oe tae ence ee mmr EES iosen pafas er to the qt in the cel f the cell shronous ‘multaneity I division ¢ al source of e.h.f. ally removed and: also be obtaine Lexternal emitter. ation of emission = molecules acti nn Action of elects omagnetic radiations of millimetre wave range on living orgar'sms 375 me, different cells, for example single-type cells of different animals apparently At the same ti enerate, im principle, different frequencies not amenable to mutual synchronization. In [25] de- f the same animals ef- scribing the interaction of erythrocytes it was established that only those o fectively interact (attract each other); they find each other even in a suspension of cells of different animals. In the tions by an external e.h.f. si ourse of the above-described experiments on synchronization of the cell-generated oscilla- gnal the duration of the cycle was found to depend on frequency: it was t,min 80 60 40 50 f,GHz Fic. 5. Duration of cycle of development of yeast cells between successive divisions as a function of the frequency of the e.h.f. radiation acting on them. proportional to the frequency of the signal synchronizing the oscillations in the cells (Fig. 5). Com- parison of this result with the action spectra (Fig. 2) indicates that together with resonance depend- ncy in a set of other ences of one specific parameter on frequency there is gradual change with freque parameters influencing the duration of the cycle. This is reflected in change in the integral charac- teristics. Consequently, to each of the resonance bands correspond changes in the body differing in some way from each other. thness of change with the frequency of the integral characteristic At the same time the smoo indicates that even the individual parameters of the cell with change in the frequency of the oscilla- tions generated by it change gradually so that it may be expected that at close resonance frequencies the organism as a whole changes relatively little. WHAT STRUCTURES DETERMINE THE RESONANCE NATURE OF THE RESPONSE OF THE ORGANISM TO E.H.F. EXPOSURE? The large number and regularity of lines in the action spectra shown in Fig. 2 indicate that e.h.f. radiation leads to excitation of multimodal resonance systems. Shift in 44 between the neigh- bouring resonances in wavelength in the free space and the value 4 of the mean wavelength in the region in which the spectrum is recorded (see Fig. 2) make it possible to determine the number of wavelengths in the excited resonance system N= A/ |4a\. (With this condition 44 corresponds to change per anit number of wavelength accommodated ina closed resonance system, i.e. transition to resonance of the type of oscillations closest to the initial.) Thus, for example, in the experiments run with cells and described in (20] Nx 200. In the experiments described in reference [12] Nx 1500 (see Fig. 2). The wavelength in the system in order of magnitude must be equal to the ratio of the perimeter of the cell (microns to tens of microns) to the magnitude N indicated, i.e. the wavelength in the excited system is ~ 106 times shorter than that in the free space (24] and this, in turn, indicates that the waves in a multimodal resonance system spread at the velocity of sound (in order of magnitude). Thus, the experimentally established nature of the action spectra indicates that on exposure of the cells to electromagnetic radiations acoustic-electric oscillations are excited in them (24]. Judging from the character of the action spectra in mammals (Fig. 25) they are also due to resonances in the cells. For the oscillations to be excited by electromagnetic waves the losses on the propagation of acoustic-electric oscillations in the resonance system must be relatively low. This requirement is (10-fold decay at distances of the met by the losses on propagation of the e..f. in a lipid medium order of centimetres (26]). Such distances are very large as compared with any intracellular dimen- oved For Release 2000/08/08 : CIA-RDP96-00789R003100280001 -7
376 M. B. Gotantr Acti sions. This led to the conclusion that the role of the multimodal resonance lipid membranes (27, 28]. But the membranes are Surrounded by cytoplas aqueous salt solutions (hereafter for brevity called an aqueous mediu ohmic losses. Does not this make resona NCe excitation of the membran tions described in Teference [29] showed that the hydrophobic part of t is separated from the hydrophilic (direct Systems may be played by ™m—a medium Tepresenting m) characterized by heavy es impossible? The investiga- he membranes with low losses ations precise! me of ¢.b.f. on ‘ WHAT ly contiguous to the aqueous medium) by layers of thickness , t ~10 A. At the same time the above-indicated value of the delay of In line v responds to fall by an order in the density of the fluence exerte ‘lished under multimodal a ‘tures are used In the case of he organism . memorizat: exposure to ai Deeper st In the course ‘exposure for . ‘the pulse radi ‘was close to ti ‘Thus, the mea ous exposu: p drawn fror Firstly, tk bg e.h.f. radiat uses betwee: a ay ae 36 57 Fz Fic. 6 Fic. 6. Absorption spectra of: a—erythrocytes; ng memorization of protein structure: nes of ganglionic elements of hydra [33}: a Fia. 7 5—erythrocyte ghosts (31]. Son the surface of the nuclear mem- —normal state; b ~ adaption. bra In principle, a Priori, the resonances observed in study of the action Spectra cannot be equated with those on excitation by e.h.f. fields of Passive elect Yodynamic structures. The difference is that in experimental Study of th i he ohmic losses for the waves Spreading in the membianes may rise ulties in the experimental de Considerably leading to diffic: tection of resonance frequencies. Approved For Release 2000/08/08 : CIA-RDP96-00789R0031002800
a: not be equated: fference is that, jut parameter.) gon the mem’. aced which, in: Action of electromagnetic radiations of millimetre wave range on living organisms. 377 cases are Very close (Fig. 6). This is direct confirmation of the fact that the e.h.f. may excite oscilla- ly in the membranes and allows one to tie the observed biological effects of the action tions precise , logic. of ¢-bf. 00 the cells to the resonance frequencies of the excited oscillations. WHAT ENABLES LIVING ORGANISMS TO MEMORIZE E.H.F. EXPOSURES AND , ACCORDINGLY CHANGE THE CHARACTER OF THEIR FUNCTIONING? In line with the third of the above listed patterns living organisms memorize the external in- fluence exerted on themand after its arrest continue to generate for a long time the frequencies estab- lished under its influence determining the changes in the character of functioning. In technical multimodal auto-oscillatory systems to fix excitation for certain types of oscillations special struc- tures are used determining the most favourable conditions of excitation for these types of oscillations. In the case of living organisms the structures fixing the type of oscillations could be created only by the organism itself in the period of the action on it of the ¢.h.f. radiations. The duration of the process of memorization already led to the conclusion that such structures are formed in the organism on exposure to an e.h.f. (see above); it might be determined by the time of construction of the structure. Deeper study of the question may be furthered by the results of experiments described in [32}. In the course of these experiments condu¢ted on mice it was shown that the biological effect of e.b-f. . " exposure for 1 hr does not change if continuous is replaced by pulsed irradiation with a power of the pulse radiation equal to the power of the continuous. The power of the continuous exposure was close to the threshold value (see pattern 2) and the porosity on pulse exposure was equal to six. Thus, the mean power on pulse exposure was several times lower than the threshold value for conti- nuous exposure, The duration of the intervals was 2x 10-3 sec. The following conclusions could be drawn from the results. Firstly, the character of the biological effect in the pulsed and continuous regimes of exposure to ¢.h.f. radiations is the same if the frequencies of the acting oscillations match. Secondly, in the pauses between pulses when the external irradiation of the animal is absent, in the organism itself the e.h.f. oscillations stay at a level close to that established in the period of the pulse and, thirdly, with shortening of the total duration of exposure the biological effects determined by memorization of the action are not observed. Consequently, one or a small number of pulses is insufficient to give structures fixing the new (resulting from irradiation) state of the body. Nor did these experiments allow us to judge the character of the structures formed. Morpho- logical investigations were necessary to determine it. Such morphological investigations have been widely conducted in connexion with study of the ultrastructure of aspects of memory [33]. It was established that the memorization process in the cells leads, in particular, to the formation on their membranes of structures adhering to the latter (we shall call them informational) which in the process of forgetting again pass to the cytoplasm (Fig. 7). INFLUENCE OF THE POWER OF EXTERNAL E.H.F. SIGNALS ACTING ON ORGANISMS ° ON THE BIOLOGICAL EFFECT OF THE ACTION AND ON THE DYNAMICS OF FORMATION OF STRUCTURES DETERMINING THE MEMORIZATION OF THE RESULTS OF EXPOSURE TO AN E.H.F. Unlike energy factors acting on living organisms (factors for which the biological effect is deter- mined by the energy coming from without) the biological effect of the informational e.h.f. influences is primarily determined by the information content of the signal (its frequency spectrum if it cor- responds to the natural frequencies of the biological system) and in a wide interval of changes of power does not depend on the size of the latter (see pattern 2 and Fig. 8 reflecting it). This indicates that the volume of the near-membrane aggregates in the informational structures described in the previous section starting from a certain value weakly influences the character of the e.h.f. field formed by the membrane. In terms of e.b.f. electrical engincering this is natural: the frequency of the signals generated by the cell and fixed by the informational structure primarily depends on the character of the given structure. In other words, the frequency to a far higher degree depends on the location of the elements forming the structure than on their size. sproved For Release 2000/08/08 : CIA-RDP96-00789R003100280001-7 pomeermerwe se
Ka 4.0 tg,min 120 ] . 2 30 3 20 60 r0 J 2 t 0 BIO tO Jatg- ta 10 0) myer? 21079 2etg7? ete! , . P, mvdfer* Fic. 8 Fia. 9 Fic. 8. Coefficient of induction of synthesis of colitsin as a function of the flow density of e.h.f. Yadiation [7]. Fia. 9. Duration of exposure (fo —time of itfadiation) as a function of the flow density of e.h.f. Yadiation for an unchanged biological effect: J— minimum time taken to synchronize oscillations of all cells; 2—time required to synchronize oscillations of 15 per cent of the cells; }3— maximum exposure time for which synchronization of the oscillations of the cells still does not appear. However, the dynamics of the process of formation of informational structures cannot be influenced by the power of the signal causing them to form. To identify the nature of this influence a series of experiments was run. They determined, in particular, the dependence of the degree of synchronization of the oscillations in yeast cells on the duration and power of the signal acting on the cell suspension. The results of such an experiment are given in Fig. 9. The character of the dependence of the degree of synchronization on time is quite trivial. The greater the initial shift of frequencies of the oscillations generated by the cells from the frequency of the synchronizing signal the longer must be the process of synchronization determined by the rearrangement of the structure adhering to the membranes. Comparison of the dependences of the degree of formation of the informational structures on the exposure time and the power of the acting signal allows one to judge a great deal. As may be seen from Fig. 9, the power of the e.h.f, signal is connected with the time of exposure required to achieve a certain biological effect, a dependence close to exponential. With what is this connected? The biological effect is determined by the formation of informational structures. It may be assumed that acceleration of this process is connected with enlistment for their formation of protein molecules from layers of the cytoplasm more distant from the membrane but the e.h.f. field on moving away from the membrane drops exponentially (see above). Therefore, for the e.h.f. field forming the structures to reach the required value at a larger distance from the membrane the ex- ponential drop of the field must be compensated by an exponential rise in the external e.h.f. signal. It should be noted that thanks to fall in the amplitude of thee.h.f, field in a direction perpendic- ular to the membrane surface the molecules shift under the influence of the field not so much along this surface as are attracted to it [34]. Therefore, the process of the action of the e.h.f. field described on the molecules in the volume of the cytoplasm explains not only the process of the formation of informational structures on the membranes (see, for example, Fig. 7) but also the process of drawing the protein molecules described in reference [35] to the surface of the membrane (Fig. 10) in condi- tions unfavourable for the functioning of the cell, i.e. in periods when in it restorative and adaptative Processes develop. Apparently this process of drawing the protein molecules to the membrane sur- face organized by the e.hLf. field indicates that the role of the e.hf. signals is not confined to deter- mination of the “direction”? of the restorative activity of the cell. They take part in the process of mobilization of its resources which is zreater and more rapid the more intense the controlling signal. . Approved For Release 2000/08/08 : CIA-RDP96-00789R003100280001 Acti THI WITt In discu “such oscilla +