352
CPYRGHT
| PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE, MARCH 197<
-J!
-JiTikl liTiL b 7 iTiTit,
viewing.
The
target, determined by random procedure, wa
White's
Plaza,
a
plaza
with
fountain
at Stanford University
(shown
in
Fig.
8).j
As
is our standard protocol, the
experi
menter with the subject
is kept ignorant of the specific targes
visited as well as
thje contents of the target pool.
The experi
menter’s statement^ and questions are italics.
Today
is Monday
j, October 7th .
It
is 11:00 and this is a re
mote viewing experiment with Russ Targt Phyllis Cole , and Ha<
Puthoff
In
this experiment Hal
will drive
to a remote
site
chosen by a randofy process.
Phyllis Cole will be the remote
viewer, and Russ
Ttyrg is the monitor.
We expect
this experi
ment
to
start at twenty minutes after eleven and run for fif
teen minutes .
It
is just about twenty minutes after eleven and Hal should
be at his target location by now.
Why don *t you
tell me what kind of pictures you see and
what you think he height be doing or experiencing.
The
first thing th^t came to mind was some sort of a large,
square kind of a shipe.
Like Hal was in front of
it.
It was a
the upper or the lower limit line
is reached, at which point a
decision is made to accept 0 or
as the bit being transmitted.
Channel
reliability
(probability
of
correctly
determining
message
being
transmitted)
as
a
function
of
operative
psi
parameter
\p
is plotted in
Fig. 19.
As observed, the sequential
sampling procedure can result in 90 percent or greater reliability
with psi parameters on the order of a few percent.
Implementation
of
the
sequential
sampling procedure
re-
quires
the
transmission of a message coded
in binary
digits.
Therefore,
the
target space must consist of dichotomous ele-
ments such
as the white and green cards used in the experi-
ments by Ryzl.
In operation,
a sequence corresponding to the target bit (0
or
1)
is sent and the cumulative entries are made (Fig. 18) until
a decision
is reached to accept either a
1 or a 0 as the bit being
transmitted.
At
a
prearranged
time,
the
next
sequence
is
begun and continues as above until the entire message has been
received.
A useful alternative, which relieves the percipient of
the burden of being aware of his self-contradiction from
trial
to
trial, consists of cycling through the entire message repeti-
tively and entering each response on
its associated graph until
a decision has been reached on
all message
bits.
The authors
have used
this technique successfully
in
a
pilot study, but
a
discussion of this would take us beyond the intended scope of
this paper.
From
the results obtained in such experiments, the channel
bit rate can be ascertained for the system configuration under
consideration.
Furthermore,
bit
rates
for
other
degrees of
reliability
(i.e.,
for other p 0
» P i
> a, and 0) can be estimated by
construction of other decision curves over the same data base
and
thus
provide
a measure
of
the
bit
rate
per
degree
of
reliability.
In summary, the procedures described here can provide for a
specification of the characteristics of a remote-sensing channel
under well-defined conditions.
These procedures also provide
for
a determination of the
feasibility of such
a channel for
particular applications.
Appendix B
Remote-Viewing Transcript
Following
is the unedited transcript of the first experiment
with an SRI volunteer (S6), a mathematician in the computer
““""Approved TftSrlft^lgiiSg 2HWJWS/08"WA
.
.
. not a building
cjr something, it was a square.
I don’t know
if it was a window, jbut something like that so that the bottom
line of it was not at jthe ground. About where his waist was, at
least.
That’s what
it seemed to me.
It seems outdoors some-
how.
Tree.
I
Does Hal seem to
looking at that square?
I don’t know.
Thje first impression was that he wasn’t, but
I
have
a sense
that whatever
it was was something one might
look
at.
I don’t know if it would be a sign, but something that
one might look at.
I
Can you tell if it ii on the ground or vertical?
It seemed vertical.]
I don’t have a senjse that
it was part of anything particular.
It might be on a building or part of a building, but
I don’t
know.
There was a tree outside, but
I also got the impression
of cement.
I don’t have the impression of very many people
or
traffic either.
I have
the sense
that he
is sort of walking
back and
forth.
I don’t have any more explicit picture than
that.
Can you move into where he
is standing and try to see what
he is looking at?
I picked up he was touching something-some thing rough.
Maybe warm and rough. Something possibly like cement.
It is twenty-four minutes after eleven.
Can you change
fyour point of view and move above
the
scene so you can getja bigger picture of what's there?
I
still
see some
trees and some
sort of pavement or some-
thing like that.
Might be a courtyard. The thing that came to
mind was
it might
b|e one of the plazas at Stanford campus or
something like that, cement.
Some kinds of landscaping.
I said Stanford campus when
I started
to see some things in
White Plaza, but
I think that is misleading.
I
have
the
sense
that
he’s not moving around
too much.
That it’s in a small aijea.
I guess I’ll go ahead and say it, but I’m afraid I’m just putting
on my impressions from Stanford campus.
I had the impres-
sion of a fountain.
There are two in the plaza, and
it seemed
that Hal was possibly near the, what they call Mem Claw.
What is that?
It’s
a
fountain
thit looks rather
like
a claw.
It’s a black
sculpture. And it has benches around it made of cement.
Are there any buildings at tfce place you are looking at? Are
of a courtyard
.
. CPYRGHT PUTHOFF NO proved For Release 2000/0108 « CIA-RDP56-00789R003100120001-4 es Usually at some places there should be a building, large or small that the courtyard is about. Look at the end or the sides of the courtyard. Is there anything to be seen? I have a sense that there are buildings. It’s not solid build- ings. I mean there are some around the periphery and I have a sense that none of them are very tall. Maybe mostly one story, maybe an occasional two story one. Do you have any better idea of what your square was that you saw at the outset? No. I could hazard different kinds of guesses. Does it seem part of this scene? It... I think it could be. It could almost be a bulletin board or something with notices on it maybe. Or something that people are expected to look at. Maybe a window with things in it that people were expected to look at. What kind of trees do you see in this place? I don’t know what kind they are. The impression was that they were shade trees and not terribly big. Maybe 12 feet of trunk and then a certain amount of branches above that. So that the branches have maybe a 12 foot diameter, or some- thing. Not real big trees. New trees rather than old trees? Yeah, maybe 5 or 10 years old, but not real old ones. Is there anything interesting about the pavement? No. It seems to be not terribly new or terribly old. Not very interesting. There seems to be some bits of landscaping around. Little patches of grass around the edges and periph- eries. Maybe some flowers. But, not lush. You saw some benches. Do you want to tell me about them? Well, that’s my unsure feeling about this fountain. There was some kind of benches of cement. Curved benches, it felt like. They were of rough cement. What do you think Hal is doing while he is there? I have a sense that he is looking at things trying to project them. Looking at different things and sort of walking back and forth not covering a whole lot of territory. Sometimes standing still while he looks around. I just had the impression of him talking, and I almost sense that it was being recorded or something. I don’t know if he has a tape recorder, but if it’s not that, then he is saying some- | thing because it needed to be remembered. It’s 11:33. He's just probably getting ready to come back. ACKNOWLEDGMENT The authors wish to thank the principal subjects, Mrs. Hella Hammid, Pat Price, and Ingo Swann, who showed patience and forbearance in addition to their enthusiasm and outstanding perceptual abilities. We note with sadness the death of one of our subjects, Mr. Price. We express our ‘sincere thanks also to Earle Jones, Bonnar Cox, and Dr. Arthur Hastings, of SRI, and Mrs. Judith Skutch and Richard Bach, without whose en- couragement and support this work could not have taken place. REFERENCES (1] J. R. Smythies, Ed., Science and ESP. .London, Engiand: Rout- ledge, 1967. (2] C, Evans, ‘‘Parapsychology—What the questionnaire revealed,” New Scientist, Jan. 25, 1973, p. 209. [3] A. Gauld, The Founders of Psychical Research. New York: Schocken Books, 1968. See also W. Crookes, Researches in the Phenomena of Spiritualisn. London, England: J. Burns, 1874. 18, 1974. [S} D. D. Home, Lights and Shadows of Spiritualism. New York: G. W. Carleton, 1877. [6] J. Coover, Experiments in Psychical Research. Palo Alto, CA: Stanford Univ. Press, 1917. [7] G. Estabrooks, Bull. Boston Society for Psychical Research, 1927. See also (12, pp. 18-19]. (8] L. T. Troland, Techniques for the Experimental Study of Telep- athy and Other Alleged Clairvoyant Processes. Albany, NY, 1928. {9} J. B. Rhine, New Frontiers of the Mind. New York: Farrar and Rinehart, 1937. J. Pratt and J. B. Rhine er al., Extra-Sensory Perception after Sixty Years. New York: Henry Holt, 1940. [11] C. Scott, “G. Spencer Brown and probability: A critique,” J. Soc. Psychical Res., vol. 39, pp. 217-234, 1958. G. R. Price, “Science and the supernatural,’ Science, vol. 122, pp. 359-367, 1955. {13] —, “Apology to Rhine and Soal,” Science, vol. 175, p. 359, 1972, J. B. Rhine, ‘A new case of experimenter unreliability,’’ J. Parapsychol., yot. 38, pp. 215-225, June 1974. {15] S. G. Soal and F. Bateman, Modern Experiments in Telepathy. London, England: Faber and Faber, 1953. [16] C. Scott and P. Haskell, ‘“‘Normal’ explanation of the Soal- Goldney experiments in extra-sensory perception,’’ Nature, vol. 245, pp. 52-54, Sept. 7, 1973. [17] C. E. M. Hansel, ESP—A Scientific Evaluation. New York: Scribner, 1966. J. B. Rhine and J. G, Pratt, “A review of the Pearce-Pratt dis- tance series of ESP tests,"’ J. Parapsychol., vol. 18, pp. 165-177, 1954, {19] J. G. Prattand J. L. Woodruff, “Size of stimulus symbols in extra- sensory perception,” J. Parapsychol., vol. 3, pp. 121-158, 1939. [20] S. G. Soal and H. T. Bowden, The Mind Readers: Recent Experi- ments in Telepathy. New Haven, CT: Yale Univ. Press, 1954. C. Honorton, “Error some place!’ J. Commun., vol. 25, no. 1 (Annenberg School of Commun.), Winter 1975. (22] M. Ryzl, “Training the psi faculty by hypnosis,” J. Amer. Soc. Psychical Res., vol. 41, pp. 234-251, 1962. (23] CIBA Foundation Symposium on Extra Sensory Perception. Boston, MA: Little, Brown, 1956. M. Ryzl and J. Pratt, “A repeated-calling ESP test with sealed cards,” J. Parapsychoil., vol. 27, pp. 161-174, 1963. [25] —, “A further confirmation of stabilized ESP performance in a selected subject,” J. Parapsychol., vol. 27, pp. 73-83, 1963. J. Pratt, “Preliminary experiments with a ‘borrowed’ ESP sub- ject,” J. Amer. Soc. Psychical Res., vol. 42, pp. 333-345, 1964. J. Pratt and J. Blom, “A confirmatory experiment with ‘bor- rowed” outstanding ESP subject,” J. Amer. Soc. Psychical Res., vol. 42, pp. 381-388, 1964. (28] W. G. Rolland J. G. Pratt, “An ESP test with aluminum targets," J. Amer, Soc. Psychicai Res., vol. 62, pp. 381-387, 1968. [29] J. Pratt, “‘A decade of research with a selected ESP subject: An overview and reappraisal of the work with Pavel Stepanek,” Proc, Amer. Soc. Psychical Res., vol. 30, 1973. [30] C. Shannon and W. Weaver, The Mathematical Theory of Com- munication. Urbana, IL: Univ. Illinois Press, 1949. (31] M. Ryzl, “A model for parapsychological communication, J. Parapsychol., vol. 30, pp. 18-31, Mar. 1966. [32] C. Tart, “Card guessing tests: Learning paradigm or extinction paradigm,” J. Amer. Soc. Psychical Res., vol. 60, p. 46, 1966. (33) M. Uliman snd S. Krippner, with A. Vaughan, Dream Telepathy. New York: Macmillan, 1973. (34] C. Honorton, ‘State of awareness factors in psi activation,” J. Amer, Soc. Psychical Res., vol. 68, pp. 246-257, 1974. [35] Proc, 2nd Int. Congr. Psychotronic Research (Monte Carlo). Cotati, CA: Int. Assoc. Psychotronic Res., 1975. L. L. Vasiliev, Experiments in Mental Suggestion. Hampshire, England: ISMI Publ., 1963. I. M. Kogan, “Is telepathy possible?’’ Radio Eng., vol. 21, p. 75, Jan. 1966. [38] ——, “Telepathy, hypotheses and observations,’ Radio Eng., vol. 22, p. 141, Jan. 1967. [39] —, “Information theory analysis of telepathic communication experiments,” Radio Eng., vol. 23, p. 122, Mar. 1968. [40] —, “The information theory aspect of telepathy,” RAND Publ., Santa Monica, CA, p. 4145, July 1969. A. S. Presman, Electromagnetic Fields and Life. New York: Plenum, 1970, Y. A. Kholodov, Ed., Influence of Magnetic Fields on Biological Objects, JPRS 63038, NTIS, Springfield, VA, Sept. 24, 1974. [43] Y. A. Kholodov, “Investigation of the direct effect of magnetic fields on the central nervous system,’ in Proc. Ist Conf. Psycho- tronic Res., JPRS L/5022-1 and 2, Sept. 6, 1974. {44] D. Mennie, “Consumer electronics." 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j PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE, MARCH 1976
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sciousness; A conceptual model and its technical implications for
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in Psi Favorable States of Consciousness,
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Approved For Release 2000/08/08
: CIA-RDP96-00789Rp03100120001-4
Approved For Release 2000/08/08
ADVANCES IN REMOTE-VIEWING
ANALYSIS
By Edwin C. May, Jessica M. Utts, Beverly S. Humphrey,
Wanda L. W. Luke, Thane J. Frivold, and Virginia V. Trask
set
‘f
ch
.no,°gy * applied to tfae ongoing research question of
how to automate the analysis of remote-viewing date. Fuzzy sets were invented to
describe, in a formal way, the subjectivity inherent in human reasoning. Applied
remote-viewing analysis, the technique involves a quantitative encoding of target
and response material and provides a formal comparison. In this progress report
he accuracy of a response is defined as the percent of the intended tareet material
ha
is described correctly. The reliability is defined as the percent of the response
al was correct. The assessment of the remote-viewing quality
is defined as the
“f
“d
. reliability, called the figure of merit The procedure
is
applied
toin
test set of six remote-viewing trials. A comparison of the figures of
merit
with
the
subjective assessments of 37 independent
analysts shows good
«K“i.T^„3LT
h”<Josr “
“d “ prov,d' *
d'"ni '
Human
analysts are commonly used
to evaluate free-response
data. Although there are many variations, the basic idea
is that an
analyst, who
is blind
to the actual
result,
is presented
with
a
re-
sponse and a number of target possibilities, one of which
is the in-
tended
target. The
analyst's
task
is
to decide what
is the best re-
sponse/target match, and frequently includes rank-ordering the
targets from best to worst correspondence with the response.
It
is
beyond the scope of this report to provide a critical review of the
extensive literature on this topic.
One aspect, however, of this type of evaluation
is that analysts
are required to make global judgments about the overall match be-
tween a complex target (e.g., a photograph of a natural scene) and
an equally complex response (e.g., written words and drawings). In
a
recent book, Dawes (1988) has discussed various decision
algo-
rithms in general and the difficulty with global techniques, such as
those used
in
rank-order evaluation,
in
particular.
1 According
to
Dawes, the research results suggest that global decisions of this type
are not as good as those based on smaller subelements that are later
' We are indebted to Professor D. Bern, Cornell University, for directing us to
this valuable source of information.
K u* lo
CIA-RDP96-00789R0031 00120001 -4
CPYRGHT
CIA-RDP96-00789R0031 00120001 -4