Meta~Analysis Part 1 Approved For Release DWE /bA $$ ltd EdD. 00789R002200400001-3 analysis method, we will avoid an enormous amount of pointless work, and we can proceed with constructive discussion. We are especially interested in comparing the quality weights proposed by parapsychologists, critics of psi research, and “neutral” scientists, as this may give us a clue as to what is considered to be important in establishing consensus agreement among these different groups. Table 7. Summary of RNG meta-analysis standard variance test studies deviation against o = 1 , F of Source (N) p (2-tail) zscores x” 9 (2-tail) SURVEY Experiment | 188 0.738 49x 107% Control -0.0003 "0.999 PRINCETON Experiment Control FILEDRAWER ESTIMATE Experiment COMBINED Experiment Cogtrol * This “too smail" variance in the control data is compatible with a model proposed by May, Radin et al (1985) and is also discussed by Jahn, Nelson and Dunne (1985). B-26 UNCLASSIFIED Approved For Release 2000/08/08 : CIA-RDP96-00789R002200400001-3
Meta-Analysis Part Approved For Release ZOKGhA SGIRDED-00789R002200400001-3 REFERENCES General References Akers, C. Methodological criticisms of parapsychology. In S. Krippner (Ed.), Advances in parapsychological research, Volume 4, Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Company, Inc., 1984. Aspect, A., Dalibard, J. and Roger, G. Experimental test of Bell’s inequalities using time-varying analyzers, Physical review letters, 49, 1982, 1804-1807. ’ Aspect, A., Grangier, P., and Roger, G. Experimental realization of ’ Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen-Bohm Gedankenexperiment: A new violation of Bell’s inequalities. Physical review letters, 49, 1982, 91-94. Beloff, J. Parapsychology and philosophy. In B. Wolman (Ed.), Handbook of parapsychology, New York: Van Nostrand, 1977. Bower, B. Getting into Einstein’s brain. Science News, Vol. 127, No. 21, May 25, 1985, Pp. 330. 5 Bozarth, J. D. and Roberts, R. R. Signifying significant significance. Avherican Psychologist, Vol. 27, 1972, 774-775. Carpenter, J. C. Intrasubject and subject~agent effects in ESP experiments. In B. Wolman (Ed.), Handbook of parapsychology, New York: Van Nostrand, 1977. Cooper, H. M. & Rosenthal, R. Statistical versus traditional procedures for summarizing research findings. Psychological bulletin, Vol. 87, 1980, 442-449, d’Espagnat, B. The quantum theory and reality. Scientific American, November 1979, 158-181. Dunne, B. f., Jahn, R. G., Nelson, R. D. An REG experiment with large data-base capability, I: Effects of sample size and various operators. Technical Note PEAR 82001, Princeton Engineering Anomalies Research Laboratory, Princeton University, School of Engineering / Applied Science, 1982. Dunne, B. J., Jahn, R. G., Nelson, R. D. Precognitive remote perception. Technical Note PEAR 83003, Princeton Engineering Anomalies Research Laboratory, Princeton University, School of Engineering / Applied Science, 1983. Epstein, S. The stability of behavior. II. Implications for psychological research. American Psychologist, 35, 9, September 1980, 790-806. Fisher, R. A. Statistical methods for research workers, (2nd ed.). London: Oliver & Boyd, 1928. Hansel, C. E. M. ESP and parapsychology: A critical reevaluation. Buffalo, NY: Prometheus Books, 1980. Honorton, C.. Error some place! Journal of communication, Vol. 25:1, Winter 1975. Honorton, C. Replicability, experimenter influence, and parapsychology: An empirical context for the study of mind. Paper presented at the meeting of the American Association for the . Advancement of Science, Washington, D. C., 1978. ; . B-27 UNCLASSIFIED Approved For Release 2000/08/08 : CIA-RDP96-00789R002200400001-3
Approved For Release 20pN@pgk SIF PRE9-00789R002200400001-3 Honorton, C. Meta-analysis of psi ganzfeld research: A response to Hyman. Journal of Parapsychology, Vol. 49, No. 1, 1985, 51-92. Hyman, R. Does the ganzfeld experiment answer the critics’ objections? In W. G. Roll, J. Beloff, & R. A. White (Eds.), Research in Parapsychology 1982. Metuchen, NJ: Scarecrow Press, 1983, 21-23. Hyman, R. The ganzfeld psi experiment: A critical appraisal. Journal of Parapsychology, 49, 1985, 3-50. Jahn, R. G. The persistent paradox of psychic phenomena: An engineering perspective. Proceedings of the IEEE, Vol. 70, No. 2, February 1982. Jahn, R. G., Nelson, R. D., and Dunne, B. J. Variance effects in REG series score distributions. Proceedings of the 28th Annual Parapsychological Association Convention; Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts, August 12-16, 1985. 8 Kennedy, J. E. The role of task complexity in PK: A review. Journal of Parapsychology, 42, 1978, 89-122 . Kurtz, P. Is parapsychology a science? In K. Frazier, Paranormal borderlands of science. Buffalo, NY: Prometheus Books, 1981. May, E. C., Humphrey, B. S., and Hubbard, G. S. Electronic system perturbation techniques. SRI International Final Report, September 30, 1980. + May, E. C., Radin, D. I., Hubbard, G. S., Humphrey, B. S. and Utts, J. M. Psi experiments with random number generators: An informational model. Proceedings of the Presented Papers of the 28th Annual Parapsychological Association Convention, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts, August 12-16, 1985. Mermin, N. D. Is the moon there when nobody looks? Reality and the quantum theory. Physics today, April 1985, 38-47. Neher, A. The psychology of transcendence, Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1980. Nelson, R. D., Dunne, B. J. and Jahn, R. G. An REG experiment with large data—base capability, IM: Operator related anomalies. Technical Note PEAR 84003, Princeton Engineering Anomalies Research Laboratory, Princeton University, School of Engineering / Applied Science, September 1984. Palmer, J. ESP research findings: 1976-1978. In S. Krippner (Ed.), Advances in parapsychological research, Volume 3. New York: Plenum Press, 1982. Rohrlich, F. Facing quantum mechanical reality. Science, Vol. 221, No. 4617, September 23, 1983, 1251-1255. Rosenthal, R. Experimenter effects in behavioral research, (rev. ed.). New York: Irvington, 1976, Rosenthal, R. Meta-analytic procedures for social research. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage Publications, 1984. Rush, J. H. Problems and methods in psychokinesis research. In S. Krippner (Ed.), Advances in parapsychological research, Volume 3. New York: Plenum Press, 1982. Schechter, E. I. Hypnotic induction vs, control conditions: Illustrating an approach to the evaluation of replicability in parapsychological data. Journal of the American Society for Psychical Research, 78, 1-28, 1984. B-28 UNCLASSIFIED Approved For Release 2000/08/08 : CIA-RDP96-00789R002200400001-3
Sisemenaes Meta-Analysis P: 1 Approved For Release AADKGhA §GIRDED-00789R002200400001-3 Schmeidler, G. R. Psychokinesis: The basic problem, research methods, and findings. In S. Krippner (Ed.), Advances in parapsychological research, Volume 4. Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Company, Inc., 1984. Schmidt, H. Comparison of PK action on two different random number generators. Journal of Parapsychology, 1974, 38, 47-55. Stanford, R. G. Experimental psychokinesis: A review from diverse perspectives. In B. B. Wolman (Ed.), Handbook of parapsychology, NY: Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, 1977. Stanford, R. G. Recent ganzfeld-ESP research: A survey and critical analysis. In S. Krippner (Ed.), Advances in parapsychological research, Volume 4. Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Company, Inc., 1984. Tart, C. T. Laboratory PK: Frequency of manifestation and resemblance to precognition. In W. G. Roll, J. Beloff, & R. A. White (Eds.), Research in Parapsychology 1982. Metuchen, NJ: Scarecrow Press, 1983, 101-102. White, R. A. The influence of the experimenter motivation, attitudes and methods of handling subjects in psi test results. In B. B. Wolman (Ed.), Handbook of parapsychology, NY: Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, 1977. Meta-Analysis References ’ Note: The following references describe psi experiments using RNGs in various ways. In this list, the following codes are used: A * means the reference was used in our binary RNG meta-analysis; a tr means the reference was also used, but the experiments mentioned in the report were simulated due to lack of sufficient detail; *xtr means this report contained both detailed and non-detailed studies. _% Andre, E. Confirmation of PK action on electronic equipment. Journal of Parapsychology, 1972, 36, 283-293. Bierman, RY J., and Wout, N. V. T. The performance of healers in PK tests with different RNG feedback algorithms. In J. D. Morris, W. G. Roll, & R. L. Morris (Eds.), Research in Parapsychology 1976. Metuchen, NJ: Scarecrow Press, 1977, 131-133. * Bierman, R. J., and Houtkooper, J. M. Exploratory PK tests with a programmable high speed random number generator. European Journal of Parapsychology, 1975, 1, 3-14. t Braud, W. Allobiofeedback: Immediate feedback for a psychokinetic influence upon another person’s physiology. In W. G. Roll (Ed.), Research in Parapsychology 1977. Metuchen, NJ: Scarecrow Press, 1978, 123-134. * Braud, L., and Braud, W. Psychokinetic effects upon a random event generator under conditions of limited feedback to volunteers and experimenter. Journal of the Society for Psychical Research, 1979, 50, 21-30. ~ Braud, W., and Schroeter, W. Psi tests with Algernon, a computer oracle. In W. G. Roll, J. , Beloff, & R. A. White (Eds.), Research in Parapsychology 1982. Metuchen, NJ: Scarecrow Press, 1983, 163-165. *kc Braud, W. G., Smith, G., Andrew, K., and Willis, $8. Psychokinetic influences on random number generators during evocation of ”analytic” vs. "nonanalytic” modes of information processing. In J. D. Morris, W. G. Roll, & R. L. Morris (Eds. ), Research in Parapsychology 1975, . Metuchen, NJ: Scarecrow Press, 1976, 85-88. B-29 UNCLASSIFIED Approved For Release 2000/08/08 : CIA-RDP96-00789R002200400001-3