CRAP, pee a BRC MN me lpn eect Ra a Sta, ann MRE rae InP esa Approved For Release 2000/08/10 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000300010002-2 PALA —GD China. In addition to further resolving the dialectic relationship of maintaining and developing the philosophy of Marxism, we must all energetically advocate that philosophical workers must "ally with the natural scientists of the same generation" in order to make the best of the guiding function of dialectical materialism on science and technology, and thus welcome the mitual progress and mutual flourishing of modern science and technology and the philosophy of Marxism. ANTHROPIC PRINCIPLES -— THE PHILOSOPHY OF SOMATIC SCIENCE Back in May of 1982, Comrade Gian Kuesen proposed the establishment of “a new anthropic principle" to be used to tie together the philosophy of Marxism and the ideas of somatic science. In WNovember of 19793, he further proposed taking the “super large system of man and the environment and man and the universe" as the object of research of the anthropic principles. In June of 1987, he further described the scientific nature and scientific position of anthropic principles, pointing out: In somatic science, “the highest level is the philosophy of Marxism. Its specificity and that portion of its philosophy related to somatic science is called the anthropic principle." It goes without saying that the proposing and studying of new anthropic principles opens up new fields in the Marxist view of man and nature. (1). THE “BRIDGE” BETWEEN SOMATIC SCIENCE AND PHILOSOPHY We all know that in the stratified division of the structure of modern science, the philosophy of Marxism {dialectical materialism) occupies the highest level. At the next level is philosophical science such as natural dialectics, historical dialectics (social dialectics), mathematics studies (mathematical dialectics), system concepts, thought dialectics, and anthropic principle. The third level includes the branches of science and the major types of science such as natural sciences, social sciences, mathematical sciences, system sciences, thought sciences and somatic sciences. Each of these major scientific fields has its own basic science, technical science and engineering technology as its own internal scientific levels. Because "the anthropic principle is a philosophical question for somatic sciences", it may be said that it is a "bridge" between somatic sciences and the philosophy of Marxism. Or it may be Said that it isa medium between somatic sciences and the philosophy of Marxism. Through the anthropic principle, the philosophy of Marxism has led the healthy development of somatic science, and across this same bridge, somatic science has encouraged and prompted the philosophy of Marxism to become even more fruitful and deep going. We can see that the nature of an intermediate bridge of the anthropic principle provides it with this double scientific function of leading and promoting at the same time. Therefore, a thorough exploration of the anthropic principle is of major scientific significance for the thorough development of both somatic science and dialectical materialism. ig Approved For Release 2000/08/10 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000300010002-2
THE "MARXIST" “PHILOSOPHICAL” ANTHROPIC PRINCIPLE oe eryone knows that there. has been the so-called “study | oF nature and man” and "debate over man and nature". These are theoretical. thoughts in the study of the mutual relationships between "way of nature". and "way of man", "natural" and “artificiai"”™ and "large universe" and- "small universe". However, the anthropic principle we are discussing here is not the same as any of the anthropic principles in the history of philosophy. This is modern anthropic principle or the new anthropic principle. In the summer of 19988 at the Sichuan Somatic Science Research Conference, the Special Group for the Anthropic Principle convened an “academic discussion conference: on the anthropic principle and tlogical thought”. . At this conference, a comrade vividly pointed out that “the anthropic: principle is ‘Marxist’ and it is ‘philosophical’, it is that portion of dialectical “materialism theoretical thought which is focussed directly on somatic science." Obviously, our present study of the anthropic principle is basically different from Dong Zhongshu’s "Tianren Ganying" and is different from idealism’s "destiny" and the "“"Zhitianshuo”" oaf old materialism. This is the scientific modern concept of the anthropic principle. It is also the dialectical materialistic view of the anthropic principie. Although the anthropic principle is also philosophy, in the philosophy of Marxism, it is a component factor which is of relatively low priority. It and the natural dialectics are the basic methods of research into the anthropic principle, or, it is consistent with the core of the. scientific methodology of the anthropic principle. (2). CONCERNING THE STRUCTURE OF THE ANTHROPIC PRINCIPLE Because the anthropic principle is a new science which is) just being established, in addition to determining the objects of its study and its scientific nature and position, it should also gradually launch explorations concerning the structure of ‘the science of the anthropic principle and into basic theory. Below we attempt to discuss simply these two questions and to raise some preliminary ideas. eT Fok cn ee Concerning the structure of the anthropic principle, based on current knowledge, it seems that we can consider the three following aspects. cs j C i. The question of the vertical strata of the anthropic principle. , “This is “concerned with, the vertical, relationship ‘between man and the environment. “Xuesen. ‘proposed that the anthropic principle has three — leveis’which were the universal anthropic principle (astronomy), the macroscopic anthropic principle(theories of Chinese Medicine and of QIGONG) and“ thi croscopic anthropic principle (quantum mechanics). In 1985, he further. jointed out that in addition to the universal, macroscopic, and > microscopic anthropic 19
research | fields of. the relationship of man and the inorganic | natu al. world.. Second is. .the organic . anthropic principle. It. is. ‘the: r sea ch.” Field. concerned with the relationship between’ man and the- organic | ‘WO “research field concerned with the relationship» between man and = the social environment {complex system of the organic. environment | and _ the soc: “Living environment). At the present: ‘time, mankind’s living environme tis’ _ becoming ;more. and ecologica system (see illustration one) - the expanding “anthropic ‘and the vague anthropic In ‘this way ; © the anthrepic® principle (see illustration: one). . As the horizontal living “environment (space | and agey Pa’, Shien ate exists is net. ‘the same, the .-anthropic principle can be divided into. the following interrelated research series. : 1. Expanding, View. 2. Universal .. view. 3. Macroscopic” “view. 4. Microscopic view. - De . Vague view... & Inorganic field OF _ Human. society... 8. Organic field. 2. Inorganic field. - ‘First is the inorganic anthropic ‘principie. It: is concerned with. the. Wid or. the world of life. Third is the social ‘anthropic .. principle. It is. the, ecological system. Fourth is the complex anthropic principle. It is “the © research field concerned with the relationship between man and the complex more ai two. dimensional . or multidimensional ‘complex surrounding environment also_ Studies: “thes
“the. individuals, consider that. ‘there are differences” in nd communities of mankind, ‘it seems © that there “(should be 1 studies of. the: ‘individual anthropic principle, population. and community anthropic principle “tetty.. and » village ne “we consider the different angles of study or the different disciplines such as mathematics, physics, chemistry, ecology, system sciences" and economics, then there should also be the branch studies of a mathematical anthropic principle, physics anthropic principle, chemistry anthropic’ principle, ecological anthropic principle, system sciences anthropic ‘principles and economic anthropic principles. (4). CONCERNING THE PROBLEM OF THEORETICAL EXPLORATION OF THE ANTHROPIC PRINCIPLES Concerning theoretical pxploration of the anthropic principles, hased on current knowledge, at least the following theoretical questions. should be explored. 4. The categories of anthropic principles, such as man, nature, the human" body; © the environment, populations, anthropic systems, open giant systems, human, ecology and anthropic interrelationships- : Ce The basic principles of anthropic principles such as the coupling principles of anthropic interrelationships, the balancing principles of -human. ecology, the evolutionary principles of the hierarchy of anthropic systems, the principles of the structural functions of anthropic systems, - the principles of purposeful actions of anthropic systems, the principles : of. _regulation and control in anthropic — systems» and the principles of feedback” control in anthropic systems. * The basic laws of anthropic principles, such as = the laws of and effects of man and nature, the laws of harmonious and nature, the laws of the adverse body of man on anthropic principles, “the laws of of. anthropic | system ecology, economy | and society, oo OS eel dng “awe ates only preliminary and “exploratory Opinions. — or ae Approved For Release 2000/08/10 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000300010002-2
UNA SELB EET an ane en A Noe Oo sagpgeggs Aopen Goarneae “wT Approved For Release 2000/08/10 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000300010002-2 LN465-92 CHARACTERISTICS OF THE HUMAN BODY AS AN GPEN COMPLEX GIANT SYSTEM SYSTEM PRINCIFLE OF CHINESE MEDICINE BY: Zhang Ruijun of the Institute of Space Medicine Engineering The open complex giant system and its methodology advocated by Mister Qian Xuesen has important guidance significance for the important development of system sciences and for basic theoretical research in Chinese Medicine. This article discusses some related questions, and the author invites critical remarks and corrections from the readers. (1). THE SIMPLE SYSTEM PRINCIPLES OF CHINESE MEDICINE Chinese medicine is generally characterized by a holistic view and dialectical treatment. Actually another important characteristic is the Simple principle of systems. The systems in Chinese medicinal theory not only describe the characteristics of the various component parts such as the internal organs, networks, respiratory and circulatory and endocrine, but they also present the characteristic nature and laws of the levels of the systems, such as yin and yang, the five primary elements of metal, wood, water, fire and earth, the five atmospheric influences of rain, fine weather, heat, cold and wind, and symptoms. They also describe laws governing interaction anong them such as the opposition, mutual foundation, weakening and strengthening and rotation of yin and yang and among the five metals. Therefore, the basic theories of Chinese medicine present a form of system principle. However, this is a very commendable point, as modern science does not yet have this type of system overall framework in its human body theories. (2). THE SYMPTOMS AND FUNCTIONAL STATES OF CHINESE MEDICINE Qian Xuesen advocates that the functional states of the human body are an important topic for somatic sciences. He starts out from the system sciences and proposes that we should study the dynamic processes, with are the functional states, fron the viewpoint of the interrelationships within the whole. Western medicine accepts he principle of determination by cause and effect, and its emphasis is on the study of the specifie reactions of the organs and cells of the human body. Actually, in order to achieve a specific function, human physiological activities are all the overall dynamics of the coordination between the variocus organ systems such as feeding, sex, sleeping, alertness and reaction to stimulus. Although one specific organ system plays the major role, it requires the coordination of the various bodily organs to work together to accomplish these acts. Therefore, all the overall activities of the human body are functional state activities. Chinese nedicine research into symptoms does not place the emphasis on the seat of the disease or on a particular reaction of a specific organ, but it studies 22 Approved For Release 2000/08/10 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000300010002-2 eee te ren mY ote ine tute Hatha D minds ane SR Aa cee ceca ee ceteeden cc de aed eanseceadecgeece
Sette De ata tte ef oad aa Ta ale Mi Mi IR ESE SIN ® PUT IE eel te $A TE BEAN BITRE MAR EL, ROE RE eee Approved For Release 2000/08/10 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000300010002-2 LN465-92 the regulating and control reactions caused in the overall body by the disease. Therefore, Chinese medicine symptoms are the study of functional states. For example, the Chinese medicine identification of the eight key links is the study of the system characteristics of the human body (yin and yang, internal and external, false and real, cold and heat) and changes in the relationships among the component parts (internal organs) and dividing the overall regulatory and control reactions into a number of symptom models. Furthermore, Chinese medicine cures actually focus on the characteristics of the symptom model and regulating this with medicine in order to bring the body back toa healthy balanced state. This is the great contribution of Chinese medicine to the body of human medicine. Therefore, Chinese medicine research into symptoms has provided a theoretical model for the functional states of the human body and a large amount materials on clinical experience. These must be summarized and studied. (3). STRATIFIED STRUCTURE Western medicine is relatively strict and detailed in its stratification of the structure of the human body. Tt divides the human body into such layers as the whole, the organs, the tissue, the cells and molecules. In the regulation and control relationship of the individusl layers, it stresses the control of the higher structures over the lower structure. In the beginning it stressed the central nervous system's control over the surrounding organs, with the organs only playing a mechanical role. Later it discovered the regulating of the hormones, and still stressed the control of the hypothalamus over the target organs. Chinese medicine has a simpler stratification of the human body, which is also somewhat confusing. However, in addition to stressing the control by the higher levels, it also stresses that there is a mutual connection and control between the lower internal organs. Chinese medicine uses the philosophy of the five elements to explain the various relationships among he heart, liver, spleen, lungs and kidney. This idea is currently being illustrated by modern medical facts. The physiological application of the feedback principle proposed by Weiner and others fully explains the important role played by lower level organs in overall regulating and control loop. There are currently sufficient facts to illustrate that the internal organs are not only acting organs, but are also excreting organs which exercise regulation and control. The Xinnasu (STC: 1800 6871 4790 excreted by the heart, prostaglandin excreted by the prostate fland and the gastrointestinal hormones excreted by the stomach are all necessary links in the mutual regulation among the organs. Even between cells there is mutual regulation of bodily fluid factors such as the various factors secreted by the lymph glands which regulate the phagocytosis effects of the macrophage and the white blood cells. Therefore, the regulation of functions of every level of the entire body, including the mutual regulation at the various levels of the central nervous systen, the internal organs, the cells and the molecules form the complex picture of the human giant system. 23 Approved For Release 2000/08/10 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000300010002-2
AOR ARENA Ad Fi ale aes ae Foor OAR AD anne Bening ap ne Peta np ees Tanga ttt anaes Approved For Release 2000/08/10 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000300010002-2 LN465-92 (4). OPEN AND STABLE The human body is an open system, it must constant exchange energy and information with the environment. Chinese medicine takes the human body to be a part of the universe environment, constantly being effected by the environment such as the theory of the movement of QI through the body and the shifting between midnight and noon. However, the human body must also maintain its own stable state, so the body is in a dynamically stable state. Chinese medicine places a great deal of emphasis on maintaining a balanced state between yin and yang- Therefore open and stable are contradictory. In order to maintain a state of balance in the human body, the openness to information and material from the outside world is selective. For example, such sensory organs as those for hearing and sight can only transform outside information within a certain range into nerve impulses which are processed. The sensory organs cannot act to transform energy or information outside the range of normal hearing or visible light. To absorb nutrients, the food must go through the stomach and intestines where it is transformed into glucose, fatty acids and amino acids before it can be selectively absorbed into energy and building materials usable to the human body. The human immune system is an even more selective system. It rejects all protein which is not of the body of itself, including germs, maintaining the body’s wholeness and eliminating the threat of disease causing #ferms. All cells are enveloped in a membrane layer which is called the cytomembrane. Its function is to allow the cell to have selective material exchange, selectively taking in and eliminating various matter. The cytomembrane has different receptors which are an information transfer system which serve to distinguish between and accept various enzymes and drugs. Therefore, the cell is a selectively open system. In summation, there exists within the human body, from the overall body to the organs and cells, an open and stabilizing relationship which contain a great number of questions which have not yet been answered. This also forms the complex picture of the giant open system of the human body. The system of theories of Chinese medicine have unique viewpoints and theoretical models of the human body system. Thorough research of these points will provide a helpful theoretical framework for the human body as an open complex giant system. In recent years, many authors attempted to carry out this kind of work, and continued to delve deeper. However, in general, the Chinese medicine system theories are still in the beginning stage. Not only is it necessary to summarize the theoretical system of Chinese medicine from the viewpoint of system sciences, it is also necessary to collect and study a great deal of scientific facts concerning human bodily functions. In this area, the facts accumulated by Western medicine and physiology should be absorbed. The opinions described in this article are all preliminary opinions, and are presented for reference. 24 Approved For Release 2000/08/10 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000300010002-2
B.ED CRNA, KAS TREN 8 ME PET WANN RT SAE RS REE RES Approved For Release 2000/08/10 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000300010002-2 LN445-92 THE HUMAN BODY IS A THREE PART COMPLEX GIANT SYSTEM CONSISTING OF “SPIRIT, QI AND GOD" BY: Wu Banghui (Sichuan University) ABSTRACT This article starts out from the viewpoint of system theory and in accordance with the duality of the “solid body and fields" of biological material clearly pointing out that the human body is a three part complex fiant system consisting of “spirit, QI and god". It also emphasizes the point out that the human body field (QI") also has a complex stratified structure. It forms a giant system which is connected to the “solid body". The fields of the different levels can have different qualities, and in the human body they may have the effect of “ordered parameters”. “God" is the functions of the human body. The high level functions connected to the functions of the human brain which cannot be completely attributed to physical, chemical or even biological functions. In the narrow sense, "god" is information processed through the spirit and Qi systems of the brain. Tt has material carriers, and can react on the human body and can also effect the outside world. From this we can understand the basic principles of Chinese medicine and QIGONG. KEY WORDS: Solid body, field, functions, spirit, Ql, god, systen, synergenics, ordered parameters, brain, information. T From the viewpoint of system sciences, a basic question in the study of systems is the examination into just exactly “what” is this systen. This is the examination into its structure (what is it composed of?. How is it formed?) and its functions as well as the relationship between its structure and its functions. This is one key in the understanding of the basic nature of a system and of using system science methods to study the system. This is so for systems in general, and this is so for biological systems. This is also so for the highest form, the human body. Therefore, the question of “what is the human body", or as a “material system", what is the structure of the human body (what is it composed of? How is if formed) and what are its functions as well as what is the relationship between its structure and its functions are the basic questions studied by somatic sciences. Somatic science, this huge scientific system, must be established on the proper base of knowledge corresponding to this’ question. anatomy to molecular biology as well as Research in sciences from a “material modern physics have already disclosed that the human body, as 29 Approved For Release 2000/08/10 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000300010002-2
AAR NSIC ETAT eae ee Eln A re i ae a he RT Ph eee, a Ee me ek te ay “yo Sh Lea a OUTSET ISAT STRSTR asthe LS CEPR ERAN SE ODN ONE AL eae CORRS OU Sonata AN A NACo DAEs Wk ate RE ENG AES AT BA ATP IRAN OAL AE ES BERLE AE ATA MERE ESBS ane S NER ve Ae Approved For Release 2000/08/10 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000300010002-2 LN4A65 924 system", contains the following “strata”. individual, systen, organs; tissue, cells, molecules, atoms, subatomic particles, ... On this basis, modern biology and other corresponding sciences concerned with the human body have come up with questions and answers. This is the extremely precious knowledge which has been obtained by following the path of “analysis” since modern science began to develop. It an be called the “solid body model" of the human body. It began in the West and the medical science which quickly developed in the West, which is generally called Western medicine was established on the basis of this mode. This developed along with modern science, received support from corresponding modern technology and achieved glorious achievements. Since the latter half of this century, with the birth of system sciences, research in modern system theory also gave modern life sciences a new vitality, giving it hope that on the basis of “analysis” it could achieve a life science system with overall knowledge which would inelude the system of he human body. This type of knowledge should be the dialectical unity of analysis and synthesis. However, when studying the human body from the viewpoint of applied system sciences and looking at certain human phenomena which modern science is not yet able to explain or even accept, we cannot help but keep coming back to the original question time after tine. “Just what is the human body?“ “The individual, systems, organs, tissue, cells,..." all undoubtedly are part of the human body. The question is, Is this all there is to the human body? “Can an “experimental body” completely reflect the basic nature of the human body?” Actually, Chinese medicine with its thousands of years of history, and its theoretical basis which has been unshaken by modern science, has silently challenged this model. Chinese medicine is far behind Western medicine in anatomical knowledge of the human body, even less in its knowledge cytology and molecular biology. Actually, the theories of Chinese medicine do not emphasize the structure of the solid human body. Several thousands of years ago, with very little knowledge of the structure of the solid human body and under very unclear circumstances, Chinese medicine had a convincing total system of theory and its practice was outstandingly effective. Furthermore, under the assault by modern science and Western medicine, its theories continued to stand firm. They did not shirk or break down or dissolve. In practice, although Western medicine has had growth and development, Chinese medicine can still “go its own way". This situation at least shows that there is something else to the human body in addition to the structure of the solid body. It objectively also presents the question of whether or not the structure of the solid body can completely reflect the basic nature of man, including 26 Approved For Release 2000/08/10 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000300010002-2 iia tanaintteliatiiaieadenleatnatindindias