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APPENDIX A
Historical Overview
(S/NOFORN)
Concept
Approval :
Commander,
US
Army
Materiel
Development
and
Readiness
Command
approved
in
principle
the
US
Army
Material
Systems
Analysis
Activity
(AMSAA)
involvement
in
the
GRILL
FLAME
(GF)
project,
which
began
in April
1978
(GF
was
the
predecessor
to
the
SUN
STREAK
Project).
In
May
1978,
the
Assistant
Chief
of
Staff
for
Intelligence
(ACSI)
accepted
lead
responsibility
for
GF
applications.
Effective
January
1981,
by
approval
of
the
Under
Secretary
of
the
Army,
INSCOM
became
the
only operational
GF element
in
the
Army.
Program management
for
GF
was
transferred
to
Commander,
INSCOM
effective
February
1981.
OACSI,
DAMI-ISH
remained
the
Army
focal
point
for
policy
matters
and
interface
at
the
national
level.
The
Defense
Intelligence
Agency
(DIA)
maintained
overall
DoD
responsibility.
Also
in
1981,
a
joint
services
GF
Committee
consisting
of
DIA,
Air
Force
and Army was
formed.
Later
the
Air
Force
Chief
of
Staff
directed
that
the
Air
Force
withdraw
from
the
committee
and
all
psychoenergetic
programs.
A comprehensive
program
was designed
to determine
the
operational
parameters
and
usefulness
of
psychoenergetics
and
assess
the
threat
these
phenomena
posed
to
national
security.
At
that
time
DIA
was
R&D
oriented
and
INSCOM's portion
of GF was applications oriented.
In
the FY83
DoD budget
review
the
Budget Subcommittee
of
the
Senate
Select
Committee
on
Intelligence
curtailed
all
psychoenergetic
activities
funded
by
the
Army
in
the
National
Foreign
Intelligence Program
(NFIP)
,
but
directed
that
DIA could
complete
the
third
year
of
their
effort
and
that
all
future
Army
funding
be
budgeted
outside
the
NFIP.
INSCOM
terminated
formal
involvement with GF
at
the
end
of FY
82;
in
the
fall
of
1982,
in
keeping
with
congressional
desires,
the
Commanding
General
INSCOM
provided
funding
from
Security
and
Investigative
Activities
(S&IA)
monies,
and
continued
its
efforts
under
a
provisional
compartmented
SAP
nicknamed
CENTER
LANE
(CL)
.
On
September
1983,
the
Secretary
of
the
Army
approved
continued
Army
participation
in
CL
activities
within
INSCOM
and
with
appropriate contractors
in
a cooperative effort with DIA.
In
July
1984,
CG,
INSCOM
determined
that
the
CL
technology
and
intelligence
collection
methodology
would
have
greater
potential
and
could
be
better
utilized
at
a
higher
echelon
in
DoD.
Accordingly,
CG
INSCOM
offered
to
transfer
CENTER
LANE's
assets
and
personnel
to
DIA.
On
March
1985,
a
memorandum
of
agreement
was concluded
between DIA
and
INSCOM providing
for
the
interim
operational
control
of
CL
by
DIA,
and
for
the
ultimate
assimilation
of
CL
assets
and
personnel
into
DIA's
new
SUN
STREAK
psychoenergetics
program.
CL
personnel
were
transferred
to DIA
in FY 1986
to form the
nucleus
of
the
SUN STREAK effort.
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APPENDIX
B
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FOIAB5
1.
(S/NOFORN)
In
February
1979,
the
Army
General
Counsel
determined
that
GRILL
FLAME
(GF)
activities
involved
testing
on
human
subjects.
\
|
Hi
March
19/9,
The
Surgeon
General
' s
Human
Subjects
Research
Review
Board
reviewed
the
GF
protocol
and
concluded
that
it
represented
technology
transfer
and
validation
of
the
technology
transfer,
rather
than
research
or
clinical
investigation,
and
as
such,
GF
activities
did
not
require
approval
for
human
use.
However,
the
Board
expressed
concerns
that
future
Army
follow-on
work
might
be
classified
as
research,
and
as
such,
plans
should
be
considered
to
establish
credible
human
use
review
procedures
to
oversee
GF
FOIAB5
activities.
Y
'
——
{
S
in
April
1980,
the
Under
Secretary
of
the
Army
approved
the
continuation
of
GF
activities.
In
October
1980,
the
DoD,
DIA,
and
Army
General
Counsel
jointly
agreed
that
it
would
be
prudent
to
obtain
written
approval
from
the
Deputy
Secretary
of
Defense
to
conduct
GF
activities.
ACSI,
DA
concurrently
initiated
action
to
obtain
Secretary
of
the
Army
approval
to
conduct
GF
activities.
In
September
1982,
INSCOM
GRILL
FLAME
activities
ceased
because
of
NFIP
restrictions;
INSCOM
psychoenergetic
activities
were
reinitiated
in
December
1982,
under
the
INSCOM
CENTER
LANE
Project
(ICLP)
,
an
S&IA
activity.
Secretary
or
Under
Secretary
approval
for
GRILL
FLAME/ICLP
activities
has
been
granted
on
January
1981,
February
1982
and
September
1983,
which were generally valid
for
one year.
With
the pending
transfer
of
ICLP
resources
to
DIA
to become
the
new
SUN
STREAK
Program,
a
DIA
General
Counsel
decision
in
February
1985
designated
SUN
STREAK
a
"Human
Use"
program,
determining
that
the
Project
involved
"Experimentation
on
Human
Subjects,"
and
that
relevant
Human
Use
protocols
did
indeed
apply
to
Project
procedures
and
technologies.
Conduct
of
the
Project
under
Human
Use
regulations
was
subsequently
approved
on
13 March
1985
by the Deputy Undersecretary
of Defense.
2.
(U)
Regulations
governing
"Experimentation
on
Human
Subjects"
are
as
follows:
a.
(U)
Code
of
Federal
Regulations,
Part
46,
"Protection
of Human Subjects"
(Incl
1)
.
b.
(U)
Procedure
13,
DOD Directive
5240. 1-R
(Incl
2).
SECRET
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APPENDIX
C
Psychological Test Descriptions
1.
The
Minnesota
Multiphasic
Personality
Inventory
(MMPI)
:
Developed
by
S.
R.
Hathaway,
Ph.D.,
and
J.
C.
McKinley,
M.D.,
The
Psychological
Corporation.
The
MMPI
is
designed
to
provide
an
objective
assessment
of
some
of
the
major
personality
characteristics
that
affect
personal
and
social
adjustment.
The
point
of view determining
the
importance
of
a
trait
in
this
case
is
that
of
the
clinical
or
personnel
worker
who wishes
to
assay
those
traits
that
are
commonly
characteristic
of
disabling
psychological
abnormality.
The
carefully
constructed
and
cross-validated
scales
provide
a
means
for
measuring
the
personality
status
of
literate
adolescents
and
adults
together
with
a
basis
for
evaluating
the
acceptability
and
dependability
of
each
test
record.
Nine
scales
were
originally
developed
for
clinical
use
of
the
inventory
and
were
named
for
the
abnormal
conditions
on
which
their
construction
was
based.
The
scales
were
not
expected
to
measure
pure
traits
nor
to
represent
discrete
etiological
or
prognostic
entities.
Since
they
have
been
shown
to
have
meaning
within
the
normal
range
of
behavior,
these
scales
are
now
commonly
referred
to
by
their
abbreviations--Hs
(hypochondriasis)
,
D
(depression)
,
Hy
(Hysteria),
Pd
(psychopathic
deviate),
Mf
(masculinity-
femininity),
Pa
(paranoia),
Pt
(psychasthenia)
,
Sc
(schizophrenia),
and Ma
(hypomania) --or
by
their
code
numbers
to
avoid
possibly
misleading
connotations.
Many
other
scales
have
subsequently
been
developed
from
the
same
items;
Si
(social
introversion)
is
one
that
is
commonly
scored.
There
are
also
three
validating
scales:
L
(lie),
F
(validity),
and
K
(correction)
.
2.
Gordon
Personal
Profile
-
Inventory
(GPI)
:
Developed
by
Leonard
V.
Gordon,
Ph.D.,
The
Psychological
Corporation.
The
GPI
is
companion
instrument
to
the
Gordon
Personal
Profile
(GPP)
.
it
measures
four
additional
traits,
namely
Cautiousness
(C)
,
Original
Thinking
(0),
Personal
Relations
(P)
,
and
Vigor
(V)
.
The >two
instruments
used
together
provide
an
economical
coverage
of
eight
important
factors
in
the
personality
domain.
Both
have
been
found
to
be
appropriate
for
use with
high
school,
college,
industrial,
and general adult groups.
3.
Fundamental
Interpersonal
Relations
Orientation
-
Behavior
(FIRO
-
B)
:
Developed
by
Will
Schutz,
Ph.D.,
Consulting
Psychologists
Press,
Inc.
The
fundamental
interpersonal
dimensions
of
the
FIRO
Theory
are;
Inclusion
(I),
Control
(C)
,
and
Affection
(A)
and
are
defined
behaviorally
as
follows:
I
-
The
interpersonal
need
for
inclusion
is
the
need
to
establish
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and
maintain
a
satisfactory
relationship
with
people
with
respect
to
interaction
and
association
(both
positive
or
negative)
.
C
-
The
interpersonal
need
for
control
is
the
need
to
establish
and
maintain
a
satisfactory
relationship
with
people
with
respect
to control
and
power.
A
-
The
interpersonal
need
for
affection
is
the
need
to
establish
and
maintain
a
satisfactory
relationship
with
others
with
respect
to
love
and
affection
.
4.
California
Psychological
Inventory
(CPI):
Developed
by
Harrison
G.
Gough,
Ph.D.,
Consulting
Psychologists
Press,
Inc.
The
CPI
is
intended
primarily
for
use
with
"normal"
(non-psychiatr ically
disturbed)
subjects.
Its
scales
are
addressed
to
personality
characteristics
important
for
social
living
and
social
interaction,
i.e.,
to variables
that
are
woven
into
the
fabric
of everyday
life.
"Folk
concepts"
such
as
these
are
hypothesized
to
be
relevant
to
the
prediction
and
understanding
of
interpersonal
behavior
in
any
setting,
culture,
or
circumstance.
Thus,
although
the
inventory has
been
found
to
have
special
utility
in
work
with
particular
kinds
of
problems,
e.g.,
delinquent
and
asocial
behavior,
it
can
also
provide
information
of
value
in
regard
to
educational,
vocational,
familial,
and many other
issues.
5.
Edwards
Personal
Preference
Schedule
(EPPS)
:
Developed
by
Allen
L.
Edwards,
Ph.D.,
University
of Washington.
The
EPPS
was
designed
primarily
as
an
instrument
for
research
and
counseling
purposes,
to
provide
quick
and
convenient
measures
of
a
number
of
relatively
independent
normal
personality
variables.
The
statements
in
the
EPPS
and
the
variables
that
these
statements
purport
to measure
have
their
origin
in
a
list
of manifest
needs
presented
by
H.
A.
Murray
and
other
noted
psychologists.
The
names
that
have
been
assigned
to
the variables
are
those
used
by
Murray.
These
measurable
personality
variables
are;
achievement
(ach)
,
deference
(def )
,
order
(ord)
,
exhibition
(exh)
,
autonomy
(aut)
,
affiliation
(aff )
,
intraception
(int),
succorance
(sue)
,
dominance
(dom)
,
abasement
(aba)
,
nurturance
(nur)
,
change
(chg)
,
endurance
(end),
heterosexuality
(het)
,
and
aggression
(agg)
.
In
addition
to
the
above
personality
variables,
the EPPS
provides
a measure
of
test consistency
and
a
measure
of profile
stability.
6.
Personal
Orientation
Inventory
(POI)
:
Developed
by
Everett
L.
Shostrom,
Ph.D.,
Educational
and
Industrial
Testing
Service,
San
Diego,
California.
The
profile
on
the
POI
shows
the
degree
to
which
the
subject's
attitudes
and
values
compare
with
those
of
self-actualizing
people.
A
self-actualizing
person
is
one
who
is
more
fully
functioning
and
who
lives
a more
enriched
life
than
does
the
average
person.
Such
a
person
is
developing
and
utilizing his
unique
talents
to
the fullest extent.
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