ns Approved For Release 2003/01/09 : CIA-RDP96-00789R002200480001-5 12. Search and Tracking As was seen in Section V.-B., above, significant evidence for search was found overall (n= 3,790, z= 2.61, p < 0.0045, d= 0.042). Most of these trials were collected in experiments using computer techniques. In a few experiments, however, the target material was physical objects in a laboratory setting. The effect sizes from these experiments do not differ significanuy from the overall result. Search has always been a challenge. On a few occasions, operational use of search has proved extremely useful data, but on the average, both the laboratory experiments and operational use have been disappointing. SRI recommends continued effort in search to determine those factors that can enhance a potentially very useful phenomenon. 13. Precognitive Remote Viewing The first SRI precognition experiment provided significant evidence of the phenomenon (nm = 4, z = 1.73, p < 0.042, d = 0.864).13 From FY 1975 to FY 1987, precognition was not studied in any systematic manner. During FY 1987, one experiment was conducted using natural sites as targets and one of the group G/ viewers. The result was not significant (n = 10, 2 = -0.476, p <= 0.683, @ = -0.150). A second experiment using novice viewers was conducted in the same year. This also did not reach a significant level (7 = 55, z= 0.070, p < 0.472, d = 0.064). Therefore, the results of SRI’s investigations are mixed. However, in a recent meta-analysis of the precognition forced-choice literature conducted by one of SRI’s subcontractors, 50 years of experimentation involving 50,000 subjects showed highly significant evidence for the phenomenon (mn * 108, z= 24.23, p< 4 x 10°5?, d=0,041). This result is consistent with the forced-choice real~time studies conducted at SRI (d = 0.052). Taken as a whole, there appears to be compelling evidence for precognition. When precognition is used as the underlying assumption for a heuristic model of psychoenergetic functioning, 15 years of random number generator data fall on the predicted theoretical curve.!* 14. Analytics (Forced-Choice) Forced~choice remote viewing (defined in Section IV.-A.) has traditionally provided weak but consistent evidence for a psychoenergetic phenomenon. In the experiments conducted during the Rhine era, over one million trials were conducted with ESP cards (i.e., a one~in-five target system).}S Strong significances were observed, but effect sizes were of the order of 0.02. 21 Approved For Release 2003/01/09 : CIA-RDP96-00789R002200480001-5
eee Approved For Release 2003/01/09 : CIA-RDP96-00789R002200480001-5 Table 3 shows the results for 19,675 trials collected at SRI since 1973. The effect size is consistent with the early results of Rhine (d = 0.052). In fiscal years 1986-1988, one of the viewers from group G/ was able to increase the effect size by a factor of 10 (n = 50, p S 0.00015, d = 0.51), meeting Cohen’s definition of a strong effect. While there was Significant improvement with this viewer during the three years, the number of formal trials was small, and thus interpretation is difficult. SRI recommends that a forced-choice investigation be continued to determine if such strong effects can be observed in other viewers. 15. Conducting an RV Experiment No formal experimentation has been conducted to examine session parameters that enhance remote viewing. SRI does not use any formal induction technique, and the sessions are conducted in a businesslike atmosphere with the viewer and monitor sitting upright and opposite each other across a table. Since the overall effect size (d= 0.385) observed for group G/ meets Cohen’s definition of a medium-sized effect, these session conditions do not appear to hinder the phenomenon. 16. Countermeasures The first step in investigating countermeasures for remote viewing is to examine whether it is possible to shield against psychoenergetic intrusion. As was discussed in Section V.-C.-10, E&M shielding does not appear to be effective, To provide an effective shield or a useful physical countermeasure, it must be determined whether psychoenergetic phenomena interact with the physical world. In the remote action studies conducted at SRI, most of the studies have not demonstrated any evidence of psychoenergetic interaction with the physical world. Two exceptions are worthy of discussion. Ina study conducted in FY 1979 involving random number generators, the significant results were consistent with the historical database of such experiments. Later, it was shown that these results are not due to a physical interaction, but rather due to precognition.!4 During FY 1975, a striking anomaly was observed when one of the viewers from group G/ attempted to influence a shielded magnetometer. The device was perturbed in a significant manner, but no other experiments were conducted that showed similar non-statistical results. 22 Approved For Release 2003/01/09 : CIA-RDP96-00789R002200480001-5
Approved For Release 2003/01/09 : CIA-RDP96-00789R002200480001-5 In an experiment designed to replicate claims made in the People’s Republic of China, SRI determined the degree to which pulses from a photomultiplier tube correlated with the quality of remote viewing. While Strong evidence for remote viewing was seen, no significant correlations with the tube output were observed. At this time, there is no evidence that psychoenergetic phenomena can be shielded against nor effectively countermeasured. 23 Approved For Release 2003/01/09 : CIA-RDP96-00789R002200480001-5