ef Approved For Release 2000/08/09 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000200040001-1 DEFENSE INTELLIGENCE AGENCY WASHINGTON. D.C. 20301 TRANSLATION REQUESTER “| FRANSLATOR'S INITIALS TRANSLATION NUMBER DATE COMPLETED /JFENCLIS) TOIR NO. DT-S ST LN190-91 LANGUAGE GEOGRAPHIC AREA (If different from place of publication) Chinese People's Rep. of China ENGLISH TITLE OF TRANSLATION PAGE NOS. TRANSLATED FROM ORIG OOC. Chifiese’ “Journal of Somatic Science FOREIGN TITLE OF TRANSLATION Zhongguo Renti Kexue AUTHOR(S} FOREIGN TITLE OF DOCUMENT (Complete only if different from Utle of translation) PUBLISHER “ DATE AND PLACE OF PUBLICATION PRC, July 1990 COMMENTS TRANSLATION pia Form sAjfapFoved For Release 2000/08/09 : CIA-RDP96-00792R00020004000T-
Approved For Release 2000/08/09 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000200040001-1 CHINESE JOURNAL OF SOMATIC SCIENCE [ZHONGGUO RENTI KEXUE] FIRST ISSUE, JULY, 1990 Approved For Release 2000/08/09 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000200040001-1
ILLUSTRATION 9.1 FRAME ONE: THERE ARE TWO TABLETS ON THE TABLE, BOTTLE HELD IN RIGHT HAND ILLUSTRATION 9.2 These are frames two and 2.5 milliseconds later. Slightly above the bottom of the bottle there is two-thirds of a tablet. ILLUSTRATION 9.3 Frame three. The tablet is completely free of the bottle. ILLUSTRATION 9.4 Frame four: Tablet continnes to drop, but has not hit the table yet. 1 foe SSN i bet ea ay Approved For Release 2000/08/09 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000200040001-1
Approved For Release 2000/08/09 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000200040001-1 SOMATIC SCIENCE (SCIENCE OF THE HUMAN BODY) Somatic science is the science of man in his cosmic environment. In the language of systems science, the human body is considered to be an open complex giant system. Here "open" refers to the human body environment and "giant" means the number of constituent elements number in the billions and billions. "Complex" means there are also many different types of constituent elements and there are a great number of interactions among the different elements. Somatic science thus differs in its basic viewpoint from the classical reductionist physiology. This indicates that somatic science is different from botany and biology, and also separates somatic science from what is commonly called life sciences. "Somatology" is an old term. Here, its meaning is limited to the basic science and technology of somatic science. It is also a synthesis of classical physiology, modern psychology, psychophysiology, neuroscience, the scientific elements of Chinese traditional medicine and Qigong (Transcendental meditation) and other related subjects such as ESP and PK. The quasi-stable states of the human body system such as walking, sleeping and Qigong are called the somatic Eigen state. For a philosophy of somatic science, the anthropic principles of Robert H. Dicke and Branden Carter, which. were derived from cosmological considerations, can be extended to the microscopic scale to include the quantum theory of measurement and quantum epistemology and to the macroscopic scale to include the fundamental principles of Chinese traditional medicine. Approved For Release 2000/08/09 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000200040001-1
Approved For Release 2000/08/09 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000200040001-1 CHINESE JOURNAL OF SOMATIC SCIENCE FIRST ISSUE (JULY 1990) TABLE OF CONTENTS REMARKS ON THE FIRST EDITION BY: Zhu Runlong, Zhu Vivi... cc ce we ce cece eee ate teens 5 SPECIAL PAPERS SOMATIC SCIENCE - IMPORTANT FRONTIERS LEADING TO BREAK-THROUGHS IN MODERN SCIENCE... ec ee eee e ce cw ewe eee eee meee eee eee seen ne canae 9 - BREAK-THROUGHS OF CURRENT SCIENCE The Chinese Society of Somatic Science (CSSS)........ 00. cee aes 9 THE HUMAN BODY - CONCEPTS AND METHODS OF OPEN COMPLEX GIANT SYSTEM BY: Chen Xin... ce ccc cece cc ce ete ere ee ee eee eee e eee eer eeseeas 19 EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH RESEARCH IN THE BREAK THROUGH OF SPACIAL OBSTACLES BY: Song Kongzhi and oOtherS..... ccc ccccc ceca cece eee eatcncereere 41 INVESTIGATION INTO THE "FORCE" OF PARAPSYCHOLOGICAL WRITING BY: Huang Jinggen and otherS..... cece ccc cc ce eee cee ce ee encase 59 HYPOTHESIZING AND EXPLORING EVIDENCE OF THE EXISTENCE OF ABNORMAL STATES OF MATTER BY: Wu Banghul... ccc cece ccc cece eee eee cease tesa seeecsvaaes 67 CONFERENCE REPORT SPEECH TO SECOND RESEARCH CONFERENCE OF CSSS BY: Zhang Zhenhuan......cssccrcasccvecscesveseescsscsseseaceves 71 THE SECOND RESEARCH CONFERENCE OF THE CSSS BY: Qin YUC.. Lc ce ce eee een ee nec seceeee see e ccc eeeeee COMMENTS ON NEW BOOKS (REVIEW OF "FOUNDING OF SOMATIC SCIENCE") BY: Rong Wen.......ecceceveeee sc eceaee dee ewe eee ee eae e rere seece 80 3 Approved For Release 2000/08/09 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000200040001-1
Approved For Release 2000/08/09 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000200040001-1 TRANSLATED DIGEST STUDIES OF THE HUMAN SUPER-PERCEPTION FUNCTION IN RUSSTA TRANSLATED BY: Li Huang... cc ccc ccc cece cece eee e renee een eer enee 84 INFORMATION AND TRENDS THE CHINESE MEDICINE SYSTEMATIC THEORY COMMITTEE ANNOUNCES SYMPOSIUM TO BE HELD IN NEAR FUTURE BY: ZHONG XUAN... ccc eee creer ers e were eee e sac e se neresacsceecas READING GUIDE BY: The Editorial Department............. Lecce eee nce weer ee teeees CHIEF EDITOR: Zhu Runlong ASSOCIATE EDITOR: Zhu Yiyi Approved For Release 2000/08/09 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000200040001-1
Approved For Release 2000/08/09 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000200040001-1 REMARKS ON THE FIRST EDITION BY: Zhu Runlong and Zhu Yiyi “THE CHINESE JOURNAL OF SOMATIC SCIENCE" has made its appearance. Please allow us to extend our sincerest regards to the readers on behalf of the editorial department. "THE CHINESE JOURNAL OF SOMATIC SCIENCE" is jointly sponsored by the Chinese Society for Somatic Science and the Shanghai Communications University. The editorial department is located in the Shanghai Communications College Publication House. In addition to the editorial department, we have established a strong editorial committee, and all members of the editorial committee and advisors are well known individuals in the field of somatic science. With the support from this type of editorial committee, we believe the reader can draw his own conclusions about the "prestige" of this magazine. ON THE NAME OF THE MAGAZINE: "THE CHINESE SOURNAL | OF SOMATIC SCIENCE” naturally assume the task of reporting developments in. human somatic science. Human somatic science is a scientific discipline which only came of age in the last ten years and especially in the last recent. years. Compared to the many other mature scientific disciplines, it is extremely young. Despite this, it has the most vitality of all the scientific disciplines. Through the research over these years, everyone is relatively familiar that human somatic science is a science that studies the human body, this extremely open, complex giant system. It is a branch of science which studies the functional states of the human body in an “objective environment (macrocosm and microcosm), and studies the structure and actions of man and his environmental system. Without a doubt, its leading principle is the Thought of Chairman Mao and the philosophy of dialectical materialism as well as the human universal view of Marxism. Its leading scientific theory is a systematic theory which unites the global concept and the reduction theory argument. Its methods are "comprehensive integral | methods" combining quantitative and integral methods proposed by Comrade Qian Xuelin in the First Issue of 1990 of.."NATURE. MAGAZINE" for the study of the complex giant systems. As for the specific scope of study of somatic science, it can generally be divided into the three aspects of system theories of Qigong (Transcendental meditation), paranormal abilities and Chinese medicine which have historically been excluded from the halls of science. After the entry of Western medicine, Chinese medicine has been viewed as “unscientific". Qigong (transcendental meditation) has been called “superstition". Many Communist Party members have been expelled from the Party for practicing Qigong. Of course, following liberation, Chinese doctors and Chinese Medicine have been called a “treasure", and have been supported. There have been major improvements in their circumstances. Following the "ten years of chaos", Qigong has also been reinstated and its prestige restored, making great strides. However, research 5 Approved For Release 2000/08/09 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000200040001-1
Approved For Release 2000/08/09 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000200040001-1 into human paranormal abilities was given a bad name following the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee. As of 1982 there were S72 = some papers lashing out against it on the front pages. Although there have been some changes, to this day it has not yet been set right. Therefore, == the eyes of many people it is connected to “magic and "sorcery." From this 774 importance of public opinion can be noticed. It is just because of this circumstance that it has been difficult tz publish and circulate publicly THE CHINESE JOURNAL OF SOMATIC SCIENCE. 37747 the first All-China Conference on Human Paranormal Abilities Scientific Discussion was convened in Shanghai in February of 1980, the delegates ta t= conference had the NATURE MAGAZINE compile and mimeograph the “Human Paré=s7B2_ Abilities Newsletter" as a way of exchanging information. At the end of 7227 year, the “Human Paranormal Abilities Newsletter begun to be printed by letterpress. In May of 1983 The Chinese Communist Party Propaganda Depar=pe= = agreed and the Shanghai Municipal Party Committee Propaganda Department approved the printing of the magazine RESEARCH IN HUMAN PARANORMAL ABILIT==E - However, it was approved for internal distribution only. In May of 1987, t= Chinese Society of Somatic Science was established with the approval of tm= _State Science Commission. It was not until April of 1989 that, with the approval of the State Science Commission, an agreement was reached for the formal publication and public distribution of THE CHINESE JOURNAL OF SOWATIZ SCIENCE. However, due to a number of technical problems, it was not until ™ezz of this year that we officially received a publication permit. In summary, =2 order that the CHINESE JOURNAL OF SOMATIC SCIENCE could be presented to the readers as early as possible, many comrades have put forth a great deal of effort. Actually, the earliest proposal for publishing and publicly distributiz< this periodical was made by Comrade Qian Xuelin. In May of 1986, he made tiz= suggestion to the representatives at the academic discussions of the first session of the Chinese Society of Somatic Sciences. After that, Comrade Qiarz Xuelin continued to press for publication and performed a great deal of work =n this regard. Comrade Qian Xuelin also personally wrote the English Language introduction for this issue. Therefore, Comrade Qian Xuelin not only is 2 author and reader of this magazine he is actually a ‘pliblicly recognized academic. leader in the realm of somatic science. His keen insight and fime writing has pointed out the direction of research in somatic science. Naturally he has also lead the direction of the publication of this jourma!. THE CHINESE JOURNAL OF SOMATIC SCIENCE is an academic magazine. It zs primarily targeted at readers who are. college graduates. If they feel tha major breakthroughs in somatic science research could lead to a new scienzif:- revolution and a second renaissance, then the targeted readership will be ewer broader. This concerns almost everyone. Therefore, anyone who has an interest in this scientific discipline can become a reader of this magazine. Since somatic science is a scientific discipline, it is naturally primarily based on scientific experiments. For this reason, this magazin= *2_i 6 Approved For Release 2000/08/09 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000200040001-1
oe me 2 oe oe ee Approved For Release 2000/08/09 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000200040001-1 Somatic science is a new scientific discipline. Research is more difficult than anything attempted before. Mastering all of its scientific contents and mysteries will not be accomplished overnight. Starting out from this concept, this magazine is only one record. It is only a printed record faithfully following the journey along the route of somatic science. After several years, turning back to look at what has happened, perhaps our efforts will cause a number of knowledgeable persons to laugh at our efforts. However, we are convinced, that there will be other things we will have done that will pass the test of time and stand up to the test of history, and will light the way to guide those who follow us as they advance. This is also the basic task of THE CHINESE JOURNAL OF SOMATIC SCIENCE and the guiding principle of this magazine. In summary, THE CHINESE. JOURNAL OF SOMATIC SCIENCE is the property of all the researchers in somatic science and all the readers concerned with developments in this scientific discipline. It is our hope that everyone will work hard to break new ground and cultivate the garden that is this magazine, so it will blossom with the flowers of somatic science and may contend among the hundreds of other flowers in the garden of Chinese science, staying always in bloom and never to wither and die. Approved For Release 2000/08/09 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000200040001-1
Approved For Release 2000/08/09 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000200040001-1 SOMATIC SCIENCE - IMPORTANT FRONTIERS LEADING TO BREAKTHROUGHS IN MODERN SCIENCE THE CHINESE SOCIETY OF SOMATIC SCIENCE Today, on account of the rapid developments in science and technology, people await even greater breakthroughs in science in technology. Somatic science as a major part of modern science and technology which is just starting to come into its own, may well] be one of the most promising frontiers which could lead to this type of major breakthrough. THE RISE OF SOMATIC SCIENCE IN CHINA The study of somatic science already has a ten year history in China. This journey has already been strange. In March of 1979 there was a report in the Sichuan Daily that in Dazu County of Sichuan province a child named Tang Yu had been found that could recognize written characters through use of his ears. This appeared in the strange happenings column of the Chinese Periodical SPRINGTIME OF SCIENCE, immediately leading to widespread interest among scientific workers as well as people from all fields of life. In February of 1980, at the first all- China scientific symposium on such phenomena that convened in Shanghai, there were 14 different people with paranormal abilities attending the conference. Of these 14 persons, 13 were children and one was a adult. They successfully demonstrated their ability to recognize characters through use of their ears in front of all those assembled in the hall. After that, a number of scientific workers throughout China - most of _ whom were of a doubting mind - wanted to carry out their own experiments to verify this phenomenon. More and more scientific workers became involved in the exploration and study of these phenomena. A series of new discoveries continued to be made. Province after province discovered a group of persons with paranormal abilities. A large amount of empirical facts were repeatedly demonstrated in a number of places, providing proof of the validity of paranormal abilities and how widespread they were. Researchers in areas all over China continued to discover that many persons with these weird abilities not only recognized characters through strange channels, but could also "see through solid objects", were capable of "telepathy", could conduct “mental telepathy", and could even read “residual information” left on a persons body . resulting from past activity. This illustrates that research into human paranormal abilities can bring us into contact with a scientific arena which is rich, unique and is very worthy of research concerning the control, release, transmission, receptivity and processing of information. Approved For Release 2000/08/09 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000200040001-1
Approved For Release 2000/08/09 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000200040001-1 After October of 1980, there was another new startling experimental development. Paranormal abilities research teams in Yunnan, Haerbin, Beijing and Anhui separately discovered several even more mystifying phenomenon not only concerning the paranormal recognition of information, but also concerning the process of the act of paranormal abilities. During this period, there were a number of experiments called "psychokinesis" experiments where the subject with paranormal abilities would turn the hands of watches, bend metal, break matches, pluck off twigs, move items and a number of actions which required a definite effort to be done (such as unscrewing, unlocking a lock, and unbuttoning a button) as well as cause exposure of sealed unexposed film, and “spontaneous combustion" of some flammable materials with the wave of a hand, without touching the Materials in the experiment. Successes in these experiments followed one after the other. Thus, the occurrance of a series of strange phenomena which science could not explain attracted a large number of scientists from many fields to a new field of scientific exploration attempting to identify and to explain these phenomena. In 1981, at the time the Second all-China scientific symposium on paranormal abilities was convened in Chongqing, there were already hundreds of scientists in this field carrying out many very important observations, experiments and research. What happened to research into paranormal abilities for a period of time following 1982 is common knowledge. The research in many areas and at many units was forced to stop. Those research activities which continued were carried out under conditions of extreme difficulty. A large number of serious scientists who had entered the arena of paranormal research with an attitude of "doubt" began to look for validity in the experiments with more self-awareness and attempted to establish various types of strict physical conditions in the design of the experiments to ensure the realization of this type of validity. At the present time, a number of scientists are conducting extremely difficult theoretical explorations to search for a scientific explanation to these phenomena. Almost. simultaneous with the discovery of paranormal abilities was a resurgence of "Qigong" (transcendental meditation in China). Especially important in this is the fact that people were no longer just using Qigong as a body building exercise and martial arts training, but a number _of. scientists, including several who were conducting scientific research into paranormal abilities, also_began to conduct scientific research into Qigong. They discovered very quickly that there were a great number of similarities. between Qigong and paranormal abilities. Many of the phenomena studied in these two were closely related to the doctrine of energy channels_in Chinese medicine and even to the overall theories of Chinese medicine. Some persons of insight began to realize that there might be a very profound inherent connection between paranormal abilities, Qigong and Chinese medicine. If we open our eyes a little more and, on one hand, make full use of modern science and technological knowledge available and methods to conduct experimental and theoretical research of paranormal abilities and Qigong, while on the other hand use the foundation of modern science and technology to fully absorb and 10 Approved For Release 2000/08/09 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000200040001-1
Approved For Release 2000/08/09 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000200040001-1 digest the abundant inheritance of Qigong and Chinese medicine over many thousand of years of Chinese history, then it would be possible to tie the research into the three phenomena together. From this it might possible to uncover the secret of the complex giant system of the human body; this most highly developed product of the natural world and of natural evolution. Therefore, aS was pointed out by Comrade Qian Xuelin, "Chinese medicine, Qigong and paranormal abilities are all tied together. They form a single complete scientific field." (MAKE FURTHER EXPLORATIONS OF THE PATH TO SOMATIC SCIENCE). “Somatic science must consider at least these three aspects."1 Thus somatic science was formally born on the Chinese mainland. In May of 1987, the State Science and Technology Commission approved the ‘establishment of the Chinese Society of Somatic Science. This undoubtedly signifies the social recognition and support of this field of scientific ’ research. SOMATIC SCIENCE IS A MAJOR PART OF THE SYSTEM OF MODERN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY What is somatic science? The target of somatic science research, obviously, is the human body. However, the way somatic science understands the human body, or the angle from which somatic research views the human body is the development of traditional physiology and other sciences to a higher plane. From the viewpoint of somatic. science. the human body first of all_isa single system, and is an extremely complex system. Its component parts, such as biological molecules and cells come in many types and forms. There are all different types of interrelated functions.- At the same time, it is also a large scale system larger than the ordinary large-scale system. We call it a "giant system". Second, as everyone knows, the human body is a living biological organism. The basic conditions for its existence are that it must maintain - interaction with its outside environment and the entire universe. _ Therefore, this system of the human body is also open. It is one open giant system. Naturally, in the natural world, many organisms are also open complex systems. However, man is different from other organisms. The most important difference is that man has thought, and this type of thought has not been detected in any other organisms. Thought is the highest level of human activity. Thought can have a reaction on the human body. It can have a reaction on the next several levels and even lower levels of activity. Therefore, overall, the human body as the subject of somatic science research, is a complex, open thinking giant system. In other words, somatic 1 QIAN Xuelin and Chen Xin NATURE MAGAZINE, 11, 5 (1988( 331 11 Approved For Release 2000/08/09 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000200040001-1
Approved For Release 2000/08/09 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000200040001-1 science studies and views the human body as a complex, open, thinking giant system. In order to find out about this complex giant system of the human body, somatic science uses systems scientific methodology. Somatic science uses systems scientific methodology for the most basic description of the giant system of the human body which is the functional state manifested in total at a given time. We call these “functional states." The human body functional state is a quasi-stable one, which is when the corresponding space which the system occupies is correspondingly stable. Even though it is relatively stable, it is not fixed and unchanging. The human body functional state can be regulated, changed from one quasi-stable state to another quasi-stable state. Regulation of the human body functional state can be accomplished through three different channels. The first of these channels is the exchange of matter or energy with the outside such as food, air, or medicine. The second channel is the exchange of information with the outside such as electromagnetic waves, sound waves, etc. The third channel is the thought action produced by the human prain. Thought is the highest stage of action of the human body. It can react on relatively lower levels of action. Therefore, man's own thought is an extremely important method of regulating his own functional state. Actually, Chinese medicine, Qigong and paranormal abilities all involve special functional states of the human body giant system, and also involve the regulatory process of the human body functions. Chinese medicine advocates "recognize the state and decide upon a treatment" Here word "state" refers to the functional state and not "symptom" (which is another Chinese character with the same pronunciation). Chinese medicine diagnosis uses the hands to collect and recognize the "host of symptoms". However, it denies input from the eye and goes through “host of symptoms" to grasp and identify the functional state of the patient. The treatments of Chinese medicine generally do not act directly on the seat of the ailment, but regulate the functional state of the patient's body. The use of these treatments or ways of regulating, the abnormal ailment state of the patient is adjusted to a normal healthy state. Because the human body has a certain ability to resist germs, toxins and to eliminate the cause of disease, if the functional state is regulated to a normal healthy state, the disease will disappear. Qigong and paranormal abilities are both only manifested after the human body enters into a certain special functional state. When masters of Qigong are practicing they must enter quiet, which means they must enter a special functional state - the Qigong functional state. Those with paranormal abilities have to enter a special functional state - the paranormal abilities state. However, in general, Qigong masters have all practiced for long periods of time, so they can inter the Qigong functional state relatively easily and at will. From the viewpoint of systems science, for the Qigong master or the person with paranormal abilities to proceed from an ordinary 12 Approved For Release 2000/08/09 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000200040001-1
Approved For Release 2000/08/09 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000200040001-1 normal state to the Qigong functional state, or the paranormal functional state, both cause their body's somatic giant system to leap from a relatively level ordered structure to a type of higher level ordered structure. This has already been observed in experiments. Under the Qigong functional state, the entropy value or the RR interval of the brain and pulse dropped, and the ordered level increased. Comrade Qian Xuelin has pointed out, "as for the open, complex giant system which is the human body, it is extremely important to study its functional states, to include several human body functional states which have a paranormal nature. As early as the scientific symposium in Chongqing in 1981, he formally pointed out the concept of "somatic functional states".? Now, the use of a persons overall functional state to describe the various functional characteristics of the somatic giant system is not only a type of scientific hypothesis, but an extremely hopeful direction of research which is already supported by scientific facts. Since 1984, a number of comrades at the Space Medicine Engineering Institute used multidimensional data analysis methods to combine the measured changes in the multiple biological indexes. into change points that..could represent the states of the overall system of the human body_to determine the location of each of the variable groups in multidimensional phase space. They have already discovered the target point and target loop of such functional states of the human body as waking, sleep, alertness and Qigong. In this manner, they have found objective observable. indexes_for somatic functional state research. Now, we can have a more clear understanding of the concept of "somatic science: the human body is a thinking, open, complex giant scale system. The characteristics of the somatic giant scale system with somatic functional states (including several special somatic functional states). Somatic. functional states can switch from one quasi-stable state to another quasi- stable state through material, energy or information exchange with the outside and through thought. regulation of the body itself. Somatic science is the study of the functional states of man as a conscious, open giant scale system in an objective environment, the regulation and changes of the functional states. Somatic paranormal abilities, Qigong and Chinese medicine (broadly speaking, it should be termed traditional medicine, and should include the medicine of all the Peoples of China, such as Tibetan medicine and Mongolian medicine) as well as all other phenomena and processes connected to functional states of the somatic giant-scale system should fall within the category of somatic science research. Somatic science uses the concepts and theories of system science to study the human body and is not in opposition to biological, physiological or modern medicine research, but makes full use of the newest achievements of these sciences. It is guided by the philosophy of Marxism, so all valuable 2 Qian Xvelin, NATURE MAGAZINE, 4,7 (1981) 482 13 Approved For Release 2000/08/09 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000200040001-1
Approved For Release 2000/08/09 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000200040001-1 knowledge of the human body can be enhanced on the basis of system science and combined to actually achieve a whole concept and reduction concept, and can unify the dialectics of Chinese medicine and of modern medicine. It is just for this very reason that we will be able to scientifically grasp the macroscopic functional states of the somatic system and understand the various microscopic action structure and mechanisms of the various functional states of the human body and thus learn the "what" and “why.” In this manner, somatic science will become a major part of the body of modern science and technology. Comrade Qian Xuelin believes that somatic science should stand among the other eight major disciplines of science - natural science, social science, mathematical science, system science, military science, the science of thought, behavioral science and the theory of literature and art. These nine major scientific fields including somatic science form a complete body of modern science.® THE SCIENTIFIC FUTURE AND THE PHILOSOPHIC SIGNIFICANCE OF SOMATIC SCIENCE Does assuming that somatic science is one of the major modern scientific fields is placing somatic science in too high a position? To answer this question it is necessary to properly evaluate and recognize the future of research in somatic science. As of today there are still many persons who completely deny the scientific nature of somatic science. The most important "evidence" that they present_is that, the empirical facts on which somatic science is based, especially facts concerning somatic paranormal abilities, seem to be irreconcilable and contradictory. with the scientific knowledge which they now have. Therefore, they will not accept and are not even willing to conduct practical experiments to test the existence of these facts. Here, we are actually touching upon a question of extraordinary importance. This question is: can science only accept and study those facts which are completely compatible with what is already known and fully explained by the. available knowledge and which in any way threatens the “foundation” of what is already known? If science is limited to_the. scope of what is already known in its research of those few "facts", which must ensure that the old knowledge will not be "discarded", what advancements can there be in science? Could there be any revolution in scientific development? If scientific research does not consider "whether or not certain facts actually exists" but only considers "whether or not certain facts should exist" and furthermore use the compatibility of certain facts with what is already known as the basis of determining if those facts should exist, then is practice being used to verify theory or is theory being used to describe the permissible scope of practice? i 3 Qian Xuelin, PHILOSOPHY AND RESEARCH, 3 (1982) 19 14 Approved For Release 2000/08/09 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000200040001-1
Approved For Release 2000/08/09 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000200040001-1 As everyone knows, a large number of major breakthroughs in science just happened to be preceded by the discovery of “abnormal” empirical facts. The difficulty of theory to explain the energy distribution of black hole radiation and the negative results of the Michaelson - Moeller “ether transfer" experiments were both “abnormal" facts for classical physics prior to the end of the 19th century. If the logic of those who oppose somatic science were to be followed, then men would always be satisfied with the “foundation” of Newton mechanics and would not "cast it off", and there would never have been the quantum theory, quantum mechanics and relativity mechanics. Even more, the philosophy of Marxism long ago reached a scientific conclusion from the theory of knowledge: practice is the only standard for the final test of the truth of theory. The founder of Marxism was very clear on this question, and specifically pointed out: if it is believed that “if anything that will fit into the system of laws and is therefore something we know, is worthy of note; and if it will not fit into the system of laws and is thus something we do not know is not worthy of note, then the things we do not know will all be deemed worthless, and can be ignored. In this way, all science is finished, because science just happens to be the study of things unknown."* Science just happens to be the study of things we do not know. The most important thing in scientific research is to pay attention to the discovery of new empirical facts, especially new empirical facts which contradict old theories. Science continues to advance by continuing to generate and to resolve the contradictions between theory and practice. Actually, modern scientific theory and the modern scientific historical perspective has long ago cast aside that archaic viewpoint that the historical development of science is merely the process of the simple accumulation of knowledge. The development of knowledge has not been limited to the gradually addition of knowledge, but also includes a process of conceptual and theoretical revolution. All scientific theories are based on certain empirical knowledge, framed in the corresponding scientific concepts and the conceptual and logical systems established. When it is possible that additional empirical knowledge continues to be contained within the framework of existing scientific concepts and can still be explained using existing theories, relative stability is maintained in this system of scientific theories. Scientific development is primarily manifested through the expansion of knowledge, increasing the content and perfecting the structure; this is the gradual evolution stage of scientific development. However, once new "abnormal" empirical facts which are no longer compatible with the existing scientific concepts or theories, and cannot be explained using existing knowledge, and these "abnormal" facts have been accumulated to a certain degree, they form a turning point for a scientific revolution -- and a revolution in scientific concepts and theory has arrived. 4 Marx and Engles, SELECTIONS FROM MARX AND ENGLES, Volume Five, pp 541 15 Approved For Release 2000/08/09 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000200040001-1
Approved For Release 2000/08/09 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000200040001-1 As for whether or not somatic paranormal functions actually exist, the reason many people are doubtful may be because these functions are so far removed from the common knowledge as we have known if for so long, and that it is too difficult to fit them into existing theory. However, the existence of this type of phenomenon has already been verified (the verification of the phenomenon of paranormal functions is not a theoretical question, but is a practical question). These empirical facts form "abnormal" knowledge that can trigger a change in theory, and the rise of somatic science has signalled the coming of a new scientific revolution. As for revolutions which may occur in modern science, there are a number of discussions on this subject presently underway in foreign countries and in China. Without a doubt, in the progress of modern science, physical sciences ‘have played an extremely major role up to the present day. Life sciences may replace the physical sciences in the next century as the new "leading science". System science is presently expanding its theories and methods into research work in all the scientific fields, providing a way of thinking symbolic of the times for the development of scientific knowledge. It is worth noting that a number of paramount questions which must be resolved by physical science, life sciences, fit perfectly into somatic science research, forming a new area of growth with great promise for breakthroughs. For example, in the physical sciences the debate of non-determinism in quantum physics began with Einstein and Bohr and has continued for half a century without reaching an answer. In 1980, a Professor at London University, David, Bahm, in his paper “Integrality and Hidden Orders" proposed a type of new thesis: that the entire universe is a single system. That all the molecules, atoms and even basic particles of which wee are so far aware are nothing more than_temporary_ manifestations within this integral body. In quantum mechanics, the Heisenberg nonderterminate theorem is also a type of surface phenomenon. If we go deeper into levels which our present knowledge is far from reaching, we could discover certain "hidden orders. The December 1983 issue of SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN also published an article which discussed — the hypothesis that if quantum mechanics and gravitational field were combined, a basic particle the. size.of_10-1% cm could be much smaller - 10-%* cm. At this scale, time would not. stop but would pulse. In this way, the “hidden orders" Bahm talks about would appear. His theory is obviously closely connected to system science. From the viewpoint of system theory, the particles we talk about today are actually only “hidden order" self- organized phenomena in this supermicroscopic world. What is especially worthy of note is the connection between somatic science and this theory. Bahm has said himself:."We. have not. yet completely established this theory. Once it has been established, such paranormal functions_as ESP and PK can be. explained and will not_seem so strange."° 5S Qian Xuelin, RESEARCH INTO SOMATIC PARANORMAL FUNCTIONS, 3,1-2 (1985) 16 Approved For Release 2000/08/09 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000200040001-1
Approved For Release 2000/08/09 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000200040001-1 Also, in biology, the establishment and development of molecular biology has made it possible for us to delve into the molecular level to learn life activities. This is without a doubt a big step forward in science toward the knowledge of the living world. However, the theories and methods that life sciences have used to make this progress are still the basis of achievements in chemistry and biology. As for molecular biology itself, no new scientific concepts or embryonic forms have appeared in molecular biology which would indicate a new era of scientific knowledge. It is only because of the rise of somatic science at present that life sciences has been presented with its greatest challenge. It is especially noteworthy that there have already been experiments which validate the effect of Qigong on large biological molecules, and this has begun to establish a very important connection between somatic science and molecular science - the most exciting field in the life sciences. Somatic science uses the theories and methods of system sciences to study the human body -- the most complex of life forms, as an open, thinking, giant-scale system -- to reveal the macroscopic conditions of - the systems it maintains. It also studies the stability of the ordered structures they form as well as the microscopic mechanisms of the system leaping from one stable ordered structure to another ordered structure. It would make possible developments in life sciences that would not only lead to possible breakthroughs in knowledge of life phenomena, but could promote developments in all sciences, changing existing scientific concepts and even the scientific world perspective. Therefore, there is reason for people to hope that major breakthroughs in modern science will occur in somatic science research. Comrade Qian Xuelin has repeatedly pointed out that “research in somatic science “may lead to a new scientific revolution in the Zist century." It "may also be a greater scientific revolution that those of quantum physics and the theory of relativity_in the.20th century." This new scientific revolution will necessarily “lead to a technical revolution which could change the world" and promote a new "cultural renaissance."! Tf somatic science is to complete such a monumental and difficult task, it must undoubtedly "use the philosophy of Marxism - be guided by dialectical materialism. At the same time, the achievements of somatic science research will also deepen and develop the philosophy of Marxism." This is because the problems discussed by somatic science are all closely "connected to the dialectical unification of matter and spirit, objective and subjective, brain knowledge. For such complex questions, “if we do not use the philosophy of Marxism to guide us, we will not be able to avoid errors.™! 1 QIAN Xuelin and Chen Xin NATURE MAGAZINE, 11, 5 (1988( 331 1 QIAN Xuelin and Chen Xin NATURE MAGAZINE, 11, 5 (1988( 331 17 Approved For Release 2000/08/09 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000200040001-1
Approved For Release 2000/08/09 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000200040001-1 Speaking of the relationship between somatic science and philosophy, it is very easy for people to think back 100 years ago when Engles criticized “materialism.” At that time there were a number of scientists who formed "seances" and "occult gatherings" because they were fettered by empiricism. Because they "relied only on empiricism, and were extremely ignorant of thought, they went to extremes in their lack of thought" and even fell into the "extreme fantasy and blind superstition" of mysticism. However, the question is: should those natural phenomena which have been distorted by "idealism" and muddied by various types of quackery be forbidden areas into which science will never step? If this logic were followed, then the ages of ignorance in ancient times before science was even born would still prevail; that is, mankind's knowledge of the entire natural world that "everything had a soul" and “totem worship." Then men would never have had to study further and understand these natural objects and natural phenomena which were worshiped as totems with a spirit. Wouldn't any scientific attempt to study and understand be considered idealism and superstition? We must know that mankind already has a history of many hundreds of years. We do not know how many phenomena (including sunrise and sunset, thunder and lightning and other common natural phenomena) have all been distorted by religious superstition and idealism. If these phenomena were all restricted areas for science, we would forever be unable to overcome superstition. What would we need science for. Actually, the real task of science is to set right all those facts which have been knocked over by religious superstition and idealism. In order to do this, science should not evade these issues, but must venture into those arenas which have been monopolized by idealistic and religious superstitious phenomena. Only by doing this can science provide a dialctical explanation of these natural phenomena, and not allow them to be considered "supernatural" causes any longer; only then can science take over the areas occupied by religious superstition one at a time, and civilization of mankind can make prosperous strides. If the opposite is done, and the logic mentioned above is followed, the question would be: is science opposing superstition or is it surrendering to superstition in the form of an appeasement. Actually, if it may be said that there is any philosophical significance to the study of somatic science, then its greatest significance lies here: the rise of somatic science is nothing more than a solemn announcement that mankind's knowledge of the open giant-scale system which is his body and its functional states has finally begun to change from the realm of superstition and idealism of the past to the arena of serious scientific study under the guidance of dialectical materialism, and the succeses possible here will all become victories of materialism over idealism and victories of the realm of knowledge over the unknown. 18 Approved For Release 2000/08/09 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000200040001-1
Approved For Release 2000/08/09 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000200040001-1 THE CONCEPT AND METHODOLOGY OF THE HUMAN BODY AS AN OPEN, COMPLEX GIANT-SCALE SYSTEM BY: Chen Xin Comrade Qian Xuelin believes that in order to do a better job of developing research into somatic science, we must explain that the human body is an open, complex giant-scale system. He said, "Can you ask your hand to write an article? We must stress "comprehensive integration” of the quantitative and qualitative. We must point out that kind of lopsided so- called "scientific methods" are not enough. We must be comprehensive, combining Western medicine, a combination of Western and Chinese medicine, Qigong, paranormal states and ..... all together for our research." I am presently working toward completing that task. I hope this article will be of some purpose for somatic science research and hope even more that others in the same field will provide me with their guidance and instructions. Up to the present time, mankind has fostered his own intelligence. He has promoted remarkable advances in science and technology and has created uncountable miracles. However, it is regrettable that mankind's understanding and study of himself is stil] incomplete and not thorough. Although the search for, and comprehension, of life phenomena has reached the molecular level and has made some major advances, it cannot completely understand the complex integral function of the human body. Modern physiology, for example, knows quite a bit about the biological and biochemical changes, and the physical chemistry processes at the cellular level of the brain, but it knows very little about the functions and activities of the brain overall when all] these cells are put together to form an integral unit. It is possible to believe that somatic science is a field lagging in modern scientific advancement, but it is also a field with the most vitality. There are many reasons why this scientific field is lagging behind. One of these reasons is because this field of science studies the human body, and is much more complex that physics, chemistry or electronics. The second reason is because it lacks targeted advanced research technology and methods. The third reason is the most important: this is a field of scientific research that has yet to establish a proper scientific philosophy and methodology. The purpose of this article is to discuss a guiding philosophy and methodology for research in somatic science. I. THE HUMAN BODY IS AN OPEN, COMPLEX GIANT-SCALE SYSTEM Many different types of systems exist in the objective world. From different viewpoints, the systems can be divided into different types of categories!» For example, the natural systems and the man-made systems. The open systems and the closed systems. The active systems and the inert stems. 19 Approved For Release 2000/08/09 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000200040001-1
Approved For Release 2000/08/09 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000200040001-1 The life systems and the non-life systems. These methods of categorization are all visual, concentrating on looking at the specific content of the systems. However, it is easy to miss the basic quality of the system. This is an extremely important question in systems research. We believe that the following system of categorization is appropriate. It categorizes systems into simplex systems and giant systems depending on the number of components and subsystems, and the degree of complexity of the relationships between them. Simplex systems refer to those which have few component systems and subsystems, and the relationships between them are relatively simple. If there are a relatively large number of subsystems, as many as dozens or hundreds, then it is a large-scale system. Whether it is a simple system or a large-scale system, to study this type of simple system it is possible to start out from — the mutual reactions between the subsystems, and work up to the active function of the composite system. When the number of subsystems is extremely large, numbering in the thousands, hundreds of millions or tens of billions, these systems become giant-scale systems. If the relationships between these extremely large numbers of subsystems is still relatively simple, they are called simple giant-scale systems. The use of direct combination methods to study this type of system is successful. If details are omitted in the function of giant systems composed of hundreds of missions of elements and statistical methods are used to generalize them, it is very successful. This is the monumental achievement of statistical mechanics early in this century. It is the contribution of I Prigogine and Haken. If there are an extremely large number of different types of systems and there is a layered structure, and the relationship between the systems is very complex and have many different effects on each other, this type of system is called a complex giant-scale system. When there are exchanges between this system and the external environment, it refers to external input and output, therefore it is an open system. This system is an open, complex giant-scale system. No theories or research methods exist for this type of system. There is also no statistical mechanics theory built on the interaction between these subsystems. This question is the key point of discussion of this article, and will be addressed in later sections. This categorization of systems clearly delineates the levels of complexity of systems. It has important significance for research into system science theory and applications. The human body2: has a huge number of subsystems at different levels. It has been calculated that the human body has 3.5 X 1018 individual cells. One cell contains several tens of thousands or even several millions of biological molecules which have to have metabolic systems for survival and functional systems to accomplish the biological functions. Different molecular systems are composed of different cellular systems. Different cellular systems are composed of different organs and physiological systems. Therefore, we may be confident that the entire human body is composed of several hundreds of thousands, millions, hundreds of millions of subsystems of different degrees of complexity, with different functions, and at different levels (physiological and anatomical). 20 Approved For Release 2000/08/09 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000200040001-1
Approved For Release 2000/08/09 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000200040001-1 Second, the extreme coordination of its different levels, the detailed regulation control and the high level information procession mechanism systems, allow the human body to be able to carry out completely unified activities. Its subsystems have complexity and uniformity. When these huge numbers of complex subsystems of the human body are conducting overall activities, it is not a simple arithmetic relationship. Between the subsystems, there are complex activities which enhance or slow down, delay or advance, and prioritize and induce. However, they are still unified activities. It is just because they have highly detailed coordinating mechanisms and information processing mechanisms that the activities of the bodies can be unified, and the person can survive and work. For example, the constancy of blood sugar, body temperature, and the internal environment and as well as coordination of mobility all are accomplished through a set of complex biological mechanisms of somatic systems. Such complex coordination and control functions is very difficult to realize in engineering and other systems. It may also be one of the special characteristics which separates if from simple giant-scale systems. Therefore, study of the regulation and control systems mechanisms of the human body could have a major effect on the study of control theory and the automatic control mechanisms. Third, it has many different types of reaction mechanisms. The relationships between the subsystems of. the human body giant-scale system take many different forms. Some are nervous, some are humoral and neurohumoral, and channeling relationships. The different types of subsystems al] have their individual type of activities that fulfill their own specific function. As the overall body has required it, the subsystems which form systems have also evolved, such as reaction mechanisms, information transmission, the various movements (conscious and unconscious movements), endocrine, transport, elimination, swallowing, material and energy absorbing and transfer, storage and release, humoral osmosis, blood circulation and overall activity, allowing man to become a comprehensive combination body with many different forms of activity. These multiple type, multiple layer actions are integrated into a single body, and between them there is an interacting mutual coordinating relationship, which is unified in total activities through an extremely complex process. Fourth, the relationships between the subsystems and the overall body are extremely complex, and the performance of each subsystem can also affect the performance of the overall body, and it is also possible that each subsystem affects the overall body, or affect the overall body by affecting other subsystems. Thus, a human body is an integral unit composed of an extremely large number of subsystems, allowing this system to manifest certain characteristics and functions. Naturally these characteristic manifestation is not that of a single subsystem. From the viewpoint of system functions, this system also is an indivisible integral unit. If the various subsystems are removed, then it will lose its original qualities. © 21 Approved For Release 2000/08/09 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000200040001-1
Approved For Release 2000/08/09 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000200040001-1 Although the general description provided above of the system which is the human body is incomplete structurally, functionally, behavioral and evolutionary, it is sufficient to explain its complexity and the degree to which it is a giant-scale system. These are the primary characteristics which differentiate it from simple giant-scale systems. Therefore, we have some basis for claiming that the human body is a complex giant-scale system. There are 1012 nerve cells in the human brain and an equal number of spongiocytes. The interaction between the nerve cells and between the groups of nerve cells is extremely complex. The human brain can use past information (memory), future information (inference) and information currently being input and the effects of the environment to carry out all sorts of complex reactions to information input. There is a material, energy and information exchange between the complex giant-scale system of the human body and the surrounding environment, and the universe. It can be stated that man and his environment and the universe form a super giant-scale system.®. The complex giant-scale system of the human body interacts with the world on five levels.*: The first level is the investigation of the relationship between man and hig world on the level of the universe. This realm has its own basic physical concepts. This is the 100,000 light year yardstick of physics, and the theory of relativity must be used. It may be debated whether there is any relationship between the existence of man and the actual evolution of the universe. The actual nature of the universe is a necessary for the existence of man. If the evolution of the universe did not take this current route, then none of the creatures on the earth, including man, would have been able to appear. The physical parameters of the evolution of the universe and the physical parameters which determine the motion of matter of which we are aware are all necessary for the appearance of man. It may also be said that because man has actually appeared, therefore, the nature of the universe must be so. This illustrates that man is interrelated to the solar system, the Milky Way and the entire universe. Second is the investigation of the relationship at the level of the macroscopic world. The physics yardstick at this level is 10? meters, equal to the size of a football field, and uses the theory of Newton mechanics, thus the investigation of the relationship between man and his environment is at this level (an environment of 102 meters). Chinese traditional medicine pays a great deal of attention to macroscopic affects. Modern environmental medicine also is an important part of this. However, it is one-sided, since it only studies the affects of the environment on man and ignores the complex giant- scale system of the human body in relationship with the environment on this macroscopic scale and it lacks system science theories and methods for its research. Third is the relationship on the level of the microscopic world. This is the investigating of the mutual relationship between man and environment and between man and his universe at the quantum mechanics level. The microscopic 22 Approved For Release 2000/08/09 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000200040001-1
Approved For Release 2000/08/09 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000200040001-1 world yardstick is 10-15 millimeter and uses quantum mechanics theory. Man's knowledge of the objective world at this scale are the internal nerve cells of man's sense organs and the nerve cells of the brain which process information. Both are quantum mechanics processes on the microscopic scale. This brings the recognition process down to the microscopic level, the quantum mechanics scale, which may be called Quantum Epistemology. On the other hand, the human body can interact with the objective world on his microscopic level which is the quantum mechanics level. Fourth is the investigation of the interrelationships of man at the submicroscopic level. This level is about the scale of 10-94 millimeter. Fifth is the investigation of relationships with man at the even larger scale above the universe level. We can see from all this that the human body is not merely a complex giant system, as it also is placed in this super giant-scale system of the universe where it interacts. Therefore, just as Comrade Qian Xuelin from the height of system science fully describes and correctly points out, the human body is an open, complex giant-scale system. Here it should also be pointed out that: (1), A human body by itself is an open, complex giant-scale system. It is also a subsystem of a special complex giant-scale system - the social system. Therefore, the study of this complex giant-scale system can be viewed as the microscopic study of the social system. When treating two or more complex giant-scale systems, the system to be studied should be treated as the primary system and other giant-scale systems should correspondingly be treated as subsystems. At the same time, it is necessary to note their interaction relationships. (2), the human body as a whole is an open, complex giant-scale system. The human brain is also an open, complex giant-scale system. When the human body is overall active, the activities of the human brain and the activities of the other parts of the body cannot be separated. The overall activity is conducted under the uniform coordination of the brain's activity. This situation melds two giant systems into a single body and comprehensively studies the characteristics of the giant system activities of this entity. (3), What we have described, the open, complex giant-scale system of the human body refers to the movement in the material plane, and the human body has spiritual activities. What are the relationships between the giant system movements on the material plane and actions on the spiritual plane. This has already attracted the attention of people of insight around the world. People note that in the modern world, mankind's study of the spiritual plane has advanced more slowly than the study of the material plane. People also realize that if modern science and technology continue to separate spiritual and material aspects and if the modern view of human life continues, a crises for mankind will arise which will require new considerations and evaluations. People must explore the relationships between the spiritual and the material and between the brain and knowledge using scientific methods. Use modern science to rediscover that precious cultural and academic heritage which was lost due to the material developments of recent eras, and restore lost traditions and recent discoveries to establish a new humankind for the future. 23 Approved For Release 2000/08/09 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000200040001-1
Approved For Release 2000/08/09 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000200040001-1 We believe that only by using the concepts of dialectical materialism epistemology will enable modern scientific knowledge, social science knowledge, and the thought and spiritual activity generated from interactions between the morals, ideals, beliefs and religions of mankind obtained from the direct or indirect reaction of objective material with the experience of mankind, to actively recognize the objective world and change both the subjective and the objective world. This is the dialectical relationship of the spiritual changing the material and viceversa. This is the major characteristic that _tmakes it different from other giant-scale systems. Therefore, when studying the human body serious attention must be paid to this question. The concept of the human body as an open, complex giant-scale system is extremely important. (1), It must promote research in somatic science with a new flying leap in leading philosophy and metrology. (2), it must be produce an even clearer, more profound, more thorough understanding of the somatic functions and thus more effectively regulate and improve the somatic functions. (3). It could possibly point out new avenues for materialist scientific research on the brain and knowledge of the spiritual and the material. II. A DESCRIPTION OF THE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE OPEN, COMPLEX GIANT-SCALE SYSTEM OF THE HUMAN BODY Over the last 20 years, giant-scale system theory and systems research has already passed through the stage of ordinary systems theory and has come far from the thermodynamics theory. stage of thermodynamic balanced dissipation structures and entered the stage of statistical mechanics and coordination. This work demonstrates that complex giant-scale systems can contain many relatively stable functional states®: Every degree of freedom in the phase space of a giant-scale system occupies certain coordinates. In this multiple element phased space of the billions of degrees of freedom, the system has points or loops of relative stability, and the system can stop near these points or loops, forming a system functional state. A complex giant-scale system has more than one point or loop, and can, through internal of external effects, enter one point or functional state to another point or functional state. The human body is an open, complex giant-scale system, and it can have functional state coordinates to describe its characteristics and a person's overall functional state. It is a quasi-stable state, it can be regulated. It can be switched from one quasi-stable state to another quasi-stable state. There are many functional states of the human body which are especially important with clear unique characteristics. These often appear in common activities and work. We call these the human body functional state or somatic functional states. We borrow a term from quantum mechanics called the Eigen state. It primarily represents the states of normal waking and normal sleep. All of the human body functional states are quasi-stable states; they can be regulated. The methods of regulation are: first method is the material exchange with the outside world such as medicine, drink or food, breathing air, etc. The scope of materials exchanged is extremely broad. The second method 24 Approved For Release 2000/08/09 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000200040001-1
Approved For Release 2000/08/09 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000200040001-1 is information exchange. The information from the outside world can be sound waves or electromagnetic waves. ‘Naturally they are in a complex form. The third method ig the thought generated by the human brain. Thought is the highest level of activity of the human body. It can react back on lower levels, and ig a major method of regulating the functional states of the human body. To use the overall functional states to describe the characteristics of the various functional states of the complex giant-scale system which is the human body is no longer just a hypothesis, but is a fact which has already been proven scientifically®- Since 1984, professor Yu Hefeng and others of the Space Medicine Engineering Institute have conducted exploratory research on the functional states of the human body. They use multiple dimensional mathematical analytical methods to take the changes in physiological indexes they have measured and combine them into system changing points which can represent the entire body. At each location of multiple dimensional phased space formed by their various changes, the activities reached relative stability at the locations of the target points and target loops. Recently, associate professor Song Kongzhi of the Space Medicine Engineering Institute used EEG indexes to describe the functional states of the complex giant-scale system of the brain. His experiment was to record the EEG of persons with paranormal abilities and with Qigong abilities, and use various methods to analyze hundreds of brain graphs and different frequency spectrums, selecting significant indexes with large volumes of information such as brain electrical energy, frequency information and structure information combined into an ordered parameter (X) and found its derivative (X') and compiled graphs of the phase planes. From the phase locus it was possible to see the activities at the locations of the target points and target loops had reached relative stability during paranormal function states and Qigong states. The use of giant-scale system functional states to describe the open, complex giant-scale system of the human body or the human brain gives scientific basis and objective indexes for somatic science research. It is of important significance. This work has just begun. It is a good attempt, demonstrating that the human body and the human brain are open, complex giant- scale systems which may possibly be described by using functional states. It is still necessary to use multiple indexes to quantitatively and qualitatively combine human senses, knowledge and thought for comprehensive analysis. This type of work is very difficult, but is of important significance. It can describe the functional states of the human body or the human brain more accurately. Because modern medicine has not studied the human body as an open, complex giant-scale system, it naturally has not used the functional state to describe a certain functional state. However, the various physiological and pathological states do exist. Naturally, the study and knowledge of these states is incomplete, and overall quantitative descriptions are lacking. 25 Approved For Release 2000/08/09 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000200040001-1
Approved For Release 2000/08/09 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000200040001-1 Therefore, if all the states in modern medicine were described as functional states new problems would be discovered, and progress would be made. In modern physiology and pathologic physiology there is a famous Selye stress theory. This was a major contribution to medical science. In 1936, Selye first came out with his theory on stress, aggregate diseases of the overall reaction to stress and adaptational diseases. This theory incorporated the laws of the advent and progression of the diseases. The meaning of stress is the sum total of nonspecific common reactions of the body to different stimuli and pressure. Selye believed that the body reacted in two ways to the various internal stimuli and stressors: the first way was to generate a corresponding specific reaction depending on the stressor. At the same time, the other way was that the body would always generate corresponding nonspecific reactions no matter what the stressor - this is called stress. The purpose of stress reaction is to maintain life and to restore function. The overall stress disorder is a common manifestation of the reaction to stress. Reactionary disorders refer to disorders caused by poor reactions or a breakdown of the reaction mechanism. Selye discovered that during stress reactions, there was an increase in the adrenal gland, with an accompanying histological hyperfunction, atrophy of brain lymph tissue, and changes in the blood hemogram in that area (reduction of blood cells, reduction of lymph cells, increase in polymorphonuclear cells) and intestinal ulcers. Overall stress disorder progresses in three stages. (1), The arousal stage. At this stage there is still no reaction. (2), The resistance stage. At this stage the reaction has reached its maximum degree. (3), The degeneration stage. During this stage, the reaction is lost. Selye's theory is recognized throughout the world. The process of the reaction of the body's resistance adaption to the stressor is actually the complex giant-scale system of the body adjusting from a normal functional state to a functional state of resistance to adaptation disorder. We also note that the switch in functional states is a process broken down into three stages with different functional characteristics. If we can study this using the theoretical methods of the functional states of complex giant-scale systems, we would discover many important patterns which would play an even greater role. We can analyze the giant-scale system structure of the complex giant-scale system of the human body during the process of reacting to a certain stressor; the inter- relationship between the subsystems participating;1 changes on the different microscopic and macroscopic levels; the characteristics of the functions and the regulating mechanism; all would be more complete and reasonable, deepening our understanding of the characteristics of overall activities of the human body giant-scale system. In Western medicine and physiology it has been discovered there are many different functional states: there is the waking functional state, the sleep functional state, the alert functional state, and the adaptive functional states which the mechanism enters under unique conditions in order to survive - such as lack of oxygen and shock. Their characteristics are that they all carry out their adaptive function through systems formed by the body's adaptive mechanisms. Once the adaptive capability is surpassed then a new pathological state is entered. This is the process of switching from a physiological functional state to a pathological functional 26 Approved For Release 2000/08/09 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000200040001-1
Approved For Release 2000/08/09 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000200040001-1 state. When switching from one functional state to another functional state, there are three characteristics which be noted. The first characteristic is the functional state process which is divided into several stages and the quasi-stable functional state finally reached. The second characteristic is that because the internal and external factors have different effects, the structure of the complex giant-scale system of the human body, that is the structure of the subsystems, is also different, and there are subsystems causing the major effects comprising the giant-scale system, so naturally the functional states are also different. Therefore, when studying somatic functional states, it is necessary to grasp the major components of the subsystems comprising the giant-scale system. It is necessary to use the theories and basis of physiology, so naturally it is best to cooperate with those working in physiology and medicine. Third is when there are changes in the functional states of the human body, the functions at the microscopic level will also change. This is also a fact which must be considered when doing research into somatic functional states. Chinese medicine takes note of such environmental factors as climate and geography and makes a composite analysis of the entire body for diagnosing disorders. This is an important theory of Chinese medicine. It is appropriate. However, we believe that from the viewpoint of somatic science, we should use the theories and methods of an open, complex giant-scale system to study Chinese medicine, and to propel Chinese medicine into the road of modern science. The "symptoms" of Chinese medicine are somatic functional states.®> The terms in Chinese medicine do not refer to certain parts of the human body structure but refer to the manifestation of certain functions in the human body giant-scale system. These are macroscopic parameters, not microscopic parameters. The macroscopic parameters of the atmosphere are air pressure, temperature, and entropy. The microscopic parameters of the atmosphere are the nitrogen molecules and the oxygen molecules; these are quantity and momentum. When a certain cellular tissue is damaged and causes a pathological reaction to an organ system, it is called such and such a disease such as heart disease or kidney disease. J feel that this is microscopic parameters or partial parameters of the organ systems, and the overall body reactions this leads to: fever, exhaustion, lack of energy and lowered resistance are the macroscopic parameters. The human body is an integral body. It is a complex giant-scale system. If certain cells or organ systems under go a pathological change, it will necessarily have an effect on other organ systems, leading the compensatory or adaptive reactions in the somatic functions. This is just like the balance and imbalance of the YIN and YANG elements and the order or lack of order in the five internal organs which is manifest on the surface or internally, by hot and cold, or empty or full and such changes in dominance in YIN and YANG. This allows us to look at the macroscopic parameters of the various symptoms and body signs at different levels in the entire body. The “symptom” in Chinese medicine includes signs of disease: symptoms and body signs; causes of disease: six excesses and seven emotions; location of the disorder: whether the ailment is surface or internal; what organs are 27 Approved For Release 2000/08/09 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000200040001-1
Approved For Release 2000/08/09 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000200040001-1 involved; the nature of the disease; hot or cold, positive or negative, surface or internal, YIN or YANG, and the trend and prognosis are all recognized as patterns of disease. It is only in this way that it is possible to have some basis for the treatment of the disease. In this way we can use the theories and methods of the giant-scale system of the human body to bridge the gaps between Chinese and Western medicine. Western medicine uses microscopic changes in the cellular tissue and organs to study the overall reaction to treat the disease. Chinese medicine uses the macroscopic reaction of the overall reaction to study the microscopic changes to treat the disease. The two stress different aspects. They each have their good points and their shortcomings. Western medicine stresses the diagnosis of the cause of the disease as extremely important. It believes that once the cause is found, the disease can be cured, but it ignores the improving of the overall functioning of the body and the resistance to disease. Chinese medicine, on the other hand, stresses the overall body and neglects the diagnosis of the cause of the disease. The two should be dialectically combined, handling different situations differently. As for the terminology and techniques used in Chinese medicine, this is not a real problem. If the contents were made uniform, the terminology could be the same and advancements would naturally be made in methods. The theories of giant-system functional states combines the microscopic and macroscopic changes at different levels into a manifestation of characteristics of the somatic functional state. It is an important theory for uniting Chinese and Western medicines. The description of somatic functional states should include the various levels of the human body, the microscopic and the macroscopic characteristics, and should also include the emotions and conscious state as well as the surrounding environment in observing the changes in the somatic giant~scale system to form somatic functional states. Deep- going research into the theory of functional states can quantify, make more scientific, and modernize the diagnostic process. It can not only accuratelyiagnose illness, it can also dialectically and dynamically grasp the control parameters of the functional state to treat illness. It an also demonstrate the design of a treatment plan, evaluating and predicting results. This can elevate present day medicine treatment levels to the pinnacle of modern science. The combination of Chinese and Western medicines has achieved a certain amount of success in China. This is simply from one making up for the shortcomings of the other. The macroscopic diagnosis of illness in Chinese medicine requires the basis of a microscopic mechanism. The Western medicine diagnosis requires the overall treatment of the disease of Chinese medicine. Generally speaking, the attitude toward Chinese medicine is that portion which is compatible with the theories of Western medicine is acceptable, or that it is acceptable to use Chinese medicine to treat patients. Neither of these methods are able to make any new basic advances in medicine. They will lead to any breakthrough. We believe we should use the theories and techniques of modern science to recognize the normal and pathological patterns of the human body and medical treatment, and thus come up with new medical science. It is only in this way that Chinese and Western medicine can be developed along the proper path, obeying the laws of scientific advancement. The validation that 28 Approved For Release 2000/08/09 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000200040001-1
Approved For Release 2000/08/09 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000200040001-1 the human body is an open, complex giant-scale system and the use of the theory of somatic functional states are important stages in the renewed total recognition of somatic functions, and they will play a role in promoting the advancement. of medical science. As for so-called balanced medicine, or treatments to lead to a balanced state may well be the somatic functional state regulation or switching effect, so the body undergoes a series of adaptation and resistance steps after invaded or interfered with by internal or external factors, reorganizing the giant- scale system's mechanisms so they have new functions, so the body will switch from a normal functioning state. This so-called restoring the body to a normal balanced state, is actually switching from a normal state to a new functioning state to adapt to the present situation and is not returning to the functional state at the original level. The Qigong functional state*-: By combining the theory of an open, complex giant-scale system and a great deal of experience we can see that the human body can switch from the normal functional state of consciousness to the Qigong state or the Qigong functional] state through a variety of techniques. This state is a quasi-stable state. The acknowledgement of the Qigong state includes Qigong into the framework of modern science. This has major significance for the study of Qigong. On the other hand it may be the site of a breakthrough in the study of somatic science. The various techniques of Qigong are steps or methods which may cause a person to enter the functional state of Qigong. There are many techniques, and it is difficult to combine them into one. There are several possibilities for this. One is, are all Qigong states the same? If they are not the same, then which technique will allow entry to what Qigong state? Another is that although there are many different techniques, but do they all eventually enter the same Qigong state? Also there need to be a scientific objective standard for entry to the Qigong functional state. Therefore, the use of Qigong theories and methods to study the control parameters of the Qigong state, and the characteristics of changes of the Qigong state are really leading study of Qigong onto the road of science. In this way, it is also possible to unify all the separate different techniques, and the Qigong characteristics will be easier to be described by objective indicators. What special Qigong has what special function will also be easier to study. Comrade Qian Xuelin also pointed out that Qigong scientific research must start out from phenomenological Qigong studies, setting up phenomenological Qigong studies. This is the first step in the study of Qigong, and it is a necessary step. Phenomenological knowledge is prescientific in nature, but is one step more advanced then empirical knowledge. It is the knowing what happens, but not knowing why it happens. Once we know why it happens, it becomes a modern science in the body of modern sciences. The first step in phenomenological study of Qigong is to qualify and quantify the data on Qigong practitioners and the Materials used both objectively and subjectively to establish system models and to describe the Qigong functional state. One step at a time will discover the phenomena of entering the Qigong state, the characteristics of the Qigong state, the 29 Approved For Release 2000/08/09 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000200040001-1
eo Bo dL. Lee Approved For Release 2000/08/09 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000200040001-1 functions of the Qigong state, in order to establish phenomenological Qigong studies, and to search for the mechanism on this basis. The paranormal functional state!®-: In certain states, people can do many ‘things that normal people cannot do such as recognizing characters without the use of sight, moving objects without touching them, removing objects from sealed containers, and putting torn paper back to its original condition. We believe that the human body, this complex giant-scale system open to the universe's super giant-scale system can only manifest this paranormal ability when in a paranormal functioning state. This type of theory places research into paranormal abilities on the basis of the philosophy of dialectical materialism. It specifically falls within the framework of advanced systems science. The study of the patterns of this type of complex strange phenomena can, on this basis, gradually delve into the exploration of its mechanism, avoid taking wrong turns, and falling into the avenue of idealism or mechanical idealism. The use of the theories and methodologies of systems science may allow for more complete study of the various phenomena of paranormal abilities and for the establishment of phenomenological theories to lay the scientific basis for the study of its mechanism. Study paranormal abilities using he theories and methods of functional states, to find the pattern of entering paranormal functional states from a normal functioning state. in order to grasp the control parameters. In this way, mankind may be able control the entry into the so-called paranormal functional state at will. Then there will be a revolutionary change in the capabilities and methods of human activities, with consequences impossible to predict. We feel that the theories and methods of functional states are major changes in the study of human science. The use of these concepts and methods to study the ordinary states of the human body and the paranormal states must result in new contents for human sciences. We should first start by studying the ordinary states of the human body. This is because the most data exists on the ordinary states which can be used for systems research, and at the same time, it is easy to control the body conditions when the body is in an ordinary state, so it is easier to come up with studies of the human body under ordinary states. Use composite integrated methods which are a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods to refine ordinary somatology from the great numbers of various medical programs of Chinese medicine and Western program and normal physiologica] materials. We can then use ordinary somatic functional states to observe somatic paranormal states, discovering the location of the paranormalities. This is the beginning of the study of somatic paranormal states. To summarize, the functional states of the complex giant-scale system of the human body are the central task of the study of somatic science’!:: (1). Study the patterns and mechanisms of the various functional states of the human body. The functional states of the giant-scale system of the human body have relative stability but they are not forever unchanging, but are constantly changing. They are a state of relative stability. This is the functional state of the human body. Otherwise they could not be called somatic functional states. The so-called stability refers to not changing and has a 30 Approved For Release 2000/08/09 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000200040001-1
Approved For Release 2000/08/09 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000200040001-1 certain degree of resistance to interference. Or that is to say when there is interference which causes the giant-scale system to leave its stable state, it can rely on certain functions to return to a stable state. Therefore, the functional states of the giant-scale system of the human body, under certain effects, can switch from one functional state to another type of functional state. The switching process has characteristics which run from gradual change to sudden switching. Every somatic functional state can pe described by using state variable space. Also, the stable states of this system must be located at the bottom of a certain place on this potential function. The state variables of the somatic functional states should be macroscopic and microscopic biological and biochemical changes, changes in psychological consciousness and changes in the surrounding environment. When selecting these variables, they should be refined by using mathematical methods so the indexes can represent the characteristics of the functional state to be used to study the mechanisms of the somatic functiona] states. (2). Study the differences in the various functional states and deeply recognize the characteristics of the various functional states and their biological and medical significance. First we should begin with the study of ordinary functional state, and after the patterns are found here, then it will be possible to use these to compare with paranormal functional states to detect their special characteristics, which is what makes them special. (3). Study the switching process of the various functional states. Explore and study the control parameters of: switching somatic functional states. As science and technology continue to advance, there will be more and more methods to use to affect the switching of functional states. However, how are we to focus on one certain special functional state to select suitable control mechanism, or to select the input window of switching the functional states. In recent years many different types of treatment devices have appeared, some of which have obvious effects and some have no effect. It may be said that none has been able to alter the somatic pathological function from the viewpoint of the contro] parameters, and none has looked for the input "windows" for deep-going research, so they have been blind. LEINEI [phonetic] and TUOMU [phonetic] in their catastrophe theory point out!2 changes in the natural world - when there are four or less than four control parameters - are of seven basic forms. They are: overlapping form, pointed form, dovetail form, butterfly form, double curve form, oval and elliptical forms. When the number of control parameters is extended to five, there are many different change models. This theory reminds us that when we are studying changes in the somatic functional state, we should look for the contro] parameters and their relationship to the change in the type of functional state. If we use the various therapeutic methods, drugs, and treatment means as control parameters, then we need to study the quantitative, qualitative and pathological change effected. This type of theory deepens the study into somatic science and expands the biological and medical contents. (4). Study the physical, chemical, biological and somatic reactions generated by the various functional states. Somatic science research has 31 Approved For Release 2000/08/09 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000200040001-1
Approved For Release 2000/08/09 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000200040001-1 discovered that. when the human body is in a certain functional state, it generates various effects (physical, chemical, biological and somatic effects). These are questions unaddressed by classical biological research such as when a Qigong waster enters the Qigong state, air is given off, how is it generated, how ig it released, what-is it made of, what is its function, all of these are important topics for somatic functional state research. The significance of somatic functional states is wide ranging. It macroscopically and microscopically unifies man and the five layers, expanded, universal, macroscopic, microscopic and submicroscopic within the human body. It deepens and expands the knowledge of the giant-scale system of the human body. It places research in Western medicine, Chinese medicine and the Qigong paranormal functions at the frontier of modern science, and it may become the area of breakthroughs in modern science. It will be able to connect the contradictions between the various theories in Chinese and Western medicine and connect and perfect theory and practice in Western and Chinese medicine, developing a new medical science for the benefit of mankind. III: THE METHODOLOGY OF SOMATIC SCIENCE It is impossible to resolve the contents of somatic science research within the framework of modern science. The breakthroughs in somatic science may lead to a new scientific revolution. The history of science reveals that any major scientific revolution in the history of man will lead to major changes and developments in methodology. Just as we have described above, the human body is an open, complex giant- scale system and is located within the environs of the super giant-scale system of the universe. Therefore, when doing research in somatic science, we cannot study the human body independently, but must investigate the system changes in the super giant-scale system at the five layers formed by man and the universe. Not only must we explore the somatic fields, we must also investigate the fields of the universe. Not only must we investigate the traditional means of energy and information transfer, but we must make special efforts to research the possibility of common bonds between man and the four layers of the universe as well as the effects of different depths of bonds and different layers on the macroscopic and microscopic states, functions and behavior of the integral system of man and the universe. Therefore, when conducting somatic science experiments, all types of physical and dynamic parameters in the universal environment are to be recorded. 32 Approved For Release 2000/08/09 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000200040004-1
Approved For Release 2000/08/09 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000200040001-1 * When conducting somatic experiments, we should also pay attention to the interactions among the human body - the environment - and the object being tested. The three should be studied as a single system. The experiments of professor Lu Zuming can enlighten us on these questions. Several researchers, when using physical testing methods to study the external air of Qigong, detected a fluctuation in infrared radiation. Therefore, they believed that the external air was low frequency fluctuations regulating infrared radiation. The subsonic sound was believed to be the external air containing infrared radiation and subsonic sound. Strictly speaking, it can only be said that when the external air acts on the infrared detector, the detector generates subsonic sound, and the infrared and subsonic sound is not necessarily the external air. In their first experiment they encased a test tube of ethyl bromide solution in a double kraft paper envelope. After the Qigong master had directed his efforts on this envelope for five to ten minutes, the envelope was opened. They discovered that the solution had faded in color. What caused the solution to fade? Was it that infrared rays had penetrated the kraft paper envelope or was it that it had been heated to over 250 degrees Celsius? Naturally, neither of these was possible. Another of their experiments used a lithium chloride thermal light releasing detector to test the Qigong area. They detected an effect like neutrons. Everyone knows that to radiate an infrared ray, it only requires the energy of one electron-volt. However, for a neutron to be released, it has to break away from the nucleus of the atom, and this requires more than a million electron-volts of energy. How could Qigong generate this much energy? How could this phenomenon be explained? It could be that the external air coming in contact with the universe environment or with the target object generated infrared rays, gamma rays or neutrons. This experiment inspires us to consider the interaction between the human body and the environment (the five levels of the universe) and the target object and the effects generated by such interaction when we conduct somatic experiments. Another major factor when conducting somatic science experiments is that we must pay attention to the effect of consciousness, that is, we must consider the effect of the tester, and even more so, consider the state of consciousness of the subject. At the same time, we must also consider the state of consciousness of the one inserted into the overall] man-universe-object system. Experiments should take note of the state of health, emotional state and state of consciousness of the subject. They should also take note of the tester's mental activities, what is he thinking, especially mental activities that could affect the success or failure of the experiment. All of these should be described and recorded. Man has mental activities. This is the primary basis for the difference between somatic science and life sciences. This is one of the major contents for study in somatic science. Faced with this open, complex giant-scale system ~- the human body as the subject of study, there must be some new changes in the research methods in somatic science in order to have an overal] knowledge of the human knowledge, find patterns of activity and their mechanisms. We need a new methodology, methods and technical tools. This is very important. 33 Approved For Release 2000/08/09 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000200040001-1
Approved For Release 2000/08/09 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000200040001-1 Life sciences research which includes the human body has always used the methods of reduction theory. The reduction theory believes that all complex activities can be reduced by stages to simple activities. The overall] activity can be reduced in stages to the actions of the single constituent elements. For example, the biological activities of the human body can be analyzed by stages to structure of activities of the system, organ, tissue, cells, subcellular tissue to the biological molecules and determine the activity function of the entire human body. Then further analyze the characteristic states and behaviors of the genes, atoms, and chains of the molecular structure and function, and these will be determined by the actions of the basic particles of which they are comprised. This sums up all the biological activities of the human body as the functional activities of its most basic elements. The methods of the reduction theory has played an important role in the development of life sciences. It has launched research into genetic codes, biochemistry and biophysics with huge successes which are already being applied in biological engineering, which has made important contributions to mankind. However, the reduction theory still cannot explain the overall functions, still cannot uncover the laws governing the overall activity of the human body. We believe that we should apply the reduction theory from the viewpoint. of the integral theory, and on the basis of the reduction theory, perfect the integral theory. This is the study of macroscopic phenomena on a microscopic basis, and deepen the study of microscopic. content to research macroscopic phenomena. Stated simply, it is the use of the system theory which dialectically unifies ‘the reduction theory and the integral theory to study somatic functions.?%: In the past thirty years, because of the advancements of the control theory and the information theory, and their gradual applications in research in the human body, comprehensive methods have begun to be used.!4- Analysis of somatic functions have begun, models of functional activities at the cellular, organ, and system level have been analyzed and applied, which have played a definite role and has been an advancement in biological research methods. However, this method only recognizes a few partial patterns, and cannot recognize activity patterns of the entire body. In the past twenty years, the dissipation structure advanced in thermodynamics and the synergetics advanced in statistical mechanics have deepened and improved the major ideas and theories in system science. Synergetics is the study of all ordered fixed structural forms and the self- ‘organization process in the movement and development of matter. The use of the principles and methods of dissipation structures and synergetics to process open, simplex giant-scale systems has been successful, solving a number of major problems. Therefore, in the past several years there have been some people who have used the theories _and methods of synergetics to conduct research on the functions of partial system organs in the human body, and it seems that this is a step forward. We believe that this can strictly control conditions, and reasonably simplify the characteristics of the activities of the systems of a giant-scale system, allowing the certain organ or system of the human body being studied to approximate a simple giant-scale system, and 34 Approved For Release 2000/08/09 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000200040001-1
Approved For Release 2000/08/09 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000200040001-1 then using this theory and method to process and have a clear knowledge of the corresponding realities of the results. This type of methodology may also be considered an advancement for somatic science. However, if we are determined to use these methods of processing simple giant-systems to process an open, complex giant-scale system - the human body, the results will not be successful. This is because this theoretical method is restricted and has applicable limits, and cannot be copied mechanically in disregard of specific conditions. , In addition, there have also been some people who promptly elevated the complex giant-scale system to philosophical heights, saying without any basis that the activities of a system are determined by the subsystems, that the macroscopic is determined by the microscopic, and so on. Some people, without noting that we do not yet have a complete knowledge and grasp of subsystems, insist on the "theory of universal holistic_unity, a part contains all information concerning the whole", and "the part is the whole, and the whole is the part, the two are absolutely one and the same," thus using incomplete knowledge to theorize about what they do not know. Such_ biased .so-called scientific methods cannot be successful. The only method that can currently be used to process an open, complex giant-scale system is. that which has been refined, generalized and abstracted on the basis of actual practice by the Chinese system science workers u guidance of Comrade Qian Xuelin. This is the comprehensive integrated method which combines qualitative and quantitative methods. This method takes the knowledge and experience (usually qualitative) gleaned by all the specialists concerning systems, available data and scientific theory to calculate the : mathematical model of the many parameters of a giant-scale system and to / repeatedly compare the results with the final theories formed. This type of ‘ conclusion is the best possible conclusion at our current stage of knowledge of ‘objective matters, it elevates quantitative knowledge to the level of qualitative knowledge. The study of the structure of the open, complex giant-scale system of the human body, its functions and behavior, and the patterns of the various control factors for switching between the various functional states must use the composite integrated method which combines qualitative and quantitative methods. This is another major advancement in the path of advancement of somatic science. Now we will discuss necessary conditions to use this method to study the overall functional state of the open, complex giant-scale system of the human body. First, collect and store the parameters of the human body while it is in various functional states, to include parameters of the normal states and pathological states, macroscopic and microscopic parameters, and parameters of biological and biochemical changes. For example, the blood pressure, urine and stool parameters of the normal state and the change in parameters for the 35 Approved For Release 2000/08/09 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000200040001-1
Approved For Release 2000/08/09 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000200040001-1 different pathological states. Collect these somatic parameters required for the advancement modern scientific to set up data banks for somatic medicine (Chinese and Western medicine) and clinical medicine. Second, collect parameters on the changes resulting from the physical and ecological environment in which man exists; such parameters as how high temperatures lead to increased pulse rate and perspiration should all be collected and stored, to set up an environmental medicine data bank. Third, compile specialty systems for scientific theories and empirical knowledge of each of the specialties such as basal and clinical Chinese medicine and Western medicine. This is especially important for the question of application of the empirical knowledge of the various specialties. Actually, this is important knowledge engineering, and is an expression of empirical knowledge and knowledge processing. It is a reasonable way to organize and utilize knowledge engineering. Work in this area is still far removed from actual use, and requires a great deal of effort by specialists. At the present time, this empirical knowledge. still cannot be computerized. Fourth, measure the somatic parameters and the physical parameters of the human body - environment - target object systems during experiments on the different functional states of the human body to collect a great deal of « parameters and data. At the present time, many changes of the human body still cannot be measured, and non-destructive measurement of microscopic changes is very difficult. With advancements in technology, we believe that there will be relatively rapid developments in this area. Also, when doing research in somatic science, it is necessary to introduce the parameters of the effect of consciousness. This is very important, but it is also very difficult. At the present time, there is still no objective which can be used to express the. consciousness parameters. It is only possible to study the description of. subjective feelings. When these basic conditions are met, it will be possible for the open, complex giant-scale system_of the human body to be comprehensively analyzed according to this method, and the results repeatedly discussed with specialists in Chinese and Western Medicine, environmental specialists, specialists in physics, and other related specialists as well as those with paranormal abilities and Qigong masters to.finally be able to determine the functional states of the human body. This method can be used to study the characteristics of the structure, function and behavior of the open, complex giant-scale system of the human body, grasp the various factors that affect the functional states, uncover the laws governing the switching of the” functional states. Viewing the developments of the methodology of science historically, in the 17th century during the renaissance, modern scientific methodology was born, beginning with Galileo to Newton. All subjective elements were discarded and science was founded entirely on experiments. _It was believed that this was the only scientific method. However, we have run up.: against major difficulties, for example, it does not work for the study of human thought. Because the study of thought must rely on mans subjective thinking and reflections, and it is impossible to use the scientific methods to study thought. Newton's is a quantitative method, and subjective thinking and 36 Approved For Release 2000/08/09 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000200040001-1
Approved For Release 2000/08/09 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000200040001-1 reflective methods are qualitative methods. In the materialistic society, scientists do not use the methods of the ideas of dialectical Ihaterialism, and have placed subjective considerations and reflection on the same level as idealism. Leading the modern scientific metrology in the direction of mechanical materialism, dismissing the role of the subject, forming methods of the reduction theory, cannot observe or conduct experiments on complex problems. Actually, human knowledge of the world is a result of an interaction between both the subjective and the objective. Under the guidance of Comrade Qian Xuelin, workers in China's systems sciences have come up with the comprehensive integration method, which is a combination of the objective and the subjective, for studying the open, complex giant-scale system .of the human body, and have demonstrated its effectiveness. The beginning point for answering a question is from a qualitative, confused, restricted perceptual knowledge. A model is compiled using different peoples' different feelings at different times under different times. This model is very complex, and it must be able to determine hundreds of different parameters. It is not just a name used by specialists, but is used to calculate data. It is also used to combine qualitative perceptual knowledge and actually measured data a little bit at a time, and expressing this through the model. This elevation from qualitative to quantitative, from perceptual to the rational is true dialectical materialism. First, it is material, second it is dialectical. This method uses such modern science and technology as computers, artificial knowledge, and knowledge engineering to actually resolve the questions of open, complex giant- scale systems, which are the human body giant-scale system, the geographic giant-scale system, the environmental giant-scale system, and the social giant- scale system. This method will play a major role in the next cultural renaissance. This is another major contribution of China’s system science workers. The overall functional activities of the human body, including the activities of the human brain, is a physical open, complex giant-scale system. It also involves the brain and consciousness, spirit and material, subjective and objective areas of research. The comprehensive integrative method which combines the quantitative and the qualitative is currently the best method for studying this open, complex giant-scale system. It is used to understand the human body with objective and subjective interactions. It can combine unspecific perceptual quantitative knowledge and various data measured by instruments for analysis, so there can be a complete knowledge of the characteristics displayed by the activity patterns of the somatic normal states and pathological states. Actually, modern medicine can determine a great deal of data. Although it is far from enough, methods of performing comprehensive analysis of that data already determined are even more lacking, and large amounts of perceptual empirical data have not been compiled and have not been subjected to comprehensive analysis by modern scientific and technological models. When a doctor is performing diagnosis and treatment in a modern hospital, he must conduct a great many objective physical and chemical examinations. He must learn the patient's primary complaints, and must obtain large amounts of data and information, and then the doctor will perform comprehensive analysis of this material to make his diagnosis and apply 37 Approved For Release 2000/08/09 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000200040001-1
Approved For Release 2000/08/09 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000200040001-1 treatment in accordance with the disorder. This is seen al] the time. Doctors believe that this is very scientific, and if anyone said that not enough comprehensive analysis was conducted, the doctors would find this difficult to accept. Why, then, is there an admitted difference between clinical specialists and ordinary doctors? What is the difference? The primary difference is that the experienced clinical specialist has had a great deal of practice and has accumulated a great deal of diagnostic and treatment experience. He can very naturally combine this medical case experience with his examination data to perform comprehensive analysis and to discover the primary contradictions, the secondary contradictions of the human body when it is sick, as well as the interrelationships between these contradictions and patterns of changing conditions. In this manner he is able to grasp the patterns of diagnosing ailments. This is the first point. The second point is that for the experienced clinical specialist in order to elevate unclear qualitative empirical data to the quantitative level must use a computer to process the data. This point is also conceded. The third point is that he first determines the data which can represent the normal and pathological functional states of the human body. These are not unspecific, but can be measured. They are not blind, but are targeted data. The fourth point is to establish a complex medical case model combining the theories of Chinese and Western medicine and the practical experience of doctors, and to use advanced techniques such as large computers to carry out comprehensive scientific analysis. The use of these methods of examination and measurement, then it will be possible to immediately complete such medical treatment programs and measures as diagnostic, treatment and prognosis. This will necessarily play an important role in the advancement of health. It will not only be able to locate the clues to normal functional states and pathological functional states of ordinary people, wil] also be able to find the clues to the functional states of Qigong masters and persons with paranormal abilities. From this viewpoint, the diagnostic and treatment methods and procedures of modern hospitals are still not modernized enough. The comprehensive integration methods of combining the quantitative with the qualitative are important measures in promoting modern medicine. They are an important content of somatic science research. We can foresee that developments in medicine in the 21st century should be medicine with somatic science concepts and methods. IV: CONCLUSION In conclusion of this article, we once point out that somatic science is the study of the open, complex giant-scale system of the human body and its objective environment, of the functional states of its macroscopic systems and of the functional states of its microscopic systems, the structure of the systems and the behavior of its systems. It is pointed out in the philosophy of Marxism that there are three layers of knowledge, basic knowledge, technical knowledge, and practical knowledge. The guiding theory of somatic science is the system theory, which is the combination of the integration theory and the reduction theory, and is on the next higher plane. It conscientiously absorbs the philosophies and rationalities of Chinese medicine and the theories and “technologies of Western science to advance the study of somatic science. In 38 Approved For Release 2000/08/09 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000200040001-1
Approved For Release 2000/08/09 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000200040001-1 this manner, there are basic changes in the study of somatic science, and this will promote major developments in somatic science. BIBLIOGRAPHY 1. Qian Xuelin and others, NATURE MAGAZINE, 13, 1 19 90) 1 2. Chen Xin, SCIENCE OF AIR AND MAN, Sino-Japanese cooperative conference, (1988) 45 3. Qian Xuelin and others, ON SOMATIC SCIENCE, PLA Medical Publishing Agency, (1988), 147 4. Qian Xuelin and others, EXPLORATION IN NATURE, 4, (1983), 415 5. Qian Xuvelin and others, NATURE MAGAZINE, 4, 7(1988) 483 6. Yu Hefeng, SCIENCE OF AIR AND MAN, Sino-Japanese cooperative conference, (1988), 53 7. Mary F. Asterida, THE PHYSIOLOGY OF STRESS, Human Sciences Press, New York (1985) 8. Qian Xuelin, ON SOMATIC SCIENCE, PLA medical Publishing Agency, (1989) 297 9. Ibid, 282 10. Ibid, 248 11. Chen Xin and others, ON SOMATIC SCIENCE, PLA Medical Publishing Agency, (1989) 176 12. P.T. Sanders, AN INTRODUCTION TO CATASTROPHE THEORY, Cambridge University Press (1988) Translated into Chinese by Ling Fuhua, Shanghai Science and Technology Contributions Press 1983) 13. Qian Xuelin, ON SOMATIC SCIENCE, PLA Medical press, (1989) 10 14. (Japanese), Xiu Tianyong and others, PHYSIOLOGICAL RESEARCH METHODS, Medical Press (1975) 19 ACADEMIC SYMPOSIUM TO BE CONVENED BY COMMISSION ON SYSTEM THEORIES IN CHINESE MEDICINE The system theories of Chinese medicine are an important component of the modernization of Chinese medicine. It already has a certain foundation in China and has attracted a great deal of wide-spread attention. In order to promote development in the study of the system theories of Chinese medicine and to strengthen ties, the Special Commission on Chinese Medicine System Theories of the Chinese Society of Somatic Sciences is actively organizing.a conference and specialty symposium to be convened in Chengdu in the fall of 1990 to discuss the direction and special characteristics of the specialty of system theories in Chinese medicine and to study the system concepts in basic theory in Chinese medicine, especially the concept of man as an open, complex giant- : scale system. The contact unit for this conference is Staff Office, Chinese . Society of Somatic Sciences, Zhang Ruiyun, Post Office Box 5104, Beijing. i: Postal code is 100094. ‘ 39 Approved For Release 2000/08/09 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000200040001-1
Approved For Release 2000/08/09 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000200040001-1 RESEARCH INTO PARANORMAL ABILITY TO BREAK THROUGH Spatial BARRIERS BY: Song Kongzhi, Li Xianggao and Zhou Liangzhong SUBJECT WITH PARANORMAL ABILITIES: Zhang Raosheng (AEROSPACE MEDICINE ENGINEERING INSTITUTE) “ ti ABSTRACT This article uses strict scientific procedures, one of a kind test samples, videotape and high speed photography to demonstrate the objective existence of the paranormal ability of breaking through spatial barriers. It also shows the physical process of this ability. It demonstrates that through the function of the paranormal ability, the macrobody was able to pass through the wall of a container and be removed, but no visible damage to the wall of the container was detected. FORWARD: Breaking through spatial barriers is one type of paranormal ability. The characteristics of this ability is that the person with this paranormal ability is able to remove an object placed in advance in a sealed container without damaging the seal of the container or damaging the container itself. In China, Li Shuhuang, Zhang Chongqi! and eleven others discovered that persons with paranormal abilities were capable of removing such objects as Ms nuts, nails and bundles of matches from a sealed plastic 35 mm film canister. In the canister lid there was a 1.55 mm hole, but the lid was not opened. Following this, it was discovered by the All-China Paranormal Physical abilities Joint Testing Group? that persons with paranormal abilities were able to remove the target stationary paper from a sealed kraft paper envelope. 1 Lin Shuhuang, Zhang Chongqi and others, NATURE MAGAZINE, 4,9(1981) 652 2 Human Paranormal Abilities Joint Testing Group, RESEARCH IN HUMAN PARANORMAL ABILITIES, 1,1(1993)9 41 Approved For Release 2000/08/09 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000200040001-1
Approved For Release 2000/08/09 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000200040001-1 Then, Liu Shuhuang, Zhou Binghuang and 17 others? conducted special research testing on breaking through spatial barriers. They not only demonstrated that persons with paranormal abilities could extract stationery from sealed kraft paper envelopes, but they could also remove insects from glass tubes with sealed caps without any discernable effect on the life or actions of the insect. At the same time, in this experiment, they also conducted an experiment where the subjects removed a sponge which had been dipped in FeCls from a double layer sealed KCNS type paper bag without any visible change of coloring of the test paper. This research opened the way for research into ability to break through spatial barriers and provided a number of preliminary bases of a physical nature for this phenomenon. On the basis of these experiments, we believed it was necessary to use even stricter methods to conduct further proof of the reality of this ability and that we should observe the process of this breakthrough and the point of penetration in order to demonstrate whether or not there was penetration of the walls of a physical object. Therefore, the purpose of this experiment was: 1. To use a sample that once damaged could not be restored and to combine this with visual records to further demonstrate the reality of this ability. 2. To use larger and longer objects, and combine this with videotape and especially with high speed photography to observe just exactly where the three dimensional spatial barrier was broken through, and whether or not the penetration of the wall was achieved over a span of time. MATERIALS AND METHODS USED IN THE EXPERIMENT I. SAMPLES 1. In order to fully demonstrate the reality of the ability to break through spatial barriers, we designed the following two samples. A. TEST SAMPLE ONE: We used sealed transparent glass bottles. The pottles were four centimeters in diameter and 12 to 13 centimeters long. Inside these bottles we placed 30 medicine tablets which were colored either red, greed or purple. The tablets were 5.5 mm in diameter and three millimeters thick. Different ratios of the numbers of the different colored pills were placed in the different bottles. Each bottle was numbered individually. The numbers of each different colored tablets, the number of the sample, and the serial number of that sample bottle were all marked on the test 3 Lin Shuhuang, Zhou Binghui and others, RESEARCH IN HUMAN PARANORMAL ABILITIES, i, 3(1983)110 42 Approved For Release 2000/08/09 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000200040001-1
Approved For Release 2000/08/09 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000200040001-1 labels using a binary system. The tablets were first placed in the sample bottles and then the top of the bottle was heated and closed to a small slit. Even if the tablets were broken in half there is no way they could be poured out. The sample on the right in illustration one is a sample one. Illustration 1: To the right is sample one: the sample label gives the type number, the bottle number and the different colors of tablets. The bottle on the right I sample five, the label gives the type number and the bottle number B. TEST SAMPLE FOUR: We use exactly the same type of sealed transparent. test bottle as used in Sample one. However, inside were placed 15 plexiglass pieces which were red, yellow and green. The test pieces were 5 X 5 X 1.5 mm squares. The different test sample bottles contained different ratios of the different colored test pieces. Also, there was a Russian letter on each test piece. The fifteen letters formed three Russia words. Each color was a separate word. There was also a serial number on different places on the bottle indicating the serial number of the bottle. For example, four pieces of plexiglass had the Soviet letters S, 0, Dad A, meaning soda. On another location of S, O, D and A were added 1, 2, 3 and 4. Each test sample bottle held different ratios of the different colored pieces of plexiglass. The test pieces were first placed in the bottles, and the tops of the bottles were heated to form a slit. The test piece could not be pored out through this slit. The sample on the left of illustration one is sample four. Each sample was one of a kind, so it could not be duplicated. The glass containers could not be put back together if they were broken and the glass was transparent which allowed for better observation. 2. In order to observe just where the objects, that is the objects which were placed into the containers beforehand, broke through the space barrier, and to see what happened to the objects and the container wall when the barrier was penetrated, we designed the following samples. A. We used unopened CIWUJIA [exact translation unknown. Probably a Chinese over the counter medicine] and XIAOYANLIDANYAO [another over the 43 Approved For Release 2000/08/09 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000200040001-1
Approved For Release 2000/08/09 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000200040001 -1 counter medicine for reducing fever and to help the gallbladder] bottles. These two medicine bottles are both clear glass and have a cork stopper sealed with wax as well as a plastic screw-on lid. The tablets are disc shaped, one centimeter in diameter and 0.6 centimeter thick at most. The CIWUJIA tablets are yellow sugar coated tablets and the XIAOYANLIDANYAO are blue sugar coated tablets. EAch bottle contains 100 tablets. JIllustration two shows the CIWUJIA unopened bottle. Illustration 2: Unopened ciwujia bottle with 100 disc shaped yellow sugar coated tablets. The bottle is sealed wit cork sealed with wax and a plastic screw on lid. faa ane B. One-hundred milliliter dropper bottles of GAOSENGPUTAOTANG [high ginseng content glucose]. These were 100 ml dropper bottles of GAOSENGPUTAOTANG after clinical use. After they were washed clean, five types of capsules and tablets were placed inside the bottles. Three types of tablets were round, being one centimeter in diameter and 0.6 centimeters at the thickest. These included yellow, red, and light brown tablets all which were sugar coated. In addition there were two types of plastic cased capsules 1.5 centimeters long and 0.5 centimeters in diameter. One capsule was half red and half blue and the other capsule was all blue. There were ten of each type, 50 tablets and capsules in all. Then, the bottle was stopped wit a rubber stopper, and an aluminum cap was put on with a capper (see illustration three). Illustration 3: GAOSENGPUTAOTANG dropper bottle with fifty tablets and capsules of five different types inside. It is sealed with a rubber stopper and aluminum cap 44 Approved For Release 2000/08/09 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000200040001-1
Approved For Release 2000/08/09 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000200040001-1 C. TEST SAMPLE FIVE: The test samples were made by heating and forming clear glass tubes. These tubes were four centimeters in diameter and 20 to 25 centimeters long. The two ends were heated and closed, and three millimeter holes in the side indicated the model number and one millimeter holes in the side indicated the bottle number. Inside the tubes was placed two meter lengths of spiraled enamel insulated wire one millimeter in diameter, the spirals were one centimeter in diameter. One end of the wire was sealed into one end of the glass tube, and the other end was free but welded to an M8 nut (see illustration four). Illustration 4: Test sample five: clear glass tube containing two meters of t2 mm enamel coated wire, one end of the wire sealed in an end of the tube tes sas Stes = Keke hn gitar come SAR yy tee oh ot EAS Bess oe D. SAMPLE SIX: This sample was also made by heating and forming clear glass tubes. The tubes were the same size as those in sample five. The two ends were heated and closed. At one end there was a one millimeter hole. There were no holes on the sides of the tubes. Inside the tubes were a 1.5 meter length of shielded wire one millimeter in diameter. One end of the shielded wire was sealed up int the closed end of the test tube (see illustration five). Tllustration 5: Test tube 5: clear glass tube with 1.5 m length of shielded wire inside 45 Approved For Release 2000/08/09 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000200040001-1
Approved For Release 2000/08/09 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000200040001-1 E. a 500 ml clear glass dropper bottle with a packet of unexposed photograph paper inside. The packet of photograph paper was connected to a 30 em length of string and a label with "TRAC" written on. The bottle was sealed with a rubber stopper (see illustration six). Similar to this sample was a 500 ml clear glass dropper bottle with a FUJIAN tea bag inside as well as an iron tea strainer with a packet of unexposed photography paper inside. In the experiments using these two types of samples, in addition to ordinary videotaping, we also conducted high speed photography. Thigh sped photography was 200 frames per second, 400 frames per second and 1000 frames per second. Illustration 6: A 500 ml clear glass bottle with a packet of unexposed photography paper inside 1 2. PRINCIPLES OF THE EXPERIMENTS A. Close uninterrupted observation and video recording of the entire process of the experiments was required. B. The test samples were not given to the paranormal ability subjects prior to the experiment. The samples being tested were not allowed to be taken away. When the experiments were over, whether the experiments succeeded or not, the test samples were all collected and were properly stored. C. Prior to the experiment and during the experiment, a double blind was maintained for both the person administering the test and the person being tested for the coded test label for the sample. 46 Approved For Release 2000/08/09 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000200040001-1
Approved For Release 2000/08/09 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000200040001-1 3. PARANORMAL ABILITY SUBJECTS Subject Z with paranormal abilities, male, 26 years old. History of tuberculosis, presently completely recovered. Normal physical development. RESULTS OF THE EXPERIMENTS 1. A total of 50 experiments in the ability to break through of spatial obstacles were conducted. The results are condensed in table one. We can see that of the 50 experiments, 25 were successful, 17 were videotaped and high speed photography was used in six. TABLE 1: TABLE OF EXPERIMENTS a Practice runs Formal experiments Total Total number ~S~C*~s—“‘—S*”*”C*SC“‘s‘é‘CNONO#;”;”~C#«4®” CBO Successes 1 24 25 Number videotaped 17 17 Number photographed with high speed photography 6 6 Number of successful samples stored 0 21 2i respi a eT 2. EXPERIMENTS DEMONSTRATING VALIDITY SAMPLE ONE EXPERIMENTS: There were successful results with two bottles which were also videotaped. The results experiments the phenomenon of removal of because when the subject with paranormal are listed in table two. During both one half a tablet occurred. This was abilities was exercising his abilities and exerting energy to shake the bottles, the tablets were broken in two. It should be pointed out that even though they were broken in half, they were still 1.5 mm thick, and could not come out through the slot. Furthermore, the number of tablets outside the bottle added to the number of tablets inside the bottle equalled the number of tablets started with inside the bottle, that is, 30 tablets. The number of tablets of each color outside the bottle plus the number of each color tablet inside the bottle after the experiment. came to the corresponding number of each color prior to the experiment. There was no damage to the bottles. 47 Approved For Release 2000/08/09 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000200040001-1
Approved For Release 2000/08/09 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000200040001-1 TABLE 2: SUCCESSFUL RESULTS SAMPLE ONE EXPERIMENT Number of tablets Serial number Date the Red Green Purple Total experiment concluded 18 Originally 10 11 9 30 Nov. 16, 1983 Number removed 1.5 1.5 1 Originally 10 10 10 10 Number removed 1 2 0.5 3.5 Nov. 18, 1983 There were three experiments with sample five. The detailed results are shown in table three. We find from the table that five pieces, D, T, G, Y and T were removed from bottle one. From bottle four, three pieces, 0, E, and E were removed. From bottle eight, three pieces, D, 0 and L were removed. The test pieces removed were the same pieces found missing from the bottles after the experiment, matching the missing pieces’ number, color, letter and code. However, the glass bottle was not damaged. See illustration seven. 48 Approved For Release 2000/08/09 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000200040001-1
Approved For Release 2000/08/09 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000200040001-1 Tllustration 7: First from left is sample bottle one with 15 pieces of plexiglass. Second from left is same bottle but five pieces have been removed. Bottle still contains ten pieces. Third from left is sample bottle eight containing 15 pieces of plexiglass. ‘Fourth from left is the same bottle but three pieces have ben removed and the bottle still contains 12 pieces. In the experiment described above, the test pieces, coding and double blind as well as the samples, were not given to the subject prior to the experiment, therefore, the test samples could not be prepared beforehand. At the experiment location, the main person administering the test and other testing personnel continuously watched, and also the videotape methods eliminated the possibility of switching bottles. Furthermore, if the bottles were destroyed, it would be impossible to put them back together, eliminating the possibility of taking the container apart. The transparency of the glass ensured that the objects inside could be seen. Under the assurances of these conditions, the results described above completely proves the objects were actually removed from the bottle by the subject using paranormal abilities. This is the ability of breaking through spatial obstacles. | 49 Approved For Release 2000/08/09 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000200040001-1
Approved For Release 2000/08/09 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000200040001-1 TABLE THREE: SUCCESSFUL RESULTS OF EXPERIMENTS WITH SAMPLE FIVE Plexiglass pieces Serial No. of Date number Red Yellow Green pieces experiment completed 1. Letter and code 15 10 Dec 83 of piece removed 5 2. Letter and code 15 28 Dec 83 of piece femoved 3 3. Letter and code 15 30 Dec 83 of piece removed 3 3. OBSERVATION OF THE BREAK THROUGH POINTS A. The unopened tablet bottle experiment results are shown in table four. Some of the results of the videotaping are shown in illustration eight. These demonstrate that tablets were actually removed from the unopened bottle with its original seal without breaking the bottle. What is especially clear is the CIWUJIA medicine bottle experiment seen with high speed photography of 400 frames per second. (See photographs inside front cover) the photographs show this result. It is a group of continuous frames. In the first frame, there is no tablet visible outside the bottom or side of the glass. In the second frame, slightly outside the bottom of the glass, two-thirds of a tablet is sticking outside the glass. The tablet interfaced with the glass along the side of the bottom of the bottle which can be diagrammed as follow: ILLUSTRATION 10: DIAGRAM OF TABLET BREAKING THROUGH ‘ae woes em Frontal view Side view 50 Approved For Release 2000/08/09 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000200040001-1
Approved For Release 2000/08/09 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000200040001-1 TABLE FOUR: RESULTS OF SUCCESSFUL TABLET EXPERIMENTS A Nae of Seal Size of tablets Number in redicine unopened Nusber Number container removed remaining Date cospleted I CIRDITA Unopened original container, Disk shaped 10 ee 10) §2 29 Apr 84 cork stopper sealed with wax in diareter and and plastic scree on lid 6 wa thick XEAGYARL I- Griginal unopened container, Disk shaped, 10 an - 10 44 4 May 84 DANPIAN cork stopper sealed with wax in diameter and and plastic screr on lid. 6 ww thick FIVE A 100 wl high ginseng content Yellow, red and light 1 § 5 DIFERBERT glucose dropper bottle with brown tablets were 10mm 10 t § T7PRS MIXED a rubber and an alueinue cap. diaweter and six we thick; 10 3 7 TOGRTHER the blue and red/blue 7 May 84 gel capsules vere 15 an = 10 § 5 long and Sam in dianeter {0 2 8 a Frane three, this tablet is already three a from the bottom of the bottle. The tablet is one centimeter in diameter. Sinilar to this was the removal of unexposed photograph paper from the 500 nl dropper bottle and the removal of removal of unexposed photograph paper fron the iron tea leaf tube. The unexposed photograph paper was all unexposed. Illustration 11 shows the reaoval of unexposed photograph paper from a 500 nl bottle as captured on videotape. It is a continuous process, with each frane 40 milliseconds. Beginning with frame four, the photograph paper appears outside the bottle. In frare five it is half in and half out, and the 2.5 2% 3.5 cm flat packet is parallel to the surface of the table, cutting through the side of the bottle horizontally. In the sixth frame it is completely reaoved. This demonstrates the entire process of a solid object breaking through the wall of a container and shows the object half in and half out of the container. 51 Approved For Release 2000/08/09 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000200040001-1
Approved For Release 2000/08/09 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000200040001-1 Tllustration 11: Videotaped continuous process of removal of unexposed photograph paper through a 500 ml dropper bottle. Each frame is 40 ms. 4: This is fourth frame. Small portion of unexposed paper appears outside of glass ee Tea ogee 5: Fifth frame: half of unexposed 6: sixth frame: most of unexposed paper appears outside of glass. paper is outside of glass other half is inside the glass, darker portion above packet. The 2.5 x 3.5 Packet comes out flat. 52 Approved For Release 2000/08/09 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000200040001-1
Approved For Release 2000/08/09 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000200040001-1 7: Seventh frame: unexposed packet of paper already totally outside the glass The results of this group of experiments not only demonstrates that the break through point is the wall of the container, but that the break through of the obstacle occurs in a time sequence. B. RESULTS OF EXPERIMENTS WITH CONTINUOUS TARGET OBJECT SAMPLES The results of the experiments with samples 5 and 6 are shown in table 5. In the type of sample bottles used in samples six, there is only a lnm hole in one end of the bottle. The removal of the iron washer with its shielded wire from inside this bottle without damaging the original seal is unquestionably further proof of the reality of paranormal abilities. Fron the videotape of this experiment it can be seen that the process of the fingers pinching one end of the wire, causing the shielded wire inside the glass to follow the movements of the fingers outside the glass in a shearing motion. As shown in illustration 12, from frame two to frame seven are the continuous video tape results. The space between each picture are four frames. It is possible to see the subject with paranormal abilities pinch the end of the shielded wire between the thumb and forefinger of his right hand. As his fingers move twice, the shield wire inside the bottle appear to make the same movements. Interestingly, although it appears to be making a shearing motion horizontally against the wall of the container, it did not leave any mark on the wall of the container which is visible to the naked eye. This is similar to the tablet breaking through the medicine bottle. 53 Approved For Release 2000/08/09 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000200040001-1
Approved For Release 2000/08/09 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000200040001-1 Table 5 a Serial number Target object Results Record made Date completed a Sample V no.12 2mm diameter single Pulled out 2 Apr 84 strand enamel wire coil three sections Videotaped Sample 5 no.13 2 m diameter single Pulled out Videotape 10 May 84 strand enamel wire coil five sections and photograph Sample six A 1.5 mm single strand Pulled out shielded wire two sections Videotaped 25 Apr 84 Sample six B 1.5 mm single strand Pulled out four Videotaped 28 Apr 84 shielded wire with _ sections and one and photographed washer affixed to end washer. The wire inside broke into three sections I Illustration 12: Video taped results of the sample six experiment spacing between pictures is four frames 1: This is the sample bottle with the 1.5 M shielded wire inside 2: Frame one. Right thumb and Frame two: wire moves down in bottle forefinger pinching wire 54 Approved For Release 2000/08/09 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000200040001-1
Approved For Release 2000/08/09 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000200040001-1 4: Frame three: wire continues to 5: Frame four: wire continues to drop drop in bottle 6: Frame five: wire continues to drop 7: Frame six: wire is coiled up toward the left in the bottle DISCUSSION. 1. The question of the validity of paranormal ability to break through spatial barriers. We can see from the results described above that as one of the paranormal abilities, the ability to break through spatial barriers actually exists. The sample bottles type one and type four were glass which had been heated to form the mouth almost shut. If these bottles were broken, they could not be put back together, any breakage would be irreversible. Furthermore, each sample had a unique serial number and the target objects were of different colors, and there were different numbers of each different color. The target objects also had russian letters and codes as well as dots. Each sample had thorough video 55 Approved For Release 2000/08/09 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000200040001-1
Approved For Release 2000/08/09 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000200040001-1 taping equipment from all angles, ensuring their individual characteristics formed during heating. The information totalled together forms one of a kind samples. It would be impossible to copy these samples. In addition, prior to the experiment, the subject had no contact with the test samples and had no ~ ideal of the form or coding of the target objects. The test subject only came in contact with the samples at the experiment site. Therefore, first, copy of samples was impossible, so switching of containers became meaningless. Second, the glass bottles could not be broken. Third, the samples could not leave the testing site, and there was always someone watching the testing site, and at i there were video taping or high speed hotographing of the tests. Kiftiek Gen Oh itions, the hanber, color, serial. number and coding of tablets or plexiglass pieces on the experiment table exactly matched those in the sample bottles. This allows us to only reach one conclusion: that the tablets and pieces of plexiglass were passed through the walls of the container. Also, in the experiment with the sample six bottles, there was only a one mn smal] hole in one end of the glass bottle and the shielded wire in the bottle was one mm in diameter. This type of one mm shielded wire has many frays at the end (shielded wire is formed from braiding fine metal wires). Even if we used our hand to directly pinch this end of the wire so it would go through a hole the same size, it would be a difficult task. However, this wire was placed inside a glass tube, and there was a 7 mm iron washer there as well. Without breaking the glass bottle, three to five sections were removed and the washer appeared on the outside. The shielded wire on the inside was broken and there were several sections of sections of wire three to ten mm long and the washer was gone. Without a doubt this proves that the shielded wire and the washer passed through the wall] of the container to the outside of the container. However, the glass was not broken. Therefore, it cold only have been a type of paranormal ability that caused to be outside the glass. We should explain that this type of experiment had a high degree of one of a kind. Because of the thickness and length of the samples, the method of securing the wire inside, and the closing of both ends al had their own special characteristics that would be difficult to duplicate. Furthermore, the samples were very long and it would be difficult to switch them undetected. In addition, there were videotaping procedures, ensuring the strictness of the experiments. 2. CONCERNING THE POINT OF BREAKING THROUGH In these experiments, we can see fairly clearly the phenomenon of the target objects passing through the walls of the container. This phenomenon tells us: A. The breaking through point cannot be a hole in the container, a slit in the container or the edges of the seal but is directly through the wall of the container. In the experiments with clear glass containers and relatively smal] target objects, we can also see them become larger during the process of the target objects passing through. Also, in the experiments where the container and the transparent target object were all relatively large, we could 56 Approved For Release 2000/08/09 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000200040001-1
Approved For Release 2000/08/09 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000200040001-1 see the target objects being both inside and outside the container, the changes and the cutting through phenomena. B. The targets passed through the walls of the containers at different speeds. In the experiment with the CIWUJIA bottles, it took around 2.5 © milliseconds for two-thirds of a tablet one centimeter in diameter to pass through the wall of the container. The average speed was V = 7mm/2.5 ms = 2.8 meters per second. Assuming that. they passed through at a uniform speed, the speed would be at this level. Somewhat slower than the speed at which an athlete runs. The removal of the unexposed photographic paper packet from the 500 ml dropper bottle took more than 10 milliseconds, or a speed of 30 cm/second. For pulling shielded wire or enamel wire from a glass tube, the speed could be even slower, or stop for several seconds. Therefore, we can see from these experiments that the speed at which solid target objects pass through spatial barriers can he very slow, speeds slow enough to be followed by the human eye. However there were also changes. We reagon that often we are not able to see the processes because the walls are to thin. These are granular shaped target objects passing through thin walls ina number of milliseconds. High speed cameras or slow motion video cameras can show the visible time progression. This more clearly proves the objective reality of the paranormal ability of breaking through spatial] barriers. C. In the process of the experiments the walls of the containers have to have a slit, small hole or stopper for the experiment to succeed. The objects cannot be removed from a completely closed container. However, in these experiments we discovered that the point at which the objects pass through the spatial barrier is not at the slit, the hole or between the wall and the stopper, but is in the wall] of the container. What then, is the significance of the slit, hole or border between the stopper and the wall of the container? Is it a psychological requirement or a physical requirement? This is something that requires further study. CONCLUSIONS From the analysis of the video tapes and high speed photographs of 25 successful experiments in breaking through spatial barriers by a young subject with paranormal abilities, we have proved the existence of one type of paranormal ability - the ability to pass through spatial barriers, that the pas through point can be the wall of the container, and furthermore, that the passing through the walls occurs over a period of time. 57 Approved For Release 2000/08/09 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000200040001-1
Approved For Release 2000/08/09 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000200040001-1 APPRECIATION: During the process of these experiments we were aided by chairman Zhang Zhenhuan and comrade Qian Xuelin. We received guidance from Office Chief Chen Xin and Associate Professor Wang Xiubi. We were directly assisted by comrades Zhai Yanxiang, Jiang Gongzhi, Chen Zhiming, Liu Yuezi, Tian Huilai, Liu Min, Cheng Meiyu, Liu Hu, Li Chenxiang, Wei Yanfang and Yao Wenlan. We would like to show our appreciation to all these individuals here. 58 Approved For Release 2000/08/09 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000200040001-1
Approved For Release 2000/08/09 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000200040001-1 ILLUSTRATION SEVEN: PIEZOELECTRIC CERAMIC EXPERIMENT. THE "PARAPSYCHOLOGICAL WRITING" IS A HORIZONTAL LINE, BUT THE PIEZOELECTRIC PLATE DID NOT GIVE OFF ANY SIGNAL - EE A TT) AS T_T rr ———— —_———— ——————— a SS es RO ee _ SS A PSD CRE CS NOE De SS eS | SS NS SS SN SN Se DS TN NN EN Se ee ee = ee na re rs — ——— —— Se es ee ee ee ‘sn es ee See SE Ss SS —\— ee Pd es A ES Se | —— ‘SES ES SE a OS es ee Se ES ee ee ee eee TT A | 1 Ss eS ee ES | 1. Parapsychological writing 2. Piezoelectric ceramic signal DISCUSSION The results of the experiments with the mechanical balance, thermobalance and piezoelectric crystal are combined in table one. can reach the following conclusions. force" functioning in "parapsychological writing" or 2. 1. From these experiments we There is no observable “external If an “external force" is playing a role, then it occurs extremely quickly so the recorder or the balance does not have time enough to react. We used our hand and paper to test the experiment instruments maximum speed (about five mg over 0.1 second), and the instruments were always able to record or react to the stimulus. Therefore, if there actually is a “external force" at work in “parapsychological writing" it works over a time of less than 0.1 second. However, considering that prior to the subjects with parapsychological abilities completing the “parapsychological writing", they must still go through the process of "moving the pen" and "breaking through the spatial barrier", and it seems that the possibility is not very great that all these actions are not detectible or "recordable" because they happen too quickly. Therefore, we lean toward the conclusion that there is no “external force" at work in "parapsychological writing”. The actions "moving the pen", "breaking through spatial barriers" and "effortless writing" in the process of “parapsychological writing" cannot be explained using current knowledge. 64 We envisage that “wave and particle dualism Approved For Release 2000/08/09 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000200040001 -1
Approved For Release 2000/08/09 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000200040001-1 BIBLIOGRAPHY 1. The Joint Testing Group for Somatic Paranormal Functions, RESEARCH IN SOMATIC PARANORMAL FUNCTIONS (1983) 9 2. Song Kongzhi and others, JOURNAL OF CHINESE SOMATIC SCIENCE, First Issue, (1990), 22 3. Lin Shuhuang, Zhang Chongqi and others RESEARCH IN SOMATIC PARANORMAL FUNCTIONS, 1,3 (1983) 110 NOTE: Videotaping was provided by the Space Medical Engineering Institute. Pictures were shot by Zeng YongQun. 10 Approved For Release 2000/08/09 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000200040001-1
Lumaoait Approved For Release 2000/08/09 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000200040001-1 The editors-in-chief of this book, Comrades Zhu Runlong and Zhu Yiyi were the first scientific workers in china to organize and conduct somatic science experiments. Not only have they put their hearts into the development of somatic science in China and have an emotional investment in this enterprise, they also have a profound understanding of research in this area. Therefore, the editors notes they have written to proceed each chapter provides the reader with the background, position and significance of the chapter, undoubtedly making it easier for the reader to follow the developments in research into Chinese somatic science. This form of editor notes is also one of the distinguishing characteristics of this book. What we now have is the first volume of FOUNDING SOMATIC SCIENCE. However, we hope the second, third, and further volumes will quickly come out. We hope that this work which has already begun will become even more grand and glorious. 83 Approved For Release 2000/08/09 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000200040001-1
Approved For Release 2000/08/09 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000200040001-1 The older The Yunnan Chen Xin, standing delegates delegates vice president the Shanghai delegation The press Yang Longsheng Gong Lisan and Zhu Runlong announcing the conference Wu Wenwu conclusion of the symposium Panoramic view of the auditorium at the second all-China academic symposium of the Chinese Society for the Somatic Sciences 98 Approved For Release 2000/08/09 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000200040001-1