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(U)
Four of the sis participants each produced results that de-
parted significantly from chance expectation in assessment series
that
were formally judged by very strict criteria.
The other two produced
results in the assessment series that were also suggestive of paranormal
perception.
Overall, this result constitutes highly significant per-
formance
(p = 4 X 10"5
,
or odds
of one in 25,000 of such
a result occurring
by chance )
.
are including
in this
introduction one illustrative example
of an RV trial for a real-time San Francisco Bay Area outdoor target.
The viewer,
No.
372, who contributed this
data, produced a mixture
of
responses', some excellent and some noncorresponding,
in his two series
at
SRI.
Several of his descriptions were among the best obtained in the
program,
and his overall consistency in performance resulted in both of
his
individual series reaching statistical significance.
(U)
Current and proposed programs are directed at
training partici-
pants to bring their RV ability under more
conscious
control, and to
learn
to recognize and overcome the factors that
limit RV reliability.
These
limiting factors
center around .the genera^n of erroneous data by the
viewer from his memory and imagination.
An example
of
the successful
resolution of such noise
is
the
following.
(U)
The viewer was
closeted with an interviewer in the
laboratory
at SRI to await
the target team's arrival
at their destination.
The
target was the Stanford Art Museum on the Stanford campus
.
The viewer
made several tentative outline sketches of different shapes
that
he said
were "associated with the face of
a building."
Finally,
he made
a careful
perspective drawing of the building he was visualizing.
A photograph of
the target
is shown in Figure
1(a), and the viewer's drawing is shown for
comparison in Figure
1(b).
The viewer's narrative described the
face
of
the building as follows:
"There
is a white and black pattern,
a white
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FIGURE
STANFORD ART MUSEUM TARGET
(a), AND RESPONSE
(b), BY VIEWER 372
(U)
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(U)
and black striped pattern."
...
"It's
like an inverted rectangle, wit
square fastened to the back,
or a rectangle
laid down behind it."
"L
two buildings
in one.
One building."
"I have the sense that
there
i
dirt by the walls
.
.
.
. "
He went on to talk about trees
,
flowers
, and
bicycles, all of which can be found directly in front of the target
building.
B.
Task Summary
(U)
(U)
In the following we briefly summarize results
of the variou
perceptual tasks that were undertaken:
•
(u)
Bay Area Target Site Remote Viewing .
In the Phase One
activities
, six RV trials with local San Francisco Bay Area
sites
as targets were
carried out with each of the six
viewers.
In these six series,
four
of the viewers each
produced results
that were independently significant
(p < 0.05),
making the series
as
a whole strongly
significant
(p =
4 X 10-5
;
odds of one in 25,000).
•
(u)
Remote Viewing of 35-mm Slides
.
These trials
were
carried out under varying conditions for five
viewers in Phase Two.
One viewer, who generated
significant
results in Phase One,
was again independently
significant
in his description of distant
slides.
A
second viewer, also producing significant results
in
Phase One,
produced drawings
in Phase Two
that were
formally judged to have significant
correlations with
the slide targets, although his verbal
material did not.
A third viewer was asked to describe slides before they
were chosen,
that would be shown to him at
a
later time.
His
results were suggestive of success
(p
= 0.1)
but
not
statistically significant.
Similar trials with two other
viewers were also encouraging but nonsignificant.
Remote Viewing
in'
a
fiooivi
A viewer who was
successful
in the slide viewing trials also carried out
a
series using extended remote viewing,
in which he spent
more than an hour on each of six attempts
to describe
objects held in a
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m
judges evaluated this
it significant
(p = 0.05),
and one
just missed significance.
Alphabet Targets .
A viewer successful in both Bay Area
remote viewing and slide trials also participated in a
series
in which he attempted to describe alphabet
letters
in a distant
location.
This was
not a formal series,
since
the protocol, which was exploratory in nature, was
changed
several times during the series.
However,
the percentage
hits
result indicates that
the viewer was
in contact with
the target
letters
at
a rate higher than would be expected
by chance.
These data, taken in conjunction with data
generated on another program,
show promise that this ability
can be developed.
»
*
(U)
Correlated Responses .
In the
course of
the year's
work, .targets were repeated from time
to time as
a result
of random selection from a target
pool
of sixty,
in some
cases we obtained strikingly similar responses
(even when
incorrect)
from the different viewers who encountered these
repeated targets.
These responses also cori\lated well
with responses obtained from other viewers
over past
years
of research.
The observation of such a result indicates
the possibility that given target
stimuli trigger charac-
teristic responses, which could be tabulated in a "dictionary"
of site attributes.
' PB* Coordinate Remote Viewing
(CRV)
.
Three of the viewers
took part
in CRV exercises
in which they were asked
to
describe distant
locations anywhere on the globe, given
only the geographical coordinates of
latitude and
longitude.
This
is an ability that has
been well demonstrated by some
of our experienced participants, and similar encouraging
results were obtained
in these trialsI^^^HMHBMj^^H^u
One exercise which was sufficiently length^^ust^^^^
analysis was found to be statistically significant
at
f
p = 0.0083
(odds of one
in
120).
*
From these studies we find evidence that the SRI RV technolog'
is
transferable;
one of the
viewers
turned
in clearly superior
performances,
and three others
produced successful
(statistically signi:
cant) remote viewing at
a
level
to indicate useful information transfer,
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C.
Report Organization
(U)
(U)
In Section
III we describe the SRI RV protocols,
including
results from the past, and our expectations for the present program,
also discuss
the screening procedures used to select viewers and the
judging procedures used to evaluate the results
of the investigations
carried out
in the current program.
(U)
In Section
IV we describe the first phase of the study,
in
which we systematically carried out RV trials with the participants
to
obtain baseline data from each under similar experimental
conditions.
In Section V we present
the exploratory work carried out
in
Phase Two in an effort
to extend the repertoire
of RV tools available
personnel
.
(U)
Our conclusions and recommendations are presented in Section
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(U)
Multiphasic Personality Inventory
(MMPI), Edwards Personality Preference
Schedule
(EPPS),
Rorschach
Inkblot, Thematic Apperception Test
(TAT),
Halstead Category Test, Tactual Performance Test,
Speech Perception Test,
Seashore Rhythm Test, Finger Tapping Test,
Trail Making Test,
Knox Cube
Test,
Raven Progressive Matrices,
Verbal Concept Attainment Test,
Buschke
Memory Test,
Grooved Pegboard Tests, Gottschaldt Hidden-Figures Test,
and
the spatial relations subtest of the SRA Primary Mental Abilities Test.
The overall result of this testing was that
no
clear profile parameters
*
emerged on which an a priori screening procedure could be based.
e
ln contrast
to formal testing, however,
several years observati
viewers by SRI researchers
has
led to an informal guide based
o
subjective evaluation of
the personality traits
of successful viewers.
This rule-of-thumb guide
is based on the observation that successful remo
viewers
tend to be confident
,
outgoing, adventurous
,
broadly successful
individuals with some artistic bent.
With this
as a guide,
the sponsor
considered a population of 250 potential candidates
for the RV program.
Of these,
117 were interviewed, resulting
in a pool of 30-35 individuals
for potential active use in the program.
With regard to the
SRI orienta-
tion program,
ten of these were selected for interview by the
SRI
team,
of which six were chosen for active participation in the SRI program.
This
constitutes
the
level
of screening by profile.
(U)
In screening by performance,
a number of unselected or pre-
selected individuals are given a psychoenergetics
task
to perform.
Those
performing successfully are then said to
be screened by the
task,
and are
then graduated to further tasking.
(U)
H.
Puthoff and
R.
Targ,
"Perceptual Augmentation Techniques
(U),'
Final Report,
SRI Project 3183,
SRI
International,
Menlo Park,
CA
(December
1,
1975),
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at
In this study,
the six individuals pre-screened by interview
were then screened by performance on a six-trial RV series involving
local San Francisco Bay Area locations
as target
sites.
Four of
the six
participants produced results that individually were statistically sig-
nificant.
Since this overall result
is itself statistically significant
we take as evidence that
the interview selection
(screeniiig)
procedure
based on the SRI-supplied informal guidelines was
successful
, keeping in
mind that the sample
is too small to make an absolutely definitive
statement
.
^ Furthermore,
taking the initial six-trial series
as
a performance-
screening instilment, we found that the four high-performance individuals
in this
series continued to perform with good success
in additional
tasks,
while the two lower-performance individuals were also less successful
in
later tasks.
We consider this
to be an important finding.
(U)
From these overall results we conclude that pre-screening on
the basis of
interview, following the informal SRI guideline
criteria,
and screening by performance, using the SRI Standard RV Protocols, both
constitute basic screening tools
that
in this
program provided reliable
indicators of success
in psychoenergetic performance.
B.
Remote Viewing Protocols for the Description of Local
(San Francisco Bay Area) Target Sites
(U)
(U)
As
a result
of efforts over the
years
to develop an optimum
psychoenergetic task appropriate for screening and training,
we have
settled on a standard remote-viewing
(RV) procedure which
is
a refined
(Version of that described in our Proc.
IEEE paper.
The elements of the
(U)
H.
E.
Puthoff and
R.
Targ,
"A Perceptual Channel for Information
Transfer over Kilometer Distances:
Historical Perspective and Recent
Research,"
Proc.
IEEE,
Vol.
64,
pp. 329-354
(March 1976).
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(U)
protocol, each of which is addressed below,
consist of
(1) basic procedural
design;
(2) remote viewer/interviewer roles;
(3) target pool selection;
(4) target storage and access;
(5) remote viewer orientation;
(6) inter-
viewer behavior;
(7) target person behavior;
(8) post-experiment
feedback;
(9) evaluation procedure.
1.
Basic Procedural Design
(U)
(U)
As
carried out at SRI,
the general procedure
is
to
closet
the percipient, hereafter called the viewer, with an interviewer,
and at
a prearranged time to obtain from the viewer
a description of an undis-
closed, remote
site being visited by a target team,
one
of whose members
is known to the remote viewer and who thereby constitutes the target
or
"beacon" person.*
The target team is assigned their target location by
random entry into a list of targets
located within a 30-minute driving
time from SRI.
The target pool consists of sixty target locations chosen
from a target-rich environment.
The target location selected
is kept
blind to both the viewer and interviewer closeted at
SRI.
The protocol
is thus
of the double-blind type.
(U)
In detail:
At the beginning of
a trial,
a remote viewer
is
closeted with an interviewer in an isolated windowless room of the
Radio Physics Laboratory in the
SRI complex to await an agreed-upon start
time.
At the same time
a target person is
sent, without
communication
with the remote viewer or interviewer remaining
at
SRI,
to a target
location
somewhere in the San Francisco Bay Area
(~500 square km).
The target
is
^ (u)
The target person
is designated a "beacon
rather than a
sender
because the evidence to date points
to the remote viewer exhibiting an
independence of viewpoint and mobility at the target site which takes
the phenomenon beyond simply mind-to-mind information transfer.
unclassified
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determined by random-number access 'to a target pool of travelling orders
previously prepared by an experimental team
(not including interviewers)
and kept
locked in a secure safe.
The target pool consists of
60 target
locations
chosen from a target-rich environment.
(U)
During a predetermined viewing period of
15 minutes duration,
the remote viewer
is asked to render drawings and describe into a tape
recorder his impressions of the target site being visited by the outbound
target person.
The interviewer with the remote viewer
is kept ignorant
of the target and
is therefore free to question him to clarify his
descriptions without fear of cueing
(overt
or subliminal)
as to the
particular target.
(U)
When the target person returns to SRI following the remote
viewing period,
the subject
is then taken to the target site so that he
may obtain direct
feedback.
Following a series of such trials over
a
several-day period,
a formal blind judging procedure
(described below)
is used to evaluate the data and quantify the results.
*
(U)
There is, however,
a confounding factor that
needs
to be taken into
account.
Since general knowledge of the San Francisco Bay Area target
region on the part of the remote viewer and interviewer must
be taken as
a given, and since particular knowledge of the
contents
of the target
pool
is revealed as a series progresses, in evaluating the results
one
must take into account the possibility that any particular description
may be artifactually sharpened.
(Such sharpening can in principle in-
crease the apparent quality of the result only if there
is functional RV
to begin with;
it
cannot in the absence of RV produce an inflated result.)
This sharpening possibility in the presence of an already functioning RV
capability is handled in the statistical evaluation of the results by
conservatively assuming the worst at
the outset
,
and treating the series
as belonging to that
class
of studies
in which the elements of the target
pool are known a priori to both remote viewer and interviewer,
as
in
studies involving numbers or
cards as targets.
UNCLASSIFIED
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2.
Remote Viewer/Interviewer Roles
(U)
(U)
An important methodological aspect of the SRI RV protocols
is based on the fact that
the remote viewer/interviewer team constitutes
a single information gathering unit in which the remote viewer's role
is
designed to be that of perceiver/information source, and the interviewer's
role
is designed to be that of analytical control.
This division of
labor
is
designed to mirror the two
primary modes of cerebral functioning;
namely,
the nonanalytic cognitive
style
(related to brain function)
that predominates in spatial pattern
recognition and other holistic processing
(and is hypothesized
to pre-
dominate in psi
functioning),
and the analytical cognitive style
that
predominates
in verbal and other analytical
functioning.
(Only very
experienced remote viewers appear to have the ability to handle both
cognitive styles simultaneously.)
The interviewer role, removing as
it
does
the burden of analytical functioning during exercise of the RV faculty,
appears
to be
a key element
in generating
the
level of success required
|
in operational programs,
and we attribute
the success
of the SRI RV
jl
protocols
in large
part to this innovativ£ design which appears to provide
I
-3r
an appropriate match
to the required functioning.
H
3.
Target Pool Selection
(U)
(U)
Target
locations
in the San Francisco Bay Area are selected
by a team of
two Radio Physics Laboratory personnel who are
not
involved
(U)
See, e.g.,
J.
Ehrenwald,
"Cerebral Localization and the Psi Syndrome," I
J, of Nervous
and Mental Disease
,
Vol.
161,
No.
6,
pp.
393-398;
R. Ornstein*
The Nature
of Human Consciousness
,
San Francisco,
CA:
Freeman,
1973,
j|
Ch.
7 and
8;
and
R.
W.
Sperry,
"Cerebral Organization and Behavior,"
#
Science ,
Vol.
133,
pp.
1749-1757
(1961).
i
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(U)
in our view such
(novel) environmental factors would divert some of the
subject's much-needed attention.
6 #
Interviewer Behavior
(U
)
(U)
The interviewer arranges ahead of time to have pen and paper
available for drawing, and a tape recorder.
The room lighting is
somewhat
subdued to prevent after-image highlights,
shadows on eyelids,
etc.
(U)
When the agreed-upon RV trial time arrives
,
the interviewer
simply asks the remote viewer to "describe the impressions
that
come
to
mind with regard
to where the target person is."
The interviewer does
not
pressure the remote viewer to verbalize
continuously;
if he were
to,
the
remote
viewer'' might tend
to embroider descriptions
to please the interviewer
a well-known syndrome in behavioral studies of
this
type.
If the rem
viewer tends toward being analytical
("I see Macy's")
the interviewer
gently leads him into description,
not analysis.
('You don’t have to tell
me where
it
is,
just describe what
you s**")
This
is the most important
and difficult task of the interviewer,
but
is apparently necessary for
good results
, especially with inexperienced remote viewers
.
(U)
It
is also useful for
the interviewer to "surprise" the
remote viewer with new viewpoints.
("Go above
the scene and look down-
what
do you see?
If
you look to the
left, what
do you see?")
The remote
viewer's viewpoint appears
to shift rapidly with a question like
this,
and
the data come through before the viewer's
defenses activate
to block it
out.
WM
The interviewer role described here, applicable to the^gm^i
“n/s creening task at hand,
is appropriately modified
^H||H^B^an experienced remote viewer .
In the SRI
£Su^hTintervie»er
is typically more "muzzled"
in general,
il
not blind to the target,
supplying positive feedback at certain key points
for correct target-related responses
.
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The shifting of viewpoint also obviates the problem of the remote viewer
spending the entire session time giving meticulous detail on a relatively
trivial item,
such as
a flower, which, even if
correct, generally will be
of little use in assessing the session.
(Once a remote viewer feels he
sees something,
he tends to hang on to this perception rather than commit
himself
to a new viewpoint.)
It
is important
to recognize again that with
the division of
labor between remote viewer and interviewer it
is the
interviewer's
(not the remote viewer's) responsibility to see that
the
necessary information to permit discrimination among the range of target
possibilities
is generated,
the remote viewer's responsibility being
con-
fined to exercise of the RV faculty.
(U)
The remote viewer
is encouraged to sketch what he sees
,
even over his objections
that he
is not an artist,
can't sketch,
etc.
He may do so throughout,
or wait until the end of the session
if
inter-
mittent drawing would distract his
concentration.
Since drawings tend
to be more accurate than verbalizations,
this
is an extremely important
factor for good results
.
7 #
Target Person
("Beacon") Behavior
(U)
(U)
After obtaining a target
card in the manner described
earlier,
the target person proceeds
to the target site indicated.
(U)
He
is asked to come upon the target location at the starting
time
so that his view of
it
is fresh at the beginning of
the remote viewing
period.
He is to then simply pay attention to the environment as dictated
by instructions
on the target
card.
At the end of
the agreed-upon target
viewing time of
15 minutes the target person returns to the
lab.
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8.
Post-Experiment Feedback
(U)
(U)
When the target person returns, and after all the raw data
has been filed,
the interviewer, remote viewer, and target person proceed
directly to the target site for feedback.
This helps
to develop the
remote viewer’s sense of which aspects of his mental imaging process are
correct, which are incorrect.
This appears
to bring the RV trial to
closure for the remote viewer,
so that when he has
a following session,
his mind is
no longer involved with wondering how he did on the previous
one.
Only a very experienced subject
can function well time after time
without feedback,
so this
is done for each trial to optimize the potential
for success
.
9.
Evaluation Procedure
(U)
(U)
In a sense,
the most
critical part
of the standard remote-
viewing procedure
is the evaluation procedure.
Any single experiment
in
remote viewing,
even if perfect, could in principle be dismissed as
possibly a
coincidence.
Further, any result
less than perfect might be
called into question as
a generalized "grass
is
green, sky is blue
transcript that fits every target.
Strictly speaking,
only blind differ-
ential discrimination of transcripts across
a series
of targets
can provide
a basis
to discriminate between these dismissals and the RV interpretation,
although, as we shall see
later,
certain post hoc transcript-by-transcript
evaluation procedures are found to correlate well with blind differential
matching procedures.
(U)
To obtain a numerical evaluation of the accuracy of
a
standard six-trial remote viewing series with
a given remote viewer,
the
results are subjected to judging on a blind basis by an SRI research
analyst not otherwise associated with the series he
is
to judge.
To be
specific,
two project personnel acted as interviewers
(R.
T.
and H.
P.),
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(U)
and two others «.
M. and B.
H.) interchanged rotes on alternate senes
as target person and blind judge.
When acting as
a
judge lor a given
series,
that individual was isolated from the viewer and others involve
in the series
so as to prevent contamination.
«,)
in preparation for
judging,
the remote viewer's tapes
are
transcribed.
The resulting transcripts are then edited only to the extent
of deleting information which might act as artifactual cues to a
judge,
such as references to other targets, or phrases which might indicate the
temporal order of the transcripts.
(U)
The transcripts
(including associated drawings) and target
eards, each arranged in their own random order different from the order
of target usage, are then turned over to the judge.
Ihe
judge
is instructs
to visit the target locations on the basis of the target card instructions,
j
n
^-F
i
to worst
match),
each
of
and to blind rank order,
on a scale of
1-6
(best
j
+
the six target sites, generating
a
j
the six transcripts against each
of the
6X6 matrix.
4-
4-1.4 c
+ncv
the
iudge must assess
(U)
In order to carry out
this
task,
rne
ju
b
quantitatively the degree of correspondence between a given transcript
,
and target.
We have recently developed a
concept analysis procedure that
,
provides
for just such detailed comparisons.
In this
new procedure, we
J
begin by analysing each transcript for its specific content.
To accomplis
this, the transcript
is divided into a list
of specific concepts, where
a
l/UX aj
,
"
.
concept may consist of a single word or phrase from the transcript
e.g.,
"red"),
or a single word or phrase that summarises a lengthy idea
(e.g.,
"shady").
A list
of concepts
is made for each transcript in a series to
be judged.
The analysis proceeds by having the Judge, who
is blind
which transcripts actually match which targets, stand at the first
target
location on his target
list, and for each transcript make an assessment,
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(U)
concept by concept,
on a rating scale of
0 to
10.
A rating of zero
implies no correspondence whatever between that particular concept and
the target
site
in question, and a 10 implies
complete correspondence.
Intermediate
scores are given in proportion to the extent of
the
corres-
pondence.
Having done this for each of the
concepts,, one by one,
in the
first transcript,
the
judge repeats the assessment
as independently as
possible for all the
concepts
in all of the remaining transcripts.
He
then proceeds
to the next target site on the
list and repeats
the concept
assessment
for all of the transcripts
as applied to that
site.
Having
finished all the travel sites
in this manner,
the
judge computes the
average rating score for all concepts
in each transcript matched against
each target
.
When there are six trials
in the series
, there are 36 such
averages
.
(U)
In a second step of the
judging procedure,
the
judge
displays his results
in a matrix with targets displayed as
rows
and
transcripts displayed as columns.
An example from an actual experiment
(Viewer 690)
is
shown in Table
1.
At this point
in the analysis, the
judge submits his results.
(U)
A precise measure of the statistical significance
of the
matrix of target/transcript relations
is given by a direct-count-of-
permutations method of great generality.
It
is an exact
calculation
method requiring
no approximations such as normality assumptions.
Furthermore,
the judging process that went into generating the matrix
is
not required to be independent transcript-to-transcript nor target-to-
target.
Finally, the statistical evaluation procedure
is general enough
that,
in addition to being applicable to the blind rank order procedure
*(U)
C.
Scott,
"On the Evaluation of Verbal Material in Parapsychology:
A Discussion of Dr.
Pratt's monograph,"
Jour .
Soc .
Psych .
Res
.
,
Vol.
No.
752,
pp.
79-90
(June
1972).
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The significance level for the experiment
is then determined
by counting the number of possible matrices that would yield a result
(diagonal sum) equal to or better
(i.e.,
lower sum of ranks in the rank-
order case, higher sum of scores
in the correspondence-rating case,
etc.)
than that obtained for the matrix corresponding to the key, and dividing
by n)
This ratio gives
the probability of obtaining by chance a result
equal to or better than that obtained in the actual Judging process.
For the results shown in Table
1 we find,
by direct computer
count of the
matrices obtained by interchanging columns,
that
the probability of
obtaining equal or better matching by chance
is
p =
1 /6
:
= 0.0013.
(IT)
This statistical procedure, in use for more than two
decades by many researchers, was specifically designed to handle narrative
material of
the remote viewing type, and it
cannot be stressed enough that
it
is
constructed sufficiently conservatively so as
to apply even in the
limiting case in which the target pool is completely known a priori
to
involved,
thus handling any possible contamination due
to remote
viewer guessing or interviewer cueing in protocols of the type used in
the SRI RV procedure
.
<U)
As an overall calibration of
the remote viewing process
against which specific examples
can be gauged, we
can take as a background
data base the lengthy collection of 51 remote viewing trials collected
over
a several-year period with nine viewers, and published in Reference
.
in these trials, viewers were targeted on
local targets
(bridges, swimming
pools,
theaters, airports,
computers, machine shops,
etc.) within a 20-k„
range of SRI.
The quality of the results was such that the
judges, who
bad to determine in
a blind fashion which viewer-generated data packages
(tape transcripts and drawings) were associated with which target
sites,
were able to blind match transcripts
to targets
in first place
in roughly
half the cases, an exceptionally significant result.
As will
be shown
similar results
(in fact,
somewhat better) were obtained in this program
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IV
ORIENTATION PROGRAM—PHASE ONE
(U)
In this section we describe the six remote viewing series
carried
out with each of the^^^H volunteers.
All series have been
assessed as
to the amount of remote viewing exhibited in each.
Four
of
these series were found,
by blind judging,
to depart significantly from
chance expectation.
Finding four such significant series,
in a group
of six,
is sufficient
to make the group as
a whole statistically signifi-
cant
(p = 4 X.10"5 ).
A description of each trial in each of
the series
will be presented below.
A.
Remote Viewing of Local Target
Sites
(U)
M
During the months of May,
June, and July,
si* one-weekromote
vle»ire series were conducted,
one week with each of the ai*|^|| Par-
ticipants.
These series were
carried out at the
rate of two series
per
month.
The purpose of these
initial training activities was
to obtain
baseline data on each of
the participants taking part
in a uniform series
of trials, and to provide a basis
for later evaluation and comparison of
their performance
in more diverse tasks
.
(U)
The six remote viewing sessions
for each participant were
ducted at
a rate of one per day,
except
for Thursdays, when there were
two sessions.
The project directors
divided the interviewing tasks, with
.
*
-fi rst four trials
. and HP acting
as
RT remaining with the viewer for the first lour xriax
,
interviewer for the
last two,
in every case.
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—
B.
Summary of
the Six Series
(U)
WKm The following summarizes
our impressions
of the thirty-six remote
?
f
viewing trials
carried out in our
laboratory, May through July
1979,
"
by the six
participants
,
(U)
In order to present a coherent assessment of the sessions in
this summary,
we rate each session individually by a measure we
call
Accuracy Rating.
This
is
our evaluation as
to the correspondences between
viewer-generated transcripts and the intended target
site.
This assess-
ment
is carried out on a post hoc basis with knowledge of
the target site,
and so
is not intended to be the equivalent of
"blind judging."
Its
utility
is, that
it provides
a relative measure from our standpoint
as
to
the success
of
the various participants.
We rate each transcript on a
0 to
7 scale, with a
0 for no correspondence, and
a
7 for a transcript
that shows excellent correspondence with essentially no incorrect infor-
mation,
and including good analytical detail
(for example,
naming the
target by name).
The scale
is shown in Table
2.
Again,
the
0 to
7 rating
is
not
a blind measure of the level of RV functioning,
but rather a
procedure for comparing the relative performance of
the participants.
As
we see
later, however,
the correlation or agreement between our Accuracy
Rating system and the results of formal blind judging
is
high.
1.
Viewer
No.
155
(U)
^
Target
1;
White Plaza at Stanford University .
This
trial
was
the first
in
the overall group of thirty-six,
and also was
in our
opinion
(and that of
the
blind judge)
one
of the very best
in the series
of six with this
remote viewer.
The viewer correctly identified
the main
feature of
the site as
being
a plaza with a fountain.
He also had a tall
column dominating
the scene, which could be a match to Hoover Tower,
a
looming structure
nearby.
Additionally described were
a series
of arches,
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Table
(U)
0-7 POINT ACCURACY RATING SCALE
FOR TARGET/TRANSCRIPT CORRESPONDENCE
(U)
7 = Excellent
correspondence, including good analytical detail
(e.g.,
nam i ng the site by name), and with essentially no incorrect
information.
6 = Good correspondence with good analytical information
(e.g.,
naming
the function), and relatively little incorrect information.
5 = Good correspondence with unambiguous unique matchable elements,
but some incorrect information.
4 = Good correspondence with several matchable elements intermixed
with incorrect information.
= Mixture
of
correct and incorrect elements
,
but enough of the
former to indicate viewer has
made- contact with the site.
2 = Some correct elements
, but not sufficient to suggest
results
beyond chance expectation.
1 = Little correspondence.
0 = No correspondence
.
(U)
which are a recurring feature in the buildings
surrounding the courtyard.
Accuracy Rating =
5.
(U)
Target
2:
Stanford Art Museum.
The viewer did not
describe this
large Greek-columned building at
all.
He did, however,
mention nearby features,
such as arches and red-tiled roofs,
and indicated
that he felt that
it was again a "Stanford type” of
target.
Accuracy
Rating =3.
(U)
Target
3:
Fire Circle .
Among other things,
the viewer
correctly described a circular depressed area, with descending steps,
a
squared-off far end, and something in the
center.
These features are
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descriptive of the target.
However,
the viewer also described and drew
two other fairly coherent scenes that did not pertain to the target
.
Consequently the
judge who eventually evaluated this
series
in the blind,
ranked this transcript in fifth place,
out of six, because of
its
corre-
spondences to other targets.
The viewer also accurately perceived the
beacon's activities
at the target by stating that,
"...
he was
involved
in the movement
somehow.
He was on or thinking about
something that
moves
goes around in a
circle.
It seems to be a circular thing.
Because
I
was getting the feeling of vertigo
"
The beacon stated in his
notes
regarding his
activities
at the target that he
"...
circulate (d)
the
,
fountain
..." and "...
did a sort of
Indian whooping dance as
I
jumped
.
around the thing
...."
Simply rating
the transcript and drawings
to the
actual target,
our assessment was Accuracy Rating = 3.
(U)
Target
:
Logo .
This target
is
a
6 ft X
ft orange
metal sculpture on the grass
lawn of a chemical company.
It
is symbolic
chain molecule,
consisting of four
large diamond shapes
connected together
The viewer did not describe anything that pertained to the target.
His
main features were of
a gazebo structure.
Accuracy Rating =
0.
(U)
Target
5:
Valombrosa Conference Center
.
The main feature
of his description was
a fan shaped structure,
somewhat matching the roof
design of the principle element
of the target.
He pictured
it
as an
"arched cave with bars," which led
to the blind judge incorrectly matching
it
to the pedestrian overpass.
Accuracy Rating =2.
(U)
Target
6:
Pedestrian Overpass
.
The viewer's
initial
,
description was
of
a "lacey arch," which is
a very apt summary of this
wire and pipe structure.
He went on to describe his
"confined feeling.
,
His description then became that of a "narrow alley" and what sounded
like
a village scene with stucco buildings.
His fourth drawing was
a reasonable
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j
(U)
Target 2:
Varsity Theatre Arcade
.
The target is
the
j
entry to a motion picture theatre
.
From the street one sees
a double
j
colonnade running from the street
to the theatre entry.
To the left and
J
right are stucco walls with movie posters behind glass, and down the
j
center
is a row of striped umbrellas.
The viewer described a tunnel-like
|
structure, receding away from him,
and masonry walls, with bright reflec-
j
tions
,
all relatively apropos.
He also drew and described a kiosk struc-
j
ture with a striped coolie-hat top, which bore no resemblance to anything
j
at the target site during the viewing period..
When the viewer was taken
J
to the site for feedback following the session,
however,
it was found that
J
umbrellas matching the striped coolie-hat top had been set up,
indicating
j
the possibility of contamination from future remote viewing
(FRV)
of
feedback.
Additional evidence along these
lines
is supplied by the results
I
of the following session.
j
(U)
In general,
in this session the drawings were more applicable
.1
than the transcript.
Accuracy Rating =5.
(U)
Target
3:
Glass Slipper Motel
.
This
target
is
a motel
on El Camino Real.
The
facade
is
a representation of a fairy tale
castle.
,
The viewer didn't describe anything
like the target,
although he did give
a
detailed and coherent description of
a place that he visualized.
One
of the consistent items
in the viewer's transcript was
his reference to
,
big shade trees
, an arbor-like effect
, and horizontal yellow and orange
bands
of
cloth, supported on wires to make
a horizontal awning.
Accuracy
Rating =0.
(U)
Of some interest, however,
is
the fact
that after taking
the viewer to the target site, and confirming that
it
did not particularly
match his description,
the interviewer suggested that they have
lunch at
j
a new restaurant
that had just opened up,
several miles away.
The restau-
i
rant visited had all the features described above.
Neither the viewer nor
j
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(U)
the interviewer had ever seen this,
or any similar place before,
so one
can speculate that the viewer may have experienced FRV overlay from this
site.
(U)
Target
4;
Wallbangers Racquet Ball Court
.
The target
building
is situated in relatively open country,
immediately adjacent to
a pond with three fountain spouts
in it.
The outbound team initially
parked in front
of
this pond,
but
then moved the car around to the side
of
the building because they were concerned that spending any time near
the fountain might tend
to focus the viewer’s attention on this element,
rather than on the racquetball
club interior.
(U)
The viewer described two main elements;
a body of water
with two or three fountains
in
it,
and a balcony looking down on a geo-
metrical pattern of some sort.
The viewer provided a coherent description
of the outbound team's activities with regard to their stay on the balcony.
However,
he described the scene outdoors
containing the fountain,
as
if
it were visible from the balconey
(which it
is
not), apparently super-
imposing the interior/exterior aspects.
Accuracy Rating = 4.
(U)
Target
5:
Airport Tower .
The target was the
control tower
at a small
local airport
(Palo Alto Airport).
Upon arrival at the airport,
the target team drove down a short road,
passing a tall, metal-braced
beacon tower at the entrance, and parking by the smaller,
stone control
tower.
The viewer gave first
a description that appears
to pertain to the
beacon tower at
the entrance
to the Palo Alto Airport, and then appears
to have shifted to the control tower
(the actual target)
a quarter mile
away.
(U)
The viewer made
a careful sketch of
a tall metal tower
with diagonal bracing.
He called
it
a mast, with a "plane" at
the bottom.
When the interviewer asked him about
the plane,
the viewer said
it was
a
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"jack plane"
of the type carpenters use to finish woodwork.
(This
type
of symbolism—there were airplanes near the tower— is often seen in
remote viewing transcripts.)
The viewer then drew and described
a globe-
and-clouds emblem
(FAA symbol) which is on the stone tower door,
and was
studied by the target team at the
site.
(U)
Figure 2(a)
shows
a photograph of the beacon tower,
and
Figure 2(b)
the viewer's initial response.
The first paragraph of his
comments includes the following:
"At first
I thought
it was
a ladder
going vertical
...
it slowly changed like
it was
a lattice TV tower.
It
appears
to have three verticals, with diagonals and cross
bars.
I can't
see the top of
it,
but logic tells me that it would have an antenna;
but
I see a bell shaped structure instead."
This narrative shows
a viewer
successfully overcoming his analytical prejudice
in favor of his actual
pictorial images.
(U)
Although the control tower rather than the beacon tower
was the actual target as
far as
the outbound team was concerned, we
interpret this result
as indicating that once in the vicinity of the
target
at the Palo Alto airport,
the taller beacon tower caught
the remote
viewer's attention.
We assigned this session an Accuracy Rating
=
6,
the
highest of the thirty-six trials in this introductory orientation series.
(U )
Target
6:
SRI Shielded Room .
The viewer had a repeating
view of an outdoor,
turning disk, which condensed for him into a drawing
greatly resembling a merry-go-round at a nearby park,
a well known target
described in our published work.
Little of
this description resembled
the actual target.
Accuracy Rating =0.
Because of the variability of this viewer's results,
the
blind judging result was nonsignificant.
In spite of two zero scores
,
however,
this viewer was fourth place among the six participants with
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FIGURE
BEACON
TOWER
IN
VICINITY
OF
CONTROL
TOWER
TARGET
AT
PALO
ALTO
AIRPORT
(a),
AND
RESPONSE
BY
VIEWER
No.
292
(b)
(U)
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(U)
regard to accuracy ratings
(his sum of Accuracy Ratings was
18).
The
nonsignificant blind judging result may somewhat underrate his ability
(which is highly variable) to do remote viewing;
we found his descriptions
of the small waterfall,
the Varsity Theatre entrance,
the airport beacon
tower,
and the apparent FRV contamination taken together to indicate RV
potential not yet under good control.
.
Viewer No.
372
(U )
,
(U)
Target
1:
Stanford Art Museum .
The viewer described
a
stone building with a higher central
part,, and two wings,
one on either
side.
He then drew the building in a careful pen and ink sketch which
.
strongly resembles
the target
(see Figure
1,
Section
II earlier).
However,,
there are several other
less
carefully executed sketches on the same page,
and on other pages,
including sketches suggesting tombstones, which
resulted in this transcript being ranked first place match to a cemetery.
'
The transcript itself had many elements that pertained to items
in the
.]
museum entry, however,
including column design.
The
judge gave
this
a
j
second place rank out
of six.
Accuracy Rating
—
4.
jj
i
(U)
Target
:
Baylands Nature Preserve .
For reasons
yet
to
j
be determined,
this
is the target that in our seven years work is most
|
often described excellently,
and in a somewhat
characteristic manner.
The
j
main feature at
this botanical garden at
the San Francisco Bay is
a wooden
j
walkway from the shore to an observation platform a quarter of
a mile away
j
in the salt marsh.
This walkway is
crossed at right angles by a similar
one that follows
a row of high-voltage transmission towers.
Almost every
j
viewer who has had this target has
described a "large
cross on the
ground."!
This viewer was
no exception.
He also characterized it
as an outdoor site
j
with no other buildings.
Accuracy Rating =5.
j
j
.j
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