a“ Approved For Release 2000/08/07 : CIA-RDP96-00788R001300350001-0 I INTRODUCTION The study of perception of information despite shielding of all known sensory channels would be greatly aided if a paradigm could be devised that used a physiological response as the major dependent variable. Such a paradigm would have the advantage of not requiring verbal report or even requiring the subject's awareness of the perception. Effects of remote stimulation might be too weak to enter a subject's awareness but nevertheless be detectable as a change in some phystologi- cal index, such as the EEG. This is the case with conventional sub- liminal sensory stimulation and scalp evoked potentials. Filtering responses to remote perception through conscious aware-~- ness must add variability to such phenomena, Removing this variabllity might allow the study of remote perception in a wider sample of subjects, because weaker effects may be widespread in unselected subjects, while only unusual or "psychic" subjects may be sufficiently sensitive for the remote stimulation to enter awareness. Therefore a demonstration of a reliable EEG effect would have far-reaching implications. A paradigm that might measure EEG response to remote stimulation was devised by Drs. C. Rebert and A. Turner in cooperation with Dr. H. Puthoff and R. Targ of Stanford Research Institute. After screening six potential subjects, they identified one who seemed to produce reli- able results and showed a highly monochromatic occipital EEG spectrum, When normal subjects are stimulated with a flashing light, their EEG normally shows a decrease in the power of the alpha rhythm and a driving at the frequency of the flashes (Hill and Parr, 1963). The SRI group hypothesized that if they stimulated one subject in this manner (a sender), the EEG of another subject in a remote room with no flash present (a receiver) might show a decrease in alpha activity, and possibly EEG driving similar to that of the sender. The SRI group showed a significant decrease of occipital alpha power in this single subject compared with control trials, in which the light did not flash (Targ and Puthoff, 1974). 16 Approved For Release 2000/08/07 : CIA-RDP96-00788R001300350001-0
Approved For Release 2000/08/07 : CIA-RDP96-00788R001300350001-0 We attempted to replicate their finding and to refine the technique. This was done, first by reanalyzing data tapes of their results; second, by attempting to replicate their results in our laboratory using the same subject; and finally by attempting to isolate the variables necessary to produce the phenomenon at will. We particularly examined whether it was necessary to have an observer (sender) present with the light flash stimulus and whether it was helpful to have the subject guess whether the light was flashing or not. In our second (final) experiment, we also took extreme precautions that all procedures were double-blinded, and that all previously measured electrode sites were included. II REANALYSIS OF PREVIOUS DATA We played the EEG tapes of Hella Hammid, gathered by Dr. Rebert of SRI, through our hard-wired alpha analysis system. The results of this reanalysis are provided in Table 1, They show power means at Oz in the null condition (no flash, 0 Hz) during the second 4-s epoch at t = 2.08, p< 0,05, df= 119. This reanalysis confirmed the published effect and also ensured the compatibility of our systems. This system was used in all of the experiments as well as in the reanalysis of the SRI data. The specifications and logic of our analyzer system are given below. The amplified EEG signals are taken from the amplifier outputs and lead to the alpha EEG filters. Up to six channels can be accommodated. The filters were built by Kinetic Technology, Inc., of Mountain View, California, to high specifications: Corner frequencies 9.0 and 12.0 Hz, 48 dB down at 8.0 and 13,0 Hz with rejection over the rest of the stop- band greater than 30 dB, and pass-band ripple less than 0.2 dB p-p. The filters also had a 30-to-60-mV de offset. Therefore, a high-pass filter with f = 8 Hz was designed that blocked the de offset and satisfactorily attenuated the delta contamination, comparing adequately with alpha data generated by a fast-Fourier-transform program on our computer. Alpha levels at the filter output are usually less than 400 mV. Operational amplifiers invert and amplify the filtered alpha (gain = 50) to provide 17 Approved For Release 2000/08/07 : CIA-RDP96-00788R001300350001-0
Approved For Release 2000/08/07 : CIA-RDP96-00788R001300350001-0 Table l REANALYSIS OF DR. REBERT'S TAPES PLAYED THROUGH THE LANGLEY PORTER EEG ALPHA ANALYZER-- FEBRUARY 2 THROUGH 6, 1976 Analysis of Variance with Repeated Measures Treatment Session x0 Hz N x16 Hz N 1:1 578 12 490 11 3:1 465 12 397 1l 2:1 553 12 466 12 2:3 232 12 174 15 2:4 308 12 236 12 Mean: 427.2 340.8 Results of t-Test Langley Porter: t 2,08, df SRI: t = 2,09, df 119 118 p < 0.05 optimum (near maximum) input to the squared circuits, The alpha signals are squared by analog multipliers (Analog Devices #533K) to yield instan- taneous power, an approximation to the FFT computation, The transfer function is x/10, with a maximum of +10 V input yielding +10 V output. After this stage, the signal processing is commanded by a microprogrammed controller, hard-wired in TTL logic, except for read-only memories (ROMs) that control formatting in the digital printer, A master clock is synchronized with the power line (60 Hz). When the experimenter is ready to begin data acquisition, he selects the summation time (1 to 99 s) with a two-digit thumbwheel switch and pushes the START button, In our experiment, two 4-s intervals were chosen, The START function resets the summing integrators, commands the 18 Approved For Release 2000/08/07 : CIA-RDP96-00788R001300350001-0
Approved For Release 2000/08/07 : CIA-RDP96-00788R001300350001-0 printer to print a line of special characters signifying the beginning of the record, delivers a 50-ms pulse to the polygraph marker channel, and connects the outputs of the six squaring units to the integrators. Switching is handled by reed relays for lower leakage. Solid-state switching devices were used initially, but leakage currents ao? A) were too high for the accuracy and stability required. The integrators make use of low-loss polystyrene capacitors, and FET-input amplifiers with ultra low (5 x 10712 A) input offset current, This design makes it possible to use long summing intervals or interrupts with a drift error of no more than 1%. After the summation time has elapsed, the outputs of the six summing integrators are sequentially connected to the analog-to-digital converter (ADC) by the analog multiplexer. When each conversion is finished (10 bits BCD) the data is parallel loaded into shift registers. The shift regis- ters are then clocked by the controller to send the data in digit serial form to the printer, This being completed, the next integrator is con- nected to the ADC and the process repeats, This continues until all six integrators have been read and the summed power of each EEG lead is printed, The digital printer is a MC4000 Monroe Datalog. A fiberoptic cathode ray tube exposes light-sensitive paper quickly and (most import for our research) silently. All standard alphanumeric characters are printable, Next, the controller commands a line feed from the printer. The second line of data for this sample consists of the log ratios of pairs of integrators representing homologous pairs of brain electrodes, The log of the ratio rather than the ratio is desired because it is linear around zero--e.g., a ratio of 2/1 = 1/2 = +0.301. The analog multiplexer is then commanded to connect the first two integrators to the two inputs of the log ratio module, Its output is an analog voltage representing the log ratio of the two channels to a 10-bit BCD number, The printing process is the same with the addition of a polarity bit indicating which hemisphere has a higher output for the task. 19 Approved For Release 2000/08/07 : CIA-RDP96-00788R001300350001-0
a a aaa Approved For Release 2000/08/07 : CIA-RDP96-00788R001300350001-0 The process is repeated for computation of log ratios of the other two pairs of integrators. After the last data are printed, the controller resets the integrators, then reconnects the squaring units to their inte-~ grators, One count is added to the trial display register, which tells the experimenter at a glance how many epochs have been collected. The digitizing, computation, and printout takes 2 s, primarily due to the switching speed of the relays. III FIRST EXPERIMENT AT LANGLEY PORTER: ATTEMPTED REPLICATION OF SRI STUDY A. Method l. Subject The first experiment was conducted with a single subject, Hella Hammid, who had been selected from an initial group of four female and two male subjects tested by the SRI group. She was selected because she had had the most consistent positive results in their study. 2. Setting and Procedure The first experiment was conducted in our EEG laboratory at Langley Porter Institute. The setting is diagrammed in Figure 2 in Part One of this report. The "sender" sat before the photic stimulator in a divided room separated by a curtain from the logic, equipment, and monitors. The number of people in the room with the stimulator and the "sender" varied from one to three. Noise from the street and hallway also varied. The “receiver' sat upright in an isolated sound-attenuated darkened metal chamber located in a laboratory adjacent to the room in which the sender was located. The "receiver" (subject) made no overt responses for Set l, but was required to press a button to indicate her guess of trial type about 12 s after the warning tone for Set 2. The subject was familiar with the nature of the experiment, and was not formally instructed for each session, 20 Approved For Release 2000/08/07 : CIA-RDP96-00788R001300350001-0
Approved For Release 2000/08/07 : CIA-RDP96-00788R001300350001-0 The sender and receiver were both presented with a one- second warning tone that signalled the beginning of a trial, This was immediately followed by the light flashing for 10 s at 16 Hz in the active condition, and by no flashes in the null condition. The stimu- lation period was divided into 4-s segments for comparability with the Rebert study; the first 4 s following flash onset (or null onset), and the Second 4 s starting with the sixth second from onset. (The fifth second was blocked from the analyzer by the print cycle, and we dis- carded the tenth second.) A “set" was defined as at least 100 acceptable trials of each type. After the first set, minor modifications (such as a button to indicate guesses) were added, and a second set was Tun, The total number of acceptable trials was 212 of both types, or 424 total. In pretesting our equipment and procedure we used un- selected subjects such as laboratory personnel, in order to test the adequacy of the protocol and to determine whether there was any cor- related electronic or mechanical interference from the apparatus. In these pilot sessions of data acquisition there were no significant dif- ferences between the null and 16-Hz conditions. 3. EEG Recording Procedure Electrodes were placed at C3, C4, Ol, 02, and 02, all referenced to Cz, The occipital leads were not identical to the montage used by the SRI group (0z referenced to linked mastoids), but our montage was used to provide more information about localization within the occipital region, hemispheric specialization, and possible related activation at other leads. The EEG output (J6) of the Grass model 7 polygraph was sent to our data analysis system, described above, and also to a Hewlett Packard FM tape recorder, through a Vetter multiplex system, The FM tape provided the capacity for any possible future reanalysis. 4, Editing The hard-copy EEG output from the polygraph was edited for artifact by experimenters blind to the stimulus conditions of any al Approved For Release 2000/08/07 : CIA-RDP96-00788R001300350001-0
Approved For Release 2000/08/07 : CIA-RDP96-00788R001300350001-0 trial. Any trial showing evidence of electrode slippage or of EMG or EOC contamination, was deleted from the data set. Trials were deleted after the session for three reasons only: EEG artifact, logic circuit failure resulting in a breakdown in the trial sequence, or out of-fans EEG power (under 50 or above 1299 on printout), In each case, the linked (or previously paired trial of any trial discarded was also discarded along with data from all leads for all 8 s, If more than 10 trials altogether were deleted for any session of 40 trials, the session was deleted. only in the case where it would make the difference in saving or discarding a session were the tapes of the session played back and reanalyzed at different gain levels to recover out-of-range epochs. This was done for three sessions. 5. Stimulus The stimulus was a battery-driven, continuous-wattage incandescent lamp, chopped by a continuously rotating apertured disc. When the lamp was lit, the visible stimulus was a 16-Hz flash. In null trials the lamp was not lit. The stimulus was stationed in a remote room approximately 10 m from the subject, 6. Control of Stimuli The trials in the experimental sessions were triggered by pulses from one of a set of several tapes so that no human operator was involved in the triggering of the trials in either the 16-Hz or the 0-Hz condition (once the session had begun), These tapes were made at our laboratory during the month preceding the experiment. Randomized tables for the tapes were generated with a Texas Instrument SR-51A electronic random-number generator, Random sequencies of +s (16 Hz) and -s (0 Hz) in lengths of 40 were generated, constrained by the requirements that: (1) the trials be pseudorandomized within each block of 10 trials (i.e., groups 1-10, 11-20, 21-30, and 31-40 each contain five of each kind of trial); and (2) not more than three trials in a row of either type be allowed. 22 Approved For Release 2000/08/07 : CIA-RDP96-00788R001300350001-0
Approved For Release 2000/08/07 : CIA-RDP96-00788R001300350001-0 The following procedure was used: +s and -s were assigned alternately within each block of 10 trials according to the random sequences of numbers generated by the key. For example, if the 21-30 block was being filled, and the random sequence of numbers was 14, 38, 45, 27: first a + would go to l, then a - to 4, then + to 3, - to 8, + to 5, - to 2, + to 7, etc., until the block was filled, and then on to the next block (repeated digits were ignored). Furthermore, each + and the succeeding - were linked in the record for editing purposes (see above). Blocks of +s and -s were discarded if it was clear that they would include sequences of four or more consecutive +s or -s; also, if a sequence of four or more +s or -Ss was created from the juxtaposition of two blocks of 10, the latter block was reversed (+s changed to -s, and vice versa). A single block of 10 trials was discarded because of cal- culator failure in the middle of generating the block, and another was discarded because of a possible recording error on the part of the opera- tor; otherwise each trial that was generated was kept. Control signals for trials were recorded on a tape with a 4-track Ampex stereo FM tape deck in direct mode, with pulses on one channel for the 16-Hz condition and on another for the 0-Hz condition. The pulses were produced by two Grass stimulators, They were recorded 30 s apart, then checked afterward on playback, The inter-trial interval was checked and found to be within 1 s of 30 s, consistently, with no detectable systematic difference between conditions, The tapes were played back on a Tandberg two-track stereo tape recorder into a logic circuit that triggered the type of trial corresponding to the channel. There were only rare failures in trial triggering due to errors in the trial tapes at any point during the experiment. The coded tapes were selected by number with no pre~ arrangement except that a different tape be used for each session ina set until all tapes were used once. Only the operator of the logic equipment had the knowledge of which tape was being used, and no person knew before any trial what the trial type would be: that information was coded in the tape. The coded tapes produced 5-V pulses which, mediated by the digital logic, triggered the appropriate stimulus type 23 Approved For Release 2000/08/07 : CIA-RDP96-00788R001300350001-0
Approved For Release 2000/08/07 : CIA-RDP96-00788R001300350001-0 for any trial. Inter-trial interval was fixed by the spacing of pulses on the tape to be 30 + 1s. The command box of the photic stimulator, when triggered, produced a l-s warning tone to both sender and receiver and, following another l-s interval, flashed a light for 10 s when a 16-Hz trial was ordered, or did nothing if a null trial was ordered. The digital logic sent pulses to turn the analyzer on and off at 1s and 10 s, respectively, from the onset of the trial. For each trial the digital logic generated timing pulses to be recorded on the Hewlett Packard tape for use, if necessary, in off-line computer analysis of the data. A 16-Hz trial was differentiated from a O-Hz trial by the presence of an initial 0.5-V positive pulse for the 16-Hz trial. This was the only electronic signal differentiating the two conditions, that entered the recording area while the experiment was in progress. Operators in the recording area did not monitor this signal. B. Results The means of summed alpha power in arbitrary relative power units are presented in Table 2. The differences found to be significant at greater than 0.05 are starred. Significance levels were assigned by F-tests from repeated measures of analyses of variance. The analyses of variance were performed separately for each lead and epoch and repeated across condition means. The SRI experiment reported a decrement at Oz-linked mastoids at 16 Hz compared with the null condition, in the second 4 s, At our Qz-Cz lead we did not find a change in the second 4 s of either set, but did find a significant decrement in the first 4 s of the first set. None of the other 0z comparisons attain significance and the combined Set 1 and Set 2 first 4 s is not significant, Therefore we did not specifically confirm the SRI findings. However, Ol and 02 showed sig- nificant decrement in the first 4 s of Set 1, and O01 showed enough decrement to reach significance in the last 4 gs in Set 2, and in all 8 s, with both sets combined, Because our electrode montage was not identical ‘with the SRI montage, our first experiment showed some decrements at other locations, 24 Approved For Release 2000/08/07 : CIA-RDP96-00788R001300350001-0
Approved For Release 2000/08/07 : CIA-RDP96-00788R001300350001-0 Table 2 FIRST EXPERIMENT AT LANGLEY PORTER: MEANS OF SUMMED EEG ALPHA IN RELATIVE-POWER UNITS, EXPRESSED AS NULL CONDITION/16-Hz CONDITION Lead Set 1 c3 C4 ol 02 02 — ee ee 0-4 s 276/261 276/245 353/305* 425/336** 419/352* 284/267 268/249 358/347 415/413 420/413 0-8 s 560/528 544/494 711/655 841/749 839/765 Epoch fp 1 oo #3} 0-4 s 305/288 389/386 469/461 534/536 532/563 303/274 411/371 479/419* 511/477 484/516 0-8 s 608/562 800/757 948/880 1045/1013 1015/1079 Epoch gg ' 100] n Combined Set 1 and Set 2: Ol Only a| 0-4 8 411/383 8] 4-8 s 419/383* 1 0.8 s 830/766% TS % “Significant at p < 0,05. tek Significant at p< 0,01, IV SECOND EXPERIMENT AT LANGLEY PORTER: ATTEMPTED REFINEMENT Since the data from the SRI study and our first one were compatible if not identical, we decided to continue to explore possible sources of variance in this phenomenon. Specifically, we pursued the dependence upon the "sender" and the possible importance of a trend for the trials in which the subject correctly guessed that the light was on or off to show the greatest EEG power differences, In addition, we examined the differences between our montage of EEG sites (01, 02, C3, c4 ref. Cz) and the SRI montage (02 to linked mastoids); and used more careful pro- cedures ensuring double-blinding of experimenters and subject. 25 Approved For Release 2000/08/07 : CIA-RDP96-00788R001300350001-0
Approved For Release 2000/08/07 : CIA-RDP96-00788R001300350001-0 A. Method 1. General The method was the same as in the previous experiment, although carried out in a new location (see Figure A-1 in the Appendix), and with the addition of several refinements, Sessions with a "sender" alternated with sessions without a "sender", The subject was also given a “pass'' or no-response option, so that she could indicate when she did not feel sure of her response and would not hazard a guess about the stimulus condition. The pass option was signaled by the subject pushing a button that marked the polygraph record, so that we could discriminate guess trials from non-guessed ones, There was an additional EEG channel used, so that in addition to recording from Ol, 02, C3, C4, and 0z referenced to Cz, as in our first experiment, we also recorded the 0z referenced to linked mastoids configuration used by the SRI group. The subject ("receiver") was again Ms. Hammid, and the "sender" was always R. Targ. 2. Double-Blind Procedures In addition to generating the stimulus-condition sequence types, we ensured that no one had information concerning the trial-type sequence, The person who generated the tapes gave them to another member of the laboratory staff for labeling: A, B, C, etc. A third staff mem- ber chose a tape at random before the session, No one had knowledge of the trial-type sequence until after the session was completed and the stimulus marker sequence played back from the Hewlett-Packard recorder. The operator who played the tape coded the trial-type neutrally (1.e., A and B rather than + and -)., The operator who did this step knew the code and was not allowed to handle data further. The personnel who analyzed the data were blind to which of the two labeled conditions cor- responded to the actual trial-type. The trial-type was monitored with a light-sensitive recorder--i.e., no one was in the room during trials without a "sender". During 'no-sender" sets, Mr. Targ spent the duration of the set with one 26 Approved For Release 2000/08/07 : CIA-RDP96-00788R001300350001-0
Approved For Release 2000/08/07 : CIA-RDP96-00788R001300350001-0 of the experimenters. He did not know in advance whether a given set would be "sender" or "no-sender,"' B. Results 1. General The means of summed alpha power are presented in Table 3 and Table 4 Table 3 lists the means from all trials, showing the trials with a sender separately from those without a sender. Table 4 shows the means from only those trials on which the subject guessed the stimulus condition. Significance levels were again assigned from F-tests from repeated measured of analyses of variance performed separately for each lead, repeated across condition. This experiment shows an effect opposite that of the SRI experiment and our first study: instead of alpha power decreasing during the active condition, it increased. The effect reaches signifi- cance only at Oz referenced to Cz, although the direction is the same at other leads. Also of interest is the finding that for the SRI montage, Oz referenced to linked mastoids, there was no significant difference between stimulus conditions, The only Fevalue to reach the 0,05 level is that of Oz referenced to Cz (F = 4.33), no sender. If this is com- bined with the trials with sender (which is not significant by itself-- F = 2,647), the overall F for 0-8 s is 7.03, p< 0,01. However, this is a different site than that used for the original SRI finding, and our first experiment, and in the opposite direction. 2. Guess Effect For trials in which the subject was required to guess the stimulus condition (guess trials), our first experiment showed a tendency to exhibit a greater alpha decrease than in trials in which the subject did not guess. Trials in which the subject correctly guessed the stimulus condition showed this tendency to a greater degree. We investigated this tendency more rigorously in the second experiment, 27 Approved For Release 2000/08/07 : CIA-RDP96-00788R001300350001-0
LL LL Lt eR Approved For Release 2000/08/07 : CIA-RDP96-00788R001300350001-0 Table 3 SECOND EXPERIMENT AT LANGLEY PORTER: ALL TRIALS, SENDER VS NO SENDER MEANS AND F VALUES OF SUMMED EEG ALPHA IN RELATIVE POWER UNITS, MEANS EXPRESSED AS NULL CONDITION/16-Hz CONDITION (Seven Sessions, 121 Trials in Each Condition) Lead | NN reat = et Sender--All Trials 0-4 5s 4-8 s 0-8 s F Values Epoch 0-4 s 4-8 5s 0-8 s Means 0,073 0.039 0,089 479/486 428/432 907/919 No Sender--All 0-4 s 4-8 gs 0-8 s F Values Epoch 0-4 s 4-8 s 0-8 s Means 2.760 0, 374 2.090 404/442 399/411 802/853 1,687 2,556 3,853 484/517 441/480 925/997 Trials 1.560 0.541 1,869 401/491 441/461 902/952 0,041 0, 032 0. 107 275/264 253/255 527/519 1.912 0,046 0,611 262/284 271/267 533/551 0.744 0, 000 0,116 320/306 280/281 595/586 0,902 1,020 0,001 335/318 297/314 633/632 1.071 1,221 2.647% 408/439 384/410 792/849 2.750 2.440 4, 330* 382/423 385/422 766/ 844% “Significant at p < 0.05, F > 3,93 (1, 120). % ““sienificant at p < 0,01, F > 6.84 (1, 120). 28 Oz to Linked Mastoids 0,182 0,024 0.017 439/449 415/410 854/860 0, 364 0,700 0,770 499/521 466/498 966/1018 Approved For Release 2000/08/07 : CIA-RDP96-00788R001300350001-0
Approved For Release 2000/08/07 : CIA-RDP96-00788R001300350001-0 Table 4 SECOND EXPERIMENT AT LANGLEY PORTER: GUESS TRIALS ONLY, SENDER VS NO SENDER MEANS AND F VALUES OF SUMMED EEG ALPHA IN RELATIVE POWER UNITS, MEANS EXPRESSED AS NULL CONDITION/16-Hz CONDITION Lead a Oz to Linked ol 02 c3 C4 Oz Mastoids ATT Sender--Guess Trials 9 0-4 s 0,003 0.470 0. 642 1.081 0.833 0,017 3 4-8 s 0,312 0,676 0.005 0,002 0,097 0.758 a) =| 0-8 s 0,083 1.058 0. 330 0.402 0.614 0.422 ° rst | 0-4 8 489/491 495/514 268/253 318/300 415/438 450/447 5 he8 s 445/432 461/482 258/257 284/285 400/408 436/408 21 9.8 5 934/922 956/997 525/510 602/585 815/846 886/855 211 Trials: 104 null, 107 16 Hz No Sender--Guess Trials 3 0-4 s 1.900 0.752 1.182 1.638 1.894 0. 044 c 4-8 s 0.344 0.490 0,013 0,563 1.755 0.901 a} &| 0-8 s 1.603 0.840 0,663 0.168 3,069 0.533 9 ! AS) | Oro § 413/447 475/498 261/278 340/314 387/423 512/520 ; 4-8 s 408/420 451/469 270/272 301/314 392/426 481/519 b>) 0-8 s 820/868 928-963 531/550 641/628 779/849 993/1040 211 Trials: 106 null, 105 16 Hz 29 Approved For Release 2000/08/07 : CIA-RDP96-00788R001300350001-0
Approved For Release 2000/08/07 : CIA-RDP96-00788R001300350001-0 The "pass option," described above, to eliminate forced guessing when the subject was not certain, made it less likely that incorrect guesses would be included. Comparison of Table 4 to Table 3 shows that the effect of guessing certainly does not increase the effect noted at 0z. Alpha increases in the active condition compared to the null condition were not significant. The logical inference of this is that the pass trials should show a greater difference than "guess" or Nall" trials. Table 5 shows the pass trials. They do exhibit greater differences in the same overall direction of this experiment, an alpha increase in the active Table 5 SECOND EXPERIMENT AT LANGLEY PORTER: PASS TRIAL MEANS, SHOWN AS NULL. CONDITION/16 Hz CONDITION Lead: Referenced to Cz Oz to Linked Ol 02 c3 C4 Oz Mastoids 4 OL ee Sender--Passes 0-4 s 420/468 423/523 316/356 328/344 353/454 403/440 a Means 8 4-8 s 360/427 331/475 227/256 268/246 301/428 308/406 = 0-8 s 780/895 754/998 543/612 596/590 654/882 711/846 Ratios < 0-4 s 0,90 0.81 0.89 0.95 0.78 0,92 of 2 4-8 s 0, 84 0.70 0,89 1,09 0,70 0.76 Means — 0-8 s 0.87 0.76 0.89 1.01 0.74 0, 84 No Sender--Passes P 0-4 s 366/382 393/417 277/307 321/323 345/399 364/516 Means 8 4-8 s 357/343 393/378 269/206 299/315 303/397 333/374 A 0-8 s 723/725 786/795 546/513 620/638 648/796 697/890 of Q| 4-8 5s 1,04 1,04 1.31 0.95 0.76 0.89 Means _ 0-8 8 1,00 0.99 1,06 0,97 0,81 0.78 30 Approved For Release 2000/08/07 : CIA-RDP96-00788R001300350001-0