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CONTENTS
I
INTRODUCTION
II
TECHNICAL APPROACH
A.
Background
B.
Experimenter
Influences
C.
Educational Procedures
1.
Screening
2.
Training
a.
Training in Perceptual Tasks
Paralleling Ordinary Perception
b.
Training
in Abstract Targeting,
Including Geographical Coordinates
...
c.
The Ten-Choice Numerical
Training
Facility
III
OBJECTIVES
IV
STATEMENT OF WORK
V
REPORTING SCHEDULE
VI
QUALIFICATIONS OF SRI
REFERENCES
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I
INTRODUCTION
Recent publications provide mounting evidence for
the existence of
so-called parapsychological
or. paraphysical processes.
These processes
are taken
to
include the following:
(1)
The acquisition and description,
by mental means,
of
information blocked from ordinary perception by distance
or shielding and generally believed
to be secure against
such access.
(2)
The production of physical
effects
such as
the perturbation
of instrumentation or
equipment
that appears
to be well
shielded against,
or otherwise inaccessible
to,
human
influence.
The literature also indicates
evidence of an acceleration
of
research in both Western and
Soviet Bloc countries
in an effort
to
precipitate a breakthrough.
In the West,
a large-scale exploratory
research effort on psychoenergetic channels has been carried out by the
authors
in the Electronics and Bioengineering Laboratory and
the Radio
Physics Laboratory of SRI International.
Our work dealt primarily with
a human information-accessing capability that we call "remote viewing."
This phenomenon pertains
to the ability of certain individuals
to access
and describe,
by means
of mental processes,
remote geographical
loca-
tions
up
to several
thousand km distant from their physical
location.
In more than 50 experiments with roughly a dozen subjects,
including
government
scientists
sent
to examine experimental protocols,
signifi-
cant results were obtained in the viewing of remote buildings,
laboratory
apparatus,
and real-time activities.
From this work we conclude
that1
(1)
The phenomenon
is not
a sensitive function of distance
over
a range
of several kilometers and
is
still operative
over
a range of several
thousand kilometers.
(2)
Faraday cage electrical shielding does not appear
to
degrade the quality or accuracy of perception.
(3)
Most of the correct
information pertains
to shape,
form,
color,
and material,
rather than to function or name,
suggesting that the function may be mediated primarily
by the brain's right hemisphere.
*References are listed at
the end
of
this document.
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(4)
The principal difference between experienced subjects and
inexperienced volunteers
is not
that the latter do not
exhibit the faculty but rather that their results are
simply less reliable,
indicating that. remote viewing may
be a latent and widely distributed,
though suppressed,
perceptual ability.
(5)
Subjects
trained over
a several-year period have shown
improved performance under continuing experiments.
SG1B
(6)
Clear evidence has been obtained showing that
subjects
in laboratory experiments
can describe future events,
not yet determined at
the time of their description.
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II
TECHNICAL APPROACH
With the overall objective of improving the reliability of psycho-
energetic
functioning,
experimenters have attempted many different
strategies,
both
to find more gifted subjects,
and
to provide
the most
optimal psychological environment
for
the subjects participating
in
experiments.
In this
section we will outline some of these approaches,
with regard to special environments and methods
for screening and
training subjects.
A.
Background
One of
the most
effective psychoenergetic protocols
in terms
of
successful subject performance
is
the remote viewing of natural
targets.
As observed
in the laboratory,
the basic phenomenon appears
to cover
a
range of subjective experiences variously referred to
in the literature
as autoscopy
(in the medical
literature);
exteriorization or disassociation
(psychological
literature);
simple clairvoyance,
traveling clairvoyance,
or out-of-body experience
(parapsychological
literature);
or astral
pro-
jection
(occult
literature).
We choose the term "remote viewing" as
a
neutral descriptive term free from prior associations and bias
as
to
mechanisms.
As
carried out at
SRI,
the general protocol
is
to closet
a subject
with an experimenter and at
a prearranged
time
to obtain from the subject
a description of an undisclosed,
remote site being visited by a target
team,
one of whose members
is known
to
the subject and who thereby
constitutes
the target
person.
The target team is assigned
their
target
location by an independent experimenter who has
generated
a
list of tar-
gets
located within a 30-minute driving time from
SRI,
and who accesses
this
list by a randomization procedure.
The
target pool consists
of
more than 100
target
locations
chosen from a target-rich
environment.
The target
location selected
is kept blind
to both the subject and
experimenter closeted at
SRI.
The experiment
is
thus
of
the double-
blind
type.
In detail:
To begin an experiment,
a subject
is closeted with an
experimenter
at
SRI and instructed
to wait
30 minutes before beginning a
narrative description of where
the target
team has
gone.
Meanwhile,
the
target team obtains
sealed traveling orders
from a monitor who has
pre-
viously prepared and randomized
a
set
of such orders.
After
leaving
SRI
by automobile,
the target team opens
the traveling orders and proceeds
directly
to the target without any communication with
the subject
or
experimenter remaining at
SRI.
The experimenter remaining with
the
subject
in
the
SRI
laboratory
is
kept
ignorant
of both the particular
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target and the target pool
so as
to eliminate the possibility of cueing
(overt
or subliminal) .and
to allow him freedom in questioning the subject
for clarification of his descriptions.
The target team remains at
the
target site for
a prearranged 15-minute period following
the
30 minutes
alloted
for travel.
During the observation period,
the remote viewing
subject at
SRI
is asked
to describe his
impressions
of the target site
into a tape recorder and
to make any drawings he thinks appropriate.
A
tentative evaluation
is made of
the subject's
output when the target
team returns
to
SRI.
Finally,
following the experiment,
the subject
is
taken to the site so that he may obtain direct
feedback.
To obtain a
first cut at
a numerical evaluation of the accuracy of
a series
of,
say,
N remote viewing experiments,
the experimental results
are subjected
to
independent judging on a blind basis by SRI research
analysts not otherwise associated with the research.
The response
packets,
which contain nine
typed,
unedited transcripts
of the tape-
recorded narratives and associated drawings,
are unlabeled and presented
in random order.
Working alone,
an analyst visits
a target location
and
in a blind fashion rates
the subject's descriptions
on a
scale
to
(best
to worst match).
This
procedure
is repeated with different
analysts
for
each target
site.
At the
end,
the statistic of interest
is
the sum of ranks assigned
to
the target-associated transcripts,
lower
values
indicating better matches.
For nine targets,
for
example,
the
sum of ranks
could range from nine
(for perfect matching)
to eighty-one.
The technique for calculating the probability that
a given sum of ranks
s
or
less will occur by chance
is given
in Reference
1.
As an overall calibration of the remote viewing process,
against
which specific
examples
can be gauged,
we can take as
a background data
base a
lengthy collection of
51 remote viewing trials collected over
a
several-year period with nine subjects,
and published by the authors
in
Ref.
1.
In these
trials
subjects were targeted on local
targets
(bridges,
swimming
pools,
theaters,
airports,
computers,
machine shops,
etc.) within a
20 km range of
SRI.
The quality of the results was
such
that
the judges,
who had
to determine
in a blind fashion which subject-
generated data packages
(tape transcripts
and drawings) were associated
with which target
sites,
were able
to blind match transcripts
to targets
in first place
in roughly half the cases.
Except
that statements which would cue a judge as
to target
order are
removed
(e.g.,
reference
to a previous
target).
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B.-
Experimenter
Influences
From the work of
Prof.
Robert Rosenthal at Harvard
it
is
clear
that
there
is
a strong difference
in
the outcome of some psychology experi-
ments^
depending
on who conducts
the experiment.
This
so-called experi-
menter effect has been the subject
of
investigation for
the past
years
in an attempt
to find means
to objectify some of the principal
findings
of conventional perceptual and behavioral
psychology.
We are
not suggesting that
this
experimenter
effect
in psychology
is due
to
paranormal
influences,
but rather
that some of
the inability
to replicate
ESP experiments
of one laboratory,
when the experiments are transferred
to another
laboratory,
might be due
to subtle experimenter
effects
of
the type known
to occur
in psychology and behavior experiments
in
general.
We consider
it
important
to find
out
if the success
or
failure of
parapsychology experiments relate
to
the experimenter effect through
interpersonal
interaction,
subliminal cueing,
or some as-yet uncataloged
factor.
Rotation of experimenters and
interchange
of subject-experimenter
roles
can supply needed
information on these factors.
As
of June
1978,
Dr.
Charles
T.
Tart,
a well-known psychologist,
has
joined
the program;
one of his
specific concerns
is
experimenter
influence.
C.
Educational Procedures
1.
Screening
functioning
is an innate
or
latent ability,
somewhat similar
to
musical
talent.
That
is,
all people have
it
to some degree,
but there
is
a wide range
of abilities
from the psychically tone
deaf,
to
the
virtuoso performer.
It would be
the goal
of a screening program to
locate and recruit
the most psychically talented
individuals
available,
both
to obtain a measure of
the range
of abilities
that
exists,
and also
to make use of these abilities
to
further
increase
our understanding
of
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the phenomenon.
To build. up an appropriate data pool psychological and
neurophysiological profiling
of "subjects as
a routine practice
is
indicated.
2.
Training
a.
Training
in Perceptual
Tasks
Paralleling Ordinary
Perception
For
our
first attempt,
we have carried out a
series
of
communication experiments
involving
the transmission,
from one laboratory
to another,
of simple shapes
(e. g. ,
T,
0,
A),
which also were of
different colors
for
each shape.
These tests were initiated
in an
effort
to assess reports
of
Soviet work
in this
area,
which include the
transmission of decimal numbers
via
a psychoenergetic channel,
with a
claimed yield
of
105
out
of
135 decimal digits
0-9
(p ~
10"^^). 17
The communications
series was
designed
to determine
whether
a gradient
series of perception tasks
that mimic
the known
development
of ordinary perception would be useful
in the development
of
paranormal perception.
The decision
to follow such
a protocol was
derived
from data
indicating that
the laws
of paranormal
perception are
congruent with,
rather
than skew
to,
the laws
that
govern ordinary
perception,
especially under conditions
of subliminal presentation.
The
particular question examined was whether
a specific perceptual orienta-
tion process known to hold
in ordinary perception of color,
would hold
in the case of paranormal perception as well*
The perceptual process
of interest was
the well-documented scale
of
increasing sensitivity
to
color
tones.
Cross-cultural
studies
of 98 separate linguistic stocks
indicate that perception of color
tones
in
the environment begins with
discrimination first
of black and white
(dull/bright);
then red
is
identified as
a color;
then yellow followed by green, or green followed
by yellow;
then blue,
brown,
and finally purple,
pink,
orange,
and
With the hypothesis
that
a
similar gradient
is
followed
in
the development
of paranormal
perception,
subjects were asked
to
differentiate among simple remote color card targets
first on the basis
of
the dichotomy dull/bright,
then with regard
to
shape,
and only finally
with regard
to color.
Specifically,
subjects were encouraged
to reject
premature mental discrimination processes
based
on color recognition,
which,
by the hypothesis under
test,
we would assume
to be imaginative
overlay from the already highly developed ordinary perceptual modes.
Numerous
data were gathered with two
subjects who were
experienced remote viewers.
Analysis
of
the data,
which
is
suggestive
of
learning,
provides
initial
support
for
the hypothesis
that progress
in paranormal
perception can be made on the basis
of training drills
designed from what
is known about ordinary perception.
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The purpose of this kind of training
is
the development
of excellent and reliable paranormal perception of analytic and other
alphanumeric types of target material.
Two extensions
of this work are proposed:
(1) Novice,
as opposed to experienced,
subjects will be tested on the protocol
established above to determine whether they also show improvement
in
remote perception skills;
and
(2)
additional protocols based on factors
known to be important
in ordinary perception will be designed and
evaluated by further testing with experienced subjects.
b.
Training in Abstract Targeting,
Including Geographical
Coordinates
To date,
two subjects have unmistakably demonstrated
their ability to describe distant
locations,
given only the map
coordinates
(latitude and
longitude)
of a target
site.
Other subjects
have attempted similar
tasks with mixed results.
One notable difference between the two groups
is
that
the
successful group ran through practice training procedures
involving
~100
sites taken from an ordinary atlas.
Therefore,
it
is proposed
that
a
similar procedure be applied with new subjects
to evaluate
whether such a procedure might result
in the development
of a
training
protocol of general
use.
Should
improvement be forthcoming on this
basis,
novice subjects would also be tested and evaluated utilizing
the same protocols.
Additional variations
on the theme of abstract targeting
would
include targeting on the basis
of pictures
or maps
of
the target
site
(with and without key elements missing).
The goal of these efforts
is
to evaluate potential
training protocols
of wide applicability.
Should such a program be
successful,
it would eliminate our dependence on a select group of
naturally gifted individuals,
a group that
is
inadequate
in number
for
large-scale exploration of
the field's
potentialities.
c.
The Ten-Choice Numerical Training Facility
•
To date our experiments have generally indicated
that
subjects
show more psi functioning with natural setting/pictorial/solid
targets
than numerical
targets,
yet numbers
and quantities are an
important kind
of
information in the modern world.
General parapsycho-
logical research over several decades has certainly demonstrated that
subjects can use significant amounts
of psi on numerical
targets
like
cards,
but these results,
while highly significant
statistically,
have
usually been at
a very
low absolute level above chance performance,
such as averaging 52% instead
of
the chance- expected
50%, in a binary
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calling task.
Further,
especially talented
subjects,
whose results were
at a more practical
level,
have almost universally shown a long-term
decline in performance with repeated
testing,
leading
to eventual
loss
of psi ability.
These declines have been observed almost exclusively in
testing situations
that do not involve immediate feedback of results
to
the subjects,
and
this
factor
led both Charles
Tart
(Refs.
19-23)
and
Russell Targ
(Ref.
24)
to postulate that
testing' without feedback
is an
extinction paradigm of the sort psychologists routinely use
to extinguish
performance
to chance levels.
Thus
the provision of immediate feedback
to subjects who have some demonstrable psi ability to begin with
should
at
least allow stabilization of psi ability in numerical
tests and allow
the more talented subjects
to discover what sort of internal strategies
for psi calling improve their performances.
Thus highly talented sub-
jects should eventually learn
to improve their psi abilities with
immediate feedback training.
Research
to date on immediate feedback by the present
investigators
(Ref.
24),
as well as
others
(summarized
in Ref.
21),
has
generally found that
(1)
significant declines,
the big problem in the
field,
are eliminated;
(2) highly significant
psi performance has been
stabilized
in some subjects;
and
(3) higher talented subjects
show signs
of learning improved psi performance.
Research to date suffers from the
drawback,
however,
that there has not been extensive training of talented
subjects
to test
the ultimate psi performance available.
A Ten-Choice Numerical Training Facility just
set up at
SRI,
modeled
on a Ten-Choice Trainer developed at Tart's
laboratory at
the University of California at Davis,
is designed to allow us
to
investigate the parameters
of immediate feedback training in a psi task
that
is simultaneously numerical and spatial.
The facility,
the basis
of which
is
a computerized ten-choice random number generator,
occupies
two laboratory rooms
in separate buildings
(to eliminate potential sensory
cueing problems).
The subject,
acting as receiver,
is
seated
in a
comfortable room in an outbuilding adjacent
to the main research
building of the project.
He sits before a console consisting of ten
unit
lamps arranged
in a circle.
There
is
a response button beside
each lamp for
the subject
to register his
choice.
When a Ready signal
lamp at
the center
of the circle comes
on,
the subject knows
that an
electronic random event generator
in the computer controlling the
experimenter/sender's console has chosen one of the ten lamps
as
a
target.
When the subject
feels he has
some idea as
to what
the correct
target
is,
he presses
the appropriate response button.
The control
computer
immediately illuminates
the correct target
lamp,
so the subject
has
immediate feedback as
to whether he was right
or wrong.
If he was
wrong,
he also sees whether he was spatially close
to the correct
target
or
not,
or whether he has consistent displacement patterns he might
learn
to correct.
He can try various response strategies and decide,
by
virtue of the feedback,
which ones work for him.
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Because some subjects treat
this
task as
a. spatial location
task,
running their hand around the circle of unlit
lamps and waiting for
a "feeling"
to tell them when they are over
the correct
one,
a closed
circuit TV camera monitors the subject's console so the experimenter/
sender can monitor when the subject
is "hot"
or "cold."
While the console
in the subject's facility
is designed
so
that no relevant information
is
present
in the room,
this
spatial scanning behavior
is quite important
to some subjects
as a "read-out device"
for their psi impressions,
and
it also gives
the experimenter/sender immediate feedback on the success
of his "sending"
technique,
so he has a chance
to improve also.
The facility
is computer controlled by a dedicated micro-
computer,
which automatically stores target and response data for
later
detailed analysis,
including sophisticated time displacement analyses
for study of the trans- temporal inhibition mechanism for enhancing psi
performance discovered in earlier
studies by Tart
(Refs.
25-27).
The
experimenter/sender's console,
controlling computer,
and other recording
apparatus are located
in a separate building from the subject's room of
the facility to eliminate all possible sensory cueing paths.
Communication
between experimenter/sender and subject
is
interlocked with the controlling
computer.
Free conversation over an intercom system is allowed between
trials ,
when data on the previous
trial have already been stored and the
target
for
the upcoming
trial has not yet been selected by the electronic
random event generator; we feel
such communication about response
strategies,
etc.,
is important
in the early phases
of
training.
Simul-
taneously
with a target being selected,
however,
the intercom
is auto-
matically disabled,
to prevent any inadvertent cueing of
the subject by
the experimenter/sender.
It
is
important
to note that the Ten- Choice Numerical
Training Facility is
just
that,
a
training facility.
Once
a subject has
learned
to recognize and volitionally generate psi- favorable mental
conditions with the immediate feedback provided
in training,
we expect
to be able
to wean him from the Training Facility so that he can continue
to use high
level psi in other
settings where high experimenter /sender
participation and immediate feedback are not available.
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III
OBJECTIVES
Based on our own past six years
of
research,
and
the decades
of
investigation by other scientists,
we conclude that present
evidence
strongly indicates
the existence of some sort
of paranormal
or psycho-
energetic perceptual
channel*
The two underlying goals
that must be attained for
the eventual
utilization of
this phenomenon are reliability and understanding,
and
the recognition that
it
is necessary
to have both in order
to have either.
We recommend
that
the principal objective of
this program involve the
optimization
of
the experimental protocols,
and
the training
of subjects
to reach excellence
of performance.
In addition,
screening procedures
must be established
to enlarge the populations
from which subjects are
drawn,
to allow us
to
find additional gifted
individuals
for participation
in
the experimental
program.
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IV
STATEMENT OF WORK
The overall
goal
of
this project
is
the training of
four individuals
from the client organization for participation in remote viewing experi-
ments,
as both subjects
and experimenters.
To achieve
this
goal,
four
separate activities will be undertaken.
(1)
In the first month of
this
contract,
a senior observer
from the client organization will visit SRI for
a one-
to
two-week period for the purpose of evaluating past data
on hand,
observing experiments
in progress,
taking part
in remote viewing experiments
as
subject,
and,
as
a
monitor,
conducting experiments with other subjects.
Relevant data,
protocols,
and procedures will be made
available
to
the client’s
representative
to enable him
to reach informed conclusions
about
the remote viewing
activity and methods
for conducting similar activities
himself
in a different
location of his
choosing.
(2)
In April,
May,
and June of
1979,
three additional indi-
viduals will
take part
in intensive training activities
at
SRI
for one month
each.
Again,
these individuals
will
learn
to be subjects
and
to carry out experiments
themselves.
Relevant
training techniques and materials
developed
to date will be made available
to them for
this purpose.
(3)
Dr.
Ralph Kiernan,
Department
of Neurology,
Stanford
University Medical Center,
a consultant on the Radio
Physics Laboratory projects
on extended perception,
is
involved
in
a
long term project
to attempt
the identi-
fication
of neurophysiological
correlates
of individuals
possessing enhanced capabilities
in
the areas
of
interest.
The function
to be served by Dr,
Kiernan
is
the administration of various
tests
(speech perception
tests,
Buschke memory tests,
verbal concept attainment
tests,
Wechsler Adult
Intelligence
Scale,
etc.)
which
yield information of neurophysiological and neuro-
psychological functioning and which may be
of use
in
establishing profiles
for good subjects.
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(4)
Each of
the training program participants will carry out
a minimum of
250 trials with the Ten- choice Numerical
Training Facility to provide a calibration on ability to
identify numeric characters by remote viewing.
The data
will be analyzed
to detect success/ failure strategies,
trends
in learning ability,
and
so forth.
The results
of such analysis will be provided
to the client.
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VI
QUALIFICATIONS OF SRI
SRI
is
an independent,
nonprofit organization performing
a broad
spectrum of research under contract
to business,
industry,
and govern-
ment.
The
institute,
which was
formerly affiliated with Stanford
University,
was
founded
in
1946.
Its operations
include the physical
and
life sciences,
industrial and development economics,
management
systems,
engineering systems,
electronics
and radio sciences,
informa-
tion science,
urban and
social systems,
and various
combinations
of
disciplines within these fields.
SRI has
no endowment;
payments by clients under research contracts
and grants amount
to approximately $100 million annually and are used
to
cover all operating costs.
Such revenue also helps
the Institute main-
tain the excellence of
its
research capabilities.
SRi’s
facilities
include more than one million square
feet
of office
and laboratory space and incorporate
the most advanced scientific equip-
ment,
including unique instrumentation developed by the staff.
The bulk
of
these facilities
and most
of
the research staff are
located
at
the
Instituted headquarters
in Menlo Park,
California.
Regional office
loca-
tions
include Washington,
D.C.
; New York City;
Chicago;
Houston;
and
Los Angeles.
Of SRi’s
total
staff
of
3000,
approximately one-half are in pro-
fessional
and technical categories.
Some 450 members
of
the professional
staff have
Ph. D.
or equivalent degrees;
600 others have their master
1 s
degree.
The project
leader and other research personnel who would be active
on
the proposed work are members
of
the Radio Physics Laboratory.
This
Laboratory employs
a staff of
153 people,
including
96 professional
and
technical and clerical members.
Of
the professional personnel,
have
Ph. D.
degrees
or equivalent,
other engineer’s
degrees,
25 have
master’s
degrees,
and
30 have bachelor’s
degrees.
Since
its
inception,
the Radio Physics Laboratory has undertaken
basic research for various branches
of
the
U. S.
Government.
Laboratory
personnel have participated
in theoretical
and experimental
studies
of
ELF through UHF
electromagnetic propagation,
including ionospheric,
atmospheric,
surface-wave,
underground,
and underwater propagation.
They
have performed extensive mathematical modeling and experimental studies
of environmental
effects
on propagation,
including scattering,
noise,
interference,
EMP,
and nuclear and ionospheric effects.
A number of
these programs have required the development,
modification,
and maintenance
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of sizable computer codes.
The laboratory has
also been concerned with
the development,
as well
as performance evaluation and testing,
of
instrumentation relating
to these areas
of work.
The proposed research will be supervised by SRI staff members within
the Radio Physics Laboratory under the direction of Dr.
Robert
S.
Leonard.
The principal investigators will be
Dr.
Harold Puthoff
and Mr.
Russell
Targ.
Our consultant,
Dr.
Charles
Tart,
will also participate
in this
program.
Biographies are attached for these personnel.
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HAROLD
E.
PUTHOFF
Senior Research Engineer
Radio Physics Laboratory
Systems Research and Analysis Division
SPECIALIZED PROFESSIONAL COMPETENCE
Tunable
laser
research
and development;
quantum electronics,
research
in remote
sensing and other psychoenergetic
phenomena
REPRESENTATIVE RESEARCH ASSIGNMENTS AT SRI
(since
1971)
Development
of
tunable ultraviolet
laser
source
for pollution studies
and medical
research
Research
and
development
of biofield measurements;
investigation
of
"paranormal"
perceptual
abilities,
psychoenergetic
phenomena
OTHER PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE
Research associate,
Hansen Laboratories
of
Physics,
and
lecturer.
Depart-
ment
of Electrical Engineering,
Stanford University:
teaching,
text-
book
author,
research supervisor
of
Ph.D.
candidates
in
the
area
of
lasers
and nonlinear
optics,
and development
of high-power
tunable
in-
frared
laser
source
(50-250 microns)
for materials
research
Consultant
on applications
of
lasers
to
industrial
and medical
problems,
Stanford University
Lieutenant,
USNR:
in-house research
and contract monitoring on DoD
(NSA)
contracts
concerned with
the
development
of
ultra high-speed
(GHz)
com-
puters,
assessment
of potential
of
fiber optics
and
lasers
for
use
in
optical
computers
Research engineer,
Sperry Electronic Tube Division,
and Sperry fellow.
University
of Florida:
design
and
testing
of electron-beam
focusing
systems
for
use
in microwave
tubes
ACADEMIC BACKGROUND
B.E.E.
(1958)
and M.S.E.
(1960),
University of
Florida;
Ph.D.
in elec-
trical engineering
(1967),
Stanford University
PUBLICATIONS AND PATENTS
Coauthor
of
textbook.
Fundamentals
of Quantum Electronics
(Wiley)
pub-
lished
in English,
French,
Russian;
author or coauthor of more
than
twenty-five
papers
in professional
journals
on electron beam and
laser
research;
more recently,
first major publications
of research on psycho-
energetic
phenomena:
"Information Transfer Under Conditions
of Sensory
Shielding,"
Nature
(Oct.
1974)
and
"A Perceptual Channel
for Information
Transfer over
Kilometer Distances,"
Proc.
IEEE
(March
1976);
coauthor
of Mind
Reach:
Scientists Look
at
Psychic
Research
(Delacorte Press,
New
York, WU)
PROFESSIONAL ASSOCIATIONS AND HONORS
American Association
for
the Advancement
of
Science; American Physical
Society;
Institute
of Electrical
and Electronics
Engineers;
Phi
Eta
Sigma;
Phi
Kappa Phi;
Sigma Tau;
Sigma
Xi
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RUSSELL TARG
Senior Research Physicist
Radio Physics Laboratory
Systems Research and Analysis Division
SPECIALIZED PROFESSIONAL COMPETENCE
Development of high-power gas
lasers; FM laser and supermode laser
techniques;
optical modulation and demodulation;
microwave diagnostic
techniques; microwave generation from plasmas;
research in remote
sensing and other psychoenergetic phenomena
PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE
Sylvania Corporation;
investigation of techniques
for development of
new gas
lasers, making use of research with compact,
self-contained
multikilowatt CO 2
lasers
Technical Research Group;
experiments
in new gaseous
laser media
Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn;
assisted in the
establishment of
Electron Beam Laboratory
Sperry Gyroscope Company, Electron Tube Division;
experimental work in
microwave generation from plasmas;
early work in the technology of
ultrahigh-vacuum and
ion-pump
design.
ACADEMIC BACKGROUND
B.S.
in physics
(1954), Queens College, New York;
graduate work in
physics
(1954-56)
, Columbia University
PUBLICATIONS AND INVENTIONS
Author or coauthor of more
than thirty articles
on lasers and plasma
research,
and more recently,
the
first major publication of research
on psychoenergetic phenomena
in Nature and
in
the Proceedings
of
the
IEEE
:
"Information Transfer Under Conditions of Sensory Shielding,"
Nature
(October
18,
1974)
and "A Perceptual Channel
for Information
Transfer over Kilometer Distances," Proc.
IEEE
(March
1976)
Coauthor of Mind-Reach:
Scientists Look at Psychical Research
(Delacorte
Press,
New York,
1976)
Invention of the
tunable plasma oscillator at microwave frequencies
PROFESSIONAL ASSOCIATIONS AND HONORS
Senior Member IEEE; American Physical Society;
President and cofounder
of Parapsychology Research Group,
a
tax-exempt California corporation
since
1963, with
research and educational objectives
in the area of
psychic
functioning
Research associate with the Polytechnic Institute
of Brooklyn
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CHARLES
T.
TART — SHORT CURRICULUM VITA
Charles
T.
Tart
is
a Professor
of Psychology at
the University of
California,
Davis,
currently on leave and acting
as
a Consultant
to
SRI.
He received his doctoral degree
in psychology from the University of
North Carolina in
1963,
after previous
study of electrical engineering
and psychology.
He taught
and conducted research at Stanford University
and
the University of Virginia School
of Medicine before accepting his
current position.
Professor Tart has
conducted research
in sleep,
dreaming,
hypnosis,
psychedelic drugs,
and parapsychology,
with his research activities
currently being focused
in the areas
of altered states
of consciousness,
transpersonal psychology,
and experimental parapsychology,
a concern
with the unrealized potentialities
of man.
Professor Tart's
scientific publications
include the following
books:
Altered State of Consciousness
(Wiley,
1969 and Doubleday,
1972);
Transpersonal Psychologies
(Harper & Row,
1975)
;
States
of Consciousness
(Dutton,
1975)
;
The Application of Learning Theory to
ESP Performance
(Parapsychology Foundation,
1975)
;
and Learning
to use Extrasensory
Perception
(University of Chicago Press,
1976)
as well
as more than one
hundred scientific articles
and papers
in journals such as Science and
Nature as well
as more specialized
journals.
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REFERENCES
1.
H.
Puthoff and
R.
Targ,
"A Perceptual Channel
for Information
Transfer over Kilometer Distances:
Historical Perspective and
Recent Research," Proc.
IEEE,
Vol.
64,
No.
3,
pp.
329-354
(March 1976),
UNCLASSIFIED.
2.
H.
E.
Puthoff and
R.
Targ,
"Direct Perception of Remote Geo-
graphical Locations, " Proc.
IEEE Electro/77 Special Session on
the State of the Art
in Psychic Research,
New York,
N. Y.
(April
i'9-il,
1977),
iMclaS'SIF'IH).
3.
R.
Targ,
H.
E.
Puthoff and
E.
C.
May,
"State of the Art
in Remote
Viewing Studies at
SRI, " Proc.
1977
IEEE International
Conf.
on
Cybernetics and Society
(Technical Session on Research in Psycho-
energetics ),
Washington,
D.C.
(September
20,
1977),
UNCLASSIFIED.
4.
L.
F.
Maire III and Major
J.
D.
LaMothe,
MSC,
"Soviet and Czecho-
slovakian Parapsychology Research," DIA Document
No.
DST-1810S-
387-75
(September
1975),
UNCLASSIFIED.
5.
L.
L.
Vasiliev,
"Experimental Studies
of Mental Suggestion,"
JPRS Document No.
59163,
NTIS,
Springfield,
Virginia
(31 May 1973),
UNCLASSIFIED.
6.
I.
M.
Kogan,
"Is Telepathy Possible?," Radio Eng.
,
Vol.
21,
p.
(January 1966),
UNCLASSIFIED.
7.
I.
M.
Kogan,
"Telepathy,
Hypotheses and Observations," Radio Eng. ,
Vol.
22,
p.
141
(January 1967),
UNCLASSIFIED.
8.
I.
M.
Kogan,
"Information Theory Analysis of Telepathic Communication
Experiments," Radio
Eng.
,
Vol.
23,
p.
122
(March 1968),
UNCLASSIFIED.
9.
I.
M.
Kogan,
"The Information Theory Aspect of Telepathy," RAND
Publication P-4145,
Santa Monica,
California
(July 1969),
UNCLASSIFIED
*
10.
E.
C. Wortz
et al.,
"Novel Biophysical Information Transfer
Mechanisms
(NBIT)," Document
No.
EW-76-010,
Final Report on
Contract No.
XG-4208
(54-20) 75S,
Airesearch Manufacturing Company
of California,
a division of Garrett Corporation (January
14,
1976),
UNCLASSIFIED.
11.
E.
C.
Wortz et al.,
"An Investigation of Soviet Psychical Research,"
Proc.
IEEE Electro/77
Special Session on the State of the Art
in
Psychic Research,
New York,
N. Y.
(April
19-21,
1977),
UNCLASSIFIED.
12.
W.
P.
Zinchenko,
A.
N.
Leontiev,
B.
M.
Lomov,
and A.
R.
Luria,
"Parapsychology:
Fiction or Reality?," Question of Philosophy ,
Vol.
9,
pp.
128-136
(1973),
UNCLASSIFIED.
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SG1A
13.
N. E.
Bauman,
"Unsolved Riddles:
Phenomena Amongst Us," Leninskoye
Znamya,
p.
(April
28,
1974),
UNCLASSIFIED.
17.
V.
Ye.
Fidel'man
et al.,
"Procedure and Results
of an Experimental
Check of the Possibilities
for Telepathic Communication,"
FTD-ID(RS)-1336-77,
UNCLASSIFIED.
18.
B.
Berlin and
P.
Kay,
Basic Color Terms
(University of California
Press,
Berkeley and Los Angeles,
1969),
UNCLASSIFIED.
19.
C.
Tart,
"Card Guessing Tests:
Learning Paradigm or Extinction
Paradigm?,"
J.
Amer.
Soc.
Psych.
Res.,
Vol.
60,
pp.
46-55
(1966),
UNCLASSIFIED.
20.
C.
Tart,
"Toward Conscious
Control
of Psi Through Immediate
Feedback Training:
Some Considerations
of
Internal Processes,"
J.
Amer.
Soc.
Psych.
Res.
,
Vol.
71,
pp.
375-408
(1977),
UNCLASSIFIED.
21.
C.
Tart,
Learning
to Use Extrasensory Perception
(University of
of Chicago
Press,
Chicago,
1976),
UNCLASSIFIED.
22.
C,
Tart,
"Effects
of Immediate Feedback on ESP Performance Over
Short Time Periods,"
J.
Amer.
Soc.
Psych.
Res,,
in press,
UNCLASSIFIED.
23.
C.
Tart,
J.
Palmer,
and
D.
Redington,
"Effects
of Immediate
Feedback on ESP Performance:
A Second Study,"
J.
Amer.
Soc.
Psych.
Res.
,
in press,
UNCLASSIFIED.
24.
R.
Targ,
P.
Cole,
and
H.
Puthoff,
"Development
of Techniques
to
Enhance Man/Machine Communications," NASA,
Final Report,
Contract
No.
953653 under NAS
7-100
(1974),
UNCLASSIFIED.
25.
C.
Tart,
Psi:
Scientific
Studies of the Psychic Realm
(Dutton,
New York,
1977),
UNCLASSIFIED.
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26.
C.
Tart,
"Improving Real-Time ESP by Suppressing the Future:
Trans -Temporal
Inhibition,"
paper presented at
Electro
77,
Institute of
Electrical and Electronic
Engineers,
New York City,
1977,
UNCLASSIFIED.
27.
C.
Tart,
"Information Processing Mechanisms and
ESP:
Trans-
Temporal
Inhibition," invited address,
American Psychological
Association,
Toronto,
1978,
UNCLASSIFIED.
UNCLASSIFIED
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