Approved For Release 2004/12/17 : CIA-RDP96-00789R001001430004-9 Abd al-Salam Jallud, number-two man in the Libyan Government In the Middie East the Libyans continue to support a wide range of terrorist groups: « The ANO—which has conducted over 100 terrorist attacks resulting in the deaths of more than 280 people and the wounding of over 650 since its founding— continues to receive significant Libyan support. The group is headquartered in Tripoli, and Libya provides the ANO with major training facilities and several million dollars annually. Qadhafi provided well over $1 million to Anmed Jabril's Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine-General Command in 1990. The group was responsible for the bombings of two US military trains in Germany in 1987 and 1988. Elements of the PLF remain based in Libya and receive fi- nancial and logistic support from the Libyan Government. The group has a long history of terrorist attacks, including 5 the hijacking of the cruise ship Achille Lauro in October 1985, which resulted in the murder of a wheelchair-bound American tourist on board, and the previously mentioned attack on a Tel Aviv beach. e Libya also funds Sa’iqa and elements of the Palestine Islamic Jihad. Libyan support for non-Palestinian groups has become increasingly selective. The main criterion appears to be the degree to which a group demonstrates a capability and willingness to attack Libya’s enemies worldwide, including US and other Western targets. In Europe, Libya maintains ties to the PIRA, despite Qadhafi’s claim earlier this year to have ended support for the group. The Libyans have contact with the Kurdish separatist group, the PKK, which has conducted numerous terrorist attacks against Turkish targets. A principal recipient of Libyan financing in Asia is the Communist Party of the Philippines (CPP) and its military wing, the New People’s Army (NPA), which has killed 10 Americans since 1987. The Libyans have provided at least $7 million to the CPP/NPA since 1987. In Latin America, the Libyans continue to search out groups willing to kill Americans. For example, last year Tripoli paid the Haitian Liberation Organization over $20,000 to carry out an attack against the US Embassy in Port-au-Prince; the group, however, failed to accomplish its mission. Libya has unsuccessfully tried to recruit the Farabundo Marti National Liberation Front in El Salvador to conduct anti-Western attacks in return for money. The Libyans also maintain contact with other terrorist groups in the region, including the Costa Rican Juan Santa Maria Patriotic Organization, Tupac Amaru Revolutionary Movement in Peru, and the Manuel Rodriguez Patriotic Front in Chile. The Anti-Imperialism Center (AIC) —also known as Mathaba—is used by the Libyan Government to support terrorist networks and thus plays an important role in Qadhafi's terrorism strategy. Established in 1982 to sup- port “‘liberation and revolutionary groups,’ the AIC has Approved For Release 2004/12/17 : CIA-RDP96-00789R001001430004-9
Approved For Release 2004/12/17 : CIA-RDP96-00789R001001430004-9 Wreckage of UTA Flight 772 sponsored a number of stridently anti-Western confer- ences in Tripoli. At the same time, the AIC’s mission is to identify and recruit revolutionaries for ideological and military training in Libya. During their training at AIC camps, individuals are selected for advanced training, including in weapons and explosives, and indoctrination. The AIC is headed by Musa Kusa, a Qadhafi confidant who is also Libya’s Deputy Foreign Minister. With represen- tatives in many Libyan embassies worldwide, the AIC runs its own independent clandestine operations and disburses payments to terrorist, insurgent, and subversive groups. Training Colonel Qadhafi continues to train Middle Eastern, African, Asian, and Latin American terrorist and dissident organiza- tions at camps in Libya, including Tripoli. The largest training camps include: ¢ Ai Qalah. About 100 kilometers.southwest.of Tripoli, it is the principal ANO facility in Libya. Over the past year the ANO has significantly expanded the size of the camp. ¢ Seven April Training Camp. Located about 9 kilometers from Tripoli, the facility provides training in terrorism and subversion to Africans and Latin Americans, as well as to Libyan military personnel. Sidi Bilal Port Facility. Terrorists who carried out the May 1990 seaborne attack against Israel were trained here. Bin Ghashir. Just south of Tripoli, it has been used to train dissidents from Africa, Asia, and Latin America in terrorist/ guerrilla tactics. Ras al Hilal. Palestinian terrorist groups have trained at this facility. 6 Approved For Release 2004/12/17 : CIA-RDP96-00789R001001430004-9
Approved For Release 2004/12/17 : CIA-RDP96-00789R001001430004-9 The Case of UTA Flight 772 On 30 October 1991 a French magistrate issued interna- tional arrest warrants against four Libyan officials for their role in the bombing of UTA Flight 772 in September 1989. The flight, which was bound from Brazzaville, Congo, to Paris via Ndjamena, Chad, exploded over the desert in southeastern Niger, killing all 171 passengers and crewmembers. Seven Americans, including the wife of the US Ambassador to Chad, were among the passengers. In addition to the warrants against Abdallah Sanussi (a relative of Qadhafi and second in command of Libya’s intelligence services), Nayli Ibrahim (one of Sanussi's subordinates), Abd Al-Azragh, and Abbas Musbah (a representative of the Libyan services in Brazzaville), the judge issued international lookout notices against Musa Kusa (head of the AIC and Deputy Foreign Minister) and Abd al-Salam Zadma. According to the charges, Al-Azragh, the First Secretary at the Libyan People’s Bureau in Brazzaville, Congo, recruited three Congolese to plant a suitcase bomb on the flight and provided them with the device. Two of the three are now in jail—one in Congo and one in Zaire. Outlook for Involvement in Terrorism Terrorism is an important instrument of Libyan foreign policy. Libya will use terrorism to further its agenda, particularly when Colonel Qadhafi believes he can plausibly deny involvement. Qadhafi's use and support of terrorism as an instrument of policy belie efforts to persuade the world that he does not sponsor terrorist acts. Libyan officials responsible for acts of terrorism remain in senior government positions. Last year Qadhafi appointed Ibra- him Bishari, the head of the Libyan intelligence service and a key player in Libyan terrorist attacks in the 1980s, as Libya's Foreign Minister. 7 Musa Kusa, Director of the Anti-imperialism Center, which organizes Libyan support for radical groups worldwide How Libya Funds Terrorists The Libyans use a variety of mechanisms to finance terrorist groups: » Tripoli frequently passes money to terrorists who train in-country. Virtually all terrorist oper- atives who are trained in Libya receive, at a minimum, travel money and a small stipend for personal expenses. - Libyan People’s Bureaus and the Anti-lmperialism Centers are used to transfer funds to terrorists. » Radical Palestinian groups often receive Libyan funding through bank accounts, particularly in the Middle East. « On rare occasions the Libyans have used couriers to deliver money to terrorist organizations; the transfer usually occurs in a third country. Approved For Release 2004/12/17 : CIA-RDP96-00789R001001430004-9
Approved For Release 2004/12/17 : CIA-RDP96-00789R001001430004-9 Libyan Training Camps Libya has trained Palestinian and other terrorists in- country since the early 1970s. In addition to the principal facilities in and around Tripoli, over the past two decades, the Libyans have operated smaller training camps dispersed throughout their country. On some occasions, terrorists are trained at Libyan military bases. For example, in 1988 members of the radical Palestinian group, the Popular Struggle Front, trained at an Air Force base in the Aouzou region. Members of the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine-General Command also are known to have trained in Libyan military camps. Non-Palestinian groups that have received training in Libya in recent years include the Ecuadorian Alfaro Vive, Carajo organization, Colombia's M-19, the Haitian Liber- ation Organization, the Chilean Manuel Rodriguez Patri- otic Front, the Armenian Secret Army for the Liberation of Armenia, and the Japanese Red Army. Trainees from Asia, Latin America, and Africa often go to Libya legally, usually pretending to be students. Some- times, Third World nationals travel to Libya for what they believe to be legitimate schooling, such as technical or religious training. When they arrive, however, they find themselves met at the airport by soldiers, placed ona truck, and transported to a terrorist/dissident training camp. Those students hostile to Libyan overtures are summarily deported and branded as unworthy students. Extremists travel to Libya using other methods as well. For example, radicals from Mauritius traveled to Tripoli in 1987, ostensibly to attend a youth conference. Instead, they went to a terrorist training camp. Foreign Minister Ibrahim Bishari. As head of the Libyan External Security organization— Tripoli’s primary external intelligence service—in the 1980s, he oversaw Libyan acts of terrorism. 8 Approved For Release 2004/12/17 : CIA-RDP96-00789R001001430004-9
Approved For Release 2004/12/17 : CIA-RDP96-00789R001001430004-9 Appendix Libyan Support for International Terrorism Since 15 April 1986 EE Summer 1990 May 1990 March 1990 September 1989 April 1989 December 1988 July 1988 Approved For Release 2004/12/17 9 Libya provided the Haitian Liberation Organization over $20,000 to carry out an attack against the US Embassy in Port-au-Prince. Haitian officials arrested two of the oper- atives before they could execute the attack. Palestine Liberation Front members attempted a seaborne raid on Israel; four were killed and 12 captured. The Libyans were involved in all aspects of the tailed operation, providing sophisticated equipment, navigational aids, ex- pert planning assistance, and weapons used in the attack. A bomb exploded on the second floor of the Hilton Hotel in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. The blast occurred about 50 meters from the suite occupied by the Israeli Ambassador. The Ethiopian Government subsequently expelled two Libyan diplomats for their alleged involvement in the incident. UTA Flight 772 exploded over Niger, killing all 171 passengers and crew on board. The French investigation concluded that Libya masterminded the operation, which was carried out by the LPB in Brazzaville, Congo. The French have issued international arrest warrants for four Libyan Government officials for their involvement in the attack. Five people—including two Americans— were injured and several vehicles damaged when a bomb exploded near the main entrance of the US-Costa Rican Binational Cultural Center in San Jose, Costa Rica. The Santa Maria Patriotic Organization carried out the attack, and its members were trained in Libya. Pan Am Flight 103 exploded over Scotland, killing all 259 persons on board, including 189 Americans. Eleven were killed on the ground in Lockerbie, Scotland. Abu Nidal organization (ANO) terrorists attacked the Greek cruise ship The City of Poros with machineguns and handgrenades. Nine people were killed and nearly 100 injured. The weapons used had been provided by Libya, and one terrorist had entered Greece using a Libyan passport. : CIA-RDP96-00789R001001430004-9
Approved For Release 2004/12/17 : CIA-RDP96-00789R001001430004-9 April 1988 February 1988 December 1987 November 1987 October 1987 October 1987 June 1987 May 1987 April 1987 Libyan-supported terrorists were involved in the bombing attack against a US Air Force communications facility near Humosa, Spain. Two known Libyan terrorists, along with a Senegalese national, were arrested in Dakar, Senegal, in possession of explosives and weapons. The USO lounge in Barcelona, Spain, was bombed, resulting in the death of one US sailor and the wounding of nine others. A fictitious group claimed responsibility for the attack. The investigation, however, implicated Libya as having sponsored the operation. The ANO hijacked the yacht Silco in international waters in the Mediterranean; the Silco carried eight Belgian and French nationals. The last of the hostages was freed on 21 January 1991. The Libyan intelligence service directed the ANO action. French customs intercepted the Eksund, a French ship carrying 150 tons of arms and explosives to the Provisional Irish Republican Army, The shipment included surface-to- air missiles and the plastic explosive Semtex. Four earlier shipments to PIRA, in 1986 and 1985, arrived at their destinations successfully. A bomb exploded at the office of World Vision, a US private voluntary organization in Moudou, Chad. No one was injured. The bomb reportedly was placed by terrorists assisted by the Libyan People’s Bureau in Cotonou, Benin. Two Libyans gunned down a Libyan dissident in Rome, italy. The hitmen were captured, and they identified themselves as members of the “Libyan Revolutionary Committee.” Two gunmen attempted to assassinate a prominent Libyan dissident in Vienna, Austria. One of the gunmen dropped his Libyan passport as he fled. Two Arabs shot and wounded a British Army warrant officer and his companion traveling in a car near Limassol, Cyprus. Two Arabs later arrested for the attack were identified as Libyan-supported terrorists. 10 Approved For Release 2004/12/17 : CIA-RDP96-00789R001001430004-9
Approved For Release 2004/12/17 March 1987 March 1987 January 1987 January 1987 September 1986 September 1986 August 1986 June 1986 April 1986 : CIA-RDP96-00789R001001430004-9 11 A bomb exploded on the Kousseri Bridge, which links Cameroon and Chad. The timer was prematurely set, killing the operative, a Chadian working on behalf of the Libyans. A bomb exploded at the cafe ‘‘L’Historil’’ in Djibouti, killing 11 and wounding over 50. The Libyan-supported Popular Struggle Front carried out the attack under threat of losing Tripoli’s financial support. A bomb exploded in a government building in Cayenne, French Guyana. The Libyan-run Islamic Call Society in Curacao assisted Guyanese dissidents to carry out the attack. A Libyan businessman and vocal critic of Colonel Qadhafi was shot and killed by two gunmen outside Athens, Greece, by suspected Libyan hitmen. Libya provided explosives used in the ANO attack against the Neve Shalom synagogue in Istanbul, Turkey, which killed 21. During an attempted hijacking of Pan Am Flight 73 in Karachi, Pakistan, ANO terrorists killed 21 people, includ- ing two Americans; 120 people were wounded. The Libyan People’s Bureau in Islamabad assisted at least one of the hijackers by providing him with travel documentation. Gunmen attacked the British Air Base at Akrotiri, Cyprus, using mortars, rocket-propelled grenades, and small-arms fire, wounding two British nationals. The six terrorists escaped by pretending to be members of a Libyan Arab Airlines flight, and the captain made false statements to airport authorities about the crew’s size to disguise their presence. In addition, markings on mortar parts recovered from the attack showed the weapons to be part of two separate shipments delivered to Libya in 1976 and 1977. A Libyan businessman opposed to Colonel Qadhafi was shot dead in Versailles, France, by Libyan hitmen. Libya was behind the shooting of a US Embassy officer in North Yemen. Two Libyans were apprehended as they approached the US Officer's Club in Ankara, Turkey, to attack it with six Soviet-made fragmentation grenades they had received from the Libyan People’s Bureau. Approved For Release 2004/12/17 : CIA-RDP96-00789R001001430004-9
Approved For Release 2004/12/17 : CIA-RDP96-00789R001001430004-9 April 1986 Libya arranged for the murder of one American and two (continued) British hostages in Lebanon. Libya was linked to the shooting of a US Embassy officer in Khartoum, Sudan. 12 Approved For Release 2004/12/17 : CIA-RDP96-00789R001001430004-9