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The protocol
for each of the two tests was
as
follows.
Target
pools
of
six San Francisco Bay Area target
locations each were assembled in
advance of
the tests.
During
a test
a pair of experimenters
comprising
a target demarcation team went
at
a prearranged time to a randomly-
determined site and remained there
for
15 minutes.
During this period a
subject on board the submersible, monitored by an experimenter blind to
the target
pool,
registered his
impressions
as
to where
the target
demarcation team was,
500 miles
away,
as
per standard remote viewing
protocol.
When shown the target
list
(for the first
time)
after the
remote viewing trial was
completed,
the subject was
asked to make
a
choice
as
to which target
of
the
set
of six was viewed.
Two trials of
this
type were
carried out,
one each with two subjects.
(Four were planned in accordance with a prearranged time schedule,
but
two were aborted because
the submarine did
not
follow its
diving schedule.)
For the first trial the submersible was
at
a depth
of
170 m in water
340 m deep.
Figure
shows
the subject's
response
to the target
demar-
cated by the outbound team,
a
large oak tree.
The subject
correctly
described
a
large tree,
framed against
a drop-off,
and had no difficulty
choosing the correct
target from the
list
of
six potential targets.
For the second trial
the submersible rested on the bottom in 78 m
of water.
The outbound team again went
at
a prearranged time to one
of six
possible locations
(chosen from a new
list by
a random procedure),
a
shopping mall shown in Figure
4.
Figure
5 shows
the subject
* s response
to the
target.
The subject
correctly indicated the flat
stone flooring,
small pool,
reddish stone walk,
and people walking around in an enclosed
space.
When shown the target
list,
the subject
chose the correct target
location.
Therefore,
in the two trials
that were carried out
from the
submersible,
the subject
in each
case selected the correct
one
out
of
six targets,
events
whose combined probability of occurring by chance
is
p
= 1/36
= 0.028.
To determine the significance of the success
of
the remote viewing
experiment with regard to the ELF hypothesis, we examine the shielding
effect
of
170 m of seawater
(for the first
trial).
The appropriate
calculations
have been carried out by the authors;
we quote the salient
features
here.
Three modes
of propagation have
to
be
considered.
They are
the
TE,
TM,
and quasi-TEM modes
of propagation.
(The
latter
is generally
assumed in Project Sanguine /Seafarer calculations, where
one
considers
coupling into the spherical resonant
cavity comprised
of
the earth’s
surface
as
the inner radius, and the ionosphere
as
the outer radius.
)
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on
a
hilltop
in
Portola
Valley,
California.
Subject's
first
words
were:
“A
very
tall
looming
object.
A
very,
very,
hugh
tall
tree
and
a
lot
of
space
behind
them.
There
almost
feels
like
there
is
a
drop-off
or
a
palisade
or
a
cliff
behind
them.
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FIGURE 4
SHOPPING MALL TARGET USED
IN SUBMERSIBLE EXPERIMENT NUMBER 2
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C
'co
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Table
shows
the minimum attenuation results
for the three cases
,
assuming
a depth of
170 m and
a
lower frequency limit
of
10 Hz
(alpha
brainwave frequency),
(The attenuation is higher at higher frequencies,)
We see that in all
cases there
is
greater than
a 20 dB
(factor
of
100)
attenuation of
a
10-Hz ELF signal.
The results
are therefore suggestive
that the postulated ELF electromagnetic radiation mechanism is
not viable
as
a mechanism for remote viewing,
A definitive
test,
of
course,
requires
a lengthy series
of experiments
carried out
at,
say,
1000 m, where
10-Hz
attenuation reaches more than 100 dB,
Finally, we note that although the subjects
indicated that they had
experienced some degree
of
stress
due
to cramped conditions
and sea-
sickness
,
these environmental factors
did not appear to affect
the quality
of performance negatively.
VI
REMOTE VIEWING OF TRANSCONTINENTAL TARGET SITES
After establishing the data base
of more than
50 remote—viewing
experiments with local targets
(sites within a
few kilometers), we under-
took
a series
of five trials
designed to provide an indication as
to
whether an increase in subject-target separation to transcontinental
distances would degrade
the quality or accuracy of perception.
A major
motivation for this effort was
the desire
to accumulate further data
aimed at determining whether remote viewing might
be mediated by extremely
low-frequency
(ELF) electromagnetic waves.
Under simple
forms
of
this
hypothesis,
one would expect
a degradation in accuracy as
the subject-
target distance
is increased from
a few kilometers
to several thousand
kilometers
.
As
a secondary goal, we were interested in the real-time data rate,
another important factor
in assessing the ELF hypothesis.
Therefore,
the
subjects were encouraged to describe real-time activity during the viewing
period.
The methodology with regard to experimental design again was
designed
to eliminate possible
cueing paths.
The protocol was
as
follows.
Arrange-
ments were made in advance of each trial
(via telephone or computer tele-
conferencing)
as
to the trial
start time.
The targets were then determined
(following disconnect)
either by random-number generator entry into
a
previously prepared target
list unknown to subject and experimenters with
the subject,
or in one case, on the basis
of
site selection by an inde-
pendent,
skeptical
challenger.
The duration of each trial was fifteen
minutes
.
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