Approved For Release zo0orodie EA bD EDR n00s1 00060001. improve the technique. Besides the possibility of a “secure” communications channel, it is possible that kidnapped victims and POWs could “send” information about their circumstances. 1.1.9 (S/NF) Countermeasures (S/NF) Countermeasures can be examined from both the AC and AP perspectives. If the basic re- search about the source and/or transmission characteristics prove correct, then Countermeasures are possible within the context of AC primarily through jammingand deception. Countermeasures will re- main part of the application potential of the CSP’s basic research program. 2. (U) Anomalous Perturbation (U) The areas of research under the general heading of anomalous perturbation (AP) can be divided into two broad categories: macroscopic and microscopic. Macro—AP involves a mental interaction with “human-—size” objects, whereas micro—AP implies an interaction with microscopic amounts of matter including individual atoms or single biological cells. (U) Research of anomalous perturbation is problematical in that the definition of AP is a negative one: After all known sources of perturbation have been eliminated, what is left is defined as. AP. To isolate a physi- cal/biological system completely from all known sources of perturbation is very difficult. Yet, subjective and laboratory reports of large—scale, putative AP effects continue to appear in the open literature. (U) The earlier program analyzed 10—years of research literature and found that a definite conclusion about the existence of macro—AP is not possible, and concluding anything about it existence from the “field” literature is even more difficult.8 (U) Also in the earlier program, many different physical systems were examined. After careful exper- imentation, the program was still unable to confirm the existence of macro—AP in the laboratory.&7.8 (U) In a related effort, a single quantum measurement experiment involving photons showed that con- sciousness was not a necessary condition for reality. (VU) Research of microscopic anomalous perturbation is more substantial. A recent report in Founda- tions of Physics analyzed over 800 individual micro—AP experiments involving random number genera- tors.29 In these experiments, it is generally claimed that an unknown micro—AP process perturbs the generating hardware to produce distorted output statistics. The report further analyzed an extensive set of alternative hypotheses to explain the robust, combined statistical result, and found that none were sufficient to account for the data. However, the heuristic model, Decision Augmentation Theory, has convincingly shown, that these effects are due to a form of AC rather than AP." (U) The main focus of this research plan for macro—AP should be in the analysis of non—AP mecha- nisms for the effects that are persistently reported in the literature. For example, what are the electro- static conditions that must exist in order to move small objects isolated under a glass bell jar, or what are the metallurgical conditions that might allow the the bending of rigid metal rods? (U) The future research of micro—AP should begin with attempts to falsify the predictions of the Deci- sion Augmentation Theory in a variety of target systems. A Long—Term, Integrated, Basic and Applied Research Plan (U) 10 ABRAVdd For Release 2000 TERS SEER B He da hibR003100060001-1
Approved For Release 2000/0908 COTRERDNQEORN 9R003100060001-1 DRAFT 3. (U) Integration © (S/NF) Research of anomalous mental phenomena must be integrated not only within its own commu- nity, but, more importantly, within the broader range of physical and behavioral sciences. In addition intelligence applications should also be integrated with that user community. 3.1 (U) Research Integration (U) Figure 1 shows a set of descriptions that are specifically related to AC and AP research. The bi—di- rectional arrows indicate that an exchange of data and ideas are possible between the disciplines shown and the CSP. For example, some of the current ideas in meta-analysis of behavioral data that are popu- lar within the psychology community came for the traditional parapsychological research communi- ty.2031 "Yet most all of the psychological screening techniques that are popular with the CSP were developed within traditional psychology. Psychology General Relativity Anthropology Quantum Measurement , Psychophysiology Cognitive Thermodynamics Sciences Psychoimunology Program . . Statistics/Signal Analysis Cognitive Neuroscience Neuro —networks Cognitive Psychology Artificial Intelligence UNCLASSIFIED Figure 1 (U) Integration of Scientific Disciplines (U) Recently the American Anthropological Association formed a new division, The Society for the An- thropology of Consciousness, That division is establishing a technical journal to support anthropological research of consciousness. The CSP plan includes collaborative research with members of this division who may be able to contribute to the cultural dependencies of the AC receiver (i.e., detector efficiency). (U) The psychophysiology of vision has already contributed to the earlier program.21 Much of what is currently known about the mechanisms and techniques of subliminal perceptions comes from this disci- pline. The CSP anticipates a collaborative effort with researchers at SRI International and Edinburgh University in attempt to understand how the central nervous system process subliminal stimuli. This should assist in the CSPs search for an AC evoked response. (U) The relationship between mind and body is currently discussed in the research literature? as well as the popular press. Researchers at the California Institute for Transpersonal Psychology have been active in investigating the role of mental attitudes and body chemistry. While there may not be a direct link with AC, and exchange of techniques and experimental designs would be helpful. A Long—Term, Integrated; Basic and Applied Research Plan (U) 11 ABP Sied For Release 2000/G BE RON DEO Rib oR003100060001-1
Approved For Release 2000/0848 CURER MAF ORY R003100060001-1 DRAFT (UV) The Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience contains at least one article of interest to the CSP each issue. This discipline is where most of the cognitive work with the neuromagnetism is conducted. The CSP has already discussed the possibility of a collaborative effort with researchers at the NIH. (U) Stanford University has been conducting research on internal imagery. The manipulation and con- trol of internal imagery is extremely important in understanding the source of internal noise during an AC session and a collaborative effort with Stanford should yield immediate results in noise reduction. (O) As was mentioned in Section 1.1.5 (i.e.,Analysis), artificial intelligence has been studying both ele- ment with regard to AC analysis—natural scenes and natural language. While artificial vision may not yield immediate results, some of the aspects of scene analysis would contribute. (U) Neuronetworks have already been used successfully in AP research.2? These networks are particu- larly good at recognizing subtle patterns in complex data, and are being applied in the subjective arena of decision making in business.*4 In order to improve AC analysis, the CSP will conduct a collaborative effort with other SAIC scientists who are active in neuronetwork research and with selected individuals who have had success with highly subjective data. (VU) Statistics is the heart of AC research in that most of the results are usuaily in statistical terms. Hy- pothesis testing has traditionally been the primary focus, but there are other possible approaches that should be explored. Statistics researchers at Harvard have expressed interest in contributing to a CSP research effort. (U) A major portion of the CSP’s effort will be a search for an AC evoked response in the brain. Sophis- ticated signal processing is required in that magnetic signals from the brain can not be easily character- ized by standard statistical practices. Thus many of the traditional signal analysis methods are invalid. Los Alamos National Laboratory has expressed interest in contributing in this domain. (U) Classical statistical thermodynamics may be the heart of understanding the nature of an AC source of information. As was mentioned in the Historical Background section above, a concept called entropy may be related to what is sensed by AC. The CSP intends to collaborate with a variety of university physics departments to calculate the appropriate parameters. (U) Researching the nature of quantum reality involves understanding the mechanisms and definitions of what constitutes a measurement. The earlier CSP publication provided valuable insight into the role of consciousness in determining quantum reality; however, a number of single—neutron experiments should be conducted. Researchers at an Austrian university in Vienna, have been studying the effects of very slow neutrons.>> Their experiments are particularly suited for the study of conscious effects on single particles. (U) As was mentioned in Section 1.1.7 (i.e., Basic Research), physics research has indicated that it may be possible for information to travel backward in time.25 The physics department at the California Institute of Technology has been the center for this research in general relativity. The CSP will collabo- rate with them to calculate time —reversed information flow parameters. A Long—Term, Integrated, .Basic and Applied Research Plan (U) 12 RbWiSied For Release 2000/83/05 BE-RONG@FARM9R003100060001-1
Approved For Release 2000/0 ECE LADEN ro02100080001-1 3.2 (S/NF) Integration linto the intelligence Community (S/NF) In Section 1.1.6, we discussed how AC data in support of operational activity should be consid- ered as just one additional source of HUMINT data. Ifthe CSP, working with appropriate government agencies, could be successful at that task, then the infrastructure already exists for seamless integration into the intelligence community. SG1B .A Long—Term, Integrated, Basic and Applied Research Plan (U) 13 AR ASved For Release 2000/60 .65+ BR RDNOFORNoR003100060001-1
Approved For Release 20oorceide CebRDMLE BRN R003 100080001. IV CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS (U) (S/NF) This report has described a multi—facited, integrated, long—term basic and applied research plan. If all the topics are fully implemented in parallel, the plan entails an effort of approximately 125 man—years over the next five years. This includes a prime contractor, a large variety of subcontractors, appropriate hardware, support, and signifi icant collaboration with appropriate government agencies in support and development of intelligence applications. (S/NF) The CSP recommends a graduated effort that builds upon the previous and current program ~ toward the fully implemented research endeavor in the next few years. The program provides for many mileposts checks not only to effectively direct the research, but also to determine its level of effort. The CSP further recommends that the government maintain significant policy oversight and direct that the technical effort be closely monitored by a panel of scientific experts. A Long-Term, integrated, Basic and Applied Research Plan (U) 14 Apir6idd For Release 2000/0848 CORERDPANSORS R003100060001-1
Approved For Release 2000/08/08 : CIA-RDP96-00789R003100060001-1 ALL, FIGURES ARE UNCLASSIFIED IN THEIR ENTIRETY Approved For Release 2000/08/08 : CIA-RDP96-00789R003100060001-1
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Approved For Release 2000/08/08 : CIA-RDP96-00789R003100060001- UwoTDeeS Jearaoay (1) Lg ensny Loe ae G3ISISSVIONN wemolg sIixg ajepripued suolyendog aourjdaooy popspesuy, To} BSI) o1eprpueD sploeds — o1np2s01g; IBATOI9 YT suoneindog i yoday 19g / payoajas [mea ABojoIsAyg — Arpqudessng oyoudAyy SOINPaId01g UOHIE[9S -1 -RDP96-00789R003100060001 Approved For Release 2000/08/08 : CIA
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