352 S S Oo = > o>] [oe] Oo RELIABILITY (probability of correctly .. determining .message being. transmitted) S ho 0 +0.4 +0.2 0 -0.2 -0.4 W (psi parameter) Fig. 19. Reliability’ curve for sequential sampling procedure (Py, = 0.4, ' Py = 0.6, = 0.01, 8 = 0.01). the upper or the lower limit line is reached, at which point a decision is made to accept 0 or 1 as the bit being transmitted. Channel reliaility (probability of correctly determining message being transmitted) as a function of operative psi parameter y is plotted in Fig. 19. As observed, the sequential sampling procedure can result in 90 percent or greater reliability with psi parameters on the order of a few percent. Implementation of the sequential sampling procedure re- quires the transmission of a message coded in binary digits. Therefore, the target space must consist of dichotomous ele- ments such as the white and green cards used in the experi- ments by Ryzl. | In operation, 4 sequence corresponding to the target bit (0 or 1) is sent and the cumulative entries are made (Fig. 18) until a decision is reached to accept either a 1 or a O as the bit being transmitted. At a prearranged time, the next sequence is begun and continues as above until the entire message has been received. A useful alternative, which relieves the percipient of the burden of being aware of his self-contradiction from trial to trial, consists of cycling through the entire message repeti- tively and entering each response on its associated graph until a decision has been reached on all message bits. The authors have used this téchnique successfully in a pilot study, but a discussion of this would take us beyond the intended scope of this paper. From the results obtained in such experiments, the channel bit rate can be agcertained for the system configuration under consideration. Furthermote, bit rates for other degrees of reliability (ie., for other Po, P;, &, and 8) can be estimated by construction of ¢ther decision curves over the same data base and thus provide a measure of the bit rate per degree of reliability. , In summary, thie procedures described here can provide fora specification of the characteristics of a remote- -sensing channel under well-defined conditions. These procedures also provide for a determination of the feasibility of such a channel for particular applications. APPENDIX B REMOTE-VIEWING TRANSCRIPT Following is the unedited transcript of the first experiment with an SRI volunteer (S6), a rauis 25 in the computer science laboratoty, w. Approved For Approved For®tlease 2001/03/26 : CIA-RDP9600787R000200080007-7 EE, MARCH 1976 viewing. The target, determined by random procedure, was White’s Plaza, a plaza with fountain at Stanford University (shown in Fig. 8). As is our standard protocol, the experi- menter with the subject is kept ignorant of the specific target visited as well as the contents of the target pool. The experi- menter’s statements and questions are italics. Today is Monday, October 7th. It is 11:00 and this is a re- mote viewing experiment with Russ Targ, Phyllis Cole, and Hal Puthoff. In this experiment Hal will drive to a remote site chosen by a random process. Phyllis Cole will be the remote viewer, and Russ Targ is the monitor. We expect this experi- ment to start at twenty minutes after eleven and run for fif- teen minutes. It is just about twenty minutes after eleven and Hal should be at his target location by now. Why don’t you tell me what kind of pictures you see and what you think he might be doing or experiencing. The first thing that came to mind was some sort of a large, square kind of a shape. Like Hal was in front of it. It wasa . not a building or something, it was a square. I don’t know if it was a window, but something like that so that the bottom line of it was not at the ground. About where his waist was, at least. That’s what it seemed to me. It seems outdoors some- how. Tree. Does Hal seem to be looking at that square? I don’t know. The first impression was that he wasn’t, but I have a sense that whatever it was was something one might look at. I don’t know if it would be a sign, but something that one might look at. Can you tell if it is on the ground or vertical? It seemed vertical. I don’t have a sense-that it was part of anything particular. It might be on a building or part of a building, but I don’t know. There was a tree outside, but I also got the impression of cement. I don’t have the impression of very many people or traffic either. I have the sense that he is sort of walking back and forth. I don’t have any more explicit picture than that. Can you move into where he is standing and try to see what he is looking at? I picked up he was touching something—something rough. Maybe warm and rough. Something possibly like cement. It is twenty-four minutes after eleven. Can you change your point of view and move above the scene so you can get a bigger picture of what’s there? I still see some trees and some sort of pavement or some- thing like that. Might be a courtyard. The thing that came to mind was it might be one of the plazas at Stanford campus or something like that, cement. Some kinds of landscaping. I said Stanford campus when I started to see some things in White Plaza, but I think that is misleading. I have the sense that he’s not moving around too much, That it’s in a small area. I guess I'll go ahead and say it, but I’m afraid I’m just putting on my impressions from Stanford campus. I had the impres- - sion of a fountain. There are two in the plaza, and it seemed that Hal was possibly near the, what they call Mem Claw. What is that? It’s a fountain that looks rather like a claw. It’s a black sculpture. And it has benches around it made of cement, Are there any buildings at the place you are looking at? Are Release 3601 03/26" CHK RDPYE C6787 RotesbddsbNOT-7 wr
PUTHOFF AND TARG: PERCEPTUAL CHAN Usually at some places there shouid be a building, large or smail that the courtyard is about. Look at the end or the sides of the courtyard. Is there anything to be seen? I have a sense that there are buildings. It’s not solid build- ings. I mean there are some around the periphery and I have a sense that none of them are very tall. Maybe mostly one story, maybe an occasional two story one. Do you have any better idea of what your square was that you saw at the outset? No. I could hazard different kinds of guesses. Does it seem part of this scene? It... I think it could be. It could almost be a bulletin board or something with notices on it maybe. Or something that people are expected to look at. Maybe a window with things in it that people were expected to look at. What kind of trees do you see in this place? I don’t know what kind they are. The impression was that they were shade trees and not terribly big. Maybe 12 feet of trunk and then a certain amount of branches above that. So that the branches have maybe a 12 foot diameter, or some- thing. Not real big trees. New trees rather than old trees? Yeah, maybe 5 or 10 years old, but not real old ones. Is there anything interesting about the pavement? No. It seems to be not terribly new or terribly old. Not very interesting. There seems to be some bits of landscaping around. Little patches of grass around the edges and periph- eries. Maybe some flowers. But, not lush. You saw some benches. Do you want to tell me about them? Well, that’s my unsure feeling about this fountain. There was some kind of benches of cement. Curved benches, it felt like. They were of rough cement. What do you think Hal is doing while he is there? I have a sense that he is looking at things trying to project them. Looking at different things and sort of walking back and forth not covering a whole lot of territory. Sometimes standing still while he looks around. I just had the impression of him talking, and I almost sense that it was being recorded or something. I don’t know. if he has a tape recorder, but if it’s not that, then he is saying some- thing because it needed to be remembered. Jt’s 11:33. He’s just probably getting ready to come back. ACKNOWLEDGMENT The authors wish to thank the principal subjects, Mrs. Hella Hammid, Pat Price, and Ingo Swann, who showed patience and forbearance in addition to their enthusiasm and outstanding perceptual abilities. We note with sadness the death of one of our subjects, Mr. Price. We express our sincere thanks also to Earle Jones, Bonnar Cox, and Dr. Arthur Hastings, of SRI, and Mrs. Judith Skutch and Richard Bach, without whose en- couragement and support this work could not have taken place. REFERENCES (1] J. R. Smythies, Ed., Sctence and ESP. London, England: Rout- ledge, 1967, [2] C. Evans, “Parapsychology—What the questionnaire revealed,” New Scientist, Jan. 25, 1973, p. 209, [3] A. Gauld, The Founders of Psychical Research. New York: Schocken Books, 1968. See also W. Crookes, Researches in the Phenomena of Spiritualism. London, England: J. Burns, 1874. (4] R. Targ and H. Puthoff, “Information transmission under condi- tons ‘ABprOVEd For Reread POPHES/26 : Approved For Releasg,200 1/03/26 : CIA-RDP96-00787RQ0200080007-7 F ‘OR INFORMATION TRANSFER * [43] 353 18, 1974, ° [5] D. D. Home, Lights and Shadows of Spiritualism. New York: G, W. Carleton, 1877, [6] J. Coover, Experiments in Psychical Research. Palo Alto, CA: Stanford Univ. Press, 1917. [7] G. Estabrooks, Bull. Boston Society for Psychical Research, 1927. See also [12, pp. 18-19]. {8} L. T. Troland, Techniques for the Experimental Study of Telep- athy and Other Alleged Clairvoyant Processes. Albany, NY, 1928. {9] J. B. Rhine, New Frontiers of the Mind. New York: Farrar and Rinehart, 1937. [10] J. Pratt and J. B. Rhine et al., Extra-Sensory Perception after Sixty Years. New York: Henry Holt, 1940. [11] C. 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Bowden, The Mind Readers: Recent Experi- ments in Telepathy. New Haven, CT: Yale Univ. Press, 1954. C. Honorton, “Error some place!” J. Commun., vol. 25, no. 1 (Annenberg School of Commun.), Winter 1975. M. Ryal, “Training the psi faculty by hypnosis,” J. Amer. Soc. Psychical Res., vol. 41, pp. 234-251, 1962. CIBA Foundation Symposium on Extra Sensory Perception. Boston, MA: Little, Brown, 1956. M. Ryzl and J. Pratt, “A repeated-calling ESP test with sealed cards,” J. Parapsychol., vol. 27, pp. 161-174, 1963, ——~, “A further confirmation of stabilized ESP performance in a selected subject,” J. Parapsychol., vol. 27, pp. 73-83, 1963. J. Prati, “Preliminary experiments with a ‘borrowed’ ESP sub- ject,” J. Amer. Soc. Psychical Res., vol. 42, pp. 333-345, 1964, J. Pratt and J. Blom, “A confirmatory experiment with ‘bor- rowed’ outstanding ESP subject,” J. Amer. Soc. Psychical Res., vol. 42, pp, 381-388, 1964. W. G. Roll and J. G. Pratt, “An ESP test with aluminum targets,” J. Amer. Soc. Psychical Res., vol. 62, pp. 381-387, 1968. J. Pratt, “A decade of research with a selected ESP subject: An overview and reappraisal of the work with Pavel Stepanek,” Proc, Amer, Soe. Psychical Res., vol. 30, 1973. C. Shannon and W. Weaver, The Mathematical Theory of Com- munication, Urbana, IL: Univ. Illinois Press, 1949. M. Ryzl, “A model for parapsychological communication,” J, Parapsychol., vol. 30, pp. 18-31, Mar. 1966. C. Tart, “Card guessing tests: Learning paradigm or extinction paradigm,” J. Amer, Soc. Psychical Res., vol. 60, p. 46, 1966, M, Uliman and S. Krippner, with A. Vaughan, Dream Telepathy. New York: Macmillan, 1973. C. Honorton, “State of awareness factors in psi activation,” J. Amer. Soc. Psychical Res., vol. 68, pp. 246-257, 1974. Proc. 2nd Int. Congr. Psychotronic Research (Monte Carlo). Cotati, CA: Int. Assoc. Psychotronic Res., 1975, L. L. Vasiliev, Experiments in Mental Suggestion. Hampshire, England: ISMI Publ., 1963. I. M. Kogan, “Is telépathy possible?’’ Radio Eng., vol. 21, p. 75, Jan. 1966. —,, “Telepathy, hypotheses and observations,” Radio Eng., vol. 22, p. 141, Jan. 1967, —, “Information theory analysis of telepathic communication experiments,” Radio Eng,, vol. 23, p. 122, Mar. 1968. —, “The information theory aspect of telepathy ,” RAND Publ., Santa Monica, CA, p. 4145, July 1969. A. S, Presman, Electromagnetic Fields and Life. Plenum, 1970, Y¥. A. Kholodov, Ed., Influence of Magnetic Fields on Biological Objects, IPRS 63038, NTIS, Springfield, VA, Sept. 24, 1974. : Y..A. Kholodov, “Investigation of the direct effect of magnetic fields on the central nervous system,” in Proc. Ist Conf. Psycho- tronic Res., JPRS L/5022-1 and 2, Sept. 6, 1974. PB Mennie, “Consumer electronics,” IEEE Spectrum, vol. 12, p. 34-35, Mar, 1975. CEARDP96200787 ROCOLDOOBOOOTER. ®. 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variable Vu} freq. t ws Cee wea mee: output kinetico—alt’r, ~->- LL Voc 36 rectifier AF Me [ MADARA YOWNN WWW | valve linve [ | Vi AMY Yokoo i AN AAARRAANS ec dinvr 2Ina 3¢ inverter L yaw Vel [" / Va, Sal 60Hz. utility bus | m Ib = T3434, i Te = I5656-~ i r Fig. 2. Waveforms of voltages and currents along the asynchronous link. Case I: Kinetico-alternator speed ¥ 1.0 pu. V,1,?, * 1.0 pu. variable Vi} “es, 7 kinetico—alt’r. L 36 rectifier y ely inv’r =Ina } valve bine [ rm) m on “| Voc [ - nN ea Cc eaka eh dah WAAAAN AANA 36 inverter ‘7 \ Yas, Yh ne . NX uf pth f\ tN A. _ VN-L L\.. “A. 60 Hz. utility bus L f lo = biz. 5 m I = T5434 i e Te = I5656,-- i t Fig. 3. Waveforms of voltages and currents along the asynchronous link. Case I: Kinetic-alternator speed * 0.44 pu. V,1,P, © 1.0 pu. rated charge—the frequency converter thereby supplying losses.) 6) At full charge and superwheel rated speed, CB3 can be closed, with CB1 and CB2 open. At this point the controlled firing-angle 8 (with constant-extinction-angle, CEA, override) of the inverter valves is auto- matically adjusted to “float” the rectifier-inverter combination by equating the average dc output V, of the rectifier with the average counter dc, V; of the inverter. This free-wheeling is maintained until power is desired from the superwhecl, whereupon B is increased lower- ing V;< V, to yicld the desired P3¢ into the utility as depicted on Figs. 2, 3, and 4, After drawdown the charge-up sequence is repeated during an off-peak time period. Thus this ac/dc/ac transmission link obviates the “usual” frequency droop and provides smooth energy flow from the kinetic storage to the fixed-frequency utility grid with little limitation on the variable-speed drive.t As such this link can be considered one general approach to many problems of variable-speed input to some form of fixed output ‘Extensive grateful credit must be given to Doctoral Candidate Bernard T. Merritt for his irreplaceable aid in setting up the equipment and instrumentation of this project. Approved For Release 2001/03/26 : a 1saa Approved For Release 2001/03/26 : CIA-RDPS8°60787Rbbq200080007-7 mm variable Vi} owt ; i kinetico—alt’r. Ty Voc ee ee ae 3¢ rectifier | | | u—b- 3@ inverter VN-L [\ f/f ; Nai 60 Hz. utility bus L: | lo = lioae- lb = T5434" Te = T5056 we Oat eee aa—-aa<3—-° 300% Fig. 4. Waveforms of voltages and currents along the asynchronous link. Case II: Kinetico-alternator speed * 0.28 pu. Vid, P, * 1.0 pu. and has related application in areas such as wind-energy conversion sys- tems, dynamic stabilization of system power-transients, recovery of slip-frequency power from the rotor of induction machines operating sub- or suprasynchronously, and others. REFERENCES {i] R. T. Dann, “The revolution in flywheels,”’ Machine Design, pp. 130-135, May 1973. (2] R. F. Post and S. F. Post, “Flywheels,” Sc. Amer., vol. 229, no. 6, pp. 17-23, Dec. 1973. (3] D. W. Rabenhorst, “Primary energy storage and the superfly- wheel,” Applied Physics Laboratory, The Johns Hopkins University, Battimore, MD, Tech. Memo. TG 1081 (Revised), Oct. 1970. [4] D. W. Rabenhorst, “Potential applications for the superfly wheel,” in Proc. Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conf., Soc. Auto. Eng. Inc., pp. 1118-1125, 1971. [5] E. J. Brunelle, “The superflywheel: A second look,” J. Eng. Mate- rials and Tech., Trans. ASME, pp. 63-65, Jan. 1973. [6] L. J. Lawson, “New uninterruptible power system alternatives us- ing high capacity kinetic energy wheels,” in Conf. Record IEEE, TAS) Eighth Annual Meeting, Milwaukee, WI, pp. 151-156, Oct. 1973. {7] A. Seireg and K. 5. Surana, “Optimum design of rotating disks,” J. Eng. for Industry, Trans. ASME, pp. 1-10, Feb. 1970. [8] E. Blauenstein, “The first gearless drive for a tube mill,’ Brown Boveri Review, vol. 57, pp. 96-105, Mar. 1970. A Confirmatory Remote Viewing Experiment in a Group Setting ARTHUR C. HASTINGS anp DAVID B. HURT Abstract—A remote viewing experiment was conducted with a group of 36 persons who successfully identified, without apparent sensory communication, a target location chosen randomly and visited by two observers (p = 6 X 1077). Success is partly attributed to procedures designed to- facilitate remote viewing abilities: asking participants to give themselves permission to have the ability, forming the group into two-person teams of viewer and coach, discussing resistances, and giving instructions on generating mental imagery and impressions. In response to the call for studies relating to the paper by Puthoff and Targ! on information transfer via “remote viewing” and other modes, we wish to report an experiment with a large number of participants in a group setting. Manuscript received May 6, 1976. The authors are with the Parapsychology Research Group, Inc., Stanford, CA 94305. 1yW, £. Puthoff and R. Targ, “A perceptual channel for information transfer over kilometer distances: Historical perspective and recent re- search,” Proc. IEEE, vol. 64, pp. 329-354, Mar. 1974. CIA-RDP96-00787R000200080007-7 anne | NI a Maem npc Abhi th tt erin at nev entmnniedient in one navman inne sat