ee . Approved For Release 2000/08/08): CiA-RDP96-00789R002200650001-6 Enhancing Human Performance nal, August 5, {986). The army, of course, will continue to have serious needs for performance enhancement and will continue to be bombarded by strong, new claims for existing and new techniques. The lack of theoretical and empirical support for many such techniques does not sti- fle their ability to capture the imagination of consumers. Sul. the Condon Report of 1968 on unidentified flying objects was cited recently (Alexander. 1989) us conlinu- ing to deeresy the envernmant’s interest in that subiect positive to substitute, stream psychology will be to translate its findings and concepts into practical enhancement techniques and to package those techniques so it can “give psychology away''—or sell it, for that matter. The committee's ef- farts, we submit, should be only an installment. i Acknowledgments—Thes article is based on a study conducted by the Nulional Research Council for the Army Research Institute and reported in Druckman and Swets (1988). The wuthars thank Daniel Druckman, Edgar M. Johnson, Alvin M. Liberman. Raymond 8. Nickerson, and Jerome E. Singer for comments on a dralt of the article. REFERENCES Aarons, 1. (1976). Sleepsassisted instruction, Pave hotumient Bulletia, AL 1A0. Alexander, 5. (1989, March/April), Enhancing human performance: A challenge to the report. New Realuies, po. Wth, 2-83, Blake. R.R.. & Mouton, 1S. (1964). The onagerial grid. Houston, TX: Gulf Bjork. R-A., & Richardson-Kiaveho. A. (1989), On the puzzling relationship he- tween enviraamental contest and human memory. In ©. [Zawa (Fd) Care rens Iksues in Cognitive processey, The Tulane Plawerce sympastam on Cognition (pp, T3344} Hillsdale, NJ. Brtbauan. Campbell, 0.7. (19748). On the Lonfllets hetween btutngical and social evolution and between psychology and mural traditiwn Americua Pry hologhy, 30, VIG3-1 126. Chi, M.T.H.. Glaser, R.. & Farr. M. (Edy.) (19881, The autre uf expects. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlhaum, Child, 1. (1988, May). Review of Enhancing Human Performance Chaice, p. SA, Druckman, D.. & Swets. LA, (Bds.). (1988). Eadanciny Aurion perfarmance, Issues, théarles. aad techniques. Washington, DC. National Academy Press. Duffy, €. 11962). Activation and petaclor, New York. Wiley Eich, E. (1989). Thearetical issuce in state-dependent memory (n H.L. Roediger & FILM, Cratk tEds.1, Variedes of memary and conselousness, Essays le punour of Endel Tualving (pp. 31-384), Hillsdale, NJ: Fribaum. Easterbrook, J.A. (1959). The effect of emation on cue udlizauen and the orga: nization of behavior. Prychological Review, 65, (RI-201, Elton, R.M, (1984, October). Cohesion and unit pride aims of the new manning system, Army Magariae, pp, 218-22K. Frazier, K. (INGE, Fall). Improving human perfurmaace, What ubout parapsy- chology? Skeptical daquirer, pp. 13, J4-45. Gillette, R. (1987, Devember 4), Exatic ways to learn doubted by U.S. Study. Las Anpeles Times, pp. t, 32. Greenberg. D. (Ed.). 11987, December 15). Science pancl chilly un paranormal weupians for Army. Science aad Government Report, p. 7 Greenberg. J. (Ed.) (1988, January 2). Offheat learning methods off target. Yet ence News, 9. | Heege. F W.. Tyner, C.F, & Genser. 8. cya), Evaluating human technologies: What questions should we ask? Memorandum, Walter Reed Army Instilute for Research, Wastington, OC. Henderson, W.D, 11984). Cotedon’ The human element in cambat, Washingion, DC: National Octense University Press. Holden. C. (1987). Academy helps Army he all that Ww gan be, Sceener, 28. 1S01-1502, Hostetler, 4.3. LOR, Januaryl. Army eyes novel icarning methods. A PA Mane lear, p72, Huyghe, P. (1989, April). Parapsychology ws. the NRC. Orin pp. 4-91. 96 he continuing challenge to main- | Hymaa, Ro 1 19K9). The paychology of decepoan, Annual Review af Prychotagy * dO, [MA IS, Jucoby. L.L., & Whitehouse, K. lin press) An illusion of memory, False recog: Aiton influenced by uncansciaus perceplion, Journal of Experimental Pv. chatewy General Jurmal. D. (December (987-Jununry [Y84). There are no casy ways ta make better soldiers. National Research Cauned News Report, pp, 2-6. Kutz, D.. & Kahn, RL, 1966) The sacial psechotogy af wreanizations New York, Wiley. . Leary, WE. (1987, December 4) Aemy"s learning panel urges offbeat atudits, New Yurk Times, p. BS | Mareet. A.J. (1983), Crnacious and unconscious perceptiun, An appragch 10 the j relaliina between ahenomenal evncricnee and qacragtial TDC A Rudnor, PA, Chilton Marrisun, P. (1948, August). Review of Batune lay Amen performance. Sct | Re Americar. pa. LOR=1Y. | Muruz7i. G.. & Magoun, H.W. (1949), Brainstein reticular formation and activa : lion of (he REG. KEG and Clintcul Neuraphystorogy. |. SST, : Myers. 1.B., & McCauley, M.A. 11985). 4 guide to the des elapmeat and seat the Myers-Brlggs Type tnditator, Palo Alto. CA’ Consulting Pxychalogials Press. Novace, R.W., Cook, TM. & Sarason. LG. (19K), Milicary recruit traning: AP | arena for stres@coping skills. In O. Meichenhaum & ME. Jarcemko [Edi | Stress reducttan and peovention. New York: Plenum Peters, TJ.. & Waterman, RH CIYR2 In searca of eceeilence, New York Harper & Row, Price. J. (1987. December 4) Punel rejects mental iclepathy, ESP fur practwal | milttury use, Wastingion Times. p, AG. Porter, LW... Lawler, L.E., & Hackman, J.R. (19781. Rehavior i orgaatcatens, New York: McGraw-Hill. Posner, M1. ({978). Psychabielogy of ultention. In M.5, Gazzaniga & C. Blake. mre (Eds.), Handbook of pyychubwiagy. New York: Acudemte Press. Richurdson, A. 1967). Mental practice: A review and discussion. Research Guar | terly, 28, 95-107, 21-273. ' Richurdson-Kluvehn, A. & Blark, R.A CI9AR), Measures of memory, Aaniai | Review uf Psychotayy. 39, 475-849 Robbins, T.W., & Everitt, BJ. (1982). Functional studies of the central cate cholumines. frernutional Review uf Neurobiology, 23, MEAS. Roherts, M. (March, 19R8), Be all thal you can he. Peve Aolagy Today. pp In 2R-29, i Rumelhart. D.E.. & MeClelland. J.L. 6]986), Purattel distributed pracesiing. | Cambridge, MA: Bradford Brooks, MIT Press : Schacter. D.L. 987). Implicit memory: History and current status, Jowsnus of Experimental Psychology Learning, Memary, and Carini, 13, 5Q1-S18 Schein. BH. (1988. Oreanizational calture and leadership, Sun Francisco: jis: sey: Buss. Schmidt, R.A.. Young. D.b.. Swinnen, S., & Shapera, D.C. (1989). Sunustary knowledge of results for skill acquisition: Support for the guidance hypett | esis. Journal of Experimental Psychology! Learnor, Memary, and Cogar ting, 15, 382-359 Shimamura, AP. (19861 Printing effects in aninesit, Evidence for a dissociatle memory function. Quarterly Journal of Reperimental Poveholegy, JHA BIR Add, i Smith. $.M. Cl9BR1. Envirnnmental context-dependent memory, in DM. Thorp son & GM. Davies (Eds). Memory in context: Contest in aeons 1p {3-44), New York: Wiley. Squires. S. UI9R7a, December 43. Army research finds possible mililary use Sr sleep learning: Parapsychology’s validity doubred, Wassington Pau, p Ali : Squires. S. (IYK7, December 8). Biofeedback: Even the Army in intersted but... . Washington Pose p. 211. Squires, S. 11988, April 17). The pentagon’s twilight Zane, Weshinyron Post 3. an) Ursin, H., Baade, F.. & Levine. $. (Eds.). 1978). Peychobtotogy of stress. 4 | study af coping men New York, Academuc Press. Wheeler, DL. (i987, December 4%), New study for National Academy of Sciences debtinks muny metheds fur enhancing human performance. Cheanwic af Higher Education, p. Ad, ‘ Wheeler, D.L. (1988. Sencember 14). Parapsychologists fire back at Nations: Academy report that called fietd unscientific and experiments flawed Chronicle af Higher Education, pp. AX. AiG. Yerkes, R.M.. & Dodson, J.P. 11908). The relationship of strength cf stimulus to rapidity of hubit formution Journal of Comparative Neuraloorcal Psvchot | agy, 18, RAAB, Zajonc, RB. Murphy. 5.7. & Ingighart, M. (1989) Faeling and facial efference Imphestions of the vascular thedry af ematon, Psychological Review, I95— bts Psvehotogy, dd. 727 VOL. 1, NO. 2. MARCH (90 tYedeck. S (1982), Review of Fakancing Auman Pecarmance, Contemparur - } -—— 3 c Vy Approved For Release 2000/08/08 : CIA-RDP96-00789R002200650001-6 "