.
(2)
THE
"MARXIST"
"PHILOSOPHICAL" ANTHROPIC PRINCIPLE
Everyone knows that there has been
the so-called
"study of nature and
man"
and
"debate over man and nature".
These are theoretical
thoughts
in
the study of the mutual
relationships between
"way of nature”
and
"way of
man",
"natural"
and
"artificial"
and
"large
universe"
and
"small
universe".
However,
the anthropic principle we are discussing here is not
the same
as any of
the anthropic principles
in the history of philosophy.
This is modern anthropic principle or the new anthropic principle.
In
the
summer of
1988 at
the Sichuan
Somatic Science
Research Conference,
the
Special Group for the Anthropic Principle convened
an
"academic discussion
conference
on
the
anthropic
principle
and
logical
thought".
At this
conference,
a comrade vividly pointed out that
"the anthropic principle is
'Marxist'
and
it is
'philosophical',
it
is that
portion
of dialectical
materialism theoretical
thought
which
is
focussed
directly
on somatic
science."
Dbviously,
our
present
study of
the anthropic principle is
basically
different
from
Dong
Zhongshu's
"Tianren
Ganying"
and
is
different
from
idealism's
"destiny"
and
the
"Zhitianshuo"
of
old
materialism.
This is
the
scientific
modern
concept
of
the anthropic
principle.
It is also the dialectical materialistic view of
the anthropic
principle.
Although
the
anthropic
principle
is
also
philosophy,
in
the
philosophy of Marxism,
it is a component factor which is of relatively
low
priority.
It and the natural dialectics are the basic methods of research
into the
anthropic principle,
or,
it
is consistent with the core of
the
scientific methodology of the anthropic principle.
(2).
CONCERNING THE STRUCTURE OF THE ANTHROPIC PRINCIPLE
Because the anthropic principle is a new science which
is
just being
established,
in
addition
to
determining the objects of its study and
its
scientific
nature
and
position,
it
should
also
gradually
launch
explorations
concerning
the
structure
of
the science of the anthropic
principle and into basic
theory.
Below we attempt
to discuss simply these
two questions and to raise some preliminary ideas.
,
:
-
Concerning the structure of
the anthropic principle,
based on current
knowledge,
it seems that we can consider the three following aspects.
1.
The question of the vertical strata of the anthropic principle.
This
is
concerned
with
the
vertical.,
stratification__LX.of
the
relationship
between
man
and
the
environment.
In 19B3, Comrade Qian
Xuesen proposed that the anthropic principle
has three
levels .which were
the universal
anthropic principle
(astronomy ) J
the macroscopic
‘ anthropic
principle( theories of Chinese Medicine and of QIGONG)
and
the. Microscopic
anthropic principle
(quantum mechanics).
In 1985,
he furtherjfpointed
out
that
in addition to the universal, macroscopic,
and
microscopic anthropic
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principles,
there
were
also
two
monej; layers ,
the expanding anthropic
principle' (theory of
the
expanding ^universe)
and
the
vague anthropic
principle
(hidden
sequence theory)-
In this way ,
the anthropic principle
is divided into five vertical
layers,
(see
il lustration one)
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2.
The question of
the horizontal series of the anthropic principle.
As the horizontal
living
environment
(space
and
time)
in which man
exists is
not the
same,
the
anthropic principle can
be divided into the
following interrelated research series.
1.
Expanding
view.
2.
Universal
view.
3.
Macroscopic
view.
;
.;
f.4.
Microscopic
view.
5.
Vague
view.
6.
Inorganic
field. ^ 7.
Human
society.
8.
Organic field.
9.
Inorganic field.
r ?vFirst is the inorganic anthropic
principle.
It
, is concerned witH^he
research
fields
of
the
relationship
of
man and the inorganic natural
world.
Second
is
the organic
anthropic principle.
It
is the research
field concerned with the relationship between man and
the organic
.
the world of
life.
Third
is the
social
anthropic
principle.
It Is/the,,
ir-eseairch field
concerned with the relationship between man and
the social
:
ecological
system.
Fourth is the complex anthropic principle.
It is the
research field concerned with the relationship between man and
the complex
v
environment
(complex system of
the
organic
environment
and
the ^ap±kl^
:
living environment)
•
At the present time,
mankind's living environment is
.
becoming more and
more
a
two
dimensional
or
multidimensional complex
^
ecological system
(see illustration one).
3.
Questions of the branches of the anthropic principle.
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Just a slight comparison of the anthropic principle and
human. ecology
and /it,
is,., easy to discover
that
the lobj^ts ^
th?iS
•
stu^X.
^re^very
relatid^;and
similar .
;
.
:
The
anthropic
,
.
environment and man and the
maiffiand^the
surrounding
environment’V^and ,their rt effectson^^ch,other
.
! their
study,
are, very
universe”
which is;
."the ^relatxonshxp between
^
envi ronmen t "iHand ^their^'ef fects .on^^ch^pther
.
Human
id;" the
surrounding
environment" £ andliiheir^e^fecis ..on^each^p^her
.
ecology
also
studies
"the
relationship
hetween
man
'
and
the
environment and
' their, 'effects
on each
. other
. "
We .can see that from the
view point of ecology,
the anthropic
principle is
nothing more ,, than
the
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view
of
the
human
body
ecology
or
human ecology.
Using
this as the
starting point,
for the question
of
the branches of study of the anthropic
principle i* can we not consider the ecologic way of
thinking?
that
there
are
differences
in
;the individuals.
If ^. we£ consider
populations and communities of mankind ,
it
seems
that
there
should
be
separate branch
studies of
tlie individual anthropic
principle,
population
anthropic) principle
and community
anthropic principle
(city and village
studies of
)le
anthropic principle
)
If
we
consider
the
different
angles
of
study
or the different
disciplines
such
as
mathematics,
physics,
chemistry,
ecology,
system
sciences and
economics,
then there should also be the branch studies of
a
mathematical
anthropic
principle,
physics
anthropic
principle,
chemistry
anthropic
principle,
ecological
anthropic
principle,
system
sciences
anthropic principles and economic anthropic
principles.
(4).
CONCERNING THE PROBLEM OF THEORETICAL EXPLORATION OF THE
ANTHROPIC PRINCIPLES
Concerning theoretical exploration
of
the anthropic principles,
based
on
current
knowledge,
at
least
the
following theoretical questions
should be explored.
1.
The categories of anthropic principles,
such as man,
nature,
the
human
body,
the environment,
populations,
anthropic
systems,
open giant
systems ,
human ecology and anthropic interrelationships.
2.
The basic principles of anthropic principles such as the coupling
principles
of
anthropic
interrelationships,
the balancing principles of
human ecology,
the evolutionary principles of
the hierarchy
of anthropic
systems,
the
principles of
the structural
functions of anthropic systems,
the principles of purposeful actions of anthropic systems,
the principles
of
regulation
and
control
in
anthropic
systems and the principles of
feedback control
in anthropic systems.
;
-
v*:;
•
. '
•.
^
3.
J The basic
laws of
anthropic
principles,
such
as
the
laws of
mutual L reliance
and
effects
of
man and nature,
the
laws of harmonious
existence and growth between man
and
nature,
the
laws
of
the adverse
effects vt of
'i the
main
body
of
man on anthropic principles,
the laws of
constructive” benefits
of anthropic/
system ecology,
economy and society.
and the laws of the irreversibility of anthropic systems
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,
exploratory opinions.
principles
and
laws'; are
only
preliminary and
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LN465-92
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE HUMAN BODY AS AN OPEN COMPLEX GIANT SYSTEM
SYSTEM PRINCIPLE OF CHINESE MEDICINE
BY:
Zhang Ruijun
of
the Institute of Space Medicine Engineering
The open complex giant system and
its methodology advocated by Mister
Qian
Xuesen
has
important
guidance
significance
for
the
important
development
of
system
sciences
and
for
basic theoretical research
in
Chinese Medicine.
This article discusses some related
questions,
and the
author
invites critical remarks and corrections from the readers.
(1)
.
THE SIMPLE SYSTEM PRINCIPLES OF CHINESE MEDICINE
Chinese medicine
is generally
characterized by
a holistic view and
dialectical treatment.
Actually
another
important
characteristic
is the
simple principle
of systems.
The systems
in Chinese medicinal theory not
only describe the characteristics of the
various component
parts such as
the internal
organs,
networks,
respiratory and circulatory and endocrine,
but they also present the characteristic nature and
laws
of
the
levels of
the systems,
such as
yin and
yang,
the
five primary elements
of metal,
wood,
water,
fire and earth,
the five atmospheric influences of rain,
fine
weather,
heat,
cold
and
wind,
and
symptoms.
They also describe
laws
governing
interaction
among
them
such
as
the
opposition,
mutual
foundation,
weakening
and strengthening
and rotation
of yin and yang and
among the five metals.
Therefore,
the basic theories
of
Chinese medicine
present
a
form of
system principle.
However,
this
is
a very commendable
point,
as modern science
does not
yet have
this type
of system overall
framework
in
its human body theories.
(2)
.
THE SYMPTOMS AND FUNCTIONAL STATES OF CHINESE MEDICINE
Qian Xuesen
advocates that
the functional
states of the human body
are
an
important topic for somatic
sciences.
He
starts
out
from the
system sciences
and proposes
that we should study the dynamic processes,
with
are
the
functional
states,
from
the
viewpoint
of
the
interrelationships
within
the
whole.
Western
medicine
accepts
he
principle of determination by cause and effect,
and
its emphasis
is
on
the
study of the specific reactions of the organs and cells
of the human body.
Actually,
in order to achieve
a
specific
function,
human physiological
activities are
all the
overall dynamics
of the coordination between the
various organ
systems
such
as
feeding,
sex,
sleeping,
alertness and
reaction
to
stimulus.
Although one specific organ system plays the major
role,
it requires the coordination
of
the various
bodily organs
to work
together to
accomplish these
acts.
Therefore,
all the overall activities
of the human body
are
functional
state
activities.
Chinese medicine
research into
symptoms does
not place
the emphasis
on the
seat
of the
disease or
on
a particular reaction
of
a
specific organ,
but
it studies
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