Approved For Release 2000/08/08 : CIA-RDP96-00789R003100280001-7 TAB Approved For Release 2000/08/08 : CIA-RDP96-00789R003100280001-7
F vol. 34, No. 5, pp. 978-978, 1989 0006-3509/89 $10.00-+.00 © 1991 Pergamon Press ple . ; jn Poland ‘ects, on th on. i Id on (recalee DISSIPATIVE FUNCTIONS OF THE PROCESSES OF F locomotion’ a yTERACTION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION WITH its locomotion: “4 BIOLOGICAL OBJECTS* ’ between th i such absea nts of the BD pods (€>2 Yu. P. Cuuxova “Otklik” Time Scientific Collective ( Ko¢-2- (Received 23 July 1987) The authors have determined the rate of generation of entropy in biological systems as a result of the irreversibility of the Processes of the interaction with electromagnetic radiation which one accompanied by rise in free energy. The characteristics of the irreversibility of the process of plant photosyathesis, human vision, etc. are presented. It is shown that in the j , processes considered, irreversibility may greatly differ (up to 108 fold). : ents (for Me he sweep of. thet he model makes © model locé function Wax > expression” SREVERSIBILITY, as is known, is an integral property of all real processes. After the sork of Prigogine [1] it is characterized by the magnitude S,, called the rate of genera- wa of entropy, the specific value of which a is called a dissipative function. Among ‘oposed forr we variety of irreversible processes of the real world we would mention but a few models” wi fh: im gxocesses Of heat and electrical conductivities, diffusion, thermal chemical reactions, ost of them 4 ac.) for which methods of calculating this magnitude have been devised. As for biolo- n this case tk; peul objects for them as for more complex systems the question has hardly ever been but only one; ; ned. Yet, the achievements of the thermodynamics of irreversible processes in the ot identical strut overcoming suck SU ast few years and, in particular, the successful application of the Landau-Vainshtcin achod for explaining the processes of energy transformation in quantum systems have @ sade possible evaluation of the magnitude S, for a large range of processes of interac- wn of electromagnetic radiation of any spectral composition with matter. The method of determining S, for endoergic processes occurring under the influence 985 ¥ electromagnetic radiation is outlined in [2]. It is applicable to open systems in the - Plenum E teady state. While in these conditions electromagnetic radiation with the energy W, sults in processes accompanied by rise in the free energy (endoergic processes) of the woducts (Fp) as compared with the free energy of the reactants (Fg) the efficiency of p. 1179, Way tus process «. fiziol. 10 ne=(Fo—Fa)/W,, (1) * shere the points above the magnitudes denote time derivatives. From the laws of ther- iodynamics for 7, we have the relation nals and <1. : . oo * Biofizika 34: No. 5, 898-900, 1989, roved For Release 2000/08/08 : CIA-RDP96-00789R003100280001-7
Interactic 976 Yu. P. CHUKOVA where S, is the flux of entropy of electromagnetic radiation with the power W,, whi is absorbed by the system. Usually relation (2) is analyzed in the approximation of the thermodynamic lime when S,=0 [3]. The limiting value of the efficiency of the system (nt) may in this cae be calculated for any system if the main characteristics of the process are known. §, may be evaluated from the difference of the real efficiency of the process (7,) from the limiting. and proces: The effects appearing in biological objects as 4 result of interaction with electro ¥ human vision < magnetic radiation and those magnitudes from which they are judged with rare excep fsadary tions cannot be interpreted as efficiency. But in threshold conditions when the biore. ; ponse vanishes one may state that the efficiency of the endoergic process is equal ts io eraihesis of zero. This aspect is considered in detail in [2]. In threshold conditions of real efficiency MeSH Tas algae i lant Ing pian $s we have oo , . S,=Wo/TS? —1. (3 . . . of 4 prophage For the red boundary of all bio-effects with a wide frequency action band and for 1 bioresonance effects the position of the zero efficiency boundary of the endoergs rate of yeasts process in the approximation of the thermodynamic reversibility of the process is give ee KOf the haeme prc by the r elation haemoglobin — c2E9 = 2akTv"[(1 +p) In(L+P0)—Poln po] ‘e The magnitud: i » E° is ity of iati this frequency: 7* aaa Processes Si. where y is frequency; Ey is the spectral density of the radiation at this trequenc, eS sand B® is the « the temperature of the system; c is the speed of light; k and h are Boltzman and Plant constants; po =c?Ey /2zhv’. “ Auld be reme The Figure illustrates this dependence for a wide frequency interval. The cnc & MERe Calculated st: of electromagnetic radiation the characteristics of which (frequency and spectral density i of the abso enter the region A cannot be transformed to the free energy of the system even In he a the width of t approximation of the thermodynamic limit (thermodynamic reversibility). The vale fered from the - E® is always higher than the spectral density ¢,,7 of the radiation of an absolute 6 eves the 5, evalt 4 = . eemeeagnin with biologi: 10 12 14 logviitzi oo yrocesses and ¢ evaluation: figlo not caus shown in [2] t< Ale “ Mensionless i: Mais, Ras it does by Position of zero boundary of endoergic processes on the plane log v—log Ey in the appror”” ealuility exceeds mation of the thermodynamic reversibility of the process. ic radiation Approved For Release 2000/08/08 : CIA-RDP96-00789R003100 ;
Bproved For Release 2000/08/08 : CIA-RDP96-00789R003100280001-7 _ Interaction of electromagnetic radiation with biological objects 977 Z y with the temperature T. Their ratio Ev /e,,7 assumes a simple form for high fre- encies (hv>kT): EP /e,7=e and for low frequencies (hv<kT): E? fe, p=In (epo). The position of the zero boundary of real processes is shifted towards high E, values through dissipative processes. These processes may be evaluated from formula (3) if it is known from the experiment under which conditions the effect disappears. System and process | Experimental conditions | S, or Sifdv S/S, fpreshold human vision at the { 4=780 nam, £0 =3x 10-26 J/em? 3-6 x 10-29 0:58 red boundary [5] A=950 nm, Ey =4x 10-2 Jfem? | 67x 10-23 1-13 [6, 7] photosynthesis of 400 om <1< 700 nm [8] unicellular algae Wy =5 x 107° Wiem? 1:2 10-8 shade-loving plants We =5x 10-5 W/cm? 1-2x 1077 light-loving plants We =5 x 10-* Wem? 1:2x 1076 synthesis of 1 prophage ve 70-4 GHz, 4dv=0°6 GHz, 35x 10-46 W, =10-* W/cm? [9] Growth rate of yeasts v=41-68 GHz, 4v=10 MHz, 3x 10-4 W? =10-* W/cm? [10] Rigidity of the haeme protein v=42:173 GHz, dve4-2 MHz, 7x 10713 bond in haemoglobin W? =10-3 W/em? [11] _— Note: The magnitude §, is measured in W/cm?-K for the processes of photosynthesis but for the other processes S,/4v is given in J/cm?-K. W2 is the density of absorbed power in threshold coaditions and £, is the correspoading spectral density of absorbed power EO =We/av, It should be remembered that to obtain correct evaluations of S, the S, values must be calculated starting not from the characteristics of the incident radiation but from those of the absorbed radiation if the width of the absorption spectrum is narrow- er than the width of the acting radiation. For the reverse ratio of bands S$, must-be considered from the spectrum of the elementary excitations in the system [4]. The Table gives the 5, evaluations for a number of processes of interaction of electromagnetic radiation with biological objects. The processes and systems included in the Table are so chosen as to demonstrate how wide is the range of values of the dissipative functions in different biological objects. It gives the evaluations of the dissipative functions both for processes the characteristics of which do not cause any doubt (human vision, plant photosynthesis) and for effects the very existence of which is of a debatable nature (bioresonance effects of u.h.f. ra- diation). Since the characteristics $, and S, essentially depend on the frequency charac- teristics of the effect then for the three last processes presented in the Table later experi- ments may introduce the most significant correctives. As shown in [2] together with S; it is desirable to use the magnitude S,/S, which being dimensionless is a more graphic characteristic. Its physical meaning is simple showing as it does by how many times the rise in entropy as a result of thermodynamic irreversibility exceeds the rise in the entropy of the system through absorption of elec- tromagnetic radiation and so characterizes the degree of perfection of the energy trans-