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DEFENSE INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
WASHINGTON. D. C. 20301
TRANSLATION
REQUESTER
DT-S
LANGUAGE
Chinese
TRANSLATOR'S INITIALS
ST
TRANSLATION NUMBER
DATE COMPLETED
J
ENCL(S) TO
1 R NO.
LN 190-91
GEOGRAPHIC AREA
(It different from place ot publication)
People's
Rep,
of China
ENGLISH TITLE OF TRANSLATION
Chinese" 'Journal
of Somatic Science
y.
PAGE NOS. TRANSLATED FROM ORlG DOC-
All
FOREIGN TITLE OF TRANSLATION
Zhongguo Renti Kexue
AUTHOR IS)
FOREIGN TITLE OF DOCUMENT
(Complete only
if different from
title of
translation)
PUBLISHER
DATE AND PLACE OF PUBLICATION
PRC,
July
1990
COMMENTS
TRANSLATION
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CHINESE JOURNAL OF SOMATIC SCIENCE
[ZHONGGUO RENTI KEXUE]
FIRST ISSUE,
JULY,
1990
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ILLUSTRATION
9.1
FRAME ONE:
THERE ARE TWO TABLETS ON THE TABLE,
BOTTLE HELD
IN RIGHT HAND
ILLUSTRATION
9.2
These are frames
two and
2.5 milliseconds later.
Slightly above the bottom
of
the bottle there
is
two-thirds
of
a tablet.
ILLUSTRATION 9.3
Frame
three.
The
tablet
is
completely free
of
the bottle.
ILLUSTRATION 9.4
Frame
four:
Tablet continues
to drop,
but has not hit the
table yet.
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SOMATIC SCIENCE
(SCIENCE OF THE HUMAN BODY)
Somatic science
is
the science
of
man
in his cosmic environment.
In
the
language
of
systems science,
the human body
is considered
to be
an open complex
giant
system.
Here
"open"
refers
to the human body environment
and
"giant"
means
the number
of
constituent elements number
in
the billions
and
billions.
"Complex" means there are also many different
types
of
constituent elements
and
there
are
a great number
of
interactions among
the different elements.
Somatic
science
thus differs
in
its basic viewpoint
from the classical
reductionist
physiology.
This
indicates
that, somatic science
is different
from botany
and
biology,
and also separates somatic science from what
is commonly called
life
sciences
.
"Somatology"
is
an old term.
Here,
its meaning
is limited
to the basic
science and
technology
of
somatic science.
It
is
also
a
synthesis
of
classical
physiology,
modern psychology,
psychophysiology,
neuroscience,
the scientific
elements
of
Chinese traditional medicine
and Qigong
(Transcendental meditation)
and other related subjects
such
as ESP
and
PK.
The quasi-stable states
of
the
human body system such
as walking,
sleeping and Qigong are called
the somatic
Eigen
state.
For
a philosophy
of
somatic science,
the anthropic principles
of
Robert
H.
Dicke and Branden Carter,
which were derived
from cosmological
considerations,
can be extended
to the microscopic scale
to include
the quantum theory
of
measurement
and quantum epistemology and
to the macroscopic scale
to include
the fundamental principles of
Chinese traditional medicine.
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CHINESE JOURNAL OF SOMATIC SCIENCE
FIRST ISSUE
(JULY 1990)
TABLE OF CONTENTS
REMARKS ON THE FIRST EDITION
BY:
Zhu
Runlong,
Zhu Yiui
SPECIAL PAPERS
SOMATIC SCIENCE
- IMPORTANT FRONTIERS LEADING TO BREAK-THROUGHS
IN MODERN SCIENCE
BREAK-THROUGHS OF CURRENT SCIENCE
The Chinese Society
of
Somatic Science
(CSSS)
THE HUMAN BODY - CONCEPTS AND METHODS OF OPEN COMPLEX GIANT SYSTEM
BY:
Chen Xin
EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH
RESEARCH
IN THE BREAK THROUGH OF SPACIAL OBSTACLES
BY:
Song Kongzhi
and others
INVESTIGATION INTO THE "FORCE" OF PARAPSYCHOLOGICAL WRITING
BY:
Huang Jinggen and others
HYPOTHESIZING AND EXPLORING
EVIDENCE OF THE EXISTENCE OF ABNORMAL STATES OF MATTER
BY:
Wu Banghui
CONFERENCE REPORT
SPEECH TO SECOND RESEARCH CONFERENCE OF CSSS
BY:
Zhang Zhenhuan
THE SECOND RESEARCH CONFERENCE OF THE CSSS
BY:
Qin Yue
COMMENTS ON NEW BOOKS
(REVIEW OF "FOUNDING OF SOMATIC SCIENCE")
BY:
Rong Wen
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REMARKS ON THE FIRST EDITION
BY:
Zhu
Run long and ZhuYiyi
"THE CHINESE JOURNAL OF SOMATIC SCIENCE" has made its appearance.
Please
allow us
to extend our sincerest
regards
to the readers
on behalf
of
the
editorial
department.
"THE CHINESE JOURNAL OF SOMATIC SCIENCE"
is
jointly sponsored
by
the
Chinese Society for Somatic Science
and
the Shanghai
Communications University.
The editorial department
is
located
in the Shanghai Communications College
Publication House.
In addition
to
the editorial
department,
we have
established
a strong editorial
committee,
and all members
of
the editorial
committee and
advisors are well
known individuals
in
the field
of
somatic
science.
With
the support from this
type
of
editorial
committee,
we believe
the
reader can draw his own conclusions about
the "prestige"
of
this magazine.
ON THE NAME OF THE MAGAZINE:
"THE CHINESE JOURNAL OF SOMATIC SCIENCE"
naturally assume the task of
reporting
developments in human somatic science.
Human somatic science
is
a. scientific discipline which only came
of age in the
last ten years
and especially
in
the _last
recent years.
Compared
to the many
other mature scientific disciplines, iF is extremely young.
Despite
this,
it
has
the most vitality of
all
the scientific disciplines.
Through
the research
over these years,
everyone
is relatively familiar that human somatic science
is
a science
that studies
the. human body,
this extremely open,
complex giant
sys tem.
It
is
a branch of
science which studies
the functional states of
the
human body in an objective envi ronment
(macrocosm and microcosm)
,
and studies
the structure and
actions of
roan and his environmental system .
Wi thout
a
doubt,
its
leading principle
is
the Thought
of
Chairman Mao and
the philosophy
of dialectical materialism as well
as the human universal view of
Marxism.
J[ts
leading. scientific, theory. .is
a .systematic theory which unites
the global
concept and the
reduction
theory argument.
Its methods are
"comprehensive
integral methods" combining quantitative
and integral methods proposed
by
Comrade „Qi an Xuelin in the First
Issue
of
1990
of ."NATURE MAGAZINHFJor the
study
of
the complex giant systems
.
As for the specific scope
of
study
of
somatic science,
it
can generally
be
divided into the
three aspects of
system theories of Qigong
(Transcendental
meditation)
,
paranormal
abil i t ies and Chinese medicine which have historically
been excluded from the halls
of
science.
After the entry of Western medicine,
Chinese medicine has been viewed as "unscientific".
Qigong
(transcendental
meditation)
has been called "superstition".
Many Communist Party members have
been expelled
from the Party for practicing Qigong.
Of
course,
following
liberation,
Chinese doctors and Chinese Medicine have been called
a
"treasure",
and have been supported.
There have been major improvements
in their
circumstances.
Following
the
"ten years of
chaos",
Qigong has also been
reinstated
and
its prestige restored,
making great
strides.
However,
research
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into human paranormal
abilities was given
a bad name
following
the Third
Plenary Session
of
the Eleventh Central Committee.
As
of
1982 there were
= t;.ll
some papers
lashing out
against
it
on
the
front
pages.
Although
there have
been
some
changes,
to this day
it has not yet
been
set
right.
Therefore,
the eyes
of many people
it
is connected
to "magic
and
"sorcery."
From this
i i<s
importance
of public opinion
can be noticed.
It
is
just because
of
this circumstance
that
it has been difficult
tc
publish
and circulate publicly THE CHINESE JOURNAL OF SOMATIC SCIENCE.
Arier
the first All-China Conference on Human Paranormal Abilities Scientific
Discussion was convened
in Shanghai
in February
of
1980,
the delegates
tc
th~
conference had
the NATURE MAGAZINE compile and mimeograph
the "Human Parana rail
Abilities Newsletter"
as
a way
of
exchanging information.
At
the end of
era. -
year,
the
"Human
Paranormal Abilities Newsletter begun
to be printed by
letterpress.
In May
of
1983 The Chinese Communist Party Propaganda DepariBen
agreed
and
the Shanghai Municipal Party Committee Propaganda Department
approved the printing
of
the magazine RESEARCH IN HUMAN PARANORMAL ABILITIEc-
However,
it was approved
for internal distribution only.
In May
of
1987,
th~
Chinese Society
of
Somatic Science was established with the approval
of
State Science Commission.
It was not until April
of
1989
that,
with the
approval
of
the State Science Commission,
an agreement was
reached for
tit*
formal publication and public distribution of THE CHINESE JOURNAL OF SOMATI Z
SCIENCE.
However,
due to
a number of
technical problems,
it was not until
of
this year that we officially received
a publication permit.
In summary,
rx
order that
the CHINESE JOURNAL OF SOMATIC SCIENCE could be presented
to
tfee
readers
as early
as possible,
many comrades have put forth
a great
deal of
effort.
Actually,
the earliest proposal
for publishing and publicly distributix-g
this periodical was made by Comrade Qian Xuelin.
In May
of
1986,
he made tins
suggestion
to the representatives
at
the academic discussions
of
the first
session
of
the Chinese Society of
Somatic Sciences.
After
that.
Comrade Qisjr
Xuelin continued
to press
for publication and performed
a great deal
of
work, un
this
regard.
Comrade Qian Xuelin also personally wrote the English Language
introduction for this
issue.
Therefore,
Comrade Qian Xuelin not only is
ss.
author and reader of
this magazine he
is actuall y
a bublicl v recognized
academic leader
in the realm
of
somatic science.
His keen insight and fime
writing has pointed out
the direction
of
research
in somatic science.
Naturally he has also lead
the direction
of
the publication
of
this journal
THE CHINESE JOURNAL OF. SOMATIC SCIENCE is an academic magazine.
It
is
prima ril y targeted
at
readers who are college graduates.
If
they
feel
that
major breakthroughs
in somatic science research could lead
to
a new scien~if~r
revolution and
a second renaissance,
then the targeted readership will be e*ex
broader.
This concerns almost everyone.
Therefore,
anyone who has
an ianeresl
in
this scientific discipline can become
a
reader of
this magazine.
Since somatic science
is
a scientific discipline,
it
is naturally
primarily based
on scientific experiments.
For this
reason,
this magazine w- 11
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Somatic science
is
a new scientific discipline.
Research
is more
difficult than anything attempted
before.
Mastering
all
of
its scientific
contents
and mysteries will
not be accomplished overnight.
Starting out
from
this
concept.,
this magazine
is only one record.
It
is only
a printed record
faithfully following
the journey along the route
of
somatic science.
After
several years,
turning back
to look
at. what has happened,
perhaps our efforts
will
cause
a number
of
knowledgeable persons
to laugh
at our efforts.
However,
we are convinced,
that
there will
be other
things we will
have done
that will
pass
the test
of
time and
stand up
to the test
of
history,
and will
light
the
way
to guide those who follow us
as
they advance.
This
is also the basic task
of THE CHINESE JOURNAL OF SOMATIC SCIENCE and
the guiding principle
of
this
magazine.
In summary,
THE CHINESE JOURNAL OF SOMATIC SCIENCE
is
the property
of
all
the researchers
in somatic science
and
all
the readers concerned with
developments
in this
scientific discipline.
It
is our hope that everyone will
work hard
to break new ground
and cultivate
the garden that
is this magazine,
so
it will blossom with
the flowers
of
somatic science and may contend among
the hundreds
of
other
flowers
in
the garden
of
Chinese science,
staying always
in bloom and never
to wither and die.
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SOMATIC SCIENCE
- IMPORTANT FRONTIERS LEADING TO BREAKTHROUGHS
IN MODERN SCIENCE
THE CHINESE SOCIETY OF SOMATIC SCIENCE
Today,
on account
of
the rapid developments
in science
and
technology,
people await even greater breakthroughs
in science
in technology.
Somatic
science
as
a major part
of
modern science and technology which
is
just
starting
to come into
its
own,
may well
be one
of
the most promising
frontiers which could lead
to this
type
of major breakthrough.
THE RISE OF SOMATIC SCIENCE IN CHINA
The study of
somatic science already has
a
ten year history
in China.
This journey has already been strange.
In March
of
1979
there was
a
report,
in
the Sichuan Daily
that
in Dazu
County
of
Sichuan province
a child named Tang Yu had
been
found
that could
recognize written characters
through use
of
his
ears.
This
appeared
in
the
strange happenings column of
the Chinese Periodical
SPRINGTIME OF SCIENCE,
immediately leading
to widespread interest among scientific workers
as well
as people from all
fields
of
life.
In February
of
1980,
at
the first all-
China scientific symposium on such phenomena
th at convened
in
Shanghai,
there
were
14 different people with paranormal
abilities attending
the conference.
Of
these
14 persons,
13 were children and one was
a adult.
They successfully
demonstrated
their ability
to recognize characters
through use
of
their ears
in front of
all those assembled
in
the hall.
After that,
a number
of
scientific workers throughout China
- most
of
whom were of
a doubting mind
- wanted to carry out
their own experiments
to
verify
this phenomenon.
More and more scientific workers became involved m
the exploration and study
of
these phenomena.
A series of new discoveries
continued
to be made.
Province after province discovered
a group of persons
with paranormal abilities.
A large amount
of
empirical
facts were repeatedly
demonstrated
in
a number
of
places,
providing proof
of
the validity
of
paranormal abilities
and how widespread
they were.
Researchers
in areas
all
over China continued
to discover
that many persons with
these weird abilities
not only recognized characters through strange channels,
but could also 'see
through solid objects",
were capable
of
"telepathy",
could conduct
"mental
telepathy",
and could even read "residual
information"
left on
a persons body
resulting from past activity.
This illustrates
that
research into human
paranormal abilities
can bring us
into contact with
a scientific arena which
is
rich,
unique and
is very worthy
of
research concerning the control,
release,
transmission,
receptivity and processing
of
information.
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After October
of
1980,
there was another new startling experimental
development.
Paranormal
abilities research
teams
in Yunnan,
Haerbin,
Beijing
and Anhui separately discovered
several
even more mystifying phenomenon not
only concerning
the paranormal recognition
of
information,
but also
concerning
the process
of
the act
of
paranormal
abilities.
During this
period,
there were
a number
of
experiments
called
"psychokinesis" experiments
where
the subject with paranormal abilities would
turn
the hands
of
watches,
bend metal,
break matches,
pluck off
twigs,
move items
and
a number
of
actions which required
a definite effort
to be done
(such as unscrewing,
unlocking
a
lock,
and unbuttoning
a button)
as well
as
cause exposure
of
sealed unexposed
film,
and
"spontaneous combustion"
of
some flammable
materials with the wave
of
a hand,
without touching
the materials
in
the
experiment.
Successes
in
these experiments followed
one after the other.
Thus,
the occurrance
of
a series
of
strange phenomena which science could not
explain attracted
a
large number
of
scientists
from many fields
to
a new
field
of
scientific exploration attempting
to identify and
to explain
these
phenomena.
In
1981,
at
the time _the Second all-China scientific symposium on
paranormal
abilities was convened
in Chongqing,
there were already hundreds
o f scientists
in this field carrying out many very important observations,
experimen ts and
research.
What happened
to research into paranormal
abilities
for
a period
of
time
following 1982
is common knowledge.
The research
in many areas and
at many
units’was”forced to"stop7
Those research activities which continued were
carried out under conditions of extreme difficulty.
A large number of
serious scientists who had entered the arena
of
paranormal
research with
an
attitude
of
"doubt" began
to look for validity
in the experiments with more
self-awareness
and attempted
to establish various types
of
strict physical
conditions
in
the design of
the experiments
to ensure
the realization
of
this
type of validity.
At
the present
time,
a number
of
scientists are conducting
extremely difficult
theoretical explorations
to search for
a scientific
explanation
to these phenomena.
Almost, simultaneous with the discovery
of paranormal
abilities was
a
resurgence of
"Qigong"
(transcendental meditation
in China)
.
Especially
important
in
this
is the fact
that people were no longer just using Qigong
as
a body building exercise and martial
arts training,
but
a number_ of
scientists,
including several who were conducting scientific research into
paranormal .abilities ,..also_began
to conduct scientific research into Qigong
.
They discovered^ ve.ry__quickly __that.
there were
a great number of
similarities
between Qigong
and_ paranormal, abilities.
Many of
the phenomena studied
in
th ese two were closel y related
to the doctrine of
energy channels, in,_Chinese
medicine and even
to the^overall theories
of
Chinese medicine.
Some persons
of" insight began to realize that there might be
a very profound
inherent
connection
between, paranormal
abilities
,
Qigong and Chinese medicine*
If
we
open our eyes
a little more
and,
on one hand,
make
full
use of modern science
and technological knowledge available
and methods
to conduct experimental
and
theoretical research
of paranormal abilities and Qigong,
while on
the other
hand use the foundation of modern science and technology
to fully absorb and
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digest the abundant inheritance
of
Qigong and
Chinese medicine over many
thousand
of
years
of
Chinese history,
then
it would
be possible
to tie
the
research into the three phenomena
together.
From
this
it might possible
to
uncover the secret
of
the complex giant system of
the human body;
this most
highly developed product
of
the natural world
and
of natural
evolution.
Therefore,
as was pointed out
by Comrade Qian Xuelin,
"Chinese medicine,
Qigong and paranormal abilities
are all
tied
together.
They
form
a single
complete scientific field
. "
(MAKE FURTHER EXPLORATIONS OF THE PATH TO
SOMATIC
-
SCIENCE) 7
"Somatic science must consider
at
least these
three
aspects." 1
Thus somatic science was formally born on
the Chinese mainland.
In_May of
1987,
the State Science and Technology Commission approved
the
i; establi shmen t
of
the_Chinese Society
of
Somatic Science.
This undoubtedly
' signifies the social
recognition and support
of
this
field
of
scientific
research.
SOMATIC SCIENCE IS A MAJOR PART OF THE SYSTEM OF MODERN SCIENCE AND
TECHNOLOGY
What
is somatic science?
The targ et of somatic science research f r obviously ,
is
the human body.
However,
the way somatic
science understands
the human body,
or the angle
from which somatic research views the human body
is the development
of
traditi onal physiology
and other sciences
to
a higher plane.
From the
vTewppint~of somatic science *Jtb.e Jmman
body.. first
of
all .is
a single system,
and
is an extremely complex system.
Its component parts,
such as biological
molecules and cells come
in many types
and
forms.
There are
all
different
types
of
interrelated
functions.
At
the same
time,
it
is also
a
large scale
system larger than the ordinary large-scale system.
We call
it
a
"giant
system"
.
Second ,_ as jrveryoneJmo_ws ,
the human body
is
a living biological
organism.
'The basi c conditions
f or its existence are
that,
it must maintain
TntprarH
n with
its outside
environment and the entire universe.
. Therefore,
this system of
the human body
is also open.
It
is one open giant
system.
Naturally ,
in the natural world,
many organisms are also open complex
systems.
However,
man
is di f f erent from other organisms
.
The most important
difference
is that man ha s
thought ,
and this
type
of
thought has not been
detected
in any other organisms.
Thought
is
the highest level
of human
activity.
Thought can have
a
reaction on the human body.
It can have
a
react i ojnjoiTTHejlextls ey raL levels and
even lower levels of
activity
Therefore,
overall,
the human body as the subject
of
somatic science
research,
is
a complex ,_ open thinking giant
system.
In other words,
somatic
QIAN Xuelin and Chen Xin NATURE MAGAZINE,
11,
(1988 (
331
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science studies
and views
the human body
as
a
complex,
open,
thinking giant
system.
In order
to
find out
about
this complex giant
system
of
the human body,
somatic science uses systems scientific methodology.
Somatic science uses
systems scientific methodology for
the most basic description
of
the
<Jian
system of
the human
body which
is
the functional
state manifested m
total
at
a given
time.
We call
these "functional states."
The human body
functional
state
is
a quasi-stable one,
which
is when
the corresponding space which
the
system occupies
is correspondingly
stable.
Even though
it
is
relatively
stable,
it
is not fixed
and unchanging.
The human body functional state can
be regulated,
changed from one quasi-stable state
to another quasi-stable
state.
Regulation
of
the human body functional
state can be accomplished
through three different channels.
The first
of
these channels
is
the
_
exchange of matter or energy with
the outside such
as
food,
air,
or medicine.
The second channel
is
the exchange
of
information with
the outside such
as
electromagnetic waves,
sound waves,
etc.
The third
channel
is
the thought
action produced
by the human brain.
Thought
is
the highest stage
of
action
of
the human body.
It can
react on relatively lower levels
of
action.
Therefore,
man's own thought
is
an extremely important method
of
regulating
his own functional state.
Actually,
Chinese medicine,
Qigong and paranormal abilities
all
involve
special
functional states of
the human body
giant, system,
and also involve
the regulatory process
of
the human body functions.
Chinese medicine advocates "recognize the state and decide upon
a
treatment"
Here word
"state"
refers
to
the functional
state and not
"symptom"
(which
is
another Chinese character with
the same pronunciation).
Chinese medicine diagnosis uses
the hands
to collect and recognize the
^
host
of
symptoms".
However,
it denies
input from the eye and goes through
host
of
symptoms"
to grasp and identify
the functional state
of
the patient.
The
treatments
of
Chinese medicine generally do not act directly on the seat
of
the ailment,
but
regulate
the functional
state
of
the patient |s body.
The
use of
these treatments or ways
of
regulating,
the abnormal
ailment state
of
the patient
is adjusted
to
a normal healthy
state.
Because the human body
has
a certain ability
to resist germs,
toxins and to eliminate
the cause
of
disease,
if
the functional state is regulated
to
a normal healthy state,
the
disease will disappear.
Qigong and paranormal
abilities are both only manifested after
the human
body enters into
a certain special
functional state.
When masters
of Qigong
are practicing they must enter quiet,
which means
they must enter
a special
functional state
-
the Qigong functional
state.
Those with paranormal
abilities have
to enter
a
special
functional state
-
the paranormal abilities
state.
However,
in general.
Qigong masters have
all
practiced
for long
periods of
time,
so they can inter the Qigong functional
state relatively
easily
and
at will.
From the viewpoint
of
systems
science,
for the Qigong
master or
the person with paranormal
abilities
to proceed from an ordinary
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normal
state
to
the Qigong functional
state,
or
the paranormal
functional
state,
both cause
their body's somatic giant system to leap from
a relatively
level
ordered structure
to
a type
of
higher level ordered
structure.
This
has
already been observed
in experiments.
Under
the Qigong functional
state,
the entropy value or the RR interval
of
the brain
and pulse dropped,
and
the
ordered level
increased.
Comrade Qian Xuelin has pointed out,
"as
for the open,
complex giant
system which
is the human body,
it
is extremely important
to study its
functional
states,
to include several human body functional states which have
a paranormal nature.
As early
as the scientific symposium
in Chongqing^n
1981,
he formally pointed out the concept
of
"somatic functional
states
.
Now,
the use of
a persons overall
functional
state to describe
the various
functional characteristics
of
the somatic giant system
is not only
a
type
of
scientific hypothesis,
but
an extremely hopeful direction
of
research which
is already supported
by scientific
facts.
Since
1984,
a number
of
comrades
at the Space Medicine Engineering
Institute used multidimensional
data
.
analysis methods
to
comTb'ine
the measured changes
in
the multiple biological
indexes into change points .that, could represent
the states
of
the overall
system of
the human body .to determine
the location
of
each
of
the variable
groups
in multidimensional phase space.
They have already discovered
the
target point
and
target
loop of
such functional
states
of
the human body as
waking,
sleep,
alertness and Qigong.
In this manner,
they have found
objective obseryahle. indexes _fo r_.somatic ..functional state research
.
Now,
we can have
a more clear understanding
of
the concept
of
"somatic
science:
the human body
is
a thinking,
open,
complex giant scale system.
The characteristics of
the somatic giant scale system with somatic functional
states
(including several
special
somatic functional
states).
Somatic
functional states can switchL.from .one
.quasi-stable state
to another quasi-
stable state through ma_t^
vith
the
,
outside and through
thought.. regulation of
the body itself
.
Somatic science
is
the study
of
the functional states
of man
as
a
conscious,
open giant scale
system in an objective environment,
the regulation
and changes
of
the
functional
states.
Somatic paranormal
abilities,
Qigong and Chinese medicine
(broadly speaking,
it should be termed traditional medicine,
and should
include
the medicine
of
all
the Peoples
of
China,
such
as Tibetan medicine
and Mongolian medicine)
as well
as
all other phenomena
and processes
connected
to functional states
of
the somatic giant-scale system should
fall
within the category
of
somatic science research.
Somatic science uses
the concepts and theories
of
system science
to
study
the human body and
is not
in opposition
to biological,
physiological
or
modern medicine research,
but makes
full use
of
the newest achievements
of
these sciences.
It
is guided
by the philosophy
of
Marxism,
so all valuable
Qian Xuelin,
NATURE MAGAZINE,
4,7
(1981)
482
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knowledge
of
the human body
can be enhanced
on
the basis
of
system science
and combined
to actually achieve
a whole concept
and reduction concept,
and
can unify
the dialectics
of
Chinese medicine and
of modern medicine.
It
is
just
for this very reason
that we will
be able
to scientifically grasp
the
macroscopic functional
states
of
the somatic system and understand
the
various microscopic action structure
and mechanisms
of
the various
functional
states
of
the human body and thus
learn
the
"what"
and
"why."
In
this manner,
somatic science will become
a major part
of
the body
of
modern science and technology.
Comrade Qian Xuelin believes
that somatic
science should stand among
the other eight major disciplines
of
science
-
natural science,
social
science,
mathematical
science,
system science,
military science,
the science
of
thought,
behavioral
science and
the theory
of
literature
and
art.
These nine major scientific
fields including somatic
science form
a complete body
of modern science. 3
THE SCIENTIFIC FUTURE AND THE PHILOSOPHIC SIGNIFICANCE OF SOMATIC SCIENCE
Does assuming
that somatic science
is one
of
the major modern scientific
fields
is placing somatic science in too high
a position?
To answer this
question
it
is necessary
to properly evaluate and recognize the future
of
research
in somatic science.
As
of
today there are still many persons who completely deny the
scientific nature of somatic science .
The most important
"evidence
that
they present
is
that.
.,the., empirical, facts on which somatic science
is based
,
especially facts concerning somatic paranormal abilities,
seem to be
irreconcilable. jnid_. contx.adic.tory .with the scientific knowledge which they now
have.
Therefore,
they will not accept
and are not even willing
to conduct
practical experiments
to test
the existence
of
these
facts.
Here,
we are actually torching, upon
. a .question
of extraordinary
importance.
This question
is:
can science only accept
and study those
facts
which
are completely compatible with what
is already known
and
fully
explained by „ the, available knowledge and which in any way threatens
the
"foundation"
of what
is already known?
If science
is limited
to.,the scope
of
what
is already known
in its research
of
those few
"facts", which must ensure
that the 'old knowledgeiJLilL not be j'discarded",
what advancements can there
be
in science?
Could there be any revolution
in scientific development?
If
scientific research does
not. consider "whether or not certain facts actually
exists"
but only considers "whether or not certain
facts should exist"
and
furthermore use the compatibility
of
certain facts with what
is already known
as
the basis of determining
if
those facts should exist,
then
is practice
being used
to verify
theory or is theory being used
to describe the
permissible scope of practice?
Qian Xuelin,
PHILOSOPHY AND RESEARCH,
(1982)
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As everyone
knows,
a
large number
of major breakthroughs
in science just
happened
to be preceded
by
the discovery
of
"abnormal" empirical
facts.
The
difficulty of
theory
to explain
the energy distribution
of
black hole
radiation and
the negative results
of
the Michaelson
- Moeller
"ether
transfer" experiments were both
"abnormal"
facts
for classical physics prior
to the
end
of
the 19th century.
If
the logic
of
those who oppose somatic
science were
to be
followed,
then men would always
be satisfied with
the
"foundation"
of Newton mechanics
and would not
"cast,
it off",
and
there would
never have been
the quantum theory,
quantum mechanics
and
relativity
mechanics.
Even more,
the philosophy
of Marxism long ago reached
a
scientific conclusion from the theory of
knowledge:
practice
is
the only
standard
for the final
test
of
the truth
of
theory.
The
founder
of Marxism
was very clear on
this question,
and specifically pointed
out:
if
it
is
believed
that
"if
anything
that will
fit into the system of
laws
and
is
therefore something we know,
is worthy
of
note;
and
if
it will
not
fit
into
the system of
laws
and
is
thus something we do not
know
is not worthy
of
note,
then
the things we do not know will
all
be deemed worthless,
and
can be
ignored.
In this way,
all science
is
finished,
because science just happens
to be
the study
of
things unknown." 4
Science just happens
to be the study
of
things we do not
know.
The most
important thing
in scientific research
is
to pay attention
to the discovery
of new empirical facts,
especially new empirical
facts which contradict old
theories.
Science continues
to advance by continuing
to generate and
to
resolve the contradictions between theory and practice.
Actually,
modern
scientific theory
and
the modern scientific historical perspective has long
ago cast aside that archaic viewpoint that
the historical development
of
science
is merely
the process
of
the simple accumulation
of
knowledge.
The
development of
knowledge has not been limited
to the gradually addition
of
knowledge,
but also includes
a process
of conceptual
and theoretical
revolution.
All scientific
theories are based on certain empirical
knowledge,
framed
in
the corresponding scientific concepts and
the conceptual
and logical
systems established.
When
it
is possible that additional
empirical
knowledge continues
to be contained within the framework
of
existing scientific concepts
and
can still
be explained using existing
theories,
relative stability
is maintained
in this system of
scientific
theories.
Scientific development
is primarily manifested through
the
expansion
of
knowledge,
increasing
the content and perfecting the structure;
this
is
the gradual evolution stage
of scientific development.
However,
once
new "abnormal" empirical
facts which are no longer compatible with the
existing scientific concepts or theories,
and cannot
be explained using
existing knowledge,
and these "abnormal"
facts have been accumulated
to
a
certain degree,
they form
a turning point
for
a scientific revolution
and
a revolution
in scientific concepts
and
theory has arrived.
Marx and Engles,
SELECTIONS FROM MARX AND ENGLES,
Volume Five,
pp
541
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As
for whether or not somatic paranormal
functions actually
exist,
the
reason many people are doubtful may be because these functions
are so
far
removed
from the common knowledge
as we have known
if
for so
long,
and
that
it
is
too difficult
to fit them into existing theory.
However,
the existence
of
this
type
of phenomenon has already been verified
(the verification
of
the
phenomenon
of paranormal
functions
is not
a theoretical
question,
but
is
a
practical
question).
These empirical
facts form "abnormal"
knowledge
that
can trigger
a change
in theory,
and
the rise of
somatic science has
signalled
the coming
of
a new scientific revolution.
As
for revolutions which may occur
in modern science,
there are
a number
of discussions on
this subject presently underway
in foreign countries
and
in
China.
Without
a doubt,
in the progress
of modern
science,
physical
sciences
have played
an extremely major role up to the present day.
Life sciences may
replace
the physical
sciences
in the next century
as
the new "leading
science".
System science
is presently expanding
its theories and methods
into research work
in
all
the scientific fields,
providing
a way
of
thinking
symbolic
of
the times for
the development
of
scientific knowledge.
It
is
worth noting
that
a number of
paramount questions which must
be resolved by
physical
science,
life sciences,
fit perfectly
into somatic science research,
forming
a new area
of
growth with great promise for breakthroughs.
For example,
in
the physical
sciences
the debate of non-determinism in
quantum physics began with Einstein and Bohr and has continued for half
a
century without reaching an answer.
In
1980,
a Professor at London
University,
David Bahm,
in h is paper "Integrality
and Hidden Orders" proposed
a
type of new thesis:' that
the entire universe
is
a single system.
That
all
the molecules,
atoms’ and evenbasic parti cl es
of which wee are so far aware
are nothing more than Jtemporary_manifes tat ions _ wi thin
this integral
body.
In
quantum mechanics .the Heis enberg nonderterminate theorem
is also
a
type
of
surface phenomenon.
If
we
go deeper into levels which our present knowledge
is
far" from reaching,
we could, discover certain
"hidden, orders,
the December
1983 issue
of
SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN also published
an article which discussed
the hypothesis
that
if quantum mechanics and gravitational
field were
combined,
a basic particle. the
size. of .10“ 13
cm could be much smaller
-
10- 34
cm.
At
this scale,
time would
not..stop
but. would pulse.
In this way,
the
"hidden
o rders*'' Bahm talks.about would appear.
His theory
is obviously
closely connected to system science.
From the viewpoint
of
system theory,
the particles we talk about today are actually only "hidden order" self-
organized phenomena
in this supermicroscopic world.
What
is especially
worthy
of
note
is the connection between somatic science and this theory.
Bahm has said himself :
"We. have not yet completely established this
theory.
Once
it has been established ,
such paranormal
func.tion.8_as ESP and PK can be
explained and will not seem so strange." 8
Qian Xuelin,
RESEARCH INTO SOMATIC PARANORMAL FUNCTIONS,
3,1-2
(1985)
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Also,
in biology,
the establishment,
and development
of molecular biology
has made
it possible
for us
to delve into the molecular level
to learn
life
activities.
This
is without
a doubt
a big step forward
in science
toward
the
knowledge
of
the living world.
However,
the theories and methods
that
life
sciences have used
to make
this progress are still
the basis
of
achievements
in chemistry
and
biology.
As for molecular biology
itself,
no new scientific
concepts
or embryonic forms have appeared
in molecular biology which would
indicate
a new era
of
scientific knowledge.
It
is only because
of
the
rise
of
somatic science
at present that
life sciences has been presented with
its
greatest challenge.
It
is especially noteworthy
that
there have already
been
experiments which validate
the effect
of Qigong on
large biological
molecules,
and this has begun
to establish
a
very important connection
between somatic science and molecular science
- the most exciting field m
the life sciences.
Somatic science uses
the theories
and methods
of
system
sciences
to study
the human body —
the most complex
of
life
forms,
as an
open,
thinking,
giant-scale system —
to reveal
the macroscopic conditions
of
the systems
it maintains.
It also studies
the stability
of
the ordered
structures
they form
as well
as the microscopic mechanisms
of
the system
leaping from one stable ordered structure
to another ordered structure.
It
would make possible developments
in life sciences
that would not only
lead
to
possible breakthroughs
in knowledge
of
life phenomena,
but could promote
developments
in all
sciences,
changing existing scientific concepts and even
the scientific world perspective.
Therefore,
there
is reason
for people
to hope that major breakthroughs
in modern science will occur
in somatic science research.
Comrade Qian
Xuelin has repeatedly pointed^
11 research
in
somat ic science
may lead
to
a new scientific revolution in the 21st century.”
It "may also be
a
greater scientific revolution
that those
of quantum physics and
the theory
of
relativity
in. the. 20th century."
This new scientific revolution will
necessarily
"lead
to
a technical
revolution which could change
the world"
and
promote
a new "cultural
renaissance." 1
If
somatic science is to complete such
a monumental
and difficult
task,
it must undoubtedly "use
the philosophy
of Marxism
- be guided by dialectical
materialism.
At
the same time,
the achievements
of
somatic science research
will
also deepen and develop the philosophy of Marxism."
This
is because the
problems discussed
by somatic science are all closely "connected
to the
dialectical unification
of matter and
spirit,
objective and subjective,
brain
knowledge.
For such complex questions,
"if we do not use the philosophy of
Marxism to guide us,
we will not be able
to avoid errors." 1
QIAN Xuelin and Chen Xin NATURE MAGAZINE,
11,
(1988 (
331
QIAN Xuelin
and Chen Xin NATURE MAGAZINE,
11,
(1988 (
331
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Speaking
of
the relationship between somatic science and philosophy,
it
is very easy
for people
to think back 100 years
ago when Engles criticized
"materialism."
At
that
time there were
a number of
scientists who formed
"seances"
and
"occult gatherings" because they were fettered
by empiricism.
Because
they
"relied only on empiricism,
and were extremely ignorant
of
thought,
they went
to extremes
in
their lack of
thought"
and even
fell
into
the "extreme fantasy
and blind superstition"
of mysticism.
However,
the
question
is:
should
those natural
phenomena which have been distorted
by
"idealism"
and muddied by various
types
of quackery
be forbidden areas
into
which science will never step?
If
this logic were followed,
then
the ages
of
ignorance
in ancient
times before science was even born would still prevail,
that
is,
mankind's knowledge
of
the entire natural world
that
"everything had
a
soul"
and
"totem worship."
Then men would never have had
to study further
and understand
these natural
objects and natural
phenomena which were
worshiped
as
totems with
a spirit.
Wouldn’t any scientific attempt
to study
and understand be considered idealism and superstition?
We must know
that
mankind already has
a history
of many hundreds
of
years.
We do not know how
many phenomena
(including sunrise
and
sunset,
thunder and lightning ana other
common natural phenomena)
have all
been distorted by religious superstition
and
idealism.
If
these phenomena were
all
restricted areas for science,
we
would forever
be unable
to overcome superstition.
What would we need science
for.
Actually,
the real
task
of
science
is
to set right
all
those facts which
have been knocked over by
religious superstition
and idealism.
In order
to
do this,
science should not evade these issues,
but must venture
into those
arenas which have been monopolized
by idealistic and religious superstitious
phenomena.
Only by doing
this can science provide
a dialctical explanation
of
these natural
phenomena,
and not allow them to be considered
"supernatural" causes any longer;
only then can science
take over the areas
occupied by religious superstition one
at
a
time,
and civilization
of mankind
can make prosperous
strides.
If
the opposite
is done,
and
the logic
mentioned above is followed,
the question would
be:
is science opposing
superstition or
is
it surrendering
to superstition
in the form
of
an
appeasement.
Actually,
if
it may
be said
that there
is any philosophical
significance
to the study
of
somatic science,
then its greatest significance
lies here:
the rise
of
somatic science
is nothing more than
a solemn
announcement
that mankind's knowledge
of
the open giant-scale system which is
his body and
its functional
states has finally begun
to change from
. the realm
of
superstition
and idealism of
the
past,
to the arena
of serious scientific
study under the guidance
of
dialectical materialism,
and
the succeses
possible here will all become victories of materialism over idealism and
victories of
the realm of
knowledge over the unknown.
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THE CONCEPT AND METHODOLOGY OF THE HUMAN BODY AS AN OPEN,
COMPLEX GIANT-SCALE SYSTEM
BY:
Chen
Xin
Comrade Qian Xuelin believes
that
in order
to do
a better job
of
developing research into somatic science,
we must explain that the human body
is
an open,
complex giant-scale system.
He
said,
"Can you ask your hand
to
write
an article?
We must
stress
"comprehensive integration"
of
the
quantitative
and qualitative.
We must point out
that kind
of
lopsided so-
called
"scientific methods"
are not enough.
We must be comprehensive,
combining Western medicine,
a combination
of Western
and Chinese medicine,
Qigong,
paranormal
states
and
all
together
for our research.
I
am
presently working
toward
completing
that
task.
I hope
this article will
be
some purpose
for somatic science research and hope even more
that others m
the
same field will
provide me with
their guidance and
instructions.
Up
to
the present
time,
mankind has
fostered his own intelligence.
He has
promoted remarkable advances
in science and technology and has created
uncountable miracles.
However,
it
is regrettable that mankind’s understanding
and study of himself
is still
incomplete
and not thorough.
Although the search
for,
and comprehension,
of
life phenomena has reached the molecular level
and
has made some major advances,
it cannot completely understand
the complex
integral function
of
the human body.
Modern physiology,
for example,
knows
quite
a bit about
the biological
and biochemical changes,
and
the physical
chemistry processes
at
the cellular
level
of
the brain,
but
it knows very
little about
the functions
and activities
of
the brain overall
when
all these
cells are put together
to form
an integral
unit.
It
is possible to believe
that somatic science
is
a
field lagging
in modern scientific advancement,
but.
it
is also
a field with
the most vitality.
There are many reasons why this scientific field
is lagging behind.
One
of
these reasons
is because this
field of
science studies the human body,
an
is much more complex
that physics,
chemistry or electronics.
The second reason
is because
it lacks targeted
advanced research technology and methods.
The
third reason
is the most
important:
this
is
a field
of scientific research
that has yet
to establish
a proper scientific philosophy and methodology.
The
purpose
of
this article
is
to discuss
a guiding philosophy and methodology for
research in somatic science.
I.
THE HUMAN BODY IS AN OPEN,
COMPLEX GIANT-SCALE SYSTEM
Many different
types
of
systems exist
in
the objective world.
From
different viewpoints,
the systems can be divided
into different
types
of
categories 1.
For example,
the natural systems
and
the man-made systems.
The
open systems and
the closed systems.
The active systems and
the
inert
stems.
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The
life systems
and
the non-life systems.
These methods
of
categorization
are
all
visual,
concentrating on looking
at
the specific content
of
the
systems.
However,
it
is easy
to miss
the basic quality
of
the system.
This
is
an
extremely important question
in systems research.
We believe
that
the
following system
of
categorization
is appropriate.
It categorizes systems
into
simplex systems
and giant systems depending
on
the number of
components
and
subsystems,
and the degree
of
complexity
of
the relationships between
them.
Simplex systems refer
to those which have few component systems and subsystems,
and
the relationships between
them are relatively simple.
If
there are
a
relatively
large number
of
subsystems,
as many
as dozens
or hundreds,
then
it
is
a
large-scale system.
Whether
it
is
a simple system or
a large-scale
system,
to study this type
of
simple system
it
is possible to start out
from
the mutual
reactions between
the subsystems,
and work up
to the active function
of
the composite
system.
When
the number
of
subsystems
is extremely large,
numbering
in
the thousands,
hundreds
of millions or tens
of billions,
these
systems become giant-scale systems.
If
the relationships between these
extremely
large numbers of
subsystems
is still relatively simple,
they are
called simple giant-scale systems.
The use
of direct combination methods
to
study this
type of system
is successful.
If details are omitted
in
the
function
of
giant systems composed
of
hundreds
of missions of
elements and
statistical methods are used
to generalize them,
it
is very successful.
This
is the monumental
achievement
of
statistical mechanics early in this century.
It
is
the contribution of
I Prigogine and Haken.
If
there are an extremely large number of different
types of
systems and
there
is
a layered
structure,
and the relationship between the systems
is very
complex and have many different effects on each other,
this type
of system is
called
a complex giant-scale system.
When
there are exchanges between
this
system and the external environment,
it
refers
to external
input and output,
therefore
it
is
an open system.
This system
is
an open,
complex giant-scale
system.
No theories or research methods exist
for this
type
of
system.
There
is also no statistical mechanics theory built on. the interaction between
these
subsystems.
This question
is
the key point of discussion
of
this article,
and
will
be addressed
in later sections.
This categorization
of
systems clearly
delineates
the levels
of
complexity
of
systems.
It has important significance
for research into system science theory and applications.
The human body 2
-
has
a huge number
of
subsystems
at different
levels.
It
has been calculated
that the human body has 3.5 X
10 13
individual
cells.
One
cell contains several
tens
of
thousands or even several millions
of biological
molecules which have to have metabolic systems
for survival
and functional
systems
to accomplish
the biological
functions.
Different molecular systems
are composed
of
different cellular systems.
Different cellular systems are
composed
of
different organs
and physiological
systems.
Therefore,
we may be
confident
that the entire human body
is composed of
several
hundreds
of
thousands,
millions,
hundreds
of millions of
subsystems
of different degrees
of
complexity,
with different
functions,
and
at different levels
(physiological
and anatomical)
.
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Second,
the extreme coordination
of
its different levels,
the detailed
regulation
control
and
the high
level
information procession mechanism systems,
allow
the human body
to be able
to carry out completely unified activities.
Its subsystems have complexity and uniformity.
When
these huge numbers
of
complex subsystems
of
the human body
are conducting overall
activities,
it
is
not
a simple arithmetic relationship.
Between
the subsystems,
there are
complex activities which enhance or slow down,
delay or advance,
and prioritize
and
induce.
However,
they are still unified activities.
It
is
just because
they have highly detailed coordinating mechanisms and information processing
mechanisms
that
the activities
of
the bodies can be unified,
and
the person
can
survive and work.
For example,
the constancy
of blood sugar,
body temperature,
and
the internal
environment
and
as well
as coordination
of mobility
all
are
accomplished through
a set
of
complex biological mechanisms
of
somatic systems.
Such complex coordination
and control
functions
is very difficult
to realize
in
engineering
and other systems.
It may also be one
of
the special
characteristics which separates
if
from simple giant-scale systems.
Therefore,
study of
the regulation and control
systems mechanisms
of
the human body could
have
a major effect on
the study
of
control
theory and the automatic control
mechanisms
.
Third,
it has many different
types
of
reaction mechanisms.
The
relationships between
the subsystems
of
the human body giant-scale system take
many different
forms.
Some are nervous,
some are humoral and neurohumoral,
and
channeling relationships.
The different types
of
subsystems
all have their
individual
type
of
activities that
fulfill their own specific function.
As the
overall
body has
required
it,
the subsystems which
form systems have also
evolved,
such
as reaction mechanisms,
information transmission,
the various
movements
(conscious and unconscious movements),
endocrine,
transport,
elimination,
swallowing,
material
and energy absorbing and transfer,
storage
and
release,
humoral
osmosis,
blood circulation and overall
activity,
allowing
man
to become
a comprehensive combination body with many different
forms
of
activity.
These multiple
type,
multiple layer actions are integrated into
a
single body,
and between them there
is
an interacting mutual coordinating
relationship,
which
is unified
in total activities through
an extremely complex
process.
Fourth,
the relationships between the subsystems and the overall body are
extremely
complex,
and
the performance
of
each subsystem can also affect
the
performance of
the overall
body,
and
it
is also possible that each subsystem
affects
the overall
body,
or affect
the overall body
by affecting other
subsystems.
Thus,
a human body
is an integral unit composed of
an extremely
large number
of
subsystems,
allowing this system to manifest certain
characteristics
and functions.
Naturally these characteristic manifestation
is
not
that
of
a single subsystem.
From the viewpoint
of system functions,
this
system also
is
an indivisible integral unit.
If
the various subsystems are
removed,
then
it will
lose
its original qualities.
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Although the general description provided above
of
the system which
is
the
human body
is incomplete structurally,
functionally,
behavioral
and
evolutionary,
it
is
sufficient
to explain
its complexity and
the degree
to
which
it
is
a giant-scale system.
These are
the primary characteristics which
differentiate
it from simple giant-scale systems.
Therefore,
we have some
basis
for claiming
that
the human body
is
a complex giant-scale system.
There
are
10 12
nerve cells
in the human brain
and
an equal number
of
spongiocytes
.
The interaction between
the nerve cells
and between
the groups
of
nerve
cells
is extremely complex.
The human brain can use past
information
(memory),
future information
(inference)
and
information currently being
input
and
the
effects
of
the environment
to carry out
all
sorts
of
complex reactions
to
information
input.
There
is
a material,
energy and information exchange between
the complex
giant-scale system of
the human body
and
the surrounding environment,
and
the
universe.
It
can be stated
that man
and his environment
and
the universe
form
a super giant-scale system. 3
.
The complex giant-scale system of
the human body
interacts with
the world on five levels. 4
-
The first
level
is
the investigation
of
the relationship between man
and
his world on the level
of
the universe.
This realm has
its
own basic physical
concepts.
This
is
the 100,000 light year yardstick
of
physics,
and
the
theory
of
relativity must be used.
It may be debated whether there is any
relationship between the existence
of man and
the actual evolution
of
the
universe.
The actual nature
of
the universe
is
a necessary for the existence
of
man.
If
the evolution
of
the universe did not
take this current
route,
then
none
of
the creatures
on the earth,
including man,
would have been able
to
appear.
The physical parameters
of
the evolution
of
the universe
and
the
physical parameters which determine
the motion
of matter of which we are aware
are all necessary
for
the appearance of
man.
It may also be said
that because
man has actually appeared,
therefore,
the nature
of
the universe must
be
so.
This illustrates
that man
is interrelated
to the solar system,
the Milky
ay
and the entire universe.
Second
is
the investigation
of
the relationship at
the level
of
the
macroscopic world.
The physics yardstick at
this
level
is
10 2
meters,
equal
to
the size of
a football
field,
and uses the theory
of
Newton mechanics,
thus
the
investigation
of
the relationship between man and his environment
is
at
this
level
(an environment
of
10 2
meters)
.
Chinese traditional medicine pays
a
great deal
of
attention
to macroscopic affects.
Modern environmental
medicine
also is an important part
of
this.
However,
it
is
one-sided,
since
it only
studies
the affects
of
the environment on man and ignores
the complex giant-
scale system of
the human body
in relationship with the environment
on
this
macroscopic scale and
it lacks system science theories and methods for its
research.
Third
is the relationship on
the level
of
the microscopic world.
This
is
the investigating of
the mutual
relationship between man
and environment
and
between man and his universe
at
the quantum mechanics
level.
The microscopic
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world yardstick
is
10" 15
millimeter and uses quantum mechanics
theory.
Man's
knowledge
of
the objective world
at
this
scale are
the internal nerve cells
of
man's
sense organs and
the nerve cells of
the brain which process information.
Both are quantum mechanics processes
on
the microscopic
scale.
This brings
the
recognition process down
to
the microscopic
level,
the quantum mechanics
scale,
which may be called Quantum Epistemology.
On
the other hand,
the human body
can
interact with the objective world
on his microscopic
level
which
is
the
quantum mechanics
level.
Fourth
is
the investigation
of
the interrelationships
of
man at
the
submicroscopic
level.
This
level
is about
the scale
of
10' 34
millimeter.
Fifth is
the investigation
of
relationships with man
at
the even larger
scale above the universe level.
We can
see from all
this
that
the human body
is not merely
a complex giant
system,
as
it also is placed
in
this super giant-scale system
of
the universe
where
it interacts.
Therefore,
just
as Comrade Qian Xuelm from
the height
of
system science fully describes
and correctly points
out,
the human body
is
an
open,
complex giant-scale system.
Here
it
should also be pointed out
that:
(1),
A human body
by itself
is
an
open,
complex giant-scale system.
It
is also
a subsystem
of
a special complex giant-scale system
-
the social
system.
Therefore,
the study
of
this complex giant-scale system can be viewed
as
the
microscopic study
of
the social
system.
When treating
two or more complex
giant-scale systems,
the system
to be studied should be
treated
as
the primary
system and other giant-scale systems should correspondingly be treated
as
subsystems.
At
the same time,
it
is necessary
to note their interaction
relationships.
(2),
the human body
as
a whole
is
an open,
complex giant scale
system.
The human brain
is also an open,
complex giant-scale system.
When
the
human body
is overall
active,
the activities
of
the human brain
and
the
activities of
the other parts
of
the body cannot be separated.
The overall
activity
is conducted under the uniform coordination
of
the brain’s activity.
This situation melds two giant systems
into
a single body and comprehensively
studies the characteristics
of
the
giant, system activities
of
this entity.
(3),
What we have described,
the open,
complex giant-scale system of
the human
body refers to the movement
in
the material
plane,
and
the human body has
spiritual activities.
What are the relationships between
the giant system
movements on the material plane and actions on the spiritual plane.
This has
already attracted the attention
of people
of
insight around the world.
People
note that
in the modern world,
mankind’s study of
the spiritual plane has
advanced more slowly
than
the study of
the material plane.
People also realize
that
if modern science and technology continue
to separate spiritual and
material aspects
and
if
the modern view of human life continues,
a crises
for
mankind will arise which. will, require new considerations and evaluations.
People must explore
the relationships between the spiritual and
the material
and between the brain and knowledge using scientific methods.
Use modern
science to rediscover that precious cultural and academic heritage which was
lost, due
to the material developments
of
recent
eras,
and restore lost
traditions and recent discoveries
to establish
a new humankind
for the future.
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We believe
that only
by using
the concepts
of
dialectical materialism
epistemology will
enable modern scientific knowledge,
social science
knowledge,
and
the thought and spiritual
activity generated from interactions between
the
morals,
ideals,
beliefs
and
religions
of mankind obtained from
the direct
or
indirect reaction
of
objective material with
the experience
of
mankind,
to
actively recognize the objective world
and
change both
the subjective
and
the
objective world.
This
is
the dialectical relationship
of
the spiritual
changing the material
and viceversa.
This
is
the major characteristic
that
makes
it different from other giant-scale systems.
Therefore,
when
studying
the human body serious attention must be paid
to this question.
The concept
of
the human body
as
an open,
complex giant-scale system
is
extremely important.
(1),
It must promote research
in somatic science with
a
new flying leap
in
leading philosophy and metrology.
(2),
it must be produce
an even clearer,
more profound,
more thorough understanding
of
the somatic
functions and
thus more effectively regulate
and
improve
the somatic
functions.
(3)
.
It could possibly point out new avenues
for materialist scientific
research
on
the brain and knowledge
of
the spiritual
and
the material.
II.
A DESCRIPTION OF THE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE OPEN,
COMPLEX
GIANT-SCALE SYSTEM OF THE HUMAN BODY
Over the last
20 years,
giant-scale system theory and systems research has
already passed through the stage of
ordinary systems
theory and has come far
from the thermodynamics
theory stage
of
thermodynamic balanced dissipation
structures and entered
the stage
of
statistical mechanics
and coordination.
This work demonstrates
that complex giant-scale systems can contain many
relatively stable functional states 8
•
Every degree
of
freedom in
the phase
space
of
a giant-scale system occupies certain coordinates.
In
this multiple
element phased space of
the billions
of degrees
of
freedom,
the system has
points or loops
of
relative stability,
and the system can
stop near these
points
or loops,
forming
a system functional state.
A complex giant-scale
system has more than one point or loop,
and
can,
through internal
of
external
effects,
enter one point or functional
state
to another point or functional
state.
The human body
is
an open,
complex giant-scale system,
and
it canbave
functional state coordinates
to describe its characteristics and
a person’s
overall
functional
state.
It
is
a quasi-stable state,
it
can be regulated.
It
can be switched from one quasi-stable state
to another quasi-stable state.
There are many functional states of
the human body which are especially
important with clear unique characteristics.
These often appear
in common
activities
and work.
We call
these the human body functional state or somatic
functional
states.
We borrow
a
term from quantum mechanics called
the Eigen
state.
It primarily represents the states of normal waking
and normal
sleep.
All
of
the human body functional
states are quasi-stable states;
they can be
regulated.
The methods of
regulation are:
first method
is
the material
exchange with the outside world such as medicine,
drink or
food,
breathing
air,
etc.
The scope
of materials exchanged
is extremely broad.
The second method
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is
information exchange.
The information
from
the outside world can be sound
waves
or electromagnetic waves.
Naturally
they are
in
a complex
form.
The
third method
is
the
thought generated
by
the human
brain.
Thought
is
the
highest
level
of
activity
of
the human
body.
It
can
react, back on
lower
levels,
and
is
a major method
of
regulating
the functional
states
of
the human
body.
To use
the overall functional
states
to describe
the characteristics
of
the various
functional
states
of
the complex giant-scale system which
is
the
human body
is no longer just
a hypothesis,
but
is
a
fact which has
already been
proven scientifically 6
*
Since 1984,
professor Yu Hefeng
and others
of
the
Space Medicine Engineering Institute have conducted exploratory research on
the
functional
states
of
the human body.
They use multiple dimensional
mathematical analytical methods
to take
the changes
in physiological
indexes
they have measured
and combine them into system changing points which
can
represent
the entire body.
At each location
of multiple dimensional
phased
space formed
by their various changes,
the activities reached relative
stability at
the locations
of
the
target points
and
target,
loops.
Recently,
associate professor Song Kongzhi
of
the Space Medicine
Engineering Institute used EEG indexes
to describe
the functional
states
of
the
complex giant-scale system of
the brain.
His experiment was
to record
the EEG
of persons with paranormal abilities and with Qigong abilities,
and use various
methods
to analyze hundreds of brain graphs and different frequency spect rums,
selecting significant indexes with large volumes
of
information
such
as brain
electrical energy,
frequency information and structure information combined
into an ordered parameter
(X)
and found
its derivative
(X')
and
compiled graphs
of
the phase planes.
From the phase locus
it was possible
to see the
activities at
the locations
of
the target points and
target loops had reached
relative stability during paranormal
function states
and Qigong states.
The use
of giant-scale system functional
states
to describe
the open,
complex giant-scale system of
the human body
or the human brain gives
scientific basis and objective indexes for somatic science research.
It
is
of
important significance.
This work has just begun.
It
is
a good attempt,
demonstrating that
the human body and the human brain are open,
complex giant-
scale systems which may possibly be described
by using functional
states.
I
is
still necessary
to use multiple indexes
to quantitatively
and qualitatively
combine human senses, 'knowledge and
thought
for comprehensive analysis.
This
type
of work
is very difficult,
but
is
of
important significance.
It can
describe the functional states of
the human body or the human brain more
accurately.
Because modern medicine has not studied
the human body
as
an open,
complex
giant-scale system,
it naturally has not used
the functional
state
to describe
a certain functional
state.
However,
the various physiological
and
pathological
states do exist.
Naturally,
the study and knowledge
of
these
states
is incomplete,
and overall quantitative descriptions
are lacking.
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Therefore,
if
all
the states
in modern medicine were described
as
functional
states new problems would be discovered,
and progress would be made.
In modern physiology and pathologic physiology
there
is
a
famous
Selye
stress
theory.
This was
a major contribution
to medical
science.
In
1936,
Selye
first came out with his theory on stress,
aggregate diseases
of
the
overall
reaction
to stress
and adaptational diseases.
This
theory incorporated
the
laws
of
the advent
and progression
of
the diseases.
The meaning
of
stress
is
the sum total
of nonspecific common
reactions
of
the body
to different
stimuli
and pressure.
Selye believed that
the body reacted
in
two ways
to the
various
internal
stimuli
and stressors:
the first way was
to generate
a
corresponding specific reaction depending
on
the stressor.
At
the same time,
the other way was
that the body would always generate corresponding nonspecific
reactions no matter what
the stressor
- this
is called
stress.
The purpose
of
stress
reaction
is
to maintain
life
and
to restore function.
The overall
stress disorder
is
a common manifestation
of
the reaction
to stress.
Reactionary disorders
refer
to disorders caused
by poor reactions
or
a
breakdown
of
the reaction mechanism.
Selye discovered
that during stress
reactions,
there was
an increase
in
the adrenal gland,
with
an accompanying
histological hyperfunction,
atrophy
of
brain lymph
tissue,
and changes
in
the
blood hemogram in that area
(reduction
of
blood cells,
reduction
of
lymph
cells,
increase
in polymorphonuclear cells)
and intestinal ulcers.
Overall
stress disorder progresses
in three stages.
(1),
The arousal stage.
At
this
stage there
is still no reaction.
(2),
The resistance stage.
At
this stage
the reaction has reached
its maximum degree.
(3),
The degeneration stage.
During
this stage,
the reaction
is
lost.
Selye 's theory
is recognized
throughout
the world.
The process
of
the reaction of
the body’s resistance
adaption
to the stressor
is actually
the complex giant-scale system of
the body
adjusting
from
a normal functional
state
to
a functional state of
resistance
to
adaptation disorder.
We also note
that
the switch
in functional
states
is
a
process broken down into three stages with different functional
characteristics.
If
we can study this using
the theoretical methods
of
the
functional states
of
complex giant-scale systems,
we would discover many
important patterns which would play an even greater role.
We can analyze
the
giant-scale system structure of
the complex giant-scale system of
the human
body during the process of
reacting
to
a certain stressor;
the inter-
relationship between the subsystems participating;!
changes on the different
microscopic and macroscopic levels;
the characteristics
of
the functions and
the regulating mechanism;
all would be more complete and reasonable,
deepening
our understanding
of
the characteristics
of overall activities
of
the human
body giant-scale system.
In Western medicine and physiology
it. has been
discovered there are many different functional states:
there
is the waking
functional
state,
the sleep functional
state,
the alert functional
state,
and
the adaptive functional
states which the mechanism enters under unique
conditions
in order
to survive
- such
as lack of oxygen and shock.
Their
characteristics are that they
all
carry out their adaptive function through
systems
formed by the body's adaptive mechanisms.
Once the adaptive capability
is surpassed
then
a new pathological state
is entered.
This
is
the process
of
switching from
a physiological functional
state to
a pathological
functional
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state.
When switching
from one functional
state
to another functional
state,
there
are
three characteristics which be noted.
The first characteristic
is
the functional
state process which
is divided into several
stages and
the
quasi-stable
functional
state finally reached.
The
second characteristic
is
that
because
the internal
and
external
factors have different
effects,
the
structure
of
the complex giant-scale system
of
the human body,
that
is
the
structure
of
the subsystems,
is also different,
and
there are subsystems
causing
the major effects comprising
the giant-scale system,
so naturally
the
functional
states are also different.
Therefore,
when studying somatic
functional
states,
it
is necessary
to grasp the major components
of
the
subsystems comprising
the giant-scale system.
It
is necessary
to use
the
theories
and basis
of
physiology,
so naturally
it
is best
to cooperate with
those working
in physiology and medicine.
Third
is when
there are changes
in
the functional
states
of
the human body,
the functions
at
the microscopic
level
will
also change.
This
is also
a
fact which must be considered when doing
research into somatic functional
states.
Chinese medicine takes note of
such environmental
factors
as climate
and
geography and makes
a composite analysis
of
the entire body for diagnosing
disorders.
This
is
an important
theory
of
Chinese medicine.
It
is
appropriate.
However,
we believe
that from the viewpoint
of
somatic science,
we should use the theories
and methods
of
an open,
complex giant-scale system
to study Chinese medicine,
and
to propel Chinese medicine into the road
of
modern science.
The "symptoms”
of Chinese medicine are somatic functional states. 8
-
The
terms
in Chinese medicine do not
refer
to certain parts
of
the human body
structure but
refer
to the manifestation of
certain functions
in the human body
giant-scale system.
These are macroscopic parameters,
not microscopic
parameters.
The macroscopic parameters
of
the atmosphere are air pressure,
temperature,
and
entropy.
The microscopic parameters
of
the atmosphere are
the
nitrogen molecules and the oxygen molecules;
these are quantity and momentum.
When
a certain cellular tissue
is damaged
and causes
a pathological
reaction
to
an organ system,
it
is called such and
such
a disease such
as heart disease or
kidney disease.
I
feel
that
this
is microscopic parameters or partial
parameters
of
the organ systems,
and
the overall body reactions this
leads
to:
fever,
exhaustion,
lack of
energy and lowered resistance are
the macroscopic
parameters.
The human body
is an integral body.
It
is
a complex giant-scale
system.
If
certain cells or organ systems under go
a pathological
change,
it
will necessarily have an effect on other organ systems,
leading the
compensatory or adaptive reactions
in
the somatic functions.
This
is just
like
the balance and imbalance
of
the YIN and YANG elements and
the order or lack
of
order
in
the five internal organs which
is manifest on
the surface or
internally,
by hot
and
cold,
or empty or full and such changes
in dominance
in
YIN and
YANG.
This allows us
to look at
the macroscopic parameters
of
the
various
symptoms and body signs
at different levels
in the entire body.
The
"symptom"
in Chinese medicine includes
signs
of
disease:
symptoms
and body
signs;
causes
of
disease:
six excesses and seven emotions;
location
of
the
disorder:
whether the ailment
is surface or internal;
what organs are
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involved;
the nature
of
the disease;
hot or
cold,
positive or negative,
surface
or internal,
YIN or YANG,
and
the
trend
and prognosis are
all
recognized
as
patterns
of
disease.
It
is only in this way
that
it
is possible
to have
some
basis
for
the treatment
of
the disease.
In
this way we
can use the theories
and methods
of
the giant-scale system of
the human body
to bridge
the gaps
between Chinese
and Western medicine.
Western medicine uses microscopic
changes
in the cellular tissue and organs
to study
the overall
reaction to
treat
the disease.
Chinese medicine uses
the macroscopic
reaction
of
the
overall
reaction
to study
the microscopic changes
to treat
the disease.
The
two stress different
aspects.
They each have their good points and
their
shortcomings.
Western medicine stresses
the diagnosis
of
the cause
of
the
disease
as extremely
important.
It believes that
once the cause
is
found,
the
disease can
be cured,
but
it
ignores
the improving
of
the overall functioning
of
the body
and
the resistance
to disease.
Chinese medicine,
on
the other
hand,
stresses
the overall
body and neglects
the diagnosis
of
the cause
of
the
disease.
The two should
be dialectically combined,
handling different
situations differently.
As
for the terminology and techniques used
in Chinese
medicine,
this
is not
a
real
problem.
If
the contents were made uniform,
the
terminology could
be
the same
and
advancements would naturally
be made m
methods.
The theories
of
giant-system functional
states combines
the
microscopic and macroscopic changes
at different levels into
a manifestation
of
characteristics of
the somatic functional
state.
It
is
an important
theory
for
uniting Chinese and Western medicines.
The description
of
somatic functional
states should
include the various levels
of
the human body,
the microscopic and
the macroscopic characteristics,
and should also include
the emotions
and
conscious state
as well
as
the surrounding environment
in observing the changes
in
the somatic giant-scale system to form somatic functional
states.
Deep
going research
into
the theory
of
functional
states can quantify,
make more
scientific,
and modernize
the diagnostic process.
It can not only
accuratelyiagnose illness,
it can
also dialectically and dynamically grasp the
control parameters
of
the
functional state
to treat illness*
It
an also
demonstrate the design
of
a treatment plan,
evaluating and predicting
results.
This can elevate present day medicine treatment levels
to the pinnacle
of
modern
science.
The combination of
Chinese and Western medicines has achieved
a certain
amount
of
success
in China.
This
is simply from one making up for the
shortcomings of
the other.
The macroscopic diagnosis
of
illness m Chinese
medicine requires
the basis
of
a microscopic mechanism.
The Western medicine
diagnosis
requires
the overall treatment
of
the disease
of
Chinese medicine.
Generally speaking,
the attitude toward Chinese medicine
is
that portion which
is compatible with
the theories
of Western medicine is acceptable,
or that
it
is acceptable to use Chinese medicine to treat patients.
Neither of
these
methods are able
to make any new basic advances
in medicine.
They will
lead
to
any breakthrough.
We believe we should use
the theories and techniques
of
modern science
to recognize
the normal
and pathological patterns of
the human
body
and medical
treatment,
and thus come up with new medical
science.
It
is
only
in
this way
that Chinese and Western medicine can be developed
along
the
proper path,
obeying the laws
of
scientific advancement.
The validation
that
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the human body
is
an
open,
complex giant-scale system and
the use
of
the theory
of
somatic
functional
states
are important stages
in
the renewed
total
recognition
of
somatic functions,
and
they will
play
a role
in promoting
the
advancement
of medical
science.
As
for so-called balanced medicine,
or treatments
to lead
to
a balanced
state may well
be the somatic functional
state regulation or switching effect,
so the body undergoes
a series
of
adaptation and resistance steps
after invaded
or interfered with
by
internal
or external
factors,
reorganizing
the giant-
scale system's mechanisms
so
they have new functions,
so the body will
switch
from
a normal
functioning
state.
This so-called restoring
the body
to
a normal
balanced state,
is
actually switching
from
a normal state
to
a new functioning
state
to adapt
to the present situation
and
is not returning
to the functional
state
at
the original
level.
The Qigong functional
state9 -:
By combining
the theory
of
an
open,
complex giant-scale system and
a great
deal
of experience we can see that
the
human body can switch from the normal functional state of
consciousness
to
the
Qigong state or
the Qigong functional
state through
a variety
of
techniques.
This
state
is
a quasi-stable state.
The acknowledgement
of
the Qigong state
includes Qigong
into
the framework of modern science.
This has major
significance
for
the study
of Qigong.
On
the other hand
it may be
the site
of
a breakthrough
in the study
of somatic science.
The various techniques
of
Qigong are steps or methods which may cause
a person to enter the functional
state
of Qigong.
There are many techniques,
and
it
is difficult
to combine
them into one.
There
are several possibilities
for
this.
One
is,
are
all
Qigong states
the same?
If
they are not
the
same,
then which technique will
allow entry
to what Qigong state?
Another
is
that although there are many
different
techniques,
but
do they
all
eventually enter the same Qigong
state?
Also
there need
to
be
a scientific objective standard for entry
to
the Qigong
functional
state.
Therefore,
the use
of Qigong theories and methods
to study
the control parameters
of
the Qigong state,
and
the characteristics
of
changes
of
the Qigong state are really leading study
of Qigong onto the road
of
science.
In
this way,
it
is also possible
to unify all
the separate different
techniques,
and
the Qigong characteristics will be easier
to be described
by
objective indicators.
What special Qigong has what special function will also
be easier
to study.
Comrade Qian Xuelin also pointed out
that Qigong
scientific research must start out
from phenomenological Qigong studies,
setting up phenomenological Qigong studies.
This
is the first step
in
the
study
of Qigong,
and
it
is
a necessary step.
Phenomenological knowledge
is
prescientif ic
in nature,
but
is one step more advanced then empirical
knowledge.
It
is the knowing what happens,
but not knowing why
it happens.
Once we know why
it happens,
it becomes
a modern science
in
the body
of modern
sciences.
The first step
in phenomenological
study of Qigong
is
to qualify and
quantify the data
on Qigong practitioners
and
the materials used both
objectively
and subjectively
to establish system models and
to describe the
Qigong functional
state.
One step
at
a
time will discover the phenomena
of
entering
the Qigong
state,
the characteristics
of
the Qigong
state,
the
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functions
of
the Qigong
state,
in order to establish phenomenological Qigong
studies,
and
to search
for
the mechanism on
this basis.
The paranormal
functional
state 10 -:
In certain
states,
people can do many
things
that normal people cannot
do such
as
recognizing characters without
the
use
of
sight,
moving objects without
touching
them,
removing objects
from
sealed containers,
and putting torn paper back
to its original condition.
We
believe
that
the human
body,
this complex giant-scale system open
to the
universe's super giant-scale system can only manifest
this paranormal ability
when
in
a paranormal
functioning state.
This type
of
theory places research
into paranormal
abilities on the basis
of
the philosophy
of
dialectical
materialism.
It specifically falls within
the framework of
advanced systems
science.
The study
of
the patterns
of
this
type
of
complex strange phenomena
can,
on
this basis,
gradually delve
into the exploration
of
its mechanism,
avoid taking wrong
turns,
and falling into
the avenue of
idealism or mechanical
idealism.
The use
of
the theories
and methodologies
of
systems science may
allow for more complete study
of
the various phenomena
of paranormal
abilities
and
for
the establishment
of phenomenological theories
to lay the scientific
basis
for the study
of
its mechanism.
Study paranormal
abilities using he
theories and methods
of
functional
states,
to find
the pattern
of
entering
paranormal
functional states
from
a normal
functioning
state.
in order
to
grasp the control parameters.
In this way,
mankind may be able control
the
entry into the so-called paranormal functional state
at. will.
Then there will
be
a revolutionary change
in
the capabilities and methods
of human activities,
with consequences impossible
to predict.
We feel
that
the theories and methods
of
functional states
are major changes
in
the study
of human science.
The use
of
these concepts
and methods
to study the ordinary states
of
the human body
and
the paranormal
states must
result
in new contents
for human sciences.
We
should first start
by studying the ordinary states
of
the human body.
This
is
because the most data
exists
on the ordinary states which
can be used
for
systems
research,
and
at
the same
time,
it
is easy
to control
the bo
y
conditions when
the body
is
in
an ordinary state,
so it
is easier
to come up
with studies
of
the human body under ordinary states.
Use composite integrated
methods which are
a combination
of quantitative and qualitative methods
to
refine ordinary somatology from the great numbers
of various medical
programs
of
Chinese medicine
and Western program and normal physiological
materials,
we
can then use ordinary somatic functional statestoobserve somatic paranormal
states,
discovering
the location
of
the paranormalities.
This
is the beginning
of
the study of somatic paranormal
states.
To summarize,
the functional states
of
the complex giant-scale system of
the human body are the central task of
the study
of
somatic science 11
-
:
(1)
.
Study
the patterns
and mechanisms
of
the various functional states
of
the human body.
The functional states
of
the giant-scale system of
the
human body have relative stability but
they are not forever unchanging,
but are
constantly changing.
They are
a state
of
relative stability.
This
is
the
functional
state
of
the human body.
Otherwise they could
not
be called somatic
functional
states.
The so-called stability refers
to not changing and has
a
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certain degree
of
resistance
to interference.
Or
that
is
to say when
there
is
interference which causes
the giant-scale system to leave
its stable
state,
it.
can
rely
on certain
functions
to return
to
a
stable state.
Therefore,
the
functional
states
of
the giant-scale system
of
the human
body,
under certain
effects,
can switch
from one functional
state
to another type
of
functional
state.
The switching process has
characteristics which
run
from gradual
change
to sudden switching.
Every somatic functional state
can be described
by using
state variable space.
Also,
the stable states
of
this system must
be located
at
the bottom
of
a certain place on
this potential
function.
The state
variables
of
the somatic functional states
should be macroscopic
and
microscopic biological
and biochemical
changes,
changes
in psychological
consciousness
and changes
in
the surrounding environment.
When selecting
these
variables,
they should
be refined by using mathematical
methods so the indexes
can
represent
the characteristics
of
the functional
state
to be used
to study
the mechanisms
of
the somatic functional
states.
(2)
.
Study the differences
in the various
functional states and deeply
recognize
the characteristics
of
the various functional
states
and their
biological
and medical significance.
First we should begin with
the study
of
ordinary functional
state,
and after
the patterns are found here,
then
it will
be possible
to use
these
to compare with paranormal functional
states
to detect
their special
characteristics,
which
is what makes
them special.
( 3
)
.
study the switching process
of
the various
functional
states.
Explore
and study the control parameters
of
switching somatic functional
states.
As science and
technology continue
to advance,
there will
be more and
more methods to use
to affect the switching
of
functional
states.
However,
how
are we
to focus on one certain special functional
state
to select suitable
control mechanism,
or
to select the input window
of
switching
the functional
states.
In
recent years many different types
of
treatment, devices have
appeared,
some
of
which have obvious effects
and some have no effect.
It may
be said that none has been able
to alter
the somatic pathological
function from
the viewpoint
of
the control parameters,
and none has looked for
the input
"windows"
for deep-going
research,
so they have been blind.
LEINEI
[phonetic]
and TUOMU
[phonetic]
in their catastrophe theory point out 12
changes
in
the
natural world - when
there are four or less than four control parameters
- are
of
seven basic forms.
They
are:
overlapping
form,
pointed
form,
dovetail
form,
butterfly
form,
double curve form,
oval
and elliptical
forms.
When the number
of
control parameters is extended to five,
there are many different change
models.
This
theory reminds us
that when we are studying changes m
the
somatic functional
state,
we should look for the control parameters and their
relationship to the change in the type of
functional
state.
If we use the
various
therapeutic methods,
drugs,
and treatment means
as control parameters,
then we need
to study the quantitative,
qualitative and pathological change
effected.
This
type
of
theory deepens the study into somatic science and
expands the biological
and medical contents.
(4).
Study the physical,
chemical,
biological
and somatic reactions
generated by
the various functional states.
Somatic science research has
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discovered
that when
the human body
is
in
a certain functional
state,
it
generates various effects
(physical,
chemical,
biological
and somatic effects).
These
are questions unaddressed
by classical biological
research
such
as when
a
Qigong master enters
the Qigong
state,
air
is given
off,
how
is
it generated,
how
is
it
released,
what,
is
it made
of,
what
is
its
function,
all
of
these are
important
topics
for somatic functional state
research.
The significance
of
somatic functional
states
is wide ranging.
It
macroscopically
and microscopically unifies man and
the five layers,
expanded,
universal,
macroscopic,
microscopic
and submicroscopic within the human body.
It deepens and expands
the knowledge of
the giant-scale system
of
the human
body.
It
places research
in Western medicine,
Chinese medicine
and
the Qigong
paranormal
functions
at
the frontier
of modern science,
and
it may become
the
area
of
breakthroughs
in modern
science.
It will
be able
to connect
the
contradictions between
the various
theories
in Chinese
and Western medicine and
connect
and perfect
theory
and
practice
in Western
and Chinese medicine,
developing
a new medical
science for
the benefit
of
mankind.
Ill:
THE METHODOLOGY OF SOMATIC SCIENCE
It
is impossible
to resolve the contents of
somatic science research
within
the framework
of modern science.
The breakthroughs in somatic science
may
lead
to
a new scientific revolution.
The history
of
science reveals that
any major scientific revolution
in the history of man
will
lead
to major
changes
and developments
in methodology.
Just
as we have described
above,
the human body
is
an
open,
complex giant-
scale system and
is located within the environs
of
the super giant-scale system
of
the universe.
Therefore,
when doing research
in somatic science,
we cannot
study
the human body independently,
but
must, investigate the system changes
in
the super giant-scale system at the five layers formed by man
and the universe.
Not only must we explore the somatic fields,
we must also investigate the
fields
of
the universe.
Not only must we investigate the traditional means
of
energy and
information
transfer,
but we must make special efforts
to research
the possibility
of
common bonds between man and
the four layers
of
the universe
as well
as
the effects
of different depths
of bonds
and different
layers on the
macroscopic
and microscopic states,
functions and behavior of
the integral
system of
man and
the universe.
Therefore,
when conducting somatic science
experiments,
all
types
of
physical
and dynamic parameters
in
the universal
environment are to be recorded.
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When conducting somatic experiments,
we should also pay attention
to the
interactions
among
the human body
-
the environment
- and
the object being
tested.
The three
should
be studied
as
a single system.
The experiments
of
professor
Lu
Zurning
can enlighten
us
on
these questions.
Several
researchers,
when using physical
testing methods
to study
the external air
of
Qigong,
detected
a
fluctuation
in
infrared
radiation.
Therefore,
they believed
that
the external
air was
low frequency fluctuations
regulating infrared radiation.
The subsonic sound was believed
to be
the external
air containing infrared
radiation and
subsonic
sound.
Strictly speaking,
it
can only be
said
that when
the external
air acts
on
the infrared detector,
the detector generates subsonic
sound,
and the infrared
and subsonic sound
is not necessarily
the external
air.
In
their first experiment
they encased
a test
tube
of
ethyl
bromide solution
in
a double
kraft. paper envelope.
After
the Qigong master had directed his
efforts
on this envelope
for five
to ten minutes,
the envelope was opened.
They discovered
that
the solution had faded in color.
What caused
the solution
to fade?
Was
it
that
infrared rays had penetrated
the kraft paper envelope or
was
it
that
it had been heated
to over
250 degrees Celsius?
Naturally,
neither
of
these was possible.
Another
of
their experiments used
a lithium chloride
thermal light releasing detector
to test
the Qigong area.
They detected
an
effect
like neutrons.
Everyone knows that
to radiate an infrared
ray,
it only
requires
the energy
of one electron-volt.
However,
for
a neutron to be
released,
it has
to break away from the nucleus
of
the atom,
and
this requires
more than
a million electron-volts
of
energy.
How could Qigong generate this
much energy?
How could
this phenomenon
be explained?
It could be that
the
external air coming
in contact with the universe environment or with the target
object generated
infrared
rays,
gamma
rays or neutrons.
This experiment
inspires us
to consider
the interaction between
the human body and
the
environment
(the
five levels
of
the universe)
and
the target object
and
the
effects generated by such interaction when
we conduct somatic experiments.
Another major factor when conducting somatic science experiments
is that
we must pay attention
to the effect
of
consciousness,
that,
is,
we must consider
the effect
of
the tester,
and even more
so,
consider the state of
consciousness
of
the subject.
At
the same
time,
we
must, also consider the state of
consciousness
of
the one inserted
into the overall man-universe-object.
system.
Experiments should take note of
the state of health,
emotional
state and state
of consciousness
of
the subject.
They should also take note
of
the tester
s
mental activities,
what
is he thinking,
especially mental activities
that could
affect the success or
failure of
the experiment.
All
of
these should
be
described
and
recorded.
Man has mental activities.
This
is
the primary basis
for
the difference between somatic science and life sciences.
This
is one
of
the major contents
for study
in somatic science.
Faced with
this open,
complex giant-scale system
- the human body
as the
subject
of
study,
there must
be some new changes
in the research methods
in
somatic science
in order
to have
an overall
knowledge
of
the human knowledge,
find patterns
of
activity and
their mechanisms.
We need
a new methodology,
methods
and technical
tools.
This
is very important.
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Life sciences
research which includes
the human body has always used
the
methods
of
reduction
theory.
The reduction
theory believes that
all complex
activities
can be reduced
by stages
to simple activities.
The overall
activity
can be reduced
in stages
to
the actions
of
the single constituent elements.
For example,
the biological activities
of
the human body
can
be analyzed by
stages
to structure
of
activities
of
the system,
organ,
tissue,
cells,
subcellular tissue
to the biological molecules
and determine
the activity
function
of
the entire human body.
Then further analyze
the characteristic
states
and behaviors
of
the genes,
atoms,
and chains
of
the molecular structure
and
function,
and
these will
be determined
by the actions
of
the basic
particles
of which
they are comprised.
This sums up all
the biological
activities
of
the human body
as the functional
activities
of
its most basic
elements.
The methods
of
the reduction
theory has played
an important
role
in
the development
of
life sciences.
It has launched research
into genetic codes,
biochemistry
and biophysics with huge successes which
are already being applied
in biological
engineering,
which has made important contributions
to mankind.
However,
the reduction theory still cannot explain the overall functions,
still
cannot uncover the laws governing the overall
activity
of
the human
body.
We
believe that we should apply
the reduction theory from the viewpoint of the
integral
theory,
and on the basisofthereduction
theory,
perfect
the integral
theory
This
is the study
of macroscopic phenomena on
a microscopic basis,
and
deepen
the study
of
microscopic, con t_ent._tP...research macroscopic phenomena.
Stated
simply,
it
is
the use of _the
system^.theory which dialectically unifies
the reduction
theory and the integral
theory
to study somatic functions . 1
In
the past thirty years,
because
of
the advancements
of
the control
theory
and
the information theory,
and
their gradual
applications
in research
in
the human body,
comprehensive methods have begun to be used. 14.
Analysis
of
somatic functions have begun,
models
of
functional
activities
at
the cellular,
organ,
and system level have been analyzed and
applied,
which have played
a
definite role
and has been
an advancement
in biological
research methods.
However,
this method only recognizes
a few partial patterns,
and cannot
recognize activity patterns
of
the entire body.
In
the past twenty years,
the dissipation structure advanced
in
thermodynamics and the synergetics advanced
in statistical mechanics have
deepened and improved
the major ideas and theories
in system science.
Synergetics
is
the study
of
all ordered fixed structural
forms
and the self-
organization process
in
the movement and development
of matter.
The use
of
the
principles
and methods
of
dissipation structures and synergetics
to process
open,
simplex giant-scale systems has been successful,
solving
a number
of
major problems.
Therefore,
in
the past several years there have been some
people who have used the thepries_and_methods
of _ jsynergetics
to conduct
research on
the functions
of partial system organs
in
the human body ,
and
it
seems
that
this
is
a step forward.
We believe
that
this
can strictly control
conditions,
and reasonably simplify
the characteristics
of. the activities
of
the systems
of
a giant-scale
system',
allowing
the certain organ
or system of
the human body being studied
to approximate
a simple giant-scale system,
and
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Illustration 11:
Videotaped continuous process of removal of unexposed
photograph paper through a 500 ml dropper bottle.
Each frame is 40 ms.
1:
THIS IS FIRST FRAME
2:
THIS IS SECOND FRAME
5:
Fifth frame: half of unexposed
6:
sixth frame:
most of unexposed
paper appears outside of glass.
paper is outside of glass
other half is inside the glass,
darker portion above packet. The
2.5 x 3.5 Packet comes out flat.
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7:
Seventh frame:
unexposed
packet of paper already totally
outside the glass
The results of this group of experijnents not only demonstrates that the
break through point is the wall of the container, but that the break through of
the obstacle occurs in a time sequence.
B.
RESULTS OF EXPERIMENTS WITH 0CNTINU0US TARGET OBJECT SAMPIES
The results of the experiments with samples 5 and
6 are shown in table
5.
In the type of sample bottles used in samples six,
there is only a
lrrm hole in
one end of the bottle.
The removal of the iron washer with its shielded wire
from inside this bottle without damaging the original seal is unquestionably
further proof of the reality of paranormal abilities.
Fran the videotape of
this experiment it can be seen that the process of the fingers pinching one end
of the wire, causing the shielded wire inside the glass to follow the movements
of the fingers outside the glass in a shearing motion.
As shown in
illustration 12, from frame two to frame seven are the continuous video tape
results.
The space between each picture are four frames.
It is possible to
see the subject with paranormal abilities pinch the end of the shielded wire
between the thumb and forefinger of his right hand.
As his fingers move twice,
the shield wire inside the bottle appear to make the same movements.
Interestingly,
although it appears to be making a shearing motion horizontally
against the wall of the container,
it did not leave any mark on the wall of the
container which is visible to the naked eye.
This is similar to the tablet
breaking through the medicine bottle.
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APPRECIATION:
During
the process
of
these experiments we were aided
by
chairman Zhang Zhenhuan
and
comrade Qian Xuelin.
We received guidance
from
Office
Chief
Chen Xin
and Associate Professor Wang Xiubi.
We were directly
assisted
by comrades
Zhai
Yanxiang,
Jiang Gongzhi,
Chen Zhimmg,
Liu
Tian Huilai,
Liu Min,
Cheng Meiyu,
Liu
Hu,
Li Chenxiang,
Wei Yanfang
and Yao
Wenlan.
We would
like
to show our appreciation
to all
these individuals here
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BIBLIOGRAPHY
1.
The Joint Testing Group
for Somatic Paranormal
Functions,
RESEARCH
IN
SOMATIC PARANORMAL FUNCTIONS
(1983)
2.
Song Kongzhi
and others,
JOURNAL OF CHINESE SOMATIC SCIENCE,
First
Issue,
(1990),
3.
Lin Shuhuang,
Zhang Chongqi and others RESEARCH IN SOMATIC PARANORMAL
FUNCTIONS,
1,3
(1983)
110
NOTE:
Videotaping was provided by
the Space Medical Engineering Institute.
Pictures were
shot
by Zeng YongQun.
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The editors-in-chief
of
this
book,
Comrades Zhu Runlong and
Zhu
Yiyi
were
the
first
scientific workers
in china
to organize and conduct somatic science
experiments.
Not
only have
they
put
their hearts
into the development
of
somatic science
in China
and have
an emotional
investment
in
this enterprise,
they
also have
a profound understanding
of
research
in
this
area.
Therefore,
the editors notes
they have written
to proceed each chapter provides
the
reader
with
the background,
position
and
significance
of
the chapter,
undoubtedly
making
it easier
for
the
reader
to follow
the developments
in
research
into
Chinese somatic science.
This
form
of
editor notes
is also one
of
the
distinguishing characteristics
of
this book.
What
we now have
is
the first volume
of
FOUNDING SOMATIC SCIENCE .
However,
we hope
the
second,
third,
and further volumes will quickly come
out..
We hope
that
this work which has already begun will become even more grand
and
glorious.
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