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THE RESPONSE SENSITIVITY OF PHYSIOLOGICALLY EXTRAOCULAR SIGHT
PERCEPTION TO LIGHT OF FOUR DIFFERENT KINDS OF WAVELENGTHS
Authors:
Zhang Yunzhi,
Yang Jianhua,
Ye Ziquan
(from the Biophysics Research
Institute of the Chinese Academy of Sciences);
Liu Yicheng,
Tan Dajun,
and
Tian Jingfa
(from the Physics
Institute of the Chinese Academy of
Sciences)
We knew earlier that,
in normal ocular sight perception,
light
of
different wave lengths produces different response sensitivity,
and from this
we constructed the sight spectrum sensitivity curve.
The recent reports
of
some authors
[1]
show that physiologically extraocular sight perception,
just
like normal ocular sight perception,
is also capable of producing different
sensations
of color for light of different wave lengths.
What
then,
with
respect to extraocular sight perception and light of different wavelengths,
is
the difference
in the degree of response sensitivity?
This essay utilizes the
methods of psychology and physics to make
a rough comparison of
the
corresponding values of the response sensitivity of physiological extraocular
sight perception to light of four different kinds
of wave lengths
(636
Mmu,
560 Mmu,
491 Mmu, and 452 Mmu).
The results show that the extraocular
^ sight
perception of
the tested persons by us have different response sensitivity to
the light
of four different kinds of wave
lengths.
Due
to
. the
. limits of the
test,
the contents
of this report can only be used as qualitative observation
material;
the data in this report have no quantitative significance.
METHOD
1.
For a diagram of the equipment used in the experiment
see diagram
one.
The monochromatic light meter shown in the diagram
is
a WDS-J2 model;
the light source was
a 30W filament bulb;
we made our own collimator to
establish the relative value of the capacity of
the light wave lengths
generated by the monochromatic light meter.
We regulated the intensity of each
monochromatic light by a neutral light filter placed between the light source
and the point where the light entered the monochromatic light meter.
2.
The standard we used for selecting the wavelengths
is:
the
freshest
sense
of
color,
and the greatest distance between the wave
lengths.
We did
this
in order
to diminish discrepancies
in the test.
Based on this,
we
selected four kinds of wave lengths,
a red color of 636Mmu,
a yellow of
560
Mmu,
a green of 491 Mmu,
and a blue color of 452 Mmu,
for use in our survey.
3.
The test process:
The test began by having the test proctor
randomly select one kind of light from among the four kinds of wave lengths
<
described above and by placing a neutral light filter between the illuminating
lamp of the monochromatic light meter and the point where the light enters the
monochromatic light meter.
Following this,
the test proctor had the person
tested place an extraocular part of the body
(the palm of the hand)
at the
point where the light exits
the monochromatic light meter and thereby start
the extraocular
"recognition" until the person tested becomes aware of
the
sense of color , whereupon the person tested reported this awareness to the
proctor.
Finally,
the above described process was repeated
. while the proctor
steadily diminished the transparency of the neutral light filter until
the
person tested said that
the sense of color had ceased.
At this point,
the
proctor recorded the wave length being tested and the transparency rate
of
the
neutral
light
filter.
This transparency rate was then designated the threshold
transparency rate
eta.
Eta and the corresponding relative value of
the light
wave length were multiplied and inverted to produce the corresponding value of
the sensitivity response
of the person tested
1 s extraocular sight sensitivity
to the wave length of this
light.
Once the proctor obtained the corresponding
values
of
the sensitivity response for all
four wave lengths,
the test was
completed
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Diagram
1:
A diagram of
the principal equipment used in the experiment.
A.
Point where light exits
the monochromatic light meter.
B.
The hand of
the person being tested.
C.
The monochromatic light meter.
D.
The covering
(for the tested person's hand).
E.
Point where light enters
the monochromatic light meter.
F.
The neutral
filter.
G.
The electricity gauge.
H.
The lamp.
I.
The electricity stabilizer.
In order to prevent the tested person's normal ocular vision from
interfering with the test process,
[the area] from the point where the light
exits the monochromatic light meter to the tested person's extraocular body
part (the palm of the hand)
was enclosed in a covering.
Participating in the test were two young girls.
Miss Li
(ten years
old)
and Miss Miao
(also
ten)
,
both of whom possess extraocular sight perception.
Results and Discussion
1.
The relative value of the two tested persons'
sensitivity response
to light of four different wavelengths
is
as
follows:
Miss Li's relative sensitivity value for light of
a wave length of
636
Mmu was
3%;
for wave length 560 Mmu,22%;
for wave length 491 Mmu,
51%;
and for
wave length 452Mmu,
81%.
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Miss Miao's relative sensitivity value
for light
of
a wave length of
636
Mmu was
4%;
for wave length 560 Mmu,
8%; for wave length 491 Mmu,
24%;
and for
wave length 452
Mmu, 38%.
Diagram
shows
the above described results of
the relationship between
wave length and sensitivity.
From the test results we can clearly see that the two tested persons
extraocular sight perception of light
of
four different wave lengths had
different sensitivity responses.
Among the
four kinds
of
light,
the tested
persons were most sensitive
to the blue light of
452 Mmu, and next most
sensitive to the green light
of 491 Mmu;
but
least sensitive
to the red light
of
636 Mmu.
.
Comparing the above described results
to the spectrum sensitivity
curve of physiologically normal sight perception we can see that:
the
extraocular sight perception of the two tested persons had different
sensitivity responses
to light
of
four different wavelengths;
moreover,
the
wave length to which the two tested persons were most sensitive was also
different.
Normal ocular sight perception during daylight
is most sensitive
to light
of
550 Mmu but,
during evening,
most sensitive
to light of
505
Mmu.
Normal ocular sight perception can deal with pale green light whereas
extraocular sight perceptions more sensitive
to blue light than to pale
green.
Differences
in the degree of sensitivity of normal ocular sight
perception to light
of different wave lengths
is determined by the special
light sensing characteristics
of the tiny light sensing cells
in the
sclera.
Because of
this,
the part
that produces these differences
is
the primary
sensing organ in the whole vision perception system.
How are differences
in
the degree
of sensitivity to the light spectrum of extraocular sight
perception constructed?
In which part of
this system are these produced?
These are problems worth our consideration.
This test informs us
that light
of different wavelengths
is
capable
of
producing different perceptions
of color.
The problem of color perception,
however,
is an even more complex problem.
The recognition of color
information in physiologically normal ocular vision
is not only related to the
special characteristics of the organs
of light perception but also related to
the special processing characteristics of the optical nerve system to color
information.
At present,
according to some authors, these two special
characteristics of normal ocular sight perception are explained by the three
colors theory of Yangyi-xiamu-huoerci
[phonetic]
and the four colors theory of
Xylene
[phonetic]
.
While testing extraocular sight perception,
we discovered
that
’’ocular sight” and
’’extraocular sight”
have the same sense of color with
regard to the same kind of color information
(regardless of whether the color
is monochromatic or polychromatic)
.
This
leads us
to think that perhaps
between them
’’ocular sight”
and
"extraocular sight" have
a similar
transmitting and processing channel
for color information.
Our present
experiment,
however,
tells us that their response
to the light spectrum
is not
quite similar and this
leads us
to think that their color information
transmitting and processing channels are also different
as well.
In that case
then what relationship do these two
"sight perception”
systems have
in
receiving,
transmitting,
and processing spatial color information? This
is
also worth our consideration.
3.
This experiment only compared extraocular sight perception
sensitivity with respect
to light of four kinds
of wave
lengths.
Although we
can see differences
in the degree of sensitivity,
we have not however obtained
a most sensitive light wave length value.
We suggest that
the appropriate
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work units can continue with this work in order to complete
the curve
for
spectrum sensitivity of extraocular sight perception.
4.
The relative value
for the monochromatic light meter's spectrum used
in the present experiment was obtained using
a standard produced by an
illuminator of our own manufacture.
Although this illuminator was previously
checked for accuracy,
that was
some time ago and therefore the results
produced by this experiment are only for qualitative use.
We take the
opportunity here
to call
the reader's attention to this point.
[1]
Wang Shengli,
et
al
"Nature Magazine
, "3 (1980)
336
/
A.
Relative value of the degree of sensitivity given as a percentage.
B.
The results
for Miss
Li.
C.
The results
for Miss Mial
D.
Wave length
(Mmu)
.
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with the ears"
be organized.
A debate that departs
from scientific experiment
is
of no value.
The committee reiterated that research work on physiologically unique
skills must be conducted under the leadership of the party;
must be guided by
Marxist theory in order to uphold the methods and universal views
of
dialectical materialism;
must guard against and resist fully the incursions
of
idealist thought,
and must proceed unrelentingly to battle feudal
superstitions and all kinds
of anti-Marxist thought and behavior.
The committee seeks
to have the broad mass
of scientific workers base
their work on strict,
rigid scientific experiments
and,
starting with the most
fundamental research work,
be prepared to spend years or even tens
of years
completing one or two key experiments that will be fully acknowledged by both
domestic and foreign scientists.
The committee selected He Chongyan as chairman of the preparatory
committee,
and Long Wenyu,
Ye Zhaoqi,
Wu Xicai,
Lin Shuhuang,
Su Yin
(female)
,
and He Chongyan as members
of the standing committee
(together with one other
individual)
,
and Zhu Runlong as committee secretary.
Each committee delegate acknowledges that this plenum convened at
the
most opportune moment,
collected
a broad spectrum of opinion,
clarified
thinking,
standardized our knowledge,
strengthened our unity,
completed the
establishment
of our organization,
and achieved satisfactory results.
Everyone said sincerely that,
although the road before us
is difficult,
nevertheless
the
future of research on physiologically unique skills
is
bright
.
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[1 ]
Biermann
L.,
Mitteilungen
der
Astronomischen
Gesellschqft, 51
(1981) 37
[ 2 ] Lust R.» Naturwissenschaften, 68
(.1981) 229
[ 3 ] Lust R., Natwrwissenschaften y 66 (1979) 217
[ 4 ] Wallis M. K., Nature, 286, 5770 (1980) 207
[ 5 ] Hughes D., New
Scientist
,
85,
1189 (1980) 66
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