SPECIAL ORIENTATION TECHNIQUES
(U)
By:
RUSSELL TARG
HAROLD
E. PUTHOFF
BEVERLY
S. HUMPHREY
EDWIN
C. MAY
333
Ravenswood Avenue
Menlo
Park,
California 94025
U.S.A.
(415)
326-6200
IA-RDP9SjDp.7a7&pfla|QQ[OlOOOI-fJOT RELEASABLE TO
FOREIGN NATIONALS
,
ft*
£
A.^
A A* JP-&CC&S
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: CIA-RDP96-0 rrrnrT
o50B?8OBBWffooo i -7
Final
Report
Covering
the Period
1 May
1979
to 31 March
1980
June
1980
SPECIAL ORIENTATION TECHNIQUES
(U)
By:
RUSSELL TARG
HAROLD
E. PUTHOFF
BEVERLY
S. HUMPHREY
EDWIN
C. MAY
SRI
Project 8465
SPECIAL ACCESS PROGRAM FOR
GRILL FLAME.
RESTRICT
DISSEMINATION TO ONLY
INDIVIDUALS WITH VERIFIED ACCESS.
Approved by:
ROBERT
S. LEONARD, Director
Radio Physics Laboratory
DAVID
D. ELLIOTT, Executive Director
Systems Research and Analysis Division
CLASSIFIED BY:
Msg, HQDA (DAMI-ISHI
dated
7 July 1978
REVIEW ON:
7 July
1998
not releasable to
FOREIGN NATIONALS
ved For
(415) 326-6200
Cable:
SRI
INTL MNP
TWX:
910-373-1246
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CONTENTS
(U)
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
(U)
.
•
.
v
LIST OF TABLES
(U)
vii
I
OBJECTIVE
(U)
II
INTRODUCTION AND SUMMARY
(U)
A*
Basic Program Structure
(U)
B.
Task Summary
(U)
C.
Report Organization
(U)
III
BACKGROUND
(U)
A,
Screening
(U)
B.
Remote Viewing Protocols
for the Description of Local
(San Francisco Bay Area)
Target
Sites
(U)
1.
Basic Procedural Design
(U)
*
.
.
2..
Remote Viewer/Interviewer Roles
(U)
3.
Target
Pool Selection
(U)
4.
Target
Storage and Access
(U)
5.
Remote Viewer Orientation
(U)
6.
Interviewer Behavior
(U)
7.
Target Person
("Beacon")
Behavior
(U)
8.
Post-Experiment Feedback
(U)
.
.
.
9.
Evaluation Procedure
(U)
IV
ORIENTATION PROGRAM—PHASE ONE
(U)
A,
Remote Viewing
of
Local Target
Sites
(U)
B.
Summary of
the
Six Series
(U)
The individual titles
on this
page are UNCLASSIFIED.
However,
the compi-
lation of these titles may indicate defense information and material,
the
unauthorized disclosure of which could reasonably be expected to cause
serious
damage
to the national security;
hence, an overall classification
of SECRET
is warranted.
iii
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ILLUSTRATIONS
(U)
Stanford Art Museum Target
(a),
and Response
(b),
by
Viewer 372
(U)
Beacon Tower in Vicinity of Control Tower Target
at Palo
Alto Airport
(a),
and Response
by Viewer No.
292
(b)
(U)
.
.
Windmill Target and Responses
by Viewers
S5
(a) and
No.
468
(b)
(U)
Redwood City Cross
Target,
and Responses
of Viewers
372
(a)
and
155
(b)
(U)
Pedestrian Overpass Target,
and Responses
of
S4
(a)
and
No.
155
(b)
(U)
.
.
.
.
Distribution of 36 Target/Transcript
Correspondences
for
Local Target
Sites
(6 subjects,
6 transcripts
each),
Showing
More than 50% First-Place Matches
(U)
Comparison Between Blind-Judge Rankings and Accuracy
Assessments
(U).
.
•
.
.
•
Ultra Modern Dome House—Target,
and Viewer 372
Drawing
(U)
.
.
.
.
Mount Alverno Conference Center
,
and Viewer 372
Drawing
(U)
Stanford Shopping Center— Target
,
and Viewer 372
Drawing
(U)
Varsity Theatre Arcade—Target, and Viewer
518
Drawing
(U).
.
Victorian House—Target,
and Viewer 518 Drawing
(U)
Glass
Slipper Motel— Target,
and Viewer 518 Drawing
(U)
.
.
.
Stanford Shopping Center— Target
, and Response
of
Viewer No.
468
(U)
Target
Slide,
and Viewer 292 Response Fifteen Minutes Before
Random Selection of Target
(U)
Target
Slide
, and Viewer 272 Response Fifteen Minutes
Before
Random Selection
of Target
(U) .....
.....
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Copper Pitcher and Viewer No.
518 ERV Response
(U)
.
.
; Food Mill
Target
and Viewer No.
518 ERV Response
(U)
,
Straw Hat
Target and Viewer No.
518 ERV Response
(U)
.
Tripod Target and Viewer
No.
518 ERV Response
(U)
.
.
.
Antenna and Viewer No.
518 ERV Response
(U)
Globe Target and Viewer No.
518 ERV Response
(U)
.
.
.
vi
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TABLES
(U)
X
Results
of Transcript Concept Analysis
of
a Remote Viewing
Experiment
(U)
0-7 Point Accuracy Rating
Scale
for Target /Transcript
Correspondence
(U)
Total Scores
for Each of the
Six Viewers
in Phase-One
Orientation Program
(U)
Distribution
of
CRV Target/Response Matchings
(U)
Program Summary
(U)
•
.
.
.
100
vii
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I
OBJECTIVE
(U)
(S)
The objectives
of this program are the optimization of remote
viewing
(RV)
protocols
,
the orientation of
selected individuals
to reach
enhanced
levels
of ability,
and the establishment
of screening procedures
to enlarge the population from which individuals
are selected.
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II
INTRODUCTION AND SUMMARY
(U)
A.
Basic Program Structure
(u)
(S)
In this
report we present results and assessments
of a one-year
program for
the optimization
of remote viewing with client-selected
individuals.
The objective of
this program was
to familiarize these
individuals with the
SRI remote viewing protocols
,
to produce enhanced
levels
of ability,
and
to establish screening tests
and
' procedures
for
enlarging
the population from which such individuals
are
selected.
(U)
For the past seven years
SRI
International
has
been investigating
a human perceptual/processing ability called remote viewing
(RV)
,
This
is
the subject
matter of
the
current
study,
and
it pertains
to
the
acquisition and description,
by mental means,
of information blocked from
ordinary perception by
distance
or shielding and generally considered to
be secure from such access.
(S)
At the
start
of this program,
six individuals were chosen by
the client organization to participate in an RV technology transfer.
With the exception of
one of
the
six who had participated in an ESP study
several
years
earlier,
these participants when selected were inexperienced
with regard to paranormal perception in general, and RV in particular.
A variety of different training protocols were examined with the goal
of
helping the participants
familiarize themselves with the
SRI
RV techniques.
Formal assessment and transfer series were
carried out with each of
the
six participants,
in which they were asked
to use mental imagery processes
to describe distant geographic locations
(bridges,
roads,
buildings,
etc.),
hidden 35-mm slides
of
similar sites,
and objects
placed in a controlled-
access
location.
Several other information series were
carried out.
These
are all described in later sections
of
this report
.
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(U)
Four
of
the six participants each produced results
that
de-
parted significantly from chance expectation in assessment series
that
were formally judged by very strict
criteria.
The other two produced
results
in the assessment
series that were also suggestive of paranormal
perception.
Overall,
this result
constitutes highly significant per-
-5
formance
(p
=
4 X 10
,
or odds
of
one
in 25,000 of
such
a result occurring
by chance)
.
(S)
We are including
in this
introduction one illustrative example
of
ap RV trial
for
a real-time
San Francisco Bay Area outdoor target.
The yiewer,
No.
372,
who contributed this
data, produced
a mixture
of
responses,
some excellent
and some noncorresponding,
in his two series
at
SRI.
Several
of his
descriptions were among the best obtained in the
program,
and his
overall consistency in performance resulted in both
of
his individual series reaching statistical
significance.
(U)
Current and proposed programs are directed at training partici-
pants
to bring their RV ability under more
conscious
control,
and to
learn
to recognize and overcome
the factors that
limit RV reliability.
These
limiting factors
center around the generation of erroneous
data by the
viewer from his memory and imagination.
An example
of
the successful
resolution of such noise
is
the following.
(U)
The viewer was
closeted with an interviewer in the
laboratory
at
SRI to await the
target team's arrival
at their
destination.
The
targejt was
the Stanford Art Museum on the
Stanford campus.
The viewer
made several tentative outline sketches
of
different
shapes
that
he said
were
'’associated with the face
of
a building."
Finally,
he made
a careful
perspective drawing of the building he was visualizing.
A photograph of
the target
is
shown in Figure
1(a),
and the viewer's
drawing
is
shown for
comparison in Figure
1(b).
The viewer's narrative described the
face
of
the building as
follows:
"There
is
a white and black pattern,
a white
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Of
UNCLASSIFIED
FIGURE
STANFORD ART MUSEUM TARGET
(a), AND RESPONSE
(b), BY VIEWER 372
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<u>
and black striped pattern/'
...
"it’s
like
an inverted rectangle, with!
a
square fastened to the back,
or a rectangle
laid down behind it."
"Li^e
two buildings
in one.
One building."
"I have the
sense that
there
is
dirt
by the walls
.
,
.
He went
on to talk about
trees,
flowers,
and
bicycles,
all
of which can be found directly in front
of
the
target
building.
B.
Task Summary
(U)
(U)
In the following we briefly summarize results
of the various
perceptual tasks
that were undertaken:
!•
(U)
Bay Area Target
Site Remote Viewing .
In the
Phase One
activities
,
six RV trials with local San Francisco Bay Area
sites
as
targets were
carried out with each
of
the six
viewers.
In these
six series,
four
of
the viewers each
produced results
that were independently significant
(p < 0.05),
making the series
as
a whole strongly
significant
(p
=
4 X 10“®;
odds
of
one
in 25,000).
•
(U)
Remote Viewing of 35- mm Slides
.
These trials
were
carried out under varying conditions for five
viewers
in Phase
Two.
One viewer, who generated
significant results
in Phase
One,
was again independently
significant
in his
description of distant
slides.
A
second viewer,
also producing significant
results
in
Phase One,
produced drawings
in Phase Two that were
formally judged to have significant
correlations with
the slide targets, although his verbal material
did not.
A third viewer was asked to describe slides before they
were
chosen,
that would be shown to him at
a
later time.
His
results were suggestive
of success
(p
= 0.1)
but
not
statistically significant.
Similar trials with two other
viewers were also encouraging but
nonsignificant.
•
(S)
Remot e Viewing
into a Secure Area
.
A viewer who was
successful
in the slide viewing trials also carried out
a
series using extended remote viewing,
in which he spent
more than an hour on each of six attempts
to describe
objects held in a secure
location,
and chosen by the SSO
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(S)
controlling that
facility.
Two
judges evaluated this
viewer's responses:
one
judged it significant
(p
= 0.05),
and one
just missed significance.
•
(U)
Alphabet Targets
.
A viewer successful in both Bay Area
remote viewing and slide trials also participated in a
series
in which he attempted to describe alphabet
letters
in a distant
location.
This was
not
a formal series,
since
the protocol, which was exploratory in nature, was
changed
several
times
during the series.
However,
the percentage
hits
result indicates that
the viewer was
in contact with
the target
letters
at
a rate higher than would be expected
by chance.
These data, taken in conjunction with data
generated on another program,
show promise that this ability
can be developed.
•
(U)
Correlated Responses
.
In the
course
of
the year's
work,
targets were repeated from time
to time
as
a result
of random selection from a target pool
of
sixty.
In some
cases we obtained strikingly similar responses
(even when
incorrect)
from the different viewers who encountered these
repeated targets.
These responses
also correlated well
with responses obtained from other viewers
over past
years
of research.
The observation of
such
a result
indicates
the possibility that given target
stimuli trigger charac-
teristic responses, which could be tabulated in
a "dictionary”
of
site attributes.
'
•
(S)
Coordinate Remote Viewing
(CRY)
.
Three of
the viewers
took part
in CRV exercises
in which they were asked to
describe distant
locations anywhere
on the globe,
given
only the geographical
coordinates
of
latitude
and
longitude.
This
is an ability that
has been well demonstrated by some
of our experienced participants, and similar encouraging
results were obtained
in these trials with
client personnel.
One exercise which was sufficiently lengthy to
justify
analysis was
found to be statistically significant
at
p
= 0,0083
(odds
of one
in
120).
(S)
From these studies we find evidence that the SRI RV technology
is transferable;
one of the
client viewers
turned
in clearly superior
performances,
and three others produced successful
(statistically signifi-
cant) remote viewing
at
a
level to indicate useful information transfer.
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C,
^e Por^ Organization
(U)
(U)
In Section
III we describe the
SRI RV protocols,
including
resujlts from the past,
and our expectations
for the present program.
We
also discuss
the screening procedures used to select viewers and the
judging procedures used
to evaluate
the results
of
the investigations
carried out
in the
current program.
(U)
In Section
IV we
describe the first phase of the study,
in
which we systematically carried out
RV trials with the participants
to
obtain baseline data from each under similar experimental conditions.
(S)
In Section V we present
the exploratory work carried out
in
Phase Two in an effort
to extend
the repertoire
of RV tools available
to
clieht personnel.
(U)
Our
conclusions and recommendations
are presented in Section VI.
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III
BACKGROUND
(U)
(U)
With the overall objective
of improving the reliability of
psychoenergetic functioning, we have in the
past investigated several
different screening procedures,
familiarization/training protocols,
and
judging techniques,
both with the goal
of developing procedures useful in
identifying gifted remote viewers,
and of providing the most optimal
strategies
to permit
individuals
to exploit
the RV phenomenon to useful
ends.
In this section we provide background data on each of
these areas.
A,
Screening
(U)
(S)
One
of the goals of the program was
to pursue the question
of
the establishment
of screening procedures
to enlarge the population from
which individuals are selected for RV work,
(U)
In the psychoenergetics
field in general,
two approaches
to
screening have been pursued;
screening by profile,
and screening by
performance.
Both have been examined to
a
limited degree
in this
program.
(U)
In screening by profile,
one attempts
to establish physiological
and/or psychological parameters which differentiate high-performance from
low-performance individuals.
In an early program SRI
carried out an
extensive profiling program on gifted individuals and controls.
The tests
included
a comprehensive medical evaluation,
including X-ray scans
of the
brain, and comprehensive psychological and neuropsychological profiling.
The following
list
of tests administered gives an idea as
to the thorough-
ness
of the evaluations:
Wechsler Adult
Intelligence Scale
(WAIS),
Bender
Gestalt Visual Motor
Test,
Benton Visual Memory Test, Wechsler Memory
Scale, Luscher Color Test,
Strong Vocational
Interest Blank,
Minnesota
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(U)
Multiphasic Personality Inventory
(MMPI),
Edwards Personality Preference
Schedule
(EPPS),
Rorschach
Inkblot,
Thematic Apperception Test
(TAT),
Halsljead Category Test,
Tactual Performance
Test,
Speech Perception Test,
Seashore Rhythm Test, Finger Tapping Test,
Trail Making Test,
Knox Cube
^^/fest,j
Raven Progressive Matrices,
Verbal Concept Attainment
Test,
Buschke
*
Memory Test,
Grooved Pegboard Tests,
Gottschaldt Hidden-Figures
Test,
and
the spatial relations
subtest
of
the SRA Primary Mental Abilities
Test,
The dverall result
of
this testing was
that
no
clear profile parameters
*
emerged on which an
a priori screening procedure
could
be based.
(S)
In contrast
to formal testing,
however,
several
years observation
of remote viewers
by SRI researchers
has
led to an informal guide based on
subjective evaluation of
the personality traits
of
successful viewers.
This rule-of-thumb guide
is based on the observation that successful remote
viewers tend to be confident
,
outgoing
, adventurous
,
broadly successful
individuals with some artistic bent.
With this
as
a guide,
the sponsor
considered a population of 250 potential candidates
for the RV program.
Of
these,
117 were
interviewed, resulting
in
a pool of 30-35 individuals
for potential active use
in the program.
With regard to the
SRI orienta-
tion program,
ten of these were selected
for interview by the
SRI
team,
of which six were
chosen for active participation in the SRI program.
This ^constitutes
the
level
of screening by profile.
(U)
In screening by performance,
a number of unselected or pre-
selected individuals
are given
a psychoenergetics
task to perform.
Those
performing successfully are then said to be screened by the task,
and are
then graduated to further tasking.
(U)
H.
Puthoff and
R,
Targ
,
’’Perceptual Augmentation Techniques
(U),’
f
Final Report,
SRI Project 3183,
SRI
International,
Menlo Park,
CA
(December
1,
1975),
SECRET.
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(S)
In this
study,
the
six individuals pre-screened by interview
were then screened by performance on a six-trial RV series involving
local San Francisco Bay Area
locations
as
target
sites.
Four
of
the six
participants produced results
that individually were statistically sig-
nificant.
Since this overall result
is
itself statistically significant
we take
as evidence that
the interview selection
(screening) procedure
based on the SRI-supplied informal guidelines was
successful, keeping in
mind that
the sample
is
too small
to make an absolutely definitive
statement
.
(S)
Furthermore,
taking the initial six-trial series
as
a performance-
screening
instrument, we found that
the four high-performance individuals
in this
series
continued to perform with good success
in additional
tasks,
while the two lower-performance individuals were also
less successful
in
later tasks.
We consider this
to be an important finding.
(U)
From these overall results we conclude that pre-screening on
the basis
of interview, following the informal
SRI guideline
criteria,
and screening by performance, using the
SRI Standard RV Protocols,
both
constitute basic screening tools
that in this
program provided reliable
indicators
of success
in psychoenergetic performance.
B.
Remote Viewing Protocols for the Description of Local
(San Francisco Bay Area)
Target
Sites
(U)
(U)
As
a result
of efforts
over the
years
to develop an optimum
psychoenergetic task appropriate
for screening and training,
we have
settled on a standard remote-viewing
(RV) procedure which
is
a refined
version of
that described in our Proc.
IEEE paper.
The elements
of the
(U)
H.
E.
Puthoff and
R,
Targ
,
"A Perceptual Channel for
Information
Transfer over Kilometer Distances:
Historical Perspective and Recent
Research,"
Proc.
IEEE
,
Vol
.
64,
pp
.
329-354
(March
1976).
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(U)
protocol,
each of which
is addressed below,
consist
of
(1) basic procedural
design;
(2) remote viewer/interviewer
roles;
(3)
target pool selection;
(4)
target
storage and access;
(5) remote viewer orientation;
(6)
inter-
viewer behavior;
(7)
target person behavior;
(8) post-experiment
feedback;
(9) evaluation procedure*
1.
Basic Procedural Design
(U)
(U)
As
carried out at
SRI,
the general procedure
is
to closet
the percipient, hereafter called the viewer, with an interviewer,
and at
a prearranged time
to obtain from the viewer a description of an undis-
closed, remote site being visited by a target
team,
one of whose members
is known to the remote viewer and who thereby constitutes
the target
or
*
"beacon"
person.
The target team is assigned their target
location by
random entry into
a
list of targets
located within a 30-minute driving
time from SRI.
The target pool consists
of sixty target
locations chosen
from a target-rich environment.
The target
location selected
is kept
blind to both the viewer and interviewer
closeted at
SRI.
The protocol
is thus
of
the double-blind type.
(U)
In detail:
At the beginning
of
a trial,
a remote viewer
is closeted with an interviewer
in an isolated windowless room of
the
Radijo Physics Laboratory in the
SRI
complex to await an agreed-upon start
time.
At
the
same
time
a target person
is
sent, without
communication
with the remote viewer or interviewer remaining
at
SRI,
to
a target
location
somewhere
in the
San Francisco Bay Area
(^500 square km).
The target
is
(U)
The target person
is
designated
a "beacon"
rather than
a
"sender"
because
the
evidence
to date points
to
the remote viewer exhibiting an
independence of viewpoint and mobility at
the target
site which
takes!
the phenomenon beyond simply mind-to-mind information transfer.
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determined by random-number access
to
a target pool of travelling orders
previously prepared by an experimental team
(not including interviewers)
and kept
locked in a secure
safe.
The target pool consists
of
60 target
locations
chosen from a target-rich environment.
(U)
During a predetermined viewing period of
15 minutes duration,
the remote viewer
is asked to render drawings and describe into
a tape
recorder his
impressions
of
the target site being visited by the outbound
target person.
The interviewer with
the remote viewer
is kept
ignorant
of the target and
is
therefore free to question him to clarify his
descriptions without fear
of cueing
(overt
or subliminal)
as
to the
particular target.
(U)
When the target person returns
to
SRI following the remote
viewing period,
the subject
is then taken to the target
site so that
he
may obtain direct
feedback.
Following
a series
of such trials
over
a
several-day period,
a formal blind judging procedure
(described below)
is used to evaluate the
data and quantify the
results.
(U)
There
is, however,
a confounding factor that
needs
to be taken into
account.
Since general knowledge of
the
San Francisco Bay Area target
region on the part of
the remote viewer and interviewer must
be taken as
a given,
and since particular knowledge of the
contents
of
the target
pool
is revealed
as
a series progresses,
in evaluating the results
one
must take into account
the possibility that any particular description
may be artifactually sharpened..
(Such sharpening
can in principle
in-
crease the apparent quality of
the result only
if there
is
functional RV
to begin with;
it
cannot
in the absence of
RV produce an inflated result.)
This sharpening possibility in the presence
of an already functioning RV
capability
is handled in the statistical evaluation of
the results
by
conservatively assuming the worst
at
the outset,
and treating
the
series
as belonging to that
class
of studies
in which the elements
of
the
target
pool
are known a priori
to both remote viewer and interviewer,
as
in
studies involving numbers
or
cards
as
targets.
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2.
Remote Viewer/Interviewer Roles
(U)
(U)
An important
methodological aspect
of the
SRI RV protocols
is based on the fact
that
the remote viewer/interviewer team constitutes
a sipgle information gathering unit
in which the remote viewer’s
role
is
designed to be that
of perceiver/informat ion source,
and the
interviewer’s
role
is
designed to
be that
of analytical control.
(S)
This division of
labor
is
designed to mirror the two
primary modes
of cerebral functioning;
namely,
the nonana lytic cognitive
style
(related to brain function)
that predominates
in spatial pattern
recognition and other holistic processing
(and
is hypothesized to pre-
dominate
in psi
functioning),
and the analytical cognitive style
that
*
predominates
in verbal and other analytical
functioning.
(Only very
experienced remote viewers appear to have the ability to handle both
cognitive
styles
simultaneously.)
The interviewer role,
removing as
it
does
the burden of analytical functioning during exercise
of
the RV faculty,
appears
to be
a key element
in generating
the
level of
success required
in operational programs,
and we attribute
the
success
of
the
SRI RV
protocols
in large part
to
this
innovative design which appears
to provide
an appropriate match to the required functioning.
3.
Target Pool Selection
(U)
(U)
Target
locations in the
San Francisco Bay Area are selected
by
a team of
two Radio Physics Laboratory personnel who are
not involved
*
!
(U)
See,
e.g.,
J .
Ehrenwald,
"Cerebral Localization and the
Psi
Syndrome,"
J.
of Nervous
and Mental Disease
,
Vol
.
161,
No.
6,
pp.
393-398;
R.
Orhstein,
The Nature
of Human Consciousness
,
San Francisco,
CA:
Freeman,
1973,
Ch,
7 and
8;
and
R.
W.
Sperry,
"Cerebral Organization and Behavior,"
Science
,
Vol.
133,
pp
.
1749-1757
(1961).
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as
interviewers
in the experiments
(to prevent direct knowledge
of
the
target pool by the interviewers).
The
locations are
chosen to satisfy
the following criteria:
(1)
Target sites must
be within a half-hour drive of the
SRI Menlo Park
complex so that
a uniform target access
time exists
for all experiments.
(2)
The target
pool
is
constructed to contain several targets
of various
types— that
is,
several fountains,
several
churches,
several boathouses,
and
so forth— specifically
to circumvent analysis
strategies
of
the type "there was
a fountain yesterday,
so
it
is unlikely that
there
is
a
fountain today."
Furthermore,
targets
of different
types
are
not
chosen to be particularly distinct from each other,
so that overlapping features exist.
In this
manner the
content
of
a given target,
determined by random entry
into
the target pool,
is essentially independent of the
contents
of other targets
("open-deck"
design).
(3)
The definition
of what constitutes
each target
is
established in advance of
the entire RV series
by written descriptions on a
set
of 3" X 5"
target
cards.
(Ex:
Four Seasons Restaurant
,
on El Camino
Real,
just north
of
San Antonio Road.
Stand under
the
entry arch and feel
the bricks.)
These
cards
constitute
the outbound team’s
instructions
at
the beginning
of
the trial,
and the
judge’s
target
list
during the
evaluation phase.
4.
Target
Storage and Access
(U)
(U)
The
target
cards
are numbered and placed in individual
envelopes,
similarly numbered, by the target selection team,
and then
stored in
a GSA-approved secure
container
not available
to project remote
viewers
(U)
At
the start
of an RV session the
interviewer,
remote
viewer, and target person rendezvous
in the
laboratory and establish the
trial
start
time
(30 minutes hence).
The
target person then leaves
the
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laboratory,
generates
a random number by the use
of
the random-number
function on
a Texas
Instruments
Model SR-51 hand calculator
(whose
randomness
has
been verified by a separate
test),
obtains
the associated
envelope from the safe, and departs
for the target
site.
5.
Remote Viewer Orientation
(U)
(U)
During
the
period that
the target person is enroute
to the
target,
the interviewer and remote viewer have
a period to relax and
discuss
the protocols.
The goal
of
the interviewer during this
period
is
tci make
it
"safe"
for the remote viewer
to experience remote viewing.
For the initial orientation of
a new remote viewer,
this typically includes
a discussion as
to how remote viewing appears
to
be
a natural rather than
abnormal function,
and that many people appear to have done
it successfully.
(U)
The remote viewer
is
told that memory and imagination
constitute noise
in the
channel,
and therefore
the closer he
can get
to
raw uninterpreted imagery,
the better.
He
is encouraged
to report raw
perception rather than analysis,
since
the former tends
to be
correct while
the
latter
is often wrong.
(U)
Since remote viewing
is
a difficult
task,
apparently similar
I
*
to the perception of subliminal
stimuli,
it takes
the full attentive
poweijs
of the remote viewer.
Therefore,
the environment,
procedures,
etc.,
are designed to
be
as
natural and comfortable
as possible
so
as
to minimize
the diversion of attention to anything other than the task at hand.
No
hypnqsis,
strobe
lights,
or sensory-deprivation procedures are used,
since
H.
Ij.
Dixon,
"Subliminal Perception and Parapsychology:
Points
of
Contact
, "
Proc.
of the XXVII Annual
International Conference of
the
Parapsychology Foundation,
Inc
.
,
New York
(1979).
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in our view such
(novel) environmental factors would divert
some of the
subject's much-needed attention.
6.
Interviewer Behavior
(U)
(U)
The interviewer arranges ahead of time to have pen and paper
available
for drawing,
and a tape recorder
.
The room lighting is
somewhat
subdued to prevent after-image highlights,
shadows
on eyelids,
etc.
(U)
When the agreed-upon RV trial time arrives,
the interviewer
simply asks
the remote viewer to "describe the impressions
that
come
to
mind with regard to where the target person is,"
The interviewer does
not
pressure the remote viewer to verbalize
continuously;
if
he were
to,
the
remote viewer might tend to embroider descriptions
to please
the interviewer,
a well-known syndrome in behavioral studies
of this type.
If the remote
viewer tends toward being analytical
("I
see Macy’s")
the interviewer
gently leads him into description,
not analysis.
("You don’t have to tell
me where
it
is,
just describe what
you
see.")
This
is
the most
important
and difficult
task of the interviewer,
but
is apparently necessary for
good results,
especially with inexperienced remote viewers.
(U)
It
is also useful for
the interviewer
to "surprise"
the
remote viewer with new viewpoints.
("Go above
the scene and look down
what
do
you
see?
If
you
look to the
left, what
do
you
see?")
The remote
viewer’s viewpoint appears
to shift rapidly with
a question like
this,
and
the data come through before
the viewer’s
defenses activate
to block
it
out.
(S)
The interviewer role described here,
applicable
to the familiariza-
tion/screening task at hand,
is appropriately modified for an operational
task involving an experienced remote viewer.
In the
SRI operational
procedure the interviewer
is typically more "muzzled"
in general,
although,
if
not blind to the target,
supplying positive feedback at certain key points
for
correct target-related responses,
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The shifting
of viewpoint also obviates
the problem of
the remote viewer
spending
the entire session time giving meticulous
detail on
a relatively
trivial item,
such as
a flower, which, even
if
correct, generally will
be
of
little use
in assessing the session.
(Once
a remote viewer feels
h^
sees
something,
he tends
to hang on to this perception rather than commit
himself
to
a new viewpoint.)
It
is important
to recognize again that with
the division of
labor between remote viewer and interviewer
it
is
the
interviewer
*
s
(not
the
remote viewer
f s) responsibility to see that
the
!
necessary information to permit discrimination among
the range of target
possibilities
is generated,
the remote viewer's responsibility being
con-
fined to exercise
of
the RV faculty.
(U)
The remote viewer
is
encouraged
to sketch what
he sees,
even over his
objections
that
he
is
not an artist,
can't
sketch,
etc.
He may do so throughout,
or wait until the end of the session if inters
mittent drawing would distract his
concentration.
Since drawings tend
to be more accurate than verbalizations,
this
is an extremely important
factor for good results.
.
Target Person
("Beacon") Behavior
(U
)
(U)
After obtaining a target
card
in the manner described
earliler,
the target person proceeds
to the target
site indicated.
(U)
He
is
asked to
come upon the target
location at the starting
time
so that his view of
it
is
fresh at
the beginning
of
the remote viewing
period.
He
is
to then simply pay attention to the environment as dictated
by instructions
on the target
card.
At
the end of
the agreed-upon targ
viewing time
of
15 minutes
the target
person returns
to the
lab.
et
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8.
Post -Experiment Feedback
(U)
(U)
When the target person returns,
and after all
the raw data
has been filed,
the
interviewer,
remote
. viewer
,
and target person proceed
directly to the target
site for feedback.
This
helps
to develop
the
remote viewer’s
sense
of which aspects
of his mental imaging process are
correct, which are incorrect.
This appears
to bring the RV trial to
closure for the remote viewer,
so that when he has
a following session,
his mind is
no longer involved with wondering how he did on the previous
one.
Only a very experienced subject
can function well time after time
without
feedback,
so this
is
done for each trial to optimize the potential
for success.
9.
Evaluation Procedure
(U)
(U)
In a sense,
the most
critical part
of the standard remote-
viewing procedure
is
the evaluation procedure*
Any single experiment
in
remote viewing,
even if
perfect., could in principle be dismissed as
possibly
a
coincidence..
Further,, any result
less
than perfect might
be
called into question as
a generalized "grass
is
green,, sky is
blue"
transcript that
fits every target.
Strictly speaking,
only blind differ -
ential discrimination of transcripts across
a series
of targets
can provide
a basis
to discriminate between these dismissals and the RV interpretation,
although,
as we shall
see
later,
certain post hoc transcript-by-transcript
evaluation procedures
are found to correlate well with blind differential
matching procedures.
(U)
To obtain a numerical evaluation of
the accuracy of
a
standard six-trial remote viewing series with
a given remote viewer,
the
results
are subjected to
judging on a blind basis by an SRI research
analyst
not otherwise associated with the series
he
is
to
judge.
To be
specific,
two project personnel acted
as
interviewers
(R.
T.
and
H.
P.),
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and two others
(E.
M.
and
B.
H.)
interchanged roles
on alternate series
as
thrget person and blind judge*
When acting
as
a
judge
for
a given
series,
that
individual was
isolated from the viewer and others
involved
in the series
so as
to prevent
contamination.
(U)
In preparation for
judging,
the remote viewer’s tapes
are
transcribed.
The resulting transcripts
are then edited only
to the extent
of
deleting
information which might
act
as artifactual
cues
to
a
judge,
such as references
to other targets,
or phrases which might
indicate the
temporal order of the transcripts.
(U)
The transcripts
(including associated drawings)
and target
cards,
each arranged in their own random order different
from the order
of target usage, are then turned over
to the
judge.
The
judge
is
instructed
to visit
the target
locations
on the basis of the
target
card instructions,
and to blind rank order,
on a scale of
1-6
(best
to worst match),
each
of
the six transcripts against each
of the six target sites,
generating
a
6X6 matrix.
(U)
In order
to
carry out
this
task,
the
judge must assess
quantitatively the degree of correspondence between
a given transcript
and target.
We have recently developed a
concept analysis procedure that
provides
for just such detailed comparisons.
In this
new procedure,
wd
begin by analyzing
each transcript
for
its
specific
content.
To accomplish
this
j
the transcript
is
divided into a
list
of
specific concepts,
where
a
concept may consist
of
a single word or phrase from the
transcript
(e.g.,
"red
;),
or a single word or phrase that summarizes
a
lengthy idea
(e.g.,
"shady")*
A
list
of
concepts
is
made
for each transcript
in a series to
be
judged.
The analysis proceeds
by having the judge,
who
is blind to
which transcripts actually match which targets,
stand at
the first
target
location on his
target
list,
and for each transcript make an assessment,
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concept
by concept,
on a rating scale
of
0 to
10.
A rating of zero
implies
no correspondence whatever between that particular concept and
the target
site
in question, and
a 10 implies
complete
correspondence.
Intermediate
scores
are given in proportion to the extent
of
the
corres-
pondence,..
Having done
this
for each of the
concepts,, one by one,
in the
first transcript,
the
judge repeats
the assessment
as
independently as
possible
for all the
concepts
in all of the remaining transcripts.
He
then proceeds
to
the next target site on the
list and repeats
the
concept
assessment
for all
of the transcripts
as applied to that
site.
Having
finished all the travel sites
in this
manner,
the
judge computes the
average rating
score for all
concepts
in each transcript matched against
each target.
When there are
six trials
in the series,
there are 36 such
averages
(U)
In a second step of
the
judging procedure,
the
judge
displays
his
results
in
a matrix with targets displayed as
rows and
transcripts
displayed as
columns*
An example from an actual experiment
(Viewer
690)
is
shown in Table
1.
At this
point
in the analysis,
the
judge submits his
results.*
(U)
A precise measure of
the statistical significance
of
the
matrix of target/transcript relations
is given by a direct-count-of-
*
permutations method of great generality*
It
is an exact
calculation
method requiring no approximations
such as normality assumptions.
Furthermore,
the
judging process
that went
into generating
the matrix
is
not required to
be independent transcript-to-transcript nor target-to-
target
.
Finally,
the statistical evaluation procedure
is
general enough
that,
in addition to being applicable to the blind rank order procedure
*
(U)
C.
Scott,
"On the Evaluation of Verbal Material
in Parapsychology:
A Discussion of
Dr.
Pratt's monograph,"
Jour.
Soc.
Psych.
Res .,
Vol
.
46,
No.
752,
pp.
79-90
(June
1972).
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Table
RESULTS
OF TRANSCRIPT CONCEPT ANALYSIS
OF A REMOTE VIEWING EXPERIMENT
(U)
(a) Ratings
Targets
Transcripts
A
B
C
D
E
F
Shielded Room
4 55
5.85
2.20
3.80
2.90
2.20
Alta Mesa
3.40
4.00
6.05
2.85
3.00
4.70
Ely Chevrolet
3.50
2.60
1 .75
2.00
4.45
4.30
Four Seasons
4.90
3.20
4.80
2.80
2.60
4.85
Methodist
Church
2.15
2.60
3.50
3,20
4,70
6,45
Library Stacks
4,05
3,90
3.80
3.80
4.30
6.25
(b)
Rankings
Targets
Transcripts
A
B
C
D
E
F
Shielded Room
3 ©
Alta Mesa
3 ©
Ely Chevrolet
5 ©
Four Seasons
o
Methodist Church
2 ©
Library Stacks
6 ©
Circles indicate target /transcript key.
UNCLASSIFIED
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(U)
in use
at the present
time,
it
can be applied to analyses
in which numeri-
cal estimates
of
target /trans cript
correspondences are made on the
basis
of other rank-order or rating scales.
This
includes arbitrary scale
rating arrived at
by some
complex procedure involving many factors
such
as
occurs
in multiple- judge
voting;
cases
in which,,
for
a given target,
several transcripts are given the same rating,
all transcripts are rated
zero,
a few transcripts
are assigned rank order numbers and the rest are
assigned the mean of
the remaining rank order numbers, and
so
forth.
The
only requirement
is
that
no artifactual information
is provided as
to
the
order
of targets and transcripts.
In particular,
it
can be shown that
if
targets are used with replacement or are non-orthogonal
,
then the method
applies even in the
case
in which there
is trial-by-trial feedback and
the
target pool
is known a priori
to both remote viewer and interviewer.
Thus
the possibility of interviewer cueing
or subject guessing based on
a priori knowledge of the target pool
is handled at
a fundamental
level
\
by a statistical procedure that assumes
the worst.
The argument
is
as
follows
.
(U)
In the absence
of knowledge
as
to which transcript
was
generated in response
to which target,
one observes
that
in setting up
the target-transcript
matrix there are
n!
possible ways
to
label the
columns
(transcripts),
given any particular order of
the rows
(targets),
and vice versa.
Thus,
there are
nl
possible matrices
that
could be
constructed from the raw judging data,
all
of them equally likely under
the null hypothesis
that
the viewer's
remote viewing attempts produce
nothing but vague and general descriptions and/or occasional
chance
correspondences with various target
sites.
Each matrix has
its associated
sum on the matrix diagonal corresponding to a possible alignment
of
targets
.
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UNCLASSIFIED
(U)
The significance
level
for the experiment
is then determined
by counting the number of possible matrices
that would yield
a result
(diagonal
sum)
equal
to or better
(i.e.,
lower sum of
ranks
in the rank-
order
case
,
higher sum of scores
in the correspondence-rating case,
etc.)
than that obtained for the matrix corresponding
to the key,
and dividing
by
nil
This ratio gives
the probability
of obtaining by chance
a result
equal to
or better than that obtained
in
the actual judging process.
For the results
shown in Table
1 we find,
by direct
computer
count
of
the
6L
matrices obtained by interchanging columns,
that
the probability of
obtaining equal
or better matching by chance
is
p = 1/61
= 0.0013.
(XJ)
This statistical procedure,
in use
for more than two
decades
by many researchers
r was
specifically designed
to handle narrative
material
of
the remote viewing type, and
it
cannot
be
stressed enough that
it
is
constructed sufficiently conservatively so as
to apply even in the
limiting
case in wh5 ch the target pool
is
completely known a priori
to
all involved,
thus
handling any possible
contamination due to remote
viewer guessing or interviewer cueing
in protocols
of
the type used in
the
;SRI RV procedure.
(U)
As an overall calibration of
the remote viewing process,
against which specific examples
can be gauged, we
can take
as
a background
data base the
lengthy collection of
51 remote viewing trials
collected
over
a several-year period with nine viewers,
and published in Reference
1,
In these trials,
viewers were targeted on
local targets
(bridges,
swimming
pools,
theaters,
airports,
computers,
machine shops,
etc.) within
a 20-km
range of
SRI.
The quality of
the results was
such that the
judges, who
had to determine in a blind fashion which viewer-generated data packages
(tape transcripts and drawings) were associated with which target
sites,
were able
to blind match transcripts
to targets
in first place in roughly
half
1 the
cases,
an exceptionally significant
results
As will be shown
later,
similar results
(in fact,
somewhat better) were obtained in this
program.
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IV
ORIENTATION PROGRAM— PHASE ONE
(U)
(S)
In this section we describe the six remote viewing series
carried
out with each of the
client-supplied volunteers
.
All
series
have been
assessed as
to the amount
of remote viewing exhibited in each.
Four
of
these
series were found,
by blind judging,
to depart significantly from
chance expectation.
Finding four
such significant
series,
in a group
of
six,
is
sufficient
to make the group as
a whole statistically signifi-
-5
cant
(p =
4 X 10
).
A description of each trial
in each of
the series
will be presented below.
A.
Remote Viewing of Local
Target
Sites
(U)
(S)
During
the months
of May,
June,
and July,
six one-week remote
viewing series were
conducted,
one week with each of
the
six client par-
ticipants.
These series were carried out
at
the rate
of
two series
per
month.
The purpose of these initial training activities was
to obtain
baseline data on each
of
the participants
taking
part
in a uniform series
of
trials, and to provide
a basis
for
later evaluation and comparison of
their performance
in more
diverse
tasks
.
(U)
The six remote viewing sessions
for each participant were
con-
ducted at
a rate
of one
per
day,
except
for Thursdays, when there were
two sessions.
The project directors divided the interviewing tasks, with
RT remaining with the viewer for
the first
four trials,
and HP acting
as
interviewer for
the
last
two,
in every case.
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B.
Summary of
the
Six Series
(U)
(S)
The following
summarizes our impressions
of the thirty-six remote
viewing trials
carried out
in our
laboratory,
May through July
1979,
by the
six client participants.
(U)
In order to present
a
coherent assessment of the sessions
in
this
summary,
we rate each session individually by a measure we
call
Accuracy Rating.
This
is our evaluation as
to
the correspondences between
viewer-generated transcripts and the intended target
site.
This assess-
ment
is
carried out on a post hoc basis with knowledge
of
the target
site,
and so
is
not intended
to
be
the equivalent
of
n blind judging.”
Its
utility
is that
it provides
a relative measure from our standpoint
as
to
the success
of
the various
participants.
We rate each transcript on a
0 to
7 scale, with a
0 for no correspondence,
and
a
for
a transcript
that
shows excellemt
correspondence with essentially no incorrect
infor-
mation,
and including good analytical detail
(for example, naming the
target by name).
The scale
is shown in Table
2.
Again,
the
0 to
7 rating
is
nbt
a blind measure
of the
level of RV functioning,
but rather
a
procedure for comparing the
relative performance of
the participants.
As
we
see
later,
however,
the correlation or agreement between our Accuracy
Rating system and the results
of formal blind
judging
is
high.
1.
Viewer
No.
155
(U)
(U)
Target
1:
White Plaza at Stanford University .
This
trial
was
the
first
in the overall group
of thirty-six,
and also was
in our
opinion
(and that
of
the blind judge)
one
of the very best in the series
of
six with this remote viewer.
The viewer correctly identified the main
feature of
the site as
being
a plaza with a fountain.
He also had a tall
column dominating
the scene, which could be a match to Hoover Tower,
a
looming structure
nearby..
Additionally described were
a series
of arches,
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Table
(U)
0-7 POINT ACCURACY RATING SCALE
FOR TARGET/TRANSCRIPT CORRESPONDENCE
(U)
= Excellent
correspondence, including good analytical detail
(e.g.,
naming the site by name),
and with essentially no incorrect
information.
6 = Good correspondence with good analytical
information
(e.g.,
naming
the function), and relatively little incorrect
information.
= Good correspondence with unambiguous unique matchable elements
,
but
some
incorrect
information.
= Good correspondence with several matchable elements intermixed
with incorrect information.
= Mixture
of
correct and incorrect elements
,
but enough of the
former
to indicate viewer has made
contact with the
site,
= Some correct
elements,
but
not
sufficient
to suggest
results
beyond chance expectation.
= Little correspondence.
= No correspondence
.
(U)
which are
a recurring feature
in the buildings
surrounding the courtyard.
Accuracy Rating
=
5.
(U)
Target
2:
Stanford Art Museum .
- The viewer did not
describe
this
large Greek-columned building at all.
He
did, however,
mention nearby features,
such as arches and red-tiled roofs,
and indicated
that
he felt that
it was again a "Stanford type"
of
target.
Accuracy
Rating
=
3.
(U)
Target
3:
Fire Circle
.
Among other things,
the viewer
correctly described a circular depressed area, with descending steps,
a
squared-off
far end,
and something in the
center.
These features are
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(U)
descriptive
of
the target.
However,
the viewer also described and drew
two other fairly coherent
scenes
that
did not pertain to the target.
Consequently the
judge who eventually evaluated this
series
in the blind,
ranked this
transcript
in fifth place,
out
of six,
because of
its
corre-
spondences
to other targets.
The viewer also accurately perceived the
beacon's
activities
at
the
target
by stating that,
n ...
he was
involved
in the movement
somehow.
He was
on or thinking about
something that
moves,
goes; around in a
circle.
It
seems
to
be
a
circular thing.
Because
I
was getting
the feeling
of vertigo
. ..."
The beacon stated in his
notes
regarding his
activities
at
the target that
he
"...
circulate (d)
the
fountain
. .." and
"...
did a sort
of
Indian whooping dance
as
I
jumped
around the thing
.
.
.
.
Simply rating
the transcript
and drawings
to the
actual target,
our assessment
was Accuracy Rating
=
3.
(U)
Target
4:
Log o.
This
target
is
a
ft X
ft orange
metal sculpture
on the grass
lawn of
a
chemical
company.
It
is
symbolic
chain molecule,
consisting
of four
large diamond shapes
connected together.
The viewer did not
describe anything
that pertained to
the
target.
His
main features were of
a gazebo structure.
Accuracy Rating
=
0,
(U)
Target
5:
Valombrosa Conference Center
.
The main feature
of
liis
description was
a fan shaped structure,
somewhat
matching
the roof
design of
the principle element
of
the target.
He pictured it
as
an
"arched cave with bars," which
led
to the blind
judge incorrectly matching
it
to
the pedestrian overpass.
Accuracy Rating
=
2.
(U)
Target
6:
Pedestrian Overpass
,
The viewer's
initial
description was
of
a "lacey arch," which
is
a very apt summary of this
wire and pipe structure.
He went on to describe his
"confined feeling."
His description then became
that
of
a "narrow alley" and what sounded
like
a village
scene with stucco buildings.
His
fourth drawing was
a reasonable
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(u)
representation of
the arched entrance to the overpass.
Again,
however,
there were
so many extraneous
elements
to the viewer’s
output that
our
judge ranked this transcript fourth out
of
six.
Rating
it only with
regard to the individual target, we assigned
it an Accuracy Rating
=
3.
(S)
This remote viewing series was
the
first
to be
conducted
with a client volunteer.
It was
judged
in accordance with the detailed
concept analysis
described earlier.
The final tally revealed only one
correct first-place assignment,
and all others fourth-place or
less.
The
series was therefore statistically nonsignificant,
according
to our
evaluation criteria.
Our Accuracy Rating assessment agreed fairly well
with the blind judging results,
both being relatively low because
of
the
viewer’s
frequent inclusion of erroneous elements along with strongly
correct
ones
in
a given transcript /drawing package,
a combination that
made
judging difficult.
(Our sum of Accuracy Ratings was
16,
the
next
to the
lowest
of
the
six.)
In engineering terms
this would be
a good
example of
a signal-to-noise problem.
There were occasional good examples
of
signal,
but
it was generally overwhelmed by the
noise.
2.
Viewer
No.
292
(U)
(U)
Target
1:
SRI Courtyard
.
The
central
feature of this
large,
enclosed courtyard
is
a fountain in a square
concrete base.
The
viewer described
a
number of different architectual forms
including
domes
and columns, which are
not
at
the target
site.
He also described a small
waterfall,
however, which
is
in fact
at the site,
in a form well illustrated
by one
of
his drawings.
In addition, another drawing
shows an eight-lobed
circular structure that
closely resembles
the inner portion of
the
fountain.
Because
of
the many nonapplicable elements
of
the
description,
however,
this
transcript only merits an Accuracy Rating
= 3.
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(U)
Target
2:
Varsity Theatre Arcade
,
The target
is
the
entry to a motion picture theatre.
From the street
one
sees
a double
colonnade running from the street
to the theatre entry.
To the
left and
right are stucco walls with movie posters behind glass,
and down the
center
is
a row of striped umbrellas.
The viewer described
a tunnel-like
structure, receding away from him,
and masonry walls, with bright reflec-
tions,
all relatively apropos.
He also drew and described a kiosk struc-
ture with a striped coolie-hat
top, which bore
no resemblance
to anything
at the target
site
during the viewing period.
When the viewer was
taken
to the site for feedback following
the session,
however,
it was found that
umbrellas matching
the striped coolie-hat
top had been set up,
indicating
the possibility of contamination from future remote viewing
(FRV)
of
feedback..
Additional evidence along these
lines
is supplied by the results
of
the following session.
(U)
In general,
in this session the drawings were more applicable
than the transcript.
Accuracy Rating
=
5.
(U)
Target
3:
Glass
Slipper Motel
.
This
target
is
a motel
on El Camino Real.
The
facade
is
a representation of
a fairy tale
castle.
The viewer didn’t describe anything
like
the target,
although
he
did give
a
detailed and coherent description of
a place that
he visualized.
One
of
the consistent
items
in the viewer’s transcript was
his reference to
big shade
trees,
an arbor-like effect,
and horizontal yellow and orange
bands
of
cloth,, supported on wires
to make
a horizontal awning.
Accuracy
Rating
=
0.
(U)
Of some interest,
however,
is
the
fact
that after taking
the Viewer
to the target
site,
and confirming
that
it
did
not particularly
match his description,
the interviewer suggested that they have
lunch at
a new restaurant
that had just opened up,
several miles
away.
The restau-
rant visited had all the features
described above.
Neither the viewer nor
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(U)
the interviewer had ever seen this
,
or any similar place before,
so one
can speculate that
the viewer may have experienced FRV overlay from this
site.
(U)
Target
4:
Wallbangers
Racquet
Ball Court
.
The target
building
is
situated in relatively open country,
immediately adjacent to
a pond with three fountain spouts
in it.
The outbound team initially
parked in front
of
this
pond,
but
then moved the
car around to the side
of
the building because they were
concerned that spending any time
near
the fountain might
tend
to focus
the viewer’s attention on this
element,
rather than on the racquetball
club interior.
(U)
The viewer described two main elements;
a body of water
with two or three fountains
in
it,
and
a balcony looking down on a geo-
metrical pattern of some sort.
The viewer provided
a coherent description
of
the outbound team's activities with regard to their
stay on the
balcony.
However,
he described the scene outdoors
containing
the fountain,
as
if
it were visible from the balconey
(which it
is
not),
apparently super-
imposing the interior /exterior aspects.
Accuracy Rating =
4.
(U)
Target
5:
Airport
Tower .
The target was
the
control
tower
at
a small
local airport
(Palo Alto Airport).
Upon arrival at the airport,
the target team drove down a short road, passing
a tall,
metal-braced
beacon tower
at
the entrance,
and parking by the
smaller,
stone
control
tower.
The viewer gave first
a description that appears
to pertain to
the
beacon tower at
the entrance
to the Palo Alto Airport,
and then appears
to have shifted
to
the control tower
(the actual target)
a quarter mile
away.
(U)
The viewer made
a
careful sketch of
a tall metal tower
with diagonal bracing.
He called
it
a mast, with
a "plane”
at
the bottom.
When the
interviewer asked him about
the plane,
the viewer said
it was
a
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(U)
"jack plane"
of
the
type
carpenters use
to finish woodwork.
(This
type
of symbolism— there were airplanes
near the tower— is often seen in
remote viewing transcripts.)
The viewer then drew and described
a globe-
and-^clouds emblem
(FAA symbol) which
is
on the
stone tower door,
and was
studied by the target
team at
the
site.
(U)
Figure
2(a)
shows
a photograph
of the beacon tower,
and
Figure
2(b)
the viewer’s
initial response.
The
first paragraph of
his
comments
includes
the following:
"At
first
I
thought
it
was
a ladder
going vertical
...
it slowly changed
like
it was
a
lattice TV tower.
It
appears
to have three verticals, with diagonals
and
cross
bars.
I
can’t
see
the top
of
it,
but
logic tells
me that
it would have an antenna;
but
I
see
a bell
shaped structure
instead."
This
narrative
shows
a viewer
successfully overcoming his analytical prejudice
in favor
of
his actual
pictorial
images,
(U)
Although
the
control tower rather than the beacon tower
was
the actual target
as
far
as
the outbound team was
concerned, we
interpret
this result
as
indicating that once in the vicinity
of
the
target
at
the Palo Alto airport,
the taller beacon tower
caught
the remote
viewer’s
attention.
We assigned this session an Accuracy Rating
=
6,
the
highest
of
the thirty-six trials in this introductory orientation series.
(U)
Ta rget
6:
SRI Shielded Room .
The viewer had
a repeating
view of an outdoor,
turning disk, which condensed for him into
a drawing
greatly resembling a merry-go-round at
a nearby park,
a well known target
described
in our published work.
Little of
this
description resembled
the actual
target.
Accuracy Rating
=
0.
(U)
Because of
the variability
of this viewer's results,
the
blind judging result was nonsignificant.
In spite
of
two zero scores,
however,
this viewer was
fourth place among
the
six participants with
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(U)
regard to accuracy ratings
(his
sum of Accuracy Ratings was
18).
The
nonsignificant blind judging result may somewhat underrate his ability
(which
is highly variable)
to
do remote viewing;
we found his descriptions
of
the
small waterfall,
the Varsity Theatre entrance,
the airport
beacon
tower,
and the apparent FRV contamination taken together to indicate RV
potential
not
yet under good
control.
3.
Viewer No.
372
(U)
(U)
Target
1:
Stanford Art Museum .
The viewer described
a
stone building with a higher central part,
and two wings,
one on either
side.
He then drew the building in
a
careful pen and
ink sketch which
strongly resembles
the target
(see Figure
1,
Section
II earlier).
However
there are several other
less
carefully executed sketches
on the
same page,
and on other pages,
including sketches suggesting tombstones, which
resulted in this transcript being ranked first place match to a
cemetery.
The transcript itself had many elements that pertained to items
in the
museum entry,
however,
including column design.
The
judge gave this
a
second place rank out
of
six.
Accuracy Rating
=
4.
(U)
Target
;
Baylands
Nature Preserve
.
For reasons
yet
to
be determined,
this
is the target
that
in our seven years work
is
most
often described excellently,
and
in
a somewhat
characteristic manner.
The
main feature
at
this botanical garden at
the
San Francisco Bay is
a wooden
walkway from the shore to an observation platform a quarter of
a
mile away
in the
salt
marsh.
This walkway
is
crossed at
right
angles
by
a similar
one that
follows
a row of high-voltage transmission towers.
Almost every
viewer who has had this target has described
a
f, large
cross on the
ground.
This viewer was
no exception.
He also characterized
it
as
an outdoor site
with no other buildings.
Accuracy Rating
=
5.
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(U)
Target
3:
Alta Mesa Cemetery .
The remote viewer reported
a recurrent
feeling of "rough
cut
stone."
"It
feels
like
a church but
it
is
not
a church."
He made
a drawing of
a small arched building that
is
at the site.
"Very peaceful and relaxed," he said.
He also had
a
recurring theme of
some kind of stone overhang, which was
not
at
the site,
and which resulted in the blind judge assigning this otherwise coherent
transcript to the Art Museum.
Accuracy Rating
=
4,
(U)
Target
4:
Jungle Gym .
The viewer described
a
large box
with curved edges,
made
of wire-like bent
coat hangers.
He also had
a
metal surface rippling and shining in the
sun like
a
child's
slide.
(A
slide was
next
to the
jungle gym target.)
He made schematic drawings
of
both the circular
jungle
gym,
and the slide.
He went on to say that
the
target
is more
like a sculpture than a building,
and indeed the playground
elements are in the form of metal sculptures
(horse,
car,
etc.).
Accuracy
Rating =
5.
(U)
Target
5:
Salt Pile
.
This
target
is
a salt refinery on
the San Francisco Bay.
Its prominent
feature
is
a gleaming white pile
of
salt about
100 ft high,
and 200 ft
long, which the viewer did not
describe.
He did,
however,
describe an outdoor site with birds
and wind,
which was
correct.
He also mentioned some machinery.
An additional item
that
contributed
to the judge's ability to correctly match the transcript
to the target was
his
drawing of
a
large,
orange, pillow-shaped structure.
This was easily matched
to
a large rusted quonset hut
at the
site.
He
also spoke extensively of
a sharp,
pointed object that
the outbound person
was especially interested
in.
(In fact,
RT had picked up a very large
salt
crystal
of this
description,
and brought
it back to SRI.)
Although
we considered the transcript somewhat nonspecific,
the
judge was able
to
match
it
correctly.
Accuracy Rating
= 3.
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(U)
Targe~t
Brickyard
.
There are initial descriptions
of
rectangular objects,
and the first drawing
looks
like
a drawing
of
a brick.
The transcript also had discussions
of being
inside
a building,
and
of
views
of towers, which are
incorrect.
He
later sees
things
lined up
that
look
like books
on a shelf.
Again and again he has
Mvery precise geometric
patterns,"
as
"the most
important aspect
of
the place," which
is
correct.
The drawing package has
six pages
of
curved objects and forms
that
do
not
apply,
however.
The viewer also stated,
"when
I
look up
I
see
red,
red
sky,
the sky is
all red
for
some reason
..." which appears
to correspond
to the beacons'
note about
spending a significant
amount
of
time
"between
two Very extensive solid walls
of red-orange brick."
Accuracy Rating = 3.
(U)
The sum of Accuracy Ratings
for this viewer
is
24,
the
highest
in the group.
The blind
judging with transcript analysis resulted
in correct matches
to
the appropriate targets
for
four
of
the six tran-
scripts,
and an interchange
of
the remaining
two.
This
gives
four first
place matches and two second place matches
in the final
judging matrix.
Using the exact
count-of-permutations analysis
described earlier,
the
probability of obtaining by chance
a result
equal to or better than the
one obtained
is
p
= 2/61 < 0.003.
Thus,
the odds
of obtaining a result
of
this
significance by chance
is
less
than
in 300.
(U)
The viewer's
significant performance was repeated in his
second training period at
SRI, when he took part
in additional trials,
which again produced highly significant results.
4.
Viewer
No.
468
(U)
(U)
Target
1:
Merry-Go-Round
.
The target
was
a child's merry-
go-round in a playground sand pile.
About
ft
away
is
a spiral slide.
The viewer's main descriptions were
of
a
large multistory building
in
a
courtyard.
Inside this
building he has
a "free-floating staircase that
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(U)
is kind of suspended.
It turns
this way,
and then there
is
a chute,"
a
description that resembled somewhat
the
spiral slide.
However,
there
was nothing in the drawings
or transcript
that pertained to the merry-go-
round,
and the multistory building concept was
incorrect,
so that
a
judge
would not
be able to identify the target from these data.
We therefore
assigned
it an Accuracy Rating =
0,
in spite
of
certain suggestive
correspondences
to
a nearby feature.
(U)
Target
2:
Windmill
.
This
target
is
a white-vaned windmill
on a
country road and has been well described by two previous viewers
in
past
years.
This viewer described curving stairs
(incorrect)
and a
circular building
like
a water tank
(correct).
Our assessment was
Accuracy Rating
=
3.
(U)
Target
3:
Stanford Art Museum .
The item of main interest
at
this
site
is
a 5-ft
cube sculpture standing on its
corner in front
of
a columned portico of
a Greek-style building.
The viewer described
a
dark rectangular solid sticking out
of the front
of
a building,
and drew
a careful sketch of pillars
that
support
the
front
of
the entry just behind
the
cube.
The viewer also mentioned track lighting,
heavy doors,
and an
"interior bridge,"
all of which show good correspondence to elements
at
the target
site.
His transcript also had office buildings and
cyclone
fencing,
however, which do not appear at
the
site.
We assigned
it
an
Accuracy Rating
=
3,
based primarily on the two good drawings
of
the
projecting rectangular solid and the columns.
(U)
Target
4:
Methodist Church
.
For this target he described
a building with
a "sloping roof with windows
set
into it."
He then drew
a large sketch of a building with a pointed roof supported from the out-
side by sloping roof beams.
These features accurately represent
the main
features
of
the
large stone
church that was
the target.
The viewer also
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(U)
correctly described that
the target team went
inside
the building, and
thep looked out
through windows toward the end of
the trial.
Accuracy
Rating =
5.
(U)
We also note that the viewer seemed quite tense to the
interviewer during the first
three trials.
On Thursday,
just before
trial
4,
our contract monitor arrived at
SRI
to observe
the protocol,
and particularly the randomization procedure used
in target
selection.
He also observed this
trial
by joining
the outbound target
team.
From
this point forward we noticed a dramatic change
(for the better)
in the
viewer’s performance.
(U)
Target
5:
Four Seasons Arch
.
f,
I get
the feeling
of their
walking through an opening in a
low wall."
That
is
just what
a target
team does
at an omega-shaped arch
in front
of
a restaurant.
The
viewer
had several arch shapes,
together with a carefully drawn wall
comprising
300 degrees
of
a circle,
and correctly labeled as
being white
(although
he had
it
lying
on the ground, which
is
incorrect).
The transcript
is all
arches
and walls
for the first
four pages, and then drifts
into buildings
and wooden structures which are
not
at
the
site.
Accuracy Rating
=
5.
(U)
Target
6:
Mount Alverno Conference Center
.
This
target
consists
of
an assembly building with glass
doors,
and an overhanging
shallow-pitched roof
that resembles
in many details
the drawing made by
the viewer.
He also correctly described the approach
to
the
site over
a
little bridge with hand rails,
and said that
the building was
locked,
so
that
the target
team could not go inside
(correct).
Further,
he described
a bridge
n that
goes
nowhere,
’ in striking agreement with
a stairway that
rises up
a hill,
and appears
to
go nowhere,
since all
one
sees
at
the
top
of the stairway
is
the
sky.
The viewer did
not
describe
a tall stone
tower surmounted by a gold cross
next
to the assembly building, which
is
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(U)
considered the main feature
of
the target
site.
Our assessment resulted
in an Accuracy Rating
= 5,
because of the good drawing of
the main building,
and an accurate description of
the place as
being
’’quite
like
a church
but
not exactly
a
church itself.”
(U)
Sum of Accuracy Ratings =21.
We note that
this viewer's
ability to make
clear drawings
of his mental images
(he
is
a professional
illustrator)
is
a great asset both to himself
in describing his remote
viewing experiences,
and to those trying
to evaluate his
descriptions.
Blind judging gave this
series
4 first,
second,
and
1 fourth place
match
(p < 0.003,
or odds
of
less
than one
in 300 for such a matching
profile
to occur by chance alone).
5.
Viewer No.
518
(U)
(U)
Target
1:
Stanford Shopping Center
.
The target
is the
central courtyard of
the Stanford Shopping Center.
It
is
a
large rotunda
surrounded by high arches
and
is paved with tiles
in a
circular pattern.
The pedestrian avenues
leading away from this
hub have fountains and large
planters with flowers.
The viewer drew and described a round fountain
with
a spray,
located close
to a rectangular box with something dark in
it.
This transcript
did not
contain
a description of the central
focus
of
the
target
, although many elements
could be found in the nearby
pedestrian avenues
,
Accuracy Rating
=
.
(U)
Target
2:
Bowling Alley .
The viewer described an outdoor
scene with a large building with overhang
(correct), with many curves and
oaken doors
(incorrect).
Inside he had a
complex structure
like
a throne.
We found little resemblance
to
the target.
Accuracy Rating
=
1.
(U)
Target
3:
Alta Mesa Cemetery .
The viewer described and
drew several buildings, which were not apropos,
and described
”a place
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(U)
of
fun and recreation."
He had a recurring bicycle throughout
the
transcript which also could not
be matched.
Our Accuracy Rating
=
1.
(U)
Target
4:
Hoover Tower
.
The viewer had the
feeling that
he was
"abnormally high."
He also saw semicircular ends
of
a dark tunnel
in which he was
standing.
The target
team was
on the observation deck
of Hoover Tower.
The
deck
is
surmounted with a domed ceiling
(that the
viewer described)
and each of the four
sides
is
a
large floor-to-ceiling
arch,
making the view outside much brighter than the space inside the
observation deck,
resulting
in a tunnel-like aspect.
The viewer
clearly
had the
idea of shade,
coolness, arches,
and height.
He also drew
a
"reddish inverted cone" and labelled
it
as
such, which was
a good match of
the top
of the
tower.
The beacon was
slightly acrophobic during
the ex-
periment,
and
the viewer detected "tension,
anxiety around me and below
me
...
Accuracy Rating
=
4.
(U)
Target
5:
Swimming Pool Complex
.
The viewer described
"a two-dimensional rectangle
that
is
not
a structure,"
in
a plaza sur-
rounded by walls.
His images finally resolved into
a three-tiered fountain
of
fazy-susan construction.
At the site
the
target team was
standing
between a
large rectangular pool and a circular wading pool
110 ft across.
The jtarget team members discussed at the site
the
fact
that
if
the viewer
described the wading pool
as
three
concentric circles
in a plaza,
that
would probably indicate target acquisition.
(The
circular pool
has three
dept|h graduations,
each marked by a dark
circular band.)
The viewer’s
final drawing
is
of three nested circles
in the middle
of
a plaza,
surrounded by
a wall, with trellises and foliage on the
sides
(correct).
However,
this very apropos drawing was preceded by others
less descriptive
of
or applicable
to the target.
Accuracy Rating =
4.
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(U)
Target
6:
Miniature Golf Course
«
The
target team con-
centrated their attention on a red A-frame schoolhouse
at
a miniature
golf
course.
The
viewer several times described teepee-shaped structures
(some resemblance
to certain structures
on the
course),
but the main
portion of his description pertained
to the inside of
a hall with much
confusion,
and a row of what
looked
like display cases
(a possible match
to
a building at
the site containing rows
of pinball machines).
Accuracy
Rating
= 2,
(U)
The sum of Accuracy Ratings
for
this viewer was
15, which
is
the
lowest
of
the six participants.
In spite of
this
low rating,
formal blind
judging resulted in separation of signal from noise,
awarding
these data
4 first-place and
2 second-place matches
(p
= 2/61 < 0.003),
which
is
a statistically significant outcome
for this
series.
Since
these trials
this viewer has returned to
SRI
for an additional two weeks
of work.
During that
time he performed quite well on the remote viewing
of slides,
hidden objects,
and distant
coordinates.
These additional
trials are discussed
in the
next section.
6,
Viewer
No,
690
(U)
(U)
Target
1:
Alta Mesa Cemetery
.
The viewer,
on this
first
trial,
had a very diffuse transcript— mainly outdoors,
grass,
reeds,
and
trees,
in
a natural,
not
man-made environment.
The viewer had
low cliffs
nearby.
The drawings were relatively nonspecific.
Because
of
the outdoor
naturalistic description,
the Accuracy Rating = 2.
(U)
Target
2:
Four Seasons Restaurant Arch
.
The target
is
a
large white omega-shaped stone arch
set
into a wall in front of
a
restaurant.
The subject described
"a white dome supported by pillars,"
and also
a fence.
Throughout
the brief two-page transcript there was
only
a
"gazebo"
like structure
that
one can see through,
and
a fence.
Accuracy Rating
=
4.
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(U)
Target
3:
Shielded Room ,
The target
is
a small rectangular
screen-room,
about
4 by
8 by
ft
high.
The principal feeling of
this
target
is
one of confinement.
The viewer said,
"he seems
inside
a square
something,
looking out through
a square.
It’s
dark inside.
It
is
not
terribly high,
ft
maybe."
The drawing shows
a rectangular structure
marked
"6
ft wide.,"
Our assessment
of the viewer
f s description
is
Accuracy Rating
=
5.
(U)
Target
4:
Automobile Showroom .
The target
is
a hexagonal
glass building with
a conical roof.
The viewer’s
first
impression was
of
"a glass
bottle with
a thin neck."
"I keep getting the impression of
glass,
lots
of
glass
objects."
"it
is
some kind of store."
The viewer
felt
"bad vibes" from the
place;
it seemed threatening.
It turned out
that
HP,
the outbound person,
was
sent
to an automobile showroom and was
pretending to
be interested in
a new
car,
attracting the salesmen in the
showroom.
He
came back reporting that
it was
one
of
the most unpleasant
outbound experiences
he has
had.
The
drawings were diffuse,
but
because
of
the essentially correct,
though exaggerated emotional perceptions,
it
received an Accuracy Rating
=
4.
(U)
Target
5:
Palo Alto Library .
The outbound team stood
between the shelves
in the
library stacks.
The viewer did not describe
anything about
the
library,
and our assessment was Accuracy Rating
=
0.
(U)
There was
an interesting facet
in connection with this
trial,
however.
The viewer described
a cornfield with rows
of
corn ready
for picking,
etc.
When we heard the tape
for
this
trial we
could think
of
no such place
in the
city of Palo Alto.
But
in accordance with our
usual protocol, we took the viewer back to the target
site.
As we were
parking
the
car,
the viewer
looked out
the
left window of the
car and
exclaimed,
"that’s
my corn field."
Immediately adjacent
to the public
library,
there
is
a community garden which this
year
is
devoted entirely
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(U)
to corn.
So,
one may speculate that
the viewer accessed this adjacent
area
as
the target team arrived at
their
site.
(U)
Target
6:
Methodist Church
.
All
the images
in this
tran-
script pertain to
a one-story building with ”an inverted V roof."
The
main feature
of the target
is
just
such a roof.
The viewer also correctly
identified the target
as
being
a building in downtown Palo Alto.
Since
there were no identifying characteristics
given, we assigned
it an
Accuracy Rating
=
4.
(U)
The sum of
the Accuracy Ratings
for the six trials
is
19,
which
is
the third highest
in the group.
One
of
the main features that
contribute to this viewer’s comparatively high rating
is
that these tran-
scripts are relatively free of
incorrect material;
the viewer
does
not
have a
lot
to say,
but what
is
said
is
largely correct.
We consider this
to be a very desirable characteristic.
(U)
The formal
judging for this
series
yielded five first place
matches.
The probability of obtaining such a result by chance
is
p
= 1/21 < 0.002,
(The most
significant
of
the study.)
C.
Analysis
of Transcript Correlations
(U)
(U)
Before summarizing
the
judging results
of Phase One, we digress
to discuss an interesting and potentially important observation.
During
the past seven years
of research, we have carried out
a total of
more than
two hundred remote viewing trials with several viewers.
Since the target
locations
for these trials
are selected by random processes from previously
prepared target
pools,
individual targets will recur from time
to time
for different
viewers.
We have observed that
certain targets are almost
always
described
correctly, while
certain others are described in a
consistent
idiosyncratic fashion even when the description is
incorrect.
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(U)
For example,
the Baylands Nature Preserve, which
is
a botanical garden
in the marshes
of
San Francisco Bay,
has been a target several times
in
the last two years.
This
large open area
is
reached by a wooden walkway
about
a quarter of
a mile
long.
This walkway is crossed at
its midpoint
by another walkway under some high-voltage transmission wires.
Nearly
all viewers
(including Viewer 372 from this program)
describe this
site
in terms
of
a "large
cross
lying on the ground."
(U)
In the Phase One series,
two
large
churches
in the target
pool were not described by Viewers
468 and 690 in terms
of their rather
prominent
crosses;
instead, attention was
called to their "tall pointed
roof"
(correct).
(U)
The windmill target has never been described in terms
of
its four
large white blades,
but instead by reference to a circle with
four quadrants marked off, and a feeling of circular motion, even though
the windmill does
not
move.
The responses
of Viewer 468 and an earlier
subject are shown in Figure
3.
(U)
We take
these
consistent perceptions
as
suggesting that
viewers
do not necessarily experience a target
location in the same terms
as they would if
looking at
the target visually.
Instead,
some kind of
simplifying transformation may take place during the viewer's perception
of the target
site.
~~
(U)
An example of such simplification is
shown in Figure
4,
in which the target
is
a
large cross on a hilltop.
Two viewers,
155 and
372,
described and drew
it
as
a tall isosceles
triangle.
(U)
In a recent experiment,
a viewer
(No.
155)
described
a
target
as
"squares within squares within squares."
His drawing and
description were quite parallel to a drawing made by a subject
six years
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FIGURE 4
REDWOOD CITY CROSS TARGET, AND RESPONSES OF VIEWERS 372
(a),
AND
155
(b)
(U)
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(U)
earlier in response to the same target,
a pedestrian overpass.
The
responses
of both viewers are shown in Figure
5.
(U)
Since the subject
in the
laboratory
is
not perceiving
the target visually,
it
seems unrealistic and unwarranted
to assume that
his experience
(perception and conceptualization)
of the target should
necessarily always
be photographic.
In a different perceptual modality,
if the only data a person obtained about
a trumpet was
its sound,
he
would be able to recognize
it each time
it was
heard,
but
he would have
little information about
its visual or physical aspects.
On the other
hand,
after he had received visual feedback on his perceptions
of many
different musical instruments,
the viewer
(listener) would be able to
learn the particular transformation between the sound
of
the instrument
and its
visual
appearance.
In a similar manner,
the occurrence
of
simple, recurring and archetypical responses
to
a given target in remote
viewing may signal the possibility that the underlying transformations
can be
learned and categorized
.
D.
Summary of Judging Results
for Local Target
Sites
(U)
(U)
We have described earlier in some detail how a
judge arrives
at
a numerical ranking
of the trials
in a formal blind evaluation of
a
series,
by use
of
concept analysis
of the transcripts.
The overall results
of
the formal judging are shown in Figure
6.
Although in blind ranking
one would expect
one first,
one second,
...
one sixth place match for each
person,
or six
of each for the six viewers
combined, we find in fact
that
over half of the transcripts were first-place matched to the appropriate
target.
The result recapitulates
that obtained in our
laboratory in our
original study published in the March 1976 Proc.
IEEE
.
(U)
In addition,
in order to arrive quickly at
a trial-by-trial
assessment, we made use also
of
a simple post
hoc rating technique
of
a
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NUMBER
OF
n
th
PLACE
MATCHES
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PLACE MATCH
(blind matching)
UNCLASSIFIED
FIGURE 6
DISTRIBUTION OF 36 TARGET/TRANSCRIPT CORRESPONDENCES
FOR LOCAL TARGET SITES
(6
subjects, 6
transcripts
each),
SHOWING MORE THAN 50% FIRST-PLACE MATCHES
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(U)
type devised by the
client.
In this approach one rates
as
"perfect"
(e.g.
,
7 on
a
O-to-7 scale)
a transcript in which the target
is unequivo-
cally identified.
If there
is
no apparent relationship between the
transcript and the intended target,
on the other hand,
the transcript
is
rated
0.
For intermediate results,
an intermediate rating
is
assigned,
as indicated earlier
in Table
2,
All
transcripts were given a numerical
Accuracy Rating, using
the
O-to-7 scale,
in the presence
of
the
contract
monitor.
The summary data for the two
judging processes
are tabulated
in Table
.
(U)
We are now in
a position to compare mathematically our Accuracy
Rating of
the transcripts
(post
hoc evaluation scale) with
the formal
ratings
of
the same transcripts
by
a blind
judge.
In Figure
7 we have
plotted a comparison
of
the Accuracy Ratings
(vertical scale)
and the
blind- judge rankings
(horizontal scale).
We have also calculated the
correlation coefficient between these two sets
of ratings
for the 36
transcripts/target
pairs evaluated by both procedures.
For
the
36 pairs,
the
correlation coefficient
is
r
= 0.59.
The numerical probability of
a
correlation this high or higher occurring
by chance between "uncorrelated"
data over the same range of values
is only one
in twenty thousand
(p =
5 X 10“5
).
(U)
This
important result
shows
that
a post hoc Accuracy Rating
technique similar
to that used by the client organization to
evaluate
transcripts
and viewer performance
is very well
correlated with objective
blind matching normally used in psychology to evaluate data of
this
type.
E.
Phase-One Conclusions
(U)
(S)
In the first phase
of
this technology transfer program we have
carried out
six series
of remote viewing trials,
one series with each
of
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FIGURE
COMPARISON BETWEEN BLIND-JUDGE RANKINGS AND ACCURACY
ASSESSMENTS.
Blind judging provides objective support for the accuracy
rating evaluation
process,
in
that the
high-accuracy-rated
transcripts
are
likely
to
be
first-place matched
(in
the
blind)
to
the
appropriate
target.
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UNCLASSIFIED
Table
(U)
TOTAL SCORES FOR EACH OF THE
SIX VIEWERS
IN PHASE-ONE ORIENTATION PROGRAM
(U)
Viewer No.
155
Accuracy
Target
Blind Place Match
Rating
White Plaza
(Stanford)
Stanford Art Museum
Fare Circle
Logo
Vhlombrosa Conference Center
Pedestrian Overpass
NS
(nonsignificant)
Viewer No.
292
Target
Blind Place Match
Accuracy
Rating
SRI Courtyard
Varsity Theater Arcade
Glass
Slipper Motel
Wallbangers Racquetball Court
Airport Tower
Shielded Room
J5
__0
NS
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Table
(continued)
Viewer No,
372
Accuracy
Target
Blind Place Match
Rating
Stanford Art Museum
Baylands Nature Preserve
Alta Mesa Cemetery
Jungle Gym
Salt Pile
Brickyard
~
_3
p < 0,003
Viewer No,
468
Target
Accuracy
Blind Place Match
Rating
Merry-Go-Round
Windmill
Stanford Art Museum
Methodist Church
Four Seasons Restaurant Arch
Mt
. Alverno Conference Center
p < 0.003
Viewer
No.
518
Target
Blind Place Match
Accuracy
Rating
Stanford Shopping Center
Bowling Alley
Alta Mesa Cemetery
Hoover Tower
Swimming Pool Complex
Miniature Golf Course
p < 0.003
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SEGHET
Table
(concluded)
Viewer
No.
690
Accuracy
Target
Blind Place Match
Rating
Alta Mesa Cemetery
Four Seasons Restaurant Arch
Shielded Room
Automobile Showroom
Palo Alto Library Stacks
Methodist Church
p < 0.002
Note:
The probability of obtaining
4 significant
series
out
of
6 by chance
is
itself significant
at
odds
of
less
than
one in ten thousand.
(S)
the six client-supplied volunteers.
All
but
one
of these individuals had
little experience with psychic functioning
in general,
and all had only
limited introductory experience with the remote viewing protocols
of
SRI
in particular before
their participation in the
SRI program.
The
goal
of
this
program was
to familiarize the individuals with these protocols
and
attempt
to achieve enhanced
levels of functioning
(as
compared with chance
expectation)
(S)
Of the six viewers taking part
in the trials,
four carried out
series
that
showed success sufficient
to reach individual statistically
significant
departure from chance expectation,
as measured by blind matching
of each of the viewer's
six responses
against
the six target
locations
used in his
series.
Finding four participants
out
of
six reaching
statistical significance
at
p < 0,05 results
in the entire group of trials
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(S)
-5
being significant
(p = 4 X 10
).
We therefore conclude from the Phase-
One results that the
client participants
as
a group showed remote sensing
abilities
that
departed strongly from chance expectation.
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V
ORIENTATION PROGRAM— PHASE TWO
(U)
(S)
In this
second phase of the orientation/training program,
five
of
the six original participants returned to SRI for an additional two
weeks
of exposure to various remote viewing exercises.
One of the
con-
tinuing questions in our examination of remote viewing
is
the determina-
tion of what constitutes
a target,
of crucial importance in operational
applications.
To obtain data relevant to this
question,
we carried out
two series
of remote viewing trials, with two individuals who were asked
to describe the contents of 35-mm slides representing Bay Area locations.
We wanted to determine whether the viewer would describe
the slide itself
or the target site
of which it was
taken.
The results seem to indicate
that
it
is the slide as opposed to the target
site,
that
is perceived and
described in this series.
(S)
A second area to be examined was
that
of precognition,
or future
remote viewing
(FRV)
in which a viewer
is to describe
a slide that will
be shown to him at
a
later time, under conditions where the slide had
not
yet been chosen at
the time of
his description.
This situation
corresponds to certain operational trials,
in which we have been asked
to describe a remote geographical target as
it would appear at some
later
time.
We have found good evidence for the
successful outcome
of
such
trials,
and our goal here was
to attempt to obtain further information
potentially useful in learning how to increase the accuracy and reliability
of
such functioning.
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A.
Remote Viewing
(RV) of 35-mm Slides
(U)
(U)
The purpose of this series of trials,
in addition to determining
whether the slide or actual site
is accessed, was
to determine whether a
remote viewer could describe the
contents
of a 35-mm slide
of
a target
site with the same accuracy that he describes an actual target
site.
A
slide trial constitutes
a finer-resolution task and involves
a more
ephemeral target,
as
compared to an actual target site, and therefore
some differences might be expected.
(U)
The protocol was
as
follows.
The viewer was
located alone in
the third floor
laboratory of the Radio Physics Laboratory Building,
and
asked to describe
the contents
of slides projected on the wall
of an
office trailer in a parking
lot 300 ft away.
The target
slides
for these
trials were photographs
of the
60 San Francisco Bay Area sites used in
the remote viewing trials
of Phase One.
The use
of this particular
target pool allows us to compare the quality of the descriptions that are
elicited in trials using the slides, with the quality of descriptions
involving the actual targets
.
(U)
A trial series
consists
of six slides, and the viewer
is given
feedback after each individual trial,
before the start
of the next.
(This
is
done to avoid displacement, known to occur in parapsycho logical
experiments where trial-by-trial feedback
is
not provided, in which a
viewer might tend to describe a target slide from elsewhere in the series,
rather than the one specific to the trial of interest,
i.e.,
just projected.)
(U)
The viewer
is monitored via a one-way open intercom connected
to the room in the trailer in which the slide
is being shown to the series
*
monitor.
The session is
tape recorded at the
latter end of the
link.
*
(U)
A second intercom to the subject
can be activated by the monitor
by a push-to-talk switch in the trailer.
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(U)
To begin,
after the viewer announces
that
he
is
ready,
the monitor selects
a slide by random number generator.
No feedback
is provided to the viewer
until the viewer has
indicated that he
is
finished and the monitor has
gone to the room in which the viewer has been working and has
collected
his drawings.
A session typically lasts about fifteen minutes.
1.
Viewer No.
372 RV
(U)
(U)
The
first
series of
six trials was
carried out by Viewer
372 during his second two-week period at
SRI.
The six target
slides
were of the following targets:
(1)
Alta Mesa Cemetery
(2)
Ultra-modern Dome House
(3)
Pedestrian Overpass
(4)
Mount Alverno Conference Center
(5)
Redwood City Cross
(6)
Stanford Shopping Center Pavilion.
(U)
Our post hoc personal impression was
that three of the
six descriptions were good matches to the
target
slides,
as indicated by
our Accuracy Ratings
of
3,
4,
3,
4,
3, and
5,
respectively.
(U)
The results were also formally evaluated by a blind judge
using the concept analysis techniques being applied to the
local target
series
of Phase One.
As per standard procedure,
the transcript/drawing
response packages and target material
(slides) were turned over to the
judge,
each in a separate random order different from the order of target
usage.
Again,
the transcripts were edited only to the point of deleting
information that
could provide artifactual
cues
to the
judge,
such as
references to other targets
or temporal order.
(Only five of the target/
transcript pairs were submitted for
judging,
since the
judge had inadvertently
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(U)
been exposed to one
of
the results
[Target
4] presented at
a briefing
as
an example
of excellent slide viewing.)
(U)
The
judge was asked to blind rank order,
on a scale of
to
5j,
best
to worst match,
each of
the transcripts against
each of
the
targets,
generating a
5 X 5 matrix of
the
five target/transcript
pairings.
Three slides and transcripts were directly matched,
one was matched
secopd place,
and one was matched third place.
The direct-count-of-
permutations
analysis
of the matrix yielded
a result
significant
at
p = 2/120
= 0.017,
or odds
of
one
in sixty of obtaining such
a result
by
chance matchings.
(U)
Three
of
the drawings
and slide targets
for this viewer
are shown here
as
Figures
8 through
10.
We
conclude from these results
that viewers
can describe target
slides,
and from our analysis
of the
content
of
the transcripts
it appears
that they are describing the slides
as projected,
not
the overall target
location.
2.
Viewer No.
518 RV
(U)
(U)
A similar series of
six trials was
conducted with Viewer
518.
His
six
target
slides were:
(1)
Laundromat
interior
(2)
Varsity Theatre arcade
(3)
White Victorian house
(4)
Sylvania dome building
(5)
Glass
Slipper Motel
(6)
A locomotive
slide
in a playground.
The viewer made what we
consider to be three excellent
sets
of drawings
to
correspond with the Theatre,
the Victorian,
and the Motel targets.
These three
drawing/target pairs are shown here in Figures
11 through
13.
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ULTRA MODERN DOME HOUSE—TARGET, AND VIEWER 372 DRAWING
(U)
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MOUNT ALVERNO CONFERENCE CENTER, AND VIEWER 372 DRAWING
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STANFORD SHOPPING CENTER—TARGET, AND VIEWER 372 DRAWING
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VARSITY THEATRE ARCADE—TARGET, AND VIEWER
518 DRAWING
(U)
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VICTORIAN HOUSE—TARGET, AND VIEWER 518 DRAWING
(U)
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GLASS SLIPPER MOTEL-TARGET, AND VIEWER 518 DRAWING
(U)
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(U)
The correspondences
for the remaining three were
of
lesser quality,
although still
containing many correct elements.
(The Accuracy Ratings
for this
series were
2,
5,
5,
2,
5, and 2,
respectively,
for a total of
21.)
Note that neither slide series used an interviewer.
(U)
With regard to the formal blind judging,
in the rankings of
the six pictorial responses alone the
judge made an assignment
of ranks
(two
1st,
three 2nd,
one
5th place)
that was significant
at
p < 0.04.
However,
the overall rankings
combining verbal and pictorial responses together had
a numerical deviation from chance expectation which yielded only p = 0.075.
Although suggestive,
this
does not meet
the
criterion for statistical sig-
nificance.
In this
series, therefore,
pictorial information alone appears
superior
to pictorial plus verbal.
In other words,
the verbal information
appeared to degrade the overall product.
(U)
It appears from the data of these two series
that remote
viewers
can perceive the contents
of projected slides.
Furthermore,
they
appear to describe
the
slides themselves,
rather than the geographical
locations
corresponding
to the slides.
Finally,
taking into account
the
brevity of the transcripts on the part
of
the viewer and the greater ease
of analysis experienced by the
judge,
it appears that because
of the more
limited focus
of
content presented by a slide,
a viewer and a
judge have
an easier time assessing data associated with the target
in the slide
case
as
compared with an outdoor target.
Thus,
in future screening/training
studies the use
of
slides appears to be an efficient alternative
to the use
of physical locations
as
targets.
.
Comparison of Blind Judging and
Accuracy Ratings for 35-mm Slides
(U)
(U)
After the completion of these two series
, we undertook
to make a further determination of the correlations
between the Accuracy
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(U)
Ratings
and the results obtained from blind
judging.
The two series
received Accuracy Ratings
of
22 and 21, respectively, and blind judging
statistical significance measures
of
0.04 and 0,08.
Then,
as
a control,
two researchers assigned new Accuracy Ratings
for each of the twelve
transcripts,
this
time rating transcripts
in each series against
the
same
numbered target
from the other series.
In effect,
this
is
a measure
of
the Accuracy Rating
that
a
transcript will receive when matched against
a rapdom target.
A mean score of
13 was obtained for transcripts from
Viewer
No.
372 when matched against targets
of Viewer
518.
The mean
score for the
cross -matching of transcripts
from Viewer 518 against
targets from Viewer 372 was
9.
The mean of these
two scores
is
(9
+
13)/2
=
11,
v/hich is roughly half
the average accuracy scores
from the series when matched against the appropriate corresponding
tran$cript/target
pairs,
(U)
This result
is
in good agreement with a similar analysis
carried out
two years
ago in connection with
a coast-to-coast remote
viewing series.
One viewer who took part
in the series was
to describe
the location of
a traveler
in New York City on two different
days.
The
transcripts and drawings were considered good matches
for each day's
targbt
,
although they contained incorrect
as well
as
correct statements.
In this early study,
each transcript
contained about twenty identifiable
concepts.
Each statement was given a numerical rating on
a scale
from
0 to
10.
When the concepts were matched to the correct
day's
target,
the mean score was
66%, whereas when they were matched against
the
other,
noncorresponding day's
target,
the mean score was
33%,
This
previous
analysis
thus also yielded a two-to-one correspondence factor between
remote viewing transcripts
for corresponding and noncorresponding targets.
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B .
Future Remote Viewing
(FRV)
(U
)
(S)
In the
course
of our remote viewing experiments we have occa-
sionally been directed by clients
to have subjects describe a target
location or event as
it would appear at
some future time.
We have also
asked viewers
to describe target
locations that would not be chosen until
after the end of their description.
Our assessment and that of the
cognizant
clients
is
that the quality of these
(admittedly few)
future
remote viewings
is approximately comparable to that
the the remote viewings
carried out with real-time targets.
It appears
that
if the FRV process
can be developed further
it would offer a new and stunning array of
operational possibilities.
(U)
In addition to our own experience with FRV in the laboratory,
the principal remote viewing replications
in the academic community,
which have been carried out at Mundelein College in Chicago by Bisaha
and Dunne, have all been of the FRV type, with the target selection
following the viewer description, often by several hours.
These were
successful even when the viewers were in Chicago,
and the outbound experi-
*
menter was
in the
Soviet
Union.
(U)
We recognize that there
is no current physical explanation for
future remote viewing, although theories have been put
forward by physicists
Feinberg and
de Beauregard,
among others.
However,
even in the absence
of a good understanding,
these phenomena appear to occur with some relia-
bility, and therefore
lend themselves
to utilitarian purpose.
(U)
In the past
year,
future remote viewing scans
have been carried
out using as targets both 35-mm slides and
local Bay Area locations being
(U)
J.
Bisaha and
B.
Dunne,
"Mind
at Large,"
Institute
of Electrical
and Electronic Engineers Symposia on the Nature
of Extrasensory Per-
ception,
C.
T.
Tart,
H.
E.
Puthof f
,
and
R.
Targ
,
Eds.
(Praeger
,
New
York,
N.Y.,
1979).
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(U)
visited by a target experimenter.
In this section we present
the results
of this FRV study.
1.
Viewer No.
468,
RV and FRV of 35-mm Slides
(U)
(U)
As
a first step in assessing the reliability of future
remote viewing we
carried out
a series
of eight
slide
trials with Viewer
468, who had produced several excellent responses
in his phase-one series
of real-time
local Bay Area target remote viewings.
Six of
the
eight
trials
were FRV trials,
two were real-time.
(U)
In the six FRV trials
the viewer was asked to describe the
contents
of 35-mm slides,
before each slide was randomly chosen for display.
Immediately after his description of
the
slide,
a random number generator
was activated in the monitors'
room in a separate building
(trailer) to
give a number between
1 and
60.
The corresponding 35-mm slide was then
projected in the monitors'
room.
After the monitors recorded the name and
numbpr of the
chosen slide, they went
to the viewer's
location and escorted
him
[to the monitors'
location for feedback.
The FRV series was blind
judged and also judged on the basis
of Accuracy Ratings by two analysts.
All three ratings agreed that
the data were suggestive,
but
not
statisti-
calljy significant
.
The blind judging found that the FRV series departed
from chance expectation at
the
p = 0.1 level, with two first place matches,
one second,
one third,
one fifth,
and one sixth.
(A value
of
p = 0.05
is
required for formal statistical significance.)
The Accuracy Ratings
by
the
ifcwo analysts totaled
18 and 20 respectively, with four of the six
triajLs rated by both analysts
as
3 or higher, which
is
to say
(from
Table
2):
"a mixture of
correct and incorrect elements,
but enough
of
the former to indicate that
the viewer has made contact with the target."
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(U)
A summary of the six FRV target
slides and the viewer's
responses
is given in the following.
The remote viewer's
drawings are
shown for the two first-place matches
to indicate the quality required
for successful blind matching.
(1)
(u)
Windmill
.
The target
is
a
large white windmill
with four blades
, mounted on top of
a red A-frame
tower.
The viewer described an inverted V-shaped
structure, associated with
a circular object divided
into quarters.
He also had a sense of
circular
motion.
His drawing
is shown in Section IV-C
[Figure 3(b)].
This was rated first place
in blind
judging;
Accuracy Ratings by the two analysts were
4 and
.
(2)
(U)
Stanford Shopping Center
.
The target
is
the
central mall
of
the Stanford Shopping Center.
One
view of
this
target
location from an earlier series
is
given in Figure
10.
However,
the target
slide for
the present viewer was taken from a different
direction.
This viewer described and drew the
repeated curved forms overhead and described it
as
"like a shopping plaza."
(See Figure
14.)
The
blind judge awarded this description a first
place match.
Accuracy Ratings were
5 by both
analysts
.
(3)
(U)
Alta Mesa Cemetery .
The target
slide features
a
large gravestone standing
in the foreground,
and
several others visible in the middle distance.
The
viewer described a "dark vertical mass
...
jagged,
like
a rock pile."
This reminded him of a small
mountain at Disneyland, appeared to
lead to further
erroneous analysis.
Based on the drawings
of
a
jagged rocky shape,
the blind judge rated this
response a second place match to the target slide,
while Accuracy Ratings were
3 and
2.
(4)
(U)
Merry-Go-Round
.
The Rinconada Park merry-go-
round as an outdoor target has been described
excellently by two viewers
in past
years.
This
viewer correctly identified the park-like atmosphere
(correct),
but placed much emphasis on the target
being at
a crossroads
(incorrect).
Finally,
he
said that a cylinder had emerged at the
crossroads
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(U)
in the
park,
and he then made a formal drawing with
a three-dimensional cylinder,
shown rotating as
the
central object.
The
judge rated this
a third place
match.
Accuracy Ratings were
3 and
4.
(5)
(U)
Padre Statue .
This target
is
a very large plaster
statue
of
a kneeling monk on a hill top,
pointing into
the distance.
The viewer had a description of
a park
with
a duck
as
the
focus.
The blind judge rated this
fifth place for
correspondence.
Accuracy Ratings
were
3 by both analysts.
(6)
(U)
Bridge
in Burgess
Park
.
This
target
is
a wooden
footbridge over a stream in a nearby park.
The
viewer's
first impressions
correctly portrayed a
wooden framework pierced by metal,
but
he followed
this first view with several pages
of incorrect
pictures, resulting
in a sixth place match,
and
Accuracy Ratings
of
2 and
1.
(U)
Although this viewer's FRV data did not reach statistical
significance
in the blind judging, we find enough correspondences
in the
Accuracy Ratings
to suggest that the viewer did make contact with the
target material on some of the trials.
In comparing the results
of blind
judging with those of
the Accuracy Rating system, we note that statistical
significance in the blind judging
is
a compound measure which includes
consistency and reliability,
as well
as remote viewing per
se.
For
example,
in the following series,
Viewer 292 provides two trials
that
were each given an Accuracy Rating = 5,
but
his
overall blind judging
results were nonsignificant and
less than the present
series,
because
of
a lack of trial-to-trial consistency.
(U)
The
two real-time slide targets,
a redwood grove and an
underpass, were inserted in the FRV series
(for comparison purposes)
after the fourth FRV slide.
They received Accuracy Ratings
of
3 and
respectively,
and were thus
of similar quality as
those in the FRV series.
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2.
Viewer
No.
292 RV and FRV of 35-mm Slides
(U)
(U)
We carried out twelve randomly intermixed future RV and
realr-time RV trials with this viewer.
The targets were 35-mm slides
displayed in another building as
above.
In this effort, we tried to deal
with the
fact
that a viewer might
feel anxious about FRV experiments in
general.
The previous viewer,
in spite of his encouraging results,
daily
expressed concern about
the impossibility in principle
of
the task.
Therefore,
in this series we had equal numbers
of real-time and FRV trials
randomly intermixed,
so that
the viewer would not know,
at
the time
of
the trial, which type
of trial
it
was.
The protocol from the viewer's
point of view was exactly the same in both cases,
in that
he
could not
distinguish between the two conditions on the basis
of the protocols.
He would give
a description of
a target
slide,
and a few minutes
later
woultjl be taken to see the slide.
From the monitor's point of view the
two situations differed in that during the FRV trials there was
no slide
to lpok at, since
it would not
be chosen until after the conclusion of
the viewer's
description.
In the real-time trials,
the slide was viewed
by
tl>e monitors
for the entire duration of the viewing/description period,
(U)
The two groups of trials were rated for accuracy,
inde-
pendently by two analysts.
The six real-time trials received summed
Accuracy Ratings
of
19 and
16 by the two analysts, while the FRV series
was rated
16 and
15.
Both series are therefore rated somewhat on the
low
side overall, with results
of individual trials
ranging from no evidence
of contact with the target
site
to excellent.
(U)
As
in his initial Local Bay Area remote viewing series
in
Phase! One, however,
this viewer again turned in some of the highest rated
and
rrjost accurate individual responses of any viewer in the Phase Two
portion of the program.
We discuss
two of
these which occurred in the
FRV series
.
Both were very accurate descriptions
of
quite unusual targets
,
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(U)
receiving Accuracy Ratings
of
5 by both analysts.
(The other four responses
in the FRV series received Accuracy Ratings
of two or less.)
(U)
In the first,
the
target was the slide of
a showroom of
a
local Chevrolet automobile dealer.
The viewer rendered a drawing
(shown
in
Figure
15)
and described the following scene before the selection of
the target
slide.
"To the right
of
center there
is something
that reminds
me
of
a tall minaret
shape.
Greater height than width.
Somewhere there
is
a conical shape"
...
"1-2-3-4-5,
I
don't know what
it
means,
but
I get
two quick glimpses
of
a five pointed star.
I don't know where
to put
it.
The star reminds
me of
a sheriff's badge."
In Figure
15 we
see that
a
star
is
part
of
the showroom window display.
(U)
The photographs
for this
series were taken several weeks
before the start
of this
program.
On visiting the target
site, we were
interested to note that
the star was no
longer part
of the showroom decor,
and had been removed before this
trial.
So in this
case we have striking
evidence that
the viewer obtains
his information from the target
slide,
rather than from the
location.
(U)
The second good result in the FRV series
is the viewer's
response
to a schoolhouse target at
a miniature golf
course.
The viewer’s
first words were
"I have an instant awareness
of what appears to be a
conventional roof
line,
pointing into the scene from the
left.
It appears
to have an overhang,
but
the confusing thing about
it was
that
it appeared
white and thick
like
it had
9 or
10 inches
of
snow on it."
As
shown in
the photo in Figure
16,
the overhang was white and thick.
Later in the
session he described a "blue canal with masonry walls,
curving out
of
the
picture."
The
color slide target shows
a blue putting green leading up
to the front
of the
little target building.
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(U)
We consider these two trials
among
the better examples
of
laboratory evidence for paranormal perception in this program,
and
it
is
interesting to note
that they occurred in an FRY series.
3.
Viewer No.
155,
RV and FRY of
3 5 -mm Slides
(U)
(U)
The protocol
for
this
series
of
trials was
the
same as
for
the previous viewer.
We carried
out twelve trials,
six trials
each,
of
intermixed future and real-time remote viewing
of 35-mm slides.
This
viewpr's results received totaled Accuracy Ratings
of
for the FRV trials,
and
for the real-time remote viewing trials
.
(U)
The
first
three of the FRV trials
yielded evidence of
contact with the target,
and were given Accuracy Ratings
of
4,
5,
and
4;
the
last three were given Accuracy Ratings
of
,
2,
and
0.
(U)
The
first successful
target was
a pedestrian underpass
,
under
a Southern Pacific Railroad station.
The target
slide
shows
a
long,
dark tunnel
of square
cross section, with a bright
light
at
the
far end.
Hie viewer
drew
a receding perspective,
and said
(among other
things),
r,
I almost
felt
like
I was
in
a
long hallway looking
at
a bunch
of
lockers along
the hall."
"Almost
like
you would see
in school,
lined
with lockers."
Earlier,
Viewer
468 had this target
as
one of two real-
time
control slides
in the middle of his six FRV trials.
He also described
and
^Irew the receding perspective,
and announced rather
critically in the
session that,
"this
is
the most underexposed slide
I
have ever seen"
(correct),
although at the time
he was
seeing
it
only remotely.
(U)
A second successful FRV target
for Viewer
155 was
a
Methpdist Church.
The viewer correctly identified the
target
as
a
church,
drew
its
courtyard
in some detail,
and also made
a drawing
of
the
facade
of
the
church with many correct elements.
This response was
given an
Accuracy Rating
of
5.
In the third successful FRV trial,
Rinconada swimming
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(u)
pool,
the viewer described
a body of water enclosed in a rectangular frame,
which he drew very accurately.
He also described accurately the reflections
seen in the water.
This was
the only water target
in the
series,
and also
the only session in which he mentioned water.
This
target received an
Accuracy Rating
of
4.
The balance of
the trials
in the series
yielded
data containing some
correct elements,
but
not sufficient
to suggest
results beyond chance expectation.
4,
Viewer
No,
155,
FRY of Local Target
Sites
(U)
(U)
An additional
series
of FRV trials was
carried out with
Viewer
No.
155 in an effort
to determine whether any differences would be
found between trials with target slides,
and trials
involving actual
Local Bay Area target
locations
.
(U)
Six trials were conducted at
a rate
of two per day for three
days,
one each morning and afternoon.
The viewer was asked
to describe
his
mental pictures and feelings with respect
to the target
location that
would be randomly selected at the conclusion of
that
trial.
That
is,
the
viewer would be asked to describe the site
as
he would see
it
one hour
later when he would be there with the interviewer.
Immediately after
each trial,
the viewer and the interviewer would
leave the
laboratory,
access
the target pool by random number generator,
and then proceed
to
the chosen target
site.
A number of interesting factors
surfaced during
these trials,
making this
series
of greater interest than might be indicated
by the overall Accuracy Rating of
19 assigned in the
combined ratings,
(U)
In Trial
No.
1 in this
series,
the viewer began his narrative
description with the words,
M
I am getting squares within squares within
squares.”
He then made the drawing shown in Figure
5(b).
As
indicated
in an earlier discussion
(Section
IV-C),
these words describing the
target
were the
same
as
those used six years earlier by another subject describing
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(U)
a target.
Since
in the present
case the target was
not
yet
chosen,
it
was with much anticipation that
interviewer and remote viewer
left
the
session room at
the end of
the session, went
to the project office, and
randomly generated by RNG a target number
to determine which of the sixty
target
locations would actually be visited.
The number was generated
and jthe target envelope
drawn.
It was
found to
be
the pedestrian overpass
,
just
as
in the
1973
trial which elicited the
same description.
(At
the
time
of the random generation of
the target
number,
the
interviewer did not
know the number of
the pedestrian overpass
target.)
The Accuracy Rating
assigned to the viewer's response was
4.
(In addition to his
correct
impressions,
erroneous
analysis and interpretation
of
his
data come into
play;.)
(U)
Trial
2 was
a
Hyatt
House Hotel.
The viewer drew and
described a receding double column of rectangular objects
of differing
heights, going off
into
the distance.
He also drew,
as
his
main percep-
tion of
the target
,
a perspective showing
a narrow sidewalk that
one
looks
across to
see
a narrow roadway,
and then another narrow walkway.
Behind
this
are divided buildings
or
a divided wall
(all
his
terminology).
When
we arrived at
the site we found
little correspondence
to
the viewer's
description
of
the place,
although there
is
a
long row of
statues
running
from the
street
to the hotel, which are suggestive
of his
first drawing.
(U)
Since we arrived
a few minutes early,
we went
into the
lobby of the hotel, although the
"target" was
the outside of
the building.
After we
looked around the lobby the monitor noted that
the agreed-upon
target
time was almost upon them, when the viewer was
to
be outside
at
the target.
Therefore, we
left
the hotel
lobby at
the exact
target
time,
and noticed that we were facing
a scene greatly resembling the drawing
generated during the session.
As we stood on the
steps
of the hotel
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(U)
looking out, we were standing on a narrow sidewalk,
looking across
a
narrow driveway,
to another narrow walkway to the
four wide supporting
columns
that hold up the large overhang
covering
the driveway and the
entry to the hotel.
The Accuracy Rating was
4.
(U)
Trial
3 was
a Menlo Park brickyard.
The viewer saw
"lots
of corners and angles
...
two and three dimensional shapes."
Then he
described a "wall with columns sticking
out
of
it," and later drew a
curvy road going off
to the right.
All these elements
can be found within
the rich material
of
the brickyard.
In particular,
if one stands
facing
the wall with the columns sticking
out
of
it,
there
is
in fact
a curvy
road on the right.
The Accuracy Rating was again
4.
(U)
Target
4 was
a
local
tennis
court.
The viewer's
descriptions
was primarily of
a windmill and a metal bell-shaped object, both of which
bear no obvious resemblance to elements
of the target
site.
He did,
however,
describe and draw
a
latticework arrangement that was suggestive
of
a tennis net, and he described the area as recreational or
a playground.
Accuracy Rating was
2.
(U)
Target
5 was
a
large bubble-shaped air-inflated building.
The description consisted mainly of arches and pillars
as
in
a colonnade,
overlaid with images
of
San Francisco, which are
not particularly apropos.
His
drawings
of receding curves and arches
reflect somewhat the main elements
of the target
site,
but altogether an Accuracy Rating of
2 characterizes
the result
as
not being beyond chance expectation.
(U)
The sixth and final target was
a
large
commercial salt
pile in Redwood City.
The target
is
a salt storage yard of Leslie
Salt
Company,
on the edge
of
San Francisco Bay.
The salt
pile
is
a hundred
feet
long and perhaps
fifty feet high,
and it
shines brilliantly in the
sun.
The viewer did not see
or
describe anything at all resembling the
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(U)
target.
Instead,
he described a wooden cylinder sticking
out
of the
water,
so that
its bottom could not
be seen.
He described and drew on
top of the
cylinder
a
conical metal
cap
or
cover.
He also said that
the
main item in the vicinity was
a redwood building with exposed timbers
and
a
lajrge,
peaked overhang.
(U)
The difficulty with
judging this
trial,
and,
in fact,
the
serijes
as
a whole,
derives from the following:
While standing
at
the
salt| pile for
the feedback portion of the trial,
the viewer
can look
a
hundred yards
or so across
the estuary that
separates
the salt refinery
from! the Redwood City Marina, and observe that
his description matches
the
latter perfectly.
For across
this narrow body of water was
a large
restaurant made
of dark redwood
just
as
described
in the transcript,
and
along the dockside was
a row of posts sticking up out
of the water,
each
with a blue conical sheet-metal
cap to serve as an anti-seagull device.
An accuracy rater at
the restaurant would certainly give the transcript
an Accuracy Rating
of
5 for its
correspondences,
but,
since
that
did not
happen to be
the intended target,
the transcript
receives an Accuracy
Rating
of
3,
(U)
Because
of the above difficulties
inherent
in FRV site
definition we did not
think
it worthwhile
to subject
this otherwise quite
interesting series
to blind
judging.
It
is our impression,
however,
that
this
series and the other FRV slide series
carried out
as
part
of
this program does
offer some evidence for
the existence
of FRV functioning,
with individual trials often at
an accuracy comparable to real-time remote
viewing
.
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C.
Extended Remote Viewing
(ERV), Viewer
No,
518
(U)
1.
Background
(U)
(U)
One of the program remote viewers
(No.
518)
stated that
over the past few years
he had on occasion experienced spontaneous
ex-
tended remote viewing
(ERV),
usually associated with rest or sleep
periods.
Subjectively,
these ERV experiences appeared to be
of unusual
intensity and
clarity;
however,
the situation and/or
content
of
these
experiences
did not
lend themselves
to independent
objective verification.
Therefore, Remote Viewer
518 requested that
some time be devoted to
in-
vestigating
the phenomenon, with the goal of determining whether the
con-
tent
of such ERV experiences was verifiable and,
further,
of superior
quality to that obtained in the ordinary RV protocol.
2.
Pilot Effort
(U)
(U)
An initial single-trial pilot effort
in ERV was carried
out during Remote Viewer 518' s first
day at
SRI.
In this
trial there
was
some evidence
that
information obtained
in the ERV state was veridical.
Therefore,
it was
decided that upon his return
a formal series
of trials
would be undertaken.
3.
Formal
Series
(Six Trials)
(U)
(U)
The
formal series
of trials
consisted of
six targeting
periods
of approximately three hours
each.
During each of these trials
the remote viewer was closeted
in a third-floor laboratory of the Radio
Physics Laboratory in the
SRI
complex and asked to render drawings and
(U)
ERV
(extended remote viewing)
is here defined as an exercise in re-
mote viewing for an extended period
of
time,
generally lasting for more
than an hour.
Furthermore,
an effort
is
made
to maximize
the subjective
sense of awareness
of the target site while minimizing the subjective
sense of awareness
of the remote viewer's physical surroundings.
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describe into a tape recorder his
impressions
of
a target
object.
Each
session was terminated either
by the monitor who indicated that
the
(approximate)
three-hour period was up,
or by the remote viewer himself
at
a somewhat earlier time.
The remote viewer was
then taken to
the
target
location for feedback,
(S)
For the first four trials
the targets were
chosen by the
SSO of an SRI
SI/TK facility on the first
floor
of
the Radio Physics
Laboratory,
and placed on display on
a conference room table
in that
facility.
(The
SSO
is
not otherwise associated with the
SRI psycho-
energetics program.)
As
part
of the
first
trial
the remote viewer was
asked to describe
the
facility as well as
the target
object;
for the
remaining three trials
he was asked to describe the target object
only.
(U)
Before the fifth trial,
it was
decided by the remote viewer
and monitor that
the target
location for the remaining two trials should
be
cjhanged
so
as
to avoid analytical overlay problems associated with
target-site familiarity.
The site chosen by the monitor was
the roof
of
the Radio Physics Laboratory building,
directly above the ceiling of
the
room in which the remote viewer was
located.
(U)
Trial
.
The target object
for Trial
1 was
a copper ewer
(pitcher) placed on
a dark brown wood-grained table
(see Figure
17).
The remote viewer sketched an object
that evolved into a table-lamp base,
finally topped by a lampshade.
(S)
The description of the facility rendered by the remote
viewer had many matching elements,
although
it appears that the remote
viewer combined the two primary rooms
into
one;
because
of this,
however,
the description is ambiguous and cannot
be taken as
evidential.
(U)
Trial
.
The target object
for Trial
2 was
a metal food
mill with red handle shown in Figure
18.
In response the remote viewer
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(U)
sketched a silver-grey object with a handle on it that
looked first
like
a fireplace scoop
(most
correct),
and then evolved into
a bellows.
(U)
Trial
.
The target for Trial
3 was
a straw hat with
curled up brim and dimpled top
(Figure
19).
The remote viewer’s response
is
shown in the same
figure.
(U)
Trial
4.
Target
4 was
a photographic tripod
(Figure
20).
The remote viewer’s response,
shown
in the same figure,
consisted essen-
tially of
a silver teapot-like object
sitting on
a tripod.
(S)
Trial
.
Following the
first
four trials,
the monitor and
remote viewer agreed that
the target
location for the remaining two trials
should be elsewhere than the now-familiar SI/TK facility.
Several altern-
ative
locations were
discussed, with the final decision to be made by the
monitor.
The monitor
chose the roof
of the Radio Physics
Laboratory and
intended to place
a target
there.
Due
to an error in timing,
the remote
viewer began the fifth session without having met with the monitor to
learn which of the discussed alternative
locations was
to
be used.
In
the absence
of this
communication there was
no overtly agreed-upon target
location and no special target was
set up.
Nonetheless, we observe post
hoc that
the remote viewer described an outside,
brightly
lit gravel-based
area,
and provided
a response that resembled the intended roof target
area
(see Figure 21).
Because
of
the ambiguity of target
location and
absence
of
a specific intended target,
however,
this
trial
is
set aside
and not
included in the package of results
to
be blind
judged.
(U)
Trial
6.
The target chosen for the final
trial was
a world
globe
(Figure
22).
In response the remote viewer drew a sphere mounted
on a stand,
but
did not
cognize
the map aspect.
He also shows
the roof
line,
but
this
cannot
be taken as evidential
since
it was known that the
target was
to be on the roof
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FIGURE
STRAW
HAT
TARGET,
AND
VIEWER
No.
518
ERV
RESPONSE
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FIGURE
ANTENNA,
AND
VIEWER
No.
518
ERV
RESPONSE
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UNCLASSIFIED
4.
Discussion
(U)
(U)
For an assessment
as
to the quality of remote viewing
obtained in the ERV series,
the results were submitted to two analysts
for blind
judging.
The
judging packet submitted to the analysts
con-
sisted of
the remote viewer drawings,
and target photographs,
each in
theijr own random order different from the order of target usage.
The
analysts were instructed to blind rank order,
on a scale of
to
(best
to worst match),
each of the
five drawing packets
against each of the
five target photographs.
(Target number
5 was
omitted as
described
above
.
)
(U)
One analyst obtained three direct
matches,
one second-
place match,
and
one fourth-place match;
the other obtained one direct
match,
three second-place matches and one fourth-place match.
The
dif-
ference between the two was
a pair
of responses
that were essentially
indistinguishable with regard to
a particular pair
of targets
(food mill
and hat).
The matrices were analyzed using the direct-count-of-permutations
method discussed earlier.
The results
of one of the two judges reached
statistical significance
at
the
p
= 0,05
level.
(U)
With regard to a comparison between ERV and the ordinary
RV process
,
the
data obtained are roughly of
the
same quality as
those
of
ordinary RV*
There was therefore
no apparent advantage in committing
the jgreater time period required for
the ERV process.
By report
of
the
RVerj,
however,
the subjectively more intense ERV state was never fully
achieved in this
series
,
and therefore
no definitive comparison between
RV and ERV is possible at this
point.
*
(U)
See,
e.g.,
the technology series
in
H.
Puthoff and
R.
Targ
,
"A Per-
ceptual Channel for
Information Transfer Over Kilometer Distances/'
Proc.
IEEE 64,
pp. 329-354
(March 1976).
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D.
Remote Viewing
of Alphabet Letters
(U)
(U)
The purpose
of this
study was
to determine whether an isolated
remote viewer could learn to discriminate between and identify alphabet
letters.
The participant,
Viewer 372, was
located
in a third-floor
laboratory of the Radio Physics
Building at
SRI, while the monitor and
the target materials were
in an office trailer in a nearby parking
lot
(as
in the slide series).
(U)
The protocol
in all twelve trials
in this
series was for the
viewer
to identify
a randomly chosen three-letter word exposed to view
in the target
room.
The targets used in this
series were red block
letters eight inches high,
cemented to white
cardboard.
The
three
letters
making up each word were placed on the chalk tray of
the target room
blackboard.
(U)
Twelve trials were carried out.
A satisfactory protocol was
not
developed until the third trial,
so the first two must be considered
exploratory.
In Trial
1,
the target word was randomly chosen from a group
of
ten previously prepared words placed in opaque envelopes.
In all
other trials
the target word was chosen by random entry into
a 1700-page
college dictionary
(selecting the first three-letter word on the page)
using a Texas
Instruments
SR-51 random number generator.
In Trials
and
2,
the viewer was given feedback after each
letter.
In both
of these
trials
he failed to name
the first
letter,
but after being told the first
letter G for GUN and V for VAT,
he was able to confidently and correctly
name the following two letters
in quick succession.
In Trials
3 through
12,
feedback was given only after all three
letters were named,
to
counteract analysis
strategies
on the part
of
the viewer.
(U)
The
letters were displayed one at
a time,
and the viewer would
give his
impressions
of each in turn.
After each description,
that letter
would be removed,
and the viewer would be informed that
the
next
letter
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(U)
was
in place.
Except
for Trial
5,
the letters were always presented in
their order of occurrence
in the word.
(In Trial
it had been decided
in advance
to display the
letters
in random order,
to discourage end-
letter guessing.
This turned out
to
be unsatisfactory,
however,
apparently producing confusion for the viewer, who named all three
letters
correctly,
but had them in the wrong
order.
He then could not
think of
a word,
and changed two
of
the
letters.)
(U)
Of the nine 3-letter words presented in a consistent manner
(3,
4,
6-12),
the viewer was
correct
in
6 of
his
letter assignments
(i.e.,
of
the 27 letters presented,
6 were
identified),
a significant
departure from chance expectation.
This
pilot result was therefore
encouraging
E.
Coordinate Remote Viewing
(CRV) with
Immediate Feedback
(U)
s
(U)
Of special interest
for operational applications
is
a particular
form of RV known as
coordinate remote viewing
(CRV).
CRV is
a procedure
whereby the RVer accesses
the target
location on the basis
of an abstract
locator such as geographical
coordinates.
As
inexplicable
as
such a
phenomenon might seem, we appeal simply to pragmatism,
in that
it appears
to work,
(U)
It
has
been shown that good results
can be obtained even with
*
the use of special arbitrarily-constructed coordinate systems;
the CRV
phenomenon thus appears
to provide
yet another example
of
"goal orienta-
tion
'
in psychoenergetic phenomena,
rather than being particularly
related to coordinate systems per
se.
(U)
R.
Targ,
H.
Puthoff
,
B.
Humphrey, and
C.
Tart,
"investigations
of
Target Acquisition," Research in Parapsychology 1979
,
Scarecrow Press,
Mel^uchen,
N.J.
(in press).
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(S)
An orientation program for CRV has been designed at
SRI, and
is being applied with success with RVers inexperienced in CRV.
The
details are as follows.
(U)
A target pool
of more than 100 geographical sites
from around
the globe has been prepared and
is being continually expanded.
The loca-
tions are chosen to embody some particular well-defined characteristic
(e.g.,
mountains,
oceans,
deserts,
lakes,
cities,
islands,
rivers).
The
coordinates of these
locations,
obtained from standard reference atlases,
are each written on one side of a 3-by-5-inch file
card,
on the other side
of which is
a descriptor
(e.g.,
Mt
.
Hekla volcano,
Iceland),
along with
an atlas reference.
The cards are then placed in envelopes,
coordinates
facing the back, and randomized.
(U)
The CRV orientation procedure
is
as follows:
(1)
(S)
RVer and facilitator seat themselves
at opposite ends
of
a table in a special environment,^ the former with a
supply of paper and a pen,
the
latter with target envelopes
(contents unknown) and the reference atlases.
(2)
(S)
The CRVer is
instructed that the facilitator will
begin the CRV process
by selecting an envelope and
reading aloud the
target coordinates.
The CRVer
is
to note down on paper any immediate impressions
(which
he may also express
aloud) and then,
rather than
embellishing on his
first impressions,
to ask for
the
coordinates
to be read aloud again so that
the
original process may be repeated,
etc., until
a
coherent
picture
of the site emerges.
(U)
The Times Atlas
of
the World
, Hougton Mifflin Co.,
Boston,
1971.
People's Republic of China Atlas,
U.S.
Government Printing Office.
1971.
t
(U)
The RV environment has been optimized during testing on another
program to be quiet,
dimly
lit,
and to provide
a relatively homogeneous
monochrome visual
field,
free
of strong features and peripheral
clutter.
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(3)
(S)
Following these
instructions,
the facilitator
selects an envelope at random,
opens
it from the
rear
so
as
to be exposed to the
coordinates
only,
and then begins
the process
described above.
(4)
(S)
After one or more repetitions
of
the
coordinates
(each followed by
a CRV response)
leads
to a
recognizable target
characteristic,
the
card
is
turned over by the
facilitator,
and the atlas
consulted
(if necessary)
in order
to give feedback.
A line
is drawn on the CRVer 's
data sheet
to separate
the
data thus generated from further data,
since up to
this
point
the
data were generated in
a double-blind
protocol and can be objectively evaluated
later
as
a test
of target acquisition,
(5)
(S)
Having terminated the target acquisition "test"
phase
,
feedback
can now be given and/or further data
solicited.
The feedback given at
this point
is
non-
negative,
ranging from "that's
the target," through
"near the target," to "you are
at another target"
(giving the CRVer the benefit
of
the
doubt).
The
facilitator then has
the option of terminating
the
viewing, asking
for more detail
("there's something
ten miles north that
should be visible")
or restarting
the process when the viewer’s original description
did not
correspond to the
target
site.
In the
latter
case
the facilitator
can,
of
course,
guide
or
cue the
CRVer into a correct
response;
(a)
this
is acceptable
in the nontest
part
of
the sequence,
(b)
this
can be
checked
for by asking
for detail
in the surrounding
region,
and
(c)
this
provides an opportunity to
investigate whether such cueing procedures
can be
useful
in operationally oriented applications
(e.g.,
guiding
the CRVer onto the target site with
cues
"a,"
"b,"
...
"f," and then asking for
"g" )
(S)
RVer 518 was
exposed to this
protocol,
a few targets
per
session,
over
a several-day period, resulting in a data pool
of 26 CRV target
viewings.
They were:
Salt
Lake Desert
,
Utah;
Lake Erie;
Chicago;
Mono Lake;
Aruba
Island;
Lake Okeechobee;
Yount’s
Peak, Wyoming;
Pitcairn
Island;
Pike's
Peak;
Los Angeles;
Atlantic Ocean;
Rio de
Janeiro;
Kansas
plains,
St,
Peter and Paul
Islands;
Randall Dam,
South Dakota;
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Lake Titicaca;
Cape May;
Niagara Falls;
Munich;
Amazon River;
Midwestern
plains;
Venezuelan Peninsula;
Sierra Blanca Mountain;
Oregon Desert;
Panama Canal;
Puerto Rico.
(S)
Following the first pilot session of
five,
in which essentially
immediate feedback was
given,
the remaining twenty-one were carried out
with delayed feedback and thus provided material that could be assessed
objectively.
Categorizing the targets
into five groups
(mountains,
flats, water,
cities,
i s lands /peninsu las )
,
the target/response matrix
is
as shown in Table
4.
The probability of such an alignment occurring
-
by chance alone can be calculated by the direct-count-of-permutations
method discussed earlier, and leads
to p = 0.0083.
The distribution of
responses
is therefore statistically significant.
Furthermore,
beyond
simple statistics
,
certain individual responses were exceptionally
accurate during the acquisition "test" phase.
In the final trial
in this
series, for example, when the target
coordinates were for Guayama in
Puerto Rico,
the viewer described
a "fishing village on the southeast
coast
of
a boat-shaped island," which
is an entirely correct description
of the
locale
at the target
coordinates.
He then drew an island, resembling
I
Puerto Rico in both shape and orientation.
A few orientation sessions
were carried out with Viewers
155 and 292,
with similar results.
(U)
The above procedure
is
the first stage of a multi-stage training
procedure developed on another program.
The methodology centers around
use of
a specially-designed acoustic-tiled featureless room with homogeneous
coloring to minimize environmental overlay;
adoption of
a uniform,
limited
monitor behavior role
to minimize monitor overlay;
and the use
of
a strictly
specified CRV procedure involving repeated coordinate presentation and
quick-reaction response—a procedure designed to minimize "imaginative"
overlays.
The effectiveness
of
this procedure
is
in the process
of being
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Table
(S)
DISTRIBUTION OF CRV TARGET/RESPONSE MATCHINGS
(U)
Transcripts
Targets
Mountains
Flats
Water
Cities
Islands/
Peni nsulas
Mountains
Flats
Water
Cities
Is lands /Peninsulas
(U)
conflirmed with a number of remote viewers
in another program, and the
results
to date indicate that a significant step forward in accuracy
and reliability has
been made.
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TfTvlvin
VI
CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
(U)
(S)
In this report we have presented the results and assessments
of
a one-year program for the optimization of remote viewing with client-
selected individuals.
To meet
the objectives
of
the program we have
familiarized these individuals with the
SRI RV protocol;
pursued
the
development
of enhanced
levels
of RV ability through exposure
to
several
different orientation/training strategies,
and established screening
tests and procedures
for enlarging
the population from which such in-
dividuals
are selected.
(S)
Our principal observation in working with the
six client
volunteers
is
that we have found
considerable
evidence for remote viewing
functioning among them.
In the basic local-site RV-familiarization task
(Phase-One study),
four
of the six participants produces results
that
*
were individually statistically significant
(p < 0.05),
rendering the
-5
series
strongly significant
as
a whole
(p
=
4 X 10
,
or odds
of
one
in
25,000).
(An entire summary of program data
is
shown in Table
5.)
(S)
A second observation from that study
is
that
in general,
there
is
more variability from trial
to trial for
a given viewer than there
is
between the viewers
themselves.
There are
no viewers
in the group who
have, not
shown some evidence for remote viewing,
even though some
of
their individual series
may not have reached the
p < 0.05
level
of
departure from chance expectation.
*
(U)
In fact,
each of these four series exceeded this requirement by
more than an order of magnitude,
reaching significance at
the
p
= 0.003
level or
better.
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(S)
With regard to screening:
(1)
The individuals
chosen to participate
in the program
were pre-screened by the client
from a population of
250 potential candidates, using broad personality
profile guidelines recommended by SRI, with final
selection determined on the basis
of interview by the
SRI project
leaders
(R.
T.
and H.
P.).
The
fact that
the overall study was
successful
lends support to the
effectiveness
of
this
initial screening-by-profile
procedure
(2)
The details
of
the results
of the program indicate that
a half dozen local-site RV trials may constitute
a
meaningful screening- by-performance procedure
to
separate the more reliable from the
less reliable
viewers.
In order for screening-by-performance
to be
successful,
it
is necessary that
the performance of
a viewer be relatively consistent.
We find that those
individuals who were
the most successful
in the Phase-
One trials, were also the most successful
in Phase-Two,
even though different remote viewing tasks were pursued.
Of
the four successful viewers in Phase-One,
two produced
significant results and one near-significant
(the fourth
was
not available
for
the Phase-Two study).
The two
viewers from Phase-One that were
least successful
there
(not reaching significance) again did not reach signifi-
cance
in Phase-Two.
Although the sample
is too small
to
be definitive,
it appears that the Phase-One
local-
site RV series itself offers evidence of
constituting
a
useful screening-by-performance procedure.
(S)
The data indicating that
a viewer
can describe an individual
slide as
it
is
shown on a screen shows
that targeting on high-resolution
transient
targets
(charts,
maps,
etc.)
is
not
out
of the question.
This,
coupled with our findings
that
a viewer may be able to describe and identify
alphabet
letters
is
a most encouraging development, and one deserving of
further work.
Extension of the RV process
to include high-resolution
material, especially with a reading ability, would constitute
a significant
breakthrough for operational applications.
101
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(S)
Certain of
the individual responses
in the FRV
(future remote
viewing)
series, both with slides and with
local sites
as targets,
appeared to give striking evidence
of contact with the target.
However,
the trial-to-trial reliability was
low and no series reached statistical
significance.
Therefore,
although individual results were encouraging
,
no definitive statement
can be made on the basis of this short study.
Given its
obvious applications potential,
should its existence
be capable
of unambiguous verification, we consider
it
a high-priority item for
further exploration.
(S)
In the extended remote viewing
(ERV)
trials
a viewer was
able
in each trial
of
the series
to identify significant elements
of an object
placed in various
locations,
including an SI/TK tank under conditions
of
tight security.
In these experiments
the remote viewer worked alone over
extended periods
of time
(up to three hours).
At a minimum,
the good
results indicate that the RV process
is not
so fragile that
it must be
carried out under rigidly-specified conditions,
since in this case an
alternative style was
in use and the results
continued to be reliable.
Further work would be required,
however,
before a definitive comparison
of
RV and ERV could be made
(S)
Finally,
the encouraging results
obtained in the CRV
(coordinate
remote viewing) trials indicates that
comparable accuracy and reliability
canl be expected from experienced viewers targeting either on the basis
of
a beacon person at the
target,
or on the basis
of geographical
latitude
and! longitude alone.
As
a by-product
of
the CRV study, which involved
the use of special procedures being developed in another program for
reliability enhancement,
the high-quality output provided additional
confirmation as
to the effectiveness
of certain new approaches
being
takfen with regard to monitor/viewer interaction and control of the RV
environment
I
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(S)
To take advantage of
the most recent developments
in remote
viewing,
and to achieve the
goal of continuing to develop remote viewing
into a reliable operational
tool, we strongly recommend further development
of
capabilities
in the following areas:
•
Applications
of Remote Viewing
.
A training procedure has
been developed that appeares
to greatly increase both the
accuracy and reliability of remote viewing by coordinates.
This technique should continue
to be examined,
and applied
to targets
of operational interest,
both with in-house and
client-supplied assets
.
•
Effects
of Feedback
.
An extensive examination should be made
of the necessity for providing feedback in remote viewing
trials.
A systematic variation in the presence or absence
of feedback should be used to determine
the
importance
of
this
factor.
•
Target Demarcation .
Coordinate remote viewing experiments
should be carried out
in which the target
is demarcated by
means
of various types
of
coordinates
(e.g., geographic,
military, and arbitrary).
This should be done in order
to
discover the part played by the target
coordinate
in
determining remote viewing accuracy.
•
Audio Analysis
.
In an effort
to separate
correct
from
incorrect
data available from taped subject descriptions
of remote viewing target
sites,
the use
of
speech and
audio analysis
techniques
should be investigated as
a tool
to provide selective editing.
This
should include semantic
analysis,
in which analysis
of written transcripts are
carried out
to look for variations
in grammar,
style,
or
vocabulary to help separate correct from incorrect statements
in the RV transcript.
•
Tracking
.
Further effort
should be pursued to perfect the
RV process whereby,
instead of demarcating a location to
obtain a target
description,
one provides
a target description
and asks for
location
(as
in locating
a downed aircraft
or
foreign official).
SRI has under development certain
strategies
involving FRV feedback,
computer averaging
of
multiple trials, and so forth, which appear from pilot
efforts
to hold promise.
•
Spatial Resolution .
A study should be carried out to
determine the extent
to which it
is possible
to aid
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(S)
viewers
in learning to read hidden and distant printed
material that
is blocked from ordinary perception.
•
Temporal Resolution .
An ERV effort should be pursued
to determine the accuracy of remote viewing as
a function
of time
for future targets
.
•
ELF Experiments
.
Since one
of the prevalent hypotheses
for paranormal perception requires
the use of an ELF
electromagnetic carrier, we suggest
carrying out
definitive experiments
to examine this hypothesis
(e.g.,
by using ELF generators
as beacons), and to
provide analyses
correlating data from our past
data
base with the daily record of geophysical parameters
known to affect ELF propagation.
•
Theoretical Studies
.
Modern physics
offers
several
mathematical descriptions
of reality that may also
prove to be testable descriptions
of paranormal
perception in general,
and remote viewing in particular.
We recommend work with leading physicists who have
agreed to consult for
SRI on these theoretical problems,
in an effort
to develop a physical understanding
of
the
phenomena
we observe in the laboratory and in the field,
and to apply this knowledge to improve remote viewing
functioning
.
•
Technical Meetings
.
SRI proposes
to host private quarterly
conferences
to bring together selected U.S.
scientists
and government representatives who are
concerned with the
technical issues in psychoenergetic research.
(S)
Successful pursuit
of the above priority items
could be expected
to result
in an increased reliability and breadth of utility of the RV
function for operational purposes.
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