‘ Approved For Release 2000/08/07 : CIA-RDP96-00788R001300140001-3 Results of the in both areas, SECRET study program to date, described below, indicate progress 2. Signal/Noise Characteristics ee eee haracteristics The anatomy of the CRV phenomenon has been under intense scrutiny at SRI in an effort spearheaded by remote viewer #002. These explorations have centered about two areas: (1) (2) With of mapping out Observing and understanding the characteristics of the noise, Observing and categorizing the characteristics of the signals, regard to the noise aspect of the CRV channel, the process its characteristics has consumed a large part of a two-year effort to isolate the factors involved, Four major categories of noise have been delineated in this process, They are: (1) (2) Analytical Overlay. As the remote viewer becomes aware of the first few data bits, there appears to be a largely sponteneous and undisciplined rational effort to extrapolate and "fill in the blanks," This is presumably driven by a need to resolve the ambiguity associated with the fragmentary nature of the emerging perception, The result is premature internal analysis and interpretation on the part of the remote viewer, Example: An impression of an island is immediately interpreted as Hawaii, To circumvent ‘this, a procedure for disciplined rejection of premature interpretations and conclusions is called for, Associational Overlay. In addition to provoking premature interpretation, the incoming data bits appear to stimlate pre-existing mental formations that are associationally related to the target material, Example: An impression of a round object triggers an image of a favorite childhood ball. The triggering of such associational overlays leads to imaginative images that divert or embellish the picture 6 SEC Approved For Release 2000/08/07 RE Pope6-00788R001300140001-3
+ Approved For Release 2000/08/0 (3) (4) : CIA-RDP96-00788R001300140001-3 SECRET being built up from the incoming data bits, To overcome the effects of this type of overlay, training to recognize and discriminate against associational images is required. Monitor Overlay. This is comprised of noise intruding into the remote viewer's awareness inadvertently as a result of undisciplined talk or actions on the part of the session monitor. Examples cover a broad spectrum, ranging from, e.g., stimulation of sailboat images by a casual pre-session discussion on sailing, to the subtle reinforcement (e.g., by body language) of certain responses that match the monitor's biases and preconceptions as to the nature of target; in short, any action on the part of the monitor that degrades the remote viewer's attentiveness to the task at hand. To bring this under control, a standardized monitor behavior must be introduced in which, for example, the monitor is restricted to the use of certain standard phrases during his monitoring of a CRV session, Environmental Overlay. This type of overlay has its source in the physical surroundings of the CRV session. Specifically, conditions of the session chamber (e.g., obtrusive shapes, sounds, visual highlights) are found to insinuate themselves into the CRV response. A mundane example: an after- image produced by a strong vertical line in the session chamber can lead to a predominant vertical line in the “target” image. More esoteric examples involve peripheral and subliminal perception of environmental features, since, as is known from the study of subliminal perception, information not processed at a conscious level can nonetheless infiltrate perceptual and thought processes, Environmental overlay can be minimized by judicious control of environmental factors, such as by providing a quiet, dimly lit, relatively homogeneous monochrome visual field absent of strong features and peripheral clutter. Although the latter overlays can be dealt with by controlling elements in the environment of the remote viewer, the analytical and 7 SECRET Approved For Release 2000/08/07 : CIA-RDP96-00788R001300140001-3
Approved For Release 2000/08/07 : CIA-RDP96-00788R001300140001-3 SECRET associational "fill-in-the-blanks" overlays stem directly from cognitive processes within the remote viewer. Our investigation of these overlay patterns leads to a model of RV functioning shown schematically in Figure 1, With the application of the "stimulus" (e.g., the reading of a coordinate) there appears to be a momentary burst of "signal" that enters into awareness for a few seconds, and then fades away, The overlays appear to be triggered at this point to fill in the void. Success in handling these complex processes apparently requires that a remote viewer learn to "grab'' incoming data bits while Simultaneously attempting to control the overlays. A strict and disciplined methodology to perform this delicate and difficult task, involving repeated coordinate presenta- tion and quick-reaction response, has been developed and is presently being confirmed with four remote viewers; #002 who was primarily responsible for developing the basic concept, and Nos, 009, 131, and 504 who are in the role of trainees with regard to this particular methodology. The procedure designed to minimize overlays coupled with use of a specifically designed acoustic-tiled featureless room with homogeneous coloring to minimize environmental overlay, and adoptijon of a uniform, limited monitor behavior role to minimize monitor overlay, constitute the basic methodology for noise reduction in our newly-developed approach to CRV, With regard to mapping the Signal characteristics of the CRV channel, a progressive multistage target acquisition process appears to be emerging. The stages outlined in Table 1 appear to track an increasing contact with the target site that takes place during the CRV process, An example of these stages of elaboration in a completely successful remote viewing would be the series: (1) Recognition and decoding of Land surrounded by water, major gestalts an island (2) Achieving sensory contact Humid sensation, tropical with target feeling SECRET Approved For Release 2000/08/07 : CIA-RDP96-00788R001300140001-3
Approved For Release 2000/08/07 : CIA-RDP96-00788R001300140001-3 UNCLASSIFIED (N) NOLLVALIS AYD OL ASNOdSSY Y3IMSIA SLOWSY 40 NOILVLN3S3Y4d3Y SILVWAHOS Lt SYNDIS dalsissv7ONN SOTNWILS SNTINWILS ’ ' SAV1H3A0 - »SNV19-3HI-NI-TIH4., SSANSYVMV Oe ce ee eM GIOHSSYHL e TWNOIS A ASION “TWNDIS UNCLASSIFIED Approved For Release 2000/08/07 : CIA-RDP96-00788R001300140001-3
Approved For Release 2000/08/07 : CIA-RDP96-00788R001300140001-3 (3) (4) (5) (6) SECRET Experiencing motion and mobility within target Recognition and decoding of minor signals while sustaining major gestalts Decoding special characteristics of target Analytical recognition and decoding of significant aspects of the target Table 1 Rising up, a panoramic view Mountains on the island, a small port city on the water's edge Large areas devoted to agricuiture Some tourism, agriculture devoted primarily to sugar cane, main island in Fiji islands CRV STAGES OF TARGET ACQUISITION Recognition and decoding of gestalts Achieving sensory contact with target Experiencing motion and mobility within target Recognition and decoding of minor signals while sustaining ma jor gestalts Decoding special characteristics of target Analytical recognition and decoding of significant aspects of the target Knowledge of the above multistage process of target acquisition appears also to provide a filtering function, in that apparent data that does not emerge somewhat in this order tends to be overlay (e.g., immediate recognized image of the St, Louis Arch [Stage 6] as first response to coordinate presentation). For the training procedure, in which feedback plays an essential role, a pool of several hundred target locations was prepared using 10 SECRET Approved For Release 2000/08/07 : CIA-RDP96-00788R001300140001-3
Approved For Release 2000/08/07 : CIA-RDP96-00788R001300140001-3 SECRET material from a large library of National Geographic magazines, The coordinates for the chosen sites were obtained from the Second Edition (Revised) of the Times Atlas of the World--Comprehensive Edition, Houghton eee eee ee eon Miflin Co., Boston (1971). In a typical training session, a half dozen targets are chosen at random for use, In the early stages of the process the monitor makes himself aware of the target material he is using so that he can provide running feedback during the session, (We call this a Class C target protocol.) During this phase the monitor is allowed only a few stock phrases ("correct ," "near the target," etc.) so as to minimize cueing and leading. Once some degree of apparent competence has been reached, the monitor is given targets to which he is blind (a Class B target protocol) so as to eliminate confounding of the results by potential cueing, In this case feedback information is accessed by both monitor and remote viewer only at termination of the CRV session. A training series with a given remote viewer generally consists of roughly a hundred of these trials spread out over a two-month period, The output of a sample successful trial is shown in Figure 2, In detail, the training procedure is as follows: (1) The remote viewer and monitor seat themselves at opposite ends of a table, the former with a supply of paper and a pen, the latter with target folders (contents initially unknown) and reference atlases. (2) The remote viewer is instructed that the monitor will begin the CRV process by selecting a folder and reading aloud target coordinates printed on the outside. The remote viewer is to note down on paper any immediate impressions (which he may also express aloud”) and then, rather than embellishing on his first impressions, to ask for the coordinates to be read aloud again so that the original process may be repeated, etc., until a coherent picture of the site emerges, The session is tape recorded. 11 SECRET Approved For Release 2000/08/07 : CIA-RDP96-00788R001300140001-3
IEL -00788R001300140001-3 Approved For Release 2000 R087 CIA-RD UN CLASSIF ED as® 36°5 ——" Mh pe "  $q* ga'w a“ fe  as® 3s‘s ¢ 22'ul ON we Se, ne his . ha i, as? 3s'n ‘ sy? 2a'w mo than ort ned of 2 ~ Sfeblins bole on sevin Suef ' CPYRGHT UNCLASSIFIED FIGURE 2 CRV RESPONSE TO IGUAZU FALLS, BRAZIL TARGET (U) 12 UNCLASSIFIED Approved For Release 2000/08/07 : CIA-RDP96-00788R001300140001-3
Approved For Release 2000/08/07 : CIA-RDP96-00788R001300140001-3 (3) (4) (5) SECRET Following these instructions, the monitor selects a folder and begins the process described above. After one or more repetitions of the coordinates (each followed by a CRV response) leads to recognizable target characteristics, the folder is accessed by the monitor, and the atlas consulted (if necessary) in order to give feedback. In the Class B protocol this is the termination of the session, In the Class C protocol a line is drawn on the remote viewer's data sheet to separate the data thus generated from further data, since up to this point the data were generated in a double-blind protocol and can be objectively evaluated later as a test of target acquisition, In the Class C protocol, having terminated the target acquisition "test" phase, feedback can now be given and/or further data solicited, The feedback given at this point is non-negative, ranging from "correct ," through "near the target," to "you are at another target" (giving the remote viewer the benefit of the doubt), The monitor then has the option of terminating the viewing, asking for more detail ("there's something ten miles to the north that should be visible") or restarting the process when the viewer's original description did not correspond to the target site. (In the latter case the monitor can, of course, guide or cue the remote viewer into a correct response. This is acceptable in the non-test part of the sequence, however, and provides an opportunity to investigate whether such cueing procedures can be useful in operationally oriented applications in which one guides the remote viewer onto the target site with cues "a," "b," .., "£," and then asks for detail in a nearby region, or concerning an unknown, "g.") To give an example, we present here a summary of results obtained with a remote viewer who was a relative neophyte with regard to CRV. He was exposed to this protocol, a few targets per session, over a several- day period, resulting in a data pool of 26 CRV target viewings. They were: Salt Lake Desert, Utah; Lake Erie; Chicago; Mono Lake; Aruba Island; Lake Okeechobee; Yount's Peak, Wyoming; Pitcairn Island; Pike's Peak; Vide 13 SECRET Approved For Release 2000/08/07 : CIA-RDP96-00788R001300140001-3
Approved For Release 2000/08/VE C'h BAP 96-00788R001 300140001-3 Los Angeles; Atlantic Ocean; Rio de Janeiro; Kansas plains; St, Peter and Paul Islands; Randall Dam, South Dakota; Lake Titicaca; Cape May; Niagara Falls; Munich; Amazon River; Midwestern plains; Venezuelan Peninsula; Sierra Blanca Mountain; Oregon Desert; Panama Canal; Puerto Rico, Following the first pilot session of five, in which essentially immediate feedback was given (Class C protocol), the remaining twenty-one were carried out with delayed feedback (Class B protocol) and thus provided material that could be assessed objectively. As a first cut the targets can be categorized roughly into five groups (mountains, flats, water, cities, islands/peninsulas), The target/response matrix obtained in the series is as shown in Table 2, The probability of such an alignment Table 2 DISTRIBUTION OF CRV TARGET/RESPONSE MATCHINGS Islands/ Mountains | Flats | Water | Cities | Peninsulas 3 0 .¢) fe] 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 6 e) 0 0) 0) 0 2 1 1 0 0 0 5 occurring by chance alone can be calculated by a direct-count-of- Targets Mountains Flats Water Cities Islands/Peninsulas permutations method (see Appendix), and leads to p = 1/5! = 0.0083. The distribution of responses is therefore statistically significant, Further- more, beyond simple statistics, certain individual responses were excep- tionally accurate during the acquisition "test" phase, In the final trial 14 SECRET Approved For Release 2000/08/07 : CIA-RDP96-00788R001300140001-3
Approved For Release 200 EE CREP Te Oo 7BeROO S007 A0001-3 in this series, for example, when the target coordinates were for Guayama in Puerto Rico, the viewer described a "fishing village on the southcast coast of a boat-shaped island," which is an entirely correct description of the locale at the target coordinates. He then drew an island, resembling Puerto Rico in both shape and orientation, A secondary application of the target pool/training mode procedure is as an auxiliary calibration tool during operational CRVs. Immediately prior, during, or after an operationally-oriented task (which we designate Class A protocols), a National Geographic CRV can be used to determine whether a remote viewer is "on," This procedure was used immediately following the third and final scan of one of the operational CRVs described in the next section of this report, Under Class B protocol (monitor blind to target, no feedback during session) coordinates for the Sault Ste. Marie Locks in the Soo Canal were given. The CRV response, shown in Figure 3, centered on a channel with islands in it, leading to a large lake, and traversed by a large white bridge, a result of high quality. Eventual feedback on the operational target of interest revealed matching quality. B, CRV Applications In this program SRI is charged with investigating U.S. capabilities in applied RV in order to provide data useful in assessing the threat potential of corresponding Soviet applications. Specifically, SRI has been tasked” with examining a series of geographic coordinates using RV techniques with the goals of: (1) Establishing the authenticity and reliability of the RV phenomenon, * DIA(DT) Statement of Work dated 28 March 1979 (SECRET, DNA~79-04633). is SECRET Approved For Release 2000/08/07 : CIA-RDP96-00788R001 300140001 -3
Approved For Release 2000/08/07 : CIA-RDP96-00788R001300140001-3 UNCLASSIFIED ae ° 30’ N 21 Dec F ar’ wW #008 By" ™ 7G He? 30°N qq? BW YG° 30°N 54° OW nouns ~ CPYRGHT UNCLASSIFIED FIGURE 3 CRV RESPONSE TO SAULT STE. MARIE LOCKS IN SOO CANAL (Calibration Test) (U) 16 UNCLASSIFIED Approved For Release 2000/08/07 : CIA-RDP96-00788R001300140001-3
Approved For Release 2000/08/07 : CIA-RDP96-00788R001300140001-3 SG1A SG1A SECRET (2) Developing and refining experimental techniques and understanding of the RV phenomenon, (3) Establishing the best potential kinds of targets and best. potential use of the RV phenomenon, In response to these requirements SRI has pursued application tasks of interest to the client community. These tasks (Class A protocols) have been pursued during the time frame in which the reliability-improvement program of the previous section has been in effect. Therefore, the quality of response to these tasks provides an indirect measure of the efficiency of the reliability-improvement procedures, The CRV tasks described below were carried out in response to quick reaction requirements set by a representative of the intelligence community (hereafter referred to as IC representative) involved in monitoring the progress of the work. During these scans all SRI personnel were kept blind to the target. The tasks and associated response data are outlined here in summary form, Complete documentation (transcripts, messages, evaluation, etc.) can be made available through SI/SAO channels of the contracting agency on a need-to-know basis, i « RV Session Dates: 22 June 1979 (Session 1); oS July 1979 (Session 2), * Remote Viewer: #009 e Interviewer: IC representative (Session 1); H, Puthoff (Session 2), Two scans were carried out iii designated by an IC representative (during a site visit) to be a target of interest, For Scan 1, Viewer #009 was closeted alone with the IC representative--no other personnel were present. The target site was designated by coordinates only (latitude and longitude to seconds). All data generated during Scan 1 17 SECRET Approved For Release 2000/08/07 : CIA-RDP96-00788R001300140001-3
Approved For Release 200 E CREP 00 788R007800140001-3 SG1A were carried away by the IC representative. An evaluation was provided SRI in an electrical message via the SSO channel on 2 July 1979, and a copy of the data (with coordinates removed) was returned to SRI under separate cover, A second scan was then carried out with the same viewer on 5 July 1979, targeting not by coordinate, but on the basis of familiarity with the site established in Scan 1, Details can be made available through separate channels. a e RV Session Dates: 12 July 1979 (Session 1); 17 July 1979 (Session 2), ¢ Remote Viewer: #009 e Interviewer: H. Puthoff It was arranged in advance that an SRI remote viewer would attempt to target on a site designated only on the basis of the following: On the day of viewing an IC representative, known to the viewer, would be carrying an envelope, inside of which were coordinates of a target of interest, location and function unknown even to him, This was to con~ stitute an exercise in abstract targeting under conditions of maximum security. Two scans were carried out on this basis on different dates. The viewer's response centered on the description of a building of specific design, together with information on internal layout and activities, certain quite unique elements of which have been verified as being correct, “this "targeting-by-association" procedure mimics a previously successful experimental series. See H, Puthoff, et al., "Advanced Threat Technique Assessment (U),' Final Report, SRI Project 5309, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA (October 1978), SECRET. 18 SECRET Approved For Release 2000/08/07 : CIA-RDP96-00788R001300140001-3
Approved For Release 2000/08/07 : CIA-RDP96-00788R001300140001-3 SECRET 3. Caribbean Site * RV Session Dates: 14 December 1979 (Session 1); 17 December 1979 (Session 2); 18 December 1979 (Session 3); 21 December 1979 (Session 4); 28 December 1879 (Session 5). * Remote Viewers: #698 (Session 1); #002 (Sessions 2-4); #009 (Session 5). * Interviewer: H. Puthoff A total of five remote viewing sessions, involving three remote viewers, was carried out on a Caribbean site designated by an IC represen- tative to be a site of interest. Targeting was on the basis of coordinates supplied to SRI by an IC representative. The analysis of this site has been completed. Each of the three viewers individually supplied pertinent, relevant data with regard to the target site, and their data taken together resulted in a target/transcript correspondence rating of 7 (given by user) on a 0-7 point evaluation scale shown in Table 3. The results generated in these operational tasks to date, all obtained with remote viewers incorporating the procedures developed in the reliability-improvement program, appear to provide our first (and encouraging) evidence with regard to a possible upgraded level of per- formance. Further data needs to be generated, however, before a definitive assessment can be provided, and this requirement will be pursued during the remainder of the program. 19 SECRET Approved For Release 2000/08/07 : CIA-RDP96-00788R001300140001-3
Approved For Release 2000/08/07 : -RDP96-00788R001300140001-3 SECRET Table 3 0-7 POINT EVALUATION SCALE FOR TARGET/TRANSCRIPT CORRESPONDENCE Excellent correspondence, including good analytical detail (e.g., naming the site by name), and with essentially no incorrect information, Good correspondence with good analytical information (e.g., naming the function) and relatively little incorrect information, Good correspondence with unambiguous unique matchable elements, but some incorrect information. Good correspondence with several matchable elements intermixed with incorrect information, Mixture of correct and incorrect elements, but enough of the former to indicate viewer has made contact with the site, Some correct elements, but not sufficient to suggest results beyond chance expectation, Little correspondence. No correspondence, 20 SECRET Approved For Release 2000/08/07 : CIA-RDP96-00788R001300140001-3
R T Approved For Release 2000/08/07 : CIA-RDP96-00788R001300140001-3 A SECRE IV APPLICATION POTENTIAL A, Introduction Remote viewing, through the use of geographical coordinates as target designators, has in many cases provided meaningful descriptions of East- Bloc sites designated as targets by various sponsors, and therefore con- stitutes a potentially exploitable information source. As is generally true with human sources, however, the information is fragmentary and imperfect, and is therefore best utilized in conjunction with other resources, In this section we consider the potential for a broad-based integration of RV intelligence into the intelligence resource mix. B, Present Intelligence Resources and their Use ee eee 2 ened se The essence of intelligence is to provide support for the operational and decision making processes of the U.S. government by providing timely best-estimates concerning potential adversary capabilities and intent, Three categories of intelligence concerns are addressed in this vital function, They are: (1) Policy * Plans ¢ Politics * Economics (2) Military Strategy e Order of battle * Force balance * Military operations 21 SECRET Approved For Release 2000/08/07 : CIA-RDP96-00788R001300140001-3