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of client representatives. The Phase
II effort was
focussed on the generation
of physical data which could
be client-verified,
providing
a calibration in
the process.
The
end-. of Phase
II
gradually evolved into
the
first part of
Phase
III,
the generation of unverifiable data not available to the
client,
but of interest nonetheless.
Evaluation of the data by the client
is under-
way
.
(b)
Costa Rica Remote Viewing Experiment
Subjects
la and
4 participated
in a long-distance experiment
involving a Central American target series.
In this experiment,
one of the
experimenters
(Dr.
Puthoff)
spent a week traveling through Costa Rica on a
combination business/pleasure
trip.
That
is
all that was known
to the subjec
about the
traveler's
itinerary.
The experiment called for Dr. Puthoff to
keep a detailed record of his location and activities,
including photographs,
each day at 1330 PDT .
Six daily responses were obtained from Subject
1,
five
from Subject
4.
The results were of high quality and are
presently being
evaluated
in detail,
containing as they did a large amount of material.
Samples] of that data are as follows.
Of the
five daily responses obtained from Subject
4,
two
were
in excellent agreement,
two had elements in common but were not clear
correspondences,
and one was clearly
a miss.
In the first of the
two matches
Dr.
Puthoff was driving in rugged terrain at the base of
a volcano
(Figure
4)
and the subject's response was "large
bare
table mountain,
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s
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(/-
^
l
jungle below,
dark cool moist atmosphere,"
a match both with regard
to
topographj/and ambience.
In
the second match the subject submitted
that
all
she got was
a
picture of Dr.
Puthoff sitting in
a beach chair by
a
pool," which was entirely correct.
During the course of the Central America experiment,
on one
!
occasion when the test subject was unavailable
,
an experimenter volunteered
a drawing of an image
he obtained at
the beginning of one of the daily ex-
-
x
periments.
(The target for that day was an airport,
an unexpected target
associated with. a side excursion at midpoint of
the week's activity.)
The
/
match was good,
as shown in Figures
5 and <6,
The
transcript data will be
examined further to determine
fine structure,
resolution,
etc.
(c)
bocal Targets with Feedback
In this series of experiments, designed to give
immediate
data to experimenters,
a subject
is asked to take part in a remote viewing
experiment under the following conditions.
The subject and two experimenters
(one of whom was R.T.)
are in a first floor laboratory
in building 30
at
SRI.
A second experimenter
(H.P.)
leaves the area and proceeds to a remote location of his choosing.
None of the experimenters with the
subject knew of the remote target location.
H.P „
and R.T.
are
in two-way radio communication via walkie-talkie,
(a)
to
provide the experimenter at the
target location real-time data and
(b)
to give
the
subject immediate
feedback after he has made his assessment of
the target.
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hu-r.
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FIGURE
AIRPORT
IN
SAN
ANDRES,
COLOMBIA,
USED
AS
REMOTE
VIEWING
TARGET
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SA-2613-20
FIGURE 6
SKETCH PRODUCED BY SUBJECT FROM SAN ANDRES, COLOMBIA, AIRPORT
USED AS REMOTE VIEWING TARGET
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By this means the subject has an opportunity to learn to separate real from
imagined images.
This
is not considered to
be
a demonstration-of-ability
test,
but rather a training
step on a gradient scale of ability.
In many
of these experiments we monitor physiological correlates
as discussed in
Section B.3
(b)
.
(Nine of these experiments have been completed to date,
seven with the measurements of physiological correlates.)
The following is
a sample of an experiment with Subject
4.
In this experiment we monitored physiolocial. correlates of the remote
viewing activity.
As
is apparent in the following text,
the subject initially
had only a fragmentary picture of the remote
site,
but with what we judge
to
be a small amount of feedback,
the
subject was able to put images together
into a correct description.
Accompanying the verbal description presented
below is
a photograph of the actual scene
at
the remote location
(Fig.
7),
The experimenter with the subject
(R.T.)
was,
as always,
kept ignorant of the
target location to prevent guidance
in the questioning.
The capital letters
signify walkie-talkie communication.
R.T.:
It
is now 12:35.
S-4:
....very strong diagonal ... .like
a zigzag that goes
this way,
vertically
R.T.:
S-4's FIRST IMPRESSION
IS OF A VERY STRONG DIAGONAL ZIGZAG THAT'S GOING
• VERTICALLY. OVER.
(Talking on walkie talkie to II.P.)
H.P.:
THERE
IS A STRONG ZIGZAG AT MY PLACE,
BUT IT
IS NOT VERTICAL BUT RATHER
HORIZONTAL;
BUT
IF SHE
IS LOOKING FROM THE AIR,
THAT'S EXACTLY WHAT IT
WOULD LOOK LIKE. OVER.
R.T.:
Can you tell what
the
zigzag
is attached to?
Whether it's
part of a
building or a fence on the ground?
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R.T.:
It's
12:41.
S-4:
My head gets
in the way now that he’s said that it’s horizontal.
I
usually think of a fence
.
R.T.:
Why don’t you go up and look down and view the whole thing from above
and see
if you can get
the whole gestalt of where he
is.
S-4:
definitely a non-yegetation.
. .almost no vegetation around.
It's
mostly concrete
and whatever that zigzag
is
either water or steel
shiny
,
zigzag,
. .definitely shiny.
R.T.:
7267, THE ZIGZAG
IS A SHINY THING WHETHER IT’S STEEL OR
S-4:
Water..
R.T.:
WATER, WE CAN’T TELL.
IT’S SHINY AND THERE’S VERY LITTLE VEGETATION—NO
VEGETATION AROUND;...
S-4:
Mostly concrete.
.
.
•?
R.T.:
IT’S MOSTLY CONCRETE...
S-4:
He’s standing on concrete....
R.T.:
YOU'RE STANDING ON CONCRETE.
OVER.
H.P.:
IT CERTAINLY IS TRUE THAT THIS
IS SHINY AND IN MY NEAR VICINITY IT
IS
BARREN AND CONCRETE OR CONCRETE -COLORED EARTH.
SHE SAID THAT IT LOOKED
LIKE STEEL OR WATER.
CAN SHE MAKE THE DIFFERENTIATION BETWEEN THE TWO?
R.T.:
He wants to know whether
it looks more
like
steel or water.
S-4:
It seems to have movement—that's why
I would deduce
that it’s water.
R.T.:
What
if you try to look at
the whole thing.
S—4:
I’m trying to get an eagle’s eye view.
That's
a waterworks.
R.T.:
Why does
it look like
a waterworks?
In what way?
j
-
•
-
S-4:
There seems
to be
a man-made layout of channels and connections
to conduct
it
.
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R.T.:
S-4 SEES MOVEMENT
IN THE ZIGZAG THING,
SO SHE THINKS THAT IT'S
WATER, AND A KIND OF LAYOUT OF CHANNELS AS THOUGH IT WAS A MAN-MADE
WATERWORKS WITH WATER RUNNING
IN ZIGZAG CHANNELS.
OVER.
H.P.
THAT
IS PRECISELY CORRECT.
IT
IS A ZIGZAG MAN-MADE WATER CHANNEL WITH
CONCRETE SIDES.
OVER.
S-4:
I
can't believe
it.
The above
is an excerpt from an early experiment,
and is typical,
rather
a sample of exceptionally good quality.
That experiment continued with four
more
site (descriptions,
three of which were
of equal quality.
One experiment of this nature has been carried out with Subject
1,
one with Subject
2,
two with Subject
3,
and five with Subject
4.
A number
of descriptions were essentially free of error and with no feedback other than
verification following the remote viewer's description.
A complete analysis
is
to be carried out on these transcripts following
more experimentation.
To date
it appears that
the viewing
is weak in the
following areas:
(a)
perspective and dimension are often distorted
(an
eight foot tower
is taken to be
50 feet
tall,
a 20 foot separation between
buildings may appear to be
100 feet,
etc.)
and,
(b) written material
generally cannot be read.
(d)
Local Targets with Azimuth Bearing
In two remote viewing experiments,
the second of which was
clearly correct from a descriptive standpoint,
an effort was made
to determine
whether in driving the
subject around the area it would be possible
to determine
the location of the target team by triangulation with
a bearing compass.
The
triangulation lines were essentially uncorrelated with each other and with
the
target location,
and therefore provided a null result.
/
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B.
Basic Research
In addition to the
testing of individuals under conditions which
yield data indicating the feasibility of the application of paranormal
abilities
to operational needs,
fifty percent of the effort is devoted
to:
1.
Identification of measurable characteristics possessed by
gifted individuals
(20%)
;
2.
Identification of neurophysiological correlates which relate
to paranormal activities
(20%);
3.
Identification of the nature of paranormal phenomena and energy
( 10%).
To meet these objectives four specific requirements must be ful-
filled during the course of experimentation:
1) establish
: and apply criteria
to differentiate between those
fox* whom paranormal ability
is considered
to be functional and those
for whom it
is not;
2) obtain sufficient medical
and psychological data to establish baseline
profiles against which
(a)
one individual may be compared with another,
and
(b)
an individual
may be compared to himself at different times to determine whether para-
normal functioning occurs
in an altered neurophysiological state,
3)
specific
validation experiments must be conducted with sufficient control to ensure
that all conventional communication paths are blocked,
and with outcomes
sufficiently unambiguous
to determine whether paranormal functioning
occurred;
4)
obtain neurophysicological data during experimentation
to
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CLASSIFICATION
I
.
i
.
_
_
_
i
_
.... ......
...
.
S
!
determine
those correlates,
if any, which relate
to paranormal activity,
j
In the
following paragraphs, each of these items
is considered in turn
and the progress to date reported.
The milestone chart for the
basic re -I
j
J
i
'
i
search program is shown in Table
1.
The work
is progressing in accordance
\
with the schedule prepared for this program,
and the remaining time and
j
i
i
.
*
i
funds
are sufficient to meet all program objectives.
.
Criteria for the Determination of Gifted Individuals
One of the key issues
in the program is
the establishment of
criteria capable of differentiating individuals apparently gifted in
paranormal functioning from those who are not.
Three experimental paradigms were chosen to act as screening
,
tests on the basis that these tests had been useful for such purposes
*
prior to this program
(
in the sense
that certain apparently gifted
individuals did exceedingly well on at least one of
the
tests, whereas
the results of unselected volunteers did not differ significantly from
chance expectation).
The
tests are
(a)
remote viewing of natural targets,
i
*
'
*
'*
?:-* 5 ;
.
i
•
f
(b)
reproduction of simple
line drawings hidden from the
subject but viewed
i
i
by an experimenter,
and
(c) determination of the
state of a four-state elec-
!
i
i
I
{.
tronic random stimulus generator.
j
The first
test constitutes
a so-called "free -response" paradigm
in which the subject originates freely about contents of his awareness;
furthermore,
the
channel
in general may involve both direct perception
of the remote site and perception of the mental contents of an observer
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TABLE
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at
the
site.
The second test
is more constrained than the
first in that
the target information is more analytical or abstract,
being associated
with a graphical representation of an item of interest rather than the
item itself.
The third test
is the most 'constrained in that
the
target
is blind to all participants
in the experiment and the subject's choice
is precisely constrained.
The details of these
tests
are given below.
For the purpose of screening the criteria as
to what constitutes
a paranormal result was chosen arbitrarily,
viz:
For the purpose of screening a result
is to
be considered paranormal
if the
a priori
probability for the occurrence of the result
by chance,
under the null hypothesis,
is
-6
p<10
•
Although the above requirement
is exceedingly strict by usual psycho
physiological standards,
it
is chosen here
(a)
because
the
controversial
nature of the
subject requires strict handling,
and
(b)
in our work and
elsewhere,
a bimodal distribution has been observed empirically in which
a subset of individuals participating in paranormal research produce re-
•
suits
at
a level of statistical significance
p ^
in comparison
with the bulk of individuals who cluster about the mean as expected.
Therefore,
we base our criteria on an observable natural division into
clearly functional and non-functional
categories.
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match locations,
independently visited,
against typed manuscripts of
tape-recorded narratives of the remote
viewer.
A given narrative can
be assigned to more than one target location.
A correct match requires
that
a transcript of a given date be associated with the target of that
date.
Probability calculations are on the basis of the
a priori proba-
bility of
the obtained series of matches by chance,
conservatively assuming
assignment without replacement on the
part' of the judges.
I
As indicated in Report #
,
,
Subject
1 has completed
-10
this series,
obtaining a result significant at the
p s 8 x 10
level.
Experimentation
is
in progress with Subjects
2 and
4,
two transcripts
having been obtained from each to date.
(b)
Line Drawings
A pool of fifty simple
line .drawings of everyday
objects has
been drawn,
randomized,
and placed in a secure location.
During experimentation,
. experimenters and subject are separated
by either an experimenter or subject entering a shielded room so that
from that time forward the subject
is
at all times visually,
acoustically,
and electrically shielded from personnel and material at
the target
location.
Following isolation a target
is chosen by means of the universal
randomization protocol technique described
in Section 4(a),
used in this
case
to generate
a two-digit number modulo
50.
The
subject's task is
then to reproduce with pen on paper the line drawing now displayed at
the
target location.
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Following a period of effort not
to exceed half an hour,
the
subject may either pass
(when he does not feel confident)
or indicate
he
is ready to submit
a drawing to
the experimenters,
in which case
the
drawing
is collected by an experimenter before
the subject
is permitted
to see the
target.
The experiment
is then repeated with replacement
until
ten drawings have been obtained
from the
subject.
To obtain an independent evaluation of the correlation between
target and response data,
the experimenters submit
the data for judging
on
a blind basis by two SRI scientists not otherwise associated with the
research.
The judges are asked to match the response data with the
corresponding target data
(without replacement)
.
Such experimentation
is presently
in progress,
a number of
drawings having been obtained from
several of the subjects but not yet
submitted for judging.
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(c)
Four-State Electronic Random Stimulus Generator
The determination of
the
state of
a four-state electronic
random stimulus generator comprises
the
-third screening test.
The
target
is
in the
form of one of four art slides chosen randomly
(p -
J) by an
electronic random generator.
The generator does not
indicate its choice
until
the
subject
indicates his choice
to the machine by pressing a button
(See Figure
)
.
As soon as
the
subject indicates his choice,
the
target slide
is illuminated to provide visual and auditory
(bell
if correct)
feedback as
to the correctness or incorrectness of his choice
.
Until
that
time both subject and experimenter remain ignorant of the machine's
choice,
so the experiment
is of
the double -blind type.
Five legends at
the
top ,of the machine
face
are illuminated one
at a time with increasing
correct choices
(6,8,
10,
....)
to provide additional reinforcement.
The
machine
choice,
subject, choice^, cumulative
trial number,
and cumulative
hit number are recorded automatically on
a printer.
Following trial number
25,
the machine must
be reset manually by depressing a RESET button.
'
A methodological feature of the machine
is that the choice of
a target
is not forced.
That
is,
a subject may press a PASS button when
he wishes hot
to guess,
in which case
the machine
indicates what
its
choice was,
and neither a hit nor a trial
is scored by the machine, which
then goes on to make
its next selection.
Thus
the
subject does not have
to guess at targets when he does not feel that he has an idea as to which
to choose
.
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Figure 8 .
ESP Teaching Machine used
in this experiment
.
An
incorrect choice
of target
is indicated.
Two of
the
five "encouragement lights"
at
the
top of the
machine
are illuminated.
The printer to
the right
of the machine records data on fan-fold paper tape.
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Under the null hypothesis
of random binomial choices with probability
jjj’ and no learning,
the probability of observing £k successes in n trials
is approximated by the probability of a normal distribution value
> <k
-
- 4) /Vatn/ie*
For the
purpose of screening,
each subject
is required to complete
100 25-trial runs
(i.e.,
a total of 2500 trials).
To date
> subjects ,1
,
2,
and
6 have completed this phase of the screening program,
and their
results are tabulated
in Table
2.
Subject
4 has completed 2100 trials with
'mean scores of 25.71
(p =0.20).
Table
Screening Data:
Four-state Electronic Random Stimulus Generator
Subject
Mean Score/100 Trials
Over 2500 Trials
Binomial Probability
25.76
0.22
-7
29.36
3 x 10
25.40
0.33
On the basis of this test Subject
2.. whose
scores
are plotted in Fig.
9,
qualifies
as
a gifted individual,
having satisfied the criterion of
producing a result whose: a priori probability under the null hypothesis
is
p < 10~6
.
Of further interest
are
this subject's personal observations
of subjective experiences during the screening test,
presented
in Appendix
.
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HITS/RUN
-
Out
of
100
trials/run.
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RUN NUMBER
- 100 Trials/Run
p =
4 per trial
FIGURE
DATA SUMMARY FOR SUBJECT
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5)
Opthalmologist examination,
including comprehensive,
card
testing,
peripheral field test,
muscle
test,
dilation
funduscope,
and indirect opthalmoscopic and fundus examin-
ation;
6}
Special visual examinations,
including electroretinogram,
dark adaptation test
,
and visual contrast sensitivity;
7)
EMI Brain scan.
As indicated
in Table
3,
medical testing
is currently in progress.
To date the return information
is
sparse,
having to be collated from
several clinics before
a complete analysis
can be completed.
To provide
an indication of the
type of raw data that
is to be collated,
a small
sample of data obtained on Subject
is presented in Appendix 3.
As
indicated,
the EMI computerized brain scan reveals a slight enlargement of
the entire right lateral ventricle, while
the
left appears normal
in size.
An asymmetry
in alpha development between left and right hemispheres
is
also indicated.
Also noted
is some concern about
the EKG suggesting a
coronary artery problem.
The significance
of these factors for our Interest
will be developed under the direction of Dr. Armbruster and made available
to the client as available.
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b)
Psychological Evaluation
The psychological evaluation of program participants consists
of both baseline personality evaluation,
and of ongoing testing associated
with daily experimentation.
The collection of baseline data
(e.g.,
in-
depth interview, W.A.I.S.,
etc.)
is for the purpose of identifying base-
line characteristics possessed by gifted subjects.
The ongoing testing
associated with daily experimentation,
(e.g.,, Mood Adjective Checklists)
is for the purpose of identifying psychological correlates of successful
versus unsuccessful performance
-tasks.
1)
Baseline Data
The bulk of the baseline evaluation has been assigned to the
Palo Alto Medical Clinic.
Coordination of the program is being handled by
Dr.
J.E. Heenan, Chief Clinical Psychologist of the Department of Psychiatry
The baseline evaluation,
outlined in Table
4,
consists of
(1)
In depth interviews,
including objective events and subjective
views relating to the discovery and enhancement of paranormal
capacities;
socio-economic,
cultural,
familial,
rdligious
environment;
outstanding peaks,
traumas;
values,
motivation,
interpersonal
style;
(2)
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale
(W.A.I.S:;)
;
(3)
Minnesota Multiphase Personality Inventory
(M.M.P.I.)
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' PSYCHOLOGICAL EXAMINATION
Personnel #1-3,
subjects;
#4
-
6 learners/controls; #7
-
8,
experimenters.
#4
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Palo Alto Medical Clinic
Q Client
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(4)
Benton Visual Memory Test and Wechsler Memory Scale;
(5)
Thematic Apperception Test
(T.A.T.)
and Rorschach projective tests
(6)
Bender Gestalt Test,
(7)
Luscher color test
(8)
Strong Aptitude/Values Test
(9)
Cognitive Style Preference Test
As indicated in Table
4,
the psychological testing is well underway.
There
is,
of course,
a considerable lag between testing and results.
To
date,
only a partial analysis of data from Subject
is available.
We
present ^fchis^data in Appendix 4 as a sample of the type
of analysis that
will become available.
We note
in passing
that the data on Subject
from the W 0A„IoS.
appears to correlate with that obtained from the
client -administered W.A.I.S.,
an indication of the uniformity of results
available from such testing.
*
Private communication
.
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2)
Cognitive Style Preference Test
In connection with testing hypotheses
associated with hemispheric
specialization of the
brain,
Dr. Robert Omstein of the Langley Porter
Neuropsychiatric Institute, University of California,
San Francisco,
has
been brought into the
program as
a consultant
.
In his capacity
as consultant.
Dr. Omstein has provided an instru-
ment named the Cognitive Style Preference Test;.
This
test was developed
for use
in differentiating between individuals preferring a gestalt-
oriented cognitive style
as compared with a verbally-oriented cognitive
style.
For the purpose
of
the program this instrument
is administered
to determine whether individuals exhibiting paranormal functioning prefer
as
a group,
one
style of cognitive functioning predominantly as compared
with individuals in a control group.
The
test
is administered once to
each individual.
A sample of the
test
is included below.
Preliminary results indicate
some preference for a verbally-oriented
cognitive
style on the part of good subjects
(Figure
10)
,
;
,
but further
data^ is required before
any significance
is to be attached to
the results
; tabWated thus far
.
Should
a correlation of test results with paranormal functioning be
found,
it would be appropriate
in later work to determine whether this
test instrument would be useful
as
a screening device,
i.e., determine
whether other individuals sharing
the
profile also exhibit
paranormal
functioning.
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No.
Gestalt:
Preferences
No.
Verbal
Preferences
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FIGURE
SUMMARY ON COGNITIVE STYLE PREFERENCE
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O
O
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3)
Midtesting
(SRI -administered)
Ongoing testing associated with daily experimentation
is carried
out
to provide
indicators
as
to the effects of mood and conceptualization
on success in experimentation.
Conclusions will
be drawn in the
final stage
of project effort.
...
.
......
...
i
•
'
_
....
.
.
Test:
Mood Adjective Checklist
Source:
Psychology Department,
Stanford University
(Hypnosis Lab)
Purpose:
The Mood Adjective Checklist
is one of
a number of pre-experiment
instruments designed
to provide a measure of
a subject's
feelings
of
the moment as he enters
the experimental situation.
The purpose
is
to determine whether measures
of success
in the experimental
phase correlate with pre-experiment mood indicators.
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MOOD ADJECTIVE CHECKLIST
Each of the words in the following list describes
feelings or mood.
Please use the list
to describe your
feelings at this moment.
Mark
each word according
to
these instructions;
If the word definitely describes how you feel at
the moment you read
it,
circle the double check (W)
to
the right
of the word.
For example,
if the word
is calm and you are definitely feeling calm at
the moment,
circle the double check as
follows:
calm
,’w
v
?
no
(This means you definitely
feel calm at
this moment.)
If the word only slightly applies
to your feelings at the moment,
circle
the single check as
follows:
calm
w
(3)
no
(This means you feel
slightly calm at this
moment .
)
If the word is not clear
to you or if you cannot decide whether or not
it describes your feelings,
circle the question mark as
follows:
calm
w
v
: ? J
no
(This means you cannot
decide whether you are
calm or not.)
If you clearly decide that the word does not apply
to your feelings at
this moment,
circle the no
as
follows:
calm
w
v
?
(no)
(This means you are sure
Vs--"
you are not calm at this
moment.
Work rapidly.
Your first reaction is best.
Work down the first column
before going to the next.
Please mark all the words.
This should take
only a few minutes.
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angry
w
V
no
energetic
vv
V
no
concentrating
w
V
no
playful
w
V
no
drowsy
w
V
no
suspicious
w
V
?
no
affectionate
w
V
no
startled
w
V
no
apprehensive
w
V
no
relaxed
w
V
no
blue
w
V
no
defiant
vv
V
no
boastful
w
V
no
engaged in
elated
w
V
no
thought
w
V
no
active
vv
V
no
pleased
w
V
no
noncha3ant
w
V
?
no
tired
w
V
no
skeptical
w
V
no
fearful
w
V
no
shocked
w
V
no
regretful
w
V
no
calm
w
V
no
egotistic
w
V
no
bold
vv
V
?
no
overjoyed
w
V
no
earnest
w
V
no
vigorous
w
V
no
sluggish
w
V
no
witty
w
V
?
no
forgiving
w
V
no
serene
w
V
no
clutched up
w
V
no
rebellious
w
V
no
lonely
w
V
?
no
serious
w
V
no
cocky
w
V
?
no
warmhearted w
V
no
lighthearted
w
-
no
insecure
w
V
no
quiet
w
V
no
self-
centered
w
V
?
no
still
w
V
no
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Test:
Semantic Differential Checklist
Source:
SRI Urban and Social Systems Division
Purpose:
The Semantic Differential Checklist
is one of a number
of pre-
experiment instruments designed
to provide a measure of
subject
conceptualization about an experiment in which he is
about
to
participate.
The purpose is
to determine whether measures of
success
in the experiment correlate with pre-experiment conceptualizatio
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Semantic Differential Checklist
The purpose of
this
rating sheet
is
to obtain your candid reactions
regarding the conditions surrounding
the experiment.
For each numbered item you will find a concept
to be judged. You are
to
rate each in order.
This
is how you are
to use the scales:
If you feel that the concept
is highly or closely related
to one end of the scale, you should place your
checkmark as follows
;
impractical
practical
impractical
^
practical
If your feelings on the concept are neutral,
place your checkmark in the
*
middle space,
etc.
Work at fairly high speed through this rating sheet. Do not puzzle over
individual
items.
Give your first impressions, your immediate feelings about
each item.
Conditions surrounding experiment
1.
good
"
__
2.
unfriendly
3.
stimulating
4.
positive
5.
unhelpful
6.
right
\ 7.
uninteresting
..
8.
unorganized
organized
bad
friendly
dull
negative
helpful
wrong
interesting
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(c)
Neuropsychological Evaluation
In addition to the measurement of
the physiological components
of the neurological system covered in the medical evaluation,
a neuro-
psychological profile
is being obtained by the administration of
the
J
Halstead-Reitan Neuropsychology Test Battery,
which includes
the Category
Recognition Test*
'factual Performance Test, Halstead-Wepman Aphasia
Screening Test,
and other appropriate measures.
This
phase of the
program is being handled by Dr. Donald Lim of
the Palo Alto Veteran's
Administration Hospital, who has personally consulted with Dr. Reitan
on testing procedures and interpretation.
The neuropsychological evaluation
program is scheduled for the first half of September.
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3 .
Identification of Neurophysiologies.! Correlates
Whicfr Relate to
Paranormal Activities
High on the
list of priorities for the program
is
the identification
of neurophysiological correlates accompanying paranormal activity.
The
purpose of
this part
of the study
is twofold:
(a)
to obtain information
about the neurophysiological state associated with paranormal activity
in general,
and
(b)
to obtain indicators which differentiate between
correct and incorrect responses
to
a paranormally applied stimulus,
so
that
an independently-determined bias factor can be applied during the
generation of data by the subject.
Two facilities
are
in use for the purposes described above.
One
is
a standard EEG facility under the direction of Dr.
Jerry Lukas,
head of SRI's Sleep Studies program. This facility consists
of two
sound-isolated rooms with appropriate signal
lead connections,
an
eight-channel polygraph for visual recording,
and a magnetic tape/
computer processing/ printer readout which provides on-line
processing
of
the polygraph data.
In our
< configuration
we obtain
a hardcopy
printout
of 5-second averages of eight channels
of polygraph information
fifteen mimites following
a fifteen minute run.
At present we monitor
broadjlajiA alpha
(7-14 Hz)
and beta
(14-34 Hz)
brainwave components from
the
left and right occipital regions,
galvanic skin response,
and two
channels
of plethysmograph data
(blood volume and pulse height)
.
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The second facility is
a smaller semi-portable four-channel polygraph
with a GSR channel,
ref lected-light plethysmograph indicating blood volume/
pulse height,
one channel of unfiltered EEG activity,
and a
fourth EEG
channel with zero-crossing digital filtering.
The
latter permits
percent-time measurements
in any band,
with upper and lower band edge
settings
in
1 Hz increments.
:
./ Y
Considerable data -'has been obtained with both facilities.
The bulk
tpr
of the data awaits further analysis which will occur at completion of
various
series: underway.
However,
several results have been obtained
which we describe below.
(a) Bilateral EEG Measurements — Remote Strobe Experiment
As discussed
in Report #2,
a variety of evidence from clinical and
neurosurgical sources
indicates
that the two hemispheres
of
the human
brain are specialized for different cognitive functions.
The left
hemisphere
is predominantly involved in verbal and other analytic
functioning,
the, right
in spatial and other holistic processing.
In consultation with Dr. Robert Ornstein of the Langley Porter
Neuropsychiatric
Institute,
an hypothesis was formed based on certain
observed characteristics that paranormal functioning might involve
right hemispheric specialization.
To test
this hypothesis,
the EEG
remote strobeflash experiment,
discussed’ in the original proposal and in
the paper attached to Report #1,
was repeated with Subject
4 three times
in the sleep
lab under the direction of Dr.
Lukas with monitoring of
right
and left occipital regions.
Each experiment consisted of
twenty
15-second trials,
with ten no-flash trials,
and ten 16-Hz trials randomly
intermixed.
Reduction of alpha activity
(arousal response)
correlated
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wtrir remaxe srimuri was observed as
in previous experiments, but essentially
only in the right hemisphere
(average alpha reduction
16 percent in right
hemisphere,
2 percent
in
left,
during the I6-Hzi trials
as compared with
the no-flash trials).
The trial-to-trial variation
is
larger than in
previous work,
however,
due to use of
a wider-band filter for the alpha
band,
and therefore the system is being modified before further work.
(b) Physiological Correlates
of Remote Viewing
In this series of experiments
a subject takes part
in a remote
viewing protocol as described in Section A.l.
(c)
(Remote Viewing with
Feedback)..
In this case,
however,
the subject
is connected to the
physiological recording instruments
of the smaller semi-portable
four—channel polygraph described above.
Baseline and experimental
measures
of the following observables
are made:
1) Galvanic skin response
(GSR)
is recorded using finger electrodes taped in place on second and
fourth finger;
2) Blood volume/pulse height
is recorded using a
ref lected-light plethysmograph;
3) Unfiltered EEG
is recorded from the
right occipital region;
4) Percent-time in alpha
(8-12 Hz)
is recorded
on the fourth channel.
The alpha filter is a sharp cut-off digital tvpe
with essentially zero-pass outside the prescribed bandpass
limits.
During the course of
an experiment the subject
is asked to describe
his perceptions
as
to the nature of the remote target.
His comments are
tape recorded and noted on the polygraph,
along with the
time.
A
correlation
is
then attempted between those descriptions which are found
to be uniquely correct and accurate,
and the corresponding sections
of
polygraph recording.
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