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EEG-Ob jectivization of Human Distant Influence on Human Subjects
Yuri
S.
Dolin,
Victor
I.
Dymov,
Nicolai N.
Khatchenkov
Summary
In the experiments,
a subject was located in a dark,
sound-proof,
electrically-shielded chamber,
and his electroencephalogram
(EEG)
was recorded.
Two standard electrodes were placed in positions C 3 ,
C 4
.
The reference electrode was placed on the mastoid projection.
The upper limit of the EEG frequency range was
Hz, with a time
constant of
0.1
sec.
The EEG signal was
fed into
a computer for
on-line processing.
Between
4 and
6 trials per day were conducted,
some of them being
control trials and some "distant influence" trials.
For each given
trial,
casting lots determined whether
it was
a test or control.
The
direction
of
influence
(activation
or
inhibition
of
the
subject's alpha rhythm) was determined by the "sender"
(the person
attempting the
"distant influence").
The subject was blind as to
whether the given trial was a test or control.
EEG of the subject
was
recorded
for
seconds
which
was
followed
by
a
second
interval
to
allow
for
the
computation
of
the
Fourier
trans-
formations
of the
signal.
The results were shown graphically on
the display screen.
During each trial, between 20 and 40 of these
time periods were recorded, the length of the trial being specified
in advance.
There were experiments conducted both at short distances
(when the
"sender" was from
5 to
100 meters from the subject)
and at longer
distances,
from
1 to
10 kilometers.
The tests were conducted from
July
1,
1992
to November
25,
1992.
The tests
at
short distances
were carried out
from July
30,
1992
to September
7,
1992.
About
150
short-distance
tests were
conducted,
with
subjects
and
"senders."
Two subjects with a stable alpha rhythm were selected.
The data obtained from the
"senders,"
who worked only for one or
two days
(performing
to
8 trials
each),
were excluded from the
analysis,
since
it
required
a
longer
time
(usually
from
to
days)
for
each
"sender"
to
develop
his
"strategy"
of
"distant
influence."
With
senders
and
two
subjects
("receivers")
109
trials were conducted:
53 control trials and 56 test trials.
From
these,
21 test trials had the sender attempting "activation" of the
subject
(thereby intending to decrease the subject's alpha power)
and in test 21 trials attempting "inhibition"
(thereby intending to
increase
the
subject's
alpha
power);
in
the
rest
of
the
test
trials,
senders did not specify the direction of influence.
Thus,
the
main
analysis
was
conducted
with
the
trials
in
which
the
direction of influence was specified,
in the range of alpha
(8-13
Hz).
The data for beta and theta were
also recorded;
they later
turned out to be non-significant.
For
each
test
(5
min.
duration),
the
following
dimensionsless
parameters were calculated:
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^ti
^ci
^ci/-*-pi
where
Iti
is the mean value of
the
EEG power spectrum during the
epoch of the sender's influence;
I pi is the mean value of the EEG
power during the pre-stimulus epoch
(baseline); Ati characterizes
the magnitute of sender's influence,
and Agi characterizes changes
in the EEG power spectra during control periods (everything is set-
up the same way as the test period but no sender attempts "distant
influence").
This
approach
to
the
analysis made
it
possible
to
compare the results obtained during different days and to minimize
the error, making the error in the control no greater than 3%.
Aai
and A^ were calculated signifying mean values for activation and
inhibition trials,
respectively.
The data are presented below:
Short-distance tests,
changes in alpha
control
inhibition
activation
influence
Number of tests
Mean
0.869774
1.09624
0.734714
0.874214
Variance
0.0650086
0.0798939
0.0621056
0.102312
Mean square diviation 0.254968
0.282655
0.24921
0.319862
MSQ of the mean
0.0350225
0.0616804
0.0543821
0.0427433
Lower quartile
0.686
0.954
0.544
0.623
Upper quartile
0.979
1.331
0.913
1.1045
Interquartile range
0.293
0.377
0.369
0.4815
The level
of significance for changes of alpha:
The left hemisphere
The right hemisphere
Activation
p
< 0.019
p
< 0.004
Inhibition
p
< 0.067
p
< 0.012
The results are also presented in Figs.
6-10.
About
140
long-distance
trial were performed from September
10,
1992
to
November
25,
1992
with
the
same
two
subjects.
The
duration of the trial was
2.5
minutes.
The
senders,
working for
only one
or
two
days,
were
excluded
from the
analysis;
only
the
trials with two longer-working senders were included.
There were
105
trials subjected to analysis:
53 were control trials and
test
trials.
However,
the
senders
did
not
specify which trials
were activation and which were inhibition; thus, the analysis could
Approved For Release 2000/08/10
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not be performed the same way as above.
However,
the changes in
variance and interquartile ranges indicated the non-uniformity of
the samples
(see Fig.
13).
There
is
a more
detailed discussion
of
the
analysis
of
the
results
in
the
text,
which
will
be
included
in
a
complete
translation of the paper.
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