en ee ag ERE ET ST ee ee ay CIAIRDPSE-ob7agRo0b 20008U936.-5" re ee ee ered 20 MayptOveu For Volume 196, No, 4292 LETTERS Scientific Rivalries: A Sign of Vitality?: F. J. Stech; Jensen’s AAAS Fellowship: W. J. McKeachie; S. Yancy-McGuire; M. S. Collins; E. R. Kennedy; Civil Defense and Nuclear Blackmail: E. P. Wigner and ran wee 830 EpITORIAL Science and Technology Strategy for the LDC’s: M. 5. Wionezek oe eee 837 ARTICLES Molccular Metal Clusters: E. L. Muetterties 66 ee es 839 ‘ Science in the White House: A New Start: L. M. Branscomb. oo ee ee es 848 NEWS AND COMMENT Cancer Institute Unilaterally Issues New Restrictions on Mammography . see 853 Battle to Legitimize Laetrile Continues Unabated ... - errr 854 How the Swedes Live Well While Consuming Less Energy .- 2 eee tts oe 856 Smithsonian: ‘‘The Nation’s Attic’? Undergoing New Federal Scrutiny... 66> 857 RESEARGHNEWS Critical Phenomena: Experiments Show Theory on Right Track... 2 ee eee 861 pookreviews The Healers, reviewed by J. H. Young; The Mathematical Papers of Isaac Newton, M.S. Mahoney; Tree Physiology and Yield Improvement, M. H. Zimmermann, Morphology and Biology of Reptiles, D. B. Wake, Reproduction of Eukaryotic Cells, W. Plaut; Atoms and Molecules in Electric Fields, W. Happer; Books Received and Book Order Service. 2. eee eet 864 Reports Geomorphic Degradations on the Surface of Venus: An Analysis of Venera 9 and Venera 10 Data: C. P. Florensky, L. B. Ronca, A. T. Basilevsky «0. ees 869 Determining the General Circulation of the Oceans: A Preliminary Discussion: omen I ; 2 NOME ETI SONNEI BOARD IRE RS WILLIAMO. MC ELROY EMILIO G. DADDARIO EDWARD E. DAVID, JF. MARTIN 8, CUMMINGS RENEE C. FOX os OFD a cro Retiring President, Chairman President President-Elect RUTH M. DAVIS MIKE MC CORMACK CMATRMEN AND MATHEMATICS [A) PHYSICS (B) CHEMISTAY (C) ASTRONOMY (D} SEOQKE ARIES OF Borotly M Stone Ne man fainsey Newman Hackorman Beverly T. Lynds teal Truman A, Botts olf M. Sinclair eo Schubert ro U. Landott BAAS SECTIONS PSYCHOLOGY () SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC SCIENCES (K) HISTORY AND PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE (L) ENGINEERING (tM) Donald G. Lindsley Matilda W. Riley foian MeMullin Ernst Weber Edwin P. Hollander Danial Rich George Basalla Paul H. Robbins EDUCATION (Q) DENTISTRY (A) PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES (8) INFORMATION, COMPUTING, AND COMMUNICATION (T} Herbort A. Smith Harold ML Patiner Stuart Eriksen Lawrorice P. Heilprin James T. Robinson Shotom Peariman Raymond Jang Joseph Becker PiYISGICNS ALASKA DIVISION PAGIFIC DIVISION SOUTHWESTERN AND ROCKY MOUNTAIN TD: ~ David M. Hickok Keith B: Mather Robert T. Orr Alan E. Leviton Enk K. Bonde Max P. Duets: Presidant Executive Secretary President Secretary-Treasurer President Executive OF 0) ubtlshed woekly, except the last week in December, but with an oxtra issue on the fourth Tuoaday In November, by the American Association tor the Advancement of Sclenca, 1515 Ave., NW, Washington, B.C, 20005, Now com ty The Scignidic Monthly &®. Second-class postage paid at Washington, O.G., and additional entry. Copyright & 1977 by tha wahon tur iie Advancement of Seence Meme eat Aniued sul $60, foraga postage, Canada %10: other sutlaco $13, ai-surface via Amstordam $30, Singla copies $2 ) except Gulde to Seleniiiic Instruments $6. School yea oubenayee a inoats §45, 1 manths &b0. Prowde 6 wer rotica tor change of address, giving Bow and Okt or cen arocent audeerss fabet, including your 7- digit account number, Posinester: Sond Form 3579 to Scisnce, 1515 Biasnacheiselts Avenus, RW, Washington, B.C. 26005. none AB PPOVE FOr Release 2001/03/26 : CIA-RDP96-00787R000200080036-5 a5 and ence is
P erred in not notifying congressional com- mittees of its intent to purchase the col- lection of the Cooper Union muscum— even though that was done with privately raised money. Stevens also thought Con- gress should have been in on the pur- chase, particularly since, as it turned out, some federal appropriations were required for operations and construction (total federal contributions have been about $1.5 million). Smithsonian officials seem to have felt that the way they han- dled the purchase was all right since it had the approval of the Regents, six of whom are members of Congress. Just what the Regents can approve on their own has not been cleared up. For example, Stevens appeared to be alarmed upon learning that the Smithso- nian could—in theory, if not in prac- tice—dispose of its research institute on the Chesapeake Bay (a private acquisi- tion) without congressional sanction. “These must become federal properties if we are to continue to fund them with federal taxpayers’ dollars,”” he opined. Although the Smithsonian’s top offi- cials claim to be unruffled by the criti- cism, one official told Science that there is considerable concern that Congress is going to try to ““federalize”’ the institu- tion. Federalization, says another, would result in the termination of adven- turous, public-oriented activities (such as the annual Folklife Festival and the magazine) that are supported with pri- vate funds; would result in the subordi- nation of artistic and scholarly judgment to politics; and would constrict research. Officials also claim a change in status would violate the trust of many private donors who have made gifts with the un- derstanding that the Smithsonian was a nonfederal institution. However uncasy Congress may feel ahout the Smithsonian’s independent ways, there have been few questions raised about the quality of the museum’s collections or of the institution's core of research and scholarly endeavor. The Smithsonian's scientific establish- ment, which includes 300 Ph.D.-level scientists, enjoys a solid reputation and, according to assistant secretary for sci- ence David Challinor, the institution is “fully competitive with universities’ as an employer, Smithsonian science is best known for its strength in systematics, which is founded on the collection of the Museum of Natural History, and astrophysics, which is done at the Smithsonian As- trophysical Laboratory ‘in Cambridge, Mass,, and at Mt. Hopkins, Arizona, 20 MAY 1977 Aborovgs Fer Release D0 YaSpp6 * TK. attidar “of fam. flawvee ane Dhaai By - a tak Original Smithsonian building where the institution has a telescope. Virtually all of the 106 museum scientists are also curators who do research on the collections and go on frequent field trips. The astrophysical lab has 100 scientists, the majority of whom work on govern- ment contracts. The rest are at other labs: the Chesapeake Bay Center for En- vironmental Studies, the Fort Pierce Bu- reatt for marine research in- Florida, the Radiation Biology: Laboratory in Mary- land; the Tropical Research Institute in Panama; and the National Zoo. Challinor claims that Smithsonian sci- entists do well by any measure—ability to get research money, publications, and Warnke Stuck with Verification Task - A little-noticed amendment to the Arms Control and Disarmament Agency (ACDA) authorization bill that passed the House on 3 May would require ACDA director Paul C. Warnke to file ““timely’” reports to Congress on the country’s ability to verify all existing and-proposed arms control agrec- ments. He would also have to notify Congress of any ‘“‘degradation’’ in that capability. But the motives and likely impact of the amendment are widely believed to signify further hard going for Mr. Warnke, whose Senate con- firmation nearly foundered on charges he was too “soft.” : In introducing the amendment, its sponsor, Edward J. Derwinski (R- lll.), limited his explanation to a few colorless comments about the need for more ‘‘effective’’ verification reporting to the Congress. But Robert Lago- marsino (R—-Calif.), rising to support the amendment, spoke what was prob- ably on many of the congressmen’s minds. He noted Warnke’s decision, effective days before, to abolish the ACDA Verification Bureau, and, in a pointed disagreement, said the amendment was needed ‘‘so that there is no misunderstanding in anyone’s mind that the United States has not down- graded the importance of verification.” The amendment’s impact, some congressional liberals fear, could put Warnke into conflict with the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), which now performs verification on several treaties, coordinates the verification activi- ties of other intelligence agencies, and reports on the subject to Congress. Liberals further fear that the lengthy, exhaustive ACDA reports which would be required on all arms control proposals could be used by his foes to harass Warnke, whose past statements on verl to lengthy, hostile cross-examination during the confirmation battle. The amendment is given some chance of surviving House-Senate confer- ence since the House passed it by a hefty margin of 259 to 148, and since Warnke and ACDA are lying low on the subject. ‘‘The Director feels that the agency can do the job if the Congress so wishes,” says an agency official in a tess-than-hair-raising comment. ACDA apparently: sees the amend- ment’s language as sufficiently vague that it could comply without creating too much of a stir. But whatever difference the amendment eventually makes, at the moment it indicates the hair-trigger sensitivity of congressional conservatives to Warnke’s every move.—D.S. . CH RBPSe.00REFRODNZANTSIDI6,5. report observed ApprOweRhBomRelease me anes CIA-RDPSSVUPRZ RAMU MAB ASDUEE i“ Wat Ses Academy of Sciences. There are, in fact, ten NAS members in addition to Ripley himself (whose election is regarded by some as an honorific gesture, more in recognition of his position than the quali- ty of his research), and the late astrono- mer Donald Menzel. The astrophysical lab’s current director, George Field, turned down membership a couple of years ago to protest the fact that the NAS still takes on classified research. The institution however, gives the impression of being something of an ivory tower because so much of its work is in basic research. It has, for instance, been monitoring ultraviolet solar radiation since 1909—-long before people generally recognized the purpose of such a study. “Only the Smithsonian is crazy enough to do a nonsexy long term thing like this,’” says Challinor. Science absorbs about $40 million of the total annual budget of about $120 mil- fication issues were subjected ST a eee De ee ae