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The transcripts and film can targets, each
in their own random order
different from the order of target usage, were then turned over to an
independent
judge not otherwise associated with the experimental series.
The
judge was instructed to blind rank order
, on a scale
1-5
(best to
worst match),
each of
the five transcripts against each of
the
five film
can targets
in each subgroup, generating the 5X5 matrices shown in
Table
4.
In the two series
of
five each,
four were directly matched in
the first series, two in the second.
The resulting matrices were analyzed
using the direct-count-of-permutations method discussed earlier.
The results
for the two matrices
are, respectively,
P]^
= 2/51
= 0.017,
p2
= 35/51
=
0.292,
one tailed.
Combining the
results
of the
2 subgroups using the
conservative method devised by Eddington,49 we obtain an overall probability
of P =
(Sp)N/Nl
=
(p-l + P2 ) 2 /2
= 0.047, one tailed.
Thus the experimental
series
as
a whole reaches significance, with the bulk of the significance
being generated by the first subgroup which is independently significant.
As an example of
the quality of descriptions
obtained,
the results
generated in the first subgroup of five are shown in Figure
11.
The
captions
contain quotes from the subject’s
first paragraph of each
description.
For
a spool and a pin we have:
"It's definitely something
thin and
long
... with
like
a nail head at
the end
...
silver colored;
for a curled up
leaf:
"a nautilus shape with a tail;"
for a leather belt
keyring:
"The strongest image
I get is like
a belt;'
for
a can of
sand:
"like a miniature tower
...
scalloped bottom
...
light beige;
for a grey
and white quill:
"like
a penguin
... grey and black and white
...
it’s
organic and has been alive
... pointed or slightly rounded off at the
top
... open or pointed at the bottom."
In this series we thus obtained evidence that small objects
can be dis-
criminated by psi processes, and that the channel functions down to at
least
the order of
a few millimeters spatial resolution.*
Such resolution would
seem difficult
if not impossible
to accommodate under an ELF hypothesis,
unless
an elaborate process for encoding target information onto a carrier
is invoked.
Furthermore, given that all experimenters were blind as
to
the target,
it would appear that
a potential transmitter hypothesis which
might
in principle provide such an encoding,
is
not viable.
Finally,
we note that either
(1) the successful use
of
light-tight film
cans
indicates
that the
light
level required to illuminate the target
can be
vanishingly small,
or
(2)
the primary information channel
is precognition of
the feedback.
Further work will be required to differentiate between the two.
*In a follow-on study with
1 mm X
1 mm "microdot"
targets, photographically
prepared by reducing photos
of ordinary objects and scenes
, and secured
inside double envelopes at a remote location, evidence to date continues
to
support this observation.
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FILM CAN SERIES
Table
DISTRIBUTION OF JUDGE'S RANKINGS
Target
Trans cript Letter
|
A
B
C
D
E
Belt keyring ©
Quill
5 ©
Leaf
3 ©
Spoon and pin
3 ©
Can of
sand
5 ©
(a)
First Five-Trial Subgroup
Target
Transcript Letter
[
A
B
C
D
E
Stamps
©
Doll
4 ©
Pig
2 ©
Metal
spring
1 ©
Whistle
2 ©
(b)
Second Five-Trial Subgroup
Total
p
0.017
= 0.292
= 0.047
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“LIKE A MINIATURE TOWER
.
.
. SCALLOPED
CAN OF SAND
BOTTOM
.
.
. LIGHT BEIGE.”
"LIKE A PENGUIN
.
.
. GREY AND BLACK AND
WHITE
.
.
. POINTED OR SLIGHTLY ROUNDED
OFF AT THE TOP
.
.
. OPEN OR POINTED AT
GREY AND WHITE QUILL
TH E BOTTOM.”
FIGURE
TARGET OBJECTS
IN METAL CONTAINERS.
Captions
under
subject
drawings
are quotes from
first paragraph of
transcript.
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VIII
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
Experimental laboratory work at
SRI
International and elsewhere
continues
to provide evidence for the existence of so-called psi processes
,
a class
of interactions between consciousness and the physical environ-
ment
as
yet unexplained.
At
SRI we have to date
concentrated primarily on "remote viewing,
the acquisition of information blocked from ordinary perception by distance
or shielding.
Our data base now includes
the remote viewing of targets
ranging from objects
in nearby light-tight
film cans
to geographic sites
at transcontinental distances,
and viewed from locations that include
shielded Faraday cages and
a submerged submersible
.
As
is
generally true
of any subliminal perception process,
the infor-
mation generated by the
psi
process
is fragmentary and imperfect.
None-
theless, the data generated by this process appear to exceed any reasonable
bounds
of chance correlation or acquisition by ordinary means.
In Table
5 we summarize the key findings with regard to target acqui-
sition,
resolution,
shielding, and distance effects;
factors that appear
to enhance or inhibit success
in remote viewing;
accuracy,
reliability,
and robustness;
screening and training
of
subjects;
and technological and
theoretical considerations.
Data obtained in our research indicate that the phenomenon is charac-
terized by resolution on the order
of
at
least millimeters, apparent
ineffectiveness
of ordinary electrical shielding,
and relative insensi-
tivity to distance up to and including transcontinental distances.
This work has gone forward in our laboratory under the assumption
that
psi phenomena are not necessarily inconsistent with the framework
of a continually developing modern physics.
It
is
clear, however,
that
the marriage of physics and psi
is
still
at an embryonic stage,
somewhat
reminiscent
of electrodynamics before the unification brought about by
the work of Ampere, Faraday,
and Maxwell.
Nonetheless,
it
is our view
that experiments can be designed to uncover patterns of relationships
that might
in principle differentiate between alternative models that
are
proposed.
In pursuit
of this goal we are endeavoring to define the level
of compatibility between paranormal phenomena and the
laws of physics as
presently understood,
and to examine the limits of specific physical
theories in modeling these phenomena.
The data presented in this paper,
for example,
derive from experiments designed to begin to test the ELF
electromagnetic hypothesis,
an hypothesis whose viability has been called
into question by the results
of our experiments.
We plan to continue such
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research in the expectation that
not only
can we use physical principles
to help bring about an understanding of psi phenomena, but we can expect
that
the psi
data base will make
a contribution toward the clarification
of
certain problems
in physics.
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