Influenced not
the Ir A|l|]iea!Meii::i^
earth current/ field
x^examined
.
t^e value
\e 2(mii
las a reg/Lonal character m st therefore bd
>f theXearth curr
fatione,
00$
iuaJ;iiicyic
In
1956poi*lc wai
concentrated along two
rioutes,
the Voyeif
Qruzilnskaxa highway rnd
in t^e Kartliyskaya
p]|aln.
The
extended
aloi|g the
S\|irani-Dz
tall^ne rock
showed
the
Stf
stud^ies
confjj
direction of
of the
foldirlg of th^ Caucasus range,
>araileter waa noted
i
ifcharital i ,
Pdsanaur
i
akiy
easu
sranite
unents
n
rula hi^way inmed lately
route
ion
the
of the Dzirul'tkly massif.
Corifelatlon pf resu
component to play the dpminant role,
nms,
the
raed
the existence of
anj approxli lately latltudlni
the
tei:.urlc currents,
cprresponqlng to
t^e dlre^
A high value
ofl the tel
but
iCtOe
no-
was
trys-
ts
1956
tion
luro-
and
the region of
Jretaceois
liraestpnes
and shales
(KreJtovyy jwreval).
I The
Dai*ial’'
imassif
{TaraarlB* Tslkhe)
iihowed
a high value.
The
nade
in
the Kari;llyskaya plain
(lledzhvrlskhevi,
Kveshl, Tkvlavl,
Nugvti)
completely
c >nfirm the data
>f 1955»
aeasunements
it points near
< utcroppi igs
of the crystilline majssif
(fleva)
or on the very massln
(Rlkotl,
Khevl, Vertkvl ’Chala)
con-
firm obncluslpns made
to the effect tMt theri
is a sharp IncTOase
in thtAvalues of the telluroDarameterX
"the closer the \crystallin#
rocks aj^i^o^h the surface, >or in measu^i^mer^s made onXiputcrpppings
of cryet«Tlne rocks.
^
The investigations showed that
It
is possible
to study the
geo/dgical struetueerNWlth the telluric current method, >oth by
sh;^t 'period varlai;lor^ and by data/dh'^e dally marcl^of ^ria-
t^ons.l The latter method
is prefewed. Xparticularlj/good huali-
titl^ve results a^y be obtained
in /inves titeating structures
] esea-
.Ing the Kartliyskaya plain,
l.e/,
relatively good conduct: jng
focks underlaln/fby
hlgl’ -reslstanoe fromatjLons.
The /matter of ob-
taining accurate quantitative daia on thel thickness/ and
dep'rhs
of
ic formation
is quite diffici/lt and requires
Mds
of
a given/ geolog
further! systematic investigation
Cogent;
/The method used
]iy the authors
is hound and
tthe
,'esultB\obtain4d prove Vthe feasibility
Qf\ applying the tell^lc
Current WthM
to geologic pi^pectlng.
It cannot be used ^r
)saeetiha^t
great
d»]ft;faa-..^^iiowever .
2.)
Vinogradov,
f,
A.
Diurnal distribution of steady short
period oscillations of the terrestrial electric field accord-
ing to observations at the Uzur station
(Lake Baykal).
II;
Akademlya nauk Oruzinskoy SSR,
Tlflis.
Instltut geoflzlkl.
Trudy,
V.
I8 ,
I960,
43“52.
QB5OO.A55
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of th» Scltntlflc Regearch Institute of Terrestrial
Hagnetlenn ,
the
lonoi^pnero.
and Radio Wav Propagation
A station was
set up on
01 'khon
Island
In Lake Baykal to make
uninterrupted recordings of short period
Pc
(steady)
oscillations
in the terrestrial electric field using equipment with a sensitivity
(0,02 avAw/»m) higher than had hitherto been possible.
It was
thus possible
to record
Pc oscillations
of a very small Intensity.
The station operated constantly from 10 Sep 1955 to
17 May 1957.
The length of the east-west pickup line was 1000 m,
while the
north-south line was 500 m.
The observational data obtained,
chiefly on the dally distribution of
Pc oscillations,
provided
in-
formation on the characteristics of short-period oscillations ^
the
terrestrial electric field,
and
the influence of the screening
properties of the ionosphere.
Of 322 days examined 288
(89.3^) had
Pc oscillations.
The
mlnlm^UR number of days without
Pc oscillations was noted
in March
and September, while
the greatest number occurred
in February and
July.
Dally Pc distribution has the highly pronounced form of a
simple wave with a daytime maximum and
a nighttime minimum.
A
Blight shift In
the
time of onset of extremal values from winter
to summer was
obsex*ved.
In winter the greatest number of steady
oscillations
ai*e_ observed at 14-1500 hours, while
in summer,
at
12-1300 hours, l^al
time.
The amplitude of the daily Pc curve
during the equinoctial periods
is somewhat smaller
than at other
times of the year.
The
Pc excitation frequency
in the period of
least develo]^ent (00-0300 hours, local time)
is about three
times
less than
the frequency of appearance
in the period of maximum de-
velopment of these oscillations
(II-15OO hours, local time).
Com-
parison of Pc distribution curves according to the value
of the
period shows that in the equinoctial months
the predominance of
Pc recurrence with a period of 20-30 sec over Pc with other periods
is noticeably higher than at other seasons
of the year.
Hesults
did not resolve
the question as
to whether the short period oscil-
lations are excited simultaneously throughout the world
(a view
held by V.
A.
Troitskaya)
or whether they occur according to local
time
(the view of R.
A,
Zevaklna and V,
V.
K^buladae),
In some
oases
the Usur station reported
Pc excitation time to occur at
intervals established by Troitskaya,
while
in other cases
the ex-
citation was connected with local time.
The Uzur station could
find no direct relationship between
the daily distribution of the frequency of
Pc appearance and
the
screening of the earth's surface by the ionosphere,
since the
most Intense
Pc and most frequent short period oscillations are
observed at hours when the greatest screening action of the lonos-
proceBBes.
«xcitatlon
is connected with upper atmospheric
u - ax +
by,
v - cx + dy
fSnl V
°"JiSl:g^
lalana and
Pc attenuation
is observed*^th«
almost total
appear somewhat later Md^appear^earlier"
records dls-
pronounced
Pc within th«
than
in Zuy,
but sharply
slaultaneouslyr
excited
deterwlned by the location of^Ushkanlv^lsK^rt^«ni^?J are, apprentjy,
ture.
Kie thicknesR oc
Island and
its geologic
struc-
1000 m
while UBhS^n12^T^i! sedimentary sequences
in Zuy exceeds
rocka.'
Thi ?eoSwM« Jf
Preca«brlan
hour. Of .:v.«ni;rua°i
oiini 1 1 *
^
sftBic
v^iQ6 of ^h0 dsy ^
yiBV0
obS6i*v6d
Thd&n
.Otlv. region of%hrSuro2h:J:^^d*ar?Lr?L*.“' *.ophy.icaUy
Increase after the commencement of eeoelectrie
field storms
is sometimes
observed
This
.
partlcularlv notif»«*hi«
uh.r^
*c intensity increase
is
durlnic hours o?
-.
commencement of the storm occurs
2xciSftllnrcoL«?Jld'^SlSrtir?«Sii.i*"?*^^
Charaotenatlc of”e
aurorae,
la
the broadening of the*sDeetrim°Je°?h®"f*^' .tons, and
tlons during the phenomeSf
it
i«
Jk £
period ogeilla-
- “a^r.t-eVe^"
Of o.ellL?io2S*or22?h g?2up2*
oharaeterl.tlc
curr.2?"M2jlia«™r!^r.!2 Investigation
of the steady telluric
current oscillations and
the dependence
of their amplitudes upon
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- 25
-
tude
of oscillations.
Bie
character* of oscillations
can be used
as
a
ttteans
for studying the ground composition.
3.)
^sbuladze,
V.
V.,
and
A.
S^/d3rahkhl.
Results—of InvestlM-
t ion 8 of
terUtKil^c current^made
1957 at/xhe ^shetl yi^-
stauisQn.
Akademrya naujr Sruzln^oy SS!R,
Tlflls^ Instltut
geofdrzlkl.
Trudyo^r
18, 1960,\3v^.
QE500.A55
^
^
Continuous round -the -clocfe^iycordlngs of telluric
currsTnt
yarlatlons have been conduct«fd\at ^e Dushetl station frqm^the
autuffilvof 1947
to
1 Jul 19^
ori
rautulstl^^ly perpendicular overground
lines
wi4<h a recording s^ed
of \ 20 an<T'^ inmAr.
In
the spring of
1957 the ea^lSting plcki^ lines were recohatructed
andT new equipment
introduced to^ecord^riatlons at three rates.
Retailed descrip-
tion
is provided of/the
lines and electrodes^\ths^80 am/hr record-
ing equipment foliarth current variations,
thy<(20 ma/hr equipment,
and
the 30 mm/m^h^x*ecording equipment for sh^^^ period
variations.
.
1957^telluro^j^ms were
?roceSsed/ijlth the ala of studying
the dally^lar march ofsthe earth cut*r^t potential Wadlents and
of Inves^gating the question of the periodicity of protracted
electr^llurlc disturbance
In action,
since
1 Jul
IStsf inde-
pendeiy flowing bay-shaped ^aisiurbahces with and withoutSulsa-
tiops,
sudden commencement disuidjoances,
separated lapulsesTXtralns
^^iif^osclllatlons and short period>o8clllations of a stable regime
'^re studied.
The methodologjr of processing observational materials
is. described
In detail elsewhere (T^dy Institute geoflzlky^N CSSR,
?<
1953).
After taking: the onjlnhtes from the 20 mmAw telluro-
grarnsv monthly tables of/xhe mean houriv gradients of ppy^ntlal for
the SW>Md MS componenps were compiled,
then hourly vaiues
of the
dally mai^ in ^ wepe calculated,
and
on the basis >df these data
the dally splar maz^h according
Ito month,
season^/and yearly mean
were deduced NvApalys Is of this kiaterlal prodtuyp
a curve of the
mean yearly daMv-solar march of /the EM compon^nh similar to curves
obtained
In 19^8^^.
The mean yearly dally march ef the SW com-
ponent
Is a/doubleN*ave with basic maxima between 8^1000 and
16-1800 hours,
and bhslc minima
I between 0^0700 and 1W500 hours
local mean solar timeX The amplitudes of the dally mar^
in the
suaaner smd equinoctial months considerably exceed
the am^ltudes
of th^wlnter months.
Thik dally marpfi curve of the MS comment
ii
weakly expressed, ^e mean/yearly hodograph of the^rl-
component extends
latitudliyily.
Indicating a predominance
Oy latitudinal
curi*ents
In thexre^on of the electrotellurlc
station.
r
^
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fro«.i#v«ral hdirs^^o several days, ^
ly tubliiB of twuriy Valuofl
of ttw
inaxj
dallj’ evaluations according to /-point
by ccwplilng k catalog of elecwotellu
Hourly valued of »ax;.mal aaplltudes we
bances and quiet days,
Cui^ea were
fq
of fcrmer yeirs.
A faaxlnal number
of,
18-2200 houris,
and Minimal Trbm 03-06(
i«gai«
to
ttte yearlj march
ci/rve
of
1<
disturbed hfurs
took
place
Ip
the
equ;.
in
the months of the
suBuner And wtnte:
activity id 1957 was! considerably high
b«r ofv^stfurbed hour«
in Y957 was
125
period
H-tiad avtraged^HOO per year.
omiO(^Nmm%v^pmiing
‘
IS Btudi^ by (?6^11ing month-
mal amplitudes
of\ variation,
hourly characterfotics,
si'jd
rlc Btoraa ^d dlstrubance j.
1*6 determined for both dis^ur-
und
to be walogouB with tnos#
(disturbed ynours
oqfcurred
rroim
)0 hours, universal
time,
/ In
>57#
the OTeatest number of
noctial /ionths,
and
the least
’ solstl/e.
Electffotelluplc
i^>r th^ in
19^8-56.
num-
lirlier
while
in
<*®ta^howjthe highest^nt^sity disturbatfces^ook
V
equlmoctlAl months, / The greatest number of b^-shaped
dis .urbances
to<^ place
in Decemper and
I August.
Tmy are ^mpletely
abS'int
in June,/and
In September only ohe was recorded.
Further
^
may be*drawn" /
are/necess^y before^lnal conelusiohs
authors'
lipvestigal/ion relatesito a
umited area only
abd characterizes
the maren of tellurld currents
at ikt one ^olnt,
ItlLs
of i^erest in^far^
it shows theVmsrch
current sta^ throughour-the yenr
' Tn ttnt ttt
4^.)
Vinogradov,
P,
A,
Changes
in
the potential gradient of the
elec trotelluric field at different depths
of Lake Baykal*
IHj
Akademlya nauk SSSR,
.Baykal *skaya lironologlcheskava
stantslya.
Trudy,
v.
18,
19S0 ,
380-392.
5k771?B3Ai8
The equipment used
in
the Lake Baykal region from 20 Feb
^
^955 to make continuous recordings
of
the yarlation
of the potential gradient of
the electrotelluric field consistsd
of a photogalvanograph and five pick-up lines,
three of which lay
in an east-west direction and two
in
a north-south direction.
The
electrodes
of the eastern lines were submerged
to depths
of 5,200,
A?i
**
those
of the northet*n line
to depths
of
5 and 400 m.
All 0l#cvrod0fi
In
"th# ssr0 dir6ction war©
In a singla vertical
®‘rinw*^ plates served
as electrodes,
lach line was
500 m long.
nCM wire was used to link the electrodes to the re-
cording equipment.
The
insulation resistance for the lines ex-
ceeded 10 mg ohm/km.
Properly shunted self-leveling mirror gal-
vanometers operated
in
the regime of critical damping.
Periodic
measurements of the ground resistance of
the electrodes showed
a
constant 170 ohm during all observations.
Oscillograph recorcijigB
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_
were sade at rates
of
4,
10,
20,
and 90 cm/hr.
Slmviltaneous
re-^
.
mfne\eS§e^MS}^Pc\AmbF90Q^^
on
the'^iee of tne iwe near
tne town of Llatvetiwehnbye ,
a permanent
telluric station operated
in zuy,
^
*^0 types of short period osolllktions, differing from each
other by the nature of their oscillatory regime,
ire distinguished.
Type
1,
once begun,
continue for hours, while Type 2 are observed
in groups or trains
of from 1>10 oscillations.
Type
1 may be
further divided
into
3 forms
as follows t
1} complex harmonic
short period
oscillations,
the amplitude and period of which change
irregularly j
2)
sinusoidal short period
oscillations,
the amplitude
of whioh changes
Irregularly,
but which are more Stable than Form
1|
the period remains almost constant for several tens
of years;
and
3 )
sinusoidal short period oscillation,
the oscillatory process
of
which consists of separate packets,
containing from
3 to
10 and more
oscillations,
the amplitude of which after a smooth increase to
about the center of the packet gradually lessens.
Analysis of elec*
trograms shows that most often form 2 oscillations are excited, and
only very rarely the packet form.
The difference
in the nature of
the flow of these oscillations
is, apparently,
connected with modi*
ficatibns
in the factors causing them.
The following conclusions are made from the observations
l) Short period Type
1 and Type
2 oscillations as well as bay-
shaped disturbances
of the eleetrotellurlc field at different
depths of Lake Baykal and
on land
(Zuy)
are, within
the limits
of
measurement accuracy,
excited simultaneously,
coincide completely
in their parallel march,
and have a similar period.
Because of the
complete similarity (with the exception of amplitude)
of all the
oscillations and
Impulses,
the oscillatory regime of the electro-
telluric field at different depths
in Lake Baykal and
on land has
the same character.
2) The amplitudes
of Type
1 and Type 2 oscil-
lations and
of the bay-shaped disturbances
in Baykal and Zuy cor-
respond
to the electrical resistance of the medium of these points.
3)
A slight lessening of amplitude with depth was detected
In
Type land 2 oscillations.
The value
of the attenuation,
computed
from the observational materials,
is
in agreement with the value
of attenuation obtained
from examination
of the absorbing effect
of Baykal's waters
on
the variable eleetrotellurlc
field.
4)
Local
electric currents,
connected with the water currents
in Baykal,
were detected.
The change
in
the potential
of the
field of these
currents represents
a series of uneven oscillations with a period
of 2-7 sec and
an amplitude of 0.1-0. 8 mvA»>*
5)
Type
1 short
period oscillations
in both Zuy and Baykal are excited chiefly in
the
interval from 00-1200 hours, while Type
2 occur from 12-2400
hours, universal
time.
The greatest recurrence of bay-shaped dle-
turbances
occurs during nocturnal hours.
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,
,
Comment 1
The heaulte obtained by the author are Interesting'
insofar aa they sho,the character of telluric
-^rrent oscillations
as dependent upon the earth’s rotation and
the TOdlum th3^ough which
the current passes.
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