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Final
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October
1982
PSYCHOENERGETICS RESEARCH IN
THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA (1982)
(U)
By:
HAROLD
E. PUTHOFF
SGI J
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Final Report
October 1982
Covering the Period October
1981
to
October
1982
PSYCHOENERGETICS RESEARCH IN
THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA (1982)
(U)
By:
HAROLD
E. PUTHOFF
Prepared
for:
SGI J
DEFENSE INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
Contract
No:
MDA908-82-C-0034
WASHINGTON,
D.C.
20301
SRI
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*
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CONTENTS
(U)
ABSTRACT
(U)
v
I
BACKGROUND AND OVERVIEW
(U)
A.
Chronology of Major Events
(U)
B.
Official Policy
(U)
II
EAST-WEST EXCHANGE
(U)
A.
China Psychoenergetics Tour— Introduction
(U)
B.
Institute of High Energy Physics
(Beijing)
(U)
C.
Shanghai Meeting with Editorial Staff of
'Nature'
(
' Ziran Zazhi
' )
(U) ........
.
D.
PRC Representation at Cambridge Conference
(U)
III
ASSESSMENT AND CONCLUSIONS
(U)
A.
Assessment
(U)
B.
Conclusions
(U)
REFERENCES
APPENDICES
A
EXCEPTIONAL HUMAN BODY RADIATION
(U)
B
STUDY OF THE EXTRAORDINARY FUNCTION OF THE HUMAN BODY
IN CHINA
(U)
C
PARTIAL BIBLIOGRAPHY ON CHINESE WORK ON EHBF
(U).
.
.
.
SG1B
iii
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ABSTRACT
(U)
(U)
In this document we review the recent
(1979
to present)
rapid
*
escalation of
interest and research activity in psychoenergetics phenomena
in the People’s Republic of
China.
This includes evidence of
large-scale
screening for talented individuals,
officially-sanctioned pursuit of
research at
the national laboratory level,
continuing publication of
results
in leading
scientific journals,
and official
PRC representation
at international conferences on psychoenergetics phenomena.
SGI B
(U)
Definition:
Human-mediated effects
consisting of
(1)
the acquisition
of information not presented to any obvious
sense,
(2)
the generation of
physical effects not mediated by any obvious mechanism.
v
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I
BACKGROUND AND OVERVIEW
(U)
A.
Chronology of Major Events
(U)
(U)
Although interest in exceptional human functioning has
historically
been part of China's tradition,
"parapsychological" or "psychoenergetics"
studies have until recently been unacceptable as
a subject
of inquiry
under Marxist
rule.
As recently as
1975,
for example,
the official
journal
of
the Chinese Academy of Sciences,
Scientia Sinica
,
carried an article
critical of increasing U.S.
and Soviet
interest in psychoenergetics. 1
(U)
A reversal of this viewpoint
can be traced
to
a report
in the
March
11,
1979,
Sichuan Daily , which apparently acted as
a trigger for
renewed interest and exploration.
In that
report
it was claimed that
a
12-yr-old boy, Tang Yu, was able to read written material placed in physical
contact with his ears.
Although this claim was soon being criticized as
unscientific
in,
e.g,,
The People's Daily in May 1979,
reports began to
sur-
face from all over China that
children elsewhere were duplicating this
feat.
(U)
In September 1979,
a major monthly science
journal, Nature
(Ziran
Zazhi )
,
carried
a report entitled "Observation Report on the Non-Visual
Recognition of
Images."
This report, written by
a correspondent of
the
journal on the basis of his own personal observations,
provided
support
for the claims. 2
The journal then followed up
in
its October-December
issues with additional reports on experimental observations by scientists
*
at Beijing
(Peking) University and elsewhere, which provided additional
evidence for authenticity of
the claims. 3 "6
(U)
"Peking"
is translated as "Beijing"
in the newer Pinyin transcription
system,
declared the official
system of the PRC
in 1958.
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(U)
These reports caught the attention of
scientists throughout
China,
many of whom assumed that
some form of rudimentary biological function
was
at
cause,
since early reports typically involved "reading" through the
skinj
As
a result,
the initial approach to the phenomenon by the Chinese
scientists parallels
in many respects earlier similar work
of Romains on
M eyeless M
sight
and Soviet investigations into so-called "dermo-optic"
perception. 8
From this beginning ,
such functioning in China goes under a
rubric that translates
as Extraordinary Human Body Function
(EHBF)
.
From
its original association with "skin- reading
this phrase has now been
broadened to include the entire range of phenomena that
in the West are
called "parapsychological" or "psychoenergetic
since
it was not
long
before the reading of Chinese characters, numbers,
etc.
extended to
experiments involving noncontact forms
of the phenomenon
(e.g., use of
sealed containers,
long distances,
and
so forth).
(U)
As a result of growing scientific interest,
in February 1980 the
"First Science Symposium on the Extraordinary Function of the Human Body"
was held in Shanghai
,
sponsored by the editorial department
of the journal
Nature .
Participants from over 20 colleges and research institutes were
in attendance,
along with
14 children purported to possess EHBF skills,
which they demonstrated
at
the conference.
As
a result
of these demon-
strations
a number of observers returned to their institutes to
set up
research programs,
and rigorous investigations began in earnest.
(U)
These efforts were followed by a "Second Science Symposium in the
Extraordinary Function of
the Human Body," held
in Chongqing
in May 1981.
At
that
symposium a professional group,
the "Preparatory Committee of
the Chinese Human-Body Science Institute," was
set up
to act
as an
organizing
structure for work in the EHBF area.
(U)
Throughout the
1980 to
1981 period a continuing series
of papers
on EHBF work were published
in Nature
,
some of which have been translated
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(U)
and are available in English.10
The first presentation of EHBF research
results to a professional audience outside of China took place at the
24th Annual Convention of
the Parapsychological Association affiliate of
*
the AAAS
,
held at Syracuse University,
Syracuse,
New York, August
1981.
There,
Professor Zheng Rongliang,
Division of Biophysics , Department
of
Biology, Lanzhou University,
on sabbatical
to the Johns Hopkins University,
Baltimore, Maryland,
gave an overview of results reported to
date.
(U)
In October
1981 the State Science Commission
set up
a special
group to study EHBF phenomena,
and in February 1982
the Chinese Academy of
Sciences sponsored
a public hearing on the phenomena.
In both formats
a
wide spectrum of viewpoints was aired, including discussion of
examples
in which it was concluded that deception had occurred.11
B .
Official Policy
(U
)
(U)
Despite criticisms from some quarters
(notably,
sociologist
Yu
Kwong
Yu) official acceptance of
the potential importance of the study
of EHBF phenomena
can be inferred from four key events
in the
1981
to
1982
frame.
One is the appearance of an entry on EHBF
in the China Encyclopedic
Almanac of
1981
in
its column on science and technology.
Although carrying
a cautionary note that
’’there are
still
some people holding skeptical
attitudes with respect
to the authenticity of
the extraordinary function
of the human body,"
the development
of
the
study of EHBF is discussed.
(U)
A second indicator of official acceptance was the granting of
permission for a visit
to China in October
1981 by a delegation of American
and Canadian parapsychologists,
expressly to meet with Chinese researchers
in the EHBF area.
While in China members
of
the delegation had an
*
(U)
American Association for the Advancement
of Science.
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(U)
opportunity to meet with EHBF research groups at Beijing
(Peking) Uni-
versity,
and at the Chinese Academy of Sciences’
Institute of High-Energy
Physics
(also in Beijing),
and to discuss
at
length reported research
results and publication policies with the
staff and Editor-in-Chief
of
Nature,
(U)
A third indication of official interest was
the decision by the
PRC government
to send two official representatives
to the annual
intern-
national convention of professional parapsychologists held in Cambridge,
England, August
1982.
These representatives,
both Deputy Directors
of
the
Institute of Space Medico-Engineering
in Beijing,
presented an authorita-
tive
summary of Chinese work in a Special Symposium on PRC Studies,
chaired
by Dr,
H.
E.
Puthoff of SRI
International.
(U)
A fourth indication of official
support for investigation of EHBF
is provided by a statement by the Secretary-General
of
the Chinese
*
Communist Party
(CCP)
,
Hu Yao-pang:
'This so-called Exceptional Human Body Function is not
yet
included in the different
lines of present
science which
have been accepted.
Therefore,
before the real truth has
been discovered,
there should be no propaganda work on this
subject,
and for this reason there should be no antagonistic
publication either.
I
think my two points are clear and
fair.
On this
subject
a group of
a limited number of
scientists
should form
a moderate-size research center to
study and carry out
experiments,
and the results of
their
research work published for all those who are interested in
SG1B
this new line of
science.”
5^
(U)
Hu Yaobang in Pinyin transcription.
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TIME-LINE
PLOT
OF
MAJOR
PRC
ACTIVITIES
IN
PSYCHOENERGETICS
FIELD
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Supportive
statement
by
Hu
Yao-pang
,
Secretary-General
of
the
Chinese
Communist
Party
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II
EAST-WEST EXCHANGE
(U)
A.
China Psychoenergetics Tour— Introduction
(U)
(U)
In October
1981
a group
of
18 American and Canadian scientists,
physicians and educators had an opportunity to visit the People's Republic
of China,
specifically for the purpose of meeting with Chinese researchers
working in the EHBF area.
The twelve-day stay, which took the group to
the cities of Beijing
(Peking),
Xian,
and Shanghai, was organized as
a
collaborative effort between a well-known American parapsychologist,
Dr.
Stanley Krippner, Dean of the Faculty of the Humanistic Psychology
Institute in San Francisco,
and Mrs.
Shuhyin Mar,
a retired University
of Maryland mathematics instructor interested in EHBF phenomena, with
family ties
in China.
Others in the group professionally involved in
psychoenergetics research and members of the Parapsychological Association
affiliate of the AAAS were,
in addition to Dr. Krippner,
Dr.
H.
E.
Puthoff,
researcher at SRI
International;
Dr. Marcello Truzzi
,
sociologist at
Eastern Michigan University;
Dr.
Thelma Moss, psychologist/researcher
in private practice;
and Mr.
Jerry Solfvin,
Ph.D.
candidate at
Ri jksuniversiteit
, Utrecht.
(U)
During
the China stay,
five formal technical meetings were held
with scientists,
physicians,
and journal editors working in the EHBF field.
The first was at the Friendship Hotel
in Beijing;
the second at the Beijing
Medical College;
the third,
at Beijing University;
the fourth at
the
Chinese Academy of Sciences'
Institute of High-Energy Physics in Beijing;
and the fifth at the Yanan Hotel
in Shanghai with the editors and
staff
of Nature.
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(U)
The first discussions,
held at
the Friendship Hotel
in Beijing,
brought
the visitors together with researchers and educators from the
*
following institutions:
(1)
Beijing University physicists and biologists
(2)
Institute of High Energy Physics
(Chinese Academy
of Sciences)
(3)
Institute of Biophysics
(Chinese Academy of Sciences)
(4)
Institute of Automation
(Chinese Academy of Sciences)
(5)
Beijing Astronomical Observatory
(Chinese Academy of
Sciences)
(6)
Institute of Semiconductors
(Chinese Academy of
Sciences)
(7)
Institute of Physics
(Chinese Academy of Sciences)
(8)
Physics Department of Beijing Teachers'
College
(9)
Institute
of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Beijing
(U)
This was followed up by visits
to Beijing Medical College,
Beijing University,
and the Chinese Academy of
Sciences'
Institute of
High-Energy Physics.
(U)
Note that those interested in psychoenergetics are primarily
from the hard
sciences,
rather than from the psychological
sciences
as
in the West.
This
is
in large part because of
the weaker position
of
the
latter as
a result of
the excesses of
the
"Cultural Revolution," which
led to suspension of Acta Psychologica Sinica and the closing of
all
university psychology departments
as well
as the
Institute of Psychology.12
B.
Institute of High Energy Physics
(Beijing)
(U)
(U)
It was at the
Institute of High-Energy Physics that the first
opportunity for detailed discussion of specific experiments occurred.
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Invitees to the Institute were Dr. Krippner,
tour
leader;
Dr.
H.
E.
Puthoff,
and Ms.
B.
H.
Humphrey,
researchers at SRI
International;
Mrs.
Thelma
Moss, who had done research in Kirlian
(corona discharge) photography;
and K.
Zirinsky,
MD,
radiologist.
(U)
The group was welcomed to the
Institute in an opening meeting by
Institute Deputy Directors Ho Lung and Li
Yi
.
They expressed the opinion
that EHBF work was important and relevant to physics,
and indicated that
a small group of
researchers,
led by Zhao Yun-Je and Hsu Hung-Chang,
spent
approximately ten percent of
their professional time researching EHBF.
This was followed by
a seminar in which the work and
its results were
presented by Zhao.
(U)
Their basic experiment,
apparently replicated many times under
widely varying conditions,
consisted of the remote viewing of Chinese
characters or numbers
sealed in an opaque bakelite container,
inside of
which was also some form of detector to register possible physical effects
corollary to the perceptions.
The detectors used in this format included
X-ray,
nuclear emulsion,
and photographic films, photoelectric tubes,
thermoluminescence dosimeters,
and biological
(plant /polygraph)
detectors.
The claim made
(backed up by raw data materials
shown the visiting
re-
searchers, published pictures,
and,
later in the trip, motion picture
film of
the experiments) was that physical effects were registered during
perception,
and absent
in the absence of perception.
These included
fogging of
the films,
and pulses on the electrical output devices of
the
various detectors.
A summary paper describing these experiments was pro-
vided the visitors;
it has been translated13
and is provided here as
Appendix A.
*
(U)
Xu Hongzhang in Pinyin transcription.
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Technical evaluation of efforts
such as those presented at
the
Institute of High Energy Physics
is,
of
course,
difficult on the basis
of
a short laboratory visit and the exchange of
a few publications.
On
one
side of
the ledger the individuals carrying out the experiments were
physicists, well respected in their own fields,
and using
standard tech-
niques and procedures familiar to them.
Such factors,
coupled with the
degree of official
sanction that exists,
tend to
lend de facto credibility
to their claims.
On the other side of the ledger,
however,
details as
to
countermeasures against
the possibility of
fraud,
methodological procedures
used,
and the statistical treatment
of
the data are notably lacking
in the
brief publications to date,
a weakness noted in general
in the response
of Western scientists
to published reports on EHBF work by the Chinese.14
Definitive conclusions
as to the technical quality of
the work must there-
fore await further development of information exchange.
C
.
Shanghai Meeting with Editorial Staff
of
f Nature
f
(
r Ziran Zazhi
T
)
(U
)
(U)
Later in the trip the group of Western parapsychologists met
at
length over a two-day period with the staff and Editor-in-Chief,
Mr.
He
Chongyin,
of
Nature
( Ziran Zazhi ),
and from them obtained an overview of
the experimentation,
results,
conferences and publication of
the Chinese
efforts.
It was
clear from these discussions that the Natu re group played
a seminal role
in bringing together researchers in the Shanghai
and
Chongqing conferences of 1980 and
1981,
and in providing
space in their
journal for the publication of
results.
(U)
In addition to discussion,
an hour of filmed EHBF research was
shown.
The film,
made by Shanghai Science and Education Studio for tele-
vision distribution within the PEC,
showed a wide-ranging
series of
investigations,
including mass
screening
of schoolchildren with regard to
the capacity to "skin read/
standard telepathy/clairvoyance tests over
room-to-room distances,
apparently successful "dowsing"
to locate buried
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cisterns,
the
Institute of High-Energy Physics experiments on the detec-
tion of EHBF radiation,
and attempts
to apply EHBF techniques as tools
in
medical diagnosis and healing.
(U)
Generally speaking,
the observations
reported are in accord with
what
has been reported in the West.
Specifically,
from the work that had
gone
on,
the Chinese condluded that
•
Extraordinary human body functions
do exist,
and they
include in addition
to the skin reading phenomenon
first observed,
other classical psychoenergetics
functions
such as telepathy,
clairvoyance,
and
psychokinesis
,
•
EHBF appears to be a universal inherent,
though
latent,
function in all humans
(based on Beijing University
studies on induction of
the phenomena in children).
•
EHBF phenomena are not
shielded by materials such as
paper,
plastics,
the human body,
layers of
soil,
and
metal,
and
so resist interpretation in terms of
the
present
scientific paradigm.
•
EHBF "perception"
extends beyond the visible range into
the infrared and ultraviolet portions
of
the electro-
magnetic spectrum,
and the sign of magnetic fields can
be discriminated.
•
Power
levels on the order of
100 mW can be generated in
EHBF functioning,
as determined by psychokinesis
experiments
.
•
There appear to be interrelationships between EHBF
functioning and elements of traditional Chinese concepts,
as evidenced by shifts in dermal temperature and electro-
dermal potential
at acupuncture joints,
interference with
or strengthening of EHBF by qigong* meditational techniques,
and the
like.
(U)
Pronounced "chigong,"
an ancient
system of
deep breathing and move-
ment exercises
said to promote health and well
being.
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•
The use of EHBF phenomena in Chinese hospitals was found
to be
somewhat effective as
a tool
in medical diagnosis,
and in helping
the blind to
sense their environment.
•
Several
of
China
f s well-known scientists have involved
themselves
in the increasing activity in psi
studies,
including H.
S.
Tsien,
Bei Shi-Zhang,
Zhao Zhong-Yao
,
Wang Gan-Chang, Wang Da-Heng and Tan Ja-Zeng.
*
(U)
In the above
list,
H.
S.
Tsien,
who
has been a driving force
behind establishing EHBF
science,
is
singled out
as an individual who has
played a key role
in legitimizing
the investigation of EHBF in China.
Tsien is one of China’s most
respected scientists in the field of military
rocketry,
and is thought
to have had
a major role
in developing
China's
first nuclear bombs.
Before emigrating
to China from the United States
in 1955,
he was Goddard Professor of
Jet Propulsion at Caltech and Director
of
the Rocket Section of
the U.S.
National Defense Scientific Advisory
Board.
At Caltech he was well known to Richard D,
Delaur,
now Under-
secretary of Defense for Research and Engineering, who characterizes Tsien
as
an "elder statesman" in China's scientific development.
D.
PRC Representation at Cambridge Conference
(U)
(U)
Each August the Parapsycho logical Association
(PA)
holds
its
annual
conference, where about
150 professionals meet over a three-to-four-
day period to present papers and exchange research information.
In
1982
the PA meeting was cosponsored by the British SPR
(Society for Psychical
Research)
and held at Trinity College,
Cambridge,
England,
as the Centenary
Conference
to commemorate the founding of the SPR 100 years ago in 1882.
To parapsychologists
in the West,
the
1882
date in a certain sense marks
*
(U) Qian Xue Sen in Pinyin transcription.
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the beginning
of formal investigation of psychoenergetic phenomena by
the scientific/academic communities,
(U)
In preparation for that
conference,
one of those involved in the
China tour,
Dr,
H.
E.
Puthoff of
SRI
International,
chaired a special
session on the Chinese work,
Puthoff
sent invitations
to
several of the
leading Chinese scientists,
met on the China tour,
to attend the conference
and report on their progress.
Of those invited,
none were permitted to
attend.
In their place,
the PRC government
sent
to
the conference two
highly placed scientists
to represent the Chinese work.
They were Chen
*
Hsin
and Mei Lei,
both Deputy Directors at the
Institute of Space Medico-
Engineering,
P ,0 .
Box
5104
, Beijing,
an institute of over two decades
t
standing,
the last
15 years under the present
name.
(U)
Hsin and Lei
reported that
they were involved with the PRC space
physiology program.
There,
as neurophysiologists,
they are studying
various techniques
to
combat
space sickness,
including biofeedback training
(of
the type employed by NASA for their astronaut training program)
and
the use of meditational/breathing exercise/martial art techniques from their
qigong martial art tradition.
Because the
latter are
said to enhance
spontaneous EHBF abilities,
their involvement in EHBF
studies evolved
from this
source.
(U)
They reported their present involvement includes research efforts
in their own institute,
and their funding and monitoring of research outside
the institute,
all under the administrative leadership of
Hsin, who,
in
addition to being Deputy Director of the
Institute of Space Medico-
Engineering,
is also Chairman of
the Space Medico-Engineering Professional
*
(U)
Chen Xin in Pinyin transcription.
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(U)
Committee
of
the Chinese Society of Astronautics,
and Chairman of the
Space Life-Science Professional Committee of
the Chinese Society of Space
Research.
The day-to-day technical aspects
of
the program at
the
Institute
of Space Medico-Engineering appear to be under the leadership of Deputy
Director Mei Lei, who
is also
a member of
the Space Life-Science Professional
Committee of the Chinese Society of Space Research.
Professor Lei’s
professional expertise
lies
in the area of EEG brainwave measurement,
an
area in which he has published15
and appears
to be completely knowledgeable
by Western standards.
(U)
In their paper presented at the conference,
included here as
Appeiidix B,
the PRC effort was described as wide ranging,
serious,
multi-
disciplinary and sophisticated in methodology with regard to countermeasures
against fraud,
the need for double-blind conditions, high-technology
recording of
results and statistical evaluation.
A partial bibliography
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(U)
summarizing the Chinese work on EHBF is included here as Appendix
C,
and
a
list of researchers and institutions actively involved
in EHBF work is
given in Appendix D.
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