PUTHOFF AND TAR^mm^2 rcmm%mmimimmm-oo787Rooo7ooo7ooo^
351
TABLE X
5-Bit Code for Alphanumeric
Characters
E
00000
Y
01000
mu
.
G,J
10111
N
00001
w
01001
R
11110
V
10110
i
00010
B
01010
11 101
t>
10101
A
00011
01011
s,x,z
11100
10100
D
00100
01100
H
11011
u
10011
L
00101
01101
C.K.Q
110 10
10010
F
00110
OHIO
P
11001
10001
u
00111
01111
M
11000
•
10000
Note: Alphabet characters listed
in
order of decreasing frequency
in English text.
See, for example,
A.
Sinkov
[79].
(The
low-fre-
quency letters, X, Z, K, Q, and J,
have
been grouped
with
similar
characters
to
provide
space
for
numerics
in
a
5-bit
code.)
In
consideration of the uneven
dis-
tribution of letter frequencies in
English
text, this code
is chosen
such
that
and
have
equal
probability.
dundancy.
One efficient coding scheme for such a channel is
obtained by application of a sequential sampling procedure of
the type used in production-line
quality control
[80],
The
adaptation of such a procedure to paranormal communication
channels,
which we now
discuss,
was
considered
first
by
Taetzsch
[81].
The sequential method gives a rule of proce-
dure for making one of three possible decisions following the
receipt of each bit: accept
1 as the bit being transmitted; reject
as the
bit being
transmitted
(i.e.,
accept
0); or continue
transmission of the
bit under consideration.
The sequential
sampling procedure
differs from fixed-length coding in
that
the number
of
bits required
to reach
a
final decision on a
message
bit
is not fixed before transmission, but depends on
the results accumulated with each transmission. The principal
advantage of the sequential sampling procedure as compared
with the other methods is that, on the average, fewer bits per
final
decision
are
required
for
an
equivalent
degree
of
reliability.
Use of the sequential sampling procedure requires the speci-
fication of parameters that are determined on the basis of the
following considerations.
Assume that a message bit (0 or
1)
is being transmitted.
In the absence of a priori knowledge, we
may assume equal probability (p = 0.5) for the two possibili-
ties (0,1).
Therefore, from the standpoint of the receiver, the
probability of correctly identifying the bit being transmitted is
p = 0.5 because of chance alone. An operative remote-sensing
channel could
then be expected
to
alter the probability of
correct identification to a value p = 0.5 + *p> where the param-
eter ^ satisfies 0 <
1// 1 < 0.5.
(The quantity may be positive
or
negative
depending on whether
the paranormal channel
results in so-called psi-hitting or psi-missing.) Good psi func-
tioning on a repetitive task has been observed to result in
=
0.12,
as reported by Ryzl
[31].
Therefore, to indicate the
design
procedure,
let
us
assume
a
baseline
psi
parameter
\{ib = 0.1 and desigiAj}|%^efitdi0eiR9te^e^^l^^.1O
:
5DO
NUMBER OF TRIALS
Fig. 18. Enhancement of signal-to-noise ratio by sequential sampling
procedure (p 0 = 0.4, p, = 0.6, a = 0.01, 0 = 0.01).
The
question
to
be
addressed
is whether,
after repeated
transmission, a given message bit is labeled a “1” at a low rate
Po commensurate with the hypothesis Hq that the bit in ques-
tion
is
a “0,” or at
a higher rate Pi commensurate with the
hypothesis Hi
that the
bit in question is indeed a “1.”
The
decision-making
process
requires
the
specification
of
four
parameters.
Po
Pi
The probability of labeling incorrectly a “0” message bit
as a “1.”
The probability of labeling correctly a “0” as
a “0”
is p = 0.5 + *pb = 0.6.
Therefore, the probability
of labeling incorrectly a “0” as a “1” is
1 - p = 0.4 = p 0 .
The probability of labeling correctly a “1” message bit
as a “1,” is given by Pi = 0.5 +
= 0.6.
The probability of rejecting a correct identification for
a “0” (Type I error). We shall take a = 0.01.
The probability of accepting an incorrect identification
for a “1” (Type II error). We shall take 0 = 0.01.
With the parameters thus specified, the sequential sampling
procedure provides
for construction
of
a
decision graph
as
shown in Fig. 18. The equations for the upper and lower limit
lines are
£
=d, +SN
T=-d 0 +SN
where
log 1-0
log-
1 - a
Pi
1 " Po
do='
log
Po
1 - Pi
log P±
1 - Po
Po
1 - Pi
log
S =
1 - Po
1 - Pi
,
Pi
1 - Po
log
Po
1 - Pi
in which S is the slope, N is the number of trials, and d i and
do
are the y-axis intercepts. A cumulative record of receiver-
Cl^kH3BH3fflSe^fi®8?f?l0OOi?O©£B5O(Mt1i69compiled until either
352
Approved For Release 2003/09/10
:
+0.4
+0.2
-0.2
-0.4
(psi
parameter)
Fig. 19.
Reliability curve for sequential sampling procedure (p 0 = 0.4,
p, =0.6, <* = 0.01,0 = 0.01).
the upper or the lower limit line
is reached, at which point a
decision is made to accept 0 or
1 as the bit being transmitted.
Channel
reliability
(probability
of
correctly
determining
message
being
transmitted)
as
a
function
of
operative
psi
parameter
\p
is plotted in Fig. 19. As observed, the sequential
sampling procedure can result in 90 percent or greater reliability
with psi parameters on the order of a few percent.
Implementation
of
the
sequential sampling procedure
re-
quires
the transmission of a message coded
in binary
digits.
Therefore, the
target space must consist of dichotomous ele-
ments such
as the white and green cards used in the experi-
ments by Ryzl.
In operation,
a sequence corresponding to the target bit (0
or 1)
is sent and the cumulative entries are made (Fig. 18) until
a decision
is reached to accept either a
1 or a 0 as the bit being
transmitted.
At
a
prearranged
time,
the
next
sequence
is
begun and continues as above until the entire message has been
received.
A useful alternative, which relieves the percipient of
the burden of being aware of his self-contradiction from
trial
to
trial, consists of cycling through the entire message repeti-
tively and entering each response on
its associated graph until
a decision has been reached on all message
bits.
The authors
have used
this technique successfully in
a pilot study, but a
discussion of this would take us beyond the intended scope of
this paper.
From the results obtained in such experiments, the channel
bit rate can be ascertained for the system configuration under
consideration.
Furthermore,
bit
rates
for other
degrees of
reliability
(i.e., for other p 0
, Pi
, a, and 0) can be estimated by
construction of other decision curves over the same data base
and
thus
provide
a measure
of the
bit
rate
per
degree
of
reliability.
In summary, the procedures described here can provide for a
specification of the characteristics of a remote-sensing channel
under well-defined conditions.
These procedures also provide
for
a determination of the
feasibility of such a channel
for
particular applications.
Appendix B
Remote-Viewing Transcript
Following
is the unedited transcript of the first experiment
with an SRI volunteer (S6), a mathematician in the computer
science
laboratory,
with no previous experience
in
remote
Approved For Release 2003/09/10
:
PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE, MARCH 1976
CIA-RDP96-00787R000700070001 -9
viewing.
The
target, determined by random procedure, was
White’s
Plaza,
a
plaza with
fountain
at Stanford University
(shown
in
Fig.
8).
As
is our standard protocol, the experi-
menter with the subject is kept ignorant of the specific target
visited as well as the contents of the target pool.
The experi-
menter’s statements and questions are italics.
Today
is Monday, October
7th.
It
is 11:00 and this is a re-
mote viewing experiment with Russ Targ, Phyllis Cole, and Hal
Puthoff
In
this experiment Hal
will drive
to a remote
site
chosen by a random process.
Phyllis Cole will be the remote
viewer, and Russ Targ is the monitor.
We expect this experi-
ment
to start at twenty minutes after eleven and run for fif-
teen minutes.
It
is just about twenty minutes after eleven and Hal should
be at his target location by now.
Why don’t you
tell me what kind of pictures you see and
what you think he might be doing or experiencing.
The
first thing that came to mind was some sort of a large,
square kind of a shape.
Like Hal was in front of it.
It was a
.
.
. not a building or something, it was a square.
I don’t know
if it was
a window, but something like that so that the bottom
line of it was not at the ground. About where his waist was, at
least.
That’s what it seemed to me.
It seems outdoors some-
how.
Tree.
Does Hal seem to be looking at that square?
I don’t know.
The first impression was that he wasn’t, but I
have
a sense
that whatever
it was was something one might
look
at.
I don’t know if it would be a sign, but something that
one might look at.
Can you tell if it is on the ground or vertical
It seemed vertical.
I don’t have a sense that
it was part of anything particular.
It might be on a building or part of a building, but
I don’t
know.
There was a tree outside, but
I also got the impression
of cement.
I don’t have the impression of very many people
or
traffic either.
I have the sense
that he
is sort of walking
back and
forth.
I don’t have any more explicit picture than
that.
Can you move into where he
is standing and try to see what
he is looking at?
I picked up he was touching something-something rough.
Maybe warm and rough. Something possibly like cement.
It is twenty-four minutes after eleven.
Can you change your point of view and move above
the
scene so you can get a bigger picture of what’s there?
I
still
see some
trees and some
sort of pavement or some-
thing like that.
Might be a courtyard. The thing that came to
mind was
it might be one of the plazas at Stanford campus or
something like that, cement.
Some kinds of landscaping.
I said Stanford campus when
I started to see some things in
White Plaza, but
I think that is misleading.
I
have
the
sense
that
he’s not moving around too much.
That it’s in a small area.
I guess I’ll go ahead and say it, but I’m afraid I’m just putting
on my impressions from Stanford campus.
I had the impres-
sion of a fountain.
There are two in the plaza, and it seemed
that Hal was possibly near the, what they call Mem Claw.
What is that?
It’s
a
fountain
that looks rather like
a claw.
It’s a black
sculpture. And it has benches around it made of cement.
Are there any buildings at tfie place you are looking at? Are
there any
buildings?
You described a kind of a courtyard.
CIA-RDP96-00787R000700070001 -9
puthoff and TAi^pB'iiuBsdTltiodLRshNNJil' 20G3(f09Jt®4T(IBA-'RBP$HP€l0787R000700070001 -9
353
Usually
at some
places
there should be a
building,
large or
small that the courtyard is about. Look at the end or the sides
of the courtyard.
Is there anything to be seen
?
I have a sense that there are buildings.
It’s not solid build-
ings.
I mean there are some around the periphery and I have a
sense that none of them are very tall. Maybe mostly one story,
maybe an occasional two story one.
Do you have any better idea of what your square was that
you saw at the outset?
No.
I could hazard different kinds of guesses.
Does it seem part of this scene?
It ...
I think it could be.
It could almost be a bulletin board
or something with notices on it maybe.
Or something that people are expected to look at. Maybe a
window with things in it that people were expected to look at.
What kind of trees do you see in this place?
I don’t know what kind they are.
The impression was that
they were shade trees and not terribly big.
Maybe 12 feet of
trunk and then a certain amount of branches above that.
So
that the branches have maybe a
12 foot diameter, or some-
thing. Not real big trees.
New trees rather than old trees?
Yeah, maybe 5 or 10 years old, but not real old ones.
Is there anything interesting about the pavement?
No.
It seems to be not terribly new or terribly old.
Not
very interesting.
There seems to be some bits of landscaping
around.
Little patches of grass around the edges and periph-
eries. Maybe some flowers.
But, not lush.
You saw some benches. Doyou want to tell me about them?
Well,
that’s my unsure
feeling about
this fountain.
There
was some kind of benches of cement.
Curved benches, it felt
like.
They were of rough cement.
What do you think Hal is doing while he is there?
I have a sense that he
is looking at things trying to project
them.
Looking at different things and
sort of walking back
and forth not covering a whole lot of territory.
Sometimes standing still while he looks around.
I just had the impression of him talking, and
I almost sense
that
it was being recorded or something.
I don’t know if he
has a tape recorder, but if it’s not that, then he is saying some-
thing because
it needed to be remembered.
It’s 11:33.
He’s
just probably getting ready to come back.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The authors wish to thank the principal subjects, Mrs. Hella
Hammid, Pat Price, and Ingo Swann, who showed patience and
forbearance in addition
to their enthusiasm ‘and outstanding
perceptual abilities. We note with sadness the death of one of
our subjects, Mr. Price. We express our sincere thanks also to
Earle Jones, Bonnar Cox, and Dr. Arthur Hastings, of SRI, and
Mrs.
Judith
Skutch
and
Richard Bach, without whose
en-
couragement
and
support
this work could
not have
taken
place.
References
[ 1 }
J, R. Smythies, Ed., Science and ESP.
London, England: Rout-
ledge, 1967.
[2]
C.
Evans, “Parapsychology-What
the
questionnaire
revealed,”
New Scientist, Jan. 25, 1973, p. 209.
13]
A.
Gauld,
77ie Founders of Psychical Research.
New York:
Schocken Books, 1968.
See also W. Crookes, Researches in the
Phenomena of Spiritualism.
London, England
: J . Burns,
1 874.
(4]
R. Targ and H. Puthoff, "Information transmission under condi-
"°n‘
“"^^tlTof'fellaseMWkTc
18, 1974.
[5]
D. D. Home, Lights and Shadows of Spiritualism.
New York:
G. W. Carleton, 1877.
(6)
J. Coover, Experiments in Psychical Research.
Palo Alto, CA:
Stanford Univ. Press, 1917.
[ 7
] G . Estabrooks, Bull. Boston Society for Psychical Research, 1927.
See also [12, pp. 18-19]
.
[8]
L. T. Troland, Techniques for the Experimental Study of Telep-
athy and Other Alleged Clairvoyant Processes.
Albany, NY, 1928.
J9]
J. B. Rhine, New Frontiers of the Mind.
New York: Farrar and
Rinehart, 1937.
[10]
J.
Pratt and
J.
B. Rhine et al., Extra-Sensory Perception after
Sixty Years.
New York: Henry Holt, 1940.
[11]
C.
Scott,
“G.
Spencer Brown
and
probability: A
critique,”
J. Soc. Psychical Res., vol. 39, pp. 217-234, 1958.
[12]
G. R.
Price, “Science and the supernatural,” Science, vol.
122,
pp. 359-367, 1955.
[13]
, “Apology
to Rhine and Soal,” Science, vol.
175, p. 359,
1972.
[14]
J.
B.
Rhine, “A
new
case
of experimenter
unreliability,"
/.
Parapsychol.
,
vol. 38, pp. 215-225, June 1974.
[15]
S. G. Soal and
F. Bateman, Modem Experiments in Telepathy.
London, England: Faber and Faber, 1953.
[16]
C.
Scott
and
P.
Haskell, “‘Normal’ explanation of
the
Soal-
Goldney experiments in extra-sensory perception,” Nature, vol.
245, pp. 52-54, Sept. 7, 1973.
[17]
C.
E.
M.
Hansel, ESP-A
Scientific
Evaluation.
New York:
Scribner, 1966.
[18]
J.
B. Rhine and
J. G.
Pratt, “A review of the Pearce-Pratt dis-
tance series of ESP tests,” J. Parapsychol., vol. 18, pp. 165-177,
1954.
[19]
J. G. Pratt andJ. L. Woodruff, “Size of stimulus symbols in extra-
sensory perception,”/. Parapsychol., vol. 3, pp. 121-158, 1939.
[20]
S. G. Soal and H. T. Bowden, The Mind Readers: Recent Experi-
ments In Telepathy.
New Haven, CT
: Yale Univ. Press, 1954.
[21]
C. Honorton, “Error some place!" /. Commun., vol.
25, no.
(Annenberg School of Commun.), Winter 1975.
[22]
M. Ryzl, “Training the
psi faculty by hypnosis,”/. Amer. Soc.
Psychical Res., vol. 41, pp. 234-251, 1962.
[23]
CIBA
Foundation Symposium
on
Extra
Sensory
Perception.
Boston, MA: Little, Brown, 1956.
[24]
M. Ryzl and
J.
Pratt, “A repeated-calling ESP
test with sealed
cards,”/. Parapsychol., vol. 27, pp. 161-174, 1963.
[25]
, "A further confirmation of stabilized ESP performance in a
selected subject,”/. Parapsychol., vol. 27, pp. 73-83, 1963.
[26]
J.
Pratt, “Preliminary experiments with
a ‘borrowed’ ESP sub-
ject,”/. Amer. Soc. Psychical Res.
,
vol. 42, pp. 333-345, 1964.
[27]
J.
Pratt
and
J. Blom, “A confirmatory experiment with
‘bor-
rowed’ outstanding ESP subject,” /. Amer. Soc. Psychical Ret,
vol. 42, pp. 381-388, 1964.
[28]
W. G. Roll and J. G. Pratt, “An ESP test with aluminum targets,”
/. Amer. Soc. Psychical Res., vol. 62, pp. 381-387, 1968.
[29]
J.
Pratt, “A decade of research with a selected ESP subject: An
overview
and
reappraisal
of
the work with
Pavel Stepanek,”
Proc. Amer. Soc. Psychical Res., vol. 30, 1973.
[30]
C. Shannon and W. Weaver, The Mathematical Theory of Com-
munication.
Urbana, IL: Univ. Illinois Press, 1949.
[31]
M.
Ryzl,
“A
model
for
parapsychological
communication,”
/. Parapsychol., vol. 30, pp. 18-31, Mar. 1966.
[32]
C.
Tart, “Card guessing tests: Learning paradigm or extinction
paradigm,” /. Amer. Soc. Psychical Res., vol. 60, p. 46, 1966.
[33]
M. Ullman and S. Krippner, with A. Vaughan, Dream Telepathy.
New York: Macmillan, 1973.
[34]
C. Honorton, “State of awareness factors in
psi activation,” /.
Amer. Soc. Psychical Res., vol. 68, pp. 246-257, 1974.
[35]
Proc.
2nd
Int.
Congr.
Psychotronlc Research
(Monte
Carlo).
Cotati, CA: Int. Assoc. Psychotronic Res., 1975.
[36]
L.
L.
Vasiliev, Experiments in Mental Suggestion.
Hampshire,
England: ISMI Publ., 1963.
[37]
I. M. Kogan, “Is telepathy possible?” Radio Eng., vol. 21, p. 75,
Jan. 1966.
[38]
, “Telepathy, hypotheses and observations,” Radio Eng., vol.
22, p. 141, Jan. 1967.
[39]
, “Information theory analysis of telepathic communication
experiments,” Radio Eng.
,
vol. 23, p. 122, Mar. 1968.
[40]
, “The information theory aspect of telepathy,” RAND Publ.,
Santa Monica, CA, p. 4145, July 1969.
[41]
A.
S.
Presman, Electromagnetic Fields and
Life.
New York:
Plenum, 1970.
[42]
Y. A. Kholodov, Ed., Influence of Magnetic Fields on Biological
Objects, JPRS 63038, NTIS, Springfield, VA, Sept. 24, 1974.
[43]
Y. A. Kholodov, “Investigation of the direct effect of magnetic
fields on the central nervous system,” in Proc. 1st Conf. Psycho-
tronic Res.
,
JPRS L/5022-1 and 2, Sept. 6, 1974.
[44]
D. Mennie, “Consumer
electronics,” IEEE Spectrum, vol.
12,
pp. 34-35, Mar. 1975.
[45]
W. P. Zinchenko, A. N. Leontiev, B. M. Lomov, and A. R. Luria,
A-RDP96-00787R000700070001 -9
PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE, MARCH 1976
Approved For Release 2003/09/10
: CIA-RDP96-00787R000700070001-9
“Parapsychology: Fiction or reality?”
Questions of Philosophy,
vol. 9, pp. 128-136, 1973.
[46]
R. Cavanna, Ed., Proc. Int. Conf. Methodology in PSI Research.
New York: Parapsychology Foundation, 1970.
[47]
E. D. Dean, “Plethysmograph recordings as ESP responses,” Int.
J. Neuropsychiatry , vol. 2, Sept. 1966.
[48]
C. Tart, “Physiological correlates of psi cognition,” Int. J. Para-
psychol., no. 4, 1963.
[49]
D.
H.
Lloyd,
“Objective events
in
the
brain
correlating with
psychic phenomena,” New Horizons, vol.
1 , no. 2, Summer 1973.
[50]
J. Silverman and M. S. Buchsbaum, “Perceptual correlates of con-
sciousness; A conceptual model and its technical implications for
psi
research,”
. in Psi Favorable States of Consciousness, R. Ca-
vanna, Ed.
New York:
Parapsychology
Foundation, pp. 143-
169, 1970.
[51]
J. Kamiya, “Comment to Silverman and Buchsbaum," ibid., pp.
158-159.
[52]
D.
Hill and G.
Parr, Electroencephalography. A Symposium on
Its Various Aspects.
New York: Macmillan, 1963.
[53]
T. D. Duane and T. Behrendt, “Extrasensory electroencephalo-
graphic
induction between
identical
twins,” Science, vol.
150,
p. 367, 1965.
[54]
K. Osis, ASPR Newsletter, no. 14, 1972.
[55]
R.
L.
Morris, “An
exact method
for evaluating
preferentially
matched
free-response
material,” J. Amer. Soc. Psychical Res.,
vol. 66, p.401, Oct. 1972.
[56]
G. R. Schmeidler, “PK effects upon continuously recorded tem-
peratures,”
J. Amer.
Soc. Psychical Res.,
vol. 67, no.
4, Oct.
1973.
[57]
W.
Scherer,
“Spontaneity
as
a
factor
in ESP,”
J. Amer.
Soc.
Psychical Res., vol. 12, pp. 126-147, 1948.
[58]
R. Targ, P. Cole, and H. Puthoff, “Techniques to enhance man/
machine
communication,"
SRI,
Menlo
Park, CA,
Final
Rep.,
NASA Contract NAS7-100, June 1974.
[59]
R.
Ornstein, The Nature of Human Consciousness.
San Fran-
cisco, CA: Freeman, 1973, ch. 7 and 8.
[60]
R. W.
Sperry,
“Cerebral organization and
behavior,” Science,
vol. 133, pp. 1749-1757, 1961.
[61]
O.
Bilaniuk and E. C. G. Sudarshan, “Particles beyond the light
Barrier,” Phys. Today, vol. 22, May 5, 1969.
[62]
W. Pauli and C. G. Jung, Eds., The Interpretation of Nature and
the Psyche (Bollingen
Ser.
LI).
Princeton, NJ: Princeton Univ.
Press
1955 .
[63]
M.
A.
Persinger, “ELF waves and ESP,” New Horizons Trans.
Toronto Society for Psychical Research, vol. 1, no. 5, Jan. 1975.
[ 64
]
“The paranormal-P.
II: Mechanisms and models,” M.S.S.
Information Corp., New York, 1974.
[65]
B.
Julesz, Foundations of Cyclopean Perception.
Chicago, IL:
Univ. Chicago Press, 1971.
[66 1
H. Puthoff and R. Targ, in Psychic Exploration-A Challenge for
Science, J. White, Ed.
New York: Putnam, 1974, pp. 522-542.
[67]
G.
Felnberg,
“Precognition-A memory
of things
future?”
in
Proc.
Conf.
Quantum
Physics
and
Parapsychology
(Geneva,
Switzerland).
New York: Parapsychology Foundation, 1975.
[68]
E.
P. Wigner, “The problem of measurement,” Amer.
J. Phys.,
vol. 31, no. l,p. 6, 1963.
[69]
J.
J. Freedman and
J.
F. Clauser, “Experimental
test of local
hidden variable theories,” Phys. Rev.
Lett.,
vol.
28, no.
14,
f.
938, Apr. 3, 1972.
[70]
J.
F. Clauser and M. A. Horne, “Experimental consequences of
objective
local theories,” Phys. Rev. D, vol.
10, no.
2,
p. 526,
July 15, 1974.
J
[71]
D. Bohm and B. Hiley, “On the intuitive understanding of non-
locality
as
implied
by
quantum
theory”
(Birkbeck
College,
London, England), Feb. 1974, Preprint.
[72]
J.
S.
Bell, “On
the
problem
of hidden
variables
in quantum
theory,” Rev. Mod. Phys., vol. 38, no. 3, p. 447, July 1966.
[73]
H.
Stapp, “Theory
of reality,” Lawrence-Berkeley
Lab.
Rep.
LBL-3837, Univ. California, Berkeley, Apr. 1975.
[74]
A. Einstein, B, Podolsky, and N. Rosen, “Can quantum-mechani-
cal description of physical reality be considered complete?
Phys.
Rev., vol. 47, p. 777, May 15, 1935.
[75]
R. H. Dicke and
J. P. Wittke, Introduction to Quantum Mechan-
ics.
Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley, 1960, ch. 7.
[76]
E. H. Walker, “Foundations of paraphysical and parapsy etiologi-
cal
phenomena,”
in
Proc.
Conf.
Quantum
Physics and Para-
psychology (Geneva, Switzerland).
New York: Parapsychology
Foundation, 1975.
[77]
O. Costa de Beauregard, “Time symmetry and interpretation of
quantum mechanics,” Lecture delivered at Boston Colloquim for
Philosophy of Science (Feb.
1974), Foundations of Physics (in
press).
[78]
J.
A.
Stratton, Electromagnetic Theory.
New York: McGraw-
Hill, 1941.
[79]
A. Sinkov, Elementary Cryptanalysis-A Mathematical Approach.
New York: Random House, 1968.
[80]
P. Hoel, Introduction
to Mathematical Statistics, 2nd ed.
New
York: Wiley, 1954, p. 27.
[81]
R. Taetzsch, “Design of a
psi communications system,’
Int. J.
Parapsychol., vol. 4, no.
1, p. 35, Winter 1962.
Approved For Release 2003/09/10
: CIA-RDP96-00787R000700070001-9