Approved For Release 2000/0SSR GRRE TDP96-00789R002200150001-1 (U) placed it on a small empty table, and then rang a bell into the telephone, signaling to the viewer to perceive the target. The viewer than declared “yes,” “no,” or “?” and gave his response; he then received immediate feedback from the experimenter. For every trial, the experimenter made a written record of the possible targets, actual target, declared condition, and viewer response, as well as date and time of the trial. (U) The hypothesis being tested was whether Viewer 002 is able to recognize “contact” with the target. If this hypothesis is true, we would expect above-chance, below-chance, and chance results in the “yes,” “no,” and “?” conditions, respectively. The reason that we would expect below-chance results in the “no” condition is that psychoenergetic functioning is required by the viewer if he “knows” that he is not in contact with the target. In other words, the viewer is willing to declare that he is likely to be wrong. (S/NF) The trials took place at approximately the same time every day between January 5 and February 20, 1987, with a varying number of trials per day. Of 147 trials in the "yes" condition, 88 were hits, where 74 would be expected by chance. Of 59 trials in the "no" condition, 23 were hits, where 30 would be expected by chance. Of the 121 trials in the "2" condition, 66 were hits, where 61 would be expected by chance. The p-values for these three conditions are 0.01, 0.05, and 0.23, respectively. From p-values alone, it appears that the hypothesis is supported. The trend in the psychological sciences is to use some measure of "effect size" in conjunction with p-values. The reason is that p-values are sample-size dependent and, therefore, may mask important results. The “effect size" for the three conditions is 0.20, 0.21, and 0.09, respectively. This result indicates that the equivalent amount of psychoenergetic functioning was used by Viewer 002 to determine his degree of contact with the target. We are encouraged by this result because it represents a modest success toward the goal of recognizing the source of "noise" in forced-choice experiments, (U) During the second half of FY 1987, we conducted another series of trials of the forced-choice format, using the same protocol as described above but with slightly different conditions and testing a slightly different hypothesis. These trials took place from 23 February through 21 September 1987, a total of 82 sessions (one session per day at approximately the same time every day), with a varying number of trials per session. Before each session the viewer declared how he felt, and he assessed how successfully he would contact the targets in the coming 29 Approved For Release 2000/0808 <CIAERDP96-00789R002200150001-1
Approved For Release 2000/0898 peeepr96-00789R002200150001-1 (U) session. Specifically, his pre-session self-assessment would be to declare one of three conditions: (1) “a plus day,” if he felt that he would make a significant number of contacts with the targets, (2) “a minus day,” if he felt that he would not make a significant number of contacts ” with the targets, or (3) “a so-so day,” if he was not confident that he would be able to contact a significant number of targets. (U) The hypothesis being tested was whether Viewer 002 is able to assess, immediately before a series of trials, his ability to contact the targets for those trials, based on self-knowledge of his physical, emotional, and mental well-being at that time. If this hypothesis is true, we might expect above-chance, below-chance, and chance results (on the average) in the “plus day,” “minus day,” and “so-so day” conditions, respectively. (S/NF) Of 311 trials conducted on "plus" days, 174 were hits, where 156 would be expected by chance. Of 484 trials conducted on "minus" days, 243 were hits, where 242 would be expected by chance. Of 546 trials conducted on "so-so" days, 322 were hits, where 273 would be expected by chance. The sum of trials in all three conditions was 1,341, with 739 hits, where 671 would be expected by chance. The p-values (with continuity corrections) for these three conditions are 0.02, 0.48, and 1.3 x 10-5, respectively: the p-value for the sum of all three conditions is 0.0001. From the p-values alone, it appears that the hypothesis is supported for the "plus" days, and that the viewer did better than expected for the "minus" and "so-so" days. The z-scores (with continuity corrections) for the three conditions are 2.04, 0.045, and 4.15, respectively; the z-score for the sum of all three conditions is 3.71. The effect size for the three conditions are 0.12, 0.002, and 0.18, respectively; the effect size for the sum of all three conditions is 0.10. At this time the interpretation of these results is difficult. Since the best effect size seen in these series is of the order of 0.20, a saturation effect might be in force (i.e., the best Viewer 002 can produce in a binary experiment is an effect size of 0.20). 23. (U) Objective F, Task 11--MDS and RV Data Analysis (U) In experimental studies of remote viewing, the analysis of the resulting data for accuracy and information content has used techniques based on rankings by judges and encodings of targets and responses with sets of descriptors. Geographical locations have 30 Approved For Release 200022 54aeeieerePr ee -00789R002200150001-1
Approved For Release ree ERP 28-00789R002200150001~1 (U) frequently been used for targets, few studies have investigated what attributes of such material are preferentially conveyed or how such perceptions are represented. Elucidation of these questions might permit the construction of improved methods of judging remote viewing experiments. The analogous problems in normal perception have been investigated by studying the structure of similarity measurements. In this study these methods were applied to the case of remote viewing. (U) In this pilot study, subjects estimated the global similarity between pairs of photographs of geographic locations. The resulting matrix of similarity values was analyzed by multidimensional scaling to give two- and three-dimensional representations of the psychological data. A method of estimating the deviation from chance expectation was developed. The results for the remote viewing pilot study were compared with structures derived by multi-dimensional scaling from a comparison study using the same targets viewed with normal visual perception. The remote viewing study shows no deviation from chance by the criterion developed here but the resulting two-dimensional semantic structure shows parallels with that from the comparison study and gives weak evidence for the existence of the underlying semantic dimensions of predominantly man-made scenes versus predominantly natural scenes and the presence versus the absence of land—water interfaces in the scenes. 24, (U) Objective G, Task 1, and Objective D, Task 1--Computer Search and Dowsing (U) One reported psychoenergetic skill, known to the general public as dowsing, is the ability to locate lost or hidden items of interest. In an effort to bring this putative ability that we call search into the laboratory, a computer~assisted search (CAS) experiment was conducted in FY 1984 and again in FY 1986. Participants scanned a computer graphics display and attempted to locate a hidden computer-generated target. In each experiment, two conditions were randomly interchanged in a balanced protocol: (1) the target was fixed in space (space condition), and (2) the target was randomly shifting locations several times each second (time condition). Both the subjects and the experimenter were blind to the condition on each trial. (S/NF) In FY 1984, five of seven participants demonstrated an above-chance ability to find targets in one of the two conditions: three in the time condition and two in the space condition. Of the 36 participants in the FY 1986 experiment, 2 showed above-chance results in the space condition and 6 in the time condition. No participant in either experiment was able to find targets in both conditions independently. 31 Approved For Release 2000/08 =@@Rep> 96 -00789R002200150001-1
Approved For Release 2000/0808 GB ’e OP 96-00789R002200150001-1 (S/NF) In FY 1987, an experiment was conducted which successfully replicated this finding. of eight participants (six experienced and two novices), one scored Significantly in the space condition, and none in the time condition. However, the two subjects who scored the best in the space condition had previously been successful in that condition, and the subject who scored best in the time condition had previously been Successful in that condition. This suggests that participants are likely to consistently do well in one condition or the other, but not both, (S/NF) Since this is the third successful laboratory replication of this experiment, it Suggests that this technique for finding a hidden target may be robust enough to use in military applications for which such information is needed, such as locating a kidnap victim in Beirut. The best subject in the FY 1987 experiment showed a reduction in the area that would need to be searched in 72% of the trials in the space condition, with an average reduction in area of 33%. Previous experiments showed even greater reductions. In real-world applications, this could represent a substantial savings in resources. (U) A second search experiment was conducted in FY 1987 to see if self~proclaimed dowsers could find a lost ship by searching a grid overlaid on a map. The object of the search was a sunken Spanish galleon called The Atocha, which was actually found in 1985. The experiment was preceded by a real-world search in which one of the participants successfully located another sunken ship by choosing the correct locations on an unmarked grid. Accompanied by SRI personnel, the participant was in a vessel anchored over the site of the wreck at the time of the experiment. The Atocha experiment was carried out with two sets of 25 trials for each of five participants, but failed to produce a single significant result. 25. (U) Objective H, Task 1--RA Effects on Single Alpha Particles (U) Due to unforeseen circumstances, the alpha particle experiment never reached a point where it was stable enough to collect data from human participants. After careful consideration of the cost to continue and the results of the other RA experiments for FY 1987, it was decided to stop work on this task. What follows is an engineering summary of the state of the system at close-out. (U) During FY 1987, SRI developed a novel, position—sensitive system to detect alpha particles. In order to reduce the cost and complexity of the system, we elected to employ 32 Approved For Release 2000f8 G7 ERGRTEMED P96-00789R002200150001-1
Approved For Release 219 NCEA S FETE HO 789R0022001 50001-1 (U) off-the-shelf components whenever possible. In particular, we chose a Hamamatsu silicon microstrip radiation detector as the key element. Although charge-sensitive preamplifiers are usually selected when using a semiconductor detector, such preamps are awkward to use in large numbers. Because we required 48 active strips, a compact LeCroy current-sensitive preamplifier and discriminator unit (2735B) was purchased. The 2735B cards were originally designed for use with wire chamber detectors but we were assured by the manufacturers that the cards could be mated with a semiconductor device. As we have learned, a substantial development effort was required to reduce the noise of the system and create an interface between the detector and the 2735B. The balance of this note describes the work which was necessary to eliminate sufficient noise to observe the alpha particles. a. (U) Initial System (1) (U) Connector Noise (U) The discriminator card is a current-sensitive preamplifier that allows the noise floor to be adjusted using the threshold control. The system uses this threshold control to calibrate the magnitude of the current pulses. One volt on the threshold line will discriminate against 2 pA of signal. If all 48 channels are high until the threshold voltage is increased to 10 volts, then the noise floor will be 20 uA. As was determined later, the alpha particles produce 40 A pulses, not visible in the original system which exhibited 48 BA of noise. The discriminator was on the outside of the vacuum chamber and was connected to the strip detector by twisted-pair ribbon cables and two vacuum feedthroughs. The contacts on the feedthrough connectors contributed 10 BA of noise each. Because there was a connector on each side of the feedthroughs, the noise contribution was 20 uA. This was determined by unplugging the connectors on each side of the feedthroughs, one at a time, and watching the threshold voltage go down 5 volts per connector (10 pA). This noise was reduced by relocating the discriminator cards inside the vacuum chamber and eliminating the feedthroughs in this part of the circuit. Now, only logic signals pass through the feedthroughs in the base plate, not the low-level, current-sensitive lines. (2) (U) Hybrid Preamplifiers (U) The wiring between the strip detector and the 2735B was originally coaxial cables below the base plate and twisted pair ribbon cable inside the chamber. To reduce the noise, the twisted pair was replaced by coax inside the chamber. When it became evident that the wire was not the problem but rather that connectors were making the noise, we decided 33 Approved For Release RO AP GSLOA:S-S4R DP BD -00789R002200150001 -1
Approved For Release 2CPRFCE ASSERT EB eer 2o tooo 1 (U) that the 2735B cards had to be placed inside the chamber. We resisted doing this initially for several reasons: ® The 2735B cards may be damaged in a high vacuum. ® Overheating may occur. ® The system may be contaminated through outgassing. (U) The heart of the 2735B is four custom hybrids called HILs. We were concerned that these sealed hybrids would not work under high vacuum, but LeCroy guaranteed us that they could even be used in deep space. The HILs require 1.5 amps at —5 volts and thus produce a great deal of heat. Without convection cooling in the vacuum chamber, overheating could make long runs impossible. To solve this, we used the strip—detector mounting plate as a heat sink and mounted the 2735B cards on it backwards, with the HILs sandwiched in between the PC board and the plate. A leaf of indium foil was inserted between the HIL and the plate to provide better heat conduction. Using the mounting plate as a heat sink, we stabilized the temperature of the HILs to 50°C. Our last reservation about mounting the HILs in a vacuum was our concern for outgassing. This would lower our vacuum pressure and distort the path of the alpha particles. However, no outgassing has yet been detected. b. (U) Pulse Processing (U) The 2735B performs to its specifications and the system noise is only 2 pA with no input. Our next task was to find out why the alpha particles were not visible at this time. Detailed analysis of the detector preamplifier circuit revealed a subtle problem not addressed by any vendors. (U) We have shown the bulk silicon of the device to be N-type, as it is in the ° Hamamatsu detector. When such a device is reverse—biased, a positive de voltage is applied to | the highly doped N+ contact. An alpha particle that enters the depletion volume (the bulk of the silicon) will generate a cloud of holes (positive charges) and electrons (negative charges) in its path. Fundamental semiconductor physics dictates that the holes will be collected at the negative—biased contact and the electrons will collect at the positive-biased contact. (U) In our microstrip detector, the fabrication of the device determined that we bias the entire unit through the N+ substrate and make individual connection to the 48 signal inputs from the P+ contacts. Therefore, the 2735B input signal was in effect biased negatively with respect to the substrate. However, as described above, the holes (i.e., positive charge) are 34 Approved For Release 4GGN@ pf SAIRPEIB-00789R002200150001-1
Approved For Release CINE E ASS TPT BB ez 20 toon (U) collected at that contact. Asa consequence, a positive current pulse was being transmitted to the input of the 2735B. (U) LeCroy’s specifications state that the 2735B card is designed for negative current pulses and will reject opposite polarity pulses up to 50 pA. (U) Using a single~channel charge-sensitive preamplifier and a nuclear spectroscopy shaping amplifier, we were able to carefully examine the alpha particle pulses generated by the microstrip detector. We determined that the charge pulse should be equivalent to a 40 BA positive current pulse. Given the rejection characteristics of the 2735B, it was clear that our positive alpha particle pulse would not be detected. (U) We elected to design a pulse-inverting circuit. Two custom PC boards with 24 pulse—inverting transformers were made and installed on the output of the strip detector. Because the current pulse’s duration is 10 ns, we selected an RF pulse transformer so the signal would not be attenuated. (U) These transformers have an output impedance of 75 ohms, which effectively short-circuited the input of the 2735B. It was necessary to add a 0.1-yF ac coupling capacitor to the circuit. At this point, the alpha particles became visible as a normal distribution on the computer screen for the first time. c. (U) Present System Performance (U) After these modifications were made to the system, the noise floor was brought down to 24 pA and discriminated away. Only signals larger than 24 A will be seen by the computer. The system can now see the alpha particles in real time, and is sensitive enough to use as a tool to see any system noise. The noise has been greatly reduced; however, noiseless performance outside of the alpha particle beam has not yet been attained. Two types of noise have been found and need to be eliminated for an infinite signal-to-noise ratio. These types are as follows: @ Spurious, intermittent, random noise. ® Parallel noise pulses. (1) (U) Random Noise (U) There is a rare, random event that shows up intermittently in random places. In the data presented at the end of this paper, the alpha particles are very visible © 35 Approved For Release 49qQl@s pA SRL RPEIG-00789R002200150001-1
Approved For Release 200 PRICE AS STR BTR 7290022001 50001-1 (U) in the middle with a few single noise pulses randomly dispersed. This random noise is produced by defects in the silicon strip detector. Detectors can be specially selected for their low noise characteristics and a new detector could be purchased to eliminate these sporadic, individual noise pulses. (2) (U) Parallel Noise 1, DC Line Noise (U) Another anomaly in the system is a de noise pulse that intermittently pulses every, channel simultaneously. This is referred to as a parallel noise pulse and it can be caused only by an event that affects all 48 channels in parallel. The discriminator power supplies, threshold voltage supply, and the strip detector high voltage supply are all connected to the 48 lines and could be a common source of noise. A noise pulse on one of the voltage lines could induce this type of noise pattern. Such noise is found when the telephone is used. If the telephone is lifted off the hook, it induces several parallel noise pulses in the system and increases the count on each channel. A ringing telephone will not affect the experiment but, as a precaution, the telephones were forwarded whenever data was collected. 2. AC Line Noise (U) The power line was the next suspect point for ac line noise getting into the system. All electronic equipment was plugged into a single power line filter/conditioner, including the computer, CAMAC crate, and the discriminator power supply. When overloading the conditioner reduced its effectiveness, the computer and CAMAC crate were removed from the conditioner and plugged into the wall. The discriminator power supply and voltage threshold supply were left on the power-line conditioner to reduce any noise to the charge-sensitive electronics. To help filter low frequency noise on the high-voltage bias line of the Strip detector, an RC filter was used with a time constant of 100 ms. d. (U) Electro-Magnetic Noise (U) The sensitive inputs of the discriminator make it vulnerable to electro-magnetic pickup. The presence of a large electro-magnetic field could account for the induction of a parallel noise pulse being induced in the output wire that connects to the discriminator input and acts as a receiving antenna. Shielded coaxial cables were used at first, but their capacitance affected the charge-sensitive inputs of the discriminator. Shielding the bell jar of the vacuum system, where all the charge sensitive electronics are held, helped shield the 36 Approved For Release 49Gb § GIR FI9-00789R002200150001-1
Approved For Release 20PPRFCE MOS TRT R907 89R002200150001-1 (U) discriminator inputs from the environmental noise. Using the metal mesh cage around the glass bell jar as a Faraday shield and covering it with aluminum foil helped to increase the noise immunity to high-frequency noise injection inside the chamber. To reduce emitted EMI, the computer and printer were removed from the CAMAC rack and placed 15 feet away from the experiment. This did not change the system noise and the computer was put back in the rack. e. ECL Logic Levels (U) Another problem that could be causing the parallel noise pulse is a weak ECL logic level on the discriminator outputs. The ECL output voltage is lower than specified but is just within operating range. There is a 200-mV, 60-Hz ac sine wave riding on the logic output. Combining the low logic level with the 60-Hz noise puts the logic level right on the edge of the threshold between a logic 1 and 0. A very small signal on this line, such as an environmental event, could be just enough to lower all logic levels. The weak logic level on the discriminator output is not being caused by the coincidence register or the parallel OR gate loading it down. The logic levels do not change when the registers are disconnected; loading the 2735B has no effect. f. (U) Ground Loops (U) As the system noise diminished, it became apparent that ground loops were being created by a grounding strap connecting all pieces of the system together. Eliminating this strap reduced the noise floor another 4 pA. g. (U) Alpha Particle Distribution (U) The uneven distribution of the alpha particles is not inherent in the system, but rather in the curium 244 source. Tests were performed to verify that the detector strip numbers 1-48 are the same as computer channels 1-48. This indicates that the lines are properly matched. When the source is moved a couple of millimeters, the alpha particle pattern moves as well. This indicates that the strip detector is still functioning correctly. The two collimating screens inside the curium source, or the curium itself, could have shifted slightly inside the housing. This could explain the uneven distribution of alpha particles shown in the data. 37 Approved For Release 200) NbO$ ACS SHIPHEEE00789R002200150001-1
Approved For Release 24FNCE ASS RPT PPO789R002200150001 -1 (U) The following data represent a sample of each type of noise. The data were taken over a period of one-half hour with threshold voltage set at 15 volts and the curium source set at a distance of 1 cm, urious, intermittent, random noise 1-16 0 O08 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 #0 17-32 0 0 0 9 0 0 0 30 36 833 3 4 78 O 14 0 33-48 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 060 0 60 060 1 0 1 «0 Parallel noise pulses 1-16 O 1 14 14 t 1 1 if 14 241 01 4 4 1 ~«41 17-32 1 1 1 0 14 2 0 40 22 848 0 8 71 1 #413 1 33-48 1 #1 1 1 21 1 14 «4 1 1 1 21 4 24 «14 «21 The following is a chart of eight, one-half-hour sessions compiled with all the random noise pulses displayed on the same histogram, and with the curium source present but subtracted from the data: 33-48 0 0 90 1 1 0 0 90 0 0 0 0 1 0 6 0O h. (U) Proposed System Testing And Modifications (U) We are now able to demonstrate the presence of the alpha particle beam well above the noise floor. Three different software packages have been debugged and can be used to give us maximum flexibility in the way we collect and display the data. Both types of noise still exist but we now have a better understanding of the noise and the limitations of the system. In order to meet the requirements of the RA experiments, the alpha particle system must be noiseless except for the beam. In order to examine and, if possible, exclude all remaining noise, the following tests and modifications are suggested: 38 Approved For Release 24g¢N€id8 ASS RPRB &0789R002200150001-1
Approved For Release 2OPPRACE ACS STPT BFPO” 89R002200150001-1 (U) ® Separate vacuum system and CAMAC crate/electronics by 10-20 feet. e Monitor outlying random noise channel with charge-sensitive (pulse shape) electronics. ® Retest, examine, and, if necessary, modify 2735B to increase the ECL logic to -2 volts. ® Purchase a new, microstrip detector selected for low-noise characteristics. Price $3,000, with delivery in 3~6 months. ® Slowly and carefully move detector connections on present microstrip device to examine the noise performance of all 48 strip combinations. © Using EMI equipment and appropriate spectrum analyzers,. retest the ambient electro-magnetic noise environment. (1) (U) Detector Instrumentation (U) During FY 1986, all necessary detector apparatus was specified and purchased, or was fabricated. During the first half of FY 1987, this equipment was tested for use in the proposed RA experiment and modified or improved where necessary. The radioactive source has been verified using a separate detector system, and was found to be in the range of ~ 100 counts per second, which will be adequate for the experiment. The operation of the multiple-strip detector system has also been tested using a single-channel preamplifier unit and . found to be functioning properly when the system noise has been filtered by an appropriate amplifier time constant. Principal difficulties encountered in the pilot work with the detector centered on proper alignment of 48 parallel channels and suppression of electronic noise pickup from the environment. The first problem was solved by careful checking and rerouting all wires, vacuum feedthrough connectors, and computer register inputs. Noise interference has been suppressed by several techniques, including identifying and removing ground loops, establishing a substantial ground plane next to the detector, supplying a shielded connector inside the vacuum chamber, and replacing twisted pair wires with coaxial cable. (2) (U) Data Display (U) With the help of an SRI Geoscience and Engineering Center specialist in real-time computer systems, the LSI 11/23 computer, the Computer Automated Measurement and Control (CAMAC) interface, and data inputs have been made operational. We now are able to identify which of 48 possible detector strips have been activated, save those data, and rapidly reinitialize the system for another cycle. The information is then transmitted via the CAMAC interface to the LSI 11/23 computer, where it is stored in a memory buffer, then 39 Approved For Release 20Q0NE@Ob Ac$SH Bt Bd2)0789R002200150001-1
Approved For Release PRICED SSRPETS-00789R002200150001-1 (U) shown on a video—display screen. In parallel, the pattern of activated strips for all 48 locations is printed for later inspection. At present, this process is repeated each time any detector strip has been enabled. (3) (U) Artifactual Influences (U) We have initiated environmental measurements of potential sources of artifact, which may influence the flight of the particles or may add extra noise to the electronics. The room in which the apparatus is located also contains a transmission electron microscope (TEM), with its attendant high-voltage power supply and typical industrial fluorescent lighting-—as well as the video-display terminal and other computer equipment. Measurements of magnetic-field transients indicated a need for some shielding near the detector apparatus. This shield will served to suppress ambient electric fields§ A TOPAZ power conditioner was purchased and installed to suppress or eliminate power line surges resulting from switching of other nearby apparatus such as the TEM mentioned above. The unit meets severe IEEE and Mil-Std specifications for noise and transient suppression, and appears to have successfully eliminated such problems. 26. (U) Objective H, Task 2--RA Effects on a Few-Photon Quantum System (U) We have used a single-photon interferometer to examine the role of consciousness in the state vector collapse. The result was that an “irreversible act of amplification” does not require consciousness. The implication is that RA is, at least, not a necessary condition in nature. 27. (U) Objective H, Task 3 and 3a--RA Effects on Strain Gauges (U) In FY 1986, a joint venture was begun to examine possible remote action (RA) effects on piezoelectric transducers. Participants were recruited, evaluated, and trained, by researchers from John F. Kennedy University. SRI International developed an experimental RA system, and prepared a well-characterized environment for formal experimental sessions. (U) During the pilot phase, transducer signals were observed under sufficiently controlled conditions to warrant continued investigation. During FY 1987, significant improvements were made to the protocol, system hardware and software, and control environments. A separate report reviews the FY 1986 pilot study and details the elaborate and necessary precautions undertaken during FY 1987 to prevent or understand the sources of artifact. No evidence for RA was observed in this experiment. 40 Approved For Release 200 @@13AGS HeHsBo0789R002200150001-1
Approved For Release PPR n: EERE IG 00789R0022001 50001-1 28. (U) Objective I, Task 1--Meta-Analysis of RNG Data Base (U) This work is being conducted under subcontract with Psychophysical Research Laboratories (PRL) in Princeton, New Jersey. The PRL Purchase Order Contract was let August 4, 1987 with the first deliverable due at the end of the first quarter of FY 1988. 29. (U) Objective I, Task 2--Test of IDS Model with “Dynamic” Systems (U) A computer test of the Intuitive Data Sorting (IDS) model has been carried forward from the FY 1986 tasking. The primary reason for this delay was that only one out of the 100 individuals tested was able to demonstrate psychoenergetic ability during the FY 1986 screening phase. Because the IDS model is such an important model for the program at large, we will continue to screen for talented participants. (U) A modification to the computer program was made in order to provide information about the details of the button-press timing. Because of the nature of pseudorandom number generators, adjacent seeds do not produce nearly identical sequences. Thus, the remarkable 1-ms timing reported by Radin and May® appears to be a methodological artifact. We incorporated a simple seed transformation in order to have the significant seeds be evenly spaced in time. Thus, the IDS experiment is expected to yield results with regard to the model, as well as with regard to human timing ability under psychoenergetic conditions. 30. (U) Objective I, Task 3--Host Theory Conferences (U) No theory conference was held during FY 1987. 31. (U) Objective I, Task 4--Princeton Conference (U) In FY 1987, SRI International awarded a subcontract to the Princeton University Engineering Anomalies Research Laboratory (PEAR). The purpose of that subcontract was to organize and host a conference of SRI Cognitive Science Program staff, subcontractors, and designated consultants. The conference was held at Princeton’s Scanticon Conference Center on April 9-10, 1987, to discuss the topic “What constitutes proof of a controversial claim?” Thirty-one persons attended the conference. There was also an after dinner speaker each evening. A separate report contains an SRI assessment of the conference. Following the conference, the PEAR staff prepared a conference proceedings.’ 41 Approved For Release 209 ND6748A G4 REF B00789R002200150001 -1
SG1B Approved For Release 2000/L RE ESE -FDP96-00789R002200150001-1 32. (U) FY 1986 Objective E, Task 1--PMT Final (S/NF) We conducted a replication of work published in FY 1984 in which we experimentally examined the possibility that light is emitted in the vicinity of correctly identified remote viewing target material. In that earlier experiment, a state-of-the-art, ambient temperature, photon-counting system was used to monitor the target material (35—mm slides of National Geographic photographs). The statistical measure derived from the photon counting apparatus in that study showed a significant positive correlation with the RV results (p <0.035). That is, when the remote viewing was good, there was an increase in the signal detected by the photon-counting system. In addition, we observed two anomalous pulses having a signal-to-noise ratio of about 20 or 40:1. In the present experiment (FY 1987), we improved all hardware aspects of the previous work, substantially reducing the background noise level and improving shielding against artifact. In addition, analysis of the remote viewing indicates that three out. of the four viewers produced independently Significant results. (S/NF) Our analysis of the PMT data shows no evidence of any anomalous high-count-rate pulses, no evidence of any effect on the PMT output during the RV session, and no evidence of any significant correlation between RV performance and PMT output. We conclude that (1) suggest that the significant correlation observed in our 1984 study is either a statistical anomaly or the result of Intuitive Data Sorting on the part of the experimenters. 33. (U) Objective J, Task 1--Administrative Support (U) There are no deliverables required for this Task. 34. (U) Objective J, Task 2--Publications (U): There are no deliverables required for this Task. 35. (U) Objective J, Task 3--Computer Hardware/Software Maintenance (U) SRI has negotiated a contract with Sun Microsystems that offers software maintenance and support coverage at a greatly reduced rate to all Sun users at SRI. The overall 42 Approved For Release 2000/Q:SmMeRMEMD P96-00789R002200150001-1
Approved For Release 2E9 RFE 4EA SS TEE 90 789R002200150001-1 (U) cost of the contract will be shared by those requesting coverage, and thus the cost to the project is not yet known. Nonetheless, the cost will be at least 50% less than previously paid. (U) Since the beginning of FY 1987, approximately $7,000 has been spent for hardware repairs to monitors, video controller boards, and power supplies. In the past, it has been more expensive to buy hardware maintenance coverage than to pay for individual repairs. Currently, SRI is negotiating a hardware maintenance contract with Sun to cover all Sun systems at SRI, this contract is expected to be as advantageous as the software contract. Once this agreement is in place, key nodes in the system will be placed on a hardware maintenance contract. (U) Of the 13 Sun Microsystems workstations used by the group, all are in working order, and only one is off line-—pending the completion of software and hardware modifications to the tachistiscope experiment. (U) When the Sun 3/280 file server was brought on line in mid-March, the most recent version of the UNIX operating system (Version 3.2) was installed. The most recent version of the Unify data base program (Version 2.0), along with a new window-based interface (SunSimplify), will be installed in mid-April. Unlike the old data base system, which was slow and complex, the Unify system will provide rapid and easy access to data from any workstation on the network. 36. (U) Objective J, Task 4--Upgrade Computer Hardware (U) No new computer upgrades were made during the second half of FY 1987. 37. (U) Objective J, Task 5--Additional RA Experimental Hardware (U) No new substantial RA hardware was purchased during the second half of FY 1987. 38. (U) Objective J, Task 6--Travel (U) There are no deliverables required for this task. 43 Approved For Release 2Qgq U8 AGS REFE p0789R002200150001-1
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Approved For Release 2E9 NG C12 A SS FE fy 0789R002200150001-1 IV ADMINISTRATIVE COMMENTS (U) (U) Peter J. McNelis and Edwin C. May separately set priorities for the Statement of Work for FY 1987. McNelis set priorities on an Objective/Task basis, while May prioritized on a level-of-effort basis for deliverables. The assignment definitions, which were formally agreed upon, are as follows: McNELIS MAY A Must do 1 Major formal report B Should do 2 ~~ Pilot, exploratory, approximately 3 to 5 pages C Postpone 3 Wild guess, few paragraphs 0 Postpone. (U) Table 3 summarizes the assignments on a task-by-task basis. Table 3 (U) PRIORITY/DELIVERABLE ASSIGNMENTS FOR FY 1987 RV RA Rating Task Name Rating Task Name B3 A4 Physical Correlation Al El Delaware B3 Di —— Dowsing ; B2 E2 Mind Science Al Fla RV/Precognition A2 H1 Alpha~Particle Al Fib Feedback + SL Tachistoscope Al H2 OM Photon A2 F2 Video Disk Al H3 JFK A2 F3 Advanced Training Al li IDS-Dynamic B2 F4 Training Concepts A2 J2 RA-Hardware B3 F5 Stimulus/Response Correlation A] H3a_ SRI Part of JFK B2 F6 Hypnosis A3 F7 Special Targets B3 F9 europsychology B2 F110 Analytics G1 Computer Search TECH SUPPORT GENERAL Rating Task Name Rating Task Name Al Al SOC Design A3 13 Theory Conference Al A2 SOC Assessment Al 14 Subs Conference Al A3 RV Analysis Al Ji Administration B2 Bl Librar A3 J2 Publications A2 C1 Med/Psych Baselines A3 J6 Travel Al C2 MARS A3 J? Additional SRI Staff C3 C3 PAS Review Al F8 Physiology Conference A2 Fil MDS Al 1 PRL A3 J3 Computer Maintenance J4 Computer Hardware UNCLASSIFIED 46 Approved For Release 2Qg@§@8AG4 REE H00789R002200150001-1
Approved For Release INCE AWERP Taps 782%002200150001-1 (U) In a separate memorandum, several FY 1987 task changes and task interpretations were formally authorized. These changes are summarized in Tables 4 and 5. Table 4 (U) AUTHORIZED TASK CHANGES TO FY 1987 STATEMENT OF WORK TASK CHANGE ORIGINAL SOW E&M correlates to dowsing “Applications” for novice viewers MEG with Los Alamos UNCLASSIFIED SRI portion of JFK Develop video “mass” screening Physiology Conference Table 5 Provide recognition of significant SRI participation in the JFK project Augment talented viewer pool More effective search for physiology correlates (U) AUTHORIZED INTERPRETATIONS OF FY 1987 STATEMENT OF WORK TASK INTERPRETATION Precognitive RV Abstract to real-world target link UNCLASSIFIED Subliminal Perception To include real-time Continue FY 1986 feedback experiment Continue FY 1986 computer search activity 47 Balanced protocol Experiment contains SL Necessary pilot phase for link investigation Approved For Release 200PNROB ACS] Ft £49 0789R002200150001-1
Approved For Release 2Q0—G420B ACYSIRP PR Ep 0789R002200150001-1 V PROJECT MILESTONE CHART (VU) (U) Table 6 is the overall project milestone chart for FY 1987. Table 6 (U) ENHANCED HUMAN PERFORMANCE INVESTIGATION--FY 1987 QUARTER | Objective A-~Protocols: —}—_}—__} Design Tako L—__| |_| re es pf re re ee en ee a ee Profiling . Task 2 Task 3 es ee rr ee ee ea Objective E--Continue RA Task 1 a a ee Experiments Taeey b | | |) Objective F--RV Parameters Task 1 pf fs tee BOS Task 3 Ly Task 4 Key* <i] Task 6 f—_| “2 End With Deliverable | Task 7 | ° Deliverable _> Task 8 P| © _End w/o Deliverable _> Task 9 UNCLASSIFIED * Tasks with no beginning indicator ( >) are continuations of an FY 1986 effort. 48 Approved For Release MN hLA SSLEDEQ .00789R002200150001-1