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that the receiver meant DirectedEnergy even though it was not specifically mentioned. All items that are
specifically mentioned receive an R(ft) = 1. Notice that we included all items mentioned by the receiver
regardless if the item was present in the target. We set their relative weights all equal to one.
lb arrive at a meaningful number from these data, we use fuzzy set formalism (May, Utts, Humphrey,
Luke, Frivold, and Trask, 1990b). We compute the accuracy and the reliability of the response to the
target system. The accuracy is the fraction of items in the target that were described correctly, and the
reliability is the fraction of items in the response that were present in the target system. It is possible to
obtain a very accurate description with poor reliability. Suppose the receiver inserted an encyclopedia
as his or her response. In principle, nearly all aspects of the target might be mentioned; however, a large
number of response items would not be present in the target. Thus the certification number, the value
which may be used to describe the quality of the response, must be related to both the accuracy and the
reliability. Formally, the accuracy and reliability are defined by:
^Wj Min^HRjifi)]
Accuracy =
J-l
J>, Mn[T»,R»]
Reliability = —
/“I
(1 )
where N is the total number of elements in the evaluation form; Tj and Rj are the target and response
score for element ;; and Wj is the product of the within-group weight, w, and the group weight* For ex*
ample, in the Functions group the w are equal to the JFbecause the functions weight is one. Since the
Relationships group weight is ft 75, the within-group weights shown in Table 4 must all be multiplied by
ft 75 to form the Wj for those elements in this group.
To be sensitive to the interplay between Accuracy and Reliability , we propose that Certification = Accu-
racy x Reliability.
To illustrate the use the Equations 1, we demonstrate how to compute these items using only the data we
show in Table 4. We find ih^ Accuracy = ft 744. the Reliability — ft 764, and Certification = ft 568. Ran-
dom utterances compared to random targets roughly yield 0.3 for both Accuracy and Reliability. That is
approximately 1/3 of whatever is said can be found in any target and 1/3 of any target can be described
regardless what is said. An approximate minimum Certification of ft 1 would represent chance matches.
Anything above 0.3 would can be considered as solid evidence of “contact” with the target even in an
application setting.
SGI B
5. Research Methodology and Support
Besides our usual activity with our Scientific Oversight Committee, who review our technical protocols
prior to experiments, and our Institutional Review Board, who review our procedures with regard to the
ethical use of human subjects
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III. GLOSSARY
Not all the terms defined below are germane to this report, but they are included here for completeness.
In a typical anomalous mental phenomena (AMP) task, we define:
• Anomalous Cognition (AC)—A form of information transfer in which all known sensorial stimuli are
absent. That is, some individuals are able to gain access to information by an as yet unknown process.
• Agent—An individual who attempts to influence a target system.
• Analyst—An individual who provides a quantitative measure of AC.
• AP—A form of interaction with matter in which all known physical mechanisms are absent. That is,
some individuals are able to influence matter by an as yet unknown process.
• Feedback—After a response has been secured, information about the intended target is displayed to
the receiver.
• Monitor—An individual who monitors an AC session to facilitate data collection.
• Protocol—A template for conducting a structured data collection session.
• Receiver—An individual who attempts to perceive and report information about a target.
• Response—Material that is produced during an AC session in response to the intended target.
• Sender/Beacon—An individual who, while receiving direct sensorial stimuli from an intended target,
acts as a putative transmitter to the receiver.
• Session—A time period during which AC data are collected.
• Specialty—A given receiver’s ability to be particularly successful with a given class of targets (e.g.,
people as opposed to buildings).
• Thrget—An item that is the focus of an AMP task (e.g., person, place, thing, event).
• Target Designation—A method by which a specific target, against the backdrop of all other possible
targets, is identified to the receiver (e.g., geographical coordinates).
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Autonomic Detection of Remote Observation:
Two Conceptual Replications
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