amma ° Approved For Release 2001/03/07 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000200650020-3 DEFENSE INTELLIGENCE AGENCY WASHINGTON, D.C. 20301 TRANSLATION 44 . . . REQUESTER TRANSLATOR'S INITIALS | TRANSLATION NUMBER |DATE COMPLETED DT-S WG LN201-91 22 Apr 91 J LANGUAGE GEOGRAPHIC AREA (If different from place of publication Chinese China ENGLISH TITLE OF TRANSLATION PAGE NOS. TRANSLATED FROM ORIG 00C. Instructional Material Of The Qigong Medical School full text Introduction to Chinese Qigong FOREIGN TITLE OF TRANSLATION AUTHOR(S} FOREIGN TITLE OF DOCUMENT Come leony if different from title of Ma Li-Di PUBLISHER DATE AND PLACE OF PUBLICATION Beiging Chinese Immunology Research Cente China COMMENTS TRANSLATION bia Form SAPpPPOVed For Release 2001/03/07 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000200650020-3
Approved For Release 2001/03/07 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000200650020-3 LN 291-91 INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIAL OF THE QIGONG MEDICAL SCHOOL INTRODUCTION TO CHINESE QIGONG by Ma Li-Da Eeijing Chinese Immunology Research Center (Qigong is "a system of ceep breathing exercises" added here by the translator} Approved For Release 2001/03/07 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000200650020-3
Approved For Release 2001/03/07 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000200650020-3 LN 201-91 INTRODUCTION TO CHINESE QIGONG MA LI-DA February 1087 I. STRENGTHEN THE CHINESE QIGONG POSSESSING CHARACTERISTICS OF CUT COUNTRY The Chinese qigong was born several thousand years ago, but since then it has been born anew as the crystal of our country's working people's wisdom. At the same time, it declares that, the gigong which was made mystical and monstrous by the feudal superstition and so that eoura not be understood, is finished and dead. From the old stage cf naturally developing, the Chinese qigong has come to a fresh new era in which researches are conducted using modern scientific means. Our country's qigong possessing our country's special characteristics is Gifferent frem he cle weak traditional gigong in that, it has not only its own unique thecries and ractices but also it has been gradually preved as the results of basic theoretical researches. Te is closed related with modern sciences and mo@ern mecical sciences. with its cwn scientific disciplines, it will serve our ccuntry's constructicn cf socialism and development of scientific development of the world. Various areas of stucies are born and grow and are affected by social bachgrounds. The chines gigong study was proposed at the Eleventh Party Congress Third Plenary Session, and it has become a_cystematic policy of the Party. Since the First National Qigong Pesearcn Conference in August 1981, various branches of the qigong study have coordinated ard cooperated and exchangec their research on basic functions of "qigong." In five years in the enterprise of our country's qigong research, three branches have been organized. Erom the Chinese Qigong Research Conference the National Meéical Qigong Asscciation, the Chinese (Many fielcs) Qigong Research Association and the National Gymnastic Gigong Research Association cf the Chinese Medical. Association have been develcped. Thus, a broad road has been built for spreading and developing the Chinese qigong possessing firmly unique Chinese characteristics. II. CHINESE QIGONG AND MOLERN SCIENCES The birth and development of Chinese cigong, like cther tific kncewledge, represents the resuits af tong term struggle nkind with the nature and environment (both “world and micro-world). Because of this, one branch of etua ins various broad fields; its basic research orientaticn is kW idVed Por Reeass'3601763/07: GI RSP96-00792 3000200660020-3 rs a fs Mm e on B = ae) Me 4 Es} Oo M tha PQ ry m oo = 0} wt
Approved For Release 2001/03/07 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000200650020-3 LN 201-91 (chemistry, physics, and physiology) but it has developec. to apply molecule and micro biology, electronics, electrochemistry, magnetism, microwave and mathematics; and it penetrates inte and merges into various fields of sciences. It has deeply penetrates so that its relationships and functions with macro-world and micro- world can be explored. In view of birth and change of knowledge structure, current etatus of the topics and emergence of new expression forms due to academic interdiscipline, its major types can be classifiec into the following six kinds: 1. Frontier science: It points to the science where two or three fields are interrelated , penetrates and forms the leading ecge 2. Transversing science: This is the science which makes it ite object of study concernin cartain uncommon aspects of structural layers and forms of movements of various susstances. 3, Comprehensive sciences: These are those sciences that nf particular problems and or goals as their research objects. j these problems ere complex, a given science alone cannot fulfil objective of research; consequently. it is necessary to combine ana apply theories, methods and techniques of many sciences in order to solve the problems. a a re 4. Soft sciences: These are high level synthetic and resourceful sciences. Their research objects ao not involve natural phenomena anc scientific techniques, but they involve human and social factors which have mutual relations and mutual functions in various social phenomena. 5 Comparative sciences: Comparative sciences refer to the wie totality of various comparative studies. 6, Other newly developing sciences. Under the above-menticned situations of new scientific and technological revolution, along with scientific developments, has appeared the modern Chinese qigong science which contains the aharacteristics of comprehensiveness and also containing our country's characteristics. TTL. CHINESE QIGONG SCIENCE AND MODERN MEDICAL SCIENCE Recause of the revolution of new technologies, especially life science and technology having reached widely the field of medicine, human capability has developed towards non-human fields; these developments have presented us new problems. New technological revolution has brought great shocks upon medical sciences; changes in medical patterns have produced extreme:y profound influences upon medical science. Because of this, width and depth of medical Approved For Release 2001/03/07 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000200650020-3 3
Approved For Release 2001/03/07 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000200650020-3 LN 201-91 knowledge have fundamental differences from the previous medical ecience; their categories encompass both natural and social sciences. Scientific developments and interrelations among sciences are becoming increasingly evident; those fields formerly not closely related with medical science have begun to become closely related with medical science; medical science also traverses basic knowledge day by day. Thus, basic knowledge expand horizontally and thus cause knowledge structures to make important changes. Eased on the above-mentioned changing situations, medical professional knowledge arrangements follow biomedical models and evolve ta bio-psycho-social medical models; thus changing the original medical profeecsional knowledge arrangements. Applications of new technologies have brought abcut many prcblems. How well the new trencs will be adjusted demands the medical circle te understand basic and applied medicine but also understand technological knowledge cf other fields. The arrangements of technological knowleage have already caused medical experts to necesiary arrangements, but along with the new technological revolution and development, reliance upon scientific technology of the medical science is increasingly evident. Varicus scientific technologies have been transplanted into medical sciences and diagnostic and therapeutic means have become modern, like electronic microscopes, X-ray computer fault scanning, nuclear nagnetic resonance, B-type ultra sound, etc. Uneder the trend of new technological revolution, the Chinese gigong study represents one of the sciences having characteristics cf comprehensive science. And, development of modern medicine requires developing the Chinese qigong science in the field of medical research. Iv. BRIEF HISTORY OF CHINESE QIGONG AND OUTLINE OF THE STUDY The Chinese qigong study originated from the human beings ’ long struggle against diseases. As early as several thousand years ‘ago, according to the writing of (Luzi String and Autumn Annals (Chungiu) . Guyue): At the beginning of Taotang Tribe (the tribe to which Yao-Shun belonged), they had much rain and rivers flooded, tides were wet and cold; consequently, people's mood was stagnant and blood was silted, bones and muscles were tired and uneasy; "therefore, they danced {zuowu) and called it dao." "Zuowu"” is the first form of daoyin. Qigong ig our country's oldest "daoyin, "daoyin-xingqi," sometimes called briefly "dao," "yin", and it the part of xingqi is called " tuna (pushing out and admitting)." Consequently, qigong is the result of ancient pecple's etruggle against bad environment and their own sickness.: Qigong has made itself a discipline, and come with its theory and practice. Results of experiments are the experiences and Lessons Learned Ber formed radually during several thousands proved For Release 2001/03/07 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000200650020-3 4
Approved For Release 2001/03/07 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000200650020-3 LN 201-91 years. The first recorded letters related with qigong were found going back to the early Era of Warring States ( about 380 B.C.) in (Xingqi-yuyongming;. In this document it is written: "In xinggi, deepness is accumulation; accumulation is stretching; stretching is bottom; bottom is settled; settling is solid; solid is budding; budding is long; long is returning; returning is heaven, Heaven is above; earth is below. Obeying is removing; sending is dying." In (The Era of Slavery System) Comrade Guo Mco- ruo said as follows: "Breath in deep means its volume is large, and makes it go down and stretch and is settled to be solid; then breath out. Like budding of grasses and plants, going upward and it takes the opposite route of that cf getting in deep, and gets out and retreating to the peak. In this manner, the heaven makes to easy to move up, while the earth makes it easy to move down. Following this means going; being against it means death." What has been said means that, it already menticned about a kind of disciplined and adjusted breathing method, which is 4 kind of tranquility skills. During the Qin Dynasty (221-207 B.C.) and the Han Dynasty (2C6 - 3.5. 220), Gigong became a kind of therapy of the Chinese medicine; and there were already professional writings and at the same tine it was transmittec tc the mess and spread widely. For example, (Hanshuzhiwenzhi; . (Huangti-Zazibu} twelve volumes and (Huangti-Zibaianmo) ten volumes. Among the medical books copied on silk discovered in 1973 from the Zhangsha Mawangdui Han tomb there were two volumes cencerning qigong. one volume wrote about breathing dacyin curing many diseases and the breathing methods required during the curing; Gifferent methods for curing different sicknesses. And the other volume was a book of diagrams; it had about 40 pieces cf pictures showing various hody movements and postures. Each picture had writings for explanation. From these pictures anc explanations, it is possible to see that different kinds of sicknesses required different methods of qigong therapies; this has embodied principles and characteristics of dialectic of ‘-inese medicine. After the Qin and Han Dynasties, during the time cf the Northern and Southern Dynasties (420-589), Tao Hong-jing newly arranged historical sources into (Yangxing-Yanming-Lu--Book on increasing strength ana prclonging life). During the era of Sui Dynasty (581-618) and Tang Dynasty. (618-307), qigong was approved to incorporate it as an indispensable method of mecical practice. Since then throughout Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, many famous medical books contained discussions related with qigong. From the above, it can be seen that, theories and practices of Chinese qigong have been the results of wisdom of working people throughout several thousand years from ancient times of Ging and Han to Song, Yuan, and te Ming and Qing dynasties. They have made certain contributions te national defense, basic medicine, clinical nedicines and their developments. v.06 Present Status cf Chinese Qigong Science Every science has things and events existing in 4 certain Approved For Release 2001/03/07 : GIA-RDP96-00792R000200650020-3
Approved For Release 2001/03/07 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000200650020-3 LN 201-91 defined territory as its own objects of study; and it has founda certain unique objective regularities of the things and events within the given territory, and then it uses these objective reqularities to serve the society. In the above, we discussed relations of Chinese qigong science with modern sciences and modern medical sciences. "oi" discussed in Chinese gigong sciance is not merely energy capability and Capacity of human body, but it encompasses energy cf capability of body ang energy of intellectual capability, like energies already known in physics such as electricity, heat, magnetic, sounds, light, infrared rays, etc.; it is also possible that here can be still unknown energies and information. “All of these are problems deservire coneiderations. The basis cf chinese gigong science has inseparable relationship with chinese nedical sciences. One schclar argued that Chinese medical science has gone through three breakthroughs in the history. The first of these started during the times cf the Spring anc Autumn Period (770-476 E.c.) and the Warring States (475- 221 B.c.). During this period, under influences of materialistic views and naive dialectic ideas generated by many schoiare, medical professionals developed medical science from the theories, adopting sufficiently achievements cf satural and social sciences of that time, transplanting many such as ideas of yinyang-wuxing (five elements) and jing (energy, spirit), gi (vital energy), shen (spirit, mind), ete. Thus they covered and synthesized several thousand years’ human mecical curing experiences and Formed a comprehensive theoretical system of Chinese medical science reiating life phenomena, diseases cf human body and their treatments, And, thus they produced (Huangti Neijing), which is a brilliant great book. The book made it to develop into clinical medicine, started experiences of curing diseases with plant medicines, further developed into curing using many liquid forms, thus improving curing effects. They accelerated the medicine to break away from mysterious sorcery, and made medical theories and acupunctural techniques to be applied to drugs and pushed them into a new stage. Then thereafter numerous facts were proved and developed regularities objectively existing such as jingluo (main and collateral channels, regarded as a network of passages, through which vital energy circulates and along which the acupuncture points are distributed), zangxizng (state of internal organs), tianren-xiangying (heaven and men corresponding tc each other), etc. This represented the first scientific and technological breakthrough. To consider the causes of this breakthrough: On the one hand, there were many scholars rose and there was created an environment in which many scholars could debate and argue their thecries and technologies. Sn the other hand, it is due to the fact that Chinese medicine belonged to the ancient natural science's unified thecretical system, thus this Fact made it to be sufficiently open and had advantages to mutually penetrate into many Fields cf sciences each other. The second major development came when Zhang Zong~-jin completed it toward the end of the Eastern Han (25-220). His book entitled (fhanghan-Zabing-Lun -~ diseases caused by harmful ccid Approved For Release 2001/03/07 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000200650020-3 6
Approved For Release 2001/03/07 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000200650020-3 LN 201-91 factcrs) presented a dialectic therapeutic theory; thus it mace the ancient theoretical medical science to be combined with clinical medicine and organized its theories and various medicines in a cougistent line thus overcoming conflicts and inconsistencies of the theories of {(Neijing) against clinical facts. It improved greatly not only curing the shanghan (diseases caused by harmful cold factors) but also improved effects of curing ccmmunicative aciseases. Dialectic therapeutic theory is an impertant characteristic of Chinese medicine and led the entire Chinese medicine in 1700's. The third important development was the baqiyingxue {making qi to generate blocd) dialectic theory proposed by various doctors in the Jiangxi Province represented by a man called Ye Tain-shi. The theory explained the mechanism of causes, occurrences and changes of fevers, and «reated substantially unique methods of curing and medicines, thus improving effects of curing fevers. However, it is werth noting that, from Zhang @hong-jing through Ye Tian-shi, all the many new and practical matters of Chinese meGicine did not separated from the theoretical framework of (Neijing), simply filiing its volumes by refining it over and over again. As to the causes of forming this situation, what scholars did was that they changed from the open system of the initial Chinese medicine gradually toward a closed system. Now scholars argue: Tn view of development of sciences and technolcgies, Chinese medicine cannot escape from opening up again departing from the closed state of affairs. We can declare that, chinese must open once again anc definitely it should make developing of a nature of breakthrough, achieving higher level of sciences leaving the isolative aspects. Some other scholars argue: The moving force, speed and key of the development of Chinese medicine lies in its own contradiction and movement; outside environment still may be advantageous conditions. In order to utilize sufficiently the outside conditions, take initiative to welcome the challenges of modern sciences and technologies and should adopt cooperative strategic ideas. Cooperate well Chinese and Western medicines, and relationship between Chinese medicine and other sciences; thus making Chinese medicine and pharmaceutical sciences to inherit and develop Chinese medicine's theory of qi. Based on unique principles such as Taiji and Bagua (Eight Diagrams) cooperate well various related sciences following many routes to accelerate development of Chinese medical and pharmaceutical sciences. hat has been presented above is the present Gay status of development of Chinese mecicine. The developmental status of Chinese qigong science is also closely related with the development of Chniese medicine and has many, many relations. Therefore, when Chinese medicine is situated at the closed staye, Chinese qigong science has also received many pressures for many years, and its original face was covered with colors of feudal superstitions.But, receny Brovec along with scientific developments, Chinese medical roved For Release 2001/03/07 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000200650020-3
Approved For Release 2001/03/07 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000200650020-3 LN 201-91 sciences also have gradually become open. Chinese qigong science has become a naw science and has characteristics o£ comprehensive science, systems ecience, information science and control science. Thus, it is situated at a development stage. Not only the study of fundamental nature of qi but also mechanism of qi are studied from various angles of many sciences. 650, superstitious mysterious aspects seen in the recent past have been eliminated and it has been pursued through ccoperation and exchanges from many sciences ana has developed into a new science, but still it is a science that contains several thousand years' basic practices. These recent years there have been more than one thousand pieces of articles published. For details, see the Appendix. This is the present status of Chinese qigong science. ™n recent years, Chinese qigong science has come out as a category of science (like medical science) not only in the field of basic theories but alse in the field of application, and has etepped into comprehensive research with various sciences, exchanges and applications from them. Under such situations, 4 mechanism corresponding to them has energed. Like science and technelcgy researches, in Beijing has developec Qigong Research Institute. Beijing Chinese Medical Research Institute has established a gigong specialization research organization. The Naval Main Medical Hospital has established Chinese Immunolog Research Center whose major emphasis is on qigong immunology, _ ane Fa até the same time it has established, jointly with Guangzhe University, C€igong Physics, Biological Testing Center. In_the field of educating and cultivating talents, because cf its characteristic of its epecialization, the first of the comprehensive school, Chinese Ma Wang-lui Quigong School. Alli cf se econ anna ent Ri seen eiittnn i ES mpm this explains that, Chinese gigong science has made a dee rogress not only in the research on its theories and practices but also in educating aad cultivating talents on the subject. However, the problem requiring immediate consideration is how to establish scientific attitude, despise superstition, encourage solidarity and mutual cocperation and eliminate feudal superstitious ideas. Therefore, the present immediate research tasks of Chinese qigong science is: Chinese qigong science must discipline its own science and make it function for construction of socialism with our country's characteristics and for development of sciences ef the world. The research method of Chinese qigong science must be based on the basic principles as listed below: (1) Scientific principle; (2) Cbjectivity principle; (3) Practicability principle; (4) Theory-Practice combination principle; and (5) Generality- particularity combination principle. VI. CHARACTERISTICS OF THE CHINESE IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH CENTER WITH SPECIAL EMPHASIS ON QIGONG IMMUNOLOGY Based on the principles mentioned above, we have to present, First, the concept of immunologic physics. In other words, using pproved For Release 2001/03/07 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000200650020-3 8
Approved For Release 2001/03/07 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000200650020-3 LN 201-91 theories cf electricity, energy, electrodynamics, etc. and having hese principles as its leading methodology, it must carry out research concerning immunities of organisms relative to their cells, molecules, antigen, antibody and immunity scurces. Along with incessant deepening of research, we propose to make one step ahead in the theories cf immunologic macroscopics, immunologic microscepics, gerontologic immunclogy, immunologic rehabilitation, military immunelogy, immunologic economics, clinical qigong science, and qigong voice. modeling, etc. (Omitted here; see the Appendices). Under the leadership of these theories, we have developed research topics list below: 1. Observations on functions of qigong upon those troops receiving . 2 Research on functions of gigeng outer qi upen human tumour aoe tells, 2, Functions of gigong outer qi upon rat ascites cancer. a, Functions of qigong outer gi upon cells cf cancer of uterus neck. 5. Functions of gigong cuter qi upon cells of gastric gland cancer (§GC-7201) 6 Tnitial observations of microstructural changes of cells of stomach cancer after scanning electric mirror was applied to qigong outer qi. 7. Observation of gigeng outer qi causing cistortion of chremosome cf cells of gastric gland. 8, Funetions of qigong outer gi upon bacteria. 9, Functions of qigong outer qi upon virus. 10. Functions of qigong outer qi upon virus hepatitis. 11. Research on functions of qigong exercises upon those whose surface antigen is positive. 12. Influences of gigong cuter qi upon functioning of rat immunity. 13. Influences of qigong outer qi upon IM type antibody generated by rat and its influences upon spleen cell multiplication. 14. Observation on whether qigong outer gi has relationship with haemoglobin. 15. Qigong outer qi's influences on red cell electric pulses of 168 sample patients. Approved For Release 2001/03/07 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000200650020-3 9