Approved For Release
—fallen t_al
Dream
t»i
- —gam
Telej3atrTy_C i
.
x-kiairyLpyanee and
Geomaor^t jc flctivit*
Michael Persi^,
p
0ntari °’
C*"«^
«nd Stanley
UmVBr51ty
’
y hriopner
pkn
c
.
San Fn
’
aybrook
institute
^ Francisco,
fa
, f-
-all form a,
u.S. p.
Introduction
Several
stud,..-
<1-0
.*pep
. ie
"**v*«
II
^
»«•
a„ th
i»o«tl, :c-cUirVOyan{
’
«*„**,„
;
,"uy
- *•
CS
<e ’9-,
Schaut
A
Pe_,
^
Phenomena.
There
is
*r
he * singer.
iq» C|
e
15 some
have occurred when
ft
'
hat
s P*ntaneo...,-
~T-r
n
geomagnetic active
"
e "Peri ence!;;
d^ys before
or
'
tv Ws
lower
H
.
^terwards
and w
ff
cal*.r»
than
the
decided
to
,
lati means of
°
“h*th-
«... MU.„
•
,h* "«my ».!««.
*
« mil.
'
"**
ev ‘ d*"t
•"
T_c
fhe
ex °eriments
i r,
T_ c
0bse^v//3f
i
Cf^e^g
out
nf
m
Ovations,
i n
h
3ut
Montaoue Ullman' c
,
nis
psychiatric
l1an
s
0 969)
Communing ,
Dract 1Ce,
e]
°
r<
aDDeari^
inth.
context
— lo.-w
Cl—
UUman
decided
to
B°~ ^
-ported
by
.
that
were expert
'
1 "0 " lr
*
w ,-„Jld
toexci7
nym°nU^d — -on. ;
U1°~
° exclude alternative
,nt
COWlt >^,s
tg at
Project
h
” nterpretat ions
i
by
Stanley
Kct
Ul^wan was
,
.
<0k
»
y
nrippr,er
.. -ined
in
this
®
In«tit uto
professor
of
a
t
l8
'
S*"
P^nci.™
.
.
ssyefiology
, t
Chariot
^aybrook
P«Vcho Dhyslo
,
'ar,CiSCO
’
a "d
Ch^les
Honorton
r
_
>— 1 <Wc*
- r
’
or
th.
**tr'e
C...O
les
’
pr meet on.
. a
Cfl rried
out
“
t
m
the Dre
"Ceto "’
Mew J^ ray
Th
,
he ^xoeriment?
tenter
‘eaM Laboratory
r,f
MMa imon.i ries \^ ic
,
..
,
459
\
\
'^b7
, r,r p r
459
\
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-he typical
procedure followed
at
Maimonides
was
for the
percipient
< 0r
subject)
to arrive
at
the
laboratory
in time to meet
the agent —
a person who
would spend much of the night
focusing
upon the contents of an art
print.
The
Percipient’s
task
was
to dream
about
this
art
print
even though
it
would
be
selected
once the
percipient
was
isolated
from
the
agent.
The
percipient
would
also meet
the two experimenters who would explain the
procedures.
(On
a
few occasions,
the
art
print
was selected randomly,
was
not
removed
from
the
sealed
envelope,
and
no
agent
was
used.
The percipient
was simply
instructed
to attempt
dreaminn
about
the
art
print.
)
After"
electrodes
were
attached
to
the
percipient’s
head
for
the
monitor inp
of
brain waves and
eve movements,
the
percipient
would
have
no
further contact
with the agent
until
the following
morning.
On experimenter
threw dice that,
in combination with
a random number table,
provided
a number
that
corresponded
to one
on
a
sealed envelope containing
an art
print.
The
envelope was opened
once
the
agent
reached
his
or
her private room
in
a
distant
part
of the building.
This: art
print
became
the
target
on which
the
agent
focused during
the course of the night
(Ullman
& Krippner,
1978).
i ne experimenters took
turns
monitoring
the percipient’s sleep.
Toward
the
end
of each
period
of
raoic
eye
movement
(REM),
the
percipient
was
awakened
oy an experimenter via
intercom and
described
any dream content
that
could
be recalled.
-hese comments
were
tape
recorded
as
was
a
morning
interview
in which the percipient
associated
to his or her dream recall.
The
interview
was
conducted
douple
blind;
neither
the
percipient
nor
the
460
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l
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exM,,™nter5
k„ew
id#ntity of ^
“h,ch the *-»- - —
M1 .cleo ;
The target
for
a
giver,
k*
night
and
the dreams
for
th
*
th '
"*«ht
confined
"telepathy"
or
"clai
~9estmg
that
ar,
anomaly
(so-call
y
clairvoyance")
occurred
c
Caljed
target
was
a
print
of
a ^
!.
'
" 8>,amPle
’
^
1*6
tne
a
zeora
painted
h
“rCiPlent Earned ««
a
»Kow
..
a
,,h
*
,Jnk”""
-***. ^
"* ”
C°Ula *“«
<>~" the case that
a„y
'
‘ r,<'
*
"
have contained passages of striking
s
-
,
^ ^ ^
*
ni?ht
’ S dreams
mi ’h‘
h«' <— Spared
<Chi,d,
l9fl5) .
'
P,rtW-
to
th.y
T° *Valu*t * the chance hyoothesis
‘nesis,
the
fflaimonides
,“ 1I *r“y
‘he
Cceam
cc. rit „nl „„
’
J~*
'-sets
in the poo,
fr0B „hic,
° f
thB
°th-
-tent,*,
— -—
.r:r r ^ — —
»‘h«. «th -t.ru,.
that
had _ WUM^
^ -
a ' ff*-.nce
tet „e»n Wpeta
,r0
‘
** “""* ^
„
t
ar,d
non-taroets
in
.
—
.
*“iU^
*° —
” "" J“«
-«»»«-
that
n,p
ZT"
‘ a"9t
D°°U
handled
by
the agents.
«Hh°u gn percipients sometimes evaluated theif
-
0001
(b^ore they discovered
the
,
apai " Efr
•Hhough
_
hS
lder, t it y of
the
actual
.
«.
experiments
repaired
the
„
*"
*‘ atl f^itip c
JMge*
to
ra te
f
le ® on
a
100-ooint
scale
th„
,
target /rream
f0r “I
0n,y
fc™
th «n,cn dat,
,
sessions
is
a count
e
**>"s«e
No
« hosnt
of Jud,es,
‘he
„„Wr
hsl | of : “"SttS''—
ta,,e.,
m
‘"h"*
°°°'
<..S.\
«i
*3
in
a
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correspondence to the target
<*
e
« hi
h
h
u
hiqh
hit" or
HH-
i.i-
miss"
or
HM;
"i ow migs „
Qr
’
Plt
'
° r
•
Jh other wo^ds,
these
judges'
ranks
of
sucres
•
represent®.
successive
order
trom
eh
„
.
’
Y om
strongest
"hits"
misses.
"
strongest
"" "aJ °r dKis "
MflN™
a„alytes
of
variarce)
t
p*atM“ “*s
"— - - ««. oays
befc,re
t(w ;
the three aey,
, ft .r the
the d*V
of,
end
tnS
ay
the experiment
was held
(a
trt a
-
*
,
rar) 9e
of
the
key
day
ni
/
days)
‘
Th e
y
day
pius/minus
3 cays was selected
h
activity within
thi«s
«ca-jse
geomaonetic
" thlS
tends
to
be
correlate
day
Plus/minus
or
£
,
'
"
5>artlcula^y witn
a
given
*
days.
except
for
qpecifir
^correlations between
geomagnetic
activit
^
^
the
—ore
or
afterwards
are
t
main factors
( non-re pe
t
d)
^^ ^ ^ —-ant.
-The
two
'— >
were gender
(male
vs.
female,
and
the
numbers of subjects with'
*.
Sr.-.u,.
Because
J ejects within
the HM
and
LM
„rQime
respectively,
- drii+
.
P
W<?re
smal *
<^7,
fl
"
ar‘alySea ^
«**•*<
-th
these tw-
combined.
e ~ e twu
groups
major
analyses
involved
Ion
bar-
n
values.
This
was
,
transformat ions of the daily «
was
completed
in order
tr
^
,
‘°—
«- =.nrt
ys '
a™
tc.
increase
the
h-
®*"ou Ps and
between
repeated
me
«
-
'-"o^eity
of variance
betwee,
Co«Pleted using
the
leas '-es.
However,
ail
analyses
were
ai*,-
lr,q
the original
ftfl values ^
h*
Matter were
not
as
extreme
^ ^ ^
t "'anSf°r,Mt
'iona *•*««
Contrast*
'
Mod t f icat ions,
q
p
-,5ter ,
SStS
were
completed
usinn ™
,
SbStSZiSri.
irkH
usin 9
correlated
t-tesfc
a
^•Pendent
t-tests
(bet
each
°rouo
ana
tests
( between groups on
a
oiven dav,
t
% f4n(,
tn cay,
to determine rK»
‘
'
T*Ctor by reneat^w
th(? source of
y repeated measure interactions.
\
463
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Correlated
t-tests with
p values
set
at
p
<.01
(to
reduce the effect
of
mmim
. 4 I
multiple
t
probabilities)
were completed
for each group
for the 00
values
of
each
of
the
7 days
during
the experiment
and the 00 average
for the month
in
which
the
exper ienceToccurred.
The
latter
analyses
were
completed
to
determine the absolute activity of the
days of the experience compared
to the
typical
monthly
values
rather
than restricting
the analyses to the relative
differences between the
key
day
and
the
days
before
and afterwards,
oil
analyses were completed
using 3PSSX
software on
a DEC2020 computer.
Results
M0N0V0
for
all
6£ subjects according
to the three major groups
(HH,
LH,
Lit
plus
HM),
gender,
and
the
seven repeated measures
(key days plus/minus 3
days)
of geomagnetic activity
(00 values)
demonstrated no significant
group or
penoer
interact ions.
However,
there was
a significant
<F=£. 53,
df=l£,
p=. DOS)
interaction between groups
and
the geomagnetic activity
over days
for the
log
oase transformed
values
(Figure
1).
There was also
a nearly significant
Daily difference
< c’=ti.54,
df=6, 33&,
p— .03).
There were neither
gender
by day
or
gender
by
group
by
day
interact ions.
The group
by day
interaction was
significant
(p=.01>
for
the absolute 00 values
as well.
Six
of the ex peri mental
days
involved
the
testing of two subjects rather
than
one.
To determine
if this slight
modification
in
procedure
may
have
altered
the geomagnetic contribution
to the psi
effect,
additional
analyses
were completed on those days
(cases)
where only one subject
was
tested.
The
basic
results
are shown
in Figure
£.
There was no appreciable change
in
the
geomagnetic temporal
pattern and
the significant
day
by
group
interactions
were not
affected.
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fcn ail
four groups
h=>
were
analyzed
~ were hoted,
There _ „
"/—
_
fW— -
genders.
effM
*
—
^ '«-«!«
(f,£ . 02j
df^ 3g4
'
’
"* S
*
group
by
Removing
the second
J°9 ’
ima
te'!n»er
day,
„ lff
-nd ”**»
<eon-rep.at.di
fa^,. „
^ffer.nee.
«-
not
change th.
‘
9e '’‘S ‘"'
-n,
the
etfects
(F=3,
76.
^^
°" 0“
’
-«c results Sj 7
^ ^
*'
e
^resented
<«
c,
L
in
Pig ure
3.
--
fifiijteriori
teste
test!:
showed
that
ft
between day.
the ^^^
dither^
tHlS aay ’
the Beomagn«tie activity w
^
the
ke
-v day
(-3),
:r
w~w^ -—
— —
• -
ln
5rL'UD
COrnPar.v sons
( set
at
0~ m
delated
t-tests
for
experiments
for nrn
"
d^r,stated
that
the
niotlf
° r Grou P
I
(HH>
were niH
*
ts
of the
^*3.04,
df« 17)
Th
QUIetef- th^ay
-3
( ,,? . gg
'
rh e
night
of
„
'
df~ 17)
and, -a
Quieter than
fh
* ,1c?r 1 ence
(pii^
fi
average of the month
(1=4 3
,.
'
‘ear.* ly
day
(tap
*+. d.j,
df=i7,
n .~
Pr>1
.
and the day,
(t= .,_
^th
the
rev
tl" "•>«".
lllu “
<
<‘=3.84>
were oui.t
e Quieter
than
^°r the sec«nd
group
(LH)
„
,,
,
M
' U1h
correlator,
+
a
*^.80)
was
si
ests
indicated
that-
-
s *9nifleant iy quieter than
th
•
" day
** 8nif icant
diffp
he
wo^ly averages
Th
differences
between
th«
.
Ther*
We^ -
* Awards
Th
*
,<<?y
days
and
tne
r
.
The third
group
(HM )
VS
bef°re
or
^^agnet io
demonstrated
a»
t
8MiVitV " ^ - -— -
81)
*
-
£
* iCtiV, ‘ y
<>» «W Olus
, (w 7S
.
'
'
‘° e
—age
C9
wonthiv
7,7fl
'
plus S
(ts3
7i
.
F
"> — ,
day o;u9
, V-
a
=’
significant
no
465
•* i V
1 ower
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%
\
V
(t=9. 00)
than day
-3.
Finally,
for group four
<LM)
,
there were no significant
Differences
net ween geomagnetic activity between any of the
days.
Combining
groups tnree and
four
(df=14),
no statistically significance differences
were
Found
petween the geomagnetic activity on any
of
the days.
However,
activity
on days plus
<t«3.'71,
df=*14),
plus
<t«SS.87>,
and
plus 3
<t*£.75>
were
lower than
for monthly
averages.
Discussion
The
results
of the HH group
in this study are basically similar
to
the
V-shaped
pattern
m
geomagnetic
activity
that
has
been
observed
during
spontaneous
T-C experiences
<e. g.
Persinger
& Schaut,
1986).
However,
the HM
group
in the Maimonides data did
show
a temporal
pattern
that
was similar
to
that
of~t.be
group
that
Demonstrated
the strongest
psi
effect.
Because the
third
day
Before tne
key
day
demonstrated such elevated geomagnetic activity
in the HM
group,
we suspect
that
the apparent
V-shape
is misleading
and
that
magnetic storms had
been
in
progress.
Our .hypothesis was confirmed as can
be
seen
in
Figure
4.
Analyses
of
the geomagnetic activity
for the HM
group
indicated
that
day
-3
(tnree days before
the
key
day)
displayed significantly
greater geomagnetic
activity,
than
the
monthly
average.
This
pattern
is
strongly reminiscent
of geomagnetic storms.
On
the
other hand,
the HH
group,
the one that
showed the greatest
psi,
demonstrated
a
pattern
where
there
was
no
pre—experience
elevation
in
geomagnetic activity compared
to monthly
values.
Instead,
there
was
a
sudden
QS-£ C ease,
in geomagnetic activity;
this activity was significantly
lower
than
For the month
of
for
the days
before or
afterwards.
This
latter pattern and
not
the pattern displayed
by
the
HM
group
is more typical
of profiles than
466
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have Deer'
found
iri th . „
he eases »f spontaneous r_ c .
The use of aa
Mes must
be viewed witn
_
several
s°me caution
n
j.
averaged
to
prow
a coli acted
a<
—
of
„onitorin9
,evicss J
l0bal
*" -~c
n„u lts .
sophisticated.
rt
,
l, sed,
ranging
'
will come
as
crude
, r
.
little or „
surprise to learn >ha .
.
correlat ion ..tween
' ha
'
there
, 3
W,#“ ***“""’ —UUy
those
«
the
V*1W ~
- *—* proress~ ' —
' - «
oroer to
-Bss
that
omits
to derive avp^nn
1CS
much
,-,f
+
,
,
pes.
Nevertheless
th
"
’ 6 cata
in
°f deterMinin9
th » —tence of Plectro
’
"
d<~ ^ ^
eC.tromapr,eUc storms.
T,W b6St
f°- t-S Study
„
.
"°"“i *
on.
Oeheviop of
lMlor.^
.
ased
or, readings
from
*
Su Ejects
laboratory
,•*
>
magnetometer
i n
rv>
V
ItSeif*
Optimally,
these
re
. r
"
to ^
reIatl °nshi P ^
solar
and
,
' Llr' gS
Sh °" ]H
b®
considered
>
Effects
ffects,
compet.ng
- 9 -’ ^ lat -n),
ana
blolo
-
--
•tudiep.
' lcax
cycles
of
U '<?
SUblc-.f-rc
-~ L
" r '
'->e;rnr
If significant
data
a .a
*.
potential
’ U
under
th „, e
mechanisms
involved can be
~
cm-umstances,
tf
torms
n „
be
s^udied.
W ,-,uld
niBhts
of
tel eoath
e ^sence of electric^
MV‘—t
affects
the
h
—
V*.
the
i
,
^ne
subiept’c
®
^
4nt^fere
receptivity?
n>,
^
the
^ ’ *
t? i qo c
i r> -
Elusive
e
-
S'" ,SSiOH’"
° f
"signal"
in
SO(fl
‘
fhHHay,
.
Vlder-ce that
geomagnetic
activity
nB **Y
,s
t)0
1 ^v ior ,
aUhough
prei
. mi
SKertS Ce^^2e effects
®*t,
igot.
^
Oata
col lectpH
9fl5)
s'jgoests
'
ed
JY
Becker
(R „,
,
quests
a
relat
t
\
‘ decker
».
^tals
ej at lonshi p
between
a„ r ,i
maonetic
*
adMlss '^'
vate«-,
ynetic
storms
( Dn
-
P0,
c'4.3-c'70)
tk
fe_
'•
rihere fore
-
467
*'
ar' v
-coust
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