Approved For Release 20000 A RAP REe HH DS p00270001-4 (U) signatures. There does not seem to be a readily-available comprehensive index that takes all of the their characteristics into account. For this reason, flares were subdivided into several data sets prior to analysis: + The first set was the total daily number of all recorded flares; these flares were further subdivided into location of origin in 10-deg longitudinal segments from the central meridian of the solar disk. * The second data get was an extraction of the larger flares from the data. These flares were selected for their classification of both size and brilliance. Those classified as sub-brilliant or larger were used. (The flares were divided by longitude because flaring at certain longitudes on the solar disk is known to produce greater terrestrial effects than at other longitudes. For instance, relativistic energy showers most frequently originate from the northwest quadrant of the sun.) (U) In exploring the theory that limb flaring (flares on the edge of the solar disk) may play a role in RV performance, special attention was given to this area of the sun. Indeed, as anticipated, significantly higher rates of limb flaring were found on the day of (or Lo just before) four of five of the high-scoring data sets, and on the day of (or just after) low-scoring data sets in four of five cases. What this implies is that some confidence can be placed on the validity of relationship between solar flaring and RV performance. (U) Of key interest is the finding that the flares occurring on the solar limbs (80 to 89 deg) tend to group with respect to high- and low-performance data sets. Large flares occurred on the limbs the day of sessions in three of four of the low-scoring data sets. In the fourth set, a flaring peak occurred three days later. The number of flares was significantly greater on low-scoring session days (more than two standard deviations above the epoch period mean) in each case. The days following low-scoring sessions continued to have high flare rates across the solar disk. (On the other hand, in three of four cases, high-scoring ve (U) 84(1) data were included. 26 UNCLASSIFIED Approved For Release 2000/08/08 : CIA-RDP96-00788R001800270001-4
Approved For Release “UNC ASSIFTERR re" (U) data sets were preceded by an increase in limb flaring by one day. These values were near-significant. We shall return to this point below.) In addition to the tendency of flares to cluster on poor performance days, the numbers of flares was more than double the daily expected value for three of the low-scoring RV data sets. (U) A speculation from the data is that low-viewing scores might be associated with flares (occurring on the east limb) rotating onto the solar disk (because of the numerous flare peaks observed at all locations on the disk following poor RV sessions). By contrast, high scoring might be associated with regions rotating off the west limb of the solar disk because of the fewer flare peaks following good sessions. Indeed, when diagrams of solar-active regions were examined for the first set of 1984 data, nine of ten of the low-scoring days showed active regions near the east limb. On the other hand, eight of ten of the high-scoring days showed active regions near the west limb. (U) Based on the observation that, statistically, limb flares coincide with and follow degraded RV sessions, but precede enhanced RV performance by one day, a speculation could be made that there may be a close time relationship for enhanced and degraded RV sessions. In hypothesizing which solar-terrestrial changes could cause changes in RV performance, the observed rapidity of change and the reversal of the character of the effect must be taken into consideration. The following scenario is suggested. As a new active flaring region rotates over the solar limb, associated with it is some kind of a fast-acting phenomenon that requires a day or less to produce terrestrial effects. The terrestrial effect must be relatively brief, and of a character that is capable of both degrading and enhancing RV performance. An example of one such phenomenon is the Sudden Ionospheric Disturbances (SID) caused by X-ray and other electromagnetic-radiation bursts associated with the flaring Process. SIDs can both enhance and decrease the quality of global electromagnetic signal propagation--possibly at biologically-active fre- quencies. A specific type of SID, a direct solar-flare effect (SFE), causes geomagnetic effects observed simultaneously with solar flares. 27 UNCLASSIFIED Approved For Release 2000/08/08 : CIA-RDP96-00788R001800270001-4
Approved For Release a OPPNCLASSIFIED (u) Another mechanism could be proton storms resulting from high-energy flares. Very-high-energy flares can accelerate particles at near- relativistic speeds; these particles are capable of reaching earth in a matter of a few hours. Magnetic storms may accompany the arrival of this high-speed solar wind. Either of these two mechanisms could explain the immediacy of the observed effect. (U) With regard to the tendency for RV performance to first be degraded then enhanced, one might speculate on possible mechanisms for bipolar behavior based on, for instance, known patterns of magnetic storms. If RV performance were correlated with the intensity of the earth's magnetic field, then the following known variations that occur as part of the magnetic storm process might be capable of introducing the observed patterns into RV performance. Typically, the storms that begin suddenly start with. (L) A sudden increase in the horizontal (H) component of the earth's magnetic field; they then (2) Have an initial phase lasting a few minutes to a few hours, during which H decays to prestorm values; (3) This is followed by a main phase lasting about one to three days in which H is below the prestorm value, first decreasing, then increasing more slowly toward the prestorm value--many large random variations occur during this phase; (4) There is a postperturbation period after the end of the main phase, in which the value of H continues to rise toward, or perhaps above the prestorm value; (5) The last phase is an increase in the daily variation of H, which increases with increasing latitude. If RV performance correlated with magnetic intensity, patterns would certainly be found during the magnetic storm. 5. (U) Magnetic Indices (U) Four magnetic indices, the sum of Ke Aye C_, and C9 were screened with respect to RV performance. Ko is a quasi-logarithmic index of geomagnetic stations between latitudes 47 and 63 deg. i is specifically designed to measure solar particle radiation by its magnetic 28 UNCLASSIFIED Approved For Release 2000/08/08 : CIA-RDP96-00788R001800270001-4 es reel
Approved For Release 2 NCEA SSPE TE Fyr00 1 800270001-4 (U) effects. A, is a daily index of magnetic activity on a linear scale rather than on the quasi-logarithmic scale of the K indices. It is the average of the eight values of an intermediate three-hourly index A_, defined as approximately one-half. the average gamma range of the most disturbed of the three force components D, H, and Z, in the three-hour interval at standard stations. The C5 index is derived from the KS indices by converting the daily sum of Ay into the range of 0 to 2.5, The C9 index is a geomagnetic character figure obtained from the Cy index by reducing the C, values to integers between 0 and 9 according to certain keys. All these values are closely related, and, not surprisingly, gave similar results in the epoch analysis comparing them to RV performance. (U) The four sets of RV scores yielded remarkably similar patterns with respect to Ky and corroborated the solar flare findings extremely well. In each case, values were above the epoch mean the day preceding low RV scores, decreasing in all cases on the day of the sessions. In three sets, the decrease fell below the mean; in the fourth case, the value dropped considerably and was only slightly above the mean. The next day's values of this data set continued to decrease and were below the mean. Conversely, in the sets of high-scoring days, all four sets showed KS indices that were below the epoch mean the day before the sessions and increased to values above the mean in three of the four data sets. The fact that these patterns were replicated in the majority of the test data sets, and that high- and low-scoring data sets yielded inverse patterns with respect to an is a strong indication of a valid phenomenon existing. Therefore, what we found were strong similar patterns in the geomagnetic data with respect to RV performance. The geomagnetic field was quiet just before all high-scoring sessions, then became more active the day of the session. Magnetic activity was higher than normal one to five days prior to low-scoring sessions. This would suggest that RV sessions be performed when the activity of the geomagnetic field is on the increase after a quiet period. (U) Comparing these consistent results with the results of the solar flare analysis shows that there is evidence for the standard 29 UNCLASSIFIED Approved For Release 2000/08/08 : CIA-RDP96-00788R001800270001-4
Approved For Release ae ONCLASSIFIED (U) one-to-four day time lag between flare and subsequent magnetic activity. The magnetic indices are increasing on Day 0 (the day of the sessions), they continue to increase the day after the statistical flaring, then decrease in two to five days. Results using Ay? Cy and C9 indices were similar; the best definition appeared to be seen with the Ky index followed by AW Cy and C9. For forecasting purposes this is fortunate. The in (and A,) are readily available by means of the satellite downlink, C, and C9 are not. 6. (U) SIDs (U) Sudden ionospheric disturbances result mostly from flaring of the sun, although not all flares cause SIDs, and SIDs can also result from unknown causes. SIDs are basically a disturbance of the upper tonized layer of the atmosphere called the ionosphere, specifically in the D region. During SIDs, radio waves at medium frequencies are strongly absorbed and long-distance communications fade out. Cosmic radio noise at 15 to 25 MHz is absorbed and also fades. At very low frequencies (15 to 40 kHz), however, the D region becomes a reflector, and atmospheric radio noise is enhanced. A SID is marked also by a sharp brief geomagnetic disturbance that behaves differently from a magnetic storm. SIDs are classified according to their intensity and types of terrestrial effects. (U) Although many classifications exist, the two most common (known to enhance low-frequency transmission) were extracted from the data base; i.e., those classified as enhancing atmospherics, as measured at 27 kHz (SEA), and those which enhance signal strength in VLF trans- missions (SES). (The effects of SIDs on ELF is not monitored and is unknown. ) (U) The results of the epoch analysis on SIDs correspond well to the results of the solar-flare and the magnetic analyses. While the SEAs showed some corroborative patterns, the results of the analysis on the SESs were remarkable. The results of the SIDs analysis are similar to the analysis of the occurrence of peaks of solar flares. That is, there 30 UNCLASSIFIED Approved For Release 2000/08/08 : CIA-RDP96-00788R001800270001-4
Approved For Release C9 CE ASS TF PE BRO 1800270001-4 (U) are fewer peaks occurring around the times of high-scoring sessions than low-scoring sessions. There are more strong SIDs peaks on the day of, and after low-scoring sessions. A SIDs peak of importance (magnitude) "1" or greater occurs on the day of the low-scoring sessions in four of the data sets. Peaks of SIDs also occurred on the day of the session in four of five years of the high-scoring data sets, and on the day prior to the sessions in the other data set (1979). Therefore, nine of ten of the data sets had an SES-type SID occurring on the day of the session. The remaining data set had a peak in SIDs occurring in close proximity to the session--on the day before. (U) It appears that SES-type SIDs are a good candidate for the previously hypothesized fast-acting result of solar activity that could influence RV performance. A peak of SES-type SIDs have occurred on or near every case of RV extreme-score sets. We speculate that there is some quality of the SID that is associated with the observed bipolar effect, resulting in both high- and low-quality RV performance. A quality of SIDs that might produce bipolar effects could be selective electromagnetic propagation. If SIDs selectively propagate certain VLF or ELF frequencies, it would not be surprising to find differing biological responses to frequency and intensity changes--assuming biological responses to ELF exist. Laboratory studies of ELF magnetic and electric fields (see references to work of Adey and others in Bibliography) suggest such ELF- biological relationships. An additional possibility to account for bipolar behavior might be the frequency characteristics of the atypical magnetic activity that accompanies SIDs. This can be accomplished by direct measure- ment of geomagnetic ELF, described in the section below. B. (U) Results Pertaining to ELF 1. (UU) Introduction (U) The ELF environment, both naturally-occurring and man-made , is one good candidate for the mechanism by which many types of biological responses are produced. Laboratory studies have shown both sensitivity 31 UNCLASSIFIED Approved For Release 2000/08/08 : CIA-RDP96-00788R001800270001-4
Approved For Release ee ONCLASSIFIED (U) and selectivity in biological responses to specific frequency and intensity windows. The intensities found to be biologically active are very weak, and fall in the same ranges as naturally~occurring magnetic and electrical fields. For our initial effort, we selected the frequency window of 0 to 30 Hz for two reasons, one pedagogical and one practical: * It is the frequency range of the known electrical activity of a human being--particularly brainwave frequencies. * It is necessary to filter out 60-Hz power-line noise, and simple electronic 60-Hz filters begin cutoff at about 30 Hz. With regard to the latter point, although sharper filters are available, they are elaborate and expensive. For this exploratory investigation, the most cost- and time-effective route was chosen. 2. (U) Intercomparison of ELF Systems (U) A number of comparisons between the various components of the ELF monitoring system have been made. The systems compared include the prototype system at TRI involving the use of the oak-tree bioantenna, the upgraded system at TRI involving use of both the oak tree and a coil antenna on loan from the Radioscience Laboratory at Stanford University, and a duplicate upgraded system at SRI involving use of an oak tree. (U) Correlations were performed between ELF data sets generated on each of the systems. Although variations existed, by and large the correlations indicated statistically-significant tracking between the various systems, including the comparison of key concern--tracking between the duplicate upgraded systems at TRI and SRI, 17 km distant. In fact, tracking between the separated TRI and SRI systems, both utilizing oak- tree antenna, was somewhat better than tracking between the oak-tree and coil antennas, both at the TRI site. 3. (U) ELF/RV Comparison (U) Epoch analyses were carried out to determine correlations between ELF and RV data sets for those periods of overlap in operation. 32 UNCLASSIFIED Approved For Release 2000/08/08 : CIA-RDP96-00788R001800270001-4 |
Approved For Release *TNEL ASSiFiER” 800270001-4 (U) With regard to the prototype ELF system, whose data base began in May of 1982, the 1984 data base (before the fifth data base was added) was the only one available for comparison. Examination of the correlation graphs in the epoch analysis revealed some tendency (over time spans on the order of days) to inverse relationship between ELF and RV; that is, a tendency for ELF to be low in the vicinity of high-scoring days, and vice versa. There were not sufficient data of sufficient definition, however, to permit statistically-significant conclusions to be drawn. (U) Beginning in June 1984, the upgraded ELF system became operational. RV data collected from then through August provided an opportunity to perform preliminary epoch analyses for a small sample of RV data (four cases each for high and low scores) ona half-hourly basis. (This is to be compared with the half-daily basis of the prototype ELF system.) An apparently consistent pattern that emerged in these analyses was a change from low-scoring sessions to high-scoring sessions during a rapid rise in ELF values; the separation between the two was on the order of an hour and a half (range one-half to two hours and a half). This appears as another example of bipolar effect mentioned earlier with respect to geomagnetic activity, where rapid crossing from below- to above- average activity on the days of extreme-scoring sessions was also observed. The time/funding scope of this level-of-effort project did not permit further exploration of this emerging relationship between ELF (and other geophysical activity) and potential rate-of-change effects on RV per- formance. This area appears to show exceptional promise, however, and will be pursued in a follow-on program. (U) The emergence of a possible relationship between a period of time when the data are changing at a rapid rate (rather than peaking) is not surprising in light of known mechanism of biological processes. Several biological processes function by means of rates-of-change of stimuli in preference to any particular absolute values of those stimuli-- if the intensity of the stimuli fall within certain ranges. 33 UNCLASSIFIED Approved For Release 2000/08/08 : CIA-RDP96-00788R001800270001-4
Approved For Release 2000/08/08 : CIA-RDP96-00788R001800270001-4 Approved For Release 2000/08/08 : CIA-RDP96-00788R001800270001-4
Approved For Release 209FECA: BS SAF PE P)R001800270001-4 VI EVALUATION AND RECOMMENDATIONS (U) (U) This study has a threefold purpose: * To determine whether geophysical factors correlate with RV performance. * If correlations are found, to identify which geophysical factors correlate with RV performance with enough lead time that RV performance could be forecast in advance. * To optimize the potential for forecasting by seeking those geophysical factors that constitute the best candidates for the mechanism by which observed effects on RV per- formance are produced. (U) Some degree of success has been achieved in all three categories. Significant correlations of some significance have been found to exist between RV performance and solar flux values, sunspot number, and magnetic indices M_, A, C_, and C9. Epoch analysis has shown that flares and p Pp Pp resulting SIDs have a strong tendency to cluster in certain time intervals with respect to extreme-scoring RV sessions. Flares, especially those on the solar limbs, tend to occur on the day of low-performance RV sessions, and on the day preceding high-scoring sessions. (U) SIDs resulting from flares may produce a bipolar effect, such that an intimate time relationship exists between high-scoring and low- scoring sessions. Epoch analysis on SIDs show enhanced sudden enhance- ment of signal strength in VLF (SES) on the day of, or before, both high- and low-scoring sessions. (U) Evaluation of the ELF environment with data from the prototype ELF monitoring system revealed patterns in ELF measurements a number of days preceding the sessions which were oppositely configured over time with respect to high-and low-scoring sessions. (U) A very encouraging aspect of this study is the corroboration of the findings by all of the various data sets examined. The relationship of geophysical phenomena to RV performance may be traced from solar 35 UNCLASSIFIED Approved For Release 2000/08/08 : CIA-RDP96-00788R001800270001-4
Approved For Release a OOINCLASS FTE DB * (U) activity, to terrestrial activity--including SIDs and geomagnetic activity. All of these data sets appear at specific time intervals, which are known to occur with respect to each other, and at definable intervals with respect to the RV performance data. (U) The following conclusions have been reached as a result of this data analysis: * Correlations between several geophysical phenomena and RV performance are significant, and have a high probability of constituting a valid cause-effect phenomenon. * Time periods of low-scoring sessions cluster (within 24 hours or less) with high-scoring sessions. This suggests that the mechanism that influences RV performance has a bipolar effect. - ELF appears to be a reasonable candidate for a, linking mechanism; it is capable of changing rapidly, is most likely affected by SIDs and other solar effects, and specific changes have been noted at the times of the sessions. * Should further in-depth statistical studies confirm the results to date, a successful long-range forecasting system could possibly be developed using a combination of solar-terrestrial and monitored ELF data. Solar- terrestrial correlations were significant, but the time intervals are not yet defined accurately enough for reliable forecasting. Successful forecasting might be accomplished by using solar-terrestrial data to identify approximate time periods when enhanced and degraded performance is expected. Then, by monitoring the ELF environment during these periods, the exact effects can be known or anticipated. (U) The objectives of a follow-on effort should be to (1) confirm the findings (especially with respect to the ELF data), (2) seek finer time resolution, and (3) clarify the mechanisms involved in the RV solar- terrestrial relationship. The final product of such an effort would be trial forecasts in a blind study in order to determine whether forecasting (and its companion, scheduling) can lead to increased reliability of the RV process. 36 UNCLASSIFIED Approved For Release 2000/08/08 : CIA-RDP96-00788R001800270001-4
Approved For Release DOGG: AGO FF kb B}R001800270001-4 VII SUMMARY (U) (U) Past experiments in RV have shown considerable variability in RVer performance over time; that is, RVers are seen to perform better at some times than at others. This variability has not yet been fully explained nor examined in detail. The possibility exists a priori that performance might be affected by certain external factors. If this is the case, identifying these factors and understanding the way they influ- ence a trainee's performance could lead to significant improvement in the RV product. (U) As a starting point, human beings have been shown to be sensi- tive to certain forms of electromagnetic radiation that are known to exist in the geophysical environment; there is also some evidence that certain aspects of human behavior and performance are related to changes in yet other aspects of the geophysical environment. An important question relative to RV performance is the extent to which a trainee's performance is subject to such electromagnetic or geophysical factors. Investigation of this question is necessary in the course of developing a reliable RV capability. The results of such an investigation would show whether RV performance is influenced by these factors, and, if so, the degree to which such influences can be controlled, and whether they point to directions for further research into the fundamental nature of psi function in its broadest sense, (U) The project described in this. report is a first step in the process of determining the relationship between RV performance and various environmental factors. This project had a two-part aim. First, it was necessary to set up an environmental monitoring facility for real- time measurement of certain variables, and to identify available, reliable sources of other environmental data. Second, the degree of correlation between the available environmental data and the RV results needed to be developed. In this report, we describe the monitoring facility and the 37 UNCLASSIFIED Approved For Release 2000/08/08 : CIA-RDP96-00788R001800270001-4
Approved For Release 2000/08/08 : CLASSIFIED UNCL (U) specific environmental variables, and a preliminary analysis of the cor- relations between RV performance and these factors is given. Some inter- pretation is also provided as an aid to planning future work along these lines. (U) Basically, in the monitoring facility we detect and record the local geomagnetic field, using a Fourier analysis technique to separate the various frequency components in the electromagnetic spectrum (in the range 0 to 30 Hz). A prototype facility had been in operation for more than two years, and some relatively coarse data were already available when the project began. These data, and the experience gained while gathering them, were used to design and calibrate more precise instrumen- tation for this program. Data from these systems were then used in the investigation to correlate against RV performance data for the corresponding time period of operation of this facility. An equally important part of the project consisted of correlating RV performance data against other geophysical observations available from the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration--some of it by real-time acquisition from a Westar IV satellite downlink installed specifically for this purpose. (u) As shown in this report, several significant correlations have been found between various geophysical factors and RV performance. These correlations have a strong tendency to cluster in certain time intervals with respect to high- and low-performance RV sessions. In some cases, the clustering precedes the correlated RV activity, thereby yielding the possibility of performance prediction, should such correlations continue to be viable in further work. (U) Among the most interesting correlations to RV performance found are flares occurring on the sun, especially those on the edge (limbs) of the solar disk. These flares play an important role in producing upper atmospheric disturbances known as SIDs (sudden ionospheric disturbances), which influence terrestrial radio-signal propagation. SIDs are known to block higher-frequency communications, but at the same time, to enhance lower-frequency propagation at LF and VLF frequencies. Although the effect of SIDs on the yet lower-frequency ELF portion of the electromagnetic 38 UNCLASSIFIED Approved For Release 2000/08/08 : CIA-RDP96-00788R001800270001-4 | eer
Approved For Release 2000/08/08S Ex GMRMS tT 0788R001800270001-4 CENTER LANE-3 /NOFORN (U) spectrum is unknown, it could provide a promising link between the solar- terrestrial environment and known electromagnetic effects on biological processes. With regard to ELF itself, preliminary evaluation of the ELF environment in half-hourly time intervals has shown a possible relation- ship to frequencies between 10 and 30 Hz, particularly as ELF intensities change from below average to above average values. (S/CL-3/NF) Considering the modest level-of-effort for the survey of geophysical/ELF factors, and their possible relationship to RV per- formance, a considerable amount of progress has been made in delineating potential correlations of value. What can be said at this point is that this pilot study provides evidence that the quality of RV functioning may be intimately related to the geophysical environment. What remains to be done is (1) an in-depth statistical evaluation of those findings of this study that were strongly intercorroborated by the various data sets used, and (2) a structured attempt at blind RV performance forecasting. Asa result, continued collection and analysis of such data will be pursued to determine whether the correlations found are stable over time, and will thus provide a solid continuing basis for RV performance prediction. From both scientific and practical viewpoints, knowledge of this kind makes it possible in an operational environment to consider methods for both enhancing the overall RV product, and for developing countermeasures. 39 SECRET. CENTER LANE-3/NOFORN Approved For Release 2000/08/08 : CIA-RDP96-00788R001800270001-4
Approved For Release UNCLASSIFIED ne” REFERENCES (U) Persinger, M. A., H. W. Ludwig, and H. P. Ossenkopp, '"Psychophysio- logical Effects of ELF Electromagnetic Fields: A Review," Perceptual and Motor Skills, Vol. 36, pp. 1131-1159 (1973). Weber, R., "Human Circadian Rhythms under the Influence of Weak Electric Fields and the Different Aspects of These Studies," Int. J. Biometeorology, Vol. 17, No. 3, pp. 227~232 (1974). ee BY Friedman, H., R. Becker, and C. Bachman, "Effect of Magnetic Fields on Reaction-Time Performance," Nature, pp. 949-950 (4 March 1967). Konig, H. L., "Behavioral Changes in Human Subjects Associated with ELF Electrical Fields," ELF and VLF Electromagnetic Field Effects, M. A. Persinger (ed.), Plenum Press, New York, pp. 81-99 (1974). Puthoff, H. E. and M. Adams, "Geophysical Effects Study (u)," Interim Report, SRI 941/CL-0022, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA (July 1984), SECRET/NOFORN. Fraser-Smith, A. C., "ULF Tree Potentials and Geomagnetic Pulsations," Nature, Vol. 271, No. 5646, pp. 641-642 (16 February 1978). Adams, M. H., "The Effect of the Geophysical and ELF Environments on RV Performance (U)," Final Report, Time Research Institute, Los Altos, CA (28 November 1984), UNCLASSIFIED. 41 UNCLASSIFIED Approved For Release 2000/08/08 : CIA-RDP96-00788R001800270001-4
Approved For Release 20 PRIE* LASSTFIER 800270001-4 BIBLIOGRAPHY (WU) Adair, E. R. and B. W. Adams, "Microwaves Induce Peripheral Vasodilation in Squirrel Monkey," Science, Vol. 207, pp. 1381-1383, (1980). Adey, W. R., Chapter 15 in Functional Linkage in Biomolecular Systems, (Raven Press, New York), pp. 325-342, (1975). , "Frequency and Power Windowing in Tissue Interactions with Weak Electromagnetic Fields," Proc, IEEE, Vol. 68, No. 1, pp. 119-125, (1980). » "Tissue Interactions with Nonionizing Electromagnetic Fields," Physiological Rev., Vol. 61, No. 2, pp. 435-514, (1981). Adey, W. R. et al., "Effects of Weak Amplitude-Modulated Microwave Fields on Calcium Efflux from Awake Cat Cerebral Cortex," Bioelectromag- netics, Vol. 3, pp. 295-307, (1982). Arehart-Treichel, J., "Electromagnetic Pollution: Is It Hurting Our Health? ," Science News, Vol. 105, pp. 418-419, (1974). Bassett, C.A.L. et al., "Augmentation of Bone Repair by Inductively- Coupled Electromagnetic Fields," Science, Vol. 184, pp. 575-577, (1974). Bawin, S. M. and W. R, Adey, “Electric Fields and Nerve Activity," Proc. Natl Acad. Sci., (1976). Beal, J. B., "Spontaneous Electromagnetic Radiation from Natural Dielectrics," Planetary Assoc. for Clean Energy Newsletter, Vol. 3, No. 1, p. 30, (1981). Becker, R, 0. et al., "The Direct Current Control System," N. Y. State J. Med., pp. 1169-1176, (1962). Becker, R. 0., "Electromagnetic Forces and Life Processes," Technology Rev., pp. 32-38, (1972), » "The Significance of Bioelectric Potentials," J. Bioelectrochem. & Bioenergetics, (1974). "Biomedicine--How Electrical Healing Works," Science News, Vol. 122, p. 57, (1982). 43 UNCLASSIFIED Approved For Release 2000/08/08 : CIA-RDP96-00788R001800270001-4
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