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Scanning the Issue
Adjustable
Speed AC
Drives—A Technology
Status Review
(Invited Paper), Bose, page 116—After nearly a decade and a
half of intensive development, adjustable speed ac drives have
assumed a position of great importance in a large variety of
industrial applications.
This has led to a pressing need in the
industrial and academic communities for an understanding of
the basics and state of the art of this growing technology.
This
invited paper, believed to be the first of its kind on this subject,
is a tutorial-review of ac drives intended to be useful both to
the reader who has a general interest in industrial control using
ac drives and to the specialist who wishes to extend and expand
his or her knowledge.
The ac machines which constitute the principal subsystem of
these drives are
first concisely but thoroughly reviewed in the
paper.
Following this, the technical features of different classes
of drives with converters, such as voltage-fed converters, cur-
rent-fed converters, cycloconverters, static Kramer, and static
Scherbius
drives,
are
discussed.
The paper then
describes
modeling and simulation of ac drives, and finally the subject
of microcomputer control is reviewed in some detail. Through-
out
the
paper, the current trends of development of power
semiconductor devices, machines, converters, and controls are
indicated wherever possible.
r
The Persistent Paradox of Psychic Phenomena: An Engineering
Perspective
(Invited Paper), Jahn, page 136—The
persistent,
fragmentary
indication of the
possible existence of psychic
phenomena requires
us, in the interests of scientific integrity
,
and intellectual honesty, to apply the same spirit of objective
'
inquiry
that we
have
focused on the more
traditional and
accepted branches of science and technology.
;
It was nearly six years ago—in March 1976, to be exact—that
r
the Proceedings took the unusual step of publishing a paper
on the psychic phenomenon called remote viewing. That paper
was received with great interest, considerable skepticism, some
hostility, and even a bit of shock.
In the intervening years, no
breakthroughs have occurred to prove or disprove the existence
of this and other psychic phenomena, but interest and research
have continued unabated. Where does research on these topics
February 1982
Vol. 70
No. 2
stand now?
It was with this question in mind that the paper in
this issue was invited.
This pager
reviews
the
history, nomenclature,
conceptual
organization, and status of the generic
field of psychic phe-
nomena; presents
a few detailed examples of contemporary
research that could have ultimate technological implications;
and attempts to offer a balanced view of the viability and value
of continued study of this fascinating and controversial field.
The paper
is
believed
to represent
the
first attempt at a
comprehensive engineering survey of the
field.
Most readers
will likely approach
it with a healthy blend of curiosity and
skepticism.
It is hoped all will find it informative and thought
provoking.
Performance
Evaluation
of
Data
Communication
Systems
(Invited
Paper),
Reiser,
page
171 — Great
strides have been
taken in recent years in developing the architecture of message
or packet-based communication
networks.
Much has been
learned about organizing, controlling, and operating such net-
works, but performance and design principles were developed
in parallel, and networks were built before a complete under-
standing of their performance was achieved.
Major progress
has been made in evaluating the performance of such commu-
nication
systems, and
this
invited paper presents
a
tutorial
survey of the state of the art of this field. The majority of the
literature
on
performance
evaluation
emphasizes
protocol
evaluation, and the author systematically
develops
this
ap-
proach.
Following a general introduction to performance evaluation,
the
paper
gives
considerable
attention
to
the mathematical
tools involved, using the language of the communication engi-
neer.
The major mathematical techniques are Markov chains
applied to discrete time systems and queueing theory. Through-
out emphasis is given to how these tools are applied in practice.
The mathematical methods do not map on a one-to-one basis
to the system, and the leading modeling ideas are highlighted.
The embedding environments in which protocols are analyzed
are discussed in some detail, and the paper follows the frame-
work of layered architecture.
Separate sections are devoted
to the performance analysis of data-link protocols, path-con-
trol protocols, and end-to-end protocols.
ns
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>6
PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE, VOL. 70, NO. 2, FEBRUARY 1982
[132]
M. Schwartz, “Performance analysis of the SNA virtual route
pacing control,” IBM Res. Rep. RC 8490, Thomas
J. Watson
Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY, Sept. 1980.
[133]
F. Tobagi and L. Kleinrock, “Packet switching in radio channels:
Part IV—Stability considerations and dynamic control in carrier
sense
multiple
access,” IEEE
Trans. Commun., vol. COM-25,
pp. 1103-1120, Oct. 1977.
[134]
F.
A.
Tobagi, M.
Gerla,
R. W.
Peebles, and
E. G. Manning,
“Modeling and measurement techniques in packet communica-
tion networks,” Proc. IEEE, vol.
66, no.
11, pp. 1423-1447,
Nov. 1978.
[135]
F. A. Tobagi and V. B. Hunt, “Performance analysis of carrier
sense multiple access with
collision detection,” Comput. Net.,
vol. 4, pp. 245-259, 1980.
[136]
V. L. Wallace, “Algebraic techniques for the numerical solution
of queueing networks,” in Mathematical Methods in Queuing
Theory, A.
B.
Clarke, Ed.
Berlin, Germany:
Springer, 1974,
pp. 295-305.
[137]
C.
H. West, “General technique for communications protocol
validation,” IBM J. Res. Devet., vol.
22, no. 4, pp. 393-404,
July 1978.
[138]
J. W. Wong and M.
S. Unsoy,
“Analysis
of flow control
in
switched data networks,” in Proc. IFIP Conf on Information
Processing.
Amsterdam, The Netherlands : North-Holland, 1977
pp. 315-320.
[139]
J. W. Wong, “Distribution of end-to-end delay in message switched
networks,” Comput. Net., vol. 2, pp. 4
-49, 1978
[140]
J. W. Wong, J.A.B. Moura, and J. A. Field, “Hierarchical model-
ing of local area computer networks,” In Proc. Nat. Telecom-
mun. Conf.
'80 (Houston, TX, 1980).
[ 141 ]
J. W. Wong and S. S. Lam, “Queueing network models of packet-
switching
networks.
Part
1:
Open
networks,” Performance
Evaluation, to be published.
[142]
P. Zafiropulo, C. H. West, H. Rudin, D. D. Cowan, and D. Brand,
"Towards analyzing and synthesizing protocols,” IEEE Trans.
Commun., vol. COM-28, pp. 651-661, Apr. 1980.
Contributors
Bimal K. Bose (S’59-M’60-SM’78) received the
B.E. degree from Calcutta University, Calcutta,
India, in 1956, the M.S. degree from the Uni-
versity of Wisconsin, Madison, in 1960, and the
Ph.D. degree from Calcutta University, in 1966.
He was a Member of Faculty at Calcutta Uni-
versity where he was awarded
the Premchand
Roychand
scholarship
and
the
Mouat
gold
medal for research contributions.
In 1971, he
joined
Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy,
NY,
as
an
Associate
Professor
of
Electrical
Engineering.
He was
responsible
for
organizing undergraduate and
graduate power electronics programs, including an advanced course on
adjustable speed ac drives.
He was a consultant for several industries
including General Electric R&D Center, Bendix Corporation, Lutron
Electronics, and PCI Ozone Corporation.
Since 1976 he has been with
General Electric, Corporate Research and Development, Schenectady,
NY.
His research interests are power conversion systems and micro-
computer-based performance optimization of ac drives.
Dr. Bose has published 42 research papers and holds a number of U.S.
patents.
Recently, he edited the IEEE press book Adjustable SpeedAC
Drives.
He is Chairman of IEEE Transactions Review of Static Power
Converter Committee, a member of the Power Electronics and Micro-
computer
Control
Committee,
the IEEE
Industrial
Electronics and
Control Instrumentation Group, the Scientific Committee of the Inter-
national Conference on Digital Control of Electrical Machine, and of
the Program Committee of the International Static Power Converter
Conference, a member of the Steering Committee for the Workshop on
Automotive Applications of Microprocessors, a member of the Fellow
Nominating Committee for the IEEE Static Power Converter Committee,
and a member of the Program Committee of the Tokyo International
Power Electronics Conference.
Robert
G.
Jahn
received
the
B.S.
degree in
mechanical engineering in 1951, the M.A. de-
gree in physics in 1953, and the Ph.D. degree in
physics in 1955, all from Princeton University,
Princeton, NJ.
He has taught at Lehigh University, Bethle-
hem, PA, at the California Institute of Tech-
nology, Pasadena, and, since 1962, at Princeton
University, where he
is Dean of the School of
Engineering and Applied Science and also serves
as Professor ofAerospace Sciences. His principal
areas of scholarship include high temperature gasdynamics, ionized gas
kinetics, plasmadynamics and plasma propulsion, and his book, The
Physics ofElectric Propulsion remains the standard text in its field.
His
interest
in psychic phenomena traces to his supervision of a student
project begun in 1977, and although his present program in this area
remains a very minor part of his professional activity,
it has achieved
international prominence in the field.
Dr. Jahn received the Curtis W. McGraw Research Award ofthe ASEE,
and he
is a Fellow of both
the American Physical Society and the
American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. He has served on
several NASA Advisory Committees, and is a member and past-chairman
of the Board of Trustees of Associated Universities, Inc.
*
Martin Reiser was born in Switzerland in 1943.
He
received
his
education
from
the
Swiss
Federal
Institute of Technology (ETH) where
he obtained the Ph.D. degree in 1971.
One year
later, he
switched from
the IBM
Zurich Research Laboratory, Rtischlikon, Swit-
zerland, to the IBM Thomas J. Watson Research
Center,
Yorktown
Heights,
NY,
where
he
joined the Performance Evaluation group.
He
specialized in the numerical solution of queueing
networks, and made contributions to the theory
of multichain networks and
their numerical
solution.
Together with
J. Buzen and
H.
Kobayashi, he laid the foundation
for today’s fast
algorithms in queueing networks and created one of the first modeling
software packages, known as QNET 4.
He
is author or co-author of
numerous publications in the field.
After spending about 1 year at the
IBM Research Laboratory in San Jose, CA, he returned to Yorktown
Heights where he was soon appointed Manager of Performance Evalua-
tion. He
led
efforts
in
analysis,
hierarchical
modeling, and
system
measurement.
In
late
1977, he started a new group
in the area of
Computer Communication Network Modeling and Architecture.
This
activity led to a new assignment in 1978 as Senior Manager of Com-
munications and Computer Science back at the IBM Zurich Research
Laboratory, a position he still holds.
His latest technical interests are in
mean-value analysis, a theory he co-founded with S. S. Lavenberg and
which he applied to computer networks.
Dr. Reiser is a member of ACM, IFIP WG.7.3, and IFIP WG 6.4.
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