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The  data,  shown  in  Figure  3,  were  obtained  in  the  following 
procedure.  After  a   20-minute  control  period  in  which  the  temperature 
was  stabilized,  a   predetermined  random  series  of  ten  "heat  and  rest 
commands  were  read  out  by  the  experimenter  at  3-minute  intervals.  The 
recorded  data  indicates  that  nine  of  the  ten  commands  resulted  in 
changes  in  agreement  with  the  commands.  Control  runs  with  other 
laboratory  personnel  under  identical  conditions  yielded  null  results. 
Therefore  it  can  be  concluded  that  the  control  of  temperature  variations 
in  a   remote  object  is  indicated.  Further  work  in  this  area  is  necessary 
to  determine  from  temperature  distributions,  shielding  effects,  etc., 
whether  such  control  is  due  to  an  exquisite  ability  to  control  known 
physical  effects  or  due  to  the  activation  of  some  paranormal  mechanism. 
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c.  4-State  Random  Generator  Experiment 
A   third  experiment  with  Mr.  Swann  involved  the  use  of  an 
electronic  random  number  generator  which  randomly  chooses  one  of 
four  possible  targets  (p  =   1/4)  without  indicating  its  choice  until 
Mr.  Swann  had  indicated  to  the  machine  his  choice  by  pressing  a 
button. 
The  apparatus  used  in  this  work  was  designed  with  the  goal 
of  enhancing  extraordinary  human  functioning  which  may  be  a   more  or 
less  latent  capacity  to  some  extent  in  all  people.  Our  hypothesis  is 
that  enhancement  can  be  accomplished  by  allowing  the  user  of  the 
machine  to  become  consciously  aware  of  his  own  mental  state  at  those 
times  when  he  is  most  successfully  employing  his  extra  sensory  faculties 
With  increased  „   conscious  awareness  of  this  mental  state,  we  hypothesize 
that  he  is  then  able  to  bring  his  otherwise  intermittent  faculties 
under  his  volitional  control. 
An  important  feature  of  the  machine  is  that  the  choice  per  se 
of  a   target  is  not  forced.  That  is,  the  subject  may  press  a   PASS 
button  on  the  machine  when  he  wishes' not  to  guess.  Thus,  with  practice, 
the  subject  can  learn  to  recognize  those  states  of  mind  in  which  he  can 
correctly  choose  the  target.  He  does  not  have  to  guess  at  targets 
when  he  does  not  feel  that  he  "knows”  which  to  choose. 
When  the  PASS  button  is  pushed,  the  machine  indicates  what 
its  choice  was,  and  neither  a   hit  nor  a   trial  is  scored  by  the  machine 
which  then  goes  on  to  make  its  next  selection.  We  consider  this 
elimination  of  forced  choice  to  be  a   significant  condition  for  learning 
to  enhance  extraordinary  perception  abilities. 
When  the  user  of  the  machine  indicates  his  choice  to  the 
machine,  he  is  immediately  and  automatically  informed  of  the  correct 
answer.  Until  that  time  both  experimenter  and  the  subject  remain 
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ignorant  of  the  machine's  state  until  the  subject  has  made  his  choice; 
thus,  the  experiment  is  of  the  double-blind  type. 
Because  the  user  obtains  immediate  information  feedback  as 
to  the  correct  answer,  he  may  be  able  to  recognize  his  mental  state 
at  those  times  when  he  has  made  a   correct  response.  If  the  information 
feedback  to  the  user  were  not  immediate,  we  hypothesize  as  much  learning 
would  not  take  place  and  less  or  no  enhancement  would  be  achieved. 
The  machine  operated  in  a   mode  in  which  a   run  of  trials 
continued  until  20  misses  were  accumulated.  At  that  point  the  run 
was  terminated  and  the  number  of  hits/run  (excess  trials  over  20) 
were  recorded.  Data  with  this  machine  were  obtained  on  seven  separate 
occasions,  resulting  in  the  plot  of  Figure  4.  Total  scoring  was  at 
the  p   =   0.35  level  and  therefore  did  not  differ  from  chance  significantly 
(due  perhaps  to  Mr.  Swann’s  expressed  distaste  for  working  with  machines). 
However,  the  general  increase  in  the  number  of  hits/run  over  the  seven- 
run  period  indicated  a   learning  trend  as  in  the  target  location  experiment 
of  Section  A.  A   least-squares  fit  linear  regression  curve  (learning 
curve)  indicates  a   learning  rate  of  0.7/run  (p  **0.07  significance 
level). 
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D.  Additional  Areas  Indicating  Further  Investigation 
Of  further  significance,  but  difficult  to  evaluate  quantitatively 
at  this  point,  was  a   number  of  subjective  observations  reported  by  Mr. 
Swann  during  the  course  of  experimentation.  Mr.  Swann  is  extremely 
articulate  about  subjective  impressions,  visualizations,  etc.,  which 
leads  to  the  possibility  of  building  up  a   coherent  picture  over  a   long 
period  of  experimentation  which  can  then  be  tested  objectively.  Examples 
include  his  inner  perception  of  helium  gas  as  yeliow  (perhaps  related 
to  the  known  resonance  in  the  yellow  portion  of  the  spectrum),  his 
use  of  visualizations  of  scanning  beams  in  perception  experiments, 
his  reported  subjective  impression  of  scanning  beam  diffraction  into 
a   rainbow  when  a   quartz  prism  was  the  target,  observations  that  extra- 
normal vision  is  weakest  in  the  visible  portion  of  the  spectrum  where 
dependence  on  ordinary  human  vision  predominates,  etc.  If  such  observa- 
tions can  be  brought  into  a   pattern  and  correlated  with  objective  measure- 
ments, significant  insight  into  extraordinary  human  functioning  could 
be  expected* 
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III  TASK  3;  EXPERIMENTATION  WITH  URI  GELLER 
The  experiments  conducted  with  Geller  in  November-December ,  1972, 
fell  into  two  broad  categories: 
1.  Perception  experiments  in  which  he  was  asked  to  identify  and 
draw  the  contents  of  opaque  sealed  envelopes,  to  identify  a   die  face 
concealed  in  a   metal  box,  and  to  find  objects  hidden  in  one  of  ten 
identical  film  cans. 
2.  Experiments  involving  physical  effects  in  which  he  was  asked 
to  interact  with  laboratory  equipment  by  perturbing  the  experimental 
apparatus  without  physical  contact. 
All  experiments  were  monitored  by  simultaneous  filming,  video- 
taping, sound  recording,  and,  where  appropriate,  laboratory  instrumenta- 
tion. The  experiments  performed  with  Mr.  Geller  are  summarized  below 
in  writing  and  a   film  covering  the  experimentation  is  in  progress. 
A,  Probability  1/6  Double-Blind  Dice  Box  Experiment 
A   double-blind  experiment  was  performed  in  which  a   single 
die  was  placed  in  a   closed  metal  box.  The  box  was  vigorously  shaken 
by  one  of  the  experimenters  and  placed  on  a   table.  The  orientation 
of  the  die  inside  the  box  was  unknown  to  the  experimenters  at  that 
time,  Mr.  Geller  would  then  look  at  the  box  without  touching  it  and 
call  out  which  die  face  he  believed  was  uppermost.  He  gave  the  correct 
answer  each  of  8  times  the  experiment  was  performed.  The  probability 
that  this  could  have  occurred  by  chance  alone  is  approximately  one 
in  a   million.  The  experiment  was  actually  performed  ten  times,  but  on 
two  occasions  the  subject  said  his  perception  was  not  clear  and  he 
was  allowed  to  pass. 
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