i —————— el —————— Sa Soe Roy “‘K”’ Bey, for support and encouragement without which this book would not have been possible Lee Liston, for his tireless efforts within the Utah prison system Warren Archer, for cover art Charles F. McCusker, for abstract of findings Richard Erickson, for layout and book design Second Edition ISBN 0-940699-01-X © 1990 Eldon Taylor All Rights Reserved Printed in the United States of America Approved For Release 2000/08/11 : Approved For Release 2000/08/11 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000500390001-0 Other books by Eldon Taylor, Pb.D., available from this publisher: Subliminal Learning Exclusively Fabricated Illusions The Little Black Book Subliminal Technology Simple Things and Simple Thoughts CIA-RDP96-00792R000500390001-0
Approved For Release 2000/08/11 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000500390001-0 CONTENTS About the Author Le ee ix Preface 2.0... ee ees xi Chapter 1. History. 2... ee ee 1 2. Mechanics... 2... ..0. 0... eee eee es 7 3. The Law and Subliminals ............-.-.--. 12 4. Testimonies... 2... 0.00000 eee ee eee 17 5. The Clinical Data... 2... ......00-02--00- 24 6. Subliminal Technology. ............--050+-- 32 7. Scientific Findings... ...........----55-5 42 8. Unanswered Questions ........---+--+-+-:: 50 9. How to Create Your Own Subliminal Program. ... 69 10. In Summary... . 2... ee ee ees 72 Appendixes A. Cover Subliminal... ..........----2----5 75 B. Proposed 1986 Utah Legislation ............. 76 C. Talk-Radio Discussion Highlights. ............- 81 D. Amendments to the Proposed 1986 Utah Legislation .........----20 50552 ee 92 E. Thurstone Measurement Table............--- 93 F. Abstract of Findings ............--.-2-54- 98 Recommended Readings ...........----++02-- 101 Approved For Release 2000/08/11 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000500390001-0 vii
Approved For Release 2000/08/11 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000500390001-0 SUBLIMINAL COMMUNICATION ——————— ne A: By purchasing from major manufacturers that disclose their subliminal content, the old law of the dollar rules. To risk an entire profitable business by covertly ‘‘messing’’ with the stated scripts simply does not make any sense. It is casy with the right technology to “take apart’ and examine the content on most tapes. Some tapes can be examined by using earphones with separate volume controls. Tuning into either left or right channel only is all that is necessary for the verbal to become audible or at least semiaudible. Q: How soon can I expect resulis from using a subliminal tape? A: Most people sense beneficial results within a week or two. All should be aware of gains or adverse reactions within sixty days if the program is solidly conceived and produced. Q: Who uses subliminal programs? A: Everyone from health professionals to educators. Many athletic programs, sales organizations, government agencies, retailers, and others use subliminals, to say nothing of the mil- lions of individual users. Q: Can I use the programs while I sleep? A: One recommended way is to use an autoreverse player going all night long while you sleep. Although sleep learning, deep theta brain wave sleep, is still controversial, at least the REM cycles accompanying dream sleep and the hypnogogic and hypnopopic stages entering and exiting sleep (alpha brain wave sleep) are extremely susceptible periods for positive program- ming. Q: Do I need to keep using the programs for the rest of my life? A: Maybe yes—maybe no. That really depends on you. A subliminal is only a positive information antidote for negative messaging. When the negative ceases to exist, the antidote is no longer necessary. 68 CHAPTER NINE THe HoMEMADE SUBLIMINAL PROGRAM 6-00792R839500390001 -0 Creating an audiocassette subliminal program that forks i relatively simple process, although perhaps too expgasive prove practical. The procedure outlined in this chagter used in my own early research. This process will nogprode commercial quality audio mastering, but it will provide.a usal product. In fact, it was this process that was used to Geate t subliminal titled “‘A Gift of Love’’ that is used in Utads by Si rise, a support group for survivors of suicide victims Yestin nial evidence suggests that it works very well. S There are certain advantages to creating your owseubli nal property. You should weigh those advantages against p fessional standards and quality before investing thes time money necessary to produce a personalized subliminalprogr: Some of the obvious advantages include a sublima@gral sc that can be uniquely and precisely what you desire. (Re care here—much bad karma will come from deliberate or exploit misuse.) Also, you can select whatever music or princ%al sor carrier you prefer. You may choose the gentle sounds y awa fall or ocean background while viewing televisign. I reminded here of a woman who played surreptitioualy to teenagers a good study habits program produced BF Suc Center and carried by ocean waves while they viewed tel sion. She reported that within a short time the teenagers tur off the television set and moved to their rooms to study. 69
Approved For Release 2000/08/11 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000500390001-0 SUBLIMINAL COMMUNICATION Whatever the primary carrier, be careful of copyright infringe- ments! Another advantage is that the voice on the subliminal track can be your own. There is much research suggesting that one responds advantageously to his or her own voice in many cir- cumstances. The six steps to creating a custom program are these: 1. Select and obtain the equipment. 2. Write and record the script. 3. Record the white sound. 4. Mix the script recording with the white-sound recording. 5. Select the principal carrier. 6. Mix the product of step 4 with the principal carrier. Select and obtain the equipment. The equipment needed con- sists of three cassette players, of which one must have record- ing and external input capability and the other two must be equipped with external output functions, a two- to four-channel sound mixer, and a white-sound generator. Inexpensive mixers are readily available from such places as Radio Shack. White-sound units are available from a number of variety and hardware outlets. These units are simple and relatively inex- pensive devices that generate the sounds of running water, ocean surf, etc. Or you can substitute a recording of the sounds of ocean surf for the white-sound unit. You will also need at least four blank cassettes of the length of playing time you choose. Write and record the script. Write your affirmations in an all positive manner (see Chapter 8), then speak them slowly and meaningfully into one of the cassette recorders. Repeat the script over and over for the desired length of time. When fin- ished, rewind the audio track now containing the verbaliza- tion. Record the white sound. Now record another cassette with the chosen white sound, possibly ocean waves. This recording should be the same length as the audio-voice track; for exam- «al thietry mi pie, thirty minutes. Mix the script recording with the white-sound recording. Using the players with external output, connect the mixer 70 THE HOMEMADE SUBLIMINAL PROGRA (mono: two channels; stereo: four channels). Adjust the mixin; volume so that you can barely perceive the spoken affirma tions when they are mixed with the white sound. Wren al adjustments are made, record the mix using the recorder with external input for the desired length of the finished prepiuct. Select the principal carrier. Select now the principal Girrier For your homemade version, music generally works best although you can remix white sound with white soun® Plac this cassette tape—and if it is not already a cassette tay, con vert it into one—in the player that carried the voice reqyrding Mix the product of step 4 with the principal carrie§ Plac the recorded product of your first mix in the player that for merly carried the white-sound-only recording, and mx you two recordings onto one new master. co Good luck, and remember the Golden Rule! Before going to the time and expense involved in ¢yeatin; your own, you may want to inquire of one of the establishe: companies distributing subliminal products. Many coripanie will provide custom subliminal work for substantially less thai the cost of equipment to produce homemade tapes. AsRDP9 Approved For Release 2000/08/11 71
Approved For Release 2000/08/11 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000500390001-0 CHAPTER TEN In SUMMARY Anyone who takes the time and makes the effort necessary to review the literature, conduct studies, and otherwise become fully involved at an interactive level with a subject deserves to have an opinion on that subject. Opinions are always relative to the contextual reference implied by ‘‘authority,’’ but I am not sure there is any such thing as an authority on subliminal communication, even though there are some very good author- ities on various aspects of it, for subliminal communication transcends boundaries inherent to disciplines. There is obvi- ously no specialized discipline graduating students with degrees in ‘‘subliminal.”’ Subliminal communication for the most part is still in the investigative stages. Because this is true, most of those working with subliminal this and subliminal that view themselves as pioneers. In this pioneer’s opinion, subliminal communication is one of the most promising means by which to explore dynam- ically the pragmatic power of the mind. In the metaphor of Maxwell Maltx, many of us have become slaves to our unconscious computers. Our synthetic experiences are generally negative, and our expectations are almost invari- ably limiting. Our individual biocomputer, functioning as a servo- al weanlie: 72 Aecerita one automechanism, is programming dismal realities despite our conscious kicking and struggling, perhaps because most of us were taised to believe we couldn’t, wouldn’t, and shouldn’t— In SUMMai shouldn’t even try. As with any calculator when it is asked t compute, if there is more negative input than positive, the resu is negative. 9 Subliminal communication offers an affordable and>effor less way to rewrite and rebalance the language and ation existing in the biocomputer, that is, the unconsciousggr sut conscious mind. Thus, through subliminal communicafipn, Ww really have an opportunity to truly take charge of the ¢§ntrol: We can indeed change ourselves and the world around @. Wit this realization the possibilities become limitless. fy Today you can be what you think you are, not wh4fothe: thought you might be. You can indeed become the product ¢ your own creation—not the projection viewed from thp lens« of others. © You are indeed self-responsible! As my dear friend, Hiofessc William Guillory, puts it in his wonderful book Reali}ition ‘‘Personal empowerment comes through self-awarenesg.”” The Asclepiads, members of an order of physicians ingpacier Greece, used humor, drama, magic, and mysticism ta teac self-responsibility for thought and action. When propatly pr pared, a suffering victim would experience a liberating§ dreai and walk away healed in mind and body. A return to old@houg! patterns, however, would be followed by the onset offhe ol disease. The magic of the Asclepiads is inherent in oufgaccey tance of self-responsibility. You are what you choose to be. / Pythagoras said, ‘‘Above all else, honor thyself.” Anydie wk has studied his Golden Verses would conclude t@at ha Pythagoras anticipated the appetite of twentieth-centugy wes ern culture for reasons, he would have added, ‘‘for net to c so is to prevent thine honor of all else.” LL Good luck, and may you choose all things wisely! Firtd joy i everything you experience, and all good things will be added. Jo is ultimately the highest expression of unconditional lo&—an that is who you really are. 2 For more information regarding subliminal commuffcatior write: Subliminal Communication P.O. Box 12419 Las Vegas, Nevada 89112 73
APPENDIX B PROPOSED 1986 UTAH LEGISLATION Legislative General Counsel Approved for Filing: DAT Date: 12/13/85; 11:44 AM (Subliminal Communication as Invasion of Privacy) 1986 General Session By Frances Hatch Merrill We oppose surreptitious manipula- tion for purposes of exploitation. An act relating to the judicial code; designating subliminal acommunication without notification as an invasion of privacy; Gproviding remedies; defining terms; and providing a severability clause. 2 This act affects sections of Utah Code Annotated 1953 as fol- dows: @ Enacts: © Chapter 17, Title 78, Utah Code Annotated 1953 Be it enacted Sy the Legislature of the state of Utah: < Section 1. Chapter 17, Title 78, Utah Code Annotated 1953, is enacted to read: ; 78-17-1. As used in this chapter, ‘‘subliminally embedded communication’’ means any device or technique that is inten- tionally used to convey or attempt to convey a message to a H.B. 106 ase 2000/08/11 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000500390001-0 76 ProposeD 1986 UtTan LEGISLATION person by means of images, writing, or sounds which are not consciously perceivable. ° 78-17-2. It is an invasion of privacy for any person insthis State to Convey or cause to be conveyed to any individualany communication which the person knows or should know §pn- tains a subliminally embedded communication, unless theer- son: 3 (1) makes or causes to be made a notification, in the mafher required by Section 78-17-3, of the existence of the sak nally embedded communication; and “N (2) provides to the individual, on request, a written des@Pip- tion of the content of the subliminally embedded commufica- tion. co 78-17-3. The notification required by Section 78-17-2 shall: (1) be reasonably calculated to notify persons to whongthe subliminally embedded communication may be transmitt& of the existence of the subliminally embedded communicatigg; (2) include a notification of the availability of a written desb?ip- tion of the content of the subliminally embedded communica- tion and of the name and address of the person conveying ¥ or causing it to be conveyed, for use by individuals to whongzhe communication is conveyed in obtaining the written des@ip- tion; S (3)(a) be made in conspicuously placed and easily legible type, if the communication is intended to be seen; or # (b) be made in a clearly audible manner immediately prig to the communication being made, if the communicatio?? is intended to be heard; and . (4) in addition to the requirements of Subsection (3), be ngide in conspicuously placed and easily legible type on the facg of any label or packaging of the medium containing the comiu- nication, whether the communication is intended to be seeQ or heard. 2S 78-17-4. Any individual whose privacy has been invade as a result of an act described in this chapter, or the state of Utah, may maintain an action to enjoin the continuance of the sub- liminally embedded communication until the person convey- ing the communication or causing it to be conveyed makes or 77
APPENDIX B causes to be made the notification described in Section 78-17-2 and provides a written description of the content of the sub- minally embedded communication to any person requesting & Actual damages need not be alleged or proved to support fe injunction. © 78-17-5. In addition to or in lieu of the remedy provided in Section 78-17-3, an individual whose privacy has been invaded as a result of an act described in this chapter may maintain an étion against the person who conveyed the communication or Raused it to be conveyed for the recovery of three times his getual damages, for punitive damages, and for costs of suit, qacluding reasonable attorney’s fees. * Section 2. If any provision of this act, or the application of @ny provision to any person or circumstance, is held invalid, One remainder of this act is given effect without the invalid @frovision or application. 6-0 Legislative General Counsel Approved for Filing: DAT Date: 12/13/85; 11:41 AM (Subliminal Communication As Unfair Competition) 1986 General Session vw) H.B. 107 By Frances Hatch Merrill @ An act relating to commerce and trade; amending the unfair Practices act to include subliminal communication without noti- qeion as unfair competition; defining terms; and providing a gseverability clause. © This act affects sections of Utah Code Annotated 1953 as fol- fLyws: © Enacts: 2 13-5-3.1, Utah Code Annotated 1953 e 2000/08/11 : CIA a . < Be it enacted by the Legislature of the state of Utah: Section 1. Section 13-5-3.1, Utah Code Annotated 1953, is enacted to read: 13-5-3.1. (1) As used in this section, “‘subliminally embed- ded communication’’ means any device or technique that is 78 PROPOSED 1986 UTAH LEGISLATION intentionally used to convey or attempt to convey a message to a person by means of images, writing, or sounds which ar @ot consciously perceived. Oo (2) It is an unfair method of competition in commerc@por trade for any person in this state to convey or cause to be Qn- veyed to the public a communication intended to result in mon- etary gain which the person knows or should know contaiis a subliminally embedded communication, or to manufacture, @s- tribute, or sell in this state any printed, audio, or visual medfim which the person knows or should know contains a subliai- nally embedded communication, unless the person: N- (a) makes or causes to be made a notification, in the manger required by Subsection (3), of the existence of the subliminadly embedded communication; and 2 (b) provides to any person, on request, a written descripGdn of the content of the subliminally embedded communicatiog. (3) The notification required by Subsection (2)(a) shall: = (a) be reasonably calculated to notify persons to whom The subliminally embedded communication may be transmitted-of the existence of the subliminally embedded communications (b) include a notification of the availability of a written desc&- tion of the content of the subliminally embedded communke tion and of the name and address of the person conveying ifr causing it to be conveyed, for use by persons to whom the communication is conveyed in obtaining the written descii- tion; o (c)() be made in conspicuously placed and easily legible tyate, if the communication is intended to be seen; or re} (ii) be made in a clearly audible manner immediately prioHto the communication being made, if the communicationGis intended to be heard; and > (d) in addition to the requirements of Subsection (2)(c), Se made in conspicuously placed and easily legible type on the face of any label or packaging of the medium containing the communication, whether the communication is intended to be seen or heard. Section 2. If any provision of this act, or the application of any provision to any person or circumstance, is held invalid, 79
APPENDIX B the remainder of this act is given effect without the invalid pépvision or application. Legislative General Counsel Approved for Filing: DAT Date: 12/13/85; 11:30 AM subliminal Communication Cause of Action) — 1986 N General Session 2H.B. 108 By Frances Hatch Merrill SAn act relating to the judicial code; creating a civil cause of agtion for injury or death caused by subliminal communica- eon; defining terms; and providing a severability clause. QThis act affects sections of Utah Code Annotated 1953 as Rilows: <LEnacts: O78-11-7.5, Utah Code Annotated 1953 —Be it enacted by the Legislature of the state of Utah: <Section 1. Section 78-11-7.5, Utah Code Annotated 1953, is epacted to read: O78-11-7.5. (1) An action for damages resulting from injury or Gath of a person may be maintained by the person or, as per- fpitted by Sections 78-11-6 and 78-11-7, his parent, guardian, Iwirs, or personal representative, against a person who know- iogly communicated or caused to be communicated a sublimi- Pilly embedded communication which proximately resulted io the injury or death. 2 (2) As used in this section, ‘‘subliminally embedded egmmunication” means any device or technique that is inten- onally used to convey or attempt to convey a message to a ferson by means of images, writing, or sounds which are not eonsciously perceived. g Section 2. If any provision of this act, or the application of any provision to any person or circumstance, is held invalid, the remainder of this act is given effect without the invalid provision or application. 500390001 R 80 APPENDIX C TALK-RADIO DISCUSSION - HIGHLIGHTS Taylor: | understand the intent of this legislation is to elimpy nate willful exploitation of the public via subliminal tecif€ nology. Jessop: That’s correct, Eldon. Taylor: The Mind Mint thoroughly supports that. Not to sup— port it is un-American. Virgil, you correct me if I get it wrong_ but in reviewing the bills myself, I have some problems becaugg the language is rather ambiguous and by definition perhaps could tie the hands of our behavioral scientists, our self-help comms nity, and for that matter maybe even the conversations a moi might have with her child. This is where you are coming fromp is that right? S Hayes: | believe that could possibly be the interpretation—a® vague as the interpretation is, and I think that’s what weft here to address tonight, Eldon. So I think that it might be approo priate if we were to have a partial reading of the bills so that the public might have more of an idea what the bill actuallp states. re) Jessop: Basically we have three bills. H.B. 106 is primarilg discussing the use of subliminal communication as an invasiggP of privacy. It is our contention that an individual has the right wh We tard ¢ ant th i to be subjected to whatever they want to be subjected to as long as they have prior notification that they are going to be subjected to this. That’s one of the reasons why we believe P96-00792R000500390001-0 CIA 81
APPENDIX D > -0 = ew ze, —) = eo ze, ae | 7, oe | on) ar | == i PROPOSED 1986 UTAH LEGISLATION House Committee Amendments < January 29, 1986 @epresentative Merrill proposes the following amendments toJH.B. 106, Subliminal Communication As Invasion of Privacy. Page 1, Lines 19-22: Delete Section 78-17-1 in its entirety ar insert the following in its place: $8-17-1. ‘“‘Subliminally embedded communication’’ means any vignal image, writing, or sound which is intentionally placed inAny printing, audio, or visual medium in order to draw atten- tid to the subject of the medium without the visual image, wiiting, or sound being consciously perceived, or in order to ditectly convey or attempt to convey a message which is not cGfisciously perceived. It does not include images or impres- sigs which are conveyed by implication or by visual images or a series of visual images which are consciously perceived. tah H.B. 106 , Subject: Subliminal Communication as Invasion of Privacy Suggested amendments: Sdd as Section 78-17-6 (page 3 of the Bill): 78-17-6. The provisions of this chapter shall not apply to any entity whose only participation in the conveyance of such any entity whose only participation in the conveyance of such messages is as a provider of facilities or services for the trans- mission of communications to the public. A-RDP96-00792R0005 92 APPENDIX E THURSTONE MEASUREMENT TABLE The Thurstone Temperament Scale measures seven different areas of the subject’s personality: Activity Vigorousness Impulsiveness Dominance Stability Sociability Reflectivity The figures on the following pages show pretest and posttest measurements taken in connection with the study of the effects of subliminal communication on inmates at the Utah State Prison. 93 Approved For Release 2000/08/11 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000500390001-0
APPENDIX E Approved For Release 2000/08/11 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000500390001-0 WERY HIGH HIGH HIGH AVERAGE AVERAGE Low AVERAGE Low 20 | VERY LOW Adult Profile [_secvisy J viporonaness_[ impulsiveness ['" Domiaance Y Senbiiry [soctatitny J] Befccavey | PERERA Re if ait : 1-1: BOBRE noe Figure 1. Pretest measurement. 94 3 $ 8 20 PERCENTILE HIGH AVERAGE Law VERY HIGH AVERAGE * a VERY LOW THURSTONE MEASUREMENT TABLE Adult Profile ELHENEANCEEE Hf t ae Figure 2. Posttest measurement. 95 3 8 8 20 PERCENTILE Approved For Release 2000/08/11 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000500390001-0
Approved For Release 2000/08/11 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000500390001-0 APPENDIX F ABSTRACT OF FINDINGS by CHARLES F. McCLUSKER Thirty-eight male residents (average age, twenty-three) from the Unit at the Utah State Prison completed the Thurstone Tem- perament Schedule in a voluntary participatory study. Follow- ing administration, subjects were randomly placed in one of three groups (experimental, fourteen; placebo, thirteen; and control, eleven). The experimental group received and played a subliminal tape for twenty days. The placebo group received and played a similar sounding tape without an embedded sub- liminal message, while the control group had no tape expo- sure. At the end of twenty days a second Thurstone Tempera- ment Schedule was administered. In the experimental group five subjects remained who had completed the procedure, three in the placebo, and eight in the control. Others were lost due to discharges or unwillingness to participate. In a comparison of the experimental and control groups, the following results were obtained. The Dominance scale scores decreased while the: Reflective and Stability scale scores increased in the Experimental group (desired effects). The Dom- inance scale scores increased while the Reflective scale scores decreased in the Control group. These are interesting results across groups. In the experimental group these results would be predicted by focus of the embedded subliminal messages. In the placebo group the opposite effect obtained may be explained by the fact that they (the subjects) listened to a tape without a oR ABSTRACT OF FINDINGS message and felt no change. They obtained no reinforcement to continue, and possibly experienced some frustration. © It is stressed that this pilot study had limitations, especially in time of implementation and sample size. =4 It is not the intention of the experimenters to gener@lize beyond the obtained results. It must be stressed, however ¢ghat to evaluate an incarcerated population was a unique oppartu- nity; to our knowledge this was the first time subliminal éch- nology has been evaluated with this population. The rBplts indicated change and strongly suggest the need for fuffher research with benefit to these individuals and society ingqen- eral, as this technology is better understood and applied3n a wide variety of applications and settings. ° co > ou Q oc 4 Experimental Control Predifferences to postdifferences Predifferences to postdifferen Scale Rate of Scale Rate of ‘Movement Variable Change Movement Variable Chaage a = ) Stability +3.4 ft Stability o8 oO 4 Reflectivity +2.6 y Reflectivity So ® } Dominance —2.7 h Dominance +B4 . & a Som fe] LL Figure 5. Comparisons between the experimental group aad the control group. 5 Sm joe joe a6 99
Approved For Release 2000/08/11 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000500390001-0 RECOMMENDED READINGS -RDP96-00792R000500390001 -0 Adams, V. May 1982. ‘‘Mommy and I are one’’: Beaming me to inner space. Psychology Today, 16 (9), 24. Adamson, R.; Henke, P.; and O’Donovan, D. 1969. Avoidancéyon- ditioning following preadaptation to weak shock. Poebormic Science, 14 (3), 119-21. Advertising Age. 28 Feb. 1985, p. 6. Ads against wall in ice background. Advertising Age. 13 Aug. 1984, p. 6. Spirits industry beamgver BATF review. Advertising Age. 14 June 1982, p. 63. New Woman magazing has developed what it calls ‘‘subliminal synergism,”’ a techque whereby the dominant color or colors of a four-color ad@age are picked up on the page opposite as a color-coded tint fock behind a headline. 2 Advertising Age. 5 Jan. 1981, p. 36. Inappropriate modifierg;can seriously water down an ad message, warns Social Rese&ch, Inc. Chicago: BB Gardner. o American Metal Market. 16 Aug. 1984, p. 14. Shoplifting reed 80 percent by subliminal technology. Andersson, A. L.; Fries, I.; and Smith, G. J. 1970. Change in rier image and spiral aftereffect serials due to anxiety caused by subliminal threat. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 11 (1), 7-17. ges A 101
SUBLIMINAL COMMUNICATION TT ——eeeeeoOooOoeoeleeeeeeaaeaeaeaeaeeaeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee eo Antell, M. J. Feb. 1970. The effect of priming and the subliminal ? presentation of sexual and aggressive stimuli on tests of creativ- ity. Dissertation Abstracts International, 30 (8—B), 3859-60. Antell, J. J., and Goldberger, L. 1978. The effects of subliminally presented sexual and aggressive stimuli on literary creativity. Psychological Research Bulletin, Lund Univ., 19 (7), 20. Ariam, S., and Siller, J. Oct. 1982. Effects of subliminal oneness stimuli in Hebrew on academic performance of Israeli high school students: Further evidence on the adaptation-enhancing effects of symbiotic fantasies in another culture using another language. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 91 (5). Arzumanov, IuL. Sept.-Oct. 1974. Elaboration of temporary con- nections in man using unrecognized visual stimuli. Z» Vyssh Nerv Deiat, 24 (5), 917-23. Augenbraun, H. R. June 1983. The effect of subliminal activation of unconscious fantasies in the treatment of juvenile-onset and adult-onset obesity. Dissertation Abstracts International, 43 (12-B), 4134. Babighian, G. July-Aug. 1969. Behavior and clinical importance of various subliminal tests in Menier’s disease. Minerva Otorinolaringo (Italy), 19 (4), 215-22. Bagby, P. K. June 1985. The effect of symbiotic and oedipal sub- liminal stimuli on field independence and competitive tasks. Dissertation Abstracts International, 45 (12-B, Pt 1), 3927. Baker, L. E. 1937. The influence of subliminal stimuli upon verbal behavior. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 20. Balota, D. A. June 1982. Automatic and attention activation in semantic and episodic memory: Implications for the utility of conscious awareness. Dissertation Abstracts International, 42 (12-B, Pt 1), 4952. Bancroft, W. J. 1976. Suggestology and suggestopedia: The theory of the Lozanov method. Banreti-Fuchs, K. M. 1967. Perception without awareness. Acta Psychologia (Amsterdam, Netherlands), 26 (2), 148-60. Barber, P. J., and Rushton, J. F. Aug. 1975. Experimenter bias and subliminal perception. British Journal of Psychology, 66 (3), 257-7 : Barchas, P. R., and Perlaki, K. M. June 1986. Processing of pre- consciously acquired information measured by hemispheric asym- metry and selection accuracy. Bebav Neurosci, 100 (3), 343-49. 0 -RDP96-00792R000500390001 Approved For Release 2000/08/11 : CIA 19? RECOMMENDED READINGS Barenklau, K. E. Dec. 1981. Using subliminals in technical train- ing. Training, 18 (1), 50-51. oO Bargh, J. A.; Bond, R. N.; Lombardi, W. J.; and Tota, M. E. irtay 1986. The additive nature of chronic and temporary sourcadof construct accessibility. Journal of Personality and Social b= - chology, 50 (5), 869-78. 3 Barkoczi, I.; Sera, L.; and Komlosi, A. Mar. 1983. RelationsRips between functional asymmetry of the hemispheres, sublindnal perception, and some defense mechanisms in various exjepri- mental settings. Psychologia: An International Journal of Boy. chology in the Orient, 26 (1), 1-20. o Battersby, W. S., and Defabaugh, G. L. July 1969. Neural lirketa- tions of visual excitability: After-effects of subliminal stinftdla- tion. Vision Research (England), 9 (7), 757-68. S Bauer, W. Feb. 1986. The effects of conditional and unconditiPral subliminal symbiotic stimuli on intrinsic motivation. Dissqyta- tion Abstracts International, 46 (8-B), 2794-95. < Becker, H. C.; Chamberlain S.; Burt, S.; Heisse, J.; and Maring)D. Poster session reported to the American Society of Clinical Hyp- nosis, 25th Annual Scientific Meeting. = Becker, H. C., and Charbonnet, K. D. 28 Mar. 1980. Applicatéons of subliminal video and audio stimuli in therapeutic, edica- tional, industrial, and commercial settings. Eighth Annual Nexth- east Bioengineering Conference, Massachusetts Institute of T&eh- nology, Cambridge. ® Becker, H. C., and McDonagh, E. W. Nov. 1979. Subliminal agm- munication (subliminal psychodynamic activation) in rehaPili- tative and preventive medicine. Proceedings of the Ninth Anqgal Conference of the Society for Computer Medicine. Atlanta.6 Becker, H. C., and Glauzer, N. H. 10-12 Apr. 1978. Sublinkinal communication: Advances in audiovisual engineering app#ca- tions for behavior therapy and education. Proceedings ofpthe 1978 Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Ke, Son 3 Conference. rol Becker, H. C.; Jewell, J. F.; and Alito, P. 13-17 Mar. 1977. Vf™eo and audio signal monitors/processors for subliminal communi- cation in weight control. Proceedings of the 112th Annual Meet- ing of the Association for the Advancement of Medical Instru- mentation (AAMI). San Francisco. 103
SUBLIMINAL COMMUNICATION Becker, H. C., and Elder, S. T. 5-11 Sept. 1966. Can subliminal perception be useful to the psychiatrist? Excerpta Medica (Inter- national Congress Series No. 117). Abstract of paper presented to the IV World Congress of Psychiatry, Madrid. ecker, H. C.; Corrigan, R. E.; Elder, S. T.; Tallant, J. D.; and Goldstein, M. 22-27 Aug. 1965. Subliminal communication: bio- logical engineering considerations. In Digest of the 6th Inter- national Conference on Medical Electronics and Biological Engineering, pp. 452-53. Tokyo. eisgen, R. T., Jr.; and Gibby, R. G., Jr. 1969. Virginia Common- wealth Univ. Autonomic and verbal discrimination of a sublim- inally learned task. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 29 (2), 503-7. OBeloff, J. May 1973. The subliminal and the extrasensory. Para- © psychology Review, 4 (3), 23-27. O.Ben-Hur, A. Nov. 1970. The relationship of systematic desensiti- zation and the activation of symbiotic merging fantasy to speech anxiety reduction among college students. Dissertation Abstracts International, 40 (5—- B), 2351-52. ~ Bernstein, B. R. Feb. 1986. The effects of subliminal symbiotic and oedipal stimuli on weight loss in obese women. Disserta- tion Abstracts International, 46 (8-B), 2795. Berry, D. M. May 1985. Effects of educative/support groups and subliminal psychodynamic activation on bulimia in college women. Dissertation Abstracts International, 45 (11-B), 3612. Bevin, W. Feb. 1964. Subliminal stimulation: A pervasive problem for psychology. Psychological Bulletin, 61 (2), 84-92. @Block, M. P., and Vanden Bergh, B. G. 1985. Michigan State Univ. ® Can you sell subliminal messages to consumers? Journal of _ Advertising, 14 (3), 59-62. OBohm, D., and Peat, D. 1987. Science, Order and Creativity. New WL - York: Bantam. @Borgeat, F. Dec. 1983. Psychophysiological effects of two differ- ent relaxation procedures: Progressive relaxation and subiimi- nal relaxation. Psychiatric Journal of the University of Ottawa, 8 (4), 181-85. Borgeat, F., and Chaloult, L. Mar. 1985. A relaxation experiment using radio broadcasts. Canada’s Mental Health, 33 (1), 11-13. Borgeat, F.; Elie, R.; Chaloult, L.; and Chabot, R. Feb. 1985. Psychophysiological responses to masked auditory stimuli. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 30 (1), 22-27. 0792R000500390001-0 9 CIA-RD 000/08/11 N d Release Approv 104 RECOMMENDED READINGS Borgeat, F., and Pannetier, M. F. 1982. Value of cumulative electrodermal responses in subliminal auditory perceptionOA preliminary study. Encephale, 8 (4), 487-99. = Borgeat, F.; Chabot, R.; and Chaloult, L. June 1981. Sublimianl perception and level of activation. Canadian Journal of FRy- chiatry, 26 (4), 255-59. 3S Bouchard, S. J. Dec. 1984. Effects of a self-administered sublifpi- nal relaxation treatment on anxiety. Dissertation Abstratts International, 45 (6-B), 1906. S Bower, B. Fall 1986. Newsletter article, Is it all in the mind? InkG- tute of Noetic Sciences. o> Bower, B. 8 Mar. 1978. Subliminal messages: Changes for the Het ter? Science News, 129 (3), 156. ° Brandeis, D., and Lehmann, D. 1986. Event-related potentials} the brain and cognitive processes: Approaches and applicatiofis. Neuropsychologia, 24 (1), 151-68. rd Brennan, S. M. Dec. 1984. The effect of subliminal separatigp- individuation schemas on moral reasoning and mood fn depressed and nondepressed women. Dissertation Abstracts International, 45 (6-B), 1907. <r Bromfield, R. N. May 1986. Subliminal psychodynamic activatiqy: Demonstration, oedipal factors and personality correlates. Q- sertation Abstracts International, 46 (11-B), 4005. =4 Bronstein, A. A. Mar. 1983. An experimental study of internaliga- tion fantasies in schizophrenic men. Psychotherapy: Theogy, Research and Practice, 20 (4), 408-16. # Brosgole, L., and Contino, A. F. June 1973. Intrusion of subthreshold learning upon later performance. PsychologiG@l Reports, 32 (3), 795-99. 7 Brush, J. Oct. 1982. Subliminal stimulation in asthma: Imagin®, associative, and physiological effects. Dissertation Abstraggs International, 43 (4-B), 1294-95. © Bryant-Tuckett, R. M. June 1981. The effects of subliminal meg. ing stimuli on the academic performance of emotionally hang- icapped students. Dissertation Abstracts International, & (12-B), 4654. Bryant-Tuckett, R., and Silverman, L. H. July 1984. Effects of the subliminal stimulation of symbiotic fantasies on the academic performance of emotionally handicapped students. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 31 (3), 295-305. 105
SUBLIMINAL COMMUNICATION Budzynski, T. 1977. Tuning in on the twilight zone. Psychology © Today, 11 (3), 38-44. < Building Supply and Home Centers (formerly Building Supply News). Apr. 1987, pp. 88-94. Crooked employees. = Burkham, P. Apr. 1982. The effect of subliminal presentation of two gratifying fantasies on female depressives. Dissertation Abstracts International, 42 (10-B), 4183. Business Week Industrial Edition. 19 May 1986, pp. 126-28. Reel- ing and dealing: Video meet Wall Street. Carroll, R. T. July 1980. Neurophysiological and psychological mediators of response to subliminal perception: The influence of hemisphericity and defensive style on susceptibility to sub- liminally presented conflict-laden stimuli. Dissertation Abstracts International, 41 (1-B), 342-43. . Carter, R. Jan.-Feb. 1986. Whispering soft nothings to the shop thief: How ‘‘reinforcement messaging’’ works. Retail and Dis- tribution Management (UK), 14 (1), 36, 39. Chain Store Age Executive Edition. July 1986, pp. 85, 88. Sub- liminal messages: Subtle crime stoppers. Chaloult, L.; Borgeat, F.; and Chabot, R. Dec. 1980. Subliminal perception. 1. Its nature and the controversy engendered. Union Med Can, 109 (12), 694-700. Charman, D. K. 1979. An examination of relationships between subliminal perception, visual information processing, levels of processing, and hemispheric asymmetries. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 49 (2), 451-55. Cheesman, J., and Merikle, P. M. Oct. 1984. Priming with and without awareness. Perception and Psychophysics, 36 (A), 387-95. Citrin, M. D. May 1980. The effects of subliminal oedipal stimu- lation on competitive performance in college males and females. Dissertation Abstracts International, 40 (11-B), 5399-5400. Ciaire, J. B. 1981. A hoiographic modei of a psychosomatic pat- tern: Freud’s specimen dream reinterpreted. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 36 (2), 132-42. Cohen, R. O. Nov. 1977. The effects of four subliminally intro- duced merging stimuli on the psychopathology of schizophrenic women. Dissertation Abstracts International, 38 (5-B), 2356-57. Computer Decisions. 29 Jan. 1985, p. 26. Suggestive software. 00 Approved For Release 2000/08/11 : CIA-RDP96-00792R0005003 106 RECOMMENDED READINGS Cook, H. Fall 1985. Effects of subliminal symbiotic gratification and the magic of believing on achievement. Psychoanalytic Psychology, 2 (4), 365-71. ~ Cooper, C., and Kline, P. Feb. 1986. An evaluation of the Defgnse Mechanism Test. British Journal of Psychology, 77 (1), 16232. Crawford, M. A. Aug. 1985. Subliminal messaging—50s tecimol- ogy enjoys a rebirth. Security Management, 29 (8), 5456 Cuperfain, R., and Clarke, T. K. 1985. A new perspective of§ub- liminal perception. Journal of Advertising, 14 (1), 36-418 Czyzewksa-Pacewicz, M. 1984. The priming phenomenon in sq@gjan- tic memory evoked by subthreshold stimuli. Prz@{lad Psychologiczny, 27 (3), 617-29. S Dauber, R. B. Feb. 1984. Subliminal psychodynamic activatiqn in depression: On the role of autonomy issues in depressed&col- lege women. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 93 (1), 9-018. — Dean, D., and Nash, C. B. 1967. Coincident plethysmograph régults under controlled conditions. Journal of the Society of Psycfical Research, 44 (731), 1-14. < DeChenne, J. A. Oct. 1976. An experimental study to determfite if a task involving psychomotor and problem solving skills can be taught subliminally. Dissertation Abstracts Internationa, 37 (4-A), 1947. r=) DeHaan, H. J. A speech-rate intelligibility/comprehensibility tlesh- old for speeded and time-compressed connected speech@u.s. Army Research Institute for the Behavioral and Social Sciétces, 1978 (June) TB 297. Q de Martino, C. R. 1969. The effects of subliminal stimulatioJas a function of stimulus content, drive arcusal and priminggand defense against drive. Dissertation Abstracts Internation, 29 (12-B), 4843. re} Dixon, N. 1981. Preconscious Processing. New York: Wiley+ Dixon, N. F. 1983. Data from different areas of research are reviewed to develop a flow model io explain how physioiggical events in the brain give rise to representations in the fpind. Archiv fiir Psychologie, 135 (1), 55-66. roe Dixon, N. F. 1981. The conscious/unconscious interface: CBatri- butions to an understanding. Psychological Research Bulletin, Lund Univ., 21 (5), 15. Dixon, N. F. May-June 1979. Subliminal perception and parapsy- chology: Points of contact. Parapsychology Review, 10 (3), 1-6. 107
SUBLIMINAL COMMUNICATION Dixon, N. F. 1971. Subliminal Perception: The Nature of a Con- otroversy. London: McGraw-Hill. Bixon, N. F. 1968. ‘‘Perception without awareness’’: A reply to Sk. M. Bainrelti-Fuchs. Acta Psychologica (Amsterdam, Nether- ©lands), 28 (2), 171-80. Bixon, N. F.; Henley, 8. H.; and Weir, C. G. Spring 1984. Extrac- Stion of information from continuously masked successive stim- Suli: An exploratory study. Current Psychological Research and S Reviews, 3 (1), 38-44. Doerries, L. E., and Harcum, E. R. Aug. 1967. Long-term traces of i tachistoscopic word perception. Perceptual and Motor Skills ™~(U.S.) 25 (1), 25-33. munham, W.R. 1984. The Science of Vital Force. Boston: Damrell and Upham. Biran, J. S., and Marcia, J. E. 1967. Treatment of fears by expect- Qancy manipulation: An exploratory investigation. Proceedings Oo of the 75th Annual Convention of the American Psychological <f Association, 2, 239-40. ftomelkamp, P. M., and Straatman, H. 1976. A psychoanalytic —feinterpretation of the effectiveness of systematic desensitiza- < tion: Fact or fiction? Bebaviour Research and Therapy, 14 (3), © 245-49. Bnrich, H., and Heinemann, L. G. 1966. EEG with subliminal per- S ception of emotionally significant. words. Psychologische N Forschung, 29 (4), 285-96. Baetyi, M. H. Nov. 1972. Role of fantasy in the Poetzl (emer- S gency) phenomenon. Journal of Personality and Social Psy- ‘o chology, 24 (2), 186-90. M@oelyi, M. H. 1974. A new look at the new look: Perceptual © defense and vigilance. Psychological Review, 81, 1-25. Faenza, V. July-Oct. 1966. Conditions of equivocity of the response Sin relation to the problem of “‘subliminal perception.” Arch > Psicol Neurol Psichiair (Italy), 27 (4), 443-55. Rrre, M. Nov.-Dec. 1965. Degree of discernability of the stimulus oand perceptive behavior. Arch Psicol Neurol Psichiatr (Italy), <L 26 (6), 566-76. Feldman, J. B. May 1979. The utilization of the subliminal psychodynamic activation method in the further examination of conscious and unconscious measures of death anxiety. Dis- sertation Abstracts International, 39 (11-B), 5547-48. 108 RECOMMENDED READINGS Ferguson, M. 1986. Brain/Mind Bulletin. Perspective, 11 (9). Ferguson, M. 1985. Brain/Mind Bulletin. Perspective, 7 (4). ° Field, G. A. 1974. The unconscious organization. Psychoanal yits Review, 61 (3), 333-54. ° Fisher, C. 1956. Dreams, images, and perception: A study § unconscious-preconscious relationships. Journal of the AmefB can Psychoanalytic Association, 4-48. 4 Fisher, C. B.; Glenwick, D. S.; and Blumenthal, R. S. Aug. 1980 Subliminal oedipal stimuli and competitive performance: ADB investigation of between-groups effects and mediating subj variables. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 95 (3), 292-24. > Fisher, S. May 1976. Conditions affecting boundary response @ Messages out of awareness. Journal of Nervous and Ment Disease, 162 (5), 313-22. @ Fisher, S. Aug. 1975. State Univ. New York. Effects of messagPs reported to be out of awareness upon the body boundary. Joz@zé nal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 161 (2), 90-99. < Fiss, H. Dec. 1966. The effects of experimentally induced changgs in alertness on response to subliminal stimulation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (U. S.), 34 (4), 577-95. = Florek, W. G. Nov. 1985. An investigation of the effects of stimed lating symbiotic fantasies in primipara females. Dissertati Abstracts International, 46 (5—B), 1720. ° Folio: The Magazine for Magazine Management, Sept. 1982, pp 32, 34. ‘Subliminal synergism’—harmonized color schem@ between an ad and facing editorial copy—attracts advertisers New Woman magazine. 2 Foodman, A. 1976. Hemispheric asymmetrical brain wave india tors of unconscious mental processes. Journal of Operationg Psychiatry, 7 (1), 3-15. LL Foster, R. P. Apr. 1982. The effects of subliminal tachistoscopff presentation of drive-related stimuli on the cognitive function ing of paranoid and nonparanoid schizophrenics. Dissertatiog Abstracts International, 42 (10-B), 4190-91. o. Fox, Muriel 1966. Differential effects of subliminal and supralimin stimulation. Dissertation Abstracts International, 27 (4B), 1289-90. Frauman, D. C.; Lynn, S. J.; Hardaway, R.; and Molteni, A. Nov. 1984. Effect of subliminal symbiotic activation on hypnotic rap- 109
Approved For Release 2000/08/11 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000500390001-0 SUBLIMINAL COMMUNICATION port and susceptibility. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 93 (4), 481-483. Fribourg, A. June 1981. The effect of fantasies of merging with a good-mother figure on schizophrenic pathology. Journal of Ner- vous and Mental Disease, 169 (6), 337-47. Fribourg, A. Sept. 1979. The effect of fantasies of merging with a good-mother figure on schizophrenic pathology. Dissertation Abstracts International, 40 (3~—B), 1363. Friedman, S. 1976. Perceptual registration of the analyst outside of awareness. Psychoanalytic Quarterly, 45 (1), 128-30. Froufe, T. M., and Sierra, D.B. June 1985. Perception without aware- ness. Boletin de Psicologia (Spain), 7, 7-50. Fulford, P. F. Oct. 1980. The effect of subliminal merging stimuli on test anxiety. Dissertation Abstracts International, 41 (4-B), 1503. Gade, P. A., and Gertman, David. ‘‘Listening to compressed speech: The effects of instructions, experience and preference.’ U.S. Army Research Institute for the Behavioral and Social Science, Aug. 1979, TP 369. Gadlin, W., and Fiss, H. 1967. Odor as a facilitator of the effects of subliminal stimulation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 7 (1, Pt. 1), 95-100. Ganovski, L. 1977. The role of peripheral perceptions in solving mental tasks. Activitas Nervosa Superior, 19 (4), 280-81. Geisler, C. J. Oct. 1986. The use of subliminal psychodynamic activation in the study of repression. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (U. S.), 51 (4), 844-45. Geisler, C. J. May 1983. A new experimental method for the study of the psychoanalytic concept of repression. Dissertation Abstracts International, 43 (11-B), 3757. Giddan, N.S. Mar. 1967. Recovery through images of briefly flashed stimuli. Journal Personal Social Psychology (U.S.), 35 (1), 1-19. Glaser, M., and Chi, J. 5 Nov. 1984. More competition, slower growth ahead for drug chains/employee theft an ‘“‘epidemic’’: Loss prevention chief. Drug Topics, 128 (21), 84-85. Glennon, S. June 1984. The effects of functional brain asymmetry and hemisphericity on the subliminal activation of residual oedi- pal conflicts. Dissertation Abstracts International, 44 (12-B), 3931-32. 110 RECOMMENDED READINGS Glover, E. D. Mar. 1978. The influence of subliminal perception on smoking behavior. Dissertation Abstracts Internationa}, 38 (9-A), 5265. = Golland, J. H. 1967. The effects of experimental drive arougal on response to subliminal stimulation. Dissertation AbsfRacts International, 27 (11-B), 4123. 3 Gordon, C. M., and Spence, D. D. 1966. The facilitating effects of food set and food deprivation on responses to a subliminakgood stimulus. Journal of Personality, 34Z (3), 406-15. =4 Gordon, W. K. May 1983. Combination of cognitive groupMther- apy and subliminal stimulation in treatment of test-anxiougxol- lege males. Dissertation Abstracts International, 43 (155-B), 3731. 9 Grant, R. H. Aug. 1980. The effects of subliminally projected Ssual stimuli on skill development, selected attention, and parttipa- tion in racquetball by college students. Dissertation AbsSiicts International, 41 (2—A), 585. D Greenberg, R. P., and Fisher, S. Dec. 1980. Freud’s penis aby equation: Exploratory tests of a controversial theory. British Jour- nal of Medical Psychology , 53 (4), 33-42. = Groeger, J. A. Feb. 1986. Predominant and nonpredominant¥nal- ysis: Effects of level of presentation. British Journal of Psy@hol- ogy, 77 (1), 109-16. =4 Groeger, J. A. Aug. 1984. Evidence of unconscious semanti@pro- cessing from a forced-error situation. British Journal ofpoy chology, 75 (3), 305-14. ”) Guillory, W. 1988. Unpublished. Innovations Consulting, Salt bake City, Utah. 7) Guthrie, G., and Wiener, M. June 1966. Subliminal perceptifn or perception of partial cue with pictorial stimuli. Journal@er- sonal Social Psychology (U.S.), 3 (6), 619-22. u Guttman, G., and Ganglberger, J. 1967. Conditioned verbal geac- tions triggered by subliminal thaimic stimulation. Zetischrijpfir Experimentelle und Angewandte Psychologie, 14 (3), 542-54. Haberstroh, J. 17 Sept. 1984. Can’t ignore subliminal ad chafges. Advertising Age, 55 (61), 3, 442, 44. Halpern, S. 1985. Sound Health. San Francisco: Harper and Row. Hardy, G. R., and Legge, D. 1968. Cross-model induction of changes in sensory thresholds. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psy- chology, 20 (1), 20-29. 111
Approved For Release 2000/08/11 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000500390001-0 SUBLIMINAL COMMUNICATION Harrison, R. H. 1970. Effect of subliminal shock conditioning on recall. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 75 (1), 19-29. Hart, L. June 1973. The effect of noxious subliminal stimuli on the modification of attitudes toward alcoholism: A pilot study. British Journal of Addiction, 68 (2), 87-90. Hayden, B., and Silverstein, R. 1983. The effects of tachistoscopic oedipal stimulation on competitive dart throwing. Psychologt- cal Research Bulletin, Lund Univ., 23 (1), 12. Heilbrun, K. S. Oct. 1980. The effects of subliminally presented oedipal stimuli on competitive performance. Dissertation Abstracts International, 41 (4—-B), 1506. Henley, S. 1975. Cross-model effects of subliminal verbal stimuli. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 16 (1), 30-36. Henley, S. H. Nov. 1976. Responses to homophones as a function of cue words on the unattended channel. British Journal of Psychology, 67 (4), 559-67. Henley, S. H., and Dixon, N. F. June 1976. Preconscious process- ing in schizophrenics: An exploratory investigation. British Jour- nal Medical Psychology, 49 (2), 161-6. Henley, S$. H., and Dixon, N. F. Nov. 1974. Laterality differences in the effect of incidental stimuli upon evoked imagery. British Journal of Psychology, 65 (4), 529-36. Henley, S. R. Mar. 1984. Unconscious perception revisited: A com- ment on Merikle’s (1982) paper. Bulletin of the Psychonomic . Society, 22 (2), 121-24. Herrick, R. M. Oct. 1973. Increment thresholds for multiple iden- tical flashes in the peripheral retina. Journal of the Optical Soci- ety of America, 63 (10), 1261-65. Hines, K. $. May 1978. Subliminal psychodynamic activation of oral dependency conflicts in a group of hospitalized male alco- holics. Dissertation Abstracts International, 38 (11-B), 5572. Hoban, P. July 1984. Subliminal software. Omni, 6 (1), 30. Hobbs, §. Sept. 1984. The effects of subliminal oedipal and sym- biotic gratification fantasies on racial attitudes. Dissertation Abstracts International, 45 (3-B), 1018. Hodorowski, L. Feb. 1986. The symbiotic fantasy as a therapeutic agent: An experimental comparison of the effects of four sym- biotic contexts on manifest pathology in differentiated schizophrenics. Dissertation Abstracts International, 46 (8-B), 2810. 112 RECOMMENDED READINGS Hoffman, J. S. June 1986. Review of the subliminal psychodynamic activation method. Doctor of Psychology research paper, Biola Univ. Holtzman, D. Nov. 1975. Recall and importations on a word test primed by a subliminal stimulus. Dissertation Abstracts Brer- national, 36 (5-B), 2473. Hovsepian, W., and Quatman, G. Feb. 1978. Effects of sublifinal stimulation on masculinity-femininity ratings of a male ngect Perceptual and Motor Skills, 46(1), 155-61. Hull, E. I. Oct. 1976. Ego states characteristic of enhancedStili zation of subliminal registrations. Dissertation Abstracts Bier national, 37 (4-B), 1903-04. @ Hutchison, M. 1986. Megabrain. Ballantine Books. S Hylton, R. L. Sept. 1979. A comparison of the effects of gural arousal on the verbal learning of normal and learning diffbled elementary school pupils. Dissertation Abstracts Ini@yna- tional, 40 (3-B), 1393. o Jackson, J. M. Nov. 1983. A comparison of the effects of sufhimi- nally presented fantasies of merger with each parent de the pathology of male and female schizophrenics. Dissertation Abstracts International, 43 (5-B), 1616-17. < Journal of Advertising Research. Feb. 1979, pp. 55-57. Wither subliminal perception influences behavior is examinedy J. Saegert of Univ. of Texas at San Antonio. Jus, A., and Jus, K. 1967. Neurophysiologic studies S the “unconscious’’ (thresholds of perception and elements 4 the “‘unconscious”’ in the production of conditioned reflexeQ. Zh Nevropatol Psikbiatr (USSR), 67 (12), 1809-15. rd Kaley, H. W. Oct. 1970. The effects of subliminal stimuli andsdrive on verbal responses and dreams. Dissertation Abstracts Breer national, 31 (4-B), 2284. Kaplan, R.; Thornton, P.; and Silverman, L. Nov. 1985. FBther data on the effects of subliminal symbiotic stimulatidd on schizophrenics. Journal of Nervous and Mental Diseas&<173 (11), 658-66. <x Kaplan, R. B. Sept. 1976. The symbiotic fantasy as a therapeutic agent: An experimental comparison of the effects of three sym- biotic elements on manifest pathology in schizophrenics. Dis- sertation Abstracts International, 37 (3-B), 1437-38. 113
SUBLIMINAL COMMUNICATION Kaser, V.A. July 1986. The effects of an auditory subliminal mes- © sage upon the production of images and dreams. Journal of = Nervous and Mental Disease, 174 (7), 397-407. Satz, Y. Oct. 1965. Subliminal perception and the creative pre- § conscious. Dissertation Abstracts International, 34 (4-B), 1751. Saye, M. M. Sept. 1975. The therapeutic value of three merging 8 stimuli for male schizophrenics. Dissertation Abstracts Inter- © national, 36 (3-B), 1438-39. Sennedy, R. S. Apr. 1971. A comparison of performance on visual x and auditory monitoring tasks. Human Factors, 13 (2), 93-97. ®ey, W. 1981. Clam Plate Orgy. New York: Signet. Bey, W. 1974. Subliminal Seduction. New York: Signet. Rilbourne, W. E.; Painton, §.; and Ridley, D. 1985. The effect of @ sexual embedding on responses to magazine advertisements. QO. Journal of Advertising, 14 (2), 48-55. eespies, P., and Wiener, M. Aug. 1972. The “‘orienting reflex”’ < as an input indicator in ‘“‘subliminal’’ perception. Perceptual © and Motor Skills, 35 (1), 103-10. Klein, G. S. 1970. Perception, Motives and Personality. New York: = Knopf. @lein, G. S. 1956. Perception, motives and personality: A clinical = perspective. In J. L. McCary, ed., Psychology of Personality. © New York: Logos. &lein, G. S.; Spence, D. P.; Holt, R. R.; and Gourevitch, S. 1958. ® Cognition without awareness: Subliminal influences upon con- © scious thought. Journal of Abnormal Social Psychology, 54. Plein, S., and Moricz, E. 1969. A study of the effect of threshold stimuli. Magyar Pszichologiai Szemle, 26 (2), 198-206. sleinbrook, W. L. Feb. 1985. Pastoral considerations regarding WwW the use of subliminal psychodynamic activation. Dissertation S Abstracts International, 45 (8-A), 2555. olers, P. A. Sept. 1972. Subliminal stimulation in simple and com- © plex cognitive processes. Dissertation Abstracts Interna- = tional, 33 (3B), 1269. Kostandov, E. A. 1977. Cortical evoked potentials to emotional words (supraliminal and subliminal). Activities Nervosa Supe- rior, 19 (4), 301-2. Kostandov, E. A. 1973. The effect of negative emotions on per- ception. Voprosy Psikbologii (USSR), 19 (6), 60-72. 6 114 RECOMMENDED READINGS Kostandov, E. A. Mar.-Apr. 1970. Perception and subliminal reac- tions to unrecognized stimuli. Z Vyssh Nerv Deiat (USSR), 28 (2), 441-9. = Kostandov, E. A. 1969. The effect of emotional excitation on aud tory threshold and subliminal reactions. Zh Vyssh Nerv Dei@t (USSR), 19 (3), 462-70. 3 Kostandov, E. A. May-June 1968. The effect of unrecognized em tional verbal stimuli. Z4 Vyssh Nerv Deiat (USSR), 19 (3), 371-8@ Kostandov, E. A., and Arzumanov, IuL. July 1986. The influen@ of subliminal emotional words on functional hemispheric asy iG metry. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 4 (2), 143-4 Kostandov, E. A.; Arzumanov, J.; Vazhnova, T.; Reschikova, B Shostakovich, G. Oct.-Dec. 1980. Paviov Journal of Biologicgj Science, 15 (4), 142-50. > Kostandov, E. A., and Arzumanov, IuL. May-June 1978. Con tioned reflex mechanism of unconscious decision making. 5 Vyssh Nerv Deiat, 28 (3), 542-8. < Kostandov, E. A., and D’iachkova, G. I. Mar.-Apr. 1971. Evokhd potentials of the human cerebral cortex to recognized and unreg: ognized auditory signals. Neirofiziologiia (USSR), 3 (2), 115-2 Krass, P. Spring 1980-81. Computers that would program people Business and Society Review, 37, 62-64. S Krass, P. Jan. 1981. You will read this article. Output, 1 (11), 36-38 Kreitler, H., and Kreitler, §. Dec. 1974. Optimization of experg; mental ESP results. Journal of Parapsychology, 38, 383-92. # Kreitler, H., and Kreitler, S. Sept. 1973. Subliminal perceptig and extrasensory perception. Journal of Parapsychology, v4 (3), 163-88. . Leclerc, C., and Freibergs, V. Aug. 1971. The influence of perce tual and symbiotic subliminal stimuli on concept formatiom Canadian Journal of Psychology (Canada), 25 (4), 292-301.8 Ledford, B. P. Aug. 1978. The effects of thematic content & rheostatically controlled visual subliminals upon the receivirfy level of the affective domain of learners. <x Ledford, B. R., and Ledford, S. Y. Nov. 1985. The effects of pre- conscious cues upon the automatic activation of self-esteem of selected middle school students. Requirement for Project 1246. Tucson Unified School District. 115