Author:
Chupakhin,
!.,
Captain 1st Rank,
correspondent
Title:
SHAPOSHNIKOV URGES GRADUALISM IN
STRUCTURING COMMONWEALTH'S ARMED FORCES
Primary Source:
Krasnaya zvezda,
January
7,
1992,
No.
(20692),
p.
1,
cols.
1-3;
p.
3,
cols.
1-3
Extract:
Following the Minsk meeting of
heads of sovereign states,* many questions
connected with the
fate of the armed
forces
remain open.
What position the heads of
the Armed Forces of the Commonwealth of
Independent States are taking
In these cir-
cumstances
and how they appraise the situa-
tion
that
is developing around the army and
inside
it were topics of conversation
at
a
meeting which took place recently between
journalists and Marshal
of Aviation
Ye.
Shaposhnlkov,
commander-in-chief of the
commonwealth armed forces.
The commander-in-chief said that haste
and
a
lack of mutual
understanding
in
re-
solving highly important and complex ques-
tions
have been noticed
on the part of the
heads of
a number of states,
particularly
Ukraine.
At the present
time,
the Ukrainian
leadership understands
the term "strategic
forces"
to mean only strategic nuclear
forces,
not taking
into account
that
stra-
tegic forces must
include everything which
ensures
the strategic stability of both
strategic
forces and the armed
forces
as
a
whole,
noted Marshal
Shaposhnlkov.
The
commander-in-chief thought that the posi-
tion of Ukraine was
not entirely
in keeping
with the Minsk accords
in
this
regard.
[Sovereign
states]
have the
right
to
create armies of their own.
But
at the
same time,
one sometimes gets the
impres-
sion
that not
all
of their leaders
have
a
complete
idea of the problems which they
will
encounter
in
this connection,
the mar-
shal
noted.
He cited the following example
as
an
illustration.
Ukraine
has expressed claims
to air forces on
Its own territory.
But
at
the
same time,
It does
not
have
a single
airplane building plant for military equip-
ment.
In three months,
or half a year at
the most,
airplanes simply will
not be able
to
fly;
there will
be no engines,
spare
parts,
components,
units or even wheels.
Whether Russia will
supply them and
in what
order has not been decided,
and
a suitable
mechanism has not been perfected.
The mar-
shal
asked whether
It wouldn't be better to
take precisely these problems
as
a starting
point and not immediately demolish what we
now have.
For
a whole set of questions connected
with
reorganization of the armed forces
to
be solved
in
logical
order during the peri-
od of transition,
a period of two
to three
years
is necessary,
in
the opinion of the
commander-1 n-chief.
He thought that
it
would be quite possible,
during this tran-
sitional
period,
for the armed
forces
to be
structured
so that both national
armed
forces and general-purpose armed forces
un-
der a united command could be on the terri-
tory of
a single state such
as Ukraine,
Ka-
zakhstan,
Uzbekistan,
Moldova or Azerbay-
dzhan.
A precedent for such organization
exists
in NATO.
Financing of the armed
forces
is
still
another sore and complex question.
The
commander-in-chief said that several
ver-
sions
have now been proposed for taking ac-
count of the share of each participating
country of the commonwealth
in
the expenses
of these armed
forces.
He thought that
a
certain consensus on this question
had been
achieved
at the
latest meeting of heads of
governments
in Moscow.
"We now insist
that
these questions be resolved for the
first
quarter of the year during the first
ten
days of January,"
stated the commander-in-
chief.
"An agreed-upon quota will
be
set
for each state."
But how will
the administrative
struc-
Approved For Release 2000/08/09
: CIA-RDP96-00792R000600500002-5
Approved For Release 2000/08/09
: CIA-RDP96-00792R000600500002-5
?
¥
tures of the armed forces change?
There
is
no
longer a USSR Ministry of Defense
(Min-
oborony)
.
What will
take
its place?
The
former Minoborony
is now the Main Command
of the Armed
Forces of the Commonwealth of
Independent States,
explained
Ye.
Shaposh-
nikov.
As
for future prospects,
this pre-
cisely
is one of the questions on which
work must be done
in
the course of two
months allotted by the participants of the
meeting
in Minsk.
The heads of the common-
wealth's countries are
to decide what the
administrative structure of
its armed
forc-
es will
be
like.
'
'
*See also the Daily SNAP,
January 21,
1991
P.
1,
col.
'
(SNAP 920203)
*
*
*
*
Author:
Vladykin,
0.,
correspondent,
Lieu-
tenant-Colonel
(interviewer)
Title:
SPECIALIST'S ADVICE ON MILITARY
PREPAREDNESS IN commonwealth
!
>
im?nLSoHrce:
K
,rasnaya zvezda,
January
17,
1992,
No.
(20700),
p.
3,
cols.
4-8
Abstract:
The article
is
an interview with
General -Lieutenant Nikolay Pavlovich Kloko-
tov,
head of the chair of strategy at the
Military Academy of the General
Staff,
re-
garding the geostrategic situation of the
member-states of the former Soviet Union.
Klokotov contends
that
since the
breakup of the USSR,
the military threat to
these
states
has not changed substantially,
on
the whole,
because sources of war will
always exist objectively on the earth.
Conflict situations will
continue to arise
which cannot be resolved without the
use of
weapons.
The Commonwealth of Independent
States
has
inherited western,
southern
and
eastern theaters of war from the USSR,
and
the military use of airspace and outer
space
is
still
possible
in
the northern
sector as well.
Present conditions make
it
unnecessary to single out any one state or
group of states
as
a probable adversary
In
any of these sectors.
At the same
time,
the commonwealth should be aware that
change can occur abruptly
in
a particular
region,
have
a good
idea of the
kind of
military groupings that may be encountered
in
any theater of war and be ready to op-
pose these
forces.
Klokotov suggests that
the notion
"probable adversary"
be
replaced
by
a new concept,
"potential
adversary,"
which would apply not
to the particular
army of
a
real
country but
to
a kind of
collective profile.
This profile would
characterize the armed forces of states
which are the most highly developed from
the military standpoint.
Klokotov thinks that the commonwealth
needs unified armed
forces
to discouraqe
neighboring states
(particularly Islamic
ones)
from laying claim to territories of
former Soviet republics
in Transcaucasia
and Central
Asia.
There
is not
a single
kilometer of the commonwealth's
southern
frontiers which could
not be disputed,
he
points out.
The military potential
of
a
number of Aslan countries
is
increasing,
and some of these states
are close
to de-
veloping nuclear weapons of their own.
In
these conditions,
a breakup of the Union
armed forces could radically alter the
sit-
uation
in
the commonwealth's southern
re-
gions and
increase the nuclear threat,
in
particular.
Although the member-states of
the commonwealth have agreed
to preserve
a
unified command of strategic
forces,
cer-
tain questions
have not been resolved
to
Klokotov 's
satisfaction,
particularly the
question of who
is
to make the political
decision
to use nuclear weapons and bear
responsibility for this decision.
Under
the former system,
the heads of the USSR
government could make such
a decision very
quickly,
he explains.
The same operation
now requires the consent of several
heads
of state
in the capitals of sovereign
states,
and there
is
no guarantee that such
agreement will
be reached at the critical
moment.
Klokotov contends that the common
wealth's security depends
on preserving
a
unified strategic space for
a
long period
of time and creating
a collective system of
defense within
this
space.
He favors
a
system of dual
jurisdiction whereby the
armed forces of individual
republics could
if necessary be placed under
a unified com-
mand,
and tasks of military development,
financing and strategic planning would be
carried out
in
a centralized manner.
Under
this
system,
the commonwealth's chief mili-
tary command would be under the jurisdic-
tion
and supervision of the commonwealth's
Approved For Release 2000/08/09
: CIA-RDP96-00792R000600500002-5
Approved For Release 2000/08/09
: CIA-RDP96-00792R000600500002-5
^
council
of presidents,
which would jointly
make
all
fundamental
decisions
in
reqard to
the armed
forces.
(SNAP 920203)
Author:
Ivanyuk,
I.,
Major,
correspondent
Title:
EX-SERVICEMEN DEVELOP SPECTAI
TON-
STRUCTIOTMAILklALS AND TFOWnmny
-
M
1m
fJ?oSo
.
l
!rce:
Kr
,asnaya zvezda,
January
11,
1992,
No.
8-9
(20695-20696),
p.
3,
co Is
•
2 ~"S
Abstract:
The article reports on activi-
ties of the Construction Research and De-
sign Association
(Proyektstroynauka),
which
^
u ;I]] z1ng experience with construction
of military and space Installations.
"Pro-
yektstroynauka"
is characterized
as
a hiqh-
potential
organization which
is
launchina
production on the basis of Its own
sclen-
tific developments.
This association,
which
has an annual
turnover of millions of
rubles,
takes
In several
joint-stock compa-
nies and small
enterprises.
H
A conversation
is
recorded with Colo-
nel
of the Reserves Dmltrly Arkadyevich
Frumin,
a former military construction
spe-
cialist and now head of the
"Proyektstrov-
nauka
association.
Frumin and colonels of
the reserves
V.
Kostin,
A.
Sytnlk and
N.
Manchev are among
a number of engineers
who acquired unique experience
in construc-
tion of fortifications,
missile silos and
structures of space-launch complexes while
serving
in the armed
forces,
the author
relates.
For example,
concrete capable of
withstanding
a direct hit by
a missile with
a nuclear warhead was developed,
using
high-quality cement and scarce superplastl-
cizers.
Frumin recalled that while carry-
S
?!!
t
i2 <;S
0n
J ract
J
a
! sl9n,nent at Kapustin
Yar
in
1962,
he and
his associates achieved
waterproofness of concrete which was
two to
hree times as
high
as
usual.
Experience
of former military specialists reportedly
has been utilized
in building underground
structures
for civil
defense and watertight
structures for underground services,
in
particular.
A new process which makes
sealing of joints unnecessary,
permanent
forms which function simultaneously as
fac-
ing and wet sealing,
concrete ten
times
as
waterproof as conventional
concrete,
and
other materials with special
properties
have been developed
In this connection.
Frumin showed the author of the arti-
cle slabs of siligran,
a concrete which
is
not only comparatively inexpensive but
said
to be capable of withstanding stresses
as
great as those for which missile silos are
designed.
Siligran
Is considered
a possi-
ble safe substitute for asbestos cement
whose use
is forbidden
in many countries
Other potentially profitable developments
of
Proyektstroynauka"
include unique pro-
cesses for producing building materials
and equipment for these processes.
The*
association reportedly has concluded 20
agreements
for creation of joint enter-
prises and facilities,
Including
a Sovlet-
Bulgarian enterprise,
for production of
finished products.
(SNAP 920203)
Author:
Tsarev,
I.
Title:
REPORTS OF BIOELECTRONIC-UFAPQNS
TESTING
iff iy/Os AND 1980s
Primary Source:
Trud,
December 27,
1991,
No.
298
(21522),
p.
4,
cols.
1-2
^on9
a9°»
Gennadiy Petrovich
Shchelkunov,
a specialist
In the field of
radioelectronics and an employee of the
scientific production association
"Istok
"
calculated and substantiated
an effect of
long-distance communication without the aid
f^uipment.
This effect consists essen-
tially of excitation,
In cerebral
fluid,
of
acoustic vibrations which reach auditory
nerves.
These vibrations are excited by
pulsed microwave radiation.
Shchelkunov
did not attempt
to carry out
his discovery
In practice,
but he considers
it quite
fea-
sible from the technical
standpoint.
In
a scrapbook which
I
leafed throuqh
there was
a short clipping which
read: V
Ivan Sergeyevich
Kachalin,
and
(the name of
another inventor followed)
made
a discov-
ery,
A Method of Inducing Artificial
Sleep
at
a Distance by Cleans of Radio Waves,
'
in
the Soviet Union.Gt? General -Colonel
of Avi-
ation Vladimir Nikitovlch Abramov rendered
practical
assistance
in formalizing this
discovery.
Marshal
of Aviation
Yevgeniy
Yakovlevich Savitskiy supervised this
work."
f/i/AP
Approved For Release 2000/08/09
: CIA-RDP96-00792k0006(fo500Uuz-tr
Approved For Release 2000/08/09
: CIA-RDP96-00792R000600500002-5
Documents
state that
"a paper by the
authors of an
Invention,
'The Action of
Modulated Electric and Electromagnetic
Pulses
on Biological
Specimens,
was pre-
sented at the bioelectronics
laboratory of
the USSR Academy of Sciences'
Institute of
Radio Engineering and
Electronics
(IRE).
In
1973,
the first
'Radioson'
(radiosleep)
unit was developed at military unit 71592
of the city of Novosibirsk and preliminary
trials were conducted
This
report bears
the
seal
of an aca-
demic
institute and signatures,
including
those of academician
Yu.
Kobzarev and Doc-
tor of Sciences
E.
Godlk.
And,
by the way,
the block diagram of the
"Radioson"
unit
includes
the same microwave generator whose
pulses,
according
to
G.
Shchelkunov,
can
also evoke acoustic vibrations
in the
brain.
We were able to meet with
a second
in-
ventor.
Ivan Antonovich
(he requested that
his
last name not be
used),
an associate of
an
institute of the USSR Academy of Scienc-
es,
said:
u
" Y® s *
we have developed the
'Radioson'
unit and
have conducted not just one,
but
several
successful
tests both on ourselves
and on volunteer soldiers.
But prolonged
correspondence with the Committee on
Inven-
tions
and Discoveries didn't produce any
results.
They deferred consideration of
al1?'
wh1ch was
registered
as early as
1974, |Under a totally unconvincing pre-
LGa L •
Perhaps,
because
such devices already
existed?"
"No,
at that
time,
this was out of the
question.
We gave some reports
at various
Institutes,
Including
IRE
In
1982.
Savits-
ky arranged
a meeting for us with special-
ists of a military scientific research
in-
stitute.
They listened with
Interest,
but
everything disappeared
as
into
a morass
'V v
nu
i ret u evidence maxes
it
possible
to conclude:
1 psi
weapons
are
technically entirely feasible,
prototypes
**"ere tested
as
ea rly
as the
1970s
and
1980s,
and this means that they mav
also exist
now.
xi>ee also the Daily SNAP,
1991,
p.
4,
col.
(SNAP 920203)
November 25,
Add it
list
SGI
I
istribution
?^
C
i P™ts of the Daily SNAP are advised
that SNAP Is
Intended solely for U.S.
gov-
ernment agencies and their designated con-
tractors.
Approved For Release 2000/08/09
: CIA-RDP96-00792R000600500002-5