A NEW K CONTACTLESS TACHOMETER V. A. KONSTANTINOV, Engineer . ~ C also MA Fip poeta es ay The instrument in question — the RVT electronic tachometer — is a radiowave measuring instrument connected with the object through the microwave-band elec- tromagnetic field. Radio Methods | More Convenient Than Stroboscopic Ones The RVT radiowave tachometer meas- ures the rotational parameters of various machine parts from any distances, practi- cally in any requisite frequency range, no matter what materials these parts are made of, and irrespective of their shape and size. Electromagnetic energy passes through dielectric walls and, what’s no less 0 QOA3Y important, spreads over the machines’ natural waveguiding elements such as the engine exhaust pipe to the turbosuper- charger rotor, to the valves, etc. All this gives the RVT instrument con- ' siderable advantages over stroboscopes. Adequate Accuracy The radiotachometer measures ro- tational speed with an accuracy to within +0.017 s”. If the rotor carries an impeller or a pinion, measurement accuracy can be increased K times, where K is the number of blades or teeth. All it takes is a no less than 3-mm blade or tooth pitch. By dialling the number (from 1 to 99) equal to that of blades, teeth and other such elements of a rotating object, the eos MORE NG ASE Neh eer eT te CI rrate Men her eel a operator reduces the instrument’s readinc to ordinary units of measurement. If © tational speed fluctuates more than thre times per second, the automatic spec change tracking system goes on. Many Uses The radiowave principle of measureme extends the range of the RVT tachometer application considerably. It is suitable f. measuring surface vibrations accurately within 0.1 Hz, as well as running speed cars, for instance, from as far as 600 away. Combined with an oscillograph or with recorder, the RVT instrument can be us: for measuring relative amplitudes ar phases of various objects’ surface ‘ Approved For Release 2001/03/07 : CIA-RDP96-00787R000500180031-6
BASIC SPECIFICATIONS OF THE RVT RADIOTACHOMETER Measurement ranges: rotational speed, S—'.....sssssscssesresesstenssesecees Vibration, HZ..scssccssssscsssssnnssrsescrssscssessssscereserses ssscesneonsentesescaeststscaccnsusususcqoestsnsusssvgeasussndenavaveusutseeuasonstssaggossieteesvacseseenseenansennentonnes 4-10 — 1,6-104 sssoveessessetsssectsnuavseensenesesonesseucecsscessonersaucesanetecneccssuneecsesssaunaicavsacnsesseancesnasenesesonenetss 4-10 — 2-108 Measurement ranges Rotational speed, s—' Vibration frequency, Hz 1-10) —1,6-102 1,6-10?—1,6-103 1,6-10°—1,6-104 1-101—2-408 Error: ST ccsaccesnessessssenecancensesaessereneeecsenss 40.017 40.17 +1.7 - Ls are — - =_ +0.4 Minimal measure- rement time, S.......0 save snenaussuassansecconeonne 0.3 ; 0.5 ; 3.0 _ Automatic frequency change speed tracking range, “Fa soususesseonenneneonsersneenencens from +300 to —70 ~ . . 10 Maximum distance to object, u......ssssssssscsscssssnsarsesssssrssnscssssrssssnscsesnsansssseees 10 Linear movement speed measurement: SPO, KM/N...cescscrcccssveccssserssrecssansarsssseccesevarsesscsnssensancanseceesssenesnseessneneeasssees 20—200 CITOS, Yorssscscoscsssscsescansercescarsnevscnsssaenscessessccssossnensscesenenseaessessesenarsasaeseonaneascoses +1 POWEFr CONSUMPTION, W..sscsesssernsssssssensvesssernsssscsavesnersseessearsessersacsunarasssusnatecnonease 36 Supply voltage, V: @.C..(50 OF 400 HZ)...scccccscseesscenssnscusssennecnscssensnsrscssoeanescssecoerssnasarcnorentanseseaesnes 220 CC. cesscsssrscenuessenssnnecessunscsceesesnesesossesassosnscsensssauesnsecscssssnconsessessesenesssusuansonanes 12 or 24 Mas, KQ...cscsssscsssssnensansssnsonsnensorsnrscossssnecesesnenesesneotensnaeneseneerensassnnatessssseesssnensseonsnts 4 yrations, as well as for periodic structure in- egrity checks. Such checks can reveal a yroken pinion tooth or a mechanical flaw in a turbocompressor rotor blade, for in- stance. : : The RVT Succeeds Where Stroboscopic and induction Tachometers Fail A typical application of the RVT radiota- shometer is measuring the rotational speed of the IC-engine’s supercharger com- oressor. This is a very important job as any Jeviation of the turbosupercharger’s work Tom normal impairs the technical and xconomic indices of the engines. Such neasurements are essential to the devel- Ipment_ and operation of aircraft engines, centrifuges, turbines of various kinds, alectric motors (low-power ones, in par- icular), gyroscopes, etc. The RVT radiotachometer cuts down toa hird or even a fifth the time it takes to neasure the rotational speed of the basic :lements of an internal combustion engine, or instance. Measurement speed is 10 to 0 times higher as compared with the itroboscopic method. The RVT radio-ta- chometer measures the rp.m. of the cen- trifugal oil cleaner rotor in 6—8 sec, and of the turbocompressor rotor, in 10—15 sec. A New Circuit for Measuring the Reflected Signal Modulation Spectrum In measuring turbocompressor rotor t.p.m., a typical reflected signal modulation spectrum contains, apart from the fun- damental harmonic the frequency of which . equals the rotor rotational speed, a number of harmonics with different frequencies — components connected with the operation of the turbine, with valve and engine piston movements. The amplitude distribution of the harmonics depends, in general, on the incidence angle of the microwave signal, on the distance of its travel, on the shape of the object, and other factors. Sometimes a reflected signal is superimposed by modu- lations caused by the movement of several components, although only one com- ponent’s rotational speed is to be meas- ured. The way out was offered by a transceiv- ing aerial whose designing and right posi- tioning relative to the rotating object invol- ved a number of technical problems. We have devised a method of filtering the re flected signal modulation spectrum, of fir ding the requisite harmonic and of trackin it automatically. Measurement results are brought out i a four-digit indicator. An output to an an: logue recorder is provided. As a result, th instrument can be used for automatic cor trot of most various objects’ rotation. speed change dynamics. The use of standard microcircuits an opto-isolators has simplified the instrumer to a maximum. No special skills are required for ope ating an RVT tachometer. Approved For Release 2001/03/07 : CIA-RDP96-00787R000500180031-6 3
"KAOOT SS t SPEEDS } SHKARLET, WN: nd. Sc. (Tech stitute offintroscopy / 1e new ectromagnetoacoustical ViA) thickness gauges are 3e from the shortcomings ‘the priorart gauges. The AA instruments are yntactiess, they measure e thickness of rolled stock ‘any travel speed with a gh accuracy and have a imber of other important ivantages. The new method consists, essentially, in <citing an ultrasonic oscillation pulse in e metal article being rolled. The thickness ‘the article is judged by the time it takes e pulse to pass through it, bounce off the yposite surface and return to the sensor 3a reflected signal. leasurements ontactless The ultrasonic pulse is excited by means fa pulsed electromagnetic field lasting for gout 0.5 usec. The pulse oscillator induc- or is in a permanent magnetic field which armeates the article under test. Eddy cur- ants induced by the pulsed electromagne- c field interact with the permanent mag- etic field and thus excite an ultrasonic rave inside the material being tested. The rave extends in depth, reaches the oppo- | ite surface-and comes back causing vi- rations on the surface which generated this ulse. The vibrating metal in the permanent yagnetic field excites eddy currents which ie picked up by the inductor now playing ye role of a sensor. ‘As we see, the ultrasonic pulse is in- iuced, and the bounced-off signal picked ip, without any contact with the article inder test. ligh Measurement Speed ind Accuracy Pulse repetition frequency is high snough — about 100 Hz. Therefore, neasurements can be made at a rolled stock travel speed of up to 5 m/sec. The yasic error does not exceed 2% over the ‘nickness range of 3 to 15 mm, with scale inearity guaranteed. FIVE METERS PER SEC cite K 2.00! 38 Da ye ee IFS AG High Level No matter how curved the surface of the of Interference article under test may be, this causes no Suppression measurement error. As a result, the new If the distance between the surface of the article under test and the inductor/sen- sor changes, that has no effect at all on the accuracy of the EMA instrument’s oper- ation. This is an important advantage of the new thickness gauge over the ordinary magnetic and electromagnetic thickness gauges. The neutralisation principle is used to prevent the EMA instrument from reacting to any chance defects of the surface: the “fault” signal is given only in case the rolled stock thickness is indicated to deviate from normal for five times at a stretch. Finally, the instrument’s circuit provides for suppressing the interference concomi- tant to acoustical wave propagation in metal. : / 4- Magnetic circuit 2- Supply source oi 4+ Pick-up coll ses B+ Tube : Schematic Diagram of Thickness Gauge 6 - Pole plece 7 - Excitation coil 3 - Constant magnetic field coil 8 - To detector 9 - Switch 10 - Capacitor supply source instrument is best suitable for testing pipe walls as well as sheet metal thickness. Rolling Mill Operators’ Work Made Easier The EMA thickness gauge gives accu- rate indications of positive and negative deviations of the rolled stock thickness from normal. The deviation limits are set from the instrument’s control panel. The EMA thickness gauge can be fitted into the rolling mill stand control loop to make the operator’s work easier. The EMA instru- ment can be connected with an automatic device indicating, in one way or other, any faults in the rolled stock. The new instrument has been patented in the USA, the FRG, Japan and France. Approved For Release 2001/03/07 : CIA-RDP96-00787R000500180031-6
FOURTEEN NEW FLAW DETECTORS ,.| N.C. V.V. kduvev, Dr. Se. (Tech.), The VD Flaw Detectors ~"General Director, Spektr for Checking Research and Production Quantity-Produced - oe gamgion, _ . Articles - QS. SEM OV, SE6U? These instruments check wire, pipes, round billets, round and hexahedral rods from 0.05 - to 200 mm in diameter, and ' Square billets from 50x50 to ~* Cand. Sc. (Tech.), Laborato Chief, institute offintrescopy] 5. SEMENOV —_— AC a} # x 2004 39 | for surface defects by the eddy ‘current method. A distinctive feature of this method is that it - brings equally accurate results -for ferrous and non-ferrous ‘metals. The article under test is put either through a ring on “which transducers rotate, or through a_ stationary trans- - ducer. : As compared with the prior- art flaw detectors with rotating transducers, the instruments of the VD series are more reliable, simpler in design and take less time to maintain. Testing pipes and rods with a curvature of up if instruments which de- tect flaws in ferrous and non- ferrous metal articles by the eddy current or constant mag- netic field method keep improv- ing. In this article we dwell on new flaw detectors using these methods. Many of these in- struments have no parallels in world practice, and others are much simpler and more reliable than the prior-art ones. They offer new ways of checking for higher product quality. 250 x 250 mm in cross section Fic DAR LA RM APL tre a PGE cree to 5 mm per one meter of length is no problem at all. Variations in the clearance between the transducer and the surface under test within +2 mm have no effect on the flaw detector’s sensitivity, as distinct from the prior-art models. Hence the possibility to test oval-shaped as well as round articles. The Vb-40N, VD-41N, VD-43N and VD-60N flaw de- tectors are fitted with a facility pinpointing the flaws in the rolled articles under test. They provide for sorting the articles into three categories: “OK”, “Reclaimable spoilage”, “Re- _ ject”. The VD-30P flaw detector can by right be described as universal. it gives invariably accurate indications over a wide range of diameters, con- figurations and metal grades thanks to its easy-to-detach in- BASIC SPECIFICATIONS OF THE VD-SERIES FLAW DETECTORS Detector model VD—10P VD—20P | VD—30P LE SF terchangeable transdt with the appropriate diam of the through hole and to cial filters. Indications are livered to counters, a rapic tion automatic recorder a: computer. The VD-10P and vD flaw detectors test wire n of any material with ele: conductivity ranging trom 60 Mohmi/m. The result ana: unit indicates the length number of the inadequate « lity sections and their loca in the wire coil. The same formation is delivered to printer and to the programm unit which controls the grac assembly of the autom machine making various ; cles out of tested wire. The design of these flaw tectors’ transducers me special ~ mention. Usu transducers intended for i VD—43N VD—60N Transducer type Stationary Object configuration round round round annular hexahedral Diameter, side length, mm 0,05—0,2 0,2—0,6 Minimum size of flaw detected, in depth: mm % of diameter | Maximum object travel speed, mis "depending on diameter; + 32 Rotary round or annular square less for sized articles, more for hot!—rolled articles;*** Including those on edges. Approved For Release 2001/03/07 : CIA-RDP96-00787R000500180031-6