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be shown.
In addition,
a subject should not be
told what kinds of
elements
or aspects are
to be used
in
their description of
the
target,
but rather
to describe
the perception of
the
target as accurately as
possible.
If an experimenter
is present during
the actual
transcription,
a
pre-set
list
of
innocuous questions might be used.
These should be used
oniy, if
the subject
seems
to be totally unable
to continue describing
any aspect
of
the
target.
E.
Target Persons
If one
or more
target persons are used,
the number
of
these should
be specified
in advance and
then remain constant.
It
is understandable
that
they must be known
to
the subject.
However,
this does not mean
that
they must be present at
the site from which
the viewing
takes place.
Since
the subject does not
track"
the target person prior
to
the start
of
the experiment,
every effort should be made
to keep
the subject and
target person at
a maximimal physical distance before,
during,
and after
an experiment.
This
is easily accomplished
if
the
targets are
located
at
a physical distance,
such as
in another
city.
The
target person should receive
the target from a person totally
unconnected with
the experiment and unfamiliar
to
the experimenter.
This
person would not know the contents
of
the target pool and would select,
on a predefined random basis,
one envelope from
the
target pool.
This
person would relay
the
target envelope
to
the
target person at
a predesig-
nated
location distant from the location of
the
target pool and
the
target.
An experiment would begin at
a predesignated hour on predesignated
days,
the number
of which would
also be preset,
for both individual
subjects
as well
as for
the total experiment.
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Targets
should
be. used without replacement,
essentially for
the
reasons
stated
in Appendix
B.
The
target person should proceed
to
the designated target and view
the preselected elements
of
that
target
as
specified on the
target
card.
The target person should do only
these prespecified activities, which
should be uniquely meaningful interactions with that particular
target.
F.
Subs eat Responses
The subject should begin his/her description of
the
target at
the
predesignated viewing
time.
No prior viewing should be allowed.
The
description should be tape-recorded and should include all experimenter
questions
if an experimenter
is present,
although,
again,
we see no need
for
such.
(An uninterrupted videotape should also be used
to verify
the
absence of nonverbal
experimenter
cueing.)
A subject should be allowed
to sketch or model
if he/she
so desires,
but
this
should also
be
predetermined by
the subject and held
constant
for each experiment.
A
subject may be encouraged
to be
as specific
as possible,
but not
told
what kinds
of elements
to
include.
Only one viewing should be allowed.
G.
Feedback
Feedback and no-feedback experiments should be conducted.
In
a
feedback situation,
only
the subject
(not
the experimenter)
should receive
the feedback.
The contents of
the target envelope can be transmitted
to
the subject.
Neither
the
target person nor
the experimenter with
the
subject need have
any knowledge
of
the subject's response
to
the
target
or
a description of
the
target.
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The
tape recordings and sketches or models
should be dated,
sealed,
and immediately forwarded
to an independent person totally unrelated
to
the experiment and unfamiliar with all persons
thus
far associated with
the
experiment.
This
individual should hold all data until
the judging
procedure
is
complete.
This person will also
type and edit
the
tapes,
eliminating all references
to previous
targets,
including any experimenter
s
question,
should
they not conform
to
the criteria for experimenter's
questions.
A target description should be included with
the packet.
H .
Judges and Judging
Effort
should be placed
on
the development
of objective judging
criteria,
perhaps measured by an item count or
content analysis,
semantic
content,
or other
techniques better known
to psycholinguists.
Type/token
ratio approaches might be modified
to meet
these needs.
In any case,
objective criteria for
the judging procedure would greatly reduce
the
subjective element
in this phase
of
the experiment.
Several judges should be chosen who are unfamiliar with
the
experiment and unknown
to those who have participated
thus
far.
While
they may be selected on
the basis
of certain personal attributes
(e.g.,
artistic ability,
intelligence,
sponsor representatives),
they should
have
no professional interest
in the research.
That
is,
they should not
be magicians,
consultants
to
the project,
coauthors,
fellow researchers,
etc
Each judge should proceed
to
each target location,
ordered randomly
with
the edited
tape,
associated drawings
or models,
and
the
target
description card.
No judge should be given
a
list
of
the
targets.
Each
judge
should proceed
to
the targets
in
a different random order.
At each
target,
the judge
should
rank ail
trtinscripts against
that
target,
as
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of response criteria,
in that
there
is -always
some degree of
interpreta-
tion of what
a subject
says,
the increased use
of judges
seems beneficial
and logical.
J.
Target Coordinates
If scanning by geographical coordinates
is
to be used,
the coordinates
must be selected by an unimpeachable person not otherwise connected with
the experiment
or familiar with other persons related
to
the experiment.
The coordinates should describe a variety of
targets
so
that
a subject may
not
try
to guess
a particular
type,
some of which should describe innocuous
sites.
Preferably
these
should also vary
in geographical location such
that
a subject could not memorize detailed maps of any given geographical
area.
A possible approach
is
selection,
by random number,
of
a large
(>
5000)
list
of worldwide
targets
of
interest.
The coordinates
should be transmitted just prior
to
the viewing
time.
No maps and no feedback during
the experiment should be allowed.
Again,
there appears
to be no need for an experimenter
to be present.
The
subject
should complete his viewing
in
a pre-set
time period
and only one
viewing should be allowed.
Details
of
the viewing should be relayed
immediately via
a secure computer network or other similar form of
communication.
Sketches should be dated,
notarized by
time,
and mailed
immediately.
Again,
if
feedback
is used,
only
the subject should be
given feedback.
K,
Reporting
A major problem with research
in
this field
is
the incomplete,
inexact,
erroneous,
and duplicate reporting.
All experimental details,
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responses,
instructions,
transcripts,
etc., must be reported,
however
lengthy and laborious
the
task' might
be..
, Only in this manner will
the
"loyal opposition" be able
to satisfy
their desire
for facts and
reanalysis.
Only
then will
they have
left only a malfeasance or
dishonesty criticism.
L.
Application to Intelligence Systems
Research conducted and reported
to date has
a number of
inaccuracies,
inconsistencies,
and methodological weaknesses sufficient
to cause concern
over
its validity.
If all results are accepted without question, on
balance
the fidelity of
the remote viewing channel appears
to be of
limited
intelligence value.
However,
that conclusion may be totally
premature due
to
the insufficient methodologies
used.
To assess validly
the value of
the remote viewing channel for operational use,
much more
careful research
is required,
perferably by several laboratories following
the same protocols with detailed documentation.
It would be particularly
desirable
to have different researchers
(i.e.,
laboratories)
conduct
experiments with
the same experienced subjects
(e.g.,
Swann or Hammid)
In
this manner,
the reliability of
the remote viewing channel can be
assessed, with a "known capability"
subject,
yet satisfy
the demands
of
the
' loyal opposition" by having replication of
the research by an
independent research
team using
the same protocol.
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TOnTi