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Approved For Release 2000/08/08
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if
it
Acta 593: 427, 1980
.
0006-3J09
O 1989
LANT GRO
). Smirnova
Sciences, Kishinev
rch 1987)
jte'
c
•
ife-.
a different tempera
iwth rate distribution
artificial climate
injt|
re investigated: 200^
15°C. Volume of thlej
ris-y
fc.V
/%
?
Fig. 2
nperature 20®Q
sowing.
iomass of leaves
J
[
Acoustic detection of absorption of electromagnetic radiation
The growth rate of the plants in height was measured. The dynamics of the change in the growth
^tribution function of the plants was analysed for 30 days from the start of signs of germina-
^°*At the initial moments of time of growth (5-7 days after sowing) the growth rate distribution
^11 inv
*
W
'
J
— " <uO/
o "
r *-**
• “‘V uiuktiwwsivu
^ihe plants was close to a normal one. However, on days
10-12 after sowing
this function com-
ity ••collapsed” (Fig. 1) but after a further 3-4 days growth it regained its normal form. Change in
^ly “coliapsea
(.rig. i) uui oner a lunner j-o aays growth it regained its normal form. Change in
Jl^extemal conditions (air temperature, luminosity) only shifted the moment of onset of “chaos”
^ line with the phase shift of development of the plant. Nor was there any change in the character
4/ the “collapse” with the different density of sowing: the growth rate of each individual plant
4/ the "conapse
vmu me umcicm aensiiy 01 sowing: tne growth rate of each individual plant
guetuates.
Study of the consumption of nutrients in the seeds and accumulation of the dry biomass in the
<
rlinwc thnt thp
nf
il _
_
e
«
wij
Viuuiuoi) iu utv
pt««t leaves shows that the moment of “chaos” coincides with the moment of passage of the plant
£00 the heterotrophic to the autotrophic type of nutrition. At this moment a minimum of dry
gytu
*
« *
• m.
w uiMuuiuui ui
uijr
04tter is observed in the plant (plant mass plus seed mass) (Fig.
2). This allowed us to assume that the
effect of variability in the growth rate of the plants may be explained on the basis of the trigger model
4f Chernavskii
et al.
[1]
in which “chaos” corresponds to
the
bifurcation
state on parametric
twitching of the genetic system by the Jacob-Monod scheme. Change in the parameter of the system
w achieved by changing the supply of substrate. The bifurcation state
is interpreted as the moment
gf the onset of competence for differentiation
(1 ]. Apparently the above described phenomenon of
rtriability of plant growth
in terms of the speed parameter
is experimental confirmation of the
general theorem of Chernavskii that the advent of new forms must necessarily proceed through the
Kite of chaos. Variability is the necessary payment for development and complication [2].
REFERENCES
1. CHERNAVSKII, D. S. et al , Oscillatory Processes in Biological and Chemical Systems (in Rus-
sian) p. 138, Nauka, Moscow, 1982
BYELOUSOV, L. V. et al, Ontogenez 16: 213, 1985
kophyiic! Voi. 33 No. S, pp. 961-964, 1988
Printed in Poland
0006-3303/88 JIO.OO + .OO
O 1983 Pergamon Press pic
ACOUSTIC DETECTION OF THE ABSORPTION
OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF THE
MILLIMETRE RANGE IN BIOLOGICAL OBJECTS*
I. G. Polnikov and A. V. Putvinskii
Institute of Radioengineering and Electronics, U.S.S.R. Academy of Sciences, Moscow
CReceived 2 September 1987)
On irradiation of various biological preparations, cells or intact organisms, with millimetre (mm)
waves a whole series of effects
is observed already successfully used in medicine [1-3]. Many authors
have observed marked frequency-dependence of the effects on the basis of which the possibility of
the non-thermal resonance interaction of k.h.f. radiation with
living systems
is discussed
[1,
4],
Bioflzika 33: No. 5, 893-894, 1988,
oved For Release 2000/08/08
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-
.
.
.
.
-Ill
i
T| 1
i.iYme
962
I. G. Polnikov and A. V. PtmuNsim
I
i
i
l
Obviously to solve the problem of the mechanisms of the biological action of mm waves the
first need is to establish whether the frequency dependence of absorption of energy of this radiation
exists in bio-objects. In the present work to control absorption
it
is proposed that the method of
acoustic detection of absorbed power (a.d.a.p.)
is used -based on recording the thermo-elastic vibra-
tions induced by absorption of modulated radiation. Such measurements have already been
practi-
cally mastered in the optical range (photo-acoustic spectroscopy) [5]. It is interesting to note that the
phenomenon of thermoelastic transformation of the radiation to sound itself is also known in electro-
magnetic biology: on absorption of the pulses of a u.h.f. field in the tissues of the head the human
subject hears so-called “radio sound"
[6].
II
Frequency dependence of absorption of the energy of
modulated mm
emission imp> rl?l
'n* ^
a—rectangular quartz cuvette <1 mm thick) filled with water and positioned in the near zone ct
horn (U is the signal of the piezo detector at the rear wall of the cuvette); A— polyethylene ^P
(internal diameter 0-7 mm) with water passing through the waveguide (
is the signal of the
phone inserted into the capillary at a distance 1 cm from the waveguide); c— is the skin of the h
hand (between the horn and the skin is a well harmonizing fluoroplaat gas microphone cell: ^ **
phase shift between the modulating and acoustic signals).
The experimental apparatus was assembled on the basis of a LOV-55 with the
k.h.f-
(5-2 x 2-6 ram1
) and included the necessary instruments for controlling and stabilizing the
power and frequency (35-53 GHz), low frequency modulation (2-1000 Hz) using P-i-N’&y ^
the LOV grid. The rate of the sweep of the radiation frequency. 1-iO.MHz/min. The r ccordt®*
Approved For Release 2000/08/08
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Ipld For Release 2000/08/08
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|p.
Acoustic detection of absorption of electromagnetic radiation
963
W
rA of piezoceramic detectors, condenser microphones, narrow band electrically tuned filters
.2 synchronous quadrature detector. The amplitude of the acoustic signal was recorded
? 0* *
.,0.coordinate automatic recorder.
«•••* "thermoeiastic vibrations on absorption of mm radiation are generated in the object itself
.
e
.
air layer next to the absorbing surface. In both cases the amplitude of the acoustic signal
)tg4
rtjona i to the absorbed power of radiation [5]. We used both variants of a.d.a.p.
# p‘u
P°
rn emitters are most often used to irradiate biological objects with mm waves. Our experi-
showed that in this case a marked pattern of the frequency dependence may be observed
if
0*
j s jn the near zone of the horn (Figure, a). This curve with extremes points to the frequency
d nee of the harmonization of the k.h.f. circuit with the object based on the multimode inter-
C
jn the near zone of the horn. It is important to note that the phenomenon discussed is not
w,reoce
e(j in the frequency dependence of the power reflected in the circuit and, therefore, may be
(«prcs
^ artefacts in ^ evaluation based on waveguide measurements of the radiation absorbed
**.
object, that is, on detection of the action spectra.
k
To irradiate the solutions or cell suspensions a different method was sometimes used: a capillary
introduced into the waveguide through non-emitting apertures. According to the a.d.a.p. data
certain frequency the maximum release of k.h.f. power in the capillary with an aqueous medium
tjs0 be observed in this case (Figure, b). This effect described in [7] is due to the transformation
|*the jjjain mode to other types of waves and may be noted during careful measurements in the
^'if the irradiated object is a layered structure then as shown by theoretical analysis [8] unevenness
and the frequency dependence of the release of k.h.f. power over the layers as a result of interference
effects are possible. Is the frequency dependence of the action of mm radiation on the human body
ot linked with this on irradiation of reflexogenic zones? The a.d.a.p. method makes
it possible to
Investigate the frequency dependence of the depth of penetration and the absorption profile of the
elffl waves in human skin since the dependence of the acoustic response on the modulation frequency
cf emission, in principle, carries full information on the field distribution pattern in the skin (if, of
course, its thermodynamic characteristics are known).
In seeking to detect changes in the depth of penetration of mm emission into the human skin
with change in wavelength we simply recorded by the gas microphone method the frequency de-
pendence of the phase difference of the modulating and acoustic signals. Evidently this parameter is
determined by the time of diffusion of heat to the skin surface and is greater the deeper the radiation
penetrates.
It was found that
in conditions of careful harmonization of the horm with the skin
(when the effects as in the Figure, a, are excluded) the phase shift monotonically drops with increase
in the frequency of mm emission (Figure, c). This evidently simply reflects increase in the absorption
coefficient of the mm waves in the skin, namely its aqueous component. In our view this fact indi-
cates the absence of special features of the frequency dependence of absorption of mm emission
in the skin due to its complex heterogeneous structure.
Thus, the control of the absorbed power by the a.d.a.p. method may serve for correct investi-
gation of the action spectra of mm. waves in experiments In vitro and In vivo.
.
The authors are grateful to V. B. Sandomirskii for assistance in mastering the
a.d.a.p. method.
REFERENCES
1. Effects of Non-Thermal Action of Millimetre Radiation on
Biological
Objects
(in
Russian)
(Ed. N. D. Devyatkov) 220 pp„ IRE Akad. Nauk SSSR, Moscow, 1983
2. Use of Millimetre Low Intensity Radiation in Biology and Medicine (in Russian) (Ed. D. N. Devya-
tkov) 284 pp., IRE Akad. Nauk SSSR, Moscow, 1985
3. ANDREYEV, Ye. A. et a!., Vestn. Akad. Nauk SSSR, No.
1, 24, 1985
4. Coherent Excitations in Biological Systems (Eds. H. Frolich and F. Kremer) Springer Verlag,
Beriin-Heidelberg, 1983
J. ROSENCWAIG, A., Adv. Electronic and Electron Phys. 46: 207, 1976