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®G.
L. Kellog and
S.
S. Brenner,
J.
Phys.
(Paris; SZ,
Zh.Tekh.Fiz.
12., 806
(1986)
[Sov.
Tech.
Phys.
Lett. A£,
Suppl.
11,
06-459 (1988).
^
p> u„ eon
j
333
(1986)].
•
j‘ ^^Upiq^^Ae\^^mm08l08
: CIA-RDP96-00789R0031 00280001 -7
-G.TMesyats
N-ft.
Syuthin,
V.
A.
Ivchenko,
^
^
Taiantsev ,
J.
Phys.
(Paris)
49, Coil. “, Suppi.
>
Translated by D.
p.
11 J.
A.
Panitz,
Rv.
Sci.
Instrum.
44,
1034 (1973).
Role of coherent waves
in pattern recognition and the use of
intracellular information
M. B. Golant and P. V. Poruchikov
(Submitted December 15, 1988)
Pis’ma Zh. Tekh. Fiz. 15, 67-70 (August 26, 1989)
It was shown in Refs.
1 and
2 that the coherent
acoustoelectric waves which are generated by
' ceUs
(and whose length
is smaller than that °f
magnetic waves by a factor of about a milhon) may
play
a role as a high-information-content facility in
^acquisition of data about processes involving
breakdown of the normal operation of the
cells.
The rate at which information
is processed and
the amount of information which
is Processed* how-
ever, depend
to
a large extent on the manner to
which this information
is perceived and processed.
From this standpoint,
the most effective methods
are pattern recognition and processing of infor
tion in complex organisms. The perception
of a
“
SU p“.S
is Sally died to
'”“t -
The human eye,
for example, has ab™‘
,
receptors, which simultaneously perceive different
elements if the objeot being
of*^£n*
in the brain a pattern similar to that of ttos
iect. 3
This circumstance is of exceptional
c
lence for mental manipulation
of the Pattern a
unified whole and results in huge savings in both
the memory and the processing facihties required
for the SipSlation. The result of the Passing
of information
is then realized in a^°ns which
carried out at the level of organs ^a^dS’
teet,
muscles,
etc.).
The human brain, however,
wnicn
has only about 10-10-
cells,
ccannot perform a ^
modeling of the processes which are carne
the cellular level in an organism
,
of cells
in an organism
is
-10
•
t^L.
son,
processes at the
cellular level m y
,
trolled primarily by systems
of the
cells
R.
Vikhrov's suggestion that any Path°i°SY
lated to a pathology of a
cell remains importa
today.
It
is natural
to ask whether the perception and
processing of information about break
Qh^enT waves
are carried out in cells by means
of coherent wa
in the extremely-high-frequency range
tern nature. A stress reaction of an or^“ .“
to
a whole
(a nonspecific response of an orgamsm
a change
in
its condition of existence)
1S »
.
standpoint of phases of adaptation
to chang
»
ilar to the responses
of a
cell to unfavora ^
®
(Ref.
4).
It might thus be suggested that tnere
is
a similarity in the organization of the contro
.
The ideas of Refs.
1 and
2 have been developed
further,
as described briefly in Ref.
5, among other
places.
This work has led to the suggestion that
the organic changes in a
cell which lead to a dis-
ruption
of the shape of cellular membranes result
_
from the excitation of coherent standing acoustoelec
trie waves in these membranes . These waves are
presumably most intense in regions of a disruption.
The frequency of the oscillations
is determined by
the nature of the disruptions.
Theoretical work has
shown 1 )
that the field of these waves, which are
partially radiated into the surrounding space an
converted into electromagnetic waves, causes the
dipoles of protein molecules which are oscillating at
frequencies close to the frequencies of the waves
excited in the membrane to be attracted toward the
membrane. The attractive forces acting °"
,
tein molecules are proportional to sin 2 u)tcos[(2ir/A)S!.J,
wferTriTthe length of the .eonetoetectric v.ve,
and
l is the coordinate along the surface of th
membrane.
These attractive forces are periodic
“heto period
is
A,
rather than
A/2,
as in stend-
ing waves)
.
These forces are weak enough that
a flux of protein molecules toward the membrane
is
formed as a result of a gradual buildup of directed
displacements against the background of Brownian
motion.
In the immediate vicinity of the surface of the
membrane, a force determined by the interac^onof
the polarization field, which is strong (10
V/m),
with the constant component of the dipole moment
erf^he protein molecules acts on the dipoles of these
molecules?
As a result,
kinetic energy is trans-
ferred from the protein molecules
to the membrane
(the average transfer
is kT).
The
collisions, of the
protein molecules may eliminate the distortion of the
shape of the membranes.
Protein molecules adhering to the membrane
execute oscillations which are sustained by virtue
of metabolic energy in the
cell. Being synchronized
by the oscillations in the membrane,
they may trans-
fer this energy to the alternating field of acousto-
electric waves which are excited there, thereby re-
plenistong? the energy expended on controlling the
moving flux of protein molecules.
There
is a clear distinction here between the
control process and the energy process of ehminat
ins- the deformations. The control process
is pre
dominantly the directing of the flux of protein mo
Sow. Tech. Phys. Le„. 16181. Aug.
1 909
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® , 990
o< Riy.fco
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cules to the
of weak alternating components of the field of acous-
toelectric waves and the fields of the electromagnetic
oscillations into which the acoustoelectric waves con-
vert upon radiation.
In the course of the energy
process, on the other hand,
the protein molecules
transfer the average kinetic energy of their thermal
motion to the membrane in the region in which
it
is distorted. The process of eliminating pathological
deformations
is essentially a "self-healing" of the
cells.
From the standpoint of the answer to the
question posed above,
this process can be inter-
'
preted in the following way. The distribution of the
amplitude and the frequency of the coherent waves
excited in the membrane reflects the nature of the
disruptions in the membrane.
In other words,
it
is
the pattern of shape disruptions of the membrane,
coded in the frequency and distribution of the am-
plitude of the field, which affects the processes
which occur in the interior of the
cell (here,
the
energy processes are also included),
leading to the
elimination of the disruptions and the maintenance
of homeostasis.
*
.
‘
It seems to us that this interpretation of the
process
is of more than theoretical importance.
It
might also have some substantial practical conse-
quences .
Since the frequencies of the oscillations ex-
cited in the membrane are determined primarily by
the nature: of the distortions of the shape of the
membrane ,
identical distortions in different parts
of a membrane
will lead to the excitation of the same
frequencies. The nature of the
disruptions of the
functioning of a
cell (the nature of the "disease"),
however, depends on the orientation of the distor-
tion with respect to the positions of the cellular
organelles.
In other words , the same oscillation fre-
quencies may cooperate to eliminate different dis-
ruptions. The richness of the pattern perception
of information about intracellular changes and of the
pattern control of actions performed on these changes
is determined by the frequency—coordinate nature
of the perception.
'*•
:
a
cell
is effective
to the extent that
it corresponds
to the
coherent intrinsic radiation which
is generated by
the
cells upon corresponding disruptions.
Since the pathology of the overall organism
is,
as we have already mentioned,
related to a cellular
pathology,
the same frequencies may prove useful
in the healing of quite different diseases.
Indeed,
the first studies in this direction have revealed that
the spectrum of the biological action of oscillations
of a certain frequency is very wide, and,
while a
certain spectrum of generated frequencies corre-
sponds to a certain type of disruption,
the inverse
conclusion cannot be drawn:
A certain frequency
spectrum of actions
(i.e.,
only one of the coding
factors) may correspond to the possibility of healing
different disruptions
.
^Diis work was
carried out by M.
B. Galant and N.
A.
Savost'yanov.
lN.
D. Deyatkov and M.
B.
Golant, Pis'ma Zh.
Tekh.
Fiz. £,
(1982)
[Sov.
Tech.
Phys.
Lett.
8,
(1982)].
2N.
D. Devyatkov and M.
B.
Golant, Pis'ma Zh.
Tekh.
Fiz. 12,
288
(1986)
[Sov.
Tech.
Phys.
Lett. H,
118
(1986)].
3L. A. Cooper and R.
N.
Shepard,
Sci.
Am. 251, No.
12, 106
(Dec.
1984).
‘‘A.
D. Braun and I.
P.
Mozhenok,. Nonspecific Adaptive Syndrome
[in Russian], Nauka, Leningrad
(1987).
SM.
B. Golant,
ins
Problems of Physical Electronics
[in Russsian],
M.
I.
Kalinin Polytechnical Institute and A.
F.
Ioffe Physico-
technical Institute, Leningrad
(1988).
SM.
B. Golant and T.
B.
Rebrova, Radioelektronika No.
10,
(1986).
Translated by D.
P.
Defect formation in thin films bombarded with high-energy protons
S. G. Lebedev
:
Institute ofNuclear Research, Academy ofSciences ofthe USSR
(Submitted February 9, 1989; resubmitted June '28, 1989)
Pis’ma Zh. Tekh. Fiz. 15, 70-72 (August 26, 1989)
.
The radiation-induced structural defects in
solids bombarded by high-energy protons,
of energy
T
> 100 MeV, are determined by both elastic
(elec-
tromagnetic and nuclear) and inelastic interactions
of the primary protons with the target atoms. The
recoil nuclei which acquire energy as a result of
nuclear interactions of protons create atom—atom col-
lision
cascades
which are greater in extent than
the cascades which start at the atoms that are the
first ejected from their positions in Coulomb inter-
actions, and these recoil nuclei are primarily re-
sponsible for
t.
A fraction
n(T)
of the energy of a recoil nucleus
is expended on electronic excitation,
while another
fraction
v(T)
is expended on the formation of radia-
tion-induced point defects in elastic interactions of
the recoil nucleus with target atoms. The NRT stand-
ard 2
is widely used to calculate the function v(T).
To evaluate the rate at which point defects are gen-
erated by radiation, we need to know the effective
cross section for defect formation,
ojj, and the num-
ber of defects,
n<j = v(T)/(2Ed), produced by the
first-ejected atoms in the cascade of subsequent
,atom-.at«iU(MUisi(MV5-XEdr45. Ahfi,
suf-
P?offefease
660
Sov. Tech. Phys. Lett. 15(8), Aug. 1989
03 60c 1 20X789/08 0 6 60-02 $02.00
© 1 990 American Institute of Physics
650
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