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A.
Menlo Park to New York City
(Grant
f s Tomb)
Two subjects,
S7 and
S8,
both in California,
participated
simultaneously in
a trial with Grant's
Tomb,
the first
of two New York
City targets.
Both subjects independently provided computer-stored
records
of their impressions
,
and one made the sketch shown in Figure
6.
Subject
S8 said
in his
opening paragraph:
"Outdoors,
large open
area,
standing on and then off asphalt
(rough material),
dark
for
a path.
A white building,
like a ticket
booth.
Wooden structure,
is white in
color, and has an arched look about
it.
There
is
a
large shade tree
close
to Russ
(outbound experimenter).”
Subject
S7
,
closeted
in a separate
SRI
location, began with:
"I thought
of
a high place with
a view.”
The subject
continued with
M I saw a tree on your
left
in a brick plaza— it seemed to be in front
of
a building
you were entering.”
Later,
”l
could
not
clearly identify the
activity,
A restaurant?
A museum?
A bookstore?”
And,
”You were
looking
at
coins in the palm of
your hand,
maybe giving some
to Nicky
(son of
outbound experimenter),”
The
coins were in fact given to the experimenter's
son to purchase
the postcard from which Figure
6 was
made.
Both subjects
then went
on for an additional paragraph to describe details of the
activities
they imagined to be going on inside
the building they saw,
details that were partly correct,
partly incorrect.
B.
Menlo Park to New York City
(Washington Square Fountain)
In the second experiment,
the target,
again chosen by random
protocol,
was
the fountain in Washington Square Park.
One subject,
S7
,
participated.
The photos and the subject’s
drawing of
the fountain are
shown in Figure
7.
The subject began with the following:
”The first
image
I got at about
the first
minute was
of
a
cement depression— as
if
a dry
fountain with a cement post
in the center or inside.
There seemed to be
pigeons
off to the right,
flying around the surface out
of the depression
....
At one point
I thought
you were opening a cellophane bag
.
(The experi-
menters had in fact bought ice cream during the experimental period.)
”There
was also a rectangular wooden frame,
a window frame,
but
I wasn’t sure
if
it
was
on a building,
or
a similar structure with
a different purpose.”
(A possible correlation from a functional viewpoint
to the Washington
Square Arch through which the outbound experimenters viewed the fountain
toward the end of the experimental period.)
”A11
in all
I thought you
were in Riverside Park
D ...”
(Incorrect analysis.)
Finally,
the subject
described "cement
steps going into the depression,
like
a stadium,
and
the rounded edge of the top of the depression as
you go up to ground level,”
a description which shows
correct detail.
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GRANT'S TOMB TARGET
IN NEW YORK CITY
FIGURE 6
IN COAST-TO-COAST REMOTE VIEWING EXPERIMENT, SUBJECT DESCRIBED:
"OUTDOORS, LARGE OPEN
AREA.,.. SHADE TREES.... WHITE BUILDING WITH
ARCHES”
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FIGURE
WASHINGTON
SQUARE
IN
NEW
YORK
CITY,
USED
AS
TARGET
IN
COAST-TO-COAST
REMOTE-VIEWING
EXPERIMENT,
JULY
1976
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C.
New York City to Ohio
(Ohio Caves)
A third long-distance remote-viewing experiment was
carried out
under the
control
of an independent,
skeptical scientist
not known to the
subject.
In this
case SRI experimenters visiting in Ohio
agreed to a
remote-viewing experiment
in which the target would
be selected by our
host
.
Under the observation of our challenger, we telephoned Subject
S4 in New York City and obtained the subject's agreement to participate
in a long-distance remote viewing experiment.
The subject was told only
that we were
located somewhere between New York City and California and
that shortly we would be taken to
a target.
The time for the experiment
was
set
for 2:00 PM EDT.
We also agreed to
call again at 3:00 PM EDT to
obtain Subject S4's impressions
and to provide feedback as to the actual
target
.
The scientist chose as
a target
location the Ohio Caverns
at
Springfield,
Ohio
(see Figure 8).
We entered the grounds through an
entrance arch that
opened onto an enormous
expanse of
lawn,
perhaps 20
acres
.
The
caves are located at
a depth of ^150
ft and are entered
through a small building having
a long flight
of steep stairs.
Once
underground, we walked through a maze of rock-lined tunnels
that
led
eventually into a series
of rooms
lined with calcite stalactites and
stalagmites, frosty white and beige crystals formed
like icicles.
The
entire
cavern was illuminated by small electric light bulbs attached
to the walls.
After a 45-minute walk, we exited the
caves through a
large metal door giving access
to
a square cross-sectional
shaft with
stairs
leading
to the surface.
Following the experimental period,
the scientist-observer called
the subject
in New York,
45 minutes after we
left
the
caves.
The opening
statements
of the subject's transcript as
dictated over the phone and
posted to the SRI experimenters was
as
follows:
"1:50 PM before starting—Flat semi-industrial
countryside with mountain range in background and
something to do with underground caves
or mines or
(jggp shafts—-half man made,
half natural
some
electric humming going on— throbbing,
inner throbbing.
Nuclear or some very far out and possibly secret
installation— corridor—mazes
of them—whole under-
ground city almost—Don’t
like
it
at all-long for out-
doors and nature.
2:00 PM— (Experimenters)
R and H
walking along sunny road—entering into arbor-like
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FIGURE
OHIO CAVES:
DESCRIBED BY SUBJECT
IN NEW YORK AS, "UNDERGROUND
CAVES OR
MINES.... DEEP SHAFTS....
DARKER, COOL, MOIST EARTH-SMELLING
PASSAGES”
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shaft—again looks
like man helped nature
vines
(wisteria) growing in arch at entrance like to a wine
cellar— leading into underground world.
Darker
earth-smelling
cool
moist passage with something
grey and of interest
on
left
of them—musty—sudden
change to bank of elevators—a very man-made steel
wall—and shaft-like inverted silo going
deep below
earth—brightly
lit
As
is often the
case,
one observes
that the basic gestalt
of
the
target site was
cognized
(the underground caves aspect) while
a specific
interpretation
(the labeling of the location as
a nuclear installation)
was
in error.
A second subject
(S8) who had agreed in advance to participate
in the same experiment by date and
time,, was
less
successful with the
cavern target.
This
subject erroneously interpreted early impressions
as associated with a museum.
As
a result
the majority of his transcript,
although containing some correct elements
,
ref lects primarily this
incorrect analytical interpretation and cannot
be said to constitute
evidence for paranormal functioning.
D.
New Orleans
to Palo Alto
(Northern California Bank
Plaza)
Two trials
carried out between New Orleans and Menlo Park,
California,
constitute the final tests
of
this
long-distance series.
These
last two were
carried out with the two subjects who had participated
in the first
two California-to-New York experiments.
The first experiment in this
series
required Subject
S7 in
New Orleans
to view the activities
of a group of three people known to
the subject,
at
a location in a Palo Alto/Menlo Park area 2000 miles
away.
The subject’s principal impression was
of an "overhang of
a building over
their heads
...
also a round gold rim around a sunken depression."
The
target,
a bank building,
is shown in Figure
9.
Principal features
of the
target include
a building overhang, and a rectangular concrete depression
with a fountain in which the water
comes out
of
a circular gold rim.
The
subject also reported "some kind of fake
china flowers mushrooming out
of
the depression,”
a possible correlation to four orange lamps mounted on the
gold rim.
Finally,
S7 reported "there was
a projectile coming toward
(one
of the outbound experimenters).
Like
a ball or frisbee,
as
if
(another experimenter) has tossed him a ball."
The experimenters had in
fact found a paper airplane lying on the ground and had thrown it back and
forth several times;
the photo of the site taken at the time of the
experiment shows the airplane between them.
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FIGURE
REMOTE VIEWING EXPERIMENT — NEW ORLEANS TO PALO ALTO, 30 OCTOBER
1976.
Subject
described:
"The overhang
of
a
building over
their
heads,"
also "A round
gold
rim around
a sunken
depression"
....
“In
the
surface
of
the
depression
there
is some
kind
of
fake china
flowers.
It's
like
a
Bonsai
tree mushrooming
out
of
the
surface.”
Later
in
the
transcript
she
said
"There was
a
projectile coming toward
Dave.
Some, kind
of
a
projectile,
like
a
ball
or
frisbee.
As
if
Elizabeth
tossed him
a
ball.”
(It was
a paper
airplane.)
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E.
Menlo Park to New Orleans
(Louisiana Superdome)
For the final experiment
(subject
in Menlo Park)
it was agreed
that
at
1200 CST on a particular day,
the
outbound experimenter would choose
a target location in his
city by random protocol and remain there
for the
required
15 minutes.
During this
time,
Subject
S8
in Menlo Park would
tape-record impressions and make any drawings
that
seemed appropriate.
The target
chosen by randomized entry into a New Orleans
guide
book list was the Louisiana Superdome.
The outbound experimenter
tape-
recorded the following description as he looked at
the
building:
It
is
a bright sunshiny day.
In front
of me
is
a huge silvery building with a
white dome gleaming in the
sun.
It
is
a circular building with metal
sides.
It
looks
like nothing
so much as
a flying
saucer.
The target
is in
fact
the 80,000-seat Louisiana Superdome stadium."
The subject in Menlo Park described the target
as
"a large
circular building with a white dome."
The subject also expressed feelings
of wanting to reject what he saw because the dome
looked "like
a flying
saucer in the middle
of
a city."
Some appreciation for this perception
can
be obtained from Figure
10 in which the
target
is
shown,
together witn
the sketches
that the subject made.
Due
to the expense and distances
involved,
these five trials
were not evaluated by our
usual
double-blind matching procedure.
None-
theless,
on the basis
of post-hoc content analysis
it appears that the
results obtained in these
five
long-distance remote-viewing experiments
were roughly of the same accuracy with regard to site description as those
obtained
in local remote-viewing experiments.
(For more detail,
including
samples
of
complete transcripts and associated content analysis,
see
Ref.
46.)
The
descriptions
not only contain correct general information,
but often show remarkable detail and resolution.
Furthermore,
in a number
of instances,
real-time activities were observed and correctly described.
Similar data has been obtained by Bisaha and Dunne in a series
of successful
long-distance remote viewing experiments
carried out over
intercontinental distances
(e.g.,
Chicago-Moscow)
,
The data from our
five trials taken together with their formally- judged experiments would
seem to indicate that there
is
little,
if any, degradation in quality of
perception as
the subject-target distance
is
increased from a few km to
intercontinental distances.
Therefore,
any theory of paranormal function-
ing put forward at this time should take into account this apparent
insensitivity to distance,
and any application of paranormal functioning
need not,
to first order,
consider distance
as
a barrier,
at
least
to
the
range examined.
This
conclusion admittedly is based on the long-distance data
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FIGURE
LONG DISTANCE REMOTE VIEWING EXPERIMENT
SRI, MENLO PARK,
TO LOUISIANA SUPERDOME.
Subject
described
large
circular
building with
a
white dome.
October
1976.
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obtained to date, which is
not
as extensive as that obtained for shorter
distances.
Nonetheless,
in our opinion the indications are strong that
this conclusion is
correct.
VII
RESOLUTION
IN REMOTE VIEWING STUDIES:
MINI-TARGETS
In order to obtain an estimate
of the resolution capability of the
remote-viewing process
, an experimental series was
carried out
in which
a subject
(S4) was asked to render descriptions of objects hidden in
small light-tight
metal containers
(35 mm film cans).
This was
the
first
experiment
of this
type in our laboratory.
There were
no previous
trials
or pilot experiments with these or similar targets.
In this series
the
target
can was not seen by the subject before
or during the experiment;
the location of
the target was known to the subject only as
being
on the
person of
a known experimenter who had
left the laboratory,
obtained the
target from a previously prepared target pool by use of
a random number
generator, and was
now located at an unknown site away from SRI
(about
l/8th mile distant).
Furthermore,
in order to test the 'transmitter
hypothesis,
during the trials no experimenter,
including the outbound
experimenter with the target
, knew either the particular target,
nor the
contents
of thTTarget
pool.
The experiment was
thus
of the double-blind
type.
Statistically significant
results,
determined by blind
judging,
was obtained for this
series.
In preparation for the series,
a target selector not known to the
subject and not otherwise associated with this
study was asked to select
ten small objects and to place each in a separate 35 mm light-tight film
can.*
The target pool was
constructed to contain a number of cylindrically
shaped objects,
a number
of metal objects,
and so forth
(that
is,
the
objects were not chosen to be particularly distinct from one another),
so as
to circumvent subject
strategies based on knowledge
of previous
targets
(by feedback)
as the series progressed.
The film cans were then
turned over to a second experimenter who, without
opening them,
numbered
the film cans
1 to
10 and placed them in a secure safe.
At this point
all information as
to film can contents and target can number was
lost.
{
At the beginning
of
each trial
the
subject was
closeted with an
experimenter in an isolated windowless room of the Radio Physics Laboratory
*The film cans were tested for light-tightness
by exposing the cans
con-
taining 400 ASA Tri-X film to 30 flashes
of
a 1200 watt-second strobe
light at
11 inches;
photodensitometer traces showed no light exposure as
compared with unexposed control film.
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in the
SRI
complex.
A second experimenter then left
the laboratory,
generated a random number by the use of the random-number function on
a Texas
Instruments Model SR-51 hand calculator
,
obtained the associated
can from the target pool
in the safe,* and took
it
to a convenient
location
(not told to the subject)
in a park nearby SRI
(about
l/8th mile distant).
Thus
the subject knew the
location of the
film can target only as
being
on the person of an experimenter, known to her,
outbound to an unknown
site.
The outbound experimenter then remained at
the remote
location
for an agreed-upon ten-minute target period, with the film can still
unopened so that
he remained ignorant
of the target
.
During the target period
the subject was asked to locate the outbound
experimenter and to describe the contents
of
the film can in his
possession.
Since the investigator with the subject was
ignorant
of both
the particular
target and the
contents
of the target pool,
he was
free
to question the
subject about her perceptions without fear of
cueing.
The entire inter-
action in the laboratory was
tape recorded, and the subject was encouraged
to make drawings
to accompany her verbal description of
the film-can
contents
,
Following
the target period,
the outbound experimenter returned to the
laboratory,
at which time all concerned
(subject and experimenters)
learned
for the
first
time the contents
of the target film can by opening
it.
A sequence
of ten trials was
carried out.
During
the
series
the
target
cans were used without replacement until the ten possibilities were exhausted.
To facilitate analysis,
it was
decided in advance of the experimental
series
that
the ten trials would be broken down into two subgroups
of
five
trials
each.
Thus,
in the blind rank-order procedure used
(described below),
a
judge was asked to compare each target against
five
transcripts
one
generated during
the target period of
interest and four generated during
the other target periods
of
the subgroup.
In preparation for the
judging
of each subgroup,
the subject’s tapes
were transcribed.
The resulting transcripts were then edited only to
the
extent
of deleting information which might act
as artifactual
cues
to a
judge,
such as references
to other targets,
or phrases which might indicate
the temporal order of the transcripts.
*Be cause targets were used without replacement, when a previously used
number came up,
the random- number generator was reactivated until an
unused number was obtained.
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