SG1I - Approved For Release 2003/04/18 : CIA-RDP96-00791R000200040004- (b) Physical Measurements ‘A meeting was held with Mr, Stacy Luke of the client's organization in which it was agreed that an experiment shall be carried out utilizing the client's Josephson junction gradiometer., Alternate SRI locations were examined and a suitable one chosen, The purpose of the experiment is (1) to determine whether magnetic field gradients can... be established.on command by the subject, and, if so, (2) to investigate * such effects under conditions of viewing the probe from remote locations, and, if the latter is positive, to examine the effect as a function mm n veh be OQ. 2h subject-probe distance. NM & Ae a (Aw & ut eee rae Two additional sensitive instruments are being ‘set up as ° ri * ? we v remote probes. One is a radiation probe box which includes a photo- 4 Nica ( é multiplier and geiger counter, The other is a mechanical force indicator £24 We iM ye — consisting of a torsion pendulum suspended on a metal fiber, enclosed in eter “a bell jar, and monitored by a laser beam reflected from a mirror on the pie | ‘ pendulum to a beam-position detector, Baseline data are being taken for pL. c a these instruments, and experimentation will proceed during April. Jager _ ter Reference 1: "Hemispheric Specialization and the Duality of Consciousness," David Galin, M.D. and Robert E, Ornstein, Ph.D., in press in: Widroe, Harvey, M.D., ed, Human Behavior and Brain Function, fl] Published by Charles C. Thomas, Springfield, Illinois, 1973. f’ hee Oo 5 Approved For Release 2003/04/18 : CIA-RDP96-00791R000200040004-9
Approved For Release 2003/04/18 : CIA-RDP96-00791R000200040004-9 APPENDIX Hemispheric Specialization and the Duallty of Consciousness David Galin, M.D. and Robert E. Ornstein, Ph.D. Institute for the Study of Human Consclousness Langley Porter Neuropsychiatric Institute University of Californta, San Francisco in press in: Widroe, Harvey, M.D., ed. Human Behavior and Brain Function published by Charles C Thomas Springfield, !tllinois 1973 Approved For Release 2003/04/18 : CIA-RDP96-00791R000200040004-9
Approved For Release 2003/04/18 : CIA-RDP96-00791R000200040004-9 Hemispherlc Spectalizatlon and the Dualfty of Consclousness David Galin, M.D., and Robert E. OrnsteIn, Ph.D. Institute for the Study of Human Consclousness Langley Porter Neuropsychlatric institute University of California, San Francisco CPYRGHT -A varlety of evidence from clinical and neurosurgical sources Indicates that the two hemispheres of the human bratn are specialized for different cognitive functions, This evidence has been confirmed In studies of normal subjects. The left hemisphere Is predominantly Involved In verbal and other analytic functions, the right In spatial and other holfstic processing. — The two hemispheres have been surgically separated for the treatment of certatn cases of epilepsy; after the operation, It has been found that each hemisphere Is conscious, and can carry out complex cognitive processes of the type for which It is specialfzed. In short, there appear to be two separate, conscious minds In one head. The study of how these two half- brains cooperate or Interfere with each other in normal, intact people has Just begun. We believe that this work has important Implications for psychiatric theory and practice, and education, as well as for clinical neurology. | In our laboratory at Langley Porter we have been studying this lateralization of function with EEG techniques. With the method which we have developed we can distinguish between these two cognitive modes as they occur in normal subjects, using simple scalp recordings. Approved For Release 2003/04/18 : CIA-RDP96-00791R000200040004-9
- Approved For Release 2003/04/18 : CIA-RDP96-00791R000200040004-9 page 2 CPYRGHT We will review some of the experiments and clintcal observations on this duality In human nature, and mention some of the opportunities for future research that seem to us most promising. 1. Specialization of the two Hemispheres - ''Split-Brain'' studies: The asymmetrical localization of cognitive function has long been established. Language was ascribed to the left hemisphere by Dax in 1836 (Benton & Joynt, 1960). Since then clinical work with brain damaged patlents has continued to differentiate the cognitive functions of the hemispheres (Semmes et al., 1955, Milner, 1965a, Luria, 1966, Corkin, 1965). For example right temporal lobectomy produces a severe impairment on visual and tactile mazes. tn contrast Jeft temporal lobectomy of equal anno extent produces little deficit on these tasks but impairs verbal memory (Milner, 1965a, Corkin, 1965). In general, clinical work has found verbal and arithmetical functions (analytic, linear) depend on the left hemispiiere while spatial relationships (hollstic, gestalt) are the specta! province of the right hemisphere. Sperry, Gazzaniga, Bogen and thelr assoclates (1969, Levy, 1970, Bogen, 1969) have had a unique opportunity to study the specialization of the two halves of the brain tsolated from each other. They worked with patients who had undergone surgical section of the corpus callosum for the treatment of epilepsy. These "split brain" patients were tested with special apparatus to insure that the task was presented to only one hemisphere at a time. Sperry, Gazzaniga and Bogen have been able to establish that each hemisphere can function independently and is independently conscious. Learning and memory are found to continue separately in each hemisphere. The right hand literally does not know what Approved For Release 2003/04/18 : CIA-RDP96-00791R000200040004-9
Approved For Release 2003/04/18 : CIA-RDP96-00791R000200040004-9 page 3 CPYRGHT the left hand Is doing. Both halves Independently sense, perceive and conceptualize. Untlateral assoclatlons between tactual, visual and auditory sensations remain. In these patients, the left hemisphere f{s capable of speech, writing and mathematical calculation, and is severely limited in problems Involving spatial relations. The right hemisphere has use of only a few words and can perform simple addition only up to ten, but can perform tasks Involving spatial relationships and music patterns. | It ts fmportant to emphasize that what most characterizes the hemlspheres ts not that they are spectallzed to work with different types of materlal, (the left with words and the right with spatial forms); rather each hemi sphere is spectalized for a different cognitive style; the left for an analytic, logical mode for which words are an excellent tool, and the right for a holistic, gestalt mode, which happens to be particularly suitable for spatial relations, and music. The difference In cognitive style is explicitly described in a recent paper by Levy, Trevarthen, and Sperry, 1972 : "Recent commissurotomy studies have shown that the two disconnected hemispheres, working on the same task, may process the same sensory information in distinctly different ways, and that the two modes of mental operation Involving spatial synthesis for the right and temporal analysis for the left, show indications of mutual antagonism (Levy, 1970). The propensity of the language hemisphere to note Approved For Release 2003/04/18 : CIA-RDP96-00791R000200040004-9