Approved For Release 2000/08/10 : CIA-RDP96-00787R000100130001-8 Table SUMMARY OF REMOTE VIEWING Target 1. Link Trainer flight simulator 2. 23" Video Monitor with keyboard 3. Drill press 4. Abacus 3 TECHNOLOGY SERIES Subject Responses Experimenter crowded into very small space. Gray diffuse light. Experimenter described as doing something with both hands. Big black box in center of room. Glass porthole with blue light. Switches underneath porthole. Man-size machine with belt and pulley. Spoked handle, vertical graph. Game box with balls. Drew six tracks with balls in them and a circular pattern below. Approved For Release 2000/08/10 : CIA-RDP96-00787R000100130001-8
Approved For Release 2000/08/10 : CIA-RDP96-00787R000100130001-8 On not at this time know whether their ignorance of the possible target pool is a help or a hindrance to their descriptions. We plan to continue working with this type of target material to gain further information as to the resolution capability of various subjects in this perceptual area. (d) Project Atlas Remote Viewing A second remote~viewing experiment has been carried out on a client=— designated target of interest, a European R&D test facility. The subject for this experiment (S~3) was given map coordinates in degrees and minutes and told only that the target was a technical facility. The subject's response follows. A map accompanying the description is shown in Figure 3. "First view taken at 11.00 a.m., EST (27 Aug 74) The given coordinates gave a view of a rather flat environment composed of what looked like sand dunes covered intermittently with a scrubby grass. The wind was blowing, and the view was at night (approx. 12 hours difference). The view was hovering over a road running NNW, and there could be seen a fence to the right, and beyond that a series of rec- tangular buildings in rows. ‘There appeared to be a network of ‘roads and lots of wire fences. A strange orange circular plat- form could be seen, but not identified as to purpose. There appeared to be tall towers in the distance, and around one tower-like structure there were a lot of lights and activity. Second view taken at 12.25 a.m., EST (28 Aug 74). Again, the wind was blowing. The sun was reflecting off the ground, and it seemed dusty. There appeared to be huge fenced perimeters (steel fencing?). There are hills or mountains to the south, and also some high-power voltage lines. There is a marsh (?) to the NNW. Comment: Tiredness at the second viewing seemed to inhibit mobility in the view. Also, due to the complexity of the structures at the site, it is difficult to progress without some form of feedback. It is possible that the coordinates suffice to locate tThe first experiment was carried out with Subject S-l. . 22 Approved For Release 2000/08/10 : CIA-RDP96-00787R000100130001-8
A AN é," lg, on wn For Release enn CIA-RDP96- TES OLE n git ayiew) sv | NF ON x sabe ar ot aN abe) 4 Figure 3. Drawing of Project Atlas * site submitted by Subject 5-3 Approved For Releas e 2000/08/10 : CIA-RDP96-00787R000100130001-8
Approved For Release 2000/08/10 : CIA-RDP96-00787R000100130001-8 \ the perception at the general site, but that preciseness as to artificial structures, especially in a complicated area, will have to have some additional orientation sequence. MAP 1 follows." seek Evaluation of the data by the client is underway. B, Basic Research In addition to the testing of individuals under conditions which yield data indicating the feasibility of the application of paranormal abilities to operational needs, fifty percent of the effort is devoted to identification of measurable characteristics possessed by gifted individuals, identification of neurophysiological correlates which relate to paranormal activities, and identification of the nature of paranormal phenomena. 1. Criteria for the Determination of Gifted Individuals (a) Remote Viewing of Natural Targets Data continues to be taken on the.remote viewing phenomena. As this report goes to press, Subiects 4 and 6 have completed the required series of nine sites, and the results will be judged and included in the following report. (b) Line Drawings The line drawing series has yet to be completed on all subjects. Approved For Release 2000/08/10 : CIA-RDP96-00787R000100130001-8
Approved For Release 2000/08/10 : CIA-RDP96-00787R000100130001-8 (c) Four-State Electronic Random Stimulus Generator rs oo As discussed in detail in Progress Report #3, the determination of the state of a four-state electronic random stimulus generator comprises one of the three screening tests. The target is in the form of oné of four art slides chosen randomly (p = 1/4) by an electronic random gener- ator. -The generator does not indicate its choice until the subject indicates his choice to the machine by pressing a button. As soon as the supject indicates his choice, the target slide is illuminated to provide visual feedback as to the correctness or incorrectness of his choice. Until that time both subject and experimenter remain ignorant of the machine's choice, so the experiment is of the double-blind type. The machine choice, subject choice, cumulative trial number, and cumulative hit number are recorded automatically on a printer. For the purpose of screening, each subject is required to complete 100 25-trial runs (t.e., a total of 2500 trials). Since Progress Report #3, an additional subject (S-4) has completed the required number of runs. The machine screening data now stands as shown in Table 4. Table 4 SCREENING DATA: FOUR-STATE ELECTRONIC RANDOM STIMULUS GENERATOR Subject Mean Score/100 Trials Binomial Over 2500 Trials Probability 1 25.76 0.22 2 | 29.36 | 3 x 1077 4 25.76 0.22 6 25.40 0.33 Approved For Release 2000/08/10 : CIA-RBP96-00787R000100130001-8
Approved For Release 2000/08/10 : CIA-RDP96-00787R000100130001-8 2. Identification of Measurable Characteristics Possessed by Gifted Subjects Medical and Psychological Evaluation The medical and psychological evaluation of program participants is continuing at the Palo*Alto Medical Clinic under coordination of Dr. Robert Armbruster, Director of the Department of Environmental Medicine. The work is. close to being completed, as indicated in Table 5 and 6. The raw data for subjects 2, 3, and 6 are included in Appendices 2, 3, and 4. Summarized data and interpretation will follow at program completion. Approved For Release 2000/08/10 : CIA-RDP96-00787R000100130001-8
Approved For Release 2000/08/10 : CIA-RDP96-00787R000100130001-8 ~ Table 7 Program, 23rd Annual International Conference--Quantum Physics and Parapsychology, Geneva, Switzerland, August 26-27, 1974 "Foundations of Paraphysical and Parapsychological Phenomena," Evan Harris Walker, Ballistic Research Laboratories, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland, U.S.A. "Precognition--A Memory of Things Future?" Gerald Feinberg, Columbia University, New York, U.S.A. "Parapsychology, Quantum Logic and Information Theory," C.T.K. Chari, Madras Christian College, Madras, India (read by Harold Puthoff). "Quantum Paradoxes and Aristotle's Twofold Information Concept," O. Costa de Beauregard, Institut Henri Poincare, Paris, France. "Life and Quantum Physics," V.A. Firsoff, Royal Astronomical Society, London, England. | "Physics, Entropy, and Psychokinesis," Harold Puthoff£ and Russell Tare, Stanford Research Institute, Menlo Park, California U.S.A. "Remote Viewing of Natural Targets," Russell Targ and Harold Puthoff, Stanford Research Institute, Menlo Park, California U.S.A. "Parapsychology as an Analytico-Deductive Science," J.H.M. Whiteman, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa. "A Logically Consistent Model of a World with Psi Interaction," Helmut Schmidt, The Institute for Parapsychology, Durham, North Carolina, U.S.A. "Connections Between Events in the Context of the Combinatorial Model for a Quantum Process," Ted Bastin, Cambridge Language Research Unit, Cambridge, England. Approved For Release 2000/08/10 : CIA-RDP96-00787R000100130001-8
- . a App pp meee proved For Release 2000/08/10 : CIA-RDP96-00787R000100130001-8 rT NTE Nm IO EES EERE OME TLS SA ah thctiibaitickiaicr mae ate ee sae: ; Approved For Release 2000/08/10 : CIA-RDP96-00 '87R000 SES POR SES AE MTA eae OTE ED Rte Piacente no SEN alr a Eda tt aE sa wears able Naas Eas ea iE AER ERE ee aa ah a necessarily deny the possibility of large macroscopic effects.) The subject thus appears to act as a local negentropic source. If true, it may be more advantageous as a practical matter to work with extremely noisy systems, rather than with highly constrained or organized systems, in order to maximize possible effects due to the introduction of order. (2) Paranormal phenomena often appear to be more the result of coincidence than the effect of a well-defined cause. Again, rather than being the result of the perversity of nature, the observed goal-oriented synchronicity may indicate that physical systems are more easily manipu- lated at the global level of boundary conditions and constraints rather than at the level of mechanism. Thus, the apparency that a give.. desired result can be explained away by a coincidental but “natural” event needs to he explored more fully. Unexpected but natural causes may be the effect of a series of causal links, outside the defined experimental boundaries but representing an unforseen line of least resistance. At worst, such causal links may in fact be unobservable in the sense of the hidden variables concept in quantum theory, but nevertheless, act as instruments of the will. (3) Paranormal phenomena appear to be intrinsically spontaneous; t.e., it is difficult to evoke paranormal phenomena "on cue", with the result that the phenomena are often considered to be not under good control, and therefore not amenable to controlled experimentation. This difficulty bserving some macroscopic -8 is so pronounced that it is lLikel hat 4 e are o 0013000 32
A Sa a, eal on ET CEO ED SS OEE Te SAIN SATIS AE Ne EEN en A TIRE AE MN TY evi rey . eect veciwag torargere Approved For Release 2000/08/10 : CIA-RDP96-00787R000100130001-8 s analog of a quantum transition, an event similarly unpredictable in time except as a probability function. If the analogy is correct, experimenta- tion in this area simply needs to be treated in the manner of, for example, weak photon experiments. (4) Possibly related to item (3), the more closely one attempts to observe paranormal phenomena, the less likely one is to see them, a factor considered by many to support hypotheses of poor observation, fraud, etc. To a sophisticated observer, however, simple dismissal does not stand up under serutiny. Invoking again the idea of a macroscopic analog (of a quantum transition, we may, as observers of delicate phenomena, be witness to observer effects generally associated with the uncertainty principle. Paradoxically, from the subject's viewpoint, the production of the phenomena may also be an observer effect, perturbing as it does the expected behavior of a system. In this model the scrutiny of para- normal phenomena under laboratory conditions could in principle be considered to be collective phenomena involving interfering observer effects in a manner known to occur at the microscopic quantum level. (5) Finally, it appears to be useful as a guiding principle to recognize that all of the phenomena dealt with in macroscopic psycho-- energetics are totally permissible at the microscopic level within the framework of physics as presently understood. It is simply that time reversibility, tunneling through barriers, simultaneous multiple-state occupation, etc., are generally unobservable as gross macroscopic phenomena for statistical reasons only, as codified in the concept of increasing disorder (entropy). Therefore, it may be appropriate to consider an individual with paranormal abilities primarily as a source of ordering Approved For Release 2000/08/10 : CIA-RDP96-00787R000100130001-8
El ~ Approved For Release 2000/08/10 : CIA-RDP96-00787R000100130001-8 ~. phenomena. of sufficient magnitude so as to restructure the otherwise random statistics of the macroscopic environment. (b) Precognition Model As discussed in Section II A.1.(b), an hypothesis which required consideration was the possibility that apparent paranormal perception was instead precognition of post-experiment feedback, an hypothesis easier to justify within accepted paradigms of electromagnetic theory. (See Appendix I.) Therefore, the experiments of Section II A.1.(b) were carried out with the testing of that hypothesis as a basic research objective. By task, that experiment is part of Program II (Basic Research), but is presented in Section II to preserve the chronology of experimentation. As indicated in the summary, the results obtained in that series are deemed sufficient to permit rejection of the precognition hypothesis. (c) Information Theoretic Approach to the Use of Paranormal Channels Independent of the mechanisms which may be involved in psychoenergetic phenomena, observation of the phenomena implies the existence of information channels in the information-theoretic sense. Since such channels are amenable to analysis on the basis of information-theoretic techniques, headway can be made in determining channel characteristics such as bit rate, independent of a well-defined underlying theory (in the sense that thermodynamic concepts can be applied to the analysis of systems independent of underlying mechanisms). To indicate the utility of such an approach, we consider the following substudy. Experimentation in che areas of remote viewing and the determinazion of the state of a four-state electronic random stimulus generator have yielded results at levels of statistical significance p <10°°. As good Approved For Release 2000/08/10 : CIA-RDP96-00787R000100130001-8
Approved For Release 2000/08/10 : CIA-RDP96-00787R000100130001-8 as such results are from the standpoint of statistical significance, the information channel is imperfect, containing noise along with the signal. When one considers how best to utilize such a channel, one is led to the communication. theory concept of the introduction of redundancy as a means of coding a message to combat the effects of a noisy channe1.4 We consider ‘here the implementation of such a technique as a means of utilizing a noisy channel of the paranormal type as a practical communication system. A prototype experiment employing such techniques has proven successful.* The approach presented here constitutes both a pedagogical vehicle for the elucidation of the characteristics of the paranormal channel, and a developmental program potentially resulting in a communication channel of utilitarian value. For our purposes we shall consider < message to consist of a sequence — of alphabet characters, each character represented -by a 5—-bit code as shown in Table 7.* Each binary digit to be sent through the channel is to be encoded to combat channel noise, i.e., is to have added to it additional redundancy bits. Efficient coding requires a compromise between the desire to maximize reliability and the desire to minimize redundancy. ‘ One efficient coding scheme for such a channel is obtained by application of a sequential sampling procedure of the type used in production line quality control.? The adaptation of such a procedure to paranormal communication channels was considered first by Taetzsch.4 The sequential a *Taking into account the uneven distribution of letter frequencies in English text, this code is chosen such that 0 and 1 have equal probability. Approved For Release 2000/08/10 : CIA-RDP96-00787R000100130001-8
P Approved For Release 2000/08/10 : CIA-RDP96-00787R000100130001-8 ~ Table 7 5-Bit Code for Alphanumeric Characters* E 00000 Y 01000 T 11111 G,J 10111 N 00001 W 01001 R 11110 Vv 10110 I 00010 B 01010 0 11101 d 10101 A 00011 1 01011 S,X,Z 11100 2 10100 D 00100 3 01100 H 11011 4 10011 L 00101 5 01101 C,K,Q 11010 6 10010 F 00110 7 01110 P 11001 8 10001 U 00111 9 01111 M 11000 . 10000 *Alphabet characters listed in order of decreasing frequency in English text. See, for example, A. Sinkov, Elementary Cryptanalysis--A Mathematical Approach, Random House (1968). 36 Approved For Release 2000/08/10 : CIA-RDP96-00787R000100130001-8
Approved For Release 2000/08/10 : CIA-RDP96-00787R000100130001-8 ~. method gives a rule of procedure for making one of three possible decisions following the receipt of each bit: (1) accept "1" as the bit being trans- tated, (2) reject "1" as the bit being transmitted (i.e., accept "0", or (3) continue transmission of the bit under consideration. The sequential OER ET STERN AEE IORI SORES LTT NY ENA ONAL wpe sampling procedure differs from fixed-length coding in that the number of bits required per message bit is not fixed prior to transmission, but depends on the results accumulated with each transmission. The primary advantage of the sequential sampling procedure as compared with other methods is that, on the average, fewer bits per decision are required for an equivalent degree of reliability. Use of the sequential sampling procedure requires the specification of four parameters, determined on the basis of the following considerations. Assume that a message bit (0 or 1) is being transmitted. In the absence of a priori knowledge, we may assume equal probability (p =.0.5) for the two possibilities (0,1). Therefore, from the standpoint of the receiver the probability of correctly identifying the bit being transmitted is p=0.5 due to chance alone. An operative psi (paranormal) factor could then be expected to alter the probability of correct identification to a value p = 0.5 + ~, where the parameter satisfies 0< lw|<0.5. (i) may be positive or negative depending on whether the paranormal channel results ac in so-called psi~hitting or psi-missing.) To indicate the design procedure, let us conservatively assume a base- line psi parameter + = 0.1 and design a communication system on this basis. The four parameters requiring specification in the sequential sampling pro- cedure are: Approved For Release 2000/08/10 : CIA-RDP96-00787R000100130001-8 ; 7
Approved For Release 2000/08/10 : CIA-RDP96-00787R000100130001-8 ~“. 1) q., 1the acceptable level of fraction misses for receipt of a given binary digit, say "1". For oe = 0.1, aq) = 1- p= 0.4; 2) o> the unacceptable level of fraction misses for receipt of a | given binary digit, say "1", indicating receipt of the alternative digit, say "0". For by = 0.1 and the symmetrical binary channel under consideration, we take qo = 1-q, = 0.6; 3) aw, the probability of rejecting a correct identification (Type I error). We shall take o = 0.01. 4) B, the probability of accepting an incorrect identification (Type II error). We shall take 8 = 0.01. With the parameters thus specified, the sequential sampling procedure pro- vides for construction of a decision graph as showm in Figure 4.° A cumulative record of receiver-generated responses to the target bit is compiled until either the upper or lower limit line is: reached, at which point a decision is made to accept "0" or "1" as the bit being transmitted. Channel reliability (probability of correctly determining message being transmitted) as a function of operative psi parameter j; ig plotted in Figure 5. As observed, the sequential sampling procedure can result in 90% or greater reliability with psi parameters on the order of a few percent. Figure 6 in- dicates the average number of trials required to come to a decision on a given message bit, a number which falls off rapidly as a function of increasing psi parameter }. Implementation of the sequential sampling procedure requires the trans- mission of a message coded in binary digits. Therefore, the target space must consist of dichotomous elements, e.g, white and green cards as used in the experiments by Ryzl. 2 In order to eliminate the deleterious aspects of repetition, and in order to take advantage of the observed tendency to recognize basic target elements even in the absence of comprehending the gestalt, the message information Approved For Release 2000/08/10 : CIA-RBP96-00787R000100130001-8
Approved For Release 2000/08/10 : CIA-RDP96-00787R000100130001-8 “, is coded in the form of projected slides viewed by the sender. Each slide represents one or the other group of dichotomized elements shown in Table 8 dependong on whether a "0" or "1" is to be sent. Based on receiver description detail, up to five bits may be transmitted per slide in accordance with the five dichotomies listed in Table 8. In operation, a slide sequence corresponding to the target bit (0 or 1) is sent and the cumulative entries made as shown in Figure 4 (with up to five entries per slide) until a decision is made to accept either a "1" or "O" as the bit being transmitted. At a prearranged time the next slide sequence is begun, etc., until the entire message has been received. From the results obtained in such an experiment, the channel bit rate can be ascertained for the system configuration under consideration. | “Furthermore, bit rates for other degrees of reliability (i.e., for other qy> dos o and 8) can be estimated by construction of other decision curves over the same data base, and thus provide a measure of the bit rate per degree of reliability. The procedures described here thus constitute a basis for specification of the characteristics of a paranormal channel under well-defined conditions, and provide for a determination of the feasibility of such a channel for communication purposes. Approved For Release 2000/08/10 : CIA-RBP96-00787R000100130001-8
A wth ead Sani dm Pa REO apa een Se a a ATPL TAREE DIS BEET EI PE ah Nic OP WME T EK Cab MeN Hee 2 CPR RMY EON : Approved For Release 2000/08/10 : CIA-RDP96-00787R000100130001-8 Table 8 Dichotomized Target Slides "Wo nyt black and white color indoor outdoor objects people stillness motion artificial natural Approved For Release 2000/08/10 : CIA-RAB96-00787R000100130001-8