Approved For Release 2004/08/02 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000600350001-3 CONFIDENTIAL DST-18108-387-75 oO P September 1975 (U) Numerous Soviet experiments in human telepathic communication fol- lowed Kogan's work. Rapid Soviet advances in electronics, cybernetics, bionics, and neurophysiology brought new techniques to the study of telepathic phenomena. By 1970 the prime objective of Soviet telepathic research was reproducibility of results and Soviet scientists now say that in the future they will be able to make ample use of telepathic resources and to develop, direct, and control telepathic processes as well. PART B - Current Soviet/Czech Theories and Research Objectives (U) The most obvious trend of current Soviet and Czech telepathy research is that it is now causally oriented rather than directed toward pragmatic attempts to apply observed but little-understood phenomena, The previous "cart-before-the-horse' approach was not, however, an illogical one, since it led them to theorize that telepathic effects may be based on subtle, unidentified forms of energy or non-energy interactions. (U) In 1973 Peter Rezek of Prague stated that telepathy may be conceived of as transfer realized by means of some known or unknown type of energy, or is made possible by some non-energy factor that accompanies the func- tioning of the brain. Rezek questions G.A. Sergeyev's dedication to the interpretation of electroencephalograms (EEG) and wave measurements to uncover the carrier of transfer and feels that Sergeyev's approach is am, directed primarily toward the application of the investigated phenomena and not towards an understanding of them. He questions attempts to regulate or conffol psychic phenomena before their underlying causes are under- stood. According to Rezek, ESP research and research onj sense per- ception are similar since scientists in both fields are investigating the composition and structure of the apparatus by which transfer takes place. Perception, as such, in the natural science approach, is actually incom- prehensible; nevertheless, the advocates of this approach are unable to accept telepathic phenomena because proof of energy transfer is lacking. Rezek feels that if the natural-science approach, which is unable to explain perception as such, were applied to ESP, this would make ESP doubly incomprehensible. Even if a wave motion is found to be associated with ESP, this phenomenon as such will again be incomprehensible. Rezek concludes that when ordinary sense perception become comprehensible, it may open the way to the understanding of telepathy. On the other hand, ESP could become the basis for an understanding of perception in general. SG1B 20 i, CONFIDENTIAL Approved For Release 2004/08/02 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000600350001-3
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Approved For Release 2004/08/02 : CIA-RDP96- 00792R000600350001 -3 CONFIDENT TAL DST-1810S-387-75 So ra September 1975 SG1B (U) The trend towards the theoretical development of models for cyber- netic systems incorporating psychotronic phenomena has been augmented by a psychotronic model of man proposed by Josef Wolf of Prague. As an integral part of the psychosomatic picture of human existence, a psycho- tronic model of man is an entirely unique contribution to ‘the study of the concept of man. From an anthropological viewpoint as well as from broader aspects that cover the comprehensive investigation of human existence, such a model is needed within the framework of other human sciences, particularly anthropology and psychology. A psychotronic model of man based on present knowledge of psychology, anthropology, and the medical sciences, not only offers an entirely new concept of man as an individual and as a species of living beings, but also permits new approaches to the solution of human psychosomatic disturbances and defects. (U) The experimental psychotronic model of man, which Wolf presents in rather simplified and schematic form (see Figure 2) may serve this purpose, The concept of this model is universal, i.e., it applies not only to man (regardless of sex, age, etc.) but to any living being as. well, whether terrestrial or extraterrestrial. a (U) The model includes the principal spheres of man: (1) the somatic or biological sphere, denoted by a triangle against the base} (2) the psychic or mental sphere, designated by a circle inscribed in the! somatic triangle; and (3) the psychotronic or parapsychic sphere, designated by a circle circumscribing the psychosomatic triangle. Because psychotronic coupling in man usually occurs on the basis of communication between at least two individuals, the principal types of such connections are also presented. (U) Type 1 or the ego, for example, is the psychotronic model of man as an individual, i.e., a sort of psychotronic unit, a basic element or initial point. Type 2, called identical, is the ideal type of psychotronic and psychosomatic identification between two individuals. Type 3, called platonic, is the ideal type of purely psychic and psychotronic connection. Types 4 and 5 can be called telepathic, with minimal to maximal psycho- somatic coupling. Here, a different theoretical interpretation based on the assumption that there exist two different modes of telepathic transfer is also feasible. Types 6, 7, and 8 are characterized by some genetic or psychosomatic coupling among several individuals (relatives, etc.). Types 9 and 10 can be regarded as examples of higher psychotronic coupling involving many individuals; applications of such models will be feasible only with perfect mathematical-physical tools and a corresponding system of psychotronic knowledge. 22 CONFIDENTIAL Approved For Release 2004/08/02 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000600350001-3
UNCLASSIFIED Approved For Release 2004/08/02 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000600386061-38 7-75 September 1975 Fig. 2 Psychotronic Model of Man .(U) ’ somatic , psychic parapsychic 2004/08/0273CIA-RDP96-00792RO00Q a lo. nq ‘1
Approved For Release 2004/98/02.-C1A- RDP96-00792R000600350001-3 DST-18108-387-75 — September 1975 | 7 (U) Recently the most important source of new questions concerning man has arisen from the need to humanize the technical sciences, where man is often subordinated to the operation of machinery and to the techno- cratic apparatus, rather than the other way around. Specifically, where the human factor is completely relegated to the background and where human activity remains only on the fringe of human existence, human shortcomings, defects and failures are the most frequent; technological dehumanization may have affected not only individuals but entire groups, and perhaps even all of society. Wolf thinks that the primitive peoples -- i.e., the ethnic groups of aborigines who still live at the lowest cultural and economic level in the world, and who belong to so-called primitive, pre- literate and preclass societies -- might be one of the most rewarding sources for studying psychic phenomena and for modeling the psychotronic profile gt man, since they have not been culturally dehumanized by tech- nology. (U) Czech investigator M. Cernousek of Prague20 suggests that primitive levels exist in all human minds and that there is a regressive nature to telepathic phenomena. By regression he means some "primitivization" of behavior, a return to older psychic functions on the ontogenetic plane. This behavior change is characterized by an abandonment of and withdrawal from, the rational components of the human psyche - a complete detachment from reality or from the perceived environment. The end effect of this detachment from reality is a spontaneous sinking into a state that can be ma characterized as one of primary, primordial empathy. Although Cernousek ; describes the parameters for obtaining certain levels of regression in modern man, his theory does not encompass any of the concepts of biologi- cal energy transfer. Instead, he appears to accept the theory that the human brain is analogous to a highly sophisticated data bank in which all of life's experiences and impressions, consciously perceived or subliminally registered, are stored. Cernousek's idea of telepathic communication involves a high level of empathy between individuals; when such empathy exists, he feels that information transfer occurs as a result of nearly instantaneous and simultaneous processing of similar stored information bits by both sender and receiver. The net result is a coincidence of opinion concerning the telepathic message's content. (U) Cernousek's theory is based on a great deal of research. The Soviet and Czech literature on psychology, creativity, and the evolution of human existence is extensive. A huge volume of data has been compiled on the brain's memory capacity. The Czechs claim that 1973 experiments employ- ing LSD have lead them to the conclusion that all of man's activities and experiences, whether perceived intensively or less intensively, are stored. They are now investigating the quantity of information the brain can process per unit of time, its bit capacity, and how this becomes manifest at the level of the conscious and the unconscious. The objective of this research is to make the process of cognition more economical. Czech scientists have likened the neuron to an integrated modular element that contains a resistor, a capacitor, and perhaps as many as 1,000 times seven 24 Approved For Release 2094/93/92; +¢}4yRDP96-00792R000600350001-3
Approved For Release 2094/98/02 7 GIA;RDP96-00792R000600350001-3 DST-1810S-387-75 September 1975 billion, or seven trillion semiconductor elements in operation, and another seven trillion in reserve. The brain has about 14 billion nerve cells. If only 10 billion are able to receive information at any one time, and the transmission capacity of a nerve fiber is 14 bits per second, then this means that the brain is able to receive 140 billion bits of information per second. Thus the memory capacity of the brain seems to be a million times greater than that of current computers. For ordinary perception and deliberation, 14 to 16 bits/second are adequate. But for more com- plicated perception and deliberation, such as the solution of a mathemati- cal problem, etc., about 20 bits per second are needed. The brain's great reserve bit capacity may indicate that unconsciously and subliminally, man may be perceiving far more information than what has been assumed previously. Experiments with known telegnostics seem to confirm this, since they appar- ently process and evaluate a huge quantity of information within an un- imaginably short time. (U) Czech theoretical cyberneticians are proposing the construction of computers that will "create" and possess at least a degree of intuition. However, the Czechs admit that this concept is somewhat premature, because they do net yet understand these processes in man and are unable to describe them adequately. Parapsychology may eventually provide much essential knowledge about these processes and thereby help cybernetics in solving the problem of teaching computers to create. The point is not merely to build more-perfect computers, but to design computers with qualitatively new functions. Work is now underway on a fourth generation of computers, and a fifth generation is being planned. The Czechs believe that para- psychology is already capable of offering cybernetics fruitful models. In the opinion of some cyberneticians , 32 the present prostheses that replace missing parts of the body are foreign bodies within the organism, regardless of how perfect they may be. Once the technology of molecular circuits is mastered it will be possible to integrate perfectly a prosthesis and the central nervous system's information system. From there it will be only a short step to direct man-machine communication. Understanding of molecular circuits will also clarify the mechanisms of extrasensory communication between people. (U) The Soviet-Czech team approach to parapsychology research, not widely used as yet in the West, will advance them into direct man~machine com- munication, creative computers, and eventually into cyborgs, i.e., human inductors coupled with physical psychotronic instrumentation. (U) Frantisek Kahuda of Charles University, Prague, has expanded on the original "neutrino" theory proposed in 1966 by Ye. Parnov of the Soviet Union. Kahuda and other Czech researchers have demonstrated that space (mental horizon) and time (mental time) in the world of mental processes have characteristic properties that should be in accord with the properties 25 UNCLASSIFTED Approved For Release 2004/08/02 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000600350001-3
Approved For Release 2004/08/02 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000600350001-3 UNCLASSIFIED DST~18108-387~75 | September 1975 ap of the particles that are the material vehicles of such prdcesses. These are particles that in man's internal relativistic mental process may have a velocity v = c (c equals the velocity of light in vacuum) without vio- lating in the external physical world Einstein's postulate that the maximum feasible velocity is v < c. Such particles, essential to mental processes, have not been discovered to date. Kahuda calls them mental ions or "mentions." (U) For physical microparticles other than luxons, which have a velocity v = c (photons and neutrinos), Olexa-Myron Bilaniuk and F.C. George Sudarshan introduced in 1969 the concept of tardyons for subliminal par- ticles traveling at velocities v < c, and the concept of tachyons for physical superliminal particles traveling at velocities v > c. The actual existence of tachyons with an imaginary rest mass, has not been proven so far. Thus, the predicted tachyons correspond to Kahuda's mentions travel- ing at velocities v > c; the tardyons and luxons correspond to the mentions traveling at velocities v g c. However, the essential difference between tachyons and the Czech mentions is that tachyons are supposed to be par- ticles of the physical microworld and hence also of inanimate nature, whereas mentions are particles formed by living organisms, specifically by their nervous systems, that represent matter on the highest level of organization, with the most complex and finest structure. ‘Moreover, Kahuda's theory does not require the introduction of imaginary rest mass as in the case of tachyons; it predicts the real existence! of mentions, y_ based on fairly accurate laboratory measurements of the physical time and mental time of the investigated mental material motions. (U) In agreement with the laws of the electron's quantum field theory, ‘Kahuda assumes that an entire conglomerate of elementary mention fields, specific to the individual mentions, forms through interaction and trans~ mutation, a single common mention field in which the mental material motions take place - a sort of metaetheric environment that is linked to man's living organism and exists in nature independently of the will of all human beings. During the mental process of thinking one mental par- ticle "changes" into another, however Kahuda does not designate any particle as primary and another particle as secondary. These constant changes and mutual transmutations reflect the psychic world's material homogeneity. The basis of this homogeneity is the motion of mentions as universal material particles of the human psyche. From the theory based -on the principle of quantum mentiodynamics Kahuda has proposed the fol- lowing formula for total mention energy: 1) 2 E (B) mec E = _p . {e) const uv 1- 2 c 26 ‘ a Approved For Release 20040S0> 5 Ela tbp96-00792R000600350001-3
Approved For Release 2004/08/02 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000600350001-3 UNCLASSIFIED DST-18108-387-75 September 1975 where Ep(B) is the potential (psychic) energy of the investigated re- spondent. From this equation it follows that the rest mass of the mention, at the moment when the mental process starts (i.e., when the respondent emits the first mention), and when numerically Ep(B) = E, is expressed by the relationship: 2) const where 2, = 4 is the rest-time factor of man's mental abilities. Thus, the mental structure (nervous system) of each respondent forms and emits its own mentions whose rest mass, according to experimental results to date, is approximately 106 to 19% times smaller than the rest mass of the y-meson, which is mo = 10712, to107""g. The smallest values of total mention energy that were measured indirectly at the moment when the mental process began ranged from 0.384-197 10 to 9.744: 10710 erg, which is approximately the same level as the energy of X-rays; the quotient of this energy range's relative amplitude is roughly 25. Kahuda assumes that after the commencement of the mental process, in the course of its formation, the velocities of the men- tions' material motions may increase severalfold, so that the total mention energy according to equation 1 may be considerable, even though the average respondent's initial energy is equal only to the mean energy necessary for the visual stimulation of the human eye (2.1°107°" erg/sec). For high velocities Kahuda thinks that it will now be possible to actually develop quantum mentiodynamics as the quantum theory of mention fields. (U) Mention energy, which may be the essence of the propagating changes and energetic information in mental processes, is an as-yet unknown form of energy in human beings. It occurs in quanta that cannot be measured directly with the instrumentation presently available. Therefore, Kahuda measured the quantitative values of potential energy (Ep(B)) indirectly. (U) Kahuda's results indicate that electromagnetic processes alone cannot be the vehicles of psychic processes, and that within the framework. of the entire complex mental structure there must also exist another carrier of mental processes, one that permits the propagation of psychic reactions and interactions at velocities greater than the velocity of light in vacuum. In Kahuda's opinion, it is indisputable that mentions do exist, but he points out that the discovery and experimental verification of mentions will require a thorough theoretical knowledge of their possible characteristics and the most sophisticated and most accurate measuring equipment that sci- ence will be able to develop. 27 (Reverse Blank) UNCLASSIFIED Approved For Release 2004/08/02 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000600350001-3
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Approved For Release 2004/08/02 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000600350001-3 UNCLASSIFIED DST-18108-387- September 1975 SECTION IV - TELEPATHIC BEHAVIOR MODIFICATION Part A - Basic Research (U) Behavior modification through telepathic means is in itself applied research. The changes or alterations of human activity desired can be either beneficial or detrimental to the percipient. Soviet research in the field of behavior modification by telepathy dating from the early 1920s through the early 1970s has had one major objective -- application of techniques. In telepathy research, unlike research in most scientific disciplines, the applied phase preceded the basic phase. To put it simply this is why telepathy is still called a phenomenon, both in the USSR and the West. The phenomenon of telepathy has many applications, one of which is behavior modification. Basic research therefore applies to the phen- omenon itself; this is covered in Part I Section II and Part II (Psycho- tronic Generator Research). Part B - Applied Research (U) Between 1920 and 1943, L.L. Vasilev conducted numerous experiments involving telepathic mental suggestion; his first work involved the mental suggestion of motor (muscle) movements. This early work was based in part on the published results of similar experiments conducted by Dr. Joire24 of Lille, France. Vasilev's human test subjects were asked to perform various muscular movements through the medium of telepathy. For comparative purposes some tests were made with hypnotized percipients, while others were placed only in a relaxed state. During the same time frame (1920-1943), Vasilev also conducted experiments involving the mental suggestion of visual images and sensations with and without hypnosis. Vasilev's results indicated that it was altogether possible to telepathically suggest and produce voluntary, controllable motor acts as well as influence involuntary, uncontrollable movement. He noted that some of the best sub- jects for the suggestion of motor acts were unsuitable for mental suggestion of visual images and vice versa. Apparently there was no visible positive correlation between these two variants of telepathic susceptibility. Some of the subjects under hypnosis responded more readily to verbal suggestion of a sensory nature while others were more responsive to verbal suggestion of the motor type. This observed variance applied for both mental and verbal suggestive techniques. After a thorough series of experiments, Vasilev concluded that mental suggestion involving hypnosis would provide the most fruitful results. (U) According to Ostrander and Schroeder,” the ability to telepathically produce sleep-wake states (obliteration of one's consciousness) from a distance of a few meters to over a thousand kilometers became the most 29 Approved For Release 2004/08{Q2\SGIAIRDP96-00792R000600350001-3
Approved For Release 2004/08/02 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000600350001-3 UNCLASSIFIED DST-1810S- 387-75 ay September 1975 thoroughly tested and perfected Soviet contribution to international parapsychology. Parapsychologists in Leningrad and Moscow demonstrated the telepathic manipulation of consciousness and correlated it with systematic EEG recordings. The Naumov-Sergeyev-Pavlova team found that EEG recordings changed dramatically when the telepathic impulse contained a message affecting human emotions. Transmission of several successive emotions of a negative character elicited the appearance of cross-— excitation of the brain. It changed the spontaneous EEG character to the tired state of the brain, dominated by slow, hypersynchronized waves of the delta and theta type. Percipients of unpleasant emotions followed by positive emotions (feelings of calmness or cheerfulness) regained normalized EEG's within one to three minutes. Other Soviet tests included sending to the percipient the anxiety associated with suffocation and the sensation of a dizzying blow to the head. Pavlova, Sergeyev and Naumov uncovered impressive data on the power of thought and concluded that a person doesn't have to conjure up his own "nasty" thoughts; someone else can do it and telepathically transmit them to him. §. Serov and A. Troskin of Sverdlovsk demonstrated that the number of white blood cells rose by fifteen hundred after they suggested positive emotion to patients. More important was the observation that after impressing negative emotion, the white cell count decreased by sixteen hundred. Since leucocytes are one of the body's main defense mechanisms against disease, such a telepathically imposed shift in cell count could be used in altering human health. In similar research the Czechs found that intense mental activity in the a sender caused, at a distance, a slight change in blood volume in a resting percipient. Measurements were made with a plethysmograph. | Experiments in the West have verified this phenomenon. Soviet and Czech research in manipulative telepathic techniques has also included experimental trans— mission of kinetic impulses, sound, and taste. (U) Outside of the Soviet and Czech research on the manipulative possi- bilities of PK and psychotronic generators, the emphasis on manipulation by means of telepathy still involves the use of hypnotism. Many Soviet and Czech scientists are using this technique as a means to try to iden- tify the "carrier" of telepathy but others may be conducting such research for more devious reasons. (U) Dr. Stefan Manczarski of Poland predicted that the field of telepathy will open new avenues for spreading propaganda. He feels that the electro- magnetic theory is valid and believes, therefore, that telepathy can be amplified like radio waves. Telepathy would then become ai subtle new modus for the "influencers" of the world. Some Western followers of psychic phenomena research are concerned, for example, with the detri- mental effects of subliminal perception techniques being targeted against US or allied personnel in nuclear missile silos. The subliminal message could be "carried" by television signals or by telepathic means. 30 UNCLASSIFIED | Approved For Release 2004/08/02 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000600350001-3
Approved For Release 2004/08/02 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000600350001-3 UNCLASSIFIED DST-18108-387-75 ‘September 1975 ions of focusing mental influences on an enemy urely occurred to the Soviets. The bulk he USSR has been concerned with the transmission of emotional or behavioral impulses and the study of physio- logical responses to PK exercises, etc. In their exploration of telepathy, they are seeking the evenual capability to. reproduce and to amplify the phenomena so that control is feasible. Control and manipulation of the human consciousness must be considered a primary goal. (U) The potential applicat through hypnotic telepathy have s of recent telepathy research in t 31 (Reverse Blank) Approved For Release 2004/08): LEIA IRDAS6-00792R000600350001-3
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Approved For Release 2004/08/02 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000600350001-3 UNCLASSIFTED DST-18108-387-75 September 1975 PART II PSYCHOTRONIC GENERATOR RESEARCH (U) Psychotronic generators (also called Pavlita generators after the inventor) are small devices said to be capable of drawing biological energy from humans; the energy is accumulated and stored for future use. Once charged with human energy, the generators can do some of the things a psychic subject can do, but, according to the inventor, Robert Pavlita, can be charged by individuals possessing no psychic ability. (U) The concept of man as a source of unusual energy dates back at least as far as ancient Chinese and Hindu teachings, in which it was called “vital energy" or "prana." Between the 18th and 20th centuries it was called various things (animal magnetism, odic force, motor force, n-rays, etheric force, etc.) by rediscoverers of its existence. In contemporary Soviet and Czechoslovakian parapsychology this energy is called bio-~- plasmic or psychotronic energy. The Czechoslovakian rediscovery of biological energy is credited to Robert Pavlita, an inventor and business- man from Prague who began work on his devices over thirty years ago. (U) Some representative examples of Pavlita generators are shown in Figures 3 through 7. No details of their construction have ever been made available to Western observers, possibly because Pavlita eventually plans to seek foreign patents. It has been reported, however, that the devices are fabricated from various metals (steel, bronze, copper, iron, gold) and that their effects are a result of their form. (U) Pavlita's generators can be charged by direct contact (e.g., rubbing or touching to the temporal region of the head) or by visually directing mental concentration upon them from a distance. The nature of the energy stored is still not understood, but over the years a number of observa- tions about its effects have been reported. It can be reflected, re- fracted, polarized, and combined with other forms of energy. It creates effects similar to magnetism, heat, electricity, and luminous radiation, but is itself none of these. The energy apparently can be conducted by paper, wood, wool, silk, and other substances normally considered to be good insulators. The devices have been tested by commissions of experts from the Czechoslovakian Academy of Sciences and the University of Hradec Kralove in Prague. Static electricity, air currents, temperature changes, and magnetism, were eliminated as possible explanations for the observed effects. In addition, the energy exerted its effect through glass, water, wood, cardboard, or any type of metal and was not diminished. 33 UNCLASSIFTED Approved For Release 2004/08/02 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000600350001-3
Approved For Release 2004/08/02 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000600350001-3 UNCLASSIFTED | - DST-1810S-387-75 September 1975 (U) According to both Soviet and Czech researchers, one major advantage of studying psychotronic generators is the reproducibility of their ef- fects; in addition, they can be activated by nearly anyone, with or with- out any special psychic abilities. The devices may have other practical applications not related to parapsychology. The Czechs claim that irra- diation of seeds with the energy enhances plant growth, and that industrial pollutants have been precipitated out of water by its actign (Figure 7). These claims may be open to question, since in 1972, Zdenek Rejdak, head of the Psychotronic Research Section of the Czechoslovakian Society for Seience and Technology, termed the experiments with plants and water "ineffective." (U) A recent newspaper article, %6 quoting Pavlita, reported that his generators could serve as weapons; no further details were given. No information is available on Czech efforts to develop psychotronic weapons, but Pavlita has stated that some forms of his devices can exert both favorable and unfavorable effects on living organisms, including man. In experiments with snails exposed to the energy from a generator, a state similar to hibernation resulted. When flies were placed in the gap of a circular generator (Figure 6) they died instantly. In another test, Pavlita aimed a generator at his daughter's head from a distance of several yards. Her electroencephalogram (EEG) changed, she became dizzy, and her equilibrium was disrupted. (U) In their present form and size, Pavlita's devices could probably exert an effect on humans at only relatively short range. It is possible that their size could be enlarged or their energy amplified, thereby ex- tending their range. If the Czech claims for these devices are valid, biological energy might be an effective antipersonnel weapon. It would be difficult to defend against, since it apparently penetrates most common forms of insulation and its reported effects (changes in brain wave char- acteristics, disturbance of equilibrium, dizziness) could result in personality changes or physical discomfort which might alter combat effectiveness. (U) Soviet or Czech perfection of psychotronic weapons would pose a severe threat to enemy military, embassy, or security functions. The emitted energy would be silent and difficult to detect electronically (although the Soviets claim to have developed effective biological energy sensors) and the only power source required would be the human operator. 34 Approved For Release 20040e}d° HAR DP96-00792R000600350001-3
Approved For Release 2004/08/02 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000600350001-3 UNCLASSIFIED DST-18108S-387-75 September 1975 PART III PSYCHOKINESIS RESEARCH (U) Psychokinesis (PK), or as it is sometimes called, telekinesis, is the ability to influence animate or inanimate objects at a distance, without physical contact, by means of uncontrolled or controlled biological energy fields. Some, but not all, of the effects of PK include: initiation or cessation of motion in inanimate objects; apparent neutralization of the effect of gravity on inanimate objects (levitation); induction of changes in physiological processes of animate matter; the creation of measurable electric, electromagnetic, electrostatic, magnetic, or gravitational fields around target objects; and the imposition of images on shielded photographic emulsions. (U) Current Soviet and Czechoslovakian parapsychological research emphasis is on identification and quantification of the generated bioenergetic force fields, identification of the physiological processes underlying their origin, and development of practical applications of -PK energy. (U) There are fundamental differences between the Soviet and Czech approaches to PK research, Since paranormal research was granted political respectability in the Soviet Union in the 1950's, Soviet scientists have concentrated their investigations on a relatively few, highly "gifted", psychic individuals, and have attempted to determine what (if any) physiological attributes underlie their capabilities and differ from those of non-psychic subjects. Parallel with these efforts to determine cause(s), the Soviets have concentrated considerable effort on determination of the nature of the energy fields formed and to attempts to determine whether all psychokinetically gifted subjects create the same, or different, energy fields. (U) Czechoslovakian research is also cause-and-effect oriented, but appears to be governed far more by the belief that PK effects can be produced by a majority of people and that no inherent or highly developed psychic capability is prerequisite to the investigation and demonstration of PK effects. 41 Approved For Release 2004/08/02 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000600350001-3 UNCLASSIFIED
Approved For Release 2004/08/02 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000600350001-3 UNCLASSIFTED DST-1810S~387-75 September 1975 (U) Soviet research has taken several different directions in efforts to develop materialistic explanations for observed PK effects. This research has involved in-depth studies of the characteristics of the electrical field between subject and object, characterization of elec- trical fields immediately around the subject, study of bioelectrical fields by detection devices, study of subjects' brain wave patterns, and photography of the subjects' bioenergy fields. To date, Soviet scientists are by no means in accord concerning the nature of the forces ipyolved, but all are in agreement that a physical energy is at work. (U) Dr. Viktor G. Adamenko of the Moscow Institute of Radiophysics, Dr. Viktor Inyushin, of the Kazakh University, Alma-ata, and Dr. Genady Sergeyev of the A.A. Uktomskii Physiological Institute, Leningrad are the leading Soviet theoreticians studying PK. Both Inyushin and Sergeyev have developed theories based on the existence of a new form of energy-a form of biological energy referred to as “bioplasma". | They consider PK effects as analogous to lightning accidentally charging a surface and feel that movement in PK occurs as a result of the interaction of the object's electrostatic charge and electromagnetic field with the human operator's field. The biological energy involved is under conscious direction by the subject, who can make a target object start or stop motion, change direction, or rotate. Sergeyev has developed instrumentation which measures changes in the bioplasmic field at distances up to 3 meters (9.9 feet); he has recorded fields of 10,000 volts/centimeter in the vicinity of a target object with no indication of an electrical field in the space between the subject and the object. According to Sergeyev, bioplasmic energy is maximally concentrated in the head region. He attributes PK to a polarization of the bioplasma in a laser-like fashion and refers to this as a_"biolaser effect" which acts as a material force upon the object. (U) Dr. Sergeyev has developed detectors that monitor the energy field during PK demonstrations. Although Western observers have been denied information on the construction of the detectors, (information reported to have been classified by the Soviet military), details may have been published by the Soviet Academy of Sciences. It is possible that the Sergeyev detectors are similar to those developed by an American, David Thomson. Thomson's devices, which have been used in human force field research at the University of Saskatchewan, Canada, consist of two capacitor plates, a preamplifier, and a line recorder like that of an encephalograph. Other Soviet force field detector research has been done at the Laboratory for Biological Cybernetics in the University of Leningrad Physiology Department. There, according to Soviet reports, Dr. Pavel Gulyaiev developed extremely sensitive electrodes capable of detecting the electrical force fields of nerves at distances up to 24 42 Approved For Release 2004108/02SSTIAHRDP96-00792R000600350001-3
Approved For Release 2004/08/02 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000600350001-3 UNCLASSTFTED DST-1810S~387-75 September 1975 centimeters (9.46 inches). For more detailed information on Soviet biological energy detectors, the reader is referred to reference (5), pages 393-396. (U) Dr. Adamenko has conducted experiments to ascertain the role of electrostatic charges on the surface of target objects as the cause of their movement. Adamenko has advanced the theory that man may be anisotropic - i.e., man may be able to alter his external energy state in accordance with his internal energy state, and this ability in turn, may depend on his physiological processes. According to Adamenko, humans, animals, and plants probably possess electric fields as a result of spontaneous tissue polarization, and such fields may interact with externally imposed or induced charges. He proposes that the observed properties of living tissue come closest to the properties of electrets. 8 Electrets are defined as "forcibly" polarized bodies having comparatively high conductivity and the ability to maintain an external electrical field after exposure to adverse factors of either the external or internal environment. Adamenko has shown that the material basis of contactless interaction between.man and objects results from an electrostatic field whose magnitude depends on man's physiological state. Other Soviet researchers have observed that when subjects are exposed to various ¢x- ternal stimuli, their physiological state varies in both the character and magnitude of the bioelectret effect. They have formed the hypothesis that the polarization of living tissues is the explanation for contactless in- teractions between humans and between humans and objects. (U) Adamenko has also advanced the concept that, in the thermodynamic sense, living tissue may not be subject to the same physical laws that are valid for inorganic matter. He argues that living tissue may possess "new" properties (in terms of thermodynamics) when compared with inorganic matter. He believes that if living molecules differ qualitatively from inorganic molecules, then a distinction may exist between "living" and "technical" force fields. To demonstrate his point, Adamenko makes reference to healing by "the laying on of hands" (in Western terms "faith healing"). The Soviets have measured electrical fields between "healers"' and patients, yet knowing these field potentials they have not been able to duplicate the beneficial effects obtained from humans by means of mechanically generated fields. (U) Aleksandr Dubrov, a biophysicist with the Institute of Earth Physics, USSR. Academy of Sciences, has advanced the concept of "biogravitation" to explain PK. Biogravitation, as a term, was introduced by Soviet physicist V.A. Bunin in 1960, and was used to refer to the ability of living organisms to form and detect gravitational waves. Dubrov bases his theory on currently accepted concepts of molecular biology and high-energy physics. 43 Approved For Release 2004/08 (04 7» CLATRPR 96-00792R000600350001-3
Approved For Release 2004/08/02 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000600350001-3 UNCLASSIFTED DST-18108-387-75 ain September 1975 (U) In molecular biology, the capacity of intracellular molecules to alter their spatial structure is recognized. Biomolecules are capable of making the transition from a "liquid" to an orderly crystalline state. Dubrov defines this change as "molecular conformational change"; like present day high energy physicists, he believes that as a result of this change, the molecules are brought so close to each other that tremendous forces of attraction or gravitation emerge; when this occurs, a constant conformational field having a "quasigravitational" nature is formed. In Dubrov's opinion, this means that a vector, or force field, is formed at the subcellular level which is capable of attracting or repelling naturally occurring gravitational forces, or of itself emitting minute gravitational waves. (U) Dubrov feels that psychic subjects may, in some manner, have the ability to synchronize their subcellular molecular conformational changes and thus generate attractive or gravitational fields of sufficient strength to alter electromagnetic or natural gravitational forces acting on a target object. Dubrov, like some other Soviet and Western parapsychologists, thinks that changes in the space-time continuum may be the basis for observed PK phenomena - i.e., time may be accelerated or decelerated by the psychic subject. (U) In 1973 and 1974, a Soviet psychic named Boris Ermolayev parti- - cipated in a series of experiments at Moscow University. Ermolayev is ~ reported to have the ability to levitate (suspend) objects in midair by concentrating psychic energy at a focal point in space. In some of the tests, Ermolayev pressed an object between his hands, then slowly moved his hands apart until they were approximately eight inches from the object, which remained suspended in the air. Soviet scientists claim that all tests were conducted under the strictest controls and that no strings or other devices of any kind were used. Dubrov feels that Ermolayev's levitation powers can be used to prove that space-time and gravitational changes occur in the area between the psychic's hands and the object. He suggests that the transmission of electromagnetic energy of known velocity should be delayed when beamed through the levitation field. (U) Two female psychic subjects, Nina Kulagina and Alla Vinogradova, have been studied extensively by Drs. Sergeyev and Adamenko. According to Sergeyev, Mrs. Kulagina can control the beat of frog heart preparations, imprint images on shielded photographic emulsions, and move objects weighing one pound or more. In 1970, Dr. Sergeyev conducted experiments in which Mrs. Kulagina was asked to influence, if possible, a living frog heart preparation; such preparations normally continue to beat for several hours after removal from the animal's body. In one experiment, the heart was placed in a glass jar 2% feet from Mrs. Kulagina. As she 4d Approved For Release 2004/9 RO2isG tA RAP 96-00792R000600350001-3
Approved For Release 2004/08/02 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000600350001-3 UNCLASSIFIED DST-1810S+387~-75 September 1975 concentrated on controlling its beat, electrocardiograms showed that the rate of contraction increased or decreased at her command. Five minutes after the experiment began, she stoped its beat entirely. When a second preparation was placed in the jar its beat was stopped in 23 minutes. (U) In other experiments, Mrs. Kulagina imprinted images on unexposed Film sealed in black envelopes. During these experiments Sergeyev measured the energy around the psychic's body and found it to be half that of a non-psychic individual. This led Sergeyev to believe that she absorbs, or draws, energy from around her and then discharges it on the target object. (U) Mrs. Kulagina experiences considerable stress while she is being tested. Her pulse increases, as does her rate of breathing; she develops pain in her upper spine and the back of her neck. At the onset of her Vactivated" state she feels thirsty and has a taste of iron or copper in her mouth. During the activated state, she experiences occasional periods of dizziness and nausea. Her blood sugar level rises and within one hour following cessation of tests, a loss of weight (1.5 - 2.0 lbs) occurs. She experiences less stress when alone, and claims to respond best in an atmosphere of friendly mutual trust and belief. Her PK ability is mood dependent (her mood and the mood of the observers) and she expends more energy in a hostile or skeptical atmosphere. The mechanical aspects of Mrs. Kulagina's PK effects are as follows: a. Size and shape are more important than the physical structure of the substance she is trying to influence. b. Weight and dimensions of objects she is trying to move are important; the weights vary from a few ounces to nearly one pound. c. She finds moving a vertical cylinder easier than moving a horizontal one. d. She causes no changes in the shape of soft objects during movement. e. The direction an object moves depends on her will, and may be either toward or away from her. She can also cause rotational or vertical movements to occur. £. Kulagina's optimum field effect occurs at approximately 1’ feet; her distance limit is approximately 3 feet and 4 inches, when the object to be influenced is 3 feet form the edge of the working surface. At these distances she is said to be able to move one object out of many, 45 Approved For Release 2004/08/02SaLRBPo6-00792R000600350001-3
Approved For Release 2004/08/02 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000600350001-3 UNCLASSTFTED DST-1810S-387-75. | , ~ September 1975 depending upon where she centers her concentration. The electrical aspects of Kulagina's effects are as follows: a. An electrical field is generated in the vicinity of the object she is attempting to influence; however, there is no measurable field between Kulagina and that object and no sparks are observed, b. She can exert no effect on an object situated in a vacuun. c. Electrostatic screening has no effect on her powers, which seem to be better with the object under a dielectric cover, but she is unsuccessful during storms or other atmospheric conditions when there is a greater than normal amount of electricity in the air. She cannot, at any time, exert an influence on an electroscope. d. She can cause luminescence of crystal lumiphors and produce changes in the spectrum of visible light absorbed by liquid crystals. (U) Dr. Adamenko has found that Alla Vinogradova produces effects similar to those of Nina Kulagina, but undergoes far less physiological stress. In some of his experiments with her in Moscow, during which y she moved a variety of objects about on a dielectric surface, a great deal of electrostatic (ES) energy was measured around the objects (supposedly enough to light a small neon glow. tube). The measurements detected field pulsations which were synchronous with Vinogradova's. respiration rate, heartbeat, and brain alpha rhythm pattern; however, the region between Vinogradova and the object contained no energy fields nor frequencies, and the ES energy increased in intensity as the objects were approached, The results with Alla Vinogradova have led Adamenko to believe that there may be individuals who have the ability to build uw an ES field on the body surface at will and project it as required, (U) The Czechs, like the Soviets, are attempting to identify the source, or sources, of biological energy, but their research is not centered on psychically gifted individuals, Instead, some leading Czech parapsychol- ogists have developed the theory that most people possess psychic capa- bilities and that such capabilities may best be demonstrated as observable PK effects. Czech parapsychology research is currently heavily PK oriented, probably as a result of Robert Pavlita's development of psychotronic generators (described in Part II of this study). The Czechs believe that the use of these devices for blological energy: collection and concentration may make it possible for nearly anyone to cause PK effects. 46 Approved For Release 2004/08/02 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000600350001-3 UNCLASSIFIED
Approved For Release 2004/08/02 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000600350001-3 UNCLASSIFIED DST-1810S-387-75 September 1975 and also the presence and changing positions of objects and persons, perhaps even in the next room or next apartment. Rotational systems enclosed in cylindrical containers are the most suitable for experi- ments. Angular enclosures are unsuitable for this purpose, since the © motions observed in them are too slow and unconvincing. The best devices consist of rods or tubes suspended horizontally by a monofilament thread, foils in the shape of narrow rectangles rotating about their minor axis, or circular planes rotating about their diameter. The angular velocities of the rotational systems are sometimes very noticeable, but more often they are comparable to the velocity of a watch's minute hand. However, such systems are able to exclude other physical causes that could influence rotational motion. Placement in a steel container can form a magnetic shield. A glass jar or cylinder can be packed in a grounded Faraday cage of woven wire, or the space between the walls of two containers, one placed in the other, can be filled with water to shield against electrostatic energy. Despite such measures, the indicators react to changes in radiation from heat and light sources. They react especially sharply to direct sunlight, but they also detect changes in diffused daylight or the narrow beam of a flashlight, even from a considerable distance. Under stable conditions of heat and light, the indicators remain steady in some equilibrium position. A convincing example of this is the fact that when an indicator is permanently located, it settles in the same equilibrium position every night and remains in it until morning. After sunrise, even on a cloudy day, it occupies a new position and maintains it until it is subjected to a further impluse, for example, to a sudden clearing of the sky, to the presence of a person, to a change in the positions of nearby objects, etc. From such observations, Krmessky assumes that successful telekinetic experiments are very demanding in terms of their physical conditions. Such experiments cannot be performed at just any time or place. There are cases when the indicator's plane occasionally rotates without any intervention by the experimenter and without any perceptible cause. If such a case occurs under constant conditions of light and heat, and if its cause cannot be determined in the immediate environment, then Krmessky feels that the effect of distant sources of radiation, perhaps even of cosmic origin, may be the energetic force. The opposite of this seeningly spontaneous motion has also been observed; the rotational system will remain practically immobile, the indicator will not be affect2d much by either a gaze or the proximity of the hand, and a very slow displace- ment of only a few degrees is all that can be induced, Thus, a suitable time and place must be chosen for the experiments so that the conditions may be as favorable as possible. 49 UNCLASSIFIED Approved For Release 2004/08/02 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000600350001-3