Approved For Release 20 : , pyro 00/08/08 : CIA-RDP96-00789R003000490001-5 tovoy and Parkhomov (1992), there was no response I! = e calorimeter ‘to an electrostatic field with an intensity of up to 104 v/m, nor to a magnetic field of 1072 tesla. The operators (i.e., individuals who attempt to influence the target system) were located at from 0.5 to 20 km from the device; some long-distance tests (Moscow to Novosibirsk and Moscow to Sofia) were also conducted. . The task of the operator was to change the temperature relative to the control periods. Changes in temperature observed in these tests were of the order of 2 x 1072°c--a change of over 10 mV on the output of the recording device was considered a "hit" (Fig. 2.2). In one of the series, in the experiment between Moscow and Novosibirsk (at a4 distance of about 4,000 km), out of eight trials, six "hits" were recorded, p < 2-8 & 1074 (Poisson's dis- tribution). In nine control trials during this experiment, there was one "hit," p = 0.111. In another long-distance experiment, between Moscow and Sofia, there were 13 trials with 8 "hits." We compute a p-value of 1.1 1074 assuming the previously stated background rate. In yet another series (within Moscow, i.e., distances of up to 20 km), out of 18 trials, 12 "hits" were recorded (p < 5-5 ¥ 107°). The tests seem to be carefully designed, and there seem to be no apparent artifacts that might provide an alternative (non-psi) explanation to these results. Using the method of adding p-values (Rosenthal, 1984), we compute a combined p-value of 1.5 & 10711 for the three studies. We emphasize that our calculations may be based on an incorrect background assumption. Nonetheless, their results appear quite robust. 2.2. "Distant Influence" on Electric Noise Generators Another series of experiments conducted by Gurtovoy and Parkhomov (1191, 1992) involved infra-low frequency electric, noise generators, such as bipolar and enhancement~mode MoS-transistors, micro-circuits, and polycrystal semiconductors.? A noise signal was amplified and filtered with a bandwidth of less than 0.1 Hz. The generator, amplifier, and power source were located inside a shielded enclosure. During test periods, they observed an "order- ing effect" (Fig. 2.3), i.e., the appearance in the background of an unordered noise signal of periodic pulsations, with a period of several seconds to hundreds of seconds, and the subsequent "dis- solving" of them within the noise signal. Other effects observed included the occurrence of gradually diminishing pulsations of tens of seconds to a few seconds; the reduction of the amplitude of the noise (Fig. 2.4); or a strong growth of the amplitude of the noise during the time of the effect (Fig. 2-5)- Usually, during the test, two or three generators were working at the same time. It is claimed, although there was the lack of a correlation of the signals in the usual sense, that it was possible _ 1 these are similar to the random number generator experiments in the West. 3 Approved For Release 2000/08/08 : ClA-RDP96-00780R003000490001-5
to observe in different channels the simultaneous (or with a small shift in time) appearance of pockets of periodic pulsations with a different period; sometimes there was also a simultaneous reduction of the noise level. At least one example is mentioned when an operator simultaneously affected both the microcalorimeter and electric noise generator (Fig. 2.4)- ROI Fig. 2.1. Design of the screened microcalorimeter. 1--Dewar Flask, 2--glass, 3 and 5--shells, 4--thermistor, 6--temperature stable resistor, 7-~melting ice. 26.03 86 , fam. pases crag. pesucrop Fig. 2.2. Fragment of a record of signals obtained during tests with the operator Alan V. Chumak. 1--establishing "contact" with wethe detector, 2-~-first distant mental "effect," aimed at raising the temperature. The distance between the operator and the detec~- tor is 0.5 m, 3--second "effect," aimed at cooling. The operator is in an adjacent room at a distance of about 3 m from the detec- tor. At upper left is the result of turning on the electric heater. 4 Approved For Release 2000/08/08 + CIA-RDP96-00789R003000490001-5
Fig. 2.3. Example of a record of the signal which contains a long pocket of oscillations within a period of 20 sec. The noise generator is the 1LB201 microcircuit. , genni fehl 5nd AO ‘ ! 2 —_—_ i "ae TepreepesucTop . 14.05.86 ere penny Fig. 2.4. Suppression of the noise of a microcircuit 1LB201 and fluctuations of the microcalorimeter signal during a test with the operator Valery V. Avdeyev. 1--establishing of "contact" with the detector; 2--first "effect" (the operator enters into the state of "complete calm"), 3--second "effect" (strong excitement), 4-—an attempt of the operator M. Nikolayev from an adjacent foom to mentally stimulate V.V. Avdeyev. Fig. 2.5. Amplitude growth of the noise signal at the time of the The noise source is a 1LB201 micro- "effect" of the operator P. The time of the "effect" is noted by circuit (MOS transistors). the horizontal line. Approved For Release 2000/08/08 : CIA-RDP96-00789R003000490001-5
CPYRGAproved For Release 2000/08/08 : CIA-RDP96-00789R003000490001-5 The most important question is: what is the probability of these "ordered" segments appearing by chance? Gurtovoy and Parkho- mov do not give a definite answer to this question, thus making evaluation of this study more difficult. On the other hand, the "ordering" influence of the mind was hypothesized in other experi- ments, such ‘as the attempted influence on background radioactivity conducted by Dean Radin (1992), who concluded that consciousness essentially “injects order" into random systems (p. 148). 2.3. An Independent Replication of the Tests of "Mental Influence" on Electric Noise Generators Two other researchers in Moscow, Kornilov and Rayevsky (1991), undertook an independent replication of the study of an operator's influence on infra-low frequency electric noise generators. In the pilot test series, semiconductor generators of flicker noise (bipolar transistors, insulated-gate field-effect transistors-~— IGFETs, photoresistors) were placed in a brass beaker which, in turn, was placed in a Dewar flask. Amplifiers of the channels had independent power sources with precision micropower voltage regulators. Reliable screening and thermostabilization of both the sensors and the amplifiers was provided. During experiments, an operator was located at a distance of 0.5 to 3 meters from the Dewar flask. In some trials, the operator was in a separate room from the apparatus. In more than 50 pilot tests with different operators, only in two tests were anomalous changes of flicker-noise amplitude observed. According to Kornilov and Rayevsky, the probability that these fluctuations of noise amplitude occurred by chance is close to 1076. The researchers noted that in the process of operators’ influence, instances. of "torderliness" of noise fluctuations described in the study by Gurtovoy and Parkhomov (1991, 1992) were repeatedly observed. However, they do not consider these peculiarities of the transistors! behavior during the operators' influence to be positive effects, because the mechanism of calculating the probability of obtaining such events by chance is fairly subjective. According to Gurtovoy, however, an almost "flat" line shown in Fig. 2.4 was never observed during the background periods. In the spring of 1993, Kornilov and Rayevsky conducted a successful replication of their pilot study. It should be noted that in these tests the researchers observed not just small statis- tical changes, but rather clear macro-effects in apparently well- controlled conditions. Since such effects do not occur in control conditions, in such cases it is very important to re-examine possible sources of subtle artifacts, because the statistics of "rare" events are not well understood. Approved For Release 2000/08/08 : CIA-RDP96-00789R003000490001-5
CPYRGAipproved For Release 2000/08/08 : CIA-RDP96-00789R003000490001-5 3. "Distant Influence" on Biological Systems 3.1. Introduction In this section, we discuss studies conducted by several individuals we met while in Russia: the above-mentioned Dr. Georgy K. Gurtovoy and Alexander G. Parkhomov, Dr. Sergei V. Speransky of the Institute of Hygiene in Novosibirsk and Leonid M. Porvin of the Center for Research of Bioinformational Unity of Systems in zZelenograd (near Moscow), Dr. Tatyana Krendeleva and her associates of Moscow State University, Dr. Elvira V. Morozova of the Russian Agricultural Academy in Moscow, as well as experiments of psychiatrist Dr. Dmitri G. Mirza and biophysicist Dr. Yuri S. Dolin in Moscow. A broad range of biological target systems, from tissue cultures to plants, animals, and humans, were used in these experiments. For some studies, we provide more detailed discrip- tions than for others, depending on the amount of information at our disposal and the availability of the original sources to other researchers. If the original is a hard-to-find publication in the Russian language, or we describe the studies from pre-publication copies of manuscripts, or we base our discussion on personal interaction with the researchers, we attempt to address the methodologies and obtained results in a greater length. 3.2. Bio-PK Experiments with Cellular Cultures Biologists Dr. Tatyana Krendeleva and Sergei I. Pogosyan and their associates at the Division of Biophysics, Department of Biology, Moscow State University, conducted several studies on the effects of operators on animate and inanimate systems (Nikolayev, et al., 1993; Pogosyan, et al., 1993). In one study, the operator (Igor B. Verbitsky) attempted to increase the chemiluminescence response of peritoneal neutrophils of mice after the introduction of latex, a standard cell activity promoter. Neutrophils are cells which take part in providing immune homeostasis of the body. The activity of cells was estimated from the magnitude of parameter K = (A-F)/F, were F = the cells' chemiluminescence level in the absence of latex, and A = the cells' maximum chemiluminescence level after the introduction of latex. For 18 tests, Frest/Foontrol = 61.5% + 11.8% and Kyogt/Keontroi = 186-1% + 23.9%. In other words, in test trials, the base level of chemiluminescence decreased approximately by 40%, as compared to the control; while the effec- tiveness of the celis' chemiluminescence stimulation by latex increased by about 80%. Thus, according to Krendeleva and her associates, the operator's effect apparently increases capability of the cells to respond to a standard stimulator, latex, by an increase in their production of active forms of oxygen. The results look suggestive of bio-PK effects, but our lack of knowledge of details of the experiment and possible sources of artifacts pre- cludes definite conclusions. Additional studies conducted by Dr. Krendeleva and her associates will be summarized in section 3.11. Approved For Release 2000/08/08 : CIA-RDP96-00789R003000490001-5