1090
M. B. Golant
low amplitude considered here the membrane represents a linear system and hence for a
certain size of the constant electric field in the membrane the ratio of the amplitudes
of the acoustic and electric vibrations remains constant regardless of the amplitude of
the spreading wave,
i.e. an acoustic-electric wave
is considered
iD which the variable
electrical and acoustic parameters cannot be regulated independently.
It should be noted that unlike electromagnetic waves (the slowing of which in the
membrane would be insignificant) the length of the acoustic-electric wave in the mem-
brane is ~ 10
times less than the wavelength in free space and, therefore, the energy of the
electric e h f. field m the course of the vibrations in the main is transformed not to the
energy of the magnetic field but to the energy of the acoustic e.h.f. vibrations and back.
Tlus is similar to the transformation of energy in some low frequency parametric systems
in which the vibrations are maintained through transformation of the mechanical energy
expended on increasing the distance between the charges on the condenser plates to the
energy of the electric field.
To the different resonance frequencies /corresponds a different number of standing
Tr
! ?! L
erimeter °f thC membrane ‘ Therefore, the character of the distribution
of the e.h.f. field also changes with/both at the surface of the membrane and in the intra-
and extra-cellular spaces
lying next
to
it and, consequently, so does the character of
the controlling action of the e.h.f.
field. But for a large total number of wavelengths
accomodated at the perimeter of the membrane, change in this number per unit cor-
responding to the neighbouring resonarces introduces a slight change in the character
of the field distributions. As a result the character of the controlling action connected
with the spatial structure of the field gradually changes from one resonance to another.
At the same time the controlling action of the external radiations may be connected not
only with the spatial field distribution but with the resonance frequencies of particular
protein molecules or intracellular elements. These last changes are more weakly connected
with the structure of the field of the acoustic-electric waves. In reference [5]
it
is
also
noted that since different membrane systems literally pierce the whole cell the acoustic-
electric waves branching off from the resonating membrane may penetrate to any region
of the cell, the direction of propagation and action depending on the type of vibrations
in the resonating membrane and the character of the membrane network changing
configuration in different conditions [7].
The theoretical evaluations and ideas presented above applying both to acoustic-
electric waves and their controlling action in the ceils did not touch upon the problems
of excitation of such waves. The question of excitation is trivial neither for the case when
it operates under the influence of external radiation nor the autonomous generation of
vibrations by the cell itself. Discussion of the problems connected with the excitation of
vibrations in the membrane directly leads to analysis of the mechanism of generation
by the cells of coherent vibrations. Therefore, it appears desirable before starting such a
discussion
to go
briefly
into some
hypotheses on
the character and nature of
the
mechanism of action of coherent
vibrations on living cells put forward even before
clarification of their functional role in living organisms and the careful experimental
treatment of the problems associated with these mechanisms
Approved For Release 2000/08/08
: CIA-RDP96-00789R0031 00280
oved For Release 2000/08/08
: CIA-RDP96-00789R0031 00280001 -7
Resonance effect of coherent electromagnetic radiations
1091
n and he
i
of the
the anxplii^i
hich the yaeja’
vave in the
, the energy^
ormed
rations
arametricsyp
mechanical ’’em
user plates to;
V\
mber of
f the dis
s and in the
the charactep
x of wavelen
‘
ber per uniti
in the charactep
action connee**^
.MS
tance to anof
be conn
...
cies of parUL
weakly consul
:nce [5] it IrSE
cell the acoustic-
ate to any rej^ion
ype of vibratioiiiv..,
etwork changing
•||§S-
ioth to acot
dob the prows
for the caseM
ius generation^,,
the exdtatioh^M?'
•,m of generatea^|.
e starting sucSplr
d
nature of
‘
j$jj|||
vard even before??
ful experiment
First theoretical models of the mechanisms of excitation of coherent vibrations in cells.
ynong the theoretical studies aimed at validating the possibility of generation by living
^lls of coherent vibrations a special place is taken by the numerous investigations by
ffohlich already begun in 1968 and summarized by him in 1980 [13]. Frohlich was one
jf the first to express the conviction that in living organisms thanks to the presence of
jetabolic energy coherent vibrations may be generated with the energy of random ther-
mal vibrations possibly being transformed to the energy of coherent vibrations. Corn-
ering the thickness of the membrane with the length of the acoustic waves he postu-
red that the action of radiation may be the cause of excitation in the membranes of
jcoustic vibrations with which following polarization of the membranes the appearance
/electric vibrations is connected.
Frohlich came to the conclusion that the resonance frequencies may lie in the e.h.f.
•mge. AJ1 these and a number of other ideas, in somewhat modified and refined form,
jill retain their value today. Frohlich theoretically also worked out one of the possible
jechanisms of generation of vibrations by the cells on exposure to external electromag-
jctic radiations. He postulated that the mechanism of generation of vibrations by the
xlls
is similar to the work of a regenerative amplifier brought to the face of the regime
jf excitation. Therefore, a very low external signal (he did not discuss other cases)
is
inough to initiate generation of coherent vibrations the power of which approaches sa-
mration.
The vibrations according to Frohlich [34] are connected with the strong interaction
if polarization waves in a certain band lying in the frequency region ~ 1011 Hz, with a
seat reservoir and are ensured by the inflow of energy from metabolic sources. In bio-
cgical systems with low frequency collective vibrations favourable conditions are cre-
iied for phenomena of the Bose-Einstein condensation type in the course of which there
s redistribution of energy between the different degrees of freedom and the concentration
alow frequency forms of vibrations. Condensation determines the possibility of goal-di-
rected conformational conversion. Frohlich was unable to demonstrate the presence of
uch a mechanism of generation (see below). Moreover, in the period when he advanced
:he hypothesis the role of coherent e.h.f. vibrations for the functioning of the cell and
ience also its need for them was not known. Only in one of his late papers [14] did he
autiously assume that biological systems “...themselves somehow use radiations in the
tequency range discussed and are, therefore, sensitive to the corresponding radiations”.
Accordingly, in working out the hypothesis questions connected with the different
reaction of organisms to radiation as a function of the initial state of the organism and
ts deviation from normal were not raised or solved; nor were questions concerned with
the variety of the spectra generalized by living organisms in particular cases raised or
•olved; nor were questions of the significance for the organisms of the degree of coherence
rfthe signals generated raised or solved as is also true of a host of other problems under-
lying study of the problem today when answers to specific questions associated with the
practical use of e.h.f. influence are required.
How far the hypothesis presented may be adapted to solve the questions arising
is
rot clear. Probably it is simpler to validate the theoretical construction of the mechanisms
i
\
l
1 092
M. E. Golant
FrMch a”d M
A. Livshits and other supporters of th^iews^lTlsT Tte"
that to describe the mechanism of exeitatmr. nr „„u
WS
T“e P0,nt
ls
proposes
[19) a kinetic equation including second o'Jder temTr»o
characterizing the redistribution of energy between the
(
u
qUantum
term5 )
of interaction with a thermostat.
^l
0"8 35 3 r£SU,t
completely written in the Frohlich equation. But if this J?J"
a“tum
n0t
mechanism of excitation of coherent vihrot
-
,
011551011
IS removed then the
Objecting toM.^^~
nS
t
W°?ed 0U
!
by Ff6hlich wil1 not work '
of biological systems developed by long evolution cannot h
physica] Properties
calculations but call for direct
^ T?
-
tween these two mutually exclusive views?
experiment
. Can one choose be-
At first sight the experimental detection of generation bv the
e
u
tions
[11 favours the corrects nr rr -ur
*f
neratlon °y the cells of coherent vibra-
wouldbl ilir:,_r: f
««ch a conclusion
this equation But in such a ci«
th ^ u
C COnnected with that mechanism which reflects
problem The only IZ to isofa t f*"*
°f d,
'
SCUSSlon
be peripheral to the real
is to establish its corrLcnd
t
t
?
e
?hamsm amonS the hypothetically possible
outlined above) Therefore
th
r
i,
b°dy °f kn0W facts Onduding the facts
ftl
h
rid«
iS Z ”0t ,he 0nly appr0ach
‘be P">N«tt
- others
r ,Tt"“ W"g °rganisms °f «*«“< vibrations but
“
t
Thus’ for “an>ple,
author of reference [21
Seu fa
J
tZfl - ,S
?
",
°° "" aSSUmp,i°n °f the
»f a
still an-
reactions and
"1
m,e'”eda1' sta8's of development of biochemical
their magnetic fields Th
e
r,P et state in which two unpaired electrons interact with
resp^ntSB ^fof
h
,
P°Ssib,e“
*» aach of which cor-
S?W TT„1
11 “
tha*
i-itiai state may be in-
hypothesis
too
can
f
P'”8 50 regula,in8 the course of the processes. Naturally,
this
Hypothesis
too, cannot give concrete answers to the real problems of usimr ehf
sig*
^xismnce'T
*"« of 'ba
uamrfof hf moiecjn
ute existence of which is taken as its base.
tionsfn ceih ^arnetat^'etZ-Z^’
1 M ,^Kprocess °fexcitation ofacoustic electric libra-
In many experimental °
t
f
' atfluf
,ce of'external radiations on thefunctioning ofthe cells.
does not act on the on
S ^ V
* ” enlpflasI2e<J
I 1 1 that a single external e.h.f. exposure
uTm
° Lit
°"g0,”gfu”c,“"-"8 Pf taalthy eellt. In reference [5) it was shewn tha.
^rid the un
,
d a
f
retarded e.h.f. waves in thentent-
Z‘J
?"re“rdeii orm^y larded waves of external radiation From electro-
establishedVv onPT
’
b',Wem dela>"d and Mtiolayed waves may *
“teiot i„ wS
m0re C°“P "g e,emenB (an,Mnae’ sli,s> «') looaretl a. points U*
otoTbZ wh^e
?T,0nmMly in
Phase- ia- sbtftcd relative .0 each
other by a whole number of delayed waves. And, in fact, reference [1] presents published
r«pt
Approved For Release 2000/08/08
: CIA-RDP96-00789R00310
oved For Release 2000/08/08
: CIA-RDP96-00789R0031 00280001 -7
lamsm
peripheral
/pothetically {Possible
s (including thefjictj
be fonnula^J^nr
era; there
lerent vibratlilM^t
uthor of refer|
cistence of jrji
>ment of bioblfremlcal
lectrons interact with
to each of which cor*
itial state may be in*
esses.
Naturally,’* this
ns of using e.]hi..jdg-
ture of the molecules
icoustic electricvwra-
'motioning of
ternal e.h.f. exposure
: [5] it was shown
f. waves in thettittn*
jiation. From e
elayed waves nrajrbv
i located at pcantfethe
lifted relative!
[1] presents pub
Resonance effect of coherent electromagnetic radiations
data on the formation at the membrane surface in periods when normal cell functioning
is disturbed (and external radiation is capable of acting on its recovery) of temporary
structures which may also act as coupling elements.
But how do these temporary structure form? Since the membrane for the electrical
component of the waves excited in it is a retarding system the wave length in which A
is shorter than the length of the electromagnetic waves in the surrounding space, the am-
plitude of the field on moving from the surface of the membrane decreases approximately
by the exponential law exp (-2nxjA) where
jc
is the distance from the surface
[21].
The action of the polarization forces on the excited protein molecules (see below) in
such a rapidly changing field, especially at the surface of the lipid layer of the membrane
(where the aqueous medium does not penetrate), is always directed to the surface [22].
On exposure to these forces protein molecules and aggregates move to the membrane
surface and adhere to
it
[1] from which the elements of the temporary structure are
formed. In fact, the polarization forces acting on the molecules and aggregates are deter-
mined not only by the variable but also by the constant components of the field in the
membrane pulsating in response to the acoustic wave. These forces are proportional to
the square of the field strength. As shown by calculation, if one ignores second order
terms of smallness the variable component depending on the coordinate 1 of the forces Fy
acting on the protein molecules at the membrane surface is proportional to Et sin2 (2nl[
.'2A) where Et
is the amplitude of the variable component of the wave field in the mem-
brane; / is the ongoing coordinate read off along the perimeter of the excited section of
the membrane. Consequently the Ft maxima are shifted relative to each other by the
length of the retarded wave A (but not A/2 as in the standing wave), i.e. by the distance
which in line with the forgoing is necessary for the temporary structures formed to ensure
optimally the link between the waves in the membrane and surrounding space.
From the photographs given in reference
[23]
it will be seen that the temporary
structures described form not over the whole perimeter of the membrane but at points
of curvature or in narrow gaps between the membranes,
i.e. in regions of concentration
of the fields where their amplitude
is maximal. The factors disturbing cell functioning
in many cases lead to deformation of the membranes which apparently causes the forma-
tion of these temporary structures. Therefore, the effect of the external e.h.f. signals on
the cells with disturbed functioning grows. At the same time amplification of the field
in the membiane on exposure to e.h.f. fields leads to acceleration of the formation not
only of the linking elements of the cells with the external e.h.f. field but also to the for-
mation of stable information structures ensuring generation by the ceils of e.h.f. signals
also after arrest of irradiation
[1] (see also below).
It should be noted that strengthening of the link with the external field
is also pro-
moted by such cell deformations
still not leading to the formation of the temporary
structures described but such a link must be weaker. This probably determines the re-
sponse of the cells to repeated exposure to external e.h.f. irradiation where the response
to a single exposure cannot be detected [24].
To conclude the exposition of the question of the link between the cell membranes
and the external e.h.f. field we would mention that the literature quoted in reference [1]