Acoustic detection of absorption of electromagnetic radiation 961 ane semrnew tine te am ah Acta 593: 437, 1980. . an The growth rate of the plants in height was measured. The dynamics of the change in the growth 32 , a ate distribution function of the plants was analysed for 30 days from the start of Signs of germina- At the initial moments of time of growth (5-7 days after sowing) the growth rate distribution plants was close to a normal! one. However, on days 10-12 after sowing this function com- ly “collapsed” (Fig. 1) but after a further 3-4 days growth it regained its normal form. Change in external conditions (air temperature, luminosity) only shifted the moment of onset of “chaos” © 1989 F ne with the phase shift of development of the plant. Nor was there any change in the character he “collapse” with the different density of sowing: the growth rate of each individual plant : S. 'LANT GROV si study of the consumption of nutrients in the seeds and accumulation of the dry biomass in the 7 leaves shows that the moment of “chaos” coincides with the moment of passage of the plant 3. SMIRNOVA “| from the heterotrophic to the autotrophic type of nutrition. At this moment a minimum of dry , gatler is observed in the plant (plant mass plus seed mass) (Fig. 2). This allowed us to assume that the Sciences, Kishiney ; | effect of variability in the growth rate of the plants may be explained on the basis of the trigger model ‘ | oof Chernavskii et a/. [1] in which “chaos” corresponds to the bifurcation state on parametric rch 1987) switching of the genetic system by the Jacob-Monod scheme. Change in the parameter of the system ME 6 gachieved by changing the supply of substrate. The bifurcation state is interpreted as the moment a different temperatiee * of the onset of competence for differentiation [1]. Apparently the above described phenomenon of ywth rate distribution ; : gariability of plant growth in terms of the speed parameter is experimental confirmation of the i artificial climate insane general theorem of Chernavskii that the advent of new forms must necessarily proceed through the 4 re investigated: 200 ; ° yate of chaos. Variability is the necessary payment for development and complication [2]. 25°C. Vol ] C. Volume of th REFERENCES alighiet 725 per e8 1), CHERNAVSKHO, D. S. et al., Oscillatory Processes in Biological and Chemical Systems (in Rus- sian) p. 138, Nauka, Moscow, 1982 3, BYELOUSOV, L. V. et al., Ontogenez 16: 213, 1985 IN é Bophysics Vol. 33 No. 5, pp. 961-964, 1988 0006-3503/88 $10.00+.00 \ : ; Pnated in Poland © £989 Pergamon Press pic ’ ae ACOUSTIC DETECTION OF THE ABSORPTION f- OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF THE 2 YY Bd MILLIMETRE RANGE IN BICLOGICAL OBJECTS* a 3 I. G. PoLNIKov and A. V. PuTvinskr a en MN BS Institute of Radioengineering and Electronics, U.S.S.R. Academy of Sciences, Moscow * (Received 2 September 1987) Fia. 2 mperature 20°C,. sowing. iomass of leave eat ON irradiation of various biological preparations, cells or intact organisms, with millimetre (mm) , Waves a whole series of effects is observed already successfully used in medicine {1-3]. Many authors have observed marked frequency-dependence of the effects on the basis of which the possibility of the non-thermal resonance interaction of k.h.f. radiation with living systems is discussed [1, 4], * Biofizika 33: No. 5, 893-894, 1988, Se aleayttit ced dy pce 3 oved For Release 2000/08/08 : CIA-RDP96-00789R003100280001 -7
z “CT a 962 I, G. Potnrkov and A. V. Purvinskir Acoustic Obviously to solve the problem of the mechanisms of the biological action of mm waves the first need is to establish whether the frequency dependence of absorption of energy of this radiation exists in bio-objects. In the present work to control absorption it is proposed that the method of acoustic detection of absorbed power (a.d.a.p.) is used — based on recording the thermo-elastic vibra- tions induced by absorption of modulated radiation. Such measurements have already been practi- cally mastered in the optical range (photo-acoustic spectroscopy) [5]. It is interesting to note that the : phenomenon of thermoelastic transformation of the radiation to sound itself is also Known in electro- , magnetic biology: on absorption of the pulses of a u.b.f. field in the tissues of the head the human : : Swed that in this subject hears so-called “radio sound” [6]. ; piezoceramic 2 synchronous a air layer next to rtional to the absc is in the near zon: UV the near zone of ‘ the frequency 2 Of-artefacts in the 8 : ‘that is, on det : radiate the solutio: luced into the wa in frequency the m » observed in this diated object i: dependen: sible. Is the fr. h this on irrac ¢ frequency de: homan skin sim modynamic c! to detect cha 1. wavelength - ie phase differc be time of dif 40 : uf 42 43 44 - f GHz ae to. its comple: Frequency dependence of absorption of the energy of modulated mm emission impingits * ; i i spectra o a—rectangular quartz cuvette {1 mm thick) filled with water and positioned in the near zone © we . are grateful horn (U is the signal of the piezo detector at the rear wall of the cuvette); d— polyethylene capil : (internal diameter 0-7 mm) with water passing through the waveguide (U is the signal of the phone inserted into the capillary at a distance 1 cm from the waveguide); c—is the skin of the & hand (between the horn and the skin is a well harmonizing fluoroplast gas microphone cell; 4 : phase shift between the modulating and acoustic signals). oF Se ; e Low Inte The experimental apparatus was assembled on the basis of a LOV-55 with the k- MS re A. et al. (5-2 x 2-6 mm?) and included the necessary instruments for controlling and stabilizing the ™ eM excitations in Bi power and frequency (35-53 GHz), low frequency modulation (2-1000 Hz) using P-i j-Nedi 4 a 1983 the LOV grid. The rate of the sweep of the radiation frequency. 1-10. MHz/min. The recordiss Beennlts Ay Ady. ’ Approved For Release 2000/08/08 : CIA-RDP96-00789R0031¢
Acoustic detection of absorption of electromagnetic radiation 963 sted of piezoceramic detectors, condenser microphones, narrow band electrically tuned filters 4 ther i ed 8 yPI-2 synchronous quadrature detector. The amplitude of the acoustic signal was recorded iosed that tive ae : tw o-coordinate automatic recorder. The thermoelastic vibrations on absorption of mm radiation are generated in the object itself in the air {ayer next to the absorbing surface. In both cases the amplitude of the acoustic signal iteresting gportional to the absorbed power of radiation [5]. We used both variants of a.d-a.p. fis also know p Horn emitters are most often used to irradiate biological objects with mm waves. Our experi- s of the h ts showed that in this case a marked pattern of the frequency dependence may be observed if object is in the near zone of the horn (Figure, a). This curve with extremes points to the frequency dence of the harmonization of the k.h.f. circuit with the object based on the multimode inter- jn the near zone of the horn. It is important to note that the phenomenon discussed is not ed in the frequency dependence of the power reflected in the circuit and, therefore, may be cause of artefacts in the evaluation based on waveguide measurements of the radiation absorbed in the object, that is, on detection of the action spectra. To irradiate the solutions or cell suspensions a different method was sometimes used: a capillary uced into the waveguide through non-emitting apertures. According to the a.d.a.p. data a certain frequency the maximum release of k.h.f. power in the capillary with an aqueous medium spay also be observed in this case (Figure, 5). This effect described in (7} is due to the transformation of the main mode to other types of waves and may be noted during careful measurements in the (3) qas jntrod it. If the irradiated object is a layered structure then as shown by theoretical analysis [8] unevenness gad the frequency dependence of the release of k.h.f. power over the layers as a result of interference effects are possible. Is the frequency dependence of the action of mm radiation on the human body pot linked with this on irradiation of reflexogenic zones? The a.d.a.p. method makes it possible to javestigate the frequency dependence of the depth of penetration and the absorption profile of the gam waves in human skin since the dependence of the acoustic response on the modulation frequency of emission, in principle, carries full information on the field distribution pattern in the skin (if, of course, its thermodynamic characteristics are known). In seeking to detect changes in the depth of penetration of mm emission into the human skin with change in wavelength we simply recorded by the gas microphone method the frequency de- pendence of the phase difference of the modulating and acoustic signals. Evidently this parameter is determined by the time of diffusion of heat to the skin surface and is greater the deeper the radiation penetrates. It was found that in conditions of careful harmonization of the horm with the skin (when the effects as in the Figure, a, are excluded) the phase shift monotonically drops with increase in the frequency of mm emission (Figure, c). This evidently simply reflects increase in the absorption coefficient of the mm waves in the skin, namely its aqueous component. In our view this fact indi- cates the absence of special features of the frequency dependence of absorption of mm emission in the skin due to its complex heterogeneous structure. Thus, the control of the absorbed power by the a.d.a.p. method may serve for correct investi- GHz emission imp gition of the action spectra of mm. waves in experiments in vitro and in vivo. id in the near The authors are grateful to V. B, Sandomirskii for assistance in mastering the a.d.a.p. method. b— polyethylena REFERENCES L Effects of Non-Thermal Action of Millimetre Radiation on Biological Objects (in Russian) (Ed. N. D. Devyatkov) 220 pp., IRE Akad. Nauk SSSR, Moscow, 1983 2, Use of Millimetre Low Intensity Radiation in Biology and Medicine (in Russian) (Ed. D. N. Devya- tkov) 284 pp., IRE Akad. Nauk SSSR, Moscow, 1985 3, ANDREYEY, Ye. A. ef ai., Vestn. Akad. Nauk SSSR, No. 1, 24, 1985 4. Coherent Excitations in Biological Systems (Eds. H. Frélich and F, Kremer) Springer Verlag, Berlin-Heidelberg, 1983 $. ROSENCWAIG, A., Adv. Electronic and Electron Phys. 46: 207, 1976 s the signa! of th ~ is the skin of the nicrophone cell; 4g als). 55 with the k.hd { stabilizing the ‘ral 'z) using P-i-N-dig {min. The records ra ~ Sree cae “peck fs et ee i. “ ‘ . ee hee. be GAR oat ame Apa ada tire pe eclaiglt ARERR DT A Koiinete ds sl Liaw ekkdabed 0 adult dee Seats at ee oi ioe” “FF, io heptane. eene wee rat tos ane:
964 B. F. Disrov ef al. 6. CHOU, C. K. and GUY, A. W., Biological Effects of Electromagnetic Waves (Eds. C. Johnson and M. Shore) pp. 89-103, USNC/URSI Meeting, Boulder, Colorado, 1971 7, BYELYAKOY, Ye. V. et ai., Summaries Reports Sixth All-Union Seminar: Use of Low Intensity al to a descripti MM Radiation in Biology and Medicine (in Russian) p. 94, IRE Akad. Nauk SSSR, Moscow, & . 1986 “ regulation and 8. RYAKOVSKAYA, M.L. e/ at., Dep. VINITI No. 801, 15 February 1983 . . sag to relies Rarant and interesti the epithelium 0006-3509/88 $10.00+.0 Biophysics Vol. 33 No. 5, pp. 964-975, 1988 © 1989 Pergamon Press pk Printed in Poland 1 tissues (5, : gly we carric POPULATION DYNAMICS OF PROLIFERATING CELLS ON PERIODIC PHASE-SPECIFIC EXPOSURE* y) 9} Te Ts cter of the dep . . ~ _ eae atalle rere eae en ne ns eng engage oe sane ee: en EO ee rt injection of HU : = B. F. Diprov, YE. V. GEL’FAND, A. M. ZHABOTINSKI, Yu. A. NEIFAKH and M. P. ORLovA Son All-Union Research Institute of the Technology and Safety of Medicinals. Kupavna (Moscow Region) (Received 4 June 1987) The dynamics of the population size of proliferating cells on periodic exposure to phase- specific cytotoxic agents with a blocking and non-blocking action has been investigated theoretically. It is shown that for real values of the parameters of the model soon after the start of exposure the population size exponentially depends on time. The dependence of the dynamics of the population size on the integral parameters of the cell cycle and the regime of exposure has been studied. It is shown that in certain periods a resonance fall in the damag¢ to the cells of the population must be observed, It has been established that the values of the periods corresponding to the resonance fall in damage are essentially determined by the mean duration of the cell cycle and the duration of the blocking action, for a short duratioa they are approximately a multiple of the mean duration of the cell cycle. Experimental study of the dependence of damage to the epithelium of the small intestine and the survival rate of mice on the period of repeated periodic injections of a S-phase specific cytotoxic agent~ hydroxyurea — revealed a resonance increase in the survival of the mice and reduced damas¢ to the epithelium on injections of this substance with periods close to the mean and double the mean ‘duration of the cell cycle of the enterocytes of the crypts. In antitumour chemotherapy and also in various experimental studies phase-specific preparstct are widely used, i.e. preparations the action of which extends only to cells in a certain phas¢ of cell cycle. Earlier when investigating mathematical models we were able to show that 00 pent introduction of high doses of phase-specific cytotoxics there may be resonance dependence survival of the proliferating cells on the interval between administrations with resonance m ! of survival at intervals close to (or a multiple of) the mean duration of the cell cycle {1}. Ie [t it was shown that this effect may be used to optimize the phase-specific cytotoxic actions in the - and, in particular, in tumour chemotherapy. * Biofizika 33: No. 5, 895-904, 1988, Approved For Release 2000/08/08 : CIA-RDP96-00789R003100 Ar: ce bility of o1 be 0. In this