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LN- 108-85
Experimental Study on the Bending Deformation of Steel Wjlre by Psychokinesis
The Case of Stainless Steel Weights
(Non-Magnet ic)
i
Sasaki Shigerai*
Ochi Yasuo*
Uji
Misuml**
Sei-ichi Kara**
Kobayashi Akira*
|
;
Abstract
|
To investigate the effects
of PK (psychokinesis)
otjj the mechanical
properties
of metal,
a simple beam type bending test
was; performed by four
boys who have special PSI energy.
(1)
The PK action helps the plastic deformation by mechanical stress
under bending moment.
(2)
The plastic deformation by the PK action
is similar
to that of mechanical creep under constant loading, but not identical,
(i)
The deformation by the PK action is mostly plastic deformation,
taut there
are also cases
of elastic deformation.
i;
It
it
f!
1.
Introduction
j,
f
Cosnon sense suggests that there
is no mutual relationship between the
spiritual and material.
However, results of the development of the science
of parapsychology in the Soviet Union, the United Statep, and other nations
provides scientific evidence
for the action of
the spiritual on the material
in the fora of psychokinesis.
1 ’*
Recently endeavors towards the actual
ultlliaation of this, force
(psychokinesis)
are actively; pursued, particularly
in the Soviet Union.
However
at present the type of affect pyschokinesis
has on the strength of metal materials still remains unhlear.
On the other hand, attempts at understanding
the
(science of parapyschology
in Japan, with the exception of certain specialists, hap been exceedingly
advanced, and debates over the existence or non-existe npe of pyschokinesis
continue to appear in the mass media and other
sources.;.
That
is,
B *nc *
February,
1974 when /Yuri Gera?/ visited Japan and the bn-the-spot broadcast
of the bending and breaking of a stainless steel spoon by pyschokinesis wah
broadcast on NTV’s
11 ?M (TV program)
on February
25, a number of boys and girls
who are said to possess
paranormal abilities have
comej, forth.
Further,
researchers concerned with such phenomenon have attempted to provi e
theoretical interpretations and* suppositions concerning these from their
respective positions.
However,
since there is an intimate interdependence
between psychokinesis and the minds and bodies of those! posssesing paranormal
—
if!
*
University
of Electro-Communication
;jj
** Graduate School, Univeristy of Elect ro-Communication
Japan Parapyschology Magasine
(1974)
Vol.
1, No.
Manuscript received
1974, September 27
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:• t
abilities,
there remain many lacking apsects in terms
of' universality
.
I; an<* objectivity, with the result being that
there
is still much active
i critism and resistance towards this type of phenomenon.
On the other hand,
since
it
is a fact
that
there are people who naturally develop or develop
through religious discipline special abilities, we
feel With certainty that
pyschokinesls exists
.
Nonetheless, whether a spoon can be broken by
pyschokinesls has not been witnessed under experimental conditions and
further since the details of the process remain unclear,
as of yet, nothing
definite can be said about
the phenomenon.
In
this report,
as
a first step in the examination of such phenomenon,
an experimental examination will be made
into whether or not several subjects
haying paranormal abilities,
can deform a metal material
(wire)
using only
mental thoughts and not
relaying on any known mechanical’ iorce,
and further
to! examine whether or not
there are any special characteristics
at
the time
of such deformations.
In other words ,
this report will deal with the effect
of the mental state
(as psychokinesis)
of subjects who
have
the ability
will be
observed on a substance
(the strength of metal materials)
as a
state of the action of psychokinesis,
and this
will be expressed as
a
graph of the curve of the relationship between mechanical force and psychokinesis
i "•
\
'
'
2 .
Experimental Method
The apparatus used in the experiment,
the test specimen and the conditions
of the experiment were designed and prepared by
the experimenters .(refer to
section 2*4 below)
.
The test subjects
(refer to section 2.3 below)
and
their guardians exerted no Influence on these factors whatsoever.
Further,
there were no people working under research commission in this report
.
2.1
The Apparatus Used in this Experiment
A diagram of the apparatus used in the experiment and a phdtbgraph of
the apparatus are shown in diagram
1 and photograph
1 below.
This was
designed so that
it would have an especially simple structure.
The bending
experiment apparatus
in diagram
1 was
put together on
a metal laboratory table,
as shown
in the diagram, by placing matchsticks on top of metal blocks supported
by wooden boxes and held in place using tape.
A notch Approximately 60
and
ran deep was cut
into the center of the match sticks with a knife and on these
was placed the test specimen which was supported in
a simple beam type arrange-
•
ment.
The bending experiment apparatus shown in the diagram was set
up on a
metal laboratory table
(area of the table:
600 x 1000mm 1 height
about
750 mm,
weight about
100kg)
.
This laboratory table stood on ths concrete floor of the
laboratory and metal wedges ware wedged between the legs and the
floor to
make the table horizontal and sufficiently stable.
The flexure, S (mm)
,
shown
in the diagram at
the time a weight W
(gr)
had been applied to
the test
spaclmeit was measured using a standard height
gauge
(£}. common height measuring
instrument
4 having
1/ 50mm calibrations which is used at machine factories).
Since the
fo3t subjects stated that
a covering would make the
experiment hard
to conduct,
and further since this was the first experiment,
no special
covering was used.
However, because of this sufficient precautions had to
be taken to insure no one touched the wire during the experiments.
A market
* ’*!« weight
(non-magnetic -stainless steel) wss used as the weight W
(gr)
, which
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•
.
..
.
='S~S“
distance from the center of
the weight
to
the, center
50-60mm.
-
250
100—
•
^
!
t n*
-
-~yr^r-—
matchstick
j
^m*>t(*t*)test specimen
(wire)
w fn
'
‘ metal block
*-*-% wooden box
(*
i an
Diagram
1:
A schematic diagram of
the apparatus used in the
Experiment
I,***
_
<*Ni >**«»
Photograph
The apparatus used
in the experiment
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2.2
Experimental Specimen
The wire used
in this experiment was a standard,
commerciallyJ^eted
wire (uLd to «k< artificial flower.) having a diameter
d - 0.72 a and 0 88 d.
funMh of
1 -250 mm.
a calibrated dl.t.nce of
1.
- 200 mm.and waa In it.
condition at purchase
(as coumerclally packaged, with nn special he
conditioning carried out).
The.e were prepared by all experimenter
.
2.3
Test
Subjects
(Persons with Paranormal Abilities)
The
four test
subjects who were kind enough
to participate
in ^e
..per^utt were Kiyot. Ma..akl.
Sekiguchi dun
“f/l^. r.c.l-d no
[?}
(age
from 10-12).
These test subjects and their ^iens «ce^
compensation
for participating in the experiment and Palpated ou
good will and with a positive cooperative attitude.
« 9earch
were not previously acquinted with the experimenters.
Thus,
tnis res
took puca under condition, which damandad tha cooperation and goodwill of
strangers
.
i
2.4
The Experimenters
Tha people involved
in this axparimant a.
Ito Fumio, Ochi Tasuo, Kameda U
J
• Kan
Kazuo, Nakamura Kazuo,
Akira. Kobayaahi Seikichi.
S...kl Shigemi.
[?1. T.da Kaauo
s. llchll .„a
Deguchi
l?], Nakayama Yoichi,
graduate students or
Misumi Uji.
These people were a11
«tment at the University of Electro-
seniors in the mechanical engineerl g
P
oaranormal abilities
(ef
Communications.
These experimenters
a
P
general,
and had outgoing
the type this report deals with
.
likedH^^Ihere were SoU“n this group
(friendly) personalities.
Further,
although the*e "
.
re none
who had diubt. concerning the axl.itance
of
£
Who outright denied the possibility of
such,
and all held an
such phenomenon.
2.5
Experimental Method
A. shown
in diagram
1. mechanical flexure.
«’
11'
W, was applied to
the center
of the wire.
Next
in a po*
t
downward
3,-15 cm above
the wire,
the subject held his right or
x
minutes
(this was
and applied psychokinsis
(PK)
(note
*
°
4)
Jnd
the flexure, 0
, was
recorded,
for example
in figure
3 below,
as PK
ana
^ ^
measured.
In order to investigate
t e
n
minutes
with the weight load
flexure, 6
, was measured for time
^
the data obtained on the
Ui-i, «*—
strain.
The experiment waa carried out
in theJfoliowin
g
to the .tart of the experlMntthecontenfP
,nd
their guardians,
note and objective were explained to the test
and the experiment was begun after this ha
a*
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Three types of experimental apparatus used
in the experiment were
set up
in
the experiment room and four experimenters.
A,
B,C and D were
stationed at each location.
The measured values taken by A were recorded
by B on the prepared form shown in figure
(filled out
or eac
n
experiment) , while ekperimenters
C and D and the test subjects conducted
periodic checks and verifications.
This report deals with |*eJ^i^nts
one of
the three types
of experiments conducted, however,
the exP“^®"ts
were conducted under
great care that the wire was not touched.
i
spite of
the precautions exercised by the experimenters and
J®
8t
'
the wire did get
touched,
and when
it was judged that an accidental touch
of the wire
had occurred,
it was recorded on the records sheet * prevent
were removed from the experimental results obtained.
In order
to prevent
boredom or frustration
in the
test subjects as a result of the monotony of
the experiments,
in this report
the experiments were conducted using a
system of periodic rotation of
test
subjects.
Furth®*>
as
C°nC®£” *
t
progress of
the experiment and
in order
to build confidence
in the
subjects,
a system of
at
first conducting very simple experiment con
and
then gradually moving to more complicated experiments "aa ad°P*ed ‘
other words,
in diagrams
3 through
5 below,
initially psychokinesis
experiments were conducted using large weights, W
(gr)
and as the exp
i
progressed the psychokinesis experiments were conducted using smaller W
(g
)
*. mi/ n mm
Oat* of Experiment
**
J!U— AtJ
1$'
Wo-
.Configuration Experiment,
01V: time atarted
awr
Temperature
Taat
Subject
xw
Weather
mm
Time
(
Hitt: UK
ataxeau
hr*
dfraln.
** T tin* completed
ht«S
#»ln*
timber.'
|
olnt Meaa .red
L
5M-
'.=5
mm*
Diagram
2s
gocisrda Sheet
Form
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UNCLASSIFIED
3.
Results and Conditions of
the Experiment
3.1
Results Obtained
in the Experiment
Examples
of
the resalts obtained
in these experiments
is shown in
diagrams
3 through
5.
The verticle axis
in the diagrams show weight, W (gr)
and
the bending monent, which
is the measured
flexure value, 6
(mm),
.
shown
on the horizontal axis.
In the diagrams,
indicates flexure obtained
through mechanical means and
*
indicates flexure obtained through psychokinesis.
The numbers indicated
in
the diagrams show the elapsed time
(minutes)
of
psychokinesis and static creep.
In other words,
in the diagrams, when
flexure,
<5*
, when weight W
O, isO.
First
the
flexure,
<5* (mm), was measured and recorded when W *
(gr)
was added.
With W fixed,
no transformations
in
o following a three minute
application of psychokinesis were observed
(recorded as PK
3)
.
Next ,
the
weight was increased
to W * 20
(gr)
and in the
same manner S
was measured
and recorded as a
°
.
Here psychokinesis was applied
for
four minutes, how-
ever again there was no change
in
<9.
Next,
the weight was increased to
W a
(gr)
and after pyschokinesis had been applied for an eight minute
period,
since a very slight flexure produced by psychokinesis occurred,
this
was plotted as a
* and entered as PK
8.
Finally,
the above process was
repeated using Increased weights
in the weight application process
(the
process of gradually increasing the weight)
and a W- 6 curve was obtained.
At
this time,
for example when W ™70
(gr)
and creep
6 was written,
this
is shown by the symbol
°-* 0
,
in other words,
after
W - 70
(gr) was
measured for
the corresponding flexure,
after
it had been left as
it was
(with weight still apllied)
for
6 minutes at room temperature,
the creep
which occurs
is shown by
the symbol
°-* 6
.
Next, while gradually decreasing
the
load
(weight removal process)
in a manner similar
to
that described above,
a curve would then be obtained
for W -
8.
On one hand
in diagram
3,
in contrast
to
°,
in the measurement of
*,
there was a certain degree of continuity
in psychokinesis or a plastic
deformation d corresponding to
°~* m occurred as
a result of psychokinesis,
or both of these occurred.
Looking at the results,
in the case of
the W- 6
curve during the weight removal process,
(when W - 40
(gr)
and W
(gr))
there was a unique rebounding effect
(appearing as elastic deformation)
different from that appearing in figure
11 occurred and judging from the
fact
that
the amount of rebound was not completely a result of psychokinetic
flexure, but only
a part
of
the process
( from °—+*)
elastic flexure
(
rebound)
along with plastic flexure
( 0 as a permanent deformation)
can
said to be included
in psychokinetic flexure.
Therefore, psychokinesis,
as the cause of
the unique elastic deformation
(rebound) mentioned above,
since there
is continuity
in psychokinetic
flexure and the plastic deformation also occurred as
a result of psychokinesis,
rather than •.this deformation can be judged
to be a
measured value.
In
the diagram,
assuming that
there were no deformations,
as will be seen
in
the examination in section
4 below,
a smooth deformation curve,
such as
shown in broken
lines,, should be obtained, however
in actuality, because
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Moment
(kg-ram)
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the effects of psychokinesis were included,
a unique step-shaped solid
line and the remarkable rebound curve obtained during load removal were
obtained.
These phenomenon appeared even more pronounced during the weight
removal process
(previously processed material).
Further,
it
is believed
these curves are unique and can not be obtained using normal mechanical
methods.
(•>) MMML Ml
: NS
(•«<*->>) -
fc»*MM
Diagram
3;
Load
(bending moment)
Flexure curve;
example
;i
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UNCLASSIFIED
•(«40i) XMMi. M2 :*« (Ml
mm
Diagram
4:
Load
(bending moment )-
Flexure Curve;
example
Diagram
5:
Load
(bending moment)—
Flexure Curve;
example
3.2
Conditions During
the Experiment
Guardians and concerned persona were kept
in a room adjacent
to the
room in which the experiments were being conducted and were cautioned not
to
assist
in the experiments!
in a mechan.ical sense.
They were free! however
to enter and leave
the experiment room,
sit
in chairs provided, watch the
experiments
take place
and give encouragement, however they were not
permitted
to become directly involved in the experiments.
Further they were
asked not to sit near
the test
subjects.
The room in which the experiments
took place was lighted with normal
fluorescent
lights which were kept
at
reading brightness during the experiments.
The experiments were conducted on the
first
or second floor experiment
room at the department of mechanical engineering at the University of Electro-
communication
(concrete building).
Standard plastic
(?]
tiles covered
the
concrete floor within
the
room.
In front of
the building there was a lawn
and behind
the building there were woods.
The experiments were conducted
four times during the period from June
to September
(Saturdays
only).
Since
005-1
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on those particular days
the weather was relatively clear,
the glass windows
were opened slightly
(to
a degree that
the wind did not pose problems).
The
room was arranged
in such
a manner
to impart a comfortable
atmosphere with
regard to
the test
subjects.
In other words,
during the experiment
a radio
was played at a low volume and household objects
(bed,
food utensils,
comic
books, newspapers,
calendars and snacks) were
set out.
The experiments would begin around
5 or
In the evening and were stopped
at
10:30 in consideration of
those who had
to commute.
The test subjects
were asked to come
to
the campus around
4 and played games on the lawn wit
the students involved with the experiements
for the
two hours prior
to the
experiment.
This was done because
it was difficult for psychokinesis to
occur
for some
time after having arrived.
Also
for this same reason,
as
mentioned
in section
2.5,
a rotation system was used and as a result,
in
this report no downward curve
in the quality of
the results obtained occurred.
(note
4)
.
At the beginning of
the experiment,
the test subjects were asked not
to use
their hands at all and tried to
deform the wire solely by concentrating
on the test specimen, however this approach was not successful under these
experimental conditions.
Nonetheless,
the
test subjects and their guardians
have stated that such a method has been successful when conducted in their
yards.
During the experiment,
the test subjects were seated in designated chairs
and appeared
to carry out
the experiments
in their normal states of
consciousness without relying on any special spiritual concentration.
In
other words,
the
test subjects did not carry out
the experiments^ a
hypnotised or induced trance
state.
As a result,
in this case,
irregular
breathing and weight
loss were not encountered and further as
far as one
could judge,
there were no signs of
any particular fatigue observed.
In
the popular view,
psychokinetic deformations bring up an image of remarkable
deformations occurring the
instant
the test subject demands
(just by saying
"abracadabra")
, however
in actuality,
it was usually the case that
it
would occur unnoticed by the
test
subject end would be spotted by an
observant experimenter.
Further,
there were differences in the degree
of
psychokinetic deformation among individuals, however after psychokinetic
deformation became possible,
any number of attempts could be made w
psychokinetic results.
In other words,
there was reproducibility
in
psychokinetic deformation.
Next,
in order
to have numerical values
for
the mutual realtionship
between deformation by mechanical force and deformation by psychokinesis,
experiment results were compiled and examined comparitlvely.
3.3
The Relationship between Psychokinetic Deformation and Mechanical
Deformation
When expressing the bending moment.
M,
and flexure,
,
obt®^ ^
om
the results
of
the wire bending test
as a curve,
such curves a8 f^°™
figure
6 and
,
for example,
are obtained.
In these diagrams
the verticle
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shows
the mechanical bending moment,
M,
and
the
° and
*
on the horizontal
axis show mechanical and psychokinetic
respectively.
Note that
the
°
which are plotted away from the broken line are assumed to have been
affected by psychokinesis.
In the case
in which there was absolutely no
psychokinetic action,
in general,
a familiar broken line M- 6 curve such as
appears In figure
is obtained and when nearing the maximum elastic moment
M
(note
5)
and when there
is a M larger than M
during the weight removal
process,
since
flexure by psychokinesis,
(shown6 in the diagram as 6 pk)
occurs,
along with
the
step like shaped curve shown In the diagrams,
it
is
seen that a unique M- & curve having rebound elasticity
is obtained.
The
indicated in the diagram is the 6 corresponding
to M
.
Further, 6 pk
is
tfie actual value of
the flexure occurring as
a result of psychokinesis and
since M pk replaces 6 pk in the mechanical bending moment M,
these are
termed
the corresponding psychokinetic moment and
the psychokinetic moment.
In other words,
using mechanical means,
Bince* only
flexure 6 pk
is obtained,
it signifies
that
the M pk bending moment
is necessary.
Finally in diagram
6 and
7,
the numbers
(no.
1),
(no.
2),... (no.
6)
refer to the number of the
test specimen used in the experiment
(wire)
.
(»)
U> ?MXM(»A«41>
(a)
(load ^iW^i^.^o^^.^^-^^iremoval)
Diagram
6:
Compiled results
(1):
Bending Moment- Flexure Curve
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even at
less than moment
,
flexure Spk appears as a result of psychokinesis,
and
in the case where bending moment M is M>0.6 He>
there
is a tendency
for
the larger the M the larger
the S pk.
(2)
In the case following plastic deformation
(processed state)^ for
M where M>0.4 M
, when M - M
,
there
is
a tendency for
a maximum o pk to
appear
( maximum'value
is S pk? 6 e
-
110%, where 6 e
is the 6 coreesponding
to H
)
€
(3)
The psychokinetic: bending moment M'
.
corresponding to
the supplied
state,
even when M was larger than M/ M
- 60* were roughly the same and
M
/ M -
X, however
,
in the load removal process and the processed state
Mp£ whin M was larger
in range
than M/Me
-
%, M
had a tendency to
_
dlcrease the larger
the M.
The maximum value of Mp
in this case when M/Me
100 %.
%, was Mpk
/ Mg
o eu.*»(ss4*i)
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4.
Examinations of
the Results Obtained
4.1
Creep Deformation and Psychokinetic Deformation
Within the stress range of
fluid stress
(note
7)
,
it appears that creep
occurs In a mechanical and dynamic sense.
First let's examine the relationship
between creep deformation and psychokinetic deformation.
Creep deformation
was pronounced
in
the case
of cantilever type bending experiments0
.
For
the
purpose
of
the examination,
a mechanical or dynamic creep curve was drawn
for
a stress larger than the yield stress, which
is shown
in figure
(a)
and
(b)
.
In other words,
the graph shows flexure
<f (mm)
on the vertlcle
axis and time
(minutes)
on the horizontal axis.
The results obtained in
the experiment have
a tendency
to correspond with known primary creep,
transitional creep and logarithmic creep
occurring at generally low stress
and low temperatures.
Examples of
the results for
the examination of the
relationship between normal dynamic creep and psychokinetic deformation are
shown in figure
(a)
through
(d)
.
Diagram 9:
Flexure- Time Relationship
(Dynamic Creep Curve)
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UNCLASSIFIED
(a)
and
(b)
ahow the case of simple beam structure bending experiments
while
(c)
and
(d)
show cantilever structure bending experiments.
In
(
a
),
(b).
and
(d)
in
the diagram,
*
and
*
show mechanical
(creep)
and P 8
J
cJ°^^
ic
flexure respectively.
shows
the
case of deformation by psychokinesis,
— * shows flexure caused by creep,
°-*°
shows the case of ^ontinued creep^
while •-•is
the case of continued pyschokinesis.
in
(c)
show dp
caused by a person with paranormal abilities, while
shows the
<? caused
by a normal person conducting the same actions as the person wit
paran
abilities
(refer
to section 2.5 Experimental Method).
Comparing figures
9 and
10,
there are clear differences in both these cases.
In other words,
the dynamic creep curve in figure
is relatively gentle, however
the
flexure ceueed by psychokine.la in figure
i. broken,
'-ooklngatflgure
10,
only when psychokinesis was occurring could a sudden increase
in
f
be observed
(
for example
*""•*
).
In the study above,
the
following results were obtained:
(1)
6 pk resembles creep deformation,
but
is not
identical.
(2)
within
fl pk a rebound effect
(for example the decreasing 6
•-•in figure
(b))
occurs.
(3)
6 pk appears
for only an instant
(
6 was only observed
for the
time note at
the experiment point
in the graph,
and the time up
point was not measured.)
A. 2
Deformation by Dynamic Force
An example of
the results obtained in the experiment are shown in figure
(a)
and*(b)
in order
to examine
the relationship between flexure 6 pk which
cJuseSby psychokinesis and flexure caused by dynamic force.
These results
slol the case
in which
a normal person carried out
the same
had been carried out by persons having paranormal abilities using the sam
experimental*apparatuses shown
in figure
1.
*
it
is noted that
as
the major difference,
that
in diagram
(a)
ana
(D)
a step-shaped deformation and rebound as seen in diagrams
3 £
hr°u®
not occur
Further,
diagram
(a)
and
(b)
show a standard M- 6 curve,
therefore!
the 6 pk and rebound explained in figure
3 end 6 above,
assumed to be
the appearance of
a phenomenon caused as a
P
V
. i-
i I-
.
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(a)
Bending Moment, M 1.75kg-mm
»r
• P.K. fih*
Flexure
Dynamic
Flexure*
i
<k) mil*-*'*. tf-l.Jk*;"*, y
. V;l ..
(b)
Bending Moment, M“1.5kg-m-
«0r
lOV
Time * N Mu*)
Time
*• "
J.’
r v t
MilIklkitMi
14) ilf' -/vk-
<c) fe
\
5 *- 2ke_”1
Diagram
10:
The Flexure- Time Relationship,
(a)
and
(b):
simple beam
structure bending
test;
(c)
and
(d)
cantilever
type bending test
Diagram
11:
The Bending Moment-Flexure Curve
(no psychokinesis)
.
..
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5.
Conclusions
The following conclusions were obtained from the results
of
the
experiments described above:
5.1
Conditions Conducive
to Psychokinetic Actions
(1)
Psychokinetic results appear within the range at which a metal
nears or passes yield stress.
In other words, psychokinesis
is more
likely
to occur
in cases which are also conducive
to creep.
(2)
Psychokinetic results appear
at
stress levels below the yield stress
levels of materials
(within the range of elastic
stress)
that have undergone
prior plastic strain.
5.2
The Relationship between Psychokinetic and Dynamic Strength
Indicated effects of psychokinesis on the dynamic and mechanical
properties of materials are believed to be on the stress rate,
flexure rate,
and power.
However,
due
to a lack of experimentation at present,
on which
factor
it has
a maximum effect remains unclear.
(1)
The progression of dynamic plastic deforamtion aids the action of
psychokinesis.
(2)
Deformation caused by psychokinetic action is usually plastic
deformation, but there are
some cases of elastic deformation
(3)
Plastic deformation caused by psychokinetic action resembles creep
deformation under constant
stress, however
it
is not identical.
From the above,
it can be said
that plastic deformation caused by
the
action of dynamic force aids psychokinetic actions.
In other words,
if
a
small
force
is added and psychokinetic action is included,
it
is believed
that the plastic deformation would advance even more remarkably
(observed
comparison)
5.3
How Psychokinesis Appears
(!)
The
instant psychokinesis occurs, plastic deformation
is aided
(advanced)
(2)
Deformation progresses as
a result of psychokinetic action, how-
ever
it can be assumed that after action has stopped,
some continuity
is
maintained and continues to operate.
(3)
The appearance of psychokinetic action have no special relation-
ship to public observation.
(4)
According
to information given by
the
test subjects
(those having
paranormal abilities)
there are periods when psychokinetic actions can be
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UNCLASSIFIED
Notes
note
PK
Is used
as
an abreviation of psychokinesis.
note
Within the transformation of plastic deforamtion occurring over
time, when a constant load
Is applied to 4 material,
the Increased
plastic deformation
Is termed
creep
.
Plastic deformation refers
to non-reversible permanent deformation.
note
In the simple beam structure
(wire)
shown
lh diagram
1,
the maximum
bending movement,
M,
at work at
the center of
the wire was calculated
to be M *
(W/2)
x
100
(kg-mm)
.
note
This refers
to
the downward performance and reults curve that occurs
with repetition ovdr a long time period.
note
In the wire bending experiemnts,
the bending movement M at the
time the maximum stress within a cross section reaches the yield
stress d y
is the maximum elasticity moment Me.
In stress
strain t
curves
in the case of tension tests, 6 y
is the slight bending
stress shown by plastic strain
( about 0.2%).
Stress d y
is
normally d
P/A when
P
is weight and A
is
the original area A.
Strain t
» when
represents
the stretch,
and t
is
the original
length,
t
dkl/jf
.
Further A? in
the case of plastic stretch
(permanent
deformation)
&
is
the plastic strain
.
note
In the central region of
the simple beam shown
in diagram
1,
a
weak layer within the cross section of the neutral surface remains,
and
the overall plasiticity
at
the cross section
is refered to as
the bending moment M p.
In the neutral surface,
stress
5; occurring
on the beam as a result
of
the one-directional beding moment M, when
d
0 and tension stress
is transformed into compressive stress, passes
the core of
the rod
(metal)
.
Further the region of plascitity
is
that region where plas
ic
(permanent)
deformation occurs.
[?]
note
Yield stress
is termed
o
y.
A stress larger than o y
is fluid Btress.
In other words,
when fuid stress
is o
f,
o y
of.
The relationship
between bending moment M and bending stress o
,
can be shown as 6
M y/
I where
y
is
the distance
from the neutral axis
(M«0)
,
I
is
the
secondary sectional movement,
and
in the case
of
the cylinderical
rod,
I
fl d
/64
(d * diameter).
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Bibliography
(1)
for example,
J.
B.
Rhine and
J.
G.
Pratt,
Parapsychology
(Charles
C.
Thomas
1957)
(translated by Yuasa
[?]
Parapsychology
(Religion and
Psychology Research Institute
1972)
:
Nakaoka, How to
Increase
Psychokinetic Power
(Zenden-sha)
(1974)
p.
183.
(2)
for example,
S.
Ostrander and L.
Schroder,
Psychic Discoveries Behind
the Iron Curtain
(Prentice Hall)
(1972)
([?]
translatedTama Publishing
1974)
(3)
for example Parapsychology,
the
first
issue
(1974):
Telepathy Research,
Vol.
8.,
No.
(1974):
ibid Vol.
8,
No.
(4)
for example,
J.
B.
Rhine and B.M.
humphrey,
J.
Parapsychology,
8,
p.18
Miyasaki
[?]
The World of Mysticism Iwanami New Publications
(1970)
p.
102
(5)
for example,
S.P.
Timoshenko and D H Young,
Elements of Strength of
Materials
(D.
Van Nostrand),
(1968)
p.
139.
(6)
Sasaki Shigemi,
Ochi Yasuo,
The University of Electro-Communications
Report,
Vol.
52,
No.
(1974)
(7)
for example,
F.
Gorofalo, Fundamentals of Creep-Rupture
in Metals
(Macmillan,
1965)
p.
10.
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