Approved For Release 2O0SIPHTE A PIAFRDP96-00788R001300020001-6 ST-CS-01-169-72 July 1972 during the course of the day. The EEG was characterized by an irregular alpha rhythm, frequently followed by more rapid low- amplitude oscillations, an indication of decreased reactivity of the cortical processes. The condition of the autonomic nervous system was judged from shifts in skin temperature and arterial pressure, both of which were much lower at the end of a work shift than at the beginning. The physiological data were supported by the results of a neurological examination which showed a large number of functional shifts. In general, the adverse effects were most pronounced in those who worked in soft red light. Yellow light was less irritating than green. 2. (U) Further evidence of Soviet interest, especially in red light, is provided by research emanating from Soviet military institutes, The dynamics of work capacity of healthy human subjects during adaptation to colored lights was evaluated from the rate and quality of sensorimotor reactions of varying complexity. The subjects, seated at a specially designed control board, were required to press buttons to switch off the lights at appropriate signals during a two hour adaptation period. Adaptation resulted in changes in the rate and quality of the reactions in relation to the color of the light source and the adaptation time. An increase in wave- length increased reaction speed but impaired quality, while a decrease in wavelength had the opposite effects. Red light produced tension and irritability. Yellow light induced a good mood charac- terized by "increased motor readiness" and sustained attentiveness. Sluggishness and sleepiness were the characteristic reactions to blue light. Green light did not seem to produce any emotional reaction (239). 3. (UU) The effect of colored illumination on monkeys has been studied at the Kirov Military Academy. The work reported above also was done at the Kirov Academy. The work as one can see involves not only monkeys but humans. The relationship between agressiveness and color type is of interest especially since the work comes from a known military establishment. An abstract of the work on monkeys follows: "In order to determine the psychophysiological specifi- city and the emotional working capacity as influenced by different colors of the visible spectrum -- so important in technical esthetics in submarines, mines, planes, and light and heavy industries ~- the authors used two rhesus monkeys. Sultan, four years old, was rather immobile and aggressive with a big appetite. Generally he sat at the screen and in the case of a mistaken choice 83 CONTROLLED DISSEMINATION NO DISSEMINATION ABROAD (This oa OE TDENTIAL.. IFIED) Approved For Release 2003/09/10 : CIA-RDP96-00788R001300020001-6
SG1B Approved For Release 2003/ 0: CIA-RDP96-00788R001300020001-6 Cote Det {TAL ST-CS-01-169-72 July 1972 became aggressive and chewed on the screen. Kahn, three years old, was lively, emotionally responsive but suspi- cious, was roused by food less than Sultan, and was con- ditioned by surroundings. He ran about the cage almost continously and seldom sat at the screen to wait for the signal. Food was placed in sight of the monkeys in one of two feeding troughs shut off from the cage. After 30-60 minutes of adaptation to light (red, yellow, green and blue) at different periods, the monkeys were tested for delayed reaction. After red light the ani-~ mals were restless, they made many wrong choices, and emotionally they were tense. After yellow light there were fewer mistakes. The optimum was green light. Blue light produced definite sedative effects on the body and thought, especially so with Kahn, who sat quietly in the corner and responded to signals with deliberation or indifference." (240) 4. (U) Other research on color thresholds of lights (241), color vision (242-243) and the development of visual color perception (244) have been published. One final paper is of separate interest because it gives an indication of possible Soviet interest in the relationship of anticholinergic drugs and photic stimulation with colored light. The effect of amino glycolates, hydroxypiperedyl- benzylate, benactyzine, and glypin (unknown), in doses of 0.1 to 5 mg. per kg., and of the amino acetates, adiphenine and tropacin, in doses of 1 to 10 mg. per kg. on discrimination of light flashes by the retina was studied in intact rabbits. In photostimulation with white, yellow, green, and blue light, 1 to 25 flashes per second were percileved both before and after the administration of all doses of the anticholinergic drugs. S.A. Kalning (245) reports that rhythm perception proceeded undisturbed even when the intensity of the light was increased after the introduction of the drugs. It is not known if the Soviets have done similar studies employing red light; it would appear to be of interest since it has been shown that red light tends to increase agegres- siveness and produce EEG alterations. SECTION III - CONCLUDING REMARKS AND COUNTERMEASURES 84 CONTROLLED DISSEMINATION NO DISSEMINATION ABROAD CONFIDENTIAL
Approved For Release 2003/08 Gr FIA-RDP96-00788R001300020001-6 ST-CS-01-169-72 July 1972 2. (C/CD/NDA) The use of Flashing lights to alter or affect human behavior or one's mental state has not received very much research attention. Laboratory tests, however, have revealed some interesting effects which might be worthy of further investi- - gation. At close distances, light of high intensity can alter the alpha rhythm of the brain to bring it into phase with the lights (see Kuproyanovich - 164). It has been noted that a person in hypnosis is more likely to be in the alpha state. Laboratory tests have been devised so that a subject's brain waves can be visually displayed on a wail thus teaching him when he is genera~ ting alpha waves. These tests have all been conducted in darkened laboratories. To reproduce such conditions in the field would require lights of very high intensity. The tests could probably only be conducted at night. Such a test would probably require high intensity lights flashing at about ten cycles per second (cps), which is the approximate cycle rate for the alpha waves. SG1B Obse rva- tion of flashing lights operating at ten cps could indicate experi- ments (218, 219) intended to alter or control alpha waves or could merely indicate coincidence. The color of the lights would seem to be of no importance or significance. Another explanation for flashing tungsten filament lights could be linked to an attempt - to interfere with an observers perception of motion (218,219). Short intense light flashes tend to impede the ability to detect motion. The eye detects motion by observing an object traveling from one position to another. If flashing lights were present, the observer would only be able to observe the object for such a short period of time between flashes so it would appear to be Stationary. Only prolonged observation and comparison to other objects would enable the detection of movement. Even a short period of indecision could be of importance in the detection of a torpedo for example. Experiments have been conducted in the laboratory which demonstrate that high intensity flashing lights operating at ten cps and conducted for a prolonged period of time result in nausea on the part of the observer. Such flashes could be particularly effective against someone feeling the effects of seasickneas. 3. (S/NED) It is interesting to note that the expert above mentioned that color would seem to be of no importance or signi- - ficance. The Soviets have shown a high interest in the effects of color on human behavior, especially red colored lights. The ; 85 CONTROLLED DISSEMINATION NO DISSEMINATION ABROAD NO FOREIGN DISSEMINATION Approved For Release 2003/09/10 : CIA-RDP96-00788R001300020001-6
SG1B Approved For Release 20037P FTP : CIA-RDP96-00788R001300020001-6 ST-CS-01-169-72 July 1972 reports from US Air Force personnel also describe the use of bright red strobe lights that pulsate so rapidly that it almost gave a stop-motion appearance that one of the Soviet's aircraft engines was feathered. It might be concluded that, at least to the Soviets, color is a very important consideration. 4. (S/CD/NDA) The following information is based on a discussion by Canadian scientists who are long standing psycho-optic researchers of the highest rank and who also are oriented towards their military establishments are Doctor Douglas Pearce and Doctor C.E. Mackinnon. The two doctors have specialized in psycho-optic research dating back to the early 1950s. About 1962, they became associated with the Canadian Ministry of Defense in Toronto, Canada. Doctor Pearce and Doctor Mackinnon have been experimenting with human subjects since 1952. Some of their work includes studies on the effects of light and other stimuli on aircraft pilots; it is believed that this research was military oriented. It is felt that their work (and future work) should be studied and watched because of their expertise in the area of light stimuli. 5. (S/CD/NDA) Very little. literature has appeared on counter- measures or defense against flashing lights. One US expert (246) suggests that perhaps the most simple means of protecting against the adverse effects of flickering light would be a series of filters fitted to eye glasses or goggles, but the wearer would have to be absolutely cognizant of the exact wavelength employed against him to get the desired results. A variable and selective filter for eye glasses could be manufactured. Also, there is optical glass that would limit the field of vision to a few degrees. Based on the discussion of the use of a tungsten light to conceal a laser source, it would be of interest to see if any discemable eye damage had occurred to any of the air crew that was subjected to Soviet red strobe lights. It appears to be imperative that eye examinations must be given to all personnel who report exposure to Soviet flickering lights. \ 86 CONTROLLED DISSEMINATION NO DISSEMINATION ABROAD NO FOREIGN DISSEMINATION
Approved For Release ZO MPTTENT TAR ROP 96-00788R001300020001-6 ST-CS~01-169-72 July 1972 PART VIT ODOR AND THE ALTERING OF HUMAN BEHAVIOR SECTION I - BACKGROUND 1. (WU) Man has just begun to research the areas of odor and olfactory phenomena. An increasing amount of evidence implicates olfactory mechanisms in communication between the sexes in prosi- mians and also in their social organization, but to date there is only scant information that olfaction plays a similar role in higher primates (247). 2. (U) Do pheromones operate also in people? There is no evidence that they do not, and some evidence that they do. Many psychiatrists have believed that odor is among the “cues™" which operate in the transference situation, while schizophrenic patients, who are receptive to unorthodox ideas and have their sensory gain-control turned right up, claim to "smell" hostility. Some psychiatrists themselves have long claimed to be able to "smell" schizophrenia-—- the substance involved has now been identified as trans-—3-methy lhexanoic acid. Olfactory sensitivity varies greatly in humans--a perfumer can smell the differences between skin and hair colors, and many unskilled observers have noted the unique, pleasant skin odor of redheaded women (248). 3. (U) Pheromones control ant behavior and much insect mating. An artificial pheromone (gyplure) can be synthesized to attract gypsy moth males into an insecticidal trap. They are also wide- spread in mammals. Some mammalian odors, like the n-butylmercaptan of the skunk, or the labeling of territory with urine, are straight- forward signals. These influence behavior in the same way as a display of threat, dominance or attraction. The action of a true pheromone is more direct; it is a signal, but its action is more like that of a hormone--the distinction is not total, but it is perceptible, in that many pheromonal odors, at least in mammals, have a chemical shape rather like that of a steroid molecule, and might have béen derived from one. 4. (U) Imsects take advantage of their keen, specialized olfactory organs (usually the antennae) to guide them to food, the opposite sex, or mark the place to lay eggs. Sense of smell is particularly 87 CONTROLLED DISSEMINATION NO DISSEMINATION ABROAD (This page is UNCLASSIFIED) Approved For Release 2003/09/10 : CIA-RDP96-00788R001300020001-6
Approved For Release 200X/OE7F NF A-RDP96-00788R001300020001-6 ST~CS-01-169-72 July 1972 important to the social insects, which manufacture a variety of scents to coordinate the activities of their colonies; they employ odors to warn their kind of impending danger, to recognize intruders to mark trails leading to food, to move their nests, and to enlist the help of other colony members. Because of this phenomenon, man may be able to control insects through the use of different chemical attractants (249). It may some day be possible for men to control other men by using pheromones. SECTION II - Behavioral Altering Possibilities 1. (C/CD/NDA) A paper presented at the Ciba Foundation Symposium on Mechanisms of Taste and Smell in Vertebrates by M.G.J. Beets is of interest because of the implications of possible chemical warfare use (250). The paper by Beets reports a new line of syn- thetic odor producing substances with odors closely related to those of some of the steroids. The steroids are very complex, expensive to produce, naturally-occurring substances with strong odors which are quite important in controlling behavior, particu- larly in lower animals. Steroids are used in contraceptive medica- ments, and perfumers have been looking among them for years for a substance to insert into perfumes as an aphrodisiac. Beets. and his group have come up with a very simple artificial product which is easy to synthesize chemically and which has the identi- cal smell of the natural substance it mimics. Instead of having. a large, complicated chemical structure with, say four rings, Beets has produced a structure with a single ring but with so many groups attached to it chemically that it is the same shape of molecule as the natural substance. The accomplishment supports the theory that odors of chemicals depend upon the shapes of their molecules (251). 2. (C/CD/NDA) Beets' paper reports an innocent development, but the principle of the development applies in chemical warfare with regard to the search for "mind benders." In fact, Beets observed that the basic idea of his accomplishment could be extended to drugs, hormones and some other substances, making their synthesis much easier by simplifying the steps of production while retaining the overall shape of the molecule (251). 3. (C/CD/NDA) There are at least two problems in using this synthetic mimicry for a placating or confusing effect in chemical warfare. One is getting the substances sufficiently volatile for dispersal in the air. The natural substances are generally not 88 CONTROLLED DISSEMINATION NO DISSEMINATION ABROAD CONFIDENTIAL
Approved For Release 20030R 4 CIA-RDP96-00788R001300020001-6 ST-CS-01-169-72 July 1972 volatile, but a way may be found to make them so. Moreover, we are just at the beginning of a knowledge of the chemical contro- lers that are produced in the body, and it is not wlikely that some of these substances are small~moleculed and thus replaceable by a synthetic substance which could be readily distributed through the air. There is also the possibility of distributing the non- volatile substances through the water system, which is probably more efficient for some purposes. 4, (C/CD/NDA) The second problem has to do with whether odor—~ that is, the chemical traces entering the body which produce the effect we call odor--can have a substantial behavioral effect upon human beings. There is the ancient idea of the aphrodisiacal odor in perfume. Certain food odors can start one to salivate and make one hungry. Certainly, most of the lower animals and insects do have strong odor-responsive systems. A bitch in heat will attract male dogs from half a mile or a mile aroumd. Many insects use similar systems for attracting a mate or for knowing where to lay their eggs. Ants produce a smell warning other ants of danger. In the animal world the phenomenon of phe romone--of odorous signaling substances-~can be powerfully controlling, and it would be very surprising if the human being is exempt from this. 5. (C/CD/NDA) Many of the secretions of the endocrine glands have profound effects in signaling changes in the basal metabolism and changes in the whole operation of the body. It is probable that more and more substances will be found that are put into the blood stream by the endocrine glands, or by the brain, which control whether we feel awake, or sleepy, or active, or sexy, or hungry or whatever else. So there is a very definite possi- bility of an eVentual chemical warfare application of these substances synthetically reproduced or mimicked. And just conceivably, Beets' principle is the way to go (251). 6. (U) There appears to be a very definite lack of Soviet literature on the subject of pheromones and odor. However, in 1968, Klimenko (252) authored a book entitled "Live Radio Electronics." There are some enticing chapter titles but unfortunately no translation was available at the time of this report. The titles are as follows: a. Organs of Sense, Special Devices and Analyzers in Animate Organisms. b. Olfactory and Gustatory Organs c. Use of Odors 89 CONTROLLED DISSEMINATION NO DISSEMINATION ABROAD NO FOREIGN DISSEMINATION (This page is CONFIDENTIAL) Approved For Release 2003/09/10 : CIA-RDP96-00788R001300020001-6
Approved For Release 2008/9219 : CIA-RDP96-00788R001300020001-6 ST-CS-01-169-72 July 1972 It is further believed that the book, since it contains a chapter on biocommunication, deals with parapsychological phenomena. 7. (0) Suffice it to say that the Soviets have been working with the synthesis of various mercaptan compounds. Apparently they are looking for oil and water soluble mercaptan compounds with sharp odors (253). The only reason this is mentioned is because the work comes from a pharmacology and toxicology laboratory and not a pure chemistry or industrial laboratory. This suggests that the Soviets are interested in the effects of these compounds on living organisms. 8. (C/NFD) Another area of interest is the Soviet work on the influence of carbon tetrachloride on the human body. Belkov (254) reports that small concentrations (8 mg. per cubic meter) decreases the light sensitivity of the eye. The threshold of reflex action of this sensitivity was 6 mg. per cubic meter. Thus concentrations of carbon tetrachloride undetectable by its odor can change the light sensitivity of the eye. This fact has possible application in chemical warfare use as a behavioral control mechanism. 9. (U) Pheromone phenomena has interested researchers in Poland, A 1969 review article with 88 references was written by J. Kwiatkowska. The article deals with pheromones and communication in the animal kingdom (304). A 1970 review by Malicki discusses physical and chemical attractants for insects (305). 10. (S/NFD) One approach to behavior alteration in humans is through the possible use of the olfactory sensitivity of insects or animals. One can use a pheromone or other odor-producing ‘agent to create a condition that will cause insects for example to gather to a specific location, e.g. on an enemy troop camp. Another pheromone could be released that could cause aggressive behavior in the insects, this in tur would disrupt the military unit and render them ineffective. The Soviets have been working with attractants for the Aedes mosquitoes. They have shown that solutions of lysine and alanine are useful as Aedes attractants (306). It might be mentioned that these aqueous solutions would probably be adaptable to aerosol dissemination. 11. (U) Shamshurin et al have claimed that they are able to synthesize the sex attractant of Peetinophora gossyptella (307). Burtsev and Giadilin have reported on the isolation and testing for biological activity of the attractant for the butterfly Danus gtlippus (308). 90 CONTROLLED DISSEMINATION NO DISSEMINATION ABROAD NO FOREIGN DISSEMINATION SECRET
Approved For Release 2008801 ARs Ff ROP96-00788R001300020001-6 ST-CS-01-169-72 July 1972 PART VIII SOUND AS A MEANS OF ALTERING BEHAVIOR SECTION I — GENERAL 1. (U) The psychological and behavioral effects of infrasound and the low ranges of audible sound (those frequencies in the range of 1 to 100 cycles per second, i.e. Hertz (Hz) are poorly documented, especially Soviet work. There is some sketchy data available on sonic (20 to 20,000 Hz) and ultrasound (usually any frequency greater than 20,000 Hz). 2. (U) The Soviets are, however, aware of the biological effects of sound and seem to be interested in establishing protective measures for humans. The Soviets believe that the fact that human beings are not biologically adapted to the rapid tempo, noise, and pressures of an urban industrial society accounts for the increase in cardio- vascular and nervous disturbances. Therefore, the Soviets are experimenting with a concept they call "The Zone of Health." One such zone has been established in Baku. The facility includes parks and seashore with provisions for 28 kinds of natural therapy including climatotherapy, kinestherapy, diet therapy, phototherapy, psychotherapy, etc. During 1969, 142,000 "patients" were treated with some 98 percent going home "healthy" (255). Apparently the zone is a form of rest and relaxation with complete absence from excessive sound stimuli. This would appear to be an expensive project and therefore illustrates the Soviet concem for the effects of excessive noxious stimuli on its people. 3. (U) A 1964 book written by G.N. Krivitskaya (256) appears to be of extreme interest; unfortunately only the preface and the table of contents is available in translated form. For readers interested in behavior modifications through sound, it seems that a full translation is a must. Below is described the purpose and coverage of the text and the abridged form of the table of contents. The book is entitled "Effect of Intense Noise on the Brain; Experimental Research." This book covers the problem of change in morphological structures (nerve cells, fibers, synapses, ganglia and vessels) in the neuron systems using different analyzers for the effect of noise stimulants such as an electric bell with a strength of 80-130 decibels (db) of mixed frequency used from one to 44 times. The material is divided into three parts. The first part describes the harmful effect of sound irritants on living organisms. The second deals with experimental data (producing convulsive attacks in a rat in response to sound irritants). In both chapters, further references are cited. 91 UNCLASSIFIED Approved For Release 2003/09/10 : CIA-RDP96-00788R001300020001-6
Approved For Release 284a/b9mKF 1ds-RDP96-00788R001300020001-6 ST-CS-01-169-72 July 1972 In the third chapter results of studies are compared with data from references. This book is recommended for neuropathologiste, otolaryngologists, therapeutists and pathomorphologists. TABLE OF CONTENTS: (abridged) Foreword -—- 3 Introduction -—- 5 Harmful effects of sounds and noises on the organism -- 8 Producing attacks caused by sound. -— 70 Morphological principles of functional changes in the central nervous system caused by sound ~~ 112 Bibliography -- 138 references SECTION II - INFRASONIC NOISE 1. (VU) The following discussion. on the effects of infrasound is based on a report by Maire (257). Due to the lack of appropriate Soviet literature, this discussion is based upon references from other countries, 2. (U) Observed psychological and physiological effects have included significant impairment of compensatory tracking ability, choice~reaction time, foot pressure constancy and peripheral. vision. Other effects were greater arror increases in reaction times and performance at 5 Hz than at 2 Hz, increased initial reaction time and an increasingly detrimental effect on visual performance as frequencies were increased above 8 Hz, with maximum effect occuring between 40 and 50 Hz. Gavreau (258) observed that high intensity infrasound caused sensations of panic and the impression that the head would burst. Infrasound at a frequeney of 7 Hz (emitted by a faulty industrial ventilator) caused diffi- culty in the performance of mental activities and precision work. Other studies (259, 260) have shown that at exposures to stimuli of 15-17 Hz, at SPL's (sound pressure level) of approximately 104 dB, subjects experienced feelings of apprehension. During initial exposures to intense sound fields, many individuals presented symptoms typical of generalized stress reactions, particularly in cases where suffictently effective ear protectors were not in use. Severe storm activity in North America was compared with the automobile accident rate and the rate of absenteeism among school children in the area of Chicago, Illinois during May 1967. The results sugges ted that a correlation may exist between the presence of infrasonic disturbances in the area and changes in selected patterns of human behavior (261). 92 UNCLASSIFIED
Approved For Release 200 4705 -RDP96-00788R001300020001-6 PP ONCLASS IF TED ST-CS—01-169-72 July 1972 3. (U) Very little information is available on animal reactions to infrasound at this time. According to Maire, it has been reported that a frequency of 7 Hz caused "epileptic fits" and the subsequent death of rats at some distance from the laboratory in which the generator was located. There is a newspaper article claiming that during experiments with a frequency of 7 Hz, all dogs in a nearby apartment building "went completely insane with fear" (262). SECTION III ~ SONIC NOISE 1. (U) There have been several pertinent Soviet reports on the psychological effects of noise in the 20 to 20,000 Hz range. Among these was a report by Korotkin et al (263) that showed changes in auditory thresholds as a result of suggestion during hypnosis. In 14 of 16 subjects, the deterioration or imp rovement in audibility of sound signals suggested during hypnosis produced a significant change in auditory sensitivity in accordance with the suggestion of the hypnotist. More substantial changes in auditory sensitivity (up to 60 db) followed the suggestion of poor audibility. The range of changes in sensitivity following the suggestion of good audibility was narrower (up to 21.4 db). The lowering of the auditory thresholds in response to a suggestion of good audibility was largely dependent on their level on the day of the experiment. The higher the original levels, the more they dropped as a result of Suggestion. The considerable individual variations in auditory sensitivity caused by suggestion were obviously related to the degree of suggestibility of the subjects. 2. (U) Rudenko reports that canine death can be caused by strong acoustic stimulation (264). Prolonged attempts (for six weeks) to evoke neurosis in a dog possessing exceptional strength and equilibrance of nervous processes by using super-strong acoustic stimuli failed to produce any appreciable disturbances of its nervous activity. Then to increase the excitability of the dog's nervous system and raise its working capacity to the limit, a loud tone (120 decibels) was combined with the administration of caffeine in 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 grams doses 30 minutes before the experiment. Ten minutes after a 1.5 gram dose of caffeine was administered, there was a drastic tonic convulsion of the entire body and a few seconds later the animal died. This indicates that this type of animal has strongly pronounced protective mecha~ nisms and that destruction of these mechanism may lead to a break- down of higher nervous activity or to even graver consequences. 93 UNCLASSIFIED Approved For Release 2003/09/10 : CIA-RDP96-00788R001300020001-6
Approved For rei eLboododett : CIA-RDP96-00788R001300020001-6 S$T-CS-01-169-72 July 1972 3. (UV) Alekseyev and Suvarov (265) studied the speed and intensity of acoustic and visual reactions in subjects exposed to noise from thirty minutes to four hours. Using 70 to 90 db noise intensities in a soundproof chamber, the investigators recorded vocal and motor reaction response times after varying exposure durations. Prolonged (3-4 hour) testing at either db level caused fatigue of. the central nervous system, reduced effective response, and disturbed relation- ships between motor responses and strength of stimulus. Noise of 70 db produced no essential changes in responses within the first hour of testing, while 90 db noise caused changes in vision dependent reactions and slowing of reaction times. 4. (U) Strakhov (267) has investigated the effect of high intensity noise (95-100 db, 1500-3000 Hz) on EEG pattems. In human subjects a gradually increasing desynchronization of cortical rhythms was noted together with the appearance of slow waves. In rabbits and cats, both desynchronized and synchronized rhythms occurred. The general character of noise induced changes, the considerable after effect of noise, accompanying changes in respiratory function, and the presence of a cardiovascular reaction suggested that subcortical brain structures (especially the reticular formation of the medulla oblongata) were primarily responsible for the genesis and development of these changes. This hypothesis was confirmed by electrophysio~ logical studies with potentials taken directly from subcortical structures. In addition, histological examination showed pronounced changes in medullary nerve cells. In a later report (267), Strakhov reported that a generalized alpha rhythm depression develops during a period of several minutes as a result of exposure to 95-100 db noise, but that if photic stimulation were applied at the beginning of the noise, alpha rhythm bursts appeared which weakened, then completely disappeared as the noise action continued. Discontinuation of the noise first brought about new bursts of alpha rhythm in response to photic stimulation, and subsequently led to its complete restoration. The administration of scopolamine delayed the development of the changes. The results were regarded to be due to development of an inhibitory state in the cerebral cortex due to the activation by noise of the reticular structures of the inferior parts of the brain stem and the release of inhibitory mechanisms of the nonspecific thalamus. Other EEG work has been reported by Korzh (268) and by Doroshenko et al (269). 5. (U) On a more subjective psychological level, Vogel (270), classifies effects into three categories: gross, annoyance, and subtle, arranged roughly according to decreasing sound intensity. Subtle involves sounds used to instill fear, anxiety, confusion, panic, etc., examples of which would be the bugles played by 94 UNCLASSIFIED
- 300020001-6 Approved For Release ZOD RAKES | GI RDOPIG 00788R001 ST-—CS-01-169-72 July 1972 the Communist Chinese in the Korean War and the Confederate "yell" of the Civil War. Annoyance sounds would be sounds used to interfere with work performance such as the ability to learn and retain. Gross psychological damage would be the complete loss of the ability to function, destroying or "muddling" of the conscious to such a degree that the ability of all but involuntary actions (breathing, heart beat) would be destroyed. Vogel states that nowhere in the scientific literature could there be found a documented incident where high intensity sound caused a gross psychological effect, or any closely related effect, on a man. 6. (U) The intense noises associated with aircarft may in many ways be similar to those that might be purposely generated under combat conditions. In this respect, the work of Terent'yev, Sheludyakov and Sviridova (271) may be quite relevant to assessment of the psycho- logical effects of noise on highly motivated, trained personnel. These investigators observed 90 people from an aviation engineering techni- cal staff, who, in the course of their work, were subjected to the influence of noise with an intensity of 100-102, 110-112, 118-120, and 130-136 db daily, or two to three times a week for one to six hours at a time. The majority of the technicians exposed to 130 db and more, complained of general fatigue, reduced work capability, headache, unpleasant sensations in the region of the heart, noise and ringing in the ears after each day's work, less frequently of itching over the entire body, pains in the front wall of the abdomen, and sometimes nausea and vomiting. In some, sleep was irregular and appetite lowered. In a majority, these phenomena disappeared after a nights sleep; in others after 2-3 days if work under noise condi- tions was not repeated. Analysis of case data showed that the frequency, expression and duration of unfavorable sensations were determined by both intensity and noise duration. Individual charac-~ teristics of those examined were also important. The symptom complexes described developed more frequently and earlier in people in whom head trauma, hyperthyroid, neurocirculatory dystony and other illnesses had been noted. In order to validate the observations made under work noise conditions, fifteen healthy volwmteers were tested under laboratory conditions. After exposure to noise with an intensity of 100-102 db for one hour, some subjects complained of noise in the head and sleepiness; after three hours, five of eleven complained of general fatigue and one, of sleepiness; after six hours, all examinees complained of noise and ringing in the ears, headache and general fatigue, reduced appetite, nausea, sleepiness and general irritability. After exposure to an intensity of 110-112 db for up to three hours, all subjects complained of headache, fatigue, sleepiness, and a sensation of deposits in the ears; one subject complained of nausea and reduction of work capability. 95 UNCLASSIFIED Approved For Release 2003/09/10 : CIA-RDP96-00788R001300020001-6
Approved For Release AW03459/H16] EB1A-RDP96-00788R001300020001-6 ST-CS-01-169-72 July 1972 Under daily six hour exposure to noise of 110-112 db for five days, the changes increased from day to day: fatigue, headache and general malaise. After the third day the symptoms did not disappear by the beginning of the following work day. With noise of 118-120 db, a single exposure elicited the same changes as at lower levels, but the degree of expression increased significantly and the aftereffects lasted longer. Especially strong reactions were observed in three and six hour exposures. All volunteers complained of noise and ringing in the ears, general fatigue and heaviness of the head. In some subjects, paleness of the skin, involuntary twitching of face muscles, apathy or irritability, perspiration, or tremors of the eyelids and fingers appeared. One general observation of considera- ble significance was that the effects of prolonged noise exposure are cumulative. 7. (U) Mikhaylova and Byshevskiy report that 2000 Hz for various periods of time (from 30 minutes to 10 days) on exposed rats may contribute to inhibition of the anticoagulation process (272). Further studies on rats exposed to 2000 Hz for various time limits showed a reduced transketolase activity (273). 8. (U) Yuganov et al (274) have suggested that there be a standardi- zation for admissible limits for high intensity sound. The effect exerted on humans by noise of 114-116 and 125-126 db with an acoustic energy of 500 Hz was studied. The auditory thresholds, blood pressure values and time of response to light stimuli were measured. Sixty-four healthy male test subjects were used in 152 experimen's. Adverse changes in the acoustic analyzer, cardiovascular system and locomotor analyzer were detected during an exposure to 125-126 db noise. Taking into account the changes in the thresholds of skin vibrosensitivity when the ear was protected, it is concluded that the skin becomes a second gauge for acoustic energy beginning with 125-126 db. Noise of 114-116 db is considered admissible during powered stages of spaceflight. SECTION IV - ULTRASONIC NOLSE 1. (U) Vartous psychological effects to exposure to ultrasound (greater than 20,000 Hz) has been reported in the Soviet literature. Mel'kumova and Koroleva (275) reported psychological-subjective findings based on ¢linical observations of 104 individuals exposed to ultrasound in an industrial environment. The main complaints of the examinees were headache, extremely pronounced fatigability, tiredness and a general weakness. The onset of fatigue in most of the subjects began as early as two to three hours after starting work with simultaneous development of headache, with the latter 96 UNCLASSIFIED
Approved For Release 200: 94/ABc 1ElEFROP96-00788R001300020001-6 $T-CS-01-169-72 July 1972 increasing progressively in intensity until the midday break. For some, the 30 minute break at noon restored work capacity and lessened the severity of the headache. Considerable exhaustion was experienced by most subjects by the end of the workday. Besides the marked fatigability and tiredness the examinees complained of a constant feeling of general weakness and vertigo with dimming of vision occurring by noon, at the end of the workday, under physical or mental strain and in stuffy rooms. These sensations caused loss of consciousness in some individuals. 2. (U) Another effect of ultrasound was disturbances in sleeping patterns. The need for sleep was felt by one group during actual work, before the noon break, or toward the end of the work day. Some individuals were overcome by drowsiness during short pauses in work and in longer pauses fell asleep standing up or in other normally uncomfortable positions. In rare cases daytime drowsiness was of the nature of a hypnagogic state, during which the individuals continued to be oriented in their surroundings, hear speech, follow the industrial process, and at the same time, sleep with clear dreams. Changes in nocturnal sleep were also reported. Thirty- eight per cent of the workers complained of drug-like heavy, dream- less sleep, while another group (18%) slept superficially and inter- mittently with difficulty in falling asleep and, in some cases, with oppressive dreams. 3. (U) Other reported effects were morbidly sharpened perception - of ordinary sounds during off-duty hours, leading to sleeplessness and the opposite extreme, in which one worker reported the sensa- tion of "wanting to sleep day and night," even during the workday. Heightened irritability was detected in 30 persons, while in 15 others, intellectual impairments were found. These included pro- nounced loss of memory (especially for current events), decreased perception, and inability to master new material. 4, (U) During clinical examination of this group of workers the investigators noted lassitude, apathy and retardation of movements and reactions. The examinees rarely expressed their complaints themselves, but more often had to be prodded verbally in order to elicit information. Replies to questions were monsyllabic and conversational initiative was lacking. 5. (U) In other studies conducted by the Institute of Hygiene imeni Erisman, Yefimov (276) reported findings including weakeniny of the sense of smell and decreased taste sensations as well as certain disturbances in digestion. Of the gastrointestinal symp-— toms, the most frequently noted were poor appetite, nausea and a tendency toward constipation. In some cases these symptoms were 97 UNCLASSIFIED Approved For Release 2003/09/10 : CIA-RDP96-00788R001300020001-6
Approved For Release 208 dg98-dD app96-00788R001300020001-6 ST-CS~01-169-72 July 1972 combined with pains in the stomach which radiated into the right subcostal region. Menstrual disturbances (dysmenorrhea and prolonged amenorrhea) were detected in several women workers, but gynecological examination revealed no inflammatory or proliferative disease in any of them. Many men among the examinees complained of reduced sexual capacity. Two men, aged 46 and 48, with long work exposure on ultrasonic installations displayed sexual impotence. 6. (U) The organ and cellular effects of ultrasound have also been documented. Gorshkov (277) cites studies by Wolf in which. small aquatic animals were exposed to varied durations and intensities of 800 kHz ultrasound. The results Suggested that a species specific relationship may exist for sensitivity to ultrasonic irradiation. Gorshkov also cites experiments by Buchtala, who described spon taneous bone fracture in a young dog after ultrasonic irradiation, and Majnc, who exposed the extremities of a rabbit to ultrasound at 960 kHz, 6 watts/cm*, for 30-120 minutes. Edemas of soft tissues, ulceration, periosteal separation from the bone, and subendosteal hemorrhages resulted. Necrotization of the bone eventually followed, although the joint cartilage and epiphyseal growth plates remained completely unchanged. 7. (U) Klupp (278) et al exposed the kidney region of animals to 2 MHz ultrasound at intensities greater than 5 watts/cm*. Morpho- logical changes were found in the primary convoluted tubules, the loops of Henle, the secondary convoluted tubules, and the descending arms of the loops of Henle. The connective tissue elements and collecting tubules of the medullary layer were found to be more resistant to ultrasound. Other investigators have observed dila- tation of the renal blood vessels, hemorrhages in the medullary and cortical layers, and degenerative changes in the epithelium of the urinary tubules following exposure to high intensity sonic waves. 8. (U) The behavioral effects of ultrasound on animals have been examined to a limited extent. 9. (U) Wood and Loomis (279) exposed fish to ultrasound. The fish showed initial disquietude, then rushed from side to side in the tank, swam to the surface and attempted to gulp greedily for air. Some, after as little as one minute of exposure, became sluggish, motionless, or showed symptoms of disturbed equilibrium and weak, irregular respiration. At times, sporadic attacks of renewed frenzied activity followed, with rapid respiration and cardiac activity. Subsequent increase in intensity killed the fish. 98 UNCLASSIFIED
Approved For Release 20064 At BEF AROP96-00788R001300020001-6 ST-CS-01-169-72 July 1972 10. (U) In chronic experiments with ultrasowmd of moderate intensity, Onanov (280) observed changes in animal behavior (apathy, lassitude, refusal of food, emaciation, trophic ulcers and loss of fur). Death due to stress with adrenal failure has been reported in sheep subjected to ultrasonic irradiation at high intensities similar to those used in the treatment of human auditory disease. Stress due to ultrasound of lower intensities has also been claimed (281). SECTION V ~ CONCLUSION 1. (C/NFD) Although the above discussion on Soviet research in the areas of biological (psychological) properties of sound was brief, it expresses an awareness on the part of the Soviets of the potential harmful effects on humans. Some Soviet research has indicated that the behavioral changes in man and animal are of prime importance. 2. (C/NFD) According to Maire (257) scientists from Warsaw Pact countries have evinced interest in French sonic and ultra-— sonic sirens and pneumatic compressors for acoustic wave generation. Therefore, the Soviets may be expected to continue research on small siren powered emitters for mob control and on larger acoustic arrays for area denial and anti—infiltration application. 99 (Reverse Blank) NO FOREIGN DISSEMINATION CONFIDENTIAL Approved For Release 2003/09/10 : CIA-RDP96-00788R001300020001-6
Approved For Release 200 NPP AGS FLA FROP96-00788R001300020001-6 ST~CS-01-169-72 July 1972 PART IX SENSORY DEPRIVATION 1. (U) A relatively recent development in experimental psycho- logy has been the study of the effects upon human behavior of a severe reduction in the level and variability of visual, auditory, and tactual-kinesthetic stimulation. The experimental attempts to achieve such a non-changing sensory environment are often referred to by such terms as stimulus deprivation, sensory or perceptual deprivation, or sensory and perceptual isolation. What- ever the terminology, this condition can produce marked behavioral and physiological changes. It has been demonstrated that a varied and patterned sensory environment is essential to the maintenance of normal human behavior. If a person is required to live for many days in a monotonous, non-changing sensory and perceptual environment, his physiological and psychological processes may operate in extraordinary ways (282). 2. (U) The following discussion is excerpted from a report by Zubek (282). According to Zubek, the first experimental work on perceptual deprivation began in 1951 at McGill University. Its purpose was to further the understanding of the mechanisms under- lying "brainwashing" (e.g. Korean War) and of the lapses of atten- tion noted under monotonous environmental conditions, such as- watching a radar screen for a prolonged period of time. The results of the McGill research were very enlightening. The subjects, who were paid to do nothing except lie alone in a semi-sowdproofed chamber for several days, wear translucent goggles and listen to a constant masking sound of low intensity, reported a variety of unusual subjective phenomena e.g. vivid and highly structured hallucinations, delusions, and gross changes in the appearance of the perceptual environment upon emerging from isolation. In addition to these introspective reports, objective test data were obtained which indicated an increased susceptibility to propaganda material, impairments in cognitive and perceptual functioning, and a progressive slowing of occipital alpha fre- quencies with increasing duration of isolation. 3. (U) The results described above, together with several other post-World War II developments, soon started worldwide interest in the effects of sensory isolation and confinement. One source of interest came from the highly publicized "confessions" extracted by communist interrogators (e.g. the Cardinal Mindzenty case). What little information was available suggested that the results were obtained by techniques which often employed solitary confinement 101 UNCLASSIFIED Approved For Release 2003/09/10 : CIA-RDP96-00788R001300020001-6
Approved For Release 2004 /dd}90 Ld Rpp96-00788R001300020001-6 ST-CS-01-169-72 July 1972 and the deliberate impoverishment of the prisoner's perceptual environment (283). Drugs and physical torture were apparently not used. Another development was the arrival of the space age in 1967. Other advances, as reflected in increased use of sub- marines, isolated radar and meteorological stations, and of auto- mated equipment in general, also provided considerable impetus to the initiation of research programs dealing with reactions to restricted sensory and social environments. 4. (U) Despite the recounts of the Mindzenty case, the Soviets did not publish reports on sensory deprivation until the mid 1960s. The Soviet data is usually published in their aerospace or related literature. Hinkle in 1969, however, has reported that under prison isolation, as this has been carried out by Soviet. and Eastern European state police, most prisoners developed symptoms of disorganization within three to six weeks; but some have been known to endure this for many months, and some have succumbed within days (284). Based on Hinkle's statement and numerous other accounts on the treatment of prisoners in the Soviet Union and other communist countries, it seems safe to say that they have had some experience with the effects of sensory deprivation prior to their acknowledgment of actual research in this field. 5. (U) The Soviets are quick to point out that the Canadtans and the Americans were the first to report and maintain research efforts in the field of isolation and sensory deprivation (SD). Perhaps to detract attention from the prison reports, Kosmolinskiy reports that from the mid-fifties, sensory deprivation experiments attracted increasingly greater attention in scientific investigation centers of the Army, Air Force, and Navy of the United States and Canada (285). In another section of Kosmolinskiy's report, he mentions, however, that the question of sensory deprivation was already established in the USSR in the twenties by I.P. Pavlov. The distinction between Pavlov's work and research by Galkin in 1932 (286) as compared to Western work is that the Soviet efforts were more humane. Kosma~ linskiy states that abroad, crueler forms of isolation were imposed and that sensory limitations were created by the most severe means. e.g. plaster cast usage. 6. (U) Western literature on sensory deprivation deals with many of the psychic manifestations that appear during or after the experiment. Many investigators noted significant changes in the emotional sphere of subjects in sensory deprivation (50) experi-. ments: the appearance of varying degrees of apathy, melancholy, anxiety and fear (287). Sometimes, apathy and dulled consciousness of the subjects become so profound that one of the most important 102 UNCLASSIFIED
Approved For Release 2003/08F-FIA-RDP96-00788R001300020001-6 ST-CS-01-169-72 July 1972 instincts is destroyed -— the instinct of self-preservation — and the person contemplates suicide (288). The Soviets contend that serious psychological disorders in subjects as described above are evidently related to the exessive burden of the severe experi- mental conditions on the physiology of the subjects. The Soviets continue by stating that in the above studies it is not only a matter of the action of isolation and SD factors, but also a number of supplementary factors complicating the circumstances of the experiment (restraint with straps, plaster casts, uncom fortable postures, and occasional painful sensations). The Soviets further believe that Western experimental work does not appear to be a true model of human life and work conditions, especially in space flight simulation SD studies. 7. () According to Kosmolinskiy, experiments on the limitation of stimuli and conditions of isolation carried out by Soviet scientists showed that a healthy person with greater will power can remain in a soundproof chamber for an extended period of time without any psychic changes threatening the condition of his health. The various specific sensory illusions which appear are not of a morbid nature. This form of sensory illusion pertains to illusions associated with incorrect perception of stimuli, the information characteristic of which is insufficient (289). The illusions themselves do not appear to be a sign of psychic disease and often are encountered in healthy persons, especially | in those instances when something interferes with the distinct perception of visual and auditory images; for example, poor lighting. Baseline psychological status, fatigue, distraction, states of expectation and fear are of great significance. 0O.N. Kuznetsov and V.I. Lebedev (289) in describing the presence of illusions involving recognition errors in subjects under investi- gation in the soundproof chamber as a consequence of insufficient information, of a feeling of the extraneous presence of eidetic images, ideas of relationship and over evaluations, do not consider these phenomena to be pathological, and propose calling them pseudopsychopathological. According to the data of F.D. Gorbov (290), psychopathological phenomena were absent in the experiments of Soviet cosmonauts in a soundproof chamber. 8. (U) Soviet scientists assume that the isolation factor must be studied in conformity with conditions which can occur on space flights. In this regard, the most important factor appears to be that a person believe in the necessity of the work which he is to accomplish, and that he have a clear conception of the objects of a given experiment. Each experiment in the soundproof chamber is a moral and volitional examination for future cosmonauts, for example, which prepares them for the performance of complex tasks. 103 CONTROLLED DISSEMINATION NO DISSEMINATION ABROAD (This page is UNCLASSIFIED) Approved For Release 2003/09/10 : CIA-RDP96-00788R001300020001-6
Approved For Release 2003/09F4d ECIA-RDP96-00788R001300020001-6 ST-CS-01-169-22 July 1972 9. (C) Most Soviet literature, as was mentioned previously, dealing with SD experiments is related to the space effort. The purpose for discussing some of the Soviet views above was to illustrate the rather mundane work that they report in the open literature. The more interesting aspect is their awareness and apparent concentration on Western literature as is evidenced by the Kosmolinskiy report. The Soviets don't 80 so far as to condem the Western approach, but seem to be quick to point out. the differences from their approach which is reported to be not as severe. Based on early reports on "confessions" and "brainwashing" in communist countries, it would be naive not to assume that the Soviets do not have a clear conception of the effects of sensory deprivation. Based also on their work in certain areas such as the biological and mental effects of light and sound it should be assumed that the capability for the application of SD in field situations exists. Perhaps Kosmolinskiy gave himself away when he stated that experiments show that isolation and sensory depri- vation create complex physiological and psychological reactions in the human organism. Measures must be developed to prevent these disorders, which can involve several physiological systems and lead to a decrease in his capacity for work and other psycho- logical manifestations. Zubek's (282) work of 1969 indicated that a prolonged period of perceptual deprivation and confinement can produce, in most cases, a considerable disturbance of brain- wave activity. Zubek in concluding his report said, "In the light of these results, one can only wonder about the possible physiological and psychological state of prisoners of war and others who, in the past, have been isolated for months or even years," 10. (S/CD/NDA) There appears to be a lack of Soviet literature, outside of aerospace problems, that can be directly. related to controlling or influencing behavior in the context that is ad- dressed in this report. A 1970 report (291) mentions B. Lomov who is the president of the USSR Psychological Association. While attending the 4th International Congress of Ergonomics. in France. in 1970, Lomov mentioned that he was currently working on problems. of sensory deprivation; however, he would not elaborate on the subject. B. Lomov is located at the Institute of Psychology where. he has his own laboratory (Laboratory of Sensory Processes). which is separate from the Scientific Research Institute of Psychology, Moscow State University. Because of where Lomov is. employed, coupled with his academic background and his failure to elaborate on his SD work, it was believed to be of importance and surveillance of his work, if possible, should be worthwhile. A second Soviet researcher whose work borders on controlled behavior is Y. Il'in (292). 104 CONTROLLED DISSEMINATION NO DISSEMINATION ABROAD SECRET
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Approved For Release 2003 (PA LPT ERI ADP 96-00788R001300020001-6 ST-CS-01-169-72 July 1972 PART X ELECTROMAGNETIC EFFECTS 1. (U) Over a span of years which exceeds that of a century, numerous researches and observations have been conducted and published on the physiological and psychological effects of elec- tric fields. As Davis (293) has stated in his exhaustive review of the subject, not much of substance has derived from all the attention which has been paid to the physiological effects on living organisms of placing them in environments which have been changed by manipulating one or more electromagnetic parameters. Somewhat more in the way of positive findings has been published as they relate to the psychological effects. There appears to be more literature from Soviet sources than from Western sources concerning the effects of electromagnetic fields on the central nervous system. 2. (U) A question was raised concerning the possible hazard to personnel working with a device which generated very high field density electromagnetic pulses. Of particular concern was the possibility that people working on an object which was to be sub- jected to the pulse might themselves receive the energy by virtue of a premature triggering or some other mischance. The generator created an electromagnetic field in the form of a pulse which had a duration of 3 x 1079 sec, at a voltage of 1.0 megavolt. In essence, a Van de Graaf generator was used to charge a bank of high capacity condensers. The condensers were discharged into a load consisting of an array of aerial wires so that a high potential difference was caused to exist between them and a grounded metal mesh plate beneath. With the breakdown of the air dielec- tric an intense pulsed field was created. On one occasion when the generator was being tested after its erection, a bird flew under the aerial wires just as it was pulsed. The bird fell from the sky and flopped about in a rather disorganized way for a minute or so. It then appeared to regroup all those things which birds must have in order to fly, and flew off about its avian business apparently none the worse for the experience. This inci- dent was unsettling to those working with the generator, so a search was made in the literature for something germane which would indicate whether or not a hazard to operating personnel existed. This literature search was reported by Hirsch et al (294). According to Hirsch, not very much was found except for a paper by Salvingnac et al (1967) which related to the psychomotor disturbances in air crews*when their airplanes were struck by lightning. The density of the electromagnetic fields to which these people were exposed 107 CONFIDENTTAL (This page is UNCLASSIFIED) Approved For Release 2003/09/10 : CIA-RDP96-00788R001300020001-6
Approved For Release 2000Nfel IHN TG ALRDP96-00788R001300020001-6 $T-CS-01-169-72 July 1972 was probably of the same order of magnitude and duration as was that associated with the EMP generator, since a lightning bolt generates a cylindrical electromagnetic field of about 10 mega- volts at its center with the density decreasing toward the periphery. The duration is about 6 microseconds. Salvingnac described the psychomotor disturbances as a "slowing of thought processes and psychomotor reactions" from which the people recovered within a brief period apparently without permanent damage, 3. (C) The above information concerning pulsed electromagnetic energy could have behavior implications just as the photic-flicker- "experiments" described in PART VI could have. The "slowing of thought processes and psychomotor reactions" could lead to behavioral changes effecting the ability of an individual to perform a critical task such as piloting an aircraft. It cannot be determined if the report mentioned above initiated or accelerated Soviet research in the area of the psychological or behavior effects of electromagnetic energy. Since the early 1960s, the Soviets have been publishing reports on the effects of electromagnetic and magnetic fields on the central nervous system of animals. Although the Soviet reports do not contain specific reference to effects on humans, the data would give one the impression that they have. extensive knowledge of the subject as it might apply to humans. 4, (U) One of the more outstanding publications from the: Soviet Union is a book prepared by Yu. Kholodov (295). The book is a compilation of Soviet and Western work in the area of electromagnetic effects on the central nervous system. The bibliography to the book contains 455 entries. A large portion of the text directs itself to the subject of the changes in conditioned reflexes and sensitivity to light in birds, rabbits, and fish. The effects-of ultrahigh and superhigh frequencies on the electrical activity of the rabbit brain is extensively discussed. A report on constant magnetic fields is also presented. Although the book addresses physiological responses, it points out that the Soviets have considerable knowledge and a keen interest in the field of electromagnetic energies, 5. (U) The UCLA Brain Information Service in Los Angeles is a bibliographic collector of information which is pertinent to this discussion. The service has compiled an extensive biblio- graphic list on the biological effects of electromagnetic fields (below visible frequencies) especially’ on the central nervous system. The list contains many Soviet references. However, the list is constructed around research that addresses the physiological aspects and not the psychological or behavior effects (296). 108. CONFIDENTIAL
Approved For Release 200 BAAR ERENT PAIROP96-00788R001300020001-6 ST-CS-01-169-72 July 1972 6. (U) A Soviet review article concerning the effects of superhigh frequency (wavelength of from one millimeter to one meter) on the central nervous system is worth incorporation into this report. Although the work is primarily physiological, it is meaningful because it contains some of the important areas of interest to the Soviets and could be correlated to Soviet work with other frequen- cies. Kholodov (297) reports that the effect of SHF on the functions of the central nervous system is of particular interest. So far, few studies have dealt with this subject. Kholodov contends that foreign investigators (chiefly American) use an SHF field with an intensity on the order of tens of watts/sq cm, which results in a considerable heating of the brain (above 40 degrees C). Depending upon the duration of the radiation, mice and rabbits have stopped eating for some time, or have made spasmodic movements, and even died. Post-mortem examination of the animals have shown that the action of the powerful SHF field has resulted in destruction of the brain cells. Especially extensive destruction has been observed in the inter-brain and mid-brain. When the head of a monkey is exposed to a strong SHF field, the animal behaves normally for the first minute or two, and then covers his eyes and starts to go to sleep. But a minute later he wakes up; the rate of respira- tion increases; the pupils dilate despite the bright illumination; and there is a heavy secretion of saliva. After some time the monkey begins to shake with convulsions and utter cries. If the radiation is discontinued, by the following day the monkey in no way differs from other monkeys who have not been exposed to radiation. If exposure is continued, the animal dies after a few minutes. Experiments have shown that when men or animals are exposed to radiation, there is a change in the sensitivity to sound, light, and olfactory stimuli. A study of the receptors in the skin, the gastrointestinal system, and the circulatory system has shown slight changes in them after exposure to the action of SHF. Conse- quently, the SHF field can act on the first link in the reflex arc. At the same time, SHF may act directly on the central nervous system. On the other hand, the appearance of slow waves in the record of the biological currents of the cerebral cortex, the inhibition of reflex activity, and the appearance of various vegetative reactions indicate action of the SHF field on the inter- brain, where the higher vegetative centers are located. The data from physiological experiments check very well with the results from morphological investigations. After exposure to SHF, rever- sible structural changes were observed in the cerebral cortex and in the inter-brain. It may be assumed that those areas of the brain are the most sensitive to the action of an SHF field, although if the intensity or duration of the action is increased, other 109 CONFIDENTIAL (This page is UNCLASSIFIED) Approved For Release 2003/09/10 : CIA-RDP96-00788R001300020001-6
Approved For Release 2QQHBSDENT GlA-RDP96-00788R001300020001-6 ST-CS-01-169~72 July 1972 parts of the central nervous system will also participate in the reaction. Kholodov concludes by stating that only further experi- ments will help us to explain the mechanism of the direct action of an SHF field of nonthermal intensity. But it can already be stated that these effects can be produced by an electromagnetic field other than one of super-high frequency. 7. (U) Although Kholodov's article is early 1960, it points out the interests the Soviets had over a decade ago; for that matter, Vasilev was working with electromagnetic radiation in the 1930s in his investigations of the transport methods for ESP. It is evident that the effects of electromagnetic frequencies below visible light on man are of interest to the Soviets. Kholodov states that there is a change in the sensitivity in man to sound, light, and olfactory stimuli. One can only make certain guesses as to the possible relationship in Soviet research between electro- magnetic radiation effects and behavioral respogses to other stimuli that they are working with. 8. (C) Christian (298) reports that the Soviet use of infrared to cause gross damage to human targets is conjectural. However, Christian in his report states that studies are being conducted in the USSR which would lead one to conclude that infrared is being considered as an anti-personnel weapon. Temporary blindness, even of long duration, does not endanger the eye and yet is quite serious when it alters the behavioral response of pilots or sentries to their mission. Despite an extensive review of Soviet literature on the effect of infrared radiation on humans, Christian could find no reports on psychological effects. There was only one report on behavior effects of infrared radiation. A report by Dul'dier (299) states that a temporary loss of work capacity among workers in hot shops, such as foundries, is directly related to the dose of infrared received. He found somewhat surprisingly, that temporary loss in working capacity is found more frequently with younger workers, those on the job less than five years, than the more experienced workers. 9. (U) One report has appeared in the Soviet literature relating to the behavior effects of ultraviolet radiation. A study by Al'bitskaya (30G) seems to show that ultraviolet radiation can show a decrease in the latent period of speech reaction during association testing. Al'bitskaya studied the effect of 136-400nm ultraviolet radiation on 15-16 year-old technical school students as measured by their response in a conditioned reflex situation and the length of the latent period in motor and speech reactions. 110 CONFIDENTIAL
Approved For Release 200 FORT PENT AROP96-00788R001300020001-6 ST-CS-01-169-72 July 1972 . She concludes that the response system based on speech is more excitable than the response system based on sensory perception since it can be stimulated by ultraviolet radiation. 10. (U) Low frequency electromagnetic fields have been found by Kevanishvili and Zhgenti to generate sonic and ultrasonic oscillations in living organisms (301). These oscillations produce elastic deformations in the organism. If the frequency of the outside field corresponds to the oscillation frequency of the cells, the latter deteriorate as the result of the mechanical resonance. 11. (U) More recently, research at the Riga Medical Institute has shown that high-tension static electrical fields affect the neurohumoral regulatory systems (301). Work is now apparently underway that is investigating the possibility of an effect of strong electrical fields as the energy balance of living objects at this institute. 12. (U) Sweeney (302) has prepared a study on the biological effects of electromagnetic radiation in the range of 3 to 300,000 mHz. The study covers research in the Eurasian communist countries. This exhaustive report again contains primarily information on the effects of electromagnetic radiation as it applies to physiological responses, not psychological or behavioral. 13. (C) Since almost all of the Soviet data on electromagnetic radiation (below visible) applies to physiological response, one can only imply that they have substantial knowledge of the psycho- logical effects. Even if psychological or behavioral research is under way in the USSR, it is doubtful that they would publish it. There have been certain indications in the past that the Soviets may be actively engaged in weapons research employing elect ro- magnetic radiation. Doctor V.V. Meriakri, the Director of the Institute of Radio Engineering and Electronics of the Soviet Academy of Sciences stated during an early 1969 visit to the United States, that he is studying the radiation absorption ties of biological fluids SG1 lt is impossible to assess the truth of this assertion on the basis of ths information alone. Much more information about Meriakri and hisresearch organization is needed. 111 (Reverse Blank) CONFIDENTIAL Approved For Release 2003/09/10 : CIA-RDP96-00788R001300020001-6
Approved For Release 20034] ASSIAL RAP 96-00788R001300020001-6 ST-CS—01~-169-72 July 1972 APPENDIX I PERSONNEL AND INSTITUTES CURRENT EVENTS PART A — Affiliation Known Serbsky Central Scientific Research Institute of Forensic Psychiatry, Moscow, USSR LUNTS, D.R. (possible KGB Colonel) MALTSEVA, M,M. MARTYNENKO (fnu) MOROZOV, G.V. (Director) PECHERNIKOVA (fnu) TABANOVA (fnu) TALTSE (fnu) TUROVA, Z.G. The Republican Hospital of the City of Riga, Latvian SSR KRASNYANSKY, O.A. MARKIS, L.A. RUSINOVA, Z.G. Skvortsov-Stepanov Psycho-Neurological Hospital Number Three, Leningrad, USSR BROVERMAN, L.B. SHCHERBATOV (fnu) SVETLANOVA, N.K. KGB BERYOZOVSKY (fnu) Chernyakhovsk Hospital (Chernyakhovsk, formerly the East Prussian town of Insterburg) BELOKOPYTOV (MAJOR) Prison Commandant (fnu) 113 UNCLASSIFIED Approved For Release 2003/09/10 : CIA-RDP96-00788R001300020001-6
Approved For Release 206K bE pro. F Uil_RDP96-00788R001300020001-6 ST-CS-01-169-72 July 1972 PART B - Affiliation Unknown ALEKSEYEVNA, T. DETENGOF, F.F. (Tashkent, Uzbek SSR) KUZNETSOVA, E.I. NIKOLAYEVICH, L. PART C — Important Institutes - No Personalities Available VLADIMIR PRISON ( 100 miles east of Moscow) ORYOL PSYCHIATRIC HOSPITAL (170 miles southwest of Moscow) BUTYRKA PRISON (Hospital Section), Moscow, USSR SOVIET PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY - RESEARCH PART A - Affiliation Known Department of Psychology, Moscow State University KONOVALOV, V.F. KRINCHIK, E.P. LURIA, A.R. TIKHOMLROV, O.K. VASILYEVA, V.M. VORONIN, L.G. Military Medical Academy (Leningrad) BODROV, V.A. Naval Medical Academy SHASTIN, N.R. Sechenov Institute (Leningrad) FADAYEVA, D.K. TRAUGOTT, N.N. Pavlov Institute of Physiology (Leningrad) ANOKHIN, P.K. KOLTZOVA, M.M. ROGOVENKO, Ye.S. ROKOTOVA, N.A. 114 UNCLASSIFIED
Approved For Release 2003/98] ASE AT BAP96-00788R001300020001-6 Leningrad ST-—CS-01-169-72 July 1972 State University GALUNOV, V.1. GUBINSKIY, A.I. LIVSHITS, V.A. USSR Academy of Medical Sciences (Leningrad) Institute BEKHTEREVA, N.P. BUDASHEVSKY, B.G. ORLOV, V.A. of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology (Moscow) ALEKSEYEV, M.A. ASLANOV, A.S. ARATYIAN, E.A. LIVANOV, M.N. (Chief) NAPALKOV, A.V. RUSINOV, V.S. SIMONOV, P.V. YERSHOV, P.M. USSR Academy of Sciences (Moscow) Institute BASHKIROV, 0.A. BOGACHENKO, L.S. BRIKS, Z.N. FELBAUM, A.I. FUFLYGINA, T.P. GERASIMCHUK, V.A. TVANOV-SMOLENSKY, A.G. KORBATOV, B.M. MASLENNIKOVA, V.M. MUCHNIK, I.B. NARODITSKAIA, G.D. NOVIK, I.B. SEREDINA, M.I. SHITL'MAN, E.V. STROKHINA, T.V. of Psychology, Academy of Pedagogical Sciences (Moscow) BOYOKO, E.I. CHUPERIKOVA, N.I. EL'KONEN, D.B. ISTOMINA, Z.M. 115 UNCLASSIFIED Approved For Release 2003/09/10 : CIA-RDP96-00788R001300020001-6
Approved For Release 200H/0bAfD1 El DRDP96-00788R001300020001-6 ST-CS-01-169-72 July 1972 LEONT'YEV, A.N. LOMOV, B.F. NEBYLITSYN, V.D. OSHANIN, D.A. SAMOKHVALOVA, V.I. SHVARTZ, L.A. SMIRNOV, A.A. TEPLOV, B.M. USHKOVA, T.N. ZAPOROZHETS, A.V. Pavlov Hospital (Leningrad) LEBEDEN, B.A. Soviet Academy of Medicine, Institute of Psychiatric Research SHCHIRINA, M.G. SNEZHNEVSKIY, A.V. VARTANTAN, M. PART B - Affiliation Unknown SVYADOSHCH, A.M, (Karaganda) PARAPSYCHOLOGY - USSR PART A - Affiliation Known Department of Physics, State Instrument Engineering College of Moscow NAUMOV, E.K. VALUS, N.A, Bio-Information Section, A.S. Popov All-Union Scientific and Technical Society of Radio Technology and Electrical Communications, Moscow KOGAN, I. Physiology of Labor Laboratory, University of Leningrad PAVLOVA, L. A.A. Uktomskii Physiological Institute, Leningrad SERGEYEV, G.A. 116 UNCLASSIFIED
Approved For Release 2003611155 GHAHRDP96-00788R001300020001-6 ST-CS-01-169-72 July 1972 Institute of Physiology, Tbilisi BACKURADZE, A. (Director) Laboratory of Psychopharmacology, Bekhterev Scientific Research Psychoneurological Institute, Leningrad LAPIN, I.P. Laboratory of Pharmacology of the Nervous System, Institute of Pharmacology, USSR Academy of Medical Sciences RAYEVSKIY, K.S. ZAKUSOV, V.V. Institute of Normal and Pathological Physiology, Moscow ANOKHIN, P.K. LIGHTS AND COLOR AS A MEANS OF ALTERING HUMAN BEHAVIOR Affiliation Known Military-Medical Academy imeni $.M. Kirov, Leningrad KOZHEVNIKOV, Ye.P. Medical Institute imeni $.V. Kurashov, Kazan AMIROV, N.Kh. KALPINA, G.A. KAMCHATNOV, V.P. MENDELEVICH, D.M. ZUBAIROVA, G.O. Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, USSR Academy of Sciences, Moscow BAGDONAS, A. DAUROVA, F.K. LALAYAN, A.A. POLYANSKY, V.B. SOKOLOV, E.N. VALTSEV, V.B. 120 UNCLASSIFIED
Approved For Release 2003/0 ADE AT RRAPE-00788R001300020001-6 §T-CS-01-169-72 July 1972 Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Medical Sciences, USSR, Leningrad DANILOV, I,V. KUDRYAVISEVA, N.N. Institute of Child and Juvenile Physiology, USSR Academy of Pedagogical Sciences, Moscow FRID, G.M. ODORS AND THE ALTERING OF HUMAN BEHAVIOR PART A - Affiliation Known Scientific Research Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Kiev NEDOPEKIN, T.K. PORTNYAGINA, V.A. STOLYARENKO, L.G. VASILYEVA, Ye.V. PART B - Affiliation Unknown BELKOV, A.N. KLIMENKO, A.I. SENSORY DEPRIVATION (non-aerospace) Institute of Medical and Biological Problems, Moscow IL'IN, Y. Laboratory of Sensory Processes, Scientific Research Institute of Psychology, Moscow LOMOV, B. ELECTROMAGNETIC EFFECTS Scientific Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Riga KIKUT, R. 121 UNCLASSIFIED Approved For Release 2003/09/10 : CIA-RDP96-00788R001300020001-6
Approved For Release Nb ahew4 6 If)a-RDP96-00788R001 300020001-6 ST-CS-01-169-72 July 1972 Division of Clinical Biophysics, Medical Institute, Riga PORTNOV, F. Ivanovo-Frankovsk Medical Institute LAZAROVICH, V.G. Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Academy of Sciences USSR, Moscow KHOLODOV, Yu.A. Institute of Radio Engineering and Electronics of the Soviet Academy of Sciences MERIAKRI, V.V. 122 UNCLASSIFIED
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Approved For Release 2003/09/10 ‘IERRPP96-00788R001300020001-6 ST-CS-01--169-—72 July 1972 APPENDIX It FUTURE TRENDS 1. (S/NFD) It is now apparent that the ideological stigmas attached to parapsychological phenomena have been breached in the Soviet Union. Although serious studies of psi have been going on in the USSR since the 1920s, it has only been since 1962 that researchers such as L. Vasilev have been allowed to publish their work. In 1971, however, the open literature and the open exchange of ideas between the USSR and the West halted. During the next fifteen years it is expected that the Soviets will energetically pursue all aspects of parapsychology. With party approval and with the large sums of money allocated in the late 1960s, it is inconceivable that the work has stopped. It is believed that certain military applications have been dis- covered and that by 1980, the Soviets will have mastered some aspects of psi phenomena in order to alter human behavior. 2. (S/NFD) The Soviets are concentrating on the development of psycho-warfare agents. One of the more recent areas appear to lie in the development or isolation of marine toxins. The Serbsky Institute of Forensic Psychiatry in Moscow is one such facility shown to have interest in psychotropic substances to include LSD, tranquilizers, and marine toxins. It is believed that the search for new "mindbending" agents will continue in the USSR. Close scrutiny of the literature, etc., especially in marine toxin research is imperative. 3. (S/NFD) Based on exhaustive searches of Soviet literature, it is now apparent that the USSR has initiated research into the behavicr of insects and animals (possibly human) that is related to pheromones. The technological base is available in the USSR (and elsewhere) which could allow immediate behavioral exploitation of certain insect and animal populations. The use of certain ' pheromones that cause a gathering of animals to a certain location and release of their aggressive behavior would cause immediate disruption and confusion, and depending on the insect or animal, even death to military mits at the focal points of infestation. It is extremely Likely that given five to ten years of further research, the Soviets will have the means as well as countermeasures for the military employment of pheromones. 125 NO FOREIGN DISSEMINATION Approved For Release 2003/09/10 : CIA-RDP96-00788R001300020001-6
Approved For Release 2003/QB(FFT CIA-RDP96-00788R001300020001-6 ST-CS-01-169-72 July 1972 4. (S/NFD) The Soviets, it appears, have already experimented with the use of flashing lights and colored lights for the purpose of eliciting behavioral change in human targets. There is literature available that reports on Soviet work involved in the interactions of sound, light, and olfactory stimuli in humans. The possibility already exists that the USSR has systems for the use of flickering lights in the field. It can now be assessed that in the next 15 years, they may develop a system that alters behavior by combining two or more systems e.g. sound and light together, to mask the use of the principal weapon e.g. the admini- stration of a pheromone or a psychotropic compound. 126 NO FOREIGN DISSEMINATION
Approved For Release 2003/0944) Ae RYPH}96 -00788R001300020001-6 ST-CS-—01-169--72 July 1972 APPENDIX IV THE "1961 DIRECTIVES” (U) Directives on the Immediate Hospitalization of Persons Mentally fll Who are a Social Danger, Practice of Forensic Psychiatric Diagnosis, Research Handbook No. 6, under the editorship of G.V. Morozov, Ministry of Health of the USSR, Serbsky Central Research Institute of Forensic Psychiatry of the USSR, Moscow, 1962. Confirmed by the deputy minister of health of the USSR, I Kochergin, October 10, 1961. Number 04-14 32. Affirmed for Procurator of the USSR, by Deputy General Procu- rator of the USSR, A. Mishutin, October 10, 1961. Affirmed for the Ministry of Intermal Affairs of the RSFSR, by the Deputy Minister of Internal Affairs of the RSFSR, P. Romashkov, October 9, 1961. In a number of instances the necessity for prevention of dangerous actions of persons mentally i11 requires their immediate hospita- lization in psychiatric institutions. In accordance with this: 1. If there is a clear danger from a person mentally ill to those around him or to himself the health organs have the right (by way of immediate psychiatric assistance) to place him in a psychiatric hospital without the consent of the person who is ill or his relatives or guardians. 2. In the psychiatric institution within 24 hours the sick person hospitalized must be examined by a special committee composed of three doctor-psychiatrists, which considers the question of correctness of hospitalization and determines the necessity for further presence in the hospital. The closest relatives are informed of the hospitalization of the sick person. 3. The basic indication for obligatory hospitalization is the social danger of the sick person as conditioned by the following particular features of his sick condition: a. Psychomotor excitation with a tendency towards aggressive actions; b. Deviant conduct accompanied by psychiatric disorder (hallucinations, deliriums, a syndrome of mental automatisn, 127 UNCLASSIFIED Approved For Release 2003/09/10 : CIA-RDP96-00788R001300020001-6
Approved For Release 2003/; : -RDP96-00788R001300020001-6 CENFIDENTTA ST-CS—-01-169-72 July 1972 SG1 (1) The factors of mass de-structuration and of unstruc- turation; that is, the circumstances under which groups of individuals (masses), become unorientated (not disorientated) masses. Studies show that these masses can be manipulated 100 percent, as a result of de-structuration. (2) The factors governing the unstructured mass resonance; i.e., public opinion (PO); the excitement threshold of public opinion, its latency period and, as a link between the two, its chronaxia (latency period of the double excitement threshold). See Figure 1. (3) The types of unstructured mass resonance (public opinion), which range from latent undemonstrated sympathy and/or antipathy, to extreme turbulence and, in the final degree, to massive demonstra~ tions of violence. (4) The short-term and long-term memory of public opinion (PO), in relation to events, and its engrammation. SG1 135 NO FOREIGN DISSEMINATION CONFIDENTIAL Approved For Release 2003/09/10 : CIA-RDP96-00788R001300020001-6
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Approved For Release 2003/09/10 : CIA-RDP96-00788R001300020001-6 CONFIDENTIAL ST-CS-01-169-72 July 1972 J TINTENSITY Dovere EACITEMENT THRESHOL ee ee ese 0 t LATENCY PERIOD <— CHRONAXIA —> Figure 1 (C) Chart of Publio Opinion Resonance 142 NO FOREIGN DISSEMINATION CONFIDENTIAL Approved rortccase 0s T0  ClA DEUS 0 SoRUC TSC s00U he
Approved For Release 2008 NCL A : Sia P96-00788R001300020001-6 NCLASS! ST-CS-01-169-72 July 1972 APPENDIX Vi MILAN RYZL Biocummunications (Parapsychology) Scientist 1. (U) Doctor Milan Ryzl is an international authority on para~ psychology, who has lectured widely both in the United States and in Europe. Doctor Ryzl, educated in Czechoslovakia, was a member of the Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences in Prague and was a leading figure in the application of scientific methods to the study of parapsychology. After he arrived in the United States, he worked with Doctor J.B. Rhine at the Institute of Parapsychology in Durham, North Carolina. There Doctor Ryzl was especially noted for his original research on the influence of hypnosis on ESP. 2. (VU) Doctor Ryzl has taught parapsychology at San Diego State College and is currently a professor of parapsychology at San Jose State University. He is a member of and has founded para- psychological and psychical research groups in Europe and in the United States. Doctor Ryzl's primary efforts in this field have been to document a case for parapsychology by means of highly refined and systematized scientific methods. He published his results in, Parapsychology: A Scientific Approach (Hawthom Books, 1970). In his work, Doctor Ryzl presents indisputable and thoroughly documented evidence that psychic phenomena exist and scientifically examines the full range of psychic phenomena by evaluating experi- mental evidence derived from laboratory controlled testing. 3. (U) Doctor Ryzl is also well-known as a reviewer and analyst of parapsychology developments and trends in Easter Europe. He has frequently published reviews and commentaries on parapsycho- logical works from behind the Iron Curtain. One such is Telepatie A Jasnovidnost (Telepathy and Clairvoyance), by Doctor Z. Rejdak. Doctor Ryzl's review of this book was published in the July-August 1971 edition of the Parapsychology Review. 143 (Reverse Blank) UNCLASSIFIED Approved For Release 2003/09/10 : CIA-RDP96-00788R001300020001-6
Approved For Release 2003/09/10 : CIA-RDP96-00788R001300020001-6 UNCLASSIFIED ST-CS-01-169-72 July 1972 BIBLIOGRAPHY 1. Congressional Record, 92nd Congress of the United States, Volume 117, Number 176, 17 November 1971, Washington, DC. CU) 2. Shallice, T. and Wall, P., Interrogation Question, New Scientist, UK, Volume 52, Number 773, p. 67, 9 December 1971. (JU) 3. Psychologist Says Detainees in Ulster Undergo Torture, The New York Times, 9 January 1972. (U) 4. Biderman, A.D. and Zimmer, H., The Manipulation of Human Behavior, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York-London, 323 pp., 1961. (U) 5. Medvedev, Z.A. and Medvedev, R.A., A Question of Madness, The New York Times Magazine, 7 November 1971. (U) 6. Department of State Airgram, CA-5185, 15 November 1971. (Cc) 7. Reddaway, P., Plea to West on Soviet "Mad-house” Jails, The London Times, 12 March 1971. (U) 8. Ibid, Save Ex-Soviet General, The London Times, 2 May 1971. (WU) 9, Ibid, Soviet Group's Plea to Psychiatrists, The London Times, 23 October 1971. (U) 10. Jensen, H., Soviet Dissenter Speaks Out, The Washington Post 17 May 1970. (CU) ll. Shabad, T., Two Dissidents in Soviet Prison Hospital Charge Drugs are Used to Change Beliefs of Political Prisoners, The New York Times, 18 March 1971. (U) 12. Reston, R., Russian Use of Drugs to Curb Dissent Told, The ‘London Times (no date). (U) 13. Goodman, L.S. and Gilman, A., The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 4th edition, The Macmillian Company, New York, pp. 155-170, 1970. (UW) 14. Brumberg, A., How Russia Uses Asylums to Kill Dissent, The Washington Post, 18 October 1971. (U) 145 UNCLASSIFIED Approved For Release 2003/09/10 : CIA-RDP96-00788R001300020001-6
ee ree ee Oe a Approved For Release 2003/09/10 : CIA-RDP96-00788R001300020001-6 UNCLASSIFIED ST-CS-01-169-72 July 1972 i5. Directives on the Immediate Hospitalization ‘of Persons Mentally fll Who are a Social Danger, Practice of Forensic Psychiat ric Diagnosis, Research Handbook Number Six, Morozov, G.V., Editor Ministry of Health, USSR, Serbsky Central Research Institute of - Forensic Psychiatry of the USSR, 1962. (wu) 16. Chalidze, V.N., Concerning Compulsory Commitment to Psychiatric Hospitals, Moscow (in samizdat), May-June 1970, MIO Number Five, ST~C5-—01-169-72. (ww) 17. Outpatient Forenic-Psychiatric Examination of Yakhimovich, I.A., The Neurological Center of the City of Riga, 1 April 1969, MIO Number Three, ST-CS-01-169-72. (U) 18. Report Number 96, Inpatient Forensic-Psychiatric Examination of Yakhimovich, I.A., Psychiatric Section of Investigation Department, Number One, City of Riga, 3 June 1969. (Uv) 19. Report Number 33, Inpatient Forensic-Psychiat ric Examination of Yakhimovich, I.A., Central Scientific Research Institute (Serbsky . Institute) of Forensic Psychiatry, 12 January 1970. (WU) 20. Volpin, A., Novoye Russkoye Slovo, New York, 10 June 1968. (U) 21. . Report Number 575, Skvortsov-Stepanov Psycho-Neurological Hospital, Leningrad, 14 October 1969. (U) 22. Conclusion of a Commission Presided Over by the (Moscow) City Psychiatrist I.K. Yanushevsky, 19 November 1969, MIO Number Two, ST-CS-01-169-72. (WU) 23. Report Number 28/S, The Forensic-Psychiatric. Examination of N.E. Gorbanevskaya, 6 April 1970. (WU) 24. Gorbanevskaya, N.E., Letters from the Butyrka Prison (Moscow), 1970, MIO Number One, ST-CS-01-169-72, (U) 25. Fainberg, V., Appeal to Human Rights Organization, July 1970, MIO Number Four, ST~CS-01-169-72. (U) 26. Report Numbe 40, The Outpatient Forensic-Psychiatric Diagnosis of P.G. Grigorenko, KGB Report, 18 August 1969. (U) 27. Report Number 59/S, An Inpatient Forensic-Psychiatric Diagnosis of P.G. Grigorenko, Serbsky Scientific Research Institute, 19 November 1969. (v) 146 UNCLASSIFIED eer
Approved For Release 2003/09/10 ; CJA-RDP96-00788R001300020001-6 RCLASSIFIED §T-CS-01-169-72 July 1972 28. Kallistratova, S.B., Petition to the Tashkent City Court in Defense of P.G. Grigorenko, 2 February 1970, MIO Number Six, ST-CS-01-169-72. (U) * 29, Whom the Gods Wish to Destroy, The Economist (International Report), 31 July 1971. (0) 30. Pisarev, S.P., From the Russian Underground, The New York Times, 6 July 1971. (U) 31. Shabad, T., Soviet Denies Charges on Dissidents, The New York Times, 24 October 1971. (U) 32. Izvestiya, Moscow, 24 October 1971. (U) 33. Ortiz, F., Snezhnevskiy Interviewed at Psychiatric Meeting, Excelsior, Spanish, pp. 1, 14, 1 December 1971 (JPRS 54842, 3 January 1972). (U) 34. Gonzales, S., Interviews with Delegates to the Fifth World . Psychiatric Congress, Excelsior, Spanish, pp. 1, 15, 16, 18, 30 November 1971 (JPRS 54778, 23 December 1971). (U) 35. Noble, C.E., Current Psychological Research in the Soviet Union and Sovbloc Countries: Recent Developments in the Theory of Learning and Performance, p. 7, AMD-CR-01-1-70, 15 December 1971. (U) SG1B 38. Noble, C.E., Current Psychological Research in the Soviet Union and Sovbloc Countries: Recent Developments in the Theory of Learning and Performance, p. 27, AMD-CR-01-1-70, 15 December 1970. (U) 39. Persic, N., Psychiatry in the Soviet Union, Lijecnicki Vjesnik (Serbo Croatian), Volume 85, Number 7, pp. 747-758, 1963, (FTD-TT-64-259/1). (0) 40. Fry, J., Medicine in Three Societies, American Elsevier Publishing Co., Inc., New York, 249 pp., 1969. (U) 147 UNCLASSIFIED Approved For Release 2003/09/10 : CIA-RDP96-00788R001300020001-6
SG1B Approved For Release 2003/09/10 : CIA-RDP96-00788R001300020001-6 UNCLASSIFIED ST~CS-01-169-72 July 1972 41. Dyachenko, M.I. and Fedenko, N.F., Military Psychology, Moscow, 259 pp., 1967. (U) 42, Tyurnev, P.T., Moral-Psychological Training of Rear-Zone Troops, Tyl I Snabzhiniye Sovetskikh Vooruzhennykh Sil, Number 8, pp. 19-23, 1969, (J-7296). @ 43. Psychoprephylaxis In the System of Troop Morale~Psychological Preparation, Voyenno-Meditsinkiy Zhurnal, Number 9, pp. 16-19, 1969, (3J-7524). (U) 44, Stolyarenko, A., Psychological Training of Servicemen in the Process of Military Training, Moscow, Kommunist VYooruzhennykh S11, Number 2, pp. 72-76, January 1970 (JPRS 50030, 10 March 1970). (WU) 46. Fulton, J., A Textbook of Physiology, 17th edition, Saunders, Philadelphia, 1955. (U) 47. Johnstone, R.T. and Miller, S.E., Occupational Diseases and Industrial Medicine, Saunders, Philadelphia, 1960. (0) 48. David, Th. A., Derau, J.V., Kornblueh, I.H., McGurke, C.J., and Minehart, J.R., Ionization of the Air; The Sedating Effect of Polarized Air; International Biometeorology Conference, Pro- ceedings of the Second Conference, Volume II, 1962. (WU) 49, Ludwig, H.W., A Hypothesis Concerning the Absorption Mechanism. of Atmospherics in the Nervous System, Intemational Journal of Biometeorology, Volume 12, Number 2, pp. 93-98, 1968.  (U) 50. Hamburger, R.J., On the Influence of Artificial Ionization of the Air on the Oxygen Uptake During Exercise, International Biometeorology Conference, Proceedings of the Second Conference, Volume II, 1962. (0) 51. Bachman, C.H., McDonald, R.D., and Lorenz, P.J., Some Effects of Air Ions on the Activity of Rats, Intermational Journal of Biometeorology, Volume 10, Number 1, pp. 39-46, 1966. (U) 52. Carlson, A.J., Johnson, V., and Cavert, H.M., The Machinery of the Body, 5th edition, Chicago, University of Chicago Press, 1961. (U) 148 UNCLASSIFIED
Approved For Release 2003/09/10 : CIA-RDP96-00788R001300020001-6 UNCLASSIFIED ST-CS-01-169-72 July 1972 128. Salnikov, Ye., The Effect of the Seeing Hands, Trud, Moscow, p. 4, 21 May 1967. (Ww sop [ , 130. Ryzl, M., Parapsychology in Communist Cowtries of Europe, International Journal of Parapsychology, Volume 10, Number 3, 1968. (U) 131. Mitchell, E.D., Jr., The David Frost Show, 16 March 1971. (U) 132. Roshnov, V., Treatment by Hypnosis, Soviet Science Review, July 1970. (WU) 133. Biderman, A.D. and Zimmer, H., The Manipulation of Human Behavior, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York-London, 323 pp., 1961. (WU) 134. Estabrooks, G.H., Hypnotism, E.P. Dutton and Co., Inc., 1959. = (U) 135. Raikov, V., Reincarnation by Hypnosis, Science and Religion, Number 9, 1966. (U) 136. Melenevskiy, I., Psychiatrists’ Work with Hypnosis, Trud, Number 259, P. 3, Cols. 4-7, 3 November 1971. (U). 137. Naumov, E. and Fesenko, R., What We're Working on Now, Science and Religion, September 1966. (U) 138. Theta, Number 15, Durham, N.C., 1966. (U) 139. Borzymowski, A., Parapsychology in Poland, International Journal of Parapsychology, Volume 4, Number 4, 1962. (U) 140. Ryzl, M., Parapsychology in Communist Countries of Europe, International Journal of Parapsychology, Volume 10, Number 3, 1968. (U) 141. Ryzl, M., ESP in Eastern Europe and Russia, Psychic, Volume 1, Numbers 1-2, 1969. (U) B 154 UNCLASSIFIED r Re : . 7
Approved For Release Aa RET CAP ASECOREYO “88RO07 300020001 6 ST-CS-—01-169-72 July 1972 143. Zavalova, N.D., Zukhar, V.P., and Petrov, Yu.A., The Problem of Hypnopedia, Voprosy Psikhologii, Number 2, pp- 98-102, 1964. (U) 144. Zukhar, V. and Pushkina, I., Learning While You Sleep, Moscow News, 25 July 1964. (U) 145. Torzhevskaya, G., Sleeping With Sound, Nauka i Tekhnika, Number 9, 1966. (U) 146. Kulikov, V.N., The Problem of Hypnopedia, Voprosy Psikhologii, Volume 10, Number 2, pp. 87-97, 1964. (U) 147. Zukhar, V.P., Kaplan, Ye.Ya., Maksimov, Yu.A., and Pushkina, I.P., An Experiment on Collective Hypnopedia, Voprosy Psikhologii, Number 1, pp. 143-148, January 1965. (U) 148. Korinteli, I., Hypnopedia Without Sensation, Zarya Vbstoka, p. 4, 26 May 1965. (U) 149. Svyadoshch, A., Hypnopedia, Meditsinskaya gazeta, p- 3, 10 July 1964. (U) 150. Puskina, I. and Sukhar, V., Hypnopedia in the USSR, Literaturnaya gazeta, Pp. 2, 27 February 1965. (WU) 151. Hypnopedia, Its Limits and Possibilities, Truth and Fiction Surrounding It, Tekhnika-Molodizhi, Moscow, Number 11, pp. 26-28, November 1965. (U) 152. Town's Citizens Learn English While Asleep (FOUO), 24 December 1965, FBIS Number 251, 30 December 1965. (FOUO) 153. Smarokova, M., A Thorough Study of Hypnopedia is Recommended, Meditsinskaya gazeta, p. 3, 2 November 1965. (U) 154, Vladziyevskiy, A., Komsomolskaya Pravda, p. 4, cols. 1-5, 11 December 1965. (U) 155. Zheleznov, N., Sovetskaya Moldaviya, p. 4, cols. 3-6, 4 January 1966. (U) 156. Svyadoshch, A.M., On the History of Hypnopedia, Voprosy Psikhologii, Number 3, 1965. (U) 155 FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY Approved For Release 2003/09/10 : CIA-RDP96-00788R001300020001-6