Approved For Release 2000/08/15
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CONTENTS
1. A
STUDY
OF
EFFECT
OF THE
EMITTED
Ql
OF
QIGONG ON HUMAN
CARCINOMA CELLS
Feng Llda et al
2. THE EFFECT OF THE EMITTED Ql ON THE IMMUNE FUNCTIONS OF MICE
Feng Lida et al
3. A STUDY OF THE EFFECT OF THE EMITTED Ql ON THE L12io CELLS OF
LEUKEMIA IN MICE
Feng Llda et al
4. THE CHARACTERISTICS OF HUMAN BRAIN SELF-ORGANIZATION IN THE
QIGONG STATE
Mei 1x1 et al
5. A SYSTEMATIC INVESTIGATION ON THE QIGONG STATE
Yu Hefeng et al
6. AN INVESTIGATION OF PHYSIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS ON QIGONG
EIGEN STATE
7. AN INVESTIGATION ON EEG OF QIGONG EIGEN STATE
Xu Lihua et al
Yan Xiaoxia et al
8* EFFECTS OF THE EMITTED Ql ON HEALING OF EXPERIMENTAL FRACTURE
Jia Lin et al
9. EFFECTS OF THE EMITTED Ql ON ULTRASTRUCTURAL CHANGES OF THE
OVERSTRAINED MUSCLE OF RABBITS
Jla Lin et al
10. THE EFFECT OF THE EMITTED Ql
(EQ)
ON THE SKELETAL MUSCLE OF
MICE
UNDER
THE
STRESS
OF
ICE-SWIMMING
AN
ELECTROMICROSCOPIC OBSERVATION
Lu Danyun et al
11. PHYCHOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF QIGONG
Wang Jisheng
12. A RESEARCH ON FACTORS RELATED TO THE QIGONG STATE
.
Wang Jisheng
13. A PRELIMINARY STUDY OF THE BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF QIGONG
Tang Cimei et al
14. STUDIES
OF
QIGONG
EFFECT
ON
THE
HUMAN
BODY
BY
THE
COMPUTERIZED
SYNCHRONOUS
SYSTEM
FOR
MACRO-AND
MICROCIRCULATORY PARAMETERS MEASUREMENT
Xiu Ruijuan et al
15. EFFECTS OF THE EMITTED Ql ON IMMUNE FUNCTIONS IN ANIMALS
'
Li Caixi et al
16. A
STUDY
OF
THE
INFLUENCE
OF
QIGONG
ON
INTELLIGENCE OF THE AGED
17. THE EFFECT OF THE EMITTED Ql REPREFUSION INJURY
THE
DECLINED
Sun Fuli et al
OF MYOCARDIUM
Qigong Science Institute,
18. A
Beijing College of Traditional Chinese Medicine
STUDY OF THE IMMUNE REGULATION EFFECT OF THE EMITTED Ql ON
IMMUNOSUPPRESSED ANIMAL MODEL
Zhang Li et al
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19. THE EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES OF THE EFFECT OF THE
MOUSE SPLEEN CELLS AND TUMOR CELLS IN VITRO
20. AN EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH ON THE NERVAL
MEC.T1
QIGONG STATE AND THE EFFECTS OF THE EMITTED QI
Liu
HA.
21. THE INFLUENCE OF THE EMITTED QI ON THE AUDIT
EVOKED
RESPONSES
(ABER)
AND
AUDITORY
Ml
EVOKED RESPONSES (MLR) IN CATS
22. A PRELIMINARY EXPLORATION OF THE NEURAL MEC
QIGONG STATE BASED ON THE METHOD OF AUDITORY
23. THE
EFFECT
OF
THE
EMITTED
QI
AND
INFRASoM
SOMATOSENSORY EVOKED
POTENTIAL
(SEP)
AND
RESPONSE (SVR)
24. AN INVESTIGATION OF THE BIOLOGICAL EFFECT OF THe|
QIGONG WITH FLUORESCENCE PROBES
25. AN OBSERVATION OF THE POWER SPECTRUM AND TOP
IN THE QIGONG STATE
26. THE EFFECT OF DIFFERENT QIGONG EXERCISES ON EEG
THE COMPUTER ANALYSIS-
27. EEG COHERENCE AND TOPOGRAPHY IN SUPPERQUIESCEN’
Liu
W
3o<b
28. AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF FAST WITH QIGONG EXER(jl
]
29. MOLECULAR BIOLOGICAL EFFCTS OF THE EMITTED QI ON
30. INFLUENCE OF ELECTRICAL LESION OF THE PERIAQUEf
(PAG) ON ANALGESIC EFFECT OF THE EMITTED QI IN R.
Yang
31. ANALGESIC EFFECT OF THE EMITTED QI ON WHITE RATS
32. PRELIMINARY OBSERVATION OF THEINHIBITORY EFFECT
EMITTED QI ON TRANSPLANTED TUMORS IN MICE
33. AN OBSERVATION OF IN VITRO EFFECT OF THE EMITTEdI
PERIPHERAL BLOOD LYMPHOCYTES
34. LOW-DIMENSIONAL CHAOS IN PRACTISING QIGONG -
35. ANTITUMOR METASTASES ACTIVITY OF THE EMITTED
BEARING MICE
.
36. THE EFFECT OF THE EMITTED QI IN ENHANCING THE,
VITRO OF LYMPHOKINES IN RELATION TO ANTITUMOR 4
EMITTED QI ON
Gu Ligang et al
ANISMS OF THE
Guolong et al
t>RY BRAINSTEM
DDLE
LATENCY
Guolong et al
.NISMS OF THE
jEVOKED RESPONSES
Rongqing et al
fIC
SOUND
ON
SLOW VERTEX
|Pen Xueyan et al
EMITTED QI OF
u Rongqing et al
RATHY OF EEG
’an Weixing et al
Manifested by
Qingnian et al
fjr STATE
Wang Wei et al
:ises
0uang Guanghua
*
MAN —
Luo Sen et al
iDUCTAL GRAY
lATS
Kongshun et al
Yang Kongshun
0F THE
Zhao Shan et al
QI ON HUMAN
Ye Ming
Yagu Lin et al
\QI
IN TUMOR-
Cao Xuetao et al
INDUCTION IN
IECHANISMS —
Cfao Xuetao et al
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37. AN OBSERVATION OF T-LYMPHMOCYTES BY ANAE STAINING
IN THE
CLINICAL APPLICATION OF QIGONG
Xu Hefen
38. AN EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN QIGONG
AND CHOLERESIS
— Wang Jialin et al
39. A PRIMARY OBSERVATION ON MICROCIRCULATION OF NAIL FOLD AND
IMMUNOGENICITY AFTER QIGONG PRACTICE FOR SHORT PERIOD
Hong shunhua et al
40. CHANGES
OF
BLOOD
VISCOSITY
AND
RCG
IN
CASES
WITH
CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES AFTER THE QIGONG EXERCISE
Chu Weizong et al
41. A PRELIMINARY STUDY OF THE RELATIONSHEP BETWEEN QIGONG AND
ENERGY METABOLISM
THE CHANGES OF THE BLOOD ATP CONTENT
IN QIGONG MASTERS IN THE QIGONG STATE
Wang Zhengchang et al
42. AN EXPERIMENT OF THE EMITTED QI ON ANIMALS
Liu Tehfu et al
43. A
STUDY
OF
BIOLOGICAL
EFFECT
OF
THE
EMITTED
QI
WITH
TRADESCANTIC PALUDOSA MICRONUCLEAR TECHNIQUE
Sun Silu et al
44. THE EFFECTS OF TAOIST QIGONG ON THE PHOTON EMISSION FROM THE
BODY SURFACE AND CELLS
Liu Yaning et al
45. AN EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH OF QIGONG FOR ANTISENILITY, KEEPING
FIT IN MIDDLE-AGED INTELLECTUALS
Yang Runliang et al
46. AN EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH OF THE CHANGES OF BLOOD VOLUME IN
THE BRAIN AND THE CHANGES OF THE HEART RATE IN THE QIGONG
STATE AND PSI STATE
Wei Shouzhang et al
47. EFFECT OF THE QIGONG EXERCISE ON THE CONTENT OF MONOAMINE
NEURO-TRANSMITTERS IN BLOOD
Liu Binghuai
48. A
PRELIMINARY STUDY ON THE CARDIAC
FUNCTIONAL
POTENTIAL
EVOKED BY THE QIGONG EXERCISE
Bao Guojin et al
49. SPECULATION ON THE MEDIA OF QIGONG
Manaka , Yoshio
50. THE DIFFERENCE OF DIRECTION OF QI CIRCULATION IN THE SMALL QI
CYCLE BETWEEN MAN AND WOMAN
Yoshihiko Yayama et al
51. TREATMENT EFFECT AND TENTATIVE WORKING THEORIES OF
AUTONOMOUS QIGONG EXERCISE
Everlyn Fung Lee
52. A STUDY OF STRENGTH FEAT CONCERNING THE HUMAN SELF-CURATIVE
POWER
Wang Chuan-Fu
53. A PRIMARY STUDY OF THE INDUCING FUNCTION OF THE EMITTED QI OF
QIGONG ON THE BIOLOGICAL COMPOSITION OF a-AMYLASE IN WHEAT
SEEDS
Liu Haitao et al
54. EFFECTS OF THE EMITTED QI ON THE SPONTANEOUS DISCHARGES OF
CEREBELLAR NEURONS IN RATS
Yao Yuzhong et al
55. CHANGES OF SKIN TEMPERATURE DURING EMISSION OF QI
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*
Tokuo Ogawa et al
56.
BIOENERGY
STUDY
OF
THE
CHINESE
MERIDIAN
SYSTEM
IN
PHYSIOLOGICAL
CONDITION — AN
OBSERVATION
OF
483
HEALTHY
HUMAN SUBJECTS
*.
Julia J. Tsuei et al
57. EFFECTS
OF
QIGONG
ON
CEREBRAL
BLOOD
FLOW
(CBF)
AND
EXTREMITIC BLOOD FLOW (EBF)
Zhao Baofeng
58. A
CLINICAL AND LABORATORY STUDY OF THE EFFECT OF QIGONG
ANAESTHESIA ON THYROIDECTOMY
Lin Houshen
59. A RESEARCH ON "ANTI-AGING" EFFECT OF QIGONG
Wang Chongxing
60. BENEFICIAL EFFECT OF QIGONG ON IMPROVING THE HEART FUNCTION
AND RELIEVING MULTIPLE CARDIOVASCULAR RISK FACTORS
Wang Chongxing et al
61. CHANGES OF CEREBRAL BLOOD FLOW AND MICROCIRCULATION UNDER
THE QIGONG STATE
Chu Weizong et al
62. A
STUDY
OF
TREARMENT
OF
SENSORINEURAL
HEARING
LOSS
BY
QIGONG
Zhu Jiru et al
63. FURTHER EXPLORATION OF THE MECHANISM OF QIGONG IN TREATING
BRONCHIAL ASTHMA AND CHRONIC BRONCHITIS WITH THE AID OF
SEVERAL NEW TESTING METHODS-
Huang Hua et al
64. A STUDY OF THE EFFECT OF THE EMITTED QI COMBINED WITH SELF-
PRACTICE OF QIGONG IN TREATING PARALYSIS
Huang Meiguang
65. OBSERVATION OF THE THERAPEUTIC EFFECT ON MYOPIA OF TEENAGERS
PRACTISING “RELAXING AND QUIESCENT QIGONG FOR EYES”
Wu Bingjiang et al
66. A CLINICAL OBSERVATION OF QIGONG AS A THERAPEUTIC AID FOR
ADVANCED CANCER PATIENTS
Sun Quizhi et al
67. A CASE OF CEREBROATROPHY CURED BY QIGONG
Zhao Guang et al
68. A CLINICAL OBSERVATION ON THE LIVER AND GALL STONES TREATED
WITH QIGONG
Li Jinzheng
100
69. THE ROLE OF QIGONG AND TAIJIQUAN IN RESPIRATORY REHABILITATION
Sun Yingxing et al
101
70. A CLINICAL STUDY OF CHOLELITHIASIS TREATED BY QIGONG AND EAR-
POINT THERAPIES IN 40 CASES
Ma Shuan
102
71. OBSERVATIONS
OF
THE
CURATIVE
EFFECT
IN
CASES
OF
CHRONIC
ATROPHIC GASTRITIS (CAG) TREATED WITH DAOYING (INDUCING) OR
TUINA (RELEASING/RECEIVING) THERAPY
-
Institute for Industry Health , the
National Mechanical Industry Commission , Shanxi Province,
China
103
72. THE BIDIRECTIONAL INFLUENCE ON THE ELECTROGASTRIC ACTIVITY
IN MAN
Feng Yangzheng et al
105
73. THE BIDIRECTIONAL ADJUSTMENT OF BLOOD PRESSURE AND HEART
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RATE BY DAOYIN-TU1NA ON THE ARTERIEAL BLOOD AND HEART RATE
Qin Chao et al
74. THE ORAL-FACIAL SCAR SOFTENED BY QIGONG THERAPY
Dingxing
75. AN OBSERVATION ON THE RESULTS OF DRUG AND QIGONG THERAPY
FOR CHRONIC RESPIRATORY DISEASES
Li Ziran et al
76. A
GROUP
OBSERVATION
AND
EXPERIMENTAL
RESEARCH
ON
THE
PREVENTION AND TREATMENT OF HYPERTENSION BY QIGONG
Li Ziran et al
77 . OBSERVATIONS ON THE CURATIVE EFFECTS OF THE QIGONG EXERCISE
“SELF-ADJUSTMENT THERAPY” IN HYPERTENSION
Jing Guinian
78. EFFECTS OF QIGONG ON THE RROSTACYCLIN THROMBOXANE BALANCE
IN PATIENTS WITH CORONARY HEART DISEASES
Zhou Shifang et al
79. A PRELIMINARY REPORT ON THE EFFECT OF SELF-CONTROL QIGONG ON
DIABETES MELLITUS
Gi Wu et al
80. ON THE ANTI-TUMOR MECHANISM OF CHINESE QIGONG
Wang Junmel
81. SPONTANEOUS DYNAMIC QIGONG (SDQ) INVOLUNTARY MOTION QIGONG
AND PSYCHOLOGICAL MEDICINE
Wu Caiyun et al
82. EFFECTS OF “VITAL GATE” QIGONG ON MALIGNANT TUMOUR
Luo Sen et al
83. A
CLINICAL
STUDY
OF
QIGONG
BASED
ON
DIFFERENTIATION
OF
SYNDROMES (LEFT VENTRICULAR FUNCTION IN 74 CASES)
Li Zequan et al
84. A
CLINICAL STUDY
OF THE
TAOIST METHOD FOR
KEEPING GOOD
HEALTH AND LONGEVITY ON THE EVOKED CEREBRAL POTENTIALS IN
PATIENTS WITH SENILE CEREBRAL ARTERIOSCLEROSIS
(AN ANALYSIS
OF 40 CASES)
Kezhong et al
85. AN EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH OF PREVENTION AND TREATMENT OF
MYOPLA BY “VISION IMPROVEMENT QIGONG EXERCISE”
Shicai et al
-
86. THE EFFECT OF QIGONG EXERCISE
(QUIESCENT AND DYNAMIC FORMS)
ON THREE INDEXES OF PATIENTS WITH ABNORMAL CARDIOVASCULAR
FUNCTION • •
••••••
Zhang Rulin et al
87. AN ANALYSIS OF 51 CASES WITH CHD TREATED BY QIGONG
Sun Jiwang et al
88. A STUDY ON Q1 AND SUPERPOWER
Hsiming Wu
89. SEX
EXISTS
TOGETHER
WITH
LIFE
A
STUDY
OF
QIGONG
IN
TREATMENT OF IMPOTENCE AND ITS WONDERFUL EFFICACY
Huang Chengmo
90. THE PRESENT CONDITION OF QIGONG IN JAPAN
Mashanorl Yamamoto
•
107
108
109
113
115
1:17
119
121
123
126
128
130
131
132
135
136
138
140
•
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91. THE ACTUAL ANALYSIS OF
QI BY KINSHINDANHO
(THE MUSCULAR-
DIAGNOSING
THERAPY
METHOD)
AND
THE
MANIPULATIVE
TREATMENT OF IT
Kono,Tadao et al
142
92. A TREATMENT METHOD TOWARDS FUNCTIONAL DISEASE OF THE KNEE-
JOINT
Shigeo Nakagawa
146
93. AN IDEA OF INNER DIAGNOSTIC METHOD
Mashakashu Kazhuda
147
94. AN OBSERVATION ON SKIN THERMOGRAPHY DURING QIGONG NEEDLING
Lin Maomei
147
95. NEW QIGONG — AN ESSENTIAL TOOL IN HEALING AND PREVENTION OF
CANCER
Chung Siu Wong
149
96. EFFECTS OF QIGONG ON PSYCHOSOMATIC AND OTHER EMOTIONALLY-
ROOTED DISORDERS
Richard R. Pavek
150
97. QIGONG AS A PUTATIVE TREATMENT FOR IMMUNO-DEFICIENCY
SYNDROMES
Philip S. Lansky
152
98. INDIAN YOGIC PRANAYAM AND CHINESE QIGONG — A COMPARATIVE
STUDY AND ITS APPLICATION IN TREATMENT OF ASTHMA
Ramaiah S. A. A et al
153
99. QIGONG SPIRAL TREATMENT
SUDARSANA RESEARCH BETWEEN
1978-1987
Vuokko Raakel Rahtu-Etiainen et al
154
100. QIGONG IN AUSTRALIA
AN EFFECTIVE WEAPON AGAINST STRESS —
Jack Lim
155
101. THE USE OF THE EMITTED QI IN QIGONG AND ACUPUNCTURE IN THE
TREATMENT OF FOOD ALLERGIES
Chu Chow
157
102. INTRODUCTION OF QIGONG IN WEST GERMANY
Gisela Hildenbrand
159
103. A METHOD FOR QI FIELD DETECTION
Lu Zuyin et al
161
104. THE STATISTICAL TREATMENT OF EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS IN QIGONG
EXPERIMENT
Lu Zuyin et al
162
105. THE EFFECT OF THE EMITTED QI ON THE POLARIZED PLANE OF A
LASER BEAM
Yan Xin et al
163
106. THE EFFECT OF QI ON THE COUNTING RATE OF 241 AM RADIOACTIVITY
Yan Xin et al
164
107. A STUDY OF THE EFFECT OF THE EMITTED QI ON MOLECULES AT A
DISTANCE OF 2000 KM
(I)
EXAMINATION
OF
THE
INFRARED THERMAL
IMAGING SYSTEM ON
TEMPERATURE RESPONSE OF THE EXPERIMENTAL SAMPLES —
Meng Guirong et al
166
(II) AN EXAMINATION OF LASER FLUORESCENCE AND ULTRAVIOLET ON THE
RHODAMIN DYESTUFF
Li Shengping et al
167
(III) A LONG-TIME TRACKING EXAMINATION OF UV SPECTROSCOPY ON THE
SOLUTION OF POTASSIUM DICHROMATE
Sun Mengyin et al
168
(IV) A LONG-TIME TRACKING EXAMINATION OF UV SPECTROSCOPY ON THE
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SAMPLE OF THE FLUORESCE IN DYESTUFF
Cui Yuanhao et al
170
(V)
A TRACE EXAMINATION OF UV SPECTROSCOPY ON THE DNA SOLUTION
OF FISH SPERMS
Sun Mengyin et al
172
(VI) AN INVESTIGATION OF THE SAMPLE OF MIXTURE OF THE AGBR IUSH
DYESTUFF
BY
EPR
(ELECTRIC
PARAMAGNETIC
RESONANCE
SPECTROMETER)
Li Shengping et al
174
(VII) EXAMINATION OF ULTRAVIOLET AND ULTRARED THERMAL IMAGING
SYSTEMS ON L-TRYPOTOPHAN SOLUTION
Meng Guirong et al
175
(VIII) AN OBSERVATION OF BOVINE SERUM ALBUMEN BY THE ULTRAVIOLET
AND FLUORESCENCE SPECTROPHOTOMETER
Li Shengping et al
176
(IX)AN INVESTIGATION OF THYMINE BY A RECORDING SPECTRO-
PHOTOMETER AND A THERMOVISION
Meng Guirong et al
177
(X) AN OBSERVATION BY AN ULTRAVIOLET SPECTRUM ABOUT YEAST
RNA SOLUTION
Sun Mengyin et al
178
108. A QUANTITATIVE SURVEY OF SYSTEMATIC DEVIATIONS IN BROWNIAN
MOVEMENT EXPERIMENT EFFECTED BY THE HUMAN MIND POWER
Wang Yonghuai et al
179
109. MEASUREMENT AND ANALYSIS OF THE INFRASONIC WAVES FROM THE
EMITTED QI
Niu Xin et al
181
110. THE EFFECT OF MIND-CONTROL IN QIGONG EXERCISE INVESTIGATED
BY AN INFRARED THERMOVISION IMAGER
Du Luoyi
183
111. CHAOS AND FRACTAL OF THE HUMAN BODY IN THE QIGONG STATE
A COMPLEX THEORETICAL APPROACH TO QIGONG
Li Fuli
184
112. SCIENCE OF VITAL MESSAGE AND QIGONG
Gu Hansen et al
187
113. PSEUDO-COLOUR TREATMENT OF THE RADIATION FIELD PHOTOGRAPHY
OF QIGONG MASTERS
Cai Jianyu et al
190
114. A STUDY OF THE “DURATION AND DEGREE” OF THE SMALL QI CYCLE
QIGONG
Ren Zhengxin et al
192
115. PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE EMITTED QI
Gui Yongfan
193
116. EFFECTS OF THE EMITTED QI ON SILICON’S CRYSTALLINE STATE
Wu Banghui et al
195
117. INVESTIGATIONS OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATIONS AND LUMINOUS
PHENOMENA IN A FUNCTIONAL STATE OF QI
J. J. Fan et al
196
118. A STUDY OF THE MECHANISM OF THE EMITTEO QI
Guo Yinglan et al
197
119. THE
PHENOMENOLOGICAL
MODEL
OF
HEALTH
QIGONG
AND
ITS
APPLICATION TEST
Liu Beisheng et al
199
120. THE MECHANISM OF QIGONG —MAGNETIC RESONANCE
Ma Jiannan
200
121. ACHIEVEMENTS OF ANCIENT CHINESE MEDICAL QIGONG
Ma Jiren
203
122. AN EXPLORATION OF THE TRADITIONAL NElDAN METHOD
Song Tianbin
204
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123. A
STUDY
OF
THE
ACHIEVEMENT
OF
HEALTH-PRESl
QIGONG IN THE “ESSENTIALS OF HEALTH KEEPING”-
124. A PRELIMINARY COMPARISON BETWEEN QIGONG AND IN
125.
PROMOTING Ql FLOW ALONG THE TRAVELLING COURSES
126. ZHIYI’S
CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE THEORY
OF
BUDDft
SAMADHI THERAPY
127. QIGONG AND BUDDHISM
128. ON TRADITIONAL RELIGIOUS QIGONG AND ITS MEDICAL
;ervation
BY
Han Bin et al
207
lt>IAN YOGA —
Zliang Xiaofang
209
OF MERIDIANS
Li Ding et al
212
[1ST
DHYANA-
•••• Chen Bing
215
Domyo Miuya
217
APPLICATION
Takashi Tsumura
219
•
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Titles of Papers Not Included in the Collection
1-
HEALTH-PRESERVING QIGONG IN FULL FLOURISH
2.
Yosimiyaterusni (Japan)
’§#*;£( B*>
NTAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL CHANGES OF QIGONG MASTERS IN GIVING THE QIGONG
THERARY
3 -
AN OBJECTIVE STUDY OF QI
THE MECHANISM OF PREVENTION AND
BY QIGONG
Sukginuka Noriyuki and Yosimiya, Terasni( Japan)
£fll(B
Kazu Mori at al (Japan)
TREATMENT OF AIDS
5 -
Chen Jian
(China Qigong science Institute, Hong Kong)
POPULARIZATION AND DEVIATION RECTIFICATION OF QIGONG IN HONGKONG
Lin Qin( China Qigong Science Inatitute, Hong Kong)
FOOT PRESSURE,
CHANCE OF FOOT STEP AND THE EQUILIBRIUM OF THE BODY IN THE
STANDING POSTURE QIGONG—THE MECHANISM OF REGULATION
OF THE BODY EQUILIBRIUM BY THE STANDING POSTURE QIGONG
7 -
Konta Kunio (Japan)
ZADOCHIZUKO
QIGONG—AS AN APPROACH OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE
Zadochizuko (Japan)
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A STUDY ON THE EFFECT OF THE EMITTED QI OF QIGONG ON
HUMAN CARCINOMA CELLS
Feng Lida, Qian Juqing, Chen Suqing et al
(China Immunology Research Center , Beijing, China)
We used the techniques of tissue culture,
cytogenetics and electron microscopy to study
the Hale
cells and SGC-7901 human gastric adenocarcinoma
cells,
the change of the cellular
ultrastructure and abnormal structure of the chromosomes of the cells.
The results showed
:
1. The effect of the emitted qigong on the Hale cells :
We repeated the experiment 20 times under identical conditions.
The
result
is shown in
Table L
Table
1 The effect of the emitted qi on the Hale cells
Group
The number of the Hale cells (10/ml)
Survival rate
Destruction rate
Before receiving qi
After receiving qi
Exp.
4. 53
15. 33
100. 00
Control
4. 53
10. 62.
69. 28
30. 72
Table
1 shows,
after the Hale cells received the emitted qi for 20 minutes,
the survival
rate of
the
cells
in
the experiment group was
69. 28%
of that
in the control group,
i. e.
,
30. 72% of the cells were
killed.
We analysed the distribution of the destruction rate, which
is shown in Table 2.
Table 2 shows,
the emitted qi could
kill the Hale
cells.
The destruction rate could reach
8. 91,
59. 61%, and the average destruction rate was 30. 72%(P<0. 001).
At the same time,
we observed the Hale cells with a translation electronmicroscope ,
and
found that degeneration and swelling took place in some of the cells which received the emitted
qi.
The
endoplasmic
reticula
were
dilated
obviously,
and
the
nuclei
of
the
cells
were
destroyed.
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meaning
(P<C0. 01)
.
At the same time,
we asked some other gigong
the same experiment, and same result was obtained.
In order
to further confirm the authenticity,
we used a scanninj
observe the
cells.
The observed result showed that the
villi had come
fewer and scattered.
The structure of the surface of the cells was
disortjl
seen on the surface of the cells, and a few of the cells were destroyed
3. The human chromosome
is
a
material
base
of human
heredity
genetic material.
The
results of our studies showed
that
the abnormal:
of
the
gastric adenocarcinoma
cells
took
place
significantly
after
thej;
qL The rate
of exchange ,
breaking and dicentromere
in the sturcture
the
gastric
adenocarcinoma
cells
increased.
There was
a
statistical
experiment group and the control group.
The result suggested that the
chromosomes of the gastric adenocarcinoma cells.
As shown above the results confirmed that the emitted
qi could k
adenocaricin oma
cells and
the Hale
cells, and
the
effect
of the emi
could be increased
in
vitro through self-regulation of a
patient.
The
way to cure carcinoma.
masters to participate in
electronmicroscope
to
4>ff or become shorter,
ered.
Some holes were
Completely.
and a
carrier
of
the
ty of the chromosomes
|y
received
the
emitted
of the chromosomes of
lifference
between
the
emitted
qi could
kill the
11 or inhibit the gastric
ted
qi on tumour
cells
study may
start a new
THE EFFECT OF THE EMITTED QI ON THEj IMMUNE
FUNCTIONS OF MICE OF MICE
Feng Lida, Wang Yunsheng, Chen Shuying and Chen Hajixing
(China Immunology Research Center, Beijing, China)
a
In order to determine whether there is an effect on the regulation
after
a
body
is
affected
by
the
emitted
qi,
we
chose
mature C
animals,
and randomly divided them into two groups.
In the experinjn
were immunized
i. p. with
5 % SRBC,
0. 21ml /mouse,
and stimula
while
in
the
control
group
only
with
0.2ml
5 %
SRBC / mouse
j
experimental group received the emitted
qi once a day,
20 min.
a
five days,
we observed the phagocytic function of the peritoneal macr<
acid phosphatase in Mqp,
the amount of splenic cells and induction of
ai
IgM direct plaque forming cells (PFC).
The detected values are summarized as follows.
tinh<
pf the immune response
L
mice
as
experiment
Lental group,
the mice
ed by the emitted
qi,
. p.
The
mice
of
the
ie for five days.
After
dphages,
the activity of
nti-sheep red blood cells
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1. The phogocytic function
of the
peritoneal macrophages
in
the control was
18. 077 ±
7. 942 percent of phagocytosis,
while in the experimental group
it was 31. 154 + 11. 739, and
there
is a statistical meaning (P<C0. 01).
2.
The
activity
of
acid phosphetase
in M with
a spectrophotometer
in
the
control was
4. 826 + 2. 023
Jin’s
Unit,
while
it was
7. 071 + 3. 026
in
the
experimental
group.
The
comparison between the values of the two groups has a statistical meaning
(P<C0. 05)
.
The
results showed that the emitted qi could enhance not only the phogocytic function of peritoneal
macrophages ,
but also the activity of acid phosphatase.
3.
The amount of splenic cells observed with a light microscope in the control was
8. 505
± 0. 546 X lOVmouse
,
while
it was
10. 362 ± 0. 509 X lOVmiouse
in
the
experimental
group, and there
is a statistical meaning (P<0. 05).
4.
The O. D. value of the PFC response detected by a spectrophotometrical method was
0. 706 + 0. 269
in
the control while
it was
0. 889 + 0. 243
in the experimental group,
and
there
is a
statistical meaning too
(P<C0. 05)
.
The
results showed that the emitted
qi could
increase not only the amount of the splenic cells,
but also the PFc response,
and suggested
that after receiving the emitted
qi the body could be affected to enhance the amount of IgM
antibodies
through
increasing
the
nmuber
of
splenic
cells
and
T
lymphocytes
or
B
lymphocytes.
The experiment studied the effect of the emitted
qi on immune function,
and the results
showed that the emitted qi could significantly enhance the phagocytic function of the peritoneal
macrophages and the activity of acid phosphatase in Mcp,
which suggested that the emitted
qi
could activate peritoneal macrophages.
After the body received the emitted qi>
the amount of
the splenic
cells and
the PFC response could
be
increased.
The fact showed
that some
well-
trained qigong masters can really send out a substance called
“emitted qi” and the
“emitted qi”
can enhance the immune function of the body indeed.
As shown above,
we can
see
that
the
emitted
qi might enhance
not
only
nonspecific
immune
responses,
but
also
specific immune
responses.
How much and
for how long
the
emitted
qi
can
effect
the
immune
response
of
the
body
and
through
what
routes
and
mechanism
still requires further investigation.
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A STUDY OF THE EFFECT OF THE EMITTED QI
ON THE L12 io CELLS OF LEUKEMIA IN MICE
Feng Lida and Zhao Xiuzhen
(China Immunology Research Center, Beijing, China)
With
the rapid development of modern
science and technology and the enhancement of
people’s living standard,
the constitutive proportion of diseases has charged and most infectious
and
parasitic
diseases have been brought under
control
or
eliminated;
whereas tumours
are
becoming a common problem and are endangering man’s
life and health.
In our country the
number of patients suffering from tumour diseases is over 1,000,000 a year, and the number
of patients who died from tumours have exceeded 800, 000.
Therefore,
it
is important for us
to explore a new route to cure tumours.
Leukemia
is a malignant tumour ,
which has a high incidence and
is difficult to cure.
As
there
are some
similarities between leukemia
in mice and human leukemia,
we chose DBA
mice as a research model to study the effect of the emitted
qi on the Lmo
cells of leukemia in
mice.
The experiment chose DBA mice with a weight of 20 + 2g,
and both male or female
mice were
used.
In
the experiment we
killed
the
mice,
which had been
injected with
the
L1210
cells
7-9 days before we
collected the
celiec
liquid and
adjusted
the concentration of
cells to
4. 70-31. 00 million /ml
(average concentration was
1. 20 million/ml)
. 0. 2 ml L 2io
cells was injected
i. p. into the abdominal cavity of mice, and after
1 day we randomly divided
the mice into groups.
Among these groups,
the mice of the experimental group received the
emitted
qi once
a day,
10-40
min.
a
time
for
days,
while
in
the
control
group no
treatment was given.
After
10 days,
the mice were killed and the number of the Lu L0
cells
were
counted
with
a
light
microscope.
The
average
value
in
the
control
group
was
200. 435x0. 5 million /mouse,
while in the experimental group 66. 45 3x0. 5 million/mouse,
and there was a statistical meaning between the two groups
(P<C 0.01)
.
At the same time,
we used the qigong information instrument
to stimulated the mice injected with the Lmo
cells
once a day.
hrs.
a time for 10 days,
after which the number of Lmo
cells was observed.
The
number
in
the
control
group
was
160. 826 X 0.5
million / mouse,
while
in
the
experimental group 70. 870X0. 5 million/mouse,
and there was a statistical meaning between
the two groups
(P<0. 01)
.
The
results showed
that the number
of Lmo
cells which were
injected into mice could be remarkably reduced after the mice received he emitted
qi y
and the
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fact suggested that the emitted qi could kill or inhibit the Lmo cells in mice.
Qigong
is
a
part
of
traditional
Chinese
medicine,
which
is
a
therapy
with
Chinese
characteristics.
In
recent
years,
qigong
has been used
to cure
a
lot
of
diseases,
especially
difficult
diseases and tumour
diseases.
It
is an
important
issue whether
qigong
can
kill
or
inhibit maligant tumour
cells
or
not.
The
result
of
this experiment showed
that the emitted
gicould
kill or
inhibit the
L1210
cells of mice leukemia.
After a body received
it many times,
the emitted
qi could significantly reduce the number of Lmo
cells in mice.
The experimental
study laid a theoretical basis for the treatment of tumours with qigong .
Qigong therapy will be
a new way to cure carcinoma.
However,
the mechanism and way that the emitted qi
kills or
inhibits Lmo cells of malignant tumours in mice need to be further investigated.
THE CHARACTERISTICS OF HUMAN BRAIN
SELF-ORGANIZATION IN THE
QIGONG STATE
Mei Lei, Zhou Zhandai and Liu Yuehong
(Institute of Space Medico-Engineering, Beijing, China)
Qigong
state
is
the
product
of
self
organization
of
numerous
neurons
in
the
brain. Synergetics,
developed from
the
laser
theory,
can be
applied
to study
the
patterns
of
brain self-organization.
According to the domination principle supra-slow fluctuated oscillation
as
the
sequential
parameters
can
be
obtained from
the
scanning
of
the
fluctuation
of
the
dominated
specific
frequencies
of
the
ordinary
brain
waves.
A new
technology
called ET
(Encephalofluctuograph technology)
has been developed and a higher
level system
in brain
self-organization—the S (supra-slow)
system
has been discovered.
The S-system represents
the
neurochemical
oscillation
within
the
brain and
dominates
the
synergic
activities
of
the
numerous
neuro
sub-systems.
A
series
of
specific S
frequencies
have
been
verified
to
be
related
to
specific
neurochemicals.
They
were
characterized
by
typical
harmonious
and
coherent behaviors,
and
their
spatial configulations
indicate the functional structures among
different
brain
areas,
the
left-right
brain
correlations,
and
the whole
brain
picture.
The
reorganized temporal-spatial patterns signify the qualitative changes of the brain states.
By application of ET to the study of qigong ,
several features of the brain self-organization
have been discovered.
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(1)
Selective neurochemical harmonious oscillation; Harmonious joscillation of S4 system
was significantly amplified
in
the
qigong
state.
It was verified in anirpal experiments that S4
system was alternatively related to 5-HT activities.
Other specific S frequencies, such as SI,
S2 ,S5 ,S7 ,S11 •have been observed in doing other qigong exercises.
(2)
Right brain predominance of S4 system; There may be non-symmetric distribution of
neuro-chemicals
in
the
left and
right
brain.
Our ET experiments demonstrated
that
the S4
system was generally dominated by
the
right
brain.
In the
qigong
state
the S4
amplification
was predominated by the right brain too,
indicating the potentials of
tfce right brain were fully
made use of in the qigong state.
(3)
Frontal predominance
in S-system
?s coherent
activities;
In comparing with quiet,
rest and memory states,
the left-right brain coherence of the S-systerrJ in the qigong state was
maximally predominated by the
frontal
cortex.
This means that
the
potentials of the frontal
brain were also intensively exploited in the qigong state.
(4)
The mosaic cross symmetric patterns; The probability of emergence of mosaic cross
symmetric patterns was increased in the qigong state.
The brain tended to be in the best state.
The
left-anterior
and
right-posterior
brain
was
the
functionally
dominated
axis
of
such
patterns, and the left-anterior
part of the brain was generally the most important part of the
whole brain activity.
These
facts
demonstrate
the
qualitative
changes
of
brain
self-organization
during
the
qigong state.
The results also indicate that
it
is perspective to the synergetic principles and ET
techniques in the study of the mechanism of qigong .
A SYSTEMATIC INVESTIGATION ON THE QIGONG STATE
i
Yu Hefeng, Yan Xiaoxla and Xu Lihua
(Institute of Space Medico-Engineering, Beijing, China)
Human
body
is an open mega system.
There
are exchanges
of
material,
energy and
information between
it and the surrounding environments or
controlled
targets.
This paper
is
to explore,
during qigong exercises,
wheather the human mega system enters into a relatively
stable qigong state, and to analyze and describe a series of characteristics of the qigong state as a
whole.
Twenty nine tests were conducted in 5 qigong masters. Among the tests three to five were
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of mind
concentration
at lower Dantian.
One
to three control
tests were
carried out
in each
subject.
Multiple
physiological
indications,
such
as
frontal
and
occipital
unipolar EEG,
breathing rate, expiratory volume,
blood pressure,
basic resistance,
heart rate,
stroke volume
of heart,
cardiac output,
total peripherial resistance of blood vessels and skin temperature at
Wangu (SI 4),
Dantian, Taixi(K 3) and LaogongCP 8). On the basis of the 17 data (EEG,
Resp.
Skin Temp.
etc. ),
some comprehensive independent indications,
their linear function
and the functional state points of system in phasic space were calculated
,
and systems analysis
and objective descriptions of the qigong state were done.
The results were as follows;
1.
More
than 70%
of
the
information
was
supplied by
the
first
2-5
comprehensive
indications.
It showed the qigong state could be described with less (2-5) dimensions.
2.
During qigong exercises,
the brain system and respiratory system played an important
role
in
the values
of the original
indications
in the mathematical functions of comprehensive
indications.
It corresponded to the physiological characteristics during qigong exercises.
Energy
of alpha rhythm was increased,
while delta rhythm decreased.
It shows that the qigong exercise
process
of
the human
mega
system
is
not
only
based
on
the
principles
of
mathematical
derivations,
but also on the physiological grounds.
3.
During
qigong exercises,
the functional state point
in systems phasic space graudally
shifted to and concentrated on the relative stable position,
far from the positions in the control
tests and
pre-qigong
test.
It
suggested
that
the human mega
system
of
the
qigong
master
gradually
transposed
towards
the
qigong
state.
Orderization
was
gradually
intensified
and
entropy was
decreased.
A
relatively
stable
state was
present.
Some
of them had arrived
at
the object ring of the qigong state.
4.
The tendencies
of
the
transposition
of
functional
state
point and
the
characteristic
values of the
original indications
in several
qigong
tests done by the same
qigong master were
identical
with
good
repeatability.
There
were
some
differences
between
individual
qigong
masters,
which
is
explained
by
the
difference
of
their
qigong
exercises
and
their
qigong
experience.
It
suggested
that
the
organizing
construction
of
their own mega system during
transpositional process of the self-organization and self-adaptation were not the same.
5.
It was found after bed rest under the same loading
(standing position 75° plus lower
body negative pressure—-40 mmHg)
the shifting distances of functional state points of human
mega system in phasic space were longer than before bed rest and the recovery was slower.
It
suggested the regulating and adaptative ability of the human mega system became weaker.
The
shifting
distances
of
functional
state
points
in
phasic
space
under
simulated
microgravity
(head down
15°)
would
be
decreased
with
the mind
concentrated
at
point
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Yongquan (K
1)
,
It showed
that
qigong
exercise
could improve
the functional
state
of
the
human mega system and resist the bad effects when the head
is lowered.
Some scientific background and methods have been provided for systems analysis on the
qigong
state,
and some
foundations
were
laid
for
the
development
of
treatment
of
space
adaptation syndrome with qigong exercises.
j
AN INVESTIGATION OF PHYSIOLOGICAL
CHARACTERISTICS ON QIGONG EIGEN 'STATE
Xu Lihuo, Yu Hepeig and Yan Xiaoxia
\
(Institute of Space Medico-Engineering, Beijing, China)
;
According to the principle of integration and dynamics,
the dynamical changes of multi-
physiological
indicators
during
the
qigong
exercise
were
observed
repeatedly.
The
chief
physiological characteristics during the qigong
state were studied to provide the scientific basis
for making
a thorough
study
of
the
nature of
the
qigong
state and
further
controlling
the
human body to reach the optimal functional state.
j
Five male qigong masters
(age,
53-66 Yrs.
)
were subjects.
The^ have practised qigong
exercised
for 3-10
years.
One to three control
tests and 3-5 qigong
tests were completed for
each.
Altogether were twenty nine
tests including 21
qigong
tests and
control
tests.
Every
qigong
test was divided into 3 steps,
pre- (sitting quietly with eyes clojsed for 10 min. ),
in-
(thought concentrated on lower Dantian for 40 min.
) and post- (as pre- for 10 min.
)
qigong
exercise.
The control tests were similar to qigong
tests. The subject sat duietly with eyes closed
for 60 min,
but no thought concentration.
The control tests and the qigong
tests in the same
subject were made at the same time on different days.
The changes of the
left
frontal and
left
occipital unipolar EEG,
breathing
rate,
heart
rate,
stroke volume of heart,
expiratory volume and skin temperature of Dantian, Laogong(P
8)
wangu (TE 5)
and Taixi
(K 3)
were simultaneously and continuously recorded.
Blood
pressure was measured every
5 min.
during the qigong
state and every 3 min.
pre-and post-
qigong
.
Power
spectral
analysis
of EEG was made every
min.
It was found
that during
the
qigong
state the peak of alpha wave was higher and shifted to the
left,
percentages of alpha
wave power was increased,
20. 50 + 12. 4 in the frontal area and
9. 98 + 10. 0 in the occipital
area. The significant difference between the qigong
exercise and corresponding time in control
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tests
(frontal P<C0. 005 and occipital P <0. 05)
;
delta wave power was decresed;
and theta
wave power was
increased,
the peak frequency
of
theta wave rhythm
shifted
to
the
right
significantly (P<0. 001).
During
the
qigong
exercise,
the
expiratory volume and
breathing
rate were
decresed
0. 884 + 0. 720 L/min.
and
2. 64 + 3. 58 times/min.
respectively.
They were significant with
the corresponding time in control tests (P<0. 05).
The
changes
of
point
skin
temperature
and
other
physiological
indicators
were
slight
during the qigong exercise.
The
changes
of
physiological
indicators
during
several
qigong
exercises
were
more
correspondent
in each
of
subjects.
The
repeatability
in
different
tests of the same subject
was
good.
Individual
differences among
subjects
might
be
resulted
from
their
different
process of self-regulation and different qigong
abilities.
AN INVESTIGATION ON EEG OF QIGONG EIGEN STATE
Yan Xiaoxia,Yu Hefeng and Xu Lihua
(Instilutc of Space Medico-Engineering, Beijing, China)
Qigong has a history of thouMnds of years in China.
It
is one of methods for prevention
and treatment of diseases, and for health preservation.
With the development of the human science,
the research of the qigong eigen state was
more and more concerned.
Professor Qian Xuesen points out that the important task
is to establish the theory of the
qigong phenomena and
the
qigong
state
of
the human body must
be
studied
in
detail
with
advanced techniques and
correct guiding
thoughts.
Therefore,
according
to
the
principle
of
integration,
interconnection,
dynamics and
orderization ,
the dynamical changes
of
multi-
physiological indicators in the qigong state were repeatedly observed to provid a scientific basis
for research of physiological characters in the qigong
state and for promoting the human body
to enter optimal functional state.
In this paper,
the changes of EEG in the qigong
state was further investigated with the
technique of power spectral matrix in time series on observed multi-physiological indicators.
Five male
qigong
exercisers
(age,
53-66
Yrs,)
were
subjects.
They have
exercised
qigong from 3-10 years. Two unipolar EEG (left frontal, left occipital) and other physiological
indicators,
such as heart rate,
cardiac output,
breathing rate,
respiratory volume and skin
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tempraturc
were
simultaneously
and
continuously
recorded.
Blood
pressure was
measureed
every 3 min.
except during the qigong exercise.
One to three control
tests and three
to five
qigong tests were completed for each subject.
During the qigong tests and control tests subjects
were sitting quietly with eyes closed for 60 min.
But in the qigong exbrcises (11-50 min.
in
qigong
tests)
subjects'
thought should be concentrated on
their own lower Dantian.
Control
tests and qigong
tests in the same subject were completed on the same time on different days.
EEG power
spectral
analysis was made
with
10 m
sec
sampling
time,
1024
points
sampling length and
0. 25 HZ discriminating rate of frequncy. EEG power spectral matrix
in
time series was made continuously
with 216
spectra,
each of them
to be the average of 5
continuous EEG power spectra.
Both were analyzed by a 7TI 7 signal processor.
Power of delta (2. 00-3. 75 Hz),
theta
(4, 00-7. 75 Hz), alpha (U. 00-13. 00 Hz),
beta
1 (13. 25-20. 00Hz)
and beta 2
(20. 25-30. 00 Hz) bands and the power percentage of each
band,
and
the peak frequency of each band was analyzed.
Entropy of EEG was calculated
too.
It was found
that
during
the qigong
exercise
the peak
of alpha wave was
higher and
shifted
to the
left,
power percentage of alpha waves was increased significantly,
and alpha
waves were shifted to the frontal area and the occipital area;
power of delta waves decreased,
power
percentage
of
theta waves was
increased,
the peak
frequency
of
theta rhythm was
shifted
to the
right.
Significant exchanges between the frontal and
occipital power were not
observed.
In one of the exercisers,
power of alpha in the occipital area
is higher than that in
the frontal
area. In most of them power
of the alpha wave
in
the
frontal area
is significant
dominant.
It
might
be
related
with
the
differences
of
their
qigong methods and
their own
qigong abilities,
for which further research would be valuable.
The fluctuation of EEG power
in
various frequency bands and
the
transportation
and
concentration
of energy
in
different
areas and different frequencies of brain waves during the qigong exercise were showed in the
power spectral matrix of EEG.
It was helpful in observing the dynamical change processes of
EEG during the qigong state.
There occurred correspondent changes of EEG indicators in each
otf the 5 subjects during
several
qigong
tests.
The
results
were
repeated
in
different
tests
of
the
same
subject.
Individual difference might show the different processes of self-regulation and different qigong
abilities of different qigong exercisers.
In the qigong state the increase of orderization of the brain was showed by the decrease
of entropy.
It was discussed that EEG changes in qigong
,
sleep and hypnosis
states.
It was thought
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that concentrated thought in the qigong exercise would be a specific optimal human body eigen
state
qigong eigen state.
In
the qigong
state the changes of EEG may be resulted from
the complicated activities
between
the
cortex and
sub-cortex
structure.
It
reflected
the
active
self-regulation
of
the
human body' s visceral organs.
EFFECIS OF THE EMITTED QI ON HEALING OF
EXPERIMENTAL FRACTURE
Jia Lin and Jia Jinding
(National Research Institute of Sports Science)
The emitted qi has been found to have a good curative effect on soft tissue injuries,
such
as muscle soreness,
scleroma in muscles,
acute muscle sprain,
muscle contusion and pains.
Fracture
is
also a common injury
in
sports medicine. We have cured some cases of fracture
with the emitted
qi.
The purpose of this experiment was to investigate the biological effect of
the emitted qi on healing of fracture.
16 healthy male rabbits,
weighing between
1. 9-2. 5 kg,
were divided into two groups;
the
control group and
the emitted
qi
group.
Under
a
septic
condition and
with intravenous
injection of thiopental sodium of 30-40 mg/kg,
the fracture with a gap of 3 mm was made at
the
junction
of
the middle and lower
thirds
of
the
left
radius
distal
to
the
insertion
of
the
round
pronator
muscle.
The
rabbits
in
the
emitted
qi
group
were
given
the
emitted
qi
treatment for 3 minutes per day after fracture.
All of- them took X-ray films every week. On
the 2nd,
3rd,
4th,
5th week
after fracture,
two animals
of each group were
killed and
specimens for light microscope study were fixed with
1 0 % neutral formalin ,
decalicified with
75% EDTA,
dehydrated
with
graded
series
alcohol,
embeded
with
paraffin.
Then
the
specimens were cut into slices of
8 pm thickness along vertical axis of radius,
strained with
H. E.
and studied by a light microscope.
The morphological observations are as follows :
1. Based on some radiographic indexes,
such as reaction of fracture section,
periosteal
reaction and amount of
callus formation and
callus density,
we found
that
the amount and
density of callus formation were better in the emitted qi group than in the control group
.
The
difference was significant in the 2nd week (n=16, P(0,01)and 3rd week (n
12 , P(0. 05).
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2. Ultrathin sections were produced with LKB-III ultrotome ,
strained with uranyl acetate
and lead citrate, and studied with a DXBi_ 12 electronmicroscope (EM).
With EM,
the changes
in myofibrils were observed and photographed
( X 13000)
.
Injuried myofibril volume density
in the pictures were calculated by means of point-count method.
3. The ultrastructural examination revealed
that overstrain caused pathological changes,
such
as
muscle
fibers
edema,
shortening
or
lengthening
of
sarcomeres,
disorganization,
breaking and
disappearence
of
myofibrils
as
well
as Z
lines,
accompanied
by edema and
damage of mitochondria.
These changes could be seen
less frequently ii the emitted
qi group
than in the control group.
The result of quantitative analysis showed that the volume density
of myofibrils
of
the
injured muscle
in
the
emitted
qi group was
2. 4 V %,
and
that
in
the
control group was 20. 41%.
The difference of density between the two groups was significant
(P <0. 01)
. We conclude that the emitted qi has a better preventive and theraputic effects on
ultratrauma in overstrained muscles.
At present,
although the precise mechanism of the emitted
qi
is not clear,
it has been
found by electronic detectors that
it may involve some kind of electromagnetic fields,
such as
low-frequency
modulation
waves
of
infrared,
low-frequency
electromagnetic
wave,
microwave,
etc.
Scientists
discovered
that
weaker
pulse
magnetic
f
electromagnetic
field
has
a
higher
bioactivity
in
treatment
of
bone
Therefore,
we
think
that
some
kind
of
electromagnetic
contents
in!
influence the electromagnetic field of an organism and produce such preventive and theraputic
effects.
eld
or
low-frequency
and
muscle
injuries,
the
emitted
qi may
EFFECTS OF THE EMITTED QI ON ULTRASTR
CHANGES OF THE OVERSTRAINED MUSCLE <j
UCTURAL
F RABBITS
Jia Lin,
Jia jinding and Lu Danyun
(National Research Institute of Sports Science,
Beijing, China)
It
is one of major tasks
in sports medcine
to prevent and cure
spoi
present,
with increase in training intensity,
muscle injuries occure frequje
affects the athletic achievement or even ruins the athletic career.
For thi4
in prevention and treatment of the muscle injuries have been concerned
countries.
In
resent
years,
the
research and
application
of
the
emitted
qi
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ft-related
injuries.
At
;ntly,
which directly
reason ,
the progress
increasingly in many
is
being developed
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China.
The emitted qi has been found to have physical and biological effects.
Clinically ,
we
have treated muscle soreness,
scleroma in muscles,
acute muscle sprain,
muscle contusion and
release of pain in athletes with the emitted qi and the result was satisfactory.
The purpose of
this experiment was
to
investigate the preventive and theraputic
effect
of the emitted
qi on
ultrastructural changes in the injuried muscle caused by overstrain.
12 healthy male rabbits,
weighing 2-2. 4 kg,
were divided into two groups; the control group and the emitted qi group.
Passive contraction of the quardriceps muscles of the thigh was given by stimulation of a chain
of square impulses with a frequency of 60Hz,
intensity of 8-40 volt and duration of
0. 5 sec.
The
stimulation
underwent
6-9
hours
everyday
and
lasted
for
days.
The
emitted
qi
treatment was given
to the emitted
qi group
for
times
totally and each treatment
lasted
minutes.
Three days
after
termination
of the passive contraction,
specimens of musculus vastus
lateralis were trimmed
into cubes
of
1 mm
.
These cubes were
fixed
at once with
2. 5%
buffered glutaraldehyde
solution,
post-fixed
in 2% osmium
tetroxide
solution,
dehydrated
with graded series alcohol and acetone, and embeded with epoxy-resin 812.
Under
a
microscopy,
we
observed
and
compared
the
healing
process
of
periosteal,
bridging,
uniting and
sealing
callus
in
both
groups.
It was found
that
the
qualities
and
quantities of both fibrous and bony
callus
in
the emitted
qi group were
superior
to those
in
controls.
Under the influence of the emitted
qi the fibroblast could be transformed into osteocytes
directly
in
the
region
of
uniting
callus and
both
of
the
chondrocytes and
fibroblasts were
capable of forming bone tissues.
These phenomena were not seen in the control group.
The
emitted
qi
promoted
differentiation
of
osteogenesis
transformed
into
osteoblasts,
which had an inseparable and multi-layer arrangement,
while the osteoblast in the control had
a sparse and mono-layer arrangement.
The emitted qi group,
the number of the osteoclasts appeared to increase relatively in the
process
of both
absorption
of
necrotic bone
in
the
early
stage
of
fracture and bony
callus
remodeling of the later stage.
So the absorption of necrotic bone and reconnection of marrow
cavity were both quicker.
On the basis of the results,
we preliminarily considered that the emitted
qi had a good
theraputic effect to promote healing of fracture.
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THE EFFECT OF THE EMITTED QI (EQ) ON Tl)E SKELETAL
MUSCLE OF MICE UNDER THE STRESS OF ICE-SWIMMING
—AN ELECTROMICROSCOPIC OBSERVATION
Lu Danyun and Jia Jingdin
(National Research Institute of Sports Science,
Beijing, China)
The emitted
qi
is proved
to be
a matter
by modern
technical methods.
It
possesses
its
own biological effects as
it has been reported in many papers.
The effectiveness of the emitted
qi in relieving muscle slight trauma and fatigue was investigated in this
the emitted qi in medical treatment.
18 Kunming
mice
weighing 28+
I. 8g
were randomly
divided!
paper to further apply
into
groups
:
ice-
swimming group with the emitted qi given
(Group
I)
and simple ice-swimming group
(Group
(4C°)
and forced to
II) and the control group.
The
first two groups were put into ice water
swim
until exhausted.
GI was given
the emitted
qi for
minutes
before,
during and
after
swimming and the next day.
Ail
the mice were decapitated
at the time of postswimming 48
hours.
The
tibialis
anterior
muscle
was
removed
for
conventional
ITEM
preparation
and
observed
with
Philip
410
and JEM-1200EX.
According
to
the
statistic
data
in
presenting
cases,
the results of GI vs GII vs Gill were as follows;
1) Sarolemmal
projection; 34%
: 85%
: 17%
(I
:
III P>0. 05)
; (Ilj:
III P<0. 05).
2) Central nuclei; 17%
» 85%
: 17%
(I
:
II and III
:
II P<0. 05).
3) Mitochondia swelling and residual bodies; 68%
: 100%
: 50%;
4) Smooth reticulum dilating; 85%
: 85%
: 34%.
5)
Glycogen content in GI was less than or equal to that in GUI and
it
the mice in GII.
Interestingly,
active
satellite
cells
(SC)
were seen in a case of GII;
inactive SC were
seen in a case of GII; among the mice given the emitted qi active SC wepe seen in 3 cases and
2 with unusual large unclei (dimeter)>12 pm) seen in muscle fiber,
in which the euchromatin
occupied a large area and evenly dispersed with large nueleolis.
The results show that the emitted qi obviously can lessen the changes in skeletal muscle
of mice induced by the stress of exhausting ice-swimming.
It seems that the energy form of
the
emitted
qi
is
suitable
to
be
absorbed
by
liquid
crystal
resonance
in
the
body
and
compensates the energy lost during ice-swimming.
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After
all,
the effect of the emitted
qi for regulating the function of nuclei
is well worth
attention.
PSYCHOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF QIGONG
Wang Jisheng
(Institute of Psychology, Academia Sinica, Beijing, China)
The aim of
this research
is
to
inquire
into psychologial
effects including
intelligent and
nonintelligent effects of qigong by using the psychological research method.
The author has made many experimental researches on various kinds of forms of qigong
with approximately similar
results.
Here are the results of 35 subjects who exercised Chanmi
Qigong.
The following are the averages and standard deviations of the items under the condition
of just having finished the exercise and before the exercise.
These items include speed of act
(the amount of holding balls per minute)
,
errors of act
(errors of holding balls per minute)
,
memory extent
of
reciting numbers
orderly
(using
figure
as
the
unit) ,
memory
extent
of
reciting numbers backwands
(using figure as the unit),
pure score of omiting numbers
(raw
score minus errors)
,
score of number symble test
(the amount of finding numbers correctly
per minute)
,
numbers
of reading words with interference of color
(the amount of reading
words
per minute) ,
errors
of
reading words
with
interference
of
color
(errors
of
reading
words per minute)
,
numbers
of reading
colors with interference
of words
(the amount of
reading
colors
per minute)
,
errors of reading
colors with interference
of words
(errors
of
reading colors per minute)
,
black-red number
test
(the amount of finding black-red number
couple per minute).
The related averages and standard deviations are ;
27 + 5. 207 and 23. 943 + 5. 184,
0. 943+ 1. 110 and
1. 371 + 1. 140,
7. 971 + 1. 204 and
7. 257 + 1. 268,
5. 000 + 1, 029 and
4. 2 + 0. 964, 27. 217 + 6. 445 and 24. 043 + 6. 657,
36. 087 + 11. 501 and 31. 261 + 9. 107,108 + 27. 338 and 96. 829 + 25. 602,
0. 086 + 0. 284
and
0. 829 + 1. 098,
49. 917+ 12. 667 and 46. 971 + 12. 340,
0. 914+ 1. 095 and
2. 143+
1. 833,7. 143+ 2. 586 and
5. 829 + 2. 595, P<0. 05.
All above indicate that under the qigong state,
they improved a
lot.
They included the
speed of act,
accuracy of act,
memory extent of reciting numbers orderly and backwards,
omitting numbers,
number symble,
numbers
of reading words with interference of
color,
numbers
of
reading
colors
with
interference
of
words,
black-red number.
The
errors
of
reading
words
with
interference
of
color
and
reading
colors
with
interference
of
words
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decreased greatly.
All above show
that
the qigong
exercise can improve
the functions
of perception
act,
attention,
memory and thinking.
According to the result,
the author ttiinks that qigong
is an
important way to develop intelligent resource of human beings.
Qigong can promote intelligent
development of the children,
youths and middle-aged people.
Qigong can prevent old people
from falling their intelligence.
2.
Investigations show that qigong can improve the following conditions,
i. e.
stability of
emotion,
mood,
ability of self-control,
temper,
flexibility of act,
attention,
observation,
will power,
flexibility of thinking,
memory,
quickness of thinking,
logic of thinking and
speed of
act.
all above suggest that qigong not only improves people’s
intelligent factors but
also nonintelligent factors more evidently.
3.
The longer people
exercise qigong
the
better
the
result of the following conditions;
stability of emotion,
mood,
ability of self-control,
temper,
flexibility of act,
attention,
observation,
will power,
flexibility of thinking,
memory,
quickness of thinking,
logic of
thinking and speed of act.
4.
The author holds that the mechanism of qigong
is complicated.
It may consist of three
factors;
psychological factor,
physical factor and bio-chemical factor,
playing a role in the
mechanism
of qigong
.
They are connected with each other and cannot be replaced by one
another.
A RESEARCH ON FACTORS RELATED TO THE QIGONG STATE
Wang Jisheng
(Institute of Psychology , Academia Sinica,
Beijing, Chit a)
The extent of the qigong
state significantly affects the physical and psychological effect
and the health-protecting results of the qigong
exercise.
This study inquires into factors that
affect the qigong
state.
It
is important to understand the relationship between the qigong state
and the internal and external environment,
and to increase the extent of the qigong
state.
It
will also help in gradually clarifying the mechanism of qigong
.
The psychology questionnaire scale used in the study was formulated by the author.
The
scale consists of 14 items.
The effect of each item
is divided into five grides,
i. e.
very low,
low, medium effect,
high, very high.
The first two grades are regarded as having little effect
whereas
the other
three are regarded
as having a marked
effect.
Arranged according
to
the
percentage
of
items
that
have
a
marked
effect
on
the
qigong
state,
the
results
of
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exercisers
are
as
follows;
emotional
stability,
propen
instruction,
perseverance
muscle
relaxation
during
the
exercise ,
confidence
in
the
exercise ,
quiet
environment ,
a
good
understanding
of
the
method
and
main
points
of
the
exercise,
believing
in
qigong
,
concentration of mind, patience, correct posture, coordinate breathing, proper temperature, and
urgency
in
the
exercise,
the
respective
percentage
being 97.83%,
95.31%,
94.85%,
94.16%,
94.07%,
91.97%,
91.37%,
90.37%,
88.89%,
85.40%,
85.29%,
84. 44%,
81. 20%,
80. 10%.
The results show that the aforesaid 14 factors have a marked
effect on
the
qigong
state.
Among them
the
following
factors have
a
percentage above
94%:
emotional
stability,
proper
instruction,
perseverance,
muscle
relaxation
during
the
exercise, and confidence in the exercise.
The effect of these
factors on the qigong
state
is
greater than that of such factors as a quiet environment , correct posture , coordinate breathing
,
proper temperature and urgency in the exercise.
The difference
is statistically significant.
Both
the
qigong
masters
and
exercisers
should
pay
more
attention
to
the
aforesaid
factors, especially to the
first five.
These factors are helpful for reducing the time needed for
reaching the qigong
state and enhancing
the
effect
of qigong
to receive a
better
therapeutic
effect.
The
fact
that emotional
stability has the greater
effect on
the qigong
state
offering some
insight into the mechanism of qigong .
Emotion
is a function of the brain.
The nerve centre
under the cerebral cortex has an important position in the physical mechanism of emotion.
The
nerve
centre which
controls
the antonomic
system and
adjusts
the
function
of
the
internal
organs
is located under the cerebral cortex.
Thus emotional changes can cause changes in the
internal
organs
and
glands
including
the
circulatory
system,
the
respiratory
system,
the
digestive system, the endocrine system and exocrine glands such as sweat glands.
The author
thinks
that emotional
stability not only
helps
enter
the qigong
state,
but
also
is one
of the
important
factors
that enables qigong
to
adjust the function
of the human body and crue
or
prevent diseases.
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A PRELIMINARY STUDY OF THE BIOLOGICAL
EFFECTS OF QIGONG
Tang Cimei, Sun Lihua, Zheng Lianxing and Xiang Xiaokuan
(Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences,
Beijing, China)
Evidence from two experiments
is used in this paper.
In the first experiment,
excretion
of
urinary
catecholamines
was
measured
in
111
subjects
by an
average
age
of
years
(22-78),
who practised different forms of qigong .
After voiding,
each subject was required
to do
the qigong
exercise
for one hour,
then one
urine sample was
collected.
The
control
sample was collected
at the same time of a different day.
In the control period the subjects’
body posture and movements were different according
to the qigong
exercises they practised.
One hour affter the control period another urine sample was collected.
The results showed that the excretion of urinary adrenaline increased following the qigong
exercise in all six patterns,
but significant increase of urinary adrenaline was observed only in
the group who practised Da Yan Gong
(or "Wild Goose Pattern Exerciss")
.
The excretion of
urinary noradrenaline increased following the qigong
exercise as
welll
but marked
increase
was observed only in two groups : Da Yan Gong and Lao 7A Qmn Zhen Goig.
Marked increase of urinary adrenaline following the qigong exercise was also observed in
subjects who had practised 7Jmn Zkuang Gong and Yang Qi Gong more than two years.
In
the second experiment,
the changes
of EEG
in the
frontal
a'ea,
respiratory
rate,
pulse
rate,
skin
temperature and
excretion
of
urinary
catecholamines and
the
correlations
between
these
parameters
were
observed
during
the
qigong
exercise
in
subjects
by an
average age of 56. 9.
After voiding,
the subjects were required to
rest for one hour,
then the control urine
sample was
collected.
In
the
laboratory,
the EEG,
respiratory
rate,
pulse
rate and
skin
temperature
were
recorded
with
a RM-6000
Polygraph
Physiologic
Instrument.
Then
the
subjects
were
requried
to
rest
for
minutes
and
to
practise
the
qigong
exercise
for
minutes. A rest of 10 minutes was followed again.
The second urine sample was collected.
The results showed that the respiratory rate decreased from 17. 844. 5 to 13. 6 ±7. 7, P
<C0. 05;
the pulse rate increased from 71. 4 + 11. 8
to
76. 2 + 14. 7 (P<0. 01);
the skin
temperature increased from 31. 5+ 2. 3 to 32. 4+ 1. 7C(|3<C0. 05)
durijng the qigong exercise.
the frontal area were
observed in most subjects,
an increase of 0 power spectrum in individual subject was seen too.
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Negative correlation was found between changes of a or
0 power and the respiratory rate, y=
-0. 626(P<0. 05).
Slight
increase
of
urinary
adrenaline
and
noradrenaline
was
found
after
the
qigong
exercise.
However
,
significant
increase of adrenaline was seen only in
these subjects whose
changes of EEG were marked.
A
positive
correlation was found between changes
of a or
power and excretion of adrenaline,
y=0. 683 (P<C0. 01).
It suggests that the excretion of
urinary adrenaline increased markedly in successful qigong trainees.
Decreased
6 power
spectrum,
increased a power
spectrum
of EEG and
excretion
of
adrenaline with marked
correlation between them,
and
increased
pulse
rate suggest that the
qigong exercise
is neither a resting or relaxation condition,
nor a quiet
state between awaking
and sleeping.
It seems
that
the qigong
exercise
is an
active process
to regulate
physiological
activities through mental process.
STUDIES OF QIGONG EFFECT ON THE HUMAN BODY
BY THE COMPUTERIZED SYNCHRONOUS SYSTEM FOR MACRO-
AND MICROCIRCULATORY PAPAMETERS MEASUREMENT
Xiu Ruijuan, Ying Xiaoyou, Cheng Jun, Duan Chouggao and Tang Tao
(Institute of Microcirculation, CAMS,
Beijing, China)
Qigong ,
an ancient Chinese art of exercise
for
protecting and strengthening health,
is
very effective
in treatment of many diseases.
But the mechanism of
its efficacy
is not clear
yet.
During
the
qigong
test,
the
computerized
synchronous
system
for
macro-
and
microcirdilatory parameters measurement was used to check the heart rate (HR)
,
respiration
(RESP)
,
body temperature (BY)
,
electrocardiogram (ECG)
,
carotid arterial pulse (CAP)
,
photoelectric plethysmogram(PEPS)
,
skin microcirculatory blood flow(SMBF)
,
blood pressure
(BP) and the nail-fold microcirculation (NFM).
The SMBF of the qigong master himself was
tested
at yuji
(L 10)
before,
after and
during
the
qigong
exercise.
Tests
were
done
in
qigong
healthy
recipients
(males
and
females)
, 26 to 50 years by age.
Of the parameters measured,
the most
significant
effect
of qigong was on
the SMBF
measured by a
laser Doppler flowmeter.
The
results showed marked
effects
in amplitude of
SMBF both of the qigong master and recipients
(See Table 1)
.
All other parameters showed
detectable changes during the qigong
test,
but not enough to be statistically significant.
This
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55. 4 +
8. 6
and
47. 15 + 10. 5
respectively.
The
difference between
the two
groups was
significant
(P<C0. 05)
.
The decreasing rate of antibody
titre in the treated group was found
to be slower than
that
in
the
control
group.
And
the secondery immune
reaction increased
significantly (P<0. 001).
3. The emitted
qi could increase the
cellular immune reaction markedly.
The Ea-rosette
forming percentage of spleen lymphocytes in the qigong group,
the normal control group,
the
immune control group and the qigong plus immune group were determined to be 21. 33 + 5. 1,
11* 8 + 1. 97,
17. 5 8 dil. 9 and 23. 61 + 4. 81 respectively.
It indicated that the emitted qi not
only enhanced
the
cellular immune
functions,
but
exerted
a
synergistic
effect with
special
antigens as well.
The emitted
qi could also promote the inhibited immune function induced by
cortison,
and enhance
the Ea-rosette forming percentage
to the normal
level.
It was found
that information water
(water that had been treated by the emitted qi)
could increase the Ea-
rosette forming percentage
just as the emitted
qi
did. We observed that animals reached their
maximum responses after one day of drinking information water,
and that no further marked
changes could be found when the animals continued to drink information water.
It is suggested
that emitted qi possesses a regular action on the immune function.
4. The phagocytic rate and the bactericidal rate were determined indicating the phagocytic
function
of mouse
celiac
Mcp.
The
results showed
that
the
emitted
qi
could
stimulate
the
activity of Mqp in the body and raise
its function.
Therefore,
the phagocytic rate,
phagocytic
index and bactericidal rate rose significantly.
The efficiency of the emitted
qi was found to be
stronger than that of specific antigens.
5. The
histochemical
response and
the
results
of
the
fluorescence
dying
of
the
spleen
indicated that in the qigong group that the germinal centre was markedly evident
,
the spleen
lymphatic
nodule
became
larger
and
the
synthetic
metabolism
of RNA
and DNA
in
the
lymphatic cells were promoted.
The
experiments
showed
that
different
kinds
of
emitted
qi
resulted
in
functional
differences,
but all kinds of emitted
qi possess marked effects on the body.
Immunity
is
a
kind
of
protective
reaction
of
the
organism.
It
has
the
function
of
recognizing and removing foreign bodies so as to maintain internal balance and stability.
From the results mentioned above,
it
is obvious that the action of the emitted
qi on the
organism
is to improve the immunity and increase
its defensive,
self-stable and surveillance
functions. We think that
is one of the major mechanisms of qigong or of the emitted qi from
qigong masters in curing and preventing diseases as wel as prolonging one’s
life.
However,
the
organism
is
a
sophisticated
whole.
The immune
system
is
regulated
by
the
nervous
and
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humoral systems,
and immune
cells themselves have a sense function,
so problems such
as
how the emitted
qi produces an effect on organisms and how
it regulah >s organisms and makes
them reach internally balanced states
still need to be further studied.
A STUDY OF THE INFLUENCE OF QldONG
ON THE DECLINED INTELLIGENCE OF THE AGED
Sun Fuli,
Lei Sumping and Yan Yiai
(Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine,
Beijing, China)
He Qingnian
(Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine,
Beijing, China)
Because
the
average
life
expectancy
of
the human
beings
has
been
increasing,
the
symptom of declined intelligence,
which
is common among the aged,
brings about more and
more problems
for many families and
society.
In order
to search
after the
role of qigong
in
preventing and curing the declined intelligence of the aged, we made the following researches.
1.
Determination of the intelligence ageing level.
We made use of the microcomputer and the method of talking between man and computer
in
our
research.
According
to
the
characteristics
of
psychological
indexes,
which changed
along with the increasing of the age,
a computer program edited by BASIC was used
in our
test.
Our
test
included
indexes
of
fluid
intelligence;
speed
of mental
arithmetic,
digit-
symbol,
choice reaction time,
count,
visual number span,
tracing reaction and recognition of
meaningless figures. We found out the mathematical model of the intelligence aging from 506
subjects and a measuring system for the intelligence aging level was established.
It could find
out the subject’s aging level and mental physiological age.
This method
is suitable for mental
workers of 46-75 years old.
The measuring accuracy among the subjects of 50-70 years old
is
higher.
2.
Cross-sectional investigation.
We tested two groups,
and in each there were 48 subjects.
The subjects in Group
I were
mental
workers who
had
been
doing
the
qigong
exercise
for
some
years.
The
subjects’
conditions in Group
II were
just the same
as Group
I except the qigong
exercise experience.
The test result showed the qigong exercise could obviously improve people’s thinking response,
limb
flexibility,
short term memory and
attention
quality and
it made
the average mental
physiological ages
1. 62 years younger than the actual ones.
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3.
Longitudinal observe.
Among the 19
retired mental workers sticking to the qigong exercise for
6 months,
we
found that
items among
their
7 indexes of
fluid intelligence had been improved obviously.
The mental physiological age decreased from 66. 34 + 8. 21 years
(before the qigong exercise)
to 65. 02 + 2. 44 years
(after the qigong exercise)
.
This result proves that qigong can really
delay the intelligence decline of the aged.
4.
Changes of EEC.
Through the spectral analysis and multiple stepwise regression techniques,
we created the
mathmatics model
of
physiological
age
of
the
brain
based on
subjects ’
characteristics
of
EEG
parameters. We used
this model
to
calculate
the
physiological age
of
the
brain
for
subjects who sticked to the qigong exercise.
The result showed that the physiological age of the
brain were younger than their actual ones.
5.
Comparision with drugs benefiting intelligence.
subjects
were
divided
into
two
groups
according
to
their
age
and
education
background.
One
group
took
the
qigong
exercise.
Another
group
took
drugs
benefiting
intelligence
(the Preserving Youth Pills).
3 months later we found that the group taking drugs
obviously improved in speed of mental arithmetic,
digit-symbol and choice reaction time.
The
mental physiological age decreased from 62. 89 + 3. 4 years
(before taking drugs)
to 61. 00+
3. 50 years
(after taking drugs)
.
The average age was
1. 85 years younger than before.
But
all indexes and mental physiological ages
in the qigong group
didn’t change except the
digit-
symbol index.
This result shows that although the qigong exercise can improve intelligence of
the aged,
it was
difficult
for them
to grasp
the main
point
of
the qigong
exercise
in
short
time.
So qigong didn’t take effect so soon as the drug.
But once people grasp the main point
of the qigong exercise they can get benefit for whole life.
Moreover,
qigong doesn’t have any
side-effect as some drugs
do.
And the environment seldom influences
it as
well.
The qigong
exercise
is easy to learn and popular among people.
It is an
ideal way to prevent and cure the
declined intelligence symptom of the aged.
THE EFFECT OF THE EMITTED Ql REPERFUSION INJURY
OF MYOCRRDIUM
( Oigong Science Institute,
Beijing College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China)
Reperfusion injury of myocardium means that instead of benefiting from reperfusion,
the
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ischemic
and
anoxic
myocardium
dies
off
as
a
consequence
of
reperfusion.
The
clinical
significance
of reperfusion
injury has
attracted
people’s
attention,
bit
its mechanism
is
not
quite clear. We understand that in many diseases,
in which recovery
is impossible by various
therapeutic methods,
qigong proves
to
be highly
effective.
The
present study
is
to find out
whether the emitted
qi has a beneficial effect on reperfusion injury to ischemic myocardium.
Seventeen Newzealand rabbits undergoing operation for reperfusion of myocardium by 60
min.
ligation and
min.
re-clysis
of
the
left
lateral branch
of
the coronary
artery were
investigated in two randomized groups.
The qigong group of 10
rabbits) received the emitted
qi
for
half an hour every morning for 20 days before the operation and
received the emitted
qi
model
was
successful.
on
the operation
table when the operation was going
on.
The
control group of
rabbits
as
operated on
in
the same way
but
without
the emitted
qi
treatment.
The EGG was
taken.
Blood samples were obtained for biochemical assay before and after ligation and at the end of
re-clysis.
Then
the
animals
were
killed,
heart
was
inspected
and
pieces
of
ischemic
myocardium
from
the
left
venticular
wall
were
sectioned
and
prepared
for
microscopic
examination.
The
serum
level
of
creatine
phosphate
kinase
(CPK/
,
glutamic-oxaloacetic
aminotransfrnase
(GOT)
,
lactate dehydroqenase
(LDH)
and
its iscjenzymes LDH1
, LDH2
were determined.
The
experimental
results
showed
that
the
reperfusion
injury
Immediately after ligation of the
left lateral branch of the coronary artery,
there appeared an
elevation of the S-T segment of leads
II and III in the electro-cardiogram;
the left ventricular
wall
distal
to the
ligation became pale
in
color,
contracting weakly and bulging out
slightly
through
the
minutes
duration
of
ischemia.
During
the
stage
of
myocardium returned to a somewhat deeper color and showed a shight
S-T segment in the electro-cardiogram.
It was found that the enzymes
the serum
at
the time
of myocardial ischemia and reached a high
le
This was
especially
marked
in LDH1.
The mean LDH1
content
in
the
qigong
group
was
significantly
(P<0. 05)
lower than that of the control group.
The (mean TDP content was
significantly
(P<C0. 05)
lower in the
qigong group
(42. 75 umol/mg)
than
in
the control
group
(97. 98, umol/mg)
.
Thus the mean ATP/ADP quotient
( qigong group
0. 088,
control
group
0. 056)
was
significantly
higher
in
the
qigong
group;
(P
examination of the myocardium revealed that most muscle fibers appeared to be swollen with
hydropic degeneration,
and some muscle
fibers appeared
to be
acidophilic and necrotic with
foci of leucocytic infiltration scattered here and there.
Occasionally necrosis of the contraction
band of muscle fibers could be observed.
Histoehemical analysis of
th
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the
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iecline of the elevated,
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/el during
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that
the LDH
concentration
in
the
ischemic
region was much lower
than
that
of
the non-
ischemic region
of
the same
heart.
In comparison,
the above mentioned pathologic changes
were
less severe in the
qigong group than
in the control group.
This shows that there
is more
severe damage
of
the myocardial
cells
in
the
control group and more leakage
of enzymea,
especially
leakage
of LDH1
into
the
blood.
At
the same time,
we found
that
the oxygen
comsumption of liver cells in the qigong group was much lower than that of the control group.
This may suggest that the emitted qi could exert the same effect the myocardium,
resulting in
low oxygen comsumption which
itself
is a protective mechanism of tolerance toward hypoxia.
The same should be true for the lowered rate of platelet aggregation in the gigong grong.
It
is concluded that the applicatin of the emitted
qi to animals may lead to a regulatory
effect on
internal
environmental
balance
and
adaptation
during
reperfusion.
As
a
result,
ischemic tolerance
is enhanced and myocardial protection
is improved.
A STUDY OF THE IMMUNE REGULATION EFFECT OF THE
EMITTED QI ON IMMUNOSUPPRESSED ANIMAL MODEL
Zhang Li, Yan Xuanzuo, Wang Shuhua, Tao Jundi, Gu ligan. Xu Yin, Zhou Yong and Liu Dong
(Institute of Qigong Science , Beijing College of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Beijing , China)
Recently,
there have been many papers about strengthening of the immune function of
an organism by the emitted qi
,
but few papers deal with the immune regulation effect of the
emitted
qi on immunosuppressed organisms.
The present paper
reports the immunosuppressed
model of mice induced by cyclophosphamide (CY) ,
which
is used to investigate the immune
regulation effect of the emitted qi.
In this experiment, NIH mice were divided randomly into three groups;
(1) CY group;
CY 2mg/ (20mg body weight) were administed ip only on the first day.
(2) CY -Remitted qi
group;
Besides CY,
mouse received the
emitted qi 10-15 min/day for 7 days.
(3)
Control
group;
Physiological saline
0. lml/ (20mg body weight)
was administed ip only on the
first
day.
Then
the thymus
index,
thymus
structure,
T
cells
proliferation and
the
activity
of
interleukin-2
(IL-2)
were used to investigate the immune regulating effect of the emitted
qi
on the immunosuppressed model of mouse.
The results are as follows;
Firstly,
we found the effect of the emitted
qi on mouse thymus,
A decline of thymus
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index was seen after CY was given.
The index was obviously lower than that of the control
group
(P<0. 001)
.
It
indicated
that proper
dosage
of CY could
injure thymus.
But
the
thymus index in CY+ emittcd qi group was obviously higher than the CY group (P<0. 005).
The result showed that the emitted qi could relieve the thymus injury of the mouse imduced by
CY.
Simultaneously,
we
found
that
the
emitted
qi
also
alleviated
injury
of
the thymus
structure of the mouse induced by CY.
In comparison with the CY group,
the group of CY+
emitted
qi
showed
the
following
variations.
The
cortex
of
thymus
was
thickened
(P <
0. 001),
medulla was thinned
(P<0. 05)
.
The number of pyknotie thymocytes obviously
decreased,
the degenerate or necrotic cpithclia rcticular cells and medul ary Hassall’s corpuscles
obviously decreased too (P<C0. 001).
Secondly,
we found the effect of the emiited qi on the mouse spleen T lymphocyte.
It
was seen that T cell proliferation rate of Group II was lower than that of the control group
(P
<C 0. 01)
.
However,
the T
cell
proliferation
rate
of Group
II was obviously higher
than
Group
I.
It indicated that CY could suppress the T cell proliferation of the mouse spleen.
But
the emitted
qi could relieve the suppression induced by CY. We also found CY could suppress
the IL-2 activity of the T cells of the mouse spleen,
as compared with
;he control group (P<
0. 01).
The emitted qi could also relieve the suppression induced by CY (P<0. 01).
At present,
it
is generally accepted
that qigong
could improve immune function,
our
experiment results also proved that the emitted qi can induce the biological effect to enhance
the cell-mediated immune response of the immunosuppressed model of the mouse.
THE EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES OF THE EFFECT OF
THE EMITTED QI ON MOUSE SPLEEN CELLS AND TUMOR
CELLS IN VITRO
Gu Ligang, Yan Xuanzuo, Tao Jundi, Zhang Li, Xu Yin and Zhou Yong
(Institute of Qigong Science , Beijing College of Traditional Chinese Medicine,
Buijing, China)
Hai Neihou, Zhong Xulong and Liang Shanhe
(Tangshan Health Institute for Woman and Children, Hebei province, China)
This
paper
will
report
the enhanced
effect
of
the
emitted
qi
of
qigong
in
vitro on
the
proliferative response
to concanavalin A
(Con A)
and
interleukin-2
(IL-2)
production
of
murine spleen cell and inhibitory effect on 3H-TdR incorporation into DNR of the mouse H-22
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ascites tumor cells.
1 . The
effect
of
the
emitted
qi on
the
proliferative
response
of
spleen
cell
to Con A
stimulation.
The emiffed
qi could not directly stimulate the proliferation of the mouse spleen
cells.
However ,
the modulating
action on
proliferation
of the mouse spleen
cells
to Con A
could be increased by
the message
of the emitted
qi;
the 3H-TdR incorporation cpm
of
the
experiment group was
significantly higher than
that
of the control group
(P<C0. 001).
In
contrary,
there was a inhibitory modulating action by the message of the emitted
qi;
the 3H-
TdR
incorporation cpm
of
the
experiment
group was
significantly
lower
than
that
of
the
control group (P<0. 02).
2. The
effect
of
the
emitted
qi
on
IL-2
production
of
the
mouse
spleen
cell;
The
production of IL-2
in the mouse spleen
cell could be increased by the emitted
qi. IL-2 activity
was
measured
by
3H-TdR
incorporation
into
active
lymphocytes.
The
difference
was
significant in comparing the experiment group with the control group (P<C0. 001).
3. The
inhibitory
effect
of
the
emitted
qi on 3H-TdR
incorporation
into DNR
of
the
mouse H-22
ascites
tumor
cells;
In
this
study
the
experimental
tumor
cells
received
the
eimitted
qi for 15 mins.
The control tumor
cells did not receive that.
The result showed that
cpm of the experimental tumor
cells significantly reduced
(P<C0. 001).
It suggested that the
emitted qi had inhibitory effect on the tumor cell proliferation.
AN EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH ON THE NEURAL
MECHANISMS OF THE QIGONG STATE AND THE EFFECTS
OF THE EMITTED QI
Liu Guolong, Cui Rongqing, Niu Xin and Peng Xueyan
(Beijing College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Bcjing, China)
1.
By using
the methods
of auditory,
visual,
somatosensory and somatosensoryspinal
evoked
potentials we observed
that
extensive areas
of
the
cortex were
inhibited
in
different
degrees while some
local areas were excited during
the qigong
state
(or
meditation)
.
It
is
important
that
the
inhibition
occurring
in
the
qigong
state
is
greatly
different from
that
in
sleep.
2.
The
areas from
the
brainstem
to phypothalamus where
the
chief autonomic
nerve
center
regulating
the
internal organs
lies,
were
facilitated durging
the qigong
state.
It has
provided
neurophysiological
evidences
to
explain
the
fact
that
the
activity
of
the
internal
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organs were affected and consciously regulated during the the qigong state.
3.
The somatospinal evoked
potential s (SSEP)
were either facilitated or inhibited during
the qigong
state,
It
indicates
the
physiological mechanism
of the muscle
relaxation and the
strengthened muscle
force.
It
is perhaps
the descending
inhibitive system
or
the
descending
facilitated system
affected
the
spinal
anterior
horn
cells on
the
basis
of
facilitation
of
the
brainstem.
4.
Compared
with
a
healthy
person,
the
alpha power spectrum
was augmented,
the
dominant peak frequency of the alpha wave was reversed from the occipital lobe to the frontal
lobe,
the alpha rhythm
of the whole cortex synchronized and the dominant peak frequency
moved to the left during the qigong state.
The performer’s EEG power spectrum was increased,
dissynchropized and the dominant
peak frequency was moved to the right near the beta rhythm while the performer emitted his
qi.
5. When
it was applied to healthy subjects,
the emitted qi can make the alpha rhythm of
EEG synchronize and the power spectrum increase,
which
is
similar
;o the changes of EEG
during
the
qigong
state,
i. e.
,
the
frontal-occipital
reverse
of
the
alpha
dominant
peak
frequency.
6.
The
measurement
of
the
characteristics
of
the
infrasonic sound
in
the
emitted
qi
proved that there was infrasonic radiation in the emitted qi .
The dominant peak frequency of
the infrasonic was between
8 and
12. 5 Hz,
closely coinciding with
the alpha frequency of
EEG.
The infrasonic intensity of the emitted qi was 60 to 75 dB.
It should be mentioned that
the
receivers
of
the
emitted
qi
showed
their
dominant
alpha
peak
frequency
tended
to
synchronize with the dominant peak frequency of the infrasonic of the emitted
qi.
It suggested
that
the
infrasonic
is
one
of
the most
effective
elements
in
the
emitted
qi
that makes
the
receiver’s EEG change.
7.
By using a infrasonic generator
that simulates the emitted
qi we found the effect on
the receiver’s EEG.
The receiver’s EEG power spectrum was increased and synchronized,
and
these changes have a certain latency and
after
effect.
It
indicates that
the human body can
receive infrasonic and respond to
it,
the effect
is similar
to the emitted qi 9
so we
postulate
that
the
infrasonic
or
the
infrasonic component
in
the emitted
qi may make
the
circulative
pathway of neurons in the hypothalamus resonate and alter the EEG power spectrum.
8.
The effects of the emitted
qi and infrasonic on EEG and evoked potentials were more
or
less
similar
but
not
all
the
same.
It
indicates
that
the
infrasonic may
be one
effective
element
of
the
emitted
qi
or
perhaps
a main
element
that
effects
on
the
central
nervous
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system,
especially on the hypothalamic neurons.
THE INFLUENCE OF THE EMITTED QI ON THE AUDITORY
BRAINSTEM EVOKED RESPONSES (ABER) AND AUDITORY
MIDDLE LATENCY EVOKED RESPONSES (MLR) IN CATS
Liu Guolong, Wan Pei, Peng Xueyan and Zhong Xuelong
(Beijing College of Traditional Chinese Medicine,
Beijing, China)
1.
It
is known that the emitted
qi
alters the EEG and the
cortical evoked potentials in
man in our previous studies.
In order to exclude the psychological influence when the emitted
qi
is applied to man,
we carried out the experiment in the anesthetized cats and observed the
effects of the emitted qi on the ABER and MLR.
2.
The ABER was
significantly facilitated and the peak latency prolonged
in 10
out of
cases when
the emitted qi was applied
to the
cats.
The component of ABER consisted of
5-7 waves which reflected the activities of the brainstem in different levels. Wave
I originated
from the acoustic nerve,
Wave
II from the cochlear nucleus of the medulla,
Wave
III from
the
superior
olivary
complex
of
the
pons,
Wave
IV
from
the
inferior
colliculus
of
the
mesencephalon,
Wave V from the counterlateral inferior colliculus and Waves
VI and
VII from
the levels above the mesencephalon,
or mainly from the hypothalamus in cats.
The emitted qi
could facilitate the IVth to
Vllth waves of the ABER and prolonged the peak latency.
It proved
that
the
activities
of
the
brainstem,
especially
the
part
above
the
mesencephalon,
were
increased but the conductive velocity between the nucli of the brainstem was decreased.
3.
The amplitude of the ABER was significantly inhibited and the peak latency prolonged
from Wave
IV to Wave
VI in
cases out of 12 cases when the emitted
qi was applied to the
cats.
It indicated that the effects of the emitted
qi not only facilitated but also inhibited the
activities of the brainstem above the mesencephalon.
It explains the
fact that
the emitted qi
may regulate the
activities of the
interal organs through changing the functional behavior
of
the brainstem.
4.
The emitted qi facilitated the MLR in 6
cases and inhibited MLR in another
cases.
The MLR
is the primary component of the
acustic
cortical evoked responses,
indicating the
active level of the primary acoustic cortex.
The emitted qi
is similar to ABER but not
all the
same.
5.
These results in our present research has provided an animal experimental foundation
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for studing the neuromechanisms when the emitted qi
is applied to the subjects.
A PRELIMINARY EXPLORATION OF THE NEURAL MECHANISMS
OF THE QIGONG STATE BASED ON THE METHOD OF
AUDITORY EVOKED RESPONSES
Cui Rongqing and Liu Gulong
(Beijing College of Traditional Chinese Medicine,
Beijing, China)
This paper
is intended to approach the neural mechanisms of the qigong state from three
levels;
the cortex,
the brainstem and the peripheral.
Method;
38 subjects with normal audition
(32 male and
6 females )
,
aged 2 1-50 years,
and 2-30
years
for
qigong
practice was
chosen.
Evoked
potential was Averaged by using an
Evoked Response Recorder
(model MEB-5 100)
.
Middle Latency Response (MLR),
Auditory
Brainstem Response (ABR)
,
Electrocochleargram (EcochG) and post-auricle potential (PAP)
were measured
before
the
qigong
exercise,
then
the subject was
ordered
to
enter
the
qigong
state.
The response was done 10 min.
later.
Then
the subjects were called out and recorded
30 min.
after the exercise.
Results;
The
results showed
that
there were
significant
difference
between
the
control
period
(before the qigong exercise)
and the qigong state in measurements,
(1)
The waves of
the MLR were inhibited,
during the qigong state,
i. e. Wave Po decreased by 31. 43%;
Na
decreased by 72.1%
(P < 0. 01);
Pa
decreased by 54.72%
(P < 0. 05)
.
(2)
The
amplitudes of the ABR,
on the other hand,
were facilitated except Wave
VII was inhibited,
i. e. Wave
I increased by 63. 14% (P<0. 05)
; Wave
II increased by 71. 35% (P<0. 001)
;
Wave
III increased by 67. 59%
(P<0. 01)
;
Wave IV increased by 138. 42%
(P<0. 001)
;
Wave
V increased by 91. 93%
(P<0. 001);
Wave
VI increased by
41. 65%
but Wave
VII
decreased by 4.47%.
(3) The amplitudes
of
the EcochG were increased,
i. e.
Wave SP
increased by 51. 93%
(P<0. 01)
;
N1 increased by 51. 3%
(P<0. 001)
;
N2 increased by
50.7%
(P<0. 05);
N3 increased by 110. 74%
(P<0. 05)
.
(4)
Tie amplitudes of PAP
were
increased
too,
i. e.
Wave N1
increased by 43.72%
(P<0. 05);
P2
increased by
313. 86% (P<0. 001) and Wave N2 increased by 223. 16% (P<C0. 01).
Discussion.
The decrease of the amplitudes of MLR showed the activities of the temporal
acustice cortex and the
nuclei polysensory thalamus were
inhibited by
the
qigong
state.
The
brainstem
is
the
center
of
adjustment
of
the
internal
organ
activities.
The ABR
potential
change
reflected the
facilitation from the acustica nerve
to the medulla oblongata,
midbrain
and
interbrain,
but
the
part
near
the
acustica
cortex was
inhibited.
This
supported MLR
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results.
The increase of the EcochG explained the excitability increase of the basilar membrane
of the cochlear and the increase of Ni,
N2 and N3 showed the number of the synchronous
neuron
of the
acustic nerve was increased during
the
qigong
state.
It supported the
result of
ABR. PAP belongs
to the muscular
electric response
that was evoked by the sound stimuli.
Increase of PAB showed the excitability of the facial and the middle ear muscule
is increased
too during the qigong state.
It may resulf from the brain stem facilitation because the centers
of
its reflex arc are situated in the brainstem.
To sum up,
the results suggest that the cerebral
cortex and the hypothalamus were inhibited, while the facilitation occurred from the interbrain
to the perpheral nerves and receptors during the qigong state.
These provide a basis for further
expounding the theory that “when the internal organs are active the brain
is quiescent” during
the qigong state.
THE EFFECT OF THE EMITTED QI AND INFRASONIC SOUND
ON SOMATOSENSORY EVOKED POTENTIAL (SEP) AND SLOW
VERTEX RESPONSE (SVR)
Peng Xueyan and Liu Guolong
(Beijing College of Traditional Chinese Medicine,
Beijing, China)
Methods
;
The
qigong practitioners who can
release
their
qi were
tested and the intensity of
qi was
more than 70dB. We also used the instrument which could generate infrasonic
(60-90dB)
.
The
subjects were recumbent comfortably
in sofa
in a
shield room.
SEP and SVR changes
before,
after and during the course of receiving the emitted
qi or infrasonic were observed.
Equal number
of
subjects were examined
as
a
contral
group.
SEP and SVR were
recorded
with a
“Neuropack-II”
.
The SVR recording electrodes
(0. 6cm in diameter
tin discs)
were
attached to the skin over the vertex and both ears were given click stimuli at a rate of
0. 5 /sec
(duration
0.
1 ms).
64 responses were averaged,
analysis times of 1000 ms and the frequency
response of
0. 5-30c/sec were used.
Results ;
1.
When the healthy subjects received the emitted
qi the amplitude of most SEP waves
decreased obviously
(P<0. 01),
but the latency of the waves did not change significantly.
The
amplitude
of
N4
increased
in
some
cases.
The
changes
were
similar
to
those
in
meditation.
2. SVR amplitude in
out of 14 healthy cases increased obviously when they received
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the emitted
qi (P< 0.001)
.
The latency was prolonged
(P<0. 05)
.
The amplitude of
another 7 cases decreased and that of one diminished
(P<0. 01)
.
The latency did not change
significantly.
3.
The SEP changes in 20 infrasonic caused by the infrasonic were different from that
caused by the emitted
qi and meditation.
The N1 amplitude decreased
( P<0. 01),
and the
amplitude of N2 and N3 increased
(P<0. 05)
and the latency of each wave did not change
much.
4.
The infrasonic sound caused the amplitude of SVR waves to decrease in 12 out of 17
cases
(P<0. 01)
.
Another
case had no significant change.
The
results were obviously
different from that of the emitted
qi.
Discussion :
1.
The
emitted
qi may change SEP
of
the
healthy
subjects.
It
is
suggested
that
the
emitted qi may be received by the living body and
it may influence the activities of the brain
and have some similar effect in meditation.
This might provide theories far explaining that the
emitted qi can regulate the function of the living body.
2.
The SVR
changes
caused by
the
emitted
qi
reflect
the
state
of
different
cortical
inhibition.
This
state
is generally considered
to have a protective
effect and
to diminish the
effect of harmful agents.
The phenomena of increased SVR amplitude and prolonged latency
were similar to that of
II and
III phase of sleep,
but not entirely the same.
They might have
similar nervous mechanism.
3.
The emitted qi and infrasonic sound both have obvious effects on the nervous system,
but they vary significantly. We cannot say that the effective component of the emitted
qi
is
the infrasonic sound,
but we can assume that the infrasonic sound is an important agent in the
emitted qi or a carrier for other components.
The infrasonic effect on the nervous system may
cause the hypothalamic neuron circuit synchronize.
INVESTIGATION OF THE BIOLOGICAL EFFECT OF THE EMITTED
QI OF QIGONG WITH FLUORESCENCE PR OBES
Wu Rongqing,
Li Xiaoming, Chen Ling and Qi Songping
(Beijing College of Traditional Chinese Medicine)
In
this
paper,
the
effects
of
the
emitted
qi
of
qigong
on
the
fluidity
of
rat
liver
mitochondrial membrane are investigated with
the fluorescence probes A NS,
As and NPN.
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ANS
is
considered
to
be
located
near
the membrane
interface
region and
is a
fluorescence
probe
often used
in
studies
of
the
glycerol
region
of
the
lipid
bilayer.
As
is bound
to
the
medium
layer.
NPN
is
lipid
soluble
and
penetrates
deeply
into
the membrane hydrocabon
region.
Two kinds of
qigong which are
called weak qigong and strong qigong respectively were
done by
the
qigong master
in
the experiment.
Weak
qigong
is
nourishing and belongs
to the
general
qigong
state.
Strong
qigong
is
penetrations and
belongs
to
a more advanced
qigong
state. In
this
experiment
the
changes
of
fluorescence
of
the
mitochondrial membrane
were
investigated while
the mitochondrial membrane
received
the emitted
qi
of
the two
different
kinds of qigong .
Results and Discussion
1. Effect of emitted qi on the fluorescence of ANS-labeled membrane.
The experimental
results showed
that when the membrane was worked on by the weak
qigong
the
fluorescence
slightly
increased and
then decreased,
and when worked on by
the
strong
qigong
the
fluorescence
decreased
more
markedly
than
in
the
former
case.
But
the
changes
of
fluorescence
were
not
accompanied
by
a
shift
of
the
fluorescent
emission
maximum.
The decrease in fluorescence probably means that under the effect of the emitted qi
the structure of membrane
at
the
interface region
of
the
lipid bilayer
will
loose,
becoming
disordered,
and the fluidity of the mcmbrance will increase.
The effect of weak
qigong causes
the fluorescence to increase slightly and then decrease which
is consistent with the procedure of
the emission of
qi
in the weak qigong
,
in which there
is
first contraction and then release.
And the two procedures have the same relaxation time.
2. Effect of the emitted
qi on the fluorescence of AS-labelcd membrane.
The results indicate that the weak
qigong has no effect on the fluorescence of AS-labeled
membrane while
the strong
qigong induces a decrease
of
the
fluorescence.
It
is
possible
that
because the weak qigong emits less energy and has weaker penetrability,
it is not strong enough
to influence
the
structure and
ordering
of
the medium
layer and induce any change
of
the
fluorescence , while the strong qigong emits more energy and has stronger penetrability ,
it alters
the ordering of the medium layer
, decrease the fluorescence and increase the fluidity.
3. Effect of the emitted qi on the fluorescence of NPN-labeled membrane.
The experimental results indicate that when the duration of the fluorescence
is induced by
both weak and strong
qigong ,
but
if
the qigong
master emits strong
qi
for
minutes,
the
decrease of fluorescence ,
i. e.
the alteration of the ordering and the increase of the fluidity of
the deep layer, can be observed.
Conclusion
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The results indicate that the emitted
qi can alter the fluidity of biomembrane.
The strong
qigong
is more effective than weak qigong and a long duration produces a more marked effect
than a shorter duration.
The emitted
qi not only alters the ordering of the surface layer but
also
penetrates
into
the medium and deep
layers.
It probably
is one
of the mechanisms
of
qigong in curing diseases.
AN OBSERVATION OF THE POWER SPECTRUM AND
TOPOGRAPHY OF EEG IN THE QIGONG STATE
Pan Weixing, Zhang Lufeng, Xia Yang and Xu Aimin
(Beijing College of Traditional Chinese Medicine,
Beijing, China)
The aim of the present study
is thmrough observing the power spectrum and topography of EEG,
to research on the frequeuncy and distribution change of electroencephalogram during the qigong
state
with the help of a computer.
In a well shielded room,
27 practisers (22 men and 5 women) by the average age of 28 years old
and with 5 years
in the average
in
qigong practice were
tested with a rheoencephalograph and a signal
processor.
Polygram
and
real
time
analysis
were
adopted.
recorded
electrodes
were
fixed
respectively
at
points
F pl ,F P2 ,F 7 ,F S ,T 5 ,T 6 ,0, ,0 2 ,F Z ,P Z
(10 — 70
international
system)
.
The
reference electrodes were fixed on the two earlobes
( A, +A 2 )
. Hamming window and linear average
method were adopted.
The number of averaging
is 10 times.
The total sampling time was 50 seconds.
Samples were taken twice before entering the quiescent state.
Samples were also taken 20-30 minutes
after the
qigong
state
at
least every
five minutes for
once.
Then
3 samples were taken 5-20 minutes
after the practice.
The power value was compared with the tested results of th? average samples taken
before,
during and after the practice.
Moreover,
12 cases,
who were not qigong practicers sat quietly
with closed eyes, were tested in the same way.
The
practicers were
divided
into
two
groups
according
to
their
psychological
characteristics
of
different ways in entering the qigong state.
One group was doing
“Yi Shou Gong *
and the other “Non Yi
Shou Gong”
.
Experimental
results showed
that
the change
of
the brain wave
during
the
qigong
state
occured mainly in theta and alpha ranges and there were some differences of cjhanges between the two
groups.
In most of
the
first group,
there appeared
theta rhythm.
In topography
of EEG,
theta power
around
the
frontal
mid-line
increased
markedly.
In
the
power
spectrum
graph,
theta
peak
which
showed concentration
of energy appeared.
The peak reached
its maximum po nt
at F z
,
even higher
than the main peak of alpha at the point.
The phenomenon could generally conlinue during the practice
and disappeared completely after
the
practice.
It was found by
“t test”
on the theta power value at
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point Fz
,
that
there was a significant difference between them before and during the practice (P<
0. 01)
,
while no significant difference before and after that
(P>0. 1)
.
The theta power at F z point
of
1 3
cases
in
the
second group ,
however ,
had no
significant
difference between
that
before and
during the practice (P>0. 05)
,
even though the theta power increased .a
little for a few of them.
The
control group which did not do qigong exercise had no changes in the theta power (P>0. 1).
It was reported that the appearance of the theta rhythm on the frontal mid-line related to
“inner
experience”,
such as
“thinking on something in earnest”
was the same as that in the
first group.
The
increase of the theta power on the frontal mid-line and good meditation feeling of the
qigong practices
are synchronous.
The increase of the theta power,
especially appearing of the theta peak,
is suggested
to be used as an indication of entering the
qigoiig state for the first group.
The change
of power and
topography
of
alpha
are
complicated.
Both
increase and
decrease
of
alpha power can be seen.
On the topography,
it was found that alpha superiority of
6 cases transferred
from the occipital area to the frontal area,
4 cases from the left to the right and that 5 cases showed
alpha double peaks during the qigong state, because of dissynchronization between alpha L and alpha 2
.
THE EFFECT OF DIFFERENT QIGONG EXERCISES
ON EEG MANIFESTED BY THE COMPUTER ANALYSIS
He Qingnian, Zhang Jianzhou and Li Jingzen
(Beijing Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine,
Beijing, China)
The
present study was undertaken
to analyze
the
effects
of
qigong on
12-channel EEG
compressed spectral array, EEG brain topographic mappings,
the statistical T-test topographic
mappings and the correlation coefficient topomappings for different practisers of qigong .
Total number
of
the
subjects were
30,
among whom
10 were long-term
practisers
of
qigong
(called qigong masters),
10 were short-term practisers
(called qigong beginners),
the
other 10 were in the control group without any qigong exercise.
All the members were in good
health, and had no history of neurological disease or head injury.
The method of the study was as follows;
The
subjects
sat comfortably
in
chairs
in a
quiet chamber
while EEG
recordings were
made from silver disc electrodes at the following locations*
Fp
,
Fp 2, C 3,
C 4, F 7,
F
8,
T 5 T 6,
Fz,
Pz and 01 , t
02. EEGs were recorded on paper,
and were simultaneously
recorded onto a 21 -channel analog*magnetic taperecorder
(SONY A-821)
. EEG signals were
recorded for 5 min.
prior to,
10 min.
during, and 5 min.
after the qigong exercise.
The EEG was continually monitored in order to minimize the effects of muscle activity,
drowsiness,
eye blinks on off-line computer processing
(SIGNAL PROCESSOR 7T17s)
.
The
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computer program
involved:
(!)
initial sampling processing;
(2) window and periodogram
arithmetic processing;
(3)
compressed spectral array processing;
(4)
linear three-dimensional
interpolation processing; (5) topographic mapping processing;
( 6 ) statistical T-test topographical
mapping analysis and (7) correlation cofficient topographical mapping processing.
The
spectral
analysis was performed on
the background
of EEC
using
to FFT
for
the
delta band,
the theta band,
the alpha
1 band,
the alpha 2 band,
the b£ta
1 band and the beta
2 band.
The results showed that the EEGs for qigong masters
(with over 10 years of experience)
during the
qigong exercise were different from
that
of the
others.
In
:he compressed spectral
array,
the alpha rhythm originally predominant in the parieto-occipital regions decreased and
the relatively unmarked alpha rhythm in the frontal region increased.
The T-test topographical
maps showed that in alpha
topographical map only the T values of ihe anterior half of the
brain were over T (9) =2. 4536,
therefore,
the increase in alpha
1 component in the frontal
regions was significant.
Moreover,
we found that the alpha
1 component gradually increased
and alpha 2 component gradually decreased during the qigong state.
This indicated the slowing
of alpha peak frequency during the qigong state.
In comparison with that of the qigong masters,
the
T-test topographic mapping
for
the
qigong beginners showed
that
the
increase
in alpha
component in the frontal regions was not significant during the
qigong exercise.
There was no
change of the alpha rhythm in the contral group
(without any qigong exercise)
who were in
the resting state with eyes closed.
Quantitative
analysis
of EEGs
in
subjects
in
the
process
of
qigong
exercise and
in
the
resting state showed that changes in EEGs during the process of qigong
exercise were specific,
and different from
patterns associated with awakening and drowiness,
or any
state between
these two extremes.
The EEGs
of
qigong
masters
in
the
process
of
qigong
exercise were
clearly
different
from
those
recorded
during
a
resting
state
with
eyes
closed.^ The
peak
amplitudes of alpha rhythm increased during the
qigong state in
all 10
qigong masters and
this
change was statistically significant,
especially in the frontal regions.
This result was the same
as
the
result
of
T-test
topographical mapping,
which showed
that
the
increase
in
alpha
component in the frontal regions was statistically significant (P<0. 05)
.
The change in alpha
rhythm
in
the
posterior
regions was not
significant.
Thus,
the
qigong
state appears
to be a
special and unusual state of excitation.
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EEG COHERENCE AND TOPOGRAPHY
IN SUPERQUIESCENT STATE
Wang Wei (Metrology College of China)
ZhOU Bomin and He Zhongji (Zhejiang Unirersity, Zhejiang province, China)
The superquiescent state
is a special physiological state.
Chinese qigong,
Indian Yoga and
transcendental
meditation
can
all
completely
free
a
person
from
external
and
internal
disturbances,
bring about protective inhibition of the activity of the cerebral cortex and make
a person enter the superquiescent state.
The quiescence index
is an
objective measurement of the degree
of quiescence.
One of
the important features of the superquiescent state is the synchronism of EEG in all regions,
so
we used EEG coherence which reflected the synchronous degree of two signals as one item of
the quiescence index,
and defined the conherence index as the number of times the coherence
peaks above the
0. 95 threshold during a 2. 5min.
period EEG topography
is an important tool
in
clinical
neurophysiology.
In
order
to
study
the
space
apearance
of
EEG
in
the
superquiescent state,
EEG power topography and EEG coherence topography were developed.
Two
signals
in EEG coherence
analysis were
derived from F3,
F4
(International
10-20
system)
with Cz used as ground.
The derivations were dipolar and referenced to linked Al.
In
EEG topography recordings from Fpl
, Fp2 ,
T3,
C3,
C4,
T4,
01 and 02,
the derivations
were monopolar and reference to linked Al. EEG signals were digitized on-line to 8
bits at 60
samples
per
sec
per
channel. A power spectrum was
obtained by
Fast Fourier
transformed
with 128
data points. A cosine slope window was added to decrease spectral leak.
Coherence
was computed for each
4. 12 esc.
epoch of data using the average of 12 overlapping frames of
128
smaples ,
each increment
with
samples between frames.
The EEG index
in power
topography analysis was the spectrum of each EEG band
(there were 6 bands as well as delta,
theta,
alpha 1,
alpha2,
betal,
beta2),
or
the
total EEG
spectrum.
In EEG coherence
topography the value of the Fpl
derivation was the EEG coherence index between signals from
Fpl and Fp2.
The value of other recording derivations were the EEG coherence index between
signals from those areas and Fpl.
Linear interpolation was used in topography analysis.
The
value
of any
point was
the EEG index weighted average
of
the
three
recording
derivations
which were closest to that point.
The weight factor was inversely proportional to the distance
between two
points.
There were 1960
display
units which consisted
of a pararound area
in
topography. A topography map was produced by a printer,
with 11 homogeneous grey degrees
which were expressed by density of the
printed
unit.
With an APPLE-II microcomputer an
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on-line analysis program with 6502 assemble language and BASIC was accomplished.
In our experiment,
the EEG of the subjects was individually measured according to these
protocol:
5 mip.
of quite sitting
,
30 min.
of the qigong exercise and 5 min.
of quite sitting
again.
The meditator was asked to close eyes in
all processes.
Communication
to the subject
was
via an intercom
at a low volume.
Eight channels of ND-82B polygraph were used
for
primary
amplification
and
paper
chart
recording.
Before
the
signals
were
digitized
the
polygraph outputs were reamplified by an eight channel amplifier with
6 dB settings at
40. 8
Hz.
After 34 experiments,
the following was found:
1. The control group
(14 males with a mean age of 25)
;
after 30 min.
of quiet sitting,
the frontal EEG coherence index had no significant increment.
The EEG power toporaphy and
EEG coherence toporaphy also had no outstanding change.
The EEG pcjwer was mainly in the
occipital region with a dominant frequency in band alpha2.
2.
Exercisers with short-term training
(12 males,
3 females with a mean age of 44 and
the period of practice 2-48 months)
•
After meditating for 5 min.
the frontal EEG coherence
index showed a
little increment though
it did not reach the significant
evel,
but there was a
marked increment after 30 min.
(P<0. 01)
.
In
the EEG coherence topography,
the index
value of the frontal and occipital region showed an increment with no notable change in other
regions, The EEG power distribution in band alphal had changed,
and ihere was a power shift
from the occipital to the frontal lobe.
3. Exercisers
with
long-term
training
(5
males
with
a mean
age
of
and
over
months of practice)
: The frontal EEG coherence index increased greatly after meditation (P<C
0. 005)
.
There was no difference in EEG coherence topography before meditating compared
with the matched controls.
But after beginning to meditate the coherence index increased in all
regions.
The increase was more obvious
in
the
left hemisphere 10 min,
later whereas there
was a stead increment with greater amplitude in the right 30 min.
later.
It indicated that the
connection between the two cerebral hemispheres was enhanced in the later period of training.
In
the EEG power
topography,
the EEG power
rose
sharply and
the dominant
region was
shifted from
the
occipital
to
the
left
frontal
region and
the
right
temple
with
a dominant
frequency decrement from band alphal to theta.
From
the
abovementioned
analysis,
we
believe
that
the
following
factors
must
be
considered when discussing the quiescence index
:
(l)the EEG coherence in all regions; (2) the increment of the EEG spectrum in all regions;
(3) the decrement of the dominant frequency ; (4) the shift of the dominant EEG region.
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AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF FAST WITH
QIGONG EXERCISES
Huang Guanghua , Shen Xiaojun and Zhou Zhenhe
(Zhejiang Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang province, China)
Zhang Yongtang
(Hangzhou Railway Inspection Office,
Zhejiang province, China)
Fast with
qigong
exercises
is
a
historical
health-preserving
approach.
It
refers
that
the
performer does not eat any food in a period of time.
In March ,
1988*
under the strict design
we made a scientific experiment on
it for 21 days.
The
subject
of
the experiment was Zhang Yongtang,
a
qigong master working
at
the
Hangzhou Railway Inspection
Office.
He has practised
qigong for over 20
years.
During the
period
of
experiment,
he
stayed
in
a
hospital and was
observed
hours
a day by
the
researchers.
Every day,
he was
given
nothing
except
the
following
liquid:
boiled
water
700ml,
0. 9% NaCl 150ml, 40% honey 100ml.
Physiological data;
Physique exam,
ECG,
EEG,
T,
R,
Hr,
Bp,
height,
count of
consumption and grip strength.
Biochemical
data :
Blood-cell
analysis,
immune
serum
globulin,
lymphocyte
blastogenesis ,
serum protein,
CHOL,
TRIG,
CRE,
BUN,
SGPT, SGOT, AMY,
GLU,
HBDH, K+,Na +
, SlgA,
ptyalin,
urinalysis,
stool analysis, xylose absorption,
etc.
Results of experiment;
(1)
During the period of
fast,
his daily
life
e. g.
teaching,
study,
walk were under
observation.
On an average,
amount of
activity
is 2917
Kg-cals
every day,
and the
intake
provides only
196. 8
Kg-cals a day. AMY and
ptyalin were
in
lower level.
However,
the biochemical was stable.
(2)
During the period of fast his body
weight was reduced by 9 Kg.
According to the change of HBDH in blood and KET in urine
,
it
is considered that the energy of the body came from the stored fat,
and in the process of
acclerating metabolism of fat,
acidosis was not seen.
In the later days his CHOL and TRIG
became lower gradually.
Immediately after fast,
they did not come up to the original
level.
(3)
During the period
of
fast,
the
level of immune serum globulin was raised markedly,
continuing to be on a higher level after the fast.
It is considered that fast with qigong exercises
can improve the immune function, and
it has an action of two-way adjustment.
(4)The result
of test of xylose absorption showed the function of absorption of the small intestine was good.
(5)
According
to
the
theory
of modern
medicine
the
condition
of
starvation can
decrease
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synthesis of various kinds of protein ,
esp.
albumin.
Our experiment indicated serum protein
was at higher level.
Conclusion:
(1) Fast with qigong exercises does no harm to the body.
Druing the period
of fast one can have normal activities without feeling hungry.
(2)
It
is
certain that fast may
make metabolism acclerate without presence of acidosis.
So this practice
is valuable in decrease
of corpulence and blood-fat.
(3)
Whether there
is another way to intake protein
it should be
studied because the quantity of serum protein was stable.
MOLECULAR BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF
THE EMITTED QI ON MAN
Luo Sen, Chai Shaoai, Yi Weiyuan, Ren Hetian and Cao Ba>zheng
(Zhejiang Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang Academ; r of
Medical Sciences, Zhejian University, Hangzhou, China).
Methods;
1.
Blood samples were acted upon by the emitted
qi from point Lasgong (P 8)
(cAMP
group received 5 minutes of the emitted
qi,
T-lymphocyte group,
2 minutes.
)
The control
group did not receive the emitted qi .
2. 10 cases with various chronic diseases and low blood hemoglobin , WBC,
platelet count
were treated by the emitted
qi.
The right index finger,
middle finger and ring finger of the
qigong performer touched lightly the Cunkou of the receivers
(the middle finger was directed to
the posterior artery of the wrist).
Results
;
1. After acted upon by the emitted qi,
serum
(cAMP)
of the blood samples increased.
Performer A raised
this value by
6. 0 pmol/ml than that of the control group.
Performer B
raised
the
value by
2. 0 pmol/ml.
No
effect was seen by
the
action
of hard
qigong .
The
emitted
qi
can
elevate
T-lymphocyte
count
in
peripheral
blood and
i;s
replication
rate
by
6.9-49.8%
(P <C 0. 05)
.
It
proves
the
obvious
biological
effects
of
the
emitted
qi on
macromolecules.
2.
In the 10 cases receiving 16 times of continuous emitted qi,
hemoglobin, WBC and
platelet were obviously changed.
The average platelet count rose from 67 000/ mm
3 to 82000/
m
3 (P<0. 01)
.
Average WBC count,
from 4493. 8/ mm
to 5187. 5/ mm
(P<C0. 05),
while blood hemoglobin content tended
to be modulated
in opposite directions.
cases with
low hemoglobin before the therapy had an elevation from 9. 98% (average value)
to 10. 44%
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(p<;0. 01)
.
Another 7 cases receiving simultaneous evaluation proved to have an instant rise
in 7 parameters out of 8
(RBC, WBC, HCH, HGB, MCV , MCHC,
PLT, MCH)
with the
exception of MCHC.
One hour after receiving of the emitted qi,
they experienced a continous
increase.
After
the
qi
released,
however,
there
appeared
an
obvious
decrease
of
these
parameters
in
the
qigong
performer.
These
proved
qigong
has
both
instant
effect and
after
effect.
Discussion :
1. By observation on the effects of the emitted qi on blood samples and the human body,
the emitted
qi proves to have an effect not only on biological macromolecules
(cAMP, DNA
replication in lymphocyte)
,
but also on human hemopoietic system
in a short time
(instant
and after effect).
The emitted qi is transmitted in the form of energy or information.
2.
The
experiment
exemplified
the
relationship
between
qi
and
blood
in
traditional
Chinese medical theories,
from both molecular and systematic point of view.
Not only
this
provides a modern argument
for
the
theory
“blood
circulation activated by
qi flow”,
“qi
commanding blood circulation,”
but also
it confirms the medical value of the emitted
qi when
it
is applied to human blood samples or the human body.
INFLUENCE OF ELECTRICAL LESION
OF THE PERIAQUEDUCTAL GRAY (PAG)
ON ANALGESIC EFFECT OF THE EMITTED QI IN RATS
Yang Kongshun, Guo Zhongliang and Xu Hong
(Guiyang College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guizhou,
province, China)
Lin Housheng
(Shanghai Qigong Institute, Shanghai, China)
Zhao Bangzu and Zhou Daohong
(Guiyang College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guizhou province, China)
Our
previous work showed
that
the emitted
qi had an
analgesic
effect on
rats,
which
could be
partially prevented by naloxone.
The aim of the present work
is to investigate into
the analgesic effect of the emitted
qi after
bilateral lesions of the ventral PAG.
By means of
K+ penetrating the
tail of rats,
the stronger the current the more K + penetrated,
the current
intensity
(mA)
of the vocalization was taken
as an
indication of pain
threshold.
The pain
threshold was decided by an average value in series of three times
(interval 30 seconds)
.
The
Qigong performers emitted their
qi on the head and
tail of rats from their Laogong
(P 8)
and
the index finger,
with a distance of 10-30 cm for 15 minutes.
After the
qi stopped to emit,
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pain threshold was immediately measured, then the measurement was taken every 10 minutes.
The
rats were
divided
into four
groups;
1)
Control group;
2)
Group receiving
the
emitted qi; 3)
Group with injection of naloxone and 4)
electrical lesion of PAG group.
6 rats
were in Group
III.
3 mg/kg naloxone was preinjected into the abdominal cavity of rats,
then
the qigong performer emitted his
qi to the
rats for 15 minutes.
The change of pain threshold
was immediately measured.
48 hours later ,
the same group of rats were preinjected saline and
experiments
were
done
in
the same
way.
rats were
anesthetized
with
phenobarbitalum
natrium
(30 mg/kg)
.
Under a stereotaxic instrument,
the single pole insulated electrode was
bilaterally implanted into ventral PAG,
according to the rat brain atlas of
J.
Bures
(P6. 5
LRO.
0. 2-0. 5 H6. 0-7. 0)
.
The parameters of lesion of PAG were as follows;
intensity at
3mA,
time
sec.
In
rats,
electrode was
only
implanted
but
no
lesion was
done.
Localization of the
lesion region was
identified by the Prussian
blue
reaction.
In
all of the
experimental processes, a double blind method was adopted.
The main results were as follows;
1.
In Group
I (n=8)
, pain threshold was quite stable.
2.
Pain threshold obviously elevated after the rats got the emitted
qi for 15 minutes in
rats,
the difference was significant as compared with the basic pain threshold of the same
group (P<0. 01 or P<0. 001).
3.
By preinjection of naloxone,
pain threshold slightly elevated except 30 minutes after
cease of emitting of
qi.
While by preinjection of saline,
pain threshold obviously elevated as
compared with the basic threshold of the same group,
the difference was very significant
( P<(
0. 05 or P<0. 01).
4.
In 8 rats with destroyed bilateral ventral PAG,
pain threshold had no elevation after
the emitted qi was received.
While in the sham lesion group,
pain threshold obviously elevated
after the emitted qi is received (P<0. 001).
The above results showed that the analgesic effect caused by the emitted
qi was obviously
reduced after bilateral ventral lesions or by injecting of naloxone,
indicating that PAG played
an
important
role
in
emitted
qi
analgesia.
It
was
regarded
as
a
strong
evidence
for
the
participation of endogenous opiate in emitted
qi analgesia.
In our experiment,
we also found
that analgesic
effect
could
be
partially
blocked by
injection
of
opiate antagonist naloxone,
suggesting that analgesic
effect of the emitted
qi was related
to other
factors.
The analgesic
mechanism of the emitted qi is worth further studying.
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ANALGESIC EFFECT OF THE EMITTED QI ON WHITE RATS
Yang Kongshun, Xu Hong, Guo Zhongliang Zhao Bangzu and Li Zhaohuei
(Guiyang College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guizhou province, China. )
Qigong
exercise
has
been
regarded
for
a
long time
as one
of
the
effective methods
in
preventing,
treating diseases and prolonging
life.
The emitted
qi
is thought a special energy
flow from a well-trained qigong master.
Recently the emitted qi has been used to treat patients
with
satisfactory
results.
Particularly,
it
has
better
analgesic
effect
on
pains.
Previous
investigations were
only
performed on
the human
body.
But
the
analgesic mechanism and
whether
psychological
factors
are
involved
are
still
unknown.
The
present
study
was
undertaken to determine the analgesic effect of the emitted
qi on white rats and investigate
its
analgesic mechanism.
In the experiment K + was penetrated into the
tails,
causing nocuous stimulation,
the
stronger the electric current the more K + pentrated.
The maximal current intensity (MA) was
decided at the moment the rat cried owing to pain and
it was taken as an indication of the pain
threshold.
The pain threshold was determined by the average value of three tests in series with
an interval of 30 seconds.
Then the
qigong master emitted his
qi for 15 minutes to the head
and tail of the rat from point Laogong
(P 8)
and the tip of the index and middle fingers.
His
hand was at a distance of 10-3Ocm from the
rat.
As soon as he stopped emitting his
qi ,
the
pain threshold was measured, then the measurment was repeated every 10 minutes.
The subjects of
this study were divided into four groups;
(1)
Control group
(not any
emitted qi received)
;
(2)
Experimental Group
I and Group
II
(receiving the emitted qi from
two independent qigong masters;
(3)
Simulated group
(an untrained layman doing simulated
test);
(4) Naloxone injected group.
The results are as follows;
In the control group
(n=12)
the pain threshold was quite
stable and the difference was not significant as compared with the basic pain threshold
(P!>
0. 05)
.
In Experimental Group
I
(n=15)
and
(n=16),
the pain
threshold obviously
elevated.
The difference was significant as compared separately with the basic pain threshold
(P<0. 01
or P<0. 001)
.
The peak of the elevated pain threshold was at the 30th .or 40th
minute
after stopping of
qi emitting.
Both experimental groups showed a
lasting
after
effect
for a few hours.
In the simulated group (n=6), no change of the pain threshold (PX). 05)
was
seen.
In
order
to
investigate
the
analgesic
mechanism
of
the
emitted
qi ,
naloxone
(0. 2mg/kg)
was injected into the
tail vein of 5
rats after their pain threshold was obviously
elevated by the emitted
qi.
It was found that the pain threshold distinctly reduced as compared
with the period when naloxone has not been administered.
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The above
results showed
that
the emitted
qi has
analgesic
effect
psychological
interaction.
This
effect may be
related
to the action of
e:
The emitted
qi may promote synthesis and release endogenous morphine,
found
that
naloxone
could
only
partially
block
the
analgesic
effect
suggests that the analgesic effect of the emitted
qi may be related to oth4
remain to be solved.
on
rats without any
ljidogenous morphine.
In this study we also
the
emitted
qi.
It
r substances ,
which
of
A PRELIMINARY OBSERVATION OF THE INHIBIT^
THE EMITTED QI ON TRANSPLANTED TUMORS
IRY EFFECT OF
IN MICE
Zhao Shan, Mao Xiaoyun,Zhao Bangzhu,Li Zhaohui
a:
(Guiyang College of Traditional Chinese Medicine Gut:
ijid Zhou Daohung
zhu province, China)
There
experiments were made
to
observe
the
inhibitory
effect
of
different qigong doctors on transplanted malignant tumors in mice.
Experiment
was designed for the purpose of observing the effect
diminishing ascitic cancer (EAC)
cells in lab beakers.
Ascitic
fluid was
aspirated from mice which had been
transplanted
(EAC)
for
days.
After
being
diluted
with normal
saline
to a
conc<
cells/ ml.
the fluid was divided intd two equal portions kept under the sai
the
portions was
treated
with
the emitted
qi
for an
hour,
and
the
untreated
for
control.
Sample
fluid
was
taken
from
both
portions
immediately
after
the treatment
with
the
emitted
qi )
,
hours
and]
stained with trypan
blue so
as
to count
the surviving
cells.
The same
four times.
The
results showed
that the average number of the surviving
portion was greater than
that
in
the experimental
portion each time,
cells
in the experimental portion sharply decreased during the hour wheh
m
otm
exercised onto the fluid,
the diminishing
rate being 20
J
'0
6. 6 times as
control portion
(P</0. 01)
.
The reduction peak appeared
in
1-12
hoi:
earlier
than
that
in
the
control
portion
which
appeared
in
12-24
hour:
suggests that the emitted
qi may directly eliminate cancer
cells,
thus
ac<
cell-diminishing process in conditions outside the animal body.
After the
the rate of cancer
cell diminution of both the experimental group and the
to be in comformity with each other.
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PP
the
emitted
qi from
of the emitted
qi
in
with
ascitic
cancer
:4nt.ration
of 188x1
e condition.
One of
Ler
portion remained
hour
(that
is
,
hours
later and
Experiment was done
cells in the control
Le number
of cancer
the emitted
qi was
high as that in the
rs ,
occurring much
s.
This
experiment
qelerating the cancer-
Tiod of qi emission,
Jcontrol group tended
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Experiment
2 was designed
for the purpose of observing the
effect of the emitted
qi
in
inhibiting ascitic cancer (EAC)
cells in the mouse body.
20 mice
(all male,
weighing 18-22g)
were randomly separated into 4 groups of 5 each.
Three of the groups were used for experiment,
the remaining one group for control.
All the
mice were
injected
with
ascitic cancer
(EAC)
fluid
(concentration;
27 X 10
cells /ml;
dosage;
0. lml/lOg body weight)
.
The experimental groups were respectively treated with the
emitted
qi produced by three
qigong doctors for 7 days,
once
2 day,
20 minutes a time for
groups
1 and 2, and 10 minutes a time for group 3.
The mice were killed on the 14th day,
and the ascitic fluid of each mouse was collected
and stained with trypan blue.
By measuring the amount of the fluid and counting the number
of cancer cells,
it was observed that the fluid volume of experimental groups was smaller than
that of the
control group,
(the average value
of diminution of each group was as follows
respectively;
1.68 ml,
2.8ml,
and
1. 44ml.
)
and the cancer cell number
(concentration x
fluid volume)
of Group
1 and Group 2 was both
less
(the average value of diminution
of
Group
being 1612. 2 X 10
5 and that of Group,
being 2639. 96 X 10
s
)
than that of the
control group,
displaying a notable distinction
(P<C 0. 01);
the cell number of Group 3 was
also
less
though
no
statistical
difference was
evident.
The
result
indicates
that
all
qigong
doctors
7 emitted
qi can
inhibit EAC cancer
cells when powerful enough
to be effective,
no
matter whether the qigong exercise
is of the same or not.
Hb, RBC and WBC of the blood were also examined.
It was proved that the amount of
Hb and number of RBC in the experimental groups were both slightly greater than those of the
control group, though this was of no statistic significance, and that the average WBC count of
Groups
1 and 2 and 3 was obviously higher than that of the control group,
being respectively
4. 2,
3. 9 and
1. 9 times of Group 4
(the control group)
.
This suggests that the emitted qi
may have the effect of reinforcing the immunity of mice.
Experiment
was
designed
for
the
purpose
of
observing
the
inhibiting
effect
of
the
emitted qi on Si 80 sarcoma in mice.
Suspension
of
Si 80
sarcoma
cells
diluted
with
normal
saline
(1
:
3)
was
injected
hypodermically at the armpits of 19 mice
(dosage;
0. 1
ml. lOg body weight),
which were
then randomly divided into two groups
(7 in one group for experiment and 12 in the other for
control)
.
The smaller group was treated with the emitted
qi for 10 days,
once a day,
minutes a time.
On the 14th day
all the mice were
killed and the tumors were removed and
weighed with an analytic balance.
It was revealed that the average weight of the tumors taken
from
the mice
of
the
treated group was
901. 8mg
while
that
of
the
untreated group was
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1719. 2 mg,
presenting a difference of 817. 4mg (P<0. 05).
These experiments proved
that the emitted
qi generated by different qigong doctors,
had
the effect of inhibiting transplanted malignant tumors in mice,
and this effect might be partly
due to direct elimination of the cancer
cells and partly due to reinforcement of the immunity
of the animal.
AN OBSERVATION OF IN VITRO EFFECT OF THE
EMITTED QI ON HUMAN PERIPHERAL BLOOD LYMPHOCYTES
Ye Ming, Shen Jiaqi, Yang Yuanjin
Fan Juefen, Liu Guizheng and Wu Xiaohong
( Qigong
Institute, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
)
We
have
studied
the
in
vitro
effect
of
the
emitted
qi
on human
peripheral
blood
lymphocytes.
Qigong master,
qigong
exercisers and non-qigong exercisers were tested for
their
potential
of
the
emitted
qi on
the
function and
surface
markers
of
the
lymphocytes.
The
participants were told to act as
if they were thinking of
“nourishing”
or
“killing”
the
cells.
Specimens which
were
not
treated by
the
emitted
qi were
tested
as
the
controls,
and
the
percentages
of lymphoblast transforming
cells,
total E
rosette forming
cells
(Et
• RFC),
active E rosette forming
cells
(Ea
* RFC)
and the polylayer Et
* RFC and Ea
• RFC were
used as indicators. A total of 10 experiments, 50 indicators per group, were performed.
The
results showed that
the
qi emitted by
qigong exercisers caused significant changes of
the function or surface markers of the lymphocytes,
which were 41/50
(82%)
and 35/50
(70%)
respectively
(P<C0. 05),
and the coincident
rate of thinking of
“nourishing”
or
“killing”in these two groups were 34/50 (68%) and 22/50 (44%) respectively (P<0. 01).
The qi emitted from the non-qigong exercisers caused
little change of the nbove indicators,
the
rate
being 2/50
(4%)
.
There was
a
significant
difference between
this group and
the
master’s group or the qigong exercisers’ group (P<C0. 001).
In the aspect of thinking,
the coincident rate of the
“killing”
group was higher than the
“nourishing”
group
(P<0. 01)
. And the Ea
• RFC and polylayer Ea
RFC were the most
sensitive indicators toward the effect of the “emitted qigong
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LOW-DIMENSIONAL CHAOS IN PRACTISING QIGONG
Yagu Lin, Jijun Gao and Huo Lu
(Shanghai Qigong Research Institute, Shanghai, China)
Electroencephalographic techniques
(EEG)
have been widely used in medical diagnosis,
psychophysiological
investigation and
studies on
the
characteristics
of
the functional
state
of
physiological activities,
etc.
This electrical information of the brain activity may be analyzed
in various ways
in order
to obtain some
clues regarding the
effects
of
the brain functions.
Although the effects of EEG
in the course of practising qigong were reported long ago,
it was
not until recently that Kaczmark,
I.
K.
(1977),
Nicolis,
G.
(1985),
and Skarda,
C.
A.
and Freeman,
W.
J.
(1987),
Xu Jinghua and Xu Nan
(1987)
reported the systematic
complexity and
chaos
of
the
brain
electrical
signals by
the
analytics
of
dimensionality
in
studies of the chaotic dynamics of the biological system.
They provided a new method for the
study of time series in such
fields as human brain activity.
But there are few reports dealing
with studies of the brain electrical signals during the qigong functional state by this method.
In
this paper,
we used
this method
to analyze the change of attractor dimensionality d
values of the brain electrical activity by means of ordinary EEG recording at OlAl and 02A2
from a person who had
6 months of experience in Nei-yang Gong exercises.
Each of the brain
electrical
signals
was
recorded
ten
minutes
in
the
durations
before,
during
and
after
the
exercises,
which represents the electrical activity of the two hemispheres.
After amplification,
these signals were sent into a tape recorder
(LJ-401),
and a microcomputer was used for a
random
two-second
sampling
of
each
set
of
brain
electrical
signals.
The
samples
were
calculated
by
the
micro-computer
for
the
dimensionality
d.
The
results
are
;
Low-
dimensionality
d
values
were
presented
in
the
durations
before,
during
and
after
qigong
exercises.
Before exercises ; d=l. 8;
during and after the exercises;
d = 2.
1.
But there was a
raised d value
to
3. 6 on the
left hemishphere as the person was right-handed.
According
to
the reports,
* in a healthy and quiet person,
the d value is about 4. 0 or slightly higher.
The d
value during and
after
qigong exercises indicates that the after-effect can also be reflected
in
the dimensionality.
These results show that
qigong exercises can change
the
characteristics of
brain activity,
causing a lower complexity under conscious conditions,
increase the orderliness
and decrease the randomness.
They may explain
qigong’s effect of
“warding
off distraction
thoughts or evils”
and may play a leading role in
all the functions of qigong which affect the
person who practises the exercise.
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Besides,
the existence of the fractional attractor in EEG signals shows that the brain as a
dynamic system has
a. high sensibitity to the initial conditions.
Here,
the initial conditions are
the
functional
state
of
the neurons
of
the
brain.
It must
be
pointed
DUt
that
in
practising
qigong ,
the
function
of
thought
in
the mind
relative
to
the
extensive
excitation
of
brain
activity
is only a slight change
in the initial condition.
Then how do the changes of the initial
condition influence these physiological or phathological functions which have more significant
reactions?
We
believe
that
the key
to
the
settlement
of
the
question
lies
in
studying
the
mechanisms of qigong’s curative functions in the
initial conditional sensitivity.
Therefore,
the
qigong
functional state as a specific integrated physiological state will f ul y bring out the latent
capacity of the brain activity.
ANTITUMOR METASTASES ACTIVITY OF THE EMITTED
QI IN TUMOR-BEARING MICE
Cao Xuetao, Ye Tianxing and Gao Yetao
(Dept,
of Microbiol.
&. Immunol,
and Changhai Hospitial,
Second Military Medical College, Shanghai, China)
The effect of the emitted
qi preventing tumor metastased in vivo in tumor-bearing mice
is
reported
in
this
paper.
The
experiment was
conducted
with
the
help
of
the famous
qigong
master Hu Jiefu who emitted his
qi to C57BL/6 mice inoculated with 2 X 10
5 B16 melanoma
tumor
cells via the
tail veins.
On days 3, 5,
7,
9 after the tumor
cell
noculation,
the mice
received the emitted
qi for 30 min.
each time. On day 13,
the lungs were harvested and the
number of metastatic tumor nodules on the lung surface were counted.
The another group of
mice were observed for length of survival.
Some mice inoculated sc witn
1 X 10
s B16 tumor
cells were treated with the emitted
qi as above and the growth of tumor were determined by
measuring the size in perpendicular diameters.
The results showed that the emitted
qi strongly
prevents
tumor
metastases
in
vivo.
It
markedly
decreased
the number
of B16
melanoma
/
pulmonary metastases nodules in the experiment group
(40. 8 + 11. 93)
as compared with the
control group
(87.4 + 15.53),
the
difference
being very
significant
(P<0. 01)
.
The
survival period of the experiment mice
(31. 4 + 5. 27 days)
was much linger than that of the
control group
(21. 4 + 2 . 70 days)
(P<0. 01)
.
These results showed that the emitted qi has
the
ability
to prevent tumor
metastases
in vivo
in experimental tumor- bearing
mice.
It can
also
inhibit
intradermal tumor
growth.
Its mechanisms
of
enhancing
the immune
function
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against tumors will be reported in the next paper.
THE EFFECT OF THE EMITTED QI IN ENHANCING THE
INDUCTION IN VITRO OF LYMPHOKINES IN RELATION TO
ANTITUMOR MECHANISMS
Cao Xuetao, Ye Tianxing, Gao Yetao
(The Second Military Medical College, Shanghai, China)
The
effect
of
the
emitted
qi
in
enhancing
induction
in
vitro
of lymphokines
including
Interleukin-2
(IL-2)
,
Interferon-gamme (IFN-r) and Lymphotoxin (LT) from spleen cells of
C57BL/6
mice have been
studied
in
this experiment.
The mice
of
the experimental group
received qi emitted by the qigong master Ru Jiefu for 30 min.
each time on days 1,
3, 5,
7.
On day 10
the mice were
killed and spleen
cell suspensions were made
(
5 X 10* / ml)
in
several parallel portions for inducing lymphokines.
The
1st portion of the cell suspensions was
incubated with 10 ug/ml Con A in 37°C, 5% Co 2 for 24
hrs.
and then the supernatants were
taken
for
titration
of
IL-2
with
IL-2-dependent
cell
line
(CTLL-2)
by
the
method
of
determination
of
3H-TdR
incorporation.
The
2nd
portion
of
the
cell
suspensions
were
incubated with
the same amount
of Con A
as above for 72
hrs.
and the supernatants were
taken
for
titration
of IFN-r
with
the method
of cytopathic
effect
inhibition
assay.
The
3rd
portion of the
cell suspensions,
by adding lOu/ml PHA-P,
were incubated as above for 48
hrs.
and
then
the
supernatants
were
taken
and
the LT
activity
was
calculated
through
determining the OD 570llm
of target
cells L92 9
.
The results showed that;
(1)
The activity of
IL-2
in the
control group was 74. 5 + 22. 34u/ml,
which was much lower than that of the
experimental group
(125. 6 + 32. 45 u/ ml)
.
The difference between them
is very significant
(P<0. 01)
.
(2)
The titer of IFN-r of the experimental group was 460. 0 + 257. 41u/ml,
which was much higher than that of the control group
(166. 4 + 61. 82u/ml)
.
The difference
is
also
very
significant
(P<0. 01)
.
(3)
The LT
activity
was
also
enhanced
in
the
experimental group
(74. 19+ 16. 80u/ml)
as compared with that in the control group
(61. 07
<6. 22u/ml)
.
The difference is significant
(P<0. 05)
.
These results demonstrated that the
emitted
qi
has
the
ability
to
enhance
the
induction
of
lymphokines
with
an
anti-tumor
function,
including IL-2,
IFN-r,
and LT,
which indicates that the emitted
qi’s action against
tumors probably through the enhancement of an anti-tumor immune function.
Further studies
are under way.
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AN OBSERVATION OF T-LYMPMOCYTES BY ANA
STAINING IN
THE CLINICAL APPLICATION OF QIGONG
Xu Hefen, Wang Guomin, Xue Huining and Zhang Chengining
(Jiangsu Provincial
Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu province, China)
Wang Juninei and Qi Yueqin
(Jiangsu Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu province, China)
Malignant tumor is known as one of the common diseases,
and by
who died of such disease are as many as 800 thousand every year,
averA
min.
Therefore we
should
pay
close
attention
to
the
prevention
and
general,
we have treated such patients with comprehensive treatment in
survival
periods.
In recent years
qigong has been used
as an importan
comprehensive
treatment
for
malignant
tumors,
and
its mechanism
I
discussed by observing
the immunological function — the determination
acid a-naphthyl
acetate
esterase
staining
(ANAE
for
short)
,
of wh:
report.
1.
Subjects observed;
272
persons
were
observed
in
total,
including
healthy
pers<
qigong exercise
(the 1st group)
,
50 healthy persons
(the 2nd group)
in keeping bees
(the 3rd group),
50 patients suffering from malignant)
the
qigong
exercise
(the
4th
group)
and
patients
with malignan
practise any
qigong exercise
(the 5th group)
.
All the malignant
tum<jx
and diagnosed by pathological biopsy.
2.
Methods;
Blood smears were made of blood from their fingers or ear lobes,
were
put
into a kind
of
solution
for
20-30
sec.
for
fixation.
Then
rinsed with distilled water and dried.
They were put into a kind of inc
hrs.
Then the precipitate was rinsed with the fountain water ,
dried in
stained with methyl green for
1-1. 5 min.
.
Lastly,
the smears were
immersion microscope and 200 lymphocytes should be counted.
Of their
minute
particles
were
T-lymphocytes ,
while
those
not
having
su
lymphocytes.
•
•
jstatistics,
the patients
ging one patient per 4
treatment
of
it.
In
order to prolong their
integral
part
in
the
as been
explored and
of T-lymphocytes by
ch
the
following
is
a
ft'
ions who
practised
the
50 persons specializing
tumors and practising
tumors who
did
not
«rs had been identified
fter being dried,
they
:hey were taken
out,
ibative soolution for
ozen condition and re-
observed under the
oil-
those having dark red
jeh
particles
were
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Material :
Fixing solution. Na 2HPO„ 20 mg
KH2P0 4 lOOmg
H.O 30ml
Acetone 45 ml
40% Formaline 25 ml PH
6. 6
Incubative solution.
(1)
Parafuchsin
solution;
2g of parafuchsin mixed with 50 ml
of 2N Hcl,
reserved
in a
refrigerator of 4°C.
(2)
4% NaNo; solution;
0. 4g of NaN0 2 dissolved in 10 ml of distilled water
(to be made up
when
it
is to be used).
(3)
Drip
3 ml
of 4% NaN0 2
solution slowly into
3 ml
of parafuchsin
solution,
let them
mixed fully and set the mixture aside for one minute,
to be made up at the last moment).
(4) 2% a-naphthyl-acetate solution-
2g of a-naphthyl acetate dissolved in 100 ml of methyl
glycol, stored in a refrigerator of 4°C and kept in a dark place.
(5) M/1,5 PH 7. 6 phosphoric acid buffer solution;
Solution A;
100 ml containing 9. 08g of KH 2P0 4 and water.
Solution B; 100 ml containing 9. 47g of NA 2HP0 4 and water.
Mix
13 ml of solution A with 87 ml of solution B when they are to be used.
(6
)
Make up the incubative solution when
it
is to be used.
Mix fully 89 ml of M/ 15 PH
7. 6 phosphoric acid buffer solution and
6 ml of parafuchsin-
NaN0 2
solution. 'Drip
slowly
2.5
ml
of 2%
a-naphthyl-acetate
solution
into
the
above
solution to make a perfect mixture with PH 5. 6-6. 4.
Methyl green staining solution;
0. 5g of methyl green dissolved in 50 ml of distilled water,
assisted by heating.
3. Result and Discussion;
The value
of. X + SD of ANAE determination of the
1st group was
74. 9 ±11. 61%,
while
that
of
the
2nd
group
was
65. 60 ±8. 9%.
By
comparison,
the
difference was
significant (P<0. 01)
. The value X±SD of the 4th group was 69. 2± 12. 77%,
while that
of the 5th group was 42. 82 ±7. 09%.
By comparison,
the difference was significant (P<
0.01).
And
the
value
of ANAE
of
the
3rd
group was
76.87 ± 11.06%.
From
this
observation,
we could find that the mean value of the 3rd group was obviously higher than
that of the 2nd group or the 5th group.
The results mentioned above showed that the value of ANAE of these persons who had
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practised the qigong exercise or who specialized
in keeping bees was obviously higher than that
of. the healthy or those patients who did not practise the qigong exercise.
Besides,
the value of
ANAE of the cancer patients who practised the
qigong exercise was much higher than
that of
those cancer patients who did not practised the qigong exercise.
The
results
of
observation
suggest
that
the
qigong
exercise may enhance
and
promote
human
immunological
function,
resulting
in
strengthening
the
defensive
resistance
and
recovering from such diseases as malignant tumors.
Therefore
it
is suggested
that we should
continue to carry out systematic and intensive research on the relationship between
the
qigong
exercise and
the immunological
function
of
the human body ,
with
which we can
further
elucidate and make the mechanism
of treatment of malignant tumors by means of the qigong
exercise understood.
AN EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH ON THE RELATIONSHIP
BETWEEN QIGONG AND CHOLEREs|lS
Wang Jia Lin
(Yunnan Anthropotomy Research Institute, Yunrfan provi
In 1979
I
started
to do research on
the relationship between
qigong and
choleresis.
The
first
experiment
was
done
on
myself.
Later,
there
were
subjects
altogether.
The
experimental conditions were cholecystectomy and implantation of a T tube to drain bile out of
the body
for
observation.
In the course of the experiment,
the subject went on a
diet and
respitation was controlled
to ensure even movement of the diaphram.
Various factors
(total
bilirubin
and
total
cholesterol)
were
observed
together
systematically
during
the
inner
consciousness action process of qigong .
The grades of quality of the inner consciousness action
process are
good
,
common’
and
*weak” according to the condition
o:' the tested subjects.
We have found in our experimental research:
1.
The
inner
consciousness
action
process
of
qigong
can marked y
affect
the
secreted
amount of hepatic
bile.
Changes in the secreted amount of hepatic
bile
during the qigong state
has a close relationship with the quality of the inner consciousness action process.
In subjects
experienced
in qigong,
the amount increased
2. 5-3. 8 times as compared with that during the
resting state before and after practising qigong ;
during weak inner consciousness action process
(4 persons
practised qigong only for 3-12 months)
13. 5-96. 97%.
In two of
the
tested
subjects the amount varied with the quality of the inner consciousness
action processs during
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the qigong
state in different experiments. When the process was good ,
the amount of secretion
increased by
69. 7 % and 28. 2%
respectively;
when the process was common,
the amount
increased by 24. 0 % and 20. 0 %
respectively;
and when the process was weak,
the amount
increased by 11. 0% and 11. 7%.
During the whole process of each experiment in each tested
subject,
the quality of the inner consciousness action process was unstable,
i,
e.
the good,
common and weak
states appeared alternately.
It was a dynamic changing process,
in which
the amount of secretion increased or decreased with the changes in the quality of the process.
2.
The
inner
consciousness
action
process
can
significantly
affect
the
biochemical
constituents of the secreted
bile,
such as
total bilirubin and total cholesterol.
In two patients
with weak inner consciousness action process
(they practised qigong for
3 months)
,
the
total
bilirubin
increased by
18. 32%
and
18. 09%
respectively
as compared with
that during
the
resting state before and after practising qigong ,
and
the total cholesterol increased by
10. 9%
and
7. 68%
respectively.
As
the
inner
consciousness
action
process
is
a
dynamically
changeable one,
i, e.
the good,
common and weak states appear alternately,
the biochemical
constituents
of
the
bile
(total
bilirubin and
total
cholesterol)
increase
or
decrease with
the
changes in the quality of the process.
3. The inner consciousness action process has a great effect on blood pressure.
The effect
changes according
to the
locations where
the
inner
consciousness
action
process takes
place.
The results obtained from a tested qigong master showed that before and after practising qigong ,
the mean
B. P.
was
138.9 /90.6 mm Hg,
whereas when
the
inner
consciousness
action
process
took
place
at
the
navel
Dantian,
the mean
B. P.
was 124.0/ 83.8 mm Hg,
at
Yongquan (K 1)
121. 5/81. 3mm Hg, and at Baihui (Du 20)
167. 2/126. 6 mm Hg.
I know from these experimental results that:
(1) The
conscious
process
in which
the
"involuntary
activities”
of
the human body
change apparently during the qigong state
is an objectively existing process.
(2) Supposing the indices of involuntary functional activity in the qigong state and in the
resting state before the exercise are equal to g (t)
and g 0
,
then the change of the involuntary
functional activity during the inner consciousness action process
is as follows;
Ag(t) =g(t)-g
(3) When the inner consciousness action process takes place at different locations and
is
produced by different gestures,
styles and contents,
it has different effects on the involuntary
functional activities.
(4)
The degree of change in involuntary functional activity Ag(t) depends mainly on the
quality and strength of the inner consciousness action process.
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(5) The inner consciousness action process
is a basic prerequisite for the production and
development of the qigong state.
A PRIMARY OBSERVATION ON MICROCIRCULATION OF NAIL
FOLD AND IMMUNOGENICITY AFTER QIGONG PRACTICE FOR
SHORT PERIOD
Hong Shunhua, Tao Chun, Han Liantang et
al.
(Wcifang Medical College, Shandong province, China)
Many
facts
have
proved
that
qigong
is
helpful
to
the
health
of
the
people,
but
the
mechanism has not been studied in detail. We tried to compare the changes of immunogen icity
and microcirculation of nail fold in 38 persons who did qigong exercise before and after twenty
days to research the effect of
it.
The 38 persons we selected were the students of
Chanmi Gong
class.
There were 16 persons who had practised various qigong exercises,
the others had not
done any qigong exercise ever.
The youngest was 18 years old and the oldest was 71 years by
age.
Most of them were healthy,
but there were patients with hypertension,
coronary heart
diseases and diabetes. We used a WX-253 type microcirculating microscope made in China to
examine
the microcirculation of
nail
fold
of
the
persons who did
the
qigong exercise twenty
days before and
after.
At the same time,
we took the vein blood
oi
each one,
with 1640
medium for lymphocyte cell culturing,
(37°C,
culturing for 48 hours),
using
3H-TdR uptake
of
lymphocyte
transformation
essay,
using
the
serum
with
seroptotein
eletrophoresis
on
cellulose acetate sheet and ATAGO optic densitometer scanning to determine the ratio of serum
albumin and al
, a2 ,
(3 , y globulin.
Since there were
less in
cases and difference in ages or
health conditions,
so above indexes were compared with before and after the qigong exercise by
self-control, then statistical analysis by an Apple II computer was done,
The results of our studies are as follows;
1.
Microcirculation of nail fold;
The mean of the abnormal tubes of the group who did
not do the qigong exercise ever decreased in number after the exercise for twenty days.
There
was significant difference
( X + SD
:
2. 55 zt 1* 68and
1. 68+ 1. 17; t = 2. 84, P<C0. 01).
It
can be considered that
qigong can improve the microcirculation of the
body.
The mean of the
abnormal tubes
of
the group who had done
qigong
ever
also decreased
in number
after
the
\
\
exercise for the same duration ( X +SD ; 2. 88 + 1. 78 and 2. 31 + 1.
4 )
.
(But t=l. 5, P>
0. 05)
It had no
significant
difference.
However,
there was.no marked
difference
in
the
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length of the tubes and the numbers of tubes.
2.
Lymphocyte transformation test;
There was high difference before and after the qigong
exercise in the two groups
(P<C0. 01),
when we did not lead with PHA.
It may be thought
that
qigong could
effect
the
level
of
basic
proliferation
of lymphocyte.
When we
led them
with PHA,
there was significant difference in the group who had done exercise
(t= 2. 31,
P
<C 0. 05)
.
The
other
group’s lymphocyte transformation
level
increased
too,
but
it had no
significance by statistical treatment (P>0. 05).
3. Serum
with
seroprotein
electrophoresis
on
cellulose
acetate
sheet;
The
ratio
of
the
percentage
of immunoglobins
of
the two groups were increased
after
the
qigong
exercise
for
twenty days,
there was
significant
difference
( X + SD ;
36. 29 ±5.0%
and 48.03 +
7. 53%. t=6. 02,
P<0. 01)
.
It can be considered that qigong can raise the immunogenicity
of the body.
Through our studies we have observed
that qigong can prevent and cure diseases,
one of
the mechanism
is that qigong can improve the microcirculation and elevate the immunogenicity
of the body.
Especially
it
is suitable for preventing and curing common diseases of the aged,
such as cardiovascular diseases and cerebral vascular diseases.
CHANGES OF BLOOD VISCOSITY AND RCG
IN 44 CASES WITH CARDIOVASCULAR
DISEASES AFTER THE QIGONG EXERCISE
Chu Weizong et al
(Shanghai Qigong Institute, Shanghai, China)
1.
Material and method;
Fourty-four
patients
of
about
years
old
(30
males
and
females)
with
hypertension,
ischemic heart disease or cardio insufficiency,
etc.
were divided into 2 groups
to undergo the
qigong
training.
The
qigong exercise used was
a combination of quiescent and
dynamic forms.
The traning lasted 4-6 months.
The BJ values were computerized from 8 items by blood rheological examinations;
whole
blood
viscosity,
hematocrit,
cellular
electrophoresis,
sedimentation
rate and
its
k
value,
plasma viscosity and reduction viscosity.
The blood viscosity was considered normal when the
BJ value was 50 and abnormal
if the value reached 51—70, and “ warning” as
it exceeded 71.
In addition, we examined the rheocardiogram (RCG)
in 39 cases,
including SV, Co and
Cl.
2.
Results and discussion;
(1)
BJ value*
In the
1st group among 27 cases the mean BJ value was 69. 41 + 26. 85
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before
the
training,
and
54. 25 + 26. 8
after
the
training.
The
decrease was
statistically
significant
(P<C0. 02),
though the value remained
in the abnorma. range.
In
cases of
hypertension the Bp*dropped from
141. 5/84. 7mmHg
to
127. 3/75. 3mmHg when they had
gone through the course of qigong training,
in the meantime the blooc
viscosity decreased and
the symptoms relieved.
The 2nd group included 17
cases.
After the training the BJ valr.es decreased from
66. 2
+ 22. 8
to 62. 8 + 23. 9,
although there was no significance in
statistics,
but in the control
group
(9 cases)
its BJ values increased from
40. 59 + 25. 4 to 59. 7+ 24. 6 (P<C0. 05),
the
difference between them was found to be very significant on the X
test (P<0. 025).
On the other hand,
for some patients who did not do the exercise well,
the results were
negative.
(2)
The changes of impedance rheogram
;
cases were examined with RCG,
it was
found each index of RCG was increased; SV ;
from 85. 02ml to 112. 8ml, CO
:
from 5. 89L
to
7. 69L,
Cl;
from
3. 48
to
4. 58.
These changes were much
significant
after
statistical
treatment (the
t test) (P<0. 001).
According to Liang Zijun
et al,
the blood
viscosity
is high in most cases of blood stasis
and
is lowered after
the treatment with Chinese medicinal
herbs
to promote blood circulation
and remove blood stasis.
The qigong exercise,
a non-medication treatment may
act. to promote
blood circulation and remove blood stasis,
and possibly,
the cerebral cortex and neurohumoral
factors may play a key role in its mechanism.
A PRELIMINARY STUDY OF THE RELATIONSHIP
BETWEEN QIGONG AND ENERGY META] HOLISM
THE CHANGES OF THE BLOOD ATP CONTENT
IN QIGONG MASTERS IN THE QIGONG STATE
Wang Zhengchang, Huang Jian and Wu Zijuan
,
(Shanghai Qigong Institute, Shanghai, China)
Recently
it has been reported
that
the emitted
qi by
qigong
masters may have
material
foundation and the internal
qi cultivation can promote health.
In
this paper,
the relationship
between qigong and energy metabolism was studied.
The ATP content was measured with 20
pi
blood drawn from the ring finger of the
qigong masters before and
after the
qigong exercise,
and
at
rest
by
the
method
of
bioluminescence
assay.
The
instrument
(FG—30
Type
Luminescence Meter)
and the chief reagent
( luciferase—luciferin)
we*e produced by Shanghai
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Plant Physiology Institute,
The experiments were conducted in three groups.
1.
The experimental group; The blood was drawn from a qigong master’s ring finger after
he had taken a short
rest before he exercised qigong and entered the qigong
state.
If he could
emit qi 9
he would do
it for 5-10 minutes.
If he exercised internal
qi cultivation ,
he would do
it for half an hour.
After the qigong exercise the blood was drawn again.
After
rest for half
an hour the blood was drawn
once more.
2.
The control group;
The above procedure was
repeated on
the second day
but
the
qigong masters
did
not
exercise
qigong .
3.
The healthy
group; Healthy persons did as the qigong master did
in the same time.
The results are as follow;
In 10 healthy persons the blood ATP contents were constant during the experiment.
In 9
qigong masters
in
the
control group
the
blood ATP
contents
did
not
change markedly.
The
blood ATP contents in
1 1
qigong masters after emitting their
qi decreased markedly
(the mean
decrease by
1. 31 X 10 -4 M)
compared with that of the healthy group (P<C0. 01).
The blood
ATP contents
in
qigong masters
after
cultivating
the
internal
qi increased markedly
(the
mean increase by
0. 54 X 10~ 4M) compared with that of the healthy and the control group
(P
<C0. 05)
.
The blood ATP contents in both groups of qigong masters were recovered after rest.
5.
Qigong
masters were observed
continually.
First,
they
exercised
qigong,
cultivating
the
internal qi, then they emitted their
qi.
The blood ATP contents changed as above.
Typical cases;
1.
Qigong Master Lin,
Male,
46 years old,
having exercised
“Shaolin Neigong”
for more,
than 30 years,
is able to
treat
or anaesthetize patients with his emitted
qi,
Gu Hansen who
worked in the Atomic Nucleus Institute of the Chinese Academy of Science confirmed that the
emitted qi by Lin
is
“infrared wave with slow modulation. ”
The blood ATP content was
7. 5
X 1CH
4M
5. 9 X 10 _4M and
7. 3 X 10 -4 M respectively before and
after the qigong exercise
and after rest.
2.
Qigong Master Chai,
Male,
49 years old,
having exercised
“Three Way Relaxation
Qigong”
for more than 20 years.
His blood ATP content was
5. 9 X 10~ 4 M,
5. 6 X 10 _4M
and 7. IX 10“ 4 M respectively before and after the qigong exercise and after rest.
The results were discussed.
The emitted
qi may have the material foundation because the
blood ATP contents decreased after the
qi emitted.
It promotes anabolism and increases cAMP
level during the internal qi cultivation so that health may be improved.
Lastly,
three main factors which affected these results were discussed.
1.
The changes of the blood ATP content after the qigong exercise and after
rest varied
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with the pattern of exercise and his on condition.
2.
The duration of qigong practice influenced the changes of the blood ATP content.
3.
The
qigong
masters
could
hardly
entered
the
completely
normal
state
in
the
experiment.
AN EXPERIMENT OF THE EMITTED QI ON ANIMALS
Liu Tehfu, Wan Minsheng and Lu Oulun
(Shanghai Medical University-II , Shanghai, China)
To prove
if
the
emitted
qi has an
effect on
destroying sarcoma
cells completely,
we
invited,
in June
1986,
four
qigong
masters who
all had
the
experience
for
treating some
chronic diseases with their emitted
qi.
They emitted their
qi for 5 times in the experiment and
one of them repeated his test twice.
The animals used as the subjects of experiment were 60 BABL/C thoroughbread.
The experiment began firstly with the sarcoma SI 80 tissue embeded under the skin of the
right axilla of the mice.
In 10 days
time,
the sarcoma grew into
1 cm
3 in size.
Then
it was
extirpated and broken into pieces for transplanting under the same region of the mice used in
experiment.
On
the
4th day
after
the sarcoma were
planted,
hemoporphyrin
0. 4-0. 5
ml.
(lOmg/kgm body weight) was injected into the peritoneum of 30 mice.
Another 30 mice
(the
control group) were injected normal saline of the same dosage (hereafter simply called “blood”
and “water”).
hours
after
the
injection,
the
qigong
masters
began
to
emit
their
qi.
The
room
temeprature was
20° C — 22°C.
Every
qigong
master
emitteef his
qi
to
mice,
including
(blood) and 3
(water).
The mice in the control group were also 3
(blooi) and 3 (water).
During the experiment the qigong group mice were placed on the operating table with the
sarcoma region exposed.
They received the emitted qi one by one for 5 minutes,
twice a day,
one in the morning and one in the afternoon.
The control group was treated in the same way
except
without
receiving
the
emitted
qi.
The
experiment
lasted
for
days,
each mouse
received the emitted
qi for 6 times.
Afterwards,
the mice were
still fed for a day.
Then,
all
the mice were
killed and
their sarcoma were extirpated for weighing,
smears were made for
examination.
The blood smears
of every mouse were
also made.
At
last the sarcomas were
fixed up for microscopic and electron microscopic examination.
Results •
1.
The weight of the sarcomas treated by the emitted
qi
all were lighter than that of the
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control group (P<0. 001).
2.
Observation under a microscope;
( 1 )
The numbers of mitotic phenomenon of the qigong group were 50 %
less than that of
the control group.
(2)
Smear observation;
The qigong group showed the nuclei condense,
nuclei broken and
nuclei dissolved.
The control group did not show these phenomena.
(3)
The blood smears- of the mice in the qigong group and the control group
all showed
sarcoma cells, but the numbers of the sarcoma cells were less in the qigong group.
(4) Observation under an electron microscope;
The control group ;
A.
Sarcoma
cells arranged in order ?
B. Plenty of mitochondria with
inside structures perfect;
C.
Lysosomes seen.
The
qigong group?
A.
Form-changed
of many
vacuoles
in
the nucleolus,
part
of
the
nuclear membrane ruptured;
B.
Swollen mitochondria with the cryistals broken and vacuoles;
C.
Markedly bigger lysosomes about 2-3 times than the lysosomes seen in the control group,
more
materials
swallowed
seen
inside
the
big
lysosomes.
Under
an
electron
microscope
although there were
lots of dead sarcoma
cells
in
the
qigong group,
few sarcoma
cells with
mitoses could be seen.
This experiment lasted for
3 days and the qigong masters
felt
tired. We concluded
it was
difficult to destroy the malignant tumor completely only by the emitted
qi . A combination of
the emitted qi with the internal
qi formed in trained patients for curing the malignant tumor
is
an interest subject to be studied.
A STUDY OF BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF THE EMITTED QI WITH
TRADESCANTIC PALUDOSA MICRONUCLEAR TECHNIQUE
Sun Silu and Tao Chun
(Wcifang Medical College, Shandong province, China)
Scientific experiments have confirmed that the emitted
qi can be used to produce different
effects on external
objects,
such
as plants,
human beings,
etc.
The emitted
qi also has a
special function in medical treatments.
What
is especially noteworthy
is that
it can be used to
treat difficult cases and cancer.
The tradescantic paludosa micronuclear technique established by Professor Ma Dehsiu of
Western Illinois State University in the United States was used to determine that the
qi emitted
with the intention of protecting flowers will decrease the rate of appearance of micronuclei in
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the
tetrads formed
after
meiosis
of
the
pollen mother
cells and
that
the
qi emitted with the
intention
of
injuring
the
flowers
will
increase
the
rate
of appearance
of
micronuclei
in
the
terads.
According
to
statistics
there
is
a
significant
difference between
the experimental group
and the control group.
The experiments show that the
qi emitted under control of the mind has a bi-directional
effect
on
the chromosomes
of
hereditary
materia^.
It may
protect aid
also
destroy.
The
protective
effect
provides
theoretical
evidence
for
using
the emitted
qi
to prevent and
treat
cancer,
and
counteract
the
hereditary
toxicity
imposed
on
the body
by
radiotherapy
and
chemotherapy.
And
it
also proves that
the emitted
qi has
a marked
protective
effect on
the
hereditary
material
before
and
during
the
chromosome
damage
caused
by
chemotherapy.
Therefore,
when
the emitted
qi
is
used
for
medical treatment ,
the emphasis should be on
prevention and early treatment.
This
paper
also
suggests
that
the
appearance
rate
of
micronuclei
may
serve
as
a
measurement of intensity of the active factor,
so
it
is possible to use the
skill of tradescantic
paludosa to determine the force of the emitted
qi.
The experiments show that the effect of the emitted
qi
is related to the mental activity of
the qigong master.
It can be said that the emitted
qi has the properties of a mental message.
This'‘furthers the studying of the nature of the emitted
qi.
THE EFFECTS OF TAOIST QIGONG ON THE PHOTON EMISSION
FROM THE BODY SURFACE AND CELLS
Liu Yaning, Zhao Xinhua and Cao
jie
(Xidiaoyutai Hospital,
Beijing, China)
Hu Yulan and Zhao Yungsheng
(Special members of Chinese Qigong Science Research Society, Beijing, China)
By the
ultraweak luminescence measuring technique,
we have preliminarily approached
the photon emission from qigong masters* body surface before and after the qigong exercise,
and
explored the effects of qigong on the spontaneous luminescence from
cells.
1.
The photon emission from the' qigong masters* body surface.
A probe of our Single Photon Counter was gently put on the right Laogong
(P 8)
of the
qigong master
in
a dark room and the emission intensity counts were measured
(the spectral
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response was 300-650nm;
the integal times were 10 sec.
)
The results showed
that when
the
qigong exercise was being done,
the photon emission
from the master’s Laogong (P 8) was distinctly less than that before the exercise
(their counts
were X, — 67, SD, = 7. 3;X 2 = 1559, SD 2 = 33.
7 respectively)
(P<0. 001)
.
It has been
reported
that the body spontaneous luminescence
in
the 300-650nm
region
is mainly due
to
lipid
perosidation ,
corresponding
to
a
consuming
process,
and
the
body
surface
photon
emission
from
the
aged
smokers
and
patients
suffering
from
inflammation
was
evidently
greater than that from the healthy persons.
It might be deduced that besides the apparent biological function the qigong exercise may
show significant automodulating
effects on
the masters themselves,
i. e.
,
enabling them
to
enter a highly exciting
state,
as
well
as reducing their unnecessary and even harmful body
dissipation to a great extent.
2.
The effects of qigong on the spontaneous luminescence from cells.
(1)
The effect on the
“mitosis radiation”
of the bean sprouts;
Ten bean sprouts were
placed on the bottom of a cuvette,
and
their luminosity was counted.
Then the cuvette was
placed
on a
qigong
master’s
right Laogong
(P
8)
and
the
effect
of
qigong
on them
was
observed.
The comparison of the emission intensities before and after the qigong exercise was
:
X l = 2510,SDi = 10,2;X 2 = 3122,SD 2 = 71. 3
respectively.
It
proves
that
qigong
may
increase
the spontaneous luminescence from
the bean sprouts
(P<C 0.001)
.
Those photon
emissions were regarded
to be caused by the
cell mitosis,
so we might consider that qigong
is
able to promote the root cell division of the bean sprouts.
(2)
The effect on the
fetal hepatocyte ;
The photon emission from the fetal hepatocyte
suspensions
(both in 199 culture and in cryoprotcctive agent, DMSO)
and from their control
blanks
(solutions
of
199
culture and DMSO)
were measured
before and
after
the
qigong
exercise.
Before and after the exercise,
the intensities counts of the two control blanks showed
no significant differences (for 199 culture,
counts were 119. 4± 13. 2 and 139. 5+14. 2;
for
DMSO,
181+ 22. 8 and 194. 5+ 2. 3 respectively (P>0. 05)
,
but the photon emission from
the hepatocyte suspensions after the qigong exercise was obviously greater than that before the
exercise
(the counts were 647. 0+ 85.
1 and 243. 3 + 8. 8,
392. 3 + 28. 5 and 181. 3 + 15. 6
respectively
(P+ 0 . 001)).
Other had no such evident effects on the same cell suspensions.
It should be mentioned that
after
the
qigong exercise and the hepatocyte suspension was
remaining standing
still
for
minutes,
the
luminosity
counts
decreased
to a low
level
for
about
172 + 2.
When
the
exercise was done
again
the counts immediately
increased up
to
239. 8+141. 1.
Then another cessation followed,
the counts decreased rapidly down to 174. 3
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±2. 1, much lower than those before the qigong exercise (392. 3 + 28. 5).
The above data verifies that qigong may enhance the hepatocyte sponta neous luminscence,
but its mechanism
still needs further investigation.
AN EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH OF QIGONp FOR
ANTISENILITY, KEEPING FIT IN MIDDLE-AGED INTELLECTUALS
Yang Runliang, Yang Intang and Hong Hoqiao
32 managers and administrators studying
at
the Gangsu Economic |vlanagement
College
were tested.
All of them were males by an average age of 35. 71.
The Contents and methods of study.
Testing indexs?
TSH, FSH, LH, IgG and Fe-Protein.
The pattern of the
qigong exercise?
Quiescent form of qigong exercise was done 3 times
(morning,
noon and night)
for about 30 minutes for each time. A month later the duration
prolonged to an hour for each time.
The change of the five testing indexes are as follows?
Index
Before the qigong
After the qigong
10. 22+ 1. 28
'
8. 72 + 3. 25
7. 29 + 5. 20
8. 30+ 3. 37
9.8+ 1.04
4. 81 + 2. 69
4. 73+ 3. 57
12. 09 + 5. 20
Fe-Prot.
181. 55+ 130. 7
2838 + 178.
>0. 05
< 0 . 01
0. 01<P<0. 05
< 0 . 01
< 0 . 01
Discussion
:
The human body
is an integrated
self-adjusting system.
It
is said in traditional Chinese
medicine that “blood
is commanded by
qi. ”
It means the circulation of blood is generated by qi
which in turn
is based on the energy of blood.
In performing the qigong
exercise through the
regulation
of
the
body,
mind and
breath,
a
qigong
functional
state
appears.
The
energy
produced by
this state would be changed and increased from quantity to quality.
Therefore,
useful physiological changes; in the* body would occur alongside the gradually deepening of the
self-adjusting function.
^
The blood sample was taken from the tested persons before and after
the qigong. exercises
for 90
days.
The separated serum was kept
in a refrigerator.
Results
w^is obtained with the
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analytical method of radio immune RTA.
The normal
Fe-protein
value
is
160 + 152
ng / ml
in
the Lanzhou
areas.
It
greatly
increased after the qigong exercise,
indicating that the metabolism of the brain accelerated,
the
functions
of
the
nervous
system,
immune
system,
digestion
absorption
and
muscular
movement strenthened.
IgG
is an important substance of immunity and
it
is of about 75%
of a gram of serum.
The neutralization of the exotoxin of bacteria
is
its important function because
it can combine
the exotoxin quickly and clear away the toxicity of
it,
providing more energy of antitoxins in
the body where
the
toxins were
infected.
The amount
of IgG
in
the serum can
be
greatly
increased
after
the
qigong
exercise.
That
is
to say
that
the
qigong
exercise can improve
the
immunity and anti-infectious immunity
TSH
(thyroxine hormone promoter)
showed slight decrease after the qigong exercise.
It
may be a result of the physiological activity of the hypothalamus changing from randomness to
nonrandmness after the qigong exercise.
The decrease
of LH
(Luteum hormone promoter)
and FSH
(ovum growing hormone
promoter)
which are secreted by the hypophysis to the normal ranges after the qigong exercise
indicates
a
regulation
of
the
function
of
the
process from
the
sex
ability
to a
condition
of
storing of the sperm of the middle-aged.
Then
the imbalance endocrine
of the body can be
regulated and the organs be strenthened, and finally the kidney function is activited.
AN EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH OF THE CHANGES OF
BLOOD VOLUME IN THE BRAIN AND THE CHANGES OF
THE HEART BATE IN THE QIGONG STATE AND PSI STATE
Wei Shouzhang et al
(Taiyuan Railway Hospital, Shanxi province, China)
The qigong state consists of two
still state and dynamic state.
Those who have Psi can
show their psychokinesis
state.
These
states are
all
relatd
to mental
activities.
People doing
qigong exercise all stay awake, but their awake feelings are different from others.
According to our working hypothesis ,
the same instrument and leads ,
and the method of
comparison with the same persons before and
after experiments were used
to
investigate
the
physiological brain
effects in the qigong state and Psi
state.
The subjects
in the experimantal
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group ,
having calmed down for 15-20 minutes,
closed their eyes and ha 1 a REG
test. When
the experiment began,
detailed records should be
kept. Their mean value was determined by
three
rhythmical
waves
of REG.
The mean
value
of
the
heart
rate
was
determined
by
intervals
of
the
three waves
of REG.
These
data
were
used
as
the
objective
criteria
in
comparison in the experiment.
There were three persons in the experiment.
One of them did
the quiescent qigong exercise.
The second did
the dynamic qigong exercise,
The third had Psi.
According to the method mentioned above,
the
first two persons were tested by REG for 34
times
respectively.
The
last one was
tested 45
times.
There were 73
persons in
the control
group,
53 of which conducted mental arithmetic.
The remaining people were sitting quietly.
people were
all
given REG
test
too.
The data of the experimental $roup were compared
with those of the control group.
The experiment
indicated that
the amplitude value of REG was reduced from
0. 1594Q
(before doing qigong exercise)
to
0. 1157Q
(P<70. 001)
after they had done the quiescent
qigong exercise with their eyes closed and
their mind concentrating at the
lower abdominal area
(or Dantian)
,
and
that the amplitude value of REG reduced from
0. 2544Q
(before doing
qigong exercise)
to 0. 2359Q (P<0. 01)
in those who had done the dynamic qigong exercise,
but their heart rates had no obvious change.
The experiment showed thal
the blood volume of
the
cerebral
blood
vessels
of
the
forebrain
of
those who
did
the
qigong
exercise
obviously
reduced,
while their heart rate did not apparently change. When the pec pie entered the qigong
state,
these changes were not identical to those of the normal physiological rules of the body,
because there appeared an inherent self-adjustment
in
the
brain and
the whole body.
Those
people who had Psi showed their psychokinesis,
their amplitude value of REG increased from
0. 276Q
(before the experiment)
to
0. 38 IQ
(P<0. 05)
.
It indicated
:hat the blood volume
in the cerebral blood vessels of the forebrain increased obviously ,
but the change of their heart
rate was
not
apparent
(P > 0. 25)
.
When
the
persons
having
Psi
did
not
show
their
psychokinesis,
their
amplitude
value
reduced
form
0. 313Q
(before
the
experiment)
to
0. 278Q
(P<0. 02)
.
It indicated that the blood volume in the brain wis obviously less than
that before the experiment,
and the change of the heart
rate became obviously slow (P<
0. 01) 0
It has been shown by
the experiment
that
the change of the blood volume
in the
brain was out of proportion
to that
of the heart
rate and was not
identical with that of the
normal physiological
rules of the body. We can
see that there
is a close connection between
the change of the cerebral function and the change of the blood volume in the cerebral blood
vessels of the forebrain when the persons having Psi show their psychokinesis.
This
is because
their
brain
is
in
a
state
of
special
function
when
the
persons
having
Psi
show
their
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psychokinesis.
In
the 53
cases
of
the
control group
the
process
of mental
arithmetic could
cause the reduction of the blood volume in the cerebral blood vessels of the forebrain and the
increase of the heart
rate
(P>0. 001)
.
Furthermore,
in
the
control group,
another 20
persons were sitting calmly only.
There were no apparent changes of REG and the heart rate
30 minutes later (P>0. 05).
For this reason,
it shows that the qigong state,
whether in quiescent or dynamic state and
Psi state evidently, has a typical function of their own.
EFFECTS OF THE QIGONG EXERCISE ON THE CONTENT OF
MONOAMINE NEURO-TRANSMITTERS IN BLOOD
Liu Binghuai,
Jiao Jle and Chen Quanzhu
(Anhui College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Anhui province, China)
Li Yefu, Shang Lili
(Affiliated Hospital, Anhui College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Anhui province, China)
It
is
well
accepted
that
qigong
contributes
to
preventing
and
curing
of
diseases
and
prolonging
life.
To
study
its mechanisms,
the
authors
observed by means
of
fluoresence
spectrophotometry
in
subjects
the
variations
of
blood
contents
of
monoamine
neuro-
transmitters before and after the qigong exercises
( 5-hydroxytamine ,
5-1 IT;
norepinephrine,
NE; and dopamine, DA).
44 of the subjects were males, 24 females,
their age ranging from
25 to 68 years old,
with an average age of 48.
They all had practised the qigong exercise for
one month.
All of them were patients of common chronic diseases,
such
as hypertention
,
coronary heart disease ,
gastric ulcer ,
gastritis ,
pul monary emphysema ,
chronic bronchitis
,
joint system diseases, neurasthenia and neurosis.
Results observed;
1. A comparison of monoamine neurotransmitter contents in the blood of the subjects pre-
and post-exercise showed a general reduction in 5-HT,
averagely from
0. 42 + 0. 21
to
0. 21
+ 0.
I 3ug/m]
,'
close to the normal value
(normal value
0. 15+ 0. 04pg/ml)
.
The difference
was notable
(P<C0. 001)
.
Variations in NE and DA tended to go up,
averagely NE being
from
0. 27 ± 0. 13
to
0. 35 ± 0. 27pg/ml,
DA from
0. 86 ± 0. 69
to
1. 19 ± 0. 81pg/ml.
Variation of DA displayed a
statistical difference of P <0. 02.
The above description showed
that the effect of the qigong exercise
is closely related to the monoamine neuro-transmitters in
the body fluid.
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2. Effects of the qigong exercise on the blood monoamine neurotransmitters of patients of
different diseases*
The subjects were divided into 5 groups according to the nature of their disease.
Subjects
in each group showed
reduction
in
blood 5-HT
content 'after
they had
practised
the
qigong
exercise.
(1) The group of cardiovascular disease:
from
0. 4 3 + 0. 34 to 0. 16+ 0. llpg/m]
(n=
13).
(2)
The group of gastric disease ; from
0. 38+ 0. 19to
0. 22+ 0. 13tg/ml(n= 20)
(3)
The group of joint system diseasejfrom 0. 44+ 0. 21 to
0. 18i 0. 13pg/ml (n= 10)
(4)
The group of respiratory system disease : from
0. 44 + 0. 2+ to 0. 22 + 0. 12pg/ml(n=
8 )
(5) The gruoup of other diseases
(neurasthenia, neurosis)
: from C. 42 + 0. 22 to 0. 25+
0.
14pg/ml(n=13).
In
all the groups except the fourth group, variations in 5-HT content in comparison with
the pre-exercise values, were respectively P (0. 01,
(0. 01,
<0. 05,
<0. 05. The difference was
obvious. The
post-exercise
blood
content
of DA
in
various groups
roijse
up remarkably.
An
evident difference was seen in the 2nd group
(P <0. 05)
. The NE content was seen to rise in
the 5th group
(P
<0. 05),
while
in other groups the variation was not obvious.
In
all the
above
groups,
the
content
of
vasoconstrictor
substance
5-HT
dropped
to
the
normal
concentration
level,
resulting
in
sufficient blood supply
for the
local
tissues and organs.
It
also improved blood flow,
promoted metabolism and strengthened the physiological function of
the cells in the tissues, thus helping restore health, adding to the efficacy of qigong.
The authors
claim
that
the
qigong
exercise
helps
regulate
the function
of
the
neuralgic
system, and the monoamine neuro-transmitters participate in the whole process.
1. The
qigong
exercise
helps
regulate
the neuro-body
fluid
inner environment.
Through
regulating the 5-HT blood concentration in the neuro-transmitters of parasympathetic nerve,
it
causes the extra high blood 5-HT of the cardiovascular patients to drop to the normal level.
It
also dilates the coronary artery,
improves the physiological functions,
resulting in the relief of
symptoms.
2. The qigong exercise helps build or strengthen the physiological function of the digestive
system.
The exercise exerts an influence on the control of nerves that govern the activities of
the internal organs.
It
is shown by variation in the blood content of neuro-transmitters NE,
DA,
and 5-HE,
with 5-HE getting lower and DA getting higher,
facilitating local blood flow
and metabolism in the tissues.
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3. Through regulating the concentration of pain producer 5-HE in the peripheral blood,
the
qigong exercise achieves an analgesic
effect.
The drop of 5-HE content
is relative
to the
result of analgesia.
This fact shows the drop of 5-HE
is good for invigorating blood circulation
and reducing extravasation,
which is a proof of the TCM principle; “pain removes when block
is eliminated”.
The
qigong
exercise
results
in
preventing and
curing
of
diseases.
It
helps
regulate
the
nerve-body
fluid
inner environment,
promotes
activities
of organs and
maintains dynamic
equilibrium of the organism through self-stabilization.
A PRELIMINARY STUDY ON THE CARDIAC FUNCTIONAL
POTENTIAL EVOKED BY THE QIGONG EXERCISE
Bao Guojin and Feng Shaoxiang
(Xing Cheng Air Force Sanatorium, China)
In
order
to
probe
into
the
effect
of
the
qigong
exercise
in
excitation
of
the
cardiac
functional
potentials,
and
in
prevention and
treatment
of
cardiovascular
diseases we have
observed
the
physiological
effect
of
the
heart function influenced by the
qigong
exercise
days before and after practice and measured the physiological loading intensity and the thermal
effect of acupoints during the exercise with a PWCm function
test.
The subjects were divided
into two
groups.
The
qigong group
included
healthy
people by an
average
age
of 40.5
years,
the control group consisted of 20 healthy people who were undergoing craunotherapy.
Their average age was 36. 4.
The experimental results are as follows;
1. PWCm
function
test;
We
measured
the PWCm
value
of
the
qigong
group who
exercised
Shaolin Noijin
Yizichan qigong 30 days before and
after
practice.
The exercise done
twice a day,
54 minutes
for
each.
The control group’s PWC value was measured 30 days
before and after the craunotherapy.
The subjects were given two different loading,
3 minutes
for each with an interval
of
minutes.
At
2. 5 munites the measure
of the
heart
rate was
done
for
half
minute.
Then
the PWC 17 o
value and V0 22 max was
calculated.
The
result
indicated the finished power of the qigong group was raised by 574. 94
kg. m/min.
after the
qigong exercise while the control group only increased by 83. 75 kg. m/min.
(P (0. 05)
.
The
qigong
group’s V0 2 max
increased by
0. 97L/min.
after
the exercise,
whereas the
control
group’s by
0. 14L/min.
(P <0. 05)
.
It shows that the qigong exercise has a marked effect on
excitation of the cardiac functional potential.
* 2. The physiological loading intensity; We measured the resting state heart rate before the
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qigong
exercise
and
the
recovery
heart
rate
minutes
after
the
exercise
with
a PV-701
WRIST-WANTCH-STYLE PULSE MONITOR.
The heart rate during the exercise
(lasting for
minutes)
was measured every two minutes.
The
resting
state
heart
rate was
73. 4
per
minute
before
the
exercise,
the average
rate was
94. 3
per min.
anld
the
highest
rate was
124. 4 /per min.
During the exercise the recovery rate was 82. 7/per min.
after the exercise.
These results
tell us that the qigong exercise
is a kind of light endurable loading exercise,
its
physiological loading intensity does not exceed 50% of the maximum intaking oxygen.
It
is a
small amount of exercise suitable for the patients of heart trouble.
3. The thermal effect of acupoints ; We measured the change of the skin temperature of
the middle fingertip,
Laogong (P8),
Yintang
(Extra)
, Baihui (Du 20) and
Sanginjiao
(Sp
6)
before and after the exercise with a semiconductor
point thermometer.
Here
is the result.
There was a very significant change of temperature’ at Laogong
(P 8)
before and after the
exercise (P<0. 01),
the average temperature increasing by
1. 3°C;
temperature on Baihui (Du
20)
increased by 1°C;
temperature on the middle fingertip and Yintang
(Extral)
increased by
0.
7°C and
0. 8°C respectively;
temperature oh Sanyinjiao
(Sp 6)
decreased by
0. 1°C.
The
increase
of
skin temperature
of acupoints shows
that
the
qigong
exercise can promote blood
circulation and expand the capillary.
According to the above tests we can conclude.
1. The qigong exercise can excite the cardiac functional potential,
i>WG170 function test
is
a measurement for the quantitative exercise tolerance test of the heart function. PWGuo value
is depended on the heart volume,
and people who have a larger volume gained higher power,
which increased by 148%
after the exercise than before.
It shows that the qigong exercise can
bring cardiac reserve into
full play,
increasing the cardiac systole and
diastole volume,
and
,
enhancing the heart muscle contractive power.
2. When those who did the exercise bore a smaller physiological loading intensity,
their
heart rate
is 128% of that in the resting state,
helpful to lighten the burden of the heart and
decrease
the
myocardial oxygen
consumption.
This
exercise
is
advisable
for
the weak
old
j
people and for those having chronic diseases,
especially heart trouble.
3. The acupoint thermal
effect was markedly seen during the
exercise.
The
increase of
acupoint
skin temperature
is
helpful
to
increase
the
excitability
of
the
muscle and nervous
j
system and to heighten metabolism and cardiovascuclar function.
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SPECULATION ON THE MEDIA OF QIGONG
Manaka , Yoshio
(Kitasa to, Institute.
Siroganc 5-9-1. » Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan)
Qigong
exercise
is
not
mere
physical
training,
and
qigong
treatment
is
not
a
simple
physiotherapy.
What
is
essentiacl
is
that
qigong
procedure
is
an
art
in which
qi
plays an
important
role.
However,
it
is not easy
to define
it with
scientific
terms.
The author has
much interest in the
“biological information system” and the
“media”
which are unbelievably
minute and accurate in the system,
but often too fine to detect them in detail.
The author has
enough reason to believe that certain part of the concepts of qi indicates such delicate biological
information media which have many characteristics in common with qi ,
untouchable,
invisible
or inaudible, yet one can recognize their functions one way or another.
The author proposes several topics about some biological information media which might
give certain suggestions to explain the modus operandi of the qi activities.
(1)
OMURA^s TEST applied to the abdominal diagnosis.
(2)
MANAKA*s COLOUR-TEST of the five element points.
(3)
KATSUMATA’s molecular wave.
-
( 4 ) KATSUMATA’s afterimage-agent
(5)MANAKA/s series-effect
(1)
OMURA
?s 0-RING-TEST*consists of “a” input and “b” output.
For example,
if one
touches a point where pathological occurrence
exists,
“a”
input causes finger muscle tonus
reduction,
“a”
is too minute to be called as nervous stimulation to occur nervous reflex.
It
is
just an agent in the information system.
The author has verified the fact that
if one gives a
right
signal on
a
right
point on
the
extremities,
it
can
affect
the
concerned
point on
the
abdominal area and one can check
it with OMURA’s test on the point in question.
(2)
In 1986 Manaka demonstrated the fact that
if one applies the five element points with
proper colouring,
i. e.
red on
the the
fire
point,
yellow on the earth point,
white on
the
metal point and so on,
these effects can be checked by OMURA’s test.
(3) Katsumata demonstrated in 1987 that any molecules of asymmetric structure emerge
a wave
while
spinning,
and
studied
the
charactaristics
of
the
wave.
It
could
affect
the
OMURA
?s,test either.
(4)
Katsumata also proved if a substance stayed at one position for a certain period,
there
remained so-called molecular wave alias (aftemirage agent).
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(5) In 1988 Manaka demonstrated that
if one gave signals in certain series,
they caused
particular
(therapeutic)
effect.
It
might
give
explanation
to
that
particular
formula
of
movement of qigong which has special effect.
THE DIFFERENCE OF DIRECTION OF QI
CIRCULATION IN THE SMALL QI CYCLE
BETWEEN MAN AND WOMAN
Toshihiko Yayama, Tomohiro Shiramizu and Klyosi Inoki chi
(Saga Prefectural Hospital, Kouseikan, Japan)
The
function
of
the human
body
is
controlled by
twelve main
meridians
which
are
divided into six yang meridians and six yin meridians.
Yang meridians are superintended by the
Du Meridian and yin Meridians by the Ren Meridian.
To obtain the circulation of the energy
or qi along the Du and Ren Meridians
is said the small
qi cycle. When small qi cycle has been
achieved ,
the stagnation of qi in the twelve main meridian
is dissolved ,
. and the flow of qi in
the human body
goes around
smoothly.
The
achievement
of
small
qi
cycle
is
one
of
the
important purposes
in
qi
training.
Rut
the
process
to accomplish
this
is not
clear
yet,
it
is
difficult
for common
people
to
do
it,
and
furthermore,
the
real
meaning
of
it
is
not
elucidated. We have
practised various
classical
qi
training
to make
clear
the
process
of
the
small
qi cycle.
Traditionally ,
it had been suggested that the flow of
qi
in the small
qi cycle
ascended along the Du Meridian and descended along the Ren Meridian,
But because we feel
the
. discrepancy
between man
and woman
in
our
training
process,
we
build
up
a new
hypothesis that in woman the flow of
qi in the small
qi cycle ascends along the Ren Meridian
and descends along the Du Meridian. We report here the data that testify this hypothesis and
make the proposal that this hypothesis is useful to achieve the small
qi cycle.
Materials and methods;
The subjects were fifty healthy adult men and fifty healthy adult women.
The direction
of qi flow in the small
qi cycle was measured by means of O-RING TEST
(Omura’s test)
,
by
using the stimulations of magnetic force or ultrasonic scanning on the Da and Ren Meridians.
It
is said that by this O-RING TEST the biological effects of subtle stimulation can be detected
as the alteration of the finger muscle strength.
Though the mechanism of this O-RING TEST
is
not
revealed,
it
is known
that
the
benificial
stimulations
enhance
the
finger
muscle
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strength ,
but the harmful stimulations weaken
it.
The subjected person made a circle using the
thumb and an index finger
(O-RING)
,
and the examiner also made O-RING with the same
fingers
of
each
hands
passing
through
the
subject's O-RING.
We
measured
the
degree
of
separation
of
the
subject's O-RING
fingers
pulling toward
right
side
and
left
side by
the
examiner's O-RING before and during the stimulations by the magnetic force or the ultrasonic
scanning on the Du and Ren Meridians.
Result *
1. Ninety-eight percent of the subjects altered
their
finger muscle strength by the stimulation
by the magnetic force or the supersonic scanning on the Du or Ren. Meridian.
2. The men's finger muscle strength was enhanced by the stimulation of the magnetic force or
the ultrasonic scanning ascending in the Du Meridian and descending in the Ren Meridian,
but
the women's was weakened.
3. The man's
finger muscle
strength was weakened by
the stimulation ascending
in the Ren
Meridian and descenting in the Du Meridian,
but the woman's was enhanced.
4. Two subjected persons on whom
the stimulation had no effects reported
that they realized
the small qi cycle in high degree.
5. The persons who developed the
qi felt that the progressive stimulation which enhanceed the
finger muscle strength was comfortable,
but the
regressive stimulation which weakened
the
finger
muscle
strength
was
discomfortable ,
and
they
also
felt
some
tenderness
on
some
meridians by the regressive stimulation.
Discussion :
The
stimulation
of
the
magnetic
force and
the
ultrasonic
scanning,
which
cannot
be
precepted,
can make some
effects on
the human
body.
If
the
qi
in
the human body
goes
around
smoothly
by
the
stimulation,
the
finger
muscle
strength
can
be
enhanced.
It
is
revealed that the direction of the magnetic force and the ultrasonic scanning which enhance the
finger muscle strength
is reversed between man and woman.
This fact may be one ground for
the new hypothsis that the direction of the qi flow in the small
qi cycle
is reversed in man and
woman. The small
qi cycle may be achieved more
facilely considering
the
difference
of
the
current
between man
and woman
stimulatied
by
the
magnetic
force
or
the
supersonicn
scanning. And the application of the small qi cycle toward health care may develop.
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TREATMENT EFFECT AND TENTATIVE WORKING
THEORIES OF AUTONOMOUS QIGONG EXERCISE
Everlyn Fung Lee,
(National Taiwan University, Taiwan, China)
A fairly simple method has been developed to turn on somebody to exercise autonomously
by him or her following his or her own flow of
qi.
Based on yoga
exercises and
the
modified yoga
routine
gradual
conditioned
reflex
the trainee would autonomously and subconsciously promote qi flow
By continuous
practicing
the atounomous exercise,
one
feels
better
either physically
or
mentally,
especially to those with diseases.
Some with hemiplegia woulc gain muscle power to
their weaker
limbs.
Some with
arthritis would
lessen
their
pain
or even become symptoms
free.
Some with toxic hyperthyroidism would become less agitated emotionally and symptomes
free.
Some
with
cancer
still
receiving
radiotherapy
or
chemotherapy ,
would
have
less
complications after each treatment,
namely,
they would find their leukocyte count lower but
less than before and arise again much quicker.
They also feel they can tolerate much more to
their treatment.
To the ones with acute or chronic injury,
they would make their own
qi flow
/l
to the local regions and to the corresponding points.
How can
the autonomous
exercise come
to work and why
it has such
benefit
to
one’s
health?
As
a
medical
professional,
I
can
only
use my own
scientific
thinking
logic
to
approach.
I think
I have come to an assumption very close to the fact.
First of
all,
you have
to find a
quiet place,
avoid
all kinds of external stimuli,
and
also,
prepare your mind to a quiet and relax state,
then follow the instruction,
do relaxing
exercise to warm up the body and relax
all the joints,
gradually
let go of yourself,
let your
feeling float up, and follow your feeling.
If you feel your body wants
tc move,
let
it be.
It
is more tentative to explain why
it works.
The human mind
is controlled by two aspects,
namely,
conscious level and subconscious
level.
Conscious level controls the irritation coming from the outside wodd,
but subconscious
level controls the irritation coming from inside of our body.
In conscioui level,
we think and
do things accordingly. We
think
it
is
logic,
and order our body
to do
so.
If the body can
tolerate,
usually the body would not complain,
though
it might not be absolutely good to the
body.
In subcouscious level,
we feel and let the body express as
it desires.
It is the true voice
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