Approved For Release 2001/03/07 : CIA-RDP96-00788R001401030001-3 CPYRGHT Approved For Releg i1s° PHILIPPINES M ORE THAN 7,000 ISLANDS and islets rise from a partly submerged mountain chain to form the Philippines. Largely trop- ical wilderness, 90 percent of the islands are uninhabited, 60 percent unnamed, Two- thirds of the population lives on the two “Jargest islands, Luzon and Mindanao. Predominantly of Malay origin, Filipines trace their origins as far back as 3000 B.C., to the first immigrants from Indonesia and Malaya. Hillsides terraced with rice fields bear witness to ancient engineering skills. In the 14th century Arab missionaries brought Islam to the a ett NEE ” : 2 clone Sulus and other southern islands. The Christian influ- ence dates from 1521, when Magellanland- ed on Cebu, opening the way for Spanish colonization in 1565. Spain’s rule lasted 333 years, ending with the Spanish-American War. The United States guided the Philip- pines during the next 48 years, leaving a heritage of language and liberty. The nation became fully independent on July 4, 1946, GOVERNMENT: Republic. LAND AREA: 115,830 square miles, about the size of Arizona, extending 1,150 miles north and south, the sweep of Wash ington, Oregon, and California combined. POPU- LATION: 32,600,000, mainly of Malay stock. LAN- CUAGE: Officially Pilipino (Tagalog); English (spoken by 409%), Spanish, 80-odd native dialects. RELIGION: 83% Roman Catholic, Aglipayan (an independent Christian sect), Moslem, Protestant minorities. ECONOMY: Copra, sugar, abaca, Juin- ber, fishing, gold, lead, manganese, iron, copper, chromite, CTYTES: Manila, port, industrial center (pep. 1,339,000); Quezon City (Manila suburb), capital; Baguio, summer capital; Pasay; Cebu. CLIMATE: Hot, humid, heavy rainfall. 2 8. "59 190 —_ 0 oeeearg oo es ry STATUTE MILES } et &. ” Elevations in Feet Soundings in Fathoms ; i Places with Scheduled Air Service f | Major Battles: Land “tm, Sea wailihim Balabac gBalatac & Balaliac Strait Te TAi WAN ORMOSA} “HONG oT KONG Batan Is. C Hainan ey Pacific. uz CARTOGRAPHIC DIVISION © NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC SOCIETY . A * on x ee LIPPINES oes Ocean Doe Mindanas Indian Ocean. | ' za Maye Cape Bajee. Bae LINGAYEN GULF San Nice The Alles, landing here January 9. 1945) Din: survived four days of brutal Gabuge air assault to begin ane of the ¥ Bar, Inost extensive land campaigas igan of World War I. Narvace ~. Bessang Pass May I7 - June 14,1945~ Tagua Ling, Bal 0... B ena OUND : i wn hen cages BATAAN “DEATH MARCH Bataan Jan.7-April?, 1982 . rors mManibt, Lubarkge v pubang “ Marat: Bae’ . Linapacat oy ty Pure py » Bes. Ye Soy, CEP ENido i Hoeé / you / -* alaytay Tnwaan. Bay } ‘ad, Che, a a 4000, * v lete Pale ay Rigas aa Gn ga egy we a ae a ‘ phoren! 5 Aaalbe “ - Bancoran i" Sat Miguel i. § | Keanapusan cl fagayan Sulu Muligi ts. Pangutaran G i see baparan | “Ca,
CPYRGHT van Channel anta Anag san Vicente Valley Head a. iw Palanan Pivayes ntiago r gGasiguran LUZON do... Polio... 5° “Islands Approved For Release 2001/03/07 : CIA-RDP96-00788R001401030001-3 { Abucay MacArthur « stubbars drferse a! demed use of Mar fa By five months. Decombe ga \\Balang f PePilar \~ MANIL we} Amonth ot bitter fagh ting end » secured Marahr Res. ues B A Y i the ase the Spar: th heen + Hoe = =z tthe Spanish fleet here or May ! pabcaben Fall of this island fortress ar May 8, 1942. ended orqancued eet J Conmunedore George towers dete. en peo Bulacane ‘Bocaue \ #Marilao Oband’ Foo io DN Malabon a : A Quezon City ® r PasiypRe 2. Mur, MANILA’ s+ Manila American Ma aka ati ; Cemetery and Me morial ~~ : asay ® MANILA INTT NATIONAL es AIK cated “Lathe Paraiadi, ue. 1BQ8 o us an (fae Cavite ma TATION or Kawit»..-7 eg “agua resistance to Japanese greupatien a ario f Alabangé Maliunts ‘Vunnel 7 2 Corregidor. ~ » City Lamon Bay @ de Buy santa Cruz , N xc 8 Ban, poly, mn ‘Saaque fa Cruz © an Burias Donsol® Pears rie “arti St ai “huyart niblon 25 & Tatilas orp Deo 15.1044 Soy + tbajay Pandan! a Kalibo Culasi | Tang Nangtirdgyas® F oY PANAY Janiuay > Are ote 8G diz ~ 1 anJose*) Hollow fas. Daag “Guimaras LaCarlote Panay G ulf Sipalay f & Hinoba-an, is Bayawhte. Dumaquet Siatoh* 4 wel i. . AaB ¢ 1% sie" Pandan yog Pt Lal - ae aah . Lagonoy” ‘Se Catanduanes a. Caballo 82 a4 Mayan Volcano Ligae Legaspi Ey fog ey; oe je Virac 8. Sorsogon Bulan‘ @ we sa Laoang Mas, Ticao’ by a anes Tiongarsd Sibuyan “Pate nebo . her an son 8 may \ MS ho de Bdy ie] Bae ——e Muatinglonal | STATUTE M ILES | cae) ™ ek a yok ay) ia) yes MASBATE’ 2, Calbayog” } SAMAR catalina “Cathalogan co ner 4 Z. Tix Visayan pitiran Sea Leyte Oct c0- Dre ph iid vi Borongan % Milareahy ™ Japan s naval puwes wes tested Levis Taooayebey CTE atl Bogas Ormoc®m g bs C Back: cE day bay &. “dain Hilengos "Téle yauen he ia the decisive fall: of Gctuber 23 eG reid ; 2 fe eect. | Dinagat siigal a aNsgin | oDinaga! “wTahjay . *Siquijor john i are w (xs 2B So Surigady Das Sitrgno slob Mragpi afar on, OF oMainit y. Mainit vf © camiguin 4 \ aLanuza 4 {8030 “Ca abadbaras ne Hilonghilong D, NI em Gin cote) APItan | a Dipologh Higan o re Liat . Bay ili -F de Qzamiz glligai AM Sindahgang Liloy, Labasaneef* dss wi i eu Lun, Marama Siacone, ua” ye b, Ferg, 5 WT 3 +> pores ay Manu oy yang Kibawe Panabo f Sibucos rs “0 4380, [i B Moro Gulf patu Pia boangaly/ Basilan Strutt sabelae ~sLamitan a7! Basilan Tapiantana Group ys Tongquil sdong ns Group Lu - mba Cc E ‘LAGO Approved For Release 2001/03/07 : CIA-RDP96-00788R001401030001-3 Lagi a TEN, ar Marawi 'S ra) M LygN aBay Mids alabang lutanga Cotabatoe’” Ki awa arnt Bye MB os arial Mati ib me ‘Bansalan ap? Bu tuan fobs eranza t aLianga *ttnudhs ni alaybalay 4 sligt avy Bilis SL ngig A 0 ate! * \ Fagum eBaganga ‘ -paDavao! Ys eCaraga Lupon Davae Governor Generoso af Sulops, Gulf Lebak tye on "Ko an ae Palimbang ¢ 00, an . e — Kiarmba® & cae oe “Glan rong ada jlAlag eourup Cape San Aquatin 9 General Santos 2 Jose Abad Santos “Batulaki a Miangas P: tm ] Sarangani Islands ie uns Las Pinas #
Approved For Release 2001/03/07 : CIA-RDP96-00788R001401030001-3 CPYRGHT MANTA TEMES GRIGG, NDAD rhe Phd BAB ER hE Nearly 3,000 people lived en the five-nule long by three mite wide island before the eruphion; mnany have since returned to their homes Watel fAlled crater at center of the large picture formed ina lO] eruption that claimed 1,335 lives ta thou- k that it ims and banana 1 Gnset).
Approved For Release 2001/03/07 : CIA-RDP96-00788R001401030001-3 CPYRGHT sti keep that idealism from. tiowering Pally, Far more than wars and occupation. geogra- phy has fragmented the Republic of (he Philip pines. Its 32,000,000 people live on a galas of islands strung out north and south for 1,150 niles between the Pacific Ocean and the South China Sea (maps, pages 242-135) No one knows how many islands there are. the republic itself says simply “more than 7,100." New islands appear from time to time as vol canoes thrust their smoking cones above the sea. And, after a few years of pounding by the waves, some of these new islands vanish. The eruptions of Taal Volcano on September 28, 1965, emphasized again the influences of titanic natural forces on life in the Pholppinies The voloano, rising as anisland in Lake Taal, 40 sates south of Maniiag roared fer Giree dass and bas ied out untold tous of mand ani slowing puanice (pages 306-7) Fields aad YOolses were bitded usder silthke asi. Pye hundred pespiedest ther lives, and thousanets Hf Domelossan the ishaad ane arene: de baie veere Dota. co rebet centers etek Nivowife wanted to zetanie, ut) wanted towateh alittle longer Phe eruptions were not very strong at first. “About halt an hour later, adeatening blast shook the island. It was time to leave.” Conrado Andal jammed 20 women and shildren into the same small boat we were asing. Chey sCated north, away tres the vol anys eruption center. They had traveled about uve and 2 half miles when another ex slosion split the night. “There was a big volume of gas ane steaus, Mir. Andal said. “That was when the storia ind electrical dispkay started. Ho was just like Roman candles—-flashes of red and vellow.” The eruption, possibly triggered by scepuge if water from the lake inte the depths of the arth, created its own thunderstorm, Billion: of gallons of water, steam, gas, and mud churned into the air. Miro Andal remembered shovins ta boc condsof refdeees fron the tlond tobesenort! “Joyas afraid af the bur waves that sould canies he told us. PEs warnings ecuid nat be seared: ip the nei night. Mans et the voles fos Victims dirowned When scene Woven salfea their overloaded heads. On Septerber 20, 155, Tuubsoewed tyre yatck cinder cone J.000 feet tn rarmvwerer dt formed a horseshoe islet (visibte ta intel at apper right, page 307) Wasps of sceanr still racaped trem Une cane near de wakes One ts we Gimibed its ventiy slogaue side and baela aivoie duach on the rim, Crater-pocked time bomb, Taal Velen rises from Lake ‘Vaal, 0 mifles south of Manila. Dor- mant for hall a century, the volcanic tsland surl- denly erupted in September, 1968, blasting out the infet at upper tizht and spewing ash and pumice from the new erater ip the ink cand feet aloft, spreading de haried scares of the catachys their flourishing stands of « Teo dav. biter the volcano Approved For Release 2001/03/07 : CIA-RDP96-00788R001401030001-3