Approved For Release menor ('° : CuRDPES-co7seRanSson2=H001- 2. (U) Presession Protocols (U) A series of activities took place prior to the start of every experimental session. First, the experiment monitor identified the session type from the fixed session sequence, “aababb,” (cf. Section C.2.b), to determine whether the session would be an IDS favorable or an IDS unfavorable (RA or IDSU) condition. Second, the technician in the Microbial Genetics Laboratory prepared the bacterial cultures for the session (see Appendix). Eleven numerically-labelled, sterile, 16-x-150-mm test tubes were aseptically filled with 2.5 ml of glucose minimal broth. Fifty hl of a 37°C overnight culture of strain TA100 of Salmonella typhimurium was then added to each tube.* In a standardized manner, the first nine tubes were arranged in a test-tube rack, which was placed in the specially designed ice chest, and then locked. The remaining two control cultures were shielded from visible light by a covering of aluminum foil, and were maintained at room temperature in the Microbial Genetics Department laboratory. (U) The ice chest, with its enclosed cultures, was placed on a cart and covered with a tarpaulin to ensure that the mutation rate of the cultures was not affected by sunlight during transportation from the laboratory to the experimental facility. (U) Third, the experiment monitor transported the covered ice chest on the cart from the biological laboratory to another facility at SRI, where the psychoenergetic portion of the experiment was performed. Prior to the arrival of the subject, the monitor wheeled the ice chest into a room equipped with a table and two chairs. The ice chest was then uncovered and positioned in such a way that a seated subject could readily view the nine numbered test tubes through the glass. 3. (U) Session Protocols (U) For other than the first session for each subject, a session usually commenced with feedback to the subject of the previous session’s results (to be discussed in “Postsession *(U) It should be noted that there was no visible evidence of “cloudiness” caused by the bacterial culture in any of the prepared test tube solutions. The appearance of the liquid was uniformly that of clear tap water. Thus, there were no visual cues available to the subject, as to which test tubes might contain greater amounts of the bacterial culture. 15 Approved For Release /2000/08/10 : aieamebaaieiaes maa
= Approved For Release 2000/08/10 : CIA-RDP96-00789R003809240001-0 4 (U) ™ the appropriate test-tube-selection numbers. The order of selection and an estimate of the duration of effort per each test tube were noted in the “Comments” section. Upon debriefing - the subject at the end of a session, the monitor also recorded any comments the subject wished to make regarding possible strategies employed in the performance of the task, and — any personal statements the subjects wished to volunteer pertaining to their state-of—mind, } health, and so forth. Pe 4. (U) Postsession Protocols = { _ At the conclusion of the session, and after the departure of the subject from the psychoenergetics facility, the monitor once again covered the ice chest, then - transported it on the cart back to the Microbial Genetics Laboratory. (U) The microbiologist removed the nine bacterial cultures from the ice chest and - placed them, together with the additional two extrasession control cultures, in an incubator (G24 Environmental Incubator Shaker, New Brunswick Scientific Company, Inc., Edison, ‘cn New Jersey). The bacterial cultures were shielded from visible light by aluminum foil, and | grown with gentle shaking (100 rpm) for about 24 hours. (U) Following the incubation period, testing of the eleven bacterial cultures to determine the extent of mutation induction was initiated. The testing was divided into two parts: @ Quantitation of number of cells plated, which measures the number of plated cells that are able to form colonies (CFU) on medium containing histidine (yeast complete medium). ° Quantitation of mutant cells, which measures the number of cells that are able to grow in the absence of histidine. (U) The quantitation of CFU was accomplished according to a standardized set of laboratory procedures. First, each of the eleven bacterial cultures (i.e., the cultures contained in the nine-session test tubes plus the two controls) was serially diluted -by combining 0.20 ml of the culture with 1.80 ml of sterile saline until an overall million-fold dilution was obtained (10-8). Complete medium plates were then divided into three sections with a marking pen, and a 10-pl aliquot of the 10-4, 10-5, and 10-8 dilutions were then delivered in triplicate to the appropriate sections on the plate. The 10-yl spots were allowed to dry on the surface of the solid medium in the plates. The plates were then incubated at 37°C for up to 24 hours 19 Approved For Release/ 2900/08/10 : CIA-RDP96-00789R003800280001-0
Approved For Release 2000/08/1 cin noes ooradronseo02800044 (U) There was no compelling evidence, however, that subjects are able to interact causally with this particular biological system. (U) Tables 2 through 8 display the data contained in Table 1 in a subject-by-subject format. One subject (310) produced strong effects in the IDS condition: his low-aim condition was significantly lower than his high-aim condition (p < 0.003), and his low-aim condition was also significantly lower than the no-aim condition (p < 0.018). s (U) In addition to the various t-tests, a multiway analysis of variance (ANOVA) was conducted as a second form of analysis (post hoc). Aim (low, no, and high) and condition (IDS and RA) were used as the two “main effects” for the analysis. When the ANOVA examines one “main effect,” it sums all the data in the other “main effects.” For example, to examine the IDS and RA condition, the ANOVA sums across all aims. Likewise, to examine an aim effect, the ANOVA sums across the IDS and RA conditions. No significance was anticipated in these two dimensions, and none was observed. Significance was observed, however, in the interaction term between the IDS and the RA condition (p < 0.05), which may indicate that there is some difference between the IDS and RA conditions when examined as a function of aim. This does not imply that IDS or RA is “more significant.” It should be noted that the interpretation of the ANOVA interaction term has been traditionally difficult, and Rosenthal has suggested that ANOVA with more than one “main effect” should not be used in the social/psychological sciences.” The analysis has been included here merely for the sake of completeness. ™~\ In summary, this experiment has produced a relatively weak, but statistically significant effect, which most readily supports the conclusion that subjects are able to acquire information, psychoenergetically, about the mutation rates of Salmonella, but are unable to cause physical perturbations in these bacteria. To reiterate the criteria set forth in the Introduction,-a physical system will not be considered a candidate intrusion detector unless it registers energetic effects directly (as a result of intentional perturbation), or indirectly (as a result of concomitant acquisition of information). To first order, therefore, it must be concluded on the basis of this one experiment, that the Salmonella bacterium does not appear to be a promising intrusion detector. *(U) R. Rosenthal and R. Rosnow, Essentials of Behavioral Research, p. 254 (McGraw Hill Book Co., New York, 1984). 27 Approved For Release 2000/08/1 {cin nopos arrasdoose0z8000-
Approved For Release 2000/08/10 (cis-r0P96.007 ok003800280001-0 Table 2 (U) NORMALIZED MUTATION RATES x 1076 (Subject 164) Condition Remote Action (RA) Remote Action (RA) Remote Action (RA) Mean . t (Low < No) = ~1.430 nig. Statistics t (No <High) = 0.484 ns. t (Low.< High) = -0.475 ns. Condition Intuitive Data Sorting (IDS) Intuitive Data Sorting (IDS) Intuitive Data Sorting (IDS) Mean t (Low < No) =-0.310 ns. Statistics * t (No < High) = -0.112 ns. t (Low < High) = -0.475 nus, * Degrees of freedom = 16. UNCLASSIFIED i ;| Given the weak statistical nature of the effect and the potentials ™ importance of intrusion detection, replication is recommended for a variety of compelling reasons. First, there are a number of proposed methodological changes to this experiment (as discussed in Chapter V) that would in all likelihood enhance the robustness of the effect. From this perspective, the experiment might legitimately be considered a pilot study. Second, this is the first experiment of its kind that has used Salmonella as the target biological system; 28 Approved For Release roono40 cia-RDP8«-04788R003800280001-0