tf
i
r
Approved For Release 2000
DP96-00789R003200200001 -4
II
INTRODUCTION
r
Inf
t
studies in RV over the past decade, several
methods have been used to target the remote viewer on the site.
Much of
the early work used a person located at the target site as a target for
the remote viewer .1” 3
We refer to this as Beacon RV, .because in some
sense the individual at
the site can be said to act as a
,,homing'
, beacon.
A second technique, which has often been used in
and around
which a trailing program is being developed,
is Coordinate RV.
In this
procedure,
the target site coordinates
(latitude and longitude in degrees,
minutes, and seconds) are given
(with no further information)
to the remote
viewer who is to view the site.
A third technique, which has been used
occasionally with good success both in laboratory work and ini
viewing, we call Abstract RV.
In this approach,
the remote viewer is
simply told that there is a target site to be described;
no further infor-
mation is given.
These three techniques, with variations,^ have been used success-
SRI
, ^mmmmUim^l^^and
However,
systematic comparison of their relative effectiveness
has been made
to date.
This study compares the results of the use of the targeting techniques
as described above under otherwise uniform RV conditions.
The results are
examined to determine whether significant quantitative differences exist
as far as the quality of the RV product is
concerned.
These three
References are listed at the end of the report
.
^For example, in Beacon RV,
the remote viewer may be introduced to the
outbound person who is to act as a beacon, or simply be shown his
photograph
.
Approved For Release 2OOO|^||08
; CIA-RDP96-00789R003200200001 -4
representative techniques were ehosen for this study because they span
the range, from the concrete to the abstract,
of the targeting techniques
typically required in p^i^^^BLtasks
.
Specifically, the targeting node is varied over the three techniques.
These techniques are designated here as Techniques A,
B, and C
(for Abstract
Beacon, and Coordinate, respectively).
A variation of Technique C,
designated C ',
is also incorporated into the study to examine whether
modest feedback given to the viewer at mid-session about the general
nature of the site increases accuracy in the remainder of the session.
Approved For Release 2000/08/08
: CIA-RDP96-00789R003200200001-4
n
i
representative techniques were chosen for this study because they span
the range, from the concrete to the abstract,
of the targeting techniques
typically required injm^^^^^tasks
.
Specifically, the targeting mode is varied over the three techniques.
These techniques are designated here as Techniques A,
B, and C (for Abstract
Beacon, and Coordinate, respectively).
A variation of Technique
C,
designated c',
is also incorporated into the study to examine whether
modest feedback given to the viewer at mid-session about the general
nature of the site increases accuracy in the remainder of the session.
Approved For Release 2000/08/08
: CIA-RDP96-00789R003200200001-4
Approved For Release 2000/08/08
: CIA-RDP96-00789R003200200001-4
r
III
PROTOCOLS
A.
General Protocol
The general protocol for the study is
to closet a remote viewer with
an experimenter at SRI, and,
at a prearranged time,
have the viewer describe
an undisclosed remote site using the required targeting technique.
The
target site, one of sixty located in the San Francisco Bay Area within a
30-min driving radius of SRI,
is selected by random number access to a
target pool by a second experimenter in charge of overall protocol.
For
each viewer, target sites are used without replacement as the series
progresses,
so that no individual viewer has the same site twice.
In all
cases,
the interviewer
is blind to the target so that he
is free to question
the remote viewer to clarify his descriptions without
fear of
leading.
During the prearranged viewing period lasting 15-min, the viewer
makes drawings of and records on tape his impressions of the target
site.
At the end of this viewing period,
the interviewer collects the data for
the file,
finds out from the protocol experimenter what
the target site
was, and then takes the viewer to the site for feedback.
B.
Viewer Selection
To evaluate fairly the effects of varying the target conditions, we
chose to carry out the study with four relatively inexperienced SRI viewers
,
as opposed to the more experienced viewers who exhibit strong preferences
for certain targeting techniques
.
Approved For Release 2000/08/08
: CIA-RDP96-00789R003200200001-4
m
m
it
Approved For Release 2000/08/08
: CIA-RDP96-00789R003200200001-4
<
C.
Distribution of Trials Across
Session Conditions
Each of
the four remote viewers
chosen was asked to contribute twelve
trials apiece, three trials each for each of the four techniques, A,
B,
C, and C'.
This method provides a total of 48 trials,
12 in each of
the
four categories, distributed as shown in Table
1 below.
Each of the
viewers used the four techniques
in a balanced, random intermixed order
(e.g., BACC'ACB
...)
as
is usual in psychological studies with several
stimulus categories
Table
«
DISTRIBUTION OF TRIALS
IN TARGETING STUDY
Viewer
Category
A
B
C
C'
557
753
807
688
The protocol experimenter tells
the interviewer at the beginning of
the session which technique
is to be used.
For Technique A,
the interviewer
simply informs
the viewer that there
is
a target site
to be described;
no
further information is given.
For Technique
B,
the viewer is either introduced in person to the
outwardbound experimenter who will act as
a beacon
(Beacon Trial One),
or is simply shown a photograph of an otherwise unknown outwardbound
experimenter
(Beacon Trials Two and Three).
The reason for
this inter-
trial variation is
to obtain additional information about the amount of
Approved For Release 2000/08/08
: CIA-RDP96-00789R003200200001-4
viewer/beacon contact
recjnired*
-RDP96-00789R003200200001 -4
Approved For Release 2
For Technique C and C', the viewer is read the coordinates
(in
degrees, minutes, and seconds) for the site.
For Technique C',
the
interviewer obtains from the protocol experimenter before session start
an envelope containing general information about the site
(e.g.,
"target
site is a building exterior /VItarget site
is an open outdoor area," and
so forth.)
In mid-sessiojjpter the viewer has described the site to
the best of his abilit y'jK interviewer opens the feedback envelope and
gives this additional ilKrmation to determine whether it stimulates
increased accuracy and detail in the viewer's subsequent images of the
site.
D.
Transcript Evaluation
In early programs,
transcript analysis was carried out exclusively
on the basis of blind judging
(matching) of transcripts to target sites.1 '
This technique, although excellent with regard to demonstrating the
presence or absence of a viable RV function,
did not provide a uniform
measure from transcript to transcript of the quality of RV functioning.
In the previous program,
SRI,
developed
a 0-to-7 point rating scale to be applied
nonblind
, post hoc to the
evaluation of transcripts. 3
For no correspondence between transcript and
target site,
a 0 is assigned;
for excellent correspondence a
7;
and for
intermediate correspondence an intermediate rating.
The precise criteri
for each rating
is shown below in Table
2.
A comparison
(in the previous
program)
of
the ratings produced with this approach against
the ratings
produced by the blind-judging approach for a 36-trial series showed sta-
tistically significant positive correlation between the two techniques.
Furthermore, application of the 0-to-7 point scale to randomly matched
transcripts and targets from that study yielded chance results.
These
two findings taken together establish that application of the 0-to-7
point scale provides a reliable, objective measure of RV quality.
This
Approved For Release 2000/08
RDP96-00789R003200200001 -4
Approved For Release 20
-RDP96-00789R003200200001 -4
Table 2
O-TO-7 POINT EVALUATION SCALE FOR TARGET/TRANSCRIPT CORRESPONDENCE
Point
,
Value Assigned to the Point
Excellent correspondence, including good analytical detail
(e.g., naming the site by name), and with essentially no
incorrect information.
Good correspondence with good analytical information
(e.g.,
naming the function) and relatively little incorrect
information.
Good correspondence with unambiguous unique matchable elements
,
but some incorrect information.
*
Good correspondence with several matchable elements intermixed
•
with itacorrect information.
Mixture of correct and incorrect elements,
but enough of the
former to indicate viewer has made contact with the site.
Some correct elements,
but not sufficient to suggest results
beyond chance expectation.
Little correspondence.
No correspondence.
method was,
therefore,
chosen for evaluation of the transcripts for this
targeting study.
Approved For Release 2000/08/06
: CIA-RDP96-00789R003200200001-4
Approved For Release 2000/08/08
: CIA-RDP96-00789R003200200001-4
IV
RESULTS
A.
Trial Collection
In accord with the protocols outlined in Section III, a total of 48
trials were carried out,
12 with each of four remote viewers.
As summarized
in Table
1, each viewer contributed three trials for each of the four
techniques
B.
Data Summaries
Data summaries for each of the four remote viewers are tabulated in
Tables 3 through
6, and a collective summary is provided in Table 7.
Listed in the individual viewer Tables 3 through
6 are the trial numbers
(1 through
12) and associated sites, targeting techniques and 0-to-7 point-
scale accuracy ratings.
(Two columns appear in the accuracy ratings for
Category c' .
Ratings in the first column were assigned on the basis of
material produced before feedback only, while those in the second column
apply to the transcript as a whole,
including material generated following
feedback.
The effects of mid-session feedback are treated in detail in
Table
8,
in which we present
a detailed session-by-session summary.)
C.
Overall Findings
Most of the findings
of this study are obtained by examination of
Table
7.
We, therefore, turn our attention for a moment to a detailed
examination of this table.
The transcript ratings for each of the remote viewers, for each of
the session categories, are shown in the individual boxes in the table.
I^e techniques,
listed across the top, are Abstract
(A),
Beacon
(B),
Approved For Release 2000/08/08
: CIA-RDP96-00789R003200200001 -4
Approved For Release 2000/08/08 : CIA-RDP96-00789R003200200001 -4 *yd}taosuerzy autqua 842 FO Stseq ay i uo ‘ 3 9S puo i TOF9q pszvi19duaes TeFtazeW Fo stsuq 343 UO ape aae su : — an OF2BNTBAD Fo yes ysaty * AWeqpeeg uotssag-p py & s*T aderey punoiszapun U7FA $83 euTps009 € % 8404g AxaD0I5 xeTduog [Toog asnoyzsog STISeTL pvort fey une TLosney Teuun, yodag spuelseg enzBIg supeg SuUTPT Eng atqqng T830H BUBqED S14Y POTLIY anb tuyoay aITs .sr1ey taqun Sut zesr1By aia TREIL (AY tox soueptas MOUS JOU Sa0q--g*¢ = uve TT B1849) LSS UFMEIA yor VIVA AYU JO AUVWANS & eTqsy + as Oo oO oO Oo N oO oO N o oO oO aw o ie) x oO ° To) rer) a Q O < O co oO oe oO omy oO oO oO N ® ” wo ® ® ~ Soe fo) LL ro} ®o > fe) Se [ok [or ad
SUMMARY
OF
RV
DATA
FOR
VIEWER
753
an
=
3.3
—
Indicates
contact
with
target
sites)
T
The
viewer
shows
significant
differences
between
conditions
A,
B,
C
(one-way
analysis
variance;
df1
=
,
df2
=
6;
F
=
7.69-F
=
5.14
required
for
p
<
0.05).
First
set
of
evaluations
are
made
on
the
basis
of
material
generated
before
feedback;
second
set,
on
the
basis
of
the
entire
transcript.
Approved For Release 2000/08/08
: CIA-RDP96 -00789R003200200001-4
in
o>
rH
•O
&
<0
W
(0
0)oa
<t>
•ocoa
cn
<0puoo
•aoo
bo
43P
too
p
a>
bop
cd
+»
po
a)pgoo
m
a>pa0p
T>aP
Io
c
at
a>E
cdP
bo
c
c
cj
tI
*D
<U P
O
a
>»l
o
cdP3uo<
bo 2
g
S.
P
3"
p
at
S
& &
m
p
0)
bop
£
p
P
<L)
cd
.a
rt
E
p
p
H
S3
O)
in
oo
CO
t-
w
po
cdPp
coA<
coo
cd
<S
coVp
cdGP
T3PO
CO
CO
CO
< < <
n n n
cj a o
•acpop
bO>
cd
GO
43opp
X!V
P
CO
r—
op>
a>
p
coppo
r-C
Ut
(0
•a
4)
xtm
cjx
*Hm
p
copG
d>
CJ P
Q
OP
bo p
C o
pa
a>
a p
o
£
>»p
M
cd «
XI
03 P
•a
P
o
o
o
<H
G
cdp
ca
IP O
op
S £
cc
to
rt
«
CO
CO
in
CO
OJ
*xo
cd
T3
P
0)
P
V
&
IP
G
V
O
P P
cd
co
G
co
P
<0
•o
p
I
O
*0
in
in
in
•
•
•
CO ^ w
in
in
in n
o o u
o>
bo
cd
P
cda
E
P
CO
<0
co
"Oc
§p
bo
*a
P
o
CJ
•DPP
GOP
P> S <
POP
Approved For Release 2000/08/08
: CIA-RDP96 -00789R003200200001-4
li
First
set
of
evaluations
are
made
on
the
basis
of
material
generated
before
feedback;
second
set,
on
the
basis
of
the
entire
transcript.
Approved For Release 2000/08/08
: CIA-RDP96-00789R003200200001-4
Q
-PO
>
a!
OS
+J
c
Cm
O
O
O
et
rt
*D
O
+»
O
S
at S
m m
in
•
•
•
<0 W
CO
w «
in
< < <
a n
cq
u u u
'J<
cn
tj.
o o o
c
0)
be
s
«
rt
l-l
-P
a
G
P
I
*H
-p H
i—
0)
p
•P
CO
W
W
T3
o
c< p
a>
O
rt
rH
—
o
H
f— a
o
Cl
a s
rt
•
rr
P
rt
bC
U
rt
be
IX
•a
o
r-
•H
a
®
Ci
Eh
s
B3
a
•H
rH
33 e
II
c
a>
T3
«
CO H
>>
rt
rt
•o
+»
Cl
rH
Ci
*p
CJ
iH
at
W
rH
©
•H
o
m
O
•H
cd
rH
a>
rH
rH A
-H
>
w
+->
«
i
rH H
>>
rH A
o
rt
a
U
rt
.a
Si
H 3 H
c
© £
rH
•H
rt
o > >
N
t' o
to
a: h
Approved For Release 2000/08/08
: CIA-RDP96-00789R003200200001-4
ALL
DATA
FROM
RV
TRIALS,
WITH
MEAN
VALUES
FOR
EACH
VIEWER
AND
EACH
SESSION
CATEGORY
Approved For Release 2000/08/08
: CIA-RDP96-00789R003200200001-4
conditions
A,
B,
C
(one-way
analysis
of
variance;
^Approved For Release 2000/08/08
: CIA-RDP96-00789R003200200001-4
Coordinates
(C) and Coordinates with Feedback
(O'),
The latter
<C
)
technique has
two columns e£ transcript evaluation numbers;
those made on
the basis of material up to the point of mid-session feedback
(first
column), and those made for the entire transcript, including material
generated after feedback
(second column)
The bottom row shows the mean transcript numbers for each targeting
technique averaged both for all four viewers and for the three viewers who
showed evidence for reliable RV (discussed below)
.
Ihe right-band column
shows each viewer’s twelve-trial mean.
For Technique C', the numbers
,
f-vio calculation of these means so that
before feedback only are used in the caxcuxati
they are not contaminated by the effects of feedback.
.
Evidence for Remote Viewing
The first overall result of the study is obtained by noting each
Viewer’s twelve-trial mean
(Table 7, right-hand column).
Ihe twelve-trial
means
for the four viewers are 2.3, 3.3,
4.0, and 4.1, respectively.
Reference to the rating-scale definitions in Table 2 indicates that the
a,
_
a
Table 7 produced means high enough to
last three of the
four viewers in Table
/ prou
4 a
fnP ralativelv reliable remote viewing, while Viewer 557,
constitute evidence for relatively reiwux
ad a
do so
(For this viewer evidence for RV was not
the first viewer,
did not do so.
totally lacking because five of the twelve trials rated a 3 or higher;
rather, trlal-to-trial reliability was lacking.)
We conclude, therefore,
_
,
.
.
„,4 + i,
*.hrpfi of the
four remote viewers,
that robust RV was obtained with three oi
2 .
n; st.ributton of Results across Targeting Modes
TO evaluate the results of using the alternative targeting
techniques, A. B. and C. we examine the A,
B, and C columns of Table 7.
Examination of the means in the bottom row shows little difference between
.
.j
This
is confirmed in detail by
alternative targeting strategies.
This
Approved For Release 2000/08/08
: CIA-RDP96-00789R003200200001-4
Approved For Release 2000/08/08
: CIA-RDP96-00789R003200200001-4
statistical analysis of all
the transcript rating numbers ,
both in the
three-cateogry x four-viewer matrix,
and in the three-category X three-
viewer matrix confined to the three remote viewers showing reliable RV
*
functioning.
Therefore,
the results obtained for Target Techniques A,
B, and C were essentially the same.
As we examine the fine structure of individual viewer performance
profiles , we find that the above conclusion
for the group as a whole is
especially reflected in the individual responses of the two stronger
remote viewers,
688 and 807, who essentially did equally well with each
of the three targeting techniques,
as did the unreliable viewer, 557.^
#
Only in the case of the remaining successful remote viewer
(753)
do we find significant differences
in the alternative targeting conditions;
the Beacon
(B) ratings are elevated, and the Abstract
(A) ratings depressed,
as
compared with mean performance.^
In this
case,
the viewer expressed
from the beginning a strong preference for targeting on a beacon person,
which seemed "natural,*' as compared with the increasing abstraction of the
Coordinate
(C) and Abstract
(A) targeting technique.
This preference for
a particular targeting technique,
correlated with better performance for
that technique,
can be contrasted with the
lack of expressed preference
on the part of the other viewers
plus their relatively stable performance
using the alternative techniques.
These results,
taken together,
lead us
to conclude that there
are no inherent differences in the use
of Abstract
(A),
Beacon
(B) or
One-way analysis of variance:
3x4;
dfj^
= 2,
df2
= 33;
F = 0.47
(F = 3.29
required for p < 0.05).
3x3;
dfj
= 2,
df£
= 24;
F = 0.95
(F = 3.40
required for p < 0.05).
^One-way analysis
of variance:
df-^ =
2.,
df2 =6
(F = 5.14 required for
p < 0.05).
F (688)
= 4.02;
F(807) = 0.40;
F(557) = 1.51;
F(753)
= 7.69.
Approved For Release 2000/08/0a6CIA-RDP96-00789R003200200001-4
vea For Release 2000/08/08
: CIA-RDP96-00789R003200200001-4
t
(c .
targeting techniques , but persons! bias or preference on
Coordinate (« targe *
eJloctlvcnea6 o£ these aiterna-
the part of a viewer can skew x
tive targeting techniques in practice.
FiMlly
„„ differences of note were observed in Technique B
(Beacon) between the fir
second and
t
the individual who is to act as a beacon, and the sec
in PerS°n
hich the remote viewer is simply shown the photograph
third trials
, in which the remo
+
of an otherwise unknown beacon person.
v-Pfer.ts of M
Feedbag
In
a' series of twelve Coordinate Trials
(labeled C'>. three each
*
ch of the four remote viewers
, viewers were given rudi-
contributed
y ea
providing initial descriptions on the
nH n—session feedback after pr
mentary nd
^ a c Trial)
.
The interviewer then
basis
of coordinate targeting
(
fmm the remote viewer •
encouraged further response from
,
an ch material used was prepared in advance by the ex-
""
h
f o
l protocol, and was unknown to the inter-
perimenter in charge of
^ ^^^ he opened an envelope
viewer until that momen
d its contents to the viewer,
containing feedback information and disclose
T„e type of feedback given was designed to be as 'nonleading
t only to give the viewer some verification if he were
as possible,
meant only
single
track
The feedback was in the form of
already on
c
lnterior location" for an underground
phrase, such as "an expansive into
^ ^ _tery .
garage,
or "an outdoor open area wi
f
the twelve C trials with mid-session feedback are
The data from the tweiv
.
f ^ble
7 and in Table 8.
Comparison of
the
summarized in two columns
of Tab
^ = 1,
df2 =
6;
F = 0.25
(F = 4.96
*
-i vre-i s of variance:
df]
One-way analysis
oi
requ^^ar<wec|pF6iOR!^fease 2000/08/08
: CIA-RDP96-00789R003200200001-4
Approved For Release 2000/08/08
: CIA-RDP96-00789R003200200001-4
Hi
means in the bottom row for the results with feedback
(second C
7 column)
against the results, either of the same session before feedback
(first C
column), or the Coordinates targeting without feedback
(C column), shows
no significant differences, either enhancement or degradation.
This holds
$
considering all the viewers,
or just the three with reliable functioning.
Specific session-by-session detail is presented in Table 8.
It
is
clear from these data that feedback, presented in the form described,
was not generally helpful in increasing the accuracy of postfeedback
elaboration.
Instead, in the majority of trials, the feedback appeared
to trigger Analytical Overlay
(AOL) of Images from memory and imagination,
resulting in some
(though not significant) degradation of the description
provided before, feedback,
at
least in those cases where the initial
description was
good.
In the few cases where the rating improved after
feedback, the improvement can be attributed to leading from the feedback,
because the results in those cases still showed little evidence for RV
functioning.
Overall,
then, there was no evidence that mid-session feedback
led to improved accuracy.
Instead,
there was
a trend
(though statistically
insignificant)
toward degradation of the result
by AOL.
4.
Caveats
In regard to the effects
of mid-session feedback just described,
care must
be taken not to generalize
that intrasession feedback £n any
form is necessarily unproductive;
only that there was
no evidence that
feedback in the form given was useful.
Evidence
is emerging in another
*
All viewers, one-way analysis of variance:
dfj
=
1,
df2
= 22, F = 4.3
required for
p < 0.05:
F(C' before and after feedback)
= 0.16,
F(C,
C'
after feedback)
= 0.44.
Three reliable viewers:
df^ = 1,
df2 = 16,
F = 4.49 required for p C 0.05:
F(C
7 before and after feedback)
= 0.53,
F(C,
C
7 after feedback) =0.03.
Approved For Release 2000/08/08S CIA-RDP96-00789R003200200001-4
(T —
^
Approved For Release 2000/08/08
: CIA-RDP96-00789R003200200001-4
study,4
for example, that simple statements of "correct," given in
immediate response to correct viewer statements can be helpful, parallelling
similar evidence in computer "guessing game" studies in which immediate
feedback appears to lead to increasingly elevated performance profiles.6
We have shown, however,
that descriptive statements of fact about a site,
given after a lengthy narrative by a viewer, may not be helpful.
With regard to the effects of a different kind of feedback,
post-session access to Information about the site,
the targeting study
was designed to parallel as closely as possible protocols that hold under
operational conditions.
As such, because feedback to the remote viewer
is often made available at some future time,
in our study we also provided
feedback.
In "this
case we took the viewer to the site following each
session.
Such post-experiment feedback provides, however,
a confounding
factor, both in our study and in
tasking in general:
namely,
the possibility of obtaining information via a precognition channel.
At
this point we have no data on whether a significant portion of
the infor-
mation is transferred via this channel in a typical RV session.
It
is
only known, primarily from RV data generated in other laboratories, 8
that
a precognitive channel can provide significant amounts
of information in
studies designed to focus on this aspect.
To determine as best we could whether there was any evidence in
this study for precognitive effects, we examined the transcripts and
flagged references to future site visitation that might in principle
trigger use of
a precognitive channel.
An average of approximately one
reference per transcript met this criterion
(49 references in 48 transcripts).
s
To determine first whether any potential effects of feedback
precognition might be distributed unevenly across
the session categories
,
and thereby possibly compromise
the effort to compare targeting techniques
,
a statistical analysis of the distribution of future feedback references
Approved For Release 2000/08/08
: CIA-RDP96-00789R003200200001-4
Approved For Release 2000/08/08
: CIA-RDP96-00789R003200200001-4
in the transcripts was done.
(The number of references totalled
16,
11,
and 14 for Targeting Techniques A,
B, and C, respectively.)
No evidence
was found for an uneven distribution across session conditions, indicating
no evidence for compromise caused by an uneven distribution of future-
’ll
feedback references
.
To check the matter further, we investigated whether there was
any evidence that references to future feedback resulted in higher individual
transcript ratings,
because a positive correlation between references and
ratings might indicate that triggered precognition played a major role.
Altogether, with 49 such references distributed across
48 transcripts, we
found by statistical test that
the correlation coefficient between number
#
of references per transcript and transcript ratings was
not significant
(r = 0.08,
p = 0.70).
Thus, we find no evidence that statements
that might in principle
encourage use of a precognitive channel had any effect, either for indi-
vidual transcript ratings or for the differential comparisons between
targeting conditions.
The possibility of precognitive influence is,
therefore, limited to the global possibility that a significant amount
of
information comes
via the precognitive mode when it
is available, simply
because
it
is available.
A separate study with feedback
withheld on a
random basis
is required to resolve this global question.
*One-way analysis
of variance:
dfx = 2,
df2 =33, F = 0.52
(F = 3.29
req^pproved
6ase 2000/08/08
: CIA-RDP96-00789R003200200001-4
Approved For Release 2000/08/08
: CIA-RDP96-00789R003200200001-4
T
r
r
r
V
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
In this study,
"Targeting Requirements Task", we investigated the
relative effectiveness
of three alternative RV targeting techniques in
use at the present time.
The techniques are:
(1)
Beacon targeting, in which the remote viewer has
had personal contact with, or is given a photograph
of an individual located at the target site at the time
of viewing.
(2)
Coordinate targeting,
in which the remote viewer
is
given 'the geographical coordinates
(latitude and
longitude,
in degrees, minutes and seconds)
of the
remote site to be described.
(3)
Abstract targeting,
in which the remote viewer
is
told only that there
is a site to be described.
In addition,
as
a secondary task we also investigated the efficacy
of giving the remote viewer limited mid-session feedback as
to the general
nature of the target site whose more detailed description we were seeking.
To address these issues, we collected a total of
48 RV trials
over
a four-month period, using San Francisco Bay Area
locations as
the target
sites .
These
48 trials
,
twelve from each of
four remote viewers
, were
divided into two groups:
thirty-six trials evenly distributed across
the
three targeting techniques
(Beacon, Coordinate and Abstract),
and an
additional twelve coordinate trials
in which mid-session feedback was
given,
to be compared with those coordinate trials without mid-session
feedback.
Relatively inexperienced viewers were used to minimize a priori
bias with regard to the efficacy of one targeting technique over another.
Before discussing the specific results of the study we note that the
findApproved FtofmR^dasei<2O^/(90/Q8nsCiApl^R96^£H^789<R0O®2Ot(Dii2aflcQOln4
Approved For Release 2000/08/08
: CIA-RDP96-00789R003200200001-4
tyPical1H^^M RV sessions, which include the possibility of eventual
future feedback to the viewer as to
"ground truth."
The results obtained
in this study,
as in
tasks ,
are, therefore,
subject to the
caveat that a global precognitive channel
could be operative, and it is
recommended that this issue be examined separately in future work.
The results of this study are .summarized as follows:
•
Three of the four viewers exhibited reliable RV
functioning.
•
For the viewers
as
a group
(and for the successful
viewers as
a subgroup),
no significant differences
as to the efficiacy of one targeting technique over
another emerged;
all three techniques provided useful
data of comparable accuracy, indicating that there is
little, if any,
intrinsic difference between the modes.
•
For one of the successful viewers, who quickly developed
an order of preference for targeting techniques,
sig-
nificant differences were noted, aligned with the expressed
preferences;
we take this to indicate that
the apparent
intrinsic equality of the technique evidenced in the
overall results of the study can be modulated by personal
preference or bias, and so the choice of targeting must
be
tempered by this factor.
•
In the case of Beacon Targeting,
no significant
difference between personal contact and the use of a
photograph was evident.
•
Mid-session feedback in the form given
(limited feedback
as to the general nature of the site, following the
development of a coherent
15- or 20-min narration by
the viewer)
yielded no significant improvement
in
accuracy, and some
(though statistically nonsignificant)
evidence for degradation of accuracy, at
least in the
better transcripts
.
We,
therefore,
conclude that remote viewers
can describe remote sites
of interest with equal accuracy, using Beacon, Coordinate, or Abstract
Targeting Techniques, subject only to their individual preferences.
Attempts
to increase the accuracy of such results by providing mid-session
Approved For Release 2000/08/08
: CIA-RDP96-00789R003200200001-4
Approved For Release 200p/Q8/08
: CIA-RQP96-00789R003200200001-4
mmj
descriptive feedback as to the general nature of the site,
are,
however,
not
likely to be successful.
Approved For Release 2000/08/Gft
: CIA-RDP96-00789R003200200001-4
Approved For Release 2000/
6-00789R003200200001 -4
REFERENCES
1.
H.
E. Puthoff and
R.
Targ,
"A Perceptual Channel for Information
Transfer over Kilometer Distances:
Historical Perspective and Recent
Research," Proc .
IEEE ,
Vol.
64,
pp. 329-354
(March 1976),
UNCLASSIFIED.
2.
H.
E.
Puthoff,
R.
Targ, and E.
C. May,
"Experimental
Psi Research:
Implications for Riysics," in The Role of Consciousness in the
Physical World ,
Ed.
R.
Jahn, AAAS Selected Symposium 57
(Westview
Press,
Inc., Boulder,
CO,
1981),
UNCLASSIFIED.
3.
R.
Targ;
H.
E.
Puthoff,
B.
S.
Humphrey, and_E.
C.
May,
"Special
Orientation Techniques
(U)," Final Report ,
SRI
International, Menlo Park, CA
(June
1980),
4.
H.
E.
Puthoff,
"RV Reliability, Enhancement, and Evaluation
(U),"
Final Report
,
SRI
International, Menlo Park,
CA
(February 1982),
5.
C.
T.
Tart, Learning to Use Extrasensory Perception (University of
Chicago Press, Chicago,
II,
1976),
UNCLASSIFIED.
6.
J.
P.
Bisaha and
B.
J.
Dunne,
"Multiple Subject and Long-Distance
Precognitive Remote Viewing of Geographical Location," in Mind At
Large:
Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers Symposia
on the Nature of Extrasensory Perception ,
Ed.
C.
T.
Tart,
H.
E.
Puthoff,
R.
Targ
(Praeger Press,
New York,
NY,
1979),
UNCLASSIFIED.
Approved For Release 2000/08/08
: Cl
003200200001 -4
Final Report
Covering the Period
1 May
1979 to 31 March
1980
June
1980
SPECIAL ORIENTATION TECHNIQUES
(U)
ApproveriaFor Release 2000/08/08
: CIA-RDP96-00789R003200200001-4
0200001-4
Approved For Release 2000/08/08
: CIA-RDP
.
Viewer
No.
155
(U)
2.
Viewer No.
292
(U)
3.
Viewer No.
372
CU)
4.
Viewer No.
468
(U)
5.
Viewer
No.
518
(U)
6.
Viewer No.
690
(U)
C.
Analysis of Transcript Correlations
(U)
D.
Summary of Judging Results
for Local Target
Sites
(U)
E.
Phase-One Conclusions
(U)
J
ORIENTATION PROGRAM—PHASE TWO
(U)
A.
Remote Viewing
(RV)
of 35-mm Slides
(U)
Viewer No. 372 RV
2.
Viewer No.
518 RV
3.
Comparison of Blind Judging and Accuracy Rating
for 35—mm Slides
(U) ..•••
B.
Future Remote Viewing
(FRV)
(U)
*
1.
Viewer
No.
468,
RV and. FRV of 35-mm Slides
(U)
2.
Viewer No.
292,
RV and FRV of 35-mm Slides
(U)
3.
Viewer No.
155,
RV and FRV of 35-mm Slides
(U)
4.
Viewer No.
155,
FRV of Local Target
Sites
(U).
C.
Extended Remote Viewing
(ERV)
, Viewer No.
518
(U)
.
1.
Background
(U)
2.
Pilot Effort
(U)
3.
Formal Series
(Six Trials)
(U)
4.
Discussion
(U)
D.
Remote Viewing
of Alphabet Letters
(U)
E.
Coordinate Remote Viewing
(CRV) with
Immediate
Feedback
(U)
VI
CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
fill
Approved For Release 2000/08/08
: CIA-RDP96,
iv
0001-4
i
i
Approved For Release 2000/08/08
: CIA-RDP96-00789R003200200001-4
ILLUSTRATIONS
(U)
Stanford Art Museum Target
(a), and Response
(b),
by
Viewer 372
(U)
Beacon Tower in Vicinity of Control Tower Target at Palo
Alto Airport
(a), and Response by Viewer No.
292
(b)
(U)
Windmill Target and Responses by Viewers
S5
(a) and
No.
468
(b)
(U).
.
****•••••••#
*
Redwood City Cross
Target, and Responses of Viewers 372
(a)
and
155
(b)
(U)
****•••#
Pedestrian Overpass Target, and Responses of S4
(a) and
No.
155
(b)
(U)
Distribution of 36 Target/Transcript Correspondences
for
Local Target
Sites
(6 subjects,
6 transcripts each),
Showing
More than 50% First-Place Matches
(U)
Comparison Between Blind-Judge Rankings and Accuracy
Assessments
(U)
Ultra Modern Dome House—Target, and Viewer 372
Drawing
(U)
**•**••«*
Mount Alverno Conference Center
, and Viewer 372
Drawing
(U)
Stanford Shopping Center—Target
,
and Viewer 372
Drawing
(U)
***••••••
Varsity Theatre Arcade—Target, and Viewer 518
Drawing
(U)
***•••*•«
Victorian House—Target,
and Viewer 518 Drawing
(U)
Glass Slipper Mote1—Target
, and Viewer 518 Drawing
(U)
Stanford Shopping Center—Target
, and Response of
Viewer No.
468
(U)
„
Target Slide,
and Viewer 292 Response Fifteen Minutes
Before
Random Selection of Target
(U)
Target Slide, and Viewer 272 Response Fifteen Minutes
Before
Random Selection of Target
(U)
6i
Approved For Release 2000/08/08
: CIA-RDP96-00789R003200200001-4
V
ed For Release 2000/08/08
: CIA-RDP96-00789R008200200001-4
DP96-00789R003J
„
>nd viewer No.
518 ERV Response
<D)
.
'ODDer Pitcher and
vie
a viewer No.
518 ERV Response
(U)
?ood Mill Target and V
.
ewer No.
518 ERV Response
(U)
„
i.
TflrEGt and Vxgwg
raW
No
518 ERV Response
(U)
.
•
Tripod Target and Viewer
No.
. viewer No.
518 ERV Response
(U).
•
•
Antenna and Viewe
ERV Response
(U)
.
•
Approved For Release 2000/08/08
: CIA-RDP96-00789R003200200001-4
pm;
jwM
'
PPft
'W?
Approved For Release 2000/08/08
: CIA-RDP96-00789R003200200001-4
TABLES
(U)
Results of Transcript Concept Analysis of a Remote Viewing
Experiment
(U)
•
•
*
*
0-7 Point Accuracy Rating Scale for Target/Transcript
Correspondence
(U)
»
Total Scores
for Each of the Six Viewers in Phase-One
Orientation Program
Distribution of CRV Target/Response Matchings
(U)
Program Summary
(U)
100
|
Approved For Release 2000/08/08vi£IA-RDP96-00789R003200200001-4
Approved For Release 2000/08/08
: CIA-RDP96-00789R003200200001-4
I
OBJECTIVE
(U)
The objectives of this program are the optimization of remote
viewing
(RV) protocols
, the orientation of selected individuals to reach
enhanced levels
of ability, and the establishment of screening procedures
to enlarge the population from which individuals are selected.
Approved For Release 2000/08/08
: CIA-RDP96-00789R003200200001-4
Approved For Release 2000/08/08J CIA-RDP96-00789R003200200001-4
II
INTRODUCTION AND SUMMARY
(U)
A.
Basic Program Structure
(u)
In this report we present results and assessments of a one-year
program for the optimization of remote viewing
BBHHfe"
1116 obJective of this Program was
to familiarize these
individuals with the
SRI remote viewing protocols,
to produce enhanced
levels of ability, and
to establish screening tests and procedures for
enlarging the population from which such individuals are selected.
(0)
For the past seven years SRI
International has been Investigating
a
. human peroeptual/processing ability oalled remote viewing
(HV>.
Ibis
is
the subject matter of the current study, and it pertains
to the
acquisition and description,
by mental means
,
of information blocked from
ordinary perception by distance or shielding and generally considered to
be secure from such access
At the start of thls Program , six individuals were chosen^
‘t° Participate in an RV technology transfer
With the exception of one of the six who had participated in an ESP study
several
years earlier,
these participants when selected were inexperienced
with regard
to paranormal perception in general, and RV in particular.
A variety of different training protocols were examined with the goal of
helping the participants familiarize themselves with the SRI RV techniques.
Formal assessment and transfer series were
carried out with each of the
six participants,
in which they were asked to use mental imagery processes
to describe distant geographic locations
(bridges,
roads,
buildings,
etc.),
hidden 35-mm slides
of similar sites, and objects placed in a controlled-
access
location.
Several other information series were carried out.
These
a^ppMv^1f
<GflAiRBR06oe©789ROO32OO2OOOO1 -4
^
"7
708
: CIA-RDP96-00789R003200200001 -4
o
Four of the six Participants eaeh Produced results that -
vnortation in assessment series
parted significantly from chance e^
^^ ^ produced
were formally Judged by very s
r o ^ ^ sugBestive ot paranormal
results in the
^ hlghly significant per-
perception.
ver
.
^ ^ ^ ^
ln 25
,000 of such a result occurring
formance
(p — ’
by chance )
.
^we are including in this introduction one illustrative example
ef aerial for a real-time dan Francisco Bay Area -- targe
•
»o
372
mho contributed this
data, produced a mixture
V
ome excellent and some noncorresponding,
in his tmo series
Tr
M^r."rL descriptions mere among the best obtained in the
program, and his overall consistency in performance resnlted in both o
his individual series reaching statistical significance.
c,
Current and proposed programs are directed at gaining pattici-
ts to bring their BV ability under more conscious
control, and
to
pants
tiat umlt BV reliability.
These
to recognize and overcome
erroneo„s data by the
limiting factors center around the generate
viewer from his memory and imagination.
An examp
e
resolution of such noise
is the following.
„
closeted with an interviewer
in the laboratory
(U)
The viewer was
closete
.
.
nm
, s arrival at their destination.
The
.
to await
the target team s arnva
Stanford campus
.
The viewer
+VlD
Stanford Art Museum on the
Stani
target was the
shapes
th.t
he sald
wade several tentative outline shetches o
. careful
d
..
face of
a building.
Finally,
- rrrn i
- -—
*—
f
perspective draw
and the viewer
' s drawing is shown for
the target
is shown in Figure
1(a), and
son in Figure
1(b).
The viewer's narrative described the
fa
compan
white and black pattern,
a white
the building as
follows:
There
is a
Approved For Release 2000/08/08
: CIA-RDP96-00789R003200200001-4
Approved For Release 2000/08/08
: CIA-RDP96-00789R003200200001-4
(U)
M
and black striped pattern."
...
"It's
like an inverted rectangle, wit
square fastened to the back,
or a rectangle
laid down behind it." ®L
two buildings in one.
One building."
"I have the sense that there
i
dirt by the walls
...."
He went on to talk about trees,
flowers, *d
bicycles, all of which can be found directly in front of the
target
building.
*
B .
Task Summary
(U
)
(U)
In the following we briefly summarize results of the variwu
perceptual tasks that were undertaken:
•
(U)
Bay Area Target Site Remote Viewing .
In the Phase One*
activities
, six RV trials with local San Francisco Bay Area
sites
as targets were
carried out with each of the six
m
viewers.
In these six series, four of the viewers each
produced results that were independently significant
(p < 0.05),
making the series
as
a whole strongly
^
significant
(p =
4 X 10-5
;
odds of one in 25,000).
•
(U)
Remote Viewing of 35-mm Slides.
These trials
”
~~ —
—————————
M
were carried out under varying conditions for five
viewers in Phase Two.
One viewer, who generated
significant results
in Phase One,
was again independently m
significant
in his description of distant slides.
A
second viewer, also producing significant results
in
Phase One,
produced drawings
in Phase Two that were
M
formally judged to have significant
correlations with
the slide targets, although his verbal material did not.
A third viewer was asked to describe slides before they
*
were
chosen,
that would be shown to him at
a
later time.
His results were suggestive of success
(p
= 0.1)
but not
statistically significant.
Similar trials with two other !
viewers were also encouraging but nonsignificant.
Remote Viewing in
a
fcDOrv\
A viewer who was
successful
in the slide viewing trials also carried out
a
series using extended remote viewing,
in which he spent
more than an hour on each of six attempts
to describe
objects held in a
rvorA
Approved For Release 2000/08/08
: CIA-RDP96-00J89R003200200001-4
Approved For Release 2000/08/08
: CIA-RPP96-00789R003200200001-4
iiKi
•i
.
Two judges evaluated this
~^j^vJe^^^response!^^on^jiidged it significant
(p = 0.05),
and one just missed significance.
•
(U)
Alphabet Targets
.
A viewer successful in both Bay Area
remote viewing and slide trials also participated in a
series in which he attempted to describe alphabet
letters
in a distant
location.
This was
not a formal series,
since
the protocol, which was exploratory in nature, was changed
several times during the series.
However,
the percentage
hits
result indicates that the viewer was in contact with
the target
letters at a rate higher than would be expected
by chance.
These data, taken in conjunction with data
generated on another program,
show promise that this ability
can be developed.
•
(U)
Correlated Responses .
In the
course of the year's
work ,
* targets were repeated from
time, to time as a result
of random selection from a target pool of sixty.
In some
cases we obtained strikingly similar responses
(even when
incorrect) from the different viewers who encountered these
repeated targets.
These responses also cori\lated well
with responses obtained from other viewers over past
years
of research.
The observation of such a result indicates
the possibility that given target
stimuli trigger charac-
teristic responses, which could be tabulated in a "dictionary"
of site attributes
.
Coordinate Remote Viewing
(CRV) .
Three of the viewers
took part
in CRV exercises
in which they were asked to
describe distant
locations anywhere on the globe, given
only the geographical coordinates of
latitude and longitude.
This
is an ability that
has been well demonstrated by some
of our experienced participants, and similar encouraging
results were obtained
in these
One exercise which was sufficiently lengthy to justify
analysis was found to be statistically significant at
^
p = 0.0083
(odds
of one
in 120).
From these studies we find evidence that
the SRI RV technology
is transferable;
one of the
viewers
turned in clearly superior
performances, and three others produced successful
(statistically signifi
cant) remote viewing at
a
level to indicate useful information transfer.
Approved For Release 2000/08/08 )7CIA-RDP96-00789R003200200001-4
Approved For Release 2000/08/08
: CIA-
6-00789R003200200001 -4
C.
Report Organization
(U)
B
(U)
In Section
III we describe the SRI RV protocols,
including
results from the past, and our expectations for the present program.
also discuss the screening procedures used to select viewers and the M
judging procedures used to evaluate the results of the investigations
carried out in the current program.
(U)
In Section IV we describe the first phase of the study,
in
which we systematically carried out RV trials with the participants ^
obtain baseline data from each under similar experimental conditions.
In Section V we present
the exploratory work carried out
ir
Phase Two in an effort
to extend the repertoire of RV tools available
personnel
.
(U)
Our conclusions and recommendations are presented in Sectid111
Approved For Release 2000/08/08
CIA-RDP96-00789R003200200001 -4
Approved For Release 2[lir
DP96-00789R003200200001 -4
III
BACKGROUND
(U)
(U)
With the overall objective of improving the reliability of
psychoenergetic functioning, we have in the past investigated several
different screening procedures, familiarization/training protocols,
and
judging techniques,
both with the goal of developing procedures useful in
identifying gifted remote viewers
,
and of providing the most optimal
strategies to permit individuals
to exploit
the RV phenomenon to useful
ends.
In this section we provide background data on each of
these areas.
#
A.
Screening
(U)
[one of the goals of the program was to pursue the question of
population from
the establishment of screening procedures
to enlarge
which individuals are selected for RV work.
(U)
In the psychoenergetics field in general,
two approaches
to
screening have been pursued;
screening by profile, and screening by
performance.
Both have been examined to a
limited degree in this program.
(U)
In screening by profile, 'one attempts to establish physiological
and/or psychological parameters which differentiate high-performance from
low-performance individuals \
In an early program SRI
carried out an
extensive profiling program on gifted individuals and controls
.
The tests
included a comprehensive medical evaluation,
including X—ray scans ^f
the
brain, and comprehensive psychological and neuropsychological profiling.
The following list of tests administered gives an idea as to the thorough-
ness
of the evaluations:
Wechsler Adult
Intelligence Scale
(WAIS),
Bender
Gestalt Visual Motor Test, Benton Visual Memory Test, Wechsler Memory
Scale,
Luscher Color Test,
Strong Vocational
Interest Blank, Minnesota
Approved For Release 2000/08^08
: CIA-RDP96-00789R003200200001-4
Approved For Release 2000/08/08
: CIA-RDP96-00789R003200200001-4
(U)
HI
Multiphasic Personality Inventory
(MMPI), Edwards Personality Preference
Schedule
(EPPS),
Rorschach
Inkblot, Thematic Apperception Test
(TAT),
Halstead Category Test
, Tactual Performance Test
, Speech Perception Te§|
,
Seashore Rhythm Test, Finger Tapping Test, Trail Making Test, Knox Cube
Test, Raven Progressive Matrices, Verbal Concept Attainment Test,
Buscifee
Memory Test, Grooved Pegboard Tests, Gottschaldt Hidden-Figures Test, and
the spatial relations subtest of the SRA Primary Mental Abilities Test*
The overall result of this testing was that
no clear profile parameters
*
emerged on which an a priori screening procedure could be based.
*
In contrast
to formal testing, however,
several years observati
of
rfemote viewers by SRI researchers
has
led to an informal guide
baser"!
o
subjective evaluation of
the personality traits of successful viewers.
This rule-of-thumb guide is
based on the observation that successful n
viewers tend to be confident
,
outgoing
, adventurous
,
broadly successful
individuals with some artistic bent.
With this as a guide,
the sponsor
considered
a population of 250 potential candidates
for the RV programm
Of these,
117 were interviewed, resulting
in a pool of 30-35 individual-
for potential active use in the program.
With regard to the
SRI orienta-
tion program,
ten of these were selected for interview by the
SRI
team,
of which six were chosen for active participation in the SRI program. *
This
constitutes
the
level
of screening by profile.
(U)
In screening by performance,
a number of unselected or pre-
selected individuals are given a psychoenergetics
task to perform.
Those
performing successfully are then said to be screened by the task,
and
f.
e
then graduated to further tasking.
(U)
H.
Puthoff and R.
Targ,
"Perceptual Augmentation Techniques
(U),'!
Final Report,
SRI Project 3183,
SRI
International,
Menlo Park,
CA
1975),
-RDP96-00789R003200200001 -4
(December
Approved For Release 2000/08j/^PBf-
Approved For Release 2000/08/08
: CIA-RDP96-00789R003200200001-4
mm
In this study,
the six individuals pre-screened by interview
were then screened by performance on a six—trial RV series involving
local San Francisco Bay Area locations
as target
sites.
Four of
the six
participants produced results that individually were statistically sig-
nificant.
Since this overall result
is itself statistically significant
we take as evidence that
the interview selection
(screenirig) procedure
based on the SRI-supplied informal guidelines was
successful, keeping in
mind that the sample
is too small to make an absolutely definitive
statement
.
H Furthermore , taking the initial six—trial series as
a performance-
screening
insti'ument
, we found that the four high-performance individuals
in this series continued to perform with good success
in additional
tasks,
while the two lower—performance individuals were also less successful
in
later tasks.
We consider this
to be an important finding.
(U)
From these overall results we conclude
that pre-screening on
the basis
of interview, following the informal SRI guideline
criteria,
and screening by performance, using the SRI Standard RV Protocols, both
constitute basic screening tools
that in this program provided reliable
indicators of success
in psychoenergetic performance.
B.
Remote Viewing Protocols for the Description of Local
(San Francisco Bay Area) Target Sites
(U)
(U)
As
a result
of efforts over
the years
to develop an optimum
psychoenergetic task appropriate
for screening and training,
we have
settled on a standard remote-viewing
(RV) procedure which
is
a refined
Version of that described in our Proc.
IEEE paper .
The elements of the
*(U)
H.
E.
Puthoff and
R.
Targ,
"A Perceptual Channel for Information
Transfer over Kilometer Distances
:
Historical Perspective and Recent
Research," Proc.
IEEE ,
Vol.
64,
pp. 329-354
(March
1976).
Approved For Release 2000/08/08
: CIA-RDP96-00789R003200200001-4
Approved For Release 2000/08/08
: CIA-RDP96-00789R003200200001-4
2.
Remote Viewer/Interviewer Roles
(U)
(U)
An important methodological aspect of the SRI RV protocols
is based on the fact that the remote viewer/interviewer team constitutes
a single information gathering unit in which the remote viewer's role
is
designed to be that of perceiver/information source, and the interviewer's
role
is designed to
be that of analytical control.
This division of labor
is designed to mirror the two
primary modes of cerebral functioning;
namely,
the nonanalytic cognitive
style
(related to brain function) that predominates
in spatial pattern
recognition and other holistic processing
(and is hypothesized
to pre-
dominate in psi functioning),
and the analytical cognitive style that
predominates
in verbal and other analytical functioning.*
(Only very
experienced remote viewers appear to have the ability to handle both
cognitive styles simultaneously.)
The interviewer role, removing as
it
does
the burden of analytical functioning during exercise of the RV faculty,
appears
to be a key element
in generating
the
level of success required
'
in operational programs,
and we attribute
the success of
the SRI RV
C
I
protocols
in large part to this innovative design which appears to provide
|k
an appropriate match to the required functioning.
^
3.
Target Pool Selection
(U)
(U)
Target
locations in the San Francisco Bay Area are selected
by a team of
two Radio Physics Laboratory personnel who are
not
involved
(U)
See, e.g.,
J.
Ehrenwald,
"Cerebral Localization and the Psi Syndrome," I
of Nervous and Mental Disease
,
Vol.
161,
No.
6,
pp.
393-398;
R.
Ornstein,*
The Nature of Human Consciousness
,
San Francisco,
CA:
Freeman,
1973,
Ch.
7 and
8;
and R.
W.
Sperry,
"Cerebral Organization and Behavior,"
Science
,
Vol.
133,
pp.
1749-1757
(1961).
Approved For Release 2000/08/08
: &A-RDP96-00789R003200200001-4
Approved For Release 200
: CIA-RBP96-00789R003200200001-4
(U)
.
ln our view each
(novel) environmental factors would divert some of
subject's much-needed attention.
6.
Interviewer Behavior
(U)
(0)
Hie interviewer arranges ahead of time to have pen and paper
available for drawing, and a tape recorder.
The room lighting is somewhat
aubdued to prevent after-image highlights, shadows on eyelids,
etc.
(D)
When the agreed-upon RV trial time arrives
, the interviewer
simply asks the remote viewer to "describe the Impressions that come to
mind with regard to where the target person is."
The interviewer does
net
pressure the remote viewer to verbalize continuously;
if he were to.
the
remote viewer' might tend to embroider descriptions to please the interviewer,
a well-known syndrome in behavioral studies of
this type.
If the remote
viewer tends toward being analytical
("I see Macy's")
the interviewer
gently leads him into description,
not analysis.
("You don't have to tell
me where it
is,
Just describe what you s«*">
This is
the most important
and difficult task of the interviewer, but
is apparently necessary for
good results
, especially with inexperienced remote viewers
.
(U)
It
is also useful for the interviewer to "surprise” the
remote viewer with new viewpoints.
("Go above
the scene and look down-
what do you see?
If
you look to the
left, what do you see?")
The remote
viewer's viewpoint appears to shift rapidly with a question like
this,
and
the data come through before the viewer's defenses activate to block it
out.
The interviewer role described here, applicable to the^ag|ag||
Soh/scrcening task at hand, is appropriately modified for|^^^™
eXDerienced remote viewer.
In the
£>Ki^
.
—Viewer is
if not blind to the target, supplying positive
for correct target-related responses.
Approved For Release 2000/0^^^^^^9€i-00789R003200200001-4
I
I
Approved For Release 2000/08/08
: CIA-RDP96-00789R003200200001-4
IV
ORIENTATION PROGRAM—PHASE ONE
(U)
In this section we describe the six remote viewing series
carried
out with each of the^m|| volunteers
.
All series have been
assessed as
to the amount of remote viewing exhibited in each.
Four
of
these series were found, by blind judging,
to depart significantly from
chance expectation.
Finding four such significant series,
in a group
of six,
is sufficient to make the group as
a whole statistically signifi-
cant
(p = 4 X # 10"5
).
A description of each trial in each of the series
will be presented below.
A.
Remote Viewing of Local Target Sites
(U)
M
During
the months
of May,
June, and July,
six one-weekremote
viewing series were conducted,
one week with each of the slx ^p£^
par_
ticipants.
These series were carried out at the rate of two series
per
month.
The purpose of these
initial training activities was
to obtain
baseline data on each of
the participants
taking
part
in a uniform series
of trials, and to provide a basis
for
later evaluation and comparison of
their performance
in more diverse tasks
.
(U)
The six remote viewing sessions
for each participant were
con
ducted at
a rate of one per day,
except
for Thursdays, when there were
two sessions.
The project directors divided the interviewing tasks, with
RT remaining with the viewer for the first four trials, and HP acting as
interviewer for
the
last two ,
in every case
.
Approved For Release 2000/08/0&: CIA-RDP96-00789R003200200001-4
Approved For Release 200jb/08/j
CIA-RDP96-00789R003200200001 -4
f)
B -
Summary of
the Six Series
(U)
following summarizes our impressions of the thirty-sir remote
viewing trials
carried out in our laboratory. May through July 1979,
by the six .^UJ^articipants
.
<0)
In order to present a coherent assessment of the sessions in
this summary, we rate each session individually by a measure we call
Accuracy Bating.
This is our evaluation as
to the correspondences between
viewer-generated transcripts and the intended target
site.
This assess-
ment
is carried out on a £ost hoc basis with knowledge of the target site,
and so
is not intended to be the equivalent of "blind judging."
Its
Utility
is. that it provides a relative measure from our standpoint as
to
the success
of
the various participants.
We rate each transcript on a
0 to 7 scale, with a 0 for no correspondence, and a
for a transcript
.
that shows excellent correspondence with essentially no incorrect infor-
mation, and including good analytical detail
(for example,
naming the
target by name).
The scale
is shown in Table
2.
Again,
the 0 to 7 rating
1S "0t “ bUnd "eaSUre
°f the lev*l
functioning,
but rather a
procedure for comparing the relative performance of the participants
As
I
»e see
later, however,
the correlation or agreement between our Accuracy
Hating system and the results of formal blind judging is high.
1.
Viewer
No.
155
(U)
<D> ~^
1=
Wite Plaza at Stanford University
This
trial
was
the first
in the overall group of thirty-six, and also was
in our
opinion
(and that of
the blind judge) one of the very best in the series
Of six With this remote viewer.
The viewer correctly identified
the main
feature of
the site as
being a plaza with a fountain.
He also had a tall
column dominating
the scene, which could be a match to Hoover Tower
a
looming structure nearby.
Additionally described were
a series of arches,
Approved For Release 2000/08/0^: CIA-RDP96-00789R003200200001-4
I
Approved For Release 2000/0
CIA-RQR96-00789R003200200001 -4
representation of the arched entrance to the overpass.
Again, however,
there were so many extraneous elements
to the viewer's output that our
judge ranked this transcript fourth out of six.
Rating
it only with
regard to the individual target, we assigned it an Accuracy Rating = 3.
This remote viewing series was
the first
to be conducted
with a
volunteer.
It was
judged in accordance with the detailed
concept analysis described earlier.
The final tally revealed only one
correct first-place assignment, and all others fourth-place or
less.
The
series was therefore statistically nonsignificant
, according to our
evaluation criteria.
Our Accuracy Rating assessment agreed fairly well
with the blind judging results,
both being relatively low because
of the
viewer's
frdquent inclusion of erroneous elements along with strongly
correct ones
in a given transcript /drawing package
,
a combination that
made judging difficult.
(Our sum of Accuracy Ratings was
16,
the
next
to the
lowest
of the six.)
In engineering terms
this would be a good
example of
a signal-to-noise problem.
There were occasional good examples
of signal,
but
it was generally overwhelmed by the noise.
2.
Viewer No.
292
(U)
(U)
Target
1:
SRI Courtyard .
The central feature of this
large, enclosed courtyard is
a fountain in a square concrete base.
The
viewer described
a number of different architectual forms
including domes
and columns, which are not
at the target site.
He also described
a small
waterfall,
however, which
is
in fact at the site,
in a form well illustrated
by one of his drawings.
In addition, another drawing shows an eight-lobed
circular structure that
closely resembles
the inner portion of
the fountain.
Because
of the many nonapplicable elements of the description,
however,
this transcript only merits an Accuracy Rating
= 3.
Approved For Release 2000/08/08
: C*A-RDP96-00789R003200200001-4
Approved For Release 2000/08/08
DP96-00789R003200200001 -4
(U)
type devised by the client.
In this approach one rates as "perfect”
(e.g., 7 on a 0-to-7 scale) a transcript in which the target
is unequivo
daily identified.
If there is no apparent relationship between the
transcript and the intended target, on the other hand,
the transcript
is
rated 0.
For intermediate results , an Intermediate rating is assigned
as indicated earlier in Table 2.
All transcripts were given a numerical
Accuracy Hating, using the 0-to-7 scale,
in the presence of
the contract
monitor.
The summary data for the two judging processes are tabulated
in Table 3.
(0)
We are now in a position to compare mathematically our Accuracy
Bating ot the transcripts
(post hoc evaluation scale) with the formal
ratings
of., the same transcripts
by a blind
judge.
In Figure
7 we have
.
plotted a comparison of the Accuracy Batlngs
(vertical scale) and the
blind-judge rankings
(horizontal scale).
We have also calculated the
correlation coefficient between these two sets of ratings for the 36
transcripts/target pairs evaluated by both procedures.
For the 36 pairs,
the
correlation coefficient
is
r = 0.59.
The numerical probability of
correlation this high or higher occurring
by chance between "uncorrelated”
data over the same range of values
is only one
in twenty thteand
(p
=
5 X 10"5
).
m
This important result shows
that
a post hoc Accuracy Bating
technique similar to that used by the client organization
to evaluate
transcripts and viewer performance is very well
correlated with objective
blind matching normally used in psychology to evaluate data of
this
type.
phase
have
carried out six series of remote viewine
trials:
««
viewing trials, one series with each of
Approved For Release 2000/08/08
: filA-RDP96-00789R003200200001-4
j/08/08
: CIA.RDP96-00789R003200200001-4
Table
(concluded)
Viewer No.
690
Target
Alta Mesa Cemetery
Four Seasons Restaurant Arch
Shielded Room
Automobile Showroom
Palo Alto Library Stacks
Methodist Church
Blind Place Match
p < 0.002
Accuracy
Rating
_4
Note:
The probability of obtaining 4 significant series out
of
6 by chance
is
itself significant at odds of
less
than
one in ten thousand.
the six
volunteers
.
All
but
one of these individuals had
little experience with psychic functioning in general, and all had only
limited introductory experience with
the remote viewing protocols of
SRI
in particular before their participation in the SRI program.
Ihe goal of
this
program was
to familiarize
the
individuals with these protocols and
attempt
to achieve enhanced
levels of functioning
(as
compared with chancy
expectation)
.
Of the six viewers taking part in the trials,
four carried out
series
that showed success sufficient
to reach individual statistically
significant
departure from chance expectation,
as measured by blind matchi J
of each of the viewer's six responses against the six target locations
used in his
series.
Finding four participants out of six reaching
statistical significance at
p < 0.05 results
in the entire group of trials
Approved For Release 2000/08/08
: CIA-RDP96-00789R003200200001 -4
Approved For Release 2090/08/08
: CIIPRDP96-00789R003200200001-4
B .
Future Remote Viewing
(FRY)
(U
)
In the
course
of our remote viewing experiments we have occa-
sionally been directed
to have subjects describe a target
location or event as
it would appear at some future time.
We have also
asked viewers to describe target
locations that would not be chosen until
after the end of their description.
Our assessment
is
that the quality of these
(admittedly few) future
remote viewings
is approximately comparable to that the the remote viewings
carried out with real-time targets.
It appears that
if the FRV process
can be developed further it would offer a new and stunning array of
possibilities
.
~
t
(U)
In addition to our own experience with FRV in the laboratory,
the principal remote viewing replications in the academic community,
which have been carried out at Mundelein College in Chicago by Bisaha
and Dunne,
have all4een of the FRV type, with the target selection
following the viewer description, often by several hours.
These were
successful even when the viewers were in Chicago, and the outbound expen-
*
menter was in the Soviet Union.
(U)
We recognize that there
is
no current physical explanation for
future remote viewing, although theories have been put forward by physicists
Feinberg and
de Beauregard, among others.
However, even in the absence
of
a good understanding,
these phenomena appear to occur with some relia-
bility,
and therefore
lend themselves
to utilitarian purpose.
(U)
In the past
year, future remote viewing scans have been carried
out using as
targets both 35-mm slides and
local Bay Area locations being
K
(U)
J.
Bisaha and
B.
Dunne,
"Mind at Large,"
Institute of Electrical
and Electronic Engineers Symposia on the Nature of Extrasensory_J
-
ception,
C.
T.
Tart,
H.
E.
Puthoff
,
and
R.
Targ,
Eds.
(Praeger,
New
York,
N.Y.
,
1979).
Approved For Release 200Q/08/®8
: CIA-RBP96-00789R003200200001-4
Approved For Release 2000/08/08
: CIA-RDP96-00789R003200200001-4
mm
(U)
describe into a tape recorder his
impressions of a target object.
Each
session was terminated either by the monitor who indicated that the
(approximate) three-hour period was up,
or by the remote viewer himself
at a somewhat earlier time.
The remote viewer was then taken to the
target
location for feedback.
asked to describe the facility as well as the target object;
for the
remaining three trials
he was asked to describe the target object
only.
(U)
Before the fifth trial,
it was decided by the remote viewer
and monitor that
the target
location for the remaining two trials should
be changed so as
to avoid analytical overlay problems associated with
target-site familiarity.
The site chosen by the monitor was
the roof of
the Radio Physics Laboratory building,
directly above the ceiling of
the
room in which the remote viewer was
located.
<U)
Trial
1 .
The target object
for Trial
1 was
a copper ewer
(pitcher)
placed on a dark brown wood-grained table
(see Figure
17).
The remote viewer sketched an object
that evolved into a table-lamp
base,
finally topped by a
lampshade.
The description of the facility rendered by the remote
viewer had many matching elements, although
it appears that the remote
viewer combined the two primary rooms
into one;
because of this,
however,
the description is ambiguous and cannot
be taken as evidential.
(U)
Trial
.
The target object
for Trial 2 was a metal food
mill with red handle shown in Figure
18.
In response the remote viewer
Approved For Release 2000/08/08
: CIA-RDP96-00789R003200200001-4
—
_
Approved For Release 2000/08/08
: CIA-RDP96-00789R003200200001-4
(U)
sketched a silver-grey object with a handle on it that looked first
like
a fireplace scoop
(most correct),
and then evolved into a bellows.
(U)
Trial
3 .
The target for Trial
3 was
a straw hat with
curled up brim and dimpled top
(Figure
19).
The remote viewer's response
is shown in the same figure.
(U)
Trial 4 .
Target
4 was a photographic tripod
(Figure 20).
The remote viewer's response, shown in the same figure,
consisted essen-
tially of a silver teapot-like object sitting on a tripod.
Trial
5 .
Following the first four trials,
the monitor and
remote viewer agreed that
the target
location for
remaining two trials
be elsewhere«|^^^m^^m||^^H^^mmmH^.
altern-
ative
locations were discussed, with the final decision to be made by the
monitor.
The monitor
chose the roof of the Radio Physics Laboratory and
intended to place a target there.
Due
to an error in timing,
the remote
viewer began the fifth session without having met with the monitor to
learn which of the discussed alternative locations was
to
be used.
In
the absence of this
communication there was no overtly agreed-upon target
location and no special target was set up.
Nonetheless, we observe post
hoc that the remote viewer described an outside,
brightly
lit gravel-based
area
,
and provided a response that resembled the intended roof target
area
(see Figure 21).
Because of
the ambiguity of target
location and
absence of
a specific intended target,
however,
this trial
is
set aside
and not included in the package of results
to
be blind judged.
(U)
Trial
6 .
The target chosen for the final
trial was
a world
globe
(Figure 22).
In response the remote viewer drew a sphere mounted
on a stand,
but did not
cognize the map aspect.
He also shows
the roof
line,
but this
cannot
be taken as evidential
since
it
was known that
the
target was
to be on the roof
Approved For Release 2000/08/08
: CIA-RDP96-00789R003200200001-4
Approved For Release 2000/08/08
: CIA-RDP96-00789R003200200001-4
An orientation program for CRV has been designed at
SRI, and
is being applied with success with RVers inexperienced in CRV.
The
details are
as follows.
(U)
A target pool of more than 100 geographical sites from around
the globe has been prepared and is being continually expanded.
The loca-
tions are chosen to embody some particular well-defined characteristic
(e.g.,
mountains,
oceans,
deserts,
lakes,
cities,
islands,
rivers).
The
j|C
coordinates of these
locations,
obtained from standard reference atlases,
are each written on one side of
a 3-by-5-inch file
card, on the other side
of which
is a descriptor
(e.g.,
Mt.
Hekla volcano, "Ice land)
, along with
an atlas reference.
The
cards are then placed in envelopes,
coordinates
*
,«
facing
the
back, and randomized.
(U)
The CRV orientation procedure
is
as follows:
( 1 )
(2 )
V RVer and facilitator seat themselves at opposite^i^ds
5JPa table in a special environment,^ the former with
~
supply of paper and a pen,
(contents unknown) and the
a
the latter with target envelopes
reference atlases.
The CRVer
is instructed that
the facilitator will
begin the CRV process
by selecting an envelope and
reading aloud the target coordinates.
The CRVer is
to note down on paper any immediate impressions
(which
he may also express aloud)
and then, rather than
embellishing on his
first impressions,
to ask for
the coordinates
to be
read aloud again so that the
original process may be repeated,
etc., until
a coherent
picture
of the
site emerges.
*
(U)
The Times Atlas
of
the World , Hougton Mifflin Co.,
Boston,
1971.
People's Republic of China Atlas, U.S. Government Printing Office,
1971.
t
(U)
The
RV environment has
been optimized during testing on another
program to
be quiet, dimly lit,
and to provide a relatively homogeneous
monochrome visual field,
free
of strong features and peripheral clutter.
Approved For Release
Approved For Release 2000/08/08
: CIA-RDP96-00789R003200200001-4
(3) m Following these instructions, the facilitator
selects an envelope at random,
opens
it from the
rear so as to be exposed to the coordinates only,
m
and' then begins the process
described above.
(4) |H| After one or more repetitions of the
coordinates
' (each followed by a CRV response)
leads
to a
recognizable target characteristic,
the card is
turned over by the facilitator, and the atlas consulted
m
(if necessary)
in order to give feedback.
A line
is drawn on the CRVer's data sheet
to separate the
data thus generated from further data,
since up to
a
this point the data were generated in a double-blind
protocol and can be objectively evaluated
later as
a test
of target acquisition.
(5)
Having terminated the target acquisition "test"
phase
, feedback can now be given and/or further data
m
solicited.
The feedback given at
this
point
is non-
negative, ranging from "that's
the target," through
"near the target," to "you are at another target"
^
(giving the CRVer the benefit of the doubt).
The
facilitator then has the option of terminating the
viewing, asking for more detail
("there's something
m
ten miles north that should
be visible")
or restarting
the process when the viewer's
original description
did
not correspond
to the target
site.
In the latter
case
the facilitator
can,
of
course, guide or
cue the
CRVer into a correct response;
(a)
this
is acceptable
in the nontest part of the sequence,
(b)
this
can be
m
checked for by asking
for detail in the surrounding
region, and
(c)
this provides an opportunity to
investigate whether such cueing procedures
can be
useful^^M^BHHi^M
(e.g.,
guidin^theCRVer onto the target sitewlm^ues
m
"a,"
"b,"
...
"f," and then asking for
"g").
m
RVer 518 was exposed to this
protocol
,
a few targets
per sessio^
over a several-day period, resulting
in a data pool of 26 CRV target
viewings.
They were:
Salt Lake Desert,
Utah;
Lake Erie;
Chicago;
m
Mono Lake;
Aruba
Island;
Lake Okeechobee;
Yount's
Peak, Wyoming;
Pitcairn
Island;
Pike's
Peak;
Los Angeles;
Atlantic Ocean;
Rio de
Janeiro;
Kansas H
plains,
St.
Peter and Paul
Islands;
Randall Dam,
South Dakota;
Approved For Release 2000/08/08
: CIA-RDP96-00789R003200200001 -4
"
pprovea i-or Release 2000/08/08
: CIA-RDP96-00789R003200200001-4
Wm
Vftlls .
Munich;
Amazon River;
Midwestern
Lake Titicaca;
Cape May;
Hiagara Falla,
a
Sierra Blanca Mountain;
Oregon
plains;
Venezuelan Peninsula,
Sierra
Panama Canal;
Puerto Eloo.
a
five
in Which essentially
a
-muo first pilot session of five, in w
Following the firs
P
.
d out
remaining twenty-one were carrle
immediate feedback «
pr<)vided material that could be assessed
with delayed
the tareets into five groups
(mountains,
objectively.
target/response matrix
cities
islands /peninsulas )
,
the target/
flats, wa er,
probability of such an aligiunent occurr
ng
13 “S Sh0"\ n;
n bc calculated by the direct-count-of-per^tatlons
by chance alone cpn
0.0083.
the distribution of
method discussed earlier, an
e
Furthermore, beyond
,
is therefore statistically significant.
Furtherm
responses
is there!
resDonses were exceptionally
siWle stetistlCS
’
°ert
p
i
n
si
t
"
0n
V
"test" Phase.
In the final tri^m this
accurate during the
coordlnates were for Guayama in
series, for
.
„ flshing village on the southeast
Puerto Eico,
whioh u an entirely correct description
coast of a boat-shaped is a
,
He then drew an island , resembling
of the
locale at
the target coor
orientation sessions
„
to R1 oo in both shape and orientation.
* few
Puerto Ri
similar results.
were carried out with Viewers
105 and 292,
a
-S the first stage of
a multi-stage training
(u)
The above procedure
^ pedology centers around
procedure developed on another prog
•
^^ homogeneous
use of
a specially-designed
n oJ a unllorn , united
coloring to minimize environmental eve
^ ^ use o£
. strl ctly
monitor behavior role to minimize ““
ooordlnate presentation and
specified CEV procedure—^^ „ __ Aginative.,
quick-reaction response-a
^ „ 1B the process of being
overlays.
The effectiveness
of
thi
Approved For Release 2000/08/08
: CIA-RDP96-00789R003200200001-4
a*7
Approved For Release 2000/08/08
: CIA-^^96-0Q789Sp03200200001-4
Table
DISTRIBUTION OF CRV TARGET/RESPONSE MATCHINGS
(U)
Transcripts
Targets
Mountains
Flats
Water
Cities
Islands/
Peninsulas
Mountains
Flats
Water
Cities
Is lands /Peninsulas
(U)
confirmed with a number of remote viewers
in another program,
and the
results
to date indicate that a significant step forward in accuracy
and reliability has been made.
Approved For Release 2000/08/08
: CIA-RDPSkfe00789R003200200001-4
Approved For Release 20(
PP96-00789R003200200001 -4
VI
CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
(U)
In this report we have presented the results and assessments
of a one-year program for the optimization of remote viewing with
selected individuals.
To meet the objectives
of the program we have
familiarized these individuals with the SRI RV protocol;
pursued the
development of enhanced
levels of RV ability through exposure to several
different orientation/training strategies
,
and established screening
tests and procedures
for enlarging the population from which such in-
dividuals are selected.
Our principal observation in working with the
volunteers
is
that we have found
considerable
evidence for remote viewing
functioning among them.
In the basic local—site RV—familiarization task
(Phase-One study),
four of the six participants produces results that
*
were individually statistically significant
(p < 0.05),
rendering the
-5
series strongly significant as
a whole
(p = 4 X 10
,
or odds
of one in
25,000).
(An entire summary of program data
is shown in Table
5.)
A second observation from that study
is
that
in general,
there
is more variability from trial
to trial for a given viewer than there
is
between the viewers
themselves.
There are
no viewers
in the group who
have not shown some evidence for remote viewing
, even though some of
their individual series
may not have reached the
p < 0.05
level of
departure from chance expectation.
(U)
In fact, each of these four series exceeded this requirement by
more than an order of magnitude,
reaching significance at
the
p = 0.003
level or better.
Approved For Release 200Q/08m
CIA-RDP96-00789R003200200001 -4
Approved For Release 2000/08/08
: CIA^DP$0-
(t)O789RpO32OO
Nonsignificant
result.
Probability
of
obtaining
result
by
chance,
p
^
0.05
is
accepted
standard
threshold
for
labeling
a
result
significant,
that
is,
non-chance.
Clearly
significant,
but
difficult
to
obtain
precise
probability
value.
Approved For Release 200020^0^X1^0^^00789R00320020000 1-4
wKm
With regard to screening:
(1)
The individuals chosen to participate
in the program
were pre-screenedmHHHI from a population of
250 potential candidates, using broad personality
profile guidelines recommended by SRI, with final
selection determined on the basis
of interview by the
SRI project
leaders
(R.
T. and H.
P.).
The
fact that
the overall study was successful lends support to the
effectiveness of this initial screening-by-profile
procedure
.
(2)
The details of the results of the program indicate that
a half dozen local-site RV trials may constitute a
meaningful screening-by-performance procedure to
separate the more reliable from the
less reliable
viewers.
In order for screening-by-performance to be
successful,
it
is necessary that
the performance of
\
a viewer be relatively consistent.
We find that those
individuals who were the most successful in the Phase-
One trials, were also the most successful in Phase-Two,
even though different remote viewing tasks were pursued.
Of
the four successful viewers in Phase-One,
two produced
significant results and one near-significant
(the fourth
was
not available for the Phase-Two study).
The two
viewers from Phase-One that were
least successful
there
(not reaching significance) again did not reach signifi-
cance in Phase-Two.
Although the sample is too small
to
be definitive,
it appears that the Phase-One local-
site RV series itself offers evidence of constituting a
‘
useful screening-by-performance procedure.
The data indicating that
a viewer
can describe an individual
slide as
it
is shown on a screen shows that targeting on high-resolution
transient targets
(charts,
maps,
etc.)
is
not
out
of the question.
This,
coupled with our findings
that a viewer may be able to describe and identify
alphabet letters
is
a most encouraging development
, and one deserving
of
further work.
Extension of the RV process
to include high-resolution
material, especially with a reading ability, would constitute a significant
breakthrough
101
Approved For Release 2
Approved For Release 2000/08/08
: CIAz8DP96-00Z89R003200200001-4
Certain of the individual responses
in the FRV
(future remote
viewing) series, both with slides and with local sites
as targets,
a
appeared to give striking evidence of contact with the target.
However,
the trial-to-trial reliability was
low and no series reached statistical
significance.
Therefore, although individual results were encouraging,
no definitive statement
can be made on the basis of this short study.
Given its obvious applications
potential,
should its existence be capable
of unambiguous verification, we consider it a high-priority item for
a
further exploration.
In the extended remote viewing
(ERV)
trials
a viewer was able
in each trial of
the series to identify significant elements
of an object
locations
In these experiments
the remote viewer worked alone over
extended periods
of time
(up to three hours )
.
At
a minimum,
the good
*
results
indicate that the RV process
is
not so fragile that
it
must
be
carried out under rigidly-specified conditions,
since in this case an
alternative
style was
in use and the results
continued to be reliable.
Further work would be required,
however, before a definitive comparison
of
RV and ERV could be made
I Finally,
the encouraging results obtained
in the CRV
(coordinate
remote viewing) trials
indicates
that comparable accuracy and reliability"
can be expected from experienced viewers targeting either on the basis
of
a beacon person at
the
target,
or on the
basis
of geographical latitude
"
and longitude alone.
As
a by-product
of
the CRV study, which involved
m
the use of special procedures being developed in another program for
reliability enhancement,
the high-quality output provided additional
confirmation as
to
the effectiveness of certain new approaches being
taken with regard to monitor/viewer interaction and control of the RV
environment
Approved For Release 2000/08/08
: CIA-RQ!j*96-00789R003200200001-4
Approved For Release 20Q
P96-00789R003200200001 -4
To take advantage of
the most recent developments in remote
viewing, and to achieve the goal of continuing to develop remote viewing
.we
recommend further
of capabilities
in the following areas:
•
Applications of Remote Viewing .
A training procedure has
been developed that appeares
to greatly increase both the
accuracy and reliability of remote viewing by coordinates.
This technique should continue to
nterest
•
Effects of Feedback .
An extensive examination should be made
of the necessity for providing feedback in remote viewing
trials,
A systematic variation in the presence or absence
of feedback should be used to determine the importance
of
this
factor.
•
Target Demarcation .
Coordinate remote viewing experiments
should be carried out
in which the target
is demarcated by
various types of coordinates
(e.g., geographic,
and arbitrary)
.
This should be done in order to
discover the part played by the target coordinate in
determining remote viewing accuracy.
•
Audio Analysis
.
In an effort
to separate correct from
incorrect data available from taped subject descriptions
of remote viewing target sites
,
the use of speech and
audio analysis techniques should be investigated as a tool
to provide selective editing.
This should include semantic
analysis,
in which analysis
of written transcripts are
carried out
to look for variations
in grammar,
style,
or
vocabulary to help separate correct from incorrect statements
in the RV transcript.
means
of
be examined, and applied
Tracking .
Further effort should be pursued to perfect the
RV process whereby,
instead of demarcating a location to
obtain a target description,
one
provides a target description
asks for
location
SRI has under development certain
strategies
involving FRV feedback,
computer averaging
of
multiple trials, and so forth, which appear from pilot
efforts to hold promise.
•
Spatial Resolution .
A study should be carried out to
determine the extent to which
it
is possible
to aid
Approved For Release 20QQ/08J!Qft
: CIA-RDP96-00789R003200200001-4
Approved For Release 2000/08/08
: CIA-KQP96-00789R003200200001-4
mm
viewers in learning to read hidden and distant printed
material that
is blocked from ordinary perception.
*
Temporal Resolution .
An ERV effort should be pursued
to determine the accuracy of remote viewing as
a function
of time for future targets
.
*
ELF Experiments .
Since one of the prevalent hypotheses
for paranormal perception requires the use of an ELF
electromagnetic carrier, we suggest carrying out
definitive experiments jto examine this hypothesis
by using ELF generators as beacons), and to
provide analyses correlating data from our past data
base with the daily record of geophysical parameters
known to affect ELF propagation.
*
Theoretical Studies
.
Modern physics offers several
mathematical descriptions of reality that may also
prove
to be testable descriptions of paranormal
perception in general, and remote viewing in particular.
We recommend work with leading physicists who have
agreed to consult for SRI on these theoretical problems,
in an effort to develop a physical understanding of
the
phenomena we observe in the laboratory and in the field,
and to apply this knowledge to improve remote viewing
functioning.
Technica l Meetings
.
SRI proposes
to host private quarterly
^°"^®^®*^e^t^brii^togetherselected U.S.
scientists
are concerned
the
technical issues in psychoenergetic research.
Successful Pursuit of the above priority items
could be expected
to result in an increased reliability and breadth of utility of the RV
Approved For Release 2000/08/08
: CIA-RDP96-00789R003200200001-4
nmfmnn
nr
200200001-4
Fins! Report
Covering the Period October 1980 to September
1981
February
1982
RV RELIABILITY, ENHANCEMENT, AND
EVALUATION
(U)
Wed For Release 2000/08/08
: CIA-RDP96-00789R003200200001-4
"'temational t
sone Approved For Release *soofgbliiammaemgr°*-co7eorcoszcoz;coo%-s CONTENTS LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS . . - © + © © © © © © se ee LIST OF TABLES. ...-+ ++ **e# © © # # #© © @ #8 8 I OBJECTIVE. . «+ + «© © © © © @ © © © © eH 8 II INTRODUCTION . .-- + © e+ © © © © © #8 8 8 III RV ENHANCEMENT TASK. «. - - 6+ + © © © © © © 8 8 8 IV oo AO WP} Tasking ..-+ ++ +e ee ee ee ee 8 oe Coordinate RV (CRV) . .. « « «© «+ © 8 © + Overview of the RV Enhancement Procedure. . Transfer of RV Enhancement Technology . .- - ‘Summary of the RV Enhancement Technique . RV TASKS 2. ee ee ee es EE. ®t 513°. tee eee RV Session Format . 4. 2. © «© + © © © # e 8 ¢ Pre- and Pos t gi: si Calibration. FY 1981 a Sites... -. ee: PRY Evaluation of cho RV Task Vv SUMMARY OF THE FY 1981 RV ENHANCEMENT TASK . Appendices Approved For Release a. REPRESENTATIVE SAMPLE OF CRV PRACTICE SITES es: SUMMARY SHEETS . .. .- AN EXAMPLE OF A REMOTE VIEWING RESPONSE . i RV EVALUATION PROTOCOLS ... . A SAMPLE RETURNED EVALUATION PROTOCOL . . - ll 13 15 15 15 15 16 20 21 23 27 93 61 69 Sh oe Oo R005 200200001 -4
Approved For Release 2000/j
6-00789R003200200001 -4
ILLUSTRATIONS
RV Enhancement Program
Schematic Representation of Remote Viewer Response to CRV
Situation
Stage
3 Remote Viewing
(Wotje Atoll)
Presession Calibration Trial
(Mount Kilimanjaro)
(a)
Site,
(b)
RV Response
Postsession Calibration Trial
(Canyonlands
National
Park)
(a)
Site,
(b)
RV Response
TABLES
Stages
in Remote Viewing
Remote Viewing Tasks
(FY
1981)
06/08/08
:VCIA-R[
Approved For Release 20
96-00789R003200200001 -4
Approved For Release 2000/Q
6-00789R003200200001 -4
II
INTRODUCTION
SRI
International
is tasked with assessing the potential
of
RV for
(applications.*
In this
task,
as defined for fiscal
years
^FYML98TThrough 1983, special emphasis
is placed on the possibility that
enhancement techniques
can be developed that will significantly increase
levels of accuracy and reliability.
The three-year effort
focuses on
(1)
the development of techniques
to
enhance the accuracy and reliability of
RV,
(2) the application of RV^
^
,
(3 )
the evaluation of such techniques and applications,
P0|
The apportionment
of these efforts over the three-year period
is
shown in Figure
1.
investigation of the RV phenomenon at
SRI
International over the
past
decade has ranged from basic research for proof or
the lack of proof
of
the existence of the phenomenon to
applications in which the
existence of the phenomenon
is assumed.
The present study emphasizing
applicability is the
latter type-proof of
the phenomenon is
not explicitly
pursued here.
Some pragmatic measure of demonstration of existence
is
provided,
however,
by assessment
of
the quality of results obtained in
tests
carried out under double-blind conditions.
In this report we discuss
the effort for FY’81.
This effort
con-
sisted
of:
RV
is
the acquisition and description,
by mental means,
of information
blocked from ordinary perception by distance or shielding.
Approved For Release 2000/08/pil
: CI/S-RDP96-p0789R003200200001 -4
Approved For Release 2000/08/08
: CIA-RDP96-00789R003200200001 -4
EVALUATION
TASKING
DEVELOPMENT OF ENHANCEMENT TECHNIQUES
1982
FISCAL YEAR
FIGURE
(U)
RV ENHANCEMENT PROGRAM
Approved For Release 2000/08/08
: CIA-R0P96-Ot)789ROO32OO2OOOO1-4
Approved For Release 2000/1
6-00789R003200200001 -4
(1)
The development of
a six-stage RV training procedure,
which we hypothesized would
lead to improved RV
performance
.
(2)
The beginning of orientation/application/testi ng
of the procedure with four experienced and one
novice remote viewer.
(3)
The generation of data by the experienced remote
(4)
The development of a first-generation series of
evaluation sheets
(and an associated computerized
data-base management system) for use by analysts
in providing numerical estimates
of various aspects
of the RV product
.
Approved For Release 2000//
9S-00789R003200200001 -4
Approved For Release 2000/0mm
C-00789R003200200001 -4
III
RV ENHANCEMENT TASK
A.
Tasking
SRI
International is tasked with working toward the development
of
procedures
particular interest are the development of procedures that
can
be transmitted
to others in a structured fashion
(i.e.
f
"training" procedures),
and
that
can be used in targeting on distant sites
B.
Coordinate RV
(CRV)
One targeting procedure, which we have been investigating at
SRI
*
since
1972,
is an abstract procedure known as
"coordinate remote viewing
(CRV)."
In this procedure,
the target site coordinates
(latitude and
^
longitude in degrees, minutes, and seconds) are given
(with no further
information)
to
the individual who
is
to view the site.
The remote viewer
j|(
is then asked simply to proceed on the basis
of the
coordinates
alone.
*
Admittedly,
such an abstract targeting procedure seems without
basis,
at
least with regard to the present scientific paradigm.
As
a
result
we can make
no claim for the technique other than
the purely pragmatic
a
one
that
it appears
to work.
It
can only be pointed out
that
the possi-
bility of success
in such a protocol
is
in accord with an observed "goal-
oriented" nature of
the
laws
that appear to govern such functioning.
IB
An investigation into the general problem of target acquisition has been
carried out and reported in
R.
Targ,
H.
Puthof f
,
B.
Humphrey,
and
C.
Tart,
"Investigations
of Target Acquisition," Research in Parapsychology
,
*sj
1979
(Scarecrow Press,
Inc., Metuchen,
N.J.,
1980).
-Hi
Approved For Release 2000A
-00789R003200200001 -4
Approved For Release 2000/08/!
-00789R003200200001 -4
C.
Overview of
the RV Enhancement
Procedure
Specifically under investigation at
the present time
is an RV
enhancement procedure developed by
I.
Swann,
an SRI
consultant.
The
procedure focuses on improving reliability of remote viewing by controlling
those factors that tend to introduce noise into the RV product.
Following
is
a summary overview of
the Swann CRV procedure.
A detailed historical
and technical summary is being prepared as
a separate technical report.
Two major sources of noise have been found:
(1)
noise caused by
factors
in the environment
of the remote viewer,
and
(2)
noise arising
within the viewer as
a result of cognitive processes
(analysis/
interpretation)
.
Noise from the eavironment
, peripheral visual clutter or sounds
in
the environment
(even subliminal)
can
intrude on perceptual and thought
processes and degrade
the RV response.
Actions
or statements
by the
session monitor can similarly distract
the remote viewer.
Internally generated"
noise seems
to
be produced in the remote
viewer himself.
With the application of
a
"stimulus"
(e.g.,
the reading
of a coordinate)
a momentary burst of "signal" appears
to enter into
awareness
for a few seconds and then fade away.
At
this
point memory
and imagination appear
to fill
in the void,
thus producing "noise"
in
the RV product.
This effect
is
presumably produced
by a
need to resolve
the ambiguity associated with the fragmentary nature of emerging
percep-
tions.
(This relationship
is schematically diagrammed
in Figure 2.)
To
prevent this effect disciplined rejection of premature interpretations
and conclusions
is
necessary.
Hie techniques designed
to handle these noise problems
involve
(1) repeated coordinate presentation and quick-reaction response on the
part
of
the remote
viewer
to minimize the imaginative overlays,
(2)
the
use of a specially designed, acoustic-tiled
,
featureless
room with
Approved For Release 2000/08/08 :£CIA-RDP96-00789R003200200001-4
Approved For Release 20
p.
DP96-00789R003200200001 -4
II
INTRODUCTION
A.
Statement of Problem
During a typical RV session,
the subject produces a wealth of spoken
material,
but only some of this material relates to the chosen target.
Unfortunately it
is
difficult to identify the target-related material
without a priori knowledge of which times the subject was engaged in
accurate
RV.
The question posed in this study was whether
it
is possible
^
to use audio analysis techniques
to determine when a subject
is accurately
describing the intended target.
B.
Possible Solution
Careful
listening to tapes of sessions with a single subject suggests
that some target-related material was uttered in a different tone of voice
than other material
<e.g.,
conversation with the monitor).
For this subject,
accurate remote viewing appears associated with certain changes in speech
behavior,
including speaking more softly,
more slowly,
longer pauses, and
with a dream-like quality.
In general,
if « subject were to exhibit
a particular set of speech
changes whenever target-related material was being produced,
the analyst
could use these speech changes
to separate the related from the unrelated
material without knowledge of the
target.
We explored the relationship
between changes
in speech behavior and the accuracy of target descriptions
in this study.
Approved For Release 2000/0/mm
-00789R003200200001 -4
_ proved For Release 2000/08/08 : = Final Report December 1982 @ Covering the Period October 1981 to September 1982 | - RV RELIABILITY, ENHANCEMENT, AND } 18) -. . EVALUATION (U) Tbe pproved For Release 2000/08/08 : CIA-RDP96-00789R003200200001 -4 LG