} va yTuesday September 22, 1992 Published by Title: MARSHAL SHAPOSHNIKOV ON ISSUES OF COLLECTIVE SECURITY Primary Source: ‘Kazakhstanskaya pravda, June 27, 1992, No. 147-148 (21072-21073), p. 4, cols, 2-6 Extract: Marshal of Aviation Yevgeniy Sha- poshnikov, Commander-in-Chief of the Com- monwealth's Joint Armed Forces, answers Kazakhstanskaya Pravda's questions. "How do you assess the present and future of the CIS Joint Armed Forces (OVS) 2?" "I think the future of the CIS Joint Armed Forces is good. The Tashkent Collec- tive Security Treaty, signed by six states so far, but open in nature, essentially opens up the prospect for transformation of the collective security system into a mili- tary-political alliance. "And it's not a question of someone's desire or non-desire to decide defense is- sues jointly, although today this does sometimes have the strongest influence now. The need to integrate defense efforts, like economic, political, scientific-technical, and others, is objective. Suffice it to point out NATO, for example. "The advantages of such integration are obvious. They are especially great for the CIS states. Here, like nowhere else in the world, an effective system of military- economic, military-strategic relations and a unique unified military infrastructure have been created over many decades. And not to use it would be ungovernmental, un- wise. This is a base for a reliable system of collective security. And the function of such a system is in the radical, vital interests of the peoples of the Common- wealth, "Also important is the fact that the efforts of the CIS states to create and strengthen the collective security system reinforces internal and international sta- bility, and creates guarantees in the en- Approved For Release 2000/08/09 Soviet News Abstracts Publication FOREIGN AEROSPACE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY CENTER tire world's eyes of the Commonwealth's fulfillment of its obligations in the area of arms reduction and disarmament, and most of all the preservation of a unified com- mand structure and unified monitoring of nuclear weapons." "You spoke of a unified command struc- ture and unified monitoring of nuclear weapons. Are these functions of the OVS main command?" "Yes, this is one of its most impor- tant functions. As you know, the opera- tional subordinates of the OVS main command include the strategic forces, including strategic missile troops, naval and air- borne strategic nuclear forces, antimissile and space defense troops, nuclear technical units, space assets and strategic recon- naissance, and their Supporting troops. They perform missions in the interests of all the Commonwealth states." (A photograph of Ye. Shaposhnikov is iven. {SNAP 920922) * * * * Author: dent Title: CIS DEFENSE MINISTERS DISCUSS MILI- TARY ISSUES; UKRAINE'S NUCLEAR POLICY CRIT- SAPS IVE TT URE ICIZED Primary Source: Krasnaya Zvezda, July 4, 1992, No. 148-149 (20835-20836), p. 1, cols. 1-2 Falichev, 0., Colonel, correspon- Entire Text: As planned, a conference of the Council of Ministers of Defense of the Commonwealth of Independent States began in the Main Headquarters of the CIS Joint Armed Forces tovs) at 10 a.m. [on July 4]. The opening speaker was Marshal of Aviation Ye. Shaposhnikov, Commander-in-Chief of the CIS OVS. The conference agenda included the following items: The Air Defense System; : CIA-RDP96-00792R000600040004-4
Approved For Release 2000/08/09 3 Equipment of Missile Attack Warning and Space Monitoring Systems; Refining the Com- position of the Strategic Forces; the Col- lective Security Council; Organization of the Activity of the Commander-in-Chief of the CIS OVS; Foundations of CIS Military Policy and Nuclear Strategy; Results of the Work of Heads of Personnel Agencies; and others. General-Colonel Boris Pyankov, Deputy Commander-in-Chief of the CIS OVS, told journalists at the end of the conference of the Council of Ministers of Defense of the CIS that all documents scheduled for review were approved today with minor corrections. The only point of disagreement was the sta- tus and form of control of the strategic forces deployed on Ukrainian territory. Boris Pyankov sharply criticized the Ukrainian position on the matter. "We have proposed today," he said, "to remove the nuclear warheads from the strategic mis- Siles deployed there or to remove the maps of their mission assignments from their onboard computers. This would turn the missiles into fuel canisters. And the question of Ukraine as a nuclear power would no longer come up. But the Ukrai- nians reject the possibility of such steps and continue to maneuver. Ukraine's un- willingness to transfer the Strategic Nu- clear Forces to the full control of Russia and the OVS Main Command is provoking ob- jections on the part of Kazakhstan and Be- larus as well, which had already undertaken that step." (SNAP 920922) * x * * Author: Lukanin, M., Captain 2nd Rank Title: PROBLEMS OF ACCURATE MAPPING OF EARTH'S SURFACE FROM SPACE Primary Source: Krasnaya zvezda, July 4, 1992, No. 148-149 (20835-20836), p. 4, cols, 1-4 Extract: In my hands I hold the recently published Atlas of Venus, which can well be termed a major achievement of domestic car- tography, and I admit a Strange feeling. Will we soon see an Atlas of the CIS, and if so, what is our Commonwealth from the standpoint of political geography? How Will it look on maps? 2 Approved For Release 2000/08/09 : reality, gathering territories. capabilities are not limitless. bit, it's very difficult to corresponding to these scales. relief data, for example, it's impossible to program a cruise missile's mission." trol Center has some kind unique globe." kind globe, make, three dimensions, " All the apparatus that Author: respondent (interviewer) Title: TROOPS DISCUSSES TASKS, ORGANIZATION eh ee ENS EAE SIV eee : CIA-RDP96-00792R000600040004-4 It was just such initial questions that I took to Nikolay Makarenko, director of the Central Scientific Research Insti- tute of Geodesy, Cartography imeni Aerial Photography and Krasovskiy. "You ask what's simpler," he answered. "Today, it's easier to give a scientific description of other planets than of the former one-sixth of the Earth's land area. Right mer USSR, even republications of old polit- now, due to the division of the for- ical maps of the world have been halted. “Active surveillance from Space is a one of the most effective means of information about inaccessible However, even satellites’ From or- display relief And without "I've heard that the Space Flight Con- of completely "Yes, they do have a rare one-of-a- which took nearly a year to It displays the Earth's relief in "And do you often have occasion to produce, shall we say, special editions?" "It depends what you mean by that. we develop is unique in its own way. It is designed for preci- sion linear measurements, determination of the force of gravity at various points on the Earth, strains in the Earth's crust, sea-bottom research, and for example, is a fact. aerial photography is done in using only domestic equipment. we are competitive on the most demanding world market, we have the greatest authori- ties here, of whom the greatest is Profes- sor M. M. Rusinov, research director of our optics laboratory in Saint Petersburg." so forth. That, Mass industrial our country In optics, (A photograph of N. L. Makarenko is given.) (SNAP 920922) * * * * Trubitsyn, Aleksey, Major, cor- DIRECTOR OF UKRAINIAN ENGINEERING CIA-RDP96-00792R000600040004-4
a Approved For Release 2000/08/09 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000600040004-4 - Primary Source: Narodnaya armiya, July 2, 1982, No. 119 (172), p. 1, cols. 6-8; p. 2, cols. 1-4 Extract: Vladimir Dmitriyevich Bezrodnyy is director of the Engineering Troops Di- rectorate of the Ukrainian Armed Forces' Main Headquarters. V. D. Bezrodnyy worked for several years as senior officer of the operational intelligence department of En- gineering Troop Headquarters of the USSR Ministry of Defense. From that post, he entered the Military Academy of the USSR Armed Forces General Staff. After graduat- ing from the academy, he was chief of staff and first deputy director of engineering troops for the Caspian Military District. From 1983 to 1986, he worked as a military adviser in Vietnam under the commander of engineering troops for the People's Army. After that, he headed engineering troops in the Transbaykal Military District. His last post was first deputy director of en- gineering troops of the USSR Ministry of Defense. "Vladimir Dmitriyevich, tel] us about the strategy and tactics of the Ukrainian Armed Forces engineering troops and the concept of their use in connection with our state's defense policy." "We provide the Armed Forces with all military engineering equipment, engineering munitions, and electrical equipment, and perform power management. All this is in addition to battle training, instruction and service. "The defensive nature of our military policy assigns the engineering troops the task of engineering support for cover of the national borders under combat condi- tions (laying mine fields, erecting forti- fication equipment, etc., as well as sup- porting the troops' movement to their des- ignated areas of operation). The main thing here is for engineering troops to have the needed numbers and quantity of equipment in peacetime to accomplish their assigned tasks. "This creates a great problem of re- viewing the present structure of the en- gineering troops based on their assigned purpose. I favor giving each engineering unit the needed forces and means for quali- ty accomplishment of the tasks facing it. And that's why I think it's abnormal when, 3 say, three battalions in an engineering brigade have nearly full complements, while two are depleted. Deploying the latter will take both time and people, who are taken from fully staffed units, weakening their battle readiness. "In other words, the engineering troops should have two types of units: mobile, fully staffed, capable as is of performing their assignment for engineering cover of the national borders, participat- ing in accident cleanup and disaster re- lief, and supporting the viability of the Ukrainian Armed Forces, and {on the other hand] centers where mobile resources can be deployed in case of war within specified periods. "One other important task we face is clearing land of explosive objects. Today, we have about 140 groups working in Ukraine, who have disarmed nearly 13,000 live rounds in the last six months." (A photograph of V. D. Bezrodnyy is iven.) (SNAP 920922) * * * * Author: Felgengauer, Pavel Title: POPULATION, INSTITUTES AND 'PROD- UCTS" OF RUSSIA'S CLOSED NUCLEAR CITIES Primary Source: Nezavisimaya gazeta, June 30, 1992, No. 122 (293), p. 5, cols. 1-8 Extract: Russia has only ten closed nucle- ar cities, and they are all subordinate to the Atomic Energy Ministry (formerly Medium Machine Building) . The total number of residents, in the opinion of current Minis- ter of Atomic Energy Viktor Mikhaylov, is about 700,000; in the opinion of the chair- man of the Arzamas-16 City Council, it's about 900,000. The unofficial capital of the nuclear archipelago is Arzamas-16. Arzamas-16 is a pure department city. Appropriately, the most important man in the city is the director of All-Union Sci- entific Research Institute of Experimental Physics (VNIIEF) (currently Vladimir Belu- gin). Of 81,000 residents, about 24,000 work at VNIIEF, which was just recently renamed the "Russian Nuclear Center." But no more than a third of the employees are actually engaged in scientific or R&D work. The remainder either have absolutely no Approved For Release 2000/08/09 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000600040004-4
Approved For Release 2000/08/09 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000600040004-4 «relationship to the development of new nu- Clear warheads (municipal transportation, kindergartens, and much more belong to the institute and are served by its ‘emp loy- ees'), or work in an experimental plant that belongs to the institute or in other purely technical positions. However, in the opinion of the leading developers, no more than 200 of the best theoretical physicists, who have managed over their years of work to become fairly diversified specialists, plus about 200 of the leading research designers, know the entire nuclear weapon development process and actually could, if they wished, aid the proliferation of nuclear weapons outside Russia's borders, Besides Arzamas-16, nuclear warheads are also constructed at Chelyabinsk-70, home of the All-Union Scientific Research Institute of Theoretical Physics (VNIITF) (Chelyabinsk-70 has a population of 40,000, 15,000 of whom work at the institute. The director is Vladimir Nechay, and the re- search director is Yevgeniy Avrorin). Arzamas-16, the aboriginal city of the nuclear archipelago, is the most diversi- fied of the closed cities: scientific re- search (some of it totally ‘open') is per- formed there, serially produced and experi- mental warheads, as well as some other ‘products’ are assembled, and there is (as they say) even one (at least) nuclear reac- tor. The other nuclear cities are special- ized industrial centers that together form a complete cycle of nuclear production. Warhead assembly was once specially split among various regions, to make it harder for the Americans to cover it all at once with several missiles. Zlatoust-36, Sverd- lovsk-45, Arzamas-16, and Penza-19 (the smallest, the newest, and until recently one of the most secret cities of the archi- pelago). Besides an instrument factory, Penza-19 contains a Scientific Research and Design Institute for Radio and Electronic Equipment (NIKIRET), but as the name sug- gests, it also solves largely practical problems, unlike the theoretical VNIIEF and VNIITF. Nevertheless, many cities have branches of the leading institutes. Now, of 13 plutonium reactors, only four remain operational today: one in Tomsk-7 and three in the underground Kras- noyarsk-26. 4 At the same time, the Ministry of Atomic Energy has proposed using the major- ity of the $400 million allocated by the U.S. Congress to aid the CIS to dismantle nuclear weapons and create a reliable stor- age facility for the plutonium that would be freed from the disassembled warheads. Incidentally, the most likely site of the storage facility is Krasnoyarsk-26. This year, two more underground reac- tors in Krasnoyarsk-26 are to be shut down, but the last underground reactor in that marvelous city will probably still be oper- ated for a long time, since in addition to plutonium, it also produces heat and elec- tricity for Krasnoyarsk-26 (the world's only underground nuclear power plant). (A photograph of V. Belugin is given.) (SNAP 920922) * * * * Author: Yakimets, Vladimir, of the Russian Academy of Sciences’ Institute for Systems Analysis Title: QUESTIONS ABOUT CLEAN-UP OF NUCLEAR INDUSTRIAL SITES, STORAGE OF NUCLEAR WASTES Primary Source: WNezavisimaya gazeta, July 2, 1992, No. 124 (295), p. 4, cols. 1-4 Abstract: The author discusses steps being taken to improve nuclear safety and envi- ronmental protection. He states that, while a U.S. program to restore the envi- ronment and modernize the military-indus- trial complex is expected to cost about 150 billion dollars over a period of 30 years, Russian nuclear experts have proposed the allocation of over 3 billion rubles (less than 30 million dollars) between now and 2010 for the improvement of personnel safe- ty, environmental protection and disposal of radioactive wastes. The author believes enterprises in the Russian military-indus- trial complex to be no less contaminated than their American counterparts, and doubts that these funds are sufficient to clean them up. He suggests that resources that are now being expended for testing be redirected to these purposes. The author also expresses doubt as to whether Arzamas-16 and Chelyabinsk-70, which have taken on the problem of disman- tling the warheads being eliminated in the CIS, possess modern facilities for storing Approved For Release 2000/08/09 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000600040004-4