Approved For Release 2000/08/08 : CIA-RDP96-00789R003100280001-7 Contents TT VOLUME 23 _ NUMBER 10 1986 . a GES RADIOELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATICNS: SYSTEMS aus Aen ISH SPECIAL ISSUE MICROWAVE ELECTRONIC DEVICES Zdictor's foreward. T. V. Lepedev...-eseee Seu w ence rete ee newer sereenens 3 1 Ztological action of Low intensity millimeter band radiation. . 5. %. Betsxit and A. VY. Putvinskii....... er 4, =z Sintlarisies osetween living organisms and certain microwave devices. M, 3. Golant and T. B. Rebrova.--.+-> eee eeee ence eeeeee ecw eee ee aene Lo a ‘lodeling of nonlinear problems in semiconductor microwave electronics. . Yu. DU. KNOCUNTSEV..- cece ee eetr reese eee v ew eevesseeeeneceanernsesnes 20 16 fain trends in the modeling 0 submicrometer metal Schottky gate fleld- effect transistors (a review). G. v. Petrov and A. I. Tolstol.... 2 23 Design elements and efficiency of the oscillating systems of solid state microwave oscillators. S. A. Zinchenko and E. A. Machusskil....->+ 43 36 Frequency dependence of the modulation sensitivity of Gunn oscillators. V. N. Dubrovskii and A. 5. KAPASEVe cece sree cc ereerererccereeser eee? 50 43 Calculations of diode operation in 2 high-power upconverter. Yu. G. Tityukov and V. A. YakOVenkKO.. sce cece cee ccccrecrecerrcerre 55 4g cudy of the methods of solution of a gelf-congruent problem in Q-type devices with 2 periodic structure. A. V. Osin, V. V- Podshivalov, _and VY. A. SOLNESEVe cece cece eres ceeececseneesseareeress esses ars ott oe 61 55 Power summation algorithm used for study of vacuum tubes with prolonged ° interaction. Yu. L. Bobrovskii and S. R&R. Taremoskii oserereereers 66 60 4 multiperiod numeric model of a ecrossed-field amplifier. A. A. Terenttev, E. M. Tl'in,. and V. B. Badburin..---+s-serrerrcrrre 72 66 “neonventional uses of retarding systems. Yu. N. Pohel'nLkov..+eseeess 79 72 Brief Communications Tumeria modeling of microwave limiter diode. N. I. Filatov and A. S. ShnitnLkov... sees eecercers ena veeeeee cena rere wmeceeeeseenne 84 76 Optimization of the energy characteristics of varactor microwave mixers. A. E. Ryzhkov and I. E. Chechik....- ewe c ee wnceeecesaaeeeescacenees - 86 80 optimization of phase and amplitude-frequency characteristics of a microwave semiconductor amplifier. vy. I. Kaganov and ; 3S. M. ZAMUPUSVe wee e eee eee eee rset starts ewe ec tee eee reeneerees 90 84 ZPftatency of marehing aireuits in solid state microwave oscillators. EB. A. Machusskil..... oeosoone ooo ewn eo ov eee eoeenene eoresereeoverrersererer® 9Je 88 Solid state waveguide phase shifter with a resonant grating as 4 control : glement. A. S. Petrov, V. V. Povarov, andl. V. Lebedev...-scecee » oh 90 Autnorization ta on ADD kaved.Fa br Release POOR CLAEROHOG-O RES ‘ 563700280001 -7 for Woraries and other users registered with the Copyrignt Clearance $20.00 per copy ts gaid directty to CCS, 23 Congress St., Saiem, MA 01970, 0738—2727/86 $20.0
SEs eee Approved For Release 2000/08/08 : CIA-RDP96-00789R003100280001-7 EDITOR'S FOREWARD - | I. V. Lebedey ; Izvestiya VUZ. Radioelektronika, | Vol. 29, No. 10, np. 3, 1986° al issue of the journal, dedicated to microwave electronics, open with two z eke, This spect: articles discussing the biological effects of radiations in the millimeter band. Studies 2n this field in she USSR and abroad nave for 4 number or vears attracted the interest of diverse snecialists - ohysicists, developers of vacuum and. solid-state microwave devices, biologists, and medical scientists. The data and the: possible explanations offered in tnese papers (some of which may be debatable) will promote further progress in this vital area, which stretches far bevond the conventional framework of. electronics. Te ne rr ee a . AS usual, much attention in this issue is given to solid-state microwave devices. one of She veview articles discusses the general aspects of computer simulation of non- zinear oroblens of semiconductor microwave electronics; another review deals with the ecur- rent prooiems in modeling of submicronic field-effect transistors..,.In this connection, one should emphasize the contribution likely to be made in this area by larme-scale ap- plications of personal computers, as well as big mainframes, so’as to hasten the creation and improvement of new solid-state microwave devices... 32h tee? gt ee * mds Sat i ae et Some of the articles and communications describe the curre the power of solid-state microwave devices and units. -:There,is.a paper presenting non- linear analysis of a semiconductor delimiter - one of the less studied types of solid- .~ State microwave devices. Among other results published is research connected with the de- velopment of various types of solid-state oscillators, -amplifiers,:tonverters, and control units. The dramatic advances we are currently witnessing in microwave .transistors, es- pecialiyv fteld-effect transistors, and their expansion. tnto-the-millimeter wave bands, offer a new perspective for the-creation of various radio engineering systems. -The in- verpenetration of the methods of microwave technology and superhigh-speed intesrated cir- cuits is further expanding the capabilities and applications of ,solid-state @lectronics. Lively research is under way also in the field o vacuum microwave electronics, and in particular, the development of effective methods of computer: analysis and synthesis, especially the specific problems in the development of O-type and M-type devices. One paper discusses the application of retardation systems in fields of engineering not im- mediately connected with electronic devices. The vast. store of :experience accumulated with microwave electronics can be productively utilized in other spheres of the econony. ee te we gee (Ape wet he ne : eh waa WR OS Some of the important trends of microwave electronics are not.cavered in the issue, especially the development of monolithic intesrated microwave devices and units, which offer broad opportunities for microminiaturization of microwave technolosy, raising the reliability and cost effectiveness of these products. . This ‘and ath areas of current im- portance will be covered in the future issues of the Journal. cue ayrc on a © 1986 by Allerton Prass, tne. SUMO, Le an Se L ¢ i Approved For Release 2000/08/08 : CIA-RDP96-00789R003100280001-7
Approved For Release 2000/08/08 : CIA-RDP96-00789R003100280001-7 SIMILARITIES BETWEEN LIVING ORGANISHS MID CERTAIN MICROWAVE DEVICES M. B. Golant and T. B. Rebrova Izvestiya VUZ. Radioelektronika, Vol. 29, No. 10, pp. 10-19, 1986 UDC 538.56:57:621.385.6 Vital functions of live organisms are discussed on the basis of published ex- perimental data concerning the effects of lower-power millimeter-band electro- magnetic waves on these organisms. Analogies with operation of microwave de- vices are drawn. - In [1] the possibility was discussed of applying the concepts of radiocelectronics and cybernetics to medical and biological problems. The study was concerned with the general aspects of organization of the control of complex systems, as they refer to utilization of low (nonthermal) power milliter-band waves of electromagnetic radiation (EMR) in order to mobilize forces in a live organism, to eliminate disbalances in its functioning, or to prepare the organism for future detrimental impacts. - Parallels between the EMR effects on live organisms [2] and general operation regu- larities of information systems have been drawn in [3,4]. These regularities, which de- termine the choice of the oscillation power and frequency, the requirements to oscillation stability, radiation site and time, etc. [5], proved important in the EMR uses for medical » treatments and in biotechnology. This universality is connected with the fact that the general patterns of operation of information systems apply to different organisms and ac- tions. Mechanisms triggered by control signals can differ substantially, depending on the information content of the signals and the nature of the objects. at which they are di- rected. Can an analogy with the organization principles of a microwave device be useful for understanding the operation of the informational processes in live organisms? We believe that it can, although such an analogy cannot be as complete as when one analyzes the gen- eral patterns of operation of information systems. Here one can - cautiously - compare the characteristics observed in experiments on live organisms with the characteristics of microwave devices and units. Ample experience accumulated after five decades of develop- ment of microwave technology can give clues to interpretation of the results. This possi- bility is extremely valuable because of the insurmountable obstacles faced by attempts at direct observations in this area. RESONANCE Ti CELL MEMBRANES Considerable biological effects in various parts of the body, often quite remote from the irradiated part of the body surface, can be produced by an infinitesimal EMR power. This observation initially suggested the possibility of some informational function per- formed by irradiation. What elements-in the body respond to signals of such a high fre- quency? Theoretical analysis of the experimental facts connected with the EMR effects in live organisms indicated early on that it is cells and cell elements, and especially membranes, that respond to EMR action [6]. The fact that a very low power was sufficient for an in- formational impact [NOTE. Simple estimatesbased onthe totalnumber ofcells in the human body (zo? — ot) and the general thermal output of the body (measured by hundreds of watts) show Chat mean power output of a cell is 0.5-5 pW; for bacteria, based on the ratio f an organism's volume to the mean volume of the human cell, this power is lower by a Pactor of 109, The density of the powsr flow absorbed by a cell during irradiation and sufficient for nroducing the biologics effect (see, é.5., [38,91), adjusting for absorp- © 1986 by Allerton Press, inc. 3 Approved For Release 2000/08/08 : CIA-RDP96-00789R003100280001-7
Approved For Release 2000/08/08 : CIA-RDP96-00789R003100280001-7 the environment, is not Larger than 3.1 of these quantities. Studies oF the in- sion effects produced oy impulse signals [10] suggest that the mean energy 2° the ex- tzgnal can be even lower, at least by an order of magnitude] suggested two alterne- a ither the cells, under certain biological conditions, exist in a state close to z nz threshold of signal generation or, even before the EMR action, such zenefation sakes place in the cells. In the former case, the generation of an information signal by the ceil is similar to signal amplification in a regenerating amplifier [6]; in the latter, the Sunection of the EMR is to synchronize signals generated by a large number of oscilia- sors £7]. In view of the instability of regenerating amplifiers, as contrasted against the stability and reliability of functioning of live organisms, the mechanism determined oy synchronization of a large number of oscillations appears more natural. As has been demonstrated in [11], 2 notion of such oscillators is provided by the fine structure of the spectra of EMR-induced effects (8,12,13] (Fig. 1), due to the possi- gility of inducing in lipid cell membranes acoustic waves or the whispering gallery (waves not radiated into the external environment because of the complete internal reflection). Data in [14] on the elastic modulus of distension of cell membranes Ka (K ~ 0.45 i/m) and the thickness 4, of their hydrophobic region (As x. 31079 mm) make it possible to estimate the velocity vz of acoustic waves traveling along the membrane 0 (Ke/pAy)™, (1)° wnere o is the density of the lipid (fatty) Layer, which for the evaluation can be set at 300 xe/m>, The value of vz computed with (1) is approximately 400 m/sec.- The membranes of cer- tain cells and subcellular elements are cylindrical [15,16]. If the oscillations are ex- gited along the perimeter of the side surface of the cylinders, their resonance condition will require that the parameter md (where d is the diameter of the cylinder) be equal to an integer N of the length of acoustic waves A . A= Vall (2) (where f 1s the oscillation frequency), Nwad/A, (3) f = N (Ki/pAu)"* (xa). (3') The frequency diversity Af of two neighboring resonances corresponds to a change of N by #1 and is equal to . [Af] me oy/nd 2 (K,/pAw) (ad). " (4) Cellular membranes are polarized, and each has a constant potential difference corre- sponding to a field intensity of the order of 107 V/m. The acoustic vibrations deforming the membrane, therefore, induce a variable electric field, forming an acoustic-electric wave. The spatial period of the variable component of the electric fleld is equal to the wavelength of acoustic oscillations determined by (2). For example, for &. colt, which nas the diameter of about 0.65 um [15], when the excitation is produced by wavelength in the free space of A = 6.5 mm (corresponding to f = 46,1 GHz), the wavelength in the mem- brane A will be approximately equal to 100 A. The electrical length N of the perimeter, according to (3), is close to 200. The variation AA of the wavelength in the free space or X} corresponding to Af, defined by (4), Ls AA # 3-107" mm. This practically coincides Ky 30 . 20 C5 52 654 658 638 Approved For Release 2000/08/08 : Ct&-RDP96-00789R003100280001-7