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SUMMARY AND CRITICAL EVALUATION
OE
RESEARCH IN REMOTE VIEWING
!M Ml**-
Ltfl
terk**t
&Y*
by
HARRY L.
SNYDER and ARLENE
G.
SNYDER
FINAL TECHNICAL REPORT
CONTRACT 77F 104420
1 JUNE 1979
I
(Part
1)
W^cmetriQ
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ABSTRACT
This report summarizes and critically evaluates all known,
published
and unpublished,
research in the United
States on "remote viewing."
Particular
attention
is given
to sources
of
inaccuracy,
inconsistency,
and misinterpretation
of
the obtained results.
Based upon these evaluations,
guidelines are suggested
for improvement of
the currently popular research protocol
to develop
an
experimental approach acceptable
to
the behavioral science research community.
This
set
of protocol recommendations addresses
the areas
of target selection,
subject selection and treatment,
experimenter and investigator knowledge
and behavior,
judging,
and
feedback.
KEY WORDS
Remote Viewing
Paranormal Psychology
Clairvoyance
Parapsychology
Extrasensory Perception
Psi
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PART
I.
II.
PART
III.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
•
Background
Purpose
Approach
SUMMARY OF SRI STUDIES
.
.
.
.
A.
Project SCANATE:
Long Distance Remote Viewing by
Geographical Coordinates
.
Virginia Site
Urals
Site
Island Site
Project Atlas
Site
. Sylvania Laser Laboratory
Berkeley Laboratory Bevatron
Utah and China Lake
USSR Sites
•
•
Critical Evaluation
.
.
B.
Long Distance Remote Viewing by Target Person Cueing
.
.
.
Costa Rica
Continental U.S
C.
Local Targets with Target Person Cueing
.
Training with Feedback
Demonstration of Ability
Precognitive Experiments
....
Technology Targets
.
Critical Evaluation,
Local Targets
.
.
Critical Evaluation,
Long Distance Targets
_2
Critical Evaluation, Remaining Long Distance Targets
with Coordinates
D.
Alphabet Letter Experiments
.
.
.
E.
Random Stimulus Generator Experiments Critical
Evaluation
•
•
F.
EEG Experiments
G.
Summary of
SRI Studies
Positive Characteristics
Negative Characteristics
DESCRIPTION AND EVALUATION OF NON-SRI REMOTE-VIEWING
EXPERIMENTS
*
*
*
A.
Allen,
Green,
Rucker,
Cohen, Goolsby,
and Morris
(1976)
.
B.
Bisaha and Dunne
(1977a)
.
.
.
C.
Bisaha and Dunne
(1977b)
D.
Dunne and Bisaha
(1978)
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167
172
174
179
180
180
181
182
182
186
197
202
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(continued)
E.
Hastings
and Hurt
(1976)
F.
Jahn
(1978)
G.
Karnes and Susman
(1978)
• •••••••
'‘
‘
H.
Rauscher, Weissmann,
Sarfatti,
and Sirag
(1976)
I.
Solfvin,
Roll,
and Krieger
(1978)
J.
Tart
(1977)
’
’
'
K.
Vallee,
Hastings,
and Askevold
....
L. Whitson,
Bogart, Palmer,
and Tart
IV.
EVALUATION OF POTENTIAL CRITICISMS
V.
RECOMMENDED RESEARCH IMPROVEMENTS
.....
REFERENCES
APPENDIX A.
SUMMARY AND EVALUATION OF MORRIS
(1972)
FREE
RESPONSE ANALYSIS TECHNIQUE
.
.
.
APPENDIX B.
REMOTE VIEWING PROTOCOL
Page
205
210
213
224
228
232
237
245
253
261
270
274
282
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I.
INTRODUCTION
Baokgvound
Interest
in paranormal psychology has ebbed and flowed
in many countries
and many laboratories since
the early 1800s.
Several professional societies,
M
a few scientific periodicals,
a coupleU miversity departments,
and
a variety
of popular publications have been devoted
to
the general subject matter.
(J-a)
While numerous
scientific investigations have been reported
in various
types
of paranormal functioning,
the field has also been plagued with constant
criticising from the "harder" sciences,
including
the more conventional
experimental psychology.
To cast more doubt upon the claims of paranormal
functioning,
there have been several reported and verified
cases
of fraud
and falsification of data.
(La)
As
a result,
skepticism of paranormal claims
is generally maintained
by most scientists outside
the field.
Paranormal researchers have
thus
been placed in a position
of distrust,
doubt,
and often considered akin
to
magicians,
charlatans,
and writers
of
fiction.
In essence,
the paranormal
researcher has been asked
to prove his results
and claims
far beyond
the
levels
of acceptance required by researchers
in other scientific areas. Ch)
Recently,
considerable attention has been given
to research publications
emanating from Stanford Research Institute
(SRI)
in the area of "remote
viewing,"
a term used by Puthoff
and Targ at SRI
to describe
their research
in clairvoyant description of distant objects.
Because these researchers
are
trained and recognized
as "hard" scientists
(i.e., physicists),
they
have achieved
a much greater acceptance in some quarters
than have
the many
researchers who preceeded
them.
Their publications
in scientific journals
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such
as Nature
and IEEE Proceedings have augmented
this reputation.
Finally,
they have,
through their many publications,
stimulated related and replicative
studies
Purpose
The
SRI work,
as well
as
that
of others relating
to their approach,
has
implications
for covert intelligence information gathering.
As
a result,
their research has been sponsored by several government organizations, both
within and without
the intelligence community. (V)
Puthoff,
Targ,
and their associates have not gone unchallanged,
however.
Reputable scientists have evaluated and often criticized their methods,
analyses,
claims,
and results.
They have responded
to such criticisms,
publically and apparently meaningfully. (H)
Thus,
there exists
a growing body of
such "remote viewing" literature
which has some very startling
(to
the nonbeliever)
results,
but which appears
to be well planned and executed.
Because the skeptics
of
these results
are
also vocal,
quantitative,
and respected
in scientific quarters,
the
time
appeared ripe
to evaluate
the bulk of
this literature and
to offer guidelines
(to
the sponsor^ this review}for future research,
procedures,
and possibilities.
Accordingly,
the purposes of
this report are as
follows:
(1)
Summarize all known controlled experimental research in remote
viewing,
at SRI and elsewhere;
(2)
Evaluate this research in terms
of
the appropriateness
of
its
methodology and conclusions;
and
(3)
On
the basis
of
this evaluation,
recommend experimental or
procedural safeguards and protocols
that should be followed
in future remote
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viewing research
to gain the acceptability of
the behavioral and physical
science communities. (k)
Approach
Section II
of this report summarizes and critiques
the
SRI research,
largely because other studies
are based upon this methodology.
Published
experiments are collected together by type and evaluated collectively, (j^)
Section III similarly summarizes and evaluates
all other research efforts,
published and nonpublished, known
to
the authors.
^Because
the sponsor
is
less familiar with the non-SRI work, more detail
is presented on these studies^
Section IV evaluates nine of
the potential criticisms
of
the
SRI and
related results. 0^)
Section V offers guidelines and recommendations
for future research
protocols and procedures,
based upon the proceeding analyses and summaries.
It
is hoped that adherence
to these guidelines will serve
to reduce criticism
of remote viewing research and
to permit the scientific community
to accept
the results, positive or negative, more readily. (kj
Finally,
it should be emphasized that this report does not,
deliberately,
address
the question "Is remote viewing
a real phenomenon or ability?"
Rather, we are concerned with an evaluation and possible improvement of
methodologies
appropriate
to study
the remote viewing abilities
of people.
Adherence
to
the recommended procedures should permit
a more valid answer
to
this question than can an analysis
of existing data and publications. w
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II.
SUMMARY OF SRI STUDIES
Research
in remote viewing at SRI was preceded by psychic research
in
psychokinesis
and more conventional clairvoyance within the
SRI laboratories.
The major impetus
for the remote viewing work occurred when
a subject,
Ingo
Swann,
suggested
that
the experimentation could be made more interesting
because he could "look anywhere in the world
if you just gave me some
coordinates
like latitude and longitude". (Targ and Puthoff,
1977,
p.
27)
S
Initial "experiments" were done largely
to placate Swann;
however, when these
were considered
to be successful, more controlled experiments and a "standard"
protocol were developed.
The remote viewing effort was enlarged, various
subjects were used, near and far targets were selected,
individual success
predictors were evaluated,
and several sponsors supported the work.
$
In this section, we summarize and evaluate
the remote viewing work at
SRI conducted by Puthoff,
Targ,
and their several associates.
The individual
experiments and groups
of experiments are described only to
the detail
necessary
to permit objective evaluation and comparison.
The reader
is
directed
to
the various referenced sources
for
a complete description of
the studies. (h-)
To place the various experiments,
references,
and events
in chronological
perspective, we have compiled Table
1.
Reference will subsequently be made
to
the entries
in this table
to show the temporal relationships among various
SRI activities.
Similarly,
Table
should be used
to locate specific sources
of
information or reports pertaining
to the groups
of experiments which will
be discussed below.
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TABLE
1.
(continued)
YEAR/MONTH
August 23-25
September 2-5
September
November
RELEVANT EVENTS
EXPERIMENTS
International
psychology and
Amsterdam.
Conference Para- f
\
)*rvl'4r"''
t,X-L
{
.
. the Sciences ,
\
*
Qfyr+y
* w*'
ft
Ll
r
**
Russell Targ's affiliation still
listed mth Sylvannia GTE,
Mountain View and with the
Parapsychology Research Group.
'-i
Fifteenth Annual Convention of
(U)
the Parapsychological Association,
Edinburgh,
Scotland.
it;
Targ affiliates with Stanford
Research Institute
Meeting with Andrija Puharich;
learn about Uri Geller.
Preliminary
6 weeks with Uri
Geller.
6+)
Cu -
S
Dice box
Hidden objects
in box
Picture drawing
Metal bending
December
1973
January
Letter
to Scientific American
N
inquiring about interest in
receiving survey on ESP.
Ingo Swann returns for eight
months
(1/73
-
8/73)
f"kj
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PUBLICATIONS
Targ,
R.
Precognition in
everyday life — A physical
model
Targ,
R.
Precognition in
everyday life - A physical
model.
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YEAR/MQNTH
July
July
August 4-11
August
August
September 6-8
December
December
End of Year
TABLE
1.
(continued)
RELEVANT EVENTS
Puthoff and Swann attend Inter-
national Conference on Psychotronic
Research,
Prague,
Czechoslovakia
EXPERIMENTS
Duane Elgin starts working with
the teaching machine.
Additional work with Geller.
Picture drawing
(13)
Target pictures
(100)
Swann ends stay at
SRI. (wj
PUBLICATIONS
Summary of work
Targ,
R.
Report:
Experiments
Uri Geller at
SRI, August 4-11
1973 (jkj
Targ,
R.
,
and Puthoff,
H.
ESP experiments -with Uri
Geller C^')
'
The Sixteenth Annual Convention
of the Parapsychological
f
Association,
Charlottesville, v
/
Virginia.
Puthoff, H.,
and Targ,
R.
PK experiments with Uri^LiQ
Geller and Ingo Swann
Editorial:
Nature
Week of experimentation
^
with Uri Geller
More than 20 experiments
carried out with Price and
Swann
EEG data gathered
(6 subjects)
t
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1974
January
March
March 11
March 12
March
April 1
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TABLE
1.
(continued)
EXPERIMENTS
PUBLICATIONS
First reporting period begins
: ^3 ^ Remote viewing experiment designed
nn t pr0ject
0100
' Hi 1 nt
QOI-Tda
TiT~7
i~ Vl
T.TP llci p—tal Icies
SRI
3183
First reporting period ends OJ
Ta.rg,
R.
and Puthoff,
H.
Information transmission
under conditions
of
sensoryl
shielding:
r’eceived by
Nature
(L)
Second reporting period
begins:
SRI Project 3183
Preliminary pilot experiment
(Hammid)
Detection of variable density
target material
Testing program
Random target generator
motivation study:
7075 trials
S^CPrice)
;
Pat Price experimental series
completed
Puthoff,
H.
Perceptual
augmentation techniques.
Progress report No.
1,
SRI
Project 3183,
Appendix:
Targ,
R.
and Puthoff,
H.
Information transmission
z'JN
under conditions of sensory
J
shielding
Second reporting period ends:CSj
SRI contract 3183
Remote viewing of local targets
continuing:
70 sites
Detection of variable density
target materials
:
two
series completed
Psychological and medical testing
EEG:
repeated three times:
20 15-sec trials:
0,
16 Hz &
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1.
(continued)
YEAR/MONTH
RELEVANT EVENTS
April 24
April 1
Third reporting period
begins:
SRI contract 3183
April 7-17
(approximate)
June 10-21
June 21
(approximately)
EXPERIMENTS
PUBLICATIONS
Puthoff,
H.
Perceptual
augmentation techniques
,
Progress report No.
SRI Project
3183
Appendix:
Galin,
D.
and Ornstein,
R.E.
Hemispheric specialization
and the duality of conscious
ness
Long distance targets:
Costa
Rica:
Sj
(Price);
S 4
(Hammid)
;
Targ
Long distance target
:
San
*
Andres ,
Columbia airport
3 /
Local targets with walkie-
talkie feedback:
Sj-l;
S 2— 1;
S 3
- 2
;
S 4 —
Remote viewing of local targets
using azimuth bearings
(2)
Remote viewing
of local targets
S 2-2;
S 4-2
Line drawings
(50)
(S)
Gradiometer:
S]_,
13 10-trial
runs;
S 2>
1 10-trial run;
S 6
,
10 trial runs
rs)
Pat Price leaves SRI
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1.
(continued)
YEAR/MONTH
August
22-24
RELEVANT EVENTS
Targ,
R.
and Puthof f ,
H.
Information transmission under
^
conditions of sensory shielding:
/
revised for Nature
EXPERIMENTS
PUBLICATIONS
End of
third reporting
JT
period:
SRI Project 3183
The Seventeenth Annual
v
Convention of
the Para-
(
psychological Association,
Jamaica, New York
Proj ect Atlas
:
European
'
R&D test facility:
S-l
(Price)
^
y
Random stimulus generator
^
f
Si,
S 2 ,
S 6
:
100 25-trial runs;
84 25 -trial runs
Targ/'R.
,
Cole,
P.
,
and,;
Puthof f,
H.
Techniques
to
enhance man/machine communica-
tions.
Final report onpASA
Project NAS7-100
$
Puthof f,
H.
Perceptual
augmentation techniques
Report No.
SRI Project 3183
Targ,
R.,
and Cole,
P.
Use fa
j
of an automatic stimulus
generator
to teach extrasensory
perception
Puthof f,
H.
,
and Targ,
R.
Remote viewing of natural
targets
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TABLE
1.
(continued)
YEAR/MOUTH
August 26-27
RELEVANT EVENTS
EXPERIMENTS
,,
PUBLICATIONS
International Conference on
Quantum Physics and Para-
/
psychology,. Geneva,
Switzerland
/
‘
*
!*)
f
Puthoff,
H.,
and Targ,
R.
)
Physics,
entrophy and
psychokinesis
Targ,
R.
,
and Puthoff,
H.
Remote viewing of natural
/
targets
September
Abacus/clock target
S 3
(Swann) New York City
S
October
White Plaza:
Sg
(Cole)
(first experiment)
t-*
NJ
October
Targ,
R.
,
and Puthoff,
H.
Information transmission under
conditions
of sensory shielding
November
Experiments
:
vi
>
Bridge overstream - V 2
Baylands Nature Preserve
-
Merry-go-round
-
V^_
vi
November
Miniature golf
course:
S 3
(Swann)
I
November
City Hall, Palo Alto:
S 3
(Swann)
;
November
Ingo Swann makes list of
things he "sees" but are
not
at
scene.
Second list
of things at scene
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1.
(continued)
YEAR/MONTH
Fall
RELEVANT EVENTS
EXPERIMENTS
PUBLICATIONS
Other laboratories beginning
to replicate remote viewing
experiments
,
Concluded most
of experiments
with
S]_- 6 , Vx , V2
r
1975
February
End
of reporting period X1
SRI Project 3183
x
April
May
J—
i
Richard Bach visits
^
Memo:
Four-state random number
^
generator; Analysis
of man/machine
relationship
u>
July
Puthoff, H.
and Targ,
R.
A perceptual channel for
information transfer overLC
kilometer distances:
Historical perspective
and recent research:
Received by IEEE
July
August 21-23
Pat Price dies
^
The Eighteenth Annual Convention
,
of the Parapsychological
(
Association,
Santa Barbara,
California
Allen,
S.,
Green,
R.
,
Cohen,
R.
,
Goolsby,
C.
,
and Morris,
^
R.
L.
A remote viewing study
using
a modified version of
the SRI procedure
Hastings,
A.
Mental processing
of ESP imagery:
Theoretical
considerations
r
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1.
(continued)
YEAR/MONTH
August 21-23
(continued)
November
November
December
RELEVANT EVENTS
EXPERIMENTS
Puthoff,
H.
,
and Targ,
R.
A perceptual channel for
information transfer over
^
kilometer distances:
Historical
{J*-y
perspective and recent research.
Revised for IEEE
\
*.
Beginning of final reporting
EEG experiments with
period,
SRI Project 4540
Hammid
PUBLICATIONS
Puthoff,
H.
,
and Targ,
R.
Precognitive remote viewing
Rauscher,
E.
A., Neissman,
G.
,
Sarfatti,
J.,
and Sirag,
S.
-P.
Remote perception of natural
scenes
Targ,
R.
,
and Puthoff,
H.
Replication study on the
remote viewing of natural
targets
Puthoff,
H.
,
and Targ,
R.
Perceptual augmentation
techniques.
Part
two:
Research report.
Menlo Park,
California:
Stanford Research
Institute, Final report.
Contract
3183
f
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YEAR/MONTH
1976
January
March
March 25
March
April
May
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TABLE
1.
(continued)
EXPERIMENTS
PUBLICATIONS
Targ,
R.
,
and Puthoff,
H.
Letters, Scientific American
Hastings,
A.,
and Hurt,
D.
/f
Conduct experiment with the
f
:
Parapsychology Research Group,
Palo Alto,
California
Whitson,
T.
W.
,
Bogart,
D. N.,
Palmer,
J.
, and Tart,
C.
T.
Preliminary experiments
in
,
group "remote viewing":
Received by IEEE
IEEE call for replication
i,
: x
studies on remote viewing
Puthoff,
H.,
and Targ,
R.
A perceptual channel for
\ C'O
information transfer over
kilometer distances:
Historical
perspective and recent research
Beginning of SRI Project
^
5309
Long-distance remote viewing
with target-person or
geographical coordinates
Calkins,
J.
L.
Comments on
A perceptual channel for
information transfer over
kilometer distances:
/“f.
Historical perspective and. V
recent research.
Received
by IEEE
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YEAR/MONTH
May 4
May
May
May
June 22
June
TABLE
1.
(continued)
RELEVANT EVENTS
EXPERIMENTS
PUBLICATIONS
Remote viewing:
Baylands Nature
J"
Preserve - V
Vallee,
J.
, Hastings,
A.,
and
Remote viewing:
Inner Quadrangle, f
Askevold,
G.
Remote viewing
>7
;
Stanford University - V
experiments through computer
tv
'
conferencing.
Received by
IEEE
r
Tart conducts Nebraska Psychiatric
Institute experiment
Hastings,
A.
and Hurt,
D.
A confirmatory remote viewing
•
experiment
in a group setting.
Received by IEEE
Calkins,
J.
L.
Comments on
A perceptual channel for
information transfer over
kilometer distances:
Historical
^fa
perspective and recent research.
Revised for IEEE
Puthoff,
H.
,
and Targ,
R.
Replies
to comments on A
perceptual channel for
f
information transfer over
kilometer distances:
Historical
perspective and recent research.
Received by IEEE
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TABLE
1.
(continued)
YEAR/MONTH
July
July
August 18-21
RELEVANT EVENTS
August
td
(5 days)
October
October 31
October
Nineteenth Annual Convention
of
the Parapsychological
r
\
Association, Utrecht, The
Netherlands
EXPERIMENTS
Long distance remote viewing:
$
Grant's Tomb:
Sy,
Sg
Long distance remote viewing;
*
Washington Square:
Sy,
Sg
^
PUBLICATIONS
Bisaha,
J.
P.,
and Dunne,
B.
J.
Long distance precognitive
remote viewing experiments
:
( U-j
Czechoslovakia, U.S.S.R.
Long distance remote viewing:
New Orleans
- Palo Alto:
^
California Bank Building:
Sg
Long distance remote viewing: ^
Menlo Park - New Orleans
:
/
Louisiana Superdome:
Sy
Bisaha,
J.
P.,
and Dunne,
B.
J.
Precognitive remote viewing
~
•
in the Chicago area :
A
replication of
the Stanford
experiment
Hastings,
A.,
and Hurt,
D.
^
A confirmatory remote viewing
experiment
in a group setting
Vallee,
J.
, Hastings,
A.
,
and^
Askevold,
G.
Remote viewing
experiments through computer
conferencing
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YEAR/MONTH
October
(continued)
October
1977
April 19-22
|
ft
I
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TABLE
1.
(continued)
RELEVANT EVENTS
EXPERIMENTS
n
/
.
End of reporting period:
J
Long-distance targeting
(?)
SRI Project 4540
Electro
77:
Special Session:
,
The State of
the Art in Psychic
(
Research, New York, New York
PUBLICATIONS
Whitson,
T.
W.
,
Bogart,
D.
N.
Palmer,
J.
,
and Tart,
C.
T.
Preliminary experiments
in
\ M_
\
group "remote viewing".
Comments on Perceptual channel
for information transfer over
kilometer distances
:
Historical
perspective and recent research.
Calkins,
J.
L.
, Deutsch,
S.,
Harris,
W.
A., McConnell,
R. A.,
and Muses,
C.
A.
Replies:
Puthoff,
H-.
E.,
and
Targ,
R.
Targ,
R.
,
and Puthoff,
H.
E.,
(ft)
M-ind-Reaoh
May,
E.
C.,
Targ,
R.
,
and
Puthoff,
H.
E.
Possible EEG
\
correlates
to remote stimuli
, >'
' )
under conditions
of sensory
shielding
Puthoff,
H.
E.,
and Targ,
R. (t<\
Direct perception of remote
v-
J
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YEAR/MONTH
April
July
August 10-13
September
December
1978
Winter
I
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TABLE
1.
(continued)
RELEVANT
. EVENTS
End
of reporting period:
SRI Project 5309
/
EXPERIMENTS
PUBLICATIONS
Puthoff,
H.
E.,
Targ,
R.
and
May,
E.
C.
Advanced threat
technique assessments.
Stanford Research Institute
Project 5309, Document 7-4375
The Twentieth Annual Convention
Dunne,
B.,
and Bisaha,
J.
P.
of
the Parapsychological
^
Multiple
channels in
Association, Washington,
D.C.
precognitive remote viewing
International Conference on ^
Cybernetics and Society,
Washington,
D.C.
Bisaha,
J.
P.
and Dunne,
B.
J.
Multiple subject and long
distance precognitive remote
Ia„
viewing of geographical
locations
Targ,
R.
, Puthoff ,
H.
E.,
and
May,
E.
C.
State
of
the art
^
in remote viewing studies
at SRI
Puthoff,
H.
E.
Memo: ^
•
judging procedures
n
Robert
G.
Jahn and Carol
Experiments conducted at
/
\
Curry visit SRI
(
/
SRI:
Holiday Inn,
Chapel,
Stanford
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Winter
March
April
April
May
December
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TABLE
1.
(continued)
RELEVANT EVENTS
EXPERIMENTS
PUBLICATIONS
Karnes,
E.
W.
,
and Susman,
E.
P.
Remote viewing:
A responses ^
bias interpretation
Putboff,
H.
E.
Letter
to
(4_
)
Karnes ,
E . W .
,
and Susman ,
'
E.
P.
Targ,
R.
, May,
E.
,
and Puthoff,
H.,
Galin,
D.
,
and Ornstein,
R.
Sensing of remote EM 5
sources
(Physiological
correlates):
SRI Project 4540:
Final Report
Jahn,
R.
G.
,
J.
E.
Farnum
Lecture, Princeton University,
Princeton, New Jersey
u
'
/
Putboff, H.E.,
Targ,
R.
,
and
May,
E.
C.
Psychoenergetic
research:
suggested approaches
Jahn,
R.
G.
Psychic processes,
energy transfer and things
that go bump
in the night.
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LONG DISTANCE/GEOGRAPHICAL COORDINATES
TRAINING MODE:
100 TARGETS
DEMONSTRATION OF ABILITY
LOCAL U.S.
TARGETS
FOREIGN TARGETS
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CONTINENTAL U.S.:
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- NYC
(2)
NYC
- OHIO
(1)
NEW ORLEANS
- PALO ALTO
(1)
SRI - NEW ORLEANS
(1)
X
X
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LOCAL TARGETS
TRAINING WITH FEEDBACK
DEMONSTRATION OF ABILITY
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HELLA HAMMID
DUANE ELGIN
INGO SWANN
MARSHALL PEASE
PHYLLIS COLE
PRECOGNITIVE EXPERIMENTS:
TECHNOLOGY PARGETS:
s 2 >
s 3>
S 4>
V2 J
v3
ALPHABET LETTER EXPERIMENTS
X
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TARG,
MAY,
PUTHOFF,
GALIN,
AND
ORNSTEIN
(1978)
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The following sequence of experiments and groups
of experiments
is
in
an approximate chronological order,
approximate only because some dates
of
experimental work are unknown or undocumented and because several sequences
of experiments overlapped
in time.
To hopefully make
this
section and our
perspective
of
the SRI work more intelligible, we have attempted
to combine
the experiments into cohesive,
logical groupings where
it seems appropriate.
A.
Project SGANATE
:
Long Distance Remote Viewing by Geographical
Coordinates.
In the training mode of this
sequence,
"100 targets on the earth’s
surface,
ten per day for
ten days, were chosen at random,
often by different experimenters
For each ten-trial session,
the experiment would begin with the subject
(Swann)
being given
a target location by latitude and longitude only ,
for which he
had
to provide an immediate response of what he
saw.
Following his response,
some brief indication was given as
to whether there existed any correspondence
between his description and the target location
....
A run
of
ten coordinates
was always
completed
in less
than thirty minutes
for
the entire run."
(Project
SCANATE Report,
no date,
pp.
1-2) S
The experimenters were impressed with the results.
As indicated
in
Targ and Puthoff
(1977,
p.
28),
"even though the descriptions were perhaps
a
bit vague here,
a little ambiguous
there,
they were accurate enough
to make
us begin to wonder whether we had on our hands
a case
of paranormal remote
viewing or paranormal memory."
They recognized
(SCANATE Report,
p.
2)
that
the results were only indicative,
since "even under
the carefully controlled
experimental conditions
in force,
a)
an individual could,
in principle,
obtain
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good results on the basis of memory,
and b)
given the hypothesis
of extra-
ordinary functioning an individual could,
in principle,
obtain
the data
subliminally from an experimenter who knows
the
target location."
They
recognized at
that
time the need
for "double-blind"
targets
in successive
tests.
^
Figure
1 indicates
the trend
of
the results over
the
ten runs
of
ten
trials per
run.
While
the scoring
is somewhat
arbitrary,
the general trends
are supportive
-of remote viewing.
Table
3 indicates results
of responses
to Run
targets.
Presumably
these
are representative,
although no such
response data or
target coordinates are presented
for most
of
the
targets.
(A few brief responses
to selected targets are quoted
in Mind Reach,
p.
27.) ^
Of most interest
is
that
this sequence of demonstration experiments
generated hypotheses
and concern for careful experimentation.
Puthoff
and
<
-
Targ recognized that "An individual could— in principle—obtain good results
on the basis
of eidetic memory.
In certain cases,
an individual also could—
in principle—obtain the data subliminally from an experimenter who knew the
target locations."
(Mind Reach,
p.
30)
This possible source
of information
is directly relevant
to future experiments
in their program.
Virginia Site
(38°
23'
45-48" Ns
25'
00"
W)
To subject
the remote viewing phenomena
to
a more rigorous
test,
the
sponsor transmitted
a set of coordinates
to Puthoff, who presented them to
Swann.
No maps were permitted and Swann was requested
to give an immediate
response
(SCANATE Report,
p.
4).
The session was videotaped.
His
immediate response included "seeing" mounds
or rolling hills
,
a
city
to
the north,
some lawns, maybe
a covered reservoir,
some highways
to
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SCANATE TRAINING RESULTS (SWANN)
RUN NUMBER
SA-2613-1
Figure
1,
Results
of Ten 10-Trial Training Blocks
(Swann), Project
5*
SCANATE
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a
TABLE
3.
RUN
10,
SCANATE TRAINING RESULTS
Target
Response
Evaluation
45°N 150°W
(ocean)
Ocean, beautiful blue-green waves,
sun shining,
ship
toward north
H
2°S
34°E
(eastern
shore,
Lake
Victoria,
Africa)
Sense of
speeding over water,
landing
on land.
Lake
to west,
high elevation
H
55°N 150°E
(Sea of Okhotsk)
Not many
trees,
patches of
snow,
marsh?
M
64°N
19 °W
(20 miles ENE of
Mt. Hekla volcano,
Iceland)
Volcano
to southwest.
I think I'm
over ocean.
H
55°N
130°E
(Soviet Union)
Wind blowing
there,
night,
telephone
wires.
Land,
flat place with fields;
Cold.
N
60°N 90°W
(Hudson Bay)
Open water,
stands
of pine
to north
H
60°N 91°E
(Soviet Union)
City,
snow on ground,
city
to north-
east,
factory
to south
N
30°S
0°
(ocean)
Ocean,
Atlantic,
deep blue water
H
42°N 105°E
(Gobi)
Mountains
H
28°S
137°E
(Lake Eyre,
Australia)
Islands,
Land mass
to
east, west.
An open
sea,
night.
H
NOTE:
H = hit;
good description of area in near vicinity of
target;
N =
neutral;
some possibility of correspondence; M
= miss,
clear lack of
correspondence.
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However,
despite
the "rigidly controlled conditions",
it
is reported:
"This
is remote viewing experiment with Pat Price, Dean Brown and Russell
Targ
in
the shielded room in Building
..."
(Targ and Puthoff,
1975,
p.
161),
the
two experimenters remaining with the subject."
(Puthoff and Targ,
1976b),
and
"...
the two experimenters remaining with Mrs.
Hammid."
(Puthoff and
Targ,
1976a,
p.
38)
Target Persons.
"In our standard protocol
.
.
.
the target demarcation
team,
consisting
of usually of one
to
three other experimenters
and myself
(H.P.)
picked up our travelling orders
...."
(Puthoff and Targ,
1976b,
p.
335)
This protocol,
however,
is not always
followed
either.
"This
is remote
viewing experiment with Russ Targ,
Phyllis
Cole,
and Hal Puthoff.
In this
experiment, Hall will drive
to
a remote site
..."
(Mind-Reach ,
p.
104),
and
"The outbound experimenter
...."
(Puthoff and Targ,
1976b,
p.
340)
fa-
it also should be noted that
SRI experimenters
also included subjects
despite
the
statement:
"The protocol was
...
In each of
the experiments,
one
of
the six program subjects served
as remote-viewing subject,
and
SRI
experimenters
served
as
a target demarcation team
...."
(Futhoff and Targ,
1976b,
p.
335)
From what limited resources
are available of unedited
transcripts,
pictures,
and drawings,
it can be determined
that
the following
subjects
also served as experimenters
in the associated
targets:
(a)
Phyllis
Cole:
Price:
Allied Arts
(Mind-Reach ,
p.
53)
Elgin:
BART Station
(Targ and Puthoff,
1975,
p.
158)
Elgin:
Shielded Room
(Targ and Puthoff,
1975,
p.
156)
Elgin:
Tennis Courts
(Mind-Reach,
Figure
15,
p.
83)
The reasoning behind
this
lies
in the
fact
that
the
two figures
in Elgin's
drawing are labelled
"H
& P"
and
it
is known
that Cole was used
as
an
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