Approved For Release 2003/09/09 :^S\5?DWS0(7787R000500150001-2
Final Report
October
1978
ADVANCED THREAT TECHNIQUE ASSESSMENT
(U)
By:
HAROLD
E. PUTHOFF
RUSSELL TARG
EDWIN
C. MAY
INGO SWANN
WARNING NOTICE
Sensitive
Intelligence Sources
and Methods
Involved
333
Ravenswood Avenue
Menlo
Park,
California 94025 U.S.A.
(415) 326-6200
Cable:
SRI INTL MNP
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Releasable to Foreign Nationals
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SG1A
SG1A
CONTENTS
(U)
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
(U)
v
LIST OF TABLES
(U)
vii
I
OBJECTIVE
(U)
II
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
(U)
A.
Definition
(U)
B.
Psychoenergetic Processes
(U)
C.
SRI Work
(U)
1.
Advances
of
the Current
Contract Period
(U)
.
.
a.
Example:
Remote Viewing of
I
I
SGI A
I
] (S)
b.
Example:
Communication with a Submerged
Submarine via
the Remote- Viewing
Channel
(U)
c.
Example:
Resolution Studies
(Objects
Hidden in Metal Containers)
(U)
2.
Remote-Viewing State of the Art
(U)
III
LONG-DISTANCE COORDINATE REMOTE- VIEWING
EXPERIMENTS
(U)
A.
Introduction
(U) .....
B.
East
European Site
(S)
C.
USSR Sites
(S)
1.
General
(U)
2.
I
|
D.
Headquarters,
Strategic Air
Command
(SAC)
(U)
...
E.
Underground Nuclear
Test Detection
(S)
.
IV
LONG-DISTANCE REMOTE VIEWING FROM A SUBMERSIBLE
(U)
.
.
.
A.
Communication Experiment
(U)
B.
Examination of the ELF Hypothesis
(U)
C.
Preliminary Conclusions
(U)
iii
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y
remote viewing of objects,
pictures,
and
I
SYMBOLS
(U)
A.
Experiments with Objects
in Metal
j
Containers
(U) .....
B.
Abstract Targeting of Building
Interiors
(U)
.
.
.
C.
Experiments with Analytical
Targets
(U)
1.
Alphanumeric Targets
(U)
2.
Color/Shape Targets
(Parallels
Between Remote
Perception and Ordinary Perception)
(U)
.
.
.
VI
ROLE OF FEEDBACK IN REMOTE VIEWING EXPERIMENTS
(U)
.
A.
Background Discussion
(U)
B.
Experimentation
(U)
C.
Conclusions
(U)
1.
General
(U)
2.
Recent Results
(U)
VII
REMOTE PERCEPTION OF AUDIO SIGNALS
(U)
VIII
SUBJECT- INDUCED EQUIPMENT PERTURBATION EFFECTS
(U)
.
.
|
A.
Strain-Gauge Experiments
(U)
B.
Random-Event Generator Experiments
(U)
IX
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
(U)
APPENDICES
(U)
A;
STANDARD REMOTE- VIEWING PROTOCOL
(LOCAL TARGETS)
(U)
.
B;
SUMMARY OF KEY EXPERIMENTS
IN LONG-DISTANCE COORDINATE
REMOTE VIEWING GENERATED FOR THIS PROGRAM DURING
PREVIOUS YEAR
(U)
Cj
DATA- SOURCE TRANSCRIPT
(COMPLETE)
(U)
.
D;
ERROR- CORRECTING CODING AND THE REMOTE VIEWING OF
|
TARGET SITES AS A MESSAGE- SENDING MEDIUM
(U)
REFERENCES
(U)
107
115
121
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ILLUSTRATIONS
(U)
SG1A
SG1A
SG1A
SG1A
B-l
B-2
B-3
B-4
B-5
B-6
B-7
Target Objects
in Metal
Containers
(U)
.
.
Subject Sketch of
East
European Site
(s)
.
Subject Sketch of
(S)
Subject
Sketch of Perspective Views
of Dominant
Structure,
(S)
Subject
Sketch of Detail on Dominant
Structure,
(S)
(S)
SAC HQ Building,
OFFUTT AFB
(C)
Subject Sketches
(U)
Comparison Between Subject Remote- Viewing Response
and Overhead Photography
(U)
Submersible Taurus
(U)
Submersible Experiment Number
1:
170 Meters Deep in
340 Meters
of Water.
16 July 1977
(U)
Shopping Mall Target Used
in Submersible Experiment
Number
(U)
Submersible Experiment Number
2:
78 Meters
Deep,
on
the Bottom
(U)
Palo Alto Airport
Tower
Target
(U)
.
Drawing by Subject
of Dust
Cloud Raised During
Rocket
Engine Test
(U)
Photograph of Dust
Cloud at Rocket Test
Site
(U)
.
.
.
.
Drawing by Subject,
and Rocket Test
Site Schematic
Shown
for Comparison
(U)
Photograph of Test Bay Showing Test Firing of Rocket
Engine
(U)
Remote Viewing by Grographical
Coordinates of Dam Site
in the USSR
(S)
Remote-Viewing Overview of Dam-Site Locale,
Showing
Airport of
Interest
in the Lower Left
(U)
Remote- Viewing
Sketch of Detail
on Runways and
Structures
(Soviet Airport)
(S)
101
102
103
v
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B-8
Rural
Soviet
Site
(S)
105
D-l
|
Use of a
5- Bit
Error -Correcting Code
to Increase
Probability of Correct Message Reception
(U)
120
vi
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TABLES
(U)
Breakdown of
the Various Psychoenergetic Processes
(U)
.
.
Action Item Areas
for Research
in Psychoenergetics
(U)
.
.
Transcript/Intelligence Correlations
(S)
Message Set
(U)
Transcript/Intelligence Correlations
(S)
Submarine Experiment
(U)
Distribution of Rankings Assigned
to Subject Response
Packets Associated with Each Target
(U)
Music
Target
Pool with Partial Attribute List
(U)
....
Distribution of Rankings Assigned
to Subject Response
Packets Associated with Each Target
for
Series
(U) ...
Distribution of Rankings Assigned
to Subject Response
Packets Associated with Each Target
for Series
(U) ...
Remote-Viewing State of the Art- -Conclusions
(U)
A-l
Direct Matching
(U)
.
A-2
Rank-Ordering Table
(U)
D-l
Quantitative Judging Technique
(U)
118
D-2
A 5-Bit Decoding Matrix
(U)
119
vii
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I
OBJECTIVE
(U)
(S)
The purpose of
this program was
to provide a basis
for assess-
ing psychoenergetic processes
as an advanced
threat
technology that
could be
in development by the USSR.
Psychoenergetic processes
include:
(1)
The acquisition and description,
by mental means,
of
information blocked from ordinary perception by
distance or shielding and generally believed
to be
secure against
such access.
(2)
The production of physical effects such as
the
perturbation of equipment
or
instrumentation that
appears
to be well shielded against,
or otherwise
inaccessible
to,
human influence.
(S)
This study was undertaken to determine -the state of the art,
to identify key development trends and technical parameters,
and
to
provide indicators
that suggest particular advanced- threat-related
applications.
(U)
There has been no attempt
in this program
to emphasize basic
research,
nor
to attempt development
of specific applications.
Further-
more,
since funding
levels were
limited,
extensive proof of
the
phenomena under study was not
intended.
However,
basic
evaluation
guidelines were established as an aid in forming judgements
on the
apparent degree
of
success,
or
lack of
success,
of
the various
types
of
investigations.
Some investigations were more amenable
to
(C)
Evidence that
such development
is
taking place
is documented in a
series
of intelligence community documents,
6 ^ and attention has been
called
to
this area by the
U. S.
Intelligence Board's
(USIB)
Scientific
and Technical
Intelligence Committee
(STIC)
in a document entitled
"Views
on Emerging Areas
of Science and Technology Potentially
Important
to National Security
(C)."7
f (U)
References are listed at
the end of
this
document.
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UNCLASSIFIED
<U)
statistical verification;
others
involved subjective as well
as
objec-
tive judgements.
There
is generally a
lack of agreement
as
to what
constitutes
sufficient proof of a particular paranormal phenomena,
and
this
effort did not attempt
to develop specific
tasks
to provide proof
of such phenomena which would be satisfactory to all readers.
However,
insights
gained from these investigations are considered
to be of value
|
in evaluating potential gains
as well as potential difficulties
that
could be experienced by possible Warsaw Pact development
in this area*
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UNCLASSIFIED
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II
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
(U)
A.
Definition
(U)
(U)
Recent publications
in both the open and classified literature
provide mounting evidence for
the existence of so-called "parapsycho-
logical,"
"paraphysical, "
or "psychoenergetic" processes.
These
processes
include:
(1)
The acquisition of information not presented
to any
obvious
sense.
These are perceptual processes
that
act
as
information input
to
a human subject
(remote
viewing,
telepathy,
dowsing,
etc.).
(2)
The production of physical
effects not mediated by
any obvious mechanism.
These are perturbation
(psychokinetic)
processes
that act as action output
from a human subject
(the generation of fields,
temperature changes,
mechanical
forces,
physiological
effects,
etc.).
B.
Psychoenergetic Processes
(U)
(U)
A breakdown of
the various
psychoenergetic
processes of
interest
is
shown
in Table
1.
A matrix
or "road map"
of the various
areas under current
investigation in our
laboratory and
elsewhere
is
shown
in Table
2.
Its structure reflects
the three major areas
of
activity:
•
Cataloging
the characteristics
of
the phenomenon,
such as
resolution,
reliability,
bit rate,
effects
of shielding,
etc.,
including investigation of various models
(e.g.,
electromagnetic).
•
Ascertaining the correlates
of paranormal functioning
that may
lead
to screening and training
(psychological
conditions,
medical
profiling,
environmental
factors,
etc. )
.
•
Determining application potential with regard
to:
alternate communications
systems,
enhanced environmental
monitoring
(near and
far),
application to information
security processes,
enhanced man/machine
interactions,
etc.
Approved For Release^Q£E9QQ££BQP96-00787R0005001 50001 -2
(U)
BREAKDOWN
OF
THE
VARIOUS
PSYCHOENERGETIC
PROCESSES
(U)
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Approved For Releas|JI|^^S|0^^^[p|)g(j^87R0005001 50001 -2
CHARACTERISTICS
SPATIAL AND
TEMPORAL
RESOLUTION
(Tarnpt
Si?p
EXPERIMENTATION AND ANALYSIS OF PSYCHOENERGETIC PROCESSES
a
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CHARACTERISTICS, ANALYSIS, AND THEORY
PSYCHOPHYSIO LOGICAL
APPLICATION
POTENTIAL
MECHANISM-INDEPENDENT ANALYSIS
MECHANISMS
INFORMATION THEORY,
CODING
(Bit
Rate, Redundancy
Required,
Message
Transmission,
Judging
Techniques)
PSYCHOPHYSICS
ANALOGS TO
ORDINARY
PERCEPTION
(Perceptual
Tasks Paralleling
Ordinary
Perception)
BRAIN-HEMISPHERIC
LOCALIZATION
PHYSIOLOGICAL
CORRELATES
(EEG, GSR, EMG)
PSYCHOLOGICAL,
MEDICAL
PROFILING
ENVIRONMENTAL
FACTORS
(Sensory
Deprivation,
Altered
States,
Stress
Environments,
Experimenter
Effects
[Psychological
Factors,
Psi/Anti-psi Syndrome])
EDUCATIONAL
PROCEDURES
STRAIN GAUGE
EXPERIMENTS
NOISE PERTURBATION
(Radioactive Decay,
Electronic
Noise)
SCREENING
(Children
Identical
Twins,
the
Blind)
TRAINING
(Feedback,
Reinforcement,
Target
Optimization)
ELECTROMAGNETIC
EFFECTS
(ELF
Beacons, Jamming,
Submersible Shielding,
Propagation Velocity)
QUANTUM MECHANICS
(Non-locality, Quantum-
I nterconnectedness.
Holographic)
MULTI-DIMENSIONAL
(Complex Space/Time)
RELIABILITY
(Subject
Confidence,
Pnriinn
TARGETING
(Geographic
Coordinates,
fifinnnnhiml
SHIELDING
(Electromagnetic
and Other)
d^Release
: CIA-RDP96-00787R0005001 50001 -2
ENHANCED ENVIRONMENTAL
INFORMATION MONITORING
ALTERNATE COMMUNICATIONS
CAPABILITIES
GENERATION OF ADDITIONAL
INFORMATION SECURITY
PROCESSES
ENHANCED HUMAN/MACHINE
INTERACTIONS
* CREATION OF NEW INDUSTRIAL
COMPONENTS
NEW APPLICATIONS IN SYSTEMS
TECHNOLOGY AND ENERGY
ECONOMICS
POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS TO
SATELLITE AND INTERPLANETARY
COMMUNICATIONS
ALTERNATE MEDICAL/
PSYCHOLOGICAL TREAT-
MENT STRATEGIES
'jSCIOUSNEsS
(Computer-Controlled
and
Srnrpri Versus
(Psychological
Fartnrs
PRODUCTION OF NEW
EDUCATIONAL METHODS
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C.
SRI Work
(U)
(U)
In order
to meet the objectives
of
this
program,
SRI
investi-
gators
have for
the
last
six years been concentrating primarily on a
particular human information-accessing capability that we call "remote
viewing."
This
phenomenon pertains
to the ability of certain individuals
to access and describe,
by means
of mental processes,
information blocked
from ordinary perception by distance or shielding,
and generally believed
to be secure against
such access.
This has
included
the ability of sub-
jects
to view remote geographical
locations,
even at
intercontinental
distances,
given only geographical coordinates
or
a known person on
whom to
target.
(S)
The remote viewing abilities
of several subjects have been
developed
to the point where they can describe— often
in great detail
geographical and technical material
such as natural
formations,
roads,
buildings,
interior
laboratory apparatus,
and real-time activities.
These experiments have included successful viewings
of solid-propellant
missile static
test
firings
in the western
U. S.,
the apparent detection
of underground nuclear
tests,
and correct detailed descriptions
of Soviet
and East-bloc military facilities.
These results are documented
in this
report.
1.
Advances
of the Current
Contract Period
(U)
(U)
Three major advances stand out
in this year's
effort with
regard
to work with our
two experienced
subjects.
They are:
(1)
An observed
increase
in reliability of psychoenergetic
functioning as
a result
of practice,
to the point where
the year's major
effort
in a
long-distance remote
viewing application resulted
in data of high information
content with
little error.
(2)
The successful application of the remote viewing
function as
a communications
(message-sending)
medium,
carried
out
in a semi-operational stress
environment
(submerged
submarine).
(3)
An observed increase
in spatial resolution discri-
mination,
to resolution on the order
of a millimeter.
These advances are illustrated
in the following three examples.
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OCCRCT
SG1A
a.
Example:
Remote Viewing
SG1A
(S)
As an example of remote viewing applied
in
a threat-assessment
role,
we present here
in the Executive Summary
a synopsis
of an experi-
ment
described
in detail
in Section III.
(S)
A target site was
selected by the project
contract monitor and
the coordinates
(latitude and
longitude
in degrees,
minutes,
and
seconds) were passed
to SRI investigators.
No other data were provided.
An
SRI
investigator read
the coordinates
to a subject and asked
for his
impressions
of
the
site.
In response
the subject generated a drawing
and narrated
a description,
which was
tape recorded.
The subject-
generated data package was
then
transmitted
to
the project monitor
for
analysis.
|
(S)
A table prepared by the contracting agency's
evaluation team
shows
a comparison between some
of the
subject;
transcript
data and
intelligence data
(Table
3).
Additional detail
is contained
in
a
later
section of
this
report,
and a complete analysis
is available through
Sl/SAO channels.
The overall conclusion of the evaluation team
is
that
the data provided are
in such detail and
of such high accuracy that
the
(S) Additional backup data on the work summarized
in this report
(e.g.,
specific coordinates,
intelligence sources used
in evaluation,
etc.)
are available through the contracting agency and can be provided on a
need- to- know basis.
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(S)
4UMt
possibility of chance or any other explanation may be disregarded,
as the
probability of so many high correlative elements
is beyond comprehension.6
We therefore find in this application-feasibility test that the subject
was able to generate extensive detail confirmed by intelligence data.*
j
|
b .
Example:
Communication with a
Submerged Submarine
via
the Remote- Viewing Channel
(U)
(U)
As
an example of remote viewing applied
in
a communication
mode,
we present here a synopsis
of a second experiment described
in
further detail
in
Section
IV.
(U)
The goal
of
the experiment was
to determine whether
it was
possible
to transmit a message
to a submerged submarine via
the remote-
vieWing channel.
The
test was designed
to provide not only an oppor-
tunity to determine the feasibility of psychoemergetic communication
with an isolated
individual,
but also
to provide data
on
the effects
of
environmental
stress
on psychoenergetic performance,
and on the possible
shielding effects
of several hundred feet of sea water
(known to be a
good shield
for all but
the
lowest frequencies
of the electromagnetic
spectrum).
(U)| As an overall calibration of
the remote viewing process,
against
which specific
examples
such as
the above can be gauged,
we can take
as
a background data base
a
lengthy collection of
51 remote viewing
trials
collected over
a
several-year period with nine subjects,
and
published by the authors
in
Proc.
IEEE .
In these
trials
subjects were
targeted on
local
targets
(bridges,
swimming pools,
theaters,
airports,
computers,
machine
shops,
etc,
) within a 20 km range of
SRI.
The
method
of
targeting was
that
the subject "tracked"
investigators who
were
to visit an unknown target
site at a prearranged
time.
The proto-
col
for
this
standard remote-viewing experiment
is
given in Appendix A.
The quality of the results was
such that
the
judges,
who had
to
determine
in a blind fashion which subject-generated data packages
(tape
transcripts and drawings) were associated with which target
sites,
werje able
to blind-match transcripts
to targets
in roughly half
the
cases.
Details are presented
in Ref.
9.
(U}
Further calibration data are given
in Appendix
B.
Presented there
are key experiments
in long-distance coordinate remote viewing
generated
for
this program during
the previous
year.
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(U)
The submersible used
in the experiment was
the Taurus,
a
five-
man underwater vehicle manufactured by International Hydrodynamics
Company Ltd.
(HYCO)
of Canada.
During
the experimentation discussed
here,
the submersible operated submerged
in the waters near
Santa
Catalina
Island,
off the coast
of southern California.
(U)
The protocol
for
the experiment was as
follows.
A series of
six potential messages
to be sent
(see Table 4) was constructed
in
advance of the experiment.
To each message was assigned
a San Francisco
Bay Area target
location.
To send a given message,
a pair of investi-
gators
comprising
a target demarcation team went at a prearranged time
to the site linked
to the particular message and remained there
for
minutes.
During this period
a subject on-board the submersible,
monitored
by an investigator blind
to the target
pool,
registered his
impressions
as
to where
the demarcation team was,
500 miles away,
as per standard
remote viewing protocol.
Following the remote-viewing
trial,
the subject
then consulted a list
of potential
targets
(seen for
the
first
time at
this point),
made a choice as
to which target
of the set he had described,
and noted the associated message.
Table 4
(S)
MESSAGE SET
(U)
Message
Remain submerged
for
two days
Evasive plan six
*Rendezvous at pickup point three
Proceed
to base one
Standby alert on priority targets
*Launch priority targets
bV
Messages
sent
via remote- viewing
protocol.
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(U)
Two experiments
of
this
type were carried
out,
one each with
two subjects.
For
this
first
experiment the submersible was at a depth
of 170 m in water
340 m deep;
for
the second
the submersible rested on
the bottom in 80 m of water.
In both cases
the subjects rendered
excellent descriptions
of the target
sites,
and had no difficulty in
choosing the correct
target from the list of six potentials
targets.
Although the subjects
indicated
that they had experienced some degree of
stress due to cramped conditions and seasickness,
these environmental
factors did not appear
to affect
the quality of performance deleteriously.
c.
Example:
Resolution Studies
(Ob jects Hidden
in Metal
Containers )
(U)
—
(U)
In order
to obtain an estimate of
the resolution capability of
the Remote-viewing process,
a subject was asked
to render descriptions
of objects hidden in small
light-tight metal containers
(35 mm film cans)
locajted
1/8 mile distant from the subject.
The location of the object
was known to
the subject only as being on the person of an investigator
outbound
to an unknown site.
During the experiment no
investigator
involved
in the study knew the target,
the target canisters having been
previously prepared and randomized by an investigator outside the project,
(U)
A sequence of ten trials were carried
out,
and
the resulting
subject
transcripts and drawings were blind-matched
to the targets by an
independent
judge with statistically significant results.
Figure
shows
the targets and responses
for
the first
five trials.
As
indicated
in the
figute caption,
the quotations accompanying the drawings are taken from
the £irst paragraphs
of the subject responses.
These data indicate that
the ^>sychoenergetic channel functions with
a spatial resolution down
to
at
l^ast
the order
of one millimeter.
| 2.
Remote- Viewing State of
the Art
(U)
(S)
The more important results
of our
investigation
to date can be
summarized as
follows:
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SPOOL AND PIN
"IT'S DEFINITELY SOMETHING THIN AND
LONG.
.
. WITH A NAIL HEAD AT THE
END
.
.
. SILVERED COLORED.’*
CURLED UP LEAF
'A NAUTILUS SHAPE WITH A TAIL.
CAN OF SAND
GREY AND WHITE QUILL
UNCLASSIFIED
'THE STRONGEST IMAGE
I GET
IS LIKE A BELT.
"LIKE A MINIATURE TOWER
BOTTOM
.
.
. LIGHT BEIGE.”
SCALLOPED
"LIKE A PENGUIN
.
.
. GREY AND BLACK AND
WHITE
.
.
. POINTED OR SLIGHTLY ROUNDED
OFF AT THE TOP
.
.
. OPEN OR POINTED AT
THE BOTTOM."
FIGURE
TARGET OBJECTS
IN METAL CONTAINERS.
Captions
under
subject
drawings
are
quotes
from
first
paragraph
of
transcript.
(U)
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•
Target acquis it ion - -Sub jects can acquire target
site on the
basis
of
the presence
of a known person at
the
site;
targeting by geographical coordinates without
the presence
of a known person at
the site yields results comparable
to
those obtained
in experiments
in which a person known
to
the subject
is used as
a target.
This observation offers
evidence
for
goal-oriented as
opposed
to means-oriented
interpretation of the "laws"
that appear
to govern
psychoener ge t ic
func t ioning
•
Target attributes
sensed - -Descriptive aspects
(shape,
form,
color,
material)
are described better
than analytical
concepts
(function,
name),
although at
times
the
latter
come through excellently.
Written target material
is
correct only occasionally.
Alphabet targets are success-
ful only statistically.
In addition to visually observable
detail,
subjects
sometimes report
sounds,
smells,
electro-
magnetic
fields,
and other phenomena
that
can be verified
as
existing at
target
locations.
•
Spatial and temporal resolution-- The channel functions with
spatial resolution down to at
least one millimeter.
Real-
time activities at
the target
site are often perceived.
Experiments have included successful real-time remote
viewing of Minuteman and Poseidon static
test firings
in
the western United
States
(with differentiation between
successful
firings and
scrubs,
and timing to within ten
seconds).
Ephemeral,
rapid,
or repetitive targets are
more difficult.
•
Distance ef fects --Accuracy and resolution are not sensitive
functions
of
sub ject~ target distance over
intercontinental
distances.
•
Shielding - -Faraday cage
or
sea water electrical shielding
are not effective shields.
•
Factors
that appear
to
inhibit
success
in remote viewing -
These are a-priori subject knowledge of
target
possibili-
ties,
absence of
feedback,
application of the ability to
trivial
tasks
(testing
for
the sake of testing),
and use
of repetitive target
sequences.
•
Factors
that appear
to enhance success
in remote viewing--
These are interest
factors
for
the
subject,
a-priori
necessity and relevancy
for obtaining information
(seriousness
of
purpose),
the presence of a facilitating
monitor
to ask questions and direct
the subject's
attention,
and practice with
feedback,,
•
Accuracy and reliability--Analysis
of remote-viewing tran-
scripts generated by experienced subjects
indicates
that
for
a given target
site roughly two-thirds
of
the subject-
generated material constitutes an accurate description of
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the
site,
while about one-third
is ambiguous,
general,
or
incorrect.
Repeatability of phenomena - -Continuing demonstrations
in
this
program, 10' la
and replications
in other
laboratories, 14_
indicate that
the capability known as "remote viewing"
is
a repeatable human perceptual ability.
Distribution of psychoenergetic capacity in population-
Abilities appear widespread,
though latent;
volunteers
with no previous history of psychoenergetic
functioning
exhibit ability in screening experiments,
indicating
that reliance on the availability of special
subjects
may not be necessary.
Unknown,
however,
are the percentage
of population trainable
or with natural talent,
the
optimum screening procedures,
and the medical
or
psychological profiles of good
subjects.
Threat potential--Remote viewing,
through
the use of
geographical coordinates
as designators,
has
in many
cases provided meaningful descriptions
of East-Bloc military
facilities designated as
targets by the sponsor;
evaluation
by appropriate intelligence community specialists
indicates
that
a subject
is able by this process
to generate useful
data corroborated by other
intelligence data;
as
is
generally true with human sources,
the information
is
fragmentary and imperfect,
and
is therefore best utilized
in conjunction with these other resources;
nonetheless,
the data generated by this process appears
to exceed any
reasonable bounds of chance correlation or acquisition by
ordinary means,
and therefore constitutes
a potentially
exploitable information source.
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III
LONG-DISTANCE COORDINATE REMOTE- VIEWING EXPERIMENTS
(U)
A.
Introduction
(U)
(S)
One
of
the primary objectives
of
this program
is
to provide a
basis
for
evaluating various psychoenergetic capabilities.
This
is done
specifically
to assess
the probability that
such capabilities might be
under development
in the USSR as
an advanced
threat technique that could
form the basis
of future technological
surprise.
(S)
To aid
in this assessment
a significant part
of
the study
is
devoted
to evaluating application feasibility by examining
U.S.
capabili-
ties.
This assessment
of application feasibility takes
the form of
our
asking subjects
in this program to view and describe remote sites chosen
by the project's
contract monitor
as being sites
of
interest,
such as
U.S.
missile
test
bays,
Soviet military facilities,
and
so
on.
(U)
Two procedures are used
for targeting
the subject
on the
site.
In those cases where feasible,
a person known
to
the subject
is
dispatched
to
the vicinity of the
site and
the subject
is asked
to
target
on that
individual,
who plays
the role of
a beacon--!. e, ,
apparently acts
as an
aid
in the focusing process.
For
those sites where deployment
of a
cooperative person
to
the site
is not
feasible,
we employ an abstract
targeting procedure developed
in an earlier program . 10
In
this procedure
the site coordinates
(latitude and
longitude
in degrees,
minutes,
and
seconds)
are relayed with no
further
information
to
the subject.
The
subject who
is
to view the site
is asked simply to proceed on the basis
of
the coordinate alone.
The materials generated
in the experiment are
then turned over
to
the project monitor
for
evaluation.
(U)
Admittedly,
such an abstract
targeting procedure seems without
basis
in logic
(at
least with regard
to
the present
scientific paradigm),
and we can make no claim for
the technique other
than the purely pragmatic
one that
it appears
to work.
We can only point out
that
in psychoener-
getics research
in general,
the possibility of success
in such an
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(U)
experiment
is
in accord with the observed "goal-oriented" nature of the
laws
that appear
to govern such functioning.
B.
East
European Site
(S)
(C)
To
test
the phenomenon of remote viewing as
a practical
intelli-
gence-gathering technique,
researchers at
SRI International were given
the geographic coordinates
of a
site by the contract monitor.
The site
was selected because of
its
intelligence interest and because there were
sufficient data in the intelligence community
to evaluate
the results.
It
is
important
to remember
that only the coordinates were provided.
No
othep identifying or helpful
information was supplied
to
SRI
or
the sub-
ject^
The coordinates remained
locked
in a safe at
SRI until
5 January
1978)
at which time they were withdrawn.
(U)
The site selected was
The following
background data were provided
to SRI by the contract monitor after
completion of the experiment.
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(S)
We therefore find
in this application- feasibility test that the
subject was able
to generate a description containing extensive detail
confirmed by other
intelligence sources.
C.
USSR Sites
(S)
1.
General
(U)
(S)
For
a second
test
of remote viewing as
a practical intelligence-
gathering technique,
the project's contract monitor arrived at
SRI with
the coordinates
for
four
(4)
Soviet
sites.
(U)
In the presence of the contract monitor
each of
the four coordi-
nates was read
in turn to a
subject by an
SRI
investigator blind
to the
targets.
In response
to each coordinate the subject
spent about
minutes rendering sketches and noting down on paper his
impressions
of
the
site.
Although there was
little verbal
interchange,
the session was
tape recorded
in addition.
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JLV1\LT
(S)
Table
(Concluded)
(U)
(U)
Following
the initial hour's
effort
on
the four
sites,
the
the Contract monitor
examined
the data generated by the subject and then
aske<d
for
further detail
on each response.
2 .
(S)
(S)
As an example of
the
level
of detail obtained
in this
series
of remote- viewing
trials,
we present here some of
the data obtained
pn
the third
of
the four
sites,
(S)
Upon being read
the coordinates
the subject's
immediate verbal
response was
"It's
a missile site."
He
then proceeded
to generate
several
pages
of verbal
transcript material and a
series
of sketches,
which
include an outline of
the general area
(Figure
3)
and detail on a
tall vertical
structure
(Figures
4 and
5).
These can be compared with
the Intelligence source data shown
in Figure
(l
There does appear
to
be relevant correlation between
some of the subject-generated data and
certain key elements
of the target
site.
A detailed analysis
of
the
results
of
the experiment
is available from the contracting agency and
can be provided
on a need-to-know basis.
D.
Headquarters,
Strategic Air
Command
(SAC)
(U)
(U)
On
July 1977
the project's
contract monitor carried out
a
remote -viewing experiment
at
SRl's Radio Physics Laboratory with one of
the
SRI
subjects.
The subject was under continuous observation by the
contract monitor.
No
SRI
investigators were present.
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Approved For Release 2 00S EERE 6-00 87R000500150001-2 (3) SMOKE STACKS (confirmed) (5) STAND OF PINE TREES (confirmed) ~Y ifr ~ lh He | >a . _) \ a “_— ‘ _—_— y *, (2) FENCE (confirmed) (1) HIGHWAY WITH INTERSECTION (confirmed) A. (18) LANDING STRIP . (confirmed) t —_ aise ed Va Ss 4 6) FACTORY (confirmed) (7) SUBTERRANEAN (confirmed — mine) FA / : le / (6) STORAGE FACILITY (confirmed) \ FIGURE 2 SUBJECT SKETCH OF EAST EUROPEAN SITE (S) SECRET 23 Approved For Release EE RETR DE 96-00 87R000500150001-2
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fr<*v
FIGURE 3
SUBJECT SKETCH OF
(S)
(U)
The particular site used
in the experiment was
kept blind
to
the contract monitor,
having been chosen by
a colleague of his,
so
the
i
experiment was
of
the double-blind
type.
The site coordinates were
given
to the subject by the contract monitor with no further
elaboration.
The subject was asked
to note his
impressions
of the site
in written
form,
including sketches.
The response was
turned over
to the contract
monitor
in just under fifteen minutes.
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FIGURE 4
SUBJECT SKETCH OF PERSPECTIVE VIEWS
Off
I IS)
DOMINANT STRUCTURE,
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FIGURE
SUBJECT SKETCH OF DETAIL ON DOMINANT STRUCTURE,
(S)
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(C)
The site chosen was
later revealed to be the SAC Headquarters
building,
Offutt AFB,
eight miles south of Omaha,
Nebraska.
Specifically,
the Coordinates given were those of a Minuteman Missile on display
in
front of the headquarters building
(see Figure
7).
(C)
The subjects
first response
is shown
in Figure
8.
His
initial
impressions were of shapes:
a cluster
of three thin vertical objects
on
widei bases,
and a single
large tapered cylinder.
These shapes
do bear
some resemblance to features
at
the SAC HQ building target
site,
which
has
three antennas on the roof,
and a Minuteman Missile on display
in
the front.
(U)
The subject
then rendered a plan view of
the area as seen from
the air
(Figure 9).
As
is often the case,
some resemblance between the
target site and subject response can be discerned
(lake to the southeast,
runway to the northeast,
segmented building with three structures
on top
and incline
in front,
etc.),
but
the subject’s response
is more sparse
than the actual site
(i.e.,
missing some structures)
and contains
ele-
ments
not confirmed
(e.g.,
twin buildings
to the south).
Given the
double-blind nature of the experiment and the essentially infinite pool
of
target possibilities,
however,
it
is reasonable to conclude from
Figures
through
that there
is circumstantial evidence that some
contact with the site location took place.
In particular,
it should be
noted
that
there was no a priori reason for
the subject
to expect an
airport
target,
and
this main feature was discerned.
E.
| Underground Nuclear
Test Detection
(S)
(S)
During the course of the contractual
period,
occasional
opportunities
for unplanned long-distance remote-viewing experiments
arise.
Three such targets
of opportunity occurred during the period
covered
by
this report;
these were detonations
of underground nuclear
devices
in the Nevada desert.
Participation by SRI Radio Physics
Laboratory personnel
in the activity provided an opportunity for verifi-
cation of event
timing,
facility layout,
and
so
forth.
Subjects were
instructed
to view by coordinates during time windows of a half hour
that bracketed the planned detonation times.
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CONFIDENTIAL
FIGURE
SAC HQ BUILDING, OFFUTT AFB.
Target coordinates
given
to
subject were
those
of Minuteman
missile on
display.
(C)
r-w
-tUu
JxX^'
*****
’f* —
UNCLASSIFIED
*J*4.
#AM$.
FIGURE
SUBJECT SKETCHES
(U)
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(S)
The subjects were not
told
the nature of the event nor given
detail on event
time.
The data generated by the subjects were descrip-
tive of underground nuclear detonation,
an abort was recognized as
such,
and considerable detail on site layout and conditions was generated,
some of which has been verified as being correct.
Evaluation of this
data
is still being carried out by Radio Physics Laboratory personnel;
who have access
to site/event data.
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LARGE BUILDINGS
PEDESTRIAN
INCLINE
OFFUTT AFB
PHOTOGRAPHY FLOWN BY
100 SRW
JU
COMPILED BY 544 TMS
APPROXIMATE SCALE
1:15,000
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IV
LONG-DISTANCE REMOTE VIEWING FROM A SUBMERSIBLE
In July of
1977
SRI carried out
experiments
in remote viewing from
a submersible submerged
in 500
ft
of sea water,
approximately 500 miles
from the target
site.
The goal
of the experiment was
to determine whether
it was possible
to transmit a message to a submerged submarine via the remote-viewing
channel.
The test was designed
to provide not only an opportunity to
determine the feasibility of psychoenergetic communication with an
isolated
individual,
but also to provide data on the effects
of environ-
mental stress
on psychoenergetic performance,
and on the possible
shielding effects
of several hundred
feet
of
sea water
(known to be a
good shield
for all but
the lowest
frequencies
of
the electromagnetic
spectrum).
Neither the stress,
nor distance,
nor seawater attenuation
appeared
to degrade the quality of the remote- viewing function in any
way.
The submersible used in the experiment was
the Taurus,
a five-man
underwater vehicle
(see Figure
10) manufactured by International
Hydrodynamics Company Ltd.
(HYCO)
of Canada.
(The Taurus was made
available
to SRI by Mr.
Stephan Schwartz
of the Philosophical Research
Society of Los Angeles,
who had arranged
for
its use
in an underwater
archaeology experiment.)
During the experimentation discussed here,
the submersible operated submerged
in the waters near Santa Catalina
Island,
off
the coast
of southern California.
A.
Communication Experiment
The protocol
for
the experiment was as
follows.
A series
of six
potential messages
to be
sent
[see Table 4
in the Executive Summary
(Section II)]
was constructed
in advance of the experiment.
To each
message was assigned a target
location in the San Francisco Bay Area.
To send
a given message,
a target demarcation team went at a prearranged
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(U)
UNCLASSIFIED
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SUBMERSIBLE TAURUS
(U)
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time to
the site linked
to the particular message and remained there
for
15 minutes.
During
this
period a subject on-board
the submersible,
monitored by an investigator blind
to
the target
pool,
registered his
impressions
as
to where the demarcation team was,
500 miles
away,
as
per
standard remote viewing protocol.
Following the remote- viewing
trial,
the subject
then consulted
a
list
of potential
targets
(seen for
the first time at
this
point),
made a choice as
to which target
of
the
set was viewed,
and noted the associated message.
Four
trials were planned
in accordance with
a prearranged time
schedule.
The first
trial was aborted because the submersible did not
follow its diving schedule.
For the second
trial
the submersible was
at
a depth
of
170 m,
in water
340 m deep,
and the subject was asked
to
describe his impressions
of the location of the outbound
team.
(The
outbound team had chosen their
location to designate the particular
message
to be sent,)
Having completed
the response,
the subject was
handed
the
list
of target descriptions and asked
to choose which of
the
six target
locations appeared
to match the description.
Figure
11 shows
the subject's response.
The outbound team had
chosen the large oak tree shown
in the figure,
(An interesting note:
Because of a timing error
the subject's narrative began while the out-
bound
team was
still
enroute to
the target
site.)
The subject correctly
(and
extensively)
described
a large
tree,
and also correctly described
a drop-off behind
the outbound
team.
In this
experiment
the subject
was able
to
identify the correct target on the
list and was
thus able
to obtain the associated correct message,
"Rendezvous at Pickup Point
Three."
The third trial aborted because of a
lack of synchronization between
submarine dives and
target visitation.
For
the fourth trial,
the out-
bound team again went
at
a prearranged time
to one
of
six possible
locations,
chosen from a new
list,
a
shopping mall shown
in Figure
12.
In
this
trial
the submersible rested on the bottom in
78 meters
of water.
Figure
13 shows
the subject's response
to
the target.
The subject
correctly indicated
the flat
stone flooring,
small
pool,
reddish stone
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UNCLASSIFIED
FIGURE
SHOPPING MALL TARGET USED
IN SUBMERSIBLE EXPERIMENT NUMBER
(U)
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FIGURE
SUBMERSIBLE
EXPERIMENT
NUMBER
2:
m
DEEP
ON
THE
BOTTOM.
Target
was
shopping
mall
in
Mountain
View,
California.
Subject's
drawing
correctly
identifies:
"Flat
stone
flooring,
walls,
small
pool,
reddish
stone
walk,
large
doors,
walking
around,
an
enclosed
space.”
(U)
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walk,
and people walking around
in an enclosed
space.
When shown the
target
list,
the subject chose the correct target
location and was
thus
able
to "receive"
the associated message.
Therefore,
in the two trials
that were actually carried out
from
the submersible,
the subject
in each case selected the correct
one out
of six messages.
B.
Examination of
the ELF Hypothesis
One of our purposes
in experimenting with remote viewing from a
submersible was
to test
the extremely- low- frequency
(ELF)
electromagnetic
hypothesis put forward by
I.
M.
Kogan of
the Soviet Union,
who suggests
that
information transfer under conditions
of sensory shielding
is
mediated by ELF waves with wavelengths
in the 300-to-1000-km region. 20- 23
To determine the significance of the success
of the communications
experiment with regard to the ELF hypothesis,
we must examine the
shielding effect
of
170 m of sea water.
The appropriate calculations
have been carried out by the authors
for another project;
we quote the
salient features here.
Three modes
of propagation have to be considered.
They are the
TE,
I'M,
and quasi-TEM modes
of propagation.
(The
latter
is
generally
assumed
in Project Sanguine/ Seafarer calculations,
where one considers
coupling into
the spherical resonant cavity comprised of the earth's
surface as
the
inner radius,
and
the ionosphere as
the outer radius. 24
)
Table
6 shows
the minimum attenuation results
for
the three cases,
assuming a depth of
170 m and
a frequency of
10 Hz
(approximate brainwave
frequency).
We see that
in all cases
there
is greater
than 20 dB
(factor
of
100) attenuation of
a
10-Hz
ELF signal.
C.
Preliminary Conclusions
Preliminary conclusions of the submersible experiment are as
follows:
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Table
SUBMARINE EXPERIMENT
(ELF Hypothesis)
Depth:
170 m
Maximum- Transmission TE Wave
(Normal
Incidence,
10 Hz)
^surface
44.8 dB
loss
Rattn
18.6 dB
;
Total
63.4 dB
Maximum- Transmission TM Wave
(Grazing
Incidence,
10 Hz)
^surface
3. 4 dB
loss
Rattn
18.6 dB
Total
22.0 dB
Maximum- Transmission Quasi-TEM Wave
(Grazing
Incidence,
10 Hz)
^surface
50.3 dB
loss
Rattn
18.6 dB
Total
68.9 dB
•
Remote viewing appears
to be a successful approach for
achieving
a
land/ submersible communication
link.
•
Under
the least-loss case
(near-grazing TM wave),
the
attenuation for an
ELF signal
at
10 Hz
is
18.6 dB at
170
m,
to which must be added
the air/surface
reflection
loss.
(The air/surface interface adds
another
3.4
dB. )
The results are therefore suggestive
that
the postulated
ELF electromagnetic radiation
mechanism is not viable as
a mechanism for remote
viewing.
However,
a definitive
test requires
a series
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of experiments carried out
at,
say,
1000 m,
where
10-Hz attenuation reaches
110
dB.
•
Although the subjects
indicated that
they had experienced
some degree of stress due
to cramped conditions and
seasickness,
these environmental
factors did not appear
to affect
the quality of performance deleteriously.
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V
REMOTE VIEWING OF OBJECTS,
PICTURES,
AND SYMBOLS
(U)
(U)
For simple communication experiments,
training procedures,
and
so
forth,
it would be desirable
to dispense with the relatively cumber-
some procedure of remote viewing of natural
sites and substitute the
remote viewing of small objects,
pictures,
symbols,
and
the
like.
In
this
section we discuss
experiments undertaken to determine the
feasi-
bility of such a substitution.
A.
Experiments with Objects
in Metal Containers
(U)
(U)
An experiment was carried out
in which a subject was asked
to
render descriptions
of objects hidden in small light-tight metal
con-
tainers
(35-mm film cans)
located
1/8 mile distant from the subject's
location.
Further,
the location of
the object was known to the subject
only as being on the person of an investigator outbound
to an unknown
site,
(S)
The purpose of
the experiment was
to test
(1) whether such
a
process constitutes
a useful communication channel as claimed by the
Soviets, 22
(2) whether
a
target needs
to be illuminated
in order
to be
detected by psychoenergetic processes
(e.g.,
can one look inside a
darkened
safe?),
and
(3) whether resolution on
the order
of millimeters
can be obtained.
(U)
Ten trials were carried
out.
Each target was chosen by a
random-number process from the target pool that was prepared
in advance
by an independent
investigator.
All
investigators involved
in carrying
out
the experiment were kept blind both as
to particular
targets and as
to the contents
of the target
pool
as
a whole.
(U)
In detail,
an investigator not otherwise associated with this
series
(Investigator A) was asked
to select ten objects and
to seal
each
in a separate film can.
The film cans were then turned over
to
a second
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<•-•>
investigator
(Investigator
B),
who was not
told
the contents.
Investi-
gator
B then numbered
the can tops
to
10 without opening the
cans,
taking care
to handle them in such a way as
to avoid gaining any
information as
to their contents.
Investigator
B then placed the box
of cans
in
a secure safe.
During the experiment
the target
cans were
used without replacement until
the ten possibilities were exhausted.
(U)
At
the beginning of each experiment,
the subject was closeted
witli
Investigator
C
in an isolated windowless room of the Radio Physics
Laboratory in the SRI complex.
Investigator B then generated
a random
number by the use of the random-number function on a Texas
Instruments:
Model
SR- 51 hand calculator,
obtained
the associated can from the target
pool! in the safe,
and took
it
to
a convenient
location in a park near
SRI*
The outbound investigator
(Investigator
B) remained at
the remote
location for
a ten-minute target
period,
beginning at
a previously
agreed- upon time,
with the film can still unopened.
(U)
During the target period
the subject was asked to locate the
outbound
investigator and to describe the contents of the film can in
his
possession.
Since the investigator with the subject
(Investigator
C) was
ignorant of both
the particular
target and
the contents
of the
target
pool,
he was
free
to question the subject about his perceptions
without
fear
of cueing.
The entire interaction
in the laboratory was
tape: recorded,
and
the subject was
encouraged
to make drawings
to
accompany his verbal description of
the film-can contents.
(U)
Following
the
target
period,
outbound Investigator
B returned
to
tljie
laboratory,
at which time all concerned
(subject and
Investigators
B and
C)
learned
the contents
of the target film can by opening
it.
This |was
the first time in the entire course of the experiment
that an
association could be made between a numbered can top and
a given target
object.
(U)
Because targets were used without replacement,
when a previously
use4 number came
up,
the random-number generator was reactivated until
an unused number was
obtained.
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(U)
To facilitate analysis,
it was decided
in advance that
the
experimental
series
of ten trials would be broken down into two sub-
groups
of five trials
each.
Thus,
in the blind rank-order procedure
used
(described below),
a judge was asked
to compare each
target against
five transcripts--one generated during the target period of
interest
and four generated during the other
target periods
of the subgroup.
This procedure of breaking up trials
into subgroups
is
a standard one
designed
to reduce the difficulty of comparing each target against
a
long series
of all
transcripts.
(U)
In preparation for
the judging of each subgroup,
the subject's
tapes were transcribed.
The resulting transcripts were
then edited by
Investigator
B only
to
the extent
of deleting references
to previous
days'
targets.
The transcripts were then labeled
A,
B,
C,
D,
E in a
random order by use of the SR-51 random number
generator.
Each
set of
five transcripts
(with associated drawings) was
then turned over
to an
independent judge with the following instructions:
"The five film cans with randomly numbered
tops which
contain objects constituted
targets
in five successive
'remote
viewing'
experiments.
The subject's
five response packets
containing tape transcripts and associated drawings,
one
packet
for
each experiment,
are
to be matched
to the film can
contents.
The response packets are unnumbered and presented
in random order,
so
the matching
is
of the blind
type;
that
is,
no indication
is being given as
to which packet was
generated
in response
to which target.
In carrying out
the matching process,
the judge must
realize that
the subject
is
instructed simply to give
descriptive impressions
as
to the characteristics
of
a
target,
as
opposed
to trying
to interpret
or
identify or
name the
target.
This
is based on the known fact
that
in
psychoenergetic
functioning,
as
in other subliminal perception
processes,
first impressions as
to
form,
color,
and texture
tend
to be correct,
but further efforts
to analyze and
interpret
tend to lead
to incorrect
'analytical overlay.
As an aid
in judging with regard
to this particular concept,
we ask that
as
part
of
the judging exercise the judge should,
before reading any subject
transcript,
examine all
the
targets,
and write down
for his own use a
list
of target descriptors
(rather than names)
for
each
item.
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(U)
The details
of the judging procedure,
which involve
filling
in
the accompanying matrix
(see attached form),*
are as
follows.
Select the lowest numbered can and examine
its
contents.
Then read through the packets with the goal
of determining best
to worst description of
this particular
target.
When the rank ordering
is complete for
this
target,
enter
the rank order numbers,
1,
2,
3,
4,
5,
best
to worst
match,
beside the appropriate transcript
letter
in the first
column.
Then examine the contents
of the next
lowest
numbered
can,
again ranking
the packets best
to worst match,
and
likewise enter
the rank order numbers,
1-5,
best
to
worst match,
beside
the appropriate transcript
letter
in
the second column,
and
so
on.
The rank ordering for
each
target
is
to be done independently of the previous rank
orderings,
so
that,
for
example,
a given packet may be
|
chosen first place match for more than one target
if
that
provides
the best ordering of descriptions.
When the task
is complete,
the entire matrix should be filled
in,
at which
time the packets are
to be returned."
(U)
As an example of
the quality of description obtained,
the
results generated
in
the first subgroup of five are shown
in Figure
in the Executive Summary
(Section
II of
this report).
The captions
conjtain quotes
from the subject's
first paragraph of each description.
Fori a spool and a pin we have:
"It's definitely something thin and
long... with like a nail head at the
end. ..silver colored;"
for
a curled
up
[Leaf;
"a nautilus
shape with a tail;"
for
a
leather belt keyring:
"The strongest
image
I get
is
like a belt;"
for
a can of
sand:
"like
a miniature tower ... scalloped bottom. .. light beige;"
for
a grey and
white quill:
"like
a penguin. .. grey and black and white. ..it's organic
and has
been alive. .. pointed or slightly rounded off at
the
top. ..open
or pointed at
the bottom.
(U)
The judge's blind rank-order assessment
for
the entire
ten-
trial
series
is shown in Table
7(b).
in the blind rank ordering of each
target against
five transcripts consisting of the appropriate transcript
(U)
The judge was given a blank matrix to be filled
in.
For
the form
of
| the matrix,
see Table
7(a),
which
is an example
of a filled-in
matrix.
The numbers correspond
to the judge's rank-ordering assess-
ments;
the circles
indicate the actual
transcript/target
pair.
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Table
(U)
DISTRIBUTION OF RANKINGS ASSIGNED TO SUBJECT RESPONSE PACKETS
ASSOCIATED WITH EACH TARGET
(U)
(a)
Example of Judging Matrix
(First Five-Trial
Subgroup)
Transcript
Letter
Can Number
A
B
C
D
©
E
(b)
Analysis
Experiment
Can
Number
Target
Rank of Associated
Packet
i
Spool and pin
Leaf
Keyr ing
Sand
Quill
Stamps
Plastic pig
Whistle
Metal
spring
Doll
Total sum of ranks
(10 trials/5 rankings
each)
Probability of result by chance26
p = 0.009
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(U)
and four
others,
six of the ten transcripts were correctly matched,
and
two were matched
in second place,
a result significant at
p = 0.009
<i‘: e * ,
the probability of obtaining such a ranking by chance
is
less
than
in
a hundred).
(U)
It
thus appears
that
small objects can be discriminated by
psychoenergetic process es,
and
that
the channel
functions down to at
least
the order of one millimeter spatial resolution.
Finally,
success-
ful; use of the light-tight
cans
indicates
that
the light
level required
to jilluminate the target can be vanishingly small. +
B.
|
Abstract Targeting of Building Interiors
(U)
(U)
For
the past
several years we have been conducting remote-
viewing experiments
in which
a subject
in the laboratory
is able
to
describe accurately the interior of a remote building given only
geographical coordinates
or
a known outbound investigator
on whom to
target.
In our
experience,
the outbound investigator need not be inside
the building for
the subject
to provide an accurate description of the
inside.
It
is sufficient
for him to be in the general neighborhood of
the building in question.
(U)
We had not,
however,
previously carried out an experiment
to
determine whether an experienced subject could describe
the inside of a
building,
given only an envelope containing a photograph of the target
(U)| The appropriate analysis
for preferential -ranking data
is given
in
Ref;.
25.
The analysis requires
that
the ranking for each target be
carried out independently- -that
is,
with replacement-and
the judge
was: so
instructed.
.
Evidence that
this requirement was adhered
to
to
a
Cjlose approximation,
is provided by examination of Table
7(a)
where
thej correct matching of four
targets
out of five did not yield an
automatic match for
the
fifth,
and Transcript
C was
twice selected as
a
fp.rst-place match
(Targets
7 and
8).
(U)| The film cans were tested
for
light-tightness by exposing the cans
containing 400 ASA Tri-X film to 30 flashes
of a
1200 watt-second
strobe
light at
inches;
photodensitometer traces showed no
light
explosure as compared with unexposed control
film.
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(U)
building.
Therefore,
we designed an experiment
that
involved handing
the subject photographs
of
the outsides
of buildings
in the
San Francisco Bay Area,
In order
to assure
the absence
of analytical
guessing,
the photos remained sealed
inside opaque photographic
enve-
lopes
throughout
the experiment.
The envelope plus
its
contents
thus
constituted an abstract targeting procedure,
(See discussion in fourth
paragraph of Section III-A.
)
(U)
The targets,
all stand-alone buildings
in the
Palo Alto area,
were as
follows:
an indoor swimming pool,
movie theater,
public
library,
bowling alley,
fire station,
grocery
store,
auto showroom,
airport hangar,
research building,
and Chinese restaurant.
In each case
a photo was
taken in
a manner
to best conceal
the true nature of
the
building.
This was done
to discriminate against
simple remote viewing
of an envelope's contents
in favor
of
the contents acting as
a means
to target
on
the site in accordance with
the
goal of
the experiment.
(U)
Ten trials were carried
out,
two per day over
a period
of five
days.
Each target was chosen by random-number generator access
to
the
target
pool,
and the
investigator with the subject was kept blind
to
the
target.
The randomly selected
target
envelope was handed
to
the
subject
for his assessment
as
to
the structure,
purpose,
and activity
associated with the site represented by the envelope's contents.
The
session was
tape recorded and
the subject was
encouraged
to generate
sketches of the site
to accompany his narrative.
(U)
After completion of each
trial,
the subject was allowed
to
open
the envelope and
look at
the picture.
At
this
point
a second phase
of
the experiment was
initiated
in which
the subject was asked
to render
a second interpretation of
the
site on the basis
of
the photograph.
Finally,
the subject was
given feedback as
to
the exact nature of the
building
in question.
(U)
In
the evaluation of
this
experiment
it was clear
that none
of
the subject's descriptions
or drawings had more than a superficial
resemblance
to the target building under consideration.
Neither
the
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unseen nor
the seen photograph allowed the subject
to make significant
comments
or drawings with regard
to
the
intended
target.
The failure
of these particular experiments contrasts sharply with the high degree
of success achieved by the same subject during several years
of work in
our
laboratory,
and also with other successful experiments carried out
during
the same experimental period.
(U)
There are several possible factors
that could contribute to
the subject
s
inability to describe the remote buildings
in these
experiments,
Fiist,
it must be recognized
that
it may be impossible to
do the task required.
We tend
to discount
this
idea,
since another
gifted subject has apparently been able to do this task under similar
conditions. 3
A more likely explanation,
in our opinion,
is
that
the
subject was overworked
in this
experimental
series:
A total
of
30 trials
of various
types were carried out
in a five-day period.
This
far exceeds
the subject
s previous work pace,
and
the subject
complained of great
fatigue at
the end of many of the days.
Further efforts along this
line
shopld be pursued before a
final determination
is made as
to the feasi-
bility of this procedure.
C.
|
Experiments with Analytical
Targets
(U)
(S)
In the course of this program we carried out several series of
communications
experiments
involving
the attempted transmission,
from
one laboratory to another,
of analytical
targets
(numbers,
letters,
wordjs).
These series were initiated
in an effort
to assess reports of
Soviet activities
in this area.
One of
the Soviet experiments
involved
the transmission of numbers
(decimal digits
0 through 9) with a claimed
yield
of 105 out
of
135 digits.
The a priori probability of such a
result occurring by chance
is p~
“ 11
,
an extremely significant result
if
tjrue. 26
1.
Alphanumeric
Targets
(U)
(U)
In
this
series an investigator
in one laboratory cycled through
a
set
of targets by means
of a random protocol,
while a percipient.
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isolated
in another
laboratory,
registered his responses.
In some
experiments
the percipient knew the elements
of the target pool
(e.g.,
digits
0 through 9),
while
in others
the target pool was
essentially
unknown
(e.g.,
dictionary words).
Target content
for
the various
series
was
as
follows:
ten decimal digits--0 through
9;
five written color
words- -yellow,
red,
blue,
green,
black;
three alphanumer ics--A,
1,
0;
three specific words--cat,
house,
rhinoceros;
and an open-ended
list
of random dictionary words.
Computer analysis
of the total
of
1,100
trials completed indicated that
the results
in each case do not deviate
significantly from chance expectation.
(C)
In addition
to the above laboratory experiments carried out
within
SRI,
a long-distance
(Ohio-California)
communication experiment
utilizing binary digits
(0,
1)
as
targets was undertaken.
Each working
day for a two-week period the contract monitor placed
on display at his
location a three-digit binary number,
of which there are eight
possi-
bilities
(000,
001,
...
111).
At an agreed-upon time a subject
located
at
the Radio Physics Laboratory at
SRI,
Menlo
Park,
California,
attempted
to perceive the three-digit number.
The results
of this
experiment also did not deviate significantly from chance expectation.
(U)
We
thus
found
in our experimentation an inability on the part
of subjects
to perceive alphanumeric material.
This result
is
con-
sonant with our general
findings- -namely,
in paranormal perception the
patterns
of correct versus
incorrect responses
indicate specialization
characteristic
of the nonanalytic part
of the brain's cognitive
apparatus.
This
part
of the brain
is
thought
to deal mainly with spatial
and holistic
processing,
in contrast
to specialization in verbal
or
analytical
functioning.
2.
Color/Shape Targets
(Parallels Between Remote Perception
and Ordinary Perception)
(U)
(U)
In an effort
to devise an approach
that might begin to train
analytic perception ability,
one of
the program subjects devel-
oped
a gradient
series
of perception tasks
that mimic
the known
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development
of ordinary perception.
The decision
to follow such a
protocol was derived from data
indicating that
the
laws
of paranormal
perception are congruent with,
rather than skew
to,
the
laws
that govern
ordinary perception,
especially under conditions of subliminal
presentation. 30
(U)
The approach was based
on a specific perceptual orientation
process known
to hold
in ordinary perception of color.
The perceptual
process
of interest was
the well-documented scale of increasing sensi-
tivity
to color
tones.
Cross-cultural
studies
of 98 separate linguistic
stocks
indicate
that,
from culture
to culture,
perception of color
tones
in the environment begins with discrimination first
of black and white
(dull/bright);
then red
is added as
a color,
then yellow or green
followed by the other,
then blue,
brown,
and finally purple,
pink,
orange,
and
grey.
Although these latter are undistinguished at
first,
discrimination between them eventually occurs. 31
(U)
On
the hypothesis
that
perhaps
a similar gradient
is
followed
by ap individual
in the development
of paranormal
perception,
a
lengthy
pilop series of several hundred
trials was carried out with an experienced
subject
to determine,
in a simple lab-to-lab remote target card sequence,
whether any correlation existed between color
impressions,
brightness/
dullness
impressions,
and accuracy of symbol recognition.
(The symbols
were
0,
T,
and A
of various
colors.)
A post hoc analysis
of the
indicated
that
in those cases where the subject was correct
in his
impression as
to whether
the
target was bright
(white,
yellow)
or dull
(blue,
black),
he was able
to recognize the symbol
to a statistically
significant degree,
used
data
\S)
sub j
jThis
lengthy seri es
on detailed alphanumeric material preceded
the
|ect
s viewing of
|
H (Section
III),
which yielded
one of the better
more detailed remote viewing results' on ‘the program.
Therefore,
we might conjecture along with the
subject
that
the remote-
viewing practice
that occurred
in this series may have helped
to
strengthen and sharpen the subject's
skills.
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(U)
Based on the above observation,
a second experienced
subject
was
tested over a three-day period.
This
subject was
instructed
to
attempt
to differentiate remote target card
symbols
(0,
T,
A
of various
colors)
first on the basis
of the dichotomy dull/bright,
and then with
regard
to shape,
and only finally with regard to color.
(Specifically,
the subject was encouraged
to reject premature mental discrimination
processes based
on color perception.)
After noting an apparent
learning
curve in the
data,
a
final
test run was carried out before subject
departure on the third day.
For
this run only,
the subject was
instructed
to reject color perception altogether,
and
to simply indicate bright/dull
followed by symbol
shape.
This
test resulted
in correct recognition of
10 out
of
12 shapes consisting of the three symbols
(0,
T,
A)
of various
colors randomly intermixed.
The probability of such a result occurring
by chance in less
than one
is
1800
(i.e.,
p < 5.5
X
10"^).
On
the basis
of these preliminary results,
further experimentation with
this protocol
will be carried out
to determine whether the approach can lead
to stable
paranormal perception of alphanumeric
targets,
a task that has
so far
eluded parapsychology workers
in this country.
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VI
ROLE OF FEEDBACK IN REMOTE VIEWING EXPERIMENTS
A.
Background Discussion
It
is
standard practice
in
our
laboratory,
and
in others,
to provide
subjects with feedback as
to
their results
in paranormal perception
experiments.
This procedure
is based
on
two
factors:
(1)
the recognition
in learning theory that feedback
is
important
in learning any skill,
and
(2)
the observation that
subjects
indeed do better when feedback
is
supplied.
For most ordinary
(non- paranormal)
tasks,
the role
that feedback
plays appears relatively straightforward.
In paranormal
experimentation,
however,
precognition of future events sometimes
seems
to occur.
This
raises
the possibility that
in paranormal perception experiments
some
part
of the information obtained
is
a result
of precognitive access
to
future feedback rather
than direct remote viewing.
If
so,
feedback to
the subject would play
a more substantive role
in paranormal
experimenta-
tion than
is
usually
the case.
As
a corollary,
the withholding
of
feedback
in paranormal
experimentation could be especially deleterious.
Feinberg of Columdia has
even suggested
that
perhaps all
of
the informa-
tion
in remote viewing comes via precognition of feedback. 33
In any case,
there
is strong evidence that feedback
is an essential
element
for successful remote viewing,
whether
the reasons
be simply
psychological
or more substantive,
perhaps
even physical.
Therefore
two experiments were undertaken
to determine
to what degree remote
viewing could be elicited under
conditions where
the subject never
receives
feedback as
to
the
target.
B,
Experimentation
In these experiments,
each of
two subjects
independently made six
remote- viewing
trials.
Both subjects were experienced
in the remote-
viewing task and have produced reliable and successful results
in the
past.
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In experiments with one subject we carried out six trials
of
standard remote viewing of
local
targets
in the San Francisco Bay area
with no feedback as
to the target
location visited by the outbound
investigators
.
Instead,
the subject was taken each day to a different
one of a
set
of
feedback"
locations,
none of which were
in the targep
pool
for remote viewing.
The subject was
informed as
to
the nature of
the experiment and knew that his task was
to describe the place visited
by the
investigators,
rather
than the place he was
to be shown after
the
experiment.
The experiment nonetheless provided an opportunity to
observe whether he would
in fact describe
the "feedback"
site in place
of
the
target
site.
The outcome of the experiment was determined by the blind matching
of an independent
judge.
The judge was
given a
listing of
the
target
sites
in random order and
a similar
listing of
the feedback sites,
also
in random order without being
told which was which.
He was also given
the pix transcripts produced by the subject.
The judge then had two
tasks.
He had
to rank-order
the
transcripts,
as he thought
they applied
to each
of
the sites.
This was done both for
the target
sites and the
"feedback"
sites.
In blind matching of
the subject's response
to both the target
locations and
the feedback locations,
no deviation from chance expecta-
tion; was
found.
In each case the judge correctly matched one target-
transcript
pair,
which
is
the result
expected by chance.
If
it had turned out
that
the matching of the transcripts
to the
target
sites had been significant,
it would have been evidence for direct
perception of the site at
the time
of
the outbound
investigator's visit
to
that
site.
If,
on the other hand,
there had been significance
in the
matching of
the transcripts
to
the feedback sites,
we would have concluded
that
the subject
tends
to describe primarily the location about which he
is
eventually given feedback.
The result,
however,
was
that his
effort
to
target
on the correct
site appeared
to suffer
in the absence of rele,
vant
feedback,
but he was not diverted
into describing an irrelevant
false
feedback target.
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In experiments with a second subject,
we first carried out three
standard experiments
in the remote viewing of
local
San Francisco Bay
Area sites with feedback.
These were successful
trials
in which the
subject described a secure map room,
an outdoor swimming
pool,
and a
church in sufficient detail
for
the transmission of a five-bit
error-
!
corrected message.
(See Appendix D
for
a description of the application
of the remote viewing of natural
targets as a vehicle
for message trans-
mission with built-in error correction.)
We then carried out three trials without feedback,
in which the
subject gave descriptions
that
in no way matched the targets.
This was
then followed by a final
trial with feedback to establish whether
the
functioning would return.
In this
cA.se the outbound investigators
selected by the random-number generator
protocol,
the control
tower at
the Palo Alto airport,
a
location never before seen by this
subject.
The target was
immediately described
j on tape as
a "tower
like building...
rising out of organic petal shaped bushes.
It
is quite square with an
enlarged
tip on the top."
A photograph of the tower,
together with his
drawing of
it are shown
in Figure
14..
It would
thus appear that reinsti-
tuting the feedback condition rehabilitated the functioning.
C.
Conclusions
1.
General
Taken together as a
series,
this experiment consisted of
13 indivi-
dual remote- viewing experiments with jexperienced subjects.
Of
the
trials
they made,
none of those without feedback were successful,
and
all
those with feedback were.
From this we must conclude
that,
at
least
for
the two subjects
examined,
who are ordinarily quite reliable,
feed-
back to
the subject
is an important aspect
of
the remote-viewing protocol.
We cannot,
of course,
conclude that feedback
is essential
for substantive
(e.g.,
physical)
reasons,
since the above series did not separate out
psychological factors.
In fact,
both subjects expressed the feeling that
the no- feedback condition was psychologically very frustrating
to
them.
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UNCLASSIFIED
PALO ALTO AIRPORT TOWER TARGET.
Described
by
subject
as
a
square
stone tower
rising
out
of
foliage
at
its
base.
(U)
FIGURE
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The next appropriate series
of experiments with these normally
successful
subjects would be
to
intermix,
on a random schedule,
feedback
and no-feedback trials,
to eliminate any effect
of psychological pre-
disposition that
a subject might have with regard
to a given trial being
carried out without
feedback.
At
this
point,
however,
we can conclude
that
feedback
is
important,
whatever
the cause.
2.
Recent Results
In the follow-on to the program reported here,
we addressed
the
issue as
to whether
it was possible
in principle
to obtain information
in
the absence of feedback.
Furthermore,
the experiment was designed
to
factor
out
the psychological component:
the subject did not know on
a
given trial whether
feedback would be provided.
The goal
of
this
experiment was
to determine
if paranormal perceptual
abilities
could be elicited under conditions
in which,
for half
the
trials,
on a random basis,
the subject would never receive feedback as
to his
trial-by- trial performance.
The task of
this
experiment was
for
the subjects
to determine which
one of
ten digits,
0-9,
had been chosen by an electronic random number
generator and stored
in a computer.
The entire experiment was
software
programmed
on a standard commercial microcomputer with typewr iter/video
1.0.
(Polymorphic
Systems Model
8813 microcomputer).
The subject
indicated his choice by striking the appropriate key on
the computer
terminal.
In a run of 20
trials,
the subject received
immediate
feed-
back for only ten of his
choices,
on
a randomly determined
schedule.
In the feedback cases,
the correct number was
printed
on the video
terminal
as
soon as
the subject made his
selection.
In
the cases with-
out
feedback,
the computer printed
the words NO FEEDBACK,
and went
on
to
the next
trial.
Hits and misses were accumulated internally and only
the totals were displayed at
the end of
each run of 20 trials.
Results
for all
subjects were accumulated
in
a
separate,
protected
file.
Ten subjects were
studied:
seven controls
(SRI volunteers)
and
three subjects
a priori labeled "experienced.”
The seven
SRI volunteers
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did not produce scores differing from chance expectation in either
experimental condition (FEEDBACK or NO FEEDBACK).
All
three of
the
experienced
subjects,
on the other hand,
did produce individually
significant departures from chance scoring.
Of
these,
one subject
scored significantly in the NO FEEDBACK case
(p < 0.01,
or odds
of
less
than
in a hundred of such a result being obtained by chance).
Thus
it
wouljd appear
that although feedback may play an extremely important
psychological,
and perhaps more substantive
(e.g.,
physical)
role,
it
is
not jabsolutely essential.
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VII REMOTE PERCEPTION
OF AUDIO SIGNALS
In assessing
the possibility of remote sensing by modalities other
than visual,
we conducted an experiment
in which
the primary remote-
sensing task was
on audio
one.
We feel
that
the success
of our
earlier remote-viewing experiments
has resulted
from the following considerations:
•
The targets have been ’’natural scenes” rather than
contrived visual
stimuli.
•
The subjects were encouraged
to describe nonanalytic
features
of
the targets rather
than to analyze the scene.
•
The experiments were conducted
in a relaxed atmosphere
with approximately one
trial
per
day.
•
Whenever
possible,
immediate feedback was provided
to
the subject.
These considerations
served as
a basis
for
the design of the remote audio
experiment.
Ten musical pieces were chosen
for
the target
pool.
These targets
were selected on
the basis
of a nearly balanced mixture of classical,
nonclassical,
vocal and nonvocal music.
The pool
of
ten pieces were
chosen
to keep
the
set
as orthogonal as possible with regard
to feeling,
rhythm,
instruments,
and overall
gestalt;
they are listed
in Table
8.
In
each trial
a music
tape was played
for
ten minutes
in
a building
1/8 mile distant
from the subject
to provide sufficient
isolation to
ensure no audio
leakage path.
As with the cans
experiment
(Section
V),
the ten trials were divided into
two groups of five trials
each.
The
procedure
for random-number generator access
to
the pool
of target
tapes
was
the same as
in the cans
experiment,
and
the investigator monitoring
the subject was,
as
usual,
kept blind
to
the contents
of
the target
pool.
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As
in the remote- viewing experiments,
the subject was
encouraged to
describe his impression of
the overall mood of the remote audio "scene,"
and specifically discouraged from guessing the name of the musical
number.
The subject's comments were recorded
for
later transcription.
Since the target
tapes were chosen to be extremely different from
each other,
and since the monitor was
to act as
a
judge,
no feedback was
given at the end of each trial
to either subject
or monitor.
The judging
technique employed was
the rank-ordering procedure described
for
the
canister
experiments.
The results
of
the rank-ordering analysis are
shown
in Tables
9 and
10.
Of
the two series
of five
trials,
the second was
the better.
Three
of the five transcripts were first-place matched without difficulty,
as
the correspondences between the transcripts and associated musical
selections were excellent.
(In the first
series,
there were no first-
place matches,
although three of
the five were second-place matched.
)
Thus,
there
is possibly some indication of learning in this new task.
Statistically,
the odds
of obtaining the observed matching results
by chance are
in 2.3 and
in 12.5
for the first and second series,
respectively.
Therefore,
considering that some of the individual cor-
respondences were quite detailed and accurate,
and considering that
one
of our other
subjects
(not present
for
this experiment)
had performed
exceptionally well
in similar
tests conducted
in a different research
laboratory,
we would not conclude that
this
is
a definitive null result.
However,
more experimentation
is necessary to define the characteristics
of this particular
form of channel,
and better statistical results would
be required
to place the results on a
solid footing with regard
to a
positive
interpretation.
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UNCLASSIFIED
Table
DISTRIBUTION OF RANKINGS ASSIGNED TO SUBJECT RESPONSE PACKETS
ASSOCIATED WITH EACH TARGET FOR SERIES
Experiment
Tape
Musical Target
Rank of
Associated Transcript
Concert
for
Bang la Desh
Drums
of Passion
Also Sprach Zarathustra
Sitar of
India
Bach Fugue
in D Minor
Total
Sum of Ranks
Odds
of Such a Result
by Chance
in 2.3
Table
DISTRIBUTION OF RANKINGS ASSIGNED TO SUBJECT RESPONSE PACKETS
ASSOCIATED WITH EACH TARGET FOR SERIES
Experiment
Tape
Musical
Target
Rank of
Associated Transcript
Baez Love Song
to a
Stranger
Concerto
for Piccolo
Mozart
Sonata
in
F Major
The Elements
Vespers
Total
Sum of Ranks
Odds
of Such
a Result
by Chance
in
12.5
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VIII
SUBJECT- INDUCED EQUIPMENT PERTURBATION EFFECTS
(U)
(S)
The study of human/machine interactions as
a psychoenergetic
process has posed great difficulties
for
serious
investigators.
Among
these difficulties are the combined facts
that the reported
effects
tend
to be small,
and
the
local
environment has rarely been monitored
for
causes alternative to the proposed psychoenergetic
effects.
In addition,
one
finds
that
the strongest
effects are reported as occurring with the
most controversial and/or
suspect
subjects.
Out of this collection of
questionable experimentation
(and often poor reporting),
emerge,
however,
a few provocative experimental results suggesting that
further careful
examination may be worthwhile and possibly rewarding.
Such studies
would provide valuable data for assessing whether the area
of subject-
induced equipment
failures poses
a potential threat.
A.
Strain-Gauge Experiments
(U)
(U)
As
a result of technical contacts with
Prof.
John Hasted,
Birkbeck College,
University of London,
we have developed an interest
in
attempting
to confirm his claim33 ’ 34
that he has observed
inelastic and
elastic deformations of metal bars by some kind of remote human inter-
action.
During these experiments
the subjects are reported
to cause
effects without any physical contact with the metal.
(U)
In an effort
to replicate Hasted' s results,
we have con-
structed an electrically shielded enclosure having more than 135 dB RF
attenuation from 10 kHz
to
10 MHz and plexiglass
sides
(to shield against
air currents).
Within this
enclosure
is an experimental system of
resistive strain gauges attached
to a
thin metal
bar.
These are wired
as
a temperature-compensating bridge and connected
to battery-operated
amplifiers and recording instruments.
At present we can detect changes
in the
length
of the bar on the order
of 500 angstroms and applied
transverse forces
of approximately
100 mg.
To date,
we have been
Approved For Release 2QflB(|BiiyUKagDP96-00787R000500150001-2
Approved For Releas
87R0005001 50001 -2
(U)
successful
in isolating and correcting several
sources
of artifact,
and
have obtained hours of artifact-free baseline operation.
All
of the
data will be magnetically recorded
for
later computer analysis,
and a
simple strip-chart record will provide
immediate feedback to the subject
of any changes
in the bar.
We are encouraged with the progress
of
artifact
isolation,
and we will begin to task subjects
to attempt
to
perturb the isolated metal bar during the foLlow-on program.
(U)
Should experimentation reveal
genuine subject- induced pertur-
bations,
we will determine whether such effects can be used as
a
message-transmission device
(remote telegraph).
B.
Random- Event Generator Experiments
(U)
(U)
Another
class
of experiments
that have been extensively
reported are those that
involve alleged human/machine interaction with
electronic random- event
generators.
In these experiments,
digital
electronic noise derived
either
from a thermal noise source
or from the
decay of
a radioactive material
is monitored while a subject
is
attempting
to alter
the statistical properties
of
the noise distribution.
Th^ usual
protocol
involves providing visual and audio feedback signals,
proportional
to various
statistical parameters,
to a subject who
is
asjced
in a biofeedback scenario
to concentrate upon
the feedback signals
an|d
to alter
them in a prescribed way.
To date,
there have been 54
such experiments reported
in the
literature, 35
of which
35 report
statistically significant
effects,
while none of these studies
show
similar departures
from randomness during control runs.
(U)
We have completed the design stage of
a micro-processor-based
(L;SI- 11)
random-event
generator,
and are
in
the hardware construction
an^l assembly phase.
We are using three fundamentally different
sources
of random events
to derive the digital
electronic noise signal.
The
first
of
these
is
a diode designed by R.
H.
Haitz, 36
that
is completely
understood from both the quantum-mechanical and solid-state construction
point
of view,
A second fundamentally different source of random events
isl to be derived from the decay of a single- transition beta
emitter.
Approved For ReleasejJC^/^/£^<g^
Approved For Rele,
A787R000500150001-2
(U)
Lastly,
the entire system can be checked against
a pseudorandom shift
register
that constitutes
a
third source
of random events.
This
latter
has
the property that
a
long string
of bits appears
random,
yet
once
the
shift register
is reinitialized
it produces
the identical random sequence
once again.
(U)
The instrument
is
under
control
of
a microprocessor
that records
data on magnetic tape
for
later analysis,
and controls
a printing
I/O
statistical calculator
that provides
immediate results
for
feedback.
Once
the
instrument
is
complete,
it will be exhaustively tested
for
possible artifacts resulting from environmental conditions.
(U)
We propose
to use this
instrument
in the follow-on program
first
to attempt
to confirm the existence of
the claimed phenomenon.
If
it
is
confirmed,
we will investigate theoretical
implications with regard
to various modes
of human/machine interaction.
Assuming
that an effect
can be stabilized,
this microprocessor-based system can easily be re-
programmed
to utilize error-correcting coding techniques
to construct
a
"remote"
telegraph communication system.
Approved For Rele|4e|^|9«9M9Q«4-B»Bff«0787R000500150001-2
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PP96-00787R0005001 50001 -2
IX
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
(U)
(U)
Experimental
laboratory work continues
to provide evidence for
the existence of so-called psi processes,
a class
of
interactions between
consciousness and the physical world as yet unexplained.
These include
(1)
the acquisition of information not presented
to any obvious
sense,
and
(2)
the production of physical
effects not mediated by any obvious
mechanism.
(S)
At
SRI we have concentrated primarily on the former,
investi-
gating
a particular human information-accessing capability that we call
"remote viewing."
This phenomenon pertains
to the ability of certain
individuals
to access and describe,
by means
of mental processes,
infor-
mation blocked from ordinary perception by distance
or
shielding,
and
generally believed
to be secure against
such access.
Our
data base now
consists
of several hundred trials
in the remote viewing of targets
ranging from objects
in nearby light-tight canisters
to geographic
sites
at
transcontinential
distances,
and viewed from locations
that
include
shielded Faraday cages and
a submerged submarine.
These experiments
have included successful viewings of solid-propellant missile static
test
firings
in the Western
U. S.
and correct detailed descriptions
of
East-Bloc military facilities,
given only geographical coordinates on
which
to
target.
(S)
Table
11 summarizes
the key findings with regard
to target
acquisition,
resolution,
shielding,
and distance effects;
factors
that
appear
to enhance or inhibit success
in remote viewing;
accuracy,
reliability,
and robustness;
screening and training of subjects;
and
technological and theoretical considerations.
(U)
Data from these observations
indicate that
the phenomenon
is
characterized by resolution on the order
of at
least millimeters,
apparent
ineffectiveness
of ordinary electrical shielding,
and relative
insensitivity to distance up
to and including transcontinental distances.
Approved For Rele;
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(Uj
With experienced subjects
the accuracy and reliability of the phenomenon
caij also be characterized roughly by
a
two-thirds
factor.
That
is,
approximately two- thirds
of a given transcript about
a given site
is
correct,
roughly two-thirds
of
a series
of transcripts
can be blind-
matched by
a judge
to
the correct
target
out
of a
list,
etc.
(S)
Remote viewing,
through
the use of geographical coordinates
as [designators,
has
in many cases provided meaningful descriptions
of
East-bloc military facilities designated as
targets by the sponsor.
Evaluation by appropriate intelligence community specialists
indicates
that
a subject
is able by this
process
to generate useful data corrob-
orated by other
intelligence data.
As
is
generally true with human
sources,
the information
is
fragmentary and
imperfect,
and
is therefore
best utilized
in conjunction with these other resources.
Nonetheless,
the data generated by
this
process appear
to exceed any reasonable
bounds
of chance correlation or acquisition by ordinary means,
and
therefore constitute
a potentially exploitable information source.
Approved For Release 200
87R0005001 50001 -2
(S)
REMOTE-
VIEWING
STATE
OF
THE
ART-
-CONCLUSIONS
(U)
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Approved For Release 2q^g^g|^|^Qg2&00787R0005001 50001 ~2
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Appendix A
STANDARD REMOTE- VIEWING PROTOCOL
(LOCAL TARGETS)
Approved For Rel«£ls^|r03/0A0e<ip|7B1[p>f&-00787R000500150001-2
Approved For Rele^feM^fe/ASCWfaFpWOysyROOOSOOISOOOl^
Appendix A
STANDARD REMOTE- VIEWING PROTOCOL
(LOCAL TARGETS)
The basic outline of our standard remote-viewing protocol
is
as
given
in our
tutorial
paper,
"A Perceptual
Channel
for
Information
Transfer over Kilometer Distances:
Historical Perspective and Recent
Research,”
H,
Puthoff and
R.
Targ,
Proc.
IEEE,
pp.
329-354,
March
1976.
The elements
of
the protocol,
each
of which
is addressed below,
consist
of
(1)
target pool selection;
(2)
subject orientation;
(3)
outbound
investigator
behavior;
(4)
inbound
investigator behavior;
(5)
post-
experiment
feedback;
(6)
judging procedure.
1.
Target
Pool
Selection
To carry out an experimental
series
of,
say,
n trials with a
subject,
a
list
of targets » n should be prepared in advance by an
investigator who will not
interact with the subject after
that.
The
targets
should be chosen
to be distinctive ,
but not necessarily distinct
from each other;
that
is,
rather
than just
a collection
of nondescript
street corners
one should select bridges,
towers,
fountains,
gardens,
plazas,
etc.,
so that
a judge could
in principle recognize targets
on
the basis
of correct but sketchy descriptions.
On the other
hand,
once
having chosen a fountain- type target,
there should be several
fountain
targets;
for
a bridge
target,
several bridge targets,
etc.,
in order
to
avoid
the possible subject strategy of "I had a bridge yesterday,
so
it
can't be
a bridge today,”
The
subject
should be told explicitly that
there are similar as well as different
types
of
targets.
When
the
target
list
is made,
each target
location should be written
on
a card and placed
in an envelope,
the
envelopes randomized and
numbered.
These should then be stored
in a
secure safe
or similar
container.
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SStWHS0787^005001 50001 "2
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^ffPT^
7R000500150001 ~2
With regard
to whether
a target
is replaced
in the pool after
use,
the! preferable procedure,
from a methodological
standpoint,
is
to
replace
it.
(A problem with actual replacement
is
that
the subject,
upop becoming aware of a mental
image of a previous
target,
might be
biased
to reject
it
as memory.
An acceptable alternative
is
to replace
a used target by a new one of similar
type--e.g.,
one fountain by
another.
)
2.
Subject Orientation
Before
the experiment,
the subject should be shown some previous
rembte- viewing results with one goal
in mind-- to get across
the
idea
that
one should,
as nearly as
possible,
report raw perception rather
than analysis,
since
the former
tends
to be correct and
the
latter
is
I
*
almost always wrong.
A subject needs
to understand
that
a rounded piece
of blue metal
is
just
that,
and
that he should not initially try to
determine what
it
is.
Remind the subject
that imagination constitutes
noise
in the channel,
and therefore the closer he can get
to raw uninter
preited
imagery,
the better.
To have success
in the above,
the best
guideline we have found
is
to choose as subjects
individuals who are
self-confident,
uninhibited,
successful,
and not afraid
to be wrong.
No psychological
test we have investigated
is
as reliable as
the above
subjective assessment
in choosing subjects.
3.
i
Outbound Imres tigator Behavior
At
the start
of an experimental
session,
the inbound and outbound
investigators and subject should rendevous
for
a relaxed
informal
dis-
cussion
in the
laboratory setting.
(The outbound
investigator
or
Figures
3 and 4
in the
IEEE paper
are good examples.
In Figure 4 the
subject had absolutely no concept of a pedestrian overpass,
but simply
saw a pattern of receding squares;
in Figure
3 correctly-dimensioned
pools
of water were misinterpreted as purification plant pools rather
than recreational
swimming pools.
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Approved For Release
.87R000500150001-2
)3/Q9/Q9
CLA-J
Table A-2
(Concluded)
Number
of Targets
=
10;
SUM
OF
RANKS
3 0
4 3
Number
of Transcripts =
P-VALUE
0 .1 00 00E-C9
0 .110 00E-08
C .660008-08
0 .286008-07
0 .100 108-06
0 .300308-06
0 *80080 F- 06
0*19448 F -05
0 *437588.-05
0 . 923 78 F- 05
0 .184758-04
0 .35261F-04
0 *645 5 9 F. - 04
0 .114128-03
0.195128-03
0 .323878-03
0*523178-03
0 .824188-03
0.12686F-02
0 .191068-02
0 .281978-02
0 .408258-02
0.580 4 9 F - 0
0 .811338-02
0.111568-01
0.151038-01
0.201438-01
0 .264848-01
0.343478-01
0 .43960F-01
0 .555528-01
0 .693458-01
0.855418-01
0.10432F
0 .125818
0.150118
0.177258
0.2 0721 F
0 • 239878
0.275068
0.312558
0.352028
0.39311F
0.435388
0.478388
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Approved For Release 2003/09/09
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UNCLASSIFIED
Appendix
B
SUMMARY OF KEY EXPERIMENTS
IN LONG-DISTANCE
COORDINATE REMOTE VIEWING GENERATED FOR THIS PROGRAM
DURING PREVIOUS YEAR
(U)
Approved For Rel|j^glj/0^0^gCI>^RI^P96-00787R000500150001-2
Approved For Release 2003/09/09
: CIA-RDP96-00787R000500150001-2
unclassified
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UNCLASSIFIED
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UNCLASSIFIED
Approved For Release 2003/09/09
: CIA-RDP96-00787R000500150001-2