Approved For Release 2001/04/02 : A RDP96-00788R002000230004-2 - If one or two participants show a significant RP capability as defined on page 5 , further experiments will be considered to determine if the capability can be transferred, or detected to be present in enough individuals for military consideration. -~ If any observed effect seems to be inconstant - on again, off again - the data will be analyzed to seek correlations which might explain the fluctuation. A limited number of additional tests might be necessary to validate possible causes. (U) It is understood that any experimentation not covered by this document will be subject to the same course of review before implementation. 6. (S) PARTICIPANTS (S) Some relation between remote perturbation and remote viewing might be expected since in ordinary physical interactions information about the state of a system (as in RV) can be obtained only by way of some interaction with the system, which in some cases is Supplied by the observer. We might therefore expect an observable dependence between RV and RP under certain conditions. For this reason, we plan to seek only experienced remote viewers to participate in this investigation, and we will work with no more than nine individuals. All participants are to ‘be in general good health, as determined by a standard employment physical examination. (S) The US Army Missile Command (MICOM), Army Materiel Systems Analysis Agency (AMSAA), and SRI International have individuals who are presently, o have past experience in, participating in remote viewing experiments. The MICOM and AMSAA participants are government employees. The SRI participants are consultants or members of the SRI staff and will work if selected in a contractual arrangement. Only those individuals who indicate a positive desire to participate, after familiarization with the remote perturbation experiments and procedures, will be accepted into the RP program. The information and consent form to be used is included as Appendix D. Some of these participants will have had some familiarity with RP experiments of a similar nature. . The difference in levels of naivete among the RP participants 10 DIS SEMINATION AND EXTRACTION SABLE TO FOREIGN AE Pes TaTATe M OMPROLLED BY MOTT ONAL PRORORBU For Release Zootloang ‘S JA.RDRUG-007EBROSZODIE0004-2 Sh ie
Approved For Release 2001/08 hose batien06-00788R002000230004-2 will be offset by the oral and written briefing material (see Appendix D) and by the four-month pilot period. (S) The total duration of Phase II of the investigation is six months. Experiment sessions will take place during the normal work week and will not exceed 1/2 hour length each. There will be no more than two sessions per day, one in the morning and one in the afternoon. The total number of trials by any individual during the pilot period and the ultimate contribution of 100 trials will not exceed 300. This should require approximately 30 half- hour sessions from each participant. (U) A medical doctor will be briefed on the program and will be available during all periods of experimentation on a standby basis. Appendix E describes the available medical facilities, the procedures employed, and insurance coverage applicable to the various participants. (S) Participants will be debriefed as follows: - Session Debriefing: At the end of each experi- mental session, the subject will be given all the data available pertaining to that group of trials. Any statistical significance or lack thereof will also be clearly explained to him. - Experiment Débriefing: At the conclusion of experimental testing, a final unclassified report will be prepared, summarizing all results from the experiment, together with any conclusions or scientific findings that may have come out of the study. The report will be given to each participating subject. Finally, any remaining questions that the subjects may have about the experiment will be answered. - Specific Debriefing Protocols: We do not anticipate that participation in these experiments will have any effect on the day-to- day life of the subjects. This study is a purely intellectual activity, and we believe that the debriefing provided by the final technical report will be a suitable termination of the experiment for the subject. 7. (S) FACILITIES (U) The. MICOM experiment is to take place in Building 7770, Redstone 4 DIStr TATION. AND EXTRACTION OF 1) TONMATION CONTROLLED, BY TRE BLE TO FOREIGN a MA TTOMPPIBRSEALOr Release 2001/04/02 .G1A-RDPSE=60788R062660290004-2 WATIO
Approved For Release ooo etus : OFT RDP96-00788R002000230004-2 Arsenal, Alabama. A three-room suite is being adapted to suit the purposes of the test, (S) The room to be used by the RP participants for this work is a comfortable, carpeted, air-conditioned environment. It is lit by a combina- tion of fluorescent fixtures in the ceiling and incandescent table lamps. There is a couch, an easy chair, and four tables. The computer graphics terminal stands on one of these tables. The participant will be seated on a conventional reclining swivel chair. (S) In an adjacent room, the random event generators, computational equipment, programmable terminals and associated peripheral equipment will be installed. This room may be secured independently from the rest of the facility. (U) The third room is a foyer with costumer, receptionists's desk and filing cabinets. (U) Standby medical facilities are described in Appendix E. DISSEMINATION AND EXTRACTION NOT RELT \SABLE TO FORLICN ar Setar STROLLED BY NATIONALS (MOFORM). ORIGINATOR (ORCON) Approved For Release 2001/04/02 “CIA-RDP96-00788R002000230004-2
Approved For Release 2004/04/02": CTA FDPP6-00788R002000230004-2 APPENDIX A DATA BASE FOR RNG EXPERIMENTS Approved For Release 2001/04/02 : CIA-RDP96-00788R002000230004-2 * Sf Mm re a rr a er ae tC ee an ~
Approved For Release 2001/08 : CIA-RDP96-00788R002000230004-2 (S) APPENDIX A: DATA BASE FOR RNG EXPERIMENTS (U) i. (S) EARLY EXPERIMENTS (S) In 1976, H. Schmidt? reported that he had observed significant perturbations by psychoenergetic means, of an otherwise binary (0,1) random sequence that was derived from the beta decay of strontium 90 90cR, The binary sequence was produced by the random interruption of a high speed binary electronic clock when an electron from the 905 decay was detected. The sequence generation rate was approximately 1/S. (S) In this experiment, individuals were asked to focus their attention on the electronic system by remote viewing the noise source, and monitoring any effects that occurred by watching the random walk of a display light feedback system. (A circular array of lights was used to indicate the state of the interrupted clock by advancing the position of the activated light Clockwise for each logical. "1" and counterclockwise for each "0", ) (S) When individuals focused their attention on the apparatus, the resulting binary (0,1) sequence was found to contain only 49.1% one's. Since the total sequence had a length of over 32,000 bits, the deficit of one's was highly significant. The probability of such a result occurring by chance is less than one in a thousand. ‘Furthermore, during extensive control runs when no individual was focusing his attention on the electronic hardware, the system performed according to the usual binomial statistic, and showed no statistical effect. The original paper describing this experiment is inclosed at the end of this appendix. 2. (S) TOTAL RNG DATA BASE (S) As of 1978, a total of 54 experiments of this type had been reported in the literature (see Table 1). Of these, 35 reported significant departure from chance expectation, and none reported similar effects during control runs. We can summarize the data base generated in these experiments as follows: a. (S) The generation rate extended from a few per second to 300 per second. DISSEMINATION AND EXTRACTION NOT RELEASABLE TO FOREIGN OF INFORMATION CONTROLLED BY DANG HS OP PBWRelease 2001/04/02 : CIA-RDPSB-UOFBBHUD 260S3N004-2 ee
Approved For Release sot : CIA-RDP96-00788R002000230004-2 b. (S) The sequence lengths varied from 10° to 10° bits. , Cc. (S) Beta decay and thermal noise were used as sources of randomness. d. (S) The effects (deviation from 50% chance expectation) were on the order of 1% to 5%. e. (S) Control runs did not yield results which differ signifi- cantly from chance expectation. ND EXTRACTION piss SEMINATION a NTROLLED BY NOT RELEASABLE TO FOREIGN NATIONAYS LNOROWD Release 2001/04/02 “ClA- RDB GREER OSE Moos. 2
t ’ Approved For Release 2001/04/02 : CIA-RDP96-00788R002000230004-2 “rhe Journal or Parapsychology ee VOLUME 34 SEPTEMBER 1970 NUMBER 3 OS A PK TEST WITH ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT By Heimur Scummpr Ra6F RET The subjects in this research were tested for their psychokinetie ability by' means of an electronic apparatus made up of a random number gen- erator (RNG) connected with « display panel. The RNG produced random se quences of two numbers which were determined by a simple quantum process (the decay of radioactive strontium-90 nuclei). The essential aspect of the display panel was a circle of nine lamps which lighted one at a time in the clockwise (+1) direction or the counterclockwise (~1) direction depending on which of the two numbers the RNG produced. The subject's task was to choose either the clockwise or counterclockwise motion and try by PK to make the light proceed ” in that direction. . One run was made up of 128 “jumps” of the light, and there were four runs per session. In a preliminary series of 216 runs, the 18 subjects had a pegative deviation of 129 hits. Accordingly, the main series was expected to give negative scores, and 2 negative attitude was encouraged ariong the subjects, Fifteen sub- jects carried out 256 mums, with e significant negative deviation of 302 hits ~ The RNG was checked for randomness throughout the experiment and was Poe, found to be adequate-—Ed, ‘ . rr errr tener ence In previous work (4, 5) the author was able to get significant ev- idence of precognition in which the testing apparatus was an elec- tronic device based on a simple quantum process. The present experiment was an attempt to get significant evidence of psychoki- nesis by the use of a similar apparatus. The basic part of the apparatus was a binary random number generator which produced the numbers “-++-1” and “—1” in random sequence, and the general objective was to have the subjects try to mentally influence the generator to produce one of the two numbers more frequently than the other. “NOT RELEASABLE T0 FOREIGR DISSEMINATION AND EXTRACTION 18 AT INT CU MATION CON" LLED BY NATIONALS { PEMA For Release 2001/04/02 CIA-RDP96HOG7BBROA200R2ON)04-2
# Bd CPYRGHT NOT REE ASABE TO FOREIGN CINA 176 ' The Journal of Parapsychology The most easily available random generators, which have been used in many PK experiments, are a rolled die and a flipped coin. In comparison with these, an electronic random generator, the op- eration of which most of the subjects cannot understand, may at. first thought seem psychologically unfavorable. Results of experiments with complex targets (3, p. 142), however, suggest that PK is:goal ” oriented in the sense that results can be obtained by concentrating on the goal only, no matter how complicated the intermediate steps may seem to the rationalizing mind. A definite advantage of an elec- tronic apparatus is that it permits a psychologically challenging for- mulation of the goal. In the present experiment the random number generator (RNG). was connected with a display panel showing a circle of nine amps. One lamp was lit at a time, and each generated “41” or “—1” caused the light to jump one step in the clockwise or counterclockwise direction, respectively. The subjects were not - asked to try to force the generator to produce more -+1’s than —1's but, rather, to force the light on the panel to make more jumps in’ one direction or the other. Both tasks are certainly equivalent, but the Jatter seems psychologically much more appealing to most sub- jects. A further obvious advantage of electionic test equipment is that the detailed results can be automatically recorded and evaluated and that one can work, if desired, at high speeds. The particular type of random generator used here was chosen partly for practical and partly for theoretical] reasons. The sequence in which the random numbers are produced is determined by simple quantum processes, the decays of radioactive strontium-90 nuclei. The electrons emitted in this decay trigger a Geiger counter, and the random times at which electrons are registered at the Geiger counter decide the generated numbers. Practically, the generator is easy to build, and the randomness of the generated numbers hase been found to be very good. Furthermore, the simplicity of the gen- erator allows a complete theoretical] discussion (6) of its random- . ness properties; and in addition, one’can say fairly well at which point the random elernent in tht number generation comes in. The generator is essentially deterministic except for the random decay times of the nuclei. The use of simple quantum jumps to provide randomness is, for Dist cr ‘(ORCON) . Approved For Release 2001/04/02 : CIA-RDP96-00788R002000230004-2 Etaaee ATION AND | EXTRACTION STROLLED BY haATAppEp ved Sr Release ovapeegeqae B5TRURGDRdSozs0004 2
_ Approved For Release 2001/04/02 : CIA-RDP96-00788R002000230004-2 CPYRGHT A PK Test with Electronic Equipment 177 the theorist, a rather natural choice, since these processes are as- sumed by physicists to be nature’s most elementary source of — ‘randomness, and some psi tests utilizing quantum processes have already been reported (1, 2). Certainly, the outcome of a die throw-~ ‘is also largely determined by microscopic : ‘quantum processes. The .. | thermal vibrations of the surface and the air fluctuations at an atomic . « Jevel co-determine the generated die face. The process in this case ~ ‘is much more complicated, however, since many more factors con- tribute to the end result. APPARATUS 4 The test equipment consisted of a binary random number gen ae erator and a display pandl., , Random Number Ciicrator Bo | The RNG, which was similar to the one desctibed in connection with earlier precognition experiments (4, 5, 6), can produce se a quences of binary random numbers of any specified length. Electrons emitted by the strontium-90 decay trigger a Geiger counter and the “ momentary position of a binary high frequency counter at the time of the electron registration determines whether a “+1” ora “—1” is generated. The numbers of electrical pulses produced on the +1 output and the —1 output are recorded by two electromechanical reset counters, and the complete sequence of generated numbers is recorded on paper punch tape. _ Randomness Tests Because of the simplicity of the circuitry, the degree of random- ness to be expected of the RNG can be discussed in detail (6) and it can be shown to be much greater than required by the experiment. The electronic circuitry is designed so that variations in the characteristics of the components cannot impair the randomness. In . order to guard against any gross malfunctions, the proper electronic operation was tested frequently. Furthermore, tiie randomness. of _ _ the generated number sequence was tested experimentally. For this - purpose, a. sequence of four million numbers, generated on many SWGRE 3 vissommarion ann Exmraction NOT RELEASABLE TO FOREIGN OF INFORMATION CONTROLLED BY DANS MEV EP HBP Release 2001/04/02 > ClA-RDP96- Breer bez ob250000. 2 f
Smee ee ee ee “ . Approved For Release 2001/04/02 : CIA-RDP96-00788R002000230004-2 CPYRGHT : | : oe , : | 178, The Journal. of Parapsychology... ... ; = different days, was recorded on paper tape. Then for the whole se- quence the numbers N+, N~ of generated +1’s and —1’s were counted and were found to be consistent with randomness, as was the total number of flips (F); ie.) events where a +1 ‘was followed by a —1 or vice versa. The same procedure was applied to the 400 number sequences obtained by cutting the whole sequence into blocks of 10,000 numbers each. A goodness-of-fit test verified that the 400 values for +1 and —1, and the 400 values for F were con- sistent with their expected normal distribution, 7 Display Panel In testing with this apparatus, the two above-mentioned counters for the numbers of generated ++1’s and —1’s could serve as the only display, i.e., the (visual) focusing point toward which the subject could have directed his PK efforts. In this case, the subject might try to enforce mentally on the +1 counter a higher number of counts than on the —1 counter. It seemed desirable, however, to use a psy- chologically more stimulating display in the form of a pane) with nine lamps arranged in a circle and connected to the RNG by a 30- foot long cable. One of the nine Jamps was lighted at a time; and each time the RNG produced a signal, the light advanced one step in the clockwise or the counterclockwise direction according to whether the signal came to the -+-1 or the —1 output. Thus the light performed a “random walk” among the nine lamps. Rather than di- rect his PK toward the counters, then, the subject generally tried to “will” the light on the display panel to-advance in an overall clockwise motion. Some of the subjects, however, preferred to force the light in the counterclockwise direction. For them the two signal wires from the RNG to the display panel were interchanged by flipping a switch on the display panel so that a count on the -+-1 counter was displayed as a jump of the light in the counterclockwise direction. Thus, for — all subjects, a jump of the Jamp in the preferred direction, whether: clockwise or counterclockwise, was registered on the Td counter. Test PROCEDURE eee ee tescetsetet ae Fre. h The subjects in this experiment were members of the Institute for Parapsychology plus a few visitors. During a test session, the DISSEMINATION AND EXTRACTION ELEASABLE TO FOREIGN OO EIN RATION CONTROLLE NATIONALS (NOFORR), age CRIGINATOR (ORC iD BY Approved For Release 2001/0 IA-RDP96- 00788R002000230 04-2 21
. Approved For Release 20Q14/ , CIA-RDP96-00788R002000230004-2 |CPYRGHT 77 we | A PK Test with Electronic Equipment — 179 . sd. subject sat in a dark closet with the display panel in front of him, | en The RNG and the experimenter were stationed in the room outside the closet. : : : Each testing session comprised 4 runs of 128 counts (steps in - | the random walk). A run took approximately two minutes. The oo machine stopped automatically after the one hundred and twenty- eighth count. There were short breaks, mostly between one-half and. _ two minutes, between the runs, i 7 | At the beginning of each run, the subject, having decided in. _— which direction (clockwise or counterclockwise) he wanted to in-: fluence the ight to go, set a switch on the panel accordingly. Then Dod . the experimenter turned on the start switch, causing the RNG to { generate 128 random numbers. At the end of each mm, the experi- \ menter recorded the readings of the +1 counter and —1 counter. The correctness of the counter readings was later checked with the sequence of generated numbers recorded on the paper punch tape. From the experimenter’s point of view, the subject's goal was att always to produce a high number of +1 counts. From the subject's viewpoint the equivalent goal was to influence the light in the di- rection desired and indicated by the position of the switch on the display’ panel. The subject was permitted to flip the switch during the course of a min so as to change the direction in which he wanted the hits displayed, but only a few subjects actually took advantage of the op- portunity. With this arrangement, the subject could have had the impression that he was doing a test in precognition (by setting the switch in the direction in which he thought the light would move on the next jump) while he was actually doing a PK test. PRELIMINARY SERIES There were 18 subjects in the preliminary series and they carried out a total of 54 sessions, each subject contributing from one to seven sessions. The total score was a negative deviation of 129 hits below chance expectation out of 216 runs; CR = 1.55. These results in- clude one subject who obtained a high positive score of 52 hits above chance in 16 runs (CR = 2.3). DISSLMITATICN AND EATRACTION NOt RELEASABLE TO FOREIGN aperet OF INFORMATION CONTROLLED BY NATIONALS (NOFORN) ORIGINATOR (ORCON) Approved For Release 2001/04/02 : CIA-RDP96- -00788R002000230004-2 22
'. Approved For Release 2001/04/02 : CIA-RDP96-00788R002000230004-2 CPYRGHT . 180 The Journal of Porapsychology _., Marx. Serigs , F re a. It was expected o1 on the basis of the preliminary results that by |, leaving out the one high-scoring subject, an overall significantly :} : negative score would be obtained in the main series. In order toem- jf; =. . -: J phasize the negative scoring, some subjects were asked to associaté ‘| ' _ ; feelings of pessimism and failure. with the experiment. The more jf- osc... oa negative-scoring subjects weré used more frequently, and a few | ‘ new subjects were allowed to contribute only after preliminary tests : had suggested a negative scoring tendency.- - - - - The total length of ‘the experiment was set in advance at 64 ses- sions of four runs each. It was not determined in advance, however, ... | how many sessions each individual subject should contribute. Alto- gether there were 15 subjects and they contributed between one and 10 sessions each.” Although the proper randomness of the generator had been tested extensively, as mentioned before, a further safeguard against a pos- my cr sible bias of the generator was introduced. After the first half of the + confirmatory test was completed the two outputs of the generator were internally interchanged. Thus, even a constant bias in the gen- erator could not have caused the total si gnif cant score to be reported. A total of 256 runs in this part of the experiment yielded a neg- ative deviation of 302 hits (CR = 3.33; P < .001, two-tailed). Of the 64 sessions, 46 gave below-chance scores, 15 above-chance scores, and three were just at chance level (CR = 4.0). Of the 256 runs, - 147 were below chance, 92 above chance, and 17 at chance level (CR = 3.55). These three CR values are certainly not independent, . but they do emphasize the consistency of the results. A post hoc analysis of the data showed two types of decline effect: more negative scoring in the second half of each run than in the first; and more negative scoring in the second half (the third and fourth runs) of each session than in the first half (first two | runs). The decline results, however, are suggestive rather than sta- tistically significant: Deviation for, pooled. first. half of the run: 91 . Deviation for pooled second half of the run: —211 | Deviation for the pooled first half of the session: —83 Deviation for the pooled second half of the session: —219 me : tO EXTRACTIO NOT RELEASABLE TO FOREIGN OF INFORMATION CONTROLLED BY HATIONAWE SPS. For Release 2001/04/02 : CIA-RDFUS-O07BBR 0000033 0004-2
ve & Sy Approved For Release 2001/04/02 : CIA-RDP96-00788R002000230004-2 CPYRGHT A PK Test with Electronic Equipment . 181 Leg Discussion,  * * — The result of the experiment shows that the binary random num- | ber generator had no bias for generation of +-1’s or —1 ’s as long as it ! was left unattended (in the randomness tests) but that it displayed a __ significant bias when the test subjects concentrated on the display panel, wishing for an increased generation rate of one number. og The experiment has been discussed in terms of PK; but in prin- ~  * j ciple the result could certainly also be ascribed to precognition on the part of the experimenter or the subject. Since the sequence of generated numbers depended critically on the time when! the test run began, and since the experimenter, in consensus with the sub- ject, decided when to flip the start switch, precognition might have - prompted experimenter and subject to start the run at a time which favored scoring in a certain direction. } If the PK interpretation is appropriate, the results jimply the action of PK at some distance, since the generator was separated from the subject by a wall and only the display panel whs close to. the subject. oo, REFERENCES - Betorr, J., and Evans, L. A radioactivity test of psychokinesis. J. Soc. psych. Res., 1961, 41, 41-46. . Cuauvin, R., and Gexrson, J. Eine Untersuchung tiber die Mog- lichkeit psychokinetischer Experimente mit Uranium und Geigerzahler [An investigation of the possibility of PK experiments with ura- nium and a Geiger counter). Zeitschrift fir Porapsychologie und Grenzgebiete der Psychologie, 1965, 8, 140-47. - oo rs . Raine, L. E. Mind Over Matter. New York: Macmillan, 1970... _. - Scumipr, H, Anomalous prediction of quantum processes by some human subjects. Document D1-82-0821 (1969). Boeing Scientific oo Research Laboratories, Seattle, Washington, Available from Clear (78° ing House, U.S. Dept. Commerce, Springfield, Va. - soo » ScuMipt, H. Precognition of a quantum process. J. Paropsychol., 1969, 33, 99-108, . . Scumipt, H. Quantum-mechanical random-number generator. J. . app, Physics, 1970, 41 (No. 2), 462-68. Institute for Parapsychology a a oe College Station + at daw Satarshees far 27 elo. - Durham, N.C. 27708 : . ; DISSEMINATION AND EXTRACTION . FP INFORMATION CONTROLLED BY NOT RELEASABLE TO FOREIGN - eeeRET ORIGINATOR (ORCON). NATIONALS (NOFORN), Approved For Release 2001/04/02 : CIA-RDP96-00788R002000230004-2
ve . ‘ Ag een ee eed pai Approved For Release s001/dalo2 ‘CIA-RDP96-00788R002000230004-2 APPENDIX B DESCRIPTION OF EXPERIMENTS UNCLASSIFIZD Approved For Release 2001/04/02’? CIA-RDP96-00788R002000230004-2
Approved For Release 20010405 : SE p96-00788R002000230004-2 (S) APPENDIX B: DESCRIPTION OF EXPERIMENTS (U) 1. (S) GENERAL (S) We intend to replicate the type of experiments that are repre- sented by the data base discussed ‘in Appendix A, These experiments are to be carried out, however, under conditions more rigorously controlled. As with the earlier experiments, our proposed experiments contain three basic elements: a. (S) Noise sources - beta decay, noise diode. b. (S) Analysis and recording techniques ~ LSI-11, floppy- disk-based microcomputer. c. (S) Feedback display - video system. (S) In this section, we describe the assumptions and the independent and dependent variables that are implied in such an experiment. This section also contains an outline of the hardware and software components of the complete random number generator system. 2. (S) ASSUMPTIONS (S)} The characteristics of this hypothesized remote perturbation Process are completely unknown. The data base suggests that the putative effect is quite small, so it is reasonable to make a few assumptions about our experiments: a. (S) The analysis hardware (LSI-11 microcomputer), the recording device (floppy disk system), and the display devices (computer-driven video monitors) are to first order assumed to be stable against remote perturbation processes, the effect being assumed to be isolated within the random noise Sources exclusively (an assumption that can be checked during the course of experimentation); .b. (S) The source of the remote perturbation is assumed to be the human participant. Evidence to date tends to support these assumptions. 3. (S) INDEPENDENT VARIABLES 7 SADEEENDENT VARIABLES (S) There are three primary independent variables that may be varied . DISSEMINATION AND EXTRACTION NOT RELEASABLE TO FOREIGN 26 OP INRTORM ATION con BY NOFORN). . ORIGINATOR (ORC cae ee Approved For Release 200 waGEE oro: 60788R00200023 004- 2
Approved For Release 2001/04/02 : CIA-RDP96-00788R002000230004-2 during the course of the investigation: participant/no participant; source variation (beta decay, noise diode, pseudo random; and feedback display variation. 4, (S) DEPENDENT VARIABLES ee VEAL BO (S) There is only one dependent variable, namely the output of the statistical analysis of the binary bit stream derived from the noise source, 5. (S) HARDWARE (S) An electronic instrument that is designed to be sensitive to remote perturbation processes contains three basic elements: sources of randomness, an analysis capability, and a feedback mechanism. We propose to integrate these components with our existing Digital Equipment Corporation LSI-11/2 microcomputer system. Figure 1 shows a block diagram for such a system, a. (S) Random Sources: ; (S) We will consider three types of random sources: an electronic noise disk, a radioactive (beta) decay source, and a pseudo-random feedback shift register. (1) Electronic Noise Diode: In a preliminary design effort carried out in another program, we have determined a suitable electronic noise diode. The diode, first constructed by Haitz,°° is well understood from the quantum mechanical point of view. (2) Radioactive Beta Decay Source: We propose to design a binary noise source derived from the beta decay of carbon 14 (Ae) and pro- Metheum 147 (147pR R). We have chosen these isotopes since they are 100% beta emitters with no competing decay modes, and thus provide a simple radio- active decay spectrum. To insure isolation from spurious power line transients we plan to use battery-operated surface barrier detector with charge-sensitive preamplifier and associated shaping circuitry to produce the random binary noise signal. This and the electronic noise source will be optically coupled to the LSI-11. (3) Pseudo-Random Shift Register: To act as a control noise XTRACTION z FOREIGN 27 DISSEMINATION AND E NATIONALS (NOFORN) OE INFORMATION CONTROLLED BY Approved For Release 2001/04, 2 04-2
Approved For Release 2001/04, SOURCE ANALYSIS + CONTROL 16-BIT LSI-11 COMPUTER ELECTRON DECAY SHIFT REGISTER DP96-00788R002000230004-2 FEEDBACK COLOR GRAPHICS FEEDBACK GRAPHICS TABLET VIDEO RECORDER FIGURE 1: BLOCK DIAGRAM OF A COMPUTER-BASED INSTRUMENT DESIGNED TO BE SENSITIVE TO REMOTE PERTURBATION PROCESSES , P EXTRACTION DISSEMINATION AND EXTRAC’ VITA TD KO LUE BY NOT RELEASABLE TO FOREIGN OF INFORMATION CCNTROLLED NATIONALS (NOFORN). Approved For Release 200 ryt? ; ORIGINATOR (ORCON)) -RDP96-00788R002000230004-2
e Approved For Release 2001/04/02 : CIA-RDP96-00788R002000230004-2 Source we will optically couple a standard pseudo-random shift register to the LSI-11. The binary output of such a device has the property that although the sequence meets a number of eriteria for randomness, the sequence is deterministic, once the starting seed for the register is given. b. (S) Analysis: (S) The analysis and control portion of the system consists of an existing project LSI-11 microcomputer. To obtain an input, the LSI-11 is programmed to sample one of the noise sources at a specified rate to obtain its random bits. A sequence of such samples is tested by the LSI-11 for an excess or deficiency of one's on a continuous basis, using a sequential analysis statistical technique. °+?92 The sequential analysis technique is an extremely efficient technique for determining whether the output of the binary random generator contains a distribution of zero's and one's as ex- pected for an unperturbed source, or is distorted due to, say, RP influence. The principal advantage of the sequential sampling technique as compared with other methods is that, on average, fewer bits per final decision are vequired (roughly 50%) for an equivalent degree of reliability. (S) Before we are able to detect that the random output of the binary generator has been distorted, we must a priori define how much distortion we require to conclude that there is an effect, and what statistical risks we are willing to accept for making an incorrect decision as to whether the disturbation under consideration is indeed distorted. To meet these criteria sequential analysis requires the specification of four parameters to determine from which of two-binomial distributions under consideration (distorted or undistorted) a data sample belongs. The four parameters are: Po» the fraction of one's expected in an undistorted distribution (e.g., 50%); P4> the fraction of one's assigned a priori to define a distorted distribution (e.g., 60%); a, the a priori assigned acceptable probability for concluding that the random source is perturbed (Py distribution) when in fact it is not perturbed, i.e., the correct distribution is the P, one (Type I error); B, the a priori assigned acceptable probability for concluding that the random source is unperturbed (Py distribution) when in fact it is perturbed (P, distribution), i,e., the ‘0 FOREIGN 29 SEMINATION AND EXTRACTION TATTOWALS (NOFORN) OF INFORMATION CONTROLLED BY Approved For Release 2001/04/02 CLOW ABAROG2COTLIVED 4-2 eet con
—SeeREr Approved For Release 2001/04/02 : CIA-RDP96-00788R002000230004-2 correct distribution is the P, one (Type II error). With the parameters thus specified, the sequential sampling procedure provides for construction of a decision graph as shown in Figure 2. The decision graph gives a rule of procedure for making one of three possible decisions following the sampling of each bit: continue sampling before making a decision (Region I in Figure 2); label the Sequence as undistorted; label the sequence as distorted (Region III), (S) Sampling rules can be defined for the nth sample: - Sample the binary sequence - Sum the numbers of one's to date - If the sum of one's lies in Region . I, then do Step 1. - If the sum lies in Region II, stop the run, concluding that the binary sequence is de- rived from the undistorted Po distribution, - If the sum lies in Region III, stop the run, concluding that the binary sequence is derived from the distorted P4 distribution. Utilization of the above statistical procedure permits analysis of the binary noise sequence for excess one's or zero's by the most efficient techniques currently possible. ec. (S) Display: (S) The feedback display to the participant consists of two independent color video channels. The output from the computer analysis of the binary bit stream will "drive! some interesting aspect to the video image. The second channel may be connected to a video recorder for later off-line analysis, d. (S) Hardware Redundancy: (S) Using a computer system such as the one described above as a possible detector of remote perturbation, it is important to have as much hardware redundancy as possible. Particularly in the areas of data recording and feedback display. As was stated above, the most likely assumptions for 5, ra TATION AND EXTRACTION HOT RELZASABLE TO FORELGN 30 DIS SSE Wan tot raN CONTROLLED BY SATIONALS (NOFORN), | ik : Approved For Release 2001/04/02.; a ‘SOY BRb0Sg30250004- 2
oa Approved For Release 2001/04/02 : CIA-RDP96-00788R002000230004-2 REGION ITT REGION II ACCUMULATED NUMBER OF ONE'S SEQUENTIAL ANALYSIS OF A BINARY SEQUENCE ° (Py = .50, Py = .60, @ = B = .05)_ 0 50 100 150 200 SAMPLES FIGURE 2: IF THR ACCUMULATED NUMBER OF L's ENTERS REGION III, THE SEQUENCE IS ACCEPTED AS PERTURBED. If it enters Region II, the sequence is accepted as unperturbed, and no decision is made while the accumulated number of 1's remains in Region I. HOT RELEASABLE TO FOREIGN DISSEMEN ATION CONTROLLED, BY. \ MartOlRpproved For Release 2001/04/02: CIA-RD R600 788R00@DU0290004-2
Approved For Release 2001/0 : CIA-RDP96-00788R002000230004-2 experiments of this type are that the recording and display hardware are stable with respect to remote perturbation processes. It is possible to examine partially the validity of these assumptions with suitable hardware redundancy. We plan to record the raw noise data prior to analysis, and to record the feedback display on video tape during the experiment, using the second channel of the display facility. After the participant has left the area, a comparison can be made between the actual display during the experiment and the display which is now generated from the recorded raw data of the experiment. If there is a disagreement, we are able to isolate the perturbation to the analysis display (as opposed to source) hardware. An agreement between the two displays is an indication that the inttial assumptions are valid. DISSEMINATION AND EXTRACLION OF INFORMATION CONTROLLED BY SOP ROLCASABLE 10 FORSIGN ORIGINATOR (ORCON),; : PRETO Sproved Pur Release 2001/04/02,; CIA-RDP96-00788R002000230004-2 abe, aa :
aa ae PECLAS SILO Approved For Release 2004/04/02 : CIA-RDP96-00788R002000230004.2 APPENDIX ¢C AN OUTLINE OF TESTING PROCEDURES TO BE USED IN PHASE I 33 Approved For Release 200 NCAOR S Se FHPP96-00788R002000230004-2
UNCLASSIFiZ5 Approved For Release 2001/04/02 : CIA-RDP96-00788R002000230004-2 d. Sequential Analysis Using tested computer algorithms for random number generation, Monte-Carlo test the sequential analysis formalism. e. Computer and Display Sub-System (1) As there appears to be no evidence to the contrary, we will assume that the manufacturer's specifications of mean-time-between-failure to be an approximate measure of these sub-systems' susceptibility to-possible environmental factors such as geophysical phenomena and cosmic rays. (2) We shall consider what thresholds must be exceeded before extreme environmental factors such as gamma irradiation become important. (3) These sub-systems must, of course, meet the usual acceptance eriteria applied to such apparatus before they are declared operational. 3. COMPLETED SYSTEM TESTING Once the total system meets design specifications and is decloared Operational, a complete series of tests will be initiated. a. Each of the "true" random sources will be subjected to at least the following statistical tests. - Frequency test - FFT tests — ~ Serial test - Gap tests - Yule test (5-digit sums) - Autocorrelations test - Conditional bit tests - p* test - Runs-of-length-n test ~ Sum-of-n test: - Maximum/minimum-of-n test b. The pseudo-random generator must produce the expected sequence. ce. All generators will be used individually in Monte-Carlo confirma- tions of the sequential analysis. d. Finally, the various procedures to be used in Phase II will be simulated with extensive Monte Carlo runs. Approved For Release 2001/04/02 : CIA-RDP96-00788R002000230004-2 UNCLASSIFICD
COLTTEDS Approved For Release 20d4 Rur07 éia- RDP96- 00788R002000230004-2 APPENDIX D VOLUNTEER CONSENT FORM Approved For Release 2001/04/02 : :Cla- RDP96- 00788R002000230004-2 Ui~eeies cor riiD
Approved For Release 2001/04/02 : CIA-RDP96-00788R002000230004-2 (S) APPENDIX D: VOLUNTEER CONSENT FORM (U) (S) INTRODUCTION (S) Each participant will be provided a written description of the experiment which contains essentially all the information in this document. If desired, any aspect of the experiment will be elaborated upon to the satisfaction of the participant. He will then be asked to sign the form shown on the following pages. Se ircrapeinaece mia OF INBORMATION CONTROLLLD BY MATIONALS (NOFORN) ORIGINATOR (ORCON) Approved For Release 2001/04/02 : €EIA-RDP96-00788R002000230004-2 aa
Approved For Release 2001/04/02: C “AR ee 2001 788R002000230004-2 VOLUNTEER CONSENT FORM I, » SSN ’ having attained my eighteenth (18th) birthday, and otherwise having full eapaeity to consent, do hereby volunteer to participate in this program to determine the nature, and posstble applications of in- herent psychic abtlittes. I have been provided documentation and oral elartfieation as destred by detatling all aspects of this program. I am thus aware of the following ttems and have initialed the swmmary statements on the reverse stde of this agreement. a. The nature, duration, purposes, and expected benefits of the program in whtch I will be participating. b b. The methods and means by which the program is to be eonducted; any methods and means that are expeimental will be tdenttfted as such.. C. The tneonventences, hazards, discomforts, risks or other effeets on my health or person which may posstbly come from my parttetpation in the program. d. The alternative procedures, if any, that might be employed to protect or further my health and well-being. I have been given an opportunity to ask questions concerning thie project and any such questtons have been answered to my full and complete satisfaction. I understand that I may at any time during the course of this project revoke my consent and withdraw from the study without prejudice; however, I may be requested to undergo certain further examinations, if, in the opinton of a qualtfied phystetan, such examinations are necessary for my health or wetl- betng. (Name) (Date) I was present during the explanation referred to above, as well as the volunteer's opportunity for questions, and hereby witness his stgnature. I am not involved in the program tn any way. (Name) Dated, ~ ++ AMT LALLA TION ‘ae hae 0788002000280 LQiLLED BY ORIGINATOR (ORCON),
Approved For Release 2001/04/02 : CIA-RDP96-00788R002000230004-2 1, (S) Explanation of the Experiments: The purpose of these experiments ts to determine the extent to which a person te able to mentally perturb or affect sensitive electronte equtpment. In this case a random number generator will control a variety of different video dis- plays generated by a small computer. Your interaction wtth the computer te to be by mental means alone. You will be asked to try to make changes in the video display; or, tn biofeedback terminology, to use passtve volition to produce the destred change. We are naming this interaction between a person and a remote system "remote perturbation", or "RP", for short. We ave endeavoring to both foster and understand these abilities. (S) In the course of these experiments, no drugs, hypnosis, psychopharmacologiecal agents of any kind, or subliminal stimulation wilt be used. 2. (S) Explanation of the Procedures: You will be asked to sit in a comfortably appointed environment on Redstone Arsenal (see photograph). A video display will be present which you may attend to tf you wish. In the course of a half-hour session, a number of electronically eontrotled runs will be carried out, in which you wtll be asked to try to cause a change on the video monitor, by an act of will. You will receive tmmedtate feedback, if you wish, to asstst you in gaining conscious control over the ‘ remote perturbation abilities we are examining. You wtLl be asked to participate in no more than one half-hour ‘session in the morning, and one half-hour session tn the afternoon. At any time, you may decline to take part in etther session, without prejudice to your continued parttetpattion in the program. 3. (S) Desertption of Reasonab ly-Expected Ineonventences, Hazards, Discomfort, Risks, or Other Effects: There ts no known evidence for any adverse effects or risks assocpated with participation in research of this type. Investigations such as these have been earried out in laboratortes for almost a hundred years tn the Untted States and in England, and there is no record of any type of hazard or discomfort to a partictpating subject. 4, (3) Deseription of Any Alternative Procedure that Might be Employed to Protect the Subject's Health: There ts no known risk to pro- tect against. 5. (S) Desertption of Alternative Advantages to_the Volunteer: He has opportunity to gain econsetous control over otherwise latent or un- consetous processes within himself. 6. ( ) Questions Posed by Volunteer--and Answers: (To be filled in.) Volunteer will initial end of each of the above paragraphs. HOT RELEASABLE TO FOREIGN 39 DISSEMINATION ANE OLLED BY. | ADC RWIMPOE MATION Cowih Ld) Dd. nArAAREQVedrRH Release 2001/04/02 : CIA-RDP96-09 F86ROG2N0 0230002 , . aoa nal
UNL LASSIE S Approved For Release 2001/04/02 : CIA-RDP96-00788R002000230004-2 APPENDIX E MEDICAL FACILITIES AND PROCEDURES Approved For Release OCI 4/0 03 GIA-RDP -RDP96-00788R002000230004-2 L: . wiki