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CPYRGHT
51 39 28 59 36
43 89 85 05
28 54 99 83
99 94 32 53 77
54 23 94 19 18
79 52 64 62 74
40 87
16 18 03
25 76 75 54 84
57 89
27 33 94
16 09 02 62
47 70 43 83 55
71 70 88 01
02 33 07 47 36
27 44 44 68
62 61
11 96 98
09 30 42 92 65
76 11 52 92 47
55 34
25 12 99
03 04 78 39 81
91 60 92 67
63 31 28 18 86
29 08 52 01 01
26 46 05 05 01
31 73 11 89 38
27 63 22 15 70
27 45 64 26
01 76 42 59 59
69 29 38 98 75
06 33 56 21 11
44 01 45 25 67
11 76 25 48 06
02 65 15 29 12
64 14 28 76 76
21 35 88
87 73
31 73 63 16 95
11 52 36 42 13
28 43 62 54 68
75 23 57
53 70
15 54 87 06
52 23 92 18 31
09 52 28 38 55
97 31 58 88
31 18 14 96 72
23 70 40 24
93 71 41 54 14
93 71 20 27 42
32 11 58 26 83
18 28 90 30
15 68 15 35 99
58 18 57
38 40
07 06
59 47
71 74 36 92 85
77 71
22 39 14
08 90 74 37
26 62
27 41
75 16 69 67 48
78 45 35 48 44
61 50 90 12 45
02 80 55
26 76
22 51 94 78 48
24 86 06 82 84
19 36 72 90 73
32 30 15
87 01
04 19 33 01 42
37 28 40 68 44
78 88 75 72 76
26 33 95 69 09
39 33 14 21 01
35 48 85 24 73
37 63 43 25 69
27 40 95 08
81 01
24 24 13
51 59 55 99 09
35 22 34 49 91
24 27
53 96 32
09 77 79 88 00
90 66 03 51 71
30 02 19 11 20
36 11 64 21 28
65 40 19 41 99
47 50 50 20 08
20 30 08 71 88
96 19 50 70 59
26 63
13 89
13 35 00 84 14
64 04 99 43 77
22 40 89 49 58
19 09 55 80 35
33 00 69 26 90
69 24 89 74 43
53 89 62 35 08
16 22 75 69 29
55 21 66 38 86
06 80 41 18 61
22 56 50 24 75
00 25
87 90 18
21 99 12 62 28
14 80
91 92
49 43 82 07 72
60 84 66
97 32
71 02 52 82 12
10 47 42 75 22
65 62 03 46 84
00 21 00 48 63
65 52 21 52 42
84 55 47 45 60
20 24 62 69 41
41 29 80 47
55 49 23
90 65 00 61 70
09 43 30 91 67
16 63 27 31
07 30 00 97 04
36 09 96 15 77
95 55
27 34 56
16 57
88 81 40
54 35 71 36 89
19 56 90 38 14
76 05 30 51 50
69 12 56 94 42
00 97 70 44 81
42 04 40 86 49
34 82 23 58 43
78 46 88 23 80
13 92 07
12 31 19 28 08
07 75 30 40 73
58 52 08 00 22
08 39 53 70 43
37 88 03 41 72
04 20 49 44 34
62 79 88 19 02
46 16 66 72 06
01 61 94 37
96 77 01 94 40
29 70 04 20 93
87 76 77 76 07
03 74 20 16 13
65 98 96 28 43
10 91 73 44 58
29 88 09 52 88
21 64 44 65
06 64 49 47 84
66 99 56 18 12
36 24 83 66 66
14 89 45 92 73
88 95 04 60 77
34 65
11 20 38
12 38 62 96 56
30 47 42 59 64
21 48 29 54 22
02 00 23 36 71
52 06 87 38 01
52 18 81 94
55 13 76 10 39
02 00 66 99 13
41 72 75 21 71
56 71
90 60 54
98 44 18 15 29
59 60 76 52 25
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(b)
Experiments with Develco -Superconducting Differential Magnet -
ometer
(Gradiometer)
One of
the
first psychoenergetically-produced physical effects
observed by SRI personnel
in early research
(1972) was the apparent
perturbation of a Josephson effect magnetometer.
The
conditions of that
pilot study,
involving a few hours use of an instrument committed to
other research,
prevented a proper investigation.
The number of data
samples was
too few to permit meaningful statistical analysis,
and the
lack of readily available multiple recording equipments prevented in-
vestigation of possible "recorder only" effects.
Therefore,
at the suggestion of
the client,
a series
of
•
'
f
)
experiments! were, carried out using
a client-supplied Develco Model
8805 superconducting second-derivative gradiometer manufactured by
Develco,
Inc.,
Mountain View,
California.
The assembled device
is
shown in Figure -12.
Basically,
the gradiometer
is
a four-coil Josephson effect
magnetometer device consisting of a pair of coil pairs wound so
as to
provide
a series connection of two opposing first-derivative gradiometers,
yielding a second-derivative gradiometer
(i.e.,
a device
sensitive only
to second and higher order derivative
fields).
As
a result,
the device
is
relatively insensitive
to uniform fields and to uniform gradients.
This
arrangement allows
for sensitive measurement
of
fields from nearby
sources while discriminating against relatively uniform magnetic fields
produced
by remote
sources.
The device
is ordinarily
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FIGURE 12
SUPERCONDUCTING DIFFERENTIAL MAGNETOMETER
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used to measure magnetic fields originating from processes within the
human body,
such
as action currents
in the heart which produce magneto-
cardiograms.
The sensitive tip
of the instrument
is simply placed near
the body area of interest.
In our application,
however,
the subject
is
located
at a distance
of four meters from the gradiometer probe.
As
a result the Subject
is
located in a zone of relative insensitivity;
e.g.,
standing up,
sitting
down,
leaning forward,
and arm and leg movements produce no signals.
From this
location the subject
is
asked,
as
a mental task,
to affect the
probe.
The results
of his
efforts
are available
to him as feedback from
three sources;
an oscilloscope,
a panel meter,
and a chart recorder,
the
latter providing
a permanent record.
After initial difficulty with the instrument due to RF interference
effects, which required modificaton by the manufacturer,
the gradiometer
was available for use by the contractor from June
to June
21.
Some
RF interference effects remained,
due
in part to environmental proximity
to other instrumentation,
but the device was usable nonetheless.
Protocol for subject participation was instituted as
follows.
The subject removes
all metal objects,
and the effects of body movements
are checked at
the start
of each experimental period.
The subject then
works with the machine
in
a learning mode,
observing effects being produced,
if
any,
via feedback from the instrumentation.
Once satisfied that
a
possibility exists
of producing effects
on command under experimenter
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control,
the experimenter announces
the start
of the experiment.
The
universal randomization protocol
(discussed
in previous section)
is then
used to generate ten activity/no activity periods
of equal length
(e.g.,
twenty-five seconds) pre-determined by the experimenter.
A sample run
(Run
1,
Subject
1)
is shown in Figure
13.
The
randomly-generated ON
(activity) periods
are Nos.
2,
8,
and
9.
As
observed,
signals appear
in each of
these three periods.
The signal
appearing
in period
9 was strong enough to cause
loss
of continuous
tracking.
This latter type of signal can be the result
of
an exceptionally
strong flux change,
or an RF burst whether subject-generated or artifactual
and are handled on the basis
of statistical correlation
as discussed below.
An artifact due to the passage of
a truck
in
the. parking
lot adjacent to
the laboratory
(under continuous surveillance by the experimenter)
is
noted in period 6.
Each of the signals
on scale corresponds to an input
2-2
~ 1.6 x 10-
Gauss/cm
(second derivative 3B
/ f
),
equivalent
to
z
z
^ 3.5 x 10~
Gauss referred to one pickup coil.
The interpretation of such observations must be subjected to careful
analysis.
For example,
the emphasis
on "corresponds
to"
is based on the
following:
although the probe
is designed to register magnetic fields,
and the simplest hypothesis
is
that
an observed signal
is
such,
in a
task
as potentially complex as "psychokinesis",
one must be cautious about
assigning
a given observed effect
to a specific cause.
Therefore,
without
multiple measurement employing equally sensitive apparatus,
which time
and
lack of
instrument availability did not permit,
one can only conclude
that generation of a magnetic field
is the most probable cause.
With
regard to signal display,
the signal was observed simultaneously on three
recording devices,
and thus
a "recorder only" effect can be considered
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highly probable cause-effect relationship.
Thus
it
appears
that
a gifted
subject can interact with a second derivative magnetic gradiometer of
-9
sensitivity ~
Gauss/cm
from
a distance of four meters.
Further work
would be required to determine absolutely the precise nature of the
interaction,
although given the equipment design the generation of
a
magnetic field
is the most probable mechanism.
(c) Experiments with Laser-Monitored Torsion Pendulum
In this
series
of experiments we examine the possibility that a subject
may be able to exert
a physical influence on
a remotely located physical
system.
The target
is
a torsion pendulum suspended by
a metal fiber inside
a sealed glass bell jar.
The pendulum consists
of three
100 gram balls
arranged symetricaily at
120°
angles on a
2 cm radiius.
The entire apparatus
is shock mounted,
and protected from air currents by the enclosing bell
jar.
The angular position of the pendulum
is measured by means
of
an
optical readout system.
The system consists
of
a laser beam from a
lot*5
t
power argon
laser
reflected from a small mirror on the pendulum onto a
t+
position sensing silicon detector
1.5 meters from the pendulum.
The
detector yields
an output voltage proportional to spot position.
The
ttf
output from the detector
is monitored by
a chart recorder
which provides
a continuous* sine wave record of pendulum position.
+ /Spectra
P'n'y's i cs Model 262
tt United Detector Technology Model SC/10
t f t Brush Model Mark 200
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f
,
^
l-
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The system exhibits
a sensitivity
of approximately
10 microradians.
Under typical experimental conditions random accoustical fluctuations
drive the pendulum in its torsional normal mode of
10 second period to
a level ~ 100 microradians angular deviation.
During control runs
the pendulum executes harmonic motion with a maximum variation
in
amplitude
of
±
10 percent over an hour period.
Sudden vibrational
perturbations
in the environment produce oscillation of the pendulum
in the vertical plane
at
a frequency of
Hte,
as contrasted with the
torsional mode
in the horizontal plane
at 0.1 Hz.
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The subject
is asked,
as
a mental
task,
to affect
the pendulum motion,
the results of which would be available
as feedback from the chart recorder
.
The subject
is then encouraged
to work with the pendulum from a distance
of
1 meter, observing effects being produced.
If satisfied that there
is a possibility of producing effects
(typically following a week's activity,
a couple of hours per day),
an experiment
is begun.
As
in other experiments,
subject efforts
to increase or decrease
oscillation amplitude
are determined by an experimenter utilizing the uni-
versal randomization protocol described in
(a)
.
Each experiment
lasts one
hour and consists of six 5-minute work periods alternated with six 5-minute
rest periods.
In later work,
the subject
is removed to a room 12 meters down the
hall with three intervening office
spaces to determine whether effects can
be produced from a remote location.
The subject
is provided feedback at
the remote location either by closed circuit video or by a second chart
recorder in parallel with the recorder in the enclosed target laboratory.
The remote
aspect was
instituted both to prevent artifactual effects from
body heat,
etc.,
and also
to determine whether energy can be coupled via
t
the remote viewing channel
to
a remote location.
+
Both experimental evidence and theoretical work indicate
that distance
may not be
a strong factor in paranormal phenomena.
See,
for example,
E.H. Walker "Properties of Hidden Variables in Quantum Theory:
Impli-
cations
for Paraphysics"
, U.S. Army Ballistic Research Laboratories,
Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland.
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In pilot studies we observed
1 'considerable evidence indicating that
a
gifted subject
located
in the same room is
able,
by concentration,
to increase
or decrease pendulum motion on command while sitting quietly one meter from
the bell
jar.
The change -to -base line ratio
is often 5:1 or better so the
effects are not small.
A sample chart showing a rest period followed by a
decrease period
is given in Figure
14.
Vibrational artifacts can be ruled out on the basis that when such inputs
occur,
a marked
1 Hz oscillation signal due
to vertical motion is superimposed
on the 0.1 Hz torsional motion.
What
is especially interesting are the
decreases which take
the motion below that generally observed due
to en-
vironmental noise driving.
Such observations indicate
the application of
a constraint which couples energy /out) of the pendulum motion.
Similar ob-
servations have been observed with the
subject removed to the second location
12 meters
away.
Although less pronounced
(change -to-baseline ratios typically
2:1),
the effect remains easily observable.
The universal randomization protocol
is used throughout
to determine
increase/decrease periods.
Control run data are being collected to be sub-
jected to the same analysis.
Multiple recording
is used throughout
to rule
out artifacts due
to recorder effects.
Finally,
an electrometer with the
base of the bell jar serving
as one
electrode,
is monitored to record acoustic
vibration independently.
Due
to
the potential significance of such findings,
considerable data^jLsJbeing taken in order that the matter can be
subjected
to
statistical analysis over a large sample involving hundreds of work periods.
A few hundred data samples have already been collected for this purpose,
an
the results will be published when available.
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FIGURE 14 PENDULUM MOTION Large amplitude variation corresponds to_0.1 Hz torsional mode . na os i Rea emacs 4 rac : wee nate ” ee ae RE ENN et RIE NL MARIE AA SRC ES 00787R000200010007-4 CIA-RDP96- Approved For Release 2000/08/10