*
SGI J
For Release 2003/01/17
: CIA-RDP^B^®€(i©PD32000 1-5
Final Report
Covering
the Period October
1983
to October
1984
PHOTON PRODUCTION
(CHINESE REPLICATION)
(U)
By:
G. SCOTT HUBBARD (CONSULTANT)
EDWIN
C. MAY
Prepared
for:
DEFENSE INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
WASHINGTON,
D.C.
20301
Attention:
DT-5A
CONTRACT
SRI
Project 7408-10
May
1985
DAMD17-83-C-3106
SPECIAL ACCESS PROGRAM FOR GRILL FLAME.
RESTRICT DISSEMINATION TO ONLY INDIVIDUALS WITH VERIFIED ACCESS.
Approved by:
ROBERT
S. LEONARD, Director
Radio Physics Laboratory
DAVID
D. ELLIOTT,
Vice President
Research and Analysis Division
CLASSIFIED BY:
DT-5A
REVIEW ON:
31 May 2005
Copy No
This document
consists of
pages.
SRI/GF-0276
NOT RELEASABLE TO
FOREIGN NATIONALS
Jnt^iStionS/Vpproved
$Wm
: <!^R®PS6^7<MR0(
X \
\
I
/ TS
(415) 326-6200
•
Cable:
SRI
INTL MPK
• TWX:
910-373-2046
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UNCLASSIFIED
CONTENTS
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
iii
LIST OF TABLES
iii
I
OBJECTIVE
II
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
III
INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND
IV
METHOD OF APPROACH
A.
Hardware
B.
Methodology
C.
Hardware
(Details of Construction)
D.
Photomultiplier Tube Analysis
V
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
A.
Remote Viewing Results
B.
Photomultiplier-Tube Results
VI
CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
REFERENCES
Appendix—RV SESSION PROTOCOL
u
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ILLUSTRATIONS
Schematic Diagram for the Photon-Production Equipment
Spectral Response of 9829 QB PM Tube
Typical Photomultiplier-Tube Output During Remote Viewing Session
Anomaly Produced by Viewer 558
Anomaly Produced by Viewer 807
TABLES
Remote Viewing Results for Viewer 177
Remote Viewing Results for Viewer 309
Remote Viewing Results for Viewer 558
Remote Viewing Results for Viewer 807
Photomultiplier-Tube Normalized Raw Data
Correlation Results
iii
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I
OBJECTIVE (U)
(S/NF)
The objective of this task was to examine and replicate foreign work in
psychokinesis (PK) (SOW 2.4.1, FY 1984).
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II
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY (U)
(U)
Our intention was to conduct a conceptual replication of the work published by the
People’s Republic of China (PRC)
in which they claimed that “effects” upon physical systems
can be observed during successful remote viewing* (RV)
sessions.
Specifically, we
experimentally examined their claim that light
is emitted in the vicinity of correctly identified
RV target material.
(U)
To accomplish this task, we used remote viewers from existing RV programs who
had previously demonstrated RV ability.
Because we had
little evidence that our viewers were
capable of identifying symbols, we utilized our well-characterized National Geographic
Magazine target material.
(U)
In reproducing the PRC experiments, we took exceptional care to equal or improve
the equipment and protocols wherever possible. We used a state-of-the-art, ambient-
temperature, photon counting system to monitor the target material (35-mm slides of the
National Geographic Magazine photographs).
In our study, the viewers were not allowed to
handle the apparatus (contrary to the parameters identified in PRC reports).
(U)
A single RV session involved remote viewing a target slide that had been placed in
the photon counting apparatus.
(We utilized standard RV protocols developed in other parts
of the FY’84 program.)
The analysis of the data from the session consisted of a quantitative
assessment of the remote viewing
(figure of merit), and various measures derived from the
data produced by the photon-counting system.
(U)
We collected data from a total of 22 sessions using four of our best RVers.
The
RV analysis demonstrated evidence of target material contact that was consistent with the
viewers’
earlier work.
The
statistical measure
(derived from the photon-counting apparatus)
that best represented the data collection used in the PRC work showed a significant
correlation with the RV results
(p < 0.035).
That
is, when the remote viewing was good,
* (U)
RV (remote viewing)
is the acquisition and description, by mental means, of informa-
tion blocked from ordinary perception by distance or shielding.
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(U)
there was an increase in the signal detected by the photon-counting system.
When the
viewing was less accurate, a smaller signal was detected by the counting system.
One RVer
demonstrated independently significant correlations
(p <, 0.007 and p <, 0.022) between
his/her viewing and photon-counting signals.
(U)
Out of the 22 sessions, we recorded two that contained a photon-counting anomaly
resembling those reported by the Chinese.
In each case, the anomaly was detected with a
signal-to-noise ratio of about 20-40:1.
This ratio
is far below the 100-1000:1 reported by
the Chinese, however, other characteristics that we observed were in agreement with their
work.
(U)
Overall, our results indicate that we observed a weak effect which supports the PRC
claims that correct RV acquisition of information perturbs physical systems.
We had no
evidence of the consistently large effects that they had reported.
Because our protocols
(hardware and procedural) were significantly better than those reported, and because our
experimental conditions were different
(i.e., target material, RVers,
etc.), we have confidence
that our results are not likely to be the result of artifact.
(U)
To confirm the effect and to examine the mechanisms, we recommend that the
experiment be repeated.
We suggest
(1) improved photon-counting hardware to eliminate
all
thermal noise,
(2) a mixture of target material to provide a more exact replication of the
claims, and
(3)
a wider variety of viewers to increase the quality of the remote viewing.
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III INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND (U)
(S/NF)
We have attempted to assess the possibility of constructing an intrusion detector
that would be sensitive to remote viewing (RV)
of
facilities.
In order to perform this task, we
have surveyed many reports of psychokinesis (PK)
in the open and classified literature.
*
While a few of these papers seemed to document genuine psychoenergetic phenomena, none
really served as an exact model for testing physical correlates at the
site of RV activity,
Since
that survey was conducted, new reports of PK experiments by physicists in the People’s
Republic of China (PRC) have emerged.2 -3
The two papers cited contain brief descriptions of
experiments in which individuals with “exceptional vision” affected physical systems
(film,
photomultiplier tubes, and plants) when correctly identifying Chinese language characters
hidden with the test apparatus.
(S/NF)
As the Chinese themselves point out, the photomultiplier (PM) tube has the
best sensitivity,
stability, and response to transients of the three systems examined.
For these
reasons, we concluded that a replication of the PRC experiments
(using SRI International RV
participants and a PM tube) afforded the most promising test of intrusion detection.
While
investigating the intrusion concept, we would be able to replicate foreign work in PK as well.
(U)
Specifically, the Chinese reported that PM-tube-count rates of 102 to 103 greater
than background rates have been produced during “exceptional vision.”
Their signal
discriminators were set to produce a background of about 15 counts/s.
Although the Chinese
claim to have eliminated sources of experimental artifact such as light leaks, electromagnetic
interference, and the
like,
at least one report states that individuals “must touch the surface
of the light-proof material”
or the effect
is not produced. 2
This procedure seems such an
obvious potential source of artifact that we excluded touching entirely in our investigations.
The PRC experiments also reported that the anomalous signals produced during exceptional
vision were primarily large-amplitude pulses which appeared rapidly (^1
s
rise time).
*(U)
References are listed in order of appearance at the end of this report.
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(U)
We have carefully examined these claims and present our techniques and findings
the following sections.
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IV METHOD OF APPROACH (U)
(U)
Our goal was to test for the presence of a physical correlate to successful remote
viewing.
Specifically, we performed a conceptual replication of work published by physicists
from the People
s Republic of China. 2-3
The PRC papers claimed that correct psychoenergetic
identification of Chinese characters, which were being monitored by a photomultiplier (PM)
tube, resulted in large changes in the output of that tube.
Count rates of 102 to 103 greater
than background were reported.
The Chinese speculated that light (photons) was being
produced at the target when the characters were identified.
A.
(U)
Hardware
(U)
To test the PRC claims, we devised a photomultiplier-tube, light-detector system
plus a remote-viewing procedure that paralleled the Chinese efforts.
In order to make use of
techniques developed in a concurrent RV training program, we selected 35-mm slides of
National Geographic Magazine photographs as our target material.
(U) A light-tight slide holder, which could be easily opened and closed, was fabricated
and fitted to the end flange of the photomultiplier-tube housing.
The slide was positioned
within approximately
1 cm of the active surface of the PM tube.
(U)
The PM tube was selected to have an active area equal to or greater than the film
area of the
slide.
In addition, we required that the tube be sufficiently broadband and
sensitive so as to equal or surpass the device used by the Chinese. We also required that the
dark-count (background)
rate be as low as possible at or near room temperature.
(Very low
background-count rates can be achieved by cooling PM tubes to -20°C, but the additional
complexity, expense, and deviation from the PRC experiments prevented us from using
cooling in this series of investigations.)
(U)
The output of the PM tube was processed and displayed by state-of-the-art
instrumentation used in nuclear radiation spectroscopy. We selected the multichannel-scaling
(MCS) mode of signal processing as the most appropriate for our experiment.
In this type of
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Therefore, any unusual feature appearing only in the H spectrum must be
caused by an equipment malfunction, not a psychoenergetic event.
Any anomaly appearing in both A and H spectra must appear at exactly the
same channel number.
For the reasons discussed above, any signals that
are not correlated in time would be considered noise or equipment
problems.
To be considered, an anomaly must have been observed during an RV
contact period.
While some evidence exists for “linger”
or “relaxation”
effects in PK, we were specifically testing for increased pulse rates during
remote viewing.
Any unusual signals observed at other times were ignored.
Finally, anomalies were considered to be only those signals that showed a
rapid transition in count rate.
Either the increase or decrease in rate must
occur within a few channels
(i.e., a few seconds).
Slowly varying count
rates were known to be caused by temperature
drift and were discarded.
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