Approved For Release 2000/08/07 : er (U) describe into a tape recorder his impressions of a target object, Each session was terminated either by the monitor who indicated that the (approximate) three-hour period was up, or by the remote viewer himself at a somewhat earlier time. The remote viewer was then taken to the target location for feedback. (S) For the first four trials the targets were chosen by the SSO of an SRI SI/TK facility on the first floor of the Radio Physics Laboratory, and placed on display on a conference room table in that facility. (The SSO is not otherwise associated with the SRI psycho- energetics program.) As part of the first trial the remote viewer was asked to describe the facility as well as the target object; for the remaining three trials he was asked to describe the target object only. (U) Before the fifth trial, it was decided by the remote viewer and monitor that the target location for the remaining two trials should be changed: so as to avoid analytical overlay problems associated with target-site familiarity. The site chosen by the monitor was the roof of the Radio Physics Laboratory building, directly above the ceiling of the room in which the remote viewer was located, (U) Trial 1. The target object for Trial 1 was a copper ewer (pitcher) placed on a dark brown wood-grained table (see Figure 17). The remote viewer sketched an object that evolved into a table-lamp base, finally topped by a lampshade. (8S) The description of the facility rendered by the remote viewer had many matching elements, although it appears that the remote viewer combined the two primary rooms into one; because of this, however, the description is ambiguous and cannot be taken as evidential. (U) Trial 2, The target object for Trial 2 was a metal food mill. with red handle shown in Figure 18, In response the remote viewer 84 Approved For Release 2000/08/07 : GRRE 87R000500010001-7
Approved For Release 200Q/ C ' KS 000500010001-7 UNCLASSIFIED 85 Approved For Release 2bgdNBO71L: AvS°64 46-b By B9R000500010001-7 UNCLASSIFIED (U) COPPER PITCHER, AND VIEWER No. 518 ERV RESPONSE FIGURE 17
Approved For Release 2000/08/07 : CIA-RDP96-00787R000500010001-7 UNCLASSIFIED °) \s . . “\ | 86 Approved For Release 2000/0807 AP E-RORS OTF RP 000 10001-7 UNCLASSIFIED (U) FOOD MILL TARGET, AND VIEWER No. 518 ERV RESPONSE FIGURE 18
Approved For Release 2000/08 (Sg peGateltfieds-00787R000500010001-7 (U) sketched a silver-grey object with a handle on it that looked first like a fireplace scoop (most correct), and then evolved into a bellows. (U) Trial 3. The target for Trial 3 was a straw hat with curled up brim and dimpled top (Figure 19). The remote viewer's response is shown in the same figure. (U) Trial 4. Target 4 was a photographic tripod (Figure 20). The remote viewer's response, shown in the same figure, consisted essen- tially of a silver teapot-like object sitting on a tripod. (S) Trial 5, Following the first four trials, the monitor and remote viewer agreed that the target location for the remaining two trials should be elsewhere than the now-familiar SI/TK facility. Several altern- ative locations were discussed, with the final decision to be made by the monitor, The monitor chose the roof of the Radio Physics Laboratory and intended to place a target there, Due to an error in timing, the remote viewer began the fifth session without having met with the monitor to learn which of the discussed alternative locations was to be used. In the absence of this communication there was no overtly agreed-upon target location and no special target was set up. Nonetheless, we observe post hoc that the remote viewer described an outside, brightly lit gravel-based area, and provided a response that resembled the intended roof target area (see Figure 21). Because of the ambiguity of target location and absence of a specific intended target, however, this trial is set aside and not included in the package of results to be blind judged. (U) Trial 6, The target chosen for the final trial was a world globe (Figure 22), In response the remote viewer drew a sphere mounted on a stand, but did not cognize the map aspect. He also shows the roof line, but this cannot be taken as evidential since it was known that the target was to be on the roof 87 Approved For Release 2000/08 OSS te me beg 00787 R000500010001-7
Approved For Release 2000/08/07 : CIA-RDP96-00787R000500010001-7 UNCLASSIFIED. \ WN “w 88 Approved For Release 20°F NCTA SSIFTER OO” UNCLASSIFIED (U) STRAW HAT TARGET, AND VIEWER No. 518 ERV RESPONSE FIGURE 19
Approved For Release UNCLASSIFIED 0001-7 gat 44 x! a4 Tw , cept fling 89 Approved For Release 200DPWG EARS i$ 4-BdE7B)00500010001-7 UNCLASSIFIED (U) TRIPOD TARGET, AND VIEWER No. 518 ERV RESPONSE FIGURE 20
UNCLASSIFIED Approved For Release 2000/08/07 : CIA-RDP96-00787R000500010001-7 (n) ASNOdSAY AYA 8LS “ON Y3AM3ZIA GNV “VWNNSLNV Gals ISSVTISNNA auddy sae L@ aYNSIs 90 Approved For Release 2000/08/) NY CALR AP SS 1 FTP $000 10001-7
Approved For Release UNCLASSIFIED. 91 Approved For Release 20000 Pf COAAS § lob BHO) 0500010001-7 UNCLASSIFIED (U) GLOBE TARGET, AND VIEWER No. 518 ERV RESPONSE FIGURE 22
Approved For Release 2000/08/07 : CIA-RDP96-00787R000500010001-7 UNCLASSIFIED 4, Discussion (U) (U) For an assessment as to the quality of remote viewing obtained in the ERV series, the results were submitted to two analysts for blind judging. The judging packet submitted to the analysts con- sisted of the remote viewer drawings, and target photographs, each in their own random order different from the order of target usage. The analysts were instructed to blind rank order, on a scale of 1 to 5 (best to worst match), each of the five drawing packets against each of the five target photographs. (Target number 5 was omitted as described above.) (U) One analyst obtained three direct matches, one second- place match, and one fourth-place match; the other obtained one direct match, three second-place matches and one fourth-place match, The dif- ference between the two was a pair of responses that were essentially indistinguishable with regard to a particular pair of targets (food mill and hat). The matrices were analyzed using the direct-count-of-permutations method discussed earlier. The results of one of the two judges reached statistical significance at the p = 0,05 level. (U) With regard to a comparison between ERV and the ordinary RV process, the data obtained are roughly of the same quality as those of ordinary RV.” There was therefore no apparent advantage in committing the greater time period required for the ERV process. By report of the RVer, however, the subjectively more intense ERV state was never fully achieved in this series, and therefore no definitive comparison between RV and ERV is possible at this point. ** (U)| See, e.g., the technology series in H, Puthoff and R. Targ, "A Per- ceptual Channel for Information Transfer Over Kilometer Distances," Proc. IEEE 64, pp. 329-354 (March 1976). ' 92 Approved For Release 20008 N CLASSTETED
Approved For Release 20 PRPC CASSTERIER rr” D. Remote Viewing of Alphabet Letters (U) (U) The purpose of this study was to determine whether an isolated remote viewer could learn to discriminate between and identify alphabet letters, The participant, Viewer 372, was located in a third-floor laboratory of the Radio Physics Building at SRI, while the monitor and the target materials were in an office trailer in a nearby parking lot (as in the slide series), (U) The protocol in all twelve trials in this series was for the viewer to identify a randomly chosen three-letter word exposed to view in the target room. The targets used in this series were red block letters eight inches high, cemented to white cardboard. The three letters making up each word were placed on the chalk tray of the target room blackboard, (U) Twelve trials were carried out. A satisfactory protocol was not developed until the third trial, so the first two must be considered exploratory. In Trial 1, the target word was randomly chosen from a group of ten previously prepared words placed in opaque envelopes. In all other trials the target word was chosen by random entry into a 1700-page college dictionary (selecting the first three-letter word on the page) using a Texas Instruments SR-51 random number generator. In Trials 1 and 2, the viewer was given feedback after each letter. In both of these trials he failed to name the first letter, but after being told the first letter G for GUN and V for VAT, he was able to confidently and correctly name the following two letters in quick succession, In Triais 3 through 12, feedback was given only after all three letters were named, to counteract analysis strategies on the part of the viewer. (U) The letters were displayed one at a time, and the viewer would give his impressions of each in turn, After each description, that letter would be removed, and the viewer would be informed that the next letter 93 Approved For Release 200pINC LIARS Sb Bdié7Bb00500010001-7
Approved For Release 20°0%XINCEASSIFTED OO’ (U) was in place, Except for Trial 5, the letters were always presented in their order of occurrence in the word. (In Trial 5 it had been decided in advance to display the letters in random order, to discourage end- letter guessing, This turned out to be unsatisfactory, however , apparently producing confusion for the viewer, who named all three letters correctly, but had them in the wrong order, He then could not think of a word, and changed two of the letters.) (U) Of the nine 3-letter words presented in a consistent manner (3, 4, 6-12), the viewer was correct in 6 of his letter assignments (i.e., of the 27 letters presented, 6 were identified), a significant departure from chance expectation. This pilot result was therefore encouraging, E. Coordinate Remote Viewing (CRV) with Immediate Feedback (U) (U) Of special interest for operational applications is a particular form of RV known as coordinate remote viewing (CRV). CRV is a procedure whereby the RVer accesses the target location on the basis of an abstract locator such as geographical coordinates. As inexplicable as such a phenomenon might seem, we appeal simply to pragmatism, in that it appears to work, (U) It has been shown that good results can be obtained even with the use of special arbitrarily-constructed coordinate systems; the CRV phenomenon thus appears to provide yet another example of "goal orienta- tion" in psychoenergetic phenomena, rather than being particularly related to coordinate systems per se. * (U) R. Targ, H. Puthoff, B. Humphrey, and C, Tart, "Investigations of Target Acquisition," Research in Parapsychology 1979, Scarecrow Press, Metuchen, N.J. (in press), 94 Approved For Release 2000/4§ qX]:Cif-PO SoS 4 FF 44 (Qp500010001-7
Approved For Release 2000/08/0 Geet Reiaeaipsig® 0787R000500010001-7 (8) An orientation program for CRV has been designed at SRI, and is being applied with success with RVers inexperienced in CRV, The details are as follows. (U) A target pool of more than 100 geographical sites from around the globe has been prepared and is being continually expanded. The loca- tions are chosen to embody some particular well-defined characteristic (e.g., mountains, oceans, deserts, lakes, cities, islands, rivers), The coordinates of these locations, obtained from standard reference atlases,” are each written on one side of a 3-by-5-inch file card, on the other side of which is a descriptor (e.g., Mt, Hekla volcano, Iceland), along with an atlas reference. The cards are then placed in envelopes, coordinates facing the back, and randomized. (U) The CRV orientation procedure is as follows: (1) (S) RVer and facilitator seat themselves at opposite ends of a table in a special environment, the former with a supply of paper and a pen, the latter with target envelopes (contents unknown) and the reference atlases. (2) (8S) The CRVer is instructed that the facilitator will begin the CRV process by selecting an envelope and reading aloud the target coordinates, The CRVer is to note down on paper any immediate impressions (which he may also express aloud) and then, rather than embellishing on his first impressions, to ask for the coordinates to be read aloud again so that the original process may be repeated, etc,., until a coherent picture of the site emerges, * (U) The Times Atlas of the World, Hougton Mifflin Co., Boston, 1971. . People's Republic of China Atlas, U.S. Government Printing Office, 1971. t (U) The RV environment has been optimized during testing on another program to be quiet, dimly lit, and to provide a relatively homogeneous monochrome visual field, free of strong features and peripheral clutter, 95 Approved For Release 2000/08/0 Sx ENSSHe Est 0787R000500010004-7
Approved For Release 2000/08/07 : a (3) (S) Following these instructions, the facilitator selects an envelope at random, opens it from the rear so as to be exposed to the coordinates only, and then begins the process described above. (4) (8S) After one or more repetitions of the coordinates (each followed by a CRV response) leads to a recognizable target characteristic, the card is turned over by the facilitator, and the atlas consulted (if necessary) in order to give feedback. A line is drawn on the CRVer's data sheet to separate the data thus generated from further data, since up to this point the data were generated in a double-blind protocol and can be objectively evaluated later as a test of target acquisition, (5) (S) Having terminated the target acquisition "test" phase, feedback can now be given and/or further data solicited. The feedback given at this point is non- negative, ranging from "that's the target," through "near the target," to "you are at another target” (giving the CRVer the benefit of the doubt). The facilitator then has the option of terminating the wT viewing, asking for more detail ("there's something ten miles north that should be visible") or restarting the process when the viewer's original description did not correspond to the target site. In the latter case the facilitator can, of course, guide or cue the CRVer into a correct response; (a) this is acceptable in the nontest part of the sequence, (b) this can be checked for by asking for detail in the surrounding region, and (c) this provides an opportunity to investigate whether such cueing procedures can be useful in operationally oriented applications (e.g., guiding. the CRVer onto the target site with cues "a," "b,"” ... "£," and then asking for "g"). (S) RVer 518 was exposed to this protocol, a few targets per session, over a several-day period, resulting in a data pool of 26 CRV target viewings. They were: Salt Lake Desert, Utah; Lake Erie; Chicago; Mono Lake; Aruba Island; Lake Okeechobee; Yount's Peak, Wyoming; Pitcairn Island; Pike's Peak; Los Angeles; Atlantic Ocean; Rio de Janeiro; Kansas plains, St, Peter and Paul Islands; Randall Dam, South Dakota; 96 Approved For Release 2000/08/07 : CUBE MB TEZE0 00500010001-7
Approved For Release 2000/08/07 | 00787R000500010001-7 (Ss) Lake Titicaca; Cape May; Niagara Falls; Munich; Amazon River; Midwestern plains; Venezuelan Peninsula; Sierra Blanca Mountain; Oregon Desert; Panama Canal; Puerto Rico, (S) Following the first pilot session of five, in which essentially immediate feedback was given, the remaining twenty-one were carried out with delayed feedback and thus provided material that could be assessed objectively. Categorizing the targets into five groups (mountains, flats, water, cities, islands/peninsulas), the target/response matrix is as shown in Table 4. The probability of such an alignment occurring by chance alone can be calculated by the direct-count-of-permutations method discussed earlier, and leads to p = 0,0083, The distribution of responses is therefore statistically significant. Furthermore, beyond simple statistics, certain individual responses were exceptionally accurate during the acquisition "test" phase, In the final trial in this series, for example, when the target coordinates were for Guayama in Puerto Rico, the viewer described a "fishing village on the southeast coast of a boat-shaped island," which is an entirely correct description of the locale at the target coordinates. He then drew an island, resembling Puerto Rico in both shape and orientation, A few orientation sessions were carried out with Viewers 155 and 292, with similar results. (U) The above procedure is the first stage of a multi-stage training procedure developed on another program. The methodology centers around use of a specially-designed acoustic-tiled featureless room with homogeneous coloring to minimize environmental overlay; adoption of a uniform, limited monitor behavior role to minimize monitor overlay; and the use of a strictly specified CRV procedure involving repeated coordinate presentation and quick-reaction response--a procedure designed to minimize “imaginative” overlays. The effectiveness of this procedure is in the process of being 97 Approved For Release 2000/08/07 Sppae@uaigefaaiag 87 RO00500010001-7
Approved For Release 2000/08/07 : — Table 4 (S) DISTRIBUTION OF CRV TARGET/RESPONSE MATCHINGS (U) | ~*~—éiTvanseripts)tst—<—sSCisdY Islands/ Mountains | Flats | Water] Cities | Peninsulas Targets Mountains Flats Water 0 Cities 0 Islands /Peninsulas 0 (U) confirmed with a number of remote viewers in another program, and the results to date indicate that a Significant step forward in accuracy and reliability has been made. 98 Approved For Release 2000/08/07 aA ERERGRARES 7R000500010001-7
Approved For Release 2o Oe epfeteateteepe 87R000800010004-7 VI CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS (U) (S) In this report we have presented the results and assessments of a one-year program for the optimization of remote viewing with client- selected individuals, To meet the objectives of the program we have familiarized these individuals with the SRI RV protocol; pursued the development of enhanced levels of RV ability through exposure to several different orientation/training strategies, and established screening tests and procedures for enlarging the population from which such in- dividuals are selected. (S) Our principal observation in working with the six client volunteers is that we have found considerable evidence for remote viewing functioning among them. In the basic local-site RV-familiarization task (Phase-One study), four of the six participants produces results that were individually statistically significant (p < 0.05)," rendering the series strongly significant as a whole (p = 4 X 10°, or odds of one in 25,000). (An entire summary of program data is shown in Table 5.) (S) A second observation from that study is that in general, there is more variability from trial to trial for a given viewer than there is between the viewers themselves, There are no viewers in the group who have, not shown some evidence for remote viewing, even though some of their individual series may not have reached the p < 0.05 level of departure from chance expectation. * (U) In fact, each of these four series exceeded this requirement by more than an order of magnitude, reaching significance at the p = 0.003 level or better. 99 Approved For Release 2000/08/0 magn @eeerEe nee 787R000500010001-7
Approved For Release 2000/08/07 : CIA-RDP96-00787R000500010001-7 *ontea ALTLTquqord estosad uTeyqo 03 Z[NOTFITp ynq ‘ uBOTFTUsTs ATABOTO *souvyo-uou ‘st 1841 *‘ZUROTTTUSTS 4[nsor B SUT TAaqReT IOZ ploysesy, parepuezs peydaooe st so’o = d ‘aoueyo Aq J{Nsea Sututeiqo Jo ATE TQeqoid +: "q[nser {UROT] TUSTSUON * ZOO °O> (TeTt1040 Td (espnf pug) SN % Teq4teA) ¢20°0 | (espnf suo) ¢0°0 (tetaojoTd) PO'O Jf} e00°O> £00°0> $£00°0> SN SN * yoqeud Ly (szoelqo) SOpTIs SOPpTTg MTL [Teey TOMOTA ay eUuTp.100) Au Aa e7oUlaY pepuszxy sinynig (0) AUVNIINS WVuUDOUd (Ss) GS eTqeL 100 R000500010001-7 Approved For Release 2000/08/07 :
Approved For Release 2000/08/0 7g RRO /87R000500010001-7 (Ss) (1) (2) (S) With regard to screening: The individuals chosen to participate in the program were pre-screened by the client from a population of 250 potential candidates, using broad personality profile guidelines recommended by SRI, with final selection determined on the basis of interview by the SRI project leaders (R. T. and H. P.). The fact that the overall study was successful lends support to the effectiveness of this initial screening-by-profile procedure, The details of the results of the program indicate that a half dozen local-site RV trials may constitute a meaningful screening-by-performance procedure to separate the more reliable from the less reliable viewers, In order for screening-by-performance to be successful, it is necessary that the performance of a viewer be relatively consistent. We find that those individuals who were the most successful in the Phase- One trials, were also the most successful in Phase-Two, even though different remote viewing tasks were pursued, Of the four successful viewers in Phase-One, two produced significant results and one near-significant (the fourth was not available for the Phase-Two study). The two viewers from Phase-One that were least successful there (not reaching significance) again did not reach signifi- cance in Phase-Two, Although the sample is too small to be definitive, it appears that the Phase-One local- site RV series itself offers evidence of constituting a useful screening-by-performance procedure, The data indicating that a viewer can describe an individual Slide as it is shown on a screen shows that targeting on high-resolution transient targets (charts, maps, etc.) is not out of the question, This, coupled with our findings that a viewer may be able to describe and identify alphabet letters is a most encouraging development, and one deserving of further work. Extension of the RV process to include high-resolution material, especially with a reading ability, would constitute a significant breakthrough for operational applications, 101 Approved For Release 2000/08 UF ENGHe eg 00 787 R000500010001-7
Approved For Release 2000/08/07 Eee ss eeeeemneeaal (S) Certain of the individual responses in the FRV (future remote viewing) series, both with slides and with local sites as targets, appeared to give striking evidence of contact with the target. However, the ‘trial-to-trial reliability was low and no series reached statistical significance. Therefore, although individual results were encouraging, no definitive statement can be made on the basis of this short study. Given its obvious applications potential, should its existence be capable of unambiguous verification, we consider it a high-priority item for further exploration, (S) In the extended remote viewing (ERV) trials a viewer was able in each trial of the series to identify significant elements of an object placed in various locations, including an SI/TK tank under conditions of tight security. In these experiments the remote viewer worked alone over extended periods of time (up to three hours). At a minimum, the good results indicate that the RV process is not so fragile that it must be carried out under rigidly-specified conditions, since in this case an alternative style was in use and the results contimied to be reliable. Further work would be required, however, before a definitive comparison of RV and ERV could be made. (S) Finally, the encouraging results obtained in the CRV (coordinate remote viewing) trials indicates that comparable accuracy and reliability can be expected from experienced viewers targeting either on the basis of a beacon person at the target, or on the basis of geographical latitude and longitude alone. As a by-product of the CRV study, which involved the use of special procedures being developed in another program for reliability enhancement, the high-quality output provided additional confirmation as to the effectiveness of certain new approaches being taken with regard to monitor/viewer interaction and control of the RV environment. 102 Approved For Release 2000/08/07 : CURE AREIEAR000500010001-7
Approved For Release 20008 epfeteatetpe © 87 ROOMS00010001-7 (S) To take advantage of the most recent developments in remote viewing, and to achieve the goal of continuing to develop remote viewing into a reliable operational tool, we strongly recommend further development of capabilities in the following areas: * Applications of Remote Viewing. A training procedure has been developed that appeares to greatly increase both the accuracy and reliability of remote viewing by coordinates, This technique should continue to be examined, and applied to targets of operational interest, both with in-house and client-supplied assets, * Effects of Feedback, An extensive examination should be made of the necessity for providing feedback in remote viewing trials, A systematic variation in the presence or absence of feedback should be used to determine the importance of this factor, * Target Demarcation, Coordinate remote viewing experiments should be carried out in which the target is demarcated by means of various types of coordinates (e.g., geographic, military, and arbitrary). This should be done in order to discover the part played by the target coordinate in determining remote viewing accuracy. * Audio Analysis. In an effort to separate correct from incorrect data available from taped subject descriptions of remote viewing target sites, the use of speech and audio analysis techniques should be investigated as a tool to provide selective editing. This should include semantic analysis, in which analysis of written transcripts are carried out to look for variations in grammar, style, or vocabulary to help separate correct from incorrect statements in the RV transcript, ¢ ‘Tracking. Further effort should be pursued to perfect the RV process whereby, instead of demarcating a location to obtain a target description, one provides a target description and asks for location (as in locating a downed aircraft or foreign official). SRI has under development certain strategies involving FRV feedback, computer averaging of multiple trials, and so forth, which appear from pilot efforts to hold promise, ¢ Spatial Resolution, A study should be carried out to determine the extent to which it is possible to aid 103 Approved For Release 2000/08/0ampanGarfe pe ey 00787R000500010001-7
Approved For Release 2000/08/07 : i (S) - viewers in learning to read hidden and distant printed material that is blocked from ordinary perception. Temporal Resolution, An ERV effort should be pursued to determine the accuracy of remote viewing as a function of time for future targets. ELF Experiments. Since one of the prevalent hypotheses for paranormal perception requires the use of an ELF electromagnetic carrier, we suggest carrying out definitive experiments to examine this hypothesis (e.g., by using ELF generators as beacons), and to provide analyses correlating data from our past data base with the daily record of geophysical parameters known to affect ELF propagation. Theoretical Studies. Modern physics offers several mathematical descriptions of reality that may also prove to be testable descriptions of paranormal perception in general, and remote viewing in particular, We recommend work with leading physicists who have agreed to consult for SRI on these theoretical problems, in an effort to develop a physical understanding of the phenomena we observe in the laboratory and in the field, and to apply this knowledge to improve remote viewing functioning. Technical Meetings. SRI proposes to host private quarterly conferences to bring together selected U.S. scientists and government representatives who are concerned with the technical issues in psychoenergetic research, Successful pursuit of the above priority items could be expected to result in an increased reliability and breadth of utility of the RV function for operational purposes, 104 Approved For Release 2000/08/07 : POOR OE 1 000500010001-7
Approved For Release 2000/08/07 -“SRSCEWRNSePFPS 7 R000500010001-7 Approved For Release 2000/08/07 : CIA-RD “ 7ROOO5000@T0RIELEASABLE TO FOREIGN NATIONALS