: ; Science Applications International Corp. - (415) 322-7960 - Created: Sunday, June 18, 1995 17:51 - Page 12 of 21 oma nces sana Approved-For Release-2004/03/07 + GlA-RDP96-00794RO06200176616=2-----—-------~ Annotated Bibliography UNEDITED DRAFT 16 June 1995 13a. May, E. C., Targ, E., and Puthoff, H. E. (1977). Possible EEG Correlates to Remote Stimuli Under Conditions of Sensory Shielding. Proceeding of Electro/77 Special Session (IEEE): The State of the Art in Psychic Research. New York, NY. May et. al present their analysis of the SRI/Langly Porter experiments. They acknowledge that there appears to be significant changes of alpha production concomitant with remote stimuli; however, they advise caution in that the sign of the changes are not consistent and the effects occurs under different EEG leads. 229, May, E. C., Luke, W. L. W., and Frivold, T. J. (1988). Neurophysiological Correlates to Remote Viewing. Final Report--Objective D, Task 1, Project 1291. SRI International, Menlo Park, CA. This is the first of a series of experiments to search for central nervous system neuromagnetic response to isolated stimuli. The first of two protocols was based on a Hungarian experiment involving classical conditioning. The second was more like a replication of SRI’s 1977 EEG studies— 13a, above. 266. May, E. C. Luke, W. L. W., Trask, V. V. and Frivold. T. J. (1990). Observation of Neuromagnetic Fields in Response to Remote Stimuli. The Proceedings of the Presented Papers of the Parapsychological Association 33rd Annual Convention, National 4-H Center, Chevy Chase, MD. This represents the best description of the magnetoencephalograph studies. It claims that an alpha rhythm phase shift occurs from a remote and isolated stimulus. #4 May, E. C. and Luke, W. L. W (1992). Phenomenological Research and Analysis. Final Report. Science Applications International Corporation, Menlo Park, CA This is the final technical report for 1992. After a careful attempt at _ replicating the magnetoencephalograph results, it was discovered that a subtle design error accounted for the earlier results. The technical flaw involved measuring instantaneous phase in a noisy environment during too short a time interval. *kK May, E. C.. Luke, W. L. W, and James, C. L. (1994). Phenomenological Research and Analysis. Final Report. Science Applications International Corporation, Menlo Park, CA Capitalizing upon all the earlier central nervous system studies, SAIC initiated an EEG experiment to search for an event-related desynchronization to isolated stimuli. While there was significant evidence for AC, the preliminary analysis on one of 4 leads does not appear to demonstrate a central nervous system response. Conclusions During the 1972-1976 period, we found significant alpha blocking ina fe w receivers that was concomitant with an isolated visual stimulus. Although the experiments were conducted carefully, the results were weak and the number of receivers was small. This line of investigation was abandon until 1987 at which time a multi-year effort was initiated using magnetoencephalography to measure central nervous system (CNS) magnetic responses to isolated visual stimuli. Early results were especially encouraging, but later replications revealed a subtle statistical artifact that accounted for the earlier results. Each replication attempt yields suggestions for the next experiment. Our most recent study posited that since external stimuli, cognitive thought, or conscious attempts at moving a UNEDITED DRAFT 12 Approved For Release 2001/03/07 : CIA-RDP96-00791R000200170016-2
. Science Applications International ety - (415) 322-7960- Created: Sunday, June 18, 1995 17:52- Page 13 of 21 Won ann ann n- Approved For Release-2004/03/07-- CIA-RDP96-00794R006266176046-2------------- Annotated Bibliography UNEDITED DRAFT 16 June 1995 body part all interrupt alpha rhythm (i.e., called event-related desychronization—ERD), that it is reasonable to assume that AC stimuli will also invoke an ERD. In 1993-4, we conducted a series of experiments that used matched filters that were derived from direct stimuli to search for ERDs in the C NS record resulting from AC stimuli. The analysis is not yet complete but the preliminary results do not show occipital ERDs, but we have been able to suggest a lower limit for occipital ERDs. We collected EEG data at other scalp locations but that data has yet to be analyzed. Remote Perturbation Large Scale Is it possible to affect physical/biological objects, by mental means alone, in such a way that statistical analysis is not required to observe the effects? | Examples include stopping the hearts of animals, levitation by Saints in India, and materialization and dematerialization of objects. 59. Hubbard, G. S. and May, E. C. (1981). Macro-Remote Action: A Survey and Evaluation. Final Report, Project 3279-3, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA. Hubbard and May provide a list of parameters that must be true based on a survey of all large-scale remote perturbation effects they could find in the English language literature to date. They conclude that it is highly likely that these reported effects are not examples of anomalous mental phenomena. ** May, E. C. and Vilenskaya, L. (1994). Overview of Current Parapsychology Research in the Former Soviet Union. Subtle Energies, Vol. 3., No. 3, 45-67. **#  Vilenskaya, L. and May, E. C. (1995). Anomalous Mental Phenomena Research in Russia and the Former Soviet Union: A Follow Up. Subtle Energies, Vol. 4. No. 3, 23 1-250. These two published papers describe what the authors found during three trips to various laboratories in Russia. Some of the experiments, esp ecially the ones on the central nervous system and on the behavior of laboratory animals are particularly interesting and well constructed. 200. Hubbard, G. S. and Issacs, J. D. (1986). An Experiment to Examine _ the Possible Existence of Remote Action Effects in Piezoelectric Strain Gauges. Final Report— Objective E, Task 8, Project 1291. SRI International, Menlo Park, CA. A design, protocol, and construction details for an attempt to replicate earlier findings is presented. It was claimed that individuals can inelastically deform piezoelectric strain gauges. Positive results were obtain in a pilot study. 224. Hubbard, G. S., Bentley, P. P., Pasturel, P. K. and Isaacs, J. D. (1987). A Remote Action Experiment with a Piezoelectric Transducer. Final Report— Objective H, Tasks 3 and 3a. Project 1291, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA. This is a definitive formal study that displays the extensive number of things that can mimic remote action. It is a clear demonstration of the level of effort that is necessary to properly conduct such experiments. In the final analysis, no effects were seen that could be called examples of large scale remote action. UNEDITED DRAFT 13 Approved For Release 2001/03/07 : CIA-RDP96-00791R000200170016-2
. Science Applications International Corp. - (415) 322-7960- Created: Sunday, June 18, 1995 17:52- Page 14 of 21 potas sess Approved For Release-2001/03/07- > CIA-RDP96-60791R000200170016-2-----——----—— Annotated Bibliography UNEDITED DRAFT 16 June 1995 217. May, E. C. Spottiswoode, S. J. P., Piantanida, T. and Walker E. H. (1987). A Quantum Measurement Experiment with a Single Photon Interferometer. SRI International, Menlo Park, CA. 248. Walker, E. H., May, E. C., Spottiswoode, S. J. P. and Piantanida, T. (1988). Testing Schrédinger’s Paradox witha Michelson Interferometer. Physica B, Vol. 151, 339-348. [Replacement for the original 248.] This experiment demonstrates that consciousness is not a necessary condition for the collapse of the quantum mechanical state vector—the claim which sometimes appears in the physics and parapsychological literature. Conclusions Based on these studies and on the knowledge of the vast number of ways to mimic large- scale remote perturbations, the claim for such effects on mechanical systems cannot be validated. Because of some of the recent work in Russia, the case for these effects on biological target systems is still open. Statistical Beginning with so-called PK experiments with dice in the 1930-50s it has been claimed in the literature that small statistical effects can result from the mental intention of subjects. In 1969, Dr. Helmut Schmidt used modern technology to address this question when radioactive or electronic noise devices were used as target systems. There is a vast literature now that suggest such effects are possible on a variety of target systems; however, the effects are all small and can only be observed after sophisticated statistical analyses. 42. May, E. C., Humphrey, B. S., and Hubbard, G. S. (1980). Electronic System Perturbation Techniques. Final Report, Project 8585. SRI International, Menlo Park, CA. 44, May, E. C. and Hubbard, G. S. (1980). Phase I: Hardware Construction and System Evaluation. Quarterly Reports 1&2, Project 8585. SRI International, Menlo Park, CA. [Note: 46 was a repeat of this report in error. ] 47. May, E. C., Humphrey, B. S., and Hubbard, G. S. (1980). Phase II Test Plan. Quarterly Report 3, Project 8585. SRI International, Menlo Park, CA. *kK May, E. C. (1983). Psychokinesis Research at SRI. In Proceedings: Symposium on Applications of Anomalous Phenomena. November 30-December 1. Leesburgh, VA. This conference proceedings version is an excellent summary of the SRI study of anomalous perturbation on a true random number generators. The study is characterized by state-of-the art engineering controls and methodology. The authors report significant effects that are consistent with other such experiments. *** May, E. C., Utts, J. M. and Spottiswoode, S. J. P. (1995). Decision Augmentation Theory: Toward a Model of Anomalous Mental Phenomena. Accepted for publication in the Journal of Parapsychology. *#** May, E. C., Spottiswoode, S. J. P., and Utts, J. M. (1995). Applications of Decision Augmentation Theory. Accepted for publication in the Journal of Parapsychology. UNEDITED DRAFT 14 Approved For Release 2001/03/07 : CIA-RDP96-00791R000200170016-2
; Science Applications International Corp. - (415) 322-7960- Created: Sunday, June 18, 1995 17:52- Page 15 of 21 mT Approved For Retease-206 1/03/07-- CIA-RDP96-0079 Tt RO00200170016=2--—---------- Annotated Bibliography UNEDITED DRAFT 16 June 1995 These two papers represent a formal presentation of Decision Aug mentation Theory (DAT). DAT holds that statistical anomalous perturbation can be considered a form of anomalous cognition. That is, subjects in these experiments are “statistical opportunist” by initiating a trial to capture a locally deviant subset from an unperturbed parent population. In the second paper, the authors apply DAT to a variety of published data sets and find strong support for informational versus force- like mechanisms. These papers should be considered instead of documents 165 and 219. 169. Humphrey, B. S. and May, E. C. (1985). Bacterial Mutation Study. Final Report, Project 7408-10, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA. In a triple-blind experiment, the authors asked subjects to attempt to modify the mutation rate of Salmonella typhimurium. They observed significant effects; however, the results were more consistent with an informational process than with a force-like mechanism. 188. May, E. C., Humphrey, B. S., and Pleass, C. M. (1986). Measuring Remote Action Influence on the Vertical Component of dunaliella Velocity. Interim Report— Objective E, Task 9, Project 1291. SRI International, Menlo Park CA. 218. May, E. C. and Pleass, C. M. (1987). A Remote Action Investigation with Marine Animals. Final Report— Objective E, Task 1, Project 1291, SRI Intentional, Menlo Park, CA. These two documents describe an unsuccessful attempt to observe mental influence of living motile plant cells. The velocity was measured by Doppler lasers effects. 199a. Hubbard, G. S. and Braud, W. G. (1986). An Experiment to Test Apparent Remote Action (RA) Effects on Electrodermal Activity. Final Report— Objective E, Task 6, Project 1291. SRI International, Menlo Park, CA. 199b.Braud, W. G. and Schlitz, M. J. (1989). Possible Role of Intuitive Data Sorting in Electrodermal Biological Psychokinesis (Bio-PK). The Journal of the American Society for Psychical Research. Vol. 83, No. 4, 289-302. These two reports describe experiments where humans were the target systems. The intent was to ask an isolated and remote agent to attempt to calm or arouse the target person. The state of arousal was monitored by measuring the electrodermal skin behavior. The authors report significant effects. 225a. Hubbard, G. S., Utts, J. M., and Braud, W. G. (1987). Experimental Protocol for Hemolysis: Confirmation Experiment. SRI International, Menlo Park, CA. 225b.Braud, W. G. (1990). Distant Mental Influence of Rate of Hemolysis of Human Red Blood Cells. The Journal of the American Society for Psychical Research . Vol. 84, No. 1, 1-24. Braud observes significant effects when individuals were asked to modify the rate at which blood cells were being destroyed in a saline solution. In a later analysis May et al. show that anomalous perturbation better describes the data than does anomalous cognition—a situation which is not true for most other forms of statistical anomalous perturbation. UNEDITED DRAFT 15 Approved For Release 2001/03/07 : CIA-RDP96-00791R000200170016-2