ed For Release 2000/08/10 : CIA-RDP96-00789R003800420001 -4 Final Technical Report December 1986 Covering the Period 1 July 1986 to 15 November 1986 ENHANCED HUMAN PERFORMANCE INVESTIGATION By: EDWIN C. MAY, Ph.D. PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR Prepared for: PETER J. McNELIS, DSW CONTRACTING OFFICER'S TECHNICAL REPRESENTATIVE CONTRACT DAMD 17-85-C-5130 SRL Project 1291 Approved by: ROBERT S. LEONARD, Executive Director Geoscience and Engineering Center SI2i] international ee 6/7 TYNN International 333 Ravenswood Avenue * Menlo Park, California 94025 - U.S.A. SSZAfproved Fol ReReS202000/08/18! CHA-RDP96W07 FIRO0SH004 20001 -4 : ne ee
Approved For Release 2000/08/10 : CIA-RDP96-00789R003800420001-4 | LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS AND TABLES | { i TABLES f 1 Status of Subcontracts for FY 1986 6.0... 0... cece cece eee eteevenecenes 6 i 2 Enhanced Human Performance Investigation--FY 1986 ........ecccecscceecees 29 | 3 Financial Summary for Each Task .....0... 0.00 c cece cee ccceeucceeeeeeeevees 32 : 4 = Total Projecto... ccc eee cece eee e rent tenn bbb eben bbb ER bb ebee eee, 33 5S Cost Details 6... cece eee e teen ener er eenenenenenenns 33 : | i 4 APPENDIX B--FIGURES B-1 Conceptual Configuration of an o—Particle Experiment ..........0...c0eceseees 77 ; B-2 Single a~Particle RA Apparatus ..... 0.0... ccc cece eee c ce ceeveeuueurvneees 78 i B-3 Hardware System for Single w-particle RA Experiment ..............c00cceeees 79 7 B-4 Detail of Detector Signal Output, Radioactive Source and Position ° Sensitive Detector... 0 kc ccc cece cece een ee eben etenetebneeenes 82 i i | ! v i { Approved For Release 2000/08/10 : CIA-RDP96-00789R003800420001-4 ii
Approved For Release 2000/08/10 : CIA-RDP96-00789R003800420001-4 4 ‘ I INTRODUCTION A. Overview In accordance with the requirements set forth under the program, “Enhanced Human Performance Investigations” (Contract No. DAMD17-85-C-5130), this document provides a progress update for work performed by SRI International and its subcontractors during Fiscal Year 1986. The aim of the five-year program (FY 1986-1990) is to provide research and development in the area of psychoenergetics, B. Definitions Psychoenergetic phenomena are defined here as direct interactions between human consciousness and the environment, which, although the mechanism is unexplained, can be observed and recorded. These human capabilities fall into two main categories: (1) the acquisition of information, and (2) the production of physical effects. These can be further defined as e Remote Viewing (RV)/Extrasensory Perception (ESP)--The ability to gain access, by mental means alone, to concealed data or remote sites. ¢ Remote Action (RA)/Psychokinesis (PK)--The ability to influence, by mental means alone, physical or biological systems. Cc, Program Scope The program is designed to provide the necessary foundation to assess various aspects of psychoenergetics, - The program is highly diverse and interdisciplinary; it spans many fields and involves academic and research facilities, subcontractors, and consultants. Furthermore, it initiates an in-depth investigation into the life sciences aspects of psychoenergetic phenomena. Approved For Release 2000/08/10 : CIA-RDP96-00789R003800420001-4 Cis whic gee ame aa ge! GEE me Bi mand ne a ee MSR RS OO
Approved For Release 2000/08/10 : CIA-RDP96-00789R003800420001-4 D. Program Objectives Basically, there are three program objectives: (1) to document that psychoenergetic phenomena are real and reproducible, (2) to determine the mechanism(s) underlying these phenomena, and (3) to bring the field of psychoenergetics into the mainstream of human performance research, by providing a scientific foundation equivalent to the rest of the performance research field. In the minds of some, there is no doubt that psychoenergetic phenomena are real and reproducible. In the minds of many others, both scientific professionals and informed lay persons, this is not the case. The categories of research interest under consideration form a hierarchy Meine from basic research on fundamental mechanisms to methodologies for applications, including e Identifying explanatory mechanisms (e.g., electromagnetic effects, neurophysiological mechanisms). e Specifying phenomenological properties (e.g., the effects of distance and shielding). ® Determining physical, physiological, and psychological correlates (e.g., geophysical environment, EEG and GSR measures, and personality profiling). @ Developing optimal strategies for use in applications (e.g., statistical averaging). E. Program Resources To meet the above objectives, the SRI program is using both in-house and external expertise. For over a decade, a core group of researchers at SRI has been studying a wide variety of subjects in psychoenergetics--augmented by access to specialty centers such as our neurosciences and our microbial genetics laboratories. Some of the work is being subcontracted to institutions, groups, and consultants who have a demonstrated track record in this research area. Other subcontractors may have had no association with this field but, because of their specific area of expertise, can make valuable contributions to our program goals. Thus, the widest possible interdisciplinary™ viewpoints are available to the program, and the mixture of resources will ensure that peer group review and scientific interactions are maximized. Subcontractors and consultants currently include personnel from Princeton University, Syracuse University, John F. Kennedy University, the Palo Alto Medical Clinic, MARS Measurements Associates, the Parapsychology 2 Approved For Release 2000/08/10 : CIA-RDP96-00789R003800420001-4
Approved For Release 2000/08/10 : CIA-RDP96-00789R003800420001-4 Sources of Information Center, Mind Science Foundation, the University of Delaware, plus other consultants having expertise in specific areas of interest to the program. 3 Approved For Release 2000/08/10 : CIA-RDP96-00789R003800420001 -4
Approved For Release 2000/08/10 : CIA-RDP96-00789R003800420001-4 II PROGRESS TO DATE For this reporting period, our primary progress was made in the areas of pilot and formal experimentation. A. Status of Subcontracts Table 1 shows the current status of the subcontracts for FY 1986. For administrative purposes, it was convenient to use a number of different types of contractual agreements: Purchase Order--Agreement for nonresearch oriented deliverables. Consultant--Agreement for a single individual within a large organization. @ Services Contract-—Agreement for contracts having total funding of less than $100K. ® Full Subcontract--Agreement for contracts having total funding of greater than $100K. ” Approved For Release 2000/08/10 : CIA-RDP96-00789R003800420001-4 pc wh ae ae rs een eee Sn ee ee ee ee
Approved For Release 2000/08/10 : CIA-RDP96-00789R003800420001-4 Table 1 STATUS OF SUBCONTRACTS FOR FY 1986 Princeton Purchase 8-Jan-86 University Order PRL Services . unknown" May Contract PSIC Purchase Hubbard Order Palo Alto Purchase 5-Nov-85 Thomson Med. Clinic | Order MARS Purchase 7-Nov-85 Humphrey Associates Order Stanford Consultant 7-Feb-86 Lantz Med. Sch. Agreement Consultants | Purchase May International | Order Syracuse Services 24—Jun~86 Hubbard University Contract Mind Sci. Services 23-Jun-86 Hubbard Foundation Contract Time Res. Full terminated Hubbard Institute Contract 19-May-86 JFK Services 27-Jun-86 Hubbard University Contract University Services 19-Jun-86 Humphrey of Delaware | Contract * Contract was not awarded due to administrative delays at PRL. The final contracts with Syracuse University, Mind Science Foundation, John F. Kennedy University, and the University of Delaware were signed and in place as of the end of the third quarter. The contract with Time Research Institute was terminated as a result of extensive review of the subcontractor’s Statement of Work and qualifications. B. Progress to Date for Each Objective/Task The progress to date for each Objective and Task is described below in the order of its occurrence in the Statement of Work. Financial information for the budgeted and actual costs for each task has been provided. For those cases in which the cost differences exceed six percent, a brief explanation is afforded for the cost over- or underrun. A Approved For Release 2000/08/10 : CIA-RDP96-00789R003800420001-4
Nene nmr mies Approved For Release 2000/08/10 : CIA-RDP96-00789R003800420001-4 summary table of the finances and a detailed description of this budget adjustment may be found in Chapter VI. 1. Objective A, Task 1--Statistical Protocols and Research Design a. Technical The Scientific Oversight Committee (SOC) met for the first time on 6 January 1986 to discuss and review the protocols for the proposed experiments for FY 1986. The primary mission of the SOC is threefold: © To review (in advance) experimental protocols, and to provide critical comments where necessary. « To volunteer to monitor specific experiments in detail. A volunteer will observe the experiment in progress, determine if the original protocol specifications are being met, and review the final report as if it were a journal article. @ To recommend directions for future research. 4 A total of 17 protocols were submitted for review. The SOC found that the SRI protocols were in order and, except for one (Objective E, Task 7), the comments reflected a search for clarification on specific points. The comments for E/7 questioned the proposed approach by one of our subcontractors, Time Research Institute (TRI). The resolution of the TRI subcontract issue is detailed in Chapter III, Problem Areas. b. Financial Of the $37.5K initially budgeted, $34.0K was spent. 2. Objective A, Task 2-~A Posteriori Assessments a. Technical On 6 and 7 November 1986, SRI reconvened with the SOC for a year-end review of the FY 1986 program. Asa result of these meetings, the SOC provided a posteriori assessments of the FY 1986 experimental designs and protocols. These assessments can be found in Appendix A; SRI has appended explanatory commentary to the SOC reviews where appropriate. 7 Approved For Release 2000/08/10 : CIA-RDP96-00789R003800420001-4 ! |
Approved For Release 2000/08/10 : CIA-RDP96-00789R003800420001-4 b. Financial Of the $37.5K initially budgeted, $9.8K was spent. A posteriori assessment was not completed as of 4 October 1986. Therefore, this task was underspent. 3. Objective A, Task 3--Host RV Analysis Conference a. Technical On 26 September 1986, the Princeton Engineering Anomalies Research (PEAR) laboratory at Princeton University hosted an RV analysis conference. Two SRI staff attended the conference. We exchanged information about the difficult RV analysis question in general. Specifically, we were given a descriptor list and scoring algorithm for their current system, FIDO. FIDO will allow an analyst to give partial credit to a target or response element. After examining the FIDO material, we concluded that our fuzzy set technology accomplished that same objective, and was broader in scope. Thus, we have rejected the PEAR RV analysis technology at this time. b. Financial Of the $11.0K initially budgeted, $10.8K was spent. 4. Objective A, Task 4-~Improve RV Evaluation'* - a. Technical The FY 1986 evaluation effort has resulted in (1) refinement and extension of current techniques, and (2) identification of new technologies that will be candidates for preliminary research. The mathematical formalism for the current evaluation procedure—-the figure of merit analysis--is well understood and stable. In essence, it is a simplified automated procedure for the analysis of free-response material. As in earlier similar procedures, the target and response materials are coded as yes/no answers to a set of questions (descriptors). By definition, this coding defines the complete target and response information. The accuracy of the response is defined as the percent of the target material that is correctly described (i.e., the number of correct response bits divided by the total In-depth discussions of specific tasks can be obtained in their respective 4th Quarter FY 1986 final and/or interim technical reports, which are numerically annotated in each subsection heading, and are listed at the end of this document. 8 Approved For Release 2000/08/10 : CIA-RDP96-00789R003800420001-4
Approved For Release 2000/08/10 : CIA-RDP96-00789R003800420001-4 number of target bits = 1). The reliability of the response is defined as the percent of the response that is correct (i.e., the number of correct response bits divided by the total number of response bits = 1). The figure of merit is the product of the accuracy and reliability. The advantages and weaknesses of the figure of merit system have been identified and have been discussed (along with examples) in the FY 1986 final report for this task. One of the system’s primary advantages is its ability to provide a mechanism for systematic examination of inter-analyst reliability factors, in addition to providing a reasonable assessment of remote viewing data. Mean chance expectations (MCE) have been calculated for the figure of merit, and recommendations have been made to extend current techniques and to explore new technologies in FY 1987. b. Financial Of the $189.0K initially budgeted, $194.7K was spent. 5. Objective B, Task 1--Resource Library2 a. Technical The Parapsychology Sources of Information Center (PSIC--Rhea A. White, Director) has just completed the first year of a multiyear effort intended to provide and maintain an extensive data—base facility for parapsychological literature. During this first year, PSIC purchased the necessary hardware and software and implemented the first working version of the data base. In addition, the PSIC has entered approximately sixteen years of abstracts for each of the major parapsychological journals, ending with the current issue. The overall goal is to eventually include abstracts of bibliographic information of the entire literature of parapsychology in the data-base. Although the core of the data base will consist of English-language parapsychological journals, it will also include books, chapters, dissertations and theses, separate reports, and conference proceedings. Additionally, the data base will include abstracts (in English) of parapsychological literature not originally written in English, as well as articles on parapsychology in the journals of other disciplines (e.g., psychology, psychiatry, physics). b. Financial Of the $45.0K initially budgeted, $44.7K was spent. Approved For Release 2000/08/10 : CIA-RDP96-00789R003800420001-4
Approved For Release 2000/08/10 : CIA-RDP96-00789R003800420001-4 6. Objective C, Task 1--Health Assessments a. Technical Those individuals who have been selected (from the larger subject pool) to participate in experiments have been asked to undergo a medical examination to include ‘ @ Height, weight, pulse, and blood pressure @ Blood analysis to include -  Hgb or Het - Urea nitrogen - Sugar @ Urinalysis for albumin or sugar. Scheduling of medical examinations for experiment participants commenced during the third quarter, and eleven individuals have undergone examinations as of the close of FY 1986. . b. Financial . Of the $118.9K initially budgeted, $55.6K was reprogrammed to Objective E, Task 8. Thus, $58.3K was budgeted and $52.5K was spent. The original budget assumed that all 100 potential participants in the project would be required to have a medical exam. Later, it was decided that only the actual participants need take the exam. 7. Objective C, Task 2-~Personality Assessment? a. Technical In the continuation of a promising FY 1984 effort, the development of remote viewing (RV) subject selection criteria has continued to center, primarily, on performance—based psychological testing, and secondarily on the use of self-report instruments. The particular performance battery that was used both in this study and in the earlier FY 1984 study is the Personality Assessment System (PAS). The PAS provides a comprehensive interpretive framework for profiles of subtest performances that have been generated by the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scales (WAIS). The principal self-report test under examination was the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI). 10 Approved For Release 2000/08/10 : CIA-RDP96-00789R003800420001-4
Approved For Release 2000/08/10 : CIA-RDP96-00789R003800420001-4 \ b. Financial The contract was not awarded because of administrative problems at the Psychophysical Research Laboratories. Of the original $16.0K budgeted for this task, $8.0K will be carried forward to FY 1987. The remaining $8.0K was used to cover unscheduled administration costs. 10. Objective C, Task 5--Neuropsychological Assessment? a. Technical One of the long-term goals of the neuropsychological assessment project, should we be able to demonstrate reliable and consistent psychoenergetic functioning, is to assess the role of brain mechanisms and processes in the mediation of psychoenergetic output. As a beginning effort in this direction, a neuropsychologist, Dr. Ralph Kiernan, was contracted on a consulting basis to (1) review the Personality Assessment System (PAS) data, and (2) based on patterns found in these data, develop specific hypotheses that could be tested with a series of neuropsychological tests. His efforts resulted in a critique of the PAS as personality measure, a theory of psychoenergetic function involving the frontal lobes, and a battery of tests to examine positive frontal function as correlated with significant psychoenergetic functioning. b. Financial “ Of the $16.0K initially budgeted, $12.2K was spent resulting in an underexpenditure of $3.8K. Dr. Kiernan did not require as much time as he originally estimated to fulfill the requirements for this task. 11. Objective D, Task 1--Develop RV Training Protocols a. Technical At SRI, the apparent ability of certain individuals to provide correct descriptive information of concealed photographs or remote sites has been designated Remote Viewing (RV). While latent ability and motivation undoubtedly play a significant role, certain accomplished remote viewers have claimed that RV can be taught and learned to varying degrees. In FY 1986, SRI awarded a subcontract to Consultants International (CI) for the purpose of providing a detailed report by an expert viewer of the subjective experiences associated with RV. The goal of CI’s report was to suggest procedures that might evolve into a testable training methodology. SRI furnished an additional report to present, in abbreviated 12 Approved For Release 2000/08/10 : CIA-RDP96-00789R003800420001-4
Approved For Release 2000/08/10 : CIA-RDP96-00789R003800420001-4 form, the basic principles and techniques that CI proposed. For the purpose of testing the value of these ideas as a training methodology, two key concepts have emerged. These two concepts are that: (1) a perceptual “window” or “channel” to RV data may be briefly opened on demand through proper application of a stimulus-response type technique, and (2) once access to the target has been established, correct impressions are fleeting, vague, and generally indistinct in outline; this information is captured as “bits” of data, which are said to have a symbolic character. b. Financial OF the $34.0K initially budgeted, $33.7K was spent. 12, Objective D, Task 2--Test and Develop RV Training Protocols a. Technical i. Novice RV Training In FY 1986, SRI began a novice RV training program, using nine individuals selected by psychological! profiling and a training technology based on the two concepts outlined under Task D-1 above. The results of this experiment will be reported at the end of the first quarter of FY 1987. ii. Advanced RV Training . Two experienced remote viewers (Number 009 and Number 342), who have been responsible for helping to formulate advanced training directions, were formally calibrated during FY 1986. Viewer 009 was tested in an experimental series involving National Geographic Magazine targets; Viewer 342 was calibrated in a series using outbound sites in the San Francisco Bay Area. Both percipients demonstrated strong, Statistically significant evidence of functioning. In the advanced training program, hypothesis formulation and testing is currently underway in conjunction with Consultants International. Three out of four advanced training participants produced statistically significant RV results in an experiment designed to test whether production of photons occurs concomitantly with successful RV (see 13.a.i. below). b. Financial OFf the $377.0K initially budgeted, $388.2K was spent. 13 Approved For Release 2000/08/10 : CIA-RDP96-00789R003800420001-4
Approved For Release 2000/08/10 : CIA-RDP96-00789R003800420001-4 13. Objective E, Task 1--Fundamentals a. Technical The two experiments under Fundamentals that were approved by the SRI Human Use Review Board (HURB) involve (1) a replication of an FY 1984 study claiming weak correlation between RV figure of merit and the noise emanating from a photomultiplier,* and (2) a study of dependency of RV quality upon feedback parameters. The instrumentation necessary for both experiments has been installed in newly acquired laboratory space. Final reports detailing the results of both experiments will be delivered at the end of 3rd Quarter FY 1987. i. Photomultiplier Experiment® We conducted a replication of work published in FY 1984 in which we experimentally examined the possibility that light is emitted in the vicinity of correctly identified remote viewing (RV) target material. In that earlier experiment, a state-of-the-art, ambient temperature, photon counting system was used to monitor the target material (35-mm slides of National Geographic Magazine photographs). The statistical measure derived from the photon counting apparatus in that study showed a significant positive correlation with the RV results (p < 0.035). That is, when the remote viewing was good, there was an increase in the signal detected by the photon counting system. In addition, we observed two anomalous pulses having a signal-to-noise ratio of about 20-40:1. ” In the FY 1986 experiment, we improved all hardware aspects of the previous work, substantially reducing the background noise level, and improving shielding against artifact. In addition, analysis of the remote viewing indicates that three out of the four viewers produced independently significant results. If the probability of success is p << 0.05, the binomial probability of obtaining three out of four successful results by chance is p < 0.00048. These RV results are substantially better than those achieved in the FY 1984 study. At this time, we have not completed the detailed statistical analysis comparing the photomultiplier tube (PMT) output with the RV results. However, all data collection is complete and visual inspection of the RV trials does not reveal any large anomalous pulses. Our preliminary conclusion is that the anomalies observed earlier were the result of transients in the experimental apparatus arising from normal sources. ii. Feedback Dependency Experiment’ The issue of information source in a correct remote viewing (RV) response has practical implications for experimental protocols as well as for defining the 14 Approved For Release 2000/08/10 : CIA-RDP96-00789R003800420001-4
Approved For Release 2000/08/10 : CIA-RDP96-00789R003800420001-4 mechanism involved. In an attempt to partially address the issue of information source, we designed an experiment to examine the role of feedback in an RV experiment. For purposes of learning, immediate feedback (in the form of pictorial representations of target material) has become a standard part of our RV protocol. We wish to determine the degree to which the quality of an RV response is a function of the magnitude of feedback. Four calibrated remote viewers will receive tachistoscopically delivered feedback of target pictures at varying intensity levels. Figure of merit analysis of RV data will be correlated with the intensity level of the feedback. b. Financial Of the $252.0K initially budgeted, $265.9K was spent. The 5.5% overrun on this project is because of minor additional administration costs and unforeseen task start-up costs. 14, Objective E, Task 2--Search® a. Technical One reported psychoenergetic skill, known to the general public as “dowsing,” is the ability to locate lost or hidden items of interest. In an effort to bring this putative ability that we call “search” into the laboratory, we conducted a computer—assisted-search (CAS) experiment. Participants scanned a computer graphics display and attempted to locate a hidden computer-generated target. We explored two conditions: (1) the target was fixed in space~—space condition, and (2) the target was randomly shifting locations each millisecond-—time condition. Eight of 36 participants showed above chance ability (p < 0.027) to find computer~generated targets in our laboratory simulation of dowsing ability. This replicates and extends the results of work done in FY . 1984, and provides a pool of individuals for a formal study of search techniques. A final report detailing advances in search technology will be delivered at the end of the 3rd Quarter FY 1987. b. Financial Of the $252.0K initially budgeted, $263.2K was spent. The 4.4% overrun on this project is because of minor additional administration costs and unforeseen task start-up costs. 15 Approved For Release 2000/08/10 : CIA-RDP96-00789R003800420001-4
Approved For Release 2000/08/10 : CIA-RDP96-00789R003800420001-4 1S. Objective E, Task 3--Pseudorandom Number Generators (PRNG)S a. Technical The hypothesis under test with the pseudorandom number generator (PRNG) experiment is whether individuals are able to make a decision (and subsequently act upon it) based upon information available only at a future time. We have developed a model, called Intuitive Data Sorting (IDS), that might account for such an ability. The particular mathematical formulation of the IDS model applied to PRNG experiments contains a specific prediction: the z-score distribution derived from the PRNG data will possess a variance significantly greater than one. A secondary consideration is to determine whether the variance contains a sequence length dependency. We accomplish this by varying the sequence length resulting from a single press of a button. In 1985, Radin and May* reported pilot results for two participants (Number 105 and Number 531) who were selected on the basis of past successful . performance in PRNG experiments. In the 1985 pilot experiment, participants 531 and 105 contributed 500 and 298 trials respectively. The analysis showed that neither of the participants produced sequence length dependencies different from MCE (i.e., a slope of -0.5). However, the analysis revealed that both individuals showed independently significant evidence for IDS (i.e,. the intercepts were significantly above MCE at the p < 0.005 level for each participant). Thus, our tentative conclusion from these data is that IDS appears possible, at least with these two participants. During the FY 1986 program, we conducted the experiment in two phases: a screening phase and an experiment phase. For the screening phase, we asked 20 individuals to contribute 100 trials each under the protocol described above. All but four of them completed this task. For availability reasons, the remaining participants contributed varying numbers of trials (less than 100). We had decided to select seven individuals from within the pilot group to participate in a formal PRNG IDS experiment. The criterion for being included in the formal group was that the participant had to produce a significant increase above MCE of the variance of the z-score distribution over 100 trials (the MCE variance = 1.0). Radin, D. I., and May, E. C., “Testing the Intuitive Data Sorting Model with Pseudorandom Number Generators: A Proposed Method,” Proceedings of the Presented Papers of the 29th Annual Parapsychological Association Convention, pp. 539-554, Sonoma State University, Rohnert Park, California (August 1986) 16 Approved For Release 2000/08/10 : CIA-RDP96-00789R003800420001-4
Approved For Release 2000/08/10 : CIA-RDP96-00789R003800420001-4 Of the 16 participants who finished the 100 trial series, only one, Number 531, met the above requirement (variance = 1.37, p < 0.008). The second best performer, however, produced a variance = 1.21 (p < 0.07). Judging from the 1984 study, we would not expect to see a significant intercept after only 100 trials, and none were observed. While it is particularly interesting that Participant 531 maintains his/her consistent performance, we felt that we should continue the pilot screening until we are able to select seven significant participants. Thus, at this point, we have nothing to report for the formal experiment. b. Financial Of the $62.5K initially budgeted, $64.0K was spent. 16. Objective E, Task 4--IDS Test9 a. Technical We have been in the process of developing a comprehensive model of psychoenergetic functioning called Intuitive Data Sorting (IDS). Extending purely philosophical arguments, we derive specific mathematical predictions for the interpretation of random number generator experiments. In our analysis of an RNG experiment conducted at the Princeton Engineering Anomalies Research (PEAR) laboratory at Princeton University, we note that we are consistent with their analysis: while the magnitude of the effects are small, they are, nonetheless, persistent and statistically robust. Unfortunately, their data were not collected to provide a specific test of our IDS model. Thus, the sequence lengths that were chosen and, more importantly, the number of trials collected at each sequence length, were not optimized for our test. In the extreme, if all the data were collected at a single sequence length, our IDS analysis would be completely inappropriate (i.e., the IDS formalism requires testing as a function of sequence length). To first order, these Princeton data suffer from the same problem. Sixty-five percent of the total data were collected at a single sequence length (i.e., 2,000), which was the only sequence length that scored a mean chance expectation. Because the data were not collected uniformly as a function of sequence length, it is difficult to interpret the results of analysis. It is, therefore, premature to speculate upon forms of either remote action (RA) or IDS models that can fit their data. 1? Approved For Release 2000/08/10 : CIA-RDP96-00789R003800420001-4 ie cence ae came eS ene gg ate TS te
Approved For Release 2000/08/10 : CIA-RDP96-00789R003800420001-4 b. Financial Of the $11.0K initially budgeted, $10.9K was spent. 17. Objective E, Task 5--RA Effects on RNGs'° a. Technical In FY 1986, SRI awarded a subcontract to the Communication Studies Department at Syracuse University for the purpose of determining the effects of distance between remote action (RA) subjects and random number generators (RNGs) and to determine subjects’ performance differences in influencing RNG’s based on fundamentally different sources of random noise. This subcontract is in part a “joint venture,” because SRI is providing three different RNGs and a computer-controlled communications link to serve as the “distant” half of the experiment. Unforeseen delays arose in the subcontracting process, and as a result the subcontract was not in place until 24 June 1986. These delays were due to questions regarding the use of human subjects, differences in the cost-accounting procedures of SRI and Syracuse, a dispute over the publication approval process, and the designation of a new principal investigator at Syracuse. (Professor Edward Storm has replaced Dr. Robert Morris who moved to Edinburgh University in January of 1986.) As a consequence of the delayed start, no experimental data were recorded as of 15 November 1986. However, all of the specialized hardware and software necessary to generate random numbers from a noise diode, B-decay, and a pseudorandom algorithm have been developed and debugged. In addition, the telecommunications data link software has been written and test data have been successfully transmitted between SRI and Syracuse. The staff at Syracuse has volunteered to complete the pilot and confirmation experimental work so that we anticipate receiving a report on the outcome during FY 1987. b. Financial Of the $38.0K initially budgeted, $37.4K was spent. 18. (U) Objective E, Task 6--RA Effects on Skin Parameters'! a. Technical The Mind Science Foundation (MSF) examined possible remote action influences on biological systems. This experiment attempted to determine whether an 18 Approved For Release 2000/08/10 : CIA-RDP96-00789R003800420001-4
des t Approved For Release 2000/08/10 : CIA-RDP96-00789R003800420001-4 apparent RA influence on the electrodermal activity of an individual could be explained in part by intuitive data sorting during the experiment rather than by an actual RA “force.” The results provided evidence for a psi effect in the RA condition (p = 0.019), no evidence for a psi effect in the IDS condition, and a psi score superiority of the RA over the [DS condition, which very closely approached significance (p = 0.08, two-tailed). We note, however, two problems in the experimental procedure that render these results uninterpretable. One, a rest period whose duration was determined by the key participant was interposed after each effort period. Because a fundamental difference in the two conditions was intended to be a fixed versus flexible protocol, the effect of this variable rest period was to render the RA and IDS conditions indistinguishable when attempting to interpret the outcome. Second, the order in which the two conditions were carried out during the experiment was based upon the timing of a computer keyboard carriage return, which occurred while the experimenter was entering information about the subject. If we assume the existence of psychic functioning, it is clear from the above procedure that the experimenter had the first opportunity to “sort” the data. In this way, the experimenter could have enhanced the probability that the final outcome of the study would conform to his/her prejudice. In our Recommendation Section,'' we submit alternative protocols to help alleviate these difficulties in future experiments. b. Financial Of the $16.0K initially budgeted, $15.8K was spent. 19. (U) Objective E, Task 7--Correlates with ELF and Geomagnetic Variables a. Technical (U) Asa result of extensive analysis of the subcontractor’s Statement of Work and qualifications, the decision was made to terminate Time Research Institute’s subcontract. This termination was effective 19 May 1986. The reasons for termination of this subcontract are outlined under Chapter III, Problem Areas. b. ' Financial Of the $107.0K initially budgeted, $106.1K was spent. While this cask was halted on 19 May 1986, SRI personnel time was required for the orderly suspension of activity. Thus, there was not an appreciable savings in cost. 19 Approved For Release 2000/08/10 : CIA-RDP96-00789R003800420001-4 |
Approved For Release 2000/08/10 : CIA-RDP96-00789R003800420001-4 20. Objective E, Task 8--RA Effects on Strain Gauges!2 a. Technical Researchers from John F. Kennedy University, under subcontract from SRI, have provided five Participants for a series of remote action experiments conducted ‘at SRI. Each participant was asked to influence one of a pair of piezoelectric strain gauges, operating in anticoincidence Mode, so as to produce an event above a predetermined threshold. The threshold was defined as a system output of 25 mV, where 4 mV is the normal system noise. Altogether, the five Participants contributed 20 sessions, each lasting approximately 90 minutes. The last eight sessions were conducted under the most rigorous conditions, in which the sensor enclosure was in a locked laboratory adjacent to the participant’s room. At that point, the Participant was approximately three meters from the sensor pair. Under those conditions, one of the participants produced a total of 11 events above threshold distributed in three Separate effort periods over two sessions on different days. Control trials of up to six hours in length were recorded with no one Present in the experimental room but with normal activity in the rest of the building. No equivalent, uncorrelated events above threshold were detected in those control periods. Known sources of artifactual events (electromagnetic, acoustic, mechanical, infrared) were considered, and wherever possible were controlled, minimized, or measured, However, some potential but unlikely sources of artifact (such as cosmic Tays or extremely low-frequency magnetic fields) were excluded from consideration in this initial series of experiments. The preliminary and pilot nature of these sessions cannot be stressed too strongly, especially because all possible sources of artifact have not been excluded. Nonetheless, our conclusion at this time is that sufficient data have been collected to warrant further investigation. b. Financial The $30.6K initially budgeted was later ammended to $78.8K. Of this amount, $79.9K was spent. , 20 Approved For Release 2000/08/10 : CIA-RDP96-00789R003800420001-4
Approved For Release 2000/08/10 : CIA-RDP96-00789R003800420001-4 21. Objective E, Task 9--RA Effects on Marine Algae’? a. Technical | The College of Marine Studies of the University of Delaware has been from conducting experiments with Dunalielia algae for a number of years. They claim that a individuals are able to cause significant changes in the velocity of single algae cells. SRI International has formulated a different hypothesis to explain their putative effect--i.e., individuals initiate experimental runs at a time during which the algae will naturally swim in the prescribed fashion. This ability is called Intuitive Data Sorting. The interim technical report on this experiment contains a historical overview of the effort at the University of Delaware and a detailed outline of a proposed experimental test of the IDS model. b. Financial Of the $16.0K initially budgeted, $16.0K was spent. 22. Objective F, Task 1--Single Particle Hardware ne . a. Technical i. Single a-particle Experiment The 4th Quarter FY 1986 final report detailing the status of the me Single a~particle experiment is included in its entirety as Appendix B. . ii. Single Photon Experiment?4 Since the inception of quantum mechanics, there has been a debate as to whether consciousness plays a part in determining physical reality. We propose an experiment to examine this question empirically. In a standard, few~photon Michelson-Morley interference experiment, a quantum effect (i.e., interference) is seen because of the uncertainty about which path was traversed by the photon. We will modify this standard interferometer by placing a shutter, controlled by a random event derived from his B-decay, in each of the two interference paths. When both shutters are open simultaneously (i.e., equivalent to the standard setup), an interference pattern will be seen at the detector. If both shutters are closed simultaneously, no light reaches the detector. If a human 21 Approved For Release 2000/08/10 : CIA-RDP96-00789R003800420001-4
on Approved For Release 2000/08/10 : CIA-RDP96-00789R003800420001-4 “observer” is watching while one or the other shutter is closed, no interference is seen. E. H. Walker claims that this is so not because of the apparatus (i.e., the metal shutter stops light), but rather because the observer knows which path was traversed by the photon. * We test Walker’s hypothesis by asking what happens when one shutter at a time is open and the observer does not know (and can never learn) which one is open when. There are two possible results: (1) an interference pattern will be seen, or (2) no pattern will be seen. If the first case is true, Walker would be correct. The metal shutter would not be sufficient to determine reality. Because consciousness (i.e., the knowledge about which shutter was closed) is the only element that was missing, we would conclude that consciousness is necessary to determine reality. The prevailing opinion in physics, however, is that consciousness is not necessary, and therefore no interference pattern will be seen. b. Financial Of the $60.0K initially budgeted, $59.2K was spent. 23. Objective F, Task 2--Real-Time Computer and RA Hardware a. Technical We received the following real-time computer hardware and interface equipment on or near 15 March 1986: ® Sun Microsystem 3/160 computer including - 4 Mbytes of main memory - 1 75-Mbyte disk - 2 color monitors, keyboards, and mice - 1 ethernet interface - 1 GPIB interface for the CAMAC real-time front end. @ CAMAC interface equipment including - 1 CAMAC crate - 1 CAMAC GPIB crate controller -  6=channel, 50-MHz counter - 16-bit relay-output register Walker, E. H., Private Communication, (June 1985). 22 Approved For Release 2000/08/10 : CIA-RDP96-00789R003800420001-4
Approved For Release 2000/08/10 : CIA-RDP96-00789R003800420001-4 E. H. . - 48-bit change-of-state module ight), -  Dataway display -  §8-channel, 12-bit, 100-kHz transient recorder (ADC) ne - 32 Kbyte memory one is - Programmable clock (2) no - Prototype module. iter Since that date, the real-time computer system has been working in a . projection mode by controlling the photomultiplier tube and the tachistoscope experiment. le that aver, is b. Financial Of the $85.0K initially budgeted, $90.7K was spent resulting in an overexpenditure of $4.3K. This overrun was due to unexpected hardware failure. ‘face 23 Approved For Release 2000/08/10 : CIA-RDP96-00789R003800420001-4
Approved For Release 2000/08/10 : CIA-RDP96-00789R003800420001-4 III PROBLEM AREAS As a result of the SOC comments at the commencement of the FY 1986 program, substantial criticism was directed toward the Time Research Institute (TRI) subcontract. An extensive review of TRI’s proposed Statement of Work, facilities, techniques, and qualifications was subsequently carried out by SRI, and three major problem areas were revealed; (1) tenuous overall scientific justification for pursuing this area of investigation; (2) inaccurate measurement techniques employed by TRI; and (3) questionable statistical approaches proposed by TRI for data analysis. As a result of this review, the decision was made to terminate TRI's subcontract. This termination was effective 19 May 1986. At the time of the termination, approximately $25,000 remained in this subcontract. TRI has provided an initial estimate of approximately $9,800 in termination expenses. According to Federal Acquisition Regulations (FAR), however, TRI has until one year after the termination date to formalize its claims. In addition, a determination must be made as to the disposition of the equipment purchased by the subcontractor under the present contract and the one immediately preceding. Therefore, a final settlement on the TRI subcontract is still pending. 25 Approved For Release 2000/08/10 : CIA-RDP96-00789R003800420001-4
Approved For Release 2000/08/10 : CIA-RDP96-00789R003800420001-4 IV ADMINISTRATIVE COMMENTS This section has been included to provide a chronological overview of the following significant technical and administrative meetings that took place during FY 1986: The Scientific Oversight Committee (SOC) met for the first time on 6 January 1986 to discuss and review the protocols for the proposed experiments for FY 1986. A technical meeting was held on 26 February 1986 with C. Honorton (Psychophysical Research Laboratories) and D. I. Radin (Bell Laboratories) to discuss technical issues concerning the meta-analysis of random number generator data. Client representatives visited SRI on 12 March 1986 to discuss administrative and technical issues and to obtain a program status update. SRI personnel met with E. H. Walker (Aberdeen Proving Ground) on 21 March 1986 to discuss the feasibility of implementing Walker's proposed single-photon experiment. SRI personnel attended the Personality Assessment System (PAS) annual conference that was held in Arlington, Virginia, from 18 to 20 April 1986. The purpose was to obtain an overview of current PAS applications and to determine the status of PAS acceptance within the mainstream psychological community. A technical meeting was held on 27 June 1986 with consultant J. Spottiswoode to discuss technical issues concerning the evaluation of RV data. On 25 and 26 September 1986, SRI personnel met with researchers at the Princeton Engineering Anomalies Research laboratory for technical discussions concerning RV evaluation technologies. On 6 and 7 November 1986, SRI reconvened with the SOC for a year-end review of the FY 1986 program. As a result of these meetings, the SOC provided a posteriori assessments of the FY 1986 experimental designs and protocols. 27 Approved For Release 2000/08/10 : CIA-RDP96-00789R003800420001-4
Approved For Release 2000/08/10 : CIA-RDP96-00789R003800420001-4 V PROJECT MILESTONE CHART The overall project milestone chart for FY 1986 is shown in Table 2. Table 2 ENHANCED HUMAN PERFORMANCE INVESTIGATION--FY 1986 a ee bd ay Objective A Task 4 - Protocols: Design Objective B ~ Library | Objective C. - Psychophysiological Profile Task 2 Objective D - Training Objective E - RV and RA Parameters Task 2 Task 3 Task 4 Task 5 Task 6 Task 7 End With Deliverable e@ Deliverable Objective F - Hardware Construction 29 Approved For Release 2000/08/10 : CIA-RDP96-00789R003800420001-4
Approved For Release 2000/08/10 : CIA-RDP96-00789R003800420001-4 VI COST SUMMARY The following is the overall project cost summary that was referenced in Chapter I, Introduction. Table 3 shows a cost summary on a task-by—task basis. The amount budgeted in the SOW for each Objective/Task was divided into project and administrative costs. The amount spent is shown as project and administrative costs also. The totals and percent differences are shown in the last two columns respectively. Any significant difference is explained under the appropriate Objective/Task heading in Chapter II. Total project expenditures are detailed in Table 4. These funds reflect expended funds, but do not include committed, but unspent, funds. The data in Table 3, however, include committed funds. The project total expenditure for FY 1986 was within $500 of the budgeted amount of $1,887.5K. 31 Approved For Release 2000/08/10 : CIA-RDP96-00789R003800420001-4
Approved For Release 2000/08/10 : CIA-RDP96-00789R003800420001-4 Table 4 TOTAL PROJECT $K Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Table 5 COST DETAILS ($K) Total Total Date Expenditures Expenditures This Period To Date | _22-eb-ss | 1sa.raa_| 518.834 22-Mar-86 19-Apr-86 17-May-86 14-Jun-86 12-Jul-86 86 06-Sep-86 139.960 1,702.878 04-Oct-86 86.627 1,789.506 33 Approved For Release 2000/08/10 : CIA-RDP96-00789R003800420001-4
Approved For Release 2000/08/10 : CIA-RDP96-00789R003800420001-4 Psychoenergetic Tasks” to “Neuropsychological Exploration of Psychoenergetic Functioning.” Regarding Dr. Zimbardo’s additional comments, his suggestions will be considered in experiments to be conducted in subsequent years. We will be exploring central nervous system correlates of psychoenergetic function through the use of neuromagnetometry during FY 1987. 48 Approved For Release 2000/08/10 : CIA-RDP96-00789R003800420001-4