datamatters24/research-document-archive huggingface dataset:
Approved For Release 2002/05/17 : CIA-RDP96-00792R0001001 200084 WEMO To: Marsha Adams Pater L Aug 1984 Froma Hal Puthoff Location: SRI SG1J Sub jects RV Results cCr [| Attached are RV results from an earlier series of tests which are well analyzed, and therefore ready for correlation against geophysical variables. Two rating scales are given, a "blind-place-match" scale and an “accuracy-rating" scale. The latter is probably the better one to correlate against, since it is move representative of the 4 of accurate information. Approved For Release 2002/05/17 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000100120008-6
Approved For Release 2002/05/17 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000100120008-6 Table 3 TOTAL SCORES FOR EACH OF THE SIX VIEWERS - IN PHASE-ONE ORIENTATION PROGRAM Viewer No, 155 Accuracy Target Blind Place Match Rating _5/\4/79 \400 White Plaza (Stanford) 1 5 s/s/77? \0#O Stanford Art Museum 4 3 5/1/79 095% Fire Circle 5 3 5/17/77 \0'0 Logo 6 0 s/i7/74 ‘1420 Valombrosa Conference Center 6 2 5/18/77 {010 Pedestrian Overpass 4 3 NS (nonsignificant) 16 Accuracy Target Blind Place Match Rating 5/21/74 \410 SRI Courtyard 3 3 &/22/7% 0950 varsity Theater Arcade 2 5 5/23/79 1030 Glass Slipper Motel 6 0) 5/24/74 tO\S Wallbangers Racquetball Court 4 4 5/24/79 1930 Airport Tower 1 6 5/25/79 jouw Shielded Room _5 _o NS 18 Approved For Release 2002/05/17 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000100120008-6
Approved For Release 2002/05/17 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000100120008-6 Table 3 (continued) ’ Viewer No. 372 Accuracy Target Blind Place Match Rating 6/4/79 \MS Stanford Art Museum 2 4 6/5/79 0950 Baylands Nature Preserve 1 5 ‘6/6/79 |0A0A1lta Mesa Cemetery 2 4 6/7/77 \ooCJungle Gym 1 5 6/7/79 (415salt Pile 1 3 6/8/79 fooS Brickyard 1 3 p < 0.003 24 Viewer No. 468 Accuracy Target Blind Place Match Rating 6/ 1\/79 1405Merr y-Go-Round 2 0 6/12/79 9950Windmill 1 3 6/13/77 1000 Stanford Art Museum 4 3 6/4477 6745 Methodist Church 1 5 6/14/79 1435Four Seasons Restaurant Arch 1 5 @s/7% |OooMt. Alverno Conference Center 1 _5 p < 0.003 21 Viewer No, 518 Accuracy Target Blind Place Match Rating 7}\4/7> 1460 Stanford Shopping Center 1 3 w17/27g (030 Bowling Alley 1 1 7/\8/7¢ Iolo Alta Mesa Cemetery 2 1 7/9/79 1010 Hoover Tower 1 4 749/79 1435 Swimming Pool Complex 2 4 7/20/79 1005 Miniature Golf Course 1 2 p < 0.003 15 Approved For Release 2002/05/17 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000100120008-6
Approved For Release 2000/08/10 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000100120009-5 Table 4 : * SUMMARY OF RV DATA FOR VIEWER 753 Trial Number Targeting Technique Target Site Accuracy Rating q ‘ Pfs i; Dome House 1ofe/ ei Bridge in Park 1436 Noris/ arf - Salt Pile 1420 Fisole it Children's Playground 7/20] #1} Swimming Pool 1060 lo/se/ ay Church on Hill i430 bapa t —— 3 Varsity Theatre of HEY Banana Records Building \o/20/sif Tennis Courts 1436 een 1430 Cemetery 1 2 top /al Miniature Golf apie 5.5 Coordinates with } 130 we 5. Mid- i F tofelen Victorian House 3.5 3 id-session Feedback 15 $0 * The viewer shows significant differences between conditions A, B, C (one-way analysis of variance; df, = 2, df, = 6: F = 7.,69--F = 5.14 required for p < 0.05). First set of evaluations are made on the basis of material generated before feedback; Second set, on the basis of the entire transcript, SL Approved For Release 2000/08/10 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000100120009-5
730/79 7/31/79 E// 77 B/2(77 2/2/79 #/3/79 Approved For Release 2002/05/17 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000100120008-6 Table 3 (concluded) ‘Viewer ‘No, 690 Accuracy Target Blind Place Match Rating 1490 alta Mesa Cemetery 1 2 ©4FYSO Four Seasons Restaurant Arch 1 4 1000 Shielded Room 1 5 09594 Automobile Showroom 1 4 1430 Palo Alto Library Stacks 5 0 0%750 Methodist Church 1 _4 p < 0.002 19 Note: The probability of obtaining 4 significant series out of 6 by chance is itself significant at odds of less than one in ten thousand. Approved For Release 2002/05/17 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000100120008-6
Approved For Release 2002/05/17
: CIA-RDP96-00792R0001 001 2000^
MEMO
To:
Marsha
Adams
Froms
Hal.
Puthoff
Subject:
RV Results
Dates
Aug
1984
Location:
SRI
CC:
I
Attached
are
RV results from
an
earlier series
of tests
which
are
well
analyzed,
and
therefore ready for correlation against geophysical
variables.
Two rating scales
are
given,
a
"blind-place-match" scale
and
an
"accuracy-rating"
scale.
The
latter
is probably the better one to
correlate against,
since
it
is more representative
of
the
X of accurate
information.
SGI J
Approved For Release 2002/05/17
: CIA-RDP96-00792R0001 001 20008-6
Approved For Release 2002/05/17
: CIA-RDP96-00792R0001 001 20008-6
Table 3
TOTAL SCORES FOR EACH OF THE SIX VIEWERS
IN PHASE-ONE ORIENTATION PROGRAM
I
i
Viewer No.
155
Accuracy
Target
Blind Place Match
Rating
l+Pd
White Plaza
(Stanford)
I0#O
Stanford Art Museum
Fire Circle
i o io
Logo
s/i7 l“i°i
14 2.0 Valombrosa Conference Center
5’/,e / 77
toio
Pedestrian Overpass
NS
(nonsignificant)
Viewer No.
292
Target
Accuracy
Blind Place Match
Rating
Ml0
SRI Courtyard
£-/-z.i/79
oiso Varsity Theater Arcade
5/ 2 3/79
1030
Glass
Slipper Motel
5-/X4/7 9
lOfS Wallbangers Racquetball
5-/19/79
IS 30 Airport Tower
£/z_sy7 9
I OW Shielded Room
Court
—
_0
NS
Approved For Release 2002/05/17
: CIA-RDP96-00792R0001 001 20008-6
Approved For Release 2002/05/17
: CIA-RDP96-00792R000 100 120008-6
Table 3
(continued)
Viewer No. 372
Accuracy
Target
Blind Place Match
Rating
6/4/79
•4*S' Stanford Art Museum
Baylands Nature Preserve
6 /6/79
103.0 Alta Mesa Cemetery
10 i3oJungle Gym
6/'7/77 |41 5 Salt Pile
6J$/l
ct
»oorBrickyard
p < 0.003
_3
Target
Viewer No.
468
Blind Place Match
Accuracy
Rating
/^<55Merry-Go-Round
6/12/7? O^Windmill
6/(5/77
Stanford Art Museum
O^V^Methodist Church
ii/w/79 /^J^Four Seasons Restaurant Arch
fOooMt. Alverno Conference Center
p < 0.003
_5
Target
Viewer No,
518
Blind Place Match
Accuracy
Rating
7/ 14/7? \Hbb Stanford Shopping Center
7/17/79 (030 Bowling Alley
7/l$/79 lolO Alta Mesa Cemetery
7/f9/7<M0(O Hoover Tower
7/l9/79 193? Swimming Pool Complex
7/a£/79 i&oS Miniature Golf Course
p < 0.003
_2
Approved For Release 2002/05/17
: CIA-RDP96-00792R0001 001 20008-6
Approved For Release 2002/05/17
: CIA-RDP96-00792R0001 001 20008-6
Table 3
(concluded)
Viewer No.
690
Target
Accuracy
Blind Place Match
Rating
z/jo/7^
14 00
Alta Mesa Cemetery
7/31/7*)
o'tSO Four Seasons Restaurant Arch
gy't/7?
IOOO
Shielded Room
•8/if '7’?
O 9 5“ 0 Automobile Showroom
9/a/77
1 4"30 Palo Alto Library Stacks
0°lSO Methodist Church
p < 0.002
Note:
The probability of obtaining 4 significant series
out
of
6 by chance
is itself significant at odds
of
less
than
one in ten thousand.
Approved For Release 2002/05/17
: CIA-RDP96-00792R0001 001 20008-6
ERO Tas Marsha Adams Dates 2 Aug 1984 Frome Hal Puthot? Location: SRI Sub jacts RY Results Il ccs SG1J Attached is a second set of RY results from our historical data base against which to run correlations. Approved For Release 2000/08/10 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000100120009-5
Approved For Release 2000/08/10
: CIA-RDP96-00792R0001 001 20009-5
Table
SUMMARY OF RV DATA FOR VIEWER 753*
Approved For Release 2000/08/10
: CIA-RDP96-00792R0001 001 20009-5
:Y
OF
RV
DATA
FOR
VIEWER
807
Approved For Release 2000/08/10
: CIA-RDP96-00792R0001 001 20009-5
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Approved For Release 2000/08/10
: CIA-RDP96-00792R0001 001 20009-5
on
the
basis
of
the
entire
transcript.
SUMMARY
OF
RV
DATA
FO
Approved For Release 2000/08/10
: CIA-RDP96-00792R0001 001 20009-5
Approved For Release 2000/08/10
: CIA-RDP96-00792R0001 001 20009-5
First
set
of
evaluations
are
made
on
the
basis
of
material
generated
before
feedback;
second
set
,
on
the
basis
of
the
entire
transcript.
ee eee set A are shown to fallsomewhat pproved For Release 2000/08/10 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000100130006-7 above the line representing perfect replication. Figure 1 shows that although set B reflects more successful replication than set A, the ‘atter is also located fairly close to the line and is, therefore, a fairly successful replication set as well. The results of replication set C, however, are shown to fall rather far from the diagonal of perfect replication. Cohen's q. An alternative to the indexing of the success of replication by the difference between obtained effect size r’s is to transform the r’s to Fisher’s Z’s before taking the difference. Fisher's Z metric is distributed nearly normally and can thus be used in setting confidence intervals and testing hypotheses about r’s, whereas rs distribution is skewed and the more so as the population value of r moves further from zero. Cohen’s q is especially useful for testing the significance of difference between. two obtained effect size r’s. This is accomplished by means of the fact that a N,3 Wo is distributed as Z, the standard normal deviate (Rosenthal, 1984; Rosenthal & Rubin, 1982a, Snedecor & Cochran, 1980). When there are more than two effect size r’s to be evaluated for their variability (i.e., heterogeneity) we can simply compute the standard deviation (S) among the r's or their Fisher Z equivalents. Ifa test of Approved For Release 2000/08/10 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000100130006-7
-— Approved For Release 2000/08/10 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000100120010-3 environment. In fact, the ELF environment in the Ft. Meade area, where we work, is not even considered in the report. In short, the findings of the report have little to do with our operations, and do not effectively answer the questions we were asking when the project began. 5. Recommendations for subsequent actions: In view of the findings of the SRI study, certain actions on our part are now appropriate for our optimum functioning: A. Since a relationship has been established between sunspot cycles and RV performance, we should now access open source information about sunspot’ cycles, to predict optimum operational times. B. Since individual performance has been shown to vary, in spite of ELF intensity variations, we should now conduct a study of our personnel to determine who will have optimum performance times, and when. C. Since the tasking did not require the ambient environment of our worksite to be established, it should now be done, and compared to the findings of the SRI study. D. Continuing data bases should be kept on our RV performance and our ELF environment. Now that the SRI study has shown the most efficient method of analysis for such data, we should continue it on our own, for prediction of optimum operational conditions. 6. Recommendations for future contractual studies: Future contracts for studies related to our field of operations should, without fail, contain the following requirements: A. Studies done for us concerning RV personnel should use our personnel. This is the only way in which the individual tendencies of our personnel, and the resulting effects on our operational capabilities can be measured, studied, and predicted. B. Studies done for us concerning environmental aspects should include our environment. This is the only way we will be able to predict the effects our present environment will have on us, and is the only way we can predict what changes will occur with any projected change in environment. C. Any studies done for us concerning operational aspects of remote viewing, either for intelligence or counterintelligence purposes should be conducted in our operational environment. This is the only way a planned study can meet the unpredictable obstacles and tasks provided by our real-time work environment. A removed study will produce a textbook for us to read. An involved, hands-on study will produce an operating manual for us to use in our daily operations. Approved For Release 2000/08/10 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000100120010-3 3
Approved Fen Release, 2p0i08/10, :4g1A;RP96-00792R000100120014-9 Funding was received for this task on 15 November. Discussions were held with R. Leonard with regard toe individuals within the Radio Physics Laboratory and among SRI consultants who will cooperate in carrying out this task. The first efforts an this task are to begin 6 December with a meeting mith the primary consultant, Marsha Adams. Approved For Release 2000/08/10 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000100120014-9
Approved) Fankaleanenk 00g a Qe.C|AsRRAG-00792R0001 00120014-9 Project Director Puthoff and Subcontractor Mf. adams of Time Research Institute worked out the details of an overall plan and a work statement Ko carry aut the ELF task (see attached subcontract). COTR representative Atwater mas briefed on 1? January during a site visit to the Menlo Park facility as to the progress on this task. Several task subelewents have bean activated, such as arranging for SRI Burroughs computer programs ta be reformatted for the IBM XT ta be used on project, ordering of equipment, Literature search, initial ELF heasurements at the Los Altos subcantractor facility, etc. Heanwhile, all RV data gathered on the various tasks are keyed as to date and time of day for later correlation againgt geophysical variable measurement. Approved For Release 2000/08/10 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000100120014-9
+ Approved For Release 2000/08/10 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000100120014-9 6600 Sub 5 - ~ ELF/RV Correlation Study SRI international 333 Ravenswood Ave. ¢ Menlo Park, CA 94025 @ (415) 326-6200 « TWX: 910-373-1246 * TELEX: 334463 © Facsimile: (415) 326-5512 Approved For Release 2000/08/10 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000100120014-9
Approved For Release 2000/08/10 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000100120014-9 I TASK SHEET Approved For Release 2000/08/10 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000100120014-9
SGFOIA2 Approved For Release 2000/08/10 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000100120014-9 Approved For Release 2000/08/10 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000100120014-9
Approved For Release 2000/08/10 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000100120014-9 15. End-of-Year Sponsor Evaluation 16. Recommendation for Follow-On Project (1) Sponsor: (2) Contractor: Approved For Release 2000/08/10 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000100120014-9
*
Approved For Release 2000/08/lifi^i?P96-00792R0001 001 2001 6-7
TO:
Sjglg.
Jachim
13 May 1983
Subject:
Additional Tasks
1.
Enclosed are the materials you requested during my visit.
If
these are
not
suitable or if
you require additional information,
please let
me know.
In looking at
the work schedule,
it will
not be possible to begin these
tasks until
late in this fiscal
year.
The work will not be completed until
the end of FY’84.
2.
If
you are pleased with the enclosed drafts,
let me know what
your next
step will
be.
We stand ready to prepare and forward an official proposal.
3.
In addition to the projects in which you have indicated an interest,
I am
-including a sheet on another topic that we here at SRI believe will be of
value to
you.
4.
Please
let me know if
I
can assist
you in anyway.
941/CL-0001
This document contains
6 pages
Copy No.
/
NOT RELEASABLE TO FOREIGN NATIONALS —
Approved For Release 2000/08/10
: CIA-RDP96-00792R0001 001 2001 6-7
4jnjnrr
vinirunSfp
—_ ‘Approved For Release 2000{9B(4RFdiA-RDP96-00792R000100120015-8 NEMO SG1J Dates Li May 199 Your Loacatiang Gel? Proms Hy Puthoateé Subyects RY Jamming/Ambient ELF Task for LTC RI Le With regard to RY Jamming/Ambient ELF, SEL International mill pravide the appropriate equipment, facilities and personnel to accomplish the Following Gagkes (1) Search and summarize the literature that indicates that geomagnetic olorm activity and other factors that produce fluctuations in the ambient ELF bands (2200 Hz) can degrade psychoenergetic per Foarnance, Vad Conetruct an ELF detector that can monitor ambient ELE fluctuations ; in the local RY chamber, (2) Examine the statistical correlation betuaeen RY performance Con an appropriate garieas of trials carried auto oin the RY chamber) and the ambient ELP Fluctuatians to determine whether measurement of ambient ELP can be used as an dadicator of expected performance, and whether optimum performance windows can be identified, SGFOIA2 Approved For Release >o00 10: da. RDP96- 00792R000100120015- 8
Approved For Release 200o8|^5Ta-RDP96-00792R0001 001 2001 5-8
MEMO
SGI J
o x
D a t e
::
From:
H.
Ruth off
Location:
G-219
Subjects
EM Jamming /Ambient ELF
Task
for LTC
EJ
CCs
With
regard
to
EM Jamming /Ambient
ELF,
SRI
international
will
provide the
appropriate equipment,
facilities
and personnel
to accomplish
the
following
tasks:
< 1
)
Se a r c h
a n d
<:>u m m a r i z e
th e
1 i t e r a t u r e
t h a t
.i. n d i c a t es
th a t
g e o in a g ri e t i c:
storm activity and other factors
that produce fluctuations
in
the
ambient ELF bands
<<300 Hz)
can
degrade psychoenergetic
performance.
<2)
Construct
an
ELF
detector that
can
monitor ambient
ELF fluctuations
in
the
local
EM chamber.
<3>
Examine the statistical
correlation between
EM performance
(on
an
appropriate series
of
trials carried
out
in
the
RM chamber)
and
the ambient ELF fluctuations
to determine whether measurement of
ambient
ELF can
be
used
as
an
indicator of expected
performance,
and whether optimum performance windows
can
be
identified.
SGFOIA2
Approved For Release 2000/08/10
: CIA-RDP96-00792R0001 001 2001 5-8
4 “ Approved For Release 2000081 eee EP 96-00792R000100120016-7 To: BXxyoiQ. Jachim 13 May 1983 Subject: Additional Tasks i, Enclosed are the materials you requested during my visit. If these are not suitable or if you require additional information, please let me know. In looking at the work schedule, it will not be possible to begin these tasks until late in this fiscal year. The work will not be completed until the end of FY'84, Ze If you are pleased with the enclosed drafts, let me know what your next step will be. We stand ready to prepare and forward an official proposal, 3. In addition to the projects in which you have indicated an interest, I am including a sheet on another topic that we here at SRI believe will be of value to you. 4, Please let me know if I can assist you in anyway, # 941/CL-0001 . This document contains 6 pages, Copy No, _ ft ~~ NOT RELEASABLE TO FOREIGN NATIONALS — Approved For Release 2000/08/10 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000100120016-7
, Approved For Release 2000/08/10: Gidenb® baz doro001 00120017-6 MEMO as int Tas LYC Re Jachim Dates 18 May 1983 From Dr. H. E. Puthofé, Bre E. Cy May Location: G-a1¢ Subjects S-Item Proposed Frojects List CCz AS a further camment on the items submitted for project consideration, Following 16 an attempt to order by what we would consider priority as fay as rapid payoefF is concerned. Ls Screening/Selection: Everything is in place to obtain the best that can be expected fram tasting methods, and the expecttion is for rapid payott in terms of a either a usable test quickly, or unequivocal indications as ta why testing methods are ot appropriate for the area under consideration. . KV Janming/Ambient ELF: Should there be a notable correlation between RV perfornance and ambient ELF fields, this correlation could be determined very quickiy with a moderate effort, and wouwld be of inmediate use in the field as far as determining optimum vieming windows to be used. Target Search: There is ample evidence in the peychoenergetics literature that various approaches to this problem have been successful in the past, and therefore every evidence that the application of straightforward research methodology should provide progress in this area. AUdIO Analysis: Previous research efforts in this laboratory have shou the potential for developing a success#ul audio strategy for differentiating correct from incorrect RY reeponge. Since the appropriate atrategy may differ from pergon to person, such strategies may be person-dependent, indicating a little more difficulty up front in estimating the probability of immediate payore, Biofeedback (more Properly, Biomonitoring ys: Potentially of large payoff, this task provides the greatest uncertainty up front. as research efforts in the field Cin biomanitering) with regard to defining a "psi~-conducive" or “poiv-productive"” gtate have vet to yield clearcut results. This area of endeavor therefore constitutes basic R&D. SRI international 333 Ravenswood Ave. © Menlo Park, CA 94025 © (415) 326-6200 TWX: 910-373-1246 « TELEX: 334463 © Facsimile: (415) 326-5512 ‘Approved For Release 2000/08/10 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000100120017-6 a gy Fey, pero ar at
Approved For Release 2000/08/1
R0001 001 2001 7-6
HE MO
To;
L
F rents
Sub j&c t;
tlntemalierij
H obe'F^Tac h i m
H,
E.
5-1 tem
Puthof f
,
Proposed
Dr,
E.
C.
Projects
May
List
Dates
Locations
CCs
Hay
1983
8-319
As
a
Further comment
on
the
items submitted
for
project consideration,
following
is
an
attempt
to order
by
what
we would
consider
priority
a-
far as
rapid
payoff
is concerned*
Screening/Selection;
Everything
i
be expected
from
testing
methods.
in
place
to obtain
the best
that
can
.
„
~
and
the expeettion
is
for
rapid payoff
m
terms of
a either
a usable test quickly,
or unequivocal
indications as
to
why testing
methods
are
ot appropriate
for
the
area
under
consideration*
3*
kV
Jamming/Ambient ELF;
Should
there be
a notable correlation between
R 1 performance
and
ambient
ELF
fields,
this correlation
could
be
determined
very quickly with
a moderate effort,
and
would
be
of
immediate
use
in
the
field
as
far
as determining
optimum
viewing
windows
to
be used.
3 *
7,ar2®t
S farch8
There
is ample evidence
in
the psychoenergetics
literature
'
various approaches
to
this
problem have
been
successful
in
the past
and
therefore ©very evidence that
the application
of straightforward
"
v e s e a r c h
me t h o d o 1 o g y
s h o u Id
provide
p r ogress
in
this
a r
©
a
.
d.
Audio Analysis;
Previous research
efforts
in
this laboratory have shown
the potential
tor developing
a
successful
audio strategy
for
differentiating
correct
from
incorrect
RV response.
Since
the appropriate
strategy
may differ
from person
to
person,
such
strategies
may
be
person-dependent,
indicating
a
little more difficulty
up
front
in
estimating
the probability of
immediate
payoff.
j*
Biofeedback
(more properly.
Biomonitoring):
Potentially of
large
payoff,
this
task
provides
the greatest uncertainty
up
front,
as
research efforts
in
the
field
(in
bioinonitoring)
with
regard
to
a
. "Psi-conducive"
or
"psi- productive"' state have
yet
to yield
cle*t cut
results,,
This area
of endeavor therefore constitutes basic
R&D.
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FE EE EE ITO IED tn CO See OPO Oe ee ee Oe nAPRECYEd.F or Release, 2000/08/10); GIASROPOR-0RZPARI0 1AM Z000E EL sure what to do with such a report of the magnitude of the effe.t, for example, a correlation coefficient. There is one bit of training that all psychologists have undergone. From under- graduate days onward we have all been taught that there is only one proper, decent thing to do whenever we see a correlation coefficient--we must square it. For most of the softer, wilder areas of psychology, squaring the correlation coefficient tends to make it go away--vanish into nothingness as it were. That is one of the sources of malaise in the social and behavioral sciences. It is sad and quite unnecessary, as we shall soon see. The Physician’s Aspirin Study At a special meeting held on December 18, 1987, it was decided to end prematurely, a randomized double blind experiment on the effects of aspirin on reducing heart attacks (Steering Committee of the Physicians’ Health Study _ Research Group, 1988). The reason for this unusual termination of such an experi- ment was that it had become so clear that aspirin prevented heart attacks (and deaths from heart attacks) that it would be unethical to continue to give half the Approved For Release 2000/08/10 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000100130006-7