Dose Measured (mR) 3 hours **control, 3hrs ground {during /in same hall, of TLD ./ lecture showing film 7 Lift (Mg, Ti) 6 Lif (Mg, Ti) * There are two isotopes of Li, 7Li and 6Li, Mg and Ti are impurities added to LiF crystal. 7LiF TLD is sensitive to Y- rays only, and 6LiF TLD is sensitive both to ‘¥rays and thermal neutrons. The measured dose is calibrated to 60 Co y-rays. The experimental error is + 30%. ** Tt gives the background of the hall and audiences. Since the size of the LiF TLD used is very small (3 x 3 x 0.9mm’), it could be put anywhere at will, and the electromagnetic field had no influence on its registration power. It was very appropriate to use this equipment for Qi-field distribution measurement. *Published in Nature Journal, PRC 112 6) The Statistical Treatment of Experimental Results in a Qigong Experiment Yan, X., Lu, Z.Y., Li, T.P. 0430003-5 Abstract =) From the statistical point of view, there are serious defectscin ~ most of the Qigong experiments, viz, the defect arises from Be small sample size of the experiment and the defect arises fron the unstable successive emission of Qi through the wh | experiment. Therefore, some people do not believe that valua results can be obtained from such experiments. a But if we investigate the problem carefully, we will find that all the Qigong experiments can be divided into two categorify, ' The experiments designed for discovering new Qigong effegs belong to the first category and those designed for finding the laws behind the effects fall in the second category. Up to now, most of the experiments belong to the first category. .* Two different methods of statistical treatment are related & _ these two different categories. The method of significance testd3 _ usually used in the treatment of the experimental result of th first category. According to the level of Significance of th experimental event, one can easily discriminate the true Qigong effect from the false appearance which arises from the background fluctuation. © Let 1 be the average value measured of a physical quantity a If x obeys the normal distribution N(x: p, 07), where o is the standard error of measurement, we have measured a value of _ X", which is significantly deviate from H. If we denote the |x nl /o as the "significance" S, then we can say that the "level op significance" of x* is a = N(S=x; , 0°). The level of significance describes the probability of producing this unusual event by th® background fluctuation only when there does not exist ang condition to produce this unusual event. The lower the level oX significance, the higher the Probable existence of a new phenomenon. The significance test requires a thorough knowledge of the 113
background, but it does not require a large sample size of the events. A few events of sufficiently high significance (not necessarily of the same height) is enough for us to assert that the new phenomenon exists with high level of confidence. This was the case in the Qigong experiment. Asan example, the experiment of observing the effect of Qi on bovine thymus DNA is analyzed. The relation between S and a 2.0x10° 5.8x107 *Pyblished in the First International Symposium of Qi Gong, Beijing, Oct. 1988 114 _ fasting (Bigu) is a striking example. The fast may be induced byO ' a Qigong master or may be self-induced. During the deprivationt 7) A Medically Scientific Study of Qigong Fast To Qigong can be used to change human behavior. Qigong © period, the faster drinks water and eats a very small amount of vegetable or fruit, while continuing normal daily activities. AS typical case was investigated by scientists from a well-knownS scientific institute and published in the Chinese Qigong Study. x From August 13 to September 12, 1988, scientists and medical doctors from China Institute of Military Medical Sciences closely monitored a 13-year-old girl for 30 days. Her parents said their daughter’s fast, induced by a Qigong master, had so far continued for 300 days. The study was voluntary and painless,O and did not interfere with the lifestyle of the subject. Test% included a physical exam by Chinese and Western physicians,= with common laboratory tests, including blood, urine, endocrine, immune studies, X rays, nutritional analysis, IQ studies and other :CIA special examinations. The results of clinical observation ands laboratory tests are listed below. = =) 1. Food Intake a o ” Over the 30-day period, average water intake was 984 ml©& e : (33 oz.) per day. There were 4 times with no intake over 249 hours. Drinks included orange juice (Jula), diluted equally witht water, a little sugar water, and bottled, canned and packaged softo ' drinks. Solid food, including candy, ice cream and hawthom, _ pieces were eaten in small amounts. (This is consistent with® : little food intake and no cooked food intake".) All intake was traditional Chinese medicine description of the Qigong fast, "veryO . ; 2. sampled and measured before consumption. Total intake was converted to nutritional units of sugar or protein since fat intake was negligible. 115
2. Nutritional Intake Food samples and intake records were calculated. Average daily energy intake was 300 k calories, which is 20% of normal energy consumption. Average daily protein intake was about 1 gram. Daily intakes of protein and necessary amino acids were less than 2% of normal energy consumption. Intake of other nutrients, such as vitamin B, C, and minerals were also much less than normal requirements. It seems that there was no source of fat soluble vitamins. Nutritionally, the girl was under incomplete hunger status with severe energy and nutrient deficiency. 3. Metabolism While resting, the oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production of the girl was less than 50% of same-age, same-sex controls. The lowered metabolic rate is the body’s mechanism to Save energy. However, her daily energy consumption was far more than her recorded daily energy intake. (Theoretically, her total consumption should be 1500 k calories, including 200 k calories for resting metabolism and 1300 k calories for daily activities.) Average urine output was 656 ml per day. There were four periods without urine output for longer than 24 hours. Urine tests indicated that the daily nitrogen output was 2 g, but the intake was less than 0.2 g, Suggesting negative nitrogen balance. Other elements in the urine were lower than normal, and again the output was higher than the intake. During the 30-day period there was only one bowl movement, weighing 54 g. Input/output rates of both metabolism and nutrition showed she put out more than she consumed. 4. Body Weight Body weight decreased 4.4 Kg. during the 30-day observation period. The predicted loss of body weight should be 116 wr we ye eK ee. . count were normal or low normal. ' hemopoiesis (formation of blood cells) was within normal limi _ and that there was no anemia. Blood pH was also in the norma. ' Tange. | hemostasis during the period of study. a little more than 5 Kg, including 3.6 Kg fat catabolism. Predicted loss was based on calculation of energy metabolism and negative nitrogen balance. The difference between predicted ang, observed values could be due to a prediction method that did ned account for the reuse of catabolic products from fat and musclg 5. Homeostasis 0043 © All blood tests, including hemoglobin and red blood cee This suggests i ) S - glucose, protein, lipid, amino acids, minerals and trace elementa. _ were all in normal or low normal range. The activities of vario | plasma enzymes for biochemical metabolism remained normal. < The above observations indicate that the body was i® 6. Immune System 103/07 : Plasma concentration of IgG (immunoglobulin type GE _ was normal, however, the concentrations of IgA and IgM were aN " few times higher than normal controls. The concentration of totaln - complement components was slightly lower than normal, buta complement components 3 was -higher than normal. The? percentage of E-rosette cells (T cells) was normal, however, the_ ratio of T and B cells was slightly lower than the controls. 2 The significance and prognosis of these immunologicaky changes is not clear. From clinical observation and review of her& history, no obvious immunological deficiency could be identified ro™ 7. Endocrine System <x The concentration of plasma thyroid stimulating hormone 117
(TSH) was in the normal range. Plasma thyroxine T4 was normal, but T3 decreased in the late period of the observation. This indicates that the production of thyroxine by the thyroid gland was functional, however, the conversion of low-active component to high-active component tended to decrease. This might be the mechanism by which the basic metabolism rate was decreased and energy consumption reduced. The observed increased adrenaline in plasma is probably related to the dominant catabolic status within the body. Tests of female sex hormones in urine late in the observation period indicated estrone and estradiol significantly higher than controls, however, estriol in urine was always lower than controls. The significance of this observation is not clear. It is not certain whether these phenomena are related to the fact that she had the first menstruation on the fifth day of observation. The changes measured in the above tests suggest that the endocrine system was involved in modulating the intemal environment to tolerate the fast status. 8. Clinical Examination All examinations, including EKG, EEG, ultrasonography, ultrasonic cardiography, and physical examination did not reveal substantial abnormality. Elasticity of the skin was poor and the diameter of the lower limbs gradually decreased, which is consistent with poor nutritional condition. The blood microcirculation of conjunctiva and nails was slightly abnormal, which is consistent with the clinical observation of cool limbs. These indicate decreased blood microcirculation in skin and epithelial tissue. Clinical examination by traditional Chinese medicine found slightly dry skin and hairs, slightly red tongue without teeth marks, but with yellow and greasy fur on top, sour and foul smelling breath, wiry thread-like pulse with less strength when pressed heavily, cool hands and feet. Taken together, the traditional Chinese medicine diagnosis was the symptom of 118 wetness and hotness within the spleen. 9. Body Energy Ts) The record of daily activities showed potential bods? energy when playing around or walking for a long distance? However, the girl does not like sports or outdoor activities. Lato in the investigation, she spent relatively longer time in bed aneb felt tired often. Under 40 W and 60 W, exercise tolerance te changes in heart and lung function were significantly greater that normal controls. She could not finish the test under 60 W loaf? condition. This demonstrated significantly decreased body ener: compared to normal controls. ~ 00 10. Digestive System 96 oO The frequency of peristaltic waves (stomach contractiongy was within normal range when lying at rest, however, the overaliz range was significantly lower than normal. In contrast to normaD controls, the range of stomach contractions did not change aftes’ drinking. This indicated decreased activity and response time faP the stomach and intestine. 3 Secretion of saliva induced by chewing movement was= . o significantly lower than for two young female controls. Tho secretion and enzymic activity of saliva diastases in unstimulated, condition were also slightly lower than those of the controls. The digestive system was inhibited, which is consisten® with wasting change caused by long-term fast. Y a 11. Respiration dForR Respiration index, carbon dioxide output over oxygerp consumption, (CO,/O,), was measured twice under restings condition. The measured indices were 0.44 and 0.5, lower thar@ normal reference (0.7 and 1.0) and also lower than controls (twor females, 0.69 and 0.67, and two males 0.92 and 1.04). 119