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VI
(U)
KEY ACTIONS/MILESTONES
- EXTERNAL SUPPORT
(S/NF)
The funding allocation for external research
received in FY 1991
for STAR GATE permitted several important
research areas to be continued,
and allowed for several new areas
to be initiated.
It
is anticipated that results of this research
will assist
in clarifying some of the possible future research
directions;
consequently,
not all long-range research
possibilities can identified
in this plan.
However, most all of
the major investigation areas can be addressed,
and many of the
specifics can be identified with reasonable confidence.
(S/NF)
The FY 1991 research activity
is a balanced basic
and applied research effort.
Some of the funding
is allocated
for methodology development,
scientific review support,
equipment
procurement,
and for supporting DIA's foreign assessment and data
base development activity.
The primary basic research activities
initiated in FY 1991 concentrated as the following;
(1)
validating findings from previous magnetoencephalograph
(MEG)
research and initiating new work with a variety of conditions and
individuals;
(2)
performing a variety of anomalous cognition
(AC)
experiments to determine potential correlations
(e.g.
,
target
type,
environmental
factors)
;
(3)
developing various theoretical
constructs that might be testable and that could help explain the
phenomena;
(4)
examining effects of altered states on data
quality;
(5)
initiating review of and research into the
energetics area;
and
(6)
examining various application
possibilities
(e.g.,
communication,
search).
(S/NF/SG/LIMDIS)
The applied research initiated in FY
1991 includes:
(1)
examination of strengths/weaknesses of
existing training methods;
(2)
exploring alternative training
methods;
(3)
examining methods
for AC data enhancement;
(4)
improving data analysis techniques;
(5)
exploring potential
variables that might be significant
in an application environment
(e.g.,
beacon/no beacon condition),
(6)
identifying ways to
translate MEG findings as an aid in personnel screening,
selection,
and possibly training;
and,
where possible,
(7)
replicating significant foreign work once specifics are
identified.
(U)
Results from the FY 1991 basic and applied research
activity will be factored into this long-range plan as soon as
they become available.
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(S/NF/SG/LIMDIS)
The primary basis of this research
support
is to help
in phenomena understanding and/or validation,
in applications understanding,
and in operational
feasibility
evaluation.
This work has
a direct bearing on DIA's ability to
assess significance of foreign research and on DIA's ability to
perform a systematic review of potential applications
in this
area.
(S/NF/SG/LIMDIS)
A main focus of this portion of the
research will address some of the key phenomena enigmas,
such as:
-
How is the target location
(i.e.,
targeting); how
is the information accessed?
-
What
is the distinction between target "form"
(i.e.,
configuration),
and target "content"
(i.e.,
interpretation)
?
What are the phenomena limitations?
-
How are the "informational" and "energetics"
aspects related?
-
What are the main operational constraints?
(U)
Part A of this section discusses the basic approach
to external research support;
part B contains additional details.
A.
(U)
BASIC APPROACH
(S/NF)
The link of basic and applied research with
either applications investigations or with research activities
is
shown on Figure
.
The top of the chart shows that for any
research or application task,
certain conditions must be met
(e.g.,
a reliable calibrated individual
is required; proper
scientific procedures need to be developed,
etc.).
Once these
basic foundations are laid,
then basic/applied research can be
initiated with a reasonable expectation of success and with
assurance that results will not be ambiguous or fail scientific
scrutiny.
(S/NF)
This chart also illustrates the difference
between basic and applied research;
applied research relates to
various methods for collecting,
recording,
improving and
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analyzing data output,
while basic research is
. aimed at phenomena
understanding.
In this chart,
the "detector”
is the human
brain/mind,
the "source"
is the target or an aspect of the
target,
and "transmission" refers to notions of how information
and/or energy are actually transmitted between source and
detector.
(U)
Figure
illustrates the interdisciplinary scope
that will be brought to bear on this research problem.
Leading-
edge research in their various fields can provide clues,
if not
make direct contributions,
that will assist in phenomena and
applications understanding.
(U)
Appendix E lists candidate research support
facilities that could be involved in this long-range effort.
Final selection will be based on how well their activity will
fit
into specific time-lines and priorities that will be established
in Nov 1991.
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B.
(U)
RESEARCH DETAILS
1.
(U)
BASIC RESEARCH
(U)
Figure
4 highlights key basic activities for "source",
"transmission" and "detector" research categories.
Only a few of
the leading activities are shown on these charts for simplicity.
These however,
represent the most important research areas.
Anticipated activity time-phasing
is as shown in order to
maintain a uniform level of effort spanning several years,
and to
permit assimilation of research findings from the earlier phases.
(U)
The time-frames shown on Figure
4 primarily indicate
periods of main research activity.
Pilot or exploratory work is
intended for earlier periods for most of the areas.
(U)
A central aspect of this overall basic research effort
is that a variety of on-going interactions,
along with select
multi disciplinary research, will be an on-going activity.
Specifics are yet to be worked out; Appendix E highlights the
leading candidate facilities.
(U)
Additional details regarding these research activities
have also been developed and are in Volume
II.
Select research
papers
for additional technical background are
in Volume III.
(U)
Appendix F contains
a listing of reference and
technical journals that will be routinely reviewed in the search
for phenomena understanding clues.
a.
ANOMALOUS COGNITION
(AC)
:
(1)
(U)
SOURCE
(U)
Source research will address those topics
that show promise for understanding the characteristics of the
target or target area that may play
a role
in anomalous cognition
(AC)
occurrence and data quality.
Aspects of the target that can
be defined by conventional information theory
(involving
entropy/ information content)
will be explored in-depth.
A wide
variety of targets with a wide range of information content,
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dynamics,
or other parameters will be examined to explore this
possible link.
If not successful,
other approaches to
investigate the targets innate nature and its possible link to
phenomenon occurrence will be initiated.
(2)
(U)
TRANSMISSION
(U)
The pursuit of possible transmission
mechanisms for AC phenomena is essentially the most significant
basic research task and also the most difficult to formulate.
In
this effort,
a theoretical bases will be developed from
extensions of current theory in light of recent advanced physics
formulations.
Some of these formulations permit unusual
"information flows" that may,
in fact,
have relevance for this
phenomenon.
Testable models/constructs will be developed and
evaluated.
A variety of other possible explanations involving
extensions of gravitation theory,
quantum physics or other areas
will be constructed and tested where possible.
Some of these
tests may require close cooperation of leading-edge researchers
using equipment
in their facility.
(U)
Effort in this area will also focus on integrating
diverse aspects of the source,
transmission,
and detector
categories.
For example,
it will examine how "targeting" occurs
(i.e.,
how is the intended target actually located?).
Insight
will be drawn from in-depth reviews of various unusual physical
effects identified by physical sciences researches.
These
include distant particle coupling
(Bell's theorem),
ideas from
quantum gravity,
possible electrostatic/gravity interactions,
unusual quantum physics,
observational theories, vacuum "energy"
potential,
and a variety of other concepts.
(S/NF)
Perhaps the most promising exploratory model of
all
is one based on little-understood aspects of the fundamental
equations for electromagnetic wave propagation
(Maxwell's
equations)
.
These equations indicate that forms of "wave
propagation" could also exist that do not have the conventional
electric or magnetic field components
(i.e., vector and scalar
waves).
These waves would not be blocked by matter and therefore
could be leading candidates for AC propagation or for certain
aspects of AC phenomenon.
Investigations
in this area will be
given priority and pilot studies will be initiated as soon as
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possible in FY
1992.
Appropriate physical instruments may
already exist from an earlier DIA exploratory R&D effort that
is
currently being evaluated.
(3)
(U)
DETECTOR
(U)
The most important and promising aspect of
understanding the nature of the AC detection system in humans
is
through modern advances of the neuroscience.
Beginning in FY
1992,
the earlier neurophysiological results obtained from
magnetoencephalograph
(MEG)
measurements will be validated and
expanded.
This earlier work indicated MEG correlations between
visual evoked responses areas of the brain may exist,
and that
remote stimuli might also be detectable
in MEG data.
Some of the
specific investigations will examine a variety of near and far-
field situations,
other sensory modes and different types of
individuals
in order to search for potential variables.
It might
be possible, with advanced MEG instrumentation,
to actually
locate the exact brain areas involved in AC phenomena occurrence.
(U)
Other physical/psychophysical aspects of the
central nervous system
(CNS)
will also be explored to look for
possible correlates.
This would include galvanic skin responses
(GSR)
or other parameters.
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Related to this overall area are several
investigations that relate to possible environmental interactions
with the brain that could affect AC data.
This would include
possible geomagnetic or electromagnetic influences.
(4)
(U)
INTEGRATION
(U)
More than in the applied research domain,
the basic research plan will liberally avail itself of the
existing research communities that specialize in neuroscience,
physics and statistics and the broader psychological/social
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sciences.
Beginning
in FY
1992 and continuing through FY
1994,
direct support with a variety of university departments,
national
and international,
would occur.
b.
(U)
ANOMALOUS PERTURBATION
(AP)
(S/NF)
Figure
5 illustrates the basic approach for
investigations "energetics" ,
or Anomalous Perturbation
(AP)
phenomenon.
Beginning in FY
1992,
acceptance criteria will be
establish with which to judge the historical literature for
potential AP effects.
Using those criteria,
a detailed review of
the literature will begin in mid FY
1992 and considering the size
of that data base will continue through FY
1993.
Knowledge
gained from this review may provide insights for the development
of new AP target systems or provide data so that particular
experiments can be replicated.
Given the complexity of most AP
experiments,
considerable time
is needed to plan and conduct them
properly.
If the results warrant,
then application development
may begin as early as FY
1994; however the primary task of basic
research of AP is to attempt to validate its existence.
Findings
from foreign research will be examined and factored into this
activity as appropriate.
2.
(U)
APPLIED RESEARCH
(U)
Figure
6 illustrates the overall plan for the
applied research portion according to seven main functional
categories.
a.
(U)
SELECTION
(C)
The most promising potential
for selecting
individuals
is to identify ancillary activity that correlates
with AC ability.
If such a procedure can be identified,
then
receiver selection can be incorporated as part of other screening
tests
(e.g.,
fighter pilot candidacy),
and thus large populations
can be used.
Therefore,
this task begins
in FY
1992.
Among the
items that will be examined are physiology
(e.g.,
responses of
the brain to external stimuli)
and hypnotic susceptibility
(i.e.,
an individuals predisposition for being hypnotized)
.
The results
of this effort will be examined continuously;
however,
a decision
to end the investigation will occur in mid FY
1994.
Should the
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results at that time warrant,
then refining of the techniques
will continue to the end of FY
1996.
The reason the initial
research spans several years
is that to validate even one
psychological finding requires long-term testing the candidate
Receiver.
Current statistical methods require many AC sessions
per receiver,
and experience has shown that only a few sessions
can be conducted per week per receiver.
(C)
To allow for indications of success with the
associate-functioning approach,
research of psychological and
behavioral techniques for receiver selection will begin after the
first year.
Previous research has shown,
while statistically
significant results have been observed with these techniques,
the
effects are small and understanding them is problematical,
while
the same comments about the length of time required for
validation are true,
these techniques have a lengthy research
history,
and thus a definitive answer about their effectiveness
should be available by mid FY
1994.
(C)
The previous program was able to estimate that
approximately one percent of the general population possessed
a
high-quality,
natural AC ability.
Because the empirical method
(i.e.,
asking large groups to attempt AC)
is labor intensive and
very inefficient,
it is included in the research plan only as
a
background approach last resort.
Thus
it is scheduled to begin
in mid FY
1994 only
if the other techniques do not provide useful
results.
b.
(U)
TRAINING
(S/NF)
Training has been
a major part of the
previous program,
but the laboratory results have not been
encouraging with regard to the empirical approach.
That
is,
a
few calibrated receivers have transcribed their internal
experiences when they are producing high-quality AC data into
training hypotheses.
Because of resource limitations,
these had
not been systematically validated.
They were nonetheless
incorporated into operational activity due to initial successes.
(U)
Beginning in parallel at the start of FY
1992,
is
a systematic examination of one empirical training method,
and an
exploration of associated functioning that may bear on the
training issue.
For example,
lowering an individual's visual
subliminal threshold
(i.e.,
the level below which an individual
is not consciously aware of visual material)
might allow for a
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more sensitive response to AC targets.
Included in this latter
approach is an examination of the effects upon training of
various altered states
(e.g.,
lucid dreaming and hypnosis).
(U)
A definitive answer about the selected empirical
method should be available at the close of FY
1993.
If no
progress has been observed and if there have been no positive
results from the basic research,
the task ends.
However,
should
any of the variables examined appear promising then the task will
continue until the end of FY
1996.
(S/NF)
It is anticipated that all laboratory
successes must be validated by simulating operational tasks.
These experiments involve identifying the specialty to be tested,
the acceptance criteria,
and conducting sessions
in which the
complete target systems are know.
This
3 -year activity runs
concurrently with the other tasks but with a 1-year offset to
allow for planning.
c.
(U)
TARGET SELECTION
(U)
Based on earlier research,
the most promising
approach to target selection appears to be
a single physical
characteristic called entropy
(i.e.,
a measure of inherent target
information)
.
Beginning in FY 1992,
two and one half years have
been allocated for the detailed study of this aspect of target
properties.
Initially,
little experimentation is required;
rather,
a retrospective examination of previous target systems
should indicate if this approach is valid.
Included in this
examination are detailed calculations of the information content
of natural target scenes.
In mid 1994,
a decision will be made
to continue or abandon the task depending upon the results.
(U)
Beginning in mid FY 1993,
however,
an investigation
of other potential intrinsic target properties will be examined.
This task develops
a quantitative definition of targets that
include non-physical target parameters such as function or
relationships.
For example,
a target may be more readily sensed
by AC
if the collection of elements at the site
(e.g.,
trees,
buildings,
roads)
constitute a conceptually coherent unit as
opposed to a collage of unrelated items.
This task will be
integrated with a variety of applications in coordination with
findings/ investigations pursued by the in-house effort.
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d.
(U)
PROTOCOLS
(U)
Given the laboratory success of AC experimentation,
the protocol task can build upon a substantial literature.
Determining optimal,
specialty-dependent protocols only require
extending current concepts.
Several years are required due to
the statistical nature of analysis that
is required to determine
the effects of environment,
receiver,
target and feedback
conditions.
Several high-interest application areas
(such as
search/location)
will be examined in detail.
A variety of
session procedures will be evaluated to determine those that are
beneficial to improving data quality.
e.
(U)
ANALYSIS
(U)
This area requires extensive review of leading
analysis tools,
such as those required for describing imprecise
concepts or data
(i.e.,
artificial intelligence techniques,
fuzzy
sets)
.
This work will be combined with findings from neural
network analysis and research,
or possibly combinations of other
emerging advanced analysis methods.
(S/NF)
Various approaches that are anticipated to
directly benefit operational evaluations will be emphasized.
One
promising technique involves procedures based on an adaptive
(frequent data base update)
approach.
This will permit an
individual's progression,
and possibly time dependent data
variables,
in an individual's track record,
to be identified.
f.
(U)
INTEGRATION
(U)
This activity would be an on-going review/ integration
effort
in order to identify patterns or clues useful
for
understanding practical aspects of this phenomenological area.
(S/NF)
Identifying approaches and procedures that permit
assimilation of AC data from operational support projects into
all-source intelligence analysis procedures will also be part of
this support activity.
Depending on results of applied research
findings and operational pursuits,
a basic seminar/training
program for other applications-oriented elements might be
established.
Such a training/seminar program would focus on
basic techniques and would augment possible operational training
activity that might become part of the in-house effort.
This
would require several years to develop and establish.
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SG1B
VII.
(U)
PROGRAM MANAGEMENT/OVERSIGHT
(S/NF)
DIA,
as executive agent,
has implemented a
management structure that fosters
a proactive,
responsive,
and
creative environment for this activity.
Both external research
and in-house activities are centered in one unit
(DT-S)
under the
direct supervision of the Assistant Deputy Director for
Scientific and Technical Intelligence
(DIA/DT)
.
The DT-S unit
manager also receives technical and management guidance from
DIA's Research and Technology Division
(DT-5)
.
(S/NF)
Project oversight
is provided by
a Project Review
Board
(PRB)
that
is composed of five senior management
individuals selected from areas of DIA outside of
DT.
In
addition,
a 5-member Project Oversight Panel has been established
to provide program and technical guidance on all STAR GATE
activities.
The 28 member DIA Advisory Board has been -appraised
of the STAR GATE program and their recommendations have been
_
incorporated into project activities.
Review/guidance
is
available from DIA's Executive Director and from the Deputy
Director.
The General Defense Intelligence Program
(GDIP)
staff
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director conducts periodic project reviews and provides guidance.
Links with the IC Staff help provide a broader management and
program review base for this activity.
(S/NF)
Oversight for external contract activity
is
provided by a 5-member expert Scientific Oversight Committee
(SOC)
.
These members are identified in Table
5.
A Human Use
Review Board has also been established to provide expert
guidance/advice regarding contractor adherence to appropriate DOD
human use regulation.
(U)
The extensive nature and scope of these various program
management and oversight activities will
insure that all
activities identified in this long-range plan can be
appropriately monitored and evaluated on an on-going basis.
VIII.
(U)
ESTIMATED RESOURCE NEEDS
(S/NF/SG/LIMDIS)
Due to the diversity of the STAR GATE
mission/objectives,
both external resources and in-house
expertise are
(and will
be)
required.
A balance will be sought
between external and internal activities,
and every effort will
be made to integrate and link these activities where appropriate.
The external aspect permits
a wide range of expertise covering
many disciplines to be focused on this area;
this also has the
benefit of ensuring peer group review and of facilitating a
variety of scientific interactions.
In-house personnel will also
require a wide-range of expertise,
and will necessarily require
retention of those with an already-demonstrated track record in
this phenomenology.
(S/NF)
For the near term
(1992-1993),
anticipated that at
least
10 billets,
and possibly
12,
be dedicated for the overall
in-house activity as outlined in this plan.
Later
(1994-1996)
,
additional personnel would be required due to anticipated growth
in world-wide research and increases
in operational demands.
At
least 4-8 additional specialists would be required.
(U)
Details on in-house staffing requirements are
in
appendix G.
(C)
External research levels would require at least
$2
million for FY
1992 with approximately $4-6 million per year for
the next 4-5 years,
depending on findings/results from the FY
1991 and FY 1992
activities.
The bulk of this funding will be
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for R&D;
however,
a portion of O&M is required to maintain
in-
house research support,
equipment maintenance,
and for direct
operational support activity.
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SCIE1
IY1C OVERSIGHT COMMITTEE
Bt
!V“o?; Sso“ofSeuroSoiences,
Department of Neurosciences,
TTni versitv of California,
San Diego.
t
.
- Author or coauthor of
118 technical publications
in
- Eighty-two°invited presentations at technical conferences.
- Ph.D.,
Yale University,
1968
(Psychology).
S ’-J
“ofesso?
S
of statistics.
Department of statistics. University
- Autho/o/coauthor^f 132 technical publications
in
statistics.
.
- Author of
12 books and/or monographs.
- Ph.D.,
Stanford University,
1964
(Statistics).
Ga
-
r
Responsible
d
for
facil itating com™®rcialization of strategic
Defense Initiative technologies to the health care inaus
y
and the life
J^^^in^Asiistant Surgeon
- General^R&D
)
and^Commander/u^S .
Army Medical Research and
- M?D?t°Columbia University,
1953
(Pediatrics).
“^Issociate'Sirector for High Energy and Nuclear Physics,
- AS?hof:™thofof1o
r?Sical publications
in high energy
physics ,
author of "Principles of Electrodynamics."
I Ph
b
o!
,
P
Columbia
yuni?ersity!
' 1958
(Physics).
Y!”“^essor
i
o? Physical .Sciences,
Chairman of the Department of
- Author°or
' coauthor ofnumSroui technical publications and the
- ifof Indiana Univlrsity,
1965
(Astronomy)
.
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SCIENTIFIC OVERSIGHT COMMITTEE
(ctd)
Phillip 6.
Zimbardo
- Professor of Psychology,
Department of Psychology,
Stanford
University.
- Author or coauthor of numerous technical publications
in
experimental psychology.
.
- Ph.D.,
Yale University,
1959
(Psychology).
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APPENDIX
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APPENDIX ;
A:
TERMINOLOGY AND DEFINITIONS
B:
BRIEF HISTORY OF PHENOMENOLOGICAL AREA
C;
STAR GATE STATUS
- JUNE
1991
D:
POTENTIAL RESEARCH SUPPORT FACILITIES
F:
RESOURCE LITERATURE
G:
SCIENTIFIC OVERSIGHT COMMITTEE
Hi
DT-S RESOURCE REVIEW
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APPENDIX A
TERMINOLOGY AND DEFINITIONS
,
(U)
PHENOMENA TERMINOLOGY
(U)
This phenomenological area has had a variety of
descriptive terms over the years,
such as paranormal,
parapsychological,
or as psychical research.
Foreign researchers
use other terms:
"psychoenergetics"
in the USSR;
"extraordinary
human function"
in the People's Republic of China
(PRC).
In
general,
this field
is concerned with a largely unexplored area
of human consciousness/subconsciousness interactions associated
with unusual or underdeveloped human capabilities.
(U)
Recently,
researchers have shown a preference for
terms that are neutral and that emphasizes the anomalous or
enigmatic nature of this phenomena.
The term anomalous mental
phenomena
(AMP)
,
is generally preferred.
(U)
This area has two aspects;
information access and
energetics influence.
Information access refers to a mental
ability
to describe remote areas or to access concealed data
that are otherwise shielded from all known sensory channels.
A
recent term for this ability is anomalous cognition
(AC)
.
This
term places emphasis on potential understanding that might be
available from advances
in sensory/brain functioning research or
other related research.
Older terms for this aspect have
included extra-sensory perception
(ESP)
,
remote viewing
(RV)
,
and
in some cases,
precognition.
(U)
The energetics aspect refers to the ability to
influence,
via mental volition,
physical or biologica]T~systems by
an as yet unknown physical mechanism.
An example of physical
system influence would include affecting the output of sensors or
electronic devices;
biological systems influence would include
affecting physiological parameters of an individual.
A recent
descriptive term for this ability is anomalous perturbation
(AP)
.
Older terms
for this phenomenon included psychokinesis
(PK)
or
telekinesis.
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(U)
GENERAL DEFINITIONS
(S/NF)
For this program,
basic research is defined to
mean any investigation or experiment for determining fundamental
processes or for uncovering underlying parameters that are
involved in this phenomenon.
Basic research is primarily
oriented toward understanding the physical,
physiological
,
and
psychological mechanisms of anomalous mental phenomena
(AMP)
(S/NF)
Applied research refers to any investigation
directed toward developing particular applications or for
improving data quality and reliability.
For anomalous cognition
(AC)
phenomenon,
research
is primarily directed toward improving
the output quality of AC data.
This would include ways to
develop/ improve utility of AC data for variety of potential
application.
For example,
examination of spatial and temporal
relationships of AC data could assist in developing a reliable
search capability useful
for locating missing people or
equipment
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APPENDIX B
BRIEF HISTORY OF PHENOMENOLOGICAL AREA
(U)
In the mid-late 1800 's,
investigations into anomalous mental
phenomena
(AMP)
were initiated by a very limited number of
researches working essentially independent of one another in
various countries .
The early investigators were motivated to
examine this area due to evidence suggested by a wide variety of
anecdotal accounts of spontaneous occurrences.
Many of these
early investigations focused on case study collection and
analysis;
some were aimed at proof-of-principle and were based on
the psychological perspectives of that time-period.
(U)
The most well known early US researcher was J.
B.
Rhine at
Duke University,
NC;
he explored proof-of-principle by use of
simple experimental targets
(5 symbols)
and well-established
statistical methods.
In the 1960's,
new US work began that
examined psychological variables and psychological states;
this
new work incorporated
a wide variety of target material
in the
experimental set-up.
However,
none of this early research
examined application potential of this area,
and very little of
it examined distance effects of the phenomena.
(S/NF)
Initial evidence of interest of applying this phenomena
emerged from USSR research
in the mid-late 1960's.
The Soviet
researchers were interested
in the use of "ESP"
in a long-
distance communication mode,
and had conducted several successful
long-distance communication experiments.
The Soviet were also
heavily into the energetics aspect of AMP,
and reported success
involving mental influence on material objects as well as
influence of the psychological/physiological states of target
individuals.
Soviet work was aimed both at phenomena
understanding and at application pursuits.
(S/NF)
In the early 1970's,
US researchers at SRI-International
,
Menlo Park,
CA,
also initiated research into phenomena
understanding and application pursuits.
This work,
centering on
"remote viewing
(RV) " came to the attention of the CIA.
Subsequently,
CIA provided funding to SRI
for continuing RV
research.
CIA funding was discontinued in 1975;
subsequent
funding for RV investigation at SRI was provided by DIA and some
of DIA's service support elements with occasional support from
various R&D organizations.
DIA's interest in funding this area
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was primarily from a threat assessment point-of-view in order to
help understand the Soviet work.
(S/NF)
since most of the SRI funding was based on
a variety of
private and government sources,
it was very difficult to
establish a coherent integrated research/development program.
Funding was limited and subject to extreme cyclic and sporadic
activity that prevented systematic research.
However,
several
important research findings were nevertheless realized.
Among
these were:
(l)
distance/shielding do not effect results;
( 2 )
some people have an innate capability to perform well;
(3)
goal
orientation
is more important then psychological factors/states
or the nature of the target;
and
(4)
a potential correlation
between remote viewing capability and certain brain neurons
(via
Magnetoencephalograph measurements)
may exist.
These findinqs
were based on research procedures and techniques that received
critical review by an expert 9-person Scientific Oversight
Committee.
The research approach and procedures were judged
scientifically sound.
(U)
Research findings
in this area are sometimes not readily
accepted,
regardless of adequacy of experimental controls or
integrity of the investigators.
Consequently,
a variety of
negative views can be found concerning the same data.
Such views
have had
a retarding effect on the field and on funding.
Part of
the controversy lies in the difficulty of agreement between
proof-of-principle" and "reasonable demonstration" demands.
A
listing of recent publications that illustrate both negative as
well
as balanced perspectives
is shown on Table
6.
(U)
However,
attempts to apply anomalous mental phenomena do not
depend on the need for formal proof.
Although formal scientific
acceptance could be helpful,
the history of application
investigations
in this field demonstrates that at least some
level of application reliability can be achieved for some types
of projects.
The issue
is how to improve overall data
quality/reliability
(the main thrust of this
research/investigation plan)
so that wider use can be made of
this potential capability.
(S/NF/SG/LIMDIS)
The successful long distance SRI remote viewing
experiments from the 1970's generated interest
in operational
pursuits with in-house government personnel.
In the late 1970 's
HQDA/INSCOM established a small unit for "development of a
'
community capability"
in RV.
This unit was transferred to DIA in
1986 when
12 billets were authorized
in the GDIP budget for this
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TABLE
RECENT REVIEWS OF PHENOMENOLOGICAL AREA
Critical ;
"Enhancing Human Performance;
Issues,
Theories and
Techniques"; National Research Council
(NRC)
,
1988,
Washington,
D.C.
- This report states that over 130 years of
parapsychological research
have not proven the phenomena
and that many methodological flaws exist.
However,
it recommends
that foreign work
(especially USSR)
be monitored.
Response to Above :
"Reply to the National Research Council Study
on Parapsychology" ;
a special report prepared for Board of
Directors of the Parapsychological Association,
Inc.,
1988;
Research Triangle Park,
N.C.
- Points out several evaluation procedural flaws
in the
NRC report
(e.g.,
data selection,
not visiting leading
researchers,
unbalanced approach)
.
This response states
that strong cases have been established for phenomena
existence.
Balanced :
"Report on a Workshop on Experimental Parapsychology";
International Security and Commerce Program,
Office of Technology
Assessment
(OTA),
22 February 1989.
- Discusses experimental reproducibility, methodological
and other problems; points out that experimental results
in this field are as robust as
in other areas of the
social/psychological sciences;
and calls
for improved open
dialogue along with pursuit of applications as part of an overall
acceptance strategy.
Balanced :
"The Anomaly Called Psi:
Recent Research and
Criticism";
Behavioral and Brain Sciences
(1987)
10,
539-643;
Cambridge University Press.
- Points out that over 100 years of research can lay
claim to phenomena demonstration,
even though the signal
is weak.
Urges for practical applications of psi,
regardless of the small
effects noted in the laboratory environment.
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APPENDIX C
STAR GATE BACKGROUND
(S/NF/SG/LIMDIS)
STAR GATE was initiated by DIA in FY 1991 m
order to carry out Congressional committee recommendations.
The
Congressional action established a new program "intended to
provide
a more systematic and scientifically sound approach to
research in this area,"
and a "wider and more systematic review
of potential intelligence applications"
involving Anomalous
Mental Phenomena
(AMP)
.
The Congressional conferees designated
DIA as the executive agent for this new program,
and agreed that
DIA should:
"Formulate and provide to Congress a long-range
comprehensive plan for research and applied research for the
program.
SG1B
-
"Levy and prioritize requirements for the program as
appropriate.
"Provide for systematic and independent assessment of
program results."
-
"Assure proper documentation of all activities and
plans based on scientific methodology and evaluation."
"Arrange for an appropriate level of external
assistance to the program."
(S/NF)
A funding level of
$2 million was authorized in FY 1991
to initiate this program and to develop
a comprehensive long-
range plan.
All of the key objectives for FY 1991 have been
initiated and many have been accomplished
(see Appendix
D;
STAR
GATE Status)
.
A limited access
(LIMDIS)
program,
STAR GATE,
was
established for this overall effort
in October 1990.
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APPENDIX D
STAR GATE STATUS
- JUNE 1991
A.
(S/NF)
Long-Range Comprehensive Plan :
A basic and applied research general plan was
developed on
15 November 1990.
A long-range comprehensive plan was completed on
June
1991.
B.
(S/NF)
Integrated Foreign Data Base :
-
Collection requirements were identified on
9 November
1990.
-
All-source collection plans were documented on
15 January
1991.
Specific collection plans were implemented starting on
27 March 1991.
An initial bibliographic data base was developed and
entered into the project system on
16 November 1990.
-
Automatic Data Processing
(ADP)
requirements
for all
anticipated data bases and support activities were
identified on 20 December 1990:
Some basic equipment has been obtained.
ADP system procurement is underway.
SG1B
C.
(S/NF)
Program Reguirements :
Research requirements were identified on
15 November
1990.
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SG1B
D.
(S/NF)
Independent Assessment :
-
An independent review/assessment mechanism was
implemented on 20 December 1990.
-
A Project Review Board was established on
17 January
1991.
-
A Project Oversight Panel was established on
9 April
1991.
A Scientific Oversight Committee was established on
28 June 1991.
E.
( S/NF/SG/LIMDIS )
Proper Documentation :
-
A limited access project was established for this
activity on 23 October 1991.
-
General project protocols were documented on
21 November 1990.
-
Protocols for beacon person targeting were published
on
13 December 1990.
Potential tasking mechanisms were published on
10 January 1991.
Security procedures were developed and published on
15 January 1991.
-
Procedures for special proficiency targets were
published on
5 April
1991.
Project procedures were reviewed and modified;
findings were published on
5 April
1991.
A symposium summary and an off-site review summary
were published on
15 March 1991 and
29 April
1991.
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-
Over ten documents on various project investigations
were published between
30 October 1990 and
5 April
1991.
-
A detailed proficiency enhancement project report was
published on 21 June 1991.
-
A detailed operational plan for the remainder of FY
1991 was published on 24 June 1991.
External research will adhere to sound scientific
methodology under the auspices of an expert Scientific
Oversight Committee established at contract start.
-
Human use aspects of the external research will be
reviewed and appraised by an expert Human Use Review
Board established at contract start.
(S/NF)
External Assistance :
-
A basic and applied research general plan was
developed on
15 November 1990.
-
Basic and applied research requirements for the
initial contract were documented on
29 November 1990.
-
An external contract package was prepared on
December 1990.
This contract was signed on
28 June 1991.
Research identified will extend into FY
1992.
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Physics Department,
University of Maryland College Park, MD
General Relativity
California Institute of Technology
University of Texas at Austin
Electromagnetic/Basic Research
Electronetics Corp
Batelle Corp
Institute for Advanced Study
Pasadena ,
CA
Austin,
TX
Buffalo,
NY
Columbus,
OH
Austin,
TX
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APPENDIX F
RESOURCE LITERATURE!
1.
A.R.E.
Journal
2.
Abnormal hypnotic Phenomena
3.
American Anthropologist
.
American Ethnologist
5.
American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis
6.
American Journal of Physiology
.
American Journal of Sociology
8 .
American Psychologist
9.
American Society for Psychical Research
10.
Annals of Eugenics
11.
Annals of Mathematical Statistics
.
Annales de Sciences Psychiques
13.
Archivo di Psicologica Neurologia
e Psychiatra
14.
Association for the Anthropological Study of Consciousness
Newsletter
15.
Behavioral and Brain Science
16.
Behavioral Science
17 .
Bell System Technical Journal
.
Biological Psychiatry
19.
Biological Review
20.
British Journal
for the Philosophy of Science
21*
British Journal of Psychology
22.
Bulletin of the American Physical Research
23.
Bulletin of the Boston Society for Psychic Research
24.
Bulletin of the Los Angeles Neurological Societies
25.
Contributions to Asian Studies
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(4)
Language compiler (s)
(5)
Peripherals
(6)
Equipment interfaces
(7)
Data communications
(8)
System modifications/upgrades
(9)
Development of special purpose
software to support the DT-S mission
b.
(C)
DT-S
is located some distance from
the main Agency computer support facilities.
Should the DT-S
system experience problems or failures,
the system would be down
until someone from the main facility could travel to the DT-S
location to effect repairs,
resulting in a loss of productivity
during the wait period.
Also,
any system modification/upgrades
would have to depend on the schedule of qualified personnel,
again resulting in loss of productivity.
Therefore;
it
is
essential that a person will the necessary computer science
skills be physically located at the DT-S
facility.
4.
(U)
Branch Administration
(S/NF/SG/LIMDIS)
Tasks
in this functional
area may be grouped as
follows;
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f
.
g-
h.
i.
j*
Word Processing
Electronic Filing
Management Support
Security Administration
Report Generation/Document Preparation
RV Tasking
Generation of RV Target Pools
Project/Contract Management
Collection Management
Ft.
Meade Interface/Facilities
(S/NF/SG/LIMDIS)
Tasks
in this area will
require three to four
personnel—a Branch Chief,
an Assistant
Branch Chief,
a Secretary/Administrative Assistant and,
possibly,
a Collection Manager.
The Branch Chief and Assistant Branch
Chief should have experience in project/contract management,
primarily to deal with external research/ support contracts,
as
well as the ability to interface with the academic community and
professional organizations engaged
in parapsychological
activities
in addition to overall management skills associated
with managing a Branch-size organization.
(C)
Based on this evaluation,
a total of
11-
12 personnel will be required to effectively achieve the near-
term DT-S goals.
No attempt has been made to identify the
personnel
as either military or civilian.
This
is an increase of
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1-2 personnel over the current loading.
However; more may be
required than just the addition of personnel
in that the existing
skill mix at DT-S may be insufficient to meet anticipated
programmatic demands.
For the long-term aspects of this plan,
at
least 4-8 additional specialists would be required.
conriDEnTiflL
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