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3.
The assertion that the attention set or "will” data rate in the brain
is the rate at which "hidden variable "-governed quantum processes are
influencing the mind,
or at which the mind can influence quantum proc-
esses.
Such a mind-mind or mind-object link provides a "hidden var-
iable" theory of psi phenomena,
suitable for telepathy,
clairvoyance,
precognition,
and PK.
Since according to
this theory the "will" or paranormal data rate,
3 (10)
Q
bits/sec,
is a very small fraction of the conscious data rate,
7.5(10)
bits/sec
the rarity of paranormal cognition is explained.
Assuming a perceptive cue may
occur at random from either data rate permits a calculation of the incidence
of psi ability in an individual or a population.
Fair agreement results.
A detailed calculation is presented of the effect of quantum uncertainties
in the initial position and velocity of a cubical die which bounces down an
inclined plane.
This experimental situation amplifies initial quantum uncer-
tainties into macroscopic differences in the final position of the die.
The
results of PK placement experiments on rolling dice are consistent with these
calculations, lending credence to the belief that PK operates by resolving
quantum uncertainty.
CRITIQUE:
1.
The somewhat dubious contention that the triggering of nerve synopses
is a quantum process requires more substantiation.
The author's ar-
guments leading to this contention,
though published or reported,
are
not readily accessible.
A like statement applies
to his calculation
and interpretation of the three fundamental data rates xn the braxn.
All the author’s ideas form an interlocking system which has evolved
over several years.
To secure acceptance,
or even objective consid-
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eration,
these thoughts should be combined into a single,
concise,
and self-contained presentation, which the present paper is not.
2.
Hidden variables are controversial and by no means form a part of ac-
cepted physical theory.
No compelling physical evidence requires them,
unless psi phenomena itself constitutes such evidence.
Invocation of
physical hidden variables for a theory of consciousness
is a radical
assumption,
justifiable only by successful results.
3.
The theory has not yet predicted anything.
The calculations of the
incidence of psi ability,
and of the influence of quantum uncertain-
ties upon dice rolling,
show consistency with experiment but do not
test the fundamental assumptions of the theory.
The former calcula—
4.
'
tion depends only upon a single number
(the ratio 1:10
),
and the
latter is a physical calculation,
4.
Regardless of its validity,
Dr. Walker’s theory is
the most explicit,
detailed,
and quantitative theory of psi phenomena presented at this
conference;
though perhaps not the most fundamental.
Unlike some of
the other papers its contents are sufficiently explicit to permit de-
tailed criticism and evaluation,
and
to at least offer some possibil-
ities of experimental assessment.
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2.
PRECOGNITTON-A MEMORY OF THINGS FUTURE?
Gerald Feinberg,
Department of Physics,
Columbia University, New York.
SUMMARY:
The suggestion is advanced that precognition may be knowledge of a future
state of the percipient's mind rather than prior knowledge of an objective
state of the physical world.
Thus,
like memory where the East state of the
mind is recalled, precognition is perception of
a future state of the mind.
Professor Feinberg notes that the theory of electromagnetic radiation,
and
other physical theories,
in principle permits both time retarded and time ad-
vanced solutions.
The time advanced solutions which propagate information from
future to past are customarily excluded for the reason that they have
not, been
observed experimentally.
The possibility exists of some small admixture of
time advanced solution together with the dominant time retarded solution.
In
the case of electromagnetic theory experiments are presently testing this pos-
ty
sibility to the accuracy of one part in 10
.
If one assumes that the mechanism of memory, whatever it may be, likewise
permits a small admixture of time advanced solutions as well as
the usual time
retarded ones which we call memory, we have the phenomena of occasional pre-
cognition based upon perception of a future state of the mind.
Precognition
of events
is possible only if the percipient learns of the event at some time
in the future.
These speculations would receive experimental substantiation if precog-
nition is influenced by the same factors as influence memory.
CRITIQUE:
Basically a trivial paper,
containing one idea expressed in the title,
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together with some standard physics which is only related to psi phenomena by
virtue of a strained analogy between electromagnetic radiation and memory
processes.
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3.
PARAPSYCHOLOGY. QUANTUM LOGIC AND INFORMATION THEORY
C.T.K.
Chari, Madras Christian College, Madras,
India
( Professor Chari did not attend the conference.
His paper was read by
Harold Puthoff.
)
SUMMARY:
In addition to three types of conventional biological information;
1.)
ge-
netic,
2.)
environmentally conditioned,
and 3.)
symbolic and recorded communi-
cation;
the author postulates
a 4th type of information network,
the psi—net-
work.
The logic of this network would be non-Boolean.
Understanding the psi
network may require use of recently proposed concepts in the quantum theory of
measurement and in information theory.
CRITIQUE:
A paper written in the context of philosophy and formal logic without,
however,
a clear internal organisation.
It provides no theory clear enough
for experimental verification or further development.
The principal value of
the paper
is Its numerous citations of recent work in the philosophy of quan-
tum mechanics and in information theory.
Indeed this paper reads like an over,
abbreviated review article.
Since C.T.K.
Chari did not attend the conference he read advanced drafts
of some of the presented papers and submitted a written version of his reac-
tions to them entitled:
An Indian Parapsychologist's Reactions to the Geneva Conference on
"Quantum Physics and Parapsychology”
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4.
QUANTUM PARADOXES AMD ARISTOTLE'S TWOFOLD INFORMATION CONCEPT
0, Costa de Beauregard,
Instltut Henri Poincare,
Paris,
Prance
SUMMARX:
Hie problems of relativity,
time reversibility,
and entropy increase
lead to consideration of measurement processes in the context of information
theory*
A measurement process by which informat5.on is acquired produces
an increase in entropy,
since negative entropy must be supplied equal to
or greater than the information acquired.
Such a process is a learning
or a perceptual process.
An entropy increasing process is dissipative,
and' dissipation is a requirement of macroscopic causality in the normal
sense of past determining the future or,
equivalently, retarded waves.
The author proposes the reverse process
( an ordering process)
whereby pre-existing information is converted into order, a process
which occurs whenever any conceptual scheme is actualized to produce
macroscopic order.
Ordering decreases entropy.
An entropy decreasing
process- is the reverse of dissipative and implies macroscopic acausality
(or finality)
in the sense of the future situation determining the past.
or advanced waves.
Both processes, which were foreshadowed in Aristotle’s thinking,
can be represented by the two chains of equivalence:
Measurement—>Information
Information-* Ordering
Entropy Increase
Dissipation
Causality
Retarded Wave
Past to Future
Entropy Decrease
Anti-Dissipation
Finality
Advanced Waves
Future to Past
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Although de faeto the first column predominates in natural macroscopic
processes,
the inverse process of the second column
isj a theoretical
possibility and indeed must also occur#
At the microscopic level of
elementary quantum processes one might expect a symmetry between the two
columns,
similar to the other symmetries of microscopic physics
( time
reversal,
charge conjugation,
etc.).
Since probability plays a central
role in quantum theory,
the two types of process depending respectively
on increasing and decreasing order, have tight consequences.
Some of
these are PK by use of copious information to control a quantum process,
and telepathy by the linked outcome of quantum measuring processes.
Basically these considerations are summarized in the statement that the
wave function of quantum mechanics propagates probabilities.
It is not
a physical field which propagates, but rather an information field.
CRITIQUE*
Though scarcely providing an explicit theory,
this paper hews closely
to established physical .understanding*
It provides a theoretical framework
which not only may connect observed ESP effects with quantum mechanics,
but which also places ESP in the very general context of information
theory.
Whatever else it may be or may involve, ESP does deal with
Information.
In addition the paper points up how information theory may
underlie some very deepr physical principles.
This is a provocative paper,
perhaps the most profound physical discussion at the conference.
It may
perhaps formulate a general foundation upon which could be built an
intelligible physical theory of ESP.
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