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republic.
The
institute
has
also
achieved
substantial
successes
in
the
study
of helminthiases
and
the
organization
of
measures
to
combat
them
.
Author:
Yermolayev,
V.,
correspon-
dent
(Lis tveni chnoye
Settlement,
Irkutsk
Oblast)
Title:
DEEP-LEVEL
STUDIES
OF
ELEMENTARY PARTICLES
IN
LAKE
BAYKAL
Primary
source:
Pravda,
March
5,
1982,
No.
(23225),
p.
2,
cols.
6-8
Extract:
A
new
contingent
of
scien-
tists
has
begun work
in
the
southwest
part
of
Lake
Baykal.
Associates
of
the Limnology
Institute
and
the
Siberian
In stitute
of
Earth ..Magnetism,
tli e"
' I_o~nb¥ph ere
_.an.d~Pr b P a g a t i o.n_af
Radio l aves
are
drilling
through
the
Thick
ice
'\7f
the
lake.
Their
task
is
to
study
properties
of
the
ice
and
features
of
processes
taking
place
in
the water
under
its
solid
surface
.
"The
decision
has
been
made
to
create
a
station
near
Marituy
Settlement,
east
of
Cape
Stolba,
for
detecting
and
recording elementary
particles
--
muons
and
neutrinos
--
at
deep
levels
of
the water,"
reported
G.
Galaziy,
a
corresponding
member
of
the
USSR Academy
of
Sciences
and
director
of
the
Limn o logy
Ins t it. u t e
.
"This
work
will
be
pursued
in
accordance with
the
Dumande
international
program,
with
specialists
of
a number
of
countries
participating.
The
contingent
of
limnologists
and
physicists
is
also
studying
the
strength
of
the
ice,
for
the
purpose
of
issuing recommendations
regarding
the
installation
and
transporting
of
apparatus
in
the winter."
The
strength
of
rays
of
the
sun
penetrating
the
ice
layer
also
requires
careful
evaluation.
The
water
is
heated
by
two
degrees
under
pure
ice
one
meter
thick,
which
transmits
solar
radiation
well.
As
a
result,
photosynthesis
of
algae
takes
place
and
fish
eggs
develop,
which
reduces
the
transparency
of.
the
water.
It
was
thought
up
until
recently
that
the
ice
impeded heat
radiation
emitted
by
the
bottom
of
Lake
Baykal.
It
was
presumed
that
a kind
of
greenhouse
effect
occurs
and
the
uppermost
layer
of
the water
is
heated
.
"Our
experiments
have
not
con-
firmed
the
existence
of
this
phenomenon,"
said
Candidate
of
Phy s i cal -Ma t hema t i c al
Sciences
P.
Shers ty ankin
,
the
head
of
the
contingent.
"It
has
been
established
that
cracked
ice
'functions'
as
a
prism,
a
trap
for
rays
of
the
sun.
Rays
penetrating
the water
can
emerge
in
the
opposite
direction
only
at
a
strictly
determined
angle.
A
light
field
is
thus
created
under
the
ice.
"The
detection
of
muons
and
of
flows
of
neutrinos
coming
from
the
sun
and
stars
is
of
great
significance.
These
perpetual wanderers
and
envoys
from outer
space
help
to
interpret
the
structure
of
space,
as well
as
processes
taking
place
in
the
universe.
Knowledge
of
these
processes
is
also
of
practical
interest.
"Take,
for
example,
muons
--
elementary
particles which
originate
in
the
interaction
of
cosmic
rays
with
the
matter
of
the
earth.
'
s
atmosphere.
These
rays
are
capable,
of
penetrating
our
planet
to
a
depth
of
kilometers,
probing
the
upper
layers
of
the
earth's
crust
by
radiation.
With
the
aid
of
muons,
one
can
pursue
geophysical
prospect-
ing
of
minerals,
check
the
correct-
ness
of
the
drilling
of
tunnels
through
rock,
and
determine more
precisely
the boundaries
of
ore
bodies
and
of water
supplies
in
the
snow
cover
of
almost
inaccessible
mountain
regions
from which
avalanches
and mudslides
descend."
Title:
INEFFICIENCIES
IN MACHINE
BUILDING'S
PLANNING AND ACCOUNTING
Primary
source:
Ekonomi ch e sk ay
a
gazeta,
March,
1982,
No.
10,
p.
6,
co Is
.
4-5
Extract:
The bureau
of
an
inter-
agency
commission
of
the
USSR
State
Planning
Committee
(Gosplan)
has
reviewed
the
question
of
improving
planning
indicators
and
evaluation
of
the work
of
machine building
enterprises.
It
was
noted
that
a
number
of
departments
of
USSR
Gosplan
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