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^^789R00220018^I
Final
Report- -Objective
E,
Task
Covering
the Period
October
1985
to 30 September
1987
December
1 987
POSSIBLE PHOTON PRODUCTION DURING
A REMOTE VIEWING TASK:
A REPLICATION EXPERIMENT
(U)
c-
MANAGING TOTAL QUALITY
3M QUALITY MANAGEMENT SERVICES
612/778-7560
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Tfjis document
consists of
19 pages.
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ABSTRACT (U)
^
\ Attempting
to verify a claim by
the Chinese
that
light
is
emitted
in
the vicinity of correctly identified remote viewing
(RV)
target
material,
we repeated an experiment first published
in FY 1984.
In
that
earlier experiment,
a state-of-the-art,
ambient
temperature,
photon
counting system was used
to monitor
the
target material
(35-mm slides
of
National Geographic Magazine photographs).
The statistical measure derived
from the photon counting apparatus
in that
study showed a significant
positive correlation with
the RV results
(p < 0.035).
That
is,
when
the
remote viewing was good,
there was
an
increase
in
the
signal detected by
the photon -counting system.
In addition,
we observed
two anomalous pulses
having a signal-to-noise
ratio of about
20:1
to
40:1.
In
the present
experiment
(FY 1987),
we
improved all hardware aspects
of
the previous
work,
substantially reducing
the background noise
level and improving
shielding against
artifact.
In addition,
analysis
of
the remote viewing
indicates
that
three out of
the four viewers produced
independently
significant
results.
Our analysis
of
the photomultiplier
tube
(PMT)
data
shows no evidence of any anomalous high count
rate pulses,
no evidence of
any effect
on
the PMT output during
the RV session,
and no evidence of any
significant correlation between RV performance and PMT output.
We conclude
that
(1)
the effect proposed by
the Chinese
is artifactual
in nature.
ii
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III
RESULTS (U)
A.
(U) Remote Viewing Results
(U)
Each RV session was judged using an FM analysis.
The FM
is defined as the product
of two measures: accuracy and reliability.
The accuracy of an RV response
is the fraction of the
target material that is described correctly.
Reliability is the fraction of the response that is correct.
Tables
I through 4 show the RV results for each trial. The session number (9001.cr, for example)
incorporates a code
for each viewer as well as the chronological sequence of viewings.
Table
(U)
REMOTE VIEWING RESULTS FOR VIEWER 009
Session
Figure
of Merit
p-value
9001. lg
0.5714
0.0238
9002. lg
0.3810
0.1961
9003
. lg
0.4444
0.0497
9004. lg
0.3333
0.3650
9005
. lg
0.0667
0.9233
9006. lg
0.3556
-
0.-2697
Overall
p <
0.0450
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Table
(U)
REMOTE VIEWING RESULTS FOR VIEWER 105
Session
Figure of Merit
p-value
9001
. rs
0.4571
0.0412
9002
. rs
0.1667
0.3486
9003
. rs
0.1600
0.3618
9004
. rs
0.3333
0.1039
9005
. rs
0.0000
. 0000
9006
. rs
0.3810
0.0475
Overall
p
0.0488
Table
(U)
REMOTE VIEWING RESULTS FOR VIEWER
177
Session
Figure of Merit
p-value
9001. hs
0.4444
0.2430
9002. hs
0.1143
0.9579
9003 .hs
0.3810
0.2978
9004
. hs
0.5000
0.2392
9005 .hs
0.5952
0.0677
9006. hs
0.6429
0.0136
Overall
p
<2
0.0385
"I
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Table
(U)
REMOTE VIEWING RESULTS FOR VIEWER
807
Session
Figure of Merit
p-value
9001
. cr
0.0000
1.0000
9002
. cr
0.3333
0.2267
9003. cr
0.5208
0.0240
9004
. cr
0.0833
0.7494
9005
. cr
0.3750
0.1321
9006
. cr
0.1333
0.5911
Overall
p <
0.1895,
n
. s
.
V
\
(U) From the FM analysis performed for our FY 1984 experiment, we determined that by
computing the p-value for each FM we could determine an average p for each viewer and for all
sessions combined. The overall probability of obtaining that average p-value was then calculated,
either by an exact method for small numbers of sessions7 or by using the central limit theorem for
greater than 20 sessions. 8
In the current analysis, an additional
test of significance,
the Fisher
Chi-square technique, 8 has been added
to supplement the
probability associated with average
p-value
for a given series.
Jrhe overall p-values given
for each viewer's
series
as
shown
in
Tables
1 through
4 were calculated using
the Fisher Chi-square
technique.
Averaging all p-values
for all
sessions yielded p(avg.)
= 0.3437.
Using
the central-limit
theorem,
the probability associated with
that average
value
is
p < 0.004.
Using
the Fisher Chi-square method,
a p-value of <
0.0036 was calculated
for all
sessions,
indicating good agreement
between
techniques.
We observed
that
three out
of
the four viewers
independently produced significant results.
Such an outcome
is an
extremely rare
event.
If
the probability of
success
is
p <
0.05,
the
binomial probability of obtaining three
out
of four successful results
is
p
< 0.00048.
These
individual
and overall remote viewing results are
substantially better
than were achieved
in
the FY 1984
study.
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