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(4)
The
results
are due
to
recording
errors
or
motivated
misreadings
of the
data.
The data were recorded through the use of an automated procedure that
eliminated human error in data recording.
(5)
Observees knew
the
target
sequence and
so
manipulated
their physiology
to conform
to
the experimenter's
expectations.
The use of a random sequence
that was accessed after
all pre-experimental interactions with the Observee
ruled out this potential artifact.
(6)
The results are due to arbitrary selection of data.
The number of trials and
subjects was
specified
in advance and
the reported analyses
include
all
/ recorded data that fell within the experimental protocol.
CONCLUSIONS
This research provides an independent conceptual replication of the
remote observation experiments conducted by Braud, et.
al, under conditions
that
rule
out
conventional
sensory
exchange
between
experimental
participants. The work builds upon an increasing data base suggesting that
people are able to interact with one another at non-sensory levels, including
the mental influence of one person upon another person’s physiology
(e.g.,
Braud and Schlitz 1989; May and Vilenskaya, 1994).
As is often the case in research, the findings raise more questions than
answers.
More research is needed to better understand the mechanisms
at
play in this work.
For example, a larger study designed to systematically
manipulate the direction of the effect would be useful.
Another promising
area of research would address the possible role of influence as compared with
information
acquisition
in an
ostensible
information exchange
process.
Following the work of May, Radin, Hubbard, Humphrey, and Utts (1986), this
leads us to ask whether the results can be accounted for by a distant influence
on the part of the Observer or to a passive responsiveness on the part of the
Observee.
Lastly, more research
is needed
to assess the degree
to which
Remote Observation effects can be limited, blocked or shielded. Such questions
are
essential
to the development of a
truly progressive research program
(Lakatos, 1978).
This
work,
in
the
context
of
previous
research by
independent
researchers, has
significant implications
for our understanding
of human
communication processes and for a reevaluation of a worldview in which
humans are seen as isolated beings.
Furthermore, the results suggest the need
for
a broader approach
to human consciousness
than
that held by
the
conventional, reductionistic, scientific paradigm (Harman, 1991).
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Figure 1: Floor Plan for Remote Observation Experiment
Observee-Observer Distance = 13.7 m.
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Call
Mean
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—Q— M
-O-
F
Figure 2: Interaction line plot for gender pairings (opposite sex and same
sex) and skin conductance activity
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