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Interim
Report
October
1979
SPECIAL ORIENTATION TECHNIQUES
(U)
By:
RUSSELL TARG
HAROLD
E. PUTHOFF
EDWIN
C. MAY
333 Ravenswood Avenue
Menlo
Park,
California 94025
U.S.A.
(415) 326-6200
Cable:
SRI
INTL MNP
.
TWX:
910-373-1246
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(This
Page
is UNCLASSIFIED)
Interim
Report
October
1979
Covering
the period from
1 May
to 30 September
1979
SPECIAL ORIENTATION TECHNIQUES
(U)
By:
RUSSELL TARG
HAROLD
E. PUTHOFF
EDWIN
C. MAY
SRI
Project 8465
Copy No
This document
consists of 59
pages.
Approved by:
SR
,
9_4431
ROBERT
S. LEONARD, Director
Radio Physics Laboratory
CLASSIFIED BY:
MSG, HQDA (DAMI-ISH)
dated
July
1978
REVIEW ON:
October 1999
(This
Page
is UNCLASSIFIED)
NOT RELEASABLE TO
FOREIGN NATIONALS
333 Ravenswood Avenue
•
Menlo
Park,
California 94025
•
U.S.A.
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CONTENTS
LIST OF
ILLUSTRATIONS
iv
LIST OF TABLES
v
I
INTRODUCTION
I I
BACKGROUND
A*
Remote Viewing Protocols
(for
the Description of
Remote Geographical
Targets)
.
B,
Judging
the Results
C,
Transcript
Concept Analysis
III
ORIENTATION RESULTS
A.
Remote Viewing
of Geographical Targets
B*
Summary of the
Six
Series
1.
Viewer
No.
155
2.
Viewer
No.
292
3.
Viewer
No,
372.
4.
Viewer
No,
468
5.
Viewer
No.
518
6.
Viewer
No.
690
C.
Comparison of Blind Judging and Subjective
Assessment
D.
Remote Viewing
of 35mm Slides
1.
Viewer
No.
372
2.
Viewer
No.
518
E.
Remote Viewing of Alphabet
Letters
F.
Extended Remote Viewing
(ERV)
1.
Background
2.
Pilot Effort.
3.
Formal
Series
(Six Trials)
4.
Discussion
ii
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G.
Coordinate Remote Viewing
(CRV) with Immediate
Feedback
IV
CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
iii
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ILLUSTRATIONS
Stanford Shopping Center— Target ,
and Viewer 372
Drawi ng
Mount Alverno Conference Center,
and Viewer 372 Drawing
,
.
.
Ultra Modern Dome House— Target,
and Viewer 372 Drawing
.
.
.
Varsity Theatre Arcade—Target,
and Viewer 518 Drawing.
.
.
.
Victorian House— Target,
and Viewer
518 Drawing
Glass
Slipper Motel— Target,
and Viewer
518 Drawing
Copper Pitcher and Viewer
518 ERV Response
Food Mill Target
and Viewer
518 ERV Response
Tripod Target and Viewer
518 ERV Response
Straw Hat
Target and Viewer
518 ERV Response
Antenna and Viewer
518 ERV Response
Globe Target and Viewer
518 ERV Response
iv
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TABLES
Results
of
Transcript
Concept Analysis
of
a Remote Viewing
Experiment
,
„
0-7
Point Evaluation Scale for Target /Trans cript
Correspondence
Distribution of
Target /Response Matchings
v
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I
INTRODUCTION
This report presents
preliminary results
and assessments
from the
first
six months
of
a one-year investigation of techniques for the optimization
of
remote viewing among client-selected individuals.
The objective
of this
program is
the familiarization of
these
individuals with the SRI remote
viewing protocols, with the goal
of producing enhanced
levels
of
ability,
and the establishment
of screening tests
and procedures
to enlarge the
population from which such individuals are selected.
In Section
II
of
this
report we present
briefly the background
of the
remote viewing protocol
that
is
the basis
of
this
attempted technology
transfer.
In Section
III we describe the remote viewing series
carried
out with each
of
six client-supplied volunteers.
Each of these series
consisted
of
six trials, which are now
in various
stages
of
the process
of formal evaluation.
Two participants from the first
series
have returned
to SRI
for an additional
two weeks training each,
in
a variety of remote
viewing
tasks,
and the results
of
this work
is
also discussed.
In Section
IV are presented our overall assessments
and recommendations.
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I I
BACKGROUND
With the overall objective
of improving
the reliability of psycho-
energetic functioning, we have investigated several different
familiarization/
training strategies,
both with
the goal
of developing techniques useful
in
identifying gifted remote viewers
,
and
of providing the
most
optimal
environment
for individuals participating
in remote viewing.
A.
Remote Viewing Protocols
(for
the Description of Remote
Geographical Targets)
As
carried
out
at
SRI
,
the general procedure
is
to closet
the per-
cipient,
hereafter
called the viewer, with an interviewer,
and
at
a
prearranged time
to obtain from the viewer
a description
of
an undisclosed,
remote
site being visited by
a
target
team,
one
of whose members
is known
to the remote viewer and who thereby constitutes
the target
or
beacon
person.
The target team
is assigned their target
location by an inde-
pendent experimenter who has generated a
list
of targets
located within
a 30-minute driving
time from SRI
,
and who accesses
this
list by
a randomi-
zation procedure.
The target pool
consists
of sixty target
locations
chosen
from
a target-rich environment.
The target
location selected
is
kept
blind
to both the viewer and interviewer
closeted at
SRI.
The protocol
is
thus
of
the double-blind type.
In detail:
To begin
a trial,
a viewer
is sequestered with an inter-
viewer at
SRI,
and
is
instructed to wait 30 minutes
before beginning his
E.
Puthoff
and
R.
Targ
,
"A Perceptual Channel
for
Information Transfer
over Kilometer Distances/
Proc .
IEEE
,
vol,
(March
1976),
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narrative description of where the target team has
gone.
Meanwhile,
the
target team obtains
sealed traveling orders
from
a monitor who has
previously
prepared and randomized
a
set
of
such orders.
After leaving
SRI
by auto-
mobile,
the
target
team opens
the traveling orders and proceeds directly
to the target without
any communication with
the viewer
or interviewer
remaining
at
SRI.
The
interviewer remaining with
the viewer
in the
SRI
laboratory
is kept
ignorant
of
the target
,
so
as
to eliminate
the possi-
bility of
cueing
(overt
or subliminal)
and
to allow him freedom in question-
ing the viewer
for clarification of his
descriptions.
The target team
remains
at
the target
site
for
a prearranged
15-minute period following
the 30 minutes alloted
for
travel.
During the observation period,
the
viewer
at
SRI
is asked
to describe his
impressions
of
the target
site
into
a
tape recorder and
to
make any drawings
he
thinks appropriate.
A tenta-
tive evaluation
is
made
of
his
output when the target team returns
to
SRI.
Finally,
following the
trial,
the viewer
is
taken to the site
so
that
he
may obtain direct
feedback.
B.
Judging the Results
To obtain an initial numerical evaluation
of
the accuracy of
a series
of,
say,
N remote viewing experiments,
the results
are
subjected
to inde-
pendent
judging on
a blind basis
by SRI research analysts
not otherwise
associated with the program.
In preparation for the
judging,
the viewer's
tapes are transcribed,
and the transcripts are edited only to the extent
of deleting information
which might
act
as artifactual
cues
to
a
judge,
such as
references
to other
targets,
or phrases which might
indicate
the temporal order of transcripts.
The response packets, which in our
case
contain
six typed transcripts
of
the
tape-recorded narratives and associated drawings
,
are then presented
to the analyst
in random order.
Working alone,
the analyst visits each
of
the six target
locations
and
in
a blind fashion ranks each
of
the
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viewer’s
descriptions on
a
scale
to
(best
to worst
match),
generating
a
6 X 6 matrix .
A precise measure
of the statistical significance
of the
matrix
of target/transcript
rankings
is given by
a
di rect-count-of-
permutations
method
of great generality. 2
It
is an exact
calculation
method requiring
no approximations
such
as
normality assumptions.
Further-
more,
the
judging process
that
goes
into generating
the matrix
is
not
required
to
be independent trans cript-to-transcript
nor targct-to-target
.
Finally,
numerical estimates
of target/transcript
correspondences
can
be
made
on
the basis
of rank-order
or rating
scales
(e.g.,
rank ordering
to
n,
best
to worst
match;
or
concept analysis,
rating
0-100,
zero to
complete
correspondence;
arbitrary scale rating arrived at
by some
complex
procedure involving many factors
such
as occurs
in multiple- judge voting,
etc.).
The argument
is
as
follows.
In the absence
of knowledge
as
to which transcript
was
generated in
response
to which target,
one observes
that
in setting up the target-
transcript
matrix there are
nl
possible ways
to
label
the columns
(tran-
scripts),
given any particular order of
the rows
(targets),
and vice versa.
Thus,
there are
nl
possible matrices which could
be constructed from the
raw
judging
data,
all
of them equally likely under the
null hypothesis
that
the viewer’s remote viewing attempts
produce nothing but vague and
general descriptions and/or occasional chance correspondences with various
target
sites.
Each matrix has
its associated sum on the matrix diagonal
corresponding to
a possible alignment
of targets.
The significance
level
for the experiment
is then determined by
counting the
number
of possible
matrices
that would yield
a result
(diagonal
sum) equal
to
or better
(i.e.,
lower
sum of ranks
in the rank-order
case,
C.
Scott,
M 0n the Evaluation of Verbal Material
in Parapsychology/'
Jour,
Soc.
Psych.
Res .,
vol
.
(June
1972).
sccrh-
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higher sum of scores
in the correspondence-rating
case,
etc.)
than that
obtained for the matrix
corresponding
to the key, and dividing
by
ni
This ratio gives
the probability of obtaining
by chance
a result equal
to or better than that obtained
in the actual
judging process.
As an overall calibration of the remote viewing process,
against
which specific examples
can be gauged, we
can take
as
a background data
base the
lengthy collection
of
51 remote viewing trials
collected over
a
several-year period with nine subjects, and published
in Reference
1.
In these trials
subjects were targeted on local targets
(bridges,
swimming
pools,
theaters, airports,
computers,
machine shops,
etc.) within
a 20 km
range
of
SRI.
The quality of
the results was
such
that
the
judges, who
had
to determine in
a blind fashion which subject-generated data packages
(tape transcripts and drawings) were associated with which target
sites,
were able to blind match transcripts
to targets
in first
place
in roughly
half
the
cases.
C.
Transcript Concept Analysis
In order
to assess quantitatively the degree
of
correspondence between
a given transcript and
target,
we have recently developed a concept analysis
procedure which provides for detailed comparisons.
In
this
new procedure,
we begin by analyzing each transcript
for
its
specific content.
To ac-
complish this,
the transcript
is
divided into
a
list
of
specific concepts,
where
a
concept
may consist
of
a single word or phrase from the transcript
(e.g.,
"red"),
or
a single word or phrase that summarizes
a
lengthy idea
(e.g.,
"shady").
A list
of
concepts
is made
for each transcript in
a
series
to be
judged.
The analysis proceeds
by having
a
judge,
who
is
blind to which transcripts actually match which targets,
stand
at
the
first
target
location on his
target
list,
and for each transcript
make an
assessment,
concept
by concept,
on
a rating scale of
0 to
10,
A rating
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of
0 implies
no correspondence whatever between that
particular
concept
and the target
site
in question,
and
a
10 implies
complete correspondence.
Intermediate scores
are given in proportion to the extent
of the
corres-
pondence.
Having done this
for each
of
the
concepts,
one
by one,
in the
first transcript,
the
judge repeats
the assessment
as
independently as
possible for all
the
concepts
in all
of
the remaining transcripts.
Ho
then proceeds
to the
next target site on the
list and repeats
the
concept
assessment
for all
of
the transcripts
as applied to that site.
Having
finished all the
travel sites in this manner,
the
judge computes
the
average rating score for all
concepts
in each transcript
matched against
each target.
When there are
six trials
in the series,
there are
36 such
averages
.
In
a second step of the
judging procedure,
the
judge displays
his
results
in
a matrix with targets
displayed as
rows and transcripts displayed
as
columns.
An example from an actual
experiment
(Viewer
690)
is
shown
in Table
.
At
this
point
in the analysis,
the
judge submits
his results.
The
statistical approach used to analyze
the
matrix, is then the direct-count
of-permutations
method described earlier.
For
the results
shown in
Table
1 the probability of
obtaining equal
or better matching by chance
is
only p = 1/61
= 0.0013.
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Tabic
RESULTS OF TRANSCRIPT CONCEPT ANALYSIS
OF A REMOTE VIEWING EXPERIMENT
(a)
Ratings
Targets
Transcripts
A
B
C
D
E
F
Shielded Room
3.55
5.85
2.20
3 .80
2.90
2.20
Alta Mesa
3.40
o
o
6.05
2.85
3.00
4,70
Ely Chevrolet
3.50
2.60
1.75
2.00
4.45
4.30
Four Seasons
4.90
3.20
4.80
2.80
2.60
4.85
Methodist Church
2.15
2.60
3.50
3.20
4,70
6.45
Library Stacks
4.05
3 .90
3.80
3.80
4.30
6.25
(b)
Rankings
Circles
indicate target/transcript
key.
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III
ORIENTATION RESULTS
In this
section we describe
six remote viewing series
carried out
with each
of
the
client-supplied volunteers.
All
series
have been assessed
as
to the degree
of
remote viewing exhibited,
and in addition,
four
of
these
series have been formally evaluated
by blind
judging;
the other
two
are presently in the process
of being blind
judged.
In addition to these
trials, we are
now
carrying
out
a
more varied series
of training exercises
in which each remote viewer spends
two weeks
at
SRI.
Thus
far,
two
of
the
original
group
of
six have taken part
in this additional
training
and
their results
are discussed here also.
A
.
Remote Viewing
of
Geographical Targets
During
the
months
of May,
June,
and
July,
six one-week remote viewing
series were
conducted,
one week each with
the six
client participants.
These series were
carried
out
at
the rate
of
two series
per month.
The
purpose
of
these initial training activities was
to obtain baseline
data
on each of the
participants
taking part
in
a uniform series
of trials,
and
to provide
a basis
for
later evaluation and
comparison
of
their per-
formance
in more
diverse tasks.
The
six remote viewing sessions
for each participant were
conducted
at
a
rate of one
per
day,
except
for Thursdays, when there were
two
sessions.
The
investigators
divided
the interviewing and outbound tasks,
with RT remaining with
the viewer
for the first
four
trials
,
and HP acting
as
interviewer
for the
last
two.
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B
.
Summary of the Six Series
The following summarizes
our impressions
of
the thirty-six remote
viewing trials
carried
out
in our
laboratory,
May through July
1979,
by
the six
client
participants.
As
indicated earlier,
a
formal
blind
judging
has
been carried out
for four
of
the
series,
and will shortly
be
completed
for
the two remaining series.
In order
to present
a
coherent assessment
of the sessions
in this
summary, we rate each session individually, with regard
to
our subjective
impression
as
to
its
correspondences
and similarities
to the intended
target
site.
This
is
not intended
as
the equivalent
of
’’blind
judging”
since
it
is post hoc
,
but
it
does provide
a relative
measure
from our
standpoint
as
to
the success
of
the various participants.
We rate each
transcript
on
a
0 to
scale, with
a
for
no
correspondence,
and
a
for
a
transcript
that
could
not reasonably pertain
to any site
other than the
actual target
(for example,
naming
the target
correctly.)
Identifying
boats
at
a
boat
dock, would
get
a
or
6 depending on
the presence or
absence
of
other noncorroborated
items
in the RV transcript.
Again,
the
to
7 rating
is
not
a
blind measure of
the presence of remote viewing
functioning,
but
rather
a procedure
for comparing the relative performance
of
the participants.
Nonetheless,
as we
see
later,
the correlation or
agreement between this subjective
rating system and the
results
of formal
blind judging
is
high.
.
Viewer
No.
155
Target
1:
White Plaza
at
Stanford University
.
This
trial was
the first
in
the overall group of
thirty-six,
and also was
in our opinion
(and that
of
the blind
judge)
one
of
the very best
in the
series
of
six
with this remote viewer.
The viewer correctly identified
the main feature
of
the
site
as being
a plaza with
a
fountain.
lie also had
a
tall column
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dominating the
scene, which is
a
good match for Hoover Tower,
just behind
the
fountain.
Additionally described were
a series of arches, which are
a recurring feature in the buildings
surrounding the courtyard.
Rating
=
5.
Target
2:
Stanford Art Museum .
The viewer did not describe
this
large Greek-columned building at
all.
He
did,
however,
mention and draw
the double colonnade
of trees
leading up to
the
building,
together with
other nearby features,
such
as arches and red-tiled roofs,
and indicated
that
he
felt
that
it was again a
"Stanford type"
of
target.
Rating =
3.
Target
:
Logo
.
This target
is
a
6 ft X 12
ft orange metal
sculpture on the grass
lawn of
a
chemical
company.
It
is
a symbolic chain
molecule,
consisting
of four
large diamond shapes
connected together.
The
viewer
did not describe anything that
pertained to the target.
His
main
features were
of
a gazebo structure.
Rating
=
0.
Target
4:
Fire Circle
.
Among other things,
the viewer
correctly
described
a circular depressed area, with decending steps,
a squared-off
far end,
and something
in the
center.
This
is
an excellent description
of
the target and was accompanied by
a corresponding drawing.
However,
the viewer also described and drew two other fairly coherent scenes which
did
not pertain to the
target.
Consequently the
judge who eventually did
evaluate this
series
in the blind,
ranked this
transcript
in fifth place,
out
of
six,
because
of
its
correspondences
to other targets.
Simply rating
the transcript
and drawings
to the actual target,
our subjective assessment
was
a rating
=
3.
Target
5:
Pedestrian Overpass
.
The viewer's
initial description
was
of
a
"lacey arch," which
is
a very apt summary of
this wire and pipe
structure.
He went on to describe his "confined feeling."
His description
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then wandered off
into
a
"narrow alley" and what
sounded
like
a village
scene with stucco buildings..
His
fourth drawing was
a
good representation
of
the arched entrance
to
the overpass.
Again
there were
so many extraneous
elements
to
the viewer’s
output
that
our
judge ranked
this
transcript
fourth out
of
six.
Rating
it only with regard to
the
individual
target,
we assigned
it
a rating
= 3.
Target
6:
Valombrosa Meeting Center
.
The main features
of
his
description was
a
fan shaped structure,
closely matching
the
roof design
of
the principle element
of
the
target.
He pictured
it
as
an "arched
cave with bars," which
led
to
the
blind
judge incorrectly matching
it
to
the pedestrian overpass.
Rating
=
2.
This remote viewing series was
the first
to be conducted with
client volunteers.
It was
judged
in accordance with
the
detailed
concept
analysis
described earlier.
The final
tally revealed only one
correct
first place assignment,
and all
others
less
than
third.
The series was
therefore numerically nonsignificant,
according to our evaluation criteria.
In this
case
the
judging results agreed fairly well with our subjective
assessment,
because
of
the viewer’s frequent
inclusion of erroneous elements
along with strongly correct
ones
in
a
given trans cript /drawi ng package,
a
combination which
made
blind
judging difficult.
In our subjective assess-
ment we tended
to give
a
little more
credit
for
correct
elements,
and exact
a
smaller panalty for
the errors.
In engineering terms
this would be
a
good example
of
a signal-to-noise problem.
There were occasional
good
examples
of
signal,
but
it was generally overwhelmed by the
noise.
Our
sum of ratings was
16,
the
next
to the
lowest
of
the six.
.
Viewer
No.
292
Target
1:
SRI Courtyard
.
The
central
feature
of
this
large,
enclosed courtyard
is
a fountain in
a square
concrete
base.
The viewer
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described
a number
of
different architectual forms
including domes
and
columns,
which are
not particularly in evidence
at
the
target
site.
He
also described
a
small waterfall,
however, which is
in fact
at
the site,
in a form well
illustrated by one
of
his drawings.
In addition,
another
drawing
shows an eight-lobed
circular structure, which
closely resembles
the
inner portion
of
the
fountain.
Because
of
the many nonapplicable
elements
of
the description,
however, we gave
this
transcript
a rating
= 3.
Target
2:
Varsity Theatre Arcade
.
The target
is
the entry to
a motion picture theatre.
From the street
one sees
a
double
colonnade
running from the
street
to the
theatre entry.
To
the
left and right
are
stucco walls with movie posters
behind glass
,
and down the
center
is
a
row
of
striped umbrellas.
The viewer described
a
tunnel-like structure,
receding away from him,
masonry walls, with bright reflections;
and
he
drew and described
a kiosk structure with
a striped coolie-hat
top.
The
drawings were more
coherent than the transcript.
Our rating
=
5,
Target
3:
Glass
Slipper Motel
.
This
target
is
a motel
facade
on El Camino Real.
It
is
a representation of
a
fairy tale
castle.
The
viewer
didn't describe anything
like
the target,
although he
did give
a
detailed and coherent description of
a place
that
he visualized.
Our
rating
=
0.
Of
some
interest,
however,
is
the fact
that after taking
the
viewer
to the target
site,
and confirming that
it
did
not
particularly
match his description,
the interviewer suggested that
they have
lunch
at
a
new restaurant that
had
just opened up,
several miles
away.
One
of
the
consistent
items
in the viewer's transcript was
his reference
to big shade
trees,
an arbor
like effect,
and horizontal
yellow and orange bands
of
cloth,
supported on wires
to make
a horizontal awning.
The restaurant
we visited had all
these features.
Neither the viewer nor
the interviewer
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had ever seen this,
or
any similar place
before,
so
one
can speculate
that
the viewer may have experienced overlay from this
site.
Target
4:
Wallbangers Racquet
Ball
Court,
The viewer had two
main descriptive elements:
These were
a body of water with two or three
fountains
in
it,
and
a balcony,
looking
down on
a geometrical pattern of
some
sort.
The target building
is
situated
in relatively open country,
immediately adjacent
to
a pond with three
fountain spouts
in
it.
The
outbound team parked
in front
of
this
pond.
They then entered the building
and spent
their entire
time
on the balcony that
runs
the
length of the
building,
looking down at the racquet
ball
courts.
The viewer provided
a very coherent description of
the outbound team’s activities with regard
to their stay on this
balcony.
However,
he described
the scane
as
though
it were outdoors
looking at
the
fountain,
rather than being
a separate
place
indoors.
Rating
=
4.
Target
5i
Airport
Tower,
At
the Palo Alto Airport
there
ai
e
two towers.
The
target
team was
at
a
square stone tower,
fifty yards
from a taller,
thinner metal braced tower, which
is
not presently used.
The viewer made
a
careful sketch
of
a
tall metal tower with diagonal
bracing.
He called
it
a mast, with
a
plane
at
the bottom.
When the
interviewer asked him about
the plane,
the viewer
said
it was
a
jack
plane"
like
carpenters use
to finish woodwork.
(This
type of symbolism
there were airplanes
at
the base
of
the tower
is often seen
in remote
viewing transcripts.)
The viewer also drew and described
a globe and
clouds emblem
(FAA symbol)
on the
tower door, which was studied by the
target team at
the site.
Our rating
=
6,
the highest
of the thirty-six
trials
in this introductory orientation scries.
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Target
6:
SRI
Shielded Room
.
The viewer had
a repeating view
of an outdoor,
turning disk, which condensed
for him into
a drawing greatly
resembling
a merry-go-round at
a nearby park,
a well known target
described
in our published work.
Little of
this
description resembled the actual
target.
Our rating
=
0.
In spite
of two zero scores,
this viewer ties for third among
the six participants.
His
sum of
scores was
18, which may under-rate his
ability
(which
is
so highly variable)
to
do remote viewing;
we found his
descriptions
of
the small waterfall,
the Varsity Theatre entrance,
and the
a i r port
t owe r very comp c 1 1 i ng
,
3.
Viewer
No,
372
Target
1:
Stanford Art
Museum
.
The viewer described
a stone
building with
a higher
central
part,
and
two wings,
one on either
side.
He then drew the
building in
a careful pen and
ink sketch.
His drawing
strongly resembles
the target.
However,
there
are seven other,
less
carefully executed sketches
on the
same
page,
and on other pages
there
are
sketches
suggesting tombstones
, which
caused this transcript
to be
ranked first
place match to
a cemetery.
The transcript
itself had many
elements which pertained to items
in the museum entry,
including column
design.
The
judge gave this
a second place rank
out
of
six.
Our rating
assignment was
=
4.
Target
2:
Baylands Nature Preserve
.
For reasons
yet
to
be
determined,
this
is
the target which
in our seven years work
is
most
often
described excellently,
and in
a somewhat
characteristic manner.
The main
feature
at
this
botanical garden at
the
San Francisco Bay is
a wooden
walkway from the
shore
to an observation platform a quarter
of
a mile away
in the
salt marsh.
This walkway is crossed at right angles
by
a similar
one
that
follows
a
row of high-voltage transmission towers.
In recent
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memory,
every viewer who has
had this
target described
a
large
cross
on
the ground
.
n
This
viewer was no exception.
He also had
it
as
an outdoor
site with
no other buildings.
Rating
=
5.
Target
3:
Alta Mesa Memorial
Park Cemetery
.
The remote viewer
reported
a recurrent feeling of "rought-cut
stone.”
It
feels
like
a
church
but
it
is
not
a
church.
’
He made
a drawing
of
a
small arched
building which
is
at
the site.
’Very peaceful and relaxed,
he said.
A recurring theme was
some kind
of
stone overhang, which was
not
at
the
site,
and was
the
cause
of the
judge
to interchange this otherwise
coherent
transcript with the Art Museum.
Rating
=
4,
Target
4:
Jungle Gym ,
The viewer described
a
large
box with
curved edges,
made of wire-like
bent
coat
hangers.
He also had
a
metal
surface rippling and shining
in the
sun like
a
child’s
slide.
(A slide
was
next
to the
jungle gym target.)
He made
schematic drawings
of both
the
circular
jungle gym,
and the slide.
He went on to say that
the
target
is
more
like
a sculpture than
a building,
and
indeed
the playground
elements are
in the
form of metal
sculptures
(horse,
car,
etc.).
Rating
=
5.
Target
5:
Salt
Pile .
This
target
is
a
salt
refinery on the
San Francisco Bay.
Its prominent
feature
is
a gleaming white pile
of
salt
about
100 ft
high,
and 200 ft
long.
The viewer did
not
see
the
salt pile.
He described an outdoor site with
birds
and wind, which was
correct.
He
also saw
some machinery.
The
item that allowed the
judge
to correctly
match the transcript
to the target was
his
drawing
of
a
large,
orange,
pillow-shaped structure.
This was
easily matched
to
a
large rusted quonset
hut
at
the site.
He also spoke extensively of
a sharp pointed object
that
the outbound person was especially interested
in.
(In fact,
RT had picked
up
a very large
salt
crystal,
and brought
it
back
to SRI.)
Although we
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considered the
transcript
somewhat
nonspecific,
the
judge was able
to
match
it
correctly.
Rating
=
3.
Target
6:
Brickyard
.
There are initial descriptions
of square
objects,
and the first
drawing
looks
like
a
drawing of
a
brick.
The
transcript also had discussions
of being inside
a building,
and of views
of
towers,
which are
incorrect.
He
later sees
things
lined up that
look
like books
on
a shelf.
Again and again he
has
"very precise geometric
patterns,
’
as
"the
most
important aspect
of
the
place.”
The
drawing
package has
six pages
of
curved objects and
forms
that
do
not apply,
however.
Rating
=
3.
The sum of ratings
for this viewer
is
24,
the highest
in the
group.
The blind judging with transcript analysis resulted in correct
match to
the appropriate targets
for
four of
the six transcripts,
and an
interchange
of
the remaining
two.
This gives
four first places and two
second places
in
the
final
judging matrix.
Using
the exact
count-of-
permutations
analysis described above,
the probability of obtaining by
chance
a result equal
to
or better than the
one obtained
is
p
= 2/61
= 0.0027.
That
is,
the
odds
of obtaining
a result
of
this significance
by chance
is
approximately
in 300.
The viewer
f s
significant performance was repeated
in his
second
training period
at
SRI, when he
took part
in carefully controlled trials
which again produced highly significant
results.
4.
Viewer
No.
468
Target
1;
Merry-Go-Round
.
The target was
a
child's merry-go-
round
in
a playground sand pile.
About
ft away is
a
spiral
slide.
The
viewer’s main descriptions were
of
a
large multistory building in
a
court-
yard.
Inside
this building he
has
a "free-floating staircase that
is
kind
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of suspended.
It
turns
this way,
and then there
is
a
chute,"
a description
that resembled somewhat
the
spiral
slide.
However,
there was
nothing
in
the
drawings
or transcript
that pertained
to the merry-go-round,
so that
a
judge would not
be able
to identify
the target
from that
data.
We
therefore assigned
it
a
rating =0,
in spite
of
the suggestive correspon-
dences
to
a nearby feature.
Target
2:
Windmill.
This target
is
a white-vaned windmill
on
a
country road and has been well described by two previous viewers
in past
years.
This viewer
described curving stairs
(incorrect)
and
a
circular
building
like
a water tank
(correct).
Our assessment rating
=
3.
Target
3:
Stanford Art
Museum.
The
item
of
main interest
at
this
site
is
a
ft
cube sculpture standing
on
its
corner
in front
of
a
columned portico
of
a Greek-style building.
The viewer described
a
dark
rectangular solid sticking
out
of
the
front
of
the building,
and drew
a
careful
sketch
of pillars
that support
the
front
of
the
entry
just behind
the
cube.
His
transcript also had bridges,
office buildings
and cyclone
fencing, which do
not
appear at
the site.
Our rating
=
3,
based on the
two good drawings
of
the projecting rectangular solid and the
columns.
Target
4:
Methodist
Church
.
For this
target
he
described
a
building with
a "sloping roof with windows
set
into it."
He then drew
a
large sketch
of
a building with
a pointed roof
supported from the outside
by sloping roof
beams.
These features accurately represent
the main fea-
tures
of
the
large
stone
church that was
the
target.
The viewer also
correctly described
that
the
target team went inside
the building,
and
then
looked
out
through windows
toward the end
of
the trial.
Our rating
=
5.
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We should note that the viewer seemed quite tense
to the
inter-
viewer during the
first three trials.
On Thursday,
just
before trial
4,
his friend, who
is
our
contract
monitor, arrived at
SRI
to observe the
protocol,
and particularly the randomization procedure used in target
selection.
He also observed this
trial by joining the outbound target
team,
at which time we noticed
a dramatic change
in the
viewer's performance.
Target
5:
Four Seasons
Arch
.
"I get the feeling
of
their
walking through an opening in
a
low wall."
That
is
just what
a target
team does
at this
omega-shaped arch
in front
of
a restaurant.
The viewer
had several arch shapes,
together with
a
carefully drawn wall
comprising
300 degrees
of
a
circle,
and correctly labeled
as
being white
(although
lying on the ground, which
is
incorrect).
The transcript
is
all arches
and walls
for
the
first
four pages,
and then drifts
into buildings
and
wooden structures which are not
at the site.
Our rating
=
5.
Target
6:
Mount Alverno Conference Center .
This
target
consists
of
an assembly building with glass
doors, and an overhanging shallow
pitched roof which resembles
in many details the drawing made
by the
viewer.
He also correctly described the approach to the
site over
a
little bridge with hand rails.
He also said that
the building
is
locked,
so that the target team could
not
go inside
(correct).
Further he described
a bridge
"that
goes
nowhere,"
in striking agreement with
a stairway that
rises up
a hill,
and appears
to go nowhere,
since
all one sees
at
the top of
the stairway is
the
sky.
The viewer
did not describe
a
tall
stone
tower
surmounted by
a gold cross
next
to the assembly building, which
is
con-
sidered part
of
the target
site.
Our assessment
=
5,
because
of
the good
drawing of
the main building,
and an accurate description of the place
as
being "quite
like
a church but
not exactly
a
church itself.
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Sum of
ratings
= 21.
We note that
this viewer's ability
to
make
clear drawings
of
his mental
images
(he
is
a professional illustrator)
is
a great asset
both
to himself
in describing
his remote viewing experi-
ences, and
to those trying
to evaluate
his
descriptions.
.
Viewer
No,
518
Target
1:
Stanford Shopping Center
.
The
target
is
the
central
courtyard
of
the Stanford Shopping Center.
This
is
a great rotunda
surrounded by high arches and
is
paved with tiles
in
a circular pattern.
The pedestrian avenues
leading away from this hub have fountains
and
large
planters with flowers.
The viewer drew and described
a round fountain with
a
spray,
located
close
to
a rectangular box with something dark in it
(foliage perhaps).
This transcript
did
not
contain
a description
of
the
central
focus
of
the target,
although many elements
could
be found
in
the
nearby pedestrian avenues.
Rating
=
3.
Target
2:
Bowling Alley
.
The viewer described an outdoor
scene
with
a
large building with overhang
(correct) with many curves
and oaken
doors
(incorrect).
Inside he had
a
complex structure
like
a throne.
We
found
little resemblance
to the
target.
Rating
=
1.
Target
3:
Alta Mesa Cemetery
.
The viewer described and drew
several
small
buildings.
M A place
to walk and stroll.
A place
of
fun and
recreation.”
He
had
a recurring bicycle throughout
the
transcript which
could not
be matched.
Our rating =
1.
Target
4;
Hoover Tower
.
Hie viewer had the feeling that
lie was
’’abnormally high,”
He also saw
the semicircular ends
of
a dark tunnel
in
which
he was
standing.
The target
team was
on the observation deck of
Hoover Tower.
The
deck
is
surmounted with
a domed ceiling
(that
the viewer
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described)
and each of the
four sides
is
a
large
f loor-to-cci ling
arch,
making
the view outside much brighter than the
space inside the observation
deck.
The viewer
clearly had
the
idea
of
shade,
coolness,
arches,
and
height.
Our rating
=
4,
Target
5:
Swimming
Pool
Complex
,
The viewer described
?
'a two-
dimensional rectangle
that
is
not
a structure/’
in
a plaza surrounded
by walls.
His images
finally resolved into
a three-tiered fountain
of
lazy-susan construction.
At
the site
the target
team was standing between
a
large rectangular
pool and
a
circular wading pool
100
ft
across.
The
target
team members
discussed at
the site
the
fact
that
if
the viewer
described
the wading pool
as three concentric circles
in
a
plaza,
that
would probably indicate target acquisition.
(The
circular pool
has
three
depth graduations, each marked by
a dark circular band.)
The viewer's
final
drawing
is
of
three
nested
circles
in the middle
of
a plaza,
surrounded
by
a wall, with trellises and foliage on the sides
(correct).
However,
this very apropos drawing was preceded
by others
less descriptive
of
or
applicable
to
the
target.
Our rating
=
4.
Target
6:
Miniature Golf Course
.
The target team concentrated
their attention on
a red A-frame schoolhouse
on
a miniature golf
course.
The viewer several times
described teepee-shaped structures,
but
the main
portion
of
his
description pertained to
the
inside
of
a hall with much
confusion,
and a row of what
looked
like
display cases.
(Actually the
hall
contained rows
of pinball machines.)
Our rating
=
2,
The sum of ranks
for
this viewer was
15, which is
the
lowest
of
the
six participants.
However,
since
these trials
this viewer has returned
to
SRI
for an additional two weeks
of work.
During that
time
he appeared
to perform quite well
on
the remote viewing
of
slides, hidden objects,
and
distant
coordinates.
These additional trials
are
discussed
later.
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.
Viewer
No,
690
Target
1:
Alta Mesa Cemetery
.
The viewer,
on this
first
trial,
had
a very diffuse transcript;
mainly outdoors,
grass,
reeds,
and trees,
in
a
natural,
not man-made environment.
The viewer had
low cliffs nearby.
The drawings were relatively nonspecific.
Because
of
the outdoor
natural-
istic description,
the rating =
2.
Target
2:
Four
Seasons
Restaurant Arch
,
The target
is
a large
white
omega- shaped stone arch
set
into
a wall
in front
of
a restaurant
,
The subject
described
"a white
dome supported
by pillars,'
and also
a
fence.
Throughout
the brief
two-page transcript there was only the
"gazebo"
like structure
that
you
can see through,
and
the
fence.
Rating
=
4.
Target
3:
Sheilded Room .
The
target
is
a small rectangular
screen-room,
about
4 by
8 by
ft
high.
The principle feeling of
this
target
is
one
of
confinement.
The viewer said,
"he
seems
inside
a square
something,
looking out
through
a square.
It's
dark
inside.
It
is
not
terribly high,
ft
maybe."
The drawing shows
a rectangular structure
marked
"6
ft wide."
The screen-room
is
as
close
as we
can get
to sending
an outbound team "nowhere."
Our assessment
of
the viewer’s
description
=
5.
Target
4;
Automobile Showroom .
The
target
is
a hexagonal glass
building with
a
conical
roof.
The viewer’s
first impression was
of
"a
glass
bottle with
a thin neck."
"I keep getting
the impression of glass,
lots
of
glass
objects."
"It
is
some kind
of store."
The
subject
felt
"bad vibes"
from the place;
it seemed threatening.
It
turned out
that
HP,
the outbound person, was
sent
to an automobile showroom and was
pretending
to be interested
in
a new
car, attracting the salesmen in the
showroom.
He
came back reporting
that
it was
one
of
the
most unpleasant outbound
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experiences
he has
had.
The drawings were diffuse,
but because
of
the
essentially correct,
though exaggerated emotional perceptions,
it received
a rating
=
4.
Target
5:
Palo Alto Library .
The outbound team stood between
the shelves
in the library stacks.
The viewer
did
not
describe anything
about
the
library,
and the rating
=
0.
There was
an interesting
facet
in connection with this
trial
,
however.
The viewer described
a cornfield with rows
of
corn ready for
picking,
etc.
When we heard the tape
for
this
trial we
could think
of
no such place
in the
city of
Palo Alto.
But
in accordance with our usual
protocol, we took
the viewer back
to the
target
site.
As we were parking
the
car
in the
same
spot
as we had initially,
the viewer
looked out
the
left window of
the
car and exclaimed,
"that’s
my corn field.”
Immediately
adjacent
to
the public
library,
there
is
a
community garden,
which this
year
is
devoted entirely to
corn.
So,
one
may speculate that
the viewer
accessed
this adjacent area while attempting
to describe where the beacon
was
located.
Target
6;
Methodist
Church.
All
the
images
in this
transcript
pertain to
a
one story building with "an inverted V roof.”
The main
feature
of the
target
is
just
such
a roof.
The viewer also correctly
identified the target
as being
a building
in downtown Palo Alto.
Since
there were
no identifying characteristics
given,
our rating
=
4.
The sum ratings
for the six trials
is
19,
which
is
the third
highest
in the group.
One
of
the main features
that
contribute
to
this
viewer’s relatively high rating
is
that these transcripts
are relatively
free
of incorrect material;
the viewer
does
not have
a
lot
to
say,
but
what
is
said
is
largely correct.
We
consider this
to
be
a very desirable
characteristic
.
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The formal
judging for
this
series
correlated well with our
subjective assessments.
The separate verbal
and pictorial ratings each
gave four
first place matches
out
of
six, and the combined averages gave
five first
place matches.
All
three matrices
turn out
to possess the
highest assignable score
out
of all possible permutations
in the direct-
count-of permutations
method,
and
the probability of obtaining such
a result
by chance
is
only
p
=
1/61
= 0,0013.
c.
Comparison
of
Blind
Judging and Subjective Assessment
We have
described in some
detail
how
a
judge arrives
at
a numerical
ranking of
the trials
in
a formal evaluation of
a series,
by use
of
concept
analysis
of the transcripts.
In order
to arrive quickly at
a trial-by-trial assessment, we occa-
sionally make use also
of
a simple post
hoc rating technique
of
a
type
devised
by the
client.
In this approach one rates
as
"perfect'
(e.g.,
7 on
a
0-7
scale)
a transcript
in which the target
is unequivocally
identified.
If there
is
no apparent relationship between the transcript
and the intended target
on the other hand,
the transcript
is rated
0.
For intermediate results,
an intermediate rating
is assigned,
as
indicated
in Table
.
In the
four
series
that have been formally judged
at
SRI,
two were
found to differ significantly from chance expectation,
and two were found
to
be at
chance.
Before this formal
judging,
all
transcripts were numeri-
cally rated using the
0-7 scale,
in the presence
of the contract
monitor.
We are now in
a position to compare mathematically our subjective
impres-
sions
of
the transcripts
(post
hoc evaluation scale) with the
formal ratings
of
the
same transcripts
by
a
blind
judge.
Since the
judge
rates
transcripts
on
a
to
(best
to worst)
scale,
and the
subjective rating
is
on
a
0 to
(worst
to best)
scale,
to make
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Tabic
0-7
POINT EVALUATION SCALE FOR TARGET/TRANS CRI FF CORRESPONDENCE
= Excellent
correspondence,
including good analytical
detail
(e.g.,
naming
the
site
by name).
= Good correspondence with good analytical information
(e.g.,
naming
the function),
and with essentially no incorrect
information.
5*= Good correspondence with unambiguous unique matchable elements
and
little incorrect
information.
= Good
correspondence with several
matchable elements,
but
some
incorrect
information.
= Mixture
of
correct and incorrect elements,
but
enough
of
the former
to indicate viewer has
made
contact with the
site.
= Some
correct elements,
but
not sufficient
to suggest
results
beyond
chance expectation.
= Little
correspondence.
= No correspondence
.
*In blind
judging transcripts rated
or above
are typically first-place
matched without
difficulty.
a
comparison
it
is
necessary to normalize
the two scales
.
Since
(with the
exception
of one entry)
our highest
subjective
ratings were fives, we have
done
this
by subtracting the subjective rating from six
in every
case,
giving
a range
1-6,
best
to worst
match,
which
can be compared directly to
the objective formal evaluation scale.
(In the
one
case where
a
6 was
given in the
0-7 scale, we conservatively count
it
as
a
so
that
it would
fit
this renormalizing scheme.)
We have numerically calculated the correlation coefficient between these
two sets
of
ratings
for
the twenty-four transcripts/target
pairs
so far
evaluated by both procedures.
For
the 24 pairs,
the
correlation coefficient,
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r
= 0.68
(see following graph).
The numerical probability of this
corre-
lation this high or higher occurring by chance between "uncorrelated"
data over the same
range
of values
,
is
less than one
in ten thousand
(p
=
5 X
)
.
This
important result
shows
that the rating technique used extensively
by the
client organization to evaluate transcripts
and viewer performance
is very well
correlated with objective blind matching normally used in
psychology to evaluate
free response data.
COMPARISON OF BLIND JUDGING AND SUBJECTIVE ASSESSMENTS
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The
data are given below:
Viewer
No,
155
Target
Normalized
Blind
Subjective
Judging
Rating
Valombrosa
Logo
Museum
Plaza
Fire
Circle
Overpass
Viewer
No,
292
Blind
Target
Judging
Motel
Wall bangers
Courtyard
Shielded Room
Airport
Theatre
Viewer
No.
372
Blind
Target
Judging
Museum
Bay lands
Cemetery
Jungle Gym
Salt
Pile
Brickyard
Normalized
Subjective
Rating
Normalized
Subjective
Rating
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Viewer
No.
690
Target
Blind
Judging
Normalized
Subjective
Rating
Arch
Shielded Room
Cemetery
Library
Auto Showroom
Church
D
.
Remote Viewing of 35mm Slides
The purpose
of
this
series
of trials was
to determine whether
a
remote
viewer
could describe
the
contents
of
a 35mm slide
of
a
target
site with
the
same accuracy as
he describes an actual
target
site.
The
protocol was
as
follows.
The remote viewer was
located alone
in
the third floor laboratory
of
the
Radio Physics
Building,
and asked
to
describe
the
contents
of
slides projected within an office trailer
in
a
parking
lot
300
ft away.
The
target
slides
for
these trials were photo-
graphs
of
the
60 San Francisco Bay Area
sites used
in our ordinary remote
viewing trials.
The use
of
this
particular target
pool allows
us
to
compare
the
quality of
the descriptions
that are elicited in trials with
the slides
as
compared with those
involving
the
actual outdoor
targets,
A trial
series
consists
of
six slides,
and the viewer
is
given feedback
after each
individual
trial,
before
the start
of
the
next.
(This
is
done
to avoid
displacement,
known to occur
in para psychologi cal experiments
where trial-by-trial-feedback
is
not provided,
in which
a viewer
might
tend
to describe
a target slide from elsewhere
in the series,
rather
than the
one
just
projected.)
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The
viewer
is
monitored
via
a one-way open intercom connected
to the
room in the trailer
in which the slide
is
being
shown to
the series
*
monitor.
The session
is
tape
recorded
at
the
latter end
of
the
link.
To begin,
the
monitor selected by random number generator,
a slide after
the viewer announces
that
he
is
ready.
No feedback
is
provided
to the
viewer until
the viewer has
indicated
that
he
is finished and
the monitor
has
gone
to
the room in which
the viewer has
been working and
collects
his
drawings,
A session typically lasts about
fifteen minutes,
*
Viewer
No,
372
Tlie
first
series
of
six trials was
carried
out
by Viewer 372
during his
second two-week period
at
SRI.
The
six target
slides were
of
the following
targets:
(1)
Alta
Mesa Cemetery
(2)
Ultra-modern Dome
House
(3)
Pedestrian Overpass
(4)
Mount Alverno Conference Center
(5)
Redwood City Cross
(6)
Stanford Shopping Center Pavillion.
Our subjective post hoc impression was
that
four
of
the six descriptions
were good matches
to the
target slides.
The results were formally evaluated by
a blind
judge using the
concept analysis
techniques
being applied
to the outdoor target
series.
As
per standard procedure the transcript /drawing response packages and
target
material
(slides) were turned over
to
the
judge,
each
in
a separate
random order different from the order of
target usage.
Again,
the
transcript
A second intercom
to
the subject
can be activated by the monitor
by
a
punch-to-talk switch in the trailer.
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were edited only to
the
point
of deleting information which
could provide
artifactual
cues
to the
judge,
such
as references
to other targets
or
temporal order.
(Only five
of
the target/transcript pairs were submitted
for
judging,
since
the
judge had been exposed
to one
of
the results
[target
4] presented
at
a briefing
as
an example
of excellent slide
viewing
.
)
The
judge was asked
to blind rank order,
on
a
scale
to
5,
best
to worst
match,
each
of the
transcripts againsg each
of
the
targets,
generating a
5 X
5 matrix
of
the
five target/transcript pairings,
three
were directly matched,
one was matched second place,
one third.
The
direct -count -of-permutations analysis
of
the
matrix yielded
a result
sig-
nificant
at
p
= 2/120
= 0,017,
Three
of
the drawings and slide targets
for
this viewer arc
shown here as Figures
through
3.
We
conclude from these results that
viewers
can describe
target slides,
and from the
content
of
the
transcript
it appears
that they are describing
the slides
as projected,
not
the
overall
target
location.
,
Viewer
No,
518
A similar series
of
six trials was
conducted with Viewer
518.
His
six target
slides were:
(1)
Laundromat
interior
(2)
Varsity Theatre arcade
(3)
White Victorian house
(4)
Sylvania
dome building
(5)
Glass
Slipper Motel
(6)
A locomotive
slide
in
a playground.
The viewer made what we
consider
to be three excellent
sets
of
drawings
to correspond with the Victorian,
the Motel,
and the Theatre
targets.
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UNCLASSIFIED
FIGURE
STANFORD SHOPPING CENTER—TARGET, AND VIEWER
372 DRAWING
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FIGURE
MOUNT ALVERNO CONFERENCE CENTER, AND VIEWER 372 DRAWING
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These three drawing/target pairs are shown here
in Figures
4 through
6.
The correspondences
for the remaining three were
of
lesser quality
,
although still
containing many correct elements.
Our final evaluation
will have
to await formal
judging.
We note
in passing that this viewer
produced more
coherent transcripts and drawings
in this series
than he
did for the outdoor targets
.
It appears
from the
data thus
far that
remote viewers
can per-
ceive
the
contents
of projected slides.
Furthermore,
they appear
to
describe the slides
themselves,
rather than the geographical
locations
corresponding to the slides.
Finally,
it appears
that because
of
the more
limited focus
of
content presented by the slide,
a viewer
has an easier
time providing data that
is associated with what
is
defined
to
be
the
target
.
E
.
Remote Viewing
of Alphabet
Letters
The purpose
of
this
study was
to determine whether an isolated remote
viewer could
learn
to discriminate between and identify alphabet
letters.
The percipient,
Viewer
372, was
located
in the
third floor
laboratory
of
the Radio Physics Building at
SRI, while
the experimenters
and the target
materials were
in an office trailer
in
a nearby parking
lot
(as
in
the
slide series).
The protocol
in all twelve trials
in this
series was for the viewer
to identify
a randomly chosen three-letter word exposed to view
in the
target
room.
The targets used in this series were red block
letters
eight
inches high,
cemented to white
cardboard.
The three
letters making
up each word were placed on the chalk tray of
the target
room blackboard
Twelve trials were carried out.
A satisfactory protocol was
developed
only by the third trial,
so the first
two must
be considered exploratory.
In trial
1,
the target word was randomly chosen from
a group
of ten
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FIGURE
VARSITY THEATRE ARCADE—TARGET, AND VIEWER 518 DRAWING
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UNCLASSIFIED
FIGURE
GLASS SLIPPER MOTEL—TARGET, AND VIEWER
518 DRAWING
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sccncT
previously prepared words
placed
in opaque envelopes.
In all other trials
the target word was
chosen by random entry into
a
1700 page
college
dictionary
(selecting
the
first
three-letter word on the page)
using
a
Texas
Instruments
SR-51 random number generator.
In trials
and
2,
the
viewer was given feedback after each
letter.
In both
of
these trials
he
failed
to name the first
letter,
but after being told the first
letter
G for GUN and
V
for
VAT,
he was able to confidently and correctly name
the following two
letters
in quick succession.
In trials
3 through
feedback was given only after all three
letters were
named,
to counter-
measure analysis
strategies.
The
letters were displayed one
at
a time,
and the viewer would give
his
impressions
of each
in turn.
After each description,
that
letter
would
be removed,
and the
viewer would
be informed that
the next
letter
was
in place.
Except
for trial
5,
the
letters were always
presented in
their order
of occurrence
in the word,
(In trial
it
had been decided
in advance
to display the
letters
in random order,
to discourage end-word
guessing.
This
turned out
to
be unsatisfactory,
however,
apparently
producing
confusion
for
the viewer, who named all three
letters
correctly,
but
had them in
the wrong order.
He then couldn’t
think of
a word,
and
changed two of
the
letters
.
)
Of
the nine 3-letter words
presented in
a
consistent
manner
(3,
4,
6-12),
the viewer was
correct
in
6 of his
letter assignments
(i.e.,
of
the
letters presented,
6 were identified,
a significant
departure from
chance expectation.
F.
Extended Remote Viewing
(ERV)
1.
Background
One
of
the program remote viewers
(518)
stated that over the
past
few years
he had on occasion experienced spontaneous
extended remote
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viewing
(ERV),
usually associated with rest
or sleep periods.
Subjectively,
these ERV experiences appeared to
be
of unusual
intensity and
clarity;
however,
the situation and/or content
of these experiences
did not
lend
themselves to independent objective verification.
Therefore,
Remote
Viewer
518 requested that
some time be devoted
to investigating
the
phenomenon,
with
the
goal
of determining whether
the
content
of
such ERV
experiences was verifiable and,
further,
of superior quality
to that
obtained
in the ordinary RV protocol.
,
Pilot
Effort
An initial single-trial
pilot effort
during Remote Viewer
518' s
first
stay at
SRI.
some evidence that
information obtained
in the
Therefore
,
it was
decided that upon his return
would
be undertaken.
in ERV was
carried
out
In this trial there was
ERV state was veridical,
a formal
series
of trials
.
Formal
Scries
(Six Trials)
The
formal
series
of trials
consisted
of
six targeting periods
of approximately three hours
each.
During each
of these trials
the remote
viewer was
closeted in a third-floor laboratory of the Radio Physics
Laboratory in the
SRI
complex and asked
to render drawings and describe
into
a tape recorder his impressions
of
a target object.
Each session
was
terminated either
by the monitor who indicated that
the
(approximate
three-hour period was up,
or
by the
remote viewer himself
at
a
somewhat
earlier time.
The remote viewer was
then taken to the
target
location
for feedback,
ERV
(extended remote viewing)
is here defined
as
an exercise in remote
viewing
for an extended period
of
time,
generally lasting for more than
an hour.
Furthermore,
an effort
is
made
to maximize
the subjective
sense
of awareness
of
the target site while minimizing the subjective sense
of
awareness
of
the remote viewer's physical surroundings.
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For
the
first
four trials
the targets were chosen by the SSO
of an SRI SI/SAO facility,
and placed on display on
a
conference room
table
in that
facility.
(The
SSO is
not otherwise associated with the
SRI psychoenergctics
program.)
For
the
first
trial
the remote viewer was
asked
to describe
the facility as well as
the target
object;
for the
remaining three
trials
just
the target
object.
Before
the
fifth trial,
it was
decided by the remote viewer and
monitor
that
the target
location for the remaining two trials
should
be
changed
so
as
to avoid analytical overlay problems associated with target-
site familiarity.
The
site
chosen by the monitor was
the roof
of
the
Radio Physics Laboratory building,
directly above the
ceiling
of
the room
in which
the remote viewer was
located.
a
.
Trial One
The target
object
for Trial One was
a copper ewer
(pitcher)
placed on
a
dark brown wood-grained table
(see Figure
7).
The remote
viewer sketched an object which evolved into
a table-lamp base,
finally
topped
by
a
lampshade.
The description of
the facility rendered by the remote viewer
had many matching elements,
especially
if
one
considers
that
the
remote
viewer combined the
two primary rooms
into one;
because
of this,
however,
the description
is
ambigious and
can't
be taken as evidential.
b.
Trial Two
The target object
for Trial Two was
a metal
food mill with
red handle shown in Figure
8.
In response
the remote viewer sketched
a
silver-grey object with
a handle
on
it
that
looked first
like
a fireplace
scoop
(most
correct),
and then evolved
into
a bellows.
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