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UNCLASSIFIED
of
.12 null trials—no
flashes following the tone—12
trials of
flashes
at
fps and 12 trials of flashes at 16
fps,
all randomly intermixed,
determined by entries from a
table of random numbers.
Each of
the trials
generated an
11 second EEC epoch.
The last
4 seconds of
the epoch was
selected for analysis
to minimise
the desynchronising action of
the warning
cue.
This
4 second segment was subjected
to Fourier analysis on a LINC
computer.
Spectrum analyses
gave no evidence of EEG driving
in any
receiver,
although
in control runs
the receivers
did exhibit driving
when physically stimulated with
the
flashes.
Data from seven sets
of
trials
each were collected
from
the subject on three separate days.
This comprises all
the data collected
with this
subject .under
the
test conditions described above.
The~ alpha
band was
identified
from average spectra,
then scores
of average power
and peak power were obtained
from individual
trials
and subjected
to
statistical analysis.
Figure
shows an overlay of
the
three averaged spectra from
the subject
s
36-trial runs,
displaying differences
in alpha
activity for
the
three stimulus
conditions.
Mean values
for
the average 'power and peak power for each of
the seven experimental
sets are given in Table
20.
The power measures
were less
in
the
fps
case
than
in the
0 fps
in all seven peak-power
measures
and
in six out
of seven average-power measures.
Note also
the
reduced effect
in
the case
in which
the subject was
informed
that no sender
was
present
(Run
3)
.
It
seems
that overall alpha production was
reduced
for
this
run
in conjunction with
the subject's expressed appre-
hension about conducting
the experiment without
a sender.
This
is
in
contrast
to
the case
(Run
7)
in which
the subject was not
informed.
Siegel's
two-tailed
t
approximation
to
the nonparametric
randomization
test
was applied
to
the data from all
sets, which in-
cluded
the
two sessions
in which
the sender was
removed.
Average power
on trials associated with
the occurrence
of
fps was significantly less
(
24%)
than when there were no flashes
(t
=
2.09,
d.f.
=
118,
P
<
0.04).
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VOLTAGE
—
arbitrary
units
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UNCLASSIFIED
5 Hz
Hz
Hz
THREE CASES —
0,
6 and
Hz
flashes
(12
trial
averages)
"
SA-2613-15
FIGURE
OCCIPITAL EEG FREQUENCY SPECTRA, 0 TO
Hz, OF SUBJECT S4
ACTING AS RECEIVER, SHOWING AMPLITUDE CHANGES
IN THE
9 TO
11-Hz BAND AS A FUNCTION OF STROBE FREQUENCY
100
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EEG
Data
for
Subject
S4
Showing
Average
Power
and
Peak
Power
in
the
9—
to
11-Hz
Band,
as
a
Function
of
Flash
Frequency
and
Sender.
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UNCLASSIFIED
•H
S-iH
l-i
QJ
>O
<U
t>0
(0
<3
§
4-1
sw
03H
A0
01W
101
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Approved For Release 2006/11/29
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UNCLASSIFIED
The second measure,
peak power, was also significantly less
(-28
)
fps conditions
than In the null condition
<t - 2.16,
d.f
.
-
,
P
<
03)
.
The average response
In the
6 fps condition was
in the same
direction as
that associated with 16
fps
(-122.
In average power,
-212
in peak power)
but
the effect did not reach statistical significance
As part of the experimental protocol,
the subject was
as
e
to indicate a conscious assessment
for each trial
(via telegraph key)
as
to the nature of
the stimulus:
analysis showed these guesses
to
at chance.
Thus,
arousal
as evidenced by significant alpha blocking
occurred
only
at the noncognitive level of physiological response.
Hence,
the experiment provided direct physiological
(EEC)
evidence
o
perception of remote stimuli even
in the absence of overt cognitive
response.
.
.
Several control procedures were undertaken
to determine
i
these results were produced by system artifacts
or by subtle cuel
g
the subject.
Low-level recording, were made from saline of
12 kfi resis-
tance
in place
of
the subject, with and without
the introduction of
0-Hs,
50-pV signals from a battery-operated generator.
The standard experi-
mental protocol was adhered
to and spectral analysis of
the resets
was
carried out.
There was no evidence in the spectra of activity
associated with the flash fluencies,
and the 10-Hz signal was not
perturbed by the remote occurrence flicker.
In another control prodecure,
a 5-ft pair
Of
leads was
rape
across
the subject's
chair
(subject absent).
The
leads »«e connected
to
a Grass P-5 amplifier via its high-impedance input probe.
The bandwidth
was
set
0.1 Hs
to
30 KHz with
a minimum gain of
200,000.
^output
^
of
the amplifier was connected
to one input
of
a C.A.T.
4000
averager.
j
coi-
nf
the
tone, were taken once every
Two-second sweeps,
triggered
at onset
of
the
13 seconds
for approximately two hours,
for about
550 samples.
o
difference
in noise level between the fore period and the onset
o
flicker was observed.
Finally, no sounds associated with flicker could be detected
in
the receiver's
chamber.
Three further experimental runs were carried out in the sleep
lab under
the direction of
Dr.
Lukas
this
time with monitoring of
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UNCLASSIFIED
right and
left occipital regions.
Each experiment consisted
of
15-second trials, with
10 no-flash trials,
and
10 16-Hz
trials randomly
intermixed.
Reduction of alpha activity
(arousal response)
correlated
with remote stimuli was observed
as
in previous
experiments,
but essen-
tially only
in
the right hemisphere
(average alpha reduction 16%
in
right hemisphere,
in left,
during the 16-Hz
trials
as
compared with
the no-flash trials).
This
tends
to support
the hypothesis
that para-
normal
functioning might
involve right hemispheric specialization,
but
the sample
is
too
small
to provide confirmation without
further work.
In comparing the results
of our work with
that of others, we
note that whereas
in our experiments we used
a remote
light
flash as
a
stimulus,
Tart
in his work used an electrical shock
to himself
as
sender,
and Lloyd 19 simply told the sender
to think of
a red triangle each time
a red warning light was
illuminated within his view.
Lloyd observed
a
consistent,
evoked potential
in his
subjects:
whereas
in our experi-
ments
and
in Tart's,
a reduction
in amplitude and
a desynchronization of
alpha was observed,
an arousal
response.
(If
a subject
is resting
in
an alpha-dominant condition and he
is
then stimulated,
for example
in
any direct manner,
one will observe
a 'decrease and desynchronization
in alpha power.)
We consider
that
these combined results
thus provide
evidence for
the existence of noncognitive awareness
of
a remote
stimulus,
and
the EEG procedures described appear
to be sensitive
techniques
for detecting the occurrence
of
such information transfer,
even
in
the absence
of overt cognitive response,
at least when used
to
detect discrete arousing stimuli.
2.
Mid-Experiment Monitoring
of Physiological Parameters During
Routine Experimentation in Remote Viewing
In
this
series
of experiments measurements were obtained during
a random selection of seven remote viewing experiments.
The subject was
connected
to
the physiological recording instruments of
the smaller,
semiportable four-channel polygraph described
above.
Baseline and
experimental measures
of
the following observables were made.
103
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