y Monday February 3, 1992 Published by emn00/08/09 : CIA-RDP96-00792R0006 0002-5 / Daily or AP Soviet News Abstracts Publication FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY CENTER Author: Chupakhin, V., Captain Ist Rank, correspondent Title: SHAPOSHNIKOV URGES GRADUALISM IN STRUCTURING COMMONWEALTH'S ARMED FORCES Primary Source: Krasnaya zvezda, January 7, 1992, No. 5 (20692), p. 1, cols. 1-3; p. 3, cols. 1-3 Extract: Following the Minsk meeting of heads of sovereign states,* many questions connected with the fate of the armed forces remain open. What position the heads of the Armed Forces of the Commonwealth of Independent States are taking in these cir- cumstances and how they appraise the situa- tion that is developing around the army and inside it were topics of conversation at a meeting which took place recently between journalists and Marshal of Aviation Ye. Shaposhnikov, commander-in-chief of the commonwealth armed forces. The commander-in-chief said that haste and a lack of mutual understanding in re- solving highly important and complex ques- tions have been noticed on the part of the heads of a number of states, particularly Ukraine. At the present time, the Ukrainian leadership understands the term “strategic forces" to mean only strategic nuclear forces, not taking into account that stra- tegic forces must include everything which ensures the strategic stability of both strategic forces and the armed forces as a whole, noted Marshal Shaposhnikov. The commander-in-chief thought that. the posi- tion of Ukraine was not entirely in keeping with the Minsk accords in this regard. [Sovereign states] have the right to create armies of their own. But at the same time, one sometimes gets the impres- sion that not all of their leaders have a complete idea of the problems which they will encounter in this connection, the mar- shal noted. He cited the following example as an illustration. Ukraine has expressed claims to air forces on its own territory. But at the same time, it does not have a single airplane building plant for military equip- ment. In three months, or half a year at the most, airplanes simply will not be able to fly; there will be no engines, spare ‘parts, components, units or even wheels. Whether Russia will supply them and in what order has not been decided, and a suitable mechanism has not been perfected. The mar- shal asked whether it wouldn't be better to take precisely these problems as a starting point and not immediately demolish what we now have, For a whole set of questions connected with reorganization of the armed forces to be solved in logical order during the peri- od of transition, a period of two to three years is necessary, in the opinion of the commander-in-chief. He thought that it would be quite possible, during this tran- sitional period, for the armed forces to be structured so that both national armed forces and general-purpose armed forces un- der a united command could be on the terri- tory of a single state such as Ukraine, Ka- zakhstan, Uzbekistan, Moldova or Azerbay- dzhan. A precedent for such organization exists in NATO. Financing of the armed forces is stil] another sore and complex question. The commander-in-chief said that several ver- sions have now been proposed for taking ac- count of the share of each participating country of the commonwealth in the expenses of these armed forces. He thought that a certain consensus on this question had been achieved at the latest meeting of heads of governments in Moscow. "We now insist that these questions be resolved for the first quarter of the year during the first ten days of January," stated the commander-in- chief. "An agreed-upon quota will be set for each state," But how will the administrative struc- Approved For Release 2000/08/09 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000600500002-5
Fad Approved For Release 2000/08/09 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000600500002-5 ¥ tures of the armed forces change? There is no longer a USSR Ministry of Defense (Min- oborony). What will take its place? The former Minoborony is now the Main Command of the Armed Forces of the Commonwealth of Independent States, explained Ye. Shaposh- nikov. As for future prospects, this pre- cisely is one of the questions on which work must be done in the course of two months allotted by the participants of the meeting in Minsk. The heads of the common- wealth's countries are to decide what the administrative structure of its armed forc- es will be like, “See also the Daily SNAP, January 21, 1991, p. 1, col. 2 (SNAP 920203) * * * * Author: Vladykin, 0., correspondent, Lieu- tenant-Colonel (interviewer) Title: SPECIALIST'S ADVICE ON MILITARY PREPAREDNESS IN COMMONWEALTH Primary Source: Krasnaya Zvezda, January 17, 1992, No. 13 (20700), p. 3, cols. 4-8 Abstract: The article is an interview with General-Lieutenant Nikolay Pavlovich Kloko- tov, head of the chair of strategy at the Military Academy of the General Staff, re- garding the geostrategic situation of the member~states of the former Soviet Union. Klokotov contends that since the breakup of the USSR, the military threat to these states has not changed substantially, on the whole, because sources of war will always exist objectively on the earth. Conflict situations will continue to arise which cannot be resolved without the use of weapons. The Commonwealth of Independent States has inherited western, southern and eastern theaters of war from the USSR, and the military use of airspace and outer Space is still possible in the northern sector as well. Present conditions make it unnecessary to single out any one state or group of states as a probable adversary in any of these sectors. At the same time, the commonwealth should be aware that change can occur abruptly in a particular region, have a good idea of the kind of military groupings that may be encountered in any theater of war and be ready to op- 2 pose these forces. Klokotov suggests that the notion “probable adversary" be replaced by a new concept, “potential adversary, " which would apply not to the particular army of a real country but to a kind of collective profile. This profile would characterize the armed forces of states which are the most highly developed from the military standpoint. Klokotov thinks that the commonwealth needs unified armed forces to discourage neighboring states (particularly Islamic ones) from laying claim to territories of former Soviet republics in Transcaucasia and Central Asia. There jis not a single kilometer of the commonwealth's southern frontiers which could not be disputed, he points out. The military potential of a number of Asian countries is increasing, and some of these states are close to de- veloping nuclear weapons of their own. In these conditions, a breakup of the Union armed forces could radically alter the sit- uation in the commonwealth's southern re- gions and increase the nuclear threat, in particular. Although the member-states of the commonwealth have agreed to preserve a unified command of strategic forces, cer- tain questions have not been resolved to Klokotov's Satisfaction, particularly the question of who is to make the political decision to use nuclear weapons and bear responsibility for this decision. Under the former system, the heads of the USSR government could make such a decision very quickly, he explains. The same operation now requires the consent of several heads of state in the capitals of sovereign states, and there is no guarantee that such agreement will be reached at the critical moment. Klokotov contends that the common- wealth's security depends on preserving a unified strategic space for a long period of time and creating a collective system of defense within this space. He favors a system of dual jurisdiction whereby the armed forces of individual republics could if necessary be placed under a unified com- mand, and tasks of military development, financing and strategic planning would be carried out in a centralized manner. Under this system, the commonwealth's chief mili- tary command would be under the jurisdic- tion and supervision of the commonwealth's Approved For Release 2000/08/09 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000600500002-5
Approved For Release 2000/08/09 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000600500002-5 ¥ council of presidents, which would jointly make all fundamental the armed forces. (SNAP 920203) decisions in regard to * * * * Author: Ivanyuk, I., Major, correspondent Title: EX-SERVICEMEN DEVELOP SPECIAL CON- STRUCTION MATERIALS AND TECHNOLOGY Primary Source: Krasnaya Zvezda, January li, 1992, No. 8-9 (20695-20696), p. 3, cols. 1-8 Abstract: The article reports on activi- ties of the Construction Research and De- sign Association (Proyektstroynauka), which is utilizing experience with construction of military and space installations. "Pro- yektstroynauka" is characterized as a high- potential organization which is launching production on the basis of its own scien- tific developments. This association, which has an annual turnover of millions of rubles, takes in several joint-stock compa- nies and small enterprises. A conversation is recorded with Colo- nel of the Reserves Dmitriy Arkadyevich Frumin, a former military construction spe- cialist and now head of the "Proyektstroy- nauka" assocfation. Frumin and colonels of the reserves V. Kostin, A. Sytnik and N. Marichev are among a number of engineers who acquired unique experience in construc- tion of fortifications, missile silos and structures of space-launch complexes while serving in the armed forces, the author relates. For example, concrete capable of withstanding a direct hit by a missile with a nuclear warhead was developed, using high-quality cement and scarce superplasti- cizers. Frumin recalled that while carry- ing out a contract assignment at Kapustin Yar in 1962, he and his associates achieved waterproofness of concrete which was two to three times as high as usual. Experience of former military specialists reportedly has been utilized in building underground structures for civil defense and watertight structures for underground services, in particular. A new process which makes sealing of joints unnecessary, permanent forms which function simultaneously as fac- ing and wet sealing, concrete ten times as waterproof as conventional concrete, and 3 - tlally of excitation, other materials with special properties have been developed in this connection. Frumin showed the author of the arti- cle slabs of Siligran, a concrete which is not only comparatively inexpensive but said to be capable of withstanding stresses as great as those for which missile silos are designed. Siligran is considered a possi- ble safe substitute for asbestos cement whose use is forbidden in many countries. Other potentially profitable developments of "Proyektstroynauka" include unique pro- cesses for producing building materials, and equipment for these processes. The association reportedly has concluded 20 agreements for creation of joint enter- prises and facilities, including a Soviet- Bulgarian enterprise, for production of finished products. (SNAP 920203) * * * * Author: Tsarev, I. Title: REPORTS OF BIOELECTRONIC-WEAPONS TESTING IN 1970s AND 1980s Primary Source: Tru , December 27, 1991, No. 298 (21522), p. 4, cols. 1-2 Extract: Long ago, Gennadiy Petrovich Shchelkunov, a spectalist in the field of radioelectronics and an employee of the scientific production association "Istok," calculated and substantiated an effect of long-distance communication without the aid of equipment. This effect consists essen- in cerebral fluid, of acoustic vibrations which reach auditory nerves. These vibrations are excited by pulsed microwave radiation. Shchel kunov did not attempt to carry out his discovery in practice, but he considers it quite fea- sible from the technical standpoint. In a scrapbook which I leafed through, there was a short Clipping which read: " ' Ivan Sergeyevich Kachalin, and (the name of another inventor followed) made a discov- ery, 'A Method of Inducing Artificial Sleep at a Distance by Means of Radio Waves,' in the Soviet Unions General-Colonel of Avi- ation Vladimir Nikitovich Abramov rendered practical assistance in formalizing this discovery. Marshal of Aviation Yevgeniy Yakovlevich Savitskiy supervised this work," SVAP 2FERTF2 Approved For Release 2000/08/09 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000600500002-5-
Approved For Release 2000/08/09 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000600500002-5 Documents state that “a paper by the authors of an invention, 'The Action of Modulated Electric and Electromagnetic Pulses on Biological Specimens,' was pre- sented at the bioelectronics laboratory of the USSR Academy of Sciences! Institute of Radio Engineering and Electronics (IRE). In 1973, the first 'Radioson' (radiosleep) unit was developed at military unit 71592 of the city of Novosibirsk and preliminary trials were conducted " This report bears the seal of an aca- demic institute and signatures, including those of academician Yu. Kobzarey and Doc- tor of Sciences E. Godik. And, by the way, the block diagram of the "Radioson" unit includes the same microwave generator whose pulses, according to G. Shchelkunov, can also evoke acoustic vibrations in the brain. We were able to meet with a second in- ventor. Ivan Antonovich (he requested that his last name not be used), an associate of an institute of the USSR Academy of Scienc- es, Said: "Yes, we have developed the "Radioson' unit and have conducted not just one, but several successful tests both on ourselves and on volunteer soldiers. But prolonged correspondence with the Committee on Inven- tions and Discoveries didn't produce any results. They deferred consideration of our Claim, which was registered as early as 1974, under a totally unconvincing pre- text." "Perhaps, because such devices already CER OY 2. SWAP, BF 4 existed?" "No, at that time, this was out of the question. We gave some reports at various institutes, including IRE in 1982, Savits- kiy arranged a meeting for us with special- ists of a military scientific research in- stitute. They listened with interest, but everything disappeared as into a morass The total indirect evidence makes it possible to conclude: 'psi' weapons are technically entirely feasible, prototypes of them were tested as early as the 1970s and 1980s, and this means that they may also exist now. *See also the Daily SNAP, November 25, 1991, p. 4, col. 1 “TO (SNAP 920203) a * * * * Comments should be SG1l Addit list istribution Recipients of the Daily SNAP are advised that SNAP is intended solely for U.S. gov- ernment agencies and their designated con- tractors. Approved For Release 2000/08/09 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000600500002-5