Fe Approved For Release 200 TRERDCEREC RDP 96-00788Ro02000230004°3 ~* REMOTE PERTURBATION TECHNIQUES PROJECT DECRIPTION AND EXPERIMENTAL PROTOCOL ()) SHoRT Te The: RPT) DATE: FNOVEMBER 979 Poe. US.ARMY MISSILE COMMAND Redstone Arsenal, Alabama 38809 TASt SMIN ATION AND EXTRACT TIC *N Disses ATION CONTROLLED DY NOT RELEASH ea) ORIGINATOR (ORCON) NATIONALS (NOFORN), \\ 4 approve For Release 20 725 glaggmpernoT snooze hiAd tates i“ SMI FORM 1021, 1 JUL 79 PREVIOUS EDITION IS OBSOLETE ere
UNCLASSIFIED Approved For Release 2001/04/02 : CIA-RDP96-00788R002000230004-2 PREPARED BY: PRINCIPAL INYEST/GATOR USAMICOM GRILL FLAME OVERSIGHT COMMITTEE APPROVAL: WILLIAM C. McCORKLE Director, Sys Sim & Dev Dir US Army Missile Laboratory RANKIN A. CLINTON, JR. Deputy Director US Army Missile Intelligence Agency Ald &, Votran RICHARD L. HARTMAN Director, Research Directorate US Army Missile Laboratory i Approved For Release 29pN/@402« EIA:RDP96-00788R0020092 300042. yarnu No. 80-FDS-~
Approved For Release 2001/04/02 : ap) Sto Pe6-00788R002000230004-2 (S) GENERAL (U) (S) This document describes proposed DARCOM research on remote perturbation (RP). The term "remote perturbation" is used herein to signify an intellectual/mental process by which a person perturbs remote sensitive apparatus or equip- ment. RP does not involve any electronic sensing devices at, or focused on, the RP agent. No drugs, hypnosis, special sensory (visual, auditory or olfactory) or proprioceptive stimuli, liminal, or subliminal, electrical, or electro- magnetic, will be used in this investigation. (U) The Commander, US Army Materiel Development and Readiness Command (DARCOM), approved in principle the US Army involvement in what is now known as Project GRILL FLAME, in April 1978. In May 1978, the Assistant Chief of Staff for Intelligence (ACSI) accepted lead responsibility for GRILL PLAME applications. Overall DOD responsibility resides with the Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA). PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR Dr. B. Z, Jenkins Systems Simulation & Development Directorate US Army Missile Laboratory, MICOM Redstone Arsenal, Alabama 35809 DISSEMINATION AND EXTRACTION OREIGR OF INFORMATION CONTROLLED BY MO TTONALS (NOFORN) ORIGINATOR (ORCON) NATIONALS ( | Approved For Release 2001/04/02 1;CIA-RDP96-00788R002000230004-2
Approved For Release 200 ete Rn RpPes-00788R002000230004.2 (S) CONTENTS Page 1. BACKGROUND-~-------n en en nn + 1 2. SCIENTIFIC MERIT-----------~-------------------------------- 1 3. OBJECTIVE---~---~----------~--- ------ -- 22 + oo ee =~ 2 4, STATUS----------------~------------------+------ --+-------- 2 5. PLAN-~-------------------~ ----- - 3 - + oo ee ene ne ee ee ee 2 6. PARTICIPANTS---~-~--~-~----------~--------------------------- 40 7. FACILITIES-~-~--------------~--~-----~+-+--+-- ~~~ +-+--- ++ === = 41 APPENDIX A: DATA BASE FOR RNG EXPERIMENTS----~------------ 13 APPENDIX B: DESCRIPTION OF EXPERIMENT------------~--------- 25 APPENDIX C: TESTING PROCEDURES TO BE USED IN PHASE I------ 33 APPENDIX D: VOLUNTEER CONSENT FORM-~---------------------- 36 ; APPENDIX E: MEDICAL FACILITIES AND PROCEDURES------------- 40 REFERENCES ~- ---------- +--+ ee ee 4y oP ett APPROVES FERS 2001/04/02 : CIA-RDRG6-00788R002000R30804-2 JRIGINATOR (ORCON), bere bo <r aru on wd WAT via, (avFORR)
Approved For Release 2001/04/02 : CIA-RDP96-00788R002000230004-2 (S) REMOTE PERTURBATION TECHNIQUES: PROJECT DESCRIPTION AND EXPERIMENTAL PROTOCOL 1. (S) BACKGROUND (S) There have been Many reported accounts of phenomena variously known as telekinesis, psychokinesis, teleportation, etc. Most of these accounts are clearly derived from carefully staged tricks which are revealed whenever they are studied under controlled and well recorded conditions. There are a few, however, which describe serious research by reputable investigators. Included among these are experiments in which the subject attempts to perturb, by mental processes alone, the outcome of an otherwise random event. This kind of remote perturbation experiment is appealing in that it involves no subjective interpretation - the results may be expressed entirely in probabilistic terms. Appendix A contains a summary description of these experiments. As an overall evalua- tion of this data base, it is unlikely that -the apparent RP effect is simply an artifact of selected reporting by the laboratories involved; even if one were to assume that there were ‘ten unreported nonsignificant experi- ments for each reported Significant one, the entire expanded data base would still show significant effects with odds against chance of better than 2000:1. (S) There are, however, two characteristics of this data base which pose problems. First, the effects are rarely stable with one individual's RP effort, the quoted results being averages over a number of individuals. Secondly, the physical environment of the random event sources and associated electronics was not discussed in any detail for any of the experiments, so it is possible that some of the effects may be the result of normal and possibly subtle electronic interference, 2. (8) SCIENTIFIC MERIT Senate BSR (S) Scientists have been Slow to admit that such phenomena as RP may be consistent with the formalism of established science. The interpretation of quantum physics is flexible enough to encompass a number of seeming HOT RELEASABLE TO FOREIGN TisshRINATION AND mat ON WATIONALA UBYOWSY For Release 200 aR added O80) REPRO NZ cooAsoMaA:
onl naled r Approved For Release 2001/04/02 : CIA-RDP96-00788R002000230004-2 paradoxes and some scientists have suggested quantum mechanisms to explain RP without violating the basic conservation theorems of physics. Mattuek?* describes one such mechanism and shows that effects on a macroscopic scale are consistent with the theory. While these hypotheses do not prove the existence of RP phenomena, when coupled with the findings discussed in Appendix A they do strongly indicate that further research is appropriate. In view of the obvious military value of being able to disturb sensitive enemy equipment such as computers, locks, switches, codes, etc., it is to the advantage of the Army to assess the validity of RP claims. 3. (S) OBJECTIVE (S) This experiment is designed to replicate the type of experiments described in Appendix A under more rigorously controlled conditions in order to evaluate the claims of having demonstrated the RP Phenomenon. While it is recognized that the risk of failure is extremely great, the potential return on investment is correspondingly great. 4.  (S) STATUS (S) Past research in RP has been discussed elsewhere. The current effort in RP techniques is part of the DOD-wide program called GRILL FLAME. Other GRILL FLAME projects involve "pemote viewing" - the ability to access and describe, by means of mental processes, information blocked from ordinary - perception by distance or shielding. Prior investigations and applications of remote viewing over the past decade have been very encouraging. The current project is the first GRILL FLAME investigation of RP. 5.  (S) PLAN (S) Expressed in simplest terms, the experiment may be described as follows (Appendix B gives a detailed technical description): a. (S) A truly random sequence of 0's and 1's (binary sequence) © is generated by processing and sampling the behavior of a noise source or random event generator (REG). b. (S) The RP participant is instructed to bias the composition of the sequence in favor of 1's or 0's by exercising mental processes. Ce (S) Feedback is provided the participant, so that he can instantaneously be aware of the degree to which he is succeeding. DISSEMINATION 4 ND EXT NOT RELEASABLE TO FOREIGN whe ; A tone KY NATTONAIpROWERNF or Release 2001/04/02 ; CIA- ROSSA TERUH ADAP yNONAD Ahapsovealzs xy L0V T Cyar
SECRET Approved For Release 2001/04/02 : CIA-RDP96-00788R002000230004-2 d. (S) The associated computer equipment simultaneously carries out a statistical analysis of the sequence of digits until it can be deemed perturbed (biased as instructed) or not whereupon the trial (or test) is ended. (S) The testing phase of the experiment consists of a large number of such tests by-each participant. (S) The basic elements of the experiment are: a. (Ss) Sources of Randomness: Two sources for genuinely random binary sequences are to be employed as well as one pseudo-random binary sequence generator. The radioactive decay of prometheum 147 (147pR), occurs by the emission of beta particles which are readily detected. The other random event generator is an electronic noise diode which is subject to avalanche discharge which is also easily detected electronically. The theory of both these devices and the distribution of random events (B-emission or avalanche discharge) is well understood and has been well verified experi- 30,35 The random events are Poisson distributed in time. Each mentally. time a random event. occurs, it will trigger a change in a flip-flop device - from one to zero or from zero to one depending upon the state upon detection of the random event. The flip-flop device thus randomly switches back and forth between zero and one with the occurrence of random events. This device is sampled periodically (at intervals much longer than the average event rate) to produce the desired random binary sequence. (S) In addition, a pseudo-random binary sequence will also be utilized as needed. This differs from a random sequence in that, although the numbers appear to be random, they are actually calculated by the computer from a starting number or "seed" and thus for any given seed are deterministic. TI£ the RP phenomenon should exist, a great deal can be determined about the nature of the phenomenon by the difference to which truly random and determi-~ nistic events are affected by it. b. (S) Analysis Capability: The random (or pseudo-random) binary Sequence must be statistically analyzed in order to determine if it is actually random or is biased. Computational capability is also used to NOT RELEASABLEE 10 FOREIGN 3 LiSSEMINATION AND EXTRACTION PN 0 2M 0. LED BY NATTA PFANEMRW Release 2001/04/02 7 ClBsROPSIORAER 20oMeSA O42
Approved For Release 2001/04/02 : CIA-RDP96-00788R002000230004-2 govern the sampling process described above, to drive the displays and to catalog and store certain results of the tests. The analysis is carried out in real time in order to provide effective feedback to the RP participant. Ce ($) Feedback Display: In order that the RP participant can benefit from almost instantaneous feedback, he will be provided with a color video display driven by the output from the statistical analysis of the binary sequence. A variety of preprogrammed displays will be made available including simple clock motion or "race-car" displacement as indicators of perturbation as well as more technical ones such as the progress of the statistical pawn in the sequential analysis diagram (see Appendix B). An auditory feedback channel will also be provided wherein the frequency or intensity of a tone (or complex waveform) varies to indicate perturbation. The participant is expected to choose the particular feedback mode which he feels is most effective. (S) It has been tacitly assumed that any RP effect would act upon the random event generator. This assumption will be checked by recording the incidence of random events, the resulting binary sequence, and the output of the statistical analysis on magnetic disc storage for subsequent stage- to-stage analysis. The analysis of this for consistency along with the recorded output of :the feedback channel (video or audio tape) will isolate the source of any perturbation as being in the random source, the computer equipment or the display equipment. (S) We intend to address the two problems with previous experiments by first focusing our attention upon a limited number (nine or less) of partici- pants who have shown previous expertise as remote viewers. By using experienced remote viewers, it is anticipated that we should observe any effect within this limited number, rather than having to average over large numbers of individuals as in the data base experiments. Also, by using more sensitive analysis techniques than have been used previously, even a small effect can be stabilized. (Ss) Secondly, to assure ourselves that the noise sources are sufficiently free of even subtle (but normal) electronic nonrandomness, we 4 DISSEMINATION AND EXTRACTION WOT MELEASABLE TO POREIGH OF INTORMATION CONTROLLED BY RATIPS PEASY, Release 2001/ CLD BO PSEAYATSROC DU280004-2
Approved For Release 2001104788 : iN P96-00788R002000230004.2 intend to use the most rigorous construction and design techniques possible (battery power, optically coupled signals, etc.) to isolate the sources from normal environmental influences. Furthermore, the noise sources will be chosen for their internal simplicity °° and thus may be amenable to realistic mathematical modelling. Using the models, we are able to calculate by Monte Carlo techniques a noise source's dependence on various external and internal physical parameters. (S) The experiment will be conducted in two phases. Phase I consists of the assembly and checkout of the apparatus and exhaustive validation testing. During the validation testing the entire system will be exercised over a wide range of environmental and testing conditions to assume the randomness of the binary sequence and the proper functioning of the computer and displays. Appendix C provides further information on the validation testing procedures. (S) Phase II consists of the actual RP participant testing. There are three primary independent variables that may be varied during the course of the investigation. Two of them, the random source (beta decay, noise diode, pseudo random) and the mode of feedback have been discussed. The prime independent variable is the presence op absence of an RP participant. The final measure of significance of the experiment is essentially whether a consistent difference can be discerned in the randomness of the binary sequence when the apparatus is operating with and without an RP participant. The dependent variable, provided by the statistical analysis of the binary sequence, is a quantitative measure of the degree to which the composition of the sequence differs from what would be expected by chance. (Details of the statistical analysis are provided in Appendix B.) For individual trials, the criterion for success will be that the odds against chance expectation be greater than 20:1. The first four months of-:the investigation will be used as a pilot period during which participants will familiarize themselves with the experiment and explore various techniques in a learning mode. This period will also be used to optimize the device parameters. (S) During the final two months of the investigation, each participant IMINATION AND EXTRACTION HOT RELEASABLE 10 FOREIGN 5 DISSEMINATION AND TROLLED SY ia pproved For Release 2001 logic figuRD Poe BiPHBABD OCB SSEHD 2
NOT Approved For Release 2001/04/02 ° -RDP96-00788R002000230004-2 will be asked to contribute 100 trials. The following is a typical succession of events during an RP trial session: - The participant and experimenter will discuss the program status to date. If the participant feels that set or circun- stance are unfavorable to his participation, the session will be postponed. - The variables or other changes in the experiment will be described to the participant to whatever extent desired. - The participant will select whatever mode of feedback he prefers for the trials for the impending session. - The participant initiates successive trials at his own pace at the instant of his choosing until the (nominally) 30-minute session is concluded or sooner if the participant wishes. - The participant is then debriefed.. He is told of the outcomes of the trial, the statistical significance or lack thereof and given the answers to any other questions concerning the session or his cumulative performance. (U) At no time will any participant be exposed to radiation or be instrumented for monitoring any physiological function - even by remote sensors. No drugs, hypnosis, special sensory or proprioceptive stimuli, liminal, or subliminal, electrical, or electromagnetic, will be used. (U) After a participant has contributed one hundred trials, we will determine the number of trials that had odds against chance expectation of greater than 20:1. If this total number of runs is greater than ten (the number required by exact binomial calculation to meet odds against chance of greater than 20:1) then we will declare that participant to have a signifi- cant result. To assess whether the entire investigation is significant, we shall combine the results of the six participants using standard statistical procedures. °° (S) One primary consideration in the planning of the experiment is assuring the credibility of the findings. If positive results are reported, critics will challenge virtually every aspect of the test and data analysis, The following measures are being taken to reduce the vulnerability of the experiment to attack. SEMINATION AND EXTRACTION OP OPM ATION CCNTROLLED BY RLM FART or Release 2001/04/02 : CIA-RDRECOOVSBRD0G000930004-2 ‘
Approved For Release 2001/04/02 : CIA-RDP96-00788R002000230004-2 a. (S) Safeguards Against Deception: The entire experiment is being carried out twice; once at the facilities of SRI, International, in Menlo. park, California, and duplicated in substance at Redstone Arsenal, Alabama. The two experiments are to use almost identical apparatus and RP participants. The experiment at Redstone Arsenal, however, will utilize independently acquired and assembled equipment and will be conducted by US Army MICOM scientists. In addition to allaying any question of manipula- tion of equipment or concealed means of affecting the course of individual tests built into the system (barring large scale collusion, of course), the duplicate test provides a means of checking repeatability of results. The equipment in the testing room with the participant cannot be used to program the computer and can only be used for feedback display and to allow the participant/experimenter to initiate the test, select among various displays or similar preprogrammed options. All equipment subject to tampering which could bias or invalidate the test will be located ina separate, locked room. The susceptibility of the equipment to remotely applied agents such as radiation, ultrasonics, etc., will be ascertained, as far as practical, in Phase I. The recorded data from each trial session will be secured ina manner comparable to classified material immediately upon completion of the session, ; b. (8) Validity of Data Sample: All data taken in Phase II will be saved and made available for further analysis if the data analysis tech- niques should be questioned. No data will be discarded. If any part of the data taken subsequent to the four-month pilot period is not included in the combined statistical assessment, it will be so identified, Any circumstances during experimentation which are out of the ordinary will be recorded. ec. (8) Validity of Analysis Methodology: After Phase I valida- tion of the functioning of the apparatus, the entire system will be exercised using artificially biased binary sequences (Monte Carlo testing) to the extent that the probability of errors of the first and second kind are accurately “This document refers to the US Army MICOM experiment. A similar one has been prepared for the contractor's experiment. NOT RELEASABLE TO FOREIGN DISSEMINATION AND SaoneoaSOBGee? BY MATION NG BMor Release 2001/04/02 -7CIA-RDR&GBO7BER ee
Approved For Release 2001/04/02 -RDP96-00788R002000230004-2 known. These probabilities can also be calculated probabilistically to provide an independent check. Basically we are testing the hypothesis that the binary sequence is composed of 50% zero's and 50% one's. An error of the first kind consists of rejecting this hypothesis when it is true; an error of the second kind consists of accepting the hypothesis when it is false. The previously cited criteria for each trial of judging the sequence to be perturbed if the odds against its occurrence by chance are greater than 20:1 correspond to a probability of error of the first kind of .05. d. (8) Influence of Uncontrolled Parameters: It can be endlessly hypothesized that such uncontrolled factors as solar storms, cosmic radiation, the phases of the moon, etc., may affect the experiment. In some cases, the threshold values at which the level of the parameter might be significant can be determined. In general, however, we rely on two safeguards to minimize any effect due to uncontrolled parameters. During validation testing and before and after trial sessions, the experimental apparatus will be exercised and any anomalous behavior recorded. Second, the chief independent variable - presence or absence of RP participant - should be uncorrelated with the uncontrolled parameters, hence a clear dependence of any measured RP effect upon presence of a participant can be attributed to the participant. In other words, it would be highly improbable that any uncontrolled parameters would be effective only when the RP partici- pant is present. e. (S) Interpretation of Results: This experiment is an attempt to determine if remote perturbation as defined exists. The nature of the experiment was suggested by earlier research which has claimed some degree of success. The scope of this project does not permit much extension in the list of independent variables. As a result, such potentially important variables as shielding, device/participant separation or the simultaneous use of multiple participants cannot be investigated. (S) It has been assumed that if any RP effect is detected it is due to the designated participant. Obviously, there is a large number of individuals who might be in a position to exert an RP influence on the device, in DISSEMINATION AND EXTRACTION AP INeEORM ATION CONTROLLED BY NOT RELEASABLE 9 FOREIGN ORIGINAT Rb proved Por Release roaaengREE So? ScLsCeSNTGSRIGE
Approved For Release 2001/04/02 : CIA-RDP96-00788R002000230004-2 particular, the experimenter. No attempt has been made in the design of the experiment to isolate the agent of any RP influence. Neither has any attempt been made to distinguish between RP and precognition which (if it exists) could permit the participant to initiate the trials in anticipation of a favorable sequence and achieve the same result. (S) At the end of the current program, the result can be characterized in one of three ways as follows: - Positive: Both the contractor and the government experiments meet or surpass the overall criteria stated on page 5, - Negative: Neither the contractor nor the government experiments meet the stated criteria for the entire experiment or the overall performance of a single subject. - Indeterminate: Anything other than positive or negative as defined above. (S) If the result is positive, further experiments will be undertaken to determine the limitations of the phenomenon for military exploitation. Such experiments would’ include an assessment of the effects of distance and shielding, possible interference from other physical phenomena and the potential for refinement for greater consistency or sharper definition. It is also likely that some experimentation would be undertaken to attempt to determine the mechanism for RP and the physiological source. (S) If the result is negative as defined above, but with certain well- characterized portions showing an effort which is quite unlikely to have occurred by chance alone, an additional experimental phase will be added to attempt to discover conditions (sampling rates, feedback, etc.), which might Salvage the program. Otherwise, this line of investigation will be terminated. (S) An indeterminate result may take many forms. Contingencies have been considered for some of these. - If only one of the experiments is positive, an additional phase of testing will be undertaken with an exchange of certain critical hardware as well as other modifications which might be indicated by an analysis of the results. In addition, the stored Stage-to-stage data from both experiments will be reanalyzed on the MICOM CDC 6600 computer. mT TRACTION DISEEMEIATION AND EX {tht RELTASABLE 10 FOREIGN OF IP FORMATION CONTROLLED BY MATLONALSHADPOREF or Release 2001/04/02: CIA-RDPOBOCPEBROGS500230004-2.
NO NATIONALS (MOFORX), Author (Reference) Schmidt (3) Schmidt (4) Schmidt & Pantas (5) Matas & Pantas (6) Andre (7) Honorton & Barks- dale (8) Schmidt (9) Bierman & Hout- keeper (10) Schmidt (11) TABLE 14 RANDOM NUMBER GENERATOR EXPERIMENTS - DATA BASE Comments Level of omment Significance Preliminary Experiment Main Experiment ist Cat Series 2nd Cat Series ist Roach Series 2nd Roach Series Preliminary Experiment Series I Series II Experiment I Experiment ITI Group Series Individual Ss Selected Subject Exploratory Experiment Confirmatory Experiment Experiment I Series 1 Series 2 Series 3 Experiment II Real-time Prerecorded Experiment III UU TUG 677" i ar © 16 Approved For Release 2001/SRO SEIT 26-00788R002000230004.2 nes, 0.00087 0.016 ns. 0.0069 4.2 xX 10% 0.012 6.3 X 10° 0.0093 5 0.0014 0.11 0.009 0.034 n.&S. 3.4 xX 107° 5.6 X 107° 2.1 x 107% 0.026 0.001 0.004 0.001 0.05 0.0005 n.S. TUUTGOC RUU ZU UN DUO iy ACTION OF INFORMATION CONTROLLED BY ORIGINATOR (ORCON)} .
Approved For Release 2001/04/02 : CIA-RDP96-00788R002000230004-2 Author (Reference ) Stanford & Fox (12) Stanford, et al (13) Braud, et al (14) Honorton & May (15) May & Honorton (16) Millar & Broughton (17) Millar & Mackenzie (18) Millar (19) Honorton & Winnett (20) Winnett & Honorton (21) Braud & Hartgrove (22) Broughton, et al (23) Braud (24) Schmidt (25) Terry & Schmidt (26) Jungerman & Jungerman (27) David & Morrison (28) Braud & Braud (29) mane IA-RDPS6-00 MOAB DTEVE a Car Release 2001/04/02 : C TABLE 1 (Concluded) Experiment I Experiment IT Experiment III . Meditator Meditators Meditators Experiment Experiment Experiment Experiment 4 won Expt. I (prerecorded) Expt. II (prerecorded) Condition A Condition B Experiment 4 Experiment 2 Experiment 1 Experiment 2 New Procedure Experiment 1 Pbk No Fbk Experiment 2 (no Fbk) Comments Level of ommen Significance 0.05 0.0069 0.002 0.05 n.s. 0.035 0.011 n.s. eS., n.S. 0.018 0.0024 0.034 nS. 0.028 0.022 n.s. 0.044 0.00037 n.s. 0.04 n.S. ns. n.s. n.S. n.s. n.s. neS,. 0.05 0.05 0.05 DISSEMINATION AND EXTRACTION 2OOVAS0N0SQLLED BY FSOROO? RIGINATOR (ORCON),