Approved For Release 2000/08/08 : CIA-RDP96-00789R003100280001-7 622 ‘iL. Y. Belyaev er al. - Resonance Effect of Microwaves on the Genome Conformational State of E. coli Cells tion the frequency. the output power. as well as the voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) were con- trollable. Frequency instability was 1 MHz, error in the measurement of the output power did not exceed 10% and the value of VSWR in the wave- guide was not more than 1.6. Irradiation of a cell suspension (1.5 mm thickness) was carried out in Petri dishes, 50 mm in diameter. by means of a pyramidal horn having dimensions 40 x 50 mm. The space distribution of the power density (PD) on the surface of the suspension was meas- ured by means of a dipole EHF probe [8]. With the irradiation frequencies used the local PD values at the surface of the suspension differed by nearly an order of magnitude. But frequency changes of + 200 MHz did not lead to significant changes of the pattern of PD distribution. At the same time frequency changes in a wide range (of the order of units GHz) could lead to a marked displacement of PD minima and maxima up to their inversion. In the event of parity of output power in the wave- guide. the PD value. averaged over the whole sur- face under irradiation, did not change. The specific absorption rate (SAR) was meas- ured in two ways: by the acoustic method [9] and the calorimetric method. The suspension tempera- ture was measured by a microthermocouple. Cells were subjected to X-rays (XR) using a ra- diological unit RUP-150. The distance from the focus to the suspension was 40 cm, average radia- tion energy — 50 keV, dose rate 0.7 Gy/min. Microwave and X-irradiation of cells was carried out at ambient temperature. Preparation of bacterial cells for experiments and cell lysis The following strains were used in the work: E.coli K12: AB1157 F- thr-l ara-14 leu-B6 proA2 lacGI tsx-33 supE 44 galk 2 hisG4 rfbDI mgl-51 rpsL31 xyl-5 mtl-I argE3 thi-I Avrac’; G62 F* proA23 lac-28 trp-30 his-51 rpsLR and also strain RM117 which is isogenic with strain AB1157. Cells were cultivated by standard meth- ods in Luria broth or minimal medium M-9 [10]. The E. coli cultures used in the experiments were kept in spreadings on the Hottinger nutrient agar at3-4°C. Before irradiation. cells from the night culture were resuspended in concentrations of 3 + 9 * 10’ cells/ml in a salt buffer M-9. Cells were kept under these conditions for | h before irradiation. After irradiation, cells were lysated by gradually adding LET-lysozyme (LET-medium: 0.5M Na, EDTA, 0.01 M Tris-HCI, pH 7) in a concen- tration of 3 mg/ml. LET-sarcosyl (2%) and LET- papain (3 mg/ml) with 10 to 15 min intervals be- tween addition of each agent. 0.3 ml LET-lyso- zyme. 1.0 mi LET-sarcosyl, 0.7 ml LET-papain were added to | inl of cell suspension. The lysates were then kept in darkness at a temperature of 30 °C for 40h, after that the AVTD were meas- ured. Method of anomalous viscosity time dependencies This method is based on the fact that in sotu- tions of high-polymer DNA. placed in a rotary viscosimeter. radial migration of DNA. which is a directed movement of macromolecules towards the inner cylinder of the viscosimeter (rotor). is observed {1 1]. Measurements were carried out in a rotary cy- lindrical viscosimeter with an automatic record of the rotor’s rotation period [6]. In the unit used, the rotor was set in motion by a constant moment of force created by an external electromagnetic field. Upon completion of the lysis the rotor was sus- pended on the meniscus of the lysate examined. Thereafter the lysate was placed ina thermostati- cally controlled (30 *C) jacket of the viscosimeter for measurement. When the external electromagnetic field is switched on. the rotor starts moving. In the initial stage of measuring the rotor’s rotation period (T). the lysate viscosity increases due to a radial migra- tion of macromolecules. This results in an in- creased rotation period of the rotor since the peri- od is proportional to the specific viscosity (Fig. 2, curve 1). After the DNA macromolecules had de- posited on the external surface of the rotor the ve- locity of its rotation decreased to the value typical of a pure solvent. The dependence of the rotor’s rotation period in the ceil lysate on the time after the rotor’s rotation starts (t) is called anomalous viscosity time dependence. It should be noted here that AVTD cannot be observed in protein solutions. because radial mi- gration doesn't take place in solutions of mole- cules with weights less than 10° D [11]. The param- Approved For Release 2000/08/08 : CIA-RDP96-00789R003100280001-7 te OFT
ee eee ee ee Approved For Releas e 2000/08/08 : - 1. Y. Belyaev et al, - Resonance Effect of 10/08/08 on Gl RDP 26; AN ASBON34 0028000-7 623 eters of the AVTD curve in the cell lysate are de- termined by the genome conformational state, i.e. by hydrodynamic parameters of chromosomal DNA macromolecules which in their turn depend on the DNA nativity, DNA association with var- ious proteins, the microenvironment, efc. The ro- tor’s maximum rotation period (Tax) which in this method is the most sensitive parameter character- izing the genome conformational state of E. coli cells, was obtained from the AVTD curve. The measurement error of the rotor’s rotation period was 2%. Results Irradiation of £. coli cells with doses of 10-50 Gy leads to changes of the AVTD curve of the cell lysate (Fig. 2, curve 2). The major cause of these changes is the considerable decrease of Tmax “fter post-irradiated cell incubation for 90-120 min. depending on the dose of irradiation, an almost complete recovery of the AVTD curve (Fig. 2. curve 3) took place. This means that during this period the GCS of the irradiated cells returned to the control level. It is in this sense that we use the term “repair” of the genome conformational state. In preliminary experiments the X-irradiated cells were exposed to microwaves in the regime of frequency switching. This was brought about with- in the range of about 200 MHz during 30-90 min. Fig. 2 (curve 4) shows the AVTD curve after cell T[s] 0 100 200 300 400 t{s] Fig. 2. Anomalous viscosity time dependencies of E. coli G62 cell lysates: | — control: 2 — X-irradiation (30 Gy): 3 - XR and incubation (90 min): 4 - XR and incuba- tion under the influence of EHF EMR. irradiation within the frequency band of 51.60- 51.78 GHzat PD = 3 mW/cm*? for 90 min. It can be seen that microwaves in this range ef- fectively suppress repair of the GCS. To assess the microwave effect on the repair process after X-irradiation, we used the following ratio: = Tmax xR = Tax eff Trax XR +1 Tax XR where: T nax XR ~ the average maximum rotor’s rotation period in the lysates of cells lysated immediately after X-irradiation, Tmax XR +1 the average maximum rotor’s rota- tion period in the lysates of cells lysated after X-irradiation and subsequent incubation (1): Tmax eft ~ the average maximum rotor’s rotation period in the lysates of cells subjected to EHF EMR during the radiation-induced repair. In two effective microwave ranges the « dependencies on frequency were determined. In these experiments. cells were irradiated with microwaves of a certain frequency for 5 to 15 min after X-irradiation. To assess the average value of the rotors maximum rotation period (Toax) 10 each of the experiments 3 AVTD measurements were made. Significance level was determined by the Student’s t-test. The extent and results of a standard experiment are given in Table If. Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 present the x dependence in the ranges examined: $1.62-51.84 GHz (strain 0 516 5164 51.68 51.72 51.76 518 51.84 {{ GHz ] Fig. 3. Frequency dependence of EHF EMR effect on radiation-induced repair of the GCS of E. coli RM 117 cells (20 Gy: 15 min. 3 mW cm‘). Appro pproved For Release 2000/08/08 : CIA-RDP96-00789R003100280001-7
at Ma Appro . 3 6 PP oved F or Release. 2000/08/08: CIA-RDP96-06789R003100280001 7 624 ‘iL. Y. Belyaev et al. - Resonance Effect of Microwaves on the Genome Conformational State of E. coli Cells Table I. Values of the maximum rotor’s rotation period derived from AVTD curves obtained in lysates of E. coli AB1157 cells, lysated after X-irradiation (20 Gy), subsequent incubation or irradiation with EHF EMR (200 W/cm?) in the course of incubation. Typeof EMR Durationof = Trax Fix tSE* Significance effect frequency EHF EMR {S] (S] level as [GHz] irradiation compared [min] with XR +1 51.1 Control - - 35.1 44.84 4.8 p< 0.03 47.8 74 - XR - - 7.2 7.0+0.3 p<0.0001 6.5 28.1 XR+I - - 4.7 262£10 - 25.7 14.0 41.25 10 12.3 12.8+0.6 p< 0.0004 12.1 7.2 41.30 10 6.4 6.9+0.3 p<0.0001 XR 7.2 + 8.9 41.35 10 10.1 9.7+0.4 p<0.0002 EMR 10.1 9.7 + 41.40 10 11.2 11.0+0.7 p< 0.0004 12.2 i 16.2 41.45 10 17.3 16.7£ 90.3 p<0.001 16.6 15.2 41.50 10 16.2 15.6+0.3 p< 0.0006 15.6 * Standard error. RM 117) and 41,25—41.50 GHz (strain AB 1157). It is clear that in both ranges this dependence has a resonance nature with a resonance half-width of 1 the order of 100 MHz and resonance frequencies of 51.76 GHz and 41.32 GHz respectively. In the first instance the cell exposure to EHF EMR was carried out at PD =3 mW/cm?. The SAR value, estimated by acoustic and calorimetric methods, 0.6 amounted to 17 mW/g and 22 mW/g respectively. Heating of the cell suspension, when irradiated, did not exceed 1 °C. The x dependence on frequen- cy within the range of 41.25—41.50 GHz was stud- ied at PD = 200 W/cm? with heating not exceed- ing 0.1 °C. It should be noted that heating of a cell radiation-induced repair of the genome conformational suspension by 5°C for 10min right after the state a E. coli AB1157 cells (20 Gy; 200 pW/cem?, X-irradiation did not lead to suppression of repair 1.2 « 0.8 0.4 \ ‘ \ 412 41.25 413 41.35 41.4 41.45 415 {[ GHz] Fig. 4. Frequency dependence of EHF EMR effect on A pproved For Release 2000/08/08 : CIA-RDP96-00789R003100280001-7
Approved For Release 20 00/08/08 : - L. Y. Belyaev et al. - Resonance Effect of 00/08/08 Enel \-RDOP ISAAC Roasted Q0N239000%s7 625 12 1 0.8 7) 1 10 100 ©: 1000 PD { pW/ cm? ] Fig. 5. Dependence of suppression effectiveness of radia- tion-induced GCS repair on microwave PD (strain AB1157, 20 Gy; 41.32 GHz, 5 min). processes. We also studied the dependence of sup- pression of radiation-induced GCS repair on PD of the microwave exposure at the 41.32 GHz fre- quency. The power dependence of x is shown in Fig. 5. Starting with a PD of 1 pW/cm?, irradiation for 5 min significantly suppressed GCS repair. As pointed out above, Fig. 3 shows a frequency dependence within the 51.62-51.84 GHz range for RM 117 strain. But this microwave irradiation was effective in repair suppression for the other strains used: AB1157 and G62. Altogether 11 experi- ments were carried out, each revealing statistically significant suppression of repair processes by microwaves at frequencies of this resonance. An EHF EMR effect on the genome conforma- tional state was also discovered in the case of in- verse sequence of cell exposure to microwaves and X-rays. Irradiation of cells with EHF EMR at the $1.78 GHz frequency (that is close to that of reso- nance) before X-irradiation prevented the process of radiation-induced repair (Table 11). Table II. Values of the maximum rotor’s rotation peri- od in cell lysates after a combined effect EHF EMR (3 mW/cm*, 51.78 GHz. 30 min) and XR (30 Gy) on E. coli RM 117 ceils. Type of Toray & SE Significance level effect (S} as compared with XR+1 Control 17.1409 p< 0.04 XR 6.9+0.1 p<0.02 XR+1 12.5+ 1.4 - EMR + XR+1 7,240.2 p<0.003 EMR+XR+E OO Discussion It is generally accepted that biological mem- branes are receptors of chemical and electromag- netic signals. Can this premise alone explain those resonance bioeffects which can be seen when ceils dre subjected to jow-intensity millimeter radiation? This resultant effect can change such important biological parameters as velocity of cell division [1, 2] or processes of gene expression [3, 5}. It would seem that the simplest answer to the ques- tion of the target of microwave resonance effect is that the target is the cell membrane whose propet- ties determine frequencies of resonant interaction. Indeed, in a number of model studies microwave effects were detected that had been caused by 4 change in the ion membrane transport {13-15}. _ But the microwave “membrane” effects examined did not depend on the EMR frequency and there- fore do not permit explanation of the resonance ef- fect on the processes of cell development and gene expression. It appeared to us that a promising ¢x- planation of these observations could be supplied by the notion of the role of the genome conforma- tional state in forming cell’s resonance response to the millimeter wave exposure. In other words, we assumed that parameters of the GCS, i.e. space-to- pological organization of chromosomal DNA, de- termine resonance frequencies. In such an event the GCS would be sensitive to the effect of milli- meter waves of certain frequencies. In order to provide support for this supposition we used the method of anomalous viscosity time dependencies in cell lysates, which has a high sensi- tivity to the GCS change [6]. Changes in the AVTD can be detected even with an X-ray dose of 10 cGy when less than one single-strand DNA break is induced per E. coli genome. This result al- ready made it possible to assume that the AVTD method is sensitive not only to damages of the sug- ar-phosphate bonds of the DNA secondary struc- ture. The AVTD sensitivity to other changes of the genome conformation, particularly those caused by DNA-protein bonds, was confirmed by the ex- periments we carried out [16]. The results obtained in the course of our work indicate that repair of the genome conformational state of bacterial cells after ionizing irradiation is highly sensitive to the resonance effect of millimeter waves. The microwave effect discovered cannot be ¢x- plained by trivial heating. This was borne out by A pproved For Release 2000/08/08 : CIA-RDP96-00789R003100280001-7 ne cond
Approve 626 many of the results obtained. First, there were effective PD of about 1 pW/cm’, while SAR amounted to 10 pW/g is not enough for a notice- able heating of the irradiated suspension Over §-15 min. Second, heating of the cell suspension by 5 °C for 10 min during the postradiative incu- bation has no influence on the restoration. Finally, the PD averaged over the irradiated surface did not depend on the frequency within the limits of the observed resonances (+ 200 MHz). There is hardly any doubt that destabilization of repair and probably other protein complexes with DNA is the central event of the molecular-biologi- cal mechanism preventing the GCS repair. Sur- prisingly, this effect may be obtained even if cells are subjected to EMR with resonance frequency before X-irradiation. This result means that a cell, irrespective of whether or not it was X-irradiated, retains the microwave resonance effect for a cer- tain period. It is especially important to stress that this memory is realized at the level of the genome conformational state. This inference is supported by the fact that after a 5-10 min EMR effect on X-irradiated cells, the prevention of GCS repair persists for at least an hour and a half of the subse- quent incubation. The discovered frequency dependence of the effect, especially the half-width of resonances (100 MHz), is similar in character to that which had been obtained when studying the gene expres- sion of repressed a-prophage operon in lysogenic E. coli ceils (3, 5]. In our view, this coincidence is one more argument in favour of the supposition of the role of the genome conformational state in the resonance response of bacterial cells to a millime- ter wave effect. In general, a chain of events seems to be in- volved in this interaction. At the first stage, micro- waves interact with cell membranes. It is likely that the signal in the membrane intensifies and is re ceived in the DNA through the point (points) where DNA is attached to the membrane. We be- lieve that there are parameters of DNA or its se- lected sites, including those bound with proteins. that determine the resonance frequencies of elec- tromagnetic waves capable of influencing the gen- ome conformational state through the membrane. One cannot exclude the possibility that the pri- mary targets of millimeter wave action are pro- teins, which take partin maintaining the structural et a d For Rele : ere .ase.2000/08/08-: CIA-RDP96-00789R003100280001-7 {. Y. Belyaev et al. - Resonance Effect of Microwaves on the Genome Conformational State of E. coli Cells and functional integrity of chromosome DNA [18. 19}. Then changes in the GCS registered by the AVTD method will be defined by the influence of EHF EMR on the function of these proteins. By affecting the GCS through the processes of molec- ular interaction the microwaves may give rise to changes of DNA secondary structure, changes in elementary genetic processes: transcription. repli- cation, repair and recombination. Consequently, it is possible to record the final biological effect at the cell level: modification of gene expression down to derepression of operons [2-5], changes in the velocity of DNA synthesis and in cell division {1, 17}. It is worth noting that cells of all the E. coli strains used (AB 1157, RMI17, G62) were sensi- tive to EMR of the 51.62—51.84 GHz frequency band. The first two of these strains are isogenic by known markers. As to the third strain, it differs from the previous ones by a number of markers. For instance, G62 celis have no mutations in the gene of acetylornithine deacetylase OF other genes whose products take part in the biosynthesis of ar- ginine and therefore are not auxotrophic on this amino acid. It is possible that structural genes whose mutations determine differences in the strains used have no relationship with a mecha- nism of resonance interaction. But it appears likely to us that resonance frequencies are determined by regulatory nucleotide sequences and their mutual position within cellular DNA. The results obtained in this work are in accord- ance with the physical models predicting the exist- ence in living systems of discrete resonance states corresponding to the millimeter band of an elec- tromagnetic field (18, 19]. A further experimental confirmation of the gen- ome’s role in giving rise to these discrete states and the existence of selection rules on helicity for tran- sitions between them will be made public at a later date. Acknowledgements The authors express their gratitude to O. A. Aizenberg for providing strains and to Vv. M. Shtemler for assistance in SAR measurements. They are also sincerely grateful to w. Grundler, F. Keilmann and S. P, Sitko for discussing the re- sults of this work. “ Approved For Rel ease 2000/08/08 : CIA-R : -RDP96-00789R00310 0280001-7
Approved F : - - pp or Release 2000/08/08 : CIA-RDP96 00789R003100280004 -7 627- I. Y. Belyaev et ai. : Resonance Effect of Microwaves on the Genome Conformational State o: Do | (1] W. Grundler, U. Jentzsch, F. Keilmann, and V, Put- terlic, in: Biological Coherence and Response to Ex- ternal Stimuli (H. Frohlich, ed.), pp. 65-85, Sprin- ger Verlag, Heidelberg 1988. [2] E. Postow and M. L. Swicord, in: CRC Handbook of Biological Effect of Electromagnetic Fielas (C. Polk and E. Postow, eds.), pp. 425-460, CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton 1986. [3] S. J. Webb, Phys. Lett. 73 A, 145 (1979). [4] F. Kremer, C. Koschnitzke, L. Santo, P. Quick, and A. Poglitsch, in: Coherent Excitation in Biological Systems (H. Frohlich and F. Kremer, eds.), pp. 10-20, Springer Verlag, Berlin 1983. [5] K. V. Lukashevsky and I. Ya. Belyaev, Med. Sci. Res. 18, 955 (1990). [6] Ye. D. Alipov, I. Ya. Belyaev, D. I. Yedneral, D. M. Izmailov, K. V. Lukashevsky, L. K. Obukhova, O. V. Okladnova, and V. S. Shcheglov, in: Proceed- ings of the Workshop on Genetic Effects of Charged Particles (K. G. Amirtaev and S. Kozubek, eds.), pp. 150-160, JINR, Dubna 1989 (in Russian). [7] S. P. Sitko, E. A. Andreev, and I. S. Dobronravova, J. Biol. Phys. 16, 71 (1988). [8] G. T. Butkus, K. K. Mikalauskas, and A. S. Pausha, in: Medicobiological Aspects of Millimeter Radia- tion (N. D. Devyatkov, ed.), pp. 230-234, IRE Ac. Sci. U.S.S.R., Moscow 1987 (in Russian). [9] I. G. Polnikov and A. V. Putvinsky, Biofisika 33, 893 (1988) (in Russian). [10] J. Miller, Experiments in Molecular Genetics, p. 373, Mir, Moscow 1976 (in Russian). [11] E. L. Uhlenhopp, Biorheology 12, 137 (1975). {12} V. D. Iskin, Yu. V. Zavgorodny, N. M. Yatsenko, L. K. Silina, E. V. Stepula, A. W. Medvedovsky, B. G. Rice, and S. V. Rudenko, Biological Effects of Millimeter Waves. Review. A. Deposited Manu- script, p. 75, All-Union Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of the U.S.S.R., Moscow 1987 (in Russian). [13] V. M. Shtemler, in: The All-Union Symposium with Foreign Participants: Theoretical and Applied As- pects of Usage of the Millimeter Electromagnetic Ir- radiation in Medicine. Abstracts (S. P. Sitko, ed.), pp. 114-115, TRC “Otklik”, Kiev 1989 (in Russian). [14] R. N. Khramov, Ye. M. Kobrinsky, A. K. Filippov, and N. I. Porotikov, ibid., pp. 49-50 (in Russian). [15] I. Yu. Petrov and O. V. Betsky, Dokl. Acad. Nauk U.S.S.R. 305, 474 (1989) (in Russian). [16] Ye. D. Alipov, I. Ya. Belyaev, V. P. Kryuchkov, and V. N. Lystsov, in: Proceedings of the Eight Balkan Biochemical and Biophysical Days, pp. 1-2, Insti- tute of Atomic Physics, Bucharest 1990. [17] I. Ya. Belyaev, Ye. D. Alipov, V. S. Shcheglov, K. V. Lukashevsky, and V. N. Lystsov, in: Proceedings of Tenth International Biophysics Congress, p. 549, Vancouver 1990. , [18] S. P. Sitko, V. I. Sugakov, Dokl. Acad. Nauk Ukr. S.S.R. 6B, 63 (1984) (in Russian). {19] F. Keilmann, Z. Naturforsch. 41¢, 795 (1986). Approved For Release 2000/08/08 : CIA-RDP96-00789R003100280001-7 1 emcee RI
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a we heat: : : 3 2re Ll a_ = eed. cil Approved For Release 2000/08/08 : CIA-RDP96-00789R0031002§ 376 R. E. TIGRANYAN and. V. V. SHOROKHOV 7. Molecular-Biological and Cytological Aspects of Lympholeukaemia (in Russian) (Eds. \ ; Nikolayeva and others) Nauka, Moscow, 1981 8. FEOFANOVA, T. V. e7 al., Mathematical Biophysics (in Russian) pp. 50-59, Kras. State Una } Krasnoyarsk, 1985 lar waveguide of ‘density of the flu: Biophysics Vol. 33, No. 2, pp. 376-377, 1988 0006-3509/88 $10.00. 4 , Printed in Poland © 1989 Pergamon Prewy. ; ses chosen was uy FREQUENCY RANGE OF THE AUDITORY EFFECT OF U.H.F.* subject. Starting fro: increase in the repe ceived over the R. E. TIGRANYAN and V. V. SHOROKHOV wn A RANTAN Institute of Biological Physics, U.S.S.R. Academy of Sciences, Pushchino (Moscow Region) (Received 5 August 1986) fe perception in the opi: frequences were 3-58, - Re and for the third 3-80, . Rtorded zero beats in a ton. | The zero beats of radiosound of an acoustic signal from an electrodynamic emitter over the frequency range to 8 KHz have been recorded for the first time in a natural experiment. It is shown that the zero beats between the acoustic tonal signal and the first harmonic of the pulse sequence of u.h.f. are fixed most clearly at the points corresponding to low threshold value: in the threshold curve of the u.h-f. auditory effect. | AZHELOV, V. V., et al. IN [lL] concerned with determination of the boundaries of the frequency range of rade ae oF. Proc K sound perceived by humans it was shown that it is limited downwards by the value 8 kH:_ and upwards by the intrinsic high-frequency boundary of hearing (h.f.b.h.) of th subjects, However, our findings [3, 4] obtained in various physical models pointed ! the possibility, in principle, of human perception of the whole sound range and ne a part of it. In particular, this followed from experiments on a two-contour resonam model based on the most fundamental principles known trom the theory. of hearing The proposed two-contour model fully reflects the mechanisms of hearing a in line with the existing analogues of these mechanisms, isolates the first harmonic ba 7" sent in the signal without conflicting with the physiological and neurophysiolog** an data. Thus, the absence of residual sound [2] in the-preresonance Tegion in the natus $i ; ‘DISTRIBUTION experiment [1] may be explained by the following factors. I. Insufficient attention of the subjects during the experiment to establish the p* sence of beats at low frequencies. 2. The high level of noise (~40 dB above the hearing threshold) in a room where * { natural experiment was run. 3. The low amplitude of the frequency of the beats at the mean level at low rere” { tion frequencies of the u.hf, pulses. 4. The insufficient power of the u.h-f. pulse taking into account the fact that with in the repetition frequency of the u.h-f. pulses the threshold rises, * Biofizika 33; No, 2, 349-350, 1988, TYAN, R. E. and SE t, In: Biological Effect o (in Russian) ONTI NTsi considered. Analysis of | indicate that the differences Biofizika 33; No. 2, 351-355.
BP Release 2000/08/08 . CIA-RDPU6-U0/B9RU0ST0020000T- Distribution of heavy carbon isotope (''C) 377 since rise in power in the pulse is not without danger we carried out the experiment wp detect the beats in the preresonance region (1-7 kHz) in conditions of a substantially wer noise level (~20 dB). Irradiation was at a carrier frequency of 800 MHz using a ee ea the power in the pulse ~120 W. hus the density of the flux of power (d.f.p.) in the pulse was 0-6 W/cm?. The parietal ‘on of the head was irradiated as in the previous experiments. The duration of the gh. pulses chosen was up to 25 sec. The tonal signal was delivered to the subject rough earphones of a GS-100I generator. The repetition frequency of the pulses and the frequency of the tonal acoustic signal varied from 1 to 7 KHz, both these para- ters being controlled with a ChZ-34 frequency meter. At a repetition frequencies of the pulses of 1-3 kHz the sound was perceived only ry one subject. Starting from 3 kHz the sensation of sound became more intense. With fyrther increase in the repetition frequency of the u.h.f. pulses the sound was confi- dently perceived over the whole range by all the subjects. The presence of beats with nacoustic tonal signal in order to shorten the radiation time was chacked at the points | where perception in the opinion of the subjects was most distinct. For the first subject ne snese frequences were 3-58, 4-21, 5-23 and 6:99 kHz, for the second 4-01, 5-33 and 6°99 _a natural experim aHz and for the third 3-80, 4:74 and 4-97 kHz. At these frequencies all subjects clearly : first harmonic of th recorded zero beats in a tonal acoustic signal. m REFERENCES _TYAZHELOV, V. V., e¢ al., Radioscience 14: 259, 1979 ; ” . _ SCHOUTEN, J. F., Proc. Koninklije Nederlandische Akademie van Wetenschappen 43: 356, 1985 . 3. TIGRANYAN, R. E. and SHOROKHOY, V. V., Biofizika 30: 894, 1985 \ _ Idem., In: Biological Effect of Electromagnetic Fields. Problems of their Use and Standardiza- tion (in Russian) ONTI NTsI, Pushchino, 1986 hearing (h.f-b:h.}-. shysical models poigiat' hole sound range §# na two-contour resoneher bake Rah om the theory. of: ‘hanisms of -heay ates the first ha al and neurophys 0006-3509/88 $10.00 +.00 Biophysics Vol. 33, No. 2, pp. 377-382, 1988 - © 1989 Pergamon Presa plc Minted in Poland DISTRIBUTION OF THE HEAVY CARBON ISOTOPE (!3C) IN BIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS* Ya. M. VARSHAVSKII Institute of Molecular Biology, U.S.S.R. Academy of Sciences, Moscow (Received 8 July 1986) The question of the reasons for the fractionation of the '3C carbon isotope in biological sys- tems is considered, Analysis of the existing experimental data and also theoretical considera- rises, lions indicate that the differences observed in the isotope composition of the carbon of biomo- | » | Ba | } | | i | i * Biofizika 33; No. 2, 351-355, 1988.