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INTRODUCTION
The
investigation of
a phenomenon
known
as
"warm-forming" was
initiated
in January of
1981
and continues
to
the present.
The mechanism used to explore
this
phenomenon
is
a series
of psychokinesis
or PK parties.
A PK party
con-
sists
of approximately 25 persons
of varied backgrounds
gathered
for the purpose
of bending metal
objects
(stainless
steel
silverware,
rods,
bar stock,
etc.)
which
are not otherwise easily deformed.
The
party
lasts between
one
and two
hours
during which
time
each
of the attendees
is
instructed to command
a metal
object
to bend while being
lightly held between
the thumb and index
finger.
The effect which most people experience
at these parties
is that the metal
becomes warm and soft
for
a short period of time.
During this
short
interval
the metal
object
is easily deformed using
little manual
force.
A more
detailed
description
of the
PK party,
its
format
and
the materials
required
is
pro-
vided
in Reference
1.
It has
been speculated
in
Reference
that the momentary warming
and
softening
of the metal
is
caused by the participant's
ability
to transmit
information
into the metal.
Somehow energy
from within
the metal
may cause
intense
local
heating along the grain boundaries
and subsequent slippage when
minimal
or moderate
force
is
applied.
Repeated successes (between
and 90%
of participants experience the
"warm- forming"
phenomenon)
in over 30 PK
parties together with
the explanation
postulated and described
in
detail
in
Reference
has
given
rise
to the question:
Is
it possible
for
a state-change
or
an
annealing-like
process
to occur
in hardened metals
simply
by exposing them
to the environment of
a PK party?
The experiment documented
in
this
report was
conceived
to explore
the
possibility that hardened metals,
repeatedly exposed
to
the
PK party environ-
ment,
could undergo
a change
in
physical
properties.
The participants
at
the
PK parties were not aware
of the experiment.
The experiment was
conducted from
September
15,
1982
to November
19,
1982
and consisted of
a series
of surface
hardness measurements
of high
carbon
steel
samples before
and after exposure
to
the
PK party environment.
These measurements were then
compared with similar
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results
taken
periodically from
a control
sample
that was
purposely isolated
from these
party activities.
The experiment clearly demonstrated
a significant
reduction
in
the exposed group's
tensile strength
properties.
This
reduction
in
tensile
strength,
verified from repeated surface hardness measurements,
is
believed to be the
result of PK Party exposure and the process
is
called
"Remote Annealing Radiation"
or
RAR.
APPROACH
Four high
carbon
steel
hacksaw blades were purchased from
a
local
hardware
store and removed from their protective
covers.
The blades were marked and
divided into two evaluation
groups.
One blade was
chosen
as the
control
sample
and was
isolated
(two mile separation)
from the subsequent series of PK parties.
The other three blades were
chosen
for repeated
(four)
exposures
at these
parties
and were periodically tested using professional
testing equipment
and
procedures.
A simple test set-up was
used
to ensure
repeatability of the pre-
cision hardness measurements
and similarly the samples were maintained
at room
temperature during exposure,
storage,
test, and transportation.
The
control
sample was
tested periodically during the
course of the experiment.
All
three
blades
in the second group were tested on
both
sides of their flat surfaces
to
obtain
an average hardness number after each
RAR exposure.
Figure
shows
the
location of the test points
designated
through
6.
All
these test points
are
located
in
the middle
(between
the top of the blade and the cutting teeth)
of
the blade
to
avoid variations
in
hardness which normally occur near the edges
of
a hacksaw blade.
HARDNESS CHECK POINTS
OPPOSITE SIDE HARDNESS CHECK POINTS
Figure
.
Hardness Test Point Areas
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Table
lists
the
dates
of
all
the events
in
this
experiment.
Note that
the exposed group was
tested twice following the third exposure.
TEST PROCEDURE
Before hardness
testing began,
both
surfaces
of each blade were inspected
for possible discoloration
or other surface
imperfections which might alter or
influence the subsequent surface hardness measurements.
This was accomplished
using
a stereo microscope set
at
a magnification of twenty
(20X).
All
four
blades
appeared to have uniform surface conditions.
A Rockwell
Superficial
Scale
15N
(15
kg.
load,
diamond cone
indenter)
was
used for the hardness measurements.
Before each
test,
the
apparatus was
checked with
a certified
15N-scale hardness
test block
to ensure precision
performance.
Also
the same 2-inch
diameter
anvil
was
used
to support each
test specimen.
Frequent calibration of the test equipment was made
to ensure
precision
hardness measurements.
Each
test of
a sample consisted of six measurements,
three per side
at
the
three
locations
indicated
in
Figure
1.
At the end of each test,
the data were
marked
to indicate the testing
rate,
operating mode,
location number,
date,
time,
and final
cumulative mean
indicated on
the
15N
dial.
TEST
RESULTS
All
test
results
are summarized
in Table
2.
The measurements
taken
at
the beginning of the experiment indicated that the blades
had nearly
the same
initial
hardness.
Periodic testing of the
control
sample over
a two month
interval
revealed that the variability
in
the hardness measurement never
exceeded +
units
on
the
Rockwell
scale.
Examination of the test measure-
ments
associated with
the exposed group
indicates
a persisted reduction
in
hardness
level
accompanied by
a fluctuation
in
test
to test readings
similar
to
that recorded for the
control
sample.
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Table
EVENT SUMMARY
Date
Event
Sep
13,
1982
Sep
15,
1982
Sep
16,
1982
Oct
5,
1982
Oct
6,
1982
Oct
11,
1982
Oct
28,
1982
Nov
1,
1982
Nov
2,
1982
Nov
9,
1982
Nov
10,
1982
Nov
10,
1982
Nov
18,
1982
Nov
19,
1982
Purchased
hacksaw blades
Test hardness of all
blades
1st exposure,
2nd group
PK party
no.
Test hardness
of 2nd group
2nd expsoure,
2nd group PK party
no 0
Test hardness
of control
blade
Test
hardness
of 2nd group
3rd
exposure,
2nd group
PK party
no,
Test hardness of 2nd group
Test hardness
of control
blade
Test hardness
of 2nd group
4th exposure,
2nd group PK party
no.
Test hardness
of control
blade
Test
hardness
of 2nd group
Group
No.
-
Nonexposed
(one blade)
group
Group
No 0
-
Exposed
(three blades)
group
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Table
2A:
Control
Sample
"C"
(Nonexposed)
HARDNESS DATA USING ROCKWELL SUPERFICIAL
15N SCALE
Control
Test
Date
Sample
9-15-82
79.5
10-11-82
79.5
11-09-82
79.5
Average of
Conversion
to
Readings
Tensile Strength
in
psi(3)
-79.0
‘
r=~
167,000
-79.1
167,000
-79.1
6=*
167,000
11-18-82
78.5
-79.1
*=~
167,000
Hardness
numbers
are displayed according
to
the following
pattern
corresponding
to
the test points
shown
in
Figure
1:
(3)
Reference
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Test
Date
9-
15-82
Before
Exposure
10-
05-82
10-28-82
11-
02-82
11-10-82
11-19-82
Table
2B:
HARDNESS DATA
U:
Test Sampl
No. 1
e
73.5
73.5
73.5
Average Value
of 6
Readings
76.0
74.0
73.0
71.5
71.1
69.3
Conversion
to
Tensile Strength
in
psi
(3)
142,000
130,000
124,000
119,000
115,500
106,000
Hardness
numbers
are displayed according
to the following
pattern corresponding
to
the
test points
shown
in
Figure
1:
(3)
Reference
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Table
2C:
Test Sample
No. 2(A)
Exposed
HARDNESS DATA USING ROCKWELL SUPERFICIAL
15N SCALE
Test Sample
Test Date
No.
9-15-82
Before
Exposure
10-05-82
10-28-82
11-02-82
11-10-82
11-19-82
Hardness
numbers. are
pattern
corresponding
Average Value
Conversion
to
of
Readings
Tensile Strength
in
ps i
( 3
)
76.0
t—
142,000
74.0
a-
130,000
71.8
118.500
71.3
118.200
70.1
**-
111,000
69.6
fa-
107,000
displayed according
to the
following
to
the
test points
shown
in
Figure
1:
(3)
Reference
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Table
2D:
Test Sample
No.
3 ()
Exposed
HARDNESS
DATA USING ROCKWELL SUPERFICIAL
15N SCALE
Test Sample
Test
Date
No.
9-15-82
79.5
Before
Exposure
10-05-82
78.5
10-28-82
11-02-82
71.5
71.5
11-10-82
67.5
67.5
11-19-82
Average
Value
Conversion
to
of 6
Readings
Tensile Strength
in
psi
(3)
78.9
166,000
76.2
148,000
73.6
t*
127,000
71,6
^
118,000
71.1
«=»
115,000
70.5
112,000
Hardness
numbers
are displayed according
to the following
pattern
corresponding
to the test points
shown
in
Figure
1:
(3)
Reference
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In
Figure
the test data
are averaged
to eliminate
the test-to-test
variations
and the
Rockwell
scale
readings
converted
to tensile strength
expressed
in
pounds
per square
inch
(Reference
3).
The average
of measurements
taken
on
the
control
sample
and each
of the
test samples
is
displayed over the
duration of the experiment.
The event summary presented
in Table
is
superposed
on
Figure
to provide
a reference
for the measurements.
Subsequent
to
the
first
RAR exposure,
large strength
reduction
of 18,000
psi
occurred
in
Sample
3.
The average
reduction
in tensile strength
following
each
RAR varied between
10,000 and
18,000
psi.
Over the duration of the
experiment
(four RAR exposures)
the tensile strength of Sample
3 was
recuced
by 50,000
psi
while
the other two samples experienced
a 35,000
psi
reduction.
CONCLUSIONS
Annealing definitely occurred
in
the ‘three hacksaw blades
that were
exposed
to
RAR during four PK parties.
The hardness
of the high
carbon
steel
blades
was
reduced,
as
demonstrated by
a
reduction
in tensile strength,
between
35,000 and 50,000
psi
for each of the exposed blades.
The
control
blade
did not vary
from its
original
hardness
level
during the
same
time period
of this
experiment.
The
final
hardness
level
of the exposed blades was
nearly
down
to
the
top of the hardness
range
for annealed steel.
This
range
is
also
shown
on
Figure
2.
If the
results
of this experiment were
to
be duplicated using conventional
methods,
the hacksaw blades would have
to
be placed
in
an annealing
furnace
for
approximately one hour at
a temperature between
1450 and 1525
deg.
F.
Then
they would
be slowly cooled down
to
1200
deg.
F
(50
deg. /hr.).
After reaching
1200
deg.
F,
then
the blades
could
be cooled
in
air down
to room temperature.
This
annealing procedure typically requires eight
to
ten
hours
(Reference
4).
Much experimentation
remains
because
there
are many
unknown
factors
in
how
RAR works.
Many complex human
parameters,
such
as
mental
attitudes.
g
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