ewborms ididate’s cytes in ological of adap- Approved For Release 2000/08/08 : CIA-RDP96-00789R003100280001-7 ELF ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS AS A NEW ECOLOGICAL PARAMETER Temurjants, N.A., Sidyakin, V.G., Makejev, V.B., Simferopol State University, USSR. Vladimirsky, B.M., Crimean Astrophysics Observatory, USSR. Summary A short review of the investigated problem ‘Solar activity and the Bios- phere’ is presented below. The research was being carried out by the Sim- feropol State University, the Crimean Medical Institute and the Crimean Astrophysics Observatory in the years 1972-1985. The main conclusion is that the effect of solar activity upon medical and biological processes can be explained if one takes into account a new essential parameter in ecology ~ an electromagnetic background field at the Earth's surface in the VLF - ELF range. Introduction The problem of the effect of solar activity upon the Biosphere is an old controversy and has had a long history. At present the problem in question hardly seems to attract the attention of scientists. The overwhelming ma- jority of researchers considers the effects of solar activity on the bio- phere to be a myth or at least a pseudoscientific activity of some small groups of ‘adherents’. However, we think that there is no basis for such an opinion. For the last ten years strong empirical evidence of correlations between the indices of solar (geomagnetic) activity and some biological parameters (or medical statistical data) has been obtained. In lots of ca- ses these correlations have a strong statistical significance, they are based on a large body of measurements and have been verified by independant groups in different laboratories. Unfortunately, there is no possibility here to present a full survey of the literature on the problem. Some impor- tant results were published in the collections of the articles edited by Gnevyshev, M.N. and O1', A.I. in 1972 /1/ and 1983 /2/ (one more paper is being prepared: /3/). An extensive discussion of the problem under study is given by the authors of the present paper in their monograph /4/. The interdependence of solar activity variations and biological processes is a widely-spread phenomenon. It has revealed the major divisions of bio- logical systematics including bacteriology, entomology, ornitology, etc. The same type of regularity is observed in many topics of medicine, such as cardiovascular diseases, ophtalmology, nervous system diseases, psychiatry, pediatrics, etc. All the data are conditioned by uncontrolled environ- mental factors. The most essential feature of this operating agent can be defined by comparing the results of various observations. The main peculi- arities are as follows: 1. The operating physical agent penetrates into a laboratory room but it is modified by an electromagnetic screen. 2. This agent is constantly present, and yet it has diurnal and seasonal variations. 3. Some parameters of the agent (intensity?) change with variation of the geographic latitude from the equator to the pole. 4. The modification of the agent parameters due to solar activity vari- ations is controlled both by solar wind variations and ionospheric disturbances. Of all the known physical factors among the above mentioned characteristics 169 i i ale ead eat OA A eR ete Ee nee wert ean, Approved For Release 2000/08/08 : CIA-RDP96-00789R003100280001-7
Speer the variations of the Earth's electromagnetic field intensity in the very low frequency - extremely low frequency range satisfy very well. They are the VLF emission of the magnetosphere, the atmospheric and geomagnetic micropulsations. Nowadays the electromagnetic nature of the operating fac~ tors is established by considering the discovery of the biological sys- tem's very high sensitivity to electromagnetic fields in the VLF range. This discovery seems to be the most important event throughout the long history of investigating the problem in question. We present here a short review including the major results of the inves- tigations done by the researchers of the Simferopol State University, the Crimean Medical Institute and the Crimean Astrophysics Observatory. In this paper we shall confine ourselves to exemplifying the most relevant findings without going into additional details (see also /4/ and the refe- rences therein). Infiuence of very weak electromagnetic fields Several types of experiments with small intensity alternating magnetic fields have been carried out. Fig. 1 shows typical results obtained for pigeons. The birds were exposed to a magnetic field of 8 Hz-frequency (in- tensity — 5000 nT) for 3 hours per day. To test the nervous system perfor- mance the capacity of fulfilling classical conditioned reflexes was used. In fig. 1 this is shown by the upper curves as a function of time (1: mo- del; 2: experiment). One can see some reduction of the reflexes following the exposure to the field (up to 70%). It should be noted that during mag- netic storms the reduction of the reflex performance was also observed (for details see /5/). An influence of alternating magnetic fields on the nervous system of birds measured in different tests was revealed to be de- pendent upon the electromagnetic field parameters. To study these depen- dences large numbers of experiments were carried out. Spectrum measurement of alternating magnetic field Biological activity Special series of experiments were done to study the frequency—dependent field activity. Up to 15 different biological indices for rats were mea~ sured for each value of frequency. Forty frequencies ranging from 0.01 Hz to 100 Hz for the three intensity levels of 5000 nT, 500 nT and 5 nT were analysed. The experiments were carried out in a special screened chamber. An exposure of 3 hour duration was used in each experiment. The typical situation is given in fig.2. Here the ordinate points to the activity of one of the enzymes in the rat's blood. The abscissa indicates frequency (Hz). Vertical lines at the bottom are measures of the statistical signi- ficance of the difference between the model and the experiment. It is evi- dent that the biological effect of the field has a strong dependence upon the frequency: at some frequency values the enzymatic activity is enlarged, at the other it is decreased. Several hundreds of experiments were perfor- med to verify the reproductivity of measurements. As a result, ‘active’ frequencies were revealed. Within the above-mentioned range these frequen- cies are as follows: 0.02 Hz, 0.5-0.6 Hz, 5-6 Hz, 8-11 Hz. One of these ‘active’ frequencies is close to the standard frequency of Pc 3 geomagne- tic micropulsations (0.02 Hz). An other such frequency coincides with the well-known fundamental frequency of the jonospheric waveguide (8 Hz). The activity spectrum has been found out to be partly dependant upon the field intensity. 170 oe cpwnetcppesw tee ose cat og BM CIA-RDP96-00789R003 00280001-7 Fig. unde
Dp at c Fig. 1. Condition reflex (2) and motion reaction time (3) for pigeons under the influence of magnetic fields and under normal conditions (1,4) h je 1,6 - I,e lent Hz are pon 0,4 rged, 1e- ch we o a M4 S233 8 ield ror} OQ Fig. 2. Frequency-dependent magnetic field activity (peroxidase - PO in neutrophyls). 0,01 0,02 0,05 171 oroved For Release 2000/08/08 : CIA-RDP96-00789R003100280001-7
wasn cin oe prumsutninntuianmalbasdsebiebceiredmnad nimaditi tesa ee rr Pr tn ene ee = Foon Le Se LQ ope Pn lpan para amaaar nae Taper pM Spee Pa ey RSA Loy gear wan Approved For Release 2000/08/08 : CIA-RDP96-00789R003100280001-7 f Le somes Sy base ela, ff Conc 30 wit! as it tuat act: by ; Refe I0 3. 0 H 0,1 I My Fig. 3. Correlations between biological effects and field intensity. Interdependence between biological effects and field intensity Special experiments were also carried out to examine the dependence of biological effects upon the field intensity for the only one frequency value. An example is presented in fig. 3. In this case only one isolated frequency was used - 8 Hz. The ordinate shows the glycogen concentration in the rabbit's blood. It is clear that growth in the field intensity gives no rise to stronger biological effects. The presence of a certain optimum intensity in some intensity range is clearly seen in these expe- riments. Thus, the dependence of biochemical or physiological changes upon the field intensity has in general a very complex non-linear form. It is important to mention that while certain biological and biochemi- cal changes were taking place the minimum field intensity for mammalia was as small as 0.2 nT (with a frequency of 8 Hz and an exposure time of . 3 hours). For the electric field the exposure was about 0.1 V/m. Traditionally, biophysicists have considered specific effects of the electromagnetic field in biological tissue to be hardly possible for such small intensities. However, over the past two decades we have been wit- nessing growing awareness that very weak alternate electric and magnetic fields do have clear effects on a living organism. Such effects are, of course, hardly explainable in the simplified terms of Joule heating. A new approach to understanding these results is necessary (a number of reviews on this new branch of investigation, i.e. biological action of non-ionising radiation, are available - see /6/). 172 : ease eal aa ao , eleaSé 2000/08/08 : CIA-RDP96-00789R003100280001-7 ~ ccsmic ane BE Approved For R eee me ce mh A eget ne ARNT EL
| Conclusion Our most relevant conclusion is t within the low frequency - extreme as an essential factor in ecology. tuations are closely related to solar act activity influence upon medical and biolog by taking into account this new ecological agent. hat natural electromagnetic fields low frequency range should be regarded These electromagnetic background fluc~ ivity variations. Thus, the solar ical processes can be explained en vp, ators tanith Wiring ota | wa boo mica References 1. Gnevyshev, M.N., 01', A.I. (Eds.): “Effects of Solar Activity on the Earth's Atmosphere and Biosphere". In: Progr. Sci. Transl., Jerusa- lem, Israel, 1977, 245 p. or In: Moscow, 1971, 224 p. (in Russian). 2, Effects of Solar Activity on Biosphere. In: Problems of Space Biolo- gy. Moscow: Nauka, 1982. Vol. 43, 265 p. (in Russian). 3. Clinical and Biophysical Aspects of Heliobiology. In: Problems of Space Biology. Moscow: Nauka, 1988. Vol. 56, 250 p. (in Russian). 4, Sidyakin, V.G., Temurjants, N.A., Makejev, V.B., Vladimirsky, B.M. (1985): "Space Ecology". Kiev: Naukova Dumka, 176 p. (in Russian). 5. Sidyakin, V.G. (1986): "RFfects of Global Ecological Factors on the Nervous System". Kiev: Naukova Dumka, 159 p. (in Russian). 6. Temurjants, N.A., Vladimirsky, B.M., Tishkin, 0.G. (1989): "Extremely Low Frequency Signals in the World of Biology". Kiev: Naukova Dumka, (in Russian - to be printed). Faenemnanmanvernt A Linen tales dare rbeerdt yecidmersiknbiire ee seelti Abb Neiman fy atten na of zed ton in 9e-
CIP data Koninklijke Bibliotheek, Den Haag Geo-cosmic i Geo-cosmic relations : the earth and its macro-environment + Proceedings of the first internatio- : nal congress on geo-cosmic relations, organized by the Foundation for Study and Research of Environmental Factors (S.R.E.F.), Amsterdam, 19-22 April 1989 / eds. G.J.M. Tomassen.... fetal]. - Wageningen : Pudoc ISBN 90-220-1006-6 geb. SISO 552 UDC 55:524.8 NUGI 829 Subject heading: geo-cosmolagy, 's © Pudoe, Centre for Agricultural Publishing and Documentation, Wageningen, Netherlands, 1990. All rights reserved. Nothing from this publication may be reproduced, stored ina computerized - system or published in any form or in any manner, including electronic, mechanical, repro- graphic or Photographic, without prior written permission from the publisher, Pudoc, P.O. Box 4, 6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands. The individual contributions in this publication and any liabilities arising from them remain the ~ responsibility of the authors. ~ | a Insofar as photocopies from this publication are permitted by the Copyright Act 1912, Article 16B and Royal Netherlands Decree of 20. June 1974 (Staatsblad 351) asamendedin Royal Netherlands Decree of 23 August 1985 (Staatsblad 471 ) and by Copyright Act 1912, Article 17, the legally defined copyright fee for any copies should be transferred to the Stichting Reporecht (P.O. Box 882, 1180 AW Amstelveen, Netherlands). For reproduction of parts of this publication -~R in compilations such as anthologies or readers (Copyright Act 1912, Article 6), permission must - D be obtained from the publisher, ys Printed in the Netherlands.
natio- irch of {et all. lands, erized repro- udoc, ‘in the le 16B tands gaily recht sation must MBE HG HOR WEN ta PRA, A 290 EMEA CL AIOE ON cs-etcA Re O09 Address of the Foundation S.R.E.F.: P.O. Box 84, 6700 AB Wageningen, The Netherlands. Board of Directors of the Foundation S.R.E.F.: Chairman: Drs. W. Beekman Secretary/Treasurer: Ir. G.J.M. Tomassen Members: J.S.H.J.W. Bouma Dr. Ir. E.A. Goewie Prof. Dr. A.A. Knoop Members of the International S.R.E.F. Advisory Board Prof. Dr. B.G. Cumming, Dept. of Biology, Univ. of New Brunswick, Canada. Dr. G. Dean, Subiaco, Western Australia. Prof. Dr. A.P. Dubrov, Library on Natural Science, Acad. of Sciences, Moscow, USSR. Prof. Dr. S. Ertel, /nst. of Psychology, Gottingen University, FRG. Prof. Dr. H.J. Eysenck, /nst. of Psychiatry, Univ. of London, U.K. Dr. P. Faraone, Lab. di Igiene e Profilassi, Roma, Italy. Prof. S.J. Kardas Jr., Laboratorio de Investigaciones Sobre Biorritmos Humanos, La Atlantida, Espana / U.S.A. Prof. Dr. N.V. Krasnogorskaya, Inst. of the Lithosphere, Moscow, U.S.S.R. Dr. D. Mikhov, Inst. of Neurology, Psychiatry, Neurosurgery, Sofia, Bulgaria. Dr. B. Primault, Agro- and Bio-meteorologist, Ziirich, Switzerland. Dr. M.F. Ranky, Central Research Inst. of Physics, Budapest, Hungary. Prof. Dr. J.P. Rozelot, Centre d’ études et de recherches geo-dynamique et astronomi- que, Grasse, France. Prof. Dr. P.A.H. Seymour, Dept. of Marine Science and Technology, Polytechnic South West, Plymouth, U.K. R. Swenson, Director of the Center for Study of Complex Systems, New York, U.S.A. Dr. N.V, Udaltsova, Inst. of Biophysics, Moscow, U.S.S.R. Dr. T. Zeithamer, Geophysical Inst., Acad. of Sciences, Praha, Czechoslovakia.
al Gardens te of ‘ansvelt, ‘Ideman, ., retired de 1; Prof. r. B.CJ. the nental rtment of Contents Editorial introduction, conclusions and remarks — /r. G.J.M. Tomassen, editor and secretary-treasurer of the Foundation for Study and Research of Environmental Factors (SREF) Opening Address by the Rector of the University of Wageningen — Prof. Dr. H.C. van der Plas Opening Speech by the Chairman of the Congress — Prof. Drs. J.D. van Mansvelt, Dept. of Ecological Agriculture, Wageningen University Introductory papers Dynamics of the solar system — W. de Graaff Radiation in our environment, from the atmosphere and from space — E. Wedler Biological cyclicity in relation to some astronomical parameters: a review — B.G. Cumming Biological clocks and the role of subtle geophysical factors -H.M. Webb Man in a rhythmic universe — A.A. Knoop Water as receptor of environmental information: a challange to reproducibility in experimental research. The Piccardi scientific endeavour — C. Capel-Boute Application to climatic variations of the energy transfer between the earth and the sun: the new concept of helioclimatology —J.P. Rozelot The earth and its macro-environment, a multi-disciplinary approach The possible influence of some astro-physical factors on micro-organisms — P. Faraone Lunar cycle and nuclear DNA variations in potato cailus or root meristem — M. Rossignol, S. Benzine-Tizroutine and L. Rossignol Cellular effects of low level microwaves — W. Grundler 11 31 56 65 75 92 103 105 116 127
———___ Appro ge Quantitative evaluation of the geomagnetic activity —D. Mikhov Ovulation and seasons - Vitality and month-of-birth —P.H. Jongbloet Note on human response to the lunar synodic cycle — N. Kollerstrom Influence of abiotical ecological factors on daily rhythm activity of mitochondrial and lysosomal ferments of blood leucocytes in human ontogenesis — N. Kacergiené, N. Dailidiene and R. Vernickaite ELF electromagnetic fields as a new ecological parameter — N.A. Temuryants, V.G. Sidyakin, V.B. Makejev, B.M. Viadimirsky The possible gravitational nature of factors influencing discrete macroscopic fluctuations — N.V, Udaitsova, V.A. Kolombet and §.E. Shnoll Macroscopic fluctuations with discrete Structure distributions as a result of universal causes including cosmophysical factors — S.E. Shnoll, N.V. Udaltsova and N.B. Bodrova Geo-cosmic relations and some aspects of their realization — N.V. Krasnogorskaya and G.Ya. Vasilyeva Influence of solar activity on ELF sferics of 3 Hz range —/. Orményi Links between moon phases and ELF atmospherics of 3 Hz range — f Orményi Possible influence of equinoxes and solstices on ELF sferics of 3 Hz. range ~ I, Orményi Analysis of weak magnetic field effects of the Piccardi test and Belousov- Zhabotinsky reaction — L. P. Agulova, A.M. Opalinskaya Relationships between the electromagnetic VLF-radiation of the atmosphere and chemical as well as biochemical processes — J, Eichmeier and H. Baumer Periodicities of meteorological parameters at Schiermonnikoog. A simple explanation — H.F. Vugts Mars and temperature-changes in the Netherlands: an empirical study — J.W.M. Venker and M.C. Beeftink 135 143 157 161 169 174 181 189 198 206 210 214 223 233 240 toa Resc and « Non! funct Struc Geo-: matte Anat screet Unde: of rea Abstr How ¢ Basis «