Title:
DECREE TRANSFORMING USSR MEDICAL
ACADEMY INTO RUSSIAN ACADEMY
Primary Source:
Meditsinskaya gazeta,
Jan-
uary 29,
1992,
No.
(5232),
p.
1,
col.
Abstract:
The text
Is published of a de-
cree of the
President of the Russian
Fed-
eration transforming the USSR Academy of
Medical
Sciences
into the Russian Academy
of Medical
Sciences.
This decree
is dated
January' 4,
1992.
The decree states
in particular that
the Russian academy
is
the
rightful
succes-
sor to the USSR Academy of Medical
Sciences
and operates
on principles of self-adminis-
tration
in accordance with the academy's
own charter and
laws of the Russian
Federa-
tion.
All
of the members of the USSR acad-
emy are considered members of the Russian
academy
(with their consent)
and
retain
their titles of
full
and corresponding mem-
bers.
The decree further stipulates
that
the Russian academy
Is assigned the func-
tions of organizing and coordinating medi-
cal
science
in
the Russian
Federation,
de-
termining and formulating
key directions of
basic
and applied medicine and training
highly qualified scientific personnel.
Scientific research
Institutes,
laborato-
ries,
research
centers,
organizations and
enterprises
under the jurisdiction of the
Russian academy are not subject
to privati-
zation.
Paragraph
Four of the decree contains
provisions
in regard
to financing activi-
ties of the Russian academy's organiza-
tions;
supplying them with materials
and
equipment;
tax and duty exemptions
for the
purpose of stimulating
the advancement of
medical
science and the training of scien-
tific personnel;
and bringing earnings of
academy members and personnel
of academy
institutions
into
line with those
in the
Russian Academy of Sciences.
Paragraph
Five calls
upon
the Russian Ministry of
Health
and the Russian Academy of Medical
Sciences jointly to prepare
a
list of sci-
entific research
institutes,
laboratories,
research centers,
enterprises
and other or-
ganizations which
support research
in main
directions of basic and applied medicine
and are subject
to transfer to the Russian
academy's jurisdiction.
(SNAP 920324)
*
*
*
*
Author:
Frolov,
Dmitriy
Title:
DEVELOPER OF MILITARY LASER EQUIP-
MENT. TURNS TO CIVILIAN PROJECTS
Primary Source:
Nezavisimaya gazeta,
Feb-
ruary 26,
1992,
No.
(209),
p.
6,
cols.
5-8
Extract:
Far from every defense scientific
research
institute can boast of having
had
a part
in
such
large-scale projects
as de-
velopment of
a space military laser —
a
key component of
a Soviet
"Star Wars"
pro-
gram.
This gas-dynamic
unit was
not
intended
originally for such
specific purposes.
At
the moment when
It appeared,
early
In the
1970s,
a capacity of
100
kilowatts was
an
achievement
in
Itself.
However,
it
is
not
difficult
to imagine that this
unit's
abil-
ity to cut metal
plates
as thick
as
a
human
finger gave
rise
In the imagination
to mil-
itary pictures which were just
as
impres-
sive
as destroying
a factory and cutting
up
airplanes
In flight.
The gas
laser most
likely was only one of
a number of contend-
ers
for the
role of
a
space hyperboloid;
however,
It
had
real
chances of becoming
one,
in
the opinion of specialists.
The
downfall
of the orbiting station
"Skif"
on
which
it was proposed
to conduct tests
in
line with
this program,
the well-known po-
litical
changes which
have taken place
in
our country and the world,
and also materi-
al
circumstances prevented the project from
being completed;
the prototype of the
Approved For Release 2003/09/10
: CIA-RDP96-00792R000500430003-3
Approved For Release 2003/09/10
: CIA-RDP96-00792R000500430003-3
super-weapon
Is
still
on the territory of
the
Institute of Thermal
Processes
(NIITP).
Contract work on selection of industrial
welding conditions
is now being done with
the aid of this
laser.
Literally
a stone's throw from
It
Is
still
another of the Institute's points of
interest.
Inside the rebuilt three-story
building of
a former boiler house
Is
a gi-
gantic laser whose average rated power
reaches
10 megawatts.
Each of
Its nine
beams
is
as thick
as
a
hand.
By means of
a
system of mirrors,
these beams are combined
into
a single beam which
Is only
50 milli-
meters
In diameter.
This structure
Is
In-
tended
for experiments
aimed
at developing
a space
laser engine.
Its operating prin-
ciple
is
fairly simple:
a gas
such
as
hy-
drogen
serves
as
a working medium which
creates jet thrust.
This gas expands
In
an
engine chamber under the beam of the giant
laser,
which
is on
the ground.
It
is quite
obvious
that for such
a
'simple'
principle
to be put
into practice,
unbelievably com-
plex technical
solutions must be carried
out
and appropriate amounts
spent.
In
1991,
this program was
shut down for a long
time,
if not
forever.
Both of the aforementioned curiosities
are
located on premises which NIITP-FOR,
a
scientific production association with
lim-
ited
liability,
is now leasing.
This
firm,
which considers
itself to be carrying on
the
school
of Keldysh and
Petrov,
sprang
up
in
a department of the
institute,
is oper-
ating on the basis of intellectual
property
amassed there and
is using equipment of the
institute.
This commercial
division's
sphere of activities
not only lies outside
"defense
industry" which no one needs now
but
is not connected with
large-scale pro-
jects which
involve ultra-advanced science.
The direction which
is considered the most
promising here
(in
the sense not of long-
range prospects but,
on
the contrary,
of
real
and guaranteed profitability)
is thus
development of gas
heat generators —
units
for decentralized heating of residential
buildings.
"The technical
tasks which
have to be
accomplished are just as complex and
inter-
esting
as before,"
said Gennadiy Yevseyev,
director of NIITP-FOR.
"There are
a con-
siderable number of fields
in which our ex-
perience
is proving useful.
A unit
for
extinguishing fires
at
oil
and gas wells
gradually covers them with metal,
using
a
supersonic jet.
There are other ideas,
too."
(SNAP 920324)
*
*
*
*
Author:
Belikov,
Viktor
Title:
PRODUmON OF TU-160 AND TU-95 MS
MILITARY AIRPLANES DTSCONTTMED
Primary Source:
Izvestiya,
February
24,
1992,
No.
(23620),
p.
8,
cols.
1-2
Extract:
In accordance with
an
understand-
ing reached during recent negotiations
in
Moscow between
B.
Yeltsin and
J.
Baker,
production of our Air Force's most powerful
combat aircraft —
the TU-160 supersonic
missile-carrying airplane
and the TU-95 MS
long-range turboprop bomber —
is
being
discontinued.
Both
are strategic offensive
weapons,
as are the American B-2
supersonic
[bombers],
production of which
has
also
been
halted.
For many years,
the TU-95 MS was
the
basis of our long-range aviation.
This
airplane,
which was developed 40 years
ago,
underwent modernizations
and was being
equipped with the latest
systems.
The
TU-114 transcontinental
airliner was built
on
its basis and used for
a long time.
The
airplane's modern version,
which
is
equipped for aerial
refueling,
is capable
of being airborne for more than
24 hours,
flying at
a
speed of about 850 kilometers
an hour with 40 tons of combat cargo on
board.
The supersonic TU-160
is
a rather re-
cent development,
as
is
shown by
its aero-
dynamic design,
variable-sweep wings
and 4
turbojet engines,
which ensure
a speed of
2,200 kilometers
an hour at
a takeoff
weight of 280 tons.
More than
100 onboard
computers
help the
2 pilots,
navigator and
operator to make
flights
from one hemi-
sphere to another.
Instead of
[building]
the TU-95 MS,
the Kuybyshev aircraft builders will
be
able to go
into true mass production of the
intermediate-range TU-154M,
which
is
in
good demand both
here and abroad.
The
Ka-
zan aircraft plant will
replace the TU-160
by additional
production of the
long-range
IL-62M and will
subsequently begin quantity
Approved For Release 2003/09/10
: CIA-RDP96-00792R000500430003-3
Approved For Release 2003/09/10
: CIA-RDP96-00792R000500430003-3
production of the
latest Tu-204s.
The TU-95 MS could become flying labo-
ratories and could also be used
as
an ef-
fective carrier of containers with
a fire-
extinguishing mixture
in putting out forest
fires
in
the taiga.
From on board the TU-160 missile-car-
rying airplane,
small
satellites or cargo
spaceships can be orbited
like from
a
fly-
ing cosmodrome.
Use of such
a system,
which
has been given
the name
"Burlak"
(barge hauler),
will
cost only
a fraction
of the expense of using ground-based
launch
faci
1 i ties.
(SNAP 920324)
*
*
*
*
Author:
Konovalov,
Boris
Title:
"NUCLOTRON" WITH SUPERCONDUCTING
SYSTEM COMMISSIONED AT OIYal
Primary Source:
Izvestiya,
February 25,
1992,
No.
(23621),
p.
2,
cols.
1-6
Extract:
The famous Joint
Institute for
Nuclear Research
(OIYal)
in Dubna
is enter-
ing
a new phase of
its development.
It
formerly received researchers and trained
personnel
for the socialist camp.
It
is now beginning
to perform the
role of a
'forge of personnel'
for the
countries of the Commonwealth of Indepen-
dent States
(CIS).
Russia,
Ukraine and
Belarus
have already joined OIYal,
Kazakh-
stan
has applied,
and Georgia and Latvia
are showing
interest.
Researchers
from
Western countries
-- Germany and
Italy
--
are also taking an active part
in the
in-
stitute's work.
The current
interest
in Dubna
is also
enhanced by the
impending expansion of the
research capabilities of the Laboratory of
High-Energy
Physics,
which
is headed by
A.
M.
Baldin.
This
laboratory's main
in-
strument was
the synchrophasotron — the
world's
first big accelerator,
which was
created even before the
invention of strong
focusing of particle beams and therefore
required
a giant magnet.
The laboratory came
up with the
idea
of developing
a modern accelerator making
use of the phenomenon of superconductivity,
in which current flows without
losses,
which means that practically
no electric
power needs
to be expended.
Recently,
there was
at the laboratory
a technological
start-up of the nuclotron
—
an accelerator with
a superconducting
system,
which
is capable of accelerating
even the heaviest nuclei
of elements
through
uranium.
The start-up with
a par-
ticle beam was successful.
This
fully con-
firmed the correctness of the designs of
the new accelerator,
which
incorporates the
latest advances of modern physics
and tech-
nology,
including many unique inventions of
Dubna scientists.
No special
building was built for the
nuclotron.
Because of
its
small
cross
sec-
tion,
it was
installed underneath
the
syn-
chrophasotron
in the service tunnel
built
some time ago for the giant accelerator's
wiring.
Advanced technology makes
it pos-
sible to create
in the narrow space where
the particles
fly
a vacuum like that of
in-
terplanetary space.
For the cryogenic
sys-
tem,
heavy-duty units were created for pro-
ducing liquid helium,
by means of which the
ultralow temperature necessary for the op-
eration of the niobium-titanium supercon-
ductors
is maintained.
Production of the
superconducting cable was organized
in
Ust-
Kamenogorsk.
One-fourth of circular accelerator has
now been fully assembled
and checked
for
performance.
The rest
is
at the stage of
alignment of magnet
sections,
which
re-
quires the highest accuracy.
Academician
A.
M.
Baldin believes that
the nuclotron will
become fully operational
this year and that the synchrophasotron can
then become
a museum piece.
The new accel-
erator will
enable Dubna
to remain
for
about
15 more years
at the forefront of
work
in high-energy nuclear physics.
(SNAP 920324)
*
*
*
*
Author:
Grinis,
L.
Title:
INSTITUTE DEVELOPS PROCESSES FOR
METAL-COATING PLASTICS
Primary Source:
EMo Litvy,
October 22,
1991,
No.
206
(14585),
p.
1,
cols.
1-2;
p.
2,
cols.
2-4
Extract:
Scientists of the
Institute of
Chemistry and Chemical
Engineering have
within
the
last
few years developed
a num-
ber of high-strength plastics
and modern
Approved For Release 2003/09/10
: CIA-RDP96-00792R000500430003-3
Approved For Release 2003/09/10
: CIA-RDP96-00792R000500430003-3
technologies which make
It possible
to
economize
on metal
or do entirely without
it.
I
talked with Candidate of Chemical
Sciences
L.
Narushkyavlchyus,
one of the
authors of the new process of palladium-
free metal
coating of plastics,
at the gal-
vanization department of the institute's
experimental
facility.
In the
last
few
years many
kinds of plastics
have success-
fully undergone
'hardening'
at this facili-
ty.
He
said that the process
involves the
application of
a special
coating to plastic
parts,
as
a result of which they become
equivalent
to metal
parts
in their techni-
cal
characteristics.
The new technological
method of metal
coating of plastics makes
it possible
to
achieve yet another advantage — esthetics.
Parts made of such material
look very at-
tractive.
The range of their uses
is very
wide:
from motor-vehicle building
to
small
radio components
and various plastic orna-
ments.
I.
Bachyulene
heads the facility's
analytical -chemistry laboratory.
Under her
supervision,
every stage of the process de-
veloped by the scientists passes through
a
laboratory inspection,
the degree of acidi-
ty of the electrolytes
is carefully mea-
sured,
and the potential
of coatings
for
elasticity and even
luster
is checked.
Parts go on
to the galvanization de-
partment only after scrupulous analyses
and
checks.
Industrial
engineer
V.
Zhllenene
is
fully
in charge
here.
She explained
that
several
processes which were developed
by scientists of the
institute are being
perfected
here,
including the one described
at the beginning of this
report.
The
institute
has
sold
a number of new
technologies
to Western
firms.
User coun-
tries
include Bulgaria,
Poland,
Czecho-Slo-
vakia,
Romania,
Germany and the United
States.
(A photograph
is given showing
I.
Ba-
chyulene measuring the degree of acidity of
electrolytes with
a
pi pet.)
(SNAP 920324)
*
*
*
*
Title:
CYTOGENETICS LABORATORY AT ECOLOGI-
CAL-MEDICINE CENTER
Primary Source:
Meditsinskaya gazeta,
Feb-
ruary 26,
1992,
No.
(5240),
p.
2,
cols.
1-3
Extract:
A Center for Ecological
Medicine
(Tsentrem)
has been created
in
St.
Peters-
burg.*
This public and state organization
has been formed
at the Military Medical
Academy
imeni
Kirov.
The center has consolidated scientific
and practical
experience for the examina-
tion,
treatment and rehabilitation of
indi-
viduals affected by radiation,
chemical
and
bacteriological
accidents
and disasters.
It
is planned to accept
here
up
to
1,000
patients
at the same
time.
Even
now,
more
than
200 people
are undergoing examination
and treatment
at the center,
most of whom
were
involved
in the elimination of the
consequences of the Chernobyl
accident.
"Tsentrem"
will
become
a comprehensive
institution
for the diagnosis and treatment
of consequences of the
impact of ecological
factors
on
human
health.
Special
attention
is given to the early diagnosis and preven-
tion of diseases.
(A photograph
is given showing
L.
Mav-
rltsyna,
a junior science associate,
and
a
laboratory assistant
in
a cytogenetics
lab-
oratory.
They are determining biological
doses of irradiation
to which patients
have
been exposed.)
*See also the Daily SNAP,
August
29,
1991,
p.
2,
col.
(SNAP 920324)
*
*
*
*
Title:
S.
R,
RAFIKOV
(obituary)
Primary Source:
Kazakhstanskaya pravda,
January 23,
1992,
No.
(20944),
p.
4,
cols.
7-8
Extract:
The republic's
scientific commu-
nity has
suffered
a grave
loss.
Doctor of
Chemical
Sciences,
Professor Sagid Raufo-
vich
Raflkov,
an eminent chemist,
died on
January
20,
1992,
at the age of
79.
He was
a member of the Kazakhstan Republic Academy
of Sciences
and
a corresponding member of
the USSR Academy of Sciences.
During World War
II,
S.
R.
Rafikov did
work involving the solution of problems
of
the defense
industry.
S.
R.
Rafikov's
scientific and
sci-
Approved For Release 2003/09/10
: CIA-RDP96-00792R000500430003-3
Approved For Release 2003/09/10
: CIA-RDP96-00792R000500430003-3
ence-organlzatiori work
In Kazakhstan began
In
1947 at the republic Academy of Sci-
ences'
Institute of Chemical
Sciences,
where he was
Invited by academician
K.
I.
Satpayev.
Heading the petroleum laborato-
ry,
S.
R.
Raflkov conducted productive
re-
search
in the field of petroleum chemistry
and the chemistry of plastics,
polymers and
intermediate products
for their synthesis
from different
raw materials,
including
wastes of major industrial
enterprises.
Extensive studies were conducted with
his
participation,
laboratories of the physical
chemistry and physical
and mechanical
prop-
erties of polymers
and
Ion-exchange
resins
were opened,
and subsequently
a department
of high-molecular compounds was created.
In
1962,
S.
R.
Rafikov was elected
a
full
member of the
Kazakh Academy of Sciences.
The results of the basic research per-
formed by
S.
R.
Rafikov and
his students
have become the basis
for
Its practical
Im-
plementation and
for the creation of new
multipurpose polymeric materials.
For his services
to the country and
the republic,
academician Sagid Raufovich
Rafikov was awarded the orders of the
Red
Banner of Labor and of the Friendship of
Peoples and medals of the USSR,
and he was
elected deputy of the USSR Supreme Soviet
of a number of convocations.
(The obituary
is submitted by the pre-
sidium of the Kazakhstan Republic Academy
of Sciences and the academy's section of
chemical -engineering
sciences.
A photo-
graph of S.
R.
Rafikov
is given.)
(SNAP 920324)
*
*
*
*
Comments
should be addressed
to:
FASTC/DXLT
Attn:
Roger Crozier
WPAFB,
OH 45433-6508
Additions or deletions
to the distribution
list should be addressed
to:
FASTC/DXLP
Attn:
Mary Washington
WPAFB,
OH 45433-6508
Recipients of the Daily SNAP are advised
that SNAP
is
intended solely for U.S.
gov-
ernment agencies
and their designated con-
tractors.
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