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ENGLISH TITLE OF TRANSLATION
Instructional
Material
of the Qigong Medical
School
Explanation Of QIGONG Terms
PAGE NOS. TRANSLATED FROM ORIG DOC.
full
text
FOREIGN TITLE OF TRANSLATION
AUTHOR IS)
Ma
Li -Da
FOREIGN TITLE OF DOCUMENT
(Complete only
if di//erenf from
title of
translation)
PUBLISHER
I DATE AND PLACE OF PUBLICATION
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Immunology Research
Center
COMMENTS
TRANSLATION
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INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIAL OF THE QIGONG MEDICAL
SCHOOL
EXPLANATION OF QIGONG TERMS
by
Ma Li-Da
Beijing Chinese Immunology Research Center
(Qigong is
"a system of deep breathing exercises"added here
by the translator)
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WHAT
IS QIGONG?
In
order
to
make
clear
what
qigong
is,
we
first
introduce
historical
literature:
The
Chinese
Qigong
Dictionary.
People's
Health
Publishing
Company,
September
1988,
P.
108.
1.
Coming
from
"Ling- Jian-Zi"
,
it
has
two
sides
of
explanation
(1)
Pointing to adjustment of body and adjustment of breath,
it means
arts
of making mind and figure harmonious and making yin-
yang
balanced.
(in
other
words,
it
means
a
technique
of
maintaining
the
body
in
a
stable
state
through
its
own
functions).
Taoists:
Cultivating
one’s
mind
and
training
one’s
character,
while maintaining one-self,
obtain
the whole thing-in-
itself
,
and cultivate
the
spirit
and
the
figure
of
the
th-nig-in-
itself.
"A wise man
(sage)
embraces
it and make it
as
if the whole
land under
the heaven;"
"all materials
are ying and grab
yin,
and
they
are
charged
with
energy
and
become
reconciled;"
"ponder
utmost and hold tranquility."
(Laozi)
.
Confucians:
Cherish mind
and
nourish
character,
hold
inside
the
thing— in-itself
,
pass
through
the
thing-in-itself
and
harmonize
with
the
life
of
the
thing-in-itself
.
"joy,
anger,
comfort or sorrow would not occur;
this
is
called happy medium.
If
they
occur,
they
all
are middle;
it
is called harmony.
The medium
is
the origin undei
the heaven,
harmony
is
the
course
for
all
under
the
heaven.
When
the medium
and
harmony
are
achieved,
the
heaven
and
earth
are
propeily
situated
and
all
things
grow."
(The
Doctrine
of
the
Mean).
Buddhists:
Clear mind can see
the nature.
In the empty tning-m-
itself the thing-in-itself
as
a whole returns and
becomes the mind
of
empty thing-in-itself.
"Color does not
lead to
emptiness,
and
the
emptiness
does
not
lead
to
color,
but
color
is
the
emptiness
and
the.
emptiness
is
color,
.
.
.
all
ideas
have
no
appearance;
if
they
are
not
born,
they
do
not
die
out;
if
they
are
not
soiled,
they do not become clean;
and if they do not increase, they
do not 'decrease
. "
(The Doctrine
of
the Mind).
(2)
Points to the art of adjusting breath.
(Life Elongation
and
Secret
of
Embryo Breath):
True male
and true
female
animals
breath
themselves,
like
spring
fish
and
many
insects,
breath
happily
and harmoniously.
Not muddled,
nor
clean;
no
mouth,
nor
nose;
not
leaving,
nor
coming;
not
exiting,
nor
entering;
and
returning
to the origin,
this
is
the true embryo breathing."
2.
"From
the
nature,
the
definition
of
qigong
is
induced
as
follows:
(
The History of Chinese Qigong compiled by Li Zhi-Yong.
published by Kenan
Science
and Technology Publishing
Company,
p.
2)
.
At
present,
our
country's
qigong
circle
is
in
the
stage
of
debate
about
the
concept
of
"qigong."
According
to
the
"conceptual"
norm,
Li
Zhi-Yong induced the
following points:
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The mankind makes
it the main objective to enhance his body’s
harmonious
coordination.
Qigong
is
the
process
of
training body
and mind mainly through adjusting the mind,
adjusting the breath,
and adjusting shapes."
According to this theory,
qigong itself must be equipped with
the following three characteristics:
(1)
This must be the major activity process of
a man himself.
It
involves
movement
of
thought,
breath
and
shape.
Among
them,
movement
of
thought
always
occupies
the
leading
role.
(2)
The
above-mentioned movement
must have
objective,
must
have intention and plan.
This would distinguish from the animal’s
instinct
.
(3)
Such movements should be directly beneficial of the man's
mental and physical health,
for example,
enhancing the vitality of
the
body,
strengthening
the
resistance
against
diseases
and
self
curing
capacity,
increasing
the
intelligence
of
cerebrum,
stimulating
latent capability of
the body,
etc.
All
told,
we
can
call
"qigong"
all
the
methods
leading
to
breathing
conditions,
enabling
the body
and mind
like
one whole,
making
the cuter
side
and self
forget
each other,
and
so
on.
3.
The Concept
of Qigong
(Scientific
Base
of
Qigong,
compiled
by
Xie
Huan-Zhang,
published by Beijing Science
and Engineering University Publishing
Company),
p.
1.
The definition and the concept of qigong do not have an agreed
upon theory until
today.
Some people try to understand qigong from
its meanings
of
the
Chinese
characters.
They
argue
that,
"Qi"
has
the
meaning
of
representing
breath,
and
"Gong"
means
exercises
and
piactices.
They translate
it into English
as "Breath Exercise"
and many books
use
this
title.
And,
some
other
people
call
qigong
as
follows:
"A
kind
of
method
of
training
in
rest."
And,
some other people
like
to
say
that qigong
is
"a kind of psychological therapeutical method."
At
the time when qigong was born
and established,
it was not
called
qigong.
The
two
characters
of
qigong
can
be
found
very
rarely
in ancient exercise books.
The origin of
the term qigong and
a kind of philosophy of the
era of the Warring States
--
"Qilun"
-- have
a close relationship.
"Qilun"
says that birth and growth and changes
of all things
in the
universe
are
all
functions
of
qi.
Since the birth
of
"Qilun"
it
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has gradually become
the
leading
idea
of
the Chinese medicine
and
health
.
(Mencius)
started proposing:
"Raising noble
spirit."
(Xun-Zi)
proposed:
"Technique
of
harmonizing
breath
and
cultivating mind."
In
( Ling-Shu) some
thing
whose
contents
are health
is
called
"Xing-Qi."
(Xing-Qi
means
performs
Qi,
this
is
provided by
the
translator).
(Xing-Qi
Yupeiming,
the
inscription
of
Xing-Qi),
which
is thing of the era of the Warring States excavated after the
Liberation,
is
the
inscription
of
the exercises
of
Qi made during
the
era.
In the
Jin Dynasty
(265-420
AD)
first used formally "Qigong"
as
the terms
of
technique
and study
of health.
In
( Yuanhuopian)
published during the Ching Dynasty,
there
is
a
chapter
entitled
(Qigong Buji).
(Here Buji
means
supplemental
collection)
.
In
1934 Hanzhou
(province)
published
a book entitled
(Qigong
Therapy)
.
Since Qigong sprouted more than 4,000
years
ago,
wiitings
on
the methods
of Qigong and the
like have appeared gradually.
At
first,
the mechanism
of Qigong
came
about
in
relation
to
ancient philosophies
and medical
theories.
During
the
eras
of
Sui
Dynasty
(581-618)
and Tang
Dynasty
(618-907), when religions were, popular, Qigong was also
a religious
appendage
and increased elements
of mysteries.
After that,
Qigong was used also
in the military
arts.
J
Therefore,
discussions
of
Qigong
are
scattered .around
in
| medical
,
Confucian,
Taoisti c and Buddhistic and m ilitary theorie s.
|J Thus,
there
is no one unified theory;
there
is
no independent
and
I established field of
learning
as
the Qigong ei ther.
WHAT
IS QI?
((Chinese Medical Encyclopedia
)
p.
14,
published by Shanghai
Science
and Technology Publishing Company,
August
1988).
1.
(Nanjing.
Eanan
say:
(1)
"Qi
is
the origin
of
the man."
Qi has elements
of inborn nature and postnatal nature.
Zhang Jie-
Bin
says:
"The
inborn
nature
is
the
true
Qi
and
gasifies
into
nothingness and shape
is formed from Qi,
and this Qi comes from the
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the
energy
of
(energy)
.
and
conservation
Shesheng (Conservation of
midst
of
nothingness.
The
postnatal
nature
is
vigour,
it
gasifies
at
the valley
and
shape becomes
Qi
This
energy comes
from
the midst
of
adjustment
of "health
. "
((Leijing
(Reference book)
health),
note)
The
energy
of
the
inborn
Qi
is
the
vital
eneigy
( Yuanqi
)
,
and
it
is
inherited from parents,
degrees
of vigour
of
yuanqi
(the
vital
energy)
determines
life
span
and
health
conditions;
therefore,
Shi Jian-Wu of
the Tang Dynasty
says:
Qi
is
the
medicine
of
adding
age
and
like
life-continuing
lawn by
moistening
.
Since
Qi
is
distributed
at
various
parts
of
the human body,
they
have
different
characteristics
of
origin
and
function.
Because
of
this,
in
the
medicine
also
there
are
distinctions
of
zongqi
(principal
qi),
nutritional
qi,
hygiene qi,
liver qi,
piqi
(disposition),
kidney
qi,
and xinqi
(energy
of mind)
,
etc.
Bn
,
Xu
Ling-Tai
of
the
Ching Dynasty
says
that
they
aie
ul
P a
u
yuanqi
(the
energy
of
vitality).
He
says:
"Five
intestine ^have
the true essences
of
the five intestine;
and they are parts
o.
the
yuanqi
(the
energy
of
vitality,
or
the
original
qi)
.
And
the
location of
its origin
is what the Taoist bibles calls
as dantian.
(Nanjing)
calls
it
as
gate
of
life.
Yin-yang
rests
there,
breathing
system
rests
in
it.
And,
the
original
fire
can ord
.
all bodies warm.
The original water can order
the
five intestine
all
to be
smooth.
In that
is
one line
and the line of
the
qi
does
not
perish."
(Study
on
Origin
and
Development
of
Medicine)
calls
this
as
the
essence
(pojingpi).
Note:
(Neijing)
In
the
medical
books,
the
study
of
yuanqi
(the energy
of
vitality)
is
seen
first
in
(Nanjing),
and
it
says:
"The breath between ribs under the navel
is
the
life
of
a man
an
it
is
the
origin
of
the
twelve
channels;
therefore
it
is
called
yuan
(origin).
Three
focuses
are
the another name
of
the yuanqi.
Yuan is the honorific title of the three focuses."
This theory has
a profound influence upon the study of Qigong.
in the ancient literature on Qigong,
always the Qi
of
yuanqi
was copied as
"
so
as
to distinguish
it
from the Qi
of post
natal
Qi.
In the study of Qigong, Yuanqi
is also called "Original
Ancestor,"
and
it
points
out
mainly
that
it
is
the
energy
of
circulation
of
embryo
breath
(the
potential
~~~~~
inside).
And,
the postnatal Qi
mainly points
to the Qi
of bieath
(outer
breath).
The
"
of
the
inborn
Qi
_ is
the
inner
Qi
latently
stored,
while
the post
natal
Qi
is manifested
in
the
Qi
of
breath.
Therefore,
Wang
Tao-Yuan
said:
"Stored
one
is
-?C--
( Yuanqi
)
,
while
the
manifested
is
Qi
written
(Qi
®
breath)
.
( (Ruyaojing)
Note)
In
the human body,
the
inborn
and
the post natal
Qi cannot be separated.
After one's birth
"
falls
to
become
dantian,"
and
becomes
"the
origin
of
breath.
When
people
breath,
"the
original
inborn
will
not
till
tne
whole.
Without
the post natal
Qi,
the yuan will
see
the
inborn
-
-t~
flows;
without
the
inborn
Qi,
it
will
make
the post natal
Qi
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i
sJMi sz&s;. ;
Ssaw
“fatijfngt; sof t .VSont“ wuV“Vr. circulating .»othlY,
and the
mind and body
experience
self.
The
three
things
of
essence,
qi
and
mind
are
"the
natural
eSph«i«s grand
?; slyll "SSeS*""“^^r^wev'er
finding
the
three
of ...•«•
' ^Ufy
a l l things Sr the heaven
the
three,
qi come*
fitst.
.
P™J
ls du e to
it and also the
are generated by qi;
so that livrng thing
i
g
rtant
and
1£
one
raluefSueli,
it^s^the^ay of
prolonging his
life."
(.Leiging
.
Yunqilei)
Note).
in
(Linashujing
.
Jueqipain)
qi
is
said
as
follows:
What
is
lihe 'f in^dew™Thi^Ts cdhdqn''
Q^his^he "function of filling
m.-var~r
is
h-eA
h
ih
s
well
.
for example,
m (Naming)
P
H
a.
Hc
a*ic\-
The human
tor example,
in
— -----
.
r.
.
id
.
The human
sr£-t;
f
-
if
rtitnprsed
he will
die."
And,
in
(Taipingjxng)
it
is
said.
element
°Peni
:
ng
the heUn^fth^oot'o?
S !i
and life
is connected to
it,
and
it
is born
from the mind
'
J*
^
...
v
n Tli 0
wsiv
( dso
)
is Qi/
in stint 3 ininQ Qi
i*-
a2h;^d?."
he^e
y
fam
a
o
n
u
ds^
Jingyue induced and said:
"A human being has
iife,
this
is
nH
«»
i jinavue
Collections).
Such
a
qi
can
oe
seen
°
energy
of
vitality"
or
"true
qi."
The
human's
prime
qi
mu.t
be
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abundant;
if
the
energy o£
and tired;
when the energy of Vitaliy
> Y
q
„^f one wants
to live
is finished. Therefore,
n
ViS
Yuanqi
(the energy of
long
,
he
must
love
qi*
bal anced
because
if qi has lost
vitality ) must a«ust things tobe ba:Lanced,
(Suxiang
.
balance,
it
would
cause
sickness
frQm
If
angry,
qi
jubinglun)
says:
"® 11
1 “ "ns
when ^orry,
qi
disappears,
when
rises,
if
joyful,
qi
lof®
nS 'J
he
Si
shrinks,
when
quick,
qi
is
scared,
qi
falls
down,
w
£
confused,
and when
tired,
qi
discharged,
when
frightened,
q
various emotional states
disappears."
This
ifLJtS. pointL out
Several thousand
will
.«fc« ai
dl«°ir^.^?4r^f^F.a
that,
traininOr._3igong
oKTpctlv e" of
curing sickness
.
(Baosunzi
.
Zhili
e^
a
bodVe-^grow "well
in si demand
?
get
rid
of
well,
qi
qan „”*?*. th
ft'says* "by practicing qi,
you can cure many
evils outside."
And,
it: sa^o
YV turning
point,
heath
experts
gj^rhlve come^up w?th V
of ‘theories and methods of health
For
example,
( Y an g s li en
™^ qi°is
to eat
&
less
and self
Life))
says:
"The method of
them
low
and never be
control
shape
and state
of Jjl0
th
'
±
s
the
P
shape
will
become
like
excessive,
and
if
you
repeat
thi
mind will concentrate,
pharynx and the.body will^^“/^pr'krewfll
closed,
it will
always
firm
and
uppei
a.i
_
things
will
automatically
go
adjust
things
well,
and
thus
baa
rn^n*
away
.
And,
it
says:
"If
™t
ac£
t”. \T%rha?e%e“d«hV,“think
practicing
qi,
think ° £
®lv
„h
p\hln
,.’ o£
foot;
and gently
do
this
H^lVtlLTo that t^^n disappear
((Introduction
to
Chinese
Q 1 gon gi
^
'
ao- F e ng)
P
Ho ng
Ji
and
Publishing
company,
1988
,
written by
Zhao
Bao Feng,
Zhang Tian-Ge)
.
"Qi"
in the theory
^
q?
P^f^^^o^
n
^n'^e^ine^
belong
W
to
e
the
a
"c"a^^>ry ^^the ^os?
1^^!
essence
aTtfe
“S
of' £”».»^7^
yuanqi
(the energy of vitality) has the important function of
the moving
the
original activity
of
lif
•
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The
zonggi
is
generated
by
combination
of
^ the
natural
atmosphere
and
the
energy
going
through
various
intestine
an
digestive
organs,
and
it has
the
function of pushing blood of
the
heart
and expanding the
lung.
Nourishing qi comes
from watei
.
The
nourishing
qi
originates
from
the
water
valley
(the
digestive
part)
and
is being refined;
and
it
goes
into pulse,
has
the
function of nourishing the body and producing blood.
Qi
of protection stems
from bone marrows and spreads over the
sui face
of
the
body.
It
has
the
function
of
keeping
ying
inside
and
protecting
the body from outside.
It
is
endowed by
the
inborn
yuanqi
(the
also relies
on nutrition through
the post
valley,
and
it
makes
various
Qi
of
intestine,
energy of vitality)
and
natal
refinement
of
the
water
to perform their own functions
intestine
in
this manner,
various
qis
of
the human body have their own
unique
functions;
however,
the yuanqi
(the energy of vitality)
the most
important
one.
The yuanqi
is
the origin of life and
it constitutes
the cause
of
growth and activity
of various
intestine.
To speak of the meaning of qi
in
a summary,
it
is
a matter and
it
is
a function.
Speaking from the nature,
growth and developmen
and change
of
all things under the heaven depend upon the movement
of
qi.
as
an
example,
qi
is
the
material
base
and
it
is
manifestation
of
function
of
activities
of
intestine.
For
example,
(1)
qi
of
of
water
valley
belong
to
refined
materials
that
Using
the human body
of
the
movement
of
life,
physio
moistf
"nourish
and circulate
the body.
(2)
And,
yuanqi,
zongqi,
qi
of protection
and
qi
of
intestine belong
to manifestations
of
functions
of human body.
'logical
and
qi
Health condition of the human body are determined by vigor or
weakness
of
yuanqi.
(1)
If yuanqi
is
full,
the post^ natal qi will
get help and thus various
intestine will
cooperate
and adjust
the
body
to make
it healthy.
(2)
If the inborn endowment
is insufficient or the post natal
elements
are weak,
various post natal
qis will be weak;
this wi
result
in
a
series
of sicknesses.
Yuanqi
and
helps
functions
.
relies on three focuses and passes throughout the body,
gastif ication
and
accomplish
their
physiological
Gastif ication
is
the process
of movement
and change
of
qi.
The
places
where
gastif ication
takes
place
are
the
three
focuses
.
The
three
focuses
have
their
own
respective
positions,
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LN 200-91
and they have their
intestine.
The
intestine
belonging
to
the
three
focuses
and
their
functions
are
briefly
as
follows:
(1)
The
upper
focus
is
mainly
the
heart
and
lung,
its
function
is mainly
accepting
and
it
starts
up energy
and spreads
it throughout
the body.
(2)
The middle focus
is mainly the digestive organs (stomach,
etc.)
and
its
function
is mainly changing
and
it
£
he
water valley and has
the
function of generating blood of
energy.
(?)
The
lower
focus
is
mainly
kidney
and
liver,
and
its
function
is mainly reading.
It has the function of distinguishing
clean from unclean
and adjusting
the water routes.
The
watpr
valley contains
intestine,
and through
gastif ication
refined qi
is generated;
it goes to the lung and in the morning the
lung
pulses
100
times.
Through
the
heart
the
refined
qi
9-*
through
all
the
intestine
and
four
legs
and
bones,
thus
it
maintains various
functions
of
the human body.
What
has been
described
in
which
materials
and
participation
of
various
qis
energy of vitality)
.
above
is
the
gastif ication process
functions
mutually
transform
by
under
the
movement
of
yuanqi
(the
Zhang
of
qis;
if
scattered
,
under the
zi
says:
"The
life
of
human being
is
the
concentration
they
are
concentrated,
they make
life;
but
if they are
they make death."
And,
it
also
says:
"There
is
one
qi
heaven
.
(Suxiang
.
Pingrebinglun)
points
cut:
"Unhealthy
influences
gather together,
the
true qi will be tired."
This
summarizes
re
dialectical relations of sicknesses and the yuanqi inside the body,
and
it emphasizes
the determination function of
internal
factors.
(Nanjing)
argues:
Qi
is
the base
(root)
of
the human being,
therefore,
if
the root
is
cut
off,
the stem withers."
Besides, Wang Chong's
(Lunqishoupian)
says:
"If the heaven
is
strong
and
weakens
the
life,
it
means
qi
is
lacking.
If
the
endowed qi
is moistened,
the body becomes
strong; when the body
strong,
life becomes long.
When qi
is thin,
the body becomes weak,
and when
the body
is weak,
life becomes
short.
What has been said above points
out
that,
whether the yuanqi
(the energy of vitality)
fills
the lung or not has
relations
not
only with whether the body
is healthy or weak but also with whethei
life becomes long or short.
Because of this,
in the theory of
the
Qigong
the idea of
"the qi
is the base"
is pervasive.
In the area
of
its practice,
the emphasis on cultivation
of yuanqi
is the most
important
thing.
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.
( Wansuj ian-Bagua-Xundaogong)
,
p.
2, published by the People’s
Army Medical
Publishing Company,
January
1,
1988.
The
qi
of
the human body
is comprised mainly of
three parts:
The qi inherited from the parents and the nourishing materials from
the
food
(the
essence
of
the
water
valley
generated
through
the
intestine)
increase
with
the
"essence"
of
the
nature
which
is
popularly
called
the
inborn
inheritance,
and
the
post
natal
nutrition
and air
(the atmosphere).
These three combine
and make
them
one.
The
inherited
inborn
qi
is
stored
in
the
kidney
and
other
intestine
and
is
the
yuanqi.
And
the
yuanqi
is
the
base
of
the
human body and
is
the most
important
qi
.
And,
this
is
the moving
force
of
life.
The
yuanqi
(the
energy
of vitality)
goes
through
the three focuses and flows through the v/hcle body and presides the
well-being
of
each
intestine,
each
channel
and
each
organ.
In
exercising qi,
the most
important thing
is
to cultivate yuan make
it
full,
and
make
each
part
of
the
body
maintain
in
its
own
vigorous
condition.
The qi
of qigong contain "inner qi"
and "puter qi
. " Generally
speaking,
we must cultivate
first the qi
of "dantian,"
thereafter
it
passes
through
the
large
and
small
parts
of
the
body;
after
going
through
an
established
exercises
let
the
"inner
qi"
is
released
to
outside.
Forming the outer qi
of
the qigong
is
also
called induction
of outer qi
of
the qigong.
The
outer
qi
of
the
qigong
is
used
as
the
opposite
of
the
inner qi.
The outer qi induction
is
to arrive
at
a certain degree
through exercises
and
the
inner
qi becomes
full,
and
at
the
time
in which
the body
is
in
a condition
of qigong
the body will have
benefits
of adjusting the body's
inner
qi.
(True
qi,
yuanqi
and
refined
qi)
In
a
part
of
the
body
there
may
be
a
relative
concentration and a certain degree of strength and density,
and the
vigorous
inner qi
is made
to pass
the mind and led to be released
outside
the
body.
Such
inner
qi
that
is
released
and
reaching
outside
the body
is
called the outer qi
of qigong.
Speaking of
the outer qi
of qigong,
it has had
a mysterious
color
in
the
past,
but
nowadays
the
outer
qi
of
qigong
has been
studied by
s cientists
and through many tests
and research sources
It
lias b een 'proved 'that,
the
"outer ~qi"
of qigong is material,
and
it
contains
ul traviolet
rays ,_ electromagnetic
“rays
infrasonic
s ound,
_ sta tic
e lectricity
,
etc 7"
Such "scientists
al so” in t e rp ret
that
qi
is
a biological elect r icity and biological faithT
(9)
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