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FIGURE
REMOTE VIEWING EXPERIMENT — NEW ORLEANS TO PALO ALTO,
30 OCTOBER
1976.
SUBJECT DESCRIBED:
"THE OVERHANG OF A BUILDING OVER THEIR HEADS," ALSO
"A ROUND GOLD RIM AROUND A SUNKEN DEPRESSION"
....
"IN THE SURFACE OF
THE DEPRESSION THERE
IS SOME KIND OF FAKE CHINA FLOWERS.
IT'S
LIKE A
BONSAI TREE MUSHROOMING OUT OF THE SURFACE."
LATER
IN THE TRANSCRIPT
SHE SAID "THERE WAS A PROJECTILE COMING TOWARD DAVE.
SOME KIND OF A
PROJECTILE,
LIKE A BALL OR
FR1SBEE.
AS
IF ELIZABETH TOSSED HIM A BALL.
(IT WAS A PAPER AIRPLANE.)
(EPR) paradox19 of quantum theory which empha-
size that "no theory of
reality compatible with
quantum theory can require spatially separated
events
to be
independent,
20 but must permit
interconnectedness of distant events
in
a wanner
that
is contrary to ordinary experience
(experimentally confirmed at the microscopic
level )33-24
the proper interpretation of
the
effect of an observer
(consciousness)
on experi-
mental measurement, 2 ^ 20 of possible signifi-
cance
in psychokinesis;
the possibility that the
causality-reversing tachyon27 or advanced-po-
tential solutions of physics may play
a role in
precognition; 28-30
the potential relevance
(for
a general theory of psi phenomena)
of theories
based on geometries which provide
for
a more
extended structure
of
the space-time metric.
To indicate the tenor of our approach,
let us
consider briefly two examples from this
list.
A reasonable first hypothesis
is that
re-
mote viewing is mediated by extremely low-
frequency
(ELF)
electromagnetic waves,
a hypot
esis
that does not seem to be ruled out by
anj
obvious physical
or biological facts.
We wish to acknowledge the technical contri-
butions of Elizabeth A.
Rauscher,
a consultai
to SRI on leave from Lawrence Berkeley Labor:
tory, who has done extensive research on phy:
cal theories relevant to psi functioning;
in
particular, work on multidimensional
geometries.
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•
t
Tills hypothesis,
put
forward by
I.
M. Kogan
of
the Soviet Union,
suggests
that information
transfer under conditions
of sensory shielding
is mediated by ELL
1’ waves with wavelengths
in the
300
to 1000-km region. 12-15
Experimental
sup-
port for
the hypothesis
is
claimed on the basis
of:
less
than inverse square attenuation with
distance,
compatible both with earth— ionosphere
waveguide mode
trapping,
with source-percipient
distances
lying
in the
induction field range
as
opposed
to the radiation field range;
observed
low bit rates
(0.005-0.1 bits/s) compatible with
the
information carrying capacity of ELF waves;
apparent ineffectiveness of ordinary electro-
magnetic shielding
as an attenuator;
and stan-
dard antenna calculations
entailing biologically
generated currents yielding results compatible
with observed signal- to-noise ratios.
On
the negative side with regard to
a
straightforward ELF interpretation as
a blanket
hypothesis
are:
(a)
apparent high-resolution,
real-time descriptions of remote activities
in
sufficient detail
to require
a channel capacity
in all probability greater than that allowed by
a conventional modulation of
an ELF signal;
(b)
lack of
a proposed mechanism for coding
(and
decoding)
the information onto the proposed ELF
carrier;
and
(c)
apparent precognition data.
The hypothesis must nonetheless remain open at
this stage of
research,
since
it
is conceivable
that counterindication
(a) may eventually be
circumvented on the basis
that
the apparent high
resolution and high bit rate results from
a mix-
ture of low bit rate
input and high bit rate
filling in the blanks"
from imagination;
coun-
terindication
(b)
is common to
a number of nor-
mal perceptual
tasks
and may therefore simply
reflect
a lack of sophistication on our part with
regard to perceptual functioning; 28 and counter-
indication
(c) may be accommodated by an ELF
hypothesis
if advanced waves
as well
as retarded
waves
are admitted. 2 ®> 82
Experimentation
to determine whether the ELF
hypothesis
is viable can be carried out by the
use of ELF sources
as targets,
by the study of
parametric dependence on propagational directions
and diurnal
timing by experimentation under
unusual conditions
of shielding
(e.g.,
in a
submarine) ,
and by the exploration of
interfer-
ence effects caused by creation of
a high-
intensity ELF environment during experimentation.
All of
these
are under consideration in our
laboratory and elsewhere.
Because of
the apparent difficulties with
the ELF hypothesis,
especially in accounting
for the
relatively high resolution and data rate
of paranormal perception,
serious consideration
is being given
to alternative mechanisms.
A
more speculative,
but promising,
hypothesis,
which could
in principle account for both remote
viewing and precognition,
was developed
in con
junction with Gerald Foinborg of Columbia
University,
It
is proposed
that
the ordinary
Minkowski 4-spaco
(three spatial,
one
temporal
coordinates) might simply
be
the
real part of
;
eight-dimensional complex space-time.
For
thi,
generalized coordinate model wo
let
the
SpatiaJ
coordinates x - x
+
ix',
and similarly for
time
t
->
t
+
it
.
Analogous
to the expression for
the square
of
the distance between two points
.
Minkowski 4-space,
a
a
2 a
As
- Ax
-
c At
,
we take
the corresponding expression
in the
con
plex 8-spaco
to be
As2 s AsAs* = Ax2
+ Ax
/2
-
c2At2
-
c2At
'2
With regard to modeling remote viewing in
real
time
(At =0),
we can construct situations
in which the
remaining
first,
second,
and
fourth terms in the above equation add
to zero
(As = 0).
Therefore,
even though there
is an
ordinary
(3-space)
separation Ax between the
tv
points,
the distance
in the complex 8-space
is
reduced to zero.
Under the hypothesis that
the
imaginary
(primed)
coordinates
are accessible
to consciousness,
reduction of
the 8-space
separation to zero could
in principle provide
for a coupling between remote viewer and
targe-
site.
Given
the additional geometrical channe:
provided by this model,
a similar argument can
be mounted to account
for precognition
(As = 0
for At <
0).
We thus have the possibility of
i
geometrical interpretation of
the "Quantum
Interconnectedness" principle by which events
remote
in spacetime
are nonetheless connected
non-local correlations, 22-24
or,
in this
inter-
pretation,
by
the nature of
the fabric of
spacetime
itself.
We are presently pursuing the
implication:
of these and other models.
Our goal
in these
investigations
is
to develop
a theoretical
structure to account
for the data at hand,
and
to predict new,
testable experimental outcomes
CONCLUS IONS
In this paper we have described our
inves-
tigation of particular aspects
of paranormal
functioning
of human subjects.
Specifically,
-
have examined
the human capability
to access
a
describe,
by mental processes,
information
sources blocked from ordinary perception by
re
son of distance and shielding.
We have found
remote sensing to be
a robust phenomenon in
which experienced and inexperienced subjects
a
able
to describe
in words
and drawings both th
location and actions
of experimenters placed
a
undisclosed sites
at varying distances from
th
subjects.
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From over seventy experiments with remote
sensing,
we have obtained three principal
find-
ings.
First,
wo have established that it
is
possible
to acquire significant amounts of
in-
formation about remote
locations.
Second,
the
physical distance separating the subject from
the scene—even distances
ranging over thousands
of kilometers
in recent transcontinental experi-
ments—docs
not appear
to lessen the
accuracy
of
the perception.
Third,
the use
of Faraday cage
electrical shielding does not
in any apparent
way degrade
the quality of
the description
obtained.
)
One of
the purposes of our research is
to
make use of
the remote perception experimental
data base
to deduce
the relevant physical prin-
ciples and laws that govern paranormal function-
ing.
In pursuit of
this goal we are endeavoring
to define
the
level of compatibility of para-
normal phenomena with the laws
of physics
as
presently understood and to examine
the limits
of specific physical theories
in modeling these
phenomena.
To this end,
we have considered some
physical models potentially applicable
to remote
perception,
but further investigation must be
pursued.
Therefore,
we plan to continue our
research efforts
in the belief
that not only can
we use physical principles
to help bring
about
an understanding of psi phenomena, but we an-
ticipate that
the psi data base may make
a con-
tribution toward
the clarification of certain
existing problems
in physics.
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« V
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