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BIOINFORMATIONAL
INTERACTIONS:
EH P- WAVES
N.
D.
Kolbun
and
V.
E.
Lobarev
So
UDC
577.31
discussed?
at^e
a
Lfluence
t
of
n
elect
he EHP'wave
b and are
mentarLelorr^LioL^r
“*
affeCted * va^ouS environ-
fields
(EMF)
and
We elect—sneti
sitivity of biological systems * these
^ ^
In principle,
each band of
Earth's biosphere could have contribute*?
WSVeS reachlng the
affect
vital functions
[5].
In
fche pa _ t
f
°
evo^tlon and may
which assigns
a regulated and it?
deCades ’
the
theory
and imfonnationa.1
i*ol6
to
fmp
ir*
hj A i
.
has bes„ gaining supporsers
C3,l* 16]
The b^
,
6l0l° Sl=a -
logical system as
a biochemical ...
,
,
J '
?
theor>r rt*»
a M.
““LTT
EW -
A
^ ZTIIIITZtT^T
res::::" s srs™
tlonal base
or Its yltal
r
““system constitute
the Informa-
tors reguiltmV to
’
fl°”a
°f
«.
the fac-
regulatmg
(to some eatent)
the Internal Information
fl„„s.
Differentiation between
Q -,j
«
temal EMP has been discussed in
[3
8]
” ormatlonal
flows °f ex-
defined as
the
L
•
,8 -1,
1116 energetic actions
are
to
the amount
of energy contributV
^
bl °SyStem Proportional
© 1989 bv-AiiMtonP,«„. Inc.
°ntributed.
An informational interaction of
an EMP witl
the amount
various
EMI
character^
carrying
si
ergy or mat
er boundary
on the orde
bright
line
gators
( 1,3
W/cm2
.
Pig,
that
form
ti
the atomospi
is unevenly
from solar
1:
EMP range
.
and dynamics
band.
Biolo
EMF flows
in
lowest
.
Biologi.
appear,
acco:
the external
transparency
density of
sc
an absolute, t
a fraction
of
sun.
In the
closely by
th
T,
ff,oin the ra
been measured
8000
K
[4].
Galactic
the natural
b;
absorbed
comp;
Other
nat
152
r:
~~
"
.
...
.
,
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the
upon
snviron-
comagnetic
ligh sea-
ls the
and may
ory
iological
sws
a bio-
th intern-
(see
illation
iis
con-
i cellu-
.nforma-
the
fac-
rs
.
of ex-
ns
are
portional
:ion of
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an EMF with a biosystem
is
one where the effect
is
not determined
by
the amount
of energy brought
in but by specific informational features:
various EMP modulations,
frequency bands, polarizational and time
characteristics,
etc.,
can function
as
such features.
The
information-
carrying signal,
in that
case, merely triggers
a redistribution of en-
ergy or matter
in the system and control processes
in
it
[ 5 ].
The low-
er boundary of an information effect
is
set
[ 8 ]
at
flow density
(PD),
on the order of lb "12 W/m2
(ICT16 w/cm2
).
Apparently,
there
is
no
bright
line between informational and energetic
PD.
Various investi-
gators
(1,3,8,10] place
it
in the region between
10 “ 7 W/cm 2 and
10 -2
W/cm
.
Figure
1 compares
the
characteristics of principal EMF sources
that
form the natural electromagnetic background of the biosphere
and
the atomospheric transparency
to
the entire wave
band.
The
atmosphere
is unevenly transparent
to EMP of different wavelengths.
In turn,
PD
from solar radiation and from other sources
is uneven throughout
the
EMP range.
The combination of these factors determines
the magnitude
and dynamics of natural EM background of the biosphere
In each frequency
band.
Biological systems are likely to be more sensitive
to external
EMP
flows
in the frequency bands where the natural field background
is
lowest.
Biological effects
at informational
EMF' intensities
(si MW/cm 2
)
appear, according to Incomplete data,
in those spectral regions where
the external background
is minimal either because of low atmospheric
transparency or
a minimal space radiation
(see Pig.
l).
The spectral
density of solar radiation In
3pace matches
closely the radiation of
an absolute black body
at T
- 6000
K.
Radio waves .accounts
for just
a fraction of a percentage point of the total energy radiated by
the
sun.
In the wave band 'from 0.3 to
10 mm,
solar radiation
is described
closely by
the Rayleigh-Jeans
law.
The effective
sun temperature
T rtloln the radio band
is different from kinetic temperature.
It
has
been measured experimentally and for X —
— $ mm varies
from 5500
to
8000
K
[4],
Galactic radiation does
not make any significant
contribution
to
the natural background In the mlllimetric wave band
(EHF)
,
as
it
is
absorbed completely
by
the atmosphere near X —
I cm
(see Pig.
1 ).
Other natural EMP sources
are
the Earth's, surface and the atmo-
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»
f mm
f0 mm
Pig.
1.
Natural EMF sources and atmospheric
transparency throughout the EM spectral range
[12]:
1)
frequency "windows" in which BII are
observed according
to
T5]; wavelength bands
where biological effects of nonthermal EMP
with PD i 1 mW/cm
can be observed;
2)
data
of
[7];
3)
data of
[1,3,10,13].
sphere.
The proper heat radiation from the Earth
can
be described as
radiation of
a gray body with e - 0,35 and T -
288
K.
Atmospheric radia-
tion
is described by radiation laws of an absolute black body with iso-
lated selective lines of atmospheric
gases and water vapors
at respec-
tive
In EHF-band the effective atmospheric temperature ranges
from 100 to
400
K.
Throughout the EHF-band, 'the -spectral density of
solar radiation
is greater by some 12 dB than the proper atmospheric
radiation
(Pig.
2).
In the range A“l—
mm,
the atmsophere absorbs EMP selectively,
mainly
in the
bands of molecular absorption of Oj and water vapors
[1,4],
The total attenuation of the radiation on the vertical path
in
selected bands
is
as
large
as
800
dB
(Pig.
3).
In transparency windows,
the attenuation may
be just
1-3
dB.
There are several frequency regions
in EHF-band that coincide with
154
id*
Pig.
T =
t
Fig.
leng
atmosphej
minimal
:
the
atmos
regions
:
thesis
ws
the
cour:
flows
thi
near
2 .
tion
(MM]
associati
lattice-,
protein
Est:
tions
(B
are
such
synchron
organism
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’ibed as
• c radia-
wlth iso-
respec-
ranges
tty of
Jheric
-ively
,
'ors
path in
windows
,
tde with
T-
S6oon K'.
5 ??°=?al d®nsitJes
of radiation flows:
1)
solar at
T
pOOOK, 2)
atmosphere based on data of
[4,6].
S^h-in^2
a^ atteetuat1?? of m as 4 function of wave-
length in clear atmosphere:
1)
January;
2)
July.
atmospheric absorption bands;
the natural field background in them is
minimal and is entirely determined by the proper noise radiation of
the atmosphere
The
spectral. FD of the natural background in these
regions
is
to
10"
W/(m
-Hz).
Based on this
analysis,
a hypo-
thesis
was advanced postulating that biological systems,
adapted in
the course of evolution
to a low-background level,
can respond to EMF
flows
that
rise slightly above the background radiation
on wavelengths
near 2.5,
1.7,
0.9,
and 0.8 mm.
Quantum energy of millimetric
radia-
tion
(MMR)
is
sufficient
for inducing important biological processes
associated with rotation of water molecules
‘ and oscillations
of H-0
lattice,
rotation of terminal groups within molecules,
conformation of
protein molecules,
etc.
[1,3,10],
Estimating the potential role of MMR in bloinformational interac-
tions
(BII),
we should note that MMR wavelengths
in biological tissues
are such that,
even in case of a very strong MMR absorption,
it
can
synchronize biochemical processes
in single-celled and multicellular
organisms
155
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ow M Bnn,.
™frequency
of sens-
data
nfP Dnae
as
a function of MMR:
a)
data.°
f Pjras,t!lal (*«
£13:);
b) Si
or
t^
U
L'rap
1”Lr™
e31S
0°”ernlne the
bands pl::
::
at»—
— -—
”
:jx::.rM
zones
in men
[13], ch««tertlt!^
acupunctural
radiation frequencies
in th»
h
a
res P Qnse was
absorbed with
tests with 116-121 GHz at
°
53-79 GHz
‘
We
conducted similar
The band deludes 0
ahso T
™
0rder
° f ^
Th, He-Gu acupunctural point
on tnT fat
”,ar 119 ™‘
C15:l -
on 130 tests.
. aistMb»t,T “
^ h“4 ras Eradiated.
Based
™Pl°ttea “ • ‘“"tion of ^ ^“r^lTt)
° f
3ri:^
re3!,°n3a
rr:/:Ltr;tSi
t
:„r
:
d“” i~ 10
ci3]:
where ,
In sT^Ir Tonltdi
tMt> *“* alee
conducted
duency neer
l8 0 OHs
^
fr'>-
bT;::::
for the
to
«-
p o=-
Aa
in
[53, electrostatic ^
“loots,
objects.
Changes
In the state of th
P
6et“een biological
logical Objects thus functioned as dtt ”^.7"^ ""
ator who had been found in
™
lnductor was
an oper-
duemg sensory reaett
“’T
^
j
samixar to those produced by mmr.
156
i
A
ings
we
masters
The
tra;
Copper
.
in
iden-
Th«
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Setup
for Irradiation of bacteria
(a)
and experiments
to detect BII
(b).
eria
ta;
ered with two
layers
of carbon fabric
so that
only He-Ge acupuncture
filt r°
n
i
^ ^ eXPD8ed -
Sln ° e the
stance
of the
ILltr/\
short-wave wing at X<0.1<i« increases
to
the level of
first
t-h
r
^
nSparenoy
C9] »
only one sequence of filters was
applied:
If* l
he_^^-t-wave
filter Nf
-
l,
followed by Nf
-
2,...
N(
r
*
*
U .V
ly _
=
X
m
12.
Thus,
a sequence of filters
(F)
and screens
(S)
was ’formed^
where
the random quantities were only the number
naona
sf1f2sf
3ssf4 ,..
and sequence of screens.
Based on the results
of the
study...
a distribution of subjects
indlca^
tt
if*
1, nUmberS ^ COnStructed
6;
the dashed curv S
indicates
the
. distribution of the random process
of origination
of'
sensory responses
to presentation. 5).
In the next experiment,
we attempted to discover a difference
Ir.
responses
of biosystems
to MMR with frequencies
116-121 GHz.
Proteus
bacteria were
irradiated,
and placed in a culture medium
(Fig.
7a).
The hemolytic activity of irradiated bacteria was measured after
thre
lTof°th
ln0UT
On ^
3 thernl0Stat '
aa -P— ed by the
optical
dens
III
i
v:: r
n '
1116 ^ senerator was *•««“** * «»
116.8-120.6 GHz
to produce on the culture surface
a flux density
on f
Z
th
'
ThS radlati°n P0Wer was maintained constant
with:
::r
s srror "aa "tmn
io -“-
158
r
c
t,
I
c:
ir
The
ex
values
.
Tw
at each fre
ated).
Bac
It
was
disc,
lytic actlv
GHz
(Fig.
Simult
radiation b
(Fig.
7b).
maximum at
mens were
n
produced
so
the human
1.
The
st
and attempt
ity of such
1.
Na.
tion bands
be assoclat
observed
ex:
this view
[
.
Th
of BII
in
E:
1 ;—
“*
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cture
f the
el
of
plied:
Nf
-
Jd
:
:er
•.ts
curve
of
.ce
in
oteus
a)
.
three
dens-
ige of
on the
within
:imen
Pig.
8.
Probability of hemolytic activity
change
by low-intensity MMR irradiation
(for
the threshold
of likelihood ratio function
L q
-
1)
and variation of optical density R
of specimens with Proteus
"Irradiated" by hu-
man inductor through filters
5 and
7.
The experiment
followed a randomized plan for five frequency
values
.
Twenty bacteria samples of the same culture were irradiated
at
each frequency
(an additional
20 control samples were not
irradi-
ated).
Bacterial concentration in the specimens was
10 8 cells/ml.
It
was
discovered that MMR of 116-121 GHz modified the
Proteus hemo-
lytic activity, with the maximum probability of the effect
at
118.8
GHz
(Pig.
8a).
Simultaneously,
an experiment was
staged to
study the effect
of
radiation by the human inductor on the activity of the same bacteria
(Fig*
7b).
Two
filters
(Nos.
5 and
7)
were used with transmittance
maximum at 1.9 and 2.4 mm, respectively.
Through each filter
9 speci-
mens were
"irradiated"
(with
control specimens).
The experiment
produced some
increase
of hemolytic activity of Proteus
irradiated by
the human inductor through
a filter with X**- 2,4 mm
(Pig.
8b).
The study made general analysis of the problem of BII in EHP-band
and attempted
to obtain
an experimental Confirmation of
the- possibil-
ity of 3uch interactions.
The following conclusions were
drawn.
1.
Natural EM background at
frequencies
of atmospheric absorp-
tion bands
in EHF-band has
an absolute minimum for !l< i cm.
This may
be associated with
a high sensitivity of biological objects
to MMI
observed experimentally.
Other investigators are inclined
to
share
this view
[10].
2.
The experimental results
are encouraging for the possibility
of BII
in EHF band.
Previously,
BII between biological objects
have
159
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r
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r
0b31 00280001 -7
*
p
i
i
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been observed in
ln the same range of X -
i a
,
,
,
.
A
1,8 — 2,1
nun
ri? 7
3.
Additional care r,n
J
'
logical objects
to MMI ln theTnlltTm^lall ^ 8enaltlvlty °f bio-
nonequilibrium MMI of biological
obi
Wlth dlrect registration
efinitive conclualons
as
exlst en ^ ^ necessary for
*
existence of ail in MM band.
REFERENCES
.
[Russian
e„ergy ln „aloln6 „
Leningrad,
1926^
nad3kli » Biosphere
[in Russian]
'Khim^T m
°lon
E
[in
C
Rus sia^^^^^Jg^
ect ion
&
fron
-
Elec tr
lpov 1 Biologi-^
b irsk^ ^1 9 f5
ral E^otroJgSSiJpL^
»J™tional Pune-
[Russian tra„ “L T
7-
V.
N.
Volchenkn
»
„
ation],
Sov.
Radio,
*.
p. asm.
ES5S2*31^S^S^ S
•
„
8 .
Moscow,'
Proceedings
of sLth
Bandpass Gauze
Piit<a-r»o
p*
•
Vot*ob f ev,
v
A
<? or.n
W75.
inters
for Long-Wave
ir Region
rfn S
D asnovaj
et
*1.,
-
10-
Applications
nf
r
C
Bussian],
Moscow,
airrir:3r
•
ci-
thf PhyslJS°^J
s,H
af J}'-
"W>Mlo-
SE3£
13.S““
1- ln «^
u
nuS°&i"sL"- &>$«««"&&&?
„,
l4 -, Fundamental Thre.h„,H
.
R»«lan], Moscov,
pp .
SttaS
Jt?
]
-v“£;4»^S
—
[In
s »• ss3»! sir— “-f-»rr;;r;:y s
lr;r 2\\.
l6o
lar
hypo
more
Pel
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ty of bio-
'sgistration
’y for
i.
“a lM~o.Uu-
Hypothesis ,
in:
Electromaeneti r
: Tat;on:
the construction of a
more »
PP.
175-181,
1979.
S
tlc
Bi0
+ Information, Munich-Vienna-Balti-
1 February
1987
Kiev*
shevcilenico State University,
dicine"
in.
izd-vo
,
Biologi-
ze Radia-
Cin Rus-
nal Func-
ovosi-
Radio
,
P.
Belo-
’ regula-
rity
Sixth
,
and
Russian],
al.,
03C0W,
Ln
1 Rus-
ty
[in
human
.
PP.
hysio-
it
of
low-
*>
PP-
Is
[in
21,
no.
161
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I0L0GI6AL ACTION OF LOW
INTENSITY MILLIMETER BAND RADIATION
.
V.
Uetskil
and
A.
V.
Putvi nski
i
zvestiya
VUZ.
Radioelektronika,
ol.
29,
No.
10,
pp.
4-10,
1986
DC
538.573:61
The possible role
Is discussed of the strong absorption of millimeter (MM) waves
by water molecules
in the primary mechanism of
the response of biological
sys-
tems
to UM radiation. >. Data
are. reported on the
interaction of
Mil radiation
with simple water
systems.;
The attention
is
focused on the
effect
of convec-
tive mixing of water solutions under the effect
of low intensity
(1
...
ml'/cm
)
MM waves.
Among the most interesting fields of unconventional uses
of electromagnetic
waves
•e medicine,
biophysics,
and. biotechnology.
When waves with a large power density are
iliaed,
the useful effect
is produced typically by the heating of the material being
;udied;
the effect
is determined not only by the geometry of the object,
but
to
a large
:tent
also by the radiation wavelength
CX 1
.
—
.
f;
•
r' ..4 **
t>.rw
t :
" V
-•
" -
-
In the past
two
decades,', investigators have been concerned with the
low intensity
.mit
electromagnetic^ waves, in .the,.. millimeter.
.(.MM)
and submilliter bands,
with waves of a
nsity of single-digit mW/cm2
-;
the general heating of Irradiated material with these
ves
is
small,
amounting to
some
Q.1°C
[l-4]„i
Radiation
in MM band
Is
strongly absorbed
various materials.
: One. ‘of- these materials
Is water,
which plays
an extremely important
le
in the vital functions of biological- systems.
For example,
a
flat water layer
1 mm
lck attenuates the radiation at
X
~ 8 mm by
20 dB,
and
at
X
-
2 mm by
40. dB,
i.e.,
by
ndreds of times.
The heating -of materials in MM band for this reason
is
superficial,
th a large temperature gradient.
When human skin
is
irradiated by MM waves,
practically
e entire radiation
is absorbed in the surface layer of
a few one-tenths of
a millimeter
he weight
content- of water in the skin
is- more than 655)
.
i:
yc-M
tr.e
Another feature of MM waves
is the
fact' that the energy of an Irradiation quantum hv,
en
in this short-wave portion of the microwave band,
is
still smaller than the energy
thermal motion,
kT„
'
For the wavelength X«-l mm
Av—1,17- KH eV, whileat roomtemperature
_p
*
2.53*10
eV.
The quantum energy in this- frequency band
Is
significantly lower not
ly than the energy of electron transitions
(1-20
eV)
or
the
activation
energy
(0.2
),
but
even than the oscillationai energy of molecules
(i0-2-10 _1
eV)
,
and
the
en-
-
*
-
‘
—2
'
‘ — 1
gy of hydrogen bonds
(2*10
-10
eV).~
Examples
of energies
smaller than this
cuan-
-3
-4
m are
the energy of rotation of molecules
around
bonds
(10
-10
eV)
,
the
energy
-4-6
Cooper pairs
in superconductivity
(10
-10
eV)
,
and the energy of magnetic ordering
-4-3
.
-10
eV)
.
From these energy estimates
it
follows
that
MM radiation cannot produce atomic
or
.ecuiar changes or restructurings.
If one takes
the
analogy with the optical
frequency
r.d,
such changes would require multiphoton processes;
the number of MM radiation
quanta
a.t
would
be necessary for an energy conversion should
be
10 or more,
which
is
unlikely.
*
there
are
two important
circumstances
that
should be taken
into account
In studies
of
} effects of interaction of low Intensity MM radiation with biological objects.
First,
the energy of MM radiation^ can
be transformed
to
the energy of polar molecules
;ociated with rotational degrees of freedom.
The role
of such energy accumulators
is
386 by Allerton Press. Inc.
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: CIA-RDP96-00
performed effectively by polarised water molecules,
which have a diode moment a?
qiin
^
er
aia -
the
s0%™fvreL^r»Lra£ifb
D
;
— —
:&S
8 '
=e=hani3m?
as^h
t
al “ffL^u^sSfins]?
** V^f.rent ,
resonance
L-ecuen^bJL'd
100- lOSC^^Kz
r™Tc
53V3 P° la
J,,
lzationa:L
Cdipole ^SIcillatlMa l/thl
;
J
° d,na
J-uu-iuuu
utiz
(A
3-0.3
mm).
The' various
vital
orocesq^q
in
hin
HH!E
aji“^
;uch rs^rS^^rsingjrqSntr^
1011^ ^^Sica^mS^
,acn
a state
is of
a single-quantum type,
and resembles
the low temperature
condensation
B° a ®
?aa *
These
two circumstances determine
the major trai? of MM radiation
Ihl
:?^ Dilit X and ^Portance of nonthsrmal
(or low-int^si?y)
biological Sfects o^ m rk
i-aclon.^
These effects are observed at radiation power denelSea o? appJorSItliy “-
ihafo^.'LlJafb^ SSned?“
PeratUI
'e ^ “f
Irredlwel^peclt.en
ia
' not greater
The specifics
of the electromagnetic vibrations
in the millimeter
' (and
submillimf»tf»YO
requency bands would thus
be capable of inducing peculiar low-iSSsity biological ef
at°e?iaf iSad?Ked
ed AL^eg^
)7
, ?W^*hI general. rite
. oVSgtLpe^^geg/tha
n+.®
lrraciiated.
y11 exPerlmentally known effects
can be divided by way of convention
nerg^- threfLctf dndSfed^rL^^
13111 °f u
^ 111?atlon of the electromagnetic vibration
erficial-
ed by
® 1® Gt ^ve
3P ace-l°calized microthermal heating,
usually su-
erficial,
and the effects caused by frequency-dependent
Cresonance)
type of energy stor-
AIIJ BIOLOGICAL
EFFECTS
OF MM
RADIATION
,’r -
J-i l
rrii
y-
: :\-z
z:j1c2
z kjS'S
vr
if, %
Substantial data have been accumulated in experimental 'and “theoretical studies
of*
t*
\«» Pasr?e“yeS=
1S
radS‘«lon°haS
successfully for clinical treatment of various diseases.
The primary phvsical-
Cha
^f
S^
S
Und®rlylnS th®
3ensitivity of biological objects
to
this ?ype ofe?ec-
..rable
tX
radlatlon >
however,
remain an unknown, making their study particularly de-
:
.
"'ZS
"
v
After years of research certain regularities
in the interaction” with biological ob-
cts have been established.
In practically important
cases the S?eraction, 2 men-
oned,
is
not
of an energy type,
i.e.,
is not
due
to
a trivial heatin? of material
On,
ly speaks of informat ional Interaction
(this hypothesis
was' first examined
in
161)
nitiItPi
a
q
b
b
ased ieSitimately to mean that
the radiation of a”Iow Intensity can trigger
arii fat ® }
a chadn
- of successive responses,
accompanied by a transformation ofenergy and
°
a aseful
ei’fect,
i.e.,
that
the interaction
Is of a mediated type.
This
can
/ apply,
of course,
to complexly organized
(integrated)
live biological objects.
Not
{nf
.h® frequency-dependent
(resonance)
but microthermal storage of microwave energy can
Informational when interacting with a live organism.
'
.
°
energy can
r-o?
a^lmentS
wlfch
(. ralcroorganisms,
animals,
or humans ,' the response can appear as
^eractioS effect s
r
h« vp
^
f?®
hund
?;ed3
°J megahertz
wide..
The following interesting
^sshold ?thevp
?q
? XLe
?
b?®? °^ served experimentally:
a)
the response has
a power
: = ).
h?
i thf r®
11s
a certain minimal power value,
after which the effect becomes discern-
^
iQ ?|.
ota£le biological effect
Is cumulative
(the response appears after a certain
SlS/Sr^S?
irradiation
- from 15-20
min
to
an
hSSr>*. c)
the
experi-
:aed
n
^hdpa
P 1 ° fct:Lug the biological effect
versus microwave power have
an ex-
;an
two
-o -iv^SdPni’
f2 Ct
ls
lnde P endient
of the Irradiation Intensity
some Install S
h
?£ ma®ndtude
°£
Power variation);
and
d)
the therapeutic
effect
a.
sucS af
or chSSJrapy?"
"aVS3
00nblne<1 “lth <*her therapeutic modall-
Approved Fpr Release 2000/08/08
: CIA-RDP96-00789R0031 00280001 -7
ese observations
led
to
formal analogies
with concepts,
devices,
and
ideas
some
of
the:
of microwave electronics
(feedback,
synchronization of oscillations,
etc.).
This
is
the
approach developed for example
in
[1,
pp.
127-131].*
'
We
will now briefly describe
in qualitative
terras
the effects of
low intensity MM
radiation based on the
(specific
for MM band)
selective microheating of water media con-
taining various biological materials.
Basic
to these effects
is
the convection of liquid
occurring at
the phase interface.
In planning and conducting the experiments,
we were
guided by the following key
ideas:
a)
the strong selective absorption of MM radiation
by
water molecules
against
the background of low-absorbing components
of various
liquid media
can be responsible
for the transport
of charged particles and various molecules
in such
systems;
b)
biological membranes are
the most
likely target
for
low intensity MM radiation
in the
cell;
c)
the search for new effects
should be conducted on simple biological objects
cr model
systems,
even though this reduces the probability of observing frequency-dependent
(resonance)
effects, which was confirmed in experiments;
and
d)
the primary physical
chemi-
cal mechanisms of response should be investigated in the
skin,
thin layers
of which absorb
MM radiation almost
completely.
DISRUPTION
OF THE ADDITIVITY
OF ABSORPTION
OF MU RADIATION
3 Y WATER SOLUTIONS
(SEE
RELEVANT ARTICLES
IN
[1,2*3])
Precise measurements of the concentration relationships of the absorption of ‘low in-
censity MM radiation by water solutions
shows that the pattern of absorption of MM radia-
;ion varies qualitatively and quantitatively, depending on the
type of Interaction of water
nolecules with the molecules of the solvate.
Three
cases observed
at
\
=*
mm,
?
=
nW/cm
are distinguished,
depending on the concentration of the
solvate
as
illustrated
qualitatively by Pig.
1:
1)
the absorption of the electromagnetic radiation by the
so-
lution
is equal to
the
sura of absorptions of the solvent
and solute;
2)
the total absorp-
;ion
is
less than the sum of the partial absorptions;
and
3)
the total absorption is greater
;han the sum of the partial absorptions.
These effects
can be explained
as
follows.
When
TO radiation
is absorbed, electromagnetic energy
is pumped into the rotational energy of
solar water molecules,
followed by the dissipation of energy into thermal energy,
as
a re-
sult
of intermole cular interactions.
Strictly speaking,
the absorption
is
of
a resonance
lature:
on
a fixed wavelength,
the radiation
is absorbed effectively by
a small proportion
cf water molecules whose frequencies of rotational motions are
close
to the frequency of
Incident
radiation.
As the frequency of the external
field
is
changed,
a different group
>f molecules takes part
in absorption of the radiation,
in conformity with the distribution
>f water molecules according to
the rotation frequencies.
Experimentally,
it
is
impossible
;o determine
the resonance nature of such absorption because of the effective mechanism of
-9
-10
;hermal scattering of energy that would occur within the
time of the order of 10
-10
sec.
In the
first
case of absorption,
illustrated by Fig.
1, water molecules practically
Io
not
interact with molecules of the
solute;
in the
second case,
some
of the water mole-'
jules
lose rotational mobility
as
a result of intermolecular interaction
(the molecules of
sound water absorb MM radiation
less than do molecules
of free water),
i.e.,
the total
ab-
sorption decreases;
in the third case,
the
intermolecular interaction
is
such that
is
in-
creases
the rotational mobility of water molecules,
leading
to
-in additional
increase
of
;he total
absorption.
From relations
similar
to those given
in Fig.
it
is
thus possible
;o judge
about
important parameters,
such
as degree of hydration,
the reactivity of raole-
*See also the paper
by
M.
6.
Goianta and
T.
B.
Rebrova in
the
current
Issue.
Approved For Release 2000/08/08
: CIA-RDP96-00789R0031 00280001 -7
tules
in water
solution,
etc.
These effects
could also
be
of a practical value
in engi-
neering processes
(especially
in the pharmaceutical
industry)
for monitoring solute
con-
centrations
.
These peculiar properties of the molecules
of free and bound water in MM wave band
gave an
impetus
for developing the theory of dielectric relaxation of polar molecules and
creation of refined molecular models;
this
in turn yielded valuable information
for under-
standing the structure
and properties of water
in complex compounds.
Interesting infor-
mation on chi3 matter can be
found,
for example,
in
[2,7]
.
EFFECTS
OF MM
IRRADIATION
OF WATER SYSTEMS
By strong Interaction with water molecules,
MM radiation affects the properties
of
water,
both as the external and internal environment of live
cells.
The early experiments
with water systems revealed the effect
of convection.
The picture of water convection
in
rectangular quartz or acrylic plastic trays
irradiated with low intensity MM waves was
studied by optical methods
of phase
contrast
and holographic interferometry
[8].
The
varied methods of irradiation
(placing the irradiating horn at the lower side walls
or
above
an open water surface)
produced water motions conforming to the mechanism of inter-
phase convection
(l.e.,
convection caused by gradients of surface tension forces)
at
a
power level below 10 mW/cm
.
The
convection usually encompassed the entire volume of a
tray
(up
to
ml)
and had a fluctuational
pat-tern.
The dependence
of convection intensity
on MM radiation power was determined by
a polarographic technique.
; The experiment
setup
is
illustrated by Pig.
2,
where
is radiation horn,
is a teflon cartridge;
is thermo-
chromium liquid crystal
film,
and
is platinum raicroelectrode.
As
is well
known,
the
limiting current
1^ reducing the
substances dissolved in water
is determined by the thick-
ness
of the diffusional layer on the electrode
surface,
and thereofre
is highly sensitive
to convection
in the
solution.
Polarograms of reduction of Og in water solution
is shown
in
Pig.
3:
1) atl8°C with no mixing of the medium;
2)
at
23°C also with no mixing;
3)
at
18°C with nixing.
When MM radiation was
started,
at
the
instant marked by the
arrow,
I.
2+
d
was observed
to grow both for
0- and for
Cd
(Pig.
4,
curves
1 - MM radiation
(1 M KC1);
-
— 3
- MM radiation
(10
M CdCl,*
1 M KC1).
In this experiment
the thickness of the layer
between
the electrode and the wall
(the
thermo'chrome film), through which the radiation
was conducted,
was
ram,
so that direct
action of the microwave field or thermodiffusion
on the electrode was ruled out.
This effect
was produced by interphase convection,
due
to
forces of surface tension,
not only
in the
irradiated zone,
but
at
the water-air interface
as
well.
Judging by the color of the thermochrome
film,
the heating even at
2Q mW/cm
was
not
greater than0.2°C.
Obviously,
it
is
the interphase convection which
is
the main mechanism
for removing the heat
from the irradiated zone.
It
is
of interest
also
to
compare the mi-
crowave action with simple heating of the wall with IR radiation, which also
induces con-
vection
(Pig.
4,
curve
- IR radiation
(lO -3
M CdCl,,
1 M KC1)).
In the
latter case,
the
effect
was observed only with the calculated heat
flux value of not
less than
15 mW/cm
.
This
can
be
explained by
the
fact
that microwave power
is released directly
in -the solu-
tion,
while with IR radiation,
the heat
flow from the tray wall
is
limited by the low
thermal
conductivity of water
impeding convection.
An interesting demonst
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aiation