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Approved For Release 2000/08/08 : CIA-RDP96-00789R001400330001-0 CPYRGHT A34 Frinay. NOVEMBER 15. 1985 THE ERUPTION 0 THe W Months of Volcanic Rumbling | Warned of a Major Blow-Up armonic Tremors, Mud Slides Preceded Colombian Blast By Thomas O°Tools Wozhengion Post Stet Wrrec Just as Washington's: Mount St. eieas did ‘five’ years “ago, the Colombian volcano Nevado det Ruiz hat erupted Wednesday night gave ut numerous ielitale signs in the ast 11 months that it was building ‘coward a msjor eruption. As tong ago as iast December, seismographs began to pick up the rumbiags of spasmodic  earth- vugkes below the volcano that are were several small steam and ash ke Peerybody fnew his was avoleano” that hadn’ ra suffered an: eruption i in-400 a" Years. ace Jexplisions near: — Dr, ert Cheitansen, UGS . ‘the “spleace’s - [27,400-foot summit that signified ore violent activity, and then on ene Pb aad Pie ee Phew ek ae eee years, but everybody still knew it was a volcano,” Volcanoes erupt when the molten rock that normally lies far inside the mountain starts rising up, heating the rock above it aud forcing it There were signs in recent weeks that a giant pool of molten rock (magma) as hot as 2,200 de- grees Fahrenheit had begun to stir inside the mountain and had begun to move upward, pushing aside the tons of rock that lay in its way. The télitaie signs ef moving magma were the “harmonic tremors” in the earth near the volcanc that appar- ently were picked up by seismic lis- tening devices is the twa months since the mud slide of Sept. 11. ’ Harmonic tremors are rhythmic motions in the earth that involve an almest continuous release of seis- come in episodes and then stop, - harmonic tremors go on for long pe- tiods at a steady frequency. oreiien The US Cooloeeal Sn vey svid yesterday that Nevado det Ewe a a Ghar ee» sieeping towns in the valley was as ceep as 15 to 20 feet A lesser mud flow on the western side of the mouatain was still enouge to create an artificial dam in the Quali River above the town of Mariquita, which Cclombian offi- cials were attempting te evacuate before the mud-filed dam broke apart on its own. Floods from melt- ing snow and ice were reported in four rivers whose headwaters begin on the mountzin. The phvsical similarity between the eruption of Nevado del Ruiz and Mount St. Helens is striking. Both volcanoes slowly built to eruptions and both eruptions did most of their early damage with mud slides. The huge snow and ice pack on boih mountains melted in the heat: of eruption, cascading tons of water and mud down the flanks of the mountains into the river valleys be- low, But only 57 people died in the Mount St. Helens ervption, which occuzre4 in a sparsely populated area. Nevado del Ruiz is the largest and tallest of six volcanoes strung out in a line through central Colom. bia. The northernmost volcano in the Arstes, Mountains, Nevada del Theale Foae WASHINGTON POST F THE NEVADA DEL RUIZ a fea io Mariquita Gueli River largest mud slides in South Amer- ican history. The USGS’ Dr. Darrel G. Herd described it as a: “wall of mud, trees and ice that went racing dows the valley to the Rio May- NEVADD DEL RUIZ sen said. This means they retain their gases, allowing pressure to build, rather than venting thein in a way that would relieve the pressure ~ that buds up inside volcanoes. he Approved For Release 2000/08/08 : CIA-RDP96-00789R001400330001-0 BY JO. ELLEN MURPHY —- THE WIABIENDION POST one building in strength until i exceeds ihe weight of the rocks above that are holding it in. The result can be arother erupticn. The twin eruption of Nevado dei Rui: Wednesday
CPYRGHT Sept. ED of th: ‘eruption that melted enous snow aad ce On ne 3 ment ni pReak fo tes long. . ae not surprising, xcept ior sthe violence of the eruptions that -shock the mountain Wednesday night,” Dr. Robert Christiansen of vine US. Geological Survey (USGS) id by telephone from his office in BMenio Park, Calif. “Everyhady knew this was a volcans that nadn’t “ea a maior eruption ta 480 Joleano Kalls Thousands ix Colombia VOLCANO, From Ai al supplies, potable water port equipment to hels mn ‘ort hampered by th of bridges and "ade C. oiembun radio and television ad- vised peonle in the disaster zone not te drink from local water supplies, h were feared contaminated by uifur. un Vrashington, the U.S. Agency for Internatzonal Development said 12 Heiecpters were dispatched to the scene from a base in Panama, at the request of Colonibia. A state- mert said AID relief expert Paul Bell and Darrell Herd of the U.S. Geological Survey m Reston, who has studied the voicano, were en youte to offer assistance.] The the most seriously affected town was Armero, with a population af 25,900, about 18 miles east of the volcano. It was said by come residents to have been 80 percent Approved For Release 2000/08/08 : CIA-RDP96-00789R001400330001-0 ecuucion, The (!. ie gt vey said yesterday that Nevado det Ruiz suffered “two catastrophic eruptions” Wednesday night be- tween 11 p.m. and midnight. The back-robeck ermpi the northeast flask of the mountam melted enougi. ice and snow on the meuntainiop to trigger what the USGS called “two catastrophic mud flows down the northeast flank,” which were channeled directly into the Lagueillas River in the broad valley at the hase of the mountain. Eyewitnesses said the mud in four tial The northern: t volcanc in the Andes Mountains, Nevado del Ruiz has also been the most de- structive of the six Colombian vol- canoes, erupting in a “thunderous” explosion on March 12, 1595, and erupting again in 1828 and 1829. The volcano wes “still smoking” in 1831 atter its two 19th-century eruptions. The Colombian mountain was also the scene of a major earth- quake on Feb, 19, 1845, that shook -Joose enough snow aad ice on top of the mountain to trigger one of the dice ikst wear racing ey io the Ric Mag- dalena, killing an estimated 1,000 people” then Hviag in the valley. Why did Nevarlo del Ruiz go al- most 400 years witheut a major eruption? Geologists say they don’t know, but many suspect it is in the makeup of the magrua that lies be- tow the volcanoes that formed the Andes Mountains. “The magmas in the Andes are very viscous and stickier, let’s say, than the magmas that lie beneath the Hawailan volcanoes,” Christian- ASSOCIATED PRESE way the i would relive the pressure that builds up inside volcanoes, he said. “Hawaiian volcanoes are ai- ways blowing off pressure, which mignt be ene reason they don't ernpt catastrophically.” Another reason les with volca- noes themselves, among the most unpredictable phenomena of nature. Said Dr. Meyer Rubin of the USGS: “Volcanoes can go 1,000 years without an eruption. There’s no way to predict their behavior.” The upward movement ef magma can continue off and on for years, Approved For Release 2000/08/08 : CIA-RDP96-00789R001400330001-0 anatier eruption. The twin eruption of Nevado de! Ruiz Wednesday night could thus signe! the start of an eruptive period that-could last another 10 years. . There is also the chance that Nevado del Ruiz will have-an impact on the world’s weather. Depending on how much suifer diode gas it pumps into the upper atmosphere, the erupting volcane could send a cloud of gas and dust around the world biccking just enough sunlight from reaching the suriace ‘to cool the earth by a degree or tw. z aint ran oo le hmm ae eh aeteaes: can oe IR Rat LPN AEN NR A EE PI a eA UI RE I PI,