“ stielded room." 08 Approv oved For Re New Scientist vi October 19 974 . eering Depa rtment. King was dogmatic: “f could get information into any The reason, he = ex- plained. is that shielded rooms are simply not designed to protect against secretive attempts to Bet information through. ve The SRI pa per gives only vague inf formation | on | the room in which’ most The cream of spy writers, a radio receiver that can be concealed in a tooth. actually exists and was in- vented by Andrija Henry Puharich —-the man who found Geller in Israel aad brought kim to the US. Puharich is a wealthy Séyvear-old MID who - Eolds 56 patents, primarily in medical electronics. Since 1$60 his inventions cave related primarily to hearing aids for people with nerve deafness. But Puharich’s hearing aid is a unique device which stimulates cer- of Corti stimulates auditory nerves, and the person can actually hear normaly without using his or her ezts at all. The facial hearing system will work with nerves on the face and neck, on the tongue, and in the sinuses, Puharich claims. But for cosmetic reasons, the nerves in a living tooth are best. “The invention comprises an elerment applied to a viable tooth, for receiving electromagnetic signals " at radio frequency. and a transducer element coupled with a receiving element and with live nerve endings “of the tocth for converting the electromagnetic signals to electric signals at audio frequency, and im- parting the electrical signals to the erve endings of the tooth for trans- mission to the brain,” according to Us Patent 2 995 655 issued 8 August, 1S61. Pukcrich tocth recio receiver. Sicra's are received ty the gold filing, corverted te electric sicna!s in the audio Tea vercy range by the rectifier crystal, ecc in parted Crect'y to the nerve | Ficure 7 hearing with a tecth tain facial nerves just as thé organ. lease 2000/08/07 : CIA- RDP96- 00787R0007001410020 of the tests were done (Sl in the Table, p 179)—it says only that it is “a double. walled steel room, locked by means of an inner and outer door”. The second room (S2 in the Table, p17S)is a “double-walled, . copper-screen Faraday cage" which “pro- vides 120 dB attenuation for plane wave radio frequency radiation over a range of 15 Kilz to ] Gliz. For magnetic Normally, the user would carry a small transmitter in his pocket which would pick up sounds and transmit them to the tooth. But Puharich and co-inventor Joseph Lawrence noted in US Patent 3267931, issued 23 August, 1966, that the device ‘may, of course, be adapted for longer range transmission of radio frequency . signals”. Although the device will receive radio signals directly, it works best with an amplifier. In the initial patent, this amplifier is relatively large; concealed in two false teeth next to the viable one with the implant (Figure 2). But by 1964, Figure 2. Signals can be transmitted front a radio to a receiver/amolifier hidden in two false teeth, and then passed onto an adjoining viable tooth as in Figure 1. Drawing from US Patent 2 995 663 . Puharich had modified the amplifier circuitry (US Patent 3156 787) to be mounted on the one tooth. The drawing (Figure. 35) “is greatly exaggerated in size to facilitate: description, ... The entire assembly . . . advantageously is of wafer-thin construction, so as lo be unobtrusively concealed with the cap. It is contemplated ihat the various com- ponents of the system of the inven- tion may be further reduced, to micro-miniature preportions, through the use of SO- -called ‘thin film’ circuit fabricaticr hraqucs”, die an itl in ime 1964 and 1S66 patents is provided by a feed- back Jecp within the meuth, using either two diferent tecth (Figure 4 from the 1966 patent) or the tonguc pressed against an exposed terminal fields the attenuation is 68 dB at 15 Kit : and decreases to 3 dB at 60 Hz." King said that this is typical of screen ing for shielded rooms, and provides the™ key to getting data inside in this case.“ Attenuation drops off very rapidly ats. the very small wavelengths about . aves of 10: GHz or more provide a good possibility... GHz, he said, so that microw nn ~~, Tongue nerves Figure 3 By 1964, Puharich had improved the amplifier so that it could be mounted on the back of the tooth. In this drawing, the amplifier “is creatly - exaggerated in size to facilitate description” and would, in fact, be hidden undes the tooth cap. The amplifier has a terminal on the left which must be touched with ihe tongue to complete the circuit. Drawing - from US Patent 3 156 787 bas the interesting side effect that amplification only works when the tongue is pressed against the tooth, and thus the wearer can listen selec- tively and be undisturbed by radio — signals at other times. In another version of the device, described in the 1966 patent. en electrode “about the size of a penny which is covered on its operative surface with a thin film of Mylar” could be pressed against the skin in © “one of several identifiable areas of the head end neck” effect of hearing. The electrode is connected to a receiver similar to. the one mounted in the tooth. The’. feedback circuit is completed by a” connection to any point on the body. cevice . For example, a quite smali held in the hand could be pressed against the face. Wi An alternative empifier Figure 4 us Feicsagpproved For Release Sbod/di8.2 CLA RBRSEol7e ROR TIS TAGES” I to stimulate © _facial nerves and produce the same
Gel ye a4 ler performs at Uni Celler has worked with one group of scientists in Britain. On 21 and 22 June, 1974, he did a set of tests in tbe office of Professor Jolin Hasted at Birkbeck College, London University. Also present were Professor David Bohm, Dr Ted Bastin (a friend of Andrija Puharich and a strong Geller supporter, who first introduced Uri to New Scientist in 1972), Brendon O'Regan (another Geller 8/07 : CIA-RDP96-00787R00070011 Birkbeck | 7 to complete,” Hasted noted. With that much time, any good magician could have bent the keys no matter how. closely the observers thought they were watching—with the chaos that must have reigned in the office, it should have been trivially easy. The bent disc was one of ten metal objects. “Mr Geller’ was not asked specifically to bend this Specimen rather Scientist, 17 October 1974 020-3 | OtrPer 197: ‘proponent who wrote the first New Scientist report on theoretical physicist Dr Jack ‘Sarfatt, C. Clarke, and several Geller at SRD, authors Arthur Koestler and Arthur other people. In an unpublished paper, Hasted reports that Geller bent four keys and a 1 cm molybdenum disc 0-32 mm thick, affected a Geiger counter, and deflected a compass needle while at the same time producing a pulse on a megnetometer. Hasted concludes that “these observations at Mr Geller could are consistent with the hypothesis th by explanations. Jaa telephone interview last m that “unfortunately there were a we had much there could,’ Bohm added. menters, and that makes it what is happening.” > According to the Hasted paper, Geller bent four brass Yale keys through angles of between I0° and 40°, all cases the bending took a time of the order of minutes . Microwaves have one important prop- erty: they are reflected by metal. Thus, microwaves are often used with wave- guides—long metal boxes which will carry the microwaves virtually without loss around tortuous routes. The air. conditicaing system probably used in SRI buiidings would make an especially good wavezuide—a transmitter placed aywhere in the air conditioning would transmit to all linked offices. Naturally, airconcidoning ducts entering a shielded room bave special baffles to screen out radio waves—but these are highly in- efiective in the microwave range. On the other hand, microwave transmitting equipment can be miniaturised and draw very little power. A microwave transmitter for this sort of purpose aeed be no bigger than a cizarette pack. And _@vVen though Puharich in his patents talks about his tooth receiver working in the Milz range, it should work just as well in the Giz range. In the configura- tion where the tonsue is part of the . Geller wanid even te able to ium it oa and off act will, and thus not be affected by possible continuing trans- raissions, How would such a radio be used? Perhaps the simplest way would be te use it to bug the room in which the revere a ™ [oe Fee target PUTS was being viewed. Targ and Puthoff were so anxious to Uri thet they App “oO with a request m Uri to describo the concentration produce occasional precictable pulses of electromotive force”, As usual, they are also consistent with non-paranormal Indeed, the whole set of tests seems no. better controlled than the typical Geller show. onth, Bohm told me’ lot of people in the room”, and that “as far as the key bending is concerned, better conditions in his February 1974] where it was much quieter”, “T can’t assure that there were no tricks, and no one “Geller works in a very high State of excitement which communicates to the experi- hard to keep your mind on toved:RonReleasa, 2O0OMS/O7® CAR of-hand. second were and rather un- hotel room fin him off”. : Bohm also noted that Geller - by complicated set-ups. We had some Set-ups thet would have given stronger proof, but he was never in the right “In state of mind’, picture out loud after they drew it after all, as they sav in their paper, the shicided room provided “accusiic jsola- tion”. ; Another choice would involve Shipi Strang, Uri's inseparable companion, According to Puharich in his book Uri, Geller first met Shipi in 1967 when Uri was serving as a counscilor at a simmer Cau Too leinede buys, and one of his Hannah, and Uri and Shipi soon became than others on the table”. As I noted in the box on page. 180, SRI observed a si yet they rejected it because of the possibility of sleight- milar event and even videotaped it, The Geiger counter was connected to an amplifier and a chart recorder, and 10 minutes eight pulses recorded. . clicking, which was recorded always accelerate during the chart recorded pulses, nor did a second Geiger counter record click consistently”. To me, this is more consistent with Uri or one Supporters bumping the chart recorder or fiddling with a knob on the amplifier than with any paranormal event. As for deflecting the compass needle, the best comment is that made in the SRI film of Geller: “we found later that these types of (compass needle] defections could be produced by a small piece of metal, so small in Fact that they could not be detected by a magnetometer”, Bohm stresses that to perform, Uri must be in the right state of mind. “My attitude is that whatever he requires, we must accept.” For example, “considering tue sort of person Geller is, you couldn’t search hiin—it would put “during a total period of about of duration of the order of a Ilowever, the loudspeaker on magnetic tape, did not of his “tends to get discouraged constant companions. It was Shipi who first convinced Uri to perform, according to Puharich. And Shipi went with Uri to the US. Although Targ and Puthoff do - not mention it at all in their paper,” - Shipi was constantly under foot during * the tests—at least sometimes accompany:.- ing the experimenters Curing actual 0 experiments, Shipi could easily have signalled Uri in code with a transmitter :. -hidden in his pocket, for example. The .”: SRI paper also notes that “ the picture: was drawn and brought near the shielded.” room” which suggests that Shipi might ~~ have had other chances to see it as well. In the chaos of the computer room for~ tests 11 to 15, Shipi would hardly have been noticed while the picture was being _@ecided on and drawn. The SRI data shows some support for this sort of hypothesis—when the drawings were’ under the control of an outsider who would be less likely to accede to Geller’s requests and the presence of Shipi, Uri failed (Trials 5. 6, and 7). Even if this particular technique will not work, Puharich could surely find a simple way. Four other possibilities came to mind‘in discussions with Ring: 1) Higher frequency microwaves would pass through the cracks between the steel plates and around thé door. Indeed, Hing notes taat the space Pps uR7s7ROEGTOOTTOE2O-B 2 cue a transmitter anywhere in the room
a ne . ot CVs, cirectly outside the shielded room, signals would penetrate in this way. -- . 2) To get electricity into. ‘a shielded room (for lights) without any radio tran- sients, the normal procedure js to put a steel plate (usually the room wall) between two sides of a transformer. The 60 Hz magnetic field penetrates, whereas tadio fieids would not (this is supported by the fact that the copper screcned room shows only a 5 dB loss to nlag- netic fields at 60 Hz). Therefore, King suggests low frequency magnetic induc. ticn transmission of data. Frequencies of 5-10 Hz should pass through double steel plates without unacceptable losses. The transmitter coil could be concealed in a briefcase left sitting next to the wall of the shielded room. Geller would have a coil of wire (for an aerial) under his belt or even hidden behind his teeth, and would stand close ‘to the inner wall. During a 30 minutes test, large amounts of information could be trans- mitted by simple code. -3) If SRI has not properly shielded the mains current supply to the room, it would be possible to send radio signals along the mains (just this system is used for internal radio systems in universities, hospitals, and the like). This could be done with a transmitter suialler than a cigarette pack plugged into any outlet in the building. Geller would simply touch en electric wire inside the cage and his body would act 2s an aerial for the tooth radio. 4) There. is an intercom connecting the inside of the cage with the outside. This could be Jike a telephone and have a Aer to cut cut everything above 3 KHz But if it does not, it too could be used to carry. radio sigaals into the room with the transmitter simply clipped onto the communications wire. The preceding discussion applies only to the extremely dificult problem of the shielded room, The other successful test —-Suessing the die—can be much more easily solved by radio. Mfr Hubert Caddy ef the International Magic Studio, Leudea, tells me that for several years it hes been possible to buy a dice for about £50 which radios which face is up! It would not have been too dificult for Uri to have given SRI a. normal die that looked like the radio die, let them mark the normal die as they wanted, end then simply mark the radio Cie in the same way and switch, Naturally, this all depends on the cooperation of Puharich in perpetrating fraud. Why would he do so? In his book Un, Pukarich reports chat extra-terres- trial powers called Hoova speak to him througa a voice called Spectra, and have cone so for longer then he hes known Uri. Uri's power, be Says, comes from Eoova. To have any hope of having this report accepted, Puharich needs Uri's semtess. Tf Uri care ta Pobeorich end ania fa.a e.22riy2, To heve kuowy you fora year Now and never once have J cheated you. Now they are asking me to do things I may not always be able to do, but if I fail no one will believe in Hoova. You are 2 &reat inventor—giy ve ine something ave sForRele while.” In hisABRP Pu dF tells of citen hearing the voice of Spectra, and _ 2350098 Drv Rit Release 2000/08/07 :C IA-RDP96-00787R000700110020-3. 443 if Uri’s request came via Spectra, Puharich would be sure to ebey. Thus, Puharich need not be a party to a wide- “spread and continuing fraud to have helped Uri in this way, . J have no proof that Uri did do his drawings in this way. But it Gts the data at least as well as the Targ-Puthoff paranormal explanation. By Occam's Razor it is only necessary to show that plausible normal explanations have not been excluded. To be sure, by what might be considered a reverse Occam's Razor, it must also be shown that the route to the normal explanation is not more complex than simply accepting the paranormal. But Pubarich takes the plausible virtually into the realm of Science fiction. Gonclusion The ultimate test of any scientific: research, including the SRI work with Uri, is the ability of other scientists to independently reproduce the results. As Uri himself said on a Thames TV docu- mentary on 15 January: “When I am doing enough experiments with scien- ° tists, the disbelief will drop off.’ But there is a’ real danger ‘this will not cbappen—that Uri will consider the publication of the SRI paper to be all the scientific validation he needs. Uri has backed out on a written commitment to work with the New Scientist, He backed out on a verbal commitment to work with the Maimonides Medical Centre Division of Parapsychology and Paraphysics in Brooklyn, New York. (The Maimonides team is highly sympa- ye an Il aan eceaateme Lent eee ree TT | ase 2000/08/07 : CIA-RDP96-00787R000700110026=3 - Say at thetic to Geller, but it did call in magician James Randi to help set the - experimental conditions.) And Mitchell “» + told me that Geller “broke several engagements” at SRI and that he did not seem to want to do any more there‘. even though “we've got funding for it’. if he will work under conditions accep... table to us.” Uri, it seems, will work: only with scientists such as those at... Birkbeck ‘who seem Joth to set any ° conditions at all. oe Thus, it appears that the paper pub--. lished this week may be the closest to hard scientific evidence we will get, and - it must be unusually closely scrutinised. - It seems clear that no matter how good they are’ as laser physicists, Russell Targ and Dr Hal Putho# are no catch - for Uri Geller. There is too much evidence that they missed out en impor- tant points. And their experiments fail the Occam’s Razor test—they did ust.. exclude non-paranormeal forms of infor- mation transfer that, based on Puharich’s- background, must be considered highly possible. ; . I do not question the integrity of the SRI researchers. But science is filled - with examples of scientists—often in large numbers—seeing what they want to see rather than what js there. Canels . on Mars, polywater, and the suppcsed - double mass peak of the A, particle are just three examples. Several magicians: have told me that scientists are good audiences because they are so easily fooled. My investigations of the Geter. phenomenon support this. The SRT paper simply does not stand up azainst the _ mass of circumstantial evidence that: Uri Geller is simply a good megican, a > qa mets . oa iat: tr Ln. Bae Fda en ML seh Sid et a Nat See ek Rate ta ae i Oa ed