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nt sone AON neylionrerape eo | q 0006-3509/83 $10.00 +.00 Biophysics Vol. 28, No. 5, pp- 952-954, 1983 @ 1984 Pergamon Press Ltd. Printed in Poland DISCUSSION ROLE OF SYNCHRONIZATION IN THE IMPACT OF WEAK ELECTROMAGNETIC SIGNALS OF THE MILLIMETRE WAVE RANGE ON LIVING ORGANISMS* N. D. DevyatKov, M. B. GOLANT and A. S. TAGER (Received 28 September 1982) The possible mechanism of the action of weak electromagnetic radiation on living organisms is discussed based on the assumption of electromechanical autofluctuations of cell substruc- tures (for example, portions of the membranes) as the natural state of living cells. It has been established that synchronization of these autofluctuations by external electromagnetic radiation leads to the appearance of internal information signals acting on the regulatory syst2ms of the body. This hypothesis helps to explain the known experimental data. It 1s known that the electromagnetic radiation of the milimetre wave range €.m.r. of very low (non-thermal, i.e. not appreciably heating the tissues) power may exert a fundamental action 09 various living organisms from viruses and bacteria through to mammals [1]. The spectrum of the e.m.r. induced biological effects is also extremely wide — from change in enzymatic activity, growth rate and death of microorganisms through to protection of bone marrow haematopoiesis against the action of ionizing radiations and chemica! preparations [1]. Many years of experimental ré- search have established the main patterns of the action of e.m.r.: its “resonance” character (the biological effect is observed in narrow from tenths of a per cent to percentage units — frequen? intervals and starting from a certain threshold value practically does not depend on the intensity of the e.m.r.); the high reproducibility of the resonance frequencies in repeat experiments; ‘memo rization’ by the organism of the action of the e.m.r. over a more oF less jong period if irradiation lasts a sufficiently long time (usually not less than 1 hr); the non-critical nature of the obs biological effect to the irradiated portion of the animal body, etc. [2]. . The most general conclusion arising from analysis of the patterns identified is that the action of the e.m.r. on live organisms is not of an energetic but information character [2, 3), the primary effect of the e.m.r. being realized at ceil level and asociated with biostructures common to differe™ organisms. Such structures may be, in particular, elements of cell membranes’ with a considerable dipole electric moment, molecules of protein enzymes, etc., for which, as shown by evaluations | frequencies of the natural mechanical vibrations lic (depending on the speed of sound) in the intet val (0-5-5) x 107° Hz. . Below is described the most probable, in our view, mechanism of action of e.m.r. on fluctuatio® in cell structures and the appearance of information signals in the body.* * Biofizika 28: No. 5, 895-896, 1983. t Such an assumption has been advanced by many investigators. 8. Ye. Bresler W to point out this possibility to the authors. 3 The problem of transformation of information signals into control signals is not here. as the firs considere4 952] Approved For Release 2000/08/08 : CIA-RDP96-00789R00310 / : Role of synchrot initial assumption is tha in part of the oscillator tofluctuations sustained ycted not with excitation pteristics of auto-fluctuation be spectrum. We shall assum faecoeil membcanes.* Sets of 1 oetions of the membranes a oe simplest model of such sierators (oscillators) weak. fin each of which the aut: ‘synchronization of the < ‘of the links between the ‘Onous regimes, if they exi t Therefore, it may be exr ere nt oscillators, includin; (aly so that the mean valu Blose to zero is the macre: uch fluctuations — they « nation system of the bo situation, however, ma netic field. If the freq {the autofluctuations 0: Me harmonics and subh up and depends little ‘onization is accompa hases of these oscill: hasic oscillations of seeffects (for examp! Piedim) and serve he above mentione: hich the actions of structurally different ts of frequencies rr eristic feature of t Lexternal signal rec ‘evel in the system : igiven group. Incre eter of the synct x of the oscillati is of the cell structt “The fixation of new v6 ‘mentioned effect Pthe auto-tiuctuat sxternal harmoni sm of excitat: SereNeO Nao ate tec e
iER ‘tromagnetic rad regulatory systéip srimental data® y haematopoiesi¢: ears of experin esonance” charaél centage units ~—freq depend on the eat experiments; iong period if i | nature of the obs intified is that the we racter {2, 3}, the ures common to ‘nest with a consid dee ZUUU/US/US : CIA-RDP96-00789R003100280001 -7 Role of synchronization in impact of weak electromagnetic signals _ 953 initial assumption is that in the living organism and in the absence of external action all in part of the oscillatory degrees of freedom of certain biostructures is in the regime of co- tained by the energy of metabolism [4]. The effect of an external ¢.m.r. utofluctuations sus ted not with excitation of the fluctuations in biostructures but with change in particular in particular, with change tics of auto-fluctuations alceady existing in the living organism, bei pectrum. We shall assume that the auto-fluctuations appear in portions of the lipid skeletons sd cell membranes." Sets of normal fluctuations with aa almost identical spectrum correspond atin of the membranes of the given cell similar in structure or in identical cells adjacent be the totality of a large number of elementary (oscillators) weakly joined together. The whole set may be broken down into several h of which the autogenerators are almost identical, Within each group, in principle, nization of the oscillators is possible although because of rapid weakening with links between the elements of structure and a certain difference in the frequencies, ronous regimes, if they exist, are localized in small portions between which synchronization pscnt. Therefore, it may be expected that in the usual conditions the phases of the auto-fluctuations including those of a given group with close frequencies, are distributed wee simplest model of such a structure may generator in ¢ac yal synchro different oscillators, : mly so that the mean value of the sum of the phases of all autofluctuations is close to zero. he macroscopic (mean over 2 large number of portions of the same type) close to zero is t s—they exert the minimal action on other cell structures and do not burden ect of such fluctuation rmation system of the body. The situation, however, may fundamentally change on exposure of the cells to an external romagnetic field. If the frequency of the external agent sufficiently closely approaches the fre- quency of the autofluctuations of one of the above mentioned groups of almost identical oscillators {or t0 the harmonics and subharmonics of this frequency) the auto-fluctuations are ‘captured’ gynchronization) by the external signal, The centre of the synchronization band (resonance fre- quency) is determined by the mean weighted value of the partial frequencies of the oscillators of a given group and depends little on the deviations of the partial frequencies of the individual osciila- hasing of the oscillations of all the elementary autogene- tors. Synchronization is accompanied by p' ators ~ the phases of these oscillations concur with the phase of the external signal in a given portion of the structure. Such cophasic oscillations of identical portions of the cell membranes may produce different macroscopic effects (for example, excitation of electromagnetic or electro-acoustic waves in the qurrounding medium) and serve as an information signal for the regulatory systems of the body. For any of the above mentioned groups of autogenerators there may exist several resonance fre- quencies at which the actions of the external signal will lead to the same or similar biological effect. Since other structurally different portions of the membranes have their own spectrum of auto-fluctu- ations other sets of frequencies may also be observed at which the external signal produces different biological effects. A characteristic feature of the phenomenon of synchronization of auto-fluctuations is the low power of the external signal required for synchronization the threshold value of which depends on the noise level in the system and the scatter of the partial frequencies of the individual autoge- nerators of a given group. Increase in the power of the external signal above threshold does not change the character of the synchronized oscillations. The phasing of the oscillations on synchronization may be accompanied by conformational arrangements of the cell structures since the auto-fluctuations influence the stability of mechanical systems [6]. The fixation of new conformations involving metabolic processes in the cells may ex- plain the above mentioned effect of “memorization” by the organism of prolonged action of ¢.m.r. The phasing of the auto-fluctuations of cell structures may apparently appear not only under the influence of the external harmonic signal but also as a result of mutual synchronization of the oscilla- ihe info * The mechanism of excitation of auto-fluctuations in membranes is discussed in {5}. Poe tee wil pune ntcese sedi LEAL wt
renin 954 R. A. ABAGYAN et al. tors due to their rearrangement with change in the conditions of existence or internal mobilization of the organism. - It is natural to assume that the auto-fluctuations of portions of the membranes in the cells of a living organism are not only a means of information transmiss‘on, there role is much wider. In particular, auto-fluctuations, even not synchronous, must exert a fundamental influence on ionic and molecular transport across the membranes. The fluctuating portion: of the membranes acts as a pump the mechanism of action of which is based on the vibration displacement of particles (on average, in a certain direction) under the influence of periodic (on average, not directed) forces [7\. The synchronization of the auto-fluctuations of different portions of the cell membranes may fundamentally influence the processes of membrane transport and hence the properties and vital activity of the cells. The assumption that the biological action of e.m.r. on live organisms is connected with the external synchronization of the natural autofluctuations of cell structures also agrees with other patterns of this phenomenon not mentioned here. REFERENCES 1, DEVYATKOV, N. D. e7 al., Radiobiologiya 21: 163, 1981 2. DEVYATKOY, N. D. ef «f., Electronic Techniques. Ser. UHF Electronics (in Russian) 9, (339 43, 1981 3. DEVYATKOV, N. D. and GOLANT, M. B., Letters (in Russian) Zh. tekhn. fiz. 1, 39, 1982 4. FROLICH, H., Advances Electr. Electron. Phys. 55: 147, 1980 5. LIBERMAN, Ye. A. and EIDUS, V. L., Biofizika 26: 1109, 1981 6. CHALOVSKII, V. N., Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR 110: 345, 1956 7, BLEKHMAN, I. I. and DZHANELIDZE, G, Yu., Vibration Displacements (in Russian) p- 4l2 Nauka, Moscow, 1964 0906-3509/83 $10.00+ * Biophysics Vol. 28, No. 5, pp. 954-963, 1983 © 1984 Pergamon press Printed in Poland INVESTIGATION OF DIFFRACTION EFFECTS APPEARING ON PACKING OF HELICAL MOLECULES* R. A. ABAGYAN, V. N. ROGULENKOVA, Vv. G. TUMANYAN and N. G, YESIPOVA Institute of Molecular Biology, US.S.R. Academy of Sciences, Moscow (Received 11 September 1989) The paper considers the general problem of diffraction in biological specimens inclwe™ ; several levels of organization. Formulae are obtained for diffraction on aggregates of hel molecules in which the size of the cell in the direction of the axis of the molecule does not 4 with the period and size of the helix. The formulae obtained fully describe the positions 4 * Biofizika 28; No. 5, 897-904, 1983.. Approved For Release 2000/08/08 : CIA-RDP96.00789R00310028% Diffracti nsities of the reflexio ne diffraction patter hich was earlier not al reflexion with d= approach developec cal structures will be ICAL specimens are fin the structure of a hi ft os nt in weakly defo bit of the following ot ‘oliowing level wou ion of this rule is t A nization and the sy! ological macromole . In this case, on Bntary cell naturally The diffraction patter d by the scatter ¢ ; present stage of d level of struct ural-functional 1 of unexplained omplticates the p theory of diffractic ig work considers t! t organization and ng the diffrac: fheory of diffrac: fitude of scatter f the form F(R. ¥, is the numbe i scatter facto’ order # of the is a whole m the helical i mit. they are St Fand fare Mill the cell. 4 ids of the