ermeable gas soncept of tt zyme systen, le membre ne Tearrangs® of the auth microbial y rking in one ng of supra- ding of slectro- radia- > (see, for rned with isibility of sponds to Repro rn ~ Aer I Action of electromagnetic radiations of millimetre wave range on living organisms 371 However, simultaneously there appeared data on the effective influence on the functioning of living organisms of non-ionizing radiations of low power (so-called non-thermal level of power) on exposure to which heating of the tissues does not exceed 0-1 K. It was difficult to understand the nature of their actual presence from the same standpoint from which the action of more powerful radiations was explained. Many considered that it is a matter of artefacts particularly since at first the reproducibility of the results was extremely poor. The data referred to different biological objects and the action was characterized by different biological parameters and the acting factors were also pot compared. However, communications on non-thermal actions of electromagnetic radiations did not cease and it would be impermissible to ignore them if only from the point of view of the safety techniques in work with radiations. _At the start of the sixties a number of teams under the joint scientific direction of Academician N. D. Devyatkov embarked on a systematic study of the action of coherent radiations of non-thermal Jevel on living organims. The work was conducted in the e.h.f. range [3] since in the course of setting up the first series of generators covering this range Academician Devyatkov and the author identified the specific features of ¢.h.f. radiations both as compared with lower frequency and far higher fre- quency ranges [4] suggesting the possibility of an enhanced reaction of living organisms to these radiations. Later, the special possibilities of using the radiations of this range were validated in rela- tion to the problems of medicine and biology [5]. For any sufficiently complex system, primarily for living organisms, study of the features of their reaction to agents must begin by answering the question of the role of these agents in the functioning of the system or organism, The answer to this question may give knowledge on the re- gularities of the behaviour of the agent. Therefore, study of these patterns was the maio aim of the first systematic experimental investigations. IDENTIFICATION OF THE BASIC PATTERNS OF THE ACTION OF COHERENT E.H.F. RADIATIONS OF NON-THERMAL LEVEL OF POWER ON LIVING ORGANISMS The first series of experiments sought to clarify the question on the reality of the effective ac- tions, or artefacts, of coherent e.h.f, radiations of non-thet mal intensity (hereafter for brevity called e.b.f. radiations) on living organisms and if such actions exist to identify their basic patterns. It was undertaken on organisms of differing complexity of organization (from bacteria to mammals). The results have been repeatedly and quite amply discussed in the literature. In particular, the re- views of the first 70 publications are given in (6, 7]; in references [8, 9] the technique of the experiment is described and the main patterns, later also treated in reference [10], presented. Subsequent experi- ments confirming these patterns were also undertaken abroad (see, for exampie, [11, 12)). Therefore, it is desirable without digressing on a repetition of these experiments (the main results will be pre- serited in the course of the exposition) to begin straight away with formulations of the patterns iden- tified on their basis. 1. The dependence of the biological effect on the frequency of coherent e.h.f. radiation acting on the body is of an acute resonance character, i.e. the response to the agent occurs in narrow fre- quency bands (usually ~ 10-°-10-* of average frequency). 2. The effects observed in a certain fixed time of the action of e.h.f. radiation are not critical to the density of the incident flow of energy. Starting from a certain minimum (threshold) density amounting for different organisms to 0:01-100 mW:cm? the subsequent rise in flow by 2-3 orders of magnitude for a single action does not, as a rule, influence the biological effect. 3. The memorization of the action of the ¢.h.f.— persistence for a long time after arrest of the exposure of the resulting changes in the functioning of the organism — ensues only when irradiation is of sufficient length: from a few tens of minutes to a few hours. 4, The biological effects of the action of e.h.f. radiations closely depend on the initial state of the body. Single e.h.f. irradiation does not significantly influence the current functioning of the Approved For Release 2000/08/08 : CIA-RDP96-00789R003100280001-7 Sa ne ete ee : wm ee PUA ott aaPPTE NE Te tice oo
372 M. B. GoLant . healthy organism. If any of the functions of the organism is disturbed, exposure to coherent e.h.f. radiations may in many cases restore it. It is important to note that heat exposure cannot give effects satisfying these patterns. This, of course, does not exclude the existence of purely thermal effects weakly depending on frequency and corresponding to low levels of the acting power flux [13, 14). To form ideas from the experiments on the nature of the action of e.h.f. radiations on living organisms a major role is played by the common nature of the patterns presented for organisms of different complexity of organization. This allows one to use the data of many investigations and not to confine the field of the investigations to the characteristics of any one object. Analysis of the patterns listed outlined in the greatest detail in (14, 15] suggested two main conclusions. a) The effect of coherent e.h.f. radiations on living organisms adds up to the control of the restorative processes occuring in them and Processes of adaptation to the changing conditions of functioning; and b) the effectiveness of the acute resonance action on the organism of radiations originating from sources of coherent oscillations external in relation to it is connected with the fact that these fadiations may excite in the organism coherent e.h.f. oscillations simultaing signals generated in certain conditions by the organisms themselves. A similar conclusion is also contained in refer- ence [16]. However, the passage from the patterns outlined to these conclusions at first ran through complex logical reasoning. The question of more direct experimental evidence retained its acuity, namely the present review is devoted to a description of it. The material will be outlined in the order and way in which it may serve for answering the specifically posed questions corresponding to the problem under study. The choice of the experiments described in each case is determined by the completeness of the answer to the question posed ensured by them. In order to fit into the volume of the paper the information necessary for illuminating the most important aspects of the problem the material will be given without going into details which are contained in the quoted sources. In particular, the communications [11, 17, 18) are specially de- voted to the question of possible experimental errors. Here, we would merely note that in the ex- periments described below in nearly all cases the range of changes occurring on exposure to e.h.f. radiations was far smaller than the mean value of these changes. LINK BETWEEN THE ACUTE RESONANCE CHARACT ER OF THE RESPONSES OF ORGANISMS TO THE ACTION OF E.H.F, RADIATIONS AND THE INFORMATION FUNCTION®* OF THE LATTER For the comprehensive control of the functioning of an organism many control signals dif- fering from each other are necessary. The acuity of the resonance responses of the body to irradiation (narrowness of the frequency band, see, for example, Fig. 1) characterizing the first of the above formulated patterns contributes to the formation on the basis of them of a large number of different Spectra. But to answer the question of how far the acute resonance nature of the responses of the organisms to the action of ¢.h.f. radiations may indicate the information function of the latter, it was first necessary to satisfy ourselves that a large number of such resonance Tesponse actually exists. The action spectra (12, 19] given in Fig. 2—dependence of a certain biological parameter on fre- quency ~ confirmed that the position is actually so. t Similar dependences had already been registered in reference [20], only the number of identified resonances was smaller. With such a density of accommodation of the resonance bands in the frequency range their combinations in the spectra may ensure a huge variety of signals. But this wiil correspond to the diversity of control only with the * Below by information function we mean the role of e.h.f. radiations as control signals. t We would note that in reference (19} for some resonance curves from among those showa in Fig. 2b, we present a large number of experimental points. 0031002dM ve Action of el Rio. 1. Induction ca Ry mdition that to eacl r. The action spe fulfilled. They refie
+ PPeproved For Release 2000/08/08 : CIA-RDP96-00789R0034.00280004,7 Action of electremagnetic radiations of millimetre wave range on living or logk 7 5 3 70 7 - #GHz fic. 1. Induction coefficient of Jambda prophage as a function of the frequency of the acting ra- diation [11]. condition that to each of these bands correspond states of the organism somehow differing from each other. The action spectra presented do not answer the question of whether or not the last condition is fulfilled. They reflect the dependence on frequency of only one single biological parameter and the ran throug] d its acuity y in the ord nN a ading to they mr y \ u : iined by the: ' iM RL i Ha ; rire Ix MI A pu HEN | f | ro SN ABN i aA AT NL AT Ma tg AN ing the mo t ii i i H Th ae|| Nei INH | ‘ 's which are ‘ | rH ! pecially de- Og | t it in the exe. SER: bf are to e.h.f, 41,700 44800 #&MHz IONS _ a b a 6b ak | 7T ee signals dif- ~ ¥ A ehteR irradiation ; 40- \ A i \ A A A A A f the above | ae j\ 7. j\ ql ;\ / of different gre i f hi y F ye bP ad PNG inses of the H \ rd yy j pw P he latter, it “= 49 * ~ ~ - ually exists, wer on fre. © 7-10 714 718 7-22 A,mm registered * Fic. 2. Dependences of the normalized growth rate of a yeast culture on the frequency of the acting density of radiation [12] (a) and change in the number of karyocytes (N/No) after exposure to e.h.f. combined pectra may with X-radiation with the wavelength of e.h.f. radiations in free space {19] (0). ly with the character of the change in the other parameters is not defined. Moreover, biological methods cannot signals. : : . : . P . ws gn provide an answer to this question since complete examination of the biological object is extremely laborious, if feasible at all (21). ose shown
374 M. B. Gotant Action ¢ A certain but insufficiently complete answer to this question is detection of the frequencies of exposure optimal in terms of the maxim Processes in the organism (22). The results of one such investigation are given in Fig. 3. Since the frequencies optimal in terms of reaching the maximum changes of arbitrarily chosen parameters are usually scattered far apart the corresponding experiments cannot give an answer to the question of the differences in the effects on the Organism in near resonance bands. given by experiments on the At the same um intensification .of different generate, in prin scribing the inte: ‘fectively interact “animals. , In the course ‘tions by an exter: ONE OF THE POSSIBLE WAYS OF IDENTIFYING THE LINK BETWEEN THE GENERAL STATE OF THE BODY AND THE FREQUENCY OF THE E.H.F. RADIATION ACTING ON IT Since the detection of all the changes occurrin approach t Spe, sent AEE Tear i nearly all the changes occurTing in the cells. Such . ; an integral characteristic is, in particular, the duration of the cycle of development of the cell between pO = ; successive divisions (hereafter, for brevity duration of the cycle). In So-Called synchronous cell cul- ‘ Fic. 5. Duration tures it is possible to select cells with almost identical parameters and e: ® proportional to t/ q ‘parison of this re ” 0 J i | g ences of one spec . a b (parameters influe : ‘At the same 16 , os 8 a ‘ 2 1 r.. ; 646 618 620 622 AymM 9 24 6060 2 4 6 | Fig, 3 Fria. 4 Fic. 3. Enzymatic activity of Asp. awamory 466 (in relation to control) as a function of the wave- length of the acting radiation in free space for two different substrates {22}: J~alpha amylase; 2—glucoamylase. in of yeast cells: a—not exposed to o.h.f. radiation; 6—ex- is the ratio of the cell counts in the suspensio: n to the initial value; ¢ is time in cycles of development between Successive divisions, duration of cycle 1 hr, Fig. 4. Curves of the synchronous divisio posed (23); n/no It has been assumed that a difference in the d in the frequencies of the ¢.h.f. oscillations in the duration of the cycle for different cells was virtually removed and reflected in the constancy of the duration of the steps (Fig. 46). A similar effect can also be obtained through mutual synchronizati illations i lls without resorting to an external emitter. For this it suffices to amplify the emission of the cells. As shown in [24, 25] amplification of emission can be achieved, in parti cular, by introducing into the ceil suspension long-fibrous molecules acting aS antenna (this will be examined below in more detail), cells to els g from the c cells, For th: Approved For Release 2000/08/08 : CIA-RDP96-00789R00310028¢