i us days Jater in Geneva to resolve Approyed For Release 2000/ ;UST 9, 1988 wv ran, rag to Cease ive Aug. 2 8 ACIA-RDP96-00789R00040004000153 + Ea Metrupolitan Washington (See Box on A4) A News/Fditorials B Mctro/Obituaries/Camics C Business D Sports/Classified E Style/Television Inside: Health Detailed index on Page A2 Prices May Vary in Areas Outside U.N. Secretary General Says Talks to Begin Five Days After Truce By Patrick E. Tyler Washington Post Foreign Service UNITED NATIONS, Aug. 8—~ Secretary General Javier Perez de Cuellar, culminating two weeks of intense negotiations to end the 8- year-old Persian Gulf war, an- nounced today that Iran and Iraq have accepted a cease-fire to begin Aug. 20 and will open talks five terms of a final peace agreement. The ambassadors of the two bel- ligerent nations v 2re summoned to the horseshoe-shaped table of the Security Council, where they were called upon “to observe a cease-fire and to discontinue all military ac- tivities on Jand, at sea and in the air” as of dawn on Aug. 20. The announcement came one year and 19 days after the council unanimously passed Resolution 598, to end the longest conventional war’ of this century—which has left a* death toll estimated at more than 1 million, some them the victims of the first chemical warfare since World Wart. : ot The secretary general, who made the announcement in a meeting pre- sided over by Security Council President Luye Li of China, told the representatives of Iran and Iraq that “the restoration of peace will bring far greater victory to the peo- ple of both countries than war.” The cease-fire call was greeted by ap- plause from diplomats and U.N. staff assembled for the open session of the council. Jran’s ambassador, Mohammed CPYRGHT UNITED PRESS INTERNATIONAL | U.N. Secretary General Perez de Cuellar announces Persian Gulf war truce date.. across the open gap of the lower end of the table just before 4 p.m. They never exchanged looks during the carefully scripted nine-minute ceremony. Kittani and Jran’s foreign minis- ter, Ali Akbar Velayati, said in statements later that their coun- tries would immediately cease hos- tilities. Asked when peace would begin, Kittani said, “It begins to- day.” ; _JIn a letter to Perez de Cuellar, Velayati said, “I wish to inform you that the government of the Islamic Republic of Iran is prepared to re-" frain from all military actions on land, at sea, and in the air, starting today.” : ; a The secretary general said in a report to the council that he has assembled a 350-man observer- force from 24 nations to be dis- patched to the 730-mile frontier next week. : Perez de Cuellar said he did not know how soon the tens of thou- sands of prisoners of war held by both sides might begin going home See GULF, A16, Col. 1 CPYRGHT Approved For Release 2000/08/08 : CIA-RDP96-00789R000400040001-3
Approved SE ENE ase 2e66/08/08--C CPYRGHT roduced Formula Bjurner said, a telephone line was kept open to Washington for fre- quent references back to the State Department. Proposed language went back and forth on telephone facsimile machines, Andersson said. “Tt was like a tango, one step for- ward, two back,” Bjurner said. The Swedish foreign minister, met twice with Arafat during the day for crucial decisions. Bjurner said he and Mossberg met through- out the day with top Arafat aides, including Bassam Abu Sharif, a spokesman and adviser; Abed Abdul Rahman, the senior PLO spokes- man; Mahmoud Darwish, a prom- inertt Palestinian poet, and Eugene Makhlouf, the PLO representative in Stockholm. Bjurner declined to say whom he spoke with in the telephone conver- sations with Washington. But a Pal- estinian official told reporters that Assistant Secretary of State Rich+ ard Murphy conducted most of the negotiations at the Washington end with Shultz’s personal assistant Charles Hill, coming on the line aq one point. Andersson, meanwhile, left  th¢ bargaining to make what turned ou! to be a key speech before the Gen eral Assembly. Andersson's ad dress, ostensibly Sweden’s norm speech on the Palestinian questio! also contained a clear stateme that, in Sweden’s view, Arafat ha met all of Washington's requir¢ ments for dialogue in his speech. | “This can, in our view, not be mig understood, not even by the mos suspicious,” he declared in an obvi ous allusion to the State Depar ment. Andersson said that, as he uy derstood the words, Arafat's speed had made it clear that: uw The PLO is prepared to negotiaff with Israel within the framework \ an international conference a co { prehensive peace settlement of t Arab-Israeli conflict on the basis B U.N. resolutions 242 and 338. a The PLO undertakes to respep the right of Israel to exist in peal i within secure and recognized bq ders. a The PLO condemns terrorism ip all its forms, including state terrqy- ism. These were the main points ’ ARARAT, From Al The Swedish Foreign Minis- d communicated to Washing- he main points of what Arafat ded to say and had been told would suffice for a change in policy toward the PLO, he said interview. it Arafat’s speech, written and fered in Arabic, enunciated the ts in a scattered manner and out using precisely the agreed- : language, Andersson said. Vhen we analyzed the text, we d everything the American ad- stration wanted was in the text, he had split it up and he had not 1 the same words,” Andersson ained. “If the United States and ‘den make an agreement, it 1s 7 important to follow every word, that is not the Arab way, and that hat caused the troubles.” hs a result, the State Depart- it immediately rejected Arafat's ech as insufficient Tuesday ht: PLO officials raged, and the g-nurtured agreement appeared ‘denly to have fallen through. Chat disappointment was the be- ning of a frantic 24 hours for jersson as well as Anders Bjur- - and Mathias Mossherg, two es assigned to work fulltime on moting U.S.-PLO contacts. ey operated on the premise that afat was making a good-faith ef- + to meet U.S. demands, but they ilized that more clarification was cessary to overcome mistrust in ashington, Andersson explained. “We traveled between despair d hope all through the day,” Bjur- r Said as he looked ‘back on the ggling. Andersson said’ the question tickly became whether it was pos- yle to save the agreement by hav- g. Arafat make his declarations ain, this time in language and for- ulas that would satisfy Washing- in. Foreign Minister Esmat Abdel- feguid of Egypt, working in tan- am with Andersson, said he met ith Arafat at 2. a.m..and again later . the morning to persuade the Pal- stinian leader to try again. Afab, sources said Arafat resisted t first, expressing fear that he was eing asked to humiliate himself. Ac- CPYRGHT rels THE WASHINGT PLO Chairman Yasser Ar: Honecker as he arrives in STEN ANDERSSON ... played key mediating role ington, finally proposed language that it hoped would-be accepted by the United States and incorporated hu Arafat inta hie nress conference. Approved For Release 2000/08/08 : CIA-RDP96-00789R000400040001-3 afat is welcomed by East German leader Erich East Berlin from United Nations session in Geneva. Post ASSOCIATEO PRES! A reading the statement on terrorism, in which he replaced the word “con- demn” with the word “renounce.” Andersson said the shift of verbs and expansion of the terrorisn statement to make it more inclusive was an example of the changes that helped persuade Washington. In his speech, Arafat said, “l.con | demn terrorism in all its forms.” the news conference, he said, “ repeat for the record that we totalh: | and absolutely renounce all forms o | terrorism, ‘including — individua! -group and state terrorism.” Other shifts appeared similarl | slight. On. recognition of Israel’ | right to exist, for example, th ! change seemed to be association « the word “right” more closely wit Israel's name rather than putting near the end of the same sentence Arafat said in his U.N. speech, the English-language version su plied by the PLO: “The PLO w seck a comprehensive settleme: among the parties concerned in tl Arab-Israeli. conflict, including tl
ina marked U.N. car flying the pale blue U.N. flag. A lead vehi- clecarrying twoother unarmed observers had just turned a corner when three men with Kalashnikov automatic rifles stopped Higgins and took him prisoner. There were no further sightings of the colonel last week. “It’s like he disappeared off the face of the earth,” said a State Department official. Among the terrorist groups claiming to have kidnapped Higgins, the most persuasive case was made by one calling itself the Organization of the Oppressed of the World, which circulated photocopies of his identity papers. The group, which appeared to be an off- shoot of the Iranian-supported Hizbullah movement, called Higgins an “agent of the Cen- tral Intelligence Agency” and demanded that Israel withdraw The Missing Americans non ond tree al of its Lebanese and Palestinian prisoners. = cumstances, security special- Eyes and ears: American officials insisted Terry Anderson, 40, chief Middle East corre- ists might have applied a little that Higginshad nothing todowith theCIA. spondent of The Associated Press. Kidnapped common sense to Higgins’s Hoping to detect some trace of him, the March 16, 1985. case. But it is possible that United States geared up its photo-recon- Army security officials weren’t naissance satellites and electronic listen- Thomas Sutherland, 56, agriculture dean at the fully aware of his background, ing devices, which can intercept telephone American University of Beirut. June 9, 1985. while Marine watchdogs didn’t and radio traffic. A small group of Delta Frank Reed, 55, director of the Lebanon Interna- wanttopreventoneoftheirown Force commandos was flown to the area. tional School in Beirut. Sept. 9, 1986. from taking an Army billet. But U.S. intelligence was chronically short + tat : Higgins became the 10th of what it needed most: human agents on dosent cing, 57, acting eontro}er of the 986 American officer to command the ground in Lebanon. Because the Leba- . cae . the Lebanon detachment ofthe nese government has no real authority in Edward Tracy, 57, author. Oct. 21, 1986. U.N. Truce Supervision Organ- _ the southern region, the physical search for Jesse Turner, 40. visitine professor of mathe- ization(UNTSO), which wasset Higgins wascarried out by U.N. troops and : and BP : . up in 1948 to monitor the cease- militiamen of the Amal movement. Like matics and computer science at Beirut Univer- fire between Israel and the Ar- Hizbullah, Amal represents members of sity College. Jan. 24, 1987. abs. Ofits295men,36areAmer- theShiitesectofIslam, butit is moremoder- Robert Polhill, 53, assistant professor of busi- icans; the Soviet Union is ateandisnotcontrolled by Iran. ness at Beirut University College. Jan. 24, 1987. another major supplier of per- The motive for Higgins’s kidnapping still Alann Steen, 48 journalism professor at Beirut sonnel. A separate peacekeep- was not clear. An Israeli expert theorized University College. Jan. 24, 1987. ing contingent in the region, the that Hizbullah might want to exchange the ; oy 5,800-man U.N. Interim Force Marine for the Hamadei brothers, two ac- Marine Lt. Col. William Higgins, 43, head of a UN. in Lebanon (UNIFIL), isautho- cused terrorists now held in West Germa- observer group attached to the U.N. Interim rized to carry defensive weap- ny. Some Pentagon officials worried that Force in Lebanon. Feb. 17, 1988. ons, but the UNTSO observers the abduction might have been commis- acess vets atone ee | ¢ 2X0) unarmed, in keeping with  sioned by a foreign intelligence service. “It a Hi heirroleasmediatorsbetween wasaprettyslick job,” said one administra- warring factions. “It’s verv im- tion source. “And the kidnappers clearly Higgins took over his new command last — portant tobe unarmed if you’re going tobe knew whothey were looking for.” Now that month—without undergoing all of the the umpirfl,” says Sir Brian Urquhart. the the damage was done, UNTSO pulled its counterterrorism training given to officers recently rftired U.N. undersecretary-gen- remaining observers back to the safety of who might become targets. eral in chafge of peacekeeping operations. their headquarters. Ronald Reagan insist- Pentagon regulations specify that off- ‘You’re n{fch better off maintaining your — ed, however, that the kidnapping would not cers who havehadahighsecurity clearance status as djperson who’s above the battle.” force American officers to shrink from do- cannot serve in dangerous places. Higgins Ife cites fpures showing that the armed ing their duty with the United Nations in fellthroughsomecracksinthesystem.The UNIFIL (=== ere . beret regulations do not define U.N. assignments armed UNTSO men. as potentially hazardous duty. In other cir- Higging was abducted as he drove alone RusseLe Watson with JOHN BARRY and RicHARDSANDZAM Washington and bureau reports CPYRGHT CPYRGHT NEWSWEEK : FEBRUARY 29, 1988 33 Approved For Release 2000/08/08 : CIA-RDP96-00789R000400040001-3
ia of the Old Testament. He adamantl rejects the territory-for-peace concept a the core of Shultz’s peace initiative. Simul taneously, however, Israel is scheduled td hold general elections for a new Knesset i November. The contest for prime ministe is likely to pit Shamir against Foreign Min ister Shimon Peres. Peres supports the lat. est, Shultz initiative, and advocates some sort of international umbrella for peacd talks. Shamir thus finds himself under} pressure to at least appear to be concilia- tory. But he risks losing leadership of the Likud to the hawkish Ariel Sharon if he appears too soft on the occupied territories. Shamir says he favors a measure of Pales- tinian autonomy as prescribed by Camp David, but he offers only cosmetic conces- sions beyond that. “Shamir has already reached the limits of his flexibility, and he is threatened on the right,” a Shamir emis- sary recently warned one of Shultz’s top lieutenants. “Don’t put him under more pressure,” With Shamir apparently intractable, Phultz may find that the two key Arab eaders in the region—President Hosni ubarak of Egypt and Jordan’s King Hus- fein—are of only limited help. Mubarak ow maintains that the West Bank and aza uprisings have made the Camp David pncept of Palestinian autonomy obsolete, CPYRGH PHOTOS BY TANNENBAUM_SYG A Beyond imagining: Three Palestinians pose at the site beret . ae ret Cant Letting George Do It Now Shultz faces heavy odds against a Mideast accord CPYRGHT ee 0 one can fault George Shultz for not trying. Late this week, following talks in Moscow to prepare the ground for the next Reagan-Gorbachev summit, the | Organization suffered a setback of its own. As a propaganda stunt, the PLO had planned to re-enact the 1947 voyage of the Jewish refugee ship Exodus, this time with secretary of state will fly to the Middle East | on a mission of peace, Galvanized bythe 1l- ! week-old uprising in Israel’s occupied terri- tories, Shultz has proposed an accelerated version of the old Camp David formula: limited Palestinian autonomy within the next few months, followed by negotiations late this year on the future of the West Bank and Gaza Strip. It’s a wonder that Shultz is even bothering. Israeli Prime Minister Yitzhak Shamir called parts of his peace plan “totally unacceptable,” and Jor- dan’s King Hussein arranged to be out of town when the secretary arrives. “We go into this with modest expectations.” dead- panned one subordinate at the State Department. But something has to be done to end the violence. Palestinian stone throwers and Israeli troops are continuing their running battles in the occupied territories. In one particularly shocking incident that came to light last week, Israeli soldiers on the West Bank buried four young Palestinians alive by dumping dirt on them with a bull- dozer. All four survived: local villagers dug them out after the Israelis had departed. The Israeli Army announced the arrest of two soldiers allegedly involved in the atroc- ity and said more arrests were likely. But the damage to Israel’s military honor was already done. “Even in my worst dreams,” said Gen. Amram Mitzna, the Israeli com- mander on the West Bank, “I would never imagine such a thing.” Outside Israel, the Palestine Liberation | 34 NEWSWEEK : FEBRUARY 24. - ae Approved For Release 2000/08/08 : Clk | a chartered ship carrying more than 100 deported Palestinians to Haifa. But before the exiles and members of the press could board the vessel, a mysterious underwater explosion blasted a six-foot hole in the an- cient ferry boat’s starboard side. “Our ship has been damaged,” a PLO spokesman told weeping would-be passengers, “but the re- turn will still take place in a few days.” Few, however, believed that Israel would allow the PLO ship to set sail. When Shultz arrives in Israel, he is sure to encounter stiff resistance. Like the right-wing Likud Party he heads, Prime Minister Shamir wants ultimately to an- nex the West Bank—the Judea and Samar- The damage was done: Death, ofa young demons y the only route to an Arab-Israeli settle- ment. For his part, Hussein apparently Hants to keep his distance from the Shultz if itiative altogether. Reportedly, the Jor- dpnian monarch plans to be in London— @tensibly for root-canal work—during the Heretary of state’s Mideast travels. That buld force Shultz to make a detour to bndon if he wishes to see the king. The weakness of the Shultz plan is that it fes On an agreement between Israel | d Jordan over the West Bank. That goal fems as elusive as ever. Hussein, says a Wrdanian diplomat in Washington, “is it interested in anything that helps Sha- | ! | d that an international peace conference | West Bank by giving people the impression of a revived peace process.” Jordan’s mon- arch insists that Israel must agree to an international con- ference in which it commits itself to yielding territory for peace. Under Shamir, at least, Israel is not prepared to go that far. For all his readi- ness to take on a Middle East peace mission in the closing months of his career as secre- tary of state, Shultz may find the principal players as dead- ANGUS DEMING with Mitan J. Kunicine erusalem, Curisropuge Diekeyvin Cyprusand Roserr B. Curien in Washington mir cool things down on the '