Science Applications International Corp. - (415) 322-7960 - Created: Sunday, June 18, 1995 17:52- Page 17 of 21 -------7----- Approved For Release 260 1/03/07-> C1A-RDP96=00791R000206170016=2-——---------- Annotated Bibliography UNEDITED DRAFT 16 June 1995 There is no correlation between quality of the study and study result, yet study quality significantly correlates with year of publication (i.e., methodology improves over time). (2) Radin, D. I. and Nelson, R. D. (1989). Evidence for Consciousness-Related Anomalies in Random Physical Systems. Foundations of Physics , Vol. 19, No 12, 1499-1415, Radin and Nelson analyzed the complete literature of over 800 studies of consciousness-related anomalies in random physical systems. They found a combined effect of 9.8 o with an single trial effect size of 0.0003. The found no correlation of study outcome with study quality as determined by a 16-point quality measure, and a sophisticated analyses showed that the estimated file drawer studies cannot reduce the result to non-significance. (3) Bem, D. J. and Honorton, C. (1994). Does Psi Exist? Replicable Evidence for an Anomalous Process of Information Transfer. Psychological Bulletin , Vol. 115, No. 1, 4-18. Bem and Honorton analyzed the compete Ganzfeld literature and included 329 studies in their primary analysis. They found an overall effect of 2.89 o leading to a trial effect size of 0.159+0.005. Their flaw and file drawer analysis was unable to reduce the result to non-significance. (4) Radin, D. I. and Ferrari, D. C. (1991). Effects of Consciousness on the Fall of Dice: A Meta-Analysis. Journal of Scientific Exploration, Vol. 5, No. 1, 61-84, The authors examined the published data from 1935 to 1987 and found 148 studies from 52 different investigators, involving more than 2 million dice throws by 2,569 subjects. Their careful analysis of a balanced, homogeneous subset of 59 studies showed an overall effect 3.190 for a single trial effect size of 0.0032+0.0012. As in the other meta-analysis, neither study quality or file drawer studies can reduce the result to non-significance. Taken together, these analyses provide compelling evidence for a statistical anomaly. Or as Professor Lee Ross (Department of Psychology, Stanford University), who has been a leading critic of anomalous mental phenomena research, remarked in a seminar, “We must reject the null hypothesis.” Search In general, Search-AC is the reverse process of standard anomalous cognition. Rather than specifying a target location and seeking a description, Search specifies the description and seeks the location. For example, suppose an aircraft is lost at sea. A forward-direction AC task would be to describe the details of the aircraft, perhaps the pilot as well. If accurate data were obtained in this way, it would not help in locating the pilot.” The Search approach to this example is to provide a photograph of the pilot and a description of the aircraft and ask, “Where is this material currently located?” * By using a form of AC-triangulation, it might be possible to locate something relative to land marks. There are a few cases such as this in the Program Office, UNEDITED DRAFT 17 Approved For Release 2001/03/07 : CIA-RDP96-00791R000200170016-2
. ; Science Applications International Corp. - (415) 322-7960 - Created: Sunday, June 18, 1995 17:52- Page 18 of 21 icine Approved For Retease-266 t/03/07-> CIA-RDP96-6679 1RO000206176616=2------------- Annotated Bibliography UNEDITED DRAFT 16 June 1995 60. May, E. C. and Puthoff, H. E. (1981). Feasibility Study on the Use of RV Detection Techniques to Determine Location of Targets. SRI International, Menlo Park, CA. This report describe the use of a sequential sampling to solve the 1-in-N problem. That is, given that a target is actually located in one of N possible locations, how may the correct location be specified? A sample data set from the published literature was used to demonstrate a 12 out of 12 hit rate in a 1-of-10 example. 174. Lantz, N. D. and May, E. C. (1986). Location of Target Material in Space and Time. Interim Report— Objective E, Task 2, Project 1291. SRI International, Menlo Park, CA. Using a hidden computer-generated 20x20 grid, the authors show that 8 of 27 participants were able to locate a hidden target square to a significant degree. Conclusions With computer- generated laboratory tasks and statistical averaging techniques, it appears possible to locate hidden targets. This result could be generalized to real-world problems by assigning each computer square to a real-world location. In a potential application, if by using computer-assisted search techniques, expended resources could be reduced by a few percent, the technique would contribute significantly. Generally speaking, however, what has been called dowsing in the literature is difficult to confirm in the laboratory. Although there are examples in the program office of spectacular hits with Search, the rate is generally lower than it is for forward direction AC. Information models suggests that this may be so because of a channel bandwidth limitation. Replication of Foreign Experiments Often spectacular claims are made in the foreign literature with regard to anomalous mental phenomena. These experiments are designed to provide a conceptual replication to determine the degree to which the claims can be supported. 173. Hubbard, G. S. and May, E. C. (1986). An Experiment to Explore Possible Anomalistic Behavior of a Phonon Detection System During a Remote Viewing Test. Interim Report— Objective E, Task 1, Project 1291. SRI International, Menlo Park, CA. [Note: This report was inadvertently entered twice on the Bibliography as 185. ] 208. Hubbard, G. S., May, E. C., and Frivold, T. J. (1987). Possible Photon Production During A Remote Viewing Task: A Replication Experiment. Final Report— Objective E, Task 1, Project 1291. SRI International, Menlo Park, CA. These documents report on a replication attempt of a claim found in the People’s Republic of China’s journal Nature. The claim was the light is generated concomitantly with successful remote viewing. The study showed significant evidence for remote viewing, but no evidence of generated photons. *# ~~ May, E. C. and Luke, W. L. W. (1993). Phenomenological Research and Analysis. Final Report. Science Applications International Corporation, Menlo Park, CA. Using sequential sampling as an aid to the binary search problem (i.e., one — of two possible targets) is described as part of this final report. | One experienced receiver produced significant results; however, the process was extremely inefficient, and in addition, the novice receivers did not produce significant results. UNEDITED DRAFT 18 Approved For Release 2001/03/07 : CIA-RDP96-00791R000200170016-2
. Science Applications International Corp. - (415) 322-7960 - Created: Sunday, June 18, 1995 17:52- Page 19 of 21 mormon Approved For Retease-2661/03/67-- GIA-RDP96-0079 + R000200170616=2------------- Annotated Bibliography UNEDITED DRAFT 16 June 1995 229. May, E. C., Luke, W. L. W., and Frivold, T. J. (1988). Neurophysiological Correlates to Remote Viewing. Final Report--Objective D, Task 1, Project 1291. SRI International, Menlo Park, CA. [Note: This document also appears under Detector above.] This is the first of a series of experiments to search for central nervous system neuromagnetic response to isolated stimuli. The first of two protocols was based on a Hungarian experiment involving classical conditioning. The second was more like a replication of SRI’s 1977 EEG studies— 13a, above. Scientific Oversight Committee Protocols and Other Reviews Beginning in FY 1986, the Cognitive Sciences Program has enlisted the aid of a Scientific Oversight Committee. They perform three functions: (1) Review all formal protocols prior to their implementation. No experimentation could begin without the SOC’s approving these protocols. (2) Exercise unannounced “drop-in” privileges to observe experiments in progress. (3) Review the final reports as they would if they were reviewing technical articles for publication. All comments were appen ded to the final report to the sponsors. The SOC was to assure the sponsor that the highest possible scientific experimentation was being conducted. 7. Puthoff, H. E., Targ, R. and May, E. C. (1978). Psychoenergetic Research: Suggested Approaches. SRI International, Menlo Park, CA. This presentation pre-dates the SOC, but it does contain an overview of what was known and unknown about anomalous mental phenomena at the time. 19. Puthoff, H. E., Targ, R. and May, E. C. (1979). Experimental Psi Research: Implications for Physics. Presented at the 145th National Meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. Houston, TX. [Note: This document covers the information in #20. Document #21 was an error in the Bibliography.]. This presentation to the AAAS provides a state-of-the-moment assessment of the physics implications of the anomalous mental phenomena research at SRI International. Included is a description of a remote viewing experiment conducted under 170 m of sea water and an experim ent that shows that small, film-can sized objects and 1 mm micro-dot targets do no inhibit the acquisition of AC data. 189, May, E. C. (1986). Enhancing Human Performance Investigations. Final Technical Report, Project 1291. SRI International, Menlo Park, CA Although this document summarizes many of the ones presented elsewhere in the Bibliography, it contains the unedited comments of the SOC for the research conducted in 1986. 205. May, E. C. (1987). Enhancing Human Performance Investigations. Final Tec hnical Report, Project 1291. SRI International, Menlo Park, CA Although this document summarizes many of the ones presented elsewhere in the Bibliography, it contains the unedited comments of the SOC for the research conducted in 1987. 232. May, E. C. (1988). Enhancing Human Performance Investigations. Final Technical Report, Project 1291. SRI International, Menlo Park, CA Although this document summarizes many of the ones presented elsewhere in the Bibliography, it contains the unedited comments of the SOC for the research UNEDITED DRAFT 19 Approved For Release 2001/03/07 : CIA-RDP96-00791R000200170016-2
Science Applications International Corp. - (415) 322-7960- Created: Sunday, June 18, 1995 17:52- Page 20 of 21 Annotated Bibliography UNEDITED DRAFT 16 June 1995 conducted in 1988, 197a. May, E. C. and Lantz, N. D. (1991). Target and Sender Dependencies in Anomalous Cognition. Presented to the Scientific Oversight Committee. Science Applications International Corporation, Menlo Park, CA. [Note: This replaces the original #197.] There are numerous protocol plans for the SOC. This 1991 experiment is a quintessential example of the detail that was required. 197b.Cognitive Sciences Staff (1991). Protocols for the Use of Human Subjects. Approved by the Institutional Review Board. Science Applications International Corporation, Menlo Park, CA. Beginning in FY 1986, we were required to obtain Human-Use approval in accordance with HHS guidelines. This document is just one example of the type of description and release forms that are required by federal regulations. Conclusions Since 1985, the research has enjoyed significant scientific oversight and guidance. As a result, the research quality has improved. The membership of the SOC was selected, in part, for their open-minded skepticism about the phenomena. To date, while many of them believe we have made a substantial case for the existence of an information transfer anomaly, this opinion is not unanimous. The membership is in complete agreement, however, that the research, both basic and applied, is conducted in accordance with the strict standards set by the scientific community. UNEDITED DRAFT 20 Approved For Release 2001/03/07 : CIA-RDP96-00791R000200170016-2