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: CIA-RDP96-00788R001 401 030001 -3
CPYRGHT
IIS
PHILIPPINES
M
ore than 7 >000 islands and islets rise
from
a
partly submerged mountain
chain to form the Philippines. Largely trop-
ical wilderness, 90 percent of the islands are
uninhabited,
percent
unnamed. Two-
thirds
of the population
lives on
the two
largest islands, Luzon and Mindanao.
Predominantly of Malay origin, Filipinos
trace their origins as far back as 3000 B.C.,
to the
first immigrants from Indonesia and
Malaya.
Hillsides terraced with
rice
fields
bear witness
to ancient engineering
skills.
In
the
14th
century Arab
missionaries
brought Islam to the
Sul us
and
other
southern
islands.
The Christian influ-
ence dates from 1521,
when Magell an land-
ed on Cebu, opening the way for Spanish
colonization in 1565. Spain’s rule lasted 333
years, ending
with
the Spanish-American
War. The United States guided the
Philip-
pines during
the
next 48
years, leaving a
heritage of language and liberty. The nation
became
fully independent on July 4,
1946.
GOVERNMENT: Republic, LAND AREA: 115,830
sci u arc miles, about the size of Arizona, extending
1,150 miles north and south, the sweep of Wash
ington, Oregon, and California combined. POPU-
LATION: 32,600,000, mainly of Malay stock. LAN-
GUAGE:
Officially
Pilipino
(Tagalog);
English
(spoken by 40%), Spanish, 80-odd native dialects.
RELIGION: 83% Roman Catholic; Aglipayan (an
independent
Christian
sect), Moslem, Protestant
minorities. ECONOMY: Copra, sugar, abaca, lum-
ber, fishing, gold, lead, manganese, iron, copper,
chromite. CITIES: Manila, port, industrial center
(pop.
1,339,000); Quezon City (Manila suburb),
capital;
Baguio, summer
capital;
Pasay; Cebu.
CLIMATE: Hot, humid, heavy rainfall.
120®
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1 May?
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San Nice
The AUks. landing here Unary 9. 1945, Din
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Approved For Release 2001/03/07
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Approved For Release 2001/03/07 : CIA-RDP96-00788R001401030001-3 CPYRGHT van Chaanel anta Anagt San Vicente “sg , PE. rani “3 ~Pampan qaR. Bulacany “Bocaue Samal Abucay MacArthur s stubbors ovterye of Bataa demed use of Mar % ~w OO . . \ al jarilao Oban 43 Beg Jovaesy sha Bay fee the ca ute eter = Pel five months December | 124i to May 6 nye nga Malabona . MANILA Armonth of bitive ss ese te Quéxgn City ® Cajhtiny endrd 3! “ Psi ty Murny secured Manila hes a MANIL the Spars B A Y . Manila rere Cemetery and Memorial—~ : vena i ere a - Cumimedore Georye f larway defeated . tthe Spanish fleet here or May £. 1308 ‘abcaben Fall of His wdand fortress on May 5, 1942 ended orqanued WATATION Qor Ka its. al us Payun resistance to Japancs orcupatien a rio " Alabangy do.__—Polillo.__.5° , Malints “Himne} a de Bd 0. Islands ins Corregidor. ~~ Qo py ph B10 :) ryt City Caballo 3) Lamon Bay ae? anganiban gde Buy anta Cruz UL , Bay oa iga Catanduanes fog 1% Ban ah ~ ; 1 y, Ruhi © a 1 2 Ree, Vol ot 4 Mayan Volcano “gue _ ies Sorsogon | pul dt ail Burias Donsl® » “7M allanes “huyan * Bulane gat Be . Pa Mas. Ticao hy ants . lial ati Sib aSbaton Mobi \ ‘Hiongal ibuyan open lobo Qo. && Tatas json B, ‘ yet 2 * sh Pan dan yoo Pt FS STATUTE MILES ata ddoro OVE 15.1984 Seq MASBATE %, Calbayog . SAMAR 1 tbajay catainge® Pandan seKalibo, | ag Visayan Bitiran . oC . Culasi | Tang. g sy, Sea Leyte Oct og es ad PANAY, 1 Wright Y Borongan m ke i Na Japan's naval powes wor eid . unreal, EYTE alt Nangtudgiay® ey : Levte ie teYTE wll ; ce iat Janiuay > APE ora aaa des 7 anJose®) Hgilos” foacih mae : alam Daog /Guimaihs be LaCarlotat 5 ebu Panay ae Ay + _ Hinoba-al 2 wn the decisive fattts Leyte of October AY 2G reba “ou? ait Egull ont Os wv g i =f \ nea, ‘Dinagat ainit \ sin nagat ———= ot a weet a ann eit Cauayaty we f 0 surigas, ate 5; Sipalay Bay eare ly Dapa® Sargaq Bayawate, oo . ¥.. Mainit Camiguin \ aLanuza af \ Banthvetd *Siquijor oe A. e020 Siat ue Dapitan, ah" cmp a Dipologk fog Htigan x raquets”, Bay ss mer hudhe piss Sindangan, ; Ozamiz§ ghtigad ° “he Malayb natual ue Lilo “ Laborone a A abstN rpTibod Ba" on 4035 ; Ipil, M “> f: Siacon Sy Manne d® Mane oo Sibucos f $ 3s * Olutanga Cotabatos’ boa ngs! 3 Moro Gull patu Pi aC Basilan Strait sabelae” ~eLamitan Tacul ; Ban Tapiantana Group Palimbang® yh Tongquil Samate. dong Lu  CELEBE gio “LAGO Kiamba® * es Group Approved For Release 2001/03/07 : CIA-RDP96-00788R001401030001-3 Bansalan oP? 9 an7'  Basilan Lebak ra ae "Ko u 6834, Cabadbarany Hilonghilong Butuan oN < eranza t RLianga Cagayan alay § Bis! si iS nig "Baye erg rama atecl * Je oo” eBay mide alabang _ _}Kibawe @Bagunga \ jFagum gana Fenaro is ‘ Manay, -Kidapawan “teDavac Sartal “pe Age os mea eCaraga Davao af Sulope, Cull Governor Generoso lal, 4S ro a urup ie, ae g Cape San Aqustin b Gencral Santos has .g Glan al Jose Abad Santos dah *Batulaki oe tis " Sarangani Islands :
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CPYRGHT
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CPYRGHT
Mill
keep
that
idealism
from
flowering
full).
Far more than wars and on upation. geogra-
phy h as fragmented
tin* Republic of the Philip
pme>.
Its
S ?
people
live on
a
ir.tlaw
of islands strung out north and south for
1 J5t)
miles between the Pacific Oeean and the South
China Sea (maps, page*; / 12-1 a).
No one knows how many
island.* then* arc.
the republic
i Fad f says smiply 'Snore than 7,100/’
New
islands appear from time to time as vol-
canoes thrust their smoking cones above the sea.
And, after a few years of pounding by the waves,
some of these new islands vanish.
The eruption of Taal Volcano on September
2S,
1065,
emphasized
again
the
influence
of
titanic natural
forces on
life
in the Philippine*
I he
\ of aiiti,
i Ding as an island in Fak*-
'l ank
miles
soulli
of Manila,
roared
for
(Free
day* ami kk.
ird out untold tons of mud and
glowing
pumice
(page*
400-7)
Field;
,ncl
bouses were bmied under
siltlike
ash.
I*wo
bundled people lost
t heir live>, and ihousmuw
d homeless on
i he island anal around die lake
i.«
i re
l
ike/,
-o relief centers.
Mv wife wanted
to get awav,
ut
wanted to watch a little longer The eruptions
were not very strong at
first.
“About half an hour later, a deafening blast
ihook the island.
It was time to leave/'
Conrado Andal jammed
20 women and
children mto the same small
boat we were
using. Thev Marled north. aw ay tn-m the v
>(
arm /
eruption
i elite!
They
had
traveled
about two ami a half miles when another ex
>losion
split the night.
“There was a big volume of gas and steam/
Mr. Andal
said. “That was when the storm
and electrical display started.
It was just like
Roman candles—flashes of red and yellow/’
The eruption, possibly triggered by seepage
if water from the lake into the depth* of the
.*arth, created
its own thunderstorm. Billion
jf
gallons
of
water,
steam,
gas, and mud
;humed into the
air.
?\ I r
Andal remembered shuoMi!.'
to boat
•
aiads of reUtere* Iron; the island loina-i north
"] was at raid of the big waves that would
om,
/’ he told us
IF
warning*
* void not be
ae.inl
in the
noi* y night. Mum
the
\ olca
lok \a a inn drowned win n -ewmn w:\\
* en
..ndfed their o verb jaded ho.Us.
On September 50, Ui n5, Taal -un-wed up a
)ku k cinder rone
1,000
feet
in diameter.
It
Armed
a
horseshoe
islet
( \
in
inlet
at
upper
right. page
507).
\\ isp*
o! steam
still
.'scaped
I mm the cone near
liie wale; hue a*
Vve
» /imbed
its cent')
sloping shk
ami had a
picnic lunch on the rim.
506
(hater-peeked time bomb, Taal
\ oleum
rises
from Lake Taut. 40 miles south of Manila. Dor
mant
for half a eenliirv,
tile volcanic island sud-
denly erupted in September.
1 ‘Ho
. blasting out the
inlet
at upper right and spewing a>h and pumiec
Irom the new crater in the ink
sand
feet
aloft, spreading de
huried
stores
{> i d u
* <atail)s-
their
nourishing
stands
of
t
Two
(lav.-
later
tin* volcano
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