SUBLIMINAL COMMUNICATION Approved For Release 2000/08/11 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000500390001-0 Lee, I.; Tyrer, P.; Horn, S. Oct. 1983. A comparison on sublimi- nal, supraliminal and faded phobic cinefilms in the treatment of agoraphobia. British Journal of Psychiatry, 143, 356-61. Lee, I., and Tyrer, P. Jan. 1980. Responses of chronic agoraphob- ics to subliminal and supraliminal phobic motion pictures. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 168 (1), 34-40. Leiter, E. 1982. The effects of subliminal activation of aggressive and merging fantasies in differentiated and nondifferentiated schizophrenics. Psychological Research Bulletin, Lund Univ., 22 (7), 21. Leiter, E. Feb. 1974. A study of the effects of subliminal activation of merging fantasies in differentiated and nondifferentiated schizophrenics. Dissertation Abstracts International, 34 (8-B) 4022-23. Levy, S. Apr. 1984. The selling of subliminal. Popular Comput- ing, 8 (6), 70, 75-78. Libet, B.; Alberts, W. W.; and Wright, E. W. 1976. Responses of human somatosensory cortex to stimuli below threshold for con- scious sensation. Science, 158 (3808), 1597-1600. Lieberman, H. J. May 1975. A study of the relationship between developmentally determined personality and associated thought styles and tachistoscopic exposure time as reflected in conflict resolution. Dissertation Abstracts International, 35(11-B), 5670-71. Linehan, E., and O’Toole, J. Mar. 1982. Effect of subliminal stim- ulation of symbiotic fantasies on college student self-disclosure in group counseling. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 29 (2), 151-57. Litwack, T. R.; Wiedemann, C. F.; and Yager, J. Feb. 1979. The fear of object loss, responsiveness to subliminal stimuli, and schizophrenic psychopathology. Journal of Nervous and Men- tal Disease, 167 (2), 79-90. Lodl, C. M. Mar. 1981. The effects of subliminal stimuli of aggres- sive content upon the analytic/field-independent cognitive style. Dissertation Abstracts International, 41 (9-B), 3559-60. Lofflin, J. 20 Mar. 1988. Help from the hidden persuaders. New York Times. Lomangino, L. F. 1969. Depiction of subliminally and supralimin- ally presented aggressive stimuli and its effects on the cognitive 116 . RECOMMENDED READINGS functioning of schizophrenics. Dissertation Abstracts Interna- tional, 30 (4-B), 1900-01. o Lorenzo G. J. Jan.-Feb. 1985. Subliminal stimuli, unconscious psy- chopathological behavior, diagnostic and therapeutic ispplica- tions. U Autonoma de Madrid, Facultad de Psicologia, in, 6 (1), 30-40. oO Lozanov, G. 1978. Suggestology and Outlines of Suggesfgpedy. New York: Gordon and Breach. wo McCormack, J. J. Dec. 1980. Effects of gender, intensity, ang dura- tion of sex-related visual subliminals upon the submiggon of controlled attention. Dissertation Abstracts InternatiogyL 41 (6-A), 2409-10. K McGinley, L. 1 Jan. 1986. Uncle Sam believes messages abows mom help calm nerves. Wall Street Journal. co McGreen, P. J. May 1986. The effects of father absence og. affec tive responses to subliminal symbiotic messages. Diss&ation Abstracts International, 46 (11-B), 4021-22. D McLaughlin, M. 2 Feb. 1987. Subliminal tapes urge shopers tc heed the warning sounds of silence: ‘Don’t steal.’ New E¥iglana Business, 9 (2), 36-37. - McNulty, J. A.; Deckrill, F. J.; and Levy, B. A. Mar. 198. The subthreshold perception of stimulus-meaning. America@ Jour nal of Psychology (U. S.), 90 (1), 28-40. ° Magri, M. B. Aug. 1979. Effects of sexual guilt upon athective responses to subliminal sexual stimuli. Dissertation Abstract: International, 40 (2-B), 926. ” Maltz, M. 1960. Psychocybernetics. New York: Simon and Schuster Marcel, A. J. Apr. 1983. Conscious and unconscious perggption experiments on visual masking and word recognition. ogni tive Psychology, 15 (2), 197-237. 2 Marketing (Canada’s Weekly Newspaper of Marketing Coggmuni cations). 19 Jan. 1987, pp. 1, 3. CRTC changes mind orftelevi sion rules. oO Marketing Communications. Apr. 1985, p. 8. Subliminal fSsting 25 years later. =? Marketing News. 15 Mar. 1985, pp. 5-6. Threshold messagins touted as antitheft measure. Martin, A. Dec. 1975. The effect of subliminal stimulation of sym biotic fantasies on weight loss in obese women receiving behav 117
SUBLIMINAL COMMUNICATION ioral treatment. Dissertation Abstracts International, 36 (6-B), 30354-55. Mendelsohn, E. M. Sept. 1981. The effects of stimulating symbi- otic fantasies on manifest pathology in schizophrenics: A reverse formulation. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 169 (9), 580-90. endelsohn, E. M. June 1980. Responses of schizophrenic men to subliminal psychodynamic stimuli. Dissertation Abstracts International, 40 (12-B), 5820-21. endelsohn, E., and Silverman, L. H. 1982. Effects of stimulating psychodynamically relevant unconscious fantasies on schizo- phrenic psychopathology. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 8 (3), 532-47. erchandising. Dec. 1983, p. 42. Stimutech (E. Lansing, Michi- gan) launches Expando-Vision, a device that delivers sublimi- nal messages via computer. Merikle, P. M. Mar. 1982. Unconscious perception revisited. Per- 1 ception and Psychophysics, 31 (3), 298-301. eyers, H. G. Feb. 1982. The effects of a double bind induced by conflicting visual and auditory subliminal stimuli. Dissertation < Abstracts International, 42 (8-B), 3432. olitchell, M. S. June 1985. The effects of subliminally presented = praise and reprobation stimuli on willingness to self-disclose. © Dissertation Abstracts International, 45 (12~B), 3986. Mofield, J. P. Mar. 1986. Response of blood pressure to relaxation 09390001 792R0005 ¥ P96- : CAA and subliminal suggestion. Dissertation Abstracts Interna- tional, 46 (9-A), 2632. Biolfese, D. Nov. 1985. When is a word a word? Psychology & Today. qioore, T. E. July 1985. Subliminal delusion. Psychology Today, lu 19 (2), 10. Rloore, T. E. Spring 1982. Subliminal advertising: What you see is 6 What you get. Jjournai of Marketing, 46 (2), 38-47. Ropiarty, J. B. 1968. Cognitive functioning of schizophrenics as 2 affected by aggressive stimuli subliminally and supraliminally presented. Dissertation Abstracts International , 29 (2-B), 775. Morgan, P., and Morgan, D. L. 1988. Subliminal Research: Bibli SADE. DIANE TE Ele EFEULEM ography and Review. Center for Independent Research, Clarion Univ. 118 RECOMMENDED READINGS Moroney, E., and Bross, M. Feb. 1984. Effect of subliminal visual material on an auditory signal detection task. Perceptualand Motor Skills, 58 (1), 103-13. — Morrison, A. P. 1982. Reflections on ‘‘unconscious orfepess fantasies.’ International Forum for Psychoanalysis, § (2), 167-80. ped Morse, R. C., and Stoller, D. Sept. 1982. The hidden message that breaks habits. Science Digest, 90 (1), 28. Oo Mullins, W. W. Apr. 1978. Convexity theorem for subthréshold stimuli in linear models of visual contrast detection. Jour¥al of the Optical Society of America, 68 (4), 456-59. o Murch, G. M. 1967. Aftereffects of subliminal stimulation as SSunc- tion of the delay between stimulus presentation and reacff}n to it. Zeitschrift Fiir Experimentelle und Angewandte Psgchol- ogie, 1 (3), 463-73. oO Murch, G. M. 1967. Temporal gradients of responses to suffimi- nal stimuli. Psychological Record, 17 (4), 483-91. <x Murch, G. M. 1965. A set of conditions for a consistent re€Overy of a subliminal stimulus. Journal of Applied Psychology WU. S.), 49 (4), 257-60. = Mykel, N. B. Feb. 1977. Emergence of unreported stimufP into imagery as a function of laterality of presentation. Disser€tion Abstracts International, 37 (8-B), 4156. =4 Mykel, N., and Daves, W. F. May 1979. Emergence of unrefSrted stimuli into imagery as a function of laterality of presentation: A replication and extension of research by Henley and Bixon (1974). British Journal of Psychology, 70 (2), 253-58. @ Nelson, J. Messages hidden in music are being widely used t¥eom- bat shoplifting—and much more. National Enquirer, 2509 News release. Oct. 1984, pp. 1-4. Controversial ‘brainwashing’ and self-hypnosis software release to public. g Nicholson, H. E. Mar. 1980. The effect of contradictory suPlimi- nal stimuli and sensitization thereto upon viewers’ percéption of videotaped testimony. Dissertation Abstracts Inéerna- tional, 40 (9-A), 4802. Nissenfeid, §. M. Jan. 1980. The effects of four tapes of subiiminai stimuli on female depressives. Dissertation Abstracts Interna- tional, 40 (7-B), 3412-13. 119
SUBLIMINAL COMMUNICATION ———a ee Novomeysky, A. Mar. 1984. On the possible effect of an experimenter’s subliminal or telepathic influence on dermo-optic © sensitivity. PSI Research, 3 (1), 8-15. ¥Y Grady, M. June 1977. Effect of subliminal pictorial stimulation © on skin resistance. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 44 (3), 1051-56. Silson, M.C. Mar. 1975. Subliminal messages in advertising. Paper 3 presented at the Annual Meeting of the Conference on English 8 Education (13th, Colorado Springs, Colo., Mar. 20-22, 1975). Qstrander, S., and Schroeder, L. 1985. Subliminal Report. New © York: Superlearning. Sstrander, S., and Schroeder, L. 1980. Superlearning. New York: ® Delta. Bstrander, S., and Schroeder, L. 1970. Psychic Discoveries Behind the Iron Curtain. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, Inc. Qutput. Jan. 1981, pp. 36-38. Experiments in subliminal commu- QO nication continue. . Dverbeeke, C. J. Feb. 1986. Changing the perception of behav- < ioral properties by subliminal presentation. Perceptual and Motor © Skills, 62 (1), 255-58. Packard, V. 1957. Hidden Persuaders. New York: Affiliated Pub- ~ lishers. bsckard, V. Feb. 1981. The new (and stil! hidden) persuaders. © Reader’s Digest, 118 (4), 120. Bicker, S. B. July 1984. The effect of subliminally stimulating fan- q tasies aimed at gratifying symbiotic and sanctioning aggressive @ Strivings on assertiveness difficulties in women. Dissertation @ Abstracts International, 459 (1-B), 361. Rajurkova-Flannery, E. M. Oct. 1979. Subliminal perception in the gr context of functional hemispheric asymmetries. Dissertation ~ Abstracts International, 40 (4-B), 1870. Falmatier, J. R. Jan. 1981. The effects of subliminal stimulation oof symbiotic fantasies on the behavior therapy treatment of Osmoking. Dissertation Abstracts International, 41 (7-B), S (/—D) 02774-75. Halmatier, J. R., and Bronstein, P. H. Dec. 1980. Effects of sublim- ginal stimulation of symbiotic merging fantasies on behavioral treatment of smokers. Journal of Mental and Nervous Disor- ders, 168 (12), 15-20 SE ty AMO VAS AIT EY. Palumbo, R., and Gillman, I. Dec. 1984. Effects of subliminal acti- vation of Oedipal fantasies on competitive performance: A rep- 120 RECOMMENDED READINGS lication and extension. Journal of Mental and Nervous Disor- ders, 172 (12), 737-41. o Parker, K. A. Jan. 1982. Effects of subliminal symbiotic stimela- tion on academic performance: Further evidence on@he adaptation-enhancing effects of oneness fantasies. Journdp of Counseling Psychology, 29 (1), 19-28. ra) Parker, K. A. June 1978. The effects of subliminal merging stipuli on the academic performance of college students. Dissertd&on Abstracts International, 38 (12-B), 6168. S Pfanner, D. A. May 1983. Sensitivity to subliminal stimulagon: An investigation of subject variables and conditions affe{ng psychodynamic and derivative recovery response. Dissertdtjon Abstracts International, 43 (11-B), 3739. ° Philpott, A., and Wilding, J. Nov. 1979. Semantic interference fm subliminal stimuli in a dichoptic viewing situation. British Jour- nal of Psychology, 70 (4), 559-63. O Powell, R. C. Apr. 1979. The ‘‘subliminal’’ versus the ‘‘subcon- scious’’ in the American acceptance of psychoanal¥is, 1906-1910. Journal History Bebavioral Science, 15 (2), 155™05. Providence Journal. 18 Feb. 1986, Sec B, p. 1. Enter a quiet veice against shoplifting. = Pushkash, M. June 1981. Effect of the content of visual preseged subliminal stimulation on semantic and figural learning task @er- formance. Dissertation Abstracts International, 41 (12—A), 536. Rao, P. K., and Rao, K. R. Sept. 1982. Two studies of ESPG%nd subliminal perception. Journal of Parapsychology, 46 g3), 285-207. S Rees, W. J. Nov. 1971. On the terms “‘subliminal perception’ ”@nd “subception.”’ British Journal of Psychology, 62 (4), 501-& Richardson, M. V. Dec. 1981. The effects of subliminal implagta- tion in written material on the decision-making process. Bis- sertation Abstracts International, 42 (6-A), 2592. 3 Robertson, S$. R. May 1983. The effect of subliminal merging Seii- uli on field dependence. Dissertation Abstracts Internatioggl, 43 (11-B), 3741. a Romberg, L. 1975. Workings of Your Mind. Burlington, Ontffio: Audio Cybernetics. Roney-Dougal, S. July-Aug. 1981. The interface between psi and subliminal perception. Parapsychology Review, 12 (4), 12-18. Rose, C. 1985. Accelerated Learning. Great Britain. 121
SUBLIMINAL COMMUNICATION Ross, D. L. Dec. 1978. The effects of subliminal oedipal stimula- tion on competitive performance in college men. Dissertation 9 Abstracts International, 39 (6-B), 3005. Bouts, J.A., and Pellegrino Van Stuyvenberg, J.A. 1976. Gain curve S of the eye to subliminal sinusoidal modulation. IPO Annual & Progress Report, 11, 56-63. ®udolph, J. R. Oct. 1970. Selective subliminal perception relative i) to approach/avoidance tendencies. Dissertation Abstracts Inter- =4 national, 31 (4-A), 1695. syuzumna, J. S. 1969. The effect of cognitive control on respon- NW siveness to subliminal stimulation in social situations. Disserta- © tion Abstracts International, 30 (1-B), 373-74. Sickeim, H. A., and Packer, G. Dec. 1977. Hemisphericity, cogni- wo tive set, and susceptibility to subliminal perception. Journal of @ Abnormal Psychology, 86 (6), 624-30. Begért, J. Feb. 1979. Another look at subliminal perception. & Journal of Advertising Research, 19 (1), 55-57. &hmeidler, G. 1986. Subliminal perception and ESP: Order in O diversity? The Journal of the American Society of Psychical ** Research, 80 (3). Schmidt, J. M. Nov. 1981. The effects of subliminally present <0 anaclitic and introjective stimuli on normal young adults. Dis- &@ sertation Abstracts International, 42 (5-B), 2081. Schuriman, R.; Palmatier, J. R.; and Martin, E. §. Oct. 1982. On W the activation of symbiotic gratification fantasies as an aid in @ the treatment of alcoholics. International Journal of Addic- w tion, 17 (7), 1157-74. Schwartz, M., and Rem, M. A. July 1975. Does the averaged evoked 0% tesponse encode subliminal perception? Psychophysiology, 12 = (4), 390-94. Shevrin, H. July 1975. Does the average evoked response encode © subliminal perception? Yes. A reply to Schwartz and Rem. Psy- 2 chology 12 (4), 395-98. Shevrin, H. 1973. Brain wave correlates of subliminal stimulation, 2-unconscious attention, primary- and secondary-process think- <{ ing, and repressiveness. Psychological Issues, 8 (2), Mono. 30) 56-87. Shevrin, H., and Dickman, $. May 1980. The psychoiogicai uncon- scious: A necessary assumption for all psychological theory? American Psychologist, 35 (5), 421-34. 122 RECOMMENDED READINGS Shevrin, H.; Smith, W. H.; Fitzler, D. E. Mar. 1971. Average evoked response and verbal correlates of unconscious mental procegsgs. Psychophysiology, 8 (2), 149-62. = Shevrin, H.; Smith, W. H.; and Fritzler, D. E. 1970. Sublimirfly stimulated brain and verbal responses of twins differing in relfees- siveness. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 76 (1), 39-46. 3 Shevrin, H.; Smith, W. H.; and Hoobler, R. 1970. Direct measare- ment of unconscious mental process: Average evoked respepse and free association correlates of subliminal stimulation. By- chological Association, 5 (Pt. 2), 543-44. Pe Shevrin, H.; Smith, W. H.; and Fritzler, D. E. 1969. Represstve- ness as a factor in the subliminal activation of brain and vetbal responses. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 149%), 2261-69. o Shevrin, H., and Fritzler, D. E. 1968. Visual evoked response Qor- relates of unconscious mental processes. Science, 161 (3833), 295-98. < Shevrin, H., and Fisher, C. 1967. Changes in the effects of a¥auk- ing subliminal stimulus as a function of dreaming and nondr€am- ing sleep. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 72 (4), 362-68 Shifren, I. W. Apr. 1982. The interaction between hemispl@ric preference and the perception of subliminal auditory and vgual symbiotic gratification stimuli. Dissertation Abstracts Inte@pa- tional, 42 (10-B), 4211, 12. ° Silverman, L. H. Nov. 1985. Comments on three recent sublinmnal psychodynamic activation investigations (letter). Journab of Abnormal Psychology, 94 (4), 640-48. w Silverman, L. H. 1985. Research on psychoanalytic psychodynqmic propositions. Special Issue: Current thinking in psychoanalPiis. Clinical Psychology Review, 5 (3), 247-57. Oo Silverman, L. H. 1980. A comprehensive report of studies Ging the subliminal psychodynamic activation method. Psycho(gi- cal Research Bulletin, Lund Univ., 20 (3), 22. 2 Silverman, L. H. 1980a. Is subliminal psychodynamic activation in trouble? Journal of Abnormal Psychology. Silverman, L. H. 1980b. A comprehensive report of studies using the subliminal psychodynamic activation method. Psychologi- cal Research Bulletin, 2 (3). 123