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meditation or moving qigong. In the first series, four subjects were examined by EAV before
and after qigong exercise. Three of the subjects were experienced qigong practitioners. The
fourth subject was balanced by one of the qigong practitioners. The results show that qigong
practice decreased the average meter readings of the four subjects taken as a group from 70.
g-j- 4 , 8 to 52. 7±2. 4. The average change was -25. 5i4. 9 % with a statistical significance of
p= 0. 004. Indicator drops that were observed for all subjects prior to qigong decreased in val-
ue after qigong practice. For example, the sum of all indicator drops for each of three subjects
decreased in value from 20,22 and 53 to zero, respectively, and for the fourth subject
it de-
creased from 129 to 28.
The second series of measurements was made six months later with seven subjects. Each
of the subjects was examined by EAV three times, but the subjects did not reveal until after-
ward whether they had practiced qigong before the second or third examination. This
blind
protocol insured that the operator did not know when a subject had practiced qigong. For four
subjects the average EAV readings were decreased by qigong practice from 72. 3±7. 6 to 53.
0±9. 8 (-27. 3± 7. 6%)and increased for three subjects from
66. 5±12. 7 to
73. 1±10. 4( +
10. 3 ±5. 7%). When indicator drops were present in a subject
/ s EAV before qigong ,they de-
creased or became zero after qigong practice.
The results of this preliminary study indicate that EAV
is responsive to changes associ-
ated with qigong practice. Therefore
,EAV may provide basic information on how qigong bal-
ances body energy and affects specific meridians or organs.
1 - 26
QIGONG
: BALANCING BIO-ELECTRICITY BY BREATH-
ING BEFORE BIO-KINETICS
R. Lindsay Anglen
1300 Fieldcrest , Columbia
,MO 65203 USA
In this study 4 subjects were evaluated in an effort to determine if performing a specific
breathing qigong would actually effect the bio-electric levels of the body. All subjects were e-
valuated before and after peoforming meditation to see what changes had occurred, if any. For
sake of ease and objectivity an instrument called the electro-meridian imaging unit (AKA Ry-
odoraku ,Tokigraph,etc)was used to evaluate the source points of each individual. The source
points or /and wrist points were used for standardization. When the pre-and post evaluations
were compared
, improvements , in regards to balancing of the individuals bioelectric levels
,
were noted in almost all instances.
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1-27
EFFECT OF QIGONG ON PERSONALITY
Tang Cimei, Wei Xing
Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing
, 100012 , China
It
is well known that personality and health are closely related. For example, the
incij
dence
of CHD
is associated with type A behaviour pattern (TABP)
; several psychosomatic
diseases are usually associated with neuroticism and so on. So
if these types of personality
could be modified by practising qigong, it should be useful to prevent and cure some diseases.;
;In the first part of our research, the effect of qigong on personality was investigated with
the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ)and Type A Behaviour Pattern Questionnaire.;
One hundred and twenty-two subjects who have practised qigong more than two years by a
mean age of 65 were used as the experimental group. Ninety subjects aged over 60 who had
neve-r practised qigong were used as the control group. The results showed that the N score;
was significantly lower in the qigong group than that in the control group. The persons of
TAf^P amounted to 39. 3% in the qigong group, 51,1% in the control group.
In the second part of our research, all of the subjects were college students aged 21. Fifty!
subjects had
practised qigong more than two
years, and
subjects had
never
practised;
qigojig. The results were similar to the
first part of our research, i. e. ,N score of EPQ and|
percentage of TABP were significantly lower in the qigong group than those in the control
groujp. These results suggest that qigong can relieve neuroticism
, and TABP can be changed
by practising qigong. As
a great number of subjects were investigated
in these researches!
mentioned above, the results should suggest that qigong is beneficial to correct the unhealthy:
tendency of personality to certain extent. But because of the cross-section study, it was diffi-
cult to exclude the factor of self-selection
, then the longitudinal study was carried out by us.
In the third part of our research, the data of EPQ and TABP were collected from 158
college students when they started to practise qigong. Two years later
, EPQ and TABP were
mearsured again. There were 33 subjects who had persisted qigong exercise during the two
years, but 83 subjects only for several days and 42 subjects for a few months. The N score of
EPQ in the perisistent group decreased from 13. 4±5. 1 to 11. 1±4. 9(p<0. 02). No signifi-
cant change of N score was observed in the third group (83 subjects,N score from 13. 2 ±4. 7
to
14j. 2± 5. 2). In the persistent group, TH score of TABP decreased significantly and CH
score; decreased slightly. In the third group, both TH and Ch score had no remarkable change
between two measures. All of these results suggest that qigong has positive effect on regula-
tion of the unhealthy tendency in personality.
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1—28
THE ROLE OF QIGONG ON MENTAL HEALTH
Wang Jisheng
Institute of Psychology ?The Chinese Academy of Sciences
This study includes three experiments.
I. Evaluating the role of qigong on mental health by the symptom check list 90(SCL-90)
1. The effect of qigong on mental health
I evaluated mental health condition in 27 persons who had exercised qigong for four
months by using the of Symptom Check List 90(SCL-90).
My research results indicate that qigong has good effect on the 13 items. Statistic test
reaches remarkable level except the average positive item and the depression item.
2. The effect of exercising time on the mental health
Table
1. Qigong effects on mental health
item
M±SD
group of exercising
qigong for less than
two years (153 cases)
M±SD
group of exercising
qigong for more than
two years (119 cases)
t
P
Total Scores
1.568±0. 447
1.437±0. 361
2. 91
<0.01
Mumbers of positive items
31. 88±18. 59
26. 96±16. 86
2.28
<0. 05
Average positive items
2. 56±0. 618
2. 39±0. 56
2. 39
<0. 05
Somatization
1. 567±0. 661
1.45±0. 49
1.65
>0. 05
Obsessive-compulsive
1. 882±0. 598
1. 72±0. 59
2. 28
<0. 05
Interpersonal sensitivity
1. 719d=0. 607
1. 56±0. 49
2.52
<0. 01
Depression
1. 607±0. 57
1. 48 ±0. 43
2. 73
<0. 01
Anxiety
1. 490dt 0. 555
1. 34±0. 45
2.38
<0.05
Nostility
1. 578±0. 517
1.46±0. 47
1. 87
= 0. 05
Phobic anxiety
1. 329 ±0. 45
1, 22±0. 43
1. 98
<0. 05
Paranoid ideation
1.482±0.514
1. 4±0. 47
1. 3.
>0.05
Psychotism
1.491±0. 443
1. 31 ±0. 36
3. 58
<0. 01
Others
1. 62±Q. 577
1. 45±0. 55
2. 39
<0. 05
The results of the research indicate that the group of exercising qigong for more than
two years
is lower than the group exercising qigong for less than two years on total scores
?
numbers of positive items ^average positive items and ten factors scores. Statistic test gets re-
markable level except somatization and paranoid ideation.
The research results indicate that the longer people practise qigong the better their men-
tal health is.
. The role of qigong on type A behavior pattern
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I studied the qigong group and the control group by a questionnaire of type A be-
haviour pattern. There are 89 cases in the qigong group and 144 cases in the control group.
My research results indicate that:
1. The qigong group's percentage of type A behaviour pattern is 22. 43 percent. The
control group's percentage of type A behavior pattern is 51. 39 percent. The qigong group's
percentage of type A behavior pattern is remarkably lower than the control group.
2. Taking 30 scores as the standard, x
2 test of the result of qigong and the control
group indicate that x
2 = 17. 05,P<0. 001. The difference
is remarkable.
3. The average and standard of the qigong group
is 24. 517±8. 516.
The average and standard of control group
is 29. 813±7. 696.
The test of average of qigong and control group indicates that
t = 4. 784,P<C0. 01.
The difference
is remarkable.
According to my research results
, I think
, sticking to qigong
is helpful to change
type A behavior pattern.
I
. The role of qigong on symptoms of psychosomatic disorders
I have designed a questionnaire of 40 problems to see the role of qigong on symp^
toms of psychosomatic disorders. The effect of qigong on these symptoms is divided into six
grades. Qigong makes the symptoms much heavier , heavy ,no change, light, much light, dis-
appearance.
I investigated 100 cases of psychosomatic disorders , including coronary heart dis-
ease
, hypertension, gastric ulcer and neurasthenia
, etc. They all exercised qigong. They only
answered some items about the symptoms they had.
These 100 cases were divided into two!
groups
. the first qigong group practising qigong for more than two years and the second
fori
less than two years.
The Research results indicate that
:
1* The curative effect on the symptoms of psychosomatic disorders
is from 50 per-
cent to 80 percent.
2. The curative effect of qigong on most items of psychosomatic disorders symptoms
is from 20 percent to 45 percent.
3. The curative effect rate and cure rate on most items
is higher in the first group
than the second group.
I also studied 33 cancer patients by the aforesaid questionnaire.
I got the similar re-
sults.
According to this research, I think, qigong has a good curative effect on psychoso-
matic disorders.
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1—29
A SURVEY OF INTERRELATION BETWEEN QIGONG
CONCERNING 1-23 FACTORS OF INTELLIGENCE AND
PERSONALITY IN YOUNG PEOPLE
Liu Tianjun, Zhang Li
Beijing College of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Beijing 100029, China
The aim of the experiment is to survey if qigong gives influence on factors of intelligence
and personality of young people.
Methods The experiment surveyed two groups of students in th Beijing College of Tradi-
tional Chinese Medicine who had done qigong
exercise
or
not during one year with
the
Raven's Standard Progressive Matrices (SPM) and Edwards'
Personal Preference Schedule
(EPPS) for two times.
Results As to SPM, the difference of scores between the two groups were not remark-
able whether from self-contrast survey of EPPS of the group who had not practised qigong
,
the scores of the third item (ORD) were higher obviously
(first time 13. 181±4. 838, second
time 15. 394±3. 733, p<0. 05) and the seventh item (INT) was lower remarkably (first time
16. 788±5. 561, second time 14. 697±3. 748, P<0. 05), and the difference of other surveys
were not remarkable.
Discussion s According to the survey of SPM, it shows that qigong can' t influence the
logic thinking capacity of young people. As
to the survey of EPPS, the second group was
higher in ORD and lower in INT but the
first group did not make such changes.
It shows
that qigong can stabilize some factors of personality of young people.
1—30
INFLUENCE OF QIGONG FOR INTELLIGENCE ON UNI-
VERSITY STUDENT MEMORY
Pan Keliang,Wang Fanglin ,Wu Liuzhen
Qigong Research Section? Shaanxi College of Traditional Chinese Medicine ? Xi-
anyang 712083
, China
Seventeen university student volunteers took part in the qigong exercises and experi-
ments.
Observations one month before and after qigong practice were compared and handled by
statistical management. There was significant difference. The results showed that;
(1) Those who had seriously practised qigong improved their memory in various aspects
(di-
rection
, numerals
, order , etc. )
.
(2) Memory of various fields was improved , lasting for 24 hours and more.
(3)
It not only indicated that the memory was improved after each time' s practice of qigong
,
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but! also had its significance when the improvement was applied to“stress reaction”.
(4)|The qigong sets employed can really improve student memory, easy to learn and popularL
ize.
!
1—31
A STUDY OF THE BLOLOGICAL EFFECT OF THE EMIT-
TED QI ON MICROBE
Liu Zirong,Wang Jinshen,Ren Jianping
, Yuan Hua
Microbiology Department
, Shandong University ,Yuanji Study Research Institute,
E Zhou, Hubei Province , China
The emitted qi was produced to act respectively on prokaryote-Staphylococcus aureus
f
Pseddomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus cereus
, eukaryote — saccharomyces
sp. and
biological
big jmolecules — seven pectin enzymes. After 13 times of repeated experiments
, the physical
property of the emitted qi was proved from the following aspects.
Firstly, Staphylococcus aureus was treated by
it for 8 minutes, the lethal rate was 76%
,
1. 29 times as effective as that of the bactericidal rate of 2% carbolie acid in equal time.
| Secondly, it had different lethal influence on different bacteria. For example
,the lethal
rate on Bacillus species was
41. 9%
, while on non-Bacillus species was
72. 9%. The former
was lower than the latter. It was also different in microbe
7 s different growing period. For exj
ampje, the lethal rate on vegetative cells of Bacillus cereus
is 50% (mean of 4 times
experi-
ments) and
it was 41. 3% with regard to the resting spore.
Thirdly, it had lethal influence on not only prokauyote but also eukaryote. For example*
the lethal rate on Saccharomyces carlbergensis was 34%.
Fourthly, it
could
lead
to changes
of
the
resistance
of Staphylococcus aureus, Pseu4
domonas aeruginosa to 22 different kinds of medicines.
Fifthly, it had obvious influence on pectin enzyme activity.
Sixthly, it could act through some glass obstacles
, which showed
its strong penetration
and direction.
In brief, the biological effect produced by the emitted qi on microbe
is much similar to
that produced by physical and chemical factors. Therefore
, the identification of the physical
property of the emitted qi
is reliable and convincible.
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1—32
A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE EMITTED QI AND
PHYSICAL - CHEMICAL FACTORS ON THE PROTO-
PLASMIC
MUTAGENESIS
OF
MICROMONOSPORA
ECHINOSPORD
Liu Zirong ,Ren Tao,Ren Jianping
, Zhang Zhixiang* * .Yuan Hua‘
*
Dept, of Microorganism .Shandong University
Yuan Study Research Institute, E Zhou, Hubei Province,China
Micronomicin
is a new
antibiotic. People are getting
interested
in
it
for
its low
poi-
sonousness. Since its fermented liquid only consists of 69% micronomicin, the cycle of post-
preparation
is long with high cost, restriction in popularisation
is imposed. We have proved,
the materiality of the emitted qi;we used UV — 8MOP .laser and the emitted qi to treat the
protoplast of micronomicin-producer. The ultraviolent light in the presence of 8-methoxypso-
ralen (8—MOP) was used to inactivate and mutate the protoplast
.irradiating for 30 sec.
sec.
90 sec.
and 120 sec.
respectively , and the death rate after treatment was 13. 7/o,
66.
7 %, 82. 4 % and
85. 6%
respectively ; 5mJ and 8mJ of laser was used to mutate the proto-
plast, and the death rate after treatment was 83. 7 %> and 87. 6%.
The emitted qi was used' to treat the protoplast for 5 min and 8 min ,the death rate was
91. 67% and 85. 5 % respectively. The differentiation of the regeneration strain was also dif-
ferent.
After treatment by the emitted qi the differentiation was the more obvious than oth-
ers, and
its positive mutation was the highest in the three methods, the GMC2b content of
UQ— 5— 32 mutant strain was 75 %.
We can conclude that the emitted qi has these features
: ability of killing microorganism,
ability of changing strains properties
. The emitted qi can be applied to industrial breeding.
j—33
THE REPEATED EXPERIMENTS BY USING THE EMIT-
TED QI IN TREATMENT OF SPINAL CORD INJURY
Wan Sujian.He Yuzhu.Hao Shuping* ,Liu Yuding* ,Yu Chuan*
*
Qigong Institute, Beijing Military Region
Hebei Langfarg People's Hospital .Beijing Agricultural University
18 small test pigs were used in this study. They were divided in three groups (Group A,
B,C). Spinal cord injury was made by the Allen's method with straight drop strength 400gcf
(50 X 80cm). Group C was the control group. The clinical effect of treatment and
its mecha-
nism were observed in the acute stage of spinal cord injury treated by the Ba Gua Induction
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Qigong 2
3 times per day.
After 89 days treatment , the paraplegic pigs in Group A all could
walk,
the nervous function recovered to some extent. The nervous function of 83%
of the
pigs in Group B were recovered. Not any one in Group C could stand
. The result showed ob-
vioiis difference (P-<0. 01). The autopsy revealed that the degree of paraplegia was propor-
tional to the atrophy and adhesion of spinal cord. This study proved that the Ba Gua Induc-
tion Qigong could produce a biological effect in regulating qi and blood, as well as the meridi-
ans.:
It can improve the regional circulation , remove blood stasis with calm and analgisic ef-
fect. In conclusion, the Ba Gua Induction Qigong has good effect on ESCI.
1—34
MODIFIED EFFECT OF THE EMITTED QI ON CLOSE
OPEN KINETIC PROCESS OF SODIUM CHANNELS OF
RAT CULTURAL NEURON CELL
Liu Anxi,Zhao Jing.Zhao Yong,Du Zhiqin
j
Department of Biology ,Nankai University
, Tianjin 300071
j
jThe action of the emitted qi was tested on axon diaphragmatic and culture neuron cell of
rat by using the voltage clamp and patch clamp technique in electrophysiology. The excitably
activity of the emitted qi was determined by the single sodium channel. The results are sum-
marized as follows.
1. Under the condition of the voltage clamp
, holding potential= — 50mV,Vm= — lOmV,!
the peak inward sodium current INa= -0. 46 + 0. 02 uA. cm when the emitted qi was applied
to the left or right hand at a distance, 0. 5 m for 12 min. INa = -0. 70+ 0. 01 uA. cm. The peak
of sodium current increased by about 40%, the control was by about
2. 7%.
2. The sodium channel of culture neuron had one type of magnitude. Single channel cur-
rent^ had conductance of 10. 6+ 0. 01 pS in normal. The open-time of the sodium channel wasl
usually 2. 1 + 0. 02 ms. When the emitted qi was applied directly to the culture neuron mem-
brane with the hand at a distance
0. 5 m for 14 min. .conductance of 16. 7 + 0. 02.
pS.
The!
open-lime of the sodium channel increased by the emitted qi was not modified.
1—35
SPECTRUM ANALYSIS EFFECT OF THE EMITTED QI
ON EEC OF NORMAL SUBJECTS
Li Desong, Yang Qinfei, Li Xiaoming, Shi Jiming
Institute of Qigong Science .Beijing College of Traditional Chinese Medicine
, Bei-
j
jing 100029, China
!
It is still a disputable question if a qigong master can emit qi to influence others without
any psychological suggestion. The spectrum analysis
is a mature technique for the study of
brain function. In these experiments the EEGs
of a qigong master and subjects were syn-j
chronically recorded, and one qigong master and twelve normal subjects took part in the ex-
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periments. By means of designed program the effects of psychological suggestion of the sub-
jects were prevented. An imitator group was included that the subjects received the imitator
“qi” from other people. The spectrum analysis of EEG was done by a computer on line. Two
samples were made before emitting qi and averaged.
The results showed that when subjects receiving qi and four were made emitting qi
, the
changes of EEG took place mainly in the beta frequency segment , and the power of beta seg-
ment was higher than that of the control. The increases were statistically significant
if Fp2»
C3,C4,Ol,and Pz,five points of betal segment and
in C3 and C4,two points of beta2 seg-
ment ,P<0. 05. The power of EEG of the qigong master in the beta segment also increased
when he was emitting qi,and apart from C4 and Pz points in beta
1 and C4 point in beta2 seg-
ment, the increases in all other points were statistically segment.
In the imitator group >there
was no obvious change in the power of EEG in the beta segment when the subjects received
qi from other people imitating qigong masters.
Similar changes of power in the beta segment of EEG that took place in both the qigong
master while emitting qi and subjects when receiving qi suggested that the qigong master had
somehow influenced EEG of subjects
. The mechanism and significance of these phenomena
are unclear yet and further studies are needed.
1—36
QIGONG' S SUGGESTIVE EFFECT SEEN IN EEG
Kimiko Kawano
Information
Processing
Center
for
Medical
Sciences, Nippon
Medical
School,
Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113
Qigong has been already well-known in Japan. The effect of the emitted qi and hypnosis
are caused by suggestion. Sixteen channels of electroencephalograms (EEGs) during the e-
mission of
qi and hypnosis were studied. Three Chinese qigong masters, and three healthy
Japanese subjects and a Japanese hypnotist and six receivers worked together. A double-blind
test was adopted , so the
qi-receivers
, as well
as the researchers
, could not know the time
when the qigong masters emitted their
qi.
I have previously reported that during the emission of qi (1) The a waves of the qigong
masters appeared on the frontal area. (2) Those frontal a waves synchronized with the occipi-
tal a. (3)The
(3 waves showed the specific pattern on the topography
, and (4) These changes
in the EEGs of the qigong masters appeared as similar changes in the EEGs of their subjects.
Under the double-blind test conditions , no clear synchronized changes were found in the
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