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titudes of the adult population of Western Germany towards
astrology. Whilst about half of those interviewed deny any rela-
tion between human destiny and the stars, approximately 30%
believe
it to be a fact and to the rest
it seems not impossible.
More than half of the population sympathizes more or less with
astrology, but in most cases this attitude is derived exclusively
from
acquaintance
with
popularized
"horoscopes"
of
the
newspapers. Only 7% know their individual horoscopes, but
69% the sign of the Zodiac corresponding to the month of their
birth. The sympathizers are classified according
to different
points of view: sex, schooling, belief in series of luck and
ill
luck, sensitivity to meteorological influences etc. The investiga-
tion shows that the belief in astrology which is widespread in all
classes of the population presents an important problem of men-
tal hygiene. -DA
110. Jung,
Carl Gustav. An
astrological experiment.
Zeitschrift
fiir
Parapsychologie
und
Grenzgebiete
der
Psychologie,
1957,
(2/3), 81-92. 2 refs.- This paper follows
from the second chapter of the author's book, Synchronicity: A\ti
Acausal Connecting Principle,
in which he describes a statistical
investigation
into the relation of factors of the horoscopes of
married people according to the notions of traditional astrology.
The total results exceeded chance and are interpreted by the
author as synchronicity; that
is, a significant arrangement in-
duced by the expectations
of the experimenter based on
ar-
chetypal
conditions.
His
intention
has
often
been
misunderstood. It was not a question of an astrological research
of marriage but of a work on the behavior of figures to which a
certain autonomy
is
due.
In
situations
stimulating an
ar-
chetype -and astrology belongs to them — figures under the in-
fluence of an arranging may correspond to the emotional expec-
tation.
Synchronistical
events
of
this
kind have a
range
of
acausality,
freedom
and
meaningful
in
nature
as
their
background which
is complementary to coercion, mechanics,
and senselessness. -DA
I I 1. Gauquelin, Michel. The influences of the stars and
statistics. Zeitschrift fur Parapsychologie und Grenzgebiete
der
Psychologie.
1957,
(2/3),
102-123.- Describes
his
statistical experiments on the influence of the stars on humans.
He intends to put the controversy on the reality or illusion of
astrology on a scientific level.
On the one hand, his experiments led him to the conclusion
that astrology as such has no objective
reality; on the other
hand, however, he found results in a definite astronomical field:,
namely the daily revolution of the stars, which forced him to
recognize, nevertheless, the existence of a connection between
human beings and the stars.
The author not only discusses the investigations which
led
him to such conclusionns, but also the criticism provoked by his
statements and his answers to these objections.- DA
112. Bender, Hans. Parapsychic phenomena as a fron-
tier problem of the mind. Zeitschrift fur Parapsychologie
und Grenzgebiete der Psychologie.
1957/58,
(2/3), 124-154.
15 refs.- This paper was given as a lecture at the University of
Freiburg in a series of conferences on the "Concept and function
of the frontier in the universities." He surveys parapsychology
as the "Frontier Science of the Mind." The historical develop-
ment is outlined from qualitative material (regarded as evidence
by Bergson)
to quantitative-statistical research, the procedure
and results of which are described. The author points out the
bearing of the theory of probability and the importance of spon-
taneous phenomena and qualitative mediumistic material as a
necessary
background
for
the
interpretation
of
statistical
results, and
as an
indispensable approach
to
analyzing
the
nature
of paranormal phenomena.
Finally
the
relations
of
parapsychology to other branches of science and the elements
of current hypotheses are dealt with. -DA
113. Uslar, Detlev von. On the dreamlike structure of
telepathic assertions. Part I. Zeitschrift fur Parapsychologie
und Grenzgebiete der Psychologie. 1957/58,
1 (2/3), 166-188.
ref. -Images induced by telepathy for the most
part do not
represent reality in a distinct and conscious way, but rather real
facts are elaborated in a dreamlike way. In verifying these im-
ages we have to use the experiences and methods of dream-
psychology.
-
-
XlllCill WUIl
the sensitive O. demonstrates such a dreamlike structure and
the method of
its
interpretation. Psychometric object was a
marriage-ring.
It became evident that the material elaborated in the telepath-
ic assertions had
its origin in the conscious and subconscious
memory of two persons: the owner of the ring and his wife.
In this case the telepathic communication appears as a texture
of relations, with a marked preference for affectively accentuat-
ed material. -DA
114.
Neuhausler,
Anton.
Precognition,
time
and
freedom. Zeitschrift fiir Parapsychologie und Grenzgebeite
der Psychologie. 1957/58,
1 (2/3), 189-201.- If we acknowledge
the existence of precognition, the idea of a fixed future
is con-
nected to
it. This would entail a denial of freedom as ability to
determine what
is not yet determined. The elimination of time
from
reality,
however,
is
impossible.
Whenever
there
are
material quanta (mass, energy) existing
in different states ex-
cluding each other — e.g., a house that is both in an intact and in
a demolished state — then there is time as mode of succession. In
the case of a sensitive foreseeing a future event -e.g., the crash
of the house — he
is in fact not able to see the real crash of the
real house. He can only see an image of the future event. The
conception of ideal images of the future does not include the
condition of their coercive power. They can be outruled by fac-
tors
not
contained
in
the
determining
structure.
Human
freedom would be such a factor. The decision for or against
human
freedom
lies
beyond
the
acceptance
or
refusal
of
precognition. -DA
115. Servadio, Emilio. Parapsychology and the reaction
of Incredulity.
Zeitschrift
fiir Parapsychologie und Gren-
zgebiete der Psychologie, 1958, 2
(1),
1-9. 3 refs. -Parapsychic
phenomena
differ from recognized and
familiar experiences
through their irrationality, through their divergence from the
ordinary patterns, through their improbability and their relation
to mythical and magical positions in the history of the mind.
Analyzing
the
reaction
of
incredulity
towards
parapsychic
phenomena, the author introduces a psycho-dynamic concep-
tion: Rational thinking having superseded the magic mentality
with difficulty, is defended to-day by a well-functioning mental
apparatus whenever stimulated, to the effect of a regression to
former levels of conscience. Parapsychic phenomena
in their
mostly archaic structure are taken as a threat to the very basis of
the individual personality. These mechanisms of denial have to
be recognized in the same way as the opposite tendencies of an
uncritical credulity.
It
is only in this way that an approach to
scientific objectivity
is made possible. -DA
116. Tenhaeff, Wilhelm H.C. On the practical use of
paranormal faculties: Performances by sensitives when
used by the police or for other purposes. Zeitschrift fur
Parapsychologie und Grenzgebiete der Psychologie,
1958', 2
(1 ),
1 0-29, 3 refs. - The author discusses a series of cases concer-
ning the use of sensitives by the police or for other practical pur-
poses. Apart from the relatively rare cases in which complete
success was obtained, there are many where the statements of
the sensitives were of no practical value but proved to be of
parapsychological interest. The contribution deals mainly with
the depth analysis of such failures. The author follows up the
motivation of the paranormal impressions in connection with
the sensitives' history of
life.
Affective
factors often seem
to
divert the sensitives from the task in question. Laymen should
not consult sensitives for only experts can make allowance for
the many sources of errors
(e.g. telepathic transference of ex-
pectations). - DA
117. Binski, Sigurd. Performances by a single subject in
exploratory
PK
experiments.
Zeitschrift
fiir
Parapsy-
chologie und Grenzgebiete der Psychologie. 1958, 2 (1), 30-40.
1 1 refs. - The author briefly reports two series of exploratory PK
experiments carried out at the Psychological Institute of Bonn
University.
In the
first
series,
153,000 coins were thrown in
tosses of a hundred at a time. The subjects tried to determine in
advance the side onto which the coins fell through psychic in-
fluence (by willing it). In the second series, the subjects tried to
direct 26,200
balls
to the targets "black" or "red" of a roulette
wheel. The total results were not beyond chance expectation
but one subject went considerably beyond the conventional
chance limits especially in the first series. This confirms some
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