eee ene A Approved For Release 2000/08/10 : CIA-RDP96-00787R000300210001-7 01—0187—03—3880—XXX = | Phenomenological Research | i | and = i | Analysis | | | a Prepared by: | Wanda L. W. Luke and Edwin C. May, Ph.D. | | | 30 April 1993 \ J a | ee " SAIC. ® ol Science Applications International Corporation An Employee-Owned Company = mn : Presented to: - U.S. Government im Contract MDA908--93—C0004 — (Client Private) Submitted by: Science Applications International Corporation ” Cognitive Sciences Laboratory wat approvell EH REARS oH GHIMIIS.5 CL CRiSASs are rmcowseossoae rare Poa Sm Me
sneer A ST , Approved For Release 2000/0 HhalyuisF RNG Min G8d)B07R0003002 1 0001-7 | TABLE OF CONTENTS val I OBJECTIVE ....-- sees ee eeeeees ene ee eure seen noe esse nenee ee eeee 1 II INTRODUCTION ..... 00sec cree een e ence een nene en rac ne rec eres eee 2 ; III PROGRESS TO DATE ......-.seeerreeer rece een e reer er renee eee 3 a 6.1 BASIC RESEARCH ... oe cece rece eee e ence eens en ecece cere sees 3 6.2 APPLIED RESEARCH ......---+seeesecsereeseersrsne rere e ees 5 . 6.3 METHODOLOGY AND SUPPORT ....---+sesseereresser tenet’ 5 Vv GLOSSARY .... cece eee e eee cece een e nen e encanta access eres e eee ee 7 REFERENCES 2... cece cece eee eee eee eee near e etna nan ee nner ee eee eee eee eee 8 «i FN) hN1 3)», ©. Gs 9 FN 1N1 3) 0.0 : 10 ai an aa “a ond al mi = mal Approved For Release 2000/08/10 : CIA-RDP96-00787R000300210001-7
nad PPB FRYREHORSGRUPRES Ee CA/ AAAI A rill} digs RAGA BEPTIRO00300210001-7 |. OBJECTIVE eee OOo The object of this document is to provide an interim technical report on tasks 6.1 “Basic Research,” 6.2 “Applied Research,” and 6.3 “Research Methodology,” as listed in the 1993 Statement of Work. This report covers the time period from 31 December 1992 to 30 April 1993, and includes all subtasks, * i * This report constitutes deliverable data item number A002 under contract number MDA908-93-C-0004. Approved For Release 2000/08/10 : CIA-RDP96-00787R000300210001-7 '
nud Franaeoindrfote died Fs CON Gb A ndlpeiRROG00RHRND00300210001-7 ll. INTRODUCTION eee eo Under Statement of Work items 6.1, 6.2, and 6.3, in contract MDA908—93—C0004, the Cognitive Sciences Laboratory of Science Applications International Corporation is tasked to conduct pheno- menological research and analysis. This document details the activity accomplished under these items and constitutes the interim report covering the period from 31 December 1992 to 30 April 1993. Approved For Release 2000/08/10 : CIA-RDP96-00787R000300210001-7
wed ARRSROOrTAG Gels Fs GNON GHid Anal yeiRIMASEHOCPETEO00300210001-7 Il. PROGRESS TO DATE —————— Eee This section describes the progress to date for each of the sub-tasks listed under item 6.1, 6.2, and 6.3 (Basic Research, Applied Research, and Research Methodology, respectively). Statement of Work (SOW) numbers are indicated for each section below. All existing human use and technical protocols, as well as the Institutional Review Board Meeting Minutes may be found in their respective volumes accompanying this paper. 1. Basic Research (SOW 6.1) 1.1 Blophysical Measurements (SOW 6.1.1) The following sections describe the activity to date for sub-tasks listed under Biophysical Measure- ments. 4.1.1 EEG Experiment (SOW 6.1.1.1 — 6.1.1.6) The objective of this experiment is to test the hypothesis that central nervous system (CNS) responses to AC stimuli resemble those occurring in response to identical visual stimuli presented directly. The human use protocol has been written for this experiment and has been approved by the Institution- al Review Board (IRB). Details of the technical protocol are currently being developed. 1.1.2 Remote Observation Experiment (SOW 6.1.1.7) The remote observation experiment is designed to test the hypothesis that individuals are able to detect being observed by other individuals in cases where all conventional sensory mediation has been pre- cluded. This study will serve as an independent replication and extension of previous research reported by Braud, Shafer, and Andrews (1990, 1992).1)2 Both the human use and technical protocols have been written and approved for this experiment by the IRB and SOG, respectively. Preliminary trials are currently scheduled to start within the third week in April. 1.2 Data Patterns and Parameter Correlations (SOW 6.1.2) The following sections describe the activity to date for sub-tasks listed under Data Patterns and Parame- ter Correlations. 1.2.1 Virtual Reality Literature Search (SOW 6.1.2.1) Action on this sub-task has not yet been initiated. Approved For Release 2000/08/10 : CIA-RDP96-00787R000300210001-7 3
wal nad Apiproqma hale gion Ras ean card Ana yalpcintesind?er79x600300210001-7 1.2.2 Lucid Dream (6.1.2.2) It may be possible to improve both the quantity and quality of information gained via anomalous cogni- tion (AC) while using the REM lucid dream state to access such information. The lucid dream state may act to filter out external noise, therefore lowering the threshold of perceived information. Last year, a pilot study was performed to explore the potential for using the REM lucid dream state for anomalous cognition. While the results of that effort were encouraging, the difficulties encountered in unmoni- tored sleep made it difficult to collect a sufficient number of trials for conclusive results. The objective of this study is to replicate in the laboratory the earlier finding that anomalous cognition may occur in the lucid dream state. Both the human use and technical protocols have been written and approved for this experiment by the IRB and SOC, respectively. One preliminary trial was conducted on March 13, 1993. 1.2.3 Sender/no Sender Experiment (SOW 6.1.2.3) This sub-task has not been initiated due to the contract not yet having been let. 1.2.4 Q-Sort (SOW 6.1.2.4) Historically, a wide range of psychological tests have been used in an attempt to detect correlations be- tween personality variables and AC performance. These tests have included standard clinical batteries as well as the Personality Assessment System (PAS). Few of these have yielded statistical correlations; however, trends indicate that well-adjusted, extroverted believers might perform better in AC tasks. The objective of this study is to explore potential personality variables as they relate to AC ability through the use of the Q-Sort method. The Q-Sort differs from other methods of personality assessment in that it is not a psychological test, but merely a system devised to permit individual personalities to be comprehensively described and quantitatively compared. First conceived by William Stephensen, the Q-Sort method has become a use- ful tool for comparing personality variables between a wide variety of different populations.? This systematic and quantitative technique for obtaining comprehensive psychodynamic descriptions of in- dividual personalities will be used to attempt to answer the following questions: @ What personality variables are common to those individuals that perform well on AC tasks? Is there a typological uniformity? ® What would an ideal AC-profile look like? © How do the personality descriptions of individuals who do not do well on AC tasks differ from those who do? Both the human use and technical protocols have been written for this experiment. Approval of the human use protocol by the IRB is currently pending modifications of the human use protocol, while the technical protocol has already been approved. 1.3 Theoretical (SOW 6.1.3) The following sections describe the activity to date for sub-tasks listed under Theoretical Activities. Approved For Release 2000/08/10 : CIA-RDP96-00787R000300210001-7
cep eA Approved Fas dRedP ABS ca Ch BAH A ndtpSis RO Ard FRARRO00300210001-7 1.3.1 Anomalous Perturbation Experiment (SOW 6.1.3.1 — 6.1.3.3) A generic anomalous perturbation (AP) human use protocol has been written and approved by the IRB. This human use protocol may be found in appendix A in this paper. Initiation of experiments awaits laboratory assignment from the sponsor. 1.3.2 Theoretical Models (SOW 6.1 3.4) This sub-task has not yet been initiated. 1.3.3 Identify New Experiments (SOW 6.1.3.5) This sub-task has not yet been initiated. 1.3.4 Entropy Experiment (SOW 6.1 -3.6) The objective of this study is to determine if the quality of AC is related to the total change of Shannon Entropy of the target. Both the human use and technical protocols have been written and approved for this experiment by the IRB and SOC respectively. The target pool for this experiment has been compiled and is currently in the process of being digitized. Initial trials are projected to start on April 21, 1993. 2. Applied Research (SOW 6.2) 2.1 Tacking Database (SOW 6.2.1) An existing database has been modified to record the outcome of AC experiments. 2.2 Quantitative Application Assessment (SOW 6.2.2) Programs are under development for fractal decomposition of natural scenes. 2.3 Applications Test-Bed (SOW 6.2.3) A generic anomalous cognition (AC) human use protocol has been written and approved by the IRB. This human use protocol may be found in appendix A in this paper. Initiation of this sub-task awaits action from the sponsor. 3. Methodology and Support (SOW 6.3) 3.1 IRB/POC/SOC (SOW 6.3.1) The Institutional Review Board (IRB) met in SAIC’s Cognitive Sciences Laboratory in Menlo Park, California on January 22, 1993. The Policy Oversight Committee (POC) met in SAIC’s Cognitive Sciences Laboratory in Menlo Park, California on March 17, 1993. The Scientific Oversight Committee (SOC) met in SAIC’s Cognitive Sciences Laboratory in Menlo Park, California on March 26, 1993. The minutes for this meeting may be found in appendix A of this paper. Approved For Release 2000/08/10 : CIA-RDP96-00787R000300210001-7 5
ea nad parexRenorsgRelpRescztea/andl Analysisa iitedae HPA 00300210001-7 3.2 Administration (SOW 6.3.2) Project administration is an ongoing effort. 3.3 Attended Conferences (SOW 6.3.3) This sub-task has not yet been initiated. 3.4 Sponsor International Conference (SOW 6.3.3) Mr. Yuri Dolin of the Former Soviet Union (FSU) visited SAIC’s Cognitive Sciences Laboratory in Menlo Park, California from March 5, 1993 to March 16, 1993. During this visit, he presented a paper to the Cognitive Sciences Laboratory and there was one trial conducted in which an attempt was made to replicate Dolin’s experiment. This trial was unsuccessful. A translated copy of his paper can be found in appendix B at the end of this paper. SG1B Approved For Release 2000/08/10 : CIA-RDP96-00787R000300210001-7 6
ned APbpevonvdiroloBielidsesaaNthaidMnGlysROR8Gi90K8PRA00300210001-7 IV. GLOSSARY Not all the terms defined below are germane to all studies found within this report, however they are included here for completeness. In a typical anomalous mental phenomena (AMP) task, we define: e alous nition—A form of information transfer in which all known sensorial stimuli are ab- sent. That is, some individuals are able to gain access, by as yet an unknown process, to information that is not available to the known sensorial channels. © Receiver—An individual who attempts to perceive and report information about a target. @ Agent—An individual who attempts to influence a target system. © Target—An item that is the focus of an AMP task (e.g., person, place, thing, event). © Target Designation—A method by which a specific target, against the backdrop of all other possible targets, is identified to the receiver (e.g., geographical coordinates). ®@ Sender/Beacon—An individual who, while receiving direct sensorial stimuli from an intended target, acts as a putative transmitter to the receiver. ® Monitor—An individual who monitors an AC session to facilitate data collection. ® Session—A time period during which AC data is collected. ® Protocol—A template for conducting a structured data collection session. @ Response—Material] that is produced during an AC session in response to the intended target. @ Feedback—After a response has been secured, information about the intended target is displayed to the receiver. @ Analyst—An individual who provides a quantitative measure of AC. © Speciality—A given receiver's ability to be particularly successful with a given class of targets (e.g., people as opposed to buildings). Approved For Release 2000/08/10 : CIA-RDP96-00787R000300210001-7 7
CPYRGARProved For Release 2000/08/10 : CIA-RDP96-00787R000300210001-7 Ani = Tei/Tpif Aca = Tei/Tpi where I,,; is the mean value of the EEG power spectrum during the epoch of the sender's influence; I,; is the mean value of the EEG power during the pre-stimulus epoch (baseline); A,,; characterizes the magnitute of sender's influence, and A,; characterizes changes in the EEG power spectra during control periods (everything is set- up the same way as the test period but no sender attempts "distant influence"). This approach to the analysis made it possible to compare the results obtained during different days and to minimize the error, making the error in the control no greater than 3%. Aa; and A,,.were calculated signifying mean values for activation and inhibition trials, respectively. The data are presented below: Short-distance tests, changes in alpha control inhibition activation influence Number of tests 53 21 21 56 Mean 0.869774 1.09624 0.734714 0.874214 Variance 0.0650086. 0.0798939 0.0621056 0.102312 Mean square diviation 0.254968 0.282655 0.24921 0.319862 MSQ of the mean 0.0350225 0.0616804 0.0543821 0.0427433 Lower quartile 0.686 0.954 0.544 0.623 Upper quartile 0.979 1.331 0.913 1.1045 Interquartile range 0.293 0.377 0.369 0.4815 The level of significance for changes of alpha: The left hemisphere The right hemisphere Activation p < 0.019 p < 0.004 Inhibition p < 0.067 p < 0.012 The results are also presented in Figs. 6-10. About 140 long-distance trial were performed from September 10, 1992 to November 25, 1992 with the same two subjects. The duration of the trial was 2.5 minutes. The senders, working for only one or two days, were excluded from the analysis; only the trials with two longer-working senders were included. There were 105 trials subjected to analysis: 53 were control trials and 52 test trials. However, the senders did not specify which trials were activation and which were inhibition; thus, the analysis could Approved For Release 2000/08/10 : CIA-RDP96-00787R000300210001-7
cpyhenigved For Release 2000/08/10 : CIA-RDP96-00787R000300210001-7 not be performed the same way as above. However, the changes in variance and interquartile ranges indicated the non-uniformity of the samples (see Fig. 13). There is a more detailed discussion of the analysis of the results in the text, which will be included in a _ complete translation of the paper. Approved For Release 2000/08/10 : CIA-RDP96-00787R000300210001-7
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