Journal of the Societyfor PnxhhVM9Wd F° r Re lease 2000/08/11
i CIA-RDP96-00792R000700340004-0
rJ7
rVcnKar*z*Mrlti
[Vol. 56 , No. 820-uly 19901
A Questionnaire Study of Expenental Reactions
A QULS1 IONNAIRfc SfTOYOF E^^
R1ENT1AL REACTIONS TO Aier upper limbs when he felt tremors. He realized that a minor earthquake was in
EALER
progress
and
the voung woman moved toward him
for
support. Macedo
•mbraced the stranger and claims that he felt a sudden ‘surge of energy
as well
is a strong conviction that he could heal her paralysis. When the earthquake
tremors subsided, the woman realized that she had used her arms for the first
time
in many
years.
Because
the
stranger’s
paralysis
did
not
return,
she
proclaimed herself ‘healed’ and gave Brother Macedo the credit
^
From the time of the experience, Macedo has devoted himself to
spiritual
healing’,
using a
curative power he purportedly generates through
prayer,
i Macedo uses the word ‘telergy’ to describe his work. In a typical healing session,
he will ask people to close their eyes and will hold his hands a short distance from
their body. He will then pray in an attempt to generate and transfer the
telergy
.
His prayers are directed to Jesus Christ.
Brother Macedo’s reputation has grown to the extent that he has been visited ^
bv people from various parts of Brazil, as well as individuals from several foreign
countries. In addition, he claims that sometimes
it is possible for him to heal
people at a distance. Macedo holds weekly healing seminars each Thursday and
encourages people to focus upon his meeting* at that time, believing that the
by Stanley Krippner
abstract
t
rins a
“ir
,our »f Br“a
The questionnaires
S
" Tn"
** 6 a"d 12 months ’ab-
reactions of these individuals A statistical anX^ ft
attltudes and experiential
significant correlations. The reported determin
r
^
sPonses determined two
the sake nf™,’,
f
...
determination to change one’s behavior for
subjects’ spiritual viewpointVe^
positive change in
‘energy and
vitality’
following
ihp
h
r
®
ubJ ects
perceived increase in
changes in subjects^mental atdtndes Th
S
SeSS1
,
0ns were
Positively
related
to
had been reported t—
--’
6 COrrelations as well as several
USed with a gTOUD
t)i nmnit* melting
.
,
,
.
*
I neaJers.
of annarpnt
onAw,«ic-
’
° T
11”!’
)• The literature contains instanr^s
instances
; curative powers will transcend distance.
eels U1
ills LUiauvb
.
.
-
t
I
•
i
Unlike the members of the previous group, the individuals on this study tour
were not seriouslv
ill but joined
it for other personal or professional reasons^
J
+.
.
i
.
.1
VioH KA#»n llgpn
y
,
v.iictp. o, ooivin,
Kirkpatrick*
",
hCaling WUh ^equate
follow-up
(e.g7
Achterberg,”
1 975;
’ HalM 983^
" anXh^f
”ndbIe
.by ordl "arY mechanisms (e.g.,
Responses from this group were elicited to the same questions as naa Deen useu
healings hive not surged rigoroSl
dramatic
in the previous study. In this case, however, the questionnaires were mailed to
to identify some of the experiential r
'
•§•> Kandl
> 1987). In an attempt
the
subjects
upon
their
return;
the
previous
subjects
had comp e
healers, Westerbeke and Krippner (WmTolT f
Pe°ple
’
S reacdons to mental
questionnaires on
their
flight back
to North America, several days
after the
seriouslv
ill persons who risked one nf
8°
F "duCted a questionnaire study of 88
conclusion of their healing sessions. Most questions were phrased so that they
were asked to
T"!^
Tl"‘ »<*«
>*
« » S-,
f 5-poin. scale. To avoid a ‘halo effect', the value
well a, 6 and
1 2 months later. Of the 88Tpproa’chei j
h
f
,rhe4ins
te“:onsas
of a rating ofT varied; for half the questions it.meant a great—
t
^andfor
mg sessions as
questionnaires, making thislse^dect^sS7’
J
‘
c
?mpleted
a11 ^ree
and
spiritual
changes
were
related
at stmkr
if
? ?
phys,caI ’ mental,
subjects’ confidence in the efficacy of mental heahng^X t^
^
m ‘energy and
vitality’ following the heali
perceived increases
previous experiences wi
the practitioner, to
icaling sessions,
to
to the willingness to
one’s health problems
luiiownig me
1 .
-I---—— --th alleged psychic phenomena and
mtT hT
S
r f
aVi°r
in 0rder
to obta‘u
relief from
(VVesterbeke, Glover & Krippner,
1977).
Procedure
A similar opportunity afforded
itself in
19«3 -hen
the
v
.
~ in”^ “ Nr; '“ r °r= • People
group was to spend the mmi
t
~
^
t
CeS ’
A f
be Pracdt *oner with whom
this
BTr“;SrSX
a
oidTh
the City
S‘
e
p
ra“°7Sia“
the armed forces a„d
„
h' °"T
had b“" »
executive 1
age of49. Macedo was walking bvl
208
of a rating of‘l’ varied; for half the questions
it meant ‘a great amount
and tor
the other half it signified ‘a small amount’. (For this reason, a number of negative
correlations were obtained, but for clarity Table
1 presents
all correlations as
positive, including those obtained from the earlier sample.)
Using
the
Pearson
product-moment
coefficient
of
correlation,
the
quantitative
items
from
the
first
questionnaire were
correlated
with
the
outcome items from the third questionnaire. The 3 quantitative items m the
second questionnaire were correlated with the 3 outcome items m the third
questionnaire. A total of 21 correlations were made. Fifteen individuals did not
complete either or both of their follow-up questionnaires, reducing the number ot
subjects to 10 (6 women, 4 men).
^Table
presents the results of this study and compares them
to the data
obtained in the previous investigation. One question asked,
If regaining hea t
necessitates changing your personality or style of living, to what extent would
vou be willing to make a change?’ Five types of response were possible ranging
from
‘I would not be willing to change my life’ to ‘I would make any changes a
all
if it meant getting well’. These responses were significantly and positively
related to professed improvement in one’s spiritual viewpoint for both groups
: QiAt^^afi^?*9^OO^0t@i34^MoO the FiIiPino study sroup -
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Approved For Release 2000/08/11
: CIA-RDP96-00792R000700340004-0
Journal
of
the
Society
for
Psychical
Research
[Vol.
56,
No.
^j
y
1990]