Ne P/f/tTA\NS STANFORD RESEARCH INSTITUTE Menlo Park, California 94025 - U.S.A. Wer “AN ae a: wal Final Report Covering the Period January 1974 through February 1975 ~ . m= PERCEPTUAL AUGMENTATION TECHNIQUES = Part One--Executive Summary a By: Harold E. Puthoff and Russell Targ a Electronics and Bioengineering Laboratory = +) py._027585 SRI Project 3183 CLANGIFED bY, 027980 ane | *Y FROM CENERAL DECLASSIMLATOs | al 5p cy. (2), Q) OR (4) (CIRCLE. ONE OR MGGE) AUTOMATICALLY DECLASSIFIED ON Impossible to determine _—_ Approved by: (UNLESS IMPOSSIBLE, INSERT DATE Ok EVENT) P| L Earle Jones, Director - Electronics and Bioengineering Laboratory Bonnar Cox, Executive Director ; Information Science and Engineering Division = ry SITY INCADM ATION tl NATIONAL SECURITY INFORMATION - Unauthorized Disclosure Subject to Criminal Sanctions. - Approved For Release 2000/08/10 : CIA-RDP96-00787R000200010010-0
al Approved For Release ON CLASSIFIED I OBJECTIVE ‘The goal of this program was to determine the extent to which certain individuals obtain accurate information about their environment under con- ditions thought to be secure against such access and without the use of known human perceptual modalities. The program was divided into two categories of approximately equal effort--applied research and. basic research. The applied research effort explored the operational utility of the above perceptual abilities. The basic research effort was directed toward identification of the charac— teristics of individuals possessing such abilities and the determination of neurophysiological correlates and basic mechanisms involved in such functioning, UNCLASSIFIED Approved For Release 2000/08/10 : CIA-RDP96-00787R000200010010-0
Approved For Release 200QP YC E'DES'S | PFE By 00200010010-0 TI SUMMARY ‘As a result of exploratory research on human perception carried out in SRI's Electronics and Bioengineering Laboratory, we observed the emergence of a perceptual channel whereby certain individuals access and describe, by means of mental imagery, randomly—chosen remote sites located several miles or more away. In this final report, we document the study at SRI of this human information-accessing capability which we call "remote viewing," the characteristics of which appear to fall outside the range of well-understood perceptual/information-processing abilities. This phenomenon pertains to the ability of certain individuals to access and describe, by means of internal mental processes, information sources blocked from ordinary perception and generally accepted as secure against such access. These individuals include not only SRI subjects, but visiting staff members of the sponsoring organization who participated as subjects in order to critique the protocol. Experiments carried out under controlled laboratory conditions included the reproduction of line drawings shielded against ordinary perception, the determination of the electronic state of a four-state random number generator, and the viewing of remote geographical locations, all at levels of statistical significance p < 10°, Our initial work in this area has been reported in the open literature under the title "Information Transmission Under Conditions of Sensory Shielding," Nature 252, 18 October 1974, and reprinted in the IEEE Communications 13, January 1975. A copy of this publication is included as Appendix A of this report. Since our initial work the phenomenon we have investigated most UNCLASSIFIED Approved For Release 2000/08/10 : CIA-RDP96-00787R000200010010-0
Approved For Release 2000/08/10 : cbtpeoete ter 000200010010-0 A. Category I: Long-Distance Remote Viewing In order to subject the remote viewing phenomena to a rigorous long- distance test under external control, a request for geographical coordinates of a site unknown to subject and experimenters was forwarded to the OST group responsible for threat analysis in this area. In response, SRI per- sonnel received a set of geographical coordinates (latitude and longitude in degrees, minutes, and seconds) of a facility, hereafter referred to as the West Virginia Site. The experimenters then carried out a remote viewing experiment on a double-blind basis, that is, blind to experimenters as well as subject. The experiment.had as its goal the determination of the utility of remote viewing under conditions approximating an operational scenario, Two subjects targeted on the site, a sensitive installation. One subject drew a detailed map of the building and grounds layout, the other provided information about the interior including codewords, data subsequently verified by sponsor sources (report available from COTR). A long-distance remote viewing experiment was then carried out on a sponsor-designated target of interest, a research center at Semipalatinsk, USSR. The Contracting Officer Technical Representative (COTR) furnished map coordinates to the experimenters. The only additional information provided was the designation of the target as an R&D test facility. The experimenters then carried out a remote viewing experiment on a double- hlind basis with a subject ($1) * trained in the SRI program. Figure 1(a) shows the subject's graphic effort for building layout; Figure 1(b) shows the subject's particular attention to a multistory gantry crane he observed at the site. (Again, these results were obtained on a double-blind basis x "A key to numerical designations for subjects is available from the COTR. SECRET Approved For Release 2000/08/10 : CIA-RDP96-00787R000200010010-0
Approved For Release 2000/08/10 : CIA-RDP96-00787R000200010010-0 UNCLASSIFIED BWL 10 ye r day ju 10 1974 v4 (b) SUBJECT EFFORT AT CRANE CONSTRUCTION FIGURE 1 UNCLASSIFIED Approved For Release 2000/08/10 : CIA-RDP96-00787R000200010010-0
Approved For Release 2000/08/10 SEXGRR be 6078 78000200010010-0 before exposure to the COTR-held information, thus eliminating the possi- bility of cueing.) For comparison an artist's rendering of the site as known to the COTR (but not to contract personnel) is shown in Figure 2(a), with crane detail shown in Figure 2(b). The exceptionally accurate descrip- tion of the multistory crane was taken as indicative of probable target acquisition, and therefore the subject was introduced to sponsor personnel who collected further data for evaluation. The latter contained both addi- tional physical data which were independently verified by other sponsor resources, thus providing additional calibration, and also initially- unverifiable data of current operational interest. Several hours of tape transcript and a notebook full of drawings were generated over a two-week period. A description of the data and evaluation is contained in a separate report. the results contained noise along with the signal, but were none- theless clearly differentiated from the chance results generated by control subjects in comparison exneriments carried out by the COTR. B. Category II: Technology Series (Multiple) A series of experiments designed to measure the resolution capability of the remote viewing phenomenon were carried out within the confines of SRI. In each experiment a subject was asked to attempt to describe remote laboratory equipment, demarcated only by a target individual sent to a lo- cation of interest by means of a random protocol outside the experimenters' control. The experimenter remaining with the subject was kept ignorant of the contents of the target pool to prevent cueing during questioning. The subject was asked to describe the apparatus both verbally (tape recorded) and by means of drawings. The sample presented here is not an edited collection of "best ever" results, but rather consists of the results of the entire col- lection of experiments directly involving visiting CIA personnel in which Rb 6 Approved For Release 2000/08/10 : CIA-RDP96-00787R000200010010-0
Approved For Release 2000/08/10 : CIA-RDP96-00787R000200010010-0 (a) TARGET SITE Bia me | i | IN ; (b) CRANE COMPARISON FIGURE 2 $4¢Re——__—_ Approved For Release 2000/08/10 : CIA-RDP96-00787R000200010010-0 |
Approved For Release 2000/0 iN Ch ASR TEIERo 200010010-0 two or more subjects independently viewed an identical technological target. The target for Experiment 1, a typewriter, was chosen by a sponsor staff member during a site visit. The response drawn by the subject (S54), located approximately 100 yards away, is shown on the right of Figure 3. The target was re-used at a later date with another subject, resulting in the response on the left. The target for Experiment 2 was a Xerox machine, chosen by the COTR during a site visit. In response the drawing on the right of Figure 4 was generated by a second sponsor staff member who agreed to participate as a subject in this one experiment in order to evaluate the protocol. The target was re-used at a later date with an SRI subject (S2) in an experiment under observation by sponsor personnel, resulting in the response on the left. Finally, the same target came up for subject $3 during a random tech- nological target series, resulting in the drawing in the center. The target for Experiment 3, a computer input-output unit, resulted in the responses shown in Figure 5. The response on the left was generated by SRI subject 84, the one on the right by a visiting sponsor staff member who participated as a subject in a random technological target series. Such results, generated in experiments with viewing windows of 15- min. duration, indicate the presence of an information channel of useful bit rate. Furthermore, it would appear that by correlating a number of subject responses to a given target, we can obtain enhancement of the signal-to-noise ratio. 8 UNCLASSIFIED Approved For Release 2000/08/10 : CIA-RDP96-00787R000200010010-0
Approved For Release 2000/08/10 : CIA-RDP96-00787R000200010010-0 UNCLASSIFIED TECHNOLOGY SERIES TYPEWRITER TARGET seons ty niselee te AQorls ove siting owtap ofthe otlen - a machina Ga 2 pasts. te Reps puck be wesidl \ A qe. Crtsout, jg SRI SUBJECT S3 RESPONSE SRI SUBJECT S4 RESPONSE TA~760522-75 FIGURE 3. DRAWINGS BY TWO SUBJECTS OF A TYPEWRITER TARGET UNCLASSIFIED Approved For Release 2000/08/10 : CIA-RDP96-00787R000200010010-0
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Approved For Release 2000/08/10 : CIA-RDP96-00787R000200010010-0 UNCLASSIFIED LS9YVL YOLINOW O3GIA V 40 SLOAPANS OML AG ONIMVYG GC SYNOD! S-E8LE-VS ASNOdS4ay LOArANS YOSNOdS TVNINY SL YSLAdDNOD 002 LNITIS,, SLNSWNYLSNI SVX3L VV MVS LOAraNs GNOOAS i ASNOdS4yY VS LOAPANS 1S WNOOY SHL 40 JIGGIN SHL NI ONV 1OVId LV1d G3LNIivd ©“ * Lt 40 LNO ONIWOD LHSIT HLIM XOd, 4O ONIMVYO Loarans oO ne ype ep (Sal¥3S ADOTONHOSL) ONILIGR LX3L Y¥Od HYOLINOW O3CIA -L3aDedVvL UNCLASSIFIED Approved For Release 2000/08/10 : CIA-RDP96-00787R000200010010-0
Approved For Release soot N Cc LAST ELER v020001 0010-0 C. Category IIT: Remote Sensing of Internal States of Electronic Equipment To determine whether remote viewing could be extended beyond visual perception to the sensing of the internal state of a piece of electronic equipment, further experimentation was carried out with six subjects who had shown an ability in remote viewing. The task was the determination of the internal electronic state of a four-state random number generator (p = 1/4 for each of four equal—probability outputs) whose characteristics had been examined in detail to verify its randomness. The solid-state machine has no moving parts and provides no sensory cue to the user as to its target gener- ation. (See Figure 6.) Although the task appeared more difficult, one of six subjects consistently scored significantly better than chance (p=3x107’), In the required 2500-trial run the latter obtained 17.4% more hits (734) than would be expected by chance (625). When the subject was asked to repeat the entire experiment at a later time, he was able to replicate successfully a high scoring rate (11.5% more hits than expected 4 by chance, p = 4.8 x 10 '). 12 UNCLASSIFIED Approved For Release 2000/08/10 : CIA-RDP96-00787R000200010010-0
Approved For Release 2000/08/10 : CIA-RDP96-00787R000200010010-0 UNCLASSIFIED FIGURE 6 FOUR-STATE RANDOM NUMBER GENERATOR The printer to the right of the machine records data automatically on fan-fold paper tape. ; UNCLASSIFIED Approved For Release 2000/08/10 : CIA-RDP96-00787R000200010010-0
Approved For Release 2000/08/10 SEC rone200070010-0 D. Category IV: Perturbation of Remote Equipment Additional experimentation was initiated to investigate the possibility that the remote sensing channel may possess bilateral aspects; for example, it might be possible to couple energy from an individual to a remote location as well as in reverse. To test this hypothesis, experiments were carried out with a sensitive magnetometer in an adjoining laboratory as the remote target. Use of an ORD-developed magnetometer was arranged by ORD personnel. In a series of thirteen 10-trial runs with 50 seconds per trial, perturbations of the magnetometer by a subject gifted in remote viewing were obtained under a strict randomization protocol, yielding a positive result significant at the p = 0,004 level. Because of the potential significance and impli- cations of such findings, we intend to collect considerable additional data before arriving at a hard conclusion. Nonetheless, as a tentative conclusion there is evidence that a piece of sensitive equipment can be perturbed by a subject during remote viewing, thus implying that the informa- tion channel under investigation may sustain energy transfer in either di- rection, E. General Considerations The primary achievement of the SRI program was the elicitation of high quality remote viewing by individuals who agreed to act as subjects. Crit- icism of this claim could in principle be put forward on the basis of three potential flaws: (1) the study could involve naivete in protocol which permits various forms of cueing, intentional or unintentional; (2) the experiments discussed could be selected out of a larger pool of experiments of which many are of poorer quality; (3) data for the reported experiments could be edited to show only the matching elements, the non-matching 14 “SECRET Approved For Release 2000/08/10 : CIA-RDP96-00787R000200010010-0
Approved For Release 200Q IPC TART STP IE F900200010010-0 elements being discarded. All three criticisms, however, are invalid. First, with regard to cueing, the use of double-blind protocols ensures that no person in contact with the subject can be aware of the target. Second, no selection of experiments for reporting takes place; every experiment is entered as performed on a master log and is included in the statistical evaluations. Third, data associated with a given experiment remain unedited; all data associated with an experiment are tape recorded and included unedited in the data package to be judged, evaluated, etc. Finally, the entire unedited file of tape recordings, transcripts and drawings for every exper-— iment is available to the COTR and others in the scientific community for independent analysis. The observed results outlined in A through D above (target acquisi- tion, equipment description, electronic state specification, and perturba- tion of instrument operation) may together constitute different aspects of a single remote coupling phenomenon. With regard to understanding the phenomenon itself, the precise nature of the information channel coupling remote locations is not yet understood. However, we can show that its charac- teristics are compatible with both quantum theory and information theory and with recent developments in research on brain function. Therefore, our working assumption is that the phenomenon of interest does not lie outside the purview of modern physics and with further work will yield to analysis and specification. Further, with an eye toward future subject selection, subjects possessing a well-developed natural ability in the area under considera- tion underwent complete physical, psychological, and neuropsychological profiling, the results of which suggest the core of a screening procedure. 15 UNCLASSIFIED Approved For Release 2000/08/10 : CIA-RDP96-00787R000200010010-0
Approved For Release 2000kdbI Nb CAS Sel do 12d9b0200010010-0 Finally, it is concluded by the research contractors that the accrual of experience in three years of successful effort constitutes an asset that could be utilized in the future both for operational needs and for training others in the development and use of the remote sensing capability. 16 UNCLASSIFIED Approved For Release 2000/08/10 : CIA-RDP96-00787R000200010010-0