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IV.  DISCUSSIONS  AND  CONCLUSIONS 
The  primary  purpose  of  this  pilot  study  is  to  determine  if  AC  is  possible  in  the  lucid  dream  state.  Be- 
cause the  trials  will  be  conduced  in  each  receiver’s  home  and  is  unsupervised,  it  is  possible  that  the  tar- 
get material  can  be  compromised.  By  using  standard  enclosure  techniques  it  is  possible  to  determine  if 
any  casual  attempt  has  been  made  to  physically  open  the  target  material,  but  an  experienced  magician 
could  foil  the  detection  precautions.  Thus  we  will  be  unable  to  conclude  the  existence  of  AC  in  a   formal 
sense  in  this  experiment. 
Knowing  the  historical  effect  sizes  from  other  AC  studies  and  from  the  calibrations  of  the  lucid  dreamer 
population  can  provide  circumstantial  evidence  of  AC.  If  the  the  lucid  dreaming  effect  sizes  are  not 
significantly  smaller  than  the  historical  or  base  line  effect  sizes,  then  we  will  recommend  that  a   careful, 
laboratory-based  study  be  conducted. 
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V.  GLOSSARY 
Not  all  the  terms  defined  below  are  germane  to  the  this  study,  but  they  are  Included  here  for  complete- 
ness.  In  a   typical  anomalous  mental  phenomena  (AMP)  task,  we  define: 
•   A^oipalpus  Cognition  (AC)— A   form  of  information  transfer  in  which  all  known  sensorial  stimuli  are 
absent.  That  is,  some  individuals  are  able  to  gain  access,  by  an  as  yet  unknown  process,  to  information 
that  is  not  available  to  the  known  sensorial  channels. 
•   Receiver— An  individual  who  attempts  to  perceive  and  report  information  about  a   target. 
•   Agent  An  individual  who  attempts  to  influence  a   target  system. 
•   Ikget-Ari  item  that  is  the  focus  of  an  AMP  task  (e.g.,  person,  place,  thing,  event). 
•   Ikget  Designation— A   method  by  which  a   specific  target,  against  the  backdrop  of  all  other  possible 
targets,  is  identified  to  the  receiver  (e.g.,  geographical  coordinates). 
Sender/Beacon  An  individual  who,  while  receiving  direct  sensorial  stimuli  from  an  intended  target 
acts  as  a   putative  transmitter  to  the  receiver. 
•   Monitor  An  individual  who  monitors  an  AC  session  to  facilitate  data  collection. 
•   Session — A   time  period  during  which  AC  data  is  collected. 
•   -Protocol— A   template  for  conducting  a   structured  data  collection  session. 
®   Response— Material  that  is  produced  during  an  AC  session  in  response  to  the  intended  target. 
•   Feedback-After  a   response  has  been  secured,  information  about  the  intended  target  is  displayed  to 
the  receiver. 
•   Analyst — An  individual  who  provides  a   quantitative  measure  of  AC. 
•   Specialty— A   
given  receiver’s  ability  to  be  particularly  successful  with  a   given  class  of  targets  (e  g 
people  as  opposed  to  buildings). 
•   Lucid  Proarn— A   dream  during  which  an  individual  becomes  aware  of  the  dream. 
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REFERENCES 
1.  Irvin  L.  Child,  “Psychology  and  Anomalous  Observations,”  American  Psychologist,  Vol.  40.,  No. 
11,  pp.  1219-1230  (November  1985). 
2.  S.  LaBerge,  L.  E.  Nagel,  W.  C.  Dement,  and  V.  P.  Zarcone,  Jr.,  “Lucid  Dreaming  Verified  by 
Volitional  Communication  During  REM  Sleep,”  Perceptual  and  Motor  Skills,  Vol.  52,  pp.  727-732 
(1981). 
3.  S.  LaBerge,  L.  Levitan,  and  W.  C.  Dement,  “Lucid  Dreaming:  Physiological  Correlates  of 
Consciousness  during  REM  Sleep,”  The  Journal  of  Mind  and  Behavior,  Vol.  7,  Nos.  2  and  3 
pp.251-258  (1986). 
4.  The  Psychophysiology  of  Lucid  Dreaming  Ed.  J.  Gackenbach  and  S.  LaBerge,  pp.  135-153,  Plenum 
Press,  New  York  (1988). 
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APPENDIX 
This  appendix  contains  the  full  reprints  of  the  following  three  papers: 
(1)  “Psychology  and  Anomalous  Observations” 
(2)  “Lucid  Dreaming  Verified  by  Volitional  Communication  During  REM  Sleep” 
(3)  “Lucid  Dreaming:  Physiological  Correlates  of  Consciousness  during  REM  Sleep” 
(4)  The  Psychophysiology  of  Lucid  Dreaming,  pp.  135-153 
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