“* Approved Foy Belease 2004/08/02 : CIA-RDP96-0078@g9000100120001-9 - CONFIDENTIAL ST-CS-01-169-72 July. 1972. ‘{mportant to the social insects, which manufacture a variety of - geents to coordinate the activities of their colonies; they employ odors to warn their kind of impending danger, to recognize intruders, to mark trails leading to food, to move their nests, and to enlist the help of other colony members. Because of this phenomenon, man may be able to control insects through the use of different chemical attractants (249). It may some day be possible for men to control other men by using pheromones. SECTION II - Behavioral Altering Possibilities 1. (C/CD/NDA) A paper presented at the Ciba Foundation Symposium on Mechanisms of Taste and Smell in Vertebrates by M.G.J. Beets is of interest because of the implications of possible chemical warfare use (250). The paper by Beets reports a new line of syn- thetic odor producing substances with odors closely related to those of some of the steroids. The steroids are very complex, expensive to produce, naturally-occurring substances with strong odors which are quite important in controlling behavior, particu- larly in lower animals. Steroids are used in contraceptive medica- ments, and perfumers have been looking among them for years for a substance to insert into perfumes as an aphrodisiac. Beets and his group have come up with a very simple artificial product which is easy to synthesize chemically and which has the identi- cal smell of the natural substance it mimics. Instead of having a large, complicated chemical structure with, say four rings, Beets has produced a structure with a single ring but with so many groups attached to it chemically that it is the same shape of molecule as the natural substance, The accomplishment supports the theory that odors of chemicals depend upon the shapes of their molecules (251). 2, (C/CD/NDA) Beets' paper reports an innocent development, but the principle of the development applies in chemical warfare with regard to the search for "mind benders." In fact, Beets observed that the basic idea of his accomplishment could be extended to drugs, hormones and some other substances, making their synthesis much easier by simplifying the steps of production while retaining the overall shape of the molecule (251). 3. (C/CD/NDA) There are at least two problems in using this synthetic mimicry for a placating or confusing effect in chemical warfare. One is getting the substances sufficiently volatile for dispersal in the air. The natural substances are generally not 88 CONTROLLED DISSEMINATION NO DISSEMINATION ABROAD CONFIDENTIAL Approved For Release 2004/08/02 : CIA-RDP96-00787R000100120001-9
Approved Fag Release 2am ee TT WaRODO TOO I20001-8 ST-CS-01-169-72 July 1972 volatile, but away may be found to make them so. Moreover, we are just at the beginning of a knowledge of the chemical contro- lers that are produced in the body, and it is not unlikely that some of these substances are small-moleculed and thus replaceable by a synthetic substance which could be readily distributed through the air. There is also the possibility of distributing the non- volatile substances through the water system, which is probably more efficient -for some purposes. 4. (C/CD/NDA) The second problem has to do with whether odor-- ‘that is, the chemical traces entering the body which produce the effect we call odor—-can have a substantial behavioral effect upon human beings. There is the ancient idea of the aphrodisiacal odor in perfume. Certain food odors can start one to salivate and make one hungry. Certainly, most of the lower animals and insects do have strong odor-responsive systems. A bitch in heat will attract male dogs from half a mile or a mile around... Many insects use similar systems for attracting a mate or for knowing where to lay their eggs. Ants produce a smell warning other ants of danger. In the animal world the phenomenon of pheromone-—-of odorous signaling substances--can be powerfully controlling, and it would be very surprising if the human being is exempt from this. 5. (C/CD/NDA) Many of the secretions of the endocrine glands have profound effects in signaling changes in the basal metabolism and changes in the whole operation of the body. It is probable that more and more substances will be found that are put into the blood stream by the endocrine glands, or by the brain, which control whether we feel awake, or sleepy, or active, or sexy, or hungry or whatever else. So there is a very definite possi- bility of an eventual chemical warfare application of these substances synthetically reproduced or mimicked. And just conceivably, Beets! principle is the way to go (251). - 6. (U) There appears to be a very definite lack of Soviet literature on the subject of pheromones and odor. However, in 1968, Klimenko (252) authored a book entitled "Live Radio Electronics." There are some enticing chapter titles but unfortunately no translation was available at the time of this report. The titles are as follows: a. Organs of Sense, Special Devices and Analyzers in Animate Organisms. b. Olfactory and Gustatory Organs c. Use of Odors 89 CONTROLLED DISSEMINATION NO DISSEMINATION ABROAD NO FOREIGN DISSEMINATION SECRET (This page is CONFIDENTIAL) Approved For Release 2004/08/02 : CIA-RDP96-00787R000100120001-9 Ye
Approved Fog gelease 2004/08/02r @bs|RDP96-0078%R000100120001-9 . ST-CS-01-169-72 July 1972 It is further believed that the book, since it contains a chapter on biocommunication, deals with parapsychological phenomena. 7. (U) Suffice it to say that the Soviets have been working with the synthesis of various mercaptan compounds. Apparently they are looking for oil and water soluble mercaptan compounds with sharp odors (253). The only reason this is mentioned is because the work comes from a pharmacology and toxicology laboratory and not a pure chemistry or industrial laboratory. This suggests that the Soviets are interested in the effects of these compounds on living organisms. 8, (C/NFD) Another area of interest is the Soviet work on the influence of carbon tetrachloride on the human body. Belkov (254) reports that small concentrations (8 mg. per cubic meter) decreases the light sensitivity of the eye. The threshold of reflex action of this sensitivity was 6 mg. per cubic meter. Thus concentrations of carbon tetrachloride undetectable by its odor can change the light sensitivity of the eye. This fact has possible application in chemical warfare use as a behavioral control mechanism. -9, (U) Pheromone phenomena has interested researchers in Poland. A 1969 review article with 88 references was written by J. Kwiatkowska. The article deals with pheromones and communication in the animal kingdom (304). A 1970 review by Malicki discusses physical and chemical attractants for insects (305). 10. (S/NFD) One approach to behavior alteration in humans is , through the possible use of the olfactory sensitivity of insects or animals. One can use a pheromone or other. odor-producing agent to create a condition that will cause insects for example to gather to a specific location, e.g. on an enemy troop camp. Another pheromone could be released that could cause aggressive behavior in the insects, this in turn would disrupt the military unit -and render them ineffective. The Soviets have been working with attractants for the Aedes mosquitoes. They have shown that solutions of lysine and alanine are useful as Aedes attractants (306). It might be mentioned that these aqueous solutions would probably be adaptable to aerosol dissemination. 11. (U) Shamshurin et al have claimed that they are able to synthesize the sex attractant of Peetinophora gossyptella (307). Burtsev and Gladilin have reported on the isolation and testing for biological activity of the attractant for the butterfly Danus gtltppus (308). 90 CONTROLLED DISSEMINATION NO DISSEMINATION ABROAD NO FOREIGN DISSEMINATION SECRET Approved For Release 2004/08/02 : CIA-RDP96-00787R000100120001-9 ~
Approved RggRelease 2004/08/02 : CIA-RDP96-00%§9R000100120001-9 UNCLASSIFIED ST-CS-01-169-72 July 1972 PART VIII SOUND AS A MEANS OF ALTERING BEHAVIOR SECTION I - GENERAL 1. (U) The psychological and behavioral effects of infrasound and the low ranges of audible sound (those frequencies in the range of 1 to 100 cycles per second, i.e. Hertz (Hz) are poorly documented, especially Soviet work. There is some sketchy data available on sonic (20 to 20,000 Hz) and ultrasound (usually any frequency greater than 20,000 Hz). 2. (U). The Soviets are, however, aware of the biological effects of sound and: seem to be interested in establishing protective measures for humans. The Soviets believe that the fact that human beings are not biologically adapted to the rapid tempo, noise, and pressures of an urban industrial society accounts for the increase in cardio- vascular and nervous disturbances. Therefore, the Soviets are experimenting with a concept they call "The Zone of Health." One such zone has been established in Baku. The facility includes parks and seashore with provisions for 28 kinds of natural therapy including climatotherapy, kinestherapy, diet therapy, phototherapy, psychotherapy, etc. During 1969, 142,000 “natients" were treated with some 98 percent going home "healthy" (255). Apparently the zone is a form of rest and relaxation with complete absence from excessive sound stimuli. This would appear to be an expensive project and therefore illustrates the Soviet concern for the effects of excessive noxious stimuli on its people. 3. () A 1964 book written by G.N. Krivitskaya (256) appears to be of extreme interest; unfortunately only the preface and the table of contents is available in translated form. For readers interested in behavior modifications through soud, it seems that a full translation is a must. Below is described the purpose and coverage of the text and the abridged form of the table of contents. The book is entitled "Effect of Intense Noise on the Brain; Experimental Research." This book covers the problem of change in morphological structures (nerve cells, fibers, synapses, ganglia and vessels) in the neuron systems using different. analyzers for the effect of noise stimulants such as an electric bell with a strength of 80-130 decibels (db) of mixed frequency used. from one to 44 times. The material is divided into three parts. The first part describes the harmful effect of sound irritants on -living organisms. The second deals with experimental data (producing convulsive attacks in a rat in response to sound irritants). In both chapters, further references are cited. 91 UNCLASSIFIED Approved For Release 2004/08/02 : CIA-RDP96-00787R000100120001-9 \
Approved RegRelease 2004/08/02 : CIA-RDP96-00%JR000100120001-9 UNCLASSIFIED ST-CS-01-169-72 July 1972- In the third chapter results of studies are compared with data from references. This book is recommended for neuropathologists, otolaryngologists, therapeutists and pathomorphologists. TABLE OF CONTENTS: (abridged) Foreword -—- 3 Introduction -- 5 Harmful effects of sounds and noises on the organism -—~ 8 Producing attacks caused by sound -- 70 Morphological principles of functional changes in the central nervous system caused by sound ~- 112 Bibliography -~ 138 references SECTION II - INFRASONIC NOISE 1. (U) The following discussion on the effects of infrasound is based on a report by Maire (257). Due to the lack of appropriate Soviet literature, this discussion is based upon references from other countries, 2. (U) Observed psychological and physiological effects have included significant impairment of compensatory tracking ability, choice-reaction time, foot pressure constancy and peripheral vision. Other effects were greater error increases in reaction times and performance at 5 Hz than at 2 Hz, increased initial reaction time and an increasingly detrimental effect on visual nerformance as frequencies were increased above 8 Hz, with maximum effect occuring between 40 and 50 Hz. Gavreau (258) observed that high intensity infrasound caused sensations of panic and the impression that the head would burst. Infrasound at a frequency of 7 Hz (emitted by a faulty industrial ventilator) caused diffi- culty in the performance of mental activities and precision work. Other studies (259, 260) have shown that at exposures to stimuli of 15-17 Hz, at SPL's (sound pressure level) of approximately 104 dB, subjects experienced feelings of apprehension. During initial exposures. to intense sound fields, many individuals presented symptoms typical of generalized stress reactions, particularly in cases where sufficiently effective ear protectors were not in use. Severe storm activity in North America was compared with the automobile accident rate and the rate of absenteeism among school children in the area of Chicago, Illinois during May 1967. The results suggested that a correlation may exist between the presence of infrasonic disturbances in the area and changes in selected pattems of human behavior (261). 92 UNCLASSIFIED Approved For Release 2004/08/02 : CIA-RDP96-00787R000100120001-9
Approved RowRelease 2004/08/02 : CIA-RDP96-00%gYR000100120001-9 UNCLASSIFIED ST-CS-01-169-72 July 1972 3. (U) Very little information is available on animal reactions to infrasound at this time. According to Maire, it has been reported that a frequency of 7 Hz caused “epileptic fits" and the subsequent death of rats at some distance from the laboratory in which the generator was located. There is a newspaper article claiming that during experiments with a frequency of 7 Hz, all dogs in a nearby apartment building “went completely insane with fear" (262). SECTION III - SONIC NOISE 1. (U) There have been several pertinent Soviet reports on the psychological effects of noise in the 20 to 20,000 Hz range. Among these was a.report by Korotkin et al (263) that showed changes in auditory thresholds as a result of suggestion during hypnosis. In 14 of 16 subjects, the deterioration or improvement in audibility of sound signals suggested during hypnosis produced - a significant change in auditory sensitivity in accordance with the suggestion of the hypnotist. More substantial changes in auditory sensitivity (up to 60 db) followed the suggestion of poor audibility. The range of changes in sensitivity following the suggestion of good audibility was narrower (up to 21.4 db). The lowering of the auditory thresholds in response to a suggestion of good audibility was largely dependent on their level on the day of the experiment. The higher the original levels, the more they dropped as a result of suggestion. The considerable individual | variations in auditory sensitivity caused by suggestion were obviously related to the degree of suggestibility of the subjects. 2.  (U)  Rudenko reports that canine death can be caused by strong acoustic stimulation (264). Prolonged attempts (for six weeks) to evoke neurosis in a dog possessing exceptional strength and equilibrance of nervous processes by using super-strong acoustic stimuli failed to produce any appreciable disturbances of its nervous activity. Then to increase the excitability of the dog's nervous system and raise its working capacity to the limit, a loud tone (120 decibels) was combined with the administration of caffeine in 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 grams doses 30 minutes before the experiment. Ten minutes after a 1.5 gram dose of caffeine was administered, there was a drastic tonic convulsion of the entire body and a few seconds later the animal died. This indicates that this type of animal has strongly pronounced protective mecha- nisms and that destruction of these mechanism may lead to a break- down of higher nervous activity or to even graver consequences. 93 UICLASSIFIED Approved For Release 2004/08/02 : CIA-RDP96-00787R000100120001-9 ™~
- hen Approved FagRelease 2004/08/02 : CIA-RDP96-00%8ZR000100120001-9 | ' UNCLASSIFIED . ST-CS-01-169-72: July 1972 3. (U) Alekseyev and Suvarov (265) studied the speed and intensity of acoustic and visual. reactions in«subjects exposed to noise from thirty minutes to four hours. Using 70 to 90 db noise intensities in a soundproof chamber, the investigators recorded vocal and motor reaction response times after varying exposure durations. Prolonged (3-4 hour) testing at either db level caused fatigue of the central nervous system, reduced effective response, and disturbed relation- ships between motor responses and strength of stimulus. Noise of 70 db produeéd no essential changes in responses within the first hour of testing, while 90 db noise caused changes in vision dependent reactions and slowing of reaction times. 4. (U) Strakhov (267) has investigated the effect of high intensity noise (95-100 db, 1500-3000. Hz) on EEG pattems. In human subjects a gradually increasing desynchronization of cortical rhythms was noted together with the appearance of slow waves. In rabbits and cats, both desynchronized and synchronized rhythms occurred. The general character of noise induced changes, the considerable after effect of noise, accompanying changes in respiratory function, and the presence of a cardiovascular reaction suggested that subcortical brain structures (especially the reticular formation of the medulla oblongata) were primarily responsible for the genesis and development of these changes. This hypothesis was confirmed by electrophysio- logical studies with potentials taken directly from subcortical ‘structures. In addition, histological examination showed pronounced | - changes in medullary nerve cells. In a later report (267), Strakhov reported that a generalized alpha rhythm depression develops during . | a period of several minutes as a result of exposure to 95~100 db noise, but that if photic stimulation were applied at the bez inning \ of the noise, alpha rhythm bursts appeared which weakened, then completely disappeared as the noise action continued. Discontinuation of the noise first brought about new bursts of alpha rhythm in response to photic stimulation, and subsequently led to its complete restoration. The administration of scopolamine delayed the development of the changes. The results were regarded to be due to development of an inhibitory state in the cerebral cortex due to the activation Ly noise of the reticular structures of the inferior parts of the brain stem and the release of inhibitory mechanisms of the nonspecific thalamus. Other EEG work has been reported by Korzh (268) and by Doroshenko et al (269). 5. (U) On a more subjective psychological level, Vogel (270), classifies effects into three categories: gross, annoyance, and subtle, arranged roughly according to decreasing sound intensity. Subtle involves sounds used to instill fear, anxiety, confusion, panic, etc., examples of which would be the bugles played by. 94. | - UICLASSIFIED Approved For Release 2004/08/02 : CIA-RDP96-00787R000100120001-9
+ a Approved FegRelease 2004/08/02 : CIA-RDP96-007@ZR000100120001-9 UNCLASSIFIED ST-CS-01-169-72 July 1972 the Communist Chinese in the Korean War and the Confederate "yell" ‘of the Civil War. Annoyance sounds would be sounds used to interfere with work performance such as the ability to learn and retain. Gross psychological damage would be the complete loss of the ability to function, destroying om muddling" of the conscious to such a , degree that the ability of all but involuntary actions (breathing, . heart beat) would be destroyed. Vogel states that nowhere in the scientific literature could there be found a documented incident where high intensity sound caused a gross psychological effect, or any closely related effect, on a man. 6. (U) The intense noises associated with aircarft may in many ways be similar to those that might be purposely generated under. combat conditions. In this respect, the work of Terent'yev, Sheludyakov and Sviridova (271) may be quite relevant to assessment of the psycho- logical effects of noise on highly motivated, trained personnel. These investigators observed 90 people from an aviation engineering techni- cal staff, who, in the course of their work, were subjected. to the influence of noise with an intensity of 100-102, 110-112, 118-120, and 130-136 db daily, or two to three times a week for one to six hours at a time. The majority of the technicians exposed to 130 db and more, complained of general fatigue, reduced work capability, headache, unpleasant sensations. in the region of the heart, noise and ringing in the ears after each day's work, less frequently of itching over the entire body, pains in the front wall of the abdomen, and sometimes nausea and vomiting. In some, sleep was irregular and appetite lowered. In a majority, these phenomena disappeared after a nights sleep; in others after 2~3 days if work under noise condi- ‘tions was not repeated. Analysis of case data showed that the frequency, expression and duration of unfavorable sensations were determined by both intensity and noise duration. Individual charac- teristics of those examined were also important. The symptom complexes described developed more frequently and earlier in people in whom head trauma, hyperthyroid, neurocirculatory dystony and other illnesses had been noted. In order to validate the observations made under work noise conditions, fifteen healthy volunteers were tested under laboratory conditions. After exposure to noise with an intensity of 100-102 db for one hour, some subjects complained of noise in the head and sleepiness; after three hours, five of eleven complained of general fatigue and one, of sleepiness; after six hours, all examinees complained of noise and ringing in the ears, headache and general fatigue, reduced appetite, nausea, sleepiness and general irritability. After exposure to an intensity of 110-112 db for up to three hours, all subjects complained of headache, fatigue, sleepiness, and a sensation of deposits in the ears; one subject complained of nausea and reduction of work capability. 95 i Approved For Release 2004/08/62 -¢)2RDPS6-00787R000100120001-9
Approved €g Release 2004/08/02 : CIA-RDP96-008@7R0001 00120001-9 UNCLASSIFIED ST-CS-01-169-72 July 1972 Under daily six hour exposure to noise of 110-112 db for five days, the changes increased from day to day: fatigue, headache and general malaise. After the third day the symptems did not disappear by the beginning of the following work day. With noise of 118-120 db, a single exposure elicited the same changes as at lower levels, but the degree of expression increased significantly and the aftereffects © lasted longer. Especially strong reactions were observed in three and six hour exposures. All volunteers complained of noise and ringing in the ears, general fatigue and heaviness of the head. In some subjects, paleness of the skin, involuntary twitching of face muscles, apathy or irritability, perspiration, or tremors of the eyelids and fingers appeared. One general observation of considera- ble significance was that the effects of prolonged noise exposure are cumulative. 7. (UW) Mikhaylova and Byshevskiy report that 2000 Hz for various periods of time (from 30 minutes to 10 days) on exposed rats may contribute to inhibition of the anticoagulation process (272). Further studies on rats exposed to.2000 Hz for various time limits showed a reduced transketolase activity (273). 8. (U) Yuganov et al (274) have suggested that there be a standardi- zation for admissible limits for high intensity sound. The effect exerted on humans by noise of. 114-116 and 125-126 db with an acoustic energy of 500 Hz was studied. The auditory thresholds, blood pressure values and time of response to light stimuli were measured. Sixty-four healthy male test subjects were used in 152 expe:imenie. Adverse changes in the acoustic analyzer, cardiovascular system and locomotor analyzer were detected during an exposure to 125-126 db noise. Taking into account the changes in the thresholds of skin vibrosensitivity when the ear was protected, it is concluded that the skin becomes a second gauge for acoustic energy beginning with 125-126 db. Noise of 114-116 db is considered admissible during powered stages of spaceflight. SECTION IV - ULTRASONIC NOISE 1. (U) Various psychological effects to exposure to ultrasound (greater than 20,000 Hz) has been reported in the Soviet literature. Mel'kumova and Koroleya (275) reported psychological-subjective findings based on clinical observations of 104 individuals exposed to ultrasound in an industrial environment. The main complaints of the examinees were headache, extremely pronounced fatigability, tiredness and a general weakness. The onset of fatigue in most of the subjects began as early as two to three hours after starting work with simultaneous development of headache, with the latter 96 Approved For Release 2004/38/89 BIALRDP96-00787R000100120001-9
Ne Approved FagRelease 2004/08/02 : CIA-RDP96-007@4R000100120001-9 © UNCLASSIFIED ST-CS-01-169-72 July 1972 : -inereasing progressively in intensity until the midday break. For some, the 30 minute break at noon restored work capacity and lessened the ‘severity of the headache. Considerable exhaustion was experienced by most subjects by the end of the workday. Besides the marked fatigability and tiredness the examinees complained of a constant feeling of general weakness and vertigo with dimming of vision occurring by noon, at the end of the workday, under physical or mental strain and in stuffy rooms. These sensations caused loss of consciousness in some individuals. 2. (U) Another effect of ultrasound was disturbances in sleeping patterns. The need for sleep was felt by one group during actual work, before the noon break, or toward the end of the work day. Some individuals were overcome by drowsiness during short pauses in work and in longer pauses fell asleep standing up or in other normally uncomfortable positions. In rare cases daytime drowsiness was of the nature of a hypnagogic state, during which the individuals continued to be oriented in their surroundings, hear speech, follow the industrial process, and at the same time, sleep with clear dreams. Changes in nocturnal sleep were also reported. Thirty- eight per cent of the workers complained of drug-like heavy, dream- less sleep, while another group (18%) slept superficially and inter- mittently with difficulty in falling asleep and, in some cases, with — oppressive dreams. 3. (U) Other reported effects were morbidly sharpened perception - of ordinary sounds during off-duty hours, leading to slice plessness and the opposite extreme, in which one worker reported the sensa- tion of “wanting to sleep day and night," even during the workday. Heightened irritability was detected in 30 persons, while in 15 others, intellectual impairments were found. These included pro- nounced loss of memory (especially for current events), decreased perception, and inability to master new material. _4, (U) During clinical examination of this group of workers the investigators noted lassitude, apathy and retardation of movements and reactions. The examinees rarely expressed their complaints themselves, but more often had to be prodded verbally in order to elicit information. Replies to questions were monsyllabic and conversational initiative was lacking. 5. (U) In other studies conducted by the Institute of Hygiene imeni Erisman, Yefimov (276) reported findings including weakening of the sense of smell and decreased taste sensations as well as certain disturbances in digestion. Of the gastrointestinal symp— toms, the most frequently noted were poor appetite, nausea and a tendency toward constipation. In some cases these symptoms were , 97 Approved For Release 2004/08/02 : CIA Tey By ROOTOOZ0004-8 (NCLNSSTET
Approved €g Release 2004198102. ClA-RDP96-0087R000100120001-9 - ST-CS-01-169-72 July 1972 combined with pains in the stomach which radiated into the right subcostal region. Menstrual disturbances (dysmenorrhea and prolonged ‘amenorrhea) were detected in several women workers, but gynecological examination revealed no inflammatory or proliferative disease in any of them, Many men among the examinees complained of reduced sexual capacity. Two men, aged 46 and 48, with long work exposure on ultrasonic installations displayed sexual impotence. 6. (U) The organ and cellular effects of ultrasound have also been documented. Gorshkov (277) cites studies by Wolf in which. small aquatic animals were exposed to varied durations and intensities of 800 kHz ultrasound. The results suggested that a species specific relationship may exist for sensitivity to ultrasonic irradiation. Gorshkov also cites experiments by Buchtala, who described spon- taneous bone fracture in a young dog after ultrasonic irradiation, and Majnc, who exposed the extremities of a rabbit to ultrasound at 960 kHz, 6 watts/om2, for 30-120 minutes. Edemas of soft tissues, ulceration, periosteal separation from the bone, and subendosteal hemorrhages resulted. Necrotization of the bone eventually followed, although the joint.cartilage and Spi physeat growth plates remained completely unchanged. 7. (u) Kilupp (278) et al exposed the kidney region of animals to 2 MHz ultrasound at intensities greater than 5 watts/cm*. Morpho- logical changes were found in the primary convoluted tubules, the loops of Henle, the secondary convoluted tubules, and the descending _arms of the Loops of Henle. The connective tissue elements and collecting tubules of the medullary layer were found to be more resistant to ultrasound. Other investigators have observed dila- tation of the-renal blood vessels, hemorrhages in the medul ary and cortical layers, and degenerative changes in the epithelium of the urinary tubules following exposure to high intensity sonic waves. 8. (U) The behavioral effects of ultrasound on animals have been examined to a limited extent. - 9,  (€U). Wood and Loomis (279) exposed fish to ultrasound. The fish showed initial disquietude, then rushed from side to side in the tank, swam to the surface and attempted to gulp greedily for. air. Some, after as little as one minute of exposure, became sluggish, motionless, or showed symptoms of disturbed equilibrium and weak, irregular respiration. At times, sporadic attacks of renewed frenzied activity followed, with rapid respiration and cardiac activity. Subsequent increase in intensity killed the fish. 98 UNCLASSIFIED Approved For Release 2004/08/02 : CIA-RDP96-00787R000100120001-9 singe = BO
Approved eensioaee zane espe ge oonanec 0012014 | ST-CS-01-169-72 July 1972 10. (U) In chronic experiments with ultrasound of moderate intensity, Onanov (280) observed changes in animal behavior (apathy, lassitude, refusal of food, emaciation, trophic ulcers and loss of fur). Death due to stress with adrenal failure has been reported in sheep subjected to ultrasonic irradiation at high intensities , similar to those used in the treatment of human auditory disease. . Stress due to ultrasound of lower intensities has also been claimed (281). SECTION V - CONCLUSION 1. (C/NFD) Although the above discussion on Soviet research in the areas of biological (psychological) properties of sound was brief, it expresses an awareness on the part of the Soviets of the potential harmful effects on humans. Some Soviet research has indicated that the behavioral changes in man and animal are of prime importance. | 2. (C/NFD) According to Maire (257) scientists from Warsaw Pact countries have evinced interest in French sonic and ultra-_ sonic sirens and pneumatic compressors for acoustic wave generation. Therefore, the Soviets may be expected to continue research on small- siren powered emitters for mob control and on larger acoustic arrays for area denial and anti-infiltration application. 99 (Reverse Blank) NO FOREIGN DISSEMINATION CONFIDENTIAL Approved For Release 2004/08/02 : CIA-RDP96-00787R000100120001-9 .
Approved PagRelease 2004/08/76 5 TRAP 0 aeRO 00120001-9 ST-CS-01-169-72 July 1972 PART IX SENSORY DEPRIVATION 1. (A relatively recent development in experimental psycho- logy has been the study of the effects upon human behavior of, a severe reduction in the level and variability of visual, auditory, and tactual-kinesthetic stimulation. The experimental attempts to achieve.such a non—changing sensory environment are often referred to by. such terms as stimulus deprivation, sensory or» perceptual deprivation, or sensory and perceptual isolation. What-— ever the terminology, this condition can produce marked behavioral -and physiological changes. It has been demonstrated that a varied and pattermmed sensory environment is essential to the maintenance of normal human behavior. If a person is required to live for . lany days in a monotonous, non-changing sensory and perceptual © '“environment, his physiological and psychological processes may operate in extraordinary ways (282). 2. -(U) The following discussion is excerpted from a report by Zubek. (282). According to Zubek, the first experimental work on perceptual deprivation began in 1951 at McGill University. [Its purpose was to further the understanding of the mechanisms under- lying “brainwashing" (e.g. Korean War) and of the lapses of atten- ‘tion noted under monotonous environmental conditions, such as watching a radar screen for a prolonged period of time. The results of the McGill research were very enlightening. The subjects, who were paid to do nothing except lie alone in a semi-soundproofed chamber for several days, wear translucent goggles and listen to a constant masking sound cf low intensity, reported a variety of unusual subjective phenomena e.g. vivid and highly structured * hallucinations, delusions, and gross changes in the appearance of the perceptual environment upon emerging from isolation. In addition to these introspective reports, objective test data were obtained which indicated an increased susceptibility to propaganda material, impairments in cognitive and perceptual functioning, and.a progressive slowing of occipital alpha fre- quencies with increasing duration of isolation. Z 3. (U) The results described above, together with several other post-World War II developments, soon started worldwide interest in the effects of sensory isolation and confinement. One source of interest came from the highly publicized "confessions" extracted by communist interrogators (e.g. the Cardinal Mindzenty case). What little information was available suggested that the results were obtained by techniques which often employed solitary confinement 101 UNCLASSIFIED | : Approved For Release 2004/08/02 : CIA-RDP96-00787R000100120001-9 4, \
waht Approved PagRelease 2004/08/02: CIA-RDP96-007@gR000100120001-9.... UNCLASSIFIED ST-CS-01-169- 72 July 1972 and the deliberate impoverishment of the prisoner's perceptual environment (283). Drugs and physical torture were apparently not.used. Another development was the arrival of the space age in 1967. Other advances, as reflected in increased use of sub- marines, isolated radar and meteorological stations, and of auto- mated equipment in general, also provided considerable impetus to the initiation of research programs dealing with reactions to restricted sensory and social environménts. 4, (U) Despite the recounts of the Mindzenty case, the Soviets did not publish reports-on sensory deprivation until the mid 1960s. The Soviet data is usually published in their aerospace or related literature. Hinkle in 1969, however, has reported that under prison isolation, as this has been carried out by Soviet and Eastern European. state police, most prisoners developed symptoms of disorganization within three to six weeks; but some have been known to endure this for many months, and some have succumbed within days (284). Based on Hinkle's statement and numerous other accounts on the treatment of prisoners in the Soviet Union and other communist countries, it seems safe to say that they have. had some experience with the effects of sensory deprivation prior to their acknowledgment of actual research in this field. 5, (U) The Soviets are quick to point out that the Canadians _ and the Americans were the first to report and maintain research efforts in the field of isolation and sensory deprivation (SD). Perhaps - to detract attention from-the prison reports, Kosmolinskiy reports that from the mid-fifties, s2nsory deprivation experiments attracted increasingly greater attention in scientific investigation centers af the Army, Air Force, and Navy of the United States and Canada (285). In another section of Kosmolinskiy's report, he mentions, however, that the question of sensory deprivation was already established in the USSR in the twenties by I.P. Pavlov. The distinction between Pavlov's work and research by Galkin in 1932 (286) as compared to Western work is. that the Soviet efforts were more humane. Kosma- linskiy states that abroad, crueler forms of isolation were imposed and that sensory limitations were created by the mdst severe means e.g. plaster cast usage. 6. (U) Western literature on sensory deprivation: deals with many of the psychic manifestations that appear during or after ‘the experiment. Many investigators noted significant changes in the emotional sphere of subjects in sensory deprivation (50) experi- ments: the appearance of varying degrees of apathy, melancholy, anxiety and fear (287). Sometimes, apathy and dulled consciousness , of the subjects become so profound that one of the most important > 102 UNCLASSIFIED Approved For Release 2004/08/02 : CIA-RDP96-00787R000100120001-9
Approved FityRelease 2004/08/02 eGR eb pos-oo7egroo01 00120001-9 ST-CS-01-169-72 July 1972 instincts is destroyed - the instinct of self-preservation - and the person contemplates suicide (288). The Soviets contend that serious psychological disorders in subjects as described above are evidently related to the exessive burden of the severe experi- mental conditions on the physiology of the subjects. The Soviets - continue by stating that in the above studies it is not only a matter of the action of isolation and SD factors, but also a numbec of supplementary factors complicating the circumstances of the experiment (restraint with straps, plaster casts, uncom- ~ : fortable postures, and occasional painful sensations). The Soviets ‘further believe that Wester experimental work does not appear to be a true model of human life and work conditions, especially in space flight simulation SD studies. 7. (U) According to Kosmolinskiy, experiments on the limitation of stimuli and conditions of isolation carried out by Soviet scientists showed that a healthy person with greater will power can remain in a soundproof chamber for an extended period of time without any psychic changes threatening the condition of his health. The various specific sensory illusions which appear are not of a morbid nature. This form of sensory illusion pertains to illusions associated with incorrect perception of stimuli, the information characteristic of which is insufficient (289). The illusions themselves do not appear to be a sign of psychic disease and often are encountered in healthy persons, especially in those instances when something interferes with the. distinct perception of visual and auditory images; for example, poor lighting. Baseline psychological status, fatigue, distraction, states of expectation and fear are of great significance. O.N. Kuznetsov and V.I. Lebedev (289) in describing the presence of illusions involving recognition errors in subjects under investi- gation in the soundproof chamber as a consequence of insufficient information, of a feeling of the extraneous presence of eidetic images, ideas of relationship and over evaluations, do not consider these phenomena to be pathological, and propose calling them pseudopsychopathological. According to the data of F.D. Gorbov (290), psychopathological phenomena were absent in the experiments of Soviet cosmonauts in a soundproof chamber. 8, (U) Soviet scientists assume that the isolation factor must be studied in conformity with conditions which can occur on space flights. In this regard, the most important factor appears to be that a person believe in the necessity of the work which he is to accomplish, and that he have a clear conception of the objects of a piven experiment. Each experiment in the soundproof chamber is a moral and volitional examination for future cosmonauts, for example, which prepares them for the performance of complex tasks. 103 CONTROLLED DISSEMINATION NO DISSEMINATION ABROAD ; ‘ ’ ii WL (This page is UNCLASSIFIED) Approved For Release 2004/08/02 : CIA-RDP96-00787R000100120001-9 — x .
Approved gt Release 2004/08/02 GiB P se ooeetrr0001 00120001-9 $T-CS-01-169-72 July 1972 9. (C) Most Soviet literature, as was mentioned previously, dealing with 5D experiments is related to the space effort. The purpose for discussing some of the Soviet views above was to illustrate the rather mundane work that they report in the open literature. The more interesting aspect is their awareness and apparent concentration on Western literature as is evidenced by the -Kosmolinskiy report. The Soviets don't go so far as to condem the Western approach, but seem to be quick to point out the ‘differences from their approach which is reported to be not as severe, Based on early reports on "confessions" and "brainwashing" In communist countries, it would be naive not to assume: that the Soviets do not have a clear conception of the effects of sensory deprivation. Based also on their work in certain areas such as the biological and mental effects of light and sound it should be assumed. that the capability for the application of SD in field situations exists. Perhaps Kosmolinskiy gave himself away when he stated that experiments show that isolation and sensory depri- vation create complex physiological and psychological reactions in the human organism. Measures must be developed to prevent these disorders, which can involve several physiological systems and lead to a decrease in his capacity for work and other psycho- logical manifestations. Zubek's (282) work of 1969 indicated that a prolonged period of perceptual deprivation and confinement can produce, in most cases, a considerable disturbance of brain- wave activity. Zubek in concluding his report said, "In the light of these results, one can only wonder about the possible _ physiological and psychological state of prisoners of war and others who, in the past, have been isolated for months or even SG1 years." A 104 CONTROLLED DISSEMINATION NO DISSEMINATION ABROAD SECRET Approved For Release 2004/08/02 : CIA-RDP96-00787R000100120001-9
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Approved FegRelease: 2004/08/02) Clan A6-0078ZR0001 00120001-9 ST-CS-01-169-72 July 1972 PART X _ ELECTROMAGNETIC EFFECTS © 1. (U). Over a span of years which exceeds that of a century, numerous. researches and observations have been conducted and published on the physiological and psychological effects of elec- tric fields. ._As Davis (293) has stated in his exhaustive review of the subject, not much of substance has derived from all the attention which has been paid to the physiological effects on living organisms of placing them in environments which have been changed by manipulating one or more electromagnetic parameters. Somewhat more in the way of positive findings has been published as they relate to the psychological effects. There appears to be more literature from Soviet sources than from Wester sources concerning the effects of electromagnetic fields on the central nervous system, 2. (U) A question was raised concerning the possible hazard to personnel working with a device which generated very high field density electromagnetic pulses. Of particular concerm was the possibility that people working on an object which was to be sub- jected to the pulse might themselves receive the energy by virtue of a premature triggering or some other mischance. The generator ereated an electromagnetic field. in the form of a pulse which had a duration of 3 x 1072 sec, at a voltage of 1.0 megavolt. In essence, a Van de Graaf generator was used to charge a bank of ‘high capacity condensers. The condensers were discharged into a load consisting of an array of aerial wires so that a high potential difference was caused to exist between them and a grounded metal mesh plate. beneath. With the breakdown of the air dielec- tric an intense puised field was created. On one occasion.when the generator was being tested after its erection, a bird flew ‘under the aerial wires just as it was pulsed. The bird fell from the sky and flopped about in a rather disorganized way for a minute or so. It then appeared to regroup all those things which birds must have in order to fly, and flew off about its avian business apparently none the worse for the experience. This inci- .. dent was unsettling to those working with the generator, so a search was made in the literature for something germane which would indicate whether’ or not a hazard to operating personnel existed. This a _diterature search was reported by Hirsch et al (294). According to Hirsch, not very much was found except for a paper by Salvingnac et al (1967) which related to the psychomotor disturbances in air crews when their airplanes were struck by lightning. The density of the electromagnetic fields to which these people were exposed 107 CONFIDENTIAL (This page is UNCLASSIFIED) Approved For Release 2004/08/02 : CIA-RDP96-00787R000100120001-9 ™~
Approved Fer Release 2004/08/99 FIA DF 96-00787R0001 00120001-9 ST-CS-01-169-72 July 1972. was probably of the same order of magnitude and duration as was that associated with the EMP generator, since a lightning bolt generates a cylindrical electromagnetic field of about 10 mega- volts at its center with the density decreasing toward the periphery. ) The duration is about 6 microseconds. Salvingnac described the \ psychorotor disturbances as a "slowing of thought processes and psychomotor reactions" from which the people recovered within a brief period apparently without permanent damage. 3. (C) The above information concerming. pulsed electromagnetic energy could have behavior implications just as the photic-flicker "experiments" described in PART VI could have. The "slowing of. thought processes and psychomotor reactions" could lead to behavioral changes effecting the ability of an individual to perform a critical task such as piloting an aircraft. It cannot be determined if the report mentioned above initiated.or accelerated Soviet research in the area of the psychological or behavior effects of electromagnetic energy. Since the early 1960s, the Soviets have been publishing reports on the effects of electromagnetic and © magnetic fields on the central nervous system of animals. Although the Soviet reports do not contain. specific reference to effects on humans, the data would give one the impression that they have extensive knowledge of the subject as it might apply to humans. 4, (U) One of the more outstanding publications from the Soviet Union is a book prepared by Yu. Kholodov (295). The book is a compilation of Soviet and Western work in the area of electromagnetic effects | on the central nervous system.. The bibliography to the book contains 455 entries. A large portion of the text directs itself to the subject of the changes in c mditioned reflexes and sensitivity to light in birds, rabbits, and fish. The effects of ultrahigh and superhigh frequencies on the electrical activity of the rabbit brain is extensively discussed. A report on constant magnetic fields is also presented. Although the book addresses physiological responses, it points out that the Soviets have considerable knowledge and a keen interest in the field of electromagnetic energies. 5. (@) The UCLA Brain Information Service in Los Angeles is a bibliographic collector of information which is pertinent to this discussion. The service has compiled an extensive biblio- graphic list on the biological effects of electromagnetic fields (below visible frequencies) especially on the central nervous system, The list contains many Soviet references. However, the list is constructed around research that addresses the physiological aspects and not the psychological or behavior effects (296). 108 CONFIDENTIAL Approved For Release 2004/08/02 : CIA-RDP96-00787R000100120001-9 4
Approved FegRelease 2004/08/02 : CIA-RDP96-007QZR000100120001-9 CONFIDENTIAL ST-CS-01-169-72 July 1972 6. (WU) A Soviet review article concerning the effects of supe rhigh frequency (wavelength of from one millimeter to one meter). on the central nervous system is worth incorporation into this report. Although the work is primarily physiological, it is. meaningful because it contains some of the important areas of interest to the Soviets and could be correlated to Soviet work with other frequen- cies. Kholodov (297) reports that the effect of SHF on the functions of the central nervous system is of particular interest. So far, few studies have dealt with this subject. Kholodov contends that foreign investigators (chiefly American) use an SHF field with an intensity on the order of tens of watts/sq cm, which results in a considerable heating of the brain (above 40 degrees C). Depending upon the duration of the radiation, mice and rabbits have stopped .. eating for some time, or have made spasmodic movements, and even ‘died. Post-mortem examination of the animals have shown that the action of the powerful SHF field has resulted in destruction of the brain cells. Especially extensive destruction has been observed in the inter-brain and mid-brain. When the head of a monkey is exposed to a strong SHF field, the animal behaves normally for the first minute or two, and then covers his eyes and starts to go to sleep. But a minute later he wakes up; the rate of respira- ‘tion increases; the pupils dilate despite the bright illumination; and there is a heavy secretion of saliva. — After some time the monkey begins to shake with convulsions and utter cries. If the radiation is discontinued, by the following day the monkey in no way differs from other monkeys who have not been exposed to radiation. If exposure is continued, the animal dies after a few minutes. Experiments have shown that when men or animals are exposed to radiation, there is a chaa;se in the sensitivity to sound, light, and olfactory stimuli. A study of the receptors in the skin, the gastrointestinal system, and the circulatory system has shown \ slight changes in .them after exposure to the action of SHF. Conse-. 4 quently, the SHF field can act on the first link in the reflex arc. At the same time, SHF may act directly on the central nervous system. On the other hand, the appearance of slow waves in the record of the biological currents of the cerebral cortex, the inhibition of reflex activity, and the appearance of various vegetative reactions indicate action of the SHF field on the inter- brain, where the higher vegetative centers are located. The data from physiological experiments check very well with the results from morphological investigations. After exposure to SHF, rever- sible structural changes were observed in the cerebral cortex and in the inter-brain. It may be assumed that those areas of the brain are the most sensitive to the action of an SHF-field, although if the intensity or duration of the action is increased, other 109 CONFIDENTIAL (This page is UNCLASSIFIED) Approved For Release 2004/08/02 : CIA-RDP96-00787R000100120001-9 ft
M Approved &gy Release 2004/08/02 : CIA-RDP96-00%97R000100120001-9 ~ CONFIDENTIAL ST-CS-01-169-72. July 1972 parts of the central nervous system will also participate in the reaction. Kholodov concludes by stating that only further experi- ments will help us.to explain the mechanism of the direct action of an SHF field of nonthermal intensity. But it can already be stated that these effects can be produced by an electromagnetic field other than one of super-high frequency. 7. (U) Although Kholodov's article is early 1960, it points out the interests the Soviets had over a decade ago; for that matter, Vasilev was working with electromagnetic radiation in the 1930s in his investigations of the transport methods for ESP. It is evident that the effects of electromagnetic frequencies below visible light on man are of interest to the Soviets. Kholodov states that there is a change in the sensitivity in man to sound, light, and olfactory stimuli. One can only make certain guesses as to the possible relationship in Soviet research between electro- magnetic radiation effects and behavioral responses to other stimuli that they are working with. 8. (C) Christian (298) reports that the Soviet use of infrared to cause gross damage to human targets is conjectural. However, Christian in his report states that studies are being conducted in the USSR which would lead one to conclude that infrared is being considered as an anti-personnel weapon. Temporary blindness, even of long duration, does not endanger the eye and yet is quite serious when it alters the behavioral response of pilots or sentries to their mission. Despite an extensive review of Soviet literature on the effect of infrared radiation on humans, Christian could fird no reports on psychological effects. There was only one report on behavior effects of infrared radiation, A report by Dul'dier (299) states that a temporary loss of work capacity among workers in hot shops, such as foundries, is directly related to the dose of infrared received. He found somewhat surprisingly, | that temporary loss in working capacity is found more frequently. with younger workers, those on. the job less than five years, than the more experienced workers. 9. (U) One report has appeared in the Soviet literature relating to the behavior effects of ultraviolet radiation. A study by Al'bitskaya (300) seems to show that ultraviolet radiation can show a decrease. in the latent period of speech reaction during association testing. Al'bitskaya studied the effect of 136-400nm ultraviolet radiation on 15-16 year-old technical school students as measured by their response in a conditioned reflex situation and the length.of the latent period in motor and speech reactions. 110 eo CONFIDENTIAL Approved For Release 2004/08/02 : CIA-RDP96-00787R000100120001-9
Approved Fer Release 2004/08/02 : CIA-RDP96-00787R000100120001-9 CONFIDENTIAL ST-CS-01-169-72 July 1972 She concludes that the response system based on speech is more excitable than the response system based on sensory perception since it can be stimulated by ultraviolet radiation. 10. (U) Low frequency electromagnetic fields have been found by Kevanishvili and Zhgenti to generate sonic and ultrasonic oscillatio#g in living organisms (301). These oscillations produce ‘elastic deformations in the organism. If the frequency of the outside field corresponds to the oscillation frequency of the cells, the latter deteriorate as the result of the mechanical resonance. 11. (UV) More recently, research at the Riga Medical Institute has shown that high-tension static electrical fields affect the neurohimoral regulatory systems (301). Work is now apparently wuderway that is investigating the possibility of an effect of strong electrical fields as the energy balance of living objects at this institute. 12. -(U) Sweeney (302) has prepared a study on the biological effects of electromagnetic radiation in the range of 3 to 300,000 mlz. The study covers research in the Eurasian communist countries. This exhaustive report again contains primarily information on the effects of electromagnetic radiation as it applies to physiological responses, not psychological or behavioral. 13. (C) Since almost all of the Soviet data on electromagnetic radiation (below visible) applies to physiological response, one can only imply that they have substantial knowledge of the psycho- logical effects. Even if psychological or behavioral researrh is under way in the USSR, it is doubtful that they would publish it. There have been certain indications in the past that the Soviets may be actively engaged in weapons research employing electro- magnetic radiation. Doctor V.V. Meriakri, the Director of the Institute of Radio Engineering and Electronics of the Soviet Academy of Sciences stated during an early 1969 visit to the United States, that he is studying the radiation absorption proper~ i £ biological fluids. SG1 5 basis of ths information alone. Much more information about Meriakri and hisresearch organization is needed. 111 (Reverse Blank) CONFIDENTIAL _ Approved For Release 2004/08/02 : CIA-RDP96-00787R000100120001-9 yY
Approved Fag Release 2004/08/02 : CIA-RDP96-007877R000100120001-9 | UNCLASSIFIED | $T-CS-01-169-72 July 1972 APPENDIX I PERSONNEL AND INSTITUTES CURRENT EVENTS PART A — Affiliation Known Serbsky Central Scientific Research Institute of Forensic Psychiatry, Moscow, USSR LUNTS, D.R. (possible KGB Colonel) MALTSEVA, M.M. MARTYNENKO (fnu) MOROZOV, G.V. (Director) PECHERNIKOVA (fnu) TABANOVA (fnu) TALTSE (fnu) . TUROVA, Z.G. The Republican Hospital of the City of Riga, Latvian SSR KRASNYANSKY, 0.A. MARKIS, L.A. RUSINOVA, Z.G. Skvortsov-Stepanov Psycho-Neurological Hospital Number Three, Leningrad, USSR BROVERMAN, L.B. SHCHERBATOV (fnu) SVETLANOVA, N.K. KGB BERYOZOVSKY (fnu) Chernyakhovsk Hospital (Chernyakhovsk, formerly the East Prussian town of Insterburg) BELOKOPYTOV (MAJOR) Prison Commandant (fnu) 113 UNCLASSIFICD © ‘Approved For Release 2004/08/02 : CIA-RDP96-00787R000100120001-9 “x
Approved RoyRelease 2004/08/02 : CIA-RDP96E- -008JR000100120001- 9 UNCLASSIFIED ST-CS-O1-169-72 July 1972 PART B - Affiliation Unknown ALEKSEYEVWA, T. DETENGOF, F.F. (Tashkent, Uzbek SSR) KUZNETSOVA, E.1. NIKOLAYEVICH, L. PART C - Important Institutes - No Personalities Available VLADIMIR PRISON ( 100 miles east of Moscow) ORYOL PSYCHIATRIC HOSPITAL (170 miles. southwest of Moscow) BUTYRKA PRISON (Hospital Section), Moscow, USSR SOVIET PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY -— RESEARCH PART A - Affiliation Known Department of Psychology, Moscow State University -KONOVALOV, V.F. KRINCHIK, E.P.  LURIA, AR. TIKHOMIROV, O.K VASILYEVA, V.M. VORONIN, L.G. © Military Medical Academy (Leningrad) BODROV, V.A. Naval Medical Academy “SHASTIN, N.R. Sechenov Institute (Leningrad) FADAYEVA, D.K. TRAUGOTT, N.N. Pavlov Institute of Physiology (Leningrad) ANOKHIN, P.K. KOLTZOVA, M.M. ROGOVENKO, Ye.S. ROKOTOVA, N.A. 114 UNCLASSIFIED Approved For Release 2004/08/02 : CIA-RDP96-00787R000100120001-9
ae Approved Roy Release 2004/08/02 : CIA-RDP96-00¥85R000100120001-9 meee ‘Leningrad UNCLASSIFIED ST-CS-01-169-72 July 1972 State University GALUNOV, V.I. GUBINSKIY, A.1. LIVSHITS, V.A. USSR Academy of Medical Sciences (Leningrad) Institute BEKHTEREVA, N.P. BUDASHEVSKY, .B.G. ORLOV, V.A. of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology (Moscow) ALEKSEYEV, M.A. ASLANOV, A.S. ARATYIAN, E.A. LIVANOV, M.N. (Chief) NAPALKOV, A.V. ‘RUSINOV, V.S. SIMONOV, P.V. YERSHOV, P.M. _USSR Academy of Sciences (Mos cow) institute BASHKTROV, 0.A. BOGACHENKO, L.S. BRIKS, Z.N. FELBAUM, A.I. FUFLYGINA, T.P. GERASIMCHUK, V.A. IVANOV-SMOLENSKY, A.G. KORBATOV, B.M. MASLENNIKOVA, V.M. MUCHNIK, I.B. NARODITSKAIA, G.D. NOVIK, I.B. SEREDINA, M.1. SHITL'MAN, E.V. STROKHINA, T.V. of Psychology, Academy of Pedagogical Sciences (Moscow) BOYOXO, E.I. CHUPERIKOVA, N.I. EL'KONEN, D.B. ISTOMINA, Z.M. 115 “3 Approved For Release 2004/08/02 : CIA-RDP96-00787R000100120001-9 UNCLASSIFIED met 1]
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* se 7 Approved €gy Release 2004/08/02 : CIA-RDP96-0QZ5#7 RO00100120001-9 woe SECRET ST-CS-01-169-72 July 1972 APPENDIX IIT FUTURE TRENDS 1. (S/NFD) It is now apparent that the ideological stigmas attached to parapsychological phenomena have been breached in the Soviet Union. Although serious studies of psi have been ' going on in the USSR since the 1920s, it has only been since 1962 that researchers such as L. Vasilev have been allowed to publish their work. In 1971, however, the open literature and the open exchange of ideas between the USSR and the West halted. During the next fifteen years it is expected that the Soviets will energetically pursue all aspects of parapsychology. With party approval and with the large sums of money allocated in the late 1960s, it is inconceivable that the work has stopped. It is believed that certain military applications have been dis- covered and that by 1980, the Soviets will have mastered some | aspects of psi phenomena in order to alter human behavior. 2, (S/NFD). The Soviets are concentrating on the development of psycho-warfare agents. One of the more recent areas appear- to lie in the development or isolation of marine toxins. The Serbsky Institute of Forensic. Psychiatry in Moscow is one such facility shown to have interest in psychotropic substances to > include LSD, tranquilizers, and marine toxins. It is believed that the search for new "mindbending" agents will continue in the USSR. CGlose scrutiny of the literature, etc., especially in marine toxin research is imperative. 3. (S/NFD) Based on exhaustive searches of Soviet literature, it is now apparent that the USSR has initiated research into the behavior of insects and animals (possibly human) that is related to pheromones. The technological base is available in the USSR (and elsewhere) which could allow immediate behavioral exploitation of certain insect and animal populations. The use of certain pheromones that cause a gathering of animals to a certain location and release of their aggressive behavior would cause immediate disruption and confusion, and depending on the insect or animal, even death to military units at the focal points of infestation. It is extremely likely that given five to ten years of further research, the Soviets will have the means as well as countermeasures for the military employment of pheromones. 125 NO FOREIGN DISSEMINATION Approved For Release 2004/08/02 : CIA-RDP96-00787R000100120001-9
vte Approved gy Release 2004/08/02 : CIA-RDP96-04Zg7R000100120001-9 SECRET ST-CS-01-169-72 July 1972 4. (S/NFD) The Soviets, it appears, have already experimented with the use of flashing lights and colored lights for the purpose of eliciting behavioral change in human targets. There is literature available that reports on Soviet work involved in the interactions of sound, light, and olfactory stimuli in humans. The possibility already exists that the USSR has systems for the use of flickering lights in the field. It can now be assessed. that in the next 15 years, they may develop a system that alters behavior by combining. two or more systems e.g. sound and light together, to mask the use of the principal weapon e.g. the admini- stration of a pheromone or a psychotropic compound. 126 NO FOREIGN DISSEMINATION ‘ Approved For Release 2004/08/02 : CIA-RDP96-00787R000100120001-9 oe areal
an Approvedygr Release 2004/08/02 : CIA-RDP96-0QZ37R0001 00120001-9 UNCLASSIFIED ST-CS-01-169-72 July 1972 APPENDIX IV THE "1961 DIRECTIVES" (WU) Directives on the Immediate Hospitalization of Persons Mentally Ill Who are a Social Danger, Practice of Forensic Psychiatric Diagnosis, Research Handbook No. 6, under the editorship of G.V. Morozov, Ministry of Health of the USSR, Serbsky Central Research Institute of Forensic Psychiatry of the USSR, Moscow, 1962. Confirmed by the deputy minister of health of the USSR, I Kochergin, October 10,.1961. Number 04-14 32. Affirmed for Procurator of the USSR, by Deputy General Procu- rator of the USSR,.A. Mishutin, October 10, 1961. Affirmed for the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the RSFSR, by the Deputy Minister of Intemal Affairs of the RSFSR, P. Romashkov, October 9, 1961. In a number of instances the necessity for prevention of dangerous actions of persons mentally ill requires their immediate hospita- lization in psychiatric institutions. In accordance with this: 1. If there is a clear danger from a person mentally ill to those around him or to himself the health organs have the right (by way of immediate psychiatric assistance) to place him in a psychiatric hospital without the consent of the person who is ill or his relatives or guardians. 2. In the psychiatric institution within 24 hours the sick person hospitalized must be examined by a special committee composed of three doctor-psychiatrists, which considers tne question of correctness of hospitalization and determines the necessity for further presence in the hospital. The closest relatives are informed of the hospitalization of the sick person, ‘3. The basic indication for obligatory hospitalization is the social danger of the sick person as conditioned by the following particular features of his sick. condition: a. Psychomotor excitation with a tendency towards aggressive -actions; b. Deviant conduct accompanied by psychiatric disorder (hallucinations, deliriums, a syndrome of mental automatism, 127 mI C) Approved For Release 2004/08/03!aiAoRDPdé100787R000100120001-9
ey Approved wa Release 2004/08/02 : CIA-RDP96-00087 R001 001 20004 -9 UNCLASSIFIED ST-CS-01-169-72 July 1972 syndromes of disordered consciousness, and pathological impulsiveness), if it occurs in a condition of sharply expressed affective tension and a tendency to pass into action; c. Systematic delirious syndromes with a chronic deteriorating course, if they determine the socially dangerous conduct of the sick person; d. Hypochondriac delirious conditions causing incorrect, aggressive attitudes of the sick person towards particular persons, organizations and institutions. The morbid conditions enumerated above, tending within themselves _ to undoubted social danger, may occur with externally correct conduct and dissimulation. In this connection special care must be used when assessing the mental condition of such persons, so that the indications for immediate hospitalization are not stretched to fit the case, and, at the same time, the possibility of socially dangerous behavior on the part of the mentally sick can be prevented by means of timely hospitalization. The indica- tions’ for immediate hospitalization enumerated above are not exhaustive, but are only a list of the more frequently occurring illnesses which present a social danger, 4, Simple, although acute, alcoholic intoxication is not an indication for immediate hospitalization in a mental institu- tion, as is not also intoxication brought about by other narcotic compounds (except. serious intoxicational psychosis and psychotic variations of abstential conditions), and affective reactions . of persons who are not suffering from mental illness, 5. Doctor~psychiatrists effect the immediate hospitalization directly, but in districts where there are ne psychiatric institu- tions doctors belonging to the general medical service do SO, as the ill person must be immediately conveyed to the nearest psychiatric hospital. 6. When immediate hospitalization is indicated, the doctor committing the sick person to the hospital is under obligation to give full details of the medical and social grounds for his decision, and in the conclusion of his report on the case, to mention his place of work, the post he occupies, his name, and the time when the decision on immediate hospitalization had been reached. 128 UNCLASS | Approved For Release 2004/08/02 : dix Abbgd-00787R000100120001-8
$SG1B Approved For Release 2004/08/02 : CIA-RDP96-00787R000100120001-9 Approved For Release 2004/08/02 : CIA-RDP96-00787R000100120001-9
SG1B cua : inate : : ApprovediGgt Release 2004/08/02 : CIA-RDP96-00g97R000100120001-9 CONFIDENTIAL ST-CS-01-169-72 July 1972 The science of mass manipulation plays a major role in modern warfare - at least theoretically. In past wars, a hostile con- frontation between two parties was a diplomatic duel, or a military battle which was based on and regulated, in general, by classical concepts of acceptable military conduct (e.g., international agreements on the status of POWs, unarmed civilians, etc.). But this concept has changed. In modern warfare, there is a powerful third force which has, perhaps, the most decisive bearing on the outcome of any diplomatic and/or military confrontation today. This third force is the manipulated mass - individuals who, by modern mass communications media, have been welded into a solid front, holding the same, or very similar, opinions. This third force conflicts with, and ultimately controls the hostile con- frontation by appling its criteria rather than the older criteria 132 NO FOREIGN DISSEMINATION CONFIDENTIAL Approved For Release 2004/08/02 : CIA-RDP96-00787R000100120001-9
May Approved &g Release 2004/08/02 : CIA-RDP96-00%g#R000100120001-9 CONFIDENTIAL ST-CS-01-169-72 July 1972 of acceptable diplomatic and military conduct. The study of these criteria is also the task of opinionology. Source again cited, as a case in point, the war in Vietnam. According to older, classical concepts of warfare, the Vietnamese (including the North Vietnamese), should have sided with the Americans who are fighting in Vietnam to liberate the Vietnamese from the threat of Communist oppression and mass terror. Instead, the Vietnamese masses have been welded opinionologically G.e., deceived by Communist manipulation), into believing that they are fighting for their freedom and national independence against a “foreign (American) invader, whereas in reality they are fighting the Americans to be eventually ens Laved by the Communists. Source believes that this situation is an obvious result. of American ignorance in manipulating mass media. By ignoring mass opinion (both American and world), the Americans have maneuvered themselves into the position of an "invading foreign power," in the eyes of the opinionologically indoctrinated Vietnamese. The study of the pattern of mass manipulation and mass resonance is based on the new scientific approach to psychology known as structural psychology. This psychology, which is also taugnt in the West, rejects the classical. psychology which devotes itself exclusively to the individual. According to structural psychology, the individual is conceived as a derivative of the hierarchic groups which condition and mold his existence. These groups are: The Intimate micro-group (family) ; The social micro-group (environment) ; The social molding group (LORENZ, Praegungsgruppe) 3 and The basic structuring group (ethnic group). | According to structural psychology, the phenomenology of the individual ig considered to be a reflection of the phenomenology of these four groups. The study of mass resonance is concerned with the fourth group. Of the different methods of investigating the pattern of this group, opinionology is one of the most rewarding and most commonly used, a. Glossary of Terms Source furnished the following glossary to define the psychological and psychiatric terminology used in this report: 133 NO FOREIGN DISSEMINATION Approved For Release 2004/08/02 : PARBRBG-90787R000100120001-9
Ne Approvedigr Release 2004/08/02 : CIA-RDP96-00797R000100120001-9 : ee cent ee | tC AS AAA: CONFIDENTIAL §T~CS-01-169=72 - July 1972 . | (1) Opinionology: This term is understood as the theory dealing with the unstructured reaction of the masses, and/or ~. the reaction of the unstructured masses. NOTE: Opinionology is not identical with cemoscopy; i.e., PO (public opinion) research which represents statistical evaluations of social data (mainly pseudo data). . (2). Unstructured mass: An unstructured mass consists of large numbers of individuals whose standards of value have been disturbed to a point approaching disintegration, so that the values have become ambiguous as a result. In other words, the reactions governing individuals are not homogeneous to the mass and, therefore, cannot weld the mass into an integrated whole. (3) Structured mass: A structured mass is one in which certain affective behavior manifestations are constant based on certain laws governing the individuals comprising the mass. (4) Mental structure of an individual: The mental structure of an individual is composed of certain affective behavior manifes- tations which remain. constant; hence the mental structure of the individual is a repetitive phenomenology. (5) Structuralization: This is the process of persuading individuals comprising a mass to accept a certain system of values (i.e., a “structure"). (6) Unstructuration: This term has the same definition as item (2) above (unstructured mass). | (7) Structuration: Defined under item (3) above (structured mass). This term can also be defined as the structural form ofa mass; i.e., of the individuals comprising the mass. (8) De-structuration: This is the process of depriving a mass of individuals (structured or structurized), of its values | (i.e., its structure). (9) Engrammation: A permanent effect produced in the psyche as a result of stimulation. It serves as the basis for memory. (10) Chronaxia: The mimimum time necessary to excite. (11). Cybernetics: A science dealing with the comparative study of complex electronic calculating machines and the human nervous system in an attempt to explain the nature of the brain. Approved For Release 2004/08/02 ,:-GIA-RDP96-00787R000100120001-9 NO FOREIGN DISSEMINATION COMETNENTTAL
Approved Rev Release 2004/08/08 -RDP96-00%g7R000100120001-9 | IP TRENTTAL : : . ST-CS-01-169-72 SG1B July 1972 (1) The factors of mass de-structuration and of unstruc— turation; that is, the circumstances under which groups of individuals (masses), become morientated (not disorientated) masses. Studies show that these masses can be manipulated 100 percent, as a result of de-structuration. (2) The factors governing the unstructured mass resonance; i.e., public opinion (PO); the excitement threshold of public opinion, its latency period and, as a link between the two, its chronaxia (latency period of the double excitement threshold). See Figure 1. (3) The types of unstructured mass resonance (public opinion), which range from latent undemonstrated sympathy and/or antipathy, to extreme turbulence and, in the final degree, to massive demonstra- tions of violence. (4). The short-term and long-term memory of public opinion (PO), in relation to events, and its engrammation. SG1B 135 NO FOREIGN DISSEMINATION CONFIDENTIAL Approved For Release 2004/08/02 : CIA-RDP96-00787R000100120001-9 \
SGIA Approved For Release 2004/08/02 : CIA-RDP96-00787R000100120001-9 Next 5 Page(s) In Document Exempt Approved For Release 2004/08/02 : CIA-RDP96-00787R000100120001-9
Approvediggr Release 2004/08/02 : CIA-RDP96-08g87R000100120001-9 CONFIDENTIAL ST-CS-01-169-~72 July 1972 | | J TINTEMSITY A Ooveare “EACITEMENT THRESHOLD EXC) TEMENT THRESHOLD ——_ we eee eee >t an | <— CHRONAXIA —> LATENCY PERIOD | Figure 1 (C) Chart of Public Opinion Resonance 142 NO FOREIGN DISSEMINATION CONFIDENTIAL Approved For Release 2004/08/02 : CIA-RDP96-00787R000100120001-9 \
Approved gy Release 2004/08/08 & ec REIERP ORES? R000 00120001-9 . A ST-CS-01-169-72 July 1972 APPENDIX VI MILAN RYZL Biocummunications (Parapsychology) Scientist 1. (UY) Doctor Milan Ryzl is an international authority on para psychology, who has lectured widely both in the United States and in Europe. Doctor Ryzl, educated in Czechoslovakia, was a member of the Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences in Prague and was a leading figure in the application of scientific methods to the study of parapsychology. After he arrived in the United States, he worked with Doctor J.B. Rhine at the Institute of Parapsychology in Durham, North Carolina. There Doctor Ryzl was especially noted for his original research on the influence of hypnosis on ESP. 2. (UV) Doctor Ryzl has taught parapsychology at San Diego State College and is currently a professor of parapsychology at San Jose State University. He is a member of and has founded para- psychological and psychical research groups in Europe and in the United States. Doctor Ryzl's primary efforts in this field have been to document a case for parapsychology by. means of highly refined and systematized scientific methods. He published his results in, Parapsychology: A Scientific Approach (Hawthorn Books, 1970). In his work, Doctor Ryzl presents indisputable and thoroughly documented evidence that psychic phenomena exist and scientifically examines the full range of psychic phenomena by evaluating experi- mental evidence derived from laboratory controlled testing. 3. (U) Doctor Ryzl is also well-known as a reviewer and analyst of parapsychology developments and trends in Eastern Europe. He has frequently published reviews and commentaries on parapsycho- logical works from behind the Iron Curtain. One such is Telepatie OA Jasnovidnost (Telepathy and Clairvoyance), by Doctor Z. Rejdak. Doctor Ryzl's review of this book was published in the July-August 1971 edition of the Parapsychology Review. 143 (Reverse ,Blank) UNCLASSIFIED Approved For Release 2004/08/02 : CIA-RDP96-00787R000100120001-9 \ es,
“Approved Roy Release 2004/08/02 : CIA-RDP96- -00%87R000100120001-9 UNCLASSIFIED | ST-CS-01-169-72 July 1972 BIBLIOGRAPHY os 1. Congressional Record, 92nd Congress of the United States, Volume 117, Number 176, 17 November 1971, Washington, DC. (WU) 2. Shallice, T. and Wall, P., Interrogation Question, New Scientist, UK, Volume 52, Number 773, p. 67, 9 December 1971. (U0) 3. Psychologist Says Detainees in Ulster Undergo Torture, The New York Times, 9 January 1972. (U) 4. Biderman, A.D. and Zimmer, H., The Manipulation of Human Behavior, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York-London, 323 pp., 1961. (WU) 5. Medvedev, Z.A. and Medvedev, R.A., A Question of Madness, The New York Times Magazine, 7 November 1971. (U) 6. Department of State Airgram, CA-5185, 15 November 1971. (C) 7. Reddaway, P., Plea to West on Soviet "Mad-house" Jails, The London Times, 12 March 1971. (U) 8. Ibid, Save Ex-Soviet General, The London Times, 2 May 1971. (WU) “9, Ibid, Soviet Group's Plea to Psychiatrists, The London Times, 23 October 1971. (WU) 10. Jensen, H., Soviet Dissenter Speaks Out, The Washington Post 17 May 1970... (U) il. Shabad, T., Two Dissidents in Soviet Prison Hospital Charge Drugs are Used to Change Beliefs of Political Prisoners, The New York Times, 18 March 1971. (U) 12. Reston, R., Russian Use of Drugs to Curb Dissent Told, The London Times (mo. date). (U) 13. Goodman, L.S. and Gilman, A., The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 4th edition, The Macmillian Company , New York, pp. 155- 170, 1970.  (U) 14. Brumberg, A., How Russia Uses Asylums to Kill Dissent, The Washington Post, 18 October 1971. (WU) 145 UNCLASSIFIED Approved For Release 2004/08/02 : CIA-RDP96-00787R000100120001-9' \
Approveckggr Release 2004/08/02 : CIA-RDP96- -0QZ97R000100120001 - -9 UNCLASSIFIED ST-CS-01-169-72 July 1972 _15. Directives on the Immediate Hospitalization of Persons Ment ally Ill Who are a Social Danger, Practice of Forensic Psychiatric _ _ Diagnosis, Research Handbook Number Six, Morozov, G.V., Editor Ministry of Health, USSR, Serbsky Central Research Institute of Forensi.c Psychiatry of the USSR, 1962. . (U) 16. Chalidze, V.N., Concerning Compulsory Commitment to Psychiatric Hospitals, Moscow (in samizdat), May-June 1970, MIO Number Five, ST-CS-01-169-72. (U) 17. " Outpatient Forenic-Psychiatric Examination of Yakhimovich, I.A.,, The Neurological Center of the City of Riga, 1 April 1969, MIO Number Three, ST-CS-01-169-72. (U) 18. Report Number 96, Inpatient Forensic-Paychiatric Examination of Yakhimovich, I1.A., Psychiatric Section of Investigation Department, Number One, City of Riga, 3 June 1969. (WU). 19. Report Number = Inpatient Forensic- Psychiatric Examination of Yakhimovich, I.A., Central Scientific Research Institute (Serbsky Institute) of Forensic Psychiatry, 12 January 1970. (U) 20. Volpin, A., Novoye Russkoye Slovo, New York, 10 June 1968. (U) 21. Report Number 575, Skvortsov-Stepanov Psycho-Neurological . _ Hospital, Leningrad, 14 October 1969, (U) 22. Conclusion of a Commission Presided Over by the (Moscow) City Psychiatrist I.K. Yanishevsky, 19 November 1969, MIO Number. Two, ST- CS-01-169-72. (VU) 23. ‘Report Number 28/S, The Forensic-Psychiatric Examination of N.E. Gorbanevskaya, 6 April 1970.  (U) 24. Gorbanevskaya, N.E., Letters from the Butyrka Prison (Moscow), 1970, MIO Number One, ST-CS-01-169-72. .(U) 25. Fainberg, V., Appeal to Human Rights Organization, July 1970, - MIO Number Four, ST-CS-01-169-72. (WU) 26. Report Numbe 40, The Outpatient Forensic-Psychiatric Diagnosis of P.G, Grigorenko, KGB Report, 18 August 1969, (WU) 27. Report Number 59/S, An Inpatient Forensic-Psychiatric- -Diagnosis . of P.G. Grigorenko, Serbsky Scientific Research Institute, 19 November 1969. .(U) 146 UNCLASSIFIED Approved For Release 2004/08/02 : CIA-RDP96-00787R000100120001-9 ~
SGIA Approved For Relgase 2004/08/02 : CIA-RDP96-00787RQQ#1001 20001 -9 _ UNCLASSIFIED ST-CS-01-169-72 | July 1972 53. Davson, H. and Eggleton, M.G., Starling's Human Physiology, 14th edition, Philadelphia, Lea and Febiger, p. 1417, 1968. (U)- 54. Bartley, S.H., The Psychophysiology of Vision, Stevens, S.S., ‘editor, Handbook of Experimental Psychology, New York, Wiley, ' pp. 921-984, 1951.  (U) 55. Kholodov, Yu.A., The Effect of an Electromagnetic Field on the Central Nervous System, Priroda, Number 4, April 1960, (JPRS 14447, 12 July 1962). (U) 56. Hahn, C.P., Psychological Phenomena Applicable to the Development of Psychological Weapons, ATL-TR-65-98, American Institutes for Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, December 1965. (WU) 57. Unsolicited Proposal for Special Research Services and | Technical Analyses, Mankind Research Unlimited, Inc., Washington, .DC, MRU Proposal Number 101, 5 January 1972. (WU) 58. Teodorovich, N., Soviet Studies of Parapsychic Phenomena, Review of Soviet Medical Sciences, Volume 4, Number 1, 1967. (WU) 59. Ryzl, M., Parapsychology: A Scientific Approach, Hawthorn Books, Inc., New York, 1970. (U) . 60. Bekhterev, V.M., Experiments on "Mental" Influencing of the Behavior of Animals, Voprosy Izucheniya i vospitaniya lichnosti, Petrograd, Number 2, 1920. (U) 61. Ivanov-Smolensky, A.G., Cxperiments in Thought Transmission Carried out on Animals, Ibid. (U) 62. Vasilev, L.L., Experimental Research of Mental Suggestion, Leningrad Press, Leningrad, 1962. (WU) po 64. Vasilev, L.L., Mysterious Phenomena of the Human Psyche, Moscow, 1959, 2nd edition, 1963; 3rd edition, 1964. (WU) 65. Komsomolskaya pravda, 15 November 1959. (U) 66. Nanka i zhizn, Number ll, p. 46, 1960. (U) 67. Znaniye-sila;-Number 12, pp. 18-23, 1960. (Uv) 149 LU ICLASSIFIED - Approved For Release 2004/08/02 : CIA-RDP96-00787R000100120001-9 ‘
whee - Approved For Rgjease 2004/08/02 : CIA-RDP96-00787NQ#0100120001-9 © UNCLASSIFIED ST-CS~01-169-72 July. 1972 68. Znaniye-sila, Number 7, p. 22, 1961. (U) 69. Smena, 15 January 1961. (U) 70, Tekhnika molodizhi, Number 1, 2 and 3, 1961. (U) 71. Kazinskiy, B.B., Biological Radio Communications, Izdatil-stvo Akademii Nauk Urainskay SSR, Kiev, 168 pp., 1962. (U) 72. Nauka i religiya, Numbers 7 through 11, 1965, (U) 73. Ibid, Number 9, pp. 41-45, 1966. (U) 74, Stone, W.C. and Growning, N.L., The Other Side of the Mind, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, N.J., 1964. (v) 75. Ostrander, S.-and Schroeder, L., Psychic Discoveries Behind the Iron Curtain, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, N.J., 1970. (Uv) 76. Velinov, I., Recent Soviet Experiments in Telepathic Communi- cation, Foreign Science Bulletin, Volume 4, Number 8, p. 13, 1968. (U) 77. Messadie, G., Du Nautilus, Science et Vie, Number 509, February 1960. (U) a 78. Soviet Review, Volume 2, Number 6, June 1961, (WU) 79. Popovkin, V., Le Congress de Moscow sur la Telepathie, Planete, Paris, July-August 1968. (U) 80. Ryzl, M., Review of Biological Radio, Journal of Parapsychology, Volume 35, Number 2, June 1971. (U) 81. Kolodny, L., Wireless Telegraph, Number 2, Moscow, Pravda, 9 April 1967. (U) , 82, An ESP Test from Appollo 14, Journal of Parapsychology, Volume 35, Number 2, June 1971. (VU) 83. The University Explorer, ESP - The Extrasensory Puzzle, Newsletter of the University of California, (U.E. 2156), 23 May 1971. (WU) 84. Science News, Volume 99, Number 16, 17 April 1971. (WU) 85. Newsletter, American Society for Psychical Research, Number 10, Summer 1971. (U) 150 Approved For Release 2004/08160-/ Bhd AbPe6-00787R0001 00120001-9
Approved For Rgjease 2004/08/02 : CIA-RDP96-00787R8880100120001-9. FOR OFFICIAL USE QILY- ST-CS—01-169-72 July 1972 86. Vaughan, A., Interview: Montague Ullman, MD., Psychic, Volume II, Number 6, June 1971. (UV) 87. Welk, G.A., Proposed Use of the Apport Technique as a Means to Strengthen the U.S. Intelligence System (FOU0), 15 October 1970, MIO Number Seven, ST-CS-01-169-72. (FOUO). 88. Crookes, W., Notes of an Enquiry into the Phenomena Called Spiritual, During the Years 1870-73, The Quarterly Journal of Science, and Annals of Mining, Metallurgy, Engineering, Industrial Arts, Manufacturing, and Technology, London, Volume Number XLI, January 1874. (U) 89. Wallace, A.R., Buchanan, J.R., Lyman, D., and Aargent, E., The Psycho-Physiological Sciences and their Assailants, Boston, Colley and Rich, 1878. (WU) 90. Zoellner, J.K.F., Transcendental Physics, 2nd edition, Boston, 1881. (U) 91. Ostrander, S. and Schroeder, L., Psychic Discoveries Behind the Iron Curtain,. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, N.J., pp. 196- 209, 1970. (U) 92. Dick, W., Russians Perfecting ESP for Spying, National Enquirer, p. 8, 9 January 1972. (U) 93. Muldoon, S. and Carrington, H., The Projection of the Astral Body. London, Psychic Bork Club, 1929. (U) 94. Nicol, J.F., Old Light on "New" Phenomena, Psychic, Volume II, Number 6, pp. 26-28, 36, June 1971. (U) SG1B 98. Mutschall, V., The Present Status of Research in Telepathy in the Soviet Union, Foreign Science Bulletin, Volume 4, Number 8, 1968. (U). 99. Popovkin, V., Thought Transference Between Moscow and Novosibirsk, Komsomolskaya pravda, Moscow, p. 3, 7 July 1966, (JPRS 36911, 9 August 1965). (U) 151 FOR OFFICIAL USE GALY Approved For Release 2004/08/02 : CIA-RDP96-00787R000100120001-9 ay
Pare Approved For Rgjease 2004/08/02 : CIA-RDP96-00787940100120001-9 FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY ST-CS-01-169-72 July 1972 ‘100. Scientists Investigate Results of Telepathic Experiments, Literaturnaya gazeta, Moscow, p. 12, 5 June 1968 (JPRS 45922, 18 July 1968). (0) 101. Kogan, I.M., Telepathy, Hypotheses, and Observations, Nauka i Tekhnika, Riga, Number 4, pp. 35-36, 1967 (JPRS 43028, 19 October 1967). (WU) 102. Kogan, I.M., The Information Theory Aspect of Telepathy, paper presented at the Symposium entitled "A New Look at Extra- sensory Perception," 7-8 June 1969, University of Southem Cali- fornia at L.A. (VU) 103. Simonov, P., Pros and Cons of Existence of Telepathy, Nauka i Zhiza, Moscow, Number 4, pp. 54-58, April 1966, (JPRS 37313, 29 August 1966). (WU) 104, Rejdak, Z. and Rosinsky, T., Psychotronics - Trojan House of Irrationality, Kulturny Zivot, Bratislava, Number 16, 21 April 1967, (JPRS 41122, 23 May 1967). © (U) soe 106. Ostrander, S. and Schroeder, L., Psychic Enigmas and Energies in the USSR, Psychic, Volume II, p. 14, May-June 1971. (U) 107. Telepathy and Electronic Machines, Moscow, Pravda, 22 March 1967. (U) 108. Segeyev, G.A., Pavlova, L., and Romanenko, A., Statistical Method of Research of the Human EEG, Leningrad: Academy of Science USSR, Science Publishing, 1968. (WU) 109. The Parapsychological Association, Fourteenth Annual Convention, Durham, N.C., 9-11 September 1971... (U) 110. The American Association for the Advancement of Science, 138th Meeting, Philadelphia, Pa., 26-31 December 1971. (U) lll. Barcus, L., Stevenson, I., and Pratt, J.G., Inferences about Processes Derived from Unusual Occurrences during "Psychic Photography," Farrand Optical Co. of N.Y.C. and University of Virginia, paper presented.at the 14th Annual meeting of the Para- psychology Association, Durham, N.C., 9-11 September 1971. (WU) 152 FOP AFFICTAL USE ONLY (This page is UNCLASSIFIED) Approved For Release 2004/08/02 : CIA-RDP96-00787R000100120001-9
Approved For Rgjease 2004/08/02 : CIA-RDP96-00787/80#0100120001-9 UNCLASSIFIED) ST-CS-01-169-72 July 1972 112. Pratt, J.G. and Ransom, C., Exploratory Observations of the Movement of Static Objects without the Apparent Use of Known Physical Energies by Nina S. Kulagina, Ibid. (U) 113. Ullman, M., Some Observations on Mrs. Kulagina, Ibid. (U) '.114. Vera Sees Through Walls, Moscow, Selskaya Zhiza, p- 4, 6 June 1964. (Uv) 115. Novomeyskiy, A.S., The Nature of the Dermo-Optical Sense in Man, Voprosy psikhologii, Volume IX, Number 5, pp. 99-117 (JPRS 23068). (U) 116. Teplova, L. and Nyuberg, N.D., Finger Seeing, Piroda, Number 6, 1964. (U) 117. Nyuberg, N.D., Sight in the Fingers, Piroda, Number 5, 1963. (U) 118. Baratyants, M., Second Case of Skin Vision Phenomenon Demon- . strated in USSR, Trud (USSR), p. 3, cols., 2-6, 8 May 1964. (U) 119. Seeing Without Eyes, Moscow News, p. 4, 22 August 1964, (U) 120.. Second Case of Seeing Hands, Moscow News, p. 14, 8 Febraury 1964. (U) (121. Bongard, M.M. and Smimov, M.S., Skin Vision of R. Kuleshova, Biofizika, Volume 10, Number 1, pp. 148-154, 1965. (WU) 122. Snyakin, P.G., The Problem of the Development of the Relation- ship Between Optic and Skin Perception of Light in Man, Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine, Moscow, Volume XXIX, Number 8, pp. 16-20, 1964. (WU) 123. Dobronravov, S.N. and Fishelev, Ya.R., Skin Vision, Ibid. (U) 124, Dozens of Persons in USSR with “Touch Sight," Zycie Warszawy. p. 2, cols. 5-6, 29 March 1963. (U) 125. Skin Vision, Meditsinskaya gazeta, Number 4, cols. 6-7, 15 February 1963. -(U) 126.  FBIS Report 63, 29 January 1963. (FOUOQ) 127. FBIS Report 63, 6 June 1963. (FOUO) 153 LINCLASSTFTED Approved For Release 2004/08/02 : CIA-RDP96-00787R000100120001-9 xy
Approved For Rejéase 2004/08/02 : CIA-RDP96- 00787Re60100120001 -9 | FOR OFFICIAL USE ANLY ST-CS-01-169~-72 July 1972 157. Balkhashov, I., Concerning Hypnopedia and the Rapid Learning of a Foreign Language, Voprosy Psikhologii, Number 4, 1965. .(U) 158. Khilchenko, A.Ye., Moldavskaya, S.I., Kolchenko, N.V., and Shevko, G.N., The Effect of Hypnopedic Teaching Methods on the Efficiency of the Cerebral Cortex, Voprosy psikhologii, Number 4, 1965. (WU) 159. Ryzhonok, B., Experiment in Teaching During Sleep, Volennyy ' vestnik, Number 11, 1966. (Jv) 160. Hypnopedia. - Pros and Cons, Moscow News, Number 14, 1967. (U) 161. Nikitin, L., Trends and Discoveries, Rabochaya gazeta, 1 December 1966. (U) 162. Bliznechenko, L.A., Introduction and Retention of Information in the Human Memory During Natural Sleep, Naukova Dumka, Kiev, 1966, (FID-HT-23-1630-67). (U) 163. Dodge, C.H. and Lamont, E., Sleep Learning in the USSR, 7 February 1969, (ATD Report 68-91-108-6). (U) 164. Kuproyanovich, L.I., Reserves for Improving Memory, Moscow, 143. pp., 1970 (JPRS 54449, 10 November 1971). (WU) 165. Talese, G., Most Hidden Persuasion, The New York Times, 12 January 1958. (WU) 166. McConnell, J.V., Cutler, R.L., and McNeil, E.B., Subliminal Stimulation: An Overview, The American Psychologist, 1958. (U) 167. Naylor, J.C. and Lawshe, C.H., An Analytical Review of the Experimental Basis of Subception, Journal of Psychology, Number 46, pp.» 75-96, 1958. (U) 168, Goldiamond, I., Indicators of Perception, Psychological Bulletin, Volume 55, Number 6, 1958. (U).. 169. Corrigan, R.E., Becker, H.C., and Moor, A.B., Subliminal Perception: A Positive Asset to its Field of Communication, An Address to the Federal Communications Commission and National Association of Broadcasters, Washington, DC, 13 February 1958, (U) 156 FOR OFFICIAL USE QHLY (This page is UNCLASSIFIED) Approved For Release 2004/08/02 : CIA-RDP96-00787R000100120001-9
Approved For Rekéase 2004/08/02 : CIA-RDP96-00787R080100120001-9 UNCLASSIFIED ST-CS-01-169-72 July 1972 SG1B 171. Radeva, M., Psychotherapy Heals and Fortifies, Evening | News, Sofia, Bulgaria, 14 August 1965. (U) 172. Unusual Case in Medical Practice, Sofia Pravda, Bulgaria, 27 August 1965. (WU) 173. Operating Through Suggestion in Awakened State, Rabot-nichesko Delo, Sofia, Bulgaria, 25 August 1965. (WU) 174. Novakov, A., Pashmakova, K., Staleva, L., Dimcheva, M., Petrunova, $., Metsova, R., Chukova, M., Bavieri, B., and Stoykova, Zi, Doubtful.Methods or Doubtful Information, Sofia, Vechemi Novini, Bulgarian, p. 4, 3 August 1971 (JPRS 53960, 1 September 1971). (Y) 175. Simurov, A., Is It Possible to Learn a Language in a Month?, Pravda, 27 July 1969. . (U) 176. Autosuggestion Experiments in Karaganda, Krasnaya Zvezda, Moscow, p. 4., 7 March 1965, (JPRS 30083). (U) 177. Autogenic Training - A New Method of Autosuggestion, Zarya Vostoka, p. 4, cols. 3-8, 29 August 1966. (U) 178. Space-Conditioner, Spaceflight, Volume 9, Number 1., P. 10, January 1967.- (U) 179. Gurvich, G.I., Marishchuk, V.L., Tishchenko, M.I., Yefimenko, G.D., and Khvognov, B.S., Changing the Psychophysiological State of the Organism by Autogenous and Exogenous Suggestion, Kosmicheskaya biologiya i Meditsina, Volume 1, Number 4, pp. 73-76, 1967. (WU) 180. Mordinov, E.F. and Genkin, A.A., On the Possibility of Predicting Suggestibility in Man Through Use of Data of the Spontaneous Electroencephalogram, Zhurnal Vvysshii Nerunoi Deyatil nosti, Volume 19, Number 6, pp. 1022-1032, November 1969. (WU) 181. Weiss, W., Mass Media and Social Change, Technical Report - Number 16, Hunter College of the City University of New York, August 1970, (AD 711338). (U) 157 UNCLASSIFIED Approved For Release 2004/08/02 : CIA-RDP96-00787R000100120001-9 ~
Approved For Reiéase 2004198103 «Gia ROP96-00787F¥¥6100120001- sT-CS—01-169-72 July 1972 182. Weiss, W., Mass Communication, Technical Report Number 15, Hunter College of the City University of New York, July 1970, (AD 710773). (U): . 183. Goure, L., Recent Developments in Soviet Civil Defense 1969-1970, Center for Advanced International Studies, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida, May 1971, (AD 724150). (U) 184. Voennye Znaniia, Number 8, op. 14-15, August 1970. (v) 185. Red Star, 2 July 1970. (U) 186. Voennye Znaniia, Number 12, p. 14, December 1970. (U) 187. Voennye Znaniia, Number 2, p. 13, February 1970. (U) 188. Voennye Znaniia, Number 10, p. 13, October 1970. (U) 189, Voennye Znaniia,; Number 5, p. 15, May 1970. (U). 190, Voennye Znanita, Number 1, p. 15, January 1970. (U) 191. VYoennye gnaniia, Number 9, pp. 10-11, September 1970. (U) 192. Voennye Imaniia, Number 11, p. 24, November 1970. (U) 193. Demin, V., Hate for the Enemy - An Inseparable Aspect in the Patriotism of Soviet Soldiers, Kommunist Vooruzhennykh Sil, Number 13, July 1969, (JPRS 541, 28 August 1969). (U) 194. Kommunist Vooruzhennykh Sil, Number 9, October 1970, (IPRS 657, 13 November 1970). (U) 195. Goodman, L.S. and Gilman, A., The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 4th edition, The Macmillian Company, New York, p. 155, (1970). (U) 196. Aronovich, G.D., Farmakoterapeuticheskij spravochnik nervropatologa, Leningrad, 1959. - (U) 197. Guseynov, D.Ya., Main Psychotropic Substances, Azerbaydzhanskiy Meditsinskiy Zhurnal, Baker, Number 4, pp. 40-41, April 1971. (U) 198. Trapmann, H., Psycho-Warfare Agents — A Problem of Military Medicine, Wehrmedizinische Monatsschrift, German, Volume 14, Number 4, pp. 89-92, (J-8482). (WU) 158 UNCLASSIFIED Approved For Release 2004/08/02 : CIA-RDP96-00787R000100120001-9 y . ee a te EN ERE
«< i Approved For Reiase 2004/08/02 : CIAERRPb6-00787R000100120001-9° ST—CS-01-169-72 July 1972  §G1B 201. Komissarov, 1.V. and Talaloyenko, A.N., An Analysis of Receptive Structures Participating in the Behavior Reactions of Cats Induced by Catecholamines and Serotonin, Byulleten Eksper, i Biol. Medits., Volume 70, Number 9, pp. 42-45, 1970. (U) 202. Matveyev, V.F., Character of Reversibility of Changes in. the Brain of Experimental Animals Caused by Prolonged LSD Adminis— tration, Byulleten Eksper, Biol. Medits., Volume 71, Number 1, pp. 45-48, 1971. (U) 203. Kudrin, A.N., Search for Antagonists of Hashish and LSD, C.I.N.P. Congress, Prague, p. 256, 11-15 August 1970. (U) 204. Popova, E., Effect of LSD-25 on the Structure of Neurons and -Interneuronal Connections, C.1I.N.P. Congress, Prague, p- 348, 11-15 August 1970. (U) 205... Anokhina, I.P., LSD Effect on Neurotransmitter Systems of Brain, C.1I.N.P. Congress, Prague, p. 7, 11-15 August 1970. (U) i 207.. Kiyanskiy, D., Brain Research, Rabochaya gazeta, Number 290, p. 4, cols. 2-5, 15 December 1970. (U) . 209. McGeer, P.L., The Chemistry of the Mind, American Scientist, Volume 59, March-April 1971. (WU) 210. Luria, A.R., The Functional Organization of the Brain, Scientific American, Volume 222, Number 3, March 1970. (WU) 211. Berezin, F.B., Bolshakova, T.D., Bassalyk, L.S., and Lukicheva, T.1:, Metabolism of Biogenic Amines and its Changes in Hypothalamic Disorders Caused by Psychic Breakdown, Under the Influence of Psychotropic Substances, Sovremennyye psikhatropnyye sredstva, Number 2, 1967. (WU) 159 NO FOREIGN DISSEMINATION Kr (This page is UNCLASSIFIED) Approved For Release 2004/08/02 : CIA-RDP96-00787R000100120001-9
4 Approved For ®g#ease 2004/08/02 : CIA-RDP96-00787590001 00120001-9 SECRET S$T-CS-01-169-72 July 1972 212. Barkov, N.K. and Gurovich, 1.Ya., Experimental and Clinical Studies of the Effects of Trepthazine and Aminazine on Aggressiveness and Withdrawal, Sovremennyye psikhotropnyye sredstva, Number 2, 1970. (U) 213. Sokolov, S., What is. Neuropharmacology?, Frunze, Sovetskaya Kirgiziya, p. 4, 17 March 1970. (U) 214, Lapin, I.P., Controlling Group Behavior with Drugs, Nauki i Tekhnika, Number 7, pp. 12-15, 1968. (WU) SG1B 216. ‘Mikhalev, P.V. and Yatskov, L.P., Nervous and Psychic Disorders Resulting from Lesions by the Poisonous Gonionemous ‘Jellyfish of the Primorye, Zhurnal Neuropatologii i Psikhiatric, Volume 68, Number 3, pp. 436-440, 1968. (WU) ; ‘217. Fink, Z. and Kabes, J., Present Problems of Some Military Important Psychoactive Compounds, Vojenke Zdravotnicke Listy, Number 5, 1970. (U) SG1B 220. Honan, W.H., Playing "Chicken" Over the Mediterranean, Condensed from the New York Times Magazine, Readers! Digest, pp. 71-81, March 1971. ‘(U) °221. Bach L.M.N., Tulane Symposium on Flicker, New Orleans, Louisiana, 6 April 1957. (U) 222. . Naumov, P., On the Question of Wordless Transmission of Information, 24th All Union Scientific Session, Published, A.5S. Popov Scientific Technical Society, Moscow, 1968. (U) SG1B 224, Medvedeva, N.G., On the Problem of the Interaction Mechanisms of the Visual and Vestibular Analyzers, Medical Intelligence Office Translation Number 13, (no date available). (U) 160 NO FOREIGN DISSEMINATION - Approved For Release 2004/08/02 : CIA-RDP96-00787R000100120001-9 % x
Approved Fongslease 200408 NGL SHL Rb Pos-00787%6001 00120001 9 ST-CS-01-169-72 July 1972 225. Gorgiladze, G.I. and Smirnov, G.D., Elect rophysiological - Investigation of the Interaction of the Vestibular and Visual Afferent Systems, Medical Intelligence Office Translation Number 12, (no date available). (U) a 226. Frid, G.M., Influence of Orienting Reaction on Visual Evoked Potentials in EEG of School Age Children, Zhurnal Vysshey Nervnoy Deyald'nosti, Volume 20, Number 5, pp- 1016-1021, 1970. (U) 227. Daurova, F.K., A Study of Cortical Evoked Responses to Photic Stimulation, Ibid, Number 4, pp. 529-536, 1970. -(U) 228. Sokolov, E.N., Polyansky, V.B., and Bagdonas, A., Dynamics of the Single Unit Reactions in the Visual Cortex of the Unanesthetized Rabbit, Vision Research, Volume 10, Number 1, pp- 11-28, 1970. (U) 229. Danilov, I.V. and Kudryavtseva, N.N., Dynamics of Inter- central Relations in the Monkey Brain. During Prolonged Rhythmic ‘Photic Stimulation, Fiziologicheskiy Zhurnal SSSR, Leningrad, Number 8, pp. 1089-1098, 1971. ~ (U) 230. Valtsev, V.B. and Lalayan, A.A., On the Mechanism of Functional Reorganization of Different Links of the Visual -Analyzer in Conditions of Prolonged Photic Stimulation, Zh, Vys, Nervnoy, Deyatel nosti, Volume 19, Number 5, pp. 853-861, 1969.: (U) 231. Kudinova, M.P. and Myslobodskiy, M.S-, Some Characteristics of Sensory Afterdischarge of the Human Brain to Photic Stimulation, “Zh, Vys, Nervuoy, Deyatel nosti, Volume 20, Number 1, pp. 89-94, 1970. (U) a = 232. Kartsev, V.I., Effect of High Brightnesses on the Rate of Eye Adaptation to Darkness, Kosmicheskaya Biologiya i Meditsina, Volume 5, Number 4, pp. 47-49, 1971. (U) 233. Shostak, V.I., Certain Features of the Action of Short Term Superbright Light Flashes on a Background of Total Dark Adaptation, Izdatilstvo Nauka, Volume 15, p. 144-146, 1969. (U) 234, Khitun, V.A., Korzun, P.A., Shostak, V.I.; and Obukhova, E.A., Restoration of Visual Acuity After a Bright Light Flash of Short Duration, Ibid, pp. 142-143, 1969. (U) » 161 UNCLASSIFIED Approved For Release 2004/08/02 : CIA-RDP96-00787R000100120001-9
Approved Forgglease 2004/98/02 «Gia RP96-00787 M6001 00120001-9 ST-CS-01--169-72 July 1972 ~ 235. Shostak, V.I. and Obukhova, E.A., Effect of Intensity . ' of the Desadapting Photic Stimulation of Restoring the Light of the Visual Center in Humans, Fiziologicheskiy Zhurnal SSSR, Volume 56, Number 4, pp. 558- 562, 1970. (WU) 236. -Davydov, V.V., Psychophysiological Features of the Perception of Instrument Information by the Pilot After Diverting His Attention to Features Outside the Cockpit, Voenno Meditsinskiy Zhurnal, pp. 50-53, November 1970.  (U) 237. Amirov, N.Kh., Zubairova, G.0., Mendelevich, D.M., and KRalpina, G.A., EEG Changes in Persons Working Under Low-Intensity Red Light and in Complete Darkness, Gigiyena Truda i Professionaln Zabolevaniya, Number 1, pp. 13-16, 1971 (JPRS 53509, 1 July (1971). tu) 238. .Kamchatnov, V.P. and Kalpina, G.A., , Physiological and Hygienic Evaluation of Working Conditions of Persons Who Work in .Low-Intensity Light, Ibid, Number 9, pp. 16-19, September 1970, (JPRS 52753, 30 March 1971). (Uv) 239. Kozhevnikov, Ye.P., Human Work Capacity During Adaptation to a Bright Light Source of Varying Spectral Composition, Ibid, pp. 12-16, September 1970. (U) 240. Ibid, The Effect of Colored Illumination on Delayed Reactions in Lower Monkeys, Doklady Akademii Nauka SSSR, Volume 189, Number 4, pp. 917-919, 1969. . (U) 241. Folb, R.L. and Voronii:., S.V., Light..and Color Thresholds of Lights on a Background of Different Brightness, Izdatilstvo Nauka, Volume 15, pp. 49-53, 1969. (WU) 242, Lobariova, N.V., Possible Forms of Color Vision, Ibid, pp. 39-42, 1969. (U) 243. Makashova, E.V., Condition of Peripheral Field of Color Vision in Healthy Persons of Different Age Croups, Vestn Oftalmol, Volume 5, pp. 55-57, 1969. (U) - 244, Makarov, P.O., Microinterval Analysis of the Development of Visual Perceptions, Tzdatelstvo Nanka, Volume 15, pp. 57-60, 1969. (U) 162 UNCLASSIFIED Approved For Release 2004/08/02 : CIA-RDP96-00787R000100120001-9
. a ; at Approved For @glease 2004/08/02 ‘GLASSIPSE) 078726001 00120001-9 ST-CS-01-169~-72 July 1972 245. Kalning, S.A., Effect of Amino Glycolates and Acetates on the Discrimination of Rhythms of Light Flashes by Rabbit Retinas, Farmakol Toksikol, Volume 33, Number 2, pp. 173-178, 1970. (U) SG1B 247. Michael, R.P., Keverne, E.B., and Bonsall, R.W., Pheromones: Isolation of Male Sex Attractants from a Female Primate, Science, Volume 172, Number 3986, 28 May 1971. (WU) 248. Comfort, A., Communication May Be Odorous, New Scientist and Science Journal, UK, 25 February 1971.. (u) 249. Beroza, M., Insect Sex Attractants, American Scientist, Volume 59, May-June 1971. (U)_ 250. Beets, M.G.J., Odour Similarity Between Structurally Unrelated _ Odorants, Paper presented at the Ciba Foundation Symposium on | Mechanisms: of Taste and Smell in Vertebrates, London, 23-25 September 1969, (International Flavors and Fragrances, Hilversum, The Nether- lands)... (U) . SG1B 252. Klimenko, A. I., Live Radio Electronics, Moscow, Znaniye Publishing House, 128 pp.,. 1968. “(W) 253. Portnyegina, V.A., Stolyarenko, L.G., Vasilyeva, Ye.V. and Nedopekin, T.K., 1,3, Dimercaptopropyl, 2, thiopyrimidines, Akademiya Nauka Atviyskoy, Number 5, pp. 605-610, 1970. (U) 254. Belkov, A.N., Action of Small Concentrations of Carbon Tetrachloride on the Human Body, Tr. Tsent. Ins. Usoversh Vrachei, Volume 135, pp. 90-96, 1969. (WU) 255, Gasanov, SL. M., "The Zone of Health" - A New Type of Medical Establishment for Large-Scale Improvement of Public Health, Azerbaydzhanskiy Meditsinskiy Zhurnal, Baker, } Number 4, pp. 43-48, - April 1970. (U) 256. Krivitskaya, G.N., Effect of Intense Noise on the Brain; Experimental Research, Akademiya Meditsinskikh Nauka SSR, “157 PP-; . 1964. (B) 163 -TEICLASSIFIED Approved For Release 2004/08/02 : CIA-RDP96-00787R000100120001-9
Approved For ‘ealease 2004/9R/0.2cccHAFpP96-00787N000100120001-9 ST-CS-01-169-72 July 1972 _SG1B 258: Gavreau, V., Condat, R., and Saul, H., Infrasound: Generators, © Detectors, Physical Properties, Biological Effects, Acustica, Volume 18, Number 1, pp. 1-10, 1966. (VU) 259. Mohr, G.C., et.al., Effects of Low Frequency and. Infrasonic Noise on Man, AD‘627420. (U) 260. Wever, E.G. and Bray, C.W., The Perception of Low Tones and the Resonance Volley Theory, J. Psych., Volume 3, Number 101, 1936. (U)” 261. Dunn, F., UHF Acoustic Attenuation and Research in Biological Accoustics, AD 674519. (U) 262. De Telegraaf, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 15 June 1967. (U) 263. Koratkin, I.I., Pleshkova, T.V., and Suslova, M.M., Change In Auditory Thresholds as a Result of Suggestion During Hypnosis, Moscow, Zh. Vysshey Nervnoy Deyatelnosti, Number 1, January 1968. © (U) 264, Rudenko, L.P., Canine Death Caused by Strong Acoustic Stimulation, Ibid, Volume 15, Number 1, 1965. (WU) 265, Alekseyev, S.V. and Suvarov, G.A., Substantiation of Procedures for Studying Higher Nervous Activity Under the actior of Noise, Giyiyyna truda i professtonal'nyye zabolevaniya, Number 5, pp. 35-39, 1967. (WU) 266.  Strakhov, A.B., Some Problems of Action of Noise on the. Organism, paper presented at the Conference of Problems of Space Medicine, Moscow, 1966. (U) 267, Ibid, Dynamics of Cortical Electrical Responses to Photic Stimulation Undar the Inflvence of Noise, Zh. Vysshey Nervnog Deyatel'nosti, Volume 18, Number 5, pp. 873-879, 1968, (U) 268. Korzh, N.N., Soholov, Ye.N., and Cole, M.L., Mechanisms of Number ?, pp. 126-131, 1969. (U) 269. Doroshenko, V.A., Muranyev, V.I., and Pudovkin, A.I., Changes in the Amplitude of the Main EEG Rhythms in Man in Response to Acoustic Stimulation, Zh Biologiya, Number 9, September 1969.  (U) 164 Approved For Release 2004/08/02) SCIA-RDP 96-00787R000100120001-9
Approved For¥adlease 2004/08/04 NELASDP Helbo787R000100120001-9 ST-CS-01-169-72 July 1972 270. Vogel, H.H., The Applicability of Acoustic Energy as a Battlefield Weapon, AD: 451239... (U) > 271. Terentyev, V.G., Sheludyakov, Ye.Ye., and Sviridova, Ye.S., The Reaction of the Human Nervous and Cardiovascular Systems to the Influence of Aviation Noise, Military Medical Journal, - pp. 55-58, June 1969. (ACSI translation J-6902.) (WU) 272. Mikhaylova, L.V. and Byshevskiy, Possible Mechanism Governing Inhibition of the Physiological Anticoagulation System in a Long-Term Effect of Sound, Byull Eksp. Biologii i Meditsiny , Volume 69, Number 2, pp. 28-32, 1970. (U) 273. -Maydanova, N.V., Rat Liver Transketolase and Erythrocytes Activity Under the Effect of Sound, Ibid, pp. 47-49, 1970. (U) 274. Yuganov, Ye.M., Krylov, Yu.V., and Kuznetsov, V.S., Standardi- zation of Admissible Limits for High Intensity Noise, Kosmichiskaya Biologiya i Meditsina, Moscow, Volume 4, Number 1, January-February 1970. (U) . 275. Melkumova, A.S. and Koroleva, V.A., Effect of Combined Ultrasound and High Frequency. Noise on the ‘Central Nervous System, (JPRS 36613 21 July.1966). (U) 276. Yefimov, N.A. and Lukyanov, V.S., Effect of Ultrasound on the Organism (Clinical Observations), (JPRS 36613, 21 July 1966)... (U) , 277. Gorshkov, S.I., Gorbunov, 0.N., and Antropov, G.A., Biological Effects of Ultrasound, Moskova, 1965 (JPRS 36924,.10 August 1966). (U) 278. Klupp, H., Vyslonzil, E., and Wachtinger, B., Arch. Phys. Ther. (Leipzig), Volume 4, p. 44, 1952. (U) 279. Wood, K. and Loomis, A., Physical Rev., Volume 29, p. 379, 1927. (U) 280. Ovanov, A.N., in the book Collection of Works of the Clinic of Diseases a the Ear, Nose and Throat, Tbilisi Medical Institute, Tbilisi, Number ‘I, p. 113, 1957. @) 281. Goldstein, N. and Sinskey, A.J., Health Hazards from Ultrasonic Energy, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, PB 185963. (U) 165 USCLASSIFIED Approved For Release 2004/08/02 : CIA-RDP96-00787R000100120001-9
SG1B Approved ForWdlease 2004/08/02 : CIA-RDP96-00787R000100120001-9-- -—-—-———..-—. UNCLASSIFIED _ $T=CS-01-169-72 July 1972 282,  Zubek, J.P., Behavioral and EKG Changes During and After 14 Days of Perceptual Deprivation and Confinement, Readings. in General Psychology: Canadian Contributions, McCelland and Stewart, Toronto, 1970. (U) 283. Brownfield, C.A., Isolation: Clinical and Experimental Approaches, Random House, New York, 1965. (WU) 284, Hinkle, L.E., The Physiological State of. the Interrogation Subject as it Affects Brain Function. In A.D. Biderman and H, Zimmer (Eds), The Manipulation of Human Behavior, Wiley, New York, 1961. (U) — 285. Kosmolinskiy, F.P. and Schiubina, Z.D., Sensory Deprivation in Space Flight, MIO translation Number 21. -(U) 286. Galkin, V.S., Arch, Biol. Nauka, Volume 32, Number 2, 1932. (U) 287.. Heron, W., Science, Volume 196, Number 1, pp. 52-56, 1957. (U) 288. Cunningham, G., Journal of British Interplanetary Society, Volume 17, Number 9, pp. 311-313, 1960. (JU) 289. Kuznetsov, O.N. and Lebedev, V.il., Zhurn. Neuropatol i Psikhiat, Volume 65, Number. 3, pp. 59-64, 1965. (U) 290. Gorbov, F.D., Myasnikov, V.I., and Yazdovskiy, V.I., Zhurn. Vyssh. Nervn. deyat., Volume 13, Number 4, pp. 585-592, 1963. (WU) 293. Davis, J.B., Review of Scientific Information on the Effects of Ionized Air on Human Beings, Aerospace Medicine, Volume 34, pp. 35-42, 1963. (U) 294, Hirsch, F.G., McGiboney, D.R., and Narnish, T.D., The Psychologic Consequences of Exoosure to High Density. Pulsed Electromagnetic Enersy, International Journal of Biometeorology, Volume 12, Number 3, pp. 263-270, 1968. (U) 295. Kolodov, Yu.A., Effect of Electromagnetic and Magnetic Fields on the Central Nervous System, Moscow, 1966, (NASA TT F~465). (WU) Approved For Release 2004/08/02°°CIA-RDP96-00787R000100120001-9 UNCL ACCT oIoT =!
. F vw Approved. For®élease 2004/08/08 foRtEsd.00787R0001 00120001-9 ST~CS-01-169-72 July 1972 — 296. Biological Effects of Electromagnetic Fields (Below Visible Frequencies) Especially in the Central Nervous System, University . of California at Los Angeles, School of Medicine and Biomedical Library, 1964-1970. = (U) 297. Kolodov, Yu.A., The Effect of an Electromagnetic Field on the Central Nervous System, Priroda, Number 4, April 1960, (JPRS 14447, 12 July 1962). (Uv) SG1 299. Dull! dier, A.N., Effect of Infrared Radiation on the Morbidity of Workers in Hot Shops, Vrach Delo, Volume 2, pp. 98-100, 1969. (U) 300... Biological Effects of Magnetic Fields, “Wyshka, Number. 24, p-. 3, cols 2-3, 29 January 1971. (WU) 301. Portnov, F., Meditsinskaya Gazeta, Number 2, p. 3, cols. 1-5, 5 January 1972. (U) SG1B 304. Kwiatkowska, J., Pieromones and the Problem of Communication in the Animal Kingdon,. Postepy Hig. Med. Dosev., Volume 23, Number 4, 1969. (U) 305. -Malicki, J., Attractants: The Agents Attracting Insects, Postepy Nauk Roln, Volume 17, Number 3, pp. 69-75, 1970. (VU) 306. Funnikova, $.V. and Krivova, M.I., Attractant Properties of Lysine and Alanine for Aedes Mosquitoes, Uch. Zap. Kazan. Vet. Inst., Volume 102, pp. 333-335, 1969. (U) ‘307. Shamshurin, A.P., Kovalev, B.G., and Donya, A.P., New Synthesis of Trans, 1, Acetoxy, 10, Propyl, 5, 9, Tridecadiene, Propylure, Sex Attractant of Pect inophora Gossypiella, Dokl. Akad. Nauk. SSSR, Volume 190, Number 6, pp. 1362-1364, 1970. “(U): 308. Burtsev, A.L. and Gladilin, K.L., Attractant, Priroda, Moscow, Volume 3, p. 114, 1970. (U) 167 (Reverse Blank) Approved For Release 2004/08/024:GiASRDPBeLb0787R000100120001-9
-SG1B SG1B UNCLASSIFIED = L Approved Fotwelease 2004/08/02 : CIA-RDP96- 00787R000100120001 -9 spsnpae uo ee eas Sia inate nino cee! SRAES-O1-169-72 | July 1972 . NON-CITED BIBLIOGRAPHY PART I SECTION IIT -.1.. Pearce, R.M., The Insurgent Environment, ARPA, RM. 5533, The Rand Corporation, California, May 1969. (U) 2. The Institute of Contemporary Russian Studies, Medical Reports, Volume 6, Number 1, Fordham University, January-March 1964. (WU) ‘PART II 2. Lombroso, Gey Researches on Hypnotic and Spiritualistic Phenomena, Truin, Italy, 1909. (U) 3. Dingwall, E.J., Very Peculiar People, London, 1950. (U) 4, Bramwell, J.M., Hypnotism, London, 1903. (U) 5. Wallace, A.R., Miracles and Modern Spiritualism, London, 1875. (U) 6. Aksakof, A. (ex-prime minister of Russia) , A Case of Partial ene erected Banner of Light Publishing oF ; i898. “U) 7. Crawford, N.J., The. The Psychic Structures _at_the Goligher Circle, New York, E.P. Dutton and Co., 1921. )21. CY 8. Ibid, Experiments in psychical Science, New York, E. P. Dulton and Co., 1919. (U) 9. . Doyle, A.C., The Edge of the Unknown, New York, G.P. Putnam's Sons, 1930. (U) 10. Leek, S., Guide to Telepathy, New York, The Macmillian Co. (U) PO 12. Kazhinskiy, B.B., Biological Radio Communication, Publishing House of the Academy of Sciences, Ukrainain SSR, 169 pp. 1962. . (U) 169 UNCLASSIFIED Approved For Release 2004/08/02 : CIA-RDP96-00787R000100120001-9
- §G1B | SG1B Approved FoPlease 2004 /NedoS EiNEBDP96-00787R000100120001-9 ST-CS-01-169-72 July 1972 15. Telepathy Research Irud, Moscow, p. 4, 27 December 1966. (U) 16. Kogan, I.M., New Telepathy Research Section, Znaniya sila, Number 1, p. 51, 1966, (U) 17. Kogan, I.M., Is Telepathy Possible?, Radiotekhnika, Volume 21, Number 1, pp. 8-14, 1966. (v) | | 18. Psychologists Experiment in Mental Telepathy, Moscow, Tass International Service, 9 October 1966. (Uv) 19, Parapsychology Laboratory, Komsomolskaya pravda, p. 4, 9 October - 1966. (U) _ 20. Thought Transference or Telepathy, Moscow News, Number 13, p. 11, 1967. (U) 21. The Voice of the Brain, Rabochaya gazeta, 8 January 1967. (Uv) (22,  FBIS Report Number 188, 27 September 1967. (FOUO) 23. Kogan, I.M., Informational Analysis of Experiments in Telepathic Communication, Radiotekhnika, Volume 23, Number 3, pp. 87-92, 1968, (U) .- 24, Presman, A.S., Parapsychological Investigations, Izd-vo Nauka, pp. 238-242, 1968, (u) 25. Akhlibininskii, B.V., Psychocybernetics and Parapsychology, Lenizdat, Leningrad, 144 pp. 1966, (U) 26. FBIS Report Number 56, 21 March 1963, - CFOUO) 27. Soviets Serious About Telepathy, Columbus Dispatch, 6 May 1962. (U) 28. Faddeyev, Ye.T., What is this Yelepathy?, Nauka i Zhizn, Number 6, pp. 60-63, 1961. (U) 29. Telepathy, Tekhnika molodezhi, Number 1, pp. 28-32, 1961. (U) 170 UNCLASSIFIED Approved For Release 2004/08/02 : CIA-RDP96-00787R000100120001-9
SECRET S Approved Formélease 2004/08/02 : CIA-RDP96-00787R000100120001-9 ST-CS-01-169-72 July 1972 32. Leontyev, A.N., Is Parapsychology a Science? Moscow, Priroda, Number 1, p. 122, 1970. (UU) 33. Dobronrovov, S.N., Ivanova, N., and Zakharov, N.V., Detection of Photosensitivity of the Skin by Forming Conditional Defense Reflexes to Light Stimuli, RZN-Biologiya, Number 9, September 1969. (WU) 34. Sergeyev, G.A., Romanenko, A.F., and Guryev, A.V., Filtration of Random Processes, Radiatekhnika, Volume 19, Number 1, pp. 63-70, 1964. (WU) 35. Sergeyev, G.A. and Romanenko, A.F., Evaluating the Error in Determining the Correlation Interval, Radiotekhnika, Volume 9, Number 4, pp... 741-743, 1964. (U) 36. Sergeyev, G.A., Sukhodolskiy, G.V., and Bodlozerov, V.M., Investigation of the Statistical Characteristics of a Human Operator for the Case of Nonstationary Input Signals, Izd-vo Nauka, p. 185, 1965. (U) 37. Sergeyev, G.A. and Romanenko, A.F., Hybrid Computer for Statistical Data Processing, MIO Number Ten, ST~CS-01-169-72, (no date). (U) . ~ 38. Sergeyev, G.A., Experimental Investigation of Self-Adjustment _ Functions of the Human Operator, Moscow, Izd-vo Nauka, pp. 222-232, 1966. (U) . —— . 39, Sergeyev, G.A., Paviova, L.P., and Prodan, V.T., Frequency Characteristics of Electroencephalograms of the Active Human Brain, Problems of Neurocybernetics, Rostov-on-Don, 1967. (U) 40.° Sergeyev, G.A., Romanenko, A.F., and Pavlova, L.P., Statistical Methods for Studying Reliability Mechanisms of the Human Brain, Veprosy Bioniki, 1967. (WU) 41. Sergeyev, G.A. and Romanenko, A.F., Operative Methods for Monitoring the Efficiency of an Operator in a - Man and Automation -— System, Voprosy Bioniki, 1967. (U) 42. Sergeyev, G.A. and Romanenko, A.F., Use of Stochastic Simulation Concepts in Studies of the Reliability of the Human Operator, Problems of Engineering Psychology, Moscow, pp. 180-190, 1967. (U) 171 SECIET (This page is UNCLASSEFIED) Approved For Release 2004/08/02 : CIA-RDP96-00787R000100120001-9
- ‘ed Approved ForWdélease 2004/08/02 : CIA-RDP96-00787R000100120001-9 UNCLASSIFIED | . : ST-CS-01-169-72 July 1972 PART IV SECTION IT Lustig, B., Therapeutic Methods in Soviet Psychiatry, I.C.R.5S. Medical. Reports, Fordham University, Number 3, 1963. (U) PART VI - ‘SECTION I 1... Orlansky, J., The Use of Flashing Light to Perturb Human Behavior, Institute for Defense Analysis, Research and Engineering Support Division, Research paper, p. 172, March 1965. (WU) 2... Churchill, A.V. An Annotated Bibliography of Reports 1951- - 1970, Human Factors Wing, Defense Research Establishment Toronto,~. Downsview, Ontario, DRET Report Number 769, September 1970. (U) 3. Dahlke, A.E., Palmer, J.D., and Page, M.M., A Study of the Effects of Visual Flicker and Auditory Flutter on Human Performance, University of Oklahoma Research Institute, Norman, Oklahoma, AF-08(635)-5257, February 1967. (U) , 4. Christner, C.A., Austen, B.G., Cress, R.J., Hassfurther, M.E., McFarland, R.R., and Roppel, R.M., State-of-the-Art Study of the Pulsed-Light Phenomenon, Remote Area Conflict Information Center, Battelle Memorial Institute, Columbus, Ohio, Report Number, BAT-171-6, 4 December 1964. (U) a 5. Alexander, H.S. and Chiles, W.D., Prolonged Intermittent .Photic Stimulation, U.S. Armed Forces Medical Journal, Volume 2, pp. 1156-1161, 1960. (U)~ . PART VIII 1. Barrett, A.M., Personality Characteristics Under the Stress of High Intensity Sound, Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, 1950, Penn State College, State College, Pennsylvania. (Uv) 2. Broadbent, D.E., Effects of Noise in Behavior, Handbook of Noise Control, Harris (Ed.), Chapter 10, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1957. (U) 3. Plutchik, R., The Effects of High Intensity Intermittent Sound on Performance, Feeling, and Physiology, Psychol. Bull., Volume 56, pp. 133-151, 1959. (U) 173 Approved For Release 2004/08/10 2 -.GIA-RRE96300787R0001 00120001-9 PRCEACCTETED
k my nd Securit Classification . = ; =, ; _ ns ne = ewe Approved For aSOQANOAIOBIOBN THOLRDPPS-0R78 GROO01001 (Security classification of title, body of abstract and indexing annotation must be entered when the overall report ly classifiod 1. ORIGINATING ACTIVITY (Corporate author) 2a. REPORT SECURITY CLASSIFICATION Medical Scientific and Technical Branch SECRET/NFD/CD/NDA Medical Intelligence Office 2h, CROUP j Office of The Surgeon General, Department of the Army [Classified by Chief. MIO. oOTSC go. REPORT, TITLE EXEMPT FROM GENERAL DECLASSIFICATION ‘ i: _ SCHEDULE OF EXECUTIVE ORDER 11652 1 «Controlled Offensive Behavior - USSR (U) EXEMPTION CATEGORY 3 DECLASSIFY_ON 31 DECEMBER 1990 i Er ON 31 DECEMBE 4. DESCRIPTIVE NOTES (Type of report and inclusive dates) fF “Trend Study 1874-1987 $ AUTHORS) (Firat name, middie initial, iaat namo) John D. LaMothe J7a. TOTAL NO. OF PAGES “rb NO. OF REFS 177 08 Ba. CONTRACT OR GRANT NO. 9a, ORIGINATOR’S REPORT NUMBERIS) & PROJECT NO. ST-CS-01-169-72 . A Gee ; 9b. OTHER REPORT NO(S) (Any other numbers that may be asalgaed yo : : . thia report) : @ DIA Task No. T72-01-14 _ aS SE SRO ne ak eel Se (10. DISTRIGUTION STATEMENT § 11. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES | 12. SPONSORING MILITARY ACTIVITY Defense Intelligence Agency Washington, DC 20301 Pig, ABSTRACT i AS/NSeD) Controlled offensive behavior as defined within the scope of this report ~ineludes Soviet research on human vulnerability as it applies to methods of influencing or altering human behavior. Emphasis in this report is placed on influencing individuals as opposed to groups. The use of parapsychological phenomena, light, color, sound, pheromones, and biochemicals are included and discussed as it is applicable to altering human behavior. | (S/NFD) This report is a trend study and, therefore, contains statements pre- -dicting Soviet knowledge and capabilities for influencing human behavior for the period up to + 15 years. SAP DUTa. SURAT TN GLGRV I ater ~o&ppreved. For -Release.2004/08/02 +-GIA-RDP96-00787R000 10 0120 9 erry mee re * SRS FS SL ACES Oo Wes tesa, LTOR : : : YJAM Gf, teste IS NO POREICS UTSSErilaA GLGhEV PLR Beit Gad. cane! bose stare € ed : 175 re
— “ssShaty Glessnisnes 7 . a ed oon ans pias | _ Approved Fer Re ise 2004/08 02: : A-ROP SP OTS Rpee pote Apport Astral. Projection Biocommunication “Biogenic. Amine: Electromagnetic-Effect. ESP Human Hypnopedia Hypnosis © Light Perception ; “Mind Manipulation Odor Offensive Behavior Parapsychology Pheromone Photic-Flicker Propaganda Psychiatry. Psychokinesis Psychological Warfare Psychology Psycho-Optics Psychopharmaceutical. Sensory Deprivation sound Pereeption | SERENE ETT SOT Severe pe ap anencinetes + Subliminal Perception USSR | ~ Approved For Release 2004/08/02 : CIA-REPP96-00 rs7R0q0100140001-9 ivan a eemnewrmearentocane: momwsmeotaks SLRS AN NTRS RT UN MM ETE TT: Valen ae ne “NO. “FORELGN’ D DESSuMINATION ~“, e 176 Cre
Approved For €tflease 2004/da ie NA bE Ra>96-00787R000100120001-9 ~ee, ST-CS—01-169-72 ¢ July 1972 DISTRIBUTION LIST DIRECT DISTRIBUTION OTSG DASG-ZA - C539 SAFEGD SYS EV AGCY DASG-DSZ-A i C545 CMBT DEVLP COMD _ DASG-VSZ-A : C591 FSTC (3) DASG-DD C593 INFANTRY CTR DASG-PS — C599 BROOKE. MED CTR DASG-PSC C601 WALT REED MED CTR DASG-HE - , C620 USASRD | DASG-MI (20) . C632 CHEM CTR & SCH SGRD (10) | , C661 CDC MED SVC AGCY ‘AFEB . oo C667 CDC SPCL OPS AGCY (2) AFIP C674 INST MIL ASSIST , C763 OACSI-S&T DIV oO C764 OACSI-SC ADV ARMY oO C768 OACSI-USAITAD USAARL US AEHA “USAMEDDVS’ ACSC-E C001. SA . C013. ASST SEC R&D C030 CH R/D * C072. CDC CONFOR :GP C202 III CORPS — C242 THIRD US ARMY C243. FIFTH US ARMY C305 18TH ABN CORPS C457 CIVIL AFFAIRS SCH C463 INTELLIGENCE. SCH C464 MED FLD SVC SCH C465 US MIL ACADEMY (TOTAL 72) 177 LCLASSIFIED Approved For Release 2004/08/02 : CIA-RDP96-00787R000100120001-9
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