k:*kim*r*'rT«&^w.,.^^7+x 
pppytMP  jiff  mi  ujpj»ij»ip) 
Communications  eaves- 
dropping by   both   sides 
during  World  War  II  caused 
Air  Force   leaders   to   recog- 
nize a  need   for  an  effec- 
tive communications  security 
system.     In   May    1948   the 
first  organizational  step 
in   this  direction   was   taken 
when   the  Air  Force  Security 
Group  was  informally  estab- 
lished.    When  officially 
formed   July    1,    1948,   the 
unit  consisted  of  eleven 
officers  and  some  enlisted 
clerical   personnel  on   loan 
from  the   Army   Security 
Agency. 
As   the   need   to   move 
more   fully   into   communi- 
cations security  grew,  so 
did   the  Security  Group. 
Then  in  recognition  of  the 
expanded  role  of  communi- 
cations security,  the  Air 
Force   Security  Service  was 
established  at  Arlington 
Hall   Station,   Va„   in   October 
1948.     From   this   time   on,   the 
new   command   assumed   the 
responsibility   of   providing 
communications  security   for 
the   relativeiy   new   Air  Force. 
Initially,  Security   Service 
was  authorized   34  officers, 
six  airmen  and   116  civilians. 
The   command   received   its 
first  subordinate   units   in 
February    1949   when   three 
mobile   radio   sguadrons  and 
one   radio  security  detach- 
ment were   transferred   from 
the  Army.     One   of   the   radio 
sguadrons  was   located   in 
Japan,   another   in  Germany, 
and   the   third   was  at   Arling- 
ton Hall  Station  and  moved 
to  Brooks  AFB,   Texas,   in 
late  February    1949.      The 
radio  security   detachment 
was   located  at  Fort   Slocum, 
N.Y. 
In  April   1949,   the   first 
echelon  of  headguartsrs 
ESC  traces  its  history  back  to  1948. 
Security   Service   and   the 
Fort   Slocum  detachment 
moved   to   Brooks   AFB,    Texas. 
USAF    Security   Service   moved 
across   town   to   i to   present 
location   at  Keliy   AFB   in 
August    1953.      At   the    time 
of   its   final   move,   the   com- 
mand had  grown   to  several 
thousand  assigned   personnel. 
During   the   Vietnam  Con- 
flict  the  command  was 
assigned   the   permanent 
responsibility   for   evaluating 
all   Air  Force  electronic 
warfare  activities.     As   the 
war   in   Vietnam   drew   to   an 
end,   the   command   assumed 
responsibility   in   a  new   arena. 
Increased  emphasis   was   being 
placed  on   the  effects  of 
electronic  warfare,  and   the 
command  was  assigned  a   major 
role   in  developing   strate- 
gies and  new   technology   as 
we!!   as  supporting   testing 
and   training  in   this  area. 
As  a  result  of   its  broader 
electronic  warfare   responsi- 
bilities, Security   Service 
was  redesignated   the   Elec- 
tronic  Security   Command   on 
August   1,   1979.      Ti   lay,   the 
Electronic  Security   Command 
has  added  to  its  other  respon- 
sibilities a   major   role    in 
helping   to   develop   ways   to 
deceive,  jam,  confuse,  and 
destroy   opposing   command, 
control     and  communications 
systems.     At   the  same   time 
ESC's  defensive   role  is  to 
assure   that   the   enemy   cannot 
do   this   to  friendly   forces. 
-— ■■.Vji-yt-rf:3:^.. 
^sSS&vft,*
■iwjw'IWIWW'' 
Headquarters  ESC  has  an 
all-source   intelligence 
function  and  provides  elec- 
tronic combat  (EC)  support; 
operations  security  (OP5EC); 
communications  and  computer 
systems  security;  and  com- 
munications support  to  Air 
Force  units  and  unified  and 
specified  commands.     This 
support   is  not  only  provided 
for  exercises,  but  also  for 
contingencies  and  real-world 
events. 
ESC  units  provide  rapid 
radio  relay;  command,  con- 
trol, and  communications 
countermeasures  (C-^CM)  sup- 
port; and  communications  and 
computer  systems  security 
support  to  U.S.  and  allied 
forces  worldwide. 
The  command  plays  an 
important  role   in  developing 
Air  Force  electronic  warfare 
(EW)  and  C3CM  capabilities, 
techniques  and  systems.  By 
providing  C3CM  training  to 
operational  support  elements 
during  exercises,  the   com- 
mand helps  prepare   the  Air 
Force  team  for  combat  opera- 
tions in  a  hostile  electro- 
magnetic environment.  To 
help  the  tactical  commander 
satisfy  the  C3CM  require- 
ments, headquarters  ESC 
develops,  maintains,  updates 
and  disseminates  the  C-'CM 
support  data  base  and  an 
all-source  intelligence  data 
base.     The  command  also 
advises  combat  commanders 
of   their  EC   options. 
ESC   is  made  up  of  two 
centers,  four  divisions,   two 
wings,   ten   groups,   28 
squadrons,  and  many  detach- 
ments and  operating   loca- 
tions. Three  of  the  divi- 
sions and  three  of  the 
groups  also  serve  as  major 
command   liaisons.  Additional 
support   is  provided  by 
mobile   units  and  Air  Force 
reservists. 
Closely  supporting 
efforts  of  ESC  field  units 
are  the  Air  Force  Elec- 
tronic Warfare  Center 
(AFEWC)  and  the  Air  Force 
Cryptologic  Support  Center 
(AFCSC).     Although  subor- 
dinate  to  the  command,  both 
are  primary  managers  of  Air 
Force-wide  programs.  The 
AFEWC  is  a  primary  source 
of  EW  and  C3CM  analysis. 
Its  members  provide  senior 
battle  commanders  with  ana- 
lytical reports  on  major 
exercises  on  EW  systems* 
effectiveness.     They  assist 
strategic  and  tactical  com- 
manders  in  making  combat 
decisions  and  perform  ana- 
lysis to  support  planning, 
developing,  testing  and 
using  EW  equipment. 
The  AFCSC  is  responsible 
for  the  Air  Force's  Com- 
munications and  Computer 
Systems  Security  Program, 
composed  of  communications 
security,  emanations  secu- 
rity (TEMPEST)  and  computer 
security.  AFCSC  also  provides 
analytical  and  engineering 
services  in  support  of  these 
programs  to  Air  Force  acti- 
vities  worldwide.      The 
center  also  manages  and 
accounts  for  cryptographic 
devices,  codes,  call  signs, 
and  documents   that  protect 
Air  Force  communications 
and  computer  systems;  per- 
forms depot-level  mainte- 
nance and   life-cycle  support 
for  cryptologic  equipment 
and  systems;  and  develops 
and  distributes  multimedia 
educational  materials  to  all 
Air  Force  organizations. 
Another  program  is  the 
operations  security  mission. 
Early   in  1982,  Headquarters 
Air  Force  assigned  ESC  the 
responsibility   for  support- 
ing operations  security 
programs  of  all  major  com- 
mands and  strengthening  the 
operations  security  educa- 
tion program  for  the  entire 
Air  Force. 
ESC's  mobile  units 
deploy  to  support  major 
exercises  such  as  Team 
Spirit,  Bright  Star,  Cold 
Fire,  Red  Flag,  Central 
Enterprise,  Brim  Frost, 
Green  Flag  and  many  others. 
During  the^-  exercises,  ESC 
provides  a  hostile  elec- 
tronic warfare  environment 
similar  to  what  U.S.   forces 
would  encounter   in  actual 
combat.     ESC's  activities 
include  electronic  disrup-
^■^ftsy**^^*^"1 
-   
>..wr    iJi 
tion   techniques   through   the 
use  of  mobile  and  self- 
contained  jamming  and  decep- 
tion vans. 
In  addition,  the  command 
provides  support  to  the 
multi-service   Joint  Elec- 
tronic Warfare  Center 
'JEWC),  which   is  collocated 
with  Headquarters  ESC.  ESC's 
commander   is  also  the   JEWC's 
director. 
* 
■i. 
%- 
v#l| 
**.«•• 
7' 
P; 
»/ 
r  -  *  - 
*SSr:t 
i  «»I»'H
►„*v„it,.:  -k."«>,iii*>atl*k!i»j HtfWfiiin  mitMi\ ■hihtDtkyJr-'^jji,  tfr^--uw*i>nMV.Q-; 
fffl       B9 
More   than   13,000  people  are  assigned   to  Elec- 
tronic Security  Command.     Enlisted  people  make   up 
90  percent  of  the  command,  which  has  the  highest 
percentage  of  women  specialists  in  the   Air  Force. 
'.:■■<;'■■':■■■  ./%> 
i 
"  v:^i*|3 
*  ■'■'''■vfi 
*"-  ,
Lnm  dhiillBrt    ii   ttiiHiy 
Ul  liJ.|ll4JJ|W!^||^)PlillUJ,'U^i|^l^p»  -UiMJlltl|i..,i  ui  !■■ .  t^ijtw 
3  electronic
:'.*   .>i:-C^-  *•-«<•>- 
■  l,i  ■  i,i^|jtwqf^w|*yjtt^wttjyi^yyWjW^|.J,i,jAW^ui  p»-^ 
ifwfuww*' 
One  
major   aspect   of  ESC's 
mission    is   providing 
suoport   to  ether  Air  Force 
commands  and  sister  ser- 
vices. 
ESC  officers  provide 
support  to  U.S.  Air  Force 
tactical  and  strategic  com- 
manders.    These  officers 
are  stationed  at  the  head- 
quarters of  Strategic  Air 
Command,  Tactical  Air  Com- 
mand, Space  Command,  United 
States  Air  Forces   in  Europe, 
Alaskan  Air  Command,  Mili- 
tary Airlift  Command  and 
Pacific  Air  Forces.     They 
are   integrated   into  the 
commands  they  support  and 
assist  in  daily  operations 
and  planning. 
The  command  is  an   impor- 
tant part  of  the  U.S.  system 
that  provides  electronic 
security  for  the  U.S.  and 
allied  military  operations 
worldwide.     Combat  elements 
depend  heavily  on  E5C  sup- 
port during  exercises  and 
real  world  operations. 
During  an  average  year, 
ESC  will  provide  support 
for  more  than  100  exercises 
around  the  world.     From 
Alaska  to  Europe,  the 
Pacific  to  the  Middle  East, 
the  command  is  dedicated  to 
helpinq  U.S.  and  allied 
militaries  do  their  job 
better.     ESC  experts  sup- 
port exercises  such  as  Red 
Flag,  Green  Flag,  Global 
Shield,  Bright  Star,  Ccpe 
In    an    average   year,    ESC    supports   more    than 
100   exercises   around   the    world. 
Thunder,  Bold  Eagle, 
Display   Determination   and 
Gallant   Knight. 
Each   day  an  average  of 
165  people  support  exer- 
cises  for  other   commands. 
In  a   year's  time,  between 
60,000  and   70,000  work-days 
are  devoted  to  assisting 
others   train   their  people. 
When   you  consider  ESC's 
many   ongoing   peacetime 
missions   —   virtually   iden- 
tical  to   their   wartime 
missions,   and   command 
staffing  of  about   13,000 
people  —  this  support 
becomes  a  major  commitment 
of  command  resources. 
The  Air  Force  currently 
places  a  high  priority  on 
training   aircrews   to   fly 
and  fight  successfully   in 
hostile  electronic  environ- 
ments.    To  provide  this 
training,  ESC  people  deploy 
around  the  world  to  perform 
the  role  of  "bad  guy"   in 
exercises  sponsored  by  many 
military  organizations. 
Acting  as  "bad  guys," 
ESC  people  can   jam  trans- 
missions or  use  imitative 
communications  deception   to 
confuse  pilots  and  block 
communications.     For  air- 
crews who  have  never 
experienced  these  disrup- 
tions and  false  trans- 
missions,  the   impact   can   be 
significant.     Many  skilled 
pilots   have   been   "shot 
down"  or  sent   off   in   t^e 
wrong   direction   during 
these   exercises.     Hope- 
fully,  the  experience   will 
make   them   less  susceptible 
to   these   problems   if   faced 
with   them  during   actual 
combat.     Other  ESC   units 
protect   secure   communica- 
tions  to   prevent   the  plans 
of   friendly    forces   from 
being  stolen   or   disrupted 
by   enemy    forces.      Special 
voice   and  data   links  are 
established  which  provide 
communications   reliability 
and  security. 
ESC   personnel   may  also 
monitor   radio   and   telephone 
communications  or  errant 
electronic  emissions  to 
determine  whether   infor- 
mation of  value   is  being 
exposed.     ESC's  eavesdrop- 
pers are  often   able   to  tell 
exercise  commander's  much 
more  abou'.  their  plans  than 
anyone  is  supposed  to  know. 
With  the  knowledge  of  where 
and  how   this   information 
was  obtained,  commanders 
can  show  their  people   the 
importance  of  proper  com- 
munications and  computer 
systems  security.
i»mt+n'.lt*'miif&l'r  ••'&>±*^M*+t<i**'*jt*«.* *t* ' 
mm* 
iw^^mv^amum 
bii  m  m*f> uy*w " "-'■ ' ' '  
'^Mytiw^i 
^r^  ■-» 
-■tj^i^yi^i  " 
-x»JfljSGc-.>.^-.  ^**l 
«»*•••  ;-'^-» 
»   >   *  - 
ESC  people  participate  in 
many  exercises  annually 
including  Green  Flag  (above) 
and  Brim  Frost  (right). 
Electronic  disruption  tech- 
niques are  used  in  these 
exercises  to  help  train 
aircrews .
***; •<*»**»■•  wwMKjBI'  »,'-;■ 
J        "      ■      '-"ill       II    II       ■-   -     «    Hi   ■      ii    i  .nil  lllin--1-^1   ■*«"*"»■   ■- 
Electronic  Security  Command  enhanced 
its  long-range  planning  with  the   for- 
mation of  a  plans  and  requirements  divi- 
sion as  part  of  the  plans  deputate   in 
November  1983.     However,  it  was   the 
publication  of  the  ESC  "Master  Plan"  in 
January  1985  that  provided  an  outline  for 
the  program's  development. 
The  master  plan  ties  ESC   planning  into 
Air  Force,  DOD  agencies,  and  supported 
commands'  programs,  plans,  goals  and 
objectives.     It  provides  direction  to  all 
planning.     The  master  plan  will  guide 
ESC's  advancement   into  the   21st  century. 
With  the  master  plan  as  a  baseline, 
ESC  planners  are  constantly  looking  eight 
and  15   years  into  the   future. 
The  short-range  objectives  draw 
conclusions  about  what  sorts  of  equip- 
ment, how  many  people  and  what  types  of 
new  technology  we  will  need  to  accomplish 
our  mission  eight  years  from  now.  The 
fifteen-year  outlook  deals  more  with 
abstractions  and  projected  technologies. 
It  realizes  we  have  a  shrinking  manpower 
pool  and  explores  methods  of  doing  more 
with   less.     This  portion  of  the  plan  must 
be  very  flexible. 
Identifying  trends  is  an   important 
factor  in  maintaining  flexibility.     This 
is  why  there  is  an  ongoing  program  to 
recognize  movements  or  changes  in   factors 
affecting  ESC,   including  technology,  eco- 
nomics, politics,  society  and  operational 
doctrines. 
One  result  of  the  ESC  master  plan  is 
an  ever-expanding  series  of  strategy 
papers,  covering  everything   from  specific 
systems  to  innovation.     Officials  expect 
the  biggest  payoff  in  the  field  of  inno- 
vation. 
ESC   is  fostering  a  climate  of  innova- 
tive thinking  —  making  it  easier  for 
people   to  be   innovative.  ESC's  Innovation 
Center  and  Long  Range  Innovation  Team 
serve  as  a  clearing  house  of   ideas  and 
suggestions   from  the   field.     The  team   is 
also  responsible   for  evaluating  ESC's 
innovation  suggestion  program,  which   is 
aimed  at  minimizing  bureaucracy  and 
allowing   ideas  to  be  put  to  work  with- 
out  lengthy   justification  or   fear 
of  failure. 
As  technology  and  rushing  advance- 
ment into  the  era  of  space  continue 
to  challenge  the  world,  ESC  will  be   in 
a  position  to  respond  in  a  timely 
fashion  —  thanks  to  the   framework   for 
change  provided  by  long-range  planning. 
■".'*V