1Y    1031    RDTLr.   I)F.r.ru  ITT  I VE   SUMMARY 
Program  Element:      0   1 2431  F 
RESOURCES    (PROJECT  LISTING):    ($    in   thousands) 
Project 
Number 
FY    197  9 
Ac  tua  1 
Title 
TOTAL  FOR   PROCRAM   ELEMENT  30,550 
BRIEF  DESCRIPTION   OF   ELEMENT   AM)   MISSION   NEED: 
FY    1980 
Estimate 
31,000 
Title:      Derenge  Su ppo rt   Prog ram 
Budget   Activity:      Strategic   Programs,    0    3 
FY'    1981 
Estimate 
72,900 
FY    1982  Additional 
Estimate  to   Completion 
135,300 
Cont  inuing 
Total 
Est  inn  ted 
Costs 
Nou  appl  icahl  <: 
The  Defense  Support  Program  (DSP)  is  the  key  element  of  the  Worldwide 
Military  Command  and  Control  System  The  system's  current  deployment  consists  of  satellites 
and  two  dedicated  ground  readout  stations  to  perform  surveillance  of  the  Eastern  and  Western  Hemisphere 
BASIS  FOR  FY  1981  RDT&E  REQUEST:   Funds  are  included  for  continuing  the  development  of  payload  modifications  for  cor.p.ati 
bTfTty  with  Shuttle/Titan  34D~Inertial  Upper  Stage.   This  Is  the  peak  funding  year  for  satellite  0    14  design.   Thin  y.-r 
will  complete  design  of  Mobile  Ground  Terminals  and  (contingent  upon  securing  FY  80  funds  and  Congressional  approval;  de- 
velopment of  a  satellite  status  capability  for  the  Simplified  Processing  Station.   A  new  start  for  this  year  is  the  de- 
sign and  development  of  user  interface  so  the  ground  based  users  can  receive  and  process  Mobile  Ground  Terminal  data. 
OTHER  APPROPRIATION  FUNDS: 
Procurement  (3020) 
(Quantity) 
Procurement  (3080)* 
(Quantity) 
*   Includes    initial    spares 
FY    1979 
Actual 
123,400 
(3    retrofit) 
17,258 
FY    1980 
Estimate 
103,862 
(1    retrofit) 
26,574 
FY    1981 
Est  imate 
51,931 
90,132 
(3   MCT's) 
FY    1982 
Estimate 
192,280 
(1    New) 
10,733 
Add  itional 
to   Completion 
Continuing 
Cont  Inuing 
Total 
Est  I ma ted 
Costs 
Net   appl  Ira  hi  e 
Net   appl  icahl  e 
557
Pro&ram   Element  :      tf  1 2  A  3 1 F  Title.    Lvu-nsi-    Suiw.Mt    rmrr.w, 
i'.u.i,;.-t     Activity:    St  rat  .-.;  i_r_  pro^' -'"'J.*     ln- 
DETAILED  BACKGROUND  AND  DESCRIPTION:      The    Defense   Support.    Program   (DSP)    was   developed 
DSP   satellites  contain    infrared    sensors. 
The    systi'tn    It:   operational 
to   the  National   Command   Authorities    (NCA)    and  other   designated   users. 
Two    dedicated    ground    stations, 
one  overseas  and  one  within   the  Continental    United   States    (CONUS) 
Simplified   Processing   Station   provides  a   backup   capability  to   the  current    ground    stations  to   enhance  mission   dita   sur- 
vivability and    increase  the   probability  thatf  ^lata   will    be   available.      It    is  currently 
deployed    in  the. CONUS,    but   can   be  moved  overseas    in   about   a   two  week   period.      The  Joint    Chiefs  of   Staff   have  designated 
the  Aerospace   Defense   Command,    Strategic   Air   Command,    National   Military   Command   System,    Atlantic   Command,    Pacific    Com- 
mand,   European  Command,  ^as 
users  of   DSP  data.      Evolutionary  satellite    improvements  are    intended   to   prolong   the   useful    life  of   each   satellite,    mnke 
the   satellite  more   survivable_                                                         increase   the   viewing  area  of   each   satellite,    and    increase   the 
accuracy  of   data   provided                                                                                                                               tor   the  NCA  decision-making    process. 
Modifications  under   development   will   ensure   that    the   DSP  payloads  are   compatible   with   Shutt.  le/Tit  an    34D/Inert  lal    Upper 
Stage    (IUS)   capabilities.      The  Mobile   Cround   Terminals  will    provide   DSP  data    survivability   by  developing  a    tru.V   mounted 
data   processing   and   communication   capability 
^_     »-  •» 
RELATED  ACTIVITIES; 
Defense  Satellite  Communications  System  (P.E.  331 10F)  provides  primary  communications  routing  for  DSP  over: :.<-/in  data. 
Space  Boosters  (P.E.  35119F)  provides  launch  support.   Space  Vehicle  Subsystems  Advanced  Development  (P';E.  <Vi4;;U)  is 
developing  technology  for  improved  satellite  stabilization  techniques.   The  National  Emergency  Airborne  Cntmi.aiiJ  Posf 
(P.E.  32015F)  and  Post-Attack  Command  and  Control  System  (P.E.  11312F)  are  potential  users  of  DSP  data.   DSP  it;  the  k.-y 
element  of  the  Worldwide  Military  Command  and  Control  Systems  (WWMCCS) 
After  transition  to  the  Space  Shuttle,  Space  l.aunHi 
■"Support "(P.E.  3517 IF)  will  provide  IUSs  and  Space  Shuttle  flights  for  DSP  missions.   DSP  Communications  (P.E.  12V.7F) 
provides  operations  and  maintenance  for  the  DSP  Cround  Communication  Network. 
558
Program   Element:      tf    12^31  F 
lit  It- 
n...!, 
Defense  Support  Program  (DSP) 
t    A.'rlv  It -.■':"   Strateelc  Tioyi   ->, 
km  fe4 
H9^    PERFORMED   BY:      Commander-in-Chief,    Aerospace   Defense    Command ,    :  m  hit ,.  1  n^   off  t  a  l  lona  1    control    of    Deft-nsp   Support 
Program    (DSP)     for    Che   Joint    Chiefs    of    Staff.       Strategic    Air    Command    and    tie    Air    Fore.:    Crminnnlrat  Ions    Coimnand    lure    her^r. 
the   system  operators   and  maintainors   of    the   DSP   ground    stations.      Air    h.rcc   Systems   Command's   ^.ice   Division,    Fos 
Angeles,    CA,    lias  overall  development    and    procurement   management    rc-.poa:;  i  h  i  1  i  ty .      The   Air    Force   Logistics   Command    pro- 
vides  engineering  and    logistics   support.      Air    Force  Weapons   Laboratory,    Klrtland    AFIJ,    MM,    will    provide   facility    support. 
The  Air   Force  Test   and    Evaluation   Center,    Klrtlmd    AFR,    N'M   partlrlpttes    In    test   and    evaluation   of    selected    system    s fo- 
ments.     TRW,    Rcdondo   Beach,    CA    is    the    prime   contractor '  I  or    the    spar. .-era  ft    and    satellite    Integration.      Aerojet    Electro 
Systems   Company,    Azusa,    CA,    Is    the   prime  contractor    for    the    infrared    sensor.      Ford    Aerospace  and    Communications   Corpora- 
tion,   Western   Development    Laboratories,    Talo   Alto,    CA,     is    the   prime  contractor    for    the   Data   Acquisition   and    Communica- 
tions  segments.      The  Martin   Company,    Denver,    CO,    builds   the   Titan    IlIC   looster.      The   Department   of    Energy    (Sand  la    Corpo- 
ration) *       IBM   Thousand    Oaks,    CA    Is    the    prime-   contractor    !  or    all 
software   efforts  as  well    the   pr Ime "contractor   on    the   Simplified    Processing   Station.      Technology   Corporation    is    the   prim* 
contractor    for    the  Ground    Communications   Network.      The   Aerospace   Corporation,    Inglewood,    CA,    furnishes  general    systems 
engineer ing/ integrat ion   for    the  DSP   System    Program  Office. 
PROGRAM   ACCOMPLI  SHMENTS   ALT)    FUTURE   PROGRAMS: 
t 
1.       FY    1979   and    Prior   Accompl  islunents :      Significant    accompl  islmonts    to   date    Include    procurement    of    13    satellites   and    12 
Titan    IITC   boosters,    construction  of    two  data   processing    facilities,    and    provision   of    user   displays,    software,    communi- 
cations  and    a    training    facility    (also   used    for    software  development    and    mission   data   analysis),    completion    of    Reso.ir-h 
and    Development    (R&D)    for   modifications    to    satellites    10-12    to    Improve    survivability  and    t.. 
provide  data    survivability,    completion   of    Rf.D    for   an    Improved    focal    plane    for    satellite    IT  and    comr";  1  et  ion    of   development 
of    liardware  and    software   for    the   Simplified    Processing   Station.      Development    Initiated    in   FY    1976,    continues   on   an 
Improved    sensor   to   provide    Increased    viewing   area 
In   dune    1976,  "a    software   package   was   delivered 
Development    of 
modifications    for    satellite   retrofit    to    improve   survivability  was    Initiated.      R&D    support    for 
DSP   augmentation  was  completed.      Ground    station  modifications   lor   compatibility   with  a    satellite   ant  I- jam   command    capa- 
bility  were  completed.      Satellite   Tracking   Set   Training   Equipment    was   delivered. 
559
Program  Element:  9    12431 F 
Title:   Defense  Support  Program 
Rudget  Activity:   St  raf_eglc^  Programs  t    9    3 
Critical  Design  Review  was  conducted  in  June  1978  on  a  new  sensor 
Funding 
ensuring  UTAH  34D/Shuttle  Inertlal  Upper  "St.ige  (IUS)  compatibility  continued.  _In  December  1978  the  prototype  Simpli- 
fied Procsslng  Station  (SPS)  was  shipped  for  Initial  Operational  Test  and  Eval- 
uation.  The  testing  was  completed  in  June  f 9 79 .   A  satellite  calibration  experiment  was  performed  to  determine 
infrared  sensor  responslvlty. 
2'   FY  1980  Planned  Program:   Expenditures  include  the  continuation  of  the  DSP  satellite  compatibility  development  with 
the  Shuttle/TITAN  3AD  IUS.   This  development  is  necessary  to  ensure  that  the  DSP  satellites  are  compatible  with  the  IUS 
Interfaces  and  support  the  program  transition  to  a  Shuttle  launch  capahllilty.   The  development  efforts  will  be  applied 
to  insure  that  the  system  design  will  in  corporate  launch  and  recovery  loads,  safety  requirements,  interface  compati- 
bility and 'contamination  protection.   The  current  plan  for  DSP  satellite  launches  is  as  follows:   one  more  TITAN  1 1 1 C 
launch;  two  TITAN  34D/IUS  launches:  and  all  subsequent  launches  on  Shuttle/IUS.   The  development  of  the  sensor  structural 
test  model  will  be  continuing.   The  purpose  of  this  model  is  to  verify  the  sensor  loads  compatibility  with  each  of  these 
launch  vehicles.   Work  will  be  completed  on  the  improved  spacecraft  data  transmlslon  capability  development.   This 
development  will  increase  the  reliability  of  the  high-power  data  transmission  to  the  ground  so  DSP  data. can  be  received 
in  a  small  antenna.   The  Link  II  satellite  status  development  for  the  SPS  will  he  completed.   This  capability  will 
allow  the  SPS  personnel  to  monitor  the  health  and  status  of  the  satellite  In  Its  role  of  improving  DSP  data  surviva- 
bility.  The  design  of  the  next  new  satellite  will  begin.   Extensive  new  design  of  the  spacecraft  will  be  required  to 
Incorporate  new  sensors,  survivability  features  and  because  many  components  used  In  previous  satellites  are  no  longer 
available  because  of  obsolescence.  Funds  were  requested  to  start  Mobile  Ground  Terminals  (MGTs).   They  were  deleted 
by  the  Appropriations  Conference  on  the  basis  that  they  were  premature 
After  submission  of  the  study  an  attempt  will  be  made  to  obtain  the  FY  1980  design- 
funds  and  Congressional  approval  to  proceed.   The  purpose  of  the  MOT  is  to  provide 
DSP  data  by  mobilizing  and  proliferating  the  data  processing  and  communication  functions.  The  FY  1981  MOT  program 
schedule  depends  on  starting  the  design  in  FY  1980.  Orbital  operations  data  analysis,  survivability  and  satellite 
improvement  studies  will  continue. 
3.   FY  1981  Planned  Program:    A  major  part  of  the  FY  1981  funds  will  be  applied  to  continuing  development  of  the  pay- 
load  TITAN  34D/IUS  compatibility  and  the  design  of  the  next  new  group  of  satellites.  This  is  the  peak  year  for  the  sat- 
ellite design.  The  current  plan  1b  to  procure  four  new  satellites  of  this  design,  one  each  of  the  following  yearn;  FY 
1982,  FY  1983,  FY  1984,  and  FY  1986.    The  purpose  of  these  satellites  Is  to  replace  operational  satellites  that  have 
560
Program  Element:  0    12431F 
Title 
ltle:   Defense  Support  Program 
Budget  A"clTv7ty~:   St  rnteglc  Programs, 
V    3 
worn  out  and  can  no  longer  accomplish  the  mission.   The  Mobile  Ground  Terminal  (MGT)  design  will  be  completed  with  a 
Critical  Design  Review.   Based  on  a  successful  review,  a  production  option  for  the  procurement  of  the  three  MCTs  will 
be  exercised.   The  design  and  development  of  user  interfaces  for  the  ground  based  users  to  receive  MCT  data  will  begin. 
The  purpose  of  this  capability  is  to  ensure  that  each  can  receive  and  process  Defense  Support  Program  dat;i  from  all 
sources  and  keep  common  data  at  each  command  center  for  as  long  as  possible.   No  attempt  will  be  made  to  liave  elaborate 
association/correlation  schemes.   Funding  is  planned  for  the  development  of  a  direct  line-of -sight  Ultra  high  Frequency 
communication  capability  from  the  Simplified  Processing  Station  to  an  Airborne  Command  Post.   This  capability  will  pro- 
vide an  emergency  method  for  the  airborne  user  to  obtain  Defense  Support  Program  data.   Studies  on  survivability,  orbi- 
tal data  and  system  improvements  will  continue. 
*•   FY  1982  Planned  Program:   Plans  include  continuing  Shuttle/Titan  34D/Inert  ial  Upper  Stage  (IUS)  compatibility;  how- 
ever, at  a  lower  funding  rate  than  in  the  previous  years.   The  design  of  the  future  satellite  will  he  completed.   The 
MGT  user  interface  design  and  development  will  be  completed.   Prototype  development  for  a  MGT  that  will  be  compatible 
with  the  follow-on  Defense  Support  Program  system  will  begin.   Continued  studies  on  system  survivability,  performance 
improvements,  and  orbital  data  analysis  are  planned. 
5.   Program  to  Completion:   This  is  a  continuing  program.   RDT&E  funding  will  support  continuing  satel 1 ite/syst en  devel- 
opment in  support  of  Department  of  Defense  requirements.   Primary  emphasis  will  be  directed  toward  eliminating  or  mlnl- 
mi2tng  operational  employment  deficiencies,  the  use  of  the  Space  Shuttle  ar.d/or  Titan  34D/IUS  in  lieu  of  the  Titan  IIIC, 
the  development  of  the  MGT  capability  and  the  adequacy  of  the  ground  station  data  processing  capability. 
6.   Milestones: 
A. 
B. 
C. 
D.  Delivery  of  Satellite  05 
E. 
F.  "Delivery  of   Satellite   //6 
G.  Delivery  of  Dual   Satellite  Software 
H.   Delivery  of  Satellite  SB 
I.   Delivery  of  Satellite  01 
J.    Delivery  of  Satellite   09 
K. 
L. 
M. 
N.    Delivery  of  Simplified   Processing   S_tation   (SPS) 
0. 
Date 
Mar   73 
Jul 
Feb 
May 
Oct 
Mar 
Dec  78 
561
.Program   Element:      //    12431F  Title:    Defense   Support^  Progrnn 
Budget   Activity:    Strategic   Programs,    It   3 
P.  Deliver   Simplified   Processing   Station   I. Ink  Status  Capability  4Q     CY   80 
Q.  Retrofit   of   Titan  34D/Inertial    Upper   Stage    (IDS)    Compnt ibl o' Satel li t o  Complete        3Q     CY   81 
R.  Retrofit   of    IDS   Compatible  Satellite  Complete  1Q     CY   82 
S.  Initial   Operational   Capability   of   Mobile  Cround   Terminals  4Q     CY   83 
T.  Satellite  launches  As  required 
7.      Resources:      Not  applicable 
8 •      Comparison  with  FY    1980  Bud get   Data : 
Total 
FY    1978  FY    1979  FY    1980  FY    1981  Additional  Estimated 
Project  Actual  Estimate  Est lmate  Est Imntc  to  Completion  Costs 
Number  Title    (If   Applicable)        28,745  32,300  44,400  53,200  Continuing  Hot  applicable 
FY    1979  actual  was   lower    than   FY    1979  estimate   because  of    the  deferral   of    satellite    14   procurement    from   FY    1931    to   FY   32, 
this  deferred    the   need    to   start   the  design   from   FY   79   to   FY   80. 
FY    1980   estimate    is   lower   because  the  Appropriations   Conference  deleted    $13,400  requested    for    the  start   of    the  Mobile 
Cround   Terminal   design. 
In    the   FY    1981    estimate,    funding   requirements   for    satellite   14  design    Increased    to  account   for  most   of    the   program  growth. 
Inflation  accounted    for   a   portion  of    the   FY    1981    estimate   increase  over    last   year's   estimate. 
562
budget  Activity:   Strategic  Programs,  it  5 
Program  Element:  v   T2431K 
Test,  and  Evaluation  Data 
!•  Development  Test  and  Evaluation:  The  Defense  Support  Piugram  (DbP)  has  beet,  designed,  do  v«j  1  ope  >t ,  trMed  .mo 
deployed  as  an  operational  system  In  the  early  I970's.  The  system  is  a  classified  space  program  cuusi  ;t  l  n^  ut  ^'..mij 
control  and  readout  stations  that  receive  data  from  satellites,  process  the  data,  and 
information  to  the  National  Command  Authorities  and  military  commanders  for  decision  making  [im- 
poses. Development  Test  and  and  Evaluation/Initial  Operational  (D1&E/I0T&E)  on  the  prototype  Simplitied  rr-.re  ,s  i  ia; 
Station  (SPS)  was  completed  in  19/8.  The  testing  indicated  that  the  SI'S  mot  most  ol  its  specifications  and  it  u;ib  re<  - 
ommended  that  Initial  Operational  Test  and  Evaluation  (IOT&E)  be  accomplished.  All  discrepancies  and  deficiencies  un- 
covered to  date  have  been  resolved  or  are  planned  to  be  resolved  jointly  by  Aerospace  Defense  Command  and  Air  Force 
Systems  Command  (AFSC).  Maintainability  and  reliability  testing  ol  the  system  was  conducted  by  the  system  operator. 
There  is  a  continuing  effort  to  upgrade  the  satellites  and  ground  facilities  tor  improved  system  performance  arm  sur- 
vivability.  Development  Test  and  Evaluation  will  be  accomplished  for  each  of  these  improvements. 
2 .   Operational  Test  and  Evaluati on : 
(a)  Combined  DT&E  and  10T&E  was  performed  on  the  DSP  prototype  SPS  from  2b  August  197b  to  b  November  19.' c.  at 
VandenberK  Air  Force  Base,  CA.  This  combined  test  was  then  followed  by  dedicated  1GT&E  from  lb  /»pri  1  1979  to  Jo  June 
J979  The  llQ  Space  Division  was  responsibi  le  for  DT&E  while  the  Air  Force  Test  and  Evaluation 
Center,  assisted  by  personnel  from  the  Aerospace  Defense  Command  (operating  for  DSP),  managed  and  conducted  Ioicl.. 
(b)  10T&E  was  conducted  with  prototype  SPS  hardware  and 
software.  The  objectives  were  to  evaluate  the  system's  performance  and  to  estimate  the  reliability,  availability,  anc 
maintainability  of  an  opoerationa] ly  deployed  system.  The  October  19/9  IUT6.E  report  identified  three  major  del  i  c  ieiu  it  .s 
which  would  prevent  the  SPS  from  being  operationally  effective.   These  were:  (1) 
(3)  Excessive  computer-generated  message  error  rate  -  Mission  messages  were  periodically  rejected  at  the  <i<ita 
distribution  center  because  of  parity  error.   As  a  result,  mission  messages  were  lost. 
(d)   All  major  deficiencies  are  to  be  corrected  by  the  SPS  contractor,  international  Business  Machines,  before 
563
Budget  Activity:  Strategic  Programs,  If    3 
Program  Element:   ?  12431F 
the  start  of  l'ollow-on  test  and  evaluation  which  is  tentatively  scheduled  for  a  3u  aay  period  in  January  ljHU.  'Ihe 
FOT&E  will  be  performed  in  two  phases  at  the  permanent  SI'S  location  Ihc 
first  phase  will  be  conducted  by  Air  Force  Test  and  Evaluation  Center  to  verify  correction  of  lOT&h  deficiencies  and 
to  further  refine  reliability,  availability  and  maintainability  estimates.  The  second  phase  will  be  conducted  by  the 
Aerospace  Defense  Command  to  develop  operations  and  maintenance  techniques,  doctrine,  and  training  for  the  bysten. 
Follow-on  Test  &  Evaluation  results  will  be  used  to  support  decisions  concerning  the  depio>ment  of  the  prototype 
Simplified  Processing  Station  as  an  operational  system. 
3.   System  Characteristics: 
Characterstics  Objectives  Demonstrated 
For  the  current  operational  system 
Simulation 
Live  events 
Simulation 
Live  events 
Simulation 
Live  events 
Simulation 
Operational 
Experience 
Operational 
Experience 
Simulation 
Limited  live  events 
Simulation 
Limited  live  events
Budgec  Activity:      Strategic   Programs,    (}  _3 
Program   Element:      0    123MF 
For    the   Simplified   Proceaalng    Station 
Object  Iven 
Demonstrated 
Development  Test  & 
Evaluation  (DTSE) ,  about 
for  simulated  ncen.irlo 
during  Initial  Operation- 
al Test  &  Evaluation 
(IOT&E) 
DT&E,  during 
IOT&E  ~ 
DT&E,  10T&E 
DT&E,  IOT&E 
during  [OT&F. 
per  week,  during  rOTS  E 
DT&E,  l-OT&E 
DT&E  only