HISTORY  OF  THE 
AIR  FORCE  INTELLIGENCE  SERVICE 
1  JANUARY  -  31  DECEMBER  1984 
FORT  BEIVOIR,  VIRGINIA  22060 
VOLUME  I  -  NARRATIVE  AND  APPENDICES
HISTORY 
OF  THE 
AIR  FORCE  IHTOUGENCE  SERVICE 
1  January  -  31  Oeceflfeer  1984 
lolume  I:     Narrative  and  Appendices 
litorial  Assistance 
by 
KATHY  H.  HARD 
./,(S~^
fli  The  AFIS  History  for  CY1984  consists  of  12  volumes.  The 
first  volume  is  the  narrative  account  of  434  pages  and  focuses  on 
significant  activity  and  decisions  of  AFIS  units.  The  remaining 
11  volumes  are  the  documents  which  support  the  narrative  account. 
Each  supporting  document  is  cited  in  s  footnote,  and  each  is 
assigned  an  "SO"  number,  thus  allowing  the  document  to  be  easily 
identified  and  retrieved. 
40  Tie  WIS  Historical  Research  Office  also  prepared  the 
AFSAC  History  for  CY19S4,  consisting  of  a  narrative  volwne  and 
five  volumes  of  supporting  documents.  The  account  of  AFSAC  within 
the  AFIS  History  is  therefore  a  condensed  version  of  the  separate 
AFSAC  History.  *■ 
0£  Because  some  aspects  of  the  AFIS  History  involved 
sensitive  compartmented  information  {SCIi,  there  is  a  separate  SCI 
annex  to  this  volume,  Annas  A.  One  copy  of  this  is  on  file  in  the 
SCI  storage  facility  used  by  the  Historical  Research  Office.*"0 
sUS 
the   Editorial  : 
"tylefal* 
."ftSJ 
the    Office 
and  The  Chicago Manual  of 
Style, 
13th  editior 
case  spelling; 
s"    followed   were 
„  and  3)  rewrite 
to    1)   USE 
jargon. 
!  past 
tense.   1)  us 
W   Res* 
acti~     of 
■arching    and    ace 
the      command 
urately^wr 
■iting 
diret 
•fomef6   % 
locations,     sp ecial    staff    offi 
world* ide   AFSAC    un 
complicated   ti ;sks.      The   AFIS 
AFIS    and  AFSaC personnel 
who^an 
swered  questi 
provided   docu' 
.      In   part 
cosmvanders  was ;  essential   and  appreciated 
d^^l'- 
&S/ 
DIANE  T.   PUTNE 
Chief,  HHtori ca!  Research  Off ice
TABLE  OF  CONTENTS 
SECUR1TT  NOTICE  PAGE   
TITLE  PAGE   
PREFACE   
TABLE  OF  CONTENTS   - 
 
LIST  OF  ILLUSTRATIONS   •   
CHRONOLOGY-  ■  -  ■   •   
CHAPTER  1  -  MISSION,  ORGANIZATION,  AND  COMMAND-- 
MISSION   
ORGANIZATION   
AFIS  AND  AF/IN  RELATIONSHIP   ••■■ 
PERSONNEL   •   
Key  Personne  1 
 •   •  •  • 
Kann  i  ng  Strength   •   *  * 
Budget   •   •   
APIS  MANAGEMENT  SURVEY   -   
Survey  Teara  and  Method- •-•■-•   
Findings  and  Reorganization   •••• 
Changes  Implemented   
Implementation  Team-   ■   
Implementation  Partially  Halted   
Force  Management  Resuscitated   •   
Year-End  Results   -   
SECURITY  WORKING  GROUP   
PROPOSED  LAND  SALE-   -   •*  
INSPECTOR  GENERAL   
Mission   ■   •• 
Personnel   - 
 
Inspections--   ••   
FW&A  Prevention  Activities   
Ground  Safety   
Complaints  and  Inquiries   ■ 
APIS  SENIOR  ENLISTED  ADVISOR   
SEIP  Panel   -   
CMSAF  Selection  Procedures   
PME  A ! locations ■•• -   ■   
TDVs-   -   ••■ 
End  of  Tour  Report   -
CHAPTER  II  -  INTELLIGENCE  OPERATIONS    25 
DIRECTORATE  W  OPERATIONAL  INTELLIGENCE    27 
MISSION    27 
QR6AMZAT10N    27 
REORGANIZATION  ACTIVITY    27 
PERSONNEL    30 
Key  Personnel    *» 
Kanninc  Strength    30 
SPECIAL  STUDIES    31 
D&D  Status  Kecorts    31 
NIE  11-11 -xx    35 
NSDD-105-- 
ir'o'^at  io'i    36 
Coordinsttoi  or  U'if  Osservatis^i  P-cje::    $3 
Preparj-.io.-.  f0'  S"-Ty  Oif.:    ^3 
APIS  Reserve  Sjpsert         ** 
Contract  3esea-:"   •.■•:•.•■'■'      ia 
Data  A^-.s^sHc^jPSS';    *5 
Weekly  Actinty  fteMni    4  a 
Aerospace   Iitei  1  i^e'.ce   *. 
  " 
Inteii'.g<">;e  opting  £ra<-;^    45 
Inte '■ ' ' ?«-:e  »»:;.!< ■    "6 
fxecul 've   'iris' ;  igeroe 
I  NO!'   A5-m><ira;;;r    48 
Pre'.*r'. alien  i^ps;-".   
■    49 
Phot.  :>;'«-:■.:  S«sw.    '9 
Wori.^;  Sss^t;  lcrze''i    49 
"  DIRECTORATE  OF   TARGETS    SI 
MISSION   ;    51 
PERSONNEL    52 
Key  Pe'scnnd    52 
Mann  in;  Strengtn    52 
TARGETIHS  HATTERS    52 
Conferees  a'.s  Heeimjs    52 
Puhlieitisr.s    So 
Hard  Tar3tt  Kji'tisr.i  PrCJe;t    58 
Signif  ici-.v  TOYi    59 
Requester  »ea?o"s  Tame'.   L  ist    61 
Officer!  ?os»t!on  Description  Sssxs    61 
HAPPING,  CHARTING,  AND  GEODESY    62 
Conferences  and  Meetings  Suofsso-i?;    62 
Marabership  on  Coraraittees    trs  »;'«  irg  S'l-jai    65
Support  for  Weapons  Systems   
E&E  Requirements  Support   
Functional  Management  Inspection--*-   
KC&G  Personnel  and  Training  Issues--   
CHAPTER  III  -  IKTELLISEKCE  EDUCATION  AKO  TRAIKHI6.- 
DIRECTORATE  OF  JOINT  SERVICES  SUPPORT   
KISSION   
ORGANIZATION   
PERSONNEL   
Key  Personnel   
Hannna   Strewn   
TRAINING-:   
Oefiefino   o*    i.  :  .    Gaodnar,    -uSfii   
DC-  Lvii'or  C-.d'ts   
CO.  directive   I30C-. 7  Revise'"   
^p;.-.re-vcn'.^    fer    ^pvels   is    &ri   C   Trair.in;' ■ 
i    C*    t   ■.SjcitiS".    an*   Tr-ainrg   Hater  >jl  s-  ■  ■ 
niJot   a:j:i:;:'-.  ei   
Sl-l:    Se.-ina^   
He^'ein-.ts'.'Ci   2t    "S   Cor.f  erer".;s   
Reiie»  of   f.anjais   and  Course  Stantfares   
Specia'.  Etoe'ience  inentifier  for  EiD   
LE&KAflr  ARCHIVES  ACTIVITIES-- 
JU1*.I   SERVICES  SUPPORT   
Ar.tUerrenS'!'  A;;ivity   
Dj^t^roc^  —  ■ 
La™  cf   *ar   i-.3  i-eji',   Katte 
?.-.-   ?u»   briefing   
DIRECTORATE  OF  SOVIET  AFFAIRS   
MISSION   
ORGANIZATION   
PERSONNEL   
Kev  Persciie 1 
 
Kanr.lng   S-,-ef.c*."<   
Ma^so-er  ReSiiitioi  Prooosa'   
RELOCATION  TO  BUILDING  1304   
SOVIET  AWRENESS   
Statistics   c   Presentation   
Grief  in:-    3'.   -J"    Si'.ei   
Kespsnies   to  S'lefing^   
rteq-est  f;r  Seem;  Brief m;  ~ear
Reserve  'ea^  initiative    }}* 
Upgrade  of  facility   
LITERATURE  RESEARCH   
Notice  to  FBIS   
Soviet  Press  Translations   
Soviet  Hilita'y  Encyclopedia  Project   
Soviet  Military  Thought  Series   
Announceme.it  to  fill-Union  Copyright  Agency   
TRAINING   
Attendance  at  Canadian  Conference   
Forma!  and  Informal  Training   
Trip  to  L'SSft 
 
AFA  "Citation  of  Moncr"    122 
DIRECTORATE  OF  ATTACHI  AFFAIRS    123 
MISSION  OF  DIRECTORATE    123 
MISSION  OF  AIR  ATTACH!    123 
POSITIONS  WITHIN  DAS    12- 
PERSONNEL  ■  - 
  12  = 
ATTACHE  SaECTEES    l?i 
Attache  Select ic".  P^ei    12c 
Attache  Seiecticn  Criteria    Ufc 
ENLISTED  SELECTLtS    12' 
TRAININli  PROGRAf.   *    1£S 
Language  Tyler  'rM'r    12- 
In-Country  Lanqya;?  Training    123 
Naval  Poitsradi-a'.e  ie*5ol    129 
On  Static^  i-sngjase  'Jie    123 
SUPPORT  ON  STATION---'    13C 
STAFF  VISITS  TO  DAOs    131 
INCENTIVE  SUPPIY  PROGRAMS    133 
NEWSLETTER    13? 
HID-TOUR  REPOP-IS    133 
PROMOTION  STAT! ST ICS    ". 3i 
UNSCHEDULED  RETURKS  FROM  STATIONS---    I'H 
CHAPTER  IV  -  INTELLIGENCE  SUPPORT   •    137 
DIRECTORATE  OF  SECURITY  AND  COMMUNICATIONS  MANAGEMENT-- 
MISSION   -   -   
ORGANIZATION   
Dual-Hatting  of  Key  IMS  Positions   
Directorate  Structure   
MANPOWER   ■   
Key  Personnel   
Manning  Strength-   •   ....■ 
Manning  Requirements   
PROJECT  MOVE   
PERSONNEL  SECURITY     
Statistics
Polygraph  Use  "Test"    144 
For  Cause  oischarge  Program    145 
Request  for  United  TS  Clearance  Authority    14S 
Conversion  to  4C  Systen    145 
Microfilming  at   Records    146 
Interpretation  of  DSK-III    146 
HAHAGEHEHT    146 
Publication  Management    147 
Steaming  unautnonied  Disclosures    147 
r   .._.,   Program    149 
m 
CoiOBiittee  Keinsers  and  instructors    151 
SPECIAL  SECURITY  OFFICE    151 
Security  £cj;a'.icr    151 
Support  for  'JS*F    ZIMOM  Conference*    154 
Comrninicatisnv  an*  Privacy  Support    155 
Support  for  JSiF   SIC  Conferer.ee    156 
Termination  of  WEMAjIS    156 
Automates  ■>*:    :ocu-.c-nt  Control    157 
Statistics'  Su^-.s-y    157 
DIRECTORATE  Of  INTELLIGENCE  RESERVE  FORCES      158 
MISSION     158 
ORGANIZATION     158 
PERSONNEL     158 
Manning  Strength     159 
IMA  MANPOWER  STATISTICS      159 
FLIGHTS  ESTABLISHED  AND  DEACTIVATED      162 
ANNUAL  ASSESSMENT  Of    IARF  PERSONNEL      162 
USC  678  POSITIONS      163 
OPERATIONS     164 
Annua!    me  Saec.ai   Tours      164 
Allocation   i''i  f-e^'t ic:  cf  J^ar-Day^      164 
Deployment   :■;  i'ir.s-.-i     165 
TRAINING   '•• 
   166 
Course  Canceiiatins   ar.c  Cutbacks      166 
Curriculur.  Sei-isee  for  AFSC  8075      167 
HUHINT  Training     167 
Foreign  Lano'„-age  Training     169 
KAP  Reser-e  Anne*    170 
MOBILIZATION  AND  READINESS      171 
Exercise  PA.ACC  Ri*,U!!.iSS      171 
Exercise  P^i.*  SIv£R      171 
Exercise  l-LCni    FUCuS  LENS      172 
KOH  with  AS^;     172 
IntelSigerce  Si-spirt  Projects     172 
WORKSHOPS     173
PERSONNEL  SECURITY---- 
PESSONSEL  MANAGEMENT- - 
Statistics   
Management  Actions- 
DIRECTORATE  OF  PERSONNEL-- 
MISSION-   
ORGANIZATION   
PERSONNEL   
Key  Personnel   
Manning  Strength- -• ■ 
MILITARY  PERSONNEL   
CHAPTER  ¥  -  HUMAN  RESOURCE  IN7£LLifc£NC£- -, 
  195 
fi!K  fUKCL  SPLC1AL  ACIIVIIJES  CENTER    li" 
MISSION    ir-- 
O*iiAhlZAT10f    Is? 
MANNiNu    I'ii 
HQ  ORGAM/ATJO'.    i$? 
HQ  PtftSONSLL    ly-i 
HO  HW.Mr.Li         Z~: 
operations    r..:: 
ANA1.YSIS  Of  TILES    2?-:. 
RlPOSf  PKOUUCTION  STATISTICS    v.; 
OOLU    IMTIATIVE    i-'S 
NCJ   HELD  Cr'f  iCt.S    "  L- 
OPLiiAritiMS   SUPPORT    <-'' 
PlAKS   RESOL^iS,   AN:   SUPPC-RI   
■    ':■'■'-.
A'SAC's   *artir-.£   Pssture    ?i? 
S;s:iity  Li'idice'Wr*    214 
Wcser-ve  Affairs    219 
E.ccue  Activity    222 
Piais    229 
tfana^c^nt   Effecti»eress   Itiscect  icns    232 
AfSAC  Briefing  Proora-.    232 
Resc-jrce  ^aiage'-e't    234 
Fiscal    Prosr-i-r.s    235 
6jd9e:    ?3? 
i.o?istic<:    24G 
Kjfcil  it j- 
  241 
Circe-   r-'jna;;?-?-*.    jus   Training    244 
AFSAC  OPERATIONAL  TRAINING  PROGRAM    24& 
DETACHMENT  21    250 
DETACHrtLNT  22    254 
detachment  23    <";? 
european  special  activities  area    2sg 
pacific  special  activities  aria    2t', 
CHAPTER  VI    -  Af  IS  SflllAl.  STAFF    2?j 
HEADQUARTERS  SQUALWOf.  ACTION    2'-. 
PLANS,  PROGRAMS.  AAU  LOGISTICS  DIVISION    2': 
MANPOWER  Art!)  ORGANISATION  DIVISiO*    294 
COMPTROLLER  DIYISIOK    Wi 
ADMINISTRATIVE  DIVISION    3C4 
PUBLIC  Af  FAIRS  Of  HCi.    3- 
CHAPTER  VI  i    -  A/IS  OPERATING  LOCATIONS    313 
AFIS  OL-Af    y.h 
APIS  OL-d    323 
AFIS0L-E7    
  j3J 
AFIS  OL -f    33  3 
FOOTNOTES   *    343 
APPENDICES   -    412 
GLQSSARr    413 
ABSTRACTS   -  •  425 
INDEX   -   -    423 
SUPPORTING  DOCUMENTS 
DOCUMENTS  1-68  VOLUME  II 
DOCUMENTS  69-121  VOLUME  III 
DOCUMENTS  121-125  VOLUME  IV 
DOCUMENTS  126-156  VOLUME  V
DOCUMENTS  157-199  VOLUME  VI 
DOCUMENTS  200-239  VOLUME  VII 
DOCUMENTS  240-297  VOLUME  VIII 
DOCUMENTS  297-367  VOLUME  IX 
DOCUMENTS  368-390  VOLUME  X 
DOCUMENTS  391-466  VOLUME  XI 
DOCUMENTS  467 -SO*  VOLUME  XII
LIST  OF  ILLUSTRATIONS 
ILIUSTRATIOKS 
;    APIS  Organization  Chart 
Proposed  Organ i z at ion 
:    Maj.  Gen.  James  C.  Pfaut? 
Brig.  Gen.  Paul  H.   Kartin 
Col.   William  B.   Sherman 
Col.  Nick  Yankowski 
Col.   Charles  R.   Piver 
CKSgt  Richard  H.   Gantzler 
AFIS  Compound,   Fort  BeKo 
Audiovisual  Presentations 
i  (AFIS/INGV) 
.    Secretary  Verne  Orr 
Compound 
:    Staff  of  Directorate  of  Joint 
"      "ices  Support   (AFIS/iMUj 
n  APIS 
Section of Map  for  Exerc 
ROKKER 
Section of 
Map 
for  Exerc 
RUNi-JSR 
Personnel 
Directors 
_  Soviei Affairs in  USSS 
5  of  U.etached  Training  Site; 
kFSAC  Organization  Chart 
AFSAC  HQ  Organization  Chart 
AFSAC  Coiwnanders'   Conference
CHRONOLOGY 
1984 
filR  FORCE  INTELLIGENCE  SERVICE 
The  ACS/I  rescinded  the  authority  granted  to 
Electronic  Security  Command  in  1973  to  close 
■  cause"  cases  under  the  Vance  memorandum.
requested  that  the  land 
the  federal  government. 
0Kk  The  AFIS  rfanagetBf 
headed  by  the  ACS/I's  sp< 
John  S.  Fatten,  U5*Frt,   n 
)  The  fMrectorate  of  Joint  Services  Support 
urced  respens  it>  i  1  ily  for  the  Code  of  Conduct 
rarian  and  historian  function. 
f   The      Happing,      Charting      and      ueodesy      (MC&G) 
it  inn  nf  thn  nifp^fnrsff.  nf  Targets   <nnnsorpd 
the  Defense  Kapp 
=  of  Personnel  Ma 
Targets  sponsor 
:   and  Geophysif 
19  Agency  ^erosp. 
SB  Tne  ^-^  establ 
development  of  DM 
<    In  April,  the  Visual  Display  Branch  (IHOZD) 
reorganized   and   renamed   the   Audiovisual 
ientations  Division  { I NOV } 
.
Conference 
■hghlights,"  *as  distrStmted  t 
ngence 
nefircg 
for      the      project
:  of  FY1985,  AFIS  t 
manpower  posit 
BHP  In  the  latter  pert  of  the  year,  pers 
the  Special  Studies  Division  (INOA)  participated  in 
preparatory  efforts  for  '  the  SALT*  OEKO 
demonstration  of  air  base  survivability  techniques 
to  take  place  at  Spangdahler  Air  Ease,  Germany, 
1S55. 
of 
(AFIS 
of  Manpower 
INOA  f 
ACS/1' s 
assistant  for  < 
:  (Af/INS)  3F1d  t 
!Ki5P 
|  The  ESAA  Commanders'  Conference 
The   Directorate   of   Targets 
ual  AV-to-Surface  Operational 
jp  at  the  Naval  Air  Station,  Fa!5o
4R§  In  iioveniber,  the  ACS/!  designated  a  team  to 
implement  the  AF/IK-AFIS  reorganisation,  based  on 
the  recommendations  fro®  the  AF1S  Management  Survey. 
On  6  iJeceftber,  the  imp  5  erne  nt  at  Ion  team  was 
disbanded. 
In  November,  the  HUMINT  Liaison  Group  (INOH) 
HB  The  positions  of  director  and  deputy  director 
oi        Seturi  ty   and    Communications   Management 
assistant  and  deputy  assistant  for  Security  and 
Communications  Management  (AFIS/INS). 
AF/IKESt.  was  disestablish led,  and  the  billets 
to  APIS  under  INOL, 
lew  Long  Range  Estimates  01 vision. 
The  ACS/I  directed  the 
iers  '  contact  AFCC  ana  i 
OACS/I  to  have  aFIS 
•mat.ion  systems  organizat 
-sguirements  of  PAD  84-1. 
ion  which  satisfied 
OQu  Directive  1300.7,  "Training 
ieasyres  Necessary  to  Support  the 
fStrtt»v-S't?'S' 
"Requirements  for  Le 
Support  of  the  Code  c 
ot  the  mi  1 i tary  services  the 
vel  E  and  Level  C  Training  in 
KB     The  coriander  o 
tfie  SCS/i's  proposal 
the  AF1S  commander  a 
coriander.    Approva 
period,  effective  31 
f  the  1947th  HSG  concurred  with 
for  designating  the  ACS/I  as 
nd  the  DACS/I  as  the  AF1S  vice 
5  was  for  a  six-month  trial 
January  1985. 
flP  The  uirectorate 
managed  1,365  reserv 
of  Intelligence  Reserve  Forces 
rists:   1,307  assigned  and  53 
3.   This  represented  71  percent 
"nor  ijed  strength  {84  percent
■A  In  December,  the  move  of  the  Directorate  of 
Soviet  Affairs  from  Building  520  to  Building  1304  on 
Boiling  AFS  was  nearly  complete. 
In  December, 
:rve  Forces  rec 
ive  duty  posit 
the  Directorate  of  Intelligence 
;ived  approval  to  convert  existing 
sns   within  the   directorate   to  USC 
DURING  TH£   YEAR: 
"    S£T    Workshop  was 
^B  There  were  25,923  people  who  attended  the 
briefing  presented  by  the  Directorate  of  Soviet 
Affairs  at  43  bases. 
Jfl|     In   coordination  with    the   Headquarters   USA?    and 
Directorate  of  Attache  Affairs  nominated  thirty- 
five  officers  to  the  DIA  -for  service  in  the  Defense 
Attache  System. 
^1  The  Directorate  of  Security  and  Communications 
Manaaement  inspected  all  major  command  SCi  security 
management  offices.  Seventy  SClFs  were  inspected, 
representing  27  percent  of  USAF  SClFs.  As  of 
December,  there  were  280  SCIFs  accredited,  47  of 
which  belonged  to  contractors.
m  The  Directorate  of  Intelligence  Reserve  Forces 
scheouled  over  2,400  annual  and  special  tours.  The 
H,7Z0  san-days  ewm.Uted  to  these  tours  equated  to 
approximately  60  man-years  of  active  force  support 
and  training. 
«|  
Throughout   tfle   year,   the   Directorate   of 
r-sonnei  publicized  intelligence  training  programs 
available  to  intelligence  analysts  and  managers, 
Jfe  AF13  personnel  experienced  seven  reportable 
safety  mishaps. 
|K  Detachment  32,
KISSION 
tfHK  The  overall  mission  of  the  Air  Force  Intelligence 
Service  {^f  IS)  was  to  provide  specialized  intelligence  and 
intelligence  services  to  Headquarters,  United  States  Air  Force 
(USAF)  and  USAF  commanders  worldwide.  AFIS  directed  and 
conducted  designated  intelligence  collection  activities,  processed 
and  disseminated  intelligence  and  intelligence  information,  and 
conducted  programs  designed  to  ensure  that  the  Air  Force  was 
provided  with  intelligence  systems. 1 
i  Concept 
40    «* 
Naticna 1    Security  Act of  1947 ,    as  amended,   empowt 
the  department s  of   th e  government  to 
col  lee 
t,   evaluate,   co 
■tmentat    intelli 
Department   of Uefense 
(D00)     Qirectii it     510D \1     (AFR     55-43) 
ted     the    Air    F 
to 
provide    an    or 
ion    capable    of 
hing    adequate, 
sly. 
intell igence     for     the 
Force     and    to 
intelligence   f 
within    the   DOO. 
AFIS 
:  of 
1 igence    organiz 
established    to 
sat: 
isfy 
these  responsil ;ilitie' 
ORGANIZATION 
m. 
As  of  31  December  1983,  the  AFIS  organization  consisted 
-.aimand  element  with  an  inspector  genera!  and  a  senior 
advisor,  2}  nine  directorates,  3)  seven  special  staff 
the  Air  force  Special  Activities  Center  (AFSAC),  and 
In  April  1984,  the  Logistics,  Division  of  the  Special 
■gnated  Plans,  Programs  and  Logistics  Division. 
Effective  1  October  i984,  the  Operating  Location  {OL}  -F 
AFB,  Florida,  was  abolished,  and  its  functions  and 
were  transferred  to  the  Air  Force  Tactical  Air  Warfare 
f  the  Tactical  Air  Cosnman-d. 
|  Of  the  subordinate  AFiS  units,  the  Air  Force  Special 
es  Center  continued  to  be  the  largest,  consisting  of  three 
if   subordinate  elements:     special   activities   areas,
DEREeTORATE ee soe & aFear AFIS ORGAAIZATIGN CHART (U)3 conta: DIRECTORATE minecroReTE oF oF IsTE aE SECE ATID as APSE RS. PANAGEMEH™ EMCISTED See ‘ADL! SPECLA, STAFF ADHER,STREF, # Drvisier EOE RG Beet caaten oF oPtPAtt Ont INTE BEN De rCTORAT oF Steer. ae ON TERT TODS MAR GESERT ani 08 PERSE oa Aye 6 aPepertne bara OLR TORE BETIS TCS cet Puans, PROLAAY.
AF1S  and  AF/iN  Relationship 
A  APIS  units  continued  to  operate  in  an  interrelated  roie 
to  theTieadquarters,  USAF,  Office  of  the  Assistant  Chief  of  Staff, 
intelligence,  which  was  commanded  by  a  major  general  who  was  the 
assistant  chief  of  staff,  intelligence  (ACS/I). *  His  office 
(AF/1N1  consisted  of  a  command  element,  the  Directorate  of 
Estimates  (INE),  the  Directorate  of  Intelligence  Plans  and  Systems 
(1NY),  and  an  Assistant  for  Joint  Matters  {INJ).= 
SB  The  comander  of  AF1S  (AFIS/CC)  was  a  brigadier  general 
who  was  also  the  deputy  assistant  chief  of  staff,  intelligence 
(DACS/I).6   The  ACS/I  and  the  AFIS/CC  were  collocated  in  the 
Pentagon  and  were  serviced  by  the  same  administrative  support 
personnel  and  equipment.  The  vice  cwwiander  of  AflS  was  a  colonel 
whose  office  was  located  in  the  AFIS  compound  at  Fort  flelvoir, 
Virginia.  Two  AFIS  directorates  were  functionally  subordinate  to 
the  two  AF/II,  directorates:  the  AFIS  Directorate  of  Intelligence 
Data  Management  flND)  to  the  AF/IK  Directorate  of  Intelligence 
Plans  anci  Systems'  HHY),  and  the  AFIS  Directorate  of  Operational 
Intelligence  (1K0)  'to  the  AF/IN  Directorate  of  Estimates  (INE). 
In  varyina  degrees  the  AFIS  directorates  provided  direct  service 
to  both  Af/IH   and  AFIS,  as  did  the  AFIS  Special  Staff. 
PERSONNEL 
Key  Personnel 
*h=  year,  Maj.  Gen.  Janses  C.  Pfaut!  continued 
:hief  of  staff,  intelligence  (ACS/1).  Srig. 
;ontinued  as  both  the  deputy  assistant  chief 
e  (DACS/I)  and  the  commander  of  AFIS.  Col. 
ntinued  as  the  AFIS  vice  commander,  and  Col. 
ied  as  the  colander  of  the  Air  Force  Special 
■SaC).  Col.  Charles  R.  Piver  replaced  Col. 
1e  AFSAC  vice  commander.  Also,  Chief  Master 
sntzler  continued  as  the  AFIS  senior  enlisted 
m Througho ut  t 
Gen.  Paul 
'  h.  hart 
In  c 
of  staff, 
intellii 
jenci 
William  E .  Shermar 
Nick  Yank 
Activitie 
(AF 
William  F 
Sergeant Richard  F 
advisor. 
Kannino  Strength 
AF/IN-SFIS  manpowe 
1  year  19S5  (October  1984  -  September  1935}  the 
AF7I*     AFIS    TOTAL 
OFFICER 
ENLISTEU 
CIVIL1AWS 
TOTAL
Oi.l-1  and   investm 
I    management    (B1K)     budge! 
FtB3         ma 
asi    fair    years,    APIS    i 
+     1250K    +    S1.375K  *  seooi;
12  Operating 
Locations 
SPECIAL  STAFF 
-  AC  -  HO  -  XP    -  DA 
-  CCQ  -   HO   -  PA 
DIRECTORATES 
IM  -  Intel  Data  Mgt 
INT  -  Targets 
INQ  -  Operational   Intel 
IHS   -  Security  &   Coram 
ENh  -  Attache  Affairs 
JPfij   -  Joint  Svs  Support 
INC   -  Soviet  Affairs 
RE     •  Intel  Reserve  Forces 
DP     -  Personnel 
*ICF,   Intelligence  Contingency  Funds 
**IDHS,  Intelliaence  Data  Handling  System  NISSTR,  National 
Intelligence  System  to  Support  Tactical  Requirements;  DALASP, 
Defense  Advanced  Language  and  Area  Studies  Program;  2A,  Quality  of 
Analysis  Proaram. 
IK  SPECIAL  PflOJECTS 
Command  Section 
ICF*(+Gther  WUCOMs/ 
SGAs) 
CHECK  ISLAND 
COBRA  EAR 
COBRA  JUOV 
IDHS**(+Other 
MAJCOMs/SOAs) 
SQFTCOPY 
NISSTR"* 
DUE   for  £W 
DALASP**  QA« 
IN£   -  History  J 
Special  Studies 
AFIS  MflUAGEHEHT  SURVEY 
2S  For  most  of  the  year,  an  AFIS  Management  Survey  was 
underway,  headed  by  the  ACS/l's  special  assistant,  Maj.  Gen.  John 
S.  Patton,  USAFR,  retired.  By  November,  the  survey  had  resulted 
in  significant  proposals  for  reorganizing  AF/1N  and  AFIS.  By 
year's  end,  some  of  the  key  elements  of  the  reorganization  plan 
were  implemented,  some  were  discarded,  and  some  still  were 
actively  being  considered. 
Survey  Team  and  Method 
fl|  On  7  February  1984 ,  Ha j .  Gen.  Pf autz ,  the  ACS/ 1 , 
announced  to  all  AF/1N  and  AFIS  elements  that  he  was  conducting  a 
"management  survey"  of  the  Air  Force  Intelligence  Service.  The 
ACS/I  stated,  "The  purpose  of  this  effort  is  to  take  an  in-depth 
look  at  AfIS,  with  emphasis  on  the  functions  and  responsibilities 
of  the  various  directorates  and  other  key  entities.  I  visualize 
this  survey  primarily  as  a  management  analysis  rather  than  r 
for  reorganization."  The  ACS/i  further  stated  that  his 
assistant,     Kaj.     Gen.     Patton,     would    head    the     survey    team. staff
s  and  AFIS  elements  that  John  S.  Patton  had 
analyses  at  HQ  CINCPAC,  where  he  examined  the 
-,   Pacific,   and  at  the  544th  S1W  at  HQ  SAC.U 
y  team  originally  consisted   of    John  Pattern    and 
AF/INY,     Haj.     John    S.     Golan    and    Capt.     Kevin 
Ijam  B.   Sherman,    the  AFIS  vice  cownander  worked 
teara,     as    did    Colonel    O'Brien    and    It.     Col. 
•N1SSTR,  National  intelligence  System  to  Support  Tactica 
Requirements;  OALASP,  Defense  Advanced  Language  and  Area  Studie 
Program;  QA,   Quality  of  Analysis  Program. 
informed  the  AF/ 
Intelligence  Cent 
two  oTTi 
Thiesen. 
directly 
Lancaster 
Col.  «■ 
The surve 
y  lasted 
from  F 
bruary 
to  October  1984. 
John 
talked 
over  fifty 
personne 
in° AF/IN 
They 
also  s udied  t he  way  the 
elligen 
Sy  October 
ad  formulated 
obser ations 
AFIS 
also  formulated  reorganijg 
tion 
proposal 
to 
raprov 
the  AF/ IN -AFIS 
organij tional 
Structure.  iJ 
findings and  R eorqa 
list  ion Propose s 
flB  On  2  November,  Haj.  Gen.  Patton  presented  a  briefing  for 
the  coitirsanders  of  AFIS  and  AF/IN  directorates  concerning  1)  major 
findings  during  the  isanageraent  survey  and  Z)  proposed  AF/Ifi-AFIS 
organizational  changes.  In  part,  he  presented  the  major  findings 
as  follows: 
AFIS  FRACTURED  ORGANIZATION  FHDH  OUTSET 
-  Organized  in  Haste 
-  Command  Rank  Shifts 
-  Not  a  True  Coavsand 
-  Limit  on  Air  Staff  Billets 
-  Uniqueness  of  AF/IN  -  AFIS 
DIVERSITY:  SUBSTAHCE  AND  LOCATION 
-  Excessive  Span  of  Control 
-  Independent  Fiefdoms 
-  Lack  of  Communication  and  Coordination 
-  Six  Categories  of  AFIS  Entities 
AF/IN  -  AFIS  RELATIONSHIP 
-  Policy  vs.  Management  and  Support 
-  Need  for  Effective  Dual  Hatting 
-  Key  Perceptions 
-  AFSAC  -  AFIS  Roles 
-  Sefvoir  Syndrome
EVERYBODY  IN  PERSGHNFX  BUSINESS 
AIR  STAFF  BOARD  (CieEKSHIP  1HPACT 
NEED  FOR  CONTINUITY 
aspects  of  I 
aspects,      C 
organiiatiot 
JSt 
rt, 
s  AF/IN-AHS  organization.      To  co 
| .       Gen.       Patton       recoraraendeti 
1      structure.  The     proposed     o 
'  AF/IN-AHS 
PROPOSED  QRSftNIZATIQN 
It  VICE  CraUUBIt  IS  BIMLWHt  W 
in  s  tuMuitis  u  « 
iniai  ami 
iam*u 
BHnuaas
sin  Features  of  Reorganization 
£  The  main  features  of  the  proposed  organizi 
AB)  1.  Reduce  the  ACS/I's  unwieldy  span  of 
ver  the  Ar   ""      '   ' 
■I  2-  Designate  the  ACS/I  t 
vingthe  ACS/I  an  AfVIN  "fiat"  and  an  AFIS  "hat". 
flHB  5.  Establish  a  Deputy  for  Operations,  which 
included  the  Directorate  of  Joint  Services  Support  (INU),  the 
Directorate  of  Soviet  Affairs  (INC),  the  Directorate  of 
Targets  (INT),  CC6.Q  imagery  (INOA,  INOP),  Intelligence 
Research  (INOt),  and  the  Operating  Locations. 
eluded 
6.  Establish  a  Deputy  for  Force  Management,  whic 
the  Directorate  of  Attache  Affairs  (m),  th 
:e    of  Intelligence  Reserve  Forces  (HE),  and  th 
:e  of  Personnel  (OP). 
4flff  8.  Dual  hat  the  director  and  deputy  dired 
the  ne*1y  established  Deputy  for  Security  and  Coimwnic 
Management  (INS)  as  the  AF/IK  assistant  for  securit 
coalman  i  cat  ions  management. 
Changes  Implemented 
40*  After  the  Patton  briefing  of  2  November,  sotce  i 
proposed  changes  to  the  AF/IN-AFIS  organization  were  on  the 
being  quickly  accomplished. 
AF/IN-AFIS  Dual-Hatted
5  folic 
i-A* 
AH  Within  AFIS,  the  Directorate  of  Security  and 
ComRsunjcations  Management  {AFIS/IHS)  has  mission 
responsibility  for  management  of  the  Air  Force  SCI 
security  program  and  the  Air  Force  Special  Security 
Office  'SSO)  system.  Operating/support  functions 
performs-  by  this  directorate  are  properly  assigned  at 
the  SOA  level.  However,  AFI5/INS  has  no  counterpart 
within  the  existing  AF/IN  structure.  As  a  result,  the 
Director  and  Deputy  Director  of  AFIS/INS  must  regularly 
perform  Management  Headquarters /Air  Staff  related 
functions  on  behalf  of  the  ACS/1.  This  situation  creates 
serious  problems  in  relationships  with  the  Intelligence 
Community,  HQ  USAF,  and  Air  Force  activities.  AFIS 
personnel  cannot  effectively  represent  the  ACS/I  and  the 
Air  Staff  on  such  matters  while  organizationally 
assigned  to  a  subordinate  level. 
SThe  solution  is  to  establish  a  Security  and 
ations  Management  element  within  AF/IN.  I  am 
prepared  tc  identify  the  necessary  headroom  trade-offs 
but  duplication  of  management  positions  between  AF/IN 
and  AFIS  is  neither  cost  effective  nor  practical  in 
terns  of  trying  to  separate  existing  management 
functions.  What  I  propose  is  a  dual-hatting 
arrangement.  An  "Assistant  for  Security  and 
Communications  Management"  element  fAF/INS)  would  be 
established  within  AF/IN,  consisting  of  two  positions  -- 
one  0-6  and  0-5.  These  same  two  positions  would  be 
dual-hatted  tc  AFIS/INS  so  they  could  continue  to 
ft;  If  ill  their  operating  management  responsibilities. 
The  Security  Program  is  a  high  visibility,  extremely 
sensitive  area  and  this  action  will  satisfy  the  pressing 
requirement  for  IfiS's  key  positions  to  have  proper  A;r 
Staff  credentials. 
ACS/I  and  DACS/i  Dual-Hatted 
the  proposal  to  designate  the  ACS/1  < 
designate  the  DACS/I  as  the  AFIS  vi« 
trial  basis,  effective  31  January  1955.   The  request  was  made  to 
the  1917th  commander  on  the  advice  of  the  AF/^PMFO  and  the  1947 
MSG/MMO  representatives.^6 
^^fe  In  making  the  request  to  have  himself  dual-hatted,  the
4Mb  APIS  because  of  its  highly  specialized  mission 
and  worldwide  Intelligence  support  role.  Is  required  to 
function  under  the  close  technical  direction  and  control 
of  the  principal  Air  Staff  Intelligence  Officer,  the 
ACS/I.  this  Special  relationship  is  institutionalized 
under  a  dual-hatting  arrangement,  one  where  comtsand  of 
the  APIS  is  exercised  from  within  AF/IN.  Currently, 
Brig.  Gen.  Martin,  the  Deputy  ACS/I,  is  dual-hatted  as 
the  APIS  Commander.  This  arrangement  worked  well  until 
this  past  year  when  AF/IN  was  added  to  the  Air  Staff 
Board  (ASB)  as  a  voting  member.  Seneral  Martin,  who 
represents  AF/IN  on  the  ASB,  has  had  to  devote  more  and 
more  of  his  time  to  Board  business  —  obviously  a 
refini 
exist 
AF7IK- 
-AFI5  dual 
• 
)!t 
2& 
uece CS/I 
1934 ,    the    co 
the  DACS/I, Ta 
*    pr 
oposa 
Irralemental 
n  T earn 
AM  By  19  November,  the  ACS/I  had  designated  a  team  to 
implement  the  AF/IK-AFIS  reorganization,  consisting  of  the  ftFIS 
vice  commander  as  chairman,  five  other  primary  members,  and  four 
adjunct  members.  The  ACS/I  approved  an  "Implementation  Team 
Charter,"  which  directed  that  the  implementation  would  be 
completed  by  31  January  1985. I9 
"~ ""  'Ough  the  first  week  of  December, 
■■I  In  the  uteantime,  the  heads  of  the  AF/IN  and 
directorates  considered  the  impending  reorganization,  and 
responded  to  it  with  suggestions  for  "improving  the  reorganiz 
plan.  They  had  been  discussing  the  plan  even  prior  to  Ge 
Patton's  Z  November  briefing,  had  had  lengthy  discussions 
Patton  or  his  representatives,  and  continued  to  discuss  the 
after  it  was  "ori;i_io!ly"  briefed  o 
flM  As  a  result  of  all  the  reassess^ 
rega^nng  the  reorganization  on  6  December 
the  implementation  team  chairasn,  made  a' 
implementation  teas)  members  that  was  both  S'
anticipated.  He  told  them  that  the  ACS/I  had  placed  the  AF/IN- 
AFIS  reorganization  effort  in  a  "hold"  Status,  and  that  the 
implementation  team  was  being  disbanded. 21 
Opposition  to  Proposed  Reorganization 
0/}  Because  Colonel  Sherman  was  the  APIS  vice  commander  and 
implementation  team  leader,  he  was  in  a  good  position  to  watch  as 
implementation  activity  caw  to  a  halt-  In  reflecting  upon  why 
the  original  reorganization  plan  of  Z  November  was  not 
implemented,  he  stated,  "Much  to  General  Pfautz's  surprise  people 
were  'pinging'  on  him  from  every  direction  about  why  this  doesn't 
wort  or  why  that  doesn't  work,  why  that's  a  bad  idea,  etc." 
Colonel  Sherman  continued,  "In  the  words  the  ACS/I  used  to  me  one 
day  about  the  'pinging,'  he  said,  'I  felt  like  I  need  a  tin 
hat. '"22 
0ff  Colonel  Sherman  identified  the  influential  criticism  and 
resistance  as  coming  frora  five  sources:  the  Directorate  of 
Attache  Affairs  (INH),  the  directorate  of  Intelligence  Reserve 
Forces  (RE),  the  Directorate  of  Targets  (INT),  the  Directorate  of 
Estimates  (INE),  and  the  Directorate  of  Intelligence  Plans  and 
Systems  (IN¥).  The  main  criticisms  of  the  reorganization  plan 
centered  on  the  heart  of  the  plan:  1)  the  proposed  Deputy  for 
Force  Management  (FK)  and  2)  the  proposed  Deputy  for  Operations 
(UO).  The  establishment  of  the  Deputy  for  Force  Management  caused 
concern  for  INK,  RE,  and  INY.  The  establishment  of  the  Deputy  for 
Operations  caused  great  concern  for  INT  and  INE." 
Opposition  to  FN 
flB  The  Directorate  of  Attache  Affairs  (INH)  opposed  the 
rapid  establishment  of  the  Deputy  for  Force  Management,  because  of 
the  disruption  and  turmoil  it  would  cause  as  it  drew  heavily  upon 
the  personnel  from  AFIS  and  AF/1N  to  fill-  FH's  seventeen  personnel 
spaces.  The  INH  directorate  suggested  spaces  be  obtained  through 
the  slower  POM  process,  and  in  the  meantime,  a  cadre  from  three  to 
five  personnel  be  formed  to  perform  the  groundwork  necessary  for 
the  establishment  of  mM 
flHp  According  to  Colonel  Sherman,  the  Directorate  of 
InteTHgence  Reserve  Forces  [RE)  perceived  its  incorporation  into 
the  new  Deputy  for  Force  Management  as  a  loss  of  clear-cut  RE 
identity  and  a  loss  of  central  point  of  contact  for  the  reservists 
across  the  country.  The  INY  directorate  saw  the  establishment  of 
AFIS/Fh  as  involving  a  transfer  of  some  functions  from  INY  to 
AFIS,  which  appropriately  belonged  at  the  Air  Staff  level.'3
a  DO 
dK  Also  according  to  Colonel  Sherman,  the  INT  directorate 
perceives  its  incorporation  into  the  Deputy  for  Operations  as  an 
organizational  step  backwards,  since  INT  had  just  recently 
acquired  directorate  status  within  APIS.  The  I HE  directorate 
objected  to  the  Deputy  for  Operations  when  it  looked  as  if  the 
head  of  the  new  Deputy  for  Operations  would  be  a  colonel  with  Air 
Staff  experience  from  INE,  whose  rapid  departure  would  degrade  the 
performance  of  the  INE  mission.  Also,  two  divisions,  INOA  and 
INOI,  were  to  be  functionally  reorganized  from  INO  which  was 
functionally  responsible  to  INE.  The  commander  of  INE  stated, 
"You  can  reorgarme  1N0,  but  I'm   going  to  task  directly  to  those 
Jple."26 
i-  Cuts 
Man  pc 
ft  k  major  difficulty  also  besetting  the  reorganization 
y  was  that  AFIS  was  forced  to  cut  ten  manpower  positions  by 
the  end  of  fiscal  year  1985.  In  the  process  of  reorganizing, 
directorates  were  asked  to  consider  manpower  cuts  and  respond  to 
the  AFIS  vice  commander  with  explanations  of  how  the  manpower  cuts 
would  affect  the  directorates'  mission.  According  to  the  vice 
commander,  "Undermining  the  reorganization  effort,  too,  was  a  fact 
that  by  the  end  of  this  fiscal  year,  AFIS  had  to  take  a  manpower 
cut  of  about  ten  spaces.  So  in  the  process  of  trying  to  force  the 
reorganization,  I  also  tried  to  find  those  ten  spaces  from 
somewhere.  It  was  kind  of  adding  the  extra  straw.  'Hey,  not  only 
are  you  taking  my  function  away,  you  are  going  to  try  to  do  it 
with  less  people.'  It  really  was  too  big  of  a  bite  to  swallow. "'' 
Force  Management  Resuscitated 
flP  The  proposal  for  the  Deputy  for  Operations  was  laid  to 
rest  quite  easily.  The  Deputy  for  Force  Management,  however,  was 
a  concept  and  proposal  that  would  not  pass  quietly  away.  On  20 
December  19S4,  It.  Col.  Lancaster  of  AF/INYR  prepared  a  staff 
sugary  sheet  on  the  establishment  of  an  "AF/IN  Force  Management 
Activity."  The  proposal  and  staff  suiMary  sheet  was  given  wide 
circulation  for  coordination  and  comment.  In  part,  the  proposal 
stated: ee 
4t$  Curing  the  recent  AFIS  management  review, 
GeneraT  Patton's  study  group  recommended  formation  of  an 
AF/IH  Force  Management  Directorate  within  AFIS  which 
would  consolidate  on-going  AFIS  personnel  activities  and 
execute  Air  Force  Intelligence  force  management, 
training  and  career  development  activities.  The 
proposal  recognizes  that  establishment  of  such  an 
organization  has  significant  long  term  benefits  for  Air
Force  Intelligence.  The  propos, 
development  of  Air  Force-wide  po 
this  function  would  regain  an  A 
on  direction  from  the  ACS/I. 
an  Air  Staff 
of  staff 
performed  by 
organization. 
management  at 
regarding 
      .„    ...»  ACS/I   to  postpone 
it ion  of  personnel  functions  presently 
SF IS/DP,  AFIS/INH,  and  AFIS/RE  into  a  new 
However,  the  establishment  of  a  force 
;ivity  responsible  for  execution  of  AF/IfJ 
monitoring      on -going      force      development, 
recotsnendat 
i J 
5y 
»  implemented  a- 
to  the  AFIS  As 
■  i'lities  of  the  ' 
>  new  forci 
5  an  AFIS 
1).    The 
a  management  activity 
directorate  reporting 
:e  Coitraander  {current 
scope  of  eiecution 
orate  will  be  closely 
ill 
:icy 
'veiled 
by  ifJVX 
.   Much  ta elopment  and  training 
.sking  for  development 
cy  and  programmatic 
Exact  procedures  for 
derive 
imoleiri 
al: 
ng  prop 
from  thelcS/IT^H 
related  to  poll 
reside  in  IHYX. 
;uting   policy   an 
implementation  pla 
tions/SOPs/etcj. 
■e  the  initial  cadre  for  m 
ible  for  the  functions  described  a1 
formed  frost  existing  AF/Ifi  -  API! 
affecting  current  operations' 
nal  size  and  configuration  of  tni 
ilve    based    on    the    development    of    : 
of  the  projected  w< 
functions.  In  addit 
many    on-going    activi 
__;eJopment  of  the  revisec 
sment  its  activity,  develop 
I  recramendations  required 
ieveSoping     position     descH 
implement 
tiin  AFIS  -  AF/Iti  , 
and  AFIS  directorates
Year-End  Results 
fl&  The  year  ended  without  the  "heart"  of  the  reorganization 
plan  being  implemented,  that  is,  without  the  establishment  of  the 
Deputy  for  force  Management  and  the  Deputy  for  Operations.  Only 
the  former  was  still  a  viable  proposal. 
In 
s  management  survey  ; 
did  accomplish  the  folio* 
1.  Approval  to  dual-hat  ACS/1  as  the  AFIS  commander 
Z.     Approval  to  dual-hat  OftCS/I  as  the  AFIS  vice  commander 
3.  Approval  to  ciusl-hat  AFIS/INS  -  AF/1NS 
Oecis 
signat 
tflS  i 
SECURITY  WORKING  GROUP
a  result  of  the  security  survey,  the  AF1S  vice 
:aoliShed  an  Information/Physical  Security  Working 
id  By  Colonel  Piver,  the  ArSAC  vice  commander,  to 
fie  recommendations  on  physical  security,  including 
impact   statements,   and  required  action  items. 
the  group  consisted  of  representatives  from  ftFlS/RE, 
'X,   XPL  and  AfSAC/INO,  INX,  and  Oet  21.31 
meeting, 
svsterr,,  < 
removed. 
had  made  headway  in  a 
PROPOSED  LAND  SALE 
officials  at  Fort  B 
;ing  group  met  in  October, 
as  a  tangent  to  the  terrorist  threat 
IS  vice  commander  responded  to  Army 
sir  concerning  the  proposal  to  sell  the 
J.S.  Route  1  and  the  APIS  compound.   The
Priority  C  level,  AFR  207 -1,  which  required  the  abilit 
s  Of 
intercepting  and  neutralize 
ntrusion  into  the  ar 
ea,34 
F  The  vice  comtndar 
expl; 
nned  the  following: 
HB  Previously,  t 
siserations,  the  es 
e  of  the  internal  security 
ns tent  public  traffic  near  the 
pound  which  allows 
maintain  a  low  profile,  we 
e  not  felt  a  compel! ing  n eed  to  employ  the  additional 
urity  measures  of  ai 
of  land  was  no  longer  under 
direct  control  of the  Federal  Government,  we  would 
her  levels  of  secur ity  w 
d   off   the   incre* iVcrei possibility  of   pilferage, 
ectly  targeted  for 
espii wage.   An  upgrade  to  the 
INSPECTOR  GENERAL 
MISSION 
^£  The  Office  a 
to  the  A"  IS  commander 
inspection,  safety,  ir 
AFIS.    It  reported 
flB  On  26  November  1984,  Lt.  Col .  William  fi :.  Burton  replace 
It.  Col.  C.  Wayne  Eurridge,  who  retin id  from  the 
Col.  Surton  was  previously  assigned 
IS  Directorate  e 
Security  and  Communications  Management. ,  Pentagon. 
On  15  December 
Kaj.  James  C,  Jacoway  assumed  response hility  as  s in  AFIS  inspector 
replacing  Maj .  Raymond  C.  Compton,  wh o  left  the 
IG  office  on  '• 
July  to  retire  frois_  the  Air  Force. 
The  adm inistrativs  KCOI
Management  effectiveness  Inspections 
i  Management  Effectiveness  Inspections  (MEIs)  were 
'  AFIS  subordinate  organizations  every  eighteen  to 
twenty-four  months.  These  inspections,  conducted  according  to  AFR 
123-1,  "The  Inspection  System, *  examined  all  aspects  of  the 
activity's  function.  This  included  inspecting  organizational 
leadership  and  management  as  they  were  reflected  in  mission  and 
functional  area  performance,  installation  support,  "people" 
programs,  service  to  users,  and  compliance  with  directives. 
During  198<i,  MEIs  were  conducted  at  the  following  locations  (the 
tings  indicated  were  for  "overall  aanageffient"):3° 
Int« 
I igence  Oversight  Inspect! 
^■1  The  AFIS/IG  monr 
that  "Af'IS  complied  with 
Intelligence  Activities." 
task  during  Management  Effe 
activities  governed  by  1 
Defense  Regulation  5240.1-1 
000  Intelligence  Corapi 
3)  AFR   123-3,   "Inte' 
"Conduct  of  Intelligence  «cf 
red  intelligence  oversight  to  ensure 
ecutive  Order  12333,  "United  States 
"he  inspector  general  performed  this 
:iveness  Inspections  by  observing  unit 
Executive  Orders,  2)  Department  of 
"Procedures  Governing  Activities  of 
■nts  That  Affect  United  States  Persons," 
igence  Oversight."   and  <S)  AFR   200-13,
HB  During  1984,  the  AFIS/IG  conducted  oversight  inspections 
during  each  of  the  five  ME  I  inspections,  ^g^gggggggggg^ 
^^^^HHJHBBp^tS^aua^e^th^I^prepared  reports  of 
oversight  inspection  activities  and  forwarded  thetis  to  HQ  Air  Force 
Inspection  and  Safety  Center/IGEJl,  Norton  AFB,  California,  in 
accordance  with  AFR  £00-19,  "Conduct  of  Intelligence  Activities. 
These  reports  listed  current  activities  and  proposed  future 
inspections.^ 
Over-the-Snoulder  Inspections 
flh  Over-the-Shoulder  Inspections  (OTSI)  were  inspections 
performed  by  the  AFIS/IG  during  an  AF1S  organization's  self- 
inspection  program.  Evaluations  included  mission-oriented 
inspection  standards,  checklist  utilization,  and  team  management . 
Tne  AFIS/1&  performed  OTSIs  during  1984  at  the  following  AF3S 
elements  and  made  the  following  overall  ratings:"6 
1.  4H|P».  30-31  'W  1954  -  The 
Raymond  Conpton,  anci  the  overall  rating  was 
S.^BJUt,  15  May  1984  -  The  inspector  t 
Wayne  Burridge,  and  the  overall  rating 
h.  ^jlBBBfc,  6  June  1984  -  The  inspector., 
Raymond  Compton,  and  the  overall  rating  * 
7.  ^HHB.  28  June  1984  -  The  inspector  was  L^_Col. 
Kaj. 
Raymond  Compton,
14  „  August  19Sa  -  The  inspector 
fWM  P 
0K/k  Curing  the  year,  AFIS/IG  implemented  within  the 
compound,  AHi  123-2,  "Air  Force  Fraud,  Waste,  and  Abuse  (FW&A) 
Prevention  and  Oetection."  In  conjunction  with  this  program, 
AFIS/IG  publicized  FK&A  information  to  all  AFIS  elements.  The 
office  sent  monthly  reports  on  AFIS  FW&A  prevention  activities  to 
HQ  AFISC/CSX,  Norton  AFB,  California,  and  later  to  HQ  USAF/IGQ, 
the 
Occupational     Safety    < 
ispector    general    prepared    seasonal    safety    letters 
;  and  distributee  ground  safety  information  to  all  flfIS 
■olHng  AF~     Fort  Belvoir,   and  the  Pentagon.60 
iFIS 
uffer 
"ing 
TTPF OF   INJUR* 
Col. injured 
off- 
ing  witn 
iSJURY/DAMGE 
COST 
SI  530
TYPE  OF  1HJURT 
SSgt-  injured 
Claying  racquetoall, 
off-duty 
IWJURT/OWft&E 
PAYS  LOST      COST 
1        Size 
Lt.  Col-  injured 
playing  Softball, 
off-duty 
Maj.  injured 
working  on  patio, 
off-duty 
SSgt.  injured 
playing  basketbal 1 
off-duty 
'he  inspects 
year,  and 
AFS  123-11 
Inspector  General  Compla 
WIS  SENIOR  EHUSTED  ADVISOR 
SEiP  fane! 
4HBBI  E,'ts9t  Richard  Hi  Santzler 
Intelligence  Program  (SEIP)  panel  on  3 
Center  determined  that  seven  were  ii 
restrictions.  The  panel  considers' 
breadth  and  depth  of  experience  in 
military  education,  college  grades, 
February  1984.   Twenty-five 
eligible  due  to  assignment
CMSAF  Selection  Procedures 
4H  Also  in  February,  Chief  Gantzler  surveyed  all  the  chiefs 
in  AF/Ifi  and  AFIS  about  the  draft  proposal  from  the  chief  master 
sergeant  of  the  Air  Force  (CHSAF)  concerning  CM5AF  selection 
procedures.  The  major  issue  raised  was  with  the  mandatory  in- 
residence  requirement  for  USAF  Senior  NCO  academy  completion. 
After  giving  it  long  thought,  the  chief  recommended  that  the  in- 
M      In  Kay,  the  c :Mef 
informed  AF/S a    and  AFIS  perse 
why  they had  so. few  al locations  for professional  mil i 
!Z  IV 
tatec":" 
•  u  le 
years  with 
fw  allocations 
*lp9SMket 
be  bette 
up  for '"the"' people  who 
have  ^fssed^the 
.ppartunUy 
it  happened: 
Since  we  don't 
m  P«£  cei 
it   had  to  rely 
quotas. 
Neith er  we  nor  WZ hid  any  leverage 
we  got  a  fail ■  amount  —  until 
Now  MPC 
lave  ec.ua 1  opportunity.   Our  opportunity  rate 
or  R&5  is ;  right  bj 
n,  tn  close  , ;ontact  with  our 
ocal  Pfr.    t 
id  get ting  any  slots 
.   SMSgt  £d  Masek  t jill  represent  us 
.t  the  PKi 
conferen ce  th is  sumraer  and get  to  know  the 
■H  Throughout  the  year.  Chief  Santzler  raade  trip: ;  to  Air 
j  intelligence  organizations  to  learn  about  the 
working 
itions,  living  conditions,  and  concerns  of  the  enliste 
Iso  wanted  to  "show  the  flag"  indicating,  by  his  pre 
•rn  for  the  welfare  of  the  enlisted  force  by   the  leade :rship  in 
ington.   He  made  trips  to  various  locations  in  COWS, 
Europe, 
the  Pacific.   Some  of  the  topics  he  discussed  and  rep 
as  follows:   assignments;  delays  in  receiving  els 
ited  recognition;  "renonning"  general  AQc  scores  for 
the  201
airman  performance  ratings,  and  intelligence  training  courses.™ 
End  of  Tour  Report 
■B  Chief  Gantzler  was  scheduled  to  retire  from  the  , 
Force  on  1  February  1985.  On  31  December,  he  *rote  his  end- 
tour  and  end-of-career  report.  In  his  first  item  he  stated 
following  to  the  leaders  of  AF/IN  and  AFIS:»7 
the  people  in  the  Air  Force  Intelligence  Service  and.  in 
fact,  the  people  throughout  the  Air  Force  respond  in  a 
positive  way  to  leadership  from  you  gentlemen.  They 
respond,  that  is,  if  they  know  what  it  is  you  want  and 
need.  Therein  lies  the  problera.  Most  often,  the  rank 
and  file  don't  know  what  direction  you  are  headed  in; 
they  don't  get  the  word,  or,  when  they  do,  it  is 
garbled.  The  problem,  as  I  see  it,  is  that  we  have  a 
very  large  coisanuni  cat  ions  gap  below  the  director  level. 
People  aren't  made  to  feel  they  are  part  of  the  overall 
organization,  we  have  separate  fiefdoms  to  which  people 
ting    the   work 
md    talk  in' 
iave    opened    u| 
Vsed* 
!i 
I 
nes    of    c 
3eSctfvePrD"™ 
t  with" 
he     Air     I 
jse  I  represented  the ACS /I. 
SOLUTION:      CV, ,   CCq, CCr 
,    and  CHS 
CMS 
lligence     acti' vities 
rid     wide. 
esiphasued  (probably  best  handled  in  staff  meeting  and 
letter]  that  the  CCQ,  CCF,  and  CKS  represent  the  AFIS 
■  the  ACS/I.   Additionally.  * 
specks t    for    AFIS,     U je   enlisted/officer   Christmas    pa 
CMS   of  fie 
front  office.      He  concluded  by 
have    rect ;ived    outstand- ing    support    from    you    gentlemen
7 4) E97 eee oe Giuresr Bowes Genre! Cayt B Martin, Oaguty Mes serant Creer of Sesto, Met egemeo. afd Camumier of the Air Farce inte! teqanre Service
® Colonel Willian 8. Sherman, Vice Comnander of the Air Force mte}Tigence Service
Colonel Nick Yankowski, Commander of the Air Force Special ctivities Center
I  Major  General  James  C.  PfauU,  Assistant  Chief  of  Staff,
Gigi Arenare O Gontslor, Senrar Colietes Agvrea of cho Ser Sarco tote! ligence Sure see
a Aerial Photograph OY"ERE"AYF Force Intelligence Service Compound focated at Fort Belvotr, Virginia.
DIRECTORATe  OF  OPERATIONAL  !NTELU6ENCE 
MISSION 
«The  Directorate  of  Operational  Intelligence  (AFIS/1NO) 
the  Air  Force  with  all-source  intelligence  that  pertained 
to  or  affected  U.S.  Air  force  policies,  resources,  mission,  or 
force  deployment,  on  a  worldwide  basis.  Some  examples  of  the 
intelligence  functions  1N0  provided  are  the  following:  analysis 
of  indications  of  potential  hostile  activities  against  the  United 
States  or  its  allies;  analysis  of  current  air  operations;  trends 
and  implications  of  current  worldwide  developments;  evaluation  of 
aerospace  related  signals  intelligence  (SISINT)  to  determine 
capabilities,  vulnerabilities,  and  trends  of  foreign  aerospace 
forces;  liaison  with  the  other  services  and  000  and  non-DOD 
government  agencies  on  matters  that  pertained  to  operational 
intelligence  and  SIGINT  evaluation;  and  technical  authority  in 
intelligence  matters  related  to  operational  support  and  defense 
analysis.! 
ORGANIZATION 
flb  The  Directorate  of  Operational  Intelligence  (INO)  was 
operationally  responsible  to  the  Directorate  of  Estimates 
(AF/INE),  while  the  AFIS  organization  provided  administrative 
support.  At  the  end  of  the  year,  the  1N0  directorate  consisted  of 
six  units  five  of  which  were  divisions:  1)  Special  Studies 
Division  {INOAJ,  located  at  the  Washington  Navy  Yard,  2)  Long 
fiango  Estimates  Division  (INOL),  located  at  Boiling  AFS, 
3)  Intelligence  Research  Division  (INOI),  located  in  the 
Friendship  Annex  of  the  National  Security  Agency,  near  the 
Baltimore-Washington  Internationa!  Airport,  4)  Aerospace 
Intelligence  Division  (INOZ),  located  at  the  Pentagon, 
5}  Audiovisual  Presentation  Division  (INOU),  located  at  the 
Pentagon  and  Fort  Belvoir,  and  6)  Human  Resources  Intelligence 
(HUKINT)  Liaison  Group  (1NESM)  consisting  of  just  two  staff 
roerabers,  located  at  Fort  Belvoir.2 
REORSANIZATION  ACTIVITY 
•The  C¥8<5  History  for  INOI  is  in  Annex  A  to  this  history, 
annex  which  is  on  file  in  the  SC1F  used  by  AFIS/HO. 
included  are  portions  of  the  INOA  and  INOZ  Histories.
(ISOA)  absorbed  the  Imagery  Research  Division  (INOP).  The 
reorganized  INOh  division  consisted  of  three  units:  Administra- 
tion, Imagery  Support,  and  Denial  and  deception.  For  the  first 
part  of  the  year,  INOfl  was  split  into  two  geographical  locations. 
The  imagery  analysts  were  situated  on  the  fifth  floor  of  the 
National  Photographic  Interpretation  Center  (NPIC)  at  the 
Washington  Navy  Vard,  and  the  non-imagery  personnel  were  located 
in  Building  SZO,  Boiling  AFB.  In  September,  the  organization  was 
physically  united  as  both  elements  occupied  new  spaces  on  the  NPIC 
first  floor.  The  new  INOA  area  was  officially  opened  14  Noveiaber 
19S4.3 
9  Effective  1  December  1984,  AF/INEGL  was  disestablished, 
billets  and  personnel  were  realigned  to  AFIS  under  INOL, 
the  new  Cong  Range  Estimates  Division.  The  duty  location  of  INOL 
remained  at  Boiling  AFB/ 
4|  during  April  1984,  the  Visual  Display  Branch  (IMED)  was 
(INQV)  and  organized  into  three  branches,  one  located 
Eelvoir  and  two  at  the  Pentagon.  One  of  the  Pentagon  branc..—  .... 
devoted  principally  to  the  ACS/I 's  morning  Current  Intelligence 
Briefing.  The  reorganization  allowed  INOV  to  add  five  additional 
personnel  to  its  staff,  two  civilian  positions  at  grade  6S-11  and 
three  military  E~6  positions.  The  additional  billets  were  in 
accordance  with  the  ACS/I's  initiatives  to  reconstruct  his  Current 
'-'■"■■   »-IJI"-  —- '  '-  support  additional  requirements  from 
VB  0n  3  A"3"St  1984,  the  Aerospace  Intelligence  Division 
(INOZ),  which  had  lost  the  INOZD  Graphics  Branch  when  it  became 
the  1N0U  division,  created  a  new  branch.  Executive  Intelligence 
(IJWZE1  6  Thus  INOZ  continued  to  be  composed  of  three  branches: 
Briefing  Branch  (INOZA),  Intelligence  Watch  (INOZC),  and  Executive 
Intelligence  (INQZE).7  The  rationale  for  the  creation  of  INOZE 
was  as  follows:**  * 
4t  ir»  September  19B3,  the  ACS/I  directed  the 
publication  of  a  new  daily  intelligence  product  —  the 
Air  Force  Intelligence  Morning  Highlights.  INcR  tasked 
two  personnel,  a  LTC/8075  and  a  SSgt/702  to  produce  this 
new  document.  IKE  subordinated  these  personnel  to  the 
Regional  Estimates  Division  (1NER).  These  individuals 
were  also  given  responsibility  for  developing  and 
maintaining  AF/IN-AFIS  Threat  Briefings  to  be  given  by 
the  ACS/1,  D/ACSI,  and  others  in  the  AF/IN-AFIS 
hierarchy.  It  was  soon  evident  neither  the  rank  (LTC) 
nor  the  subordination  to  INER  was  appropriate  for  these 
tasks  and  a  captain  was  drawn  from  IN02A  to  replace  the 
LTC.    INTER  is  an  analytical  division,  not  usually
. dinated  to  1NQZ,  the  division  responsible  for  the 
production  "process"  and  for  producing  AF/IN's  key 
intelligence  product,  the  Air  Force  Intelligence  Daily. 
While  the  'Highlights"  product  and  the  Threat  Briefing 
draw  support  from  INGZA  (Editing  and  Briefing  Branch) 
and  INOZC  (Intelligence  Alert  Branch),  and  are  logically 
the  domain  of  1N0Z,  they  are  so  unique  in  timing  and 
design  that  their  creation  and  maintenance  require  a 
separate  organijaticn.  Personnel  assets  to  create  the 
branch  will  be  drawn  from  existing  INE  billets:  Kaj 
8075  WBt  004583,  Capt  807S  UMDf  005082  and  SSgt  702506 
UMD#  003965.  Creation  of  the  new  branch  will  streamline 
directorate  and  division  control  over  the  new 
Intelligence  products;  provide  more  appropriate 
authority  for  the  author  of  these  products,  and 
facilitate  assigning  manpower  to  this  important 
function. 
4B  In  late  November  and  December  1984,  INOM,  the  HUHlfJT 
1S83  when  personnel  assigned  to  it  were  assigned  to  other  billets. 
The  General  Defense  Intelligence  Programs  (GD1P),  however,  allowed 
for  new  personnel  to  fill  the  officer  and  enlisted  slots  which 
formed  WOH,9 
4B  The  INOH  group  was  to  provide  an  "interface"  between 
AF/IN-AFIS  analysts  and  the  Air  Force  Special  Activities  Center 
(AFSAC).  According  to  a  draft  memorandum  of  agreement  between  the 
commander  of  AFSAC  and  the  director  of  Estimates  (IKE),  the  INOh 
nsure  analysts  needs  i 
wily  feasible 
5)  Coordinate  analysts  participation  in  HUMINT  collect 
6)  Research
10}  Serve  ; 
HAJCGMs  and  Un 
reporting 
r  Force  representative  on  the  SEEK  Analysis 
■I  Col-  Richard  J.  Q'lear  continued  as  the  director  of  the 
Directorate  of  Estimates  (AF/INE),  and  Col.  Charles  G.  Shankland 
continued  as  the  deputy  director.  The  AF/1NE  had  operational 
control  of  the  Directorate  of  Intelligence  Operations.  Lt.  Col. 
Christopher  Maniscalco,  the  head  of  the  Special  Studies  division 
(1N0A),  retired  from  the  Air  Force  effective  7  May  and  was 
replaced  by  Lt.  Col.  Robert  K.  Tiernan.  Lt.  Col.  William  R. 
Hudson  replaced  Lt.  Col.  Richard  L'Heureux*  as  chief  of  the 
Aerospace  Intelligence  Division  [INQZ).  Lt.  Col.  Gerald  Donovan 
was  chief  of  the  INOI  division,  having  replaced  Lt.  Col.  Charles 
T,  Cheek.  Lt.  Col.  Thomas  Grtsuer  replaced  Lt.  Col.  Gary  Potter  as 
chief  of  the  INOL  division.  Capt.  Sherill  A,  Hutchenson  was  the 
last  chief  of  InOP  before  it  merged  into  INOA.  Mr.  Kenneth 
Caldwell  was  the  chief  of  the  new  Audiovisual  Presentation 
Division  flNOV),  having  been  the  chief  of  the  INDZD  branch  from 
Manning  Strength 
fl|  As  of  December  1984,  the  authot 
was  "oliows: 
AUTHORIZED* 
ized  strength  of  AFIS/INO 
OFFICERS 
ENLISTED 
CIVILIANS 
TOTAL 
"These  figures  do  not  include  the  AFIS  billets  in  AF/INEG 
(AFIS/INQZBEG),  AF/INEK  (AFIS/IJWZiSEKJ,  AF/INER  (AFIS/IWQZBER),  or 
AF/INET  (AF1S/INOZBET).  They  do  include  figures  for  AFIS/INOA, 
INOL  INCH  lltOt,  IfiOIA,  IN0I8,  INOIC,  INOJ  (Belvoir),  IKOU 
Pentagon),  INGZ,  INOlk,    IHOIS,    and  INOZE.12
SPECIAL  STUDIES 
■I  If*  Special  Studies  Bivision  (AFIS/INQA)  was  the  Air 
Forceexecutive  agent  and  the  ACS/I's  designated  representative 
for  eH-source  analysis,  reporting,  and  intelligence  production  on 
all  foreign  denial  and  deception  (B&S).*  It  provided  support  to 
the  *ir  Force,  the  intelligence  community,  and  the  National 
Comm4  Authority  on  issues  concerning  DM  and  provided  M.D 
materials  and  information  to  the  major  commands.  It  provided 
tailored  Imagery  analysis  and  exploitation  products  for  use  in 
preparing  Air  Force  intelligence  estimates.  Interagency 
intelligence  memoranda,  and  long-range  analyses  and  assessments 
regarding  enemy  aerospace  force  capabilities  or  systems 
deployments.   It  also  coordinated  with  the  Air  Training  Cemaand  t 
,J,.  ,-,....  c    -.-in-   ' — i-  -.*«■■.  -"-rent  BID  t   
f  and  deception"  (D&O)  repl 
ilissnt,  and  deception"  (CMO), 
■t,  29  Aug  84.  This  was  done  t 
,age  during  th-e  initial  work  on 
Committee  (BuAC)  and  the  wides;
ie^ffo Concerning  the  "flaw  factor,"  Major  Townsend  explained 
iing:  "There  were  two  problems  articulated  concerning 
■  factor.'  The  first  questioned  whether  the  flaws  noted 
in  soviet  strategic  DSD  programs  were  not  in  fact  intentional. 
The  response  notes  the  flaws  detected  were  flaws.  The  second 
objection  noted  that  by  definition  an  onflawed  deception  would  not 
be   detected.       It    is   possible   this    is   occurring  presently.      There
ninati n  of  0&0  Informatic 
4B    Throughout     the     year, 
presented    briefings    and    participated Special  Studies  Division 
jsslons  with  the 
purpose  of  "resensitiiing"  the  U.S.  intelligence  conmunity  and 
policy-makers  to  foreign  D&D  activity.  The  INOA  division 
considered  itself  the  leader  within  the  intelligence  comminity 
concerning  denial  and  deception  matters.  The  following  are 
examples  of  IHOA's  efforts  to  influence  thinking  about  and  . 
-   --s  of  0£D  activity.29
r—  AFIS/INtoi  is  supported  by: 
-  EIA  (Intelligence  products,  access 
D1AQLS/CQ1NS,  especial  \y  CAMCON,  printinc 
tisns,  and  imagery  reproduction) 
-  NSA  (Intelligence  products,  acce- 
especially  SOUS) 
-  CIA  (Intelligence  products) 
-  NPIC  (Imagery,  intelligence  product 
3  N0S1 
-  AFSAC    (Int 
>nce  reports  and  HUM  NT  tasking) 
AFIS/INOA's  products: 
he  primary 
-  ACS/I  anti  iw 
-  USAF  MAJC0«j 
-  USaF   intelligence   schools 
-  Af  Combat  Survivability  Steering  Group 
-  Combined  Arms  Corafrat  Development 
-  D6D  Technical  Review  Group
*SSk' 
■  representatives  from  INOA  also  briefed 
at  the  3480th  Technical  Training  School 
at  Goodfellow  AFB,  Texas,  the  3420  Technical  Training  Group,  Lowry 
AFB  Colorado  and  the  United  States  ftir  Force  Academy.  At  the 
technical  training  facilities,  the  INOA  personnel  assisted  with 
developing  and  infusing  O&D  material  into  school  and  training 
prograrr.  curricula.^
,  Capt.  Sherrili  A.  Hutchinso 
pace   Center,   Houston,   Texa 
ce.   This  office  was  responsib 
■n  board  shuttle  missions.  I' 
imagery  requirements  for  eacf 
•-■■■--'--    -stronauts, 
alogir 
Jistrit 
Captain  hutchinsori  wet  with  the"  manager  of  the  Space  Shuttle  Earth 
Observation  Project  and  an  Array  major  who  was  a  NASA  astronaut. 
She  was  given  ample  opportunity  to  review  imagery  taken  on  four 
shuttle  missions.    Most  shots  were  of  cloud  or  geological 
formation; j ;    howsVer, 
„"  ta 
■ere    goad    enough    to   do   orde 
ir-of-oattle 
lach     as      i 
ips.         She     selected     fourteen     shots, 
sorr.e    of    1 :he    Pers ian    Gu3f,    Red    Sea,    Strait 
of    Horrauz, 
which    cou Id    be   of 
morning    briefings.        In    addition,     she 
received   . 
imagery 
catalogs   for  previous   missi 
for  future  missions. IS 
IMA  plaw >d  on  distr ibution 
Preparatic in  for  SALT ¥  OtMO 
irt    of     the    year,     personne 
Special    S 
In     the     ii stter     pi 
1     from    the 
tudies    Div is  ion   pa ir-ticipated    in    preparatory 
efforts    for 
the  SALTY DEK3   demonstratio a    of   air  base  survivability 
lace  at  Spa 
■  Air  Base,    Germany,    E9  Apr 
U   -  17   Nay 
I98S.      The  demonstra 
;   to  consist  of  air  attacks 
(FB-1U,  F- 
it,    A-10, 
and    F-16).     qrour sd    attacks    (Special    Forces 
Spetina; 
required    responses.        The 
demonstrated    were    to    di: 
Component! s   of   the :    D&D    scheme  were   to  be   the 
■   following: 
camouflage,      false 
ng      surfaces,      decoys,      ra 
reflector: 
;i6  '""  • 
ce,    and    tactical    deception 
base    level 
practices, 
4Bfc The   Specie ii    Studi es    Division    critiqued    the 
"SALTY    Dim 
Test    Pian ,"    "Hq    USAFE/DOXS 
Plan    XXX    SALTY    DEMO    ES," 
and    "SALTY
DEMO  85  CC&D  Milestones,"  and  established  direct  contact  with 
SALTY  DEMO  planners.  By  November,  Major  Townsend  of  INOA  was  able 
to  report  the  following:  "Ttie  SALTY  DEMO  CCS.D  Demonstration 
appears  on-track  and  well-conceived."  At  that  time  INOfl  was 
considering  supporting  SALTY  DEMO  by  providing  a  video  briefing  of 
world-wide  denial  and  deception  associated  with  air  base 
lity. 
.47 
USAFE. 
On  23  November,  Major  Townsend  noted,  "SALTY  SEMO  will 
the  Tactical  Air  Force  and  we  will  loot:  good  1f  we  do 
:  also  noted,  "In  a  conversation  with  a  recent  USAFE/INGA 
denial  and  deception  is  an  extremely  low  priority  at 
t  basically  is  not  worked.  1  personally  believe  that  if 
t  the  CAMCOfi*  data  base  really  on-line,  MAJCOMs  will  be 
ore  efficiently  incorporate  D50  into  their  intelligence 
Presently,   it  simply  requires  too  much  research 
AFIS  RESERVE  SUPPORT 
to  ■ 
The  c 
-elying  c 
jility  in  developing  the  Denial  and  Deception  Data  Base 
(CAKCON}.  In  July,  the  reserve  Detached  Training  Sites  (DTSs) 
involved  with  D£D  activity  were  DTS  4.  Lowry  AFB,  Colorado,  DTS-6, 
Dover  AFB,  Delaware,  DTS  8,  Glenview  NAS,  Illinois,  and  OTS  25, 
Bergstroffi  AF3,  Texas.  The  division  increased  its  requirement  for 
reservists  or  individual  mobilization  augmentees  (IMAs),  with  the 
goal  of  eventually  creatine  a  OTS  devoted  to  AFIS/INGA  support. 
There  were  several  false  starts  in  1S84,  but  the  division  foresaw 
eventual  benefits  and  was  expected  to  continue  its  efforts 
regarding  reserve  support  into  1985. ^ 
COKTRACT  RESEARCH 
»The  Special  Studies  Division  continued  to  fund  research 
through  the  Federal  Research  Division  of  the  Library  of 
Congress  and  the  Arnold  Engineering  Development  Center,  fit  the 
former,  the  focus  of  study  was  on  Soviet  concepts  of  camouflage, 
concealment,  and  deception,  fit  the  latter,  the  focus  was  on  the 
analysis  of  camouflage,  concealment  andn  deceptio 
sifie 
facil 
j  Soviet 
n  50
DATA  AUTOMATION  SUPPORT 
4B  To  increase  analyst  efficiency,  AFiS/INOA  planned  data 
and  office  automation  initiatives  for  fiscal  year  1985.  The 
Automated  Message  Handling  Systeis  (AHHS)'  was  planned  for 
installation   in  1985.    The   word  processing   inventory  was 
increased,   and  the  unit  stated  a  requirement  for  desk  top 
computers.   Also  during  the  year,  the  division  sketched  out  its 
data   automation   "5-year   plan"   to   impose  coherence  on  its 
acquisition  program.5": 
WEEKLY  ACTIVITY  REPORTS 
0/}  Starting  1  Kay  1984,  the  division  began  printing^  a 
weekly  activity  report  as  one  way  to  inform  ths  new  division 
commander  about  the  activities  and  projetts  of  division  personnel. 
The  reports  were  continued  to  establish  a  data  base  of  historical 
information.  53 
AEROSPACE  IKTELUG£«GE 
■B  The  Aerospace  Intelligence  Division  continued  to  produce 
and  disseminate  the  Air  Force  Intelligence  Daily  message  (AFIB) 
and  numerous  special  messages  on  a  regular  basis.'' 
^P    The      s  i  i -member 
officer 
te   Air    Fi 
staff      of 
intelligence 
jrce   on   behalf 
the      In 
'   of    the
chief  of  staff,  intelligence  (ACS/I),  The  briefers  also  provided 
current  intelligence  presentations  to  senior  Air  Staff  agencies, 
with  the  Air  Force  Surgeon  Genera!  and  the  Air  Force  Directorate 
of  Plans  being  added  in  October  and  December  of  this  year, 
respectively.  The  United  Kingdom  and  Australian  Liaisons  also 
continued  to  receive  briefings  by  INOZA.55 
0/f  Manning  the  branch  twenty-four  hours  a  day  during  the 
duty  week,  the  briefers  were  responsible  not  only  for  editing  and 
planning  items  to  be  briefed,  but  also  for  determining,  procuring, 
and  interrogating  the  graphic/video  support  that  complements  the 
script.  INOZA  compiled  the  items  sent  to  the  Senior  Intelligence 
Officers  in  the  major  commands  and  special  operating  agencies 
throughout  the  Air  Force  and  conducted  briefings  on  pertinent 
intelligence  developments  specially  directed  by  the  ACS/I. 
Examples  of  briefings  requested  by  the  ACS/i  were  as  follows:  a 
special  briefing  on  European  nuclear  force  improvement  programs 
for  an  officer  bound  for  an  assignment  as  assistant  defense 
attache  for  the  United  Kingdom;  a  "Global  Challenge"  briefing  for 
distinguished  civilian  visitors;  a  "Soviet  Threat"  briefing  for 
the  National  Guard  unit  in  Nashville,  Tennessee;  and,  in  a  joint 
effort  with  AFAO,  a  special  briefing  on  Afghanistan  for  the  chief 
of  staff  of  the  Air  Force.56 
Intel  licence  WATCH 
AP  The  Air  Force  Intelligence  WATCH  was  a  twenty-four  hour, 
seventy  a  week  operation  primarily  responsible  for  apprising  the 
ACS/ 1  and  the  AF/Ifi-AFIS  staff  of  fast-breaking  intelligence 
events.  Two  notable  changes  in  the  MATCH  during  the  year  were  the 
completion  of  the  process  to  man  the  WATCH  by  an  all-officer  cadre 
and  the  addition  of  a  sixth  WATCH  officer  billet.  As  of  December, 
the  permanent  six-sseffiber  cadre  consisted  of  four  second 
lieutenants  and  two  captains,  all  occupying  captain  billets.  A 
tour  of  duty  in  the  WATCH  was  approximately  one  year.=' 
HP  The  requirement  for  another  ^permanent  WATCH  officer 
became  necessary  during  the  summer  in  order  to  man  the  Air  Force 
Liaison  desk  in  the  National  Military  Intelligence  Alert  Center 
(N«1C)  in  the  Defense  Intelligence  Agency,  Pentagon.  For  a  five- 
week  period  every  six  months,  permanent  HATCH  officers  rotated 
through  the  NMIC.  The  representative's  responsibilities  included 
the  following:  ensured  designated  intelligence  products  (cables, 
supplements,  appraisals,  summaries,  and  dacoms)  were  received  by 
the  WATCH  for  rapid  dissemination;  ensured  significant  messages, 
received  hoys  earlier  through  the  NSS  (HMIC  Support  System),  were 
sent  to  analysts  (Af/IJIER)  for  timely  appraisal;  obtained  the  OIA 
COCS  briefing  agenda  for  INE  and  INEK;  attended  1NE  production 
meetings  daily;  and  aided  in  processing  badge  requests.  During 
crisis  situations,  the  Air  Force  rtfUC  representative  was  able  to
help  monitor  the  situation  as  it  unfolded  in  the  Alert  Center, 
thus  supporting  the  WATCH  and  INER  analysts  with  up-to-the-minute 
details  which  might  otherwise  have  reached  the  WATCH  hours  later. 
With  the  NSS  capability,  messages  were  easily  retrieved  for  INER 
analysts,  and,  with  access  to  other  OIA  analysts,  the 
representative  often  helped  in  the  OIA-AFIN/INER  analyst 
Interface.  Finally,  during  their  Liaison  Officer  tours,  HATCH 
officers  dealt  with  JS-I  and  alert  center  analysts,  were  able  to 
tour  the  Collection  Coordination  Facility  (CCF),  the  Joint  Chiefs 
of  Staff  (XS),  and  the  Moscow/Washington  Emergency  Comrnini  cat  ions 
  "■  """   '  ""'ies,   and   in   general,   had   a  greater 
about   national   intelligence   community 
permanent  HATCH  officers  were  able  to 
and  Warning  School  -  an  event  that  was 
a  trend.  Also,  permanent  WATCH  officers 
-directed  exercise,  POWDER  RIVES,  for  the 
'ear,  and  participation  was  expected  again 
ordered  in  1983  (television,  VCR,  geochron 
clocks)  were  received  in  1935.  Although  the  television 
ally  envisioned  as  a  one  channel  system,  the  WATCH 
authority  for  an  expanded  cable  system.  The  system 
not  only  CNN,  but  also  C-Span,  Pentagon  Communications 
all  three  major  stations,  as  well  as  the  public 
i  station.  The  capability  to  tape  news  programs,  and  to 
ta|,8  ready  immediately  thereafter,  allowed  the  WATCH  to 
t  suspenses  required  by  INOZA,  and  occasionally  by  the 
ipment  upgrades  were  expected  to  continue  into  1985.  The 
;  planning  for  its  portion  of  the  Automated  Data  Handling 
Link   (MOLINK) 
opportunity   to 
operations. SE 
facilii 
attenWhe  Indi 
expected  to  be 
first  time  duri; 
in  1985.59 
of  the 
part  of 
the  JCS 
ng  the  ; 
■B  New  eq u ipment 
Syst m  60 
JP  The  WATCH  t 
D/INE,  division  chiefs  and  analysts  and  'to  maintain 
Logs  and  WATCH  High! ights  of  significant 
developments.  *>1 
Executive  Intelligence  Branch 
fl§  At  0200  hrs,  staff  from  the  new  Eiecutiv 
Branch  (INQZE)  began  preparing  the  Air  Force  i 
Highlights.  Ready  for  distribution  by  0700,  the 
lights  provided  timely  reporting  of  irttelli[ 
specifically  for  the  chief  of  staff  of  the  Air  Fore 
for  over  sixty-three  senior  Air  Force  and  interagen 
The  majority  (57)  were  distributed  to  air  staff  offi 
were  sent  to  high-level  OSD/DOD  offices,  includin
secretary  of  defense.  One  copy  was  also  sent  by  courier  to  the 
White  Situation  Room,  and  information  from  the  Morning  Highlights 
occasionally  reached  the  President  of  the  United  States.1" 
Aft  INOZE's  responsibilities  also  involved  the  development 
and  Tflntenance  of  several  in-depth,  all-source,  tailored 
intelligence  briefings.  These  briefings  included  a  classified 
presentation  of  "Soviet  Force  Modernization, "  a  Worldwide  Crisis 
Activity  briefing,  and  an  Air  Force  Intelligence  Activity 
briefing.  Some  of  the  briefings  contained  over  200  viewgraphs  and 
lasted  over  an  hour.  They  were  presented  in  various 
classifications  to  a  wide  range  of  audiences,  from  civic  groups  to 
reserve  forces  and  senior  air  staff  officers. 63 
^H    The    Executive     I 
35m    and     viewgrapn     libra 
Briefings     composed    during 
workload,   a  second  officer 
two.         At     present,     1NGZE 
permanent   201X0   NCO   bills' 
intelligence    Branch    mainta1 
.ry,      and     possessed     an     arc 
was     in     the     process     of 
t.      Although    office    space 
as  the  scope  of  the  branch 
to  expand. °^ 
's  duties  and  responsibilit 
1U0Z  Administration 
HJ|  The  administration  for  INOZ  continued  to    support 
the  entire  division.  Primarily  responsible  for  requirements 
originated  by  the  Briefing  Branch,  IHOZ  Administration  assisted  in 
the  following:  I)  prepared  scripts  for  the  daily  intelligence 
Briefings,  2)  readied  briefings  and  accompanying  visual  support 
for  mailing  to  other  agencies  and  commands,  3)  ensured  copies  of 
the  AFID  anG  AFA  messages  were  sent  to  designated  recipients, 
&)  provided  assistance  in  completing  messages  that  had  to  be 
specially  handled  for  the  ACS/i  and  cb,ief  of  staff  of  the  Air 
Force  when  they  were  on  TU»;  and  5)  provided  projectionist  support 
for  briefings.  1N0Z  Administration  also  assisted  division 
personnel  in  processing  forms  for  changes  in  rank  or  AFSC,  as  well 
as  obtaining  leave  authorization  numbers  for  members  taking  time 
off.  the  Administration  unit  also  maintained  a  library  of  over 
IOD  volumes.65 
AUDIOVISUAL  PRESENTATIONS 
intelligence  matters.   The  d 
tentative  in  inter-department  a 
support   for   intelligence
At  the  end  of  the  year  there  were  seven  civilians  and  seven 
enlisted  personnel  working  in  the  division. °° 
Presentation  Support 
«l  During  1984,  the  division  supported  not  only  AF/IN,  AFIS 
AC,  but  other  agencies  such  as  the  Electronic  Security 
Camsand,  the  Air  War  College,  Air  University,  and  the  12th  AF7SS0 
in  Berqstrom,  Texas.  The  support  was  in  the  fore  of  viewgraphs 
(visual  aids),  6X10  inch  color  Efctachrome  transparencies,  and  35rcro 
^ft  During  1984,  INQV's  production  exceeded  12,000 
presentation  aids.  To  produce  this  quantity  over  45,000  units  of 
work  were  accomplished.  The  division  also  completed  over  750  work 
requests.  Key  representative  presentation  efforts,  other  than  tor 
daily  Current  Intelligence  Briefings,  included  CMiUKUS,  SOS,  Air 
Staff  Orientation,  Global  Challenge,  Senior  Statesmen,  and  the 
Presidential  Foreign  Intelligence  Board. fctt 
«In  March  1981,  «r.  Caldwell  and  Mr.  Heittman  attended 
ior  Intelligence  Officer's  Conference,  held  at  Homestead 
AF3,  Florida.  Their  job  was  to  support  the  conference  with 
audiovisual  aids  and  to  produce  graphics  for  the  uurre.it 
intelligence  Briefing,  presented  at  0700  hrs  daily.0* 
Photographic  Support 
flfe  The  division's  photo  production  for  1984  was  the  highest 
in  many  years,  with  over  25,000  35mm  color  slides  produced,  a 
small  portion  of  which  was  in  direct  support  of  other  commands. 
In  Auoust  1984,  IN0V  assumed  additional  photographic 
responsibilities  to  support  AF/IN,  AFIS,  and  AFSAC  on  awards 
ceremonies  and  special  photographic  sessions  in  support  of 
The  intelligencer  newspaper.^ 
Working  Space  Concerns 
fl|  The  division's  main  concern  was  with  working  space. 
According  to  IN0V  personnel:  "Inadequate  space  creates  both 
safety  and  security  hazards  for  the  working  staff.  Example:  Both 
the  Pentagon  and  Ft.  Belvoir  Photo  Labs  must  be  increased  to 
provide  room  for  critical  equipment.  If  additional  space  was 
available,  I  NOV  could  combine  all  three  branches,  leading  to 
better  production  management  and  control  over  resources."
DIRECTORATE  OF  TARGETS 
„,.       _...„  ..   primary  responsibility  for  target 
intelligence  to  include  weaponeer ing,  target  analysis,  force 
application  and  mission  planning,  target  material,  and  mapping, 
charting  and  geodesy.  The  directorate  was  the  Air  Force's  point 
of  contact  with  the  Defense  Happing  Agency.1 
of  the  Concepts  and  Applic 
nended,   and   coordinated   plans, 
"r  Staff  and  Joint  Chief  of  Staff 
s  target  intelligence. 
to  advanced 
OB  Maintained  liaison  with  and  conducted  periodic 
visits  to  major  commands,  special  operating  agencies,  and 
other  military  services  and  Department  of  Defense  agencies  on 
matters  related  to  target  intelligence,  target  materials,  and 
weaponeer! ng. 
#  
Served    as    the    office    of    collateral    responsibility 
targeting    career    fields.        Reviewed     and    monitored 
active  duty  and  reserve  personnel    in  these  career  fields. 
4^    Sorae    of     the     functions     of    the    Mapping,     Charting,     and 
desy  Division  were  the  following:^ 
rife  Developed,  recommended,  reviewed,  and  coordinated 
on  plans,  programs,  and  policies  of  the  Air  Staff,  Joint 
Staff,  Unified  and  Specified  Commands,  and  Defense  Agencies 
relating  to  Happing,   Charting,    and  Geodesy  (MC&G). 
4B  Collaborated  with  the  Air  Force  research, 
development,  testing,  and  evaluation  community  on  applying 
MC&G   techniques,   methodologies,   and  capabilities   to   advanced 
weapon  systems.
U.S.     commands} 
PERSONNEL 
Key  Persprw 
M  Lt.  Col.  Phillip  D.  Wilder  was  the  acting  directoi 
the  1ST  from  1  September  19S3  until  5  September  1984,  when  he 
reassiqned  to  the  ADUSO(l),  Pentagon.  Colonel  Thomas  E.  Lee 
appointed  the  new  director, _ effective  24  August  1934.^  Colonel 
effect i 
!  John  S.  McKermey, 
on  1    October  1933. 
Wanning  Streng 
ember  1384  the  canning  strength  of  th 
AUTHORIZED     ASSI6NE0      PERCENT 
TARGETING  KftTTERS 
Conferences  and  Wee 
W  Qui 
USAF  Target 
fneeting  of  ^ne  uusus. 
Surface)  Operational  Usi 
USAF  Target  Intel T 
dBF  T*ie  Directors 
intelligence  Conferenc 
Command,  Kelly  AfB,  Te 
:he  year,  the  Directorate  of  Targets  hosted  t 
1  licence  Conference  and  conducted  the  winl 
Joint  Munitions  Effectiveness  Manual  (Air
elements  of  the  worldwide  targeting  community.  Within  the  overall 
therae  of  "Dynamics  in  Targeting,"  the  conference  served  a  twofold 
purpose:  1)  served  as  a  forum  for  discussion  of  the  current 
status  and  future  development  of  targeting  theory  and  practices, 
and  2)  served  as  an  educational  process  through  which  senior 
targeteers  could  be  brought  up-to-date  on  matters  affecting  their 
profession. 6 
4flB  AlBon9  itiS  topics  discussed  were  the  following:  "Law  of 
Armed  Conflict,"  "The  Threat  from  Space,"  "Strategic  Defense 
Initiatives,"  "Unconventional  Warfare,"  "Defense  Nuclear  Agency 
Targeting  Support,"  "Target  Analysis  Decision  Aids,"  "SIQP  Target 
Development  Process,"  "Perishable  Targets,"  "Relocatable  Targets," 
"Cruise  Missile  Targeting,"  "Naval  Mine  Warfare,"  "C3CM  Data 
Bases,"  "Airland  3attfe,"  "Camouflage,  Concealment,  and 
Deception,"  "Soft  Copy  MC&G,"  and  "Manpower  Issues. "7 
|H  The  INT  directorate  publls 
conference,  which  included  susmar 
discussions,  such  as  the  following:^ 
Law  of  Armed  Conflict 
4£  It.  Col.  Donald  Woods,  International  Law 
Di v  is  Jon,  Office  of  the  Judge  Advocate  Genera  1 , 
discussed  targeting  implications  of  the  Law  of  Armed 
Conflict.  Of  particular  interest  was  the  1977 
additional  protocols  to  the  General  Convention.  These 
protocols  dealt  with  the  general  protection  of  the 
civilian  population  against  effects  of  hostilities. 
Specific  provisions  impacting  on  targeteers  were 
restrictions  on  targeting  civilian  populations,  and 
cultural  objects  and  long  term  effects  on  the  national 
environment.  Also  discussed  was  the  Services/ JCS 
position  on  the  ratification  of  Protocol  III  for  the 
1980  Conventional  Weapons  Convention  which  deals  with 
the  employment  of  incendiary  weapons. 
flB  DISCUSSION:  The  follow-on  discussion  centered 
on  tW  non-applicability  of  the  protocols  to  nuclear 
weapons;  ability  to  determine  the  presence  of  civilians 
in  the  area  of  attack;  and  the  position  of  allies  on  the 
protocols.  Lt.  Col.  Hoods  provided  the  conferees  with 
's  which  expanded  on  the  protocols  discussed. 
1  Warfare
warfare.  it.  Col.  Jannarone  defined  the  Special 
Operations  targeting  cycle;  addressed  the  optimum  role 
of  Special  Operations  Forces  -  deterrence;  discussed 
operational  philosophy  -  force  multiplication;  and 
described  employment  payoffs  -  disruption,  diversion, 
delay.  In  addition,  Lt.  Col.  Jannarone  provided  a 
detailed  description  of  current  Air  Force  Special 
Operations  Forces  capabilities/limitations  and  the 
probability/risk  of  employing  these  forces  over  the 
Spectrura  of  conflict. 
0*    DISCUSSION     A 
liv 
ely       disc :ussion 
ensued 
ale 
of       the 
targeteer        in 
warfare; 
uireffients 
for 
billets;     and 
formal     cou: 
to     enl- 
lance     the 
targeteer's  knc pledge  of  ua. 
Cruise  Missile Targeting 
0ff    In    r< jsponse    to reque 
sts    froir.    ■ several 
commands 
for    informatics -.    on    cruis- e    mis site    targeting.) 
HBh  °'   !PAC 
addressed 
conference 
targeting   effer ■t   for   the Toman awk   cruise 
missi' 
ie.  flUfe 
Tomahawk 
,     capabilities. 
.  which  affect  ti 
ng    process.      He 
e    data    base    r 
lents     for 
the 
need       for       specialized 
intelligence 
products 
:    briefing 
rev  is support 
■tail  't 
t/mission 
:he    PACOM 
planning     guide lines,      and 
for 
geting     coi 
ssiles, 'ts     which 
riety  of  so 
;er     [ 
f    cru jresented 
rS' 
HBI furt' 
c      target 
lists    for   vari: 
some     projected 
in     the    Tomahawk 
tly   enl 
capabilities. 
|K    There  were 
five  confe rence 
action   it, 
sns:8 
mm    x.     £ *amine   the requ irements    i n    Air Force   Regula- 
tion   36-1     for 
entry     in! 
ng     car 
tor    field    to 
include  grade  and  AFSC  cri teria 
4V  2- 
samine     the 
poss 
Ability    of    atqu iring     reserve 
targets  officer s  to  help  f ill  a. ;tive  duty forces 
shortfalls. 
•►    3. 
xarr.ine  the 
need for  establ 
ishing 
a   library  for 
targeting  appli cations  software.
aids  under  develop- 
M  5.  Address  the  deficiencies  in  identifying  digital 
geographic  information  requirements  to  support  the  targeting 
mission  of  the  Mr  Force. 
flM  The  keynote  speaker  at  the  conference  was  the 
ACS/I,  Maj.  Gen.  James  C.  Pfautz.  Also,  Brig.  Sen.  C.  Norman 
Wood,  the  deputy  director  for  the  National  Strategic  Target 
List,  Joint  Strategic  Target  Planning  Staff,  presented  the 
conference  dinner  remarks,  while  the  closing  speaker  Mas  Maj. 
Gen.  John  B.  Marks,  the  colander  of  the  Electronic  Security 
Command.  The  proceedings  summarized  the  presentation  of  each 
speaker  J° 
JMEH  Operational  Users  Working  Group  Meeting 
■H|  As  the  office  of  primary  responsibility  for  the  Joint 
itTons  Effectiveness  Manual  Air-to-Surf ace  Operational  Users 
<ing  Sroup  fOUWE)  the  INT  directorate  conducted  the  winter 
ting  held  14-16  November  at  the  Naval  Air  Station,  Fallon, 
4Hfc0uring  the  meeting,  six  action  items,  were  agreed  upon: 
0/ff  I.  The-  OUWG  chairman  was  to  arrange  for  a 
representative  of  the  Chemical  Working  Group  to  brief 
progress  on  cheftica!  weaponeering  methodologies  and  follow-on 
nlans  fo^  functional  degradation  analyses  at  the  next  OUWG
(■h  3.  The  OUW£  was  to  survey  members  to  determine  if 
a  need  existed  for  risk  estimates  data  for  attacks  conducted 
perpendicular  to  friendly  troop  positions.  Current  risk  data 
assumed  a  parallel  attack.1* 
i  chairman  was 
its  oiue-on-blui: 
»5.  The  Basic  Manual  Group  was  requested 
the  following  suggestions  and  provide  feedback 
the  OUWG: 
;urrent  widespread  use  of  low  level 
;  that  the  trajectory  and  pattern 
.-hat  to  cover  releases  down  to  200 
fH  b.  The  caution  provided  with  figure  A-1V-1  should 
be  rSPTtten  to  indicate  that  individual  weapons  have  release 
restrictions  which  may  make  it  impossible  to  use  the  full 
range  of  aircraft  intervalometer  settings;  aircraft  flight 
manuals  should  be  consulted  for  specific  information.1' 
flH  6.  The  Basic  Manual  Group  and  Methodology  Working 
Group  were  requested  to  evaluate  the  foHowing  recommendation 
and  provide  feedback  to  the  QUWG.J* 
PThe  methodology  for  evaluating  guns  and 
against  area  targets  calls  for  use  of  modified 
Basic  Manual  open  end  method  3.  Use  of  100  foot  stick 
lencth  appears  questionable  for  ripple  rocket  firing. 
For'strafing  attacks,  strafing  length  is  required  input; 
no  formula  for  calculating  the  distance  is  provided. 
The  current  methodology  merits  review  and  confirmation 
of  its  validity.  Provision  of  a  suitable  sample  area 
target  problem  should  be  examined.19 
HB>     7.     The     QUWG     ch; 
appropriate   sample   problem  i 
inrliKinn   in  the  Basic  Manua 
;in2Qconne 
as     requested     t 
ction  with  Actioi 
.0     draft      an 
i  Item  6)   for 
Publications 
Regulations 
AFR  200-16
1|P>  Fcl  lowing  the  upgrade  of  the  Targets  Division  to 
directorate  status,  the  ACS/3  tasked  the  lm  directorate  to 
prepare  an  Air  Force  regulation  for  targeting.  INT's  charter  was 
to  write  the  regulation  to  help  solidify  INT's  role  as  the  Air 
Staff  executive  agent  for  targeting  matters,  functional  manager 
for  BQ85/201X1  career  fields,  and  systems  monitor  for  weapons  and 
intelligence  systems  impacting  on  targeting.  Also,  the  regulation 
was  to  outline  the  relationships  between  AF1S/INT  and  Air  Force 
targeting  elements  worldwide.  After  a  lengthy  review  and 
coordination  process,  the  regulation  was  finally  made  official  on 
16  November  1984  as  AFS  200-16,  "Air  force  Targeting."  The 
regulation  was  UNCLASSIFIED.  Policy  for  Mapping,  Charting,  and 
Geodesy  (MC&&J  requirements  that  supported  targeting  were  defined 
in  AFR  96-9. & 
AFP  300-31,  Volume  I 
4fe  *n  1380  the  Air  Force  and  Army  agreed  to  use  two 
separate  documents  to  analyze  nuclear  weapons  effects  against 
fixed  and  mobile  targets.  AP-SSO,  "D3A  Physical  Vulnerability 
Kandbook-tiuclear  Weapons,"  was  to  be  used  to  weaponeer  and 
determine  safe  distances  for  fixed/installation  targets,  and  FM 
101-31-2,  "Staff  Officers'  Field  Manual  fcuelear  Weapons  Employment 
Effects  Data"  was  selected  to  analyze  land  mobile/battlefield 
targets.  As  a  result,  in  1981  the  Air  Force  adopted  f*i  101-31-2 
and  gave  it  an  additional  short  title  —  AFP  200-31  Vol  II,  but 
did  not  adopt  FM  101-31-1. 
vV FK     101-31- 
■1     exp 
ilained     how     to     use 
FM     101-31-2 
and 
outlined 
doctr 
is     it     related     to     ■ the     planning 
and 
employmen t    of    1 nuclea 
ons    in   combat   operati 
■riaade :   level .     The  Air  force  did not   adopt  Fft 
101- 
31-1     in 
conjur 
FK    101-31-2,     becaus e    the    former 
called    a 
"doct 
rce     (AF/XCXIO 
AF1S/INT! 
deter 
defined    i n   JCS terms .         Th£ s   Air   Force   considered   the   documen- 
procedure I    guid 
than   as  a  doctrinal  p ublication.     A 
the  fiianua .1    was 
ot  eas u"« 
ed  By in   an   Army   perspective •    (ground   com 
and) 
■P  AFIS/INT,  in  a  joint  effort  with  the  US  Army  Nuclear  and 
Chemical  Agency  and  the  HAW  OPR,  revised  FK  101-31-1  to  reflect 
the  air,  land,  and  naval  perspective  on  planning  and  employment  of 
nuclear  weapons  against  land  mobile/battlefield  targets.  However, 
the  Array  retained  the  word  "doctrine"  in  the  title  sni^  referred  to 
the  text  as  Army  doctrine.  Nonetheless,  the  adoption  of  this 
document  was  another  positive  step  in  the  development  of  joint
Technical  Notes 
flh  In  October  1934,  the  INT  directorate  started  publishing 
Technical  Notes,  which  were  simple  reports,  unofficial  but 
authoritative  and  signed  by  authors,  for  the  dissemination  of 
information  on  subjects  pertinent  to  targeting.  Technical  Notes 
(TNs)  were  assigned  numbers,  corresponding  to  the  year  of 
preparation,  followed  by  a  serial  number.  A  listing  of  INT 
Technical  Notes  for  1984  follows:" 
84-01  11  Oct  84   Nuclear  WeaponeeMng  (U) 
84-02   S  Nov  85 
84-04  19  (w 
Air  Force  Contingency 
Targeting  Support 
Major  Lecfc'ider 
Mapping,  Charting, 
and  Geodesy  Manpower 
Recommendations  (It) 
Target  Director's  Update 
flB  During  the  year,  the  directorate  continued  to  print  and 
disseminate  the  unofficial  newsletter  "Target  Director's  Update," 
which  was  first  published  on  2?  December  1983.  The  purpose  of  the 
newsletter  was  to  inform  the  targeting  community  of  current 
issues,  articles,  publications,  and  items  of  interest.  Some  of 
the  subjects  reported  on  in  the  three  issues  prepared  in  March, 
June,  and  September  1984  were  as  follows:  Geodetic  and  Geophysics 
Conference,  Joint  Line  Fire  Test  Program,  Senior  Officers 
Introduction  to  Targeting  Symposium,  Professional  Reading  - 
Unconventional  Warfare,  Creek  Press  -  A  USAFE  Targeting 
Initiative,  Functional  Intelligence  Augmentation  Team,  Nuclear 
Weaponeering  Software,  AhRAAM  -  Live  Fire  Tests,  Infrared  «averick 
Developments,  and  ULCHI  FOCUS  LENS  -  An  Air  Staff  Perspective. « 
Hard  Target  Hunit
While  the  Directorate  of  Targets  sent  representatives  to 
conferences  and  meetings  throughout  the  year,  two 
it  trips  were  made  to  the  Pacific  and  European  theaters. 
■    9    July,    Mr.     Corcstarctir 
t.    Pappas    and 
t   Kingdom  and
Federal  Republic  of  Germany.      The  purpose  of  the  visit  was  to 
uss   targeting  and  mapping,    charting,   and  geodesy  (KC&G)    issues 
thpjiter     personnel     and     to     provide     INT     personnel     with     a 
kuinfiiucu      familiarization      with      theater      targeting      and      MCSG 
issues. ti 
■■  The  two  INT  representatives  also  discussed  on 
inifiative,  CREEK  PRESS,  which  was  USAFE's  effort  to  prov 
depth  target  intelligence  if  support  of  sophisticated 
systems  and  precisely-guided  munitions,  such  as  the  F-lll  * 
PAVE  TACk  navigation  systerc.  The  INT  directorate  was  9 
continue  to  provide  support  to  USAFE/INE  in  this  area.30 
mgf  From  6-17  August  198S,  Lt.  Col.  Thomas  E.  Vincent  and 
SKSgtDavid  L.  Simpson  visited  the  Pacific  Theater.  Colonel 
Thomas  E.  Lee,  the  incoming  INT  director,  joined  them  for  the 
Japan  and  Korea  portion  of  the  trip.  The  purpose  of  the  visit  was 
to  receive  an  orientation  on  the  targeting  perspective  and 
function  for  the  Pacific  Theater,  to  discuss  significant  theater 
targeting  issues,  and  to  contact  officer  and  enlisted  targeting 
personnel,  representing  INT  as  the  functional  monitor  of  the 
targeting  career  fields,  SOS5  and  201X1.31
«At  all  stops,  It.  CoS.  Vincent  and  SMSgt  Simpson 
ally  interviewed  all  assigned  and  available  officers  and 
enlisted  personnel  in  the  8085  and  201X1  career  fields.  A  total 
of  thirty  8085s  and  fifteen  ZOlXls  were  counselled,  which  included 
career  counseling,  training,  and  personnel  assignment  desires.35 
iSted,  Weapons  .Target  Lis 
Officers  Position  Description  Booi:
WM»J«6,  CHARTING,  AND  G 
Mapping,     Charting, 
First  MCSS  Conference 
mm    The    Mapping,     Cha rting,     and    Geodesy    (MCSG) 
Conference    attendees'  we're   . 
survey    personnel,        Attend 
8-19     October     1984,      at     6 
Sir   Force   MC&S   managers    ar 
concerns    and   developed    act" 
items     addressed     included 
4)    The  k:&6  Conference  Action   Items  were  3 s  follws : 
MaDDino  and  Chartinc33 
■■k    1.     AFIS/INTB     was     to     request     1 
Mapping    Agency    (DW)    graphically   represent 
in   the   Grey  Book   and    in   the   DMm   catalogues 
done  for  standard  products. 
rr, 
Defensi 
^rrentlj 
flP    2.     AF15/INT8     was     to     request     1 
iiidrange   time   franie   (three   to  eight   years) 
for    RSQ     requirements    which     were     usually 
;hat     Wk 
antificsti 
further
Geodetic  and  Geophysical 
fH&    i-  Attendees  were  to  keep  each  other  apprised  of 
Air  rarce  and/or  GMh  activities  that  affected  each  other. 
mm    t.     USAFF.  and  AFIS/INT  were  to  propose  efforts  to 
mk  3.  AFIS/INT  *as  to  provide  USAFE  with  requisite 
data  'SScerpted  from  the  Navigational  Aid/Inertial  Navigation 
System  (NAVAIO/INS)  Study. 
flfe  4.  AFIS/INT  was  to  investigate  and  Insure  that  the 
Geodetic  and  Geophysical  Support  Automated  listing  reflected 
the  timely  and  correct  status  of  surveys  and  other  geodetic 
and  geophysical  information. 
AF1S/INTB  was 
and  stocking 
on  was  updated. 
ital  Cartographic 
1.  AFIS/MB   was   tc   arrange  .' ■  for   a   technical 
nation  visit  for  Air  Force  MC6ti  command  points  of  contact 
1  Research  Institute  of  Michigan  at  Ann  Arbor, 
4B|  2.  AFIS/lr;T8  was  to  determine  the  mechanics  for 
establishing  a  "clearinghouse"  for  micro- computer  software 
application  programs  for  the  use  of  digital  geographic  data  by  the 
Air  Force. 
AF  G&S  Conference  V  r 
iflfc  The  fifth  Air  Force  fieodetic  and  Geophysical  (S&S) 
Conference  was  sponsored  by  AFIS/INTB  and  hosted  by  the  Defense 
Mapping  Agency  Aerospace  Center,  St,  Louis,  Missouri,  6-8  March 
i9S4.  Conference  attendees  included  Air  Force  mapping,  charting, 
and  geodetic  staff  officers;  Air  Force  and  civilian  project 
managers;  action  officers  in  G&G  related  projects;  Air  Force 
survey  personnel;  and  Defense  Happing  Agency  personnel.  The 
conference  examined  present  and  future  weapon  systems  required  to 
carry  out  the  Air  Force  mission  and  addressed  the  related  geodetic 
and  geophysical  concerns. 43 
£P  The  following  were  the  recommended  action  items:''',
9b.  Air  force  commanders  with  survey  r 
will  develop  understanding  and/or  agreement  on 
the  use  of  survey  resources.  (Action:  DMA,  SAC,  AFIS, 
AFCC) 
4H  £-  S&S  principals  Mil)  investigate  the  use  of 
Miniature  Interferometer  Terminal  for  Earth  Surveying 
(M1T£S)  positioning  capability  in  support  of  future 
positioning  requirements  for  advanced  space-based  weapon 
systems.      (Action:     AFIS,  AFSC,  AFGL,  OKft,  et  al) 
49  d.  Air  force  will  schedule  meeting 
AF  ZZZU   concerns.   (Action:  AFIS,  SAC,  AFCC, 
to  discuss 
DrtA) 
00  e.     Air    Force    will    reasses 
requirements  staffing  process,  streamline, 
loop.   (Action;  AFIS,  AF  Command  Representati 
s    survey 
:ve"} 
implementation  of  the  World  Geodetic  System 
84)  and  its  impact  on  Air  Force  operations. 
ftfIS,  AF  cousandsj 
toring  the 
19B4  (WSS- 
(Action: 
0ff    g.  Affected   parties   will   have 
interchange  meetings  to  discuss  Military  Gri 
System  designation  problems  and  viable  a! 
(Action:  AFIS,  TAC,  DMA) 
tf  Reference 
ternatives. 
0fr  h.     DMA  will  augment  existing  data 
geodeTTc  data  for  selected  airfields  to  ; 
requirement.  (Action:  AFIS,  TAC,  DMA) 
istisfy  TAC 
SA&  SR  Definition  Meeting        „ 
00    On  6-7  September  19B«,   the  Mapping, 
Charting, 
keodesy  Division  convened  a  meeting  to  establish  guideli 
the  conduct  of  a  requirements  definition  study  fm  «■= 
determination  of  the  digital  data  required  to  support  simulation 
of  current  technology  synthetic  aperature  radar  (SARs). 
Representatives  from  the  Aeronautical  Systems  Division  of  Air 
Force  Systems  Command,  Tactical  Air  Convsand,  Strategic  Air 
Command,  and  the  Defense  Mapping  Agency  attended.  In  October,  in 
accordance  with  AFfi  96-9,  the  ItiT  directorate  tasked  the  Air  Force 
Systems  Command  to  initiate  a  study  of  Air  Force  SAR  simulation 
digital  data  requirements.  The  AFSC  study  was  to  be  submitted  to 
INT   by   1   May   1985/5
MembershipiipniiCpmffiitteas  and  Working  Grou 
0S0  Digital  MC&G  Transformation  WS 
dIB    As     a    member    of     the    030    Bi; 
Working   Group,    the    1NTB    representatives   i —         .... 
issue  of  the  Defense  Mapping  Agency's  "transformation"  of  OKA 
standard  data  to  satisfy  the  unique  requi resents  of  weapon  systems 
and      training      devices.  The      number      of      programs      requiring 
transformations  had  grown  from  two  to  nine,  six  of  which  were  Air 
Force      systems.  System     contractors      developed      transformation 
programs  without  0W\  input.  The  contractors  then  turned  the 
programs  over  to  DMA,  which  absorbed  all  further  computer  time  and 
labor  costs.  0Mfi*s  position  was  that  it  could  not  continue  to 
transform  data  to  individual  requirements  because  of  manpower  and 
hardware  limitations.  As  of  October  1984,  the  conclusion  of  the 
INT3  representatives  was  as  follows:  "Air  Force  stated  position 
is  AF  should  not  accept  responsibility  for  basic  transformation  of 
B«fi  data."  By  year's  end,  the  transforation  problem  was  not  yet 
resolved.46 
Wording  Party  64 
40  The  Mapping,  Charting,  and  Geodesy  Division  was  tasked 
to  coordinate  with  other  services  and  provide  a  U.S.  National 
Statement  on  the  recommendations  made  1n  the  Management 
Committee's  review  of  the  report  of  the  27th  meeting  of  Working 
Party  64  Aeronautical  Charts  and  Flight  Information  Publications. 
The  division  accomplished  the  tasking  in  1984,  and  the  contents  of 
the  report  of  the  meeting  were  accepted.  Working  Party  64  was  a 
subcommittee  of  the  Air  Standardization  Coordination  Committee."' 
WC&G  Area .Requirements 
^B  Each  year  the  INTB  division  prepared  a  report  on  Air 
Force  requirements  for  MCSG  products,  identified  on  the  basis  of 
operational  area,  priority,  and  program  objective  memorandum  (POM) 
cycle.  The      requirements      represented      a      consolidation      of 
operational  requirements  submitted  by  major  commands  and  separate 
operating   agencies   and    were    restricted    to    essential    products    for
systems  during  t: 
B-1B  Program 
flfl^  During  the  year,  the  INTB  division  coordinated  with  the 
Defense  Happing  Agency  (DMA)  on  data  base  support  for  the  B-1B  and 
the  B-1B  Weapon  Systems  Trainer  (WST).  In  January,  INT  sent  the 
DMA  a  summary  of  the  stated  requirements  for  the  B-IB  WST  and 
outlined  INT's  understanding  of  the  support  to  be  provided  by  DMA. 
The  two  types  of  DMA  support  included:  1)  timely  production  of 
source  data  and  1)  transformation  of  the  data  to  produce  a 
siraulator  data  base.  Source  data  was  to  be  provided  for  visual 
and  conventional  radar  and  for  high  resolution  radar  modes- 
Transformation  support  by  QMA  consisted  of  the  OMA's  Aerospace 
Center  operating  the  B-IB  Digital  Radar  Land  Mass  Simulator 
{ORLffi}  transformation  program  and  DMA  accepting  a  stand-alone 
computer  systef;  to  Be  dedicated  to  B-lfi  simulator  data  base 
transformation.1" 
dB  In  February,  representatives  fram  the  INT  directorate. 
Defense  Mapping  Agency,  Strategic  Air  Co'antand,  Aeronautical 
Sys terns  Division,  and  Rome  Air  Development  Center  met  and  were 
briefed  that  DMA  could  not  meet  delivery  dates  for  requirements 
identified  in  March  1933.  The  products  required  were  to  include 
13S  1°  i  1°  cells  of.  digital  feature  analysis  data  and  50  high 
resolution  synthetic  aperature  radar  appoint  areas.  Delays  up  to 
one  year  were  expected.  According  to  Lt.  Col.  Wilder,  the  acting 
director  of  INT,  the  delays  were  not  acceptable  to  the  Air  Force, 
because  they  could  potentially  affect  the  S-1B  WST  contracts.  At 
the  and  of  this  reporting  period,  the  DW  was  still  predicting 
del  ays. 50 
4&  In  January,  the  INT  directorate  also  validated  mapping 
and  charting  support  to  assist  the  B-IB  Special  Program  Office  and 
the  Combined  Test  force  at  Edwards  AFB, "California,  in  the  testing 
of  the  B-IB  and  its  avionics  systems.  The  data  requirements  were 
sent  to  the  DHA.51 
F-16  Digital  Cartographic  Support 
£P  In  October,  the  1NT3  division  reviewed  and  validated  an 
Air  Force  Systems  Command  requirement  for  digital  cartographic 
support  for  the  F-16  Improved  Digital  Radar  Landmass  Simulation 
System.  The  requirement  was  forwarded  to  the  Defense  Mapping 
Agency,  using  terminology  learned  from  the  B-IB  requirements
F-15E  W5T  Digital  Cartographic  Support 
ritt  In  November,  Colonel  Lee,  the  new  AFIS/INT  director, 
sent  to  the  DMA  the  AFSC's  validated  requirements  for  digital 
cartographic  support  for  the  prototype  F-15E  Weapon  System  Trainer 
|HST).  The  purpose  of  the  F-15E  WST  was  to  provide  high  fidelity 
mission  rehearsal  training  to  both  the  pilot  and  weapon  system 
operator.  Requirement  included  the  simulation  of  high  resolution, 
synthetic  aperature  radar  (SAR)  and  infrared  (IK)  sensors  and 
preplanned  sessions  through  a  real  *<?T,'<!  gaming  area  of 
ap pro ii mate ly  160, £500  square  nautical  miles.53 
^B  «r.  JieH  Sunderland,  who  worked  with  AFSC  repre- 
sentatives on  the  F-15E  project,  noted  that  AFSC's  Aeronautical 
Systems  Division  planned  to  have  the  contractor  for  the  WST 
responsible  for  data  base  construction  and  transformation.  =" 
ESrE  Requirements  Support 
4B  The  Napping,  Charting,  and  Geodesy  Division  worked  with 
the  AFI5  Directorate  of  Joint  Services  Support  (INU)  in  support  of 
two  major  projects,  the  production  of  a  map  for  Exercise  RIDGE 
RUNNER  and  the  validation  of  evasion  and  escape  (t&E)  requirements 
for  transmittal  to  the  Defense  Mapping  Agency.* 
Map  for  Exercise  RIDGE  RUNNER 
49  D"r'"9  the  AFIS/Ml's  evasion  and  escape  Exercise  RIDGE 
RUNNER;  20  August  -  4  September  1984,  participants  used  a  map 
produced  by  the  30th  Engineer  Battalion  and  validated  by  IKS. 
The  map  was  of  the  exercise  area,  Caitp  Dawson,  West  Virginia,  and 
made  of  a  water  resistant  material  called  Tyve<.  The  map  also 
information  about  and  pictures  of  edible  and  poisonous 
plants  of  t 
a. 55 
E&E  Require 
£P  In  April,  at  the  Air  Force  Mapping,  Charting,  and 
Geodetic  Conference,  a  briefing  eaplained  the  problems  associated 
with  the  production  of  evasion  and  escape  charts  (EVCs).  In 
sugary,  the  Air  Force  had  a  requirement  for  expanded  EVC  coverage 
to  the  Defense  Mapping  Agency  (DMA)  for  over  ten  years.  The  DMA, 
however,  since  1975  held  in  abeyance  all  EKC  production,  pending
the  production  of  a  tniniaturized  chart  viewing  device  (CVP).  The 
CVD  was  intended  to  replace  evasion  charts  in  aircraft  where 
storage  of  numerous  bulky  charts  was  prohibitive,  and  the  DMA  was 
to  produce  filmstrips  for  the  CVD.  The  Air  Force  Systems  Command 
was  to  produce  the  device,  but  it  placed  the  production  in  low 
priority  status.  Thus,  a  dilenma  surrounded  E&E  chart  production. 
The  DMA  would  not  produce  new  escape  and  evasion  charts  because 
they  were  to  be  replaced  by  the  filmstrips  and  chart  viewing 
device.  The  Systems  Command,  however,,  was  not  to  produce  r"-~ 
chart  viewing  device  In 
r  future." 
0k    The  AFIS  Directorate  of  Joint  Services  Support  «as 
working  with  the  1ST  directorate  in  finding  solutions  to  the 
dilemma.  The  INU  directorate  was  the  Department  of  Defense  office 
of  primary  responsibility  for  escape  and  evasion   and  was 
consolidating  DOD  requirements  for  charts  and  viewing  devices  and 
assisting  with  sorting  out  Air  Force  roles  and  policy  on  EVC  and 
CVil  for  the  Defense  Mapping  Agency.57 
Functior ^Kanaflement  inspectio
{9 (De5g +9 "S°A § 23d parepoy (9)(9)258 *O'S"A ¢ aad parayag g aad paseTed ggpcayess 19°S"O
^■fe  At  the  end  of  this  reporting  period,  the  Targets 
directorate  was  working  to  implement  reconiaended  changes  and  was 
expected  to  continue  doing  so  throughout  the  following  year. 
WC&G  Personnel  and  Training  Issues 
41^  Throughout  the  year,  the  MC&5  division  examined  career, 
assignment,  and  training  issues  affecting  mapping,  charting,  and 
geodesy  personnel. 
MC&G  Manpower  Recommendations 
49  *n  offshoot  of  the  functional  management  inspection 
(FMI)  was  INTS's  MCS&  manpower  recommendations,  published  as  one 
of  the  Technical  Notes  in  October  19B4.  Maj.  Stewart  R.  Davey 
prepared  the  recommendations.  The  FMI  hadt  concluded  that  MC&G 
staff  functions  were  not  being  adequately  accomplished  and  that 
MCtG  expertise  was  not  properly  being  incorporated  into  systems 
development,  operational  planning,  and  logistics,  because  of,  in 
part,  insufficient  manpower,  visibility,  and  rank  within  the  HCSG 
function.  Sine;  specific  manpower  recommendations  were  not 
included  in  the  functional  management  inspection  report,  it  was 
necessary  for  IPiTB  to  fcake  such  recommendations.  In  summation, 
1NTB  recommended  the  establishment  of  twenty-eight  positions  for 
thirteen  organizations.  There  were  then  only  seven  positions  in 
e  recommended  for  conversion  from 
existence,  ana  ot  cnese,  t 
AFSC  5734  to  AFSC  =716. °3 
Occupati. 
Survey  Report 
January  19S4, 
   ,      .      USAF  Occupational  Measurement 
Center  of  the  Air  Training  Conrvand  issued  an  occupational  survey 
report  of  the  Cartographic  and  Geodetic  Officer  Utilization  Field 
(AFS  57XX!  and  the  enlisted  Geodetic  Surveyor  Career  Ladder  {AFS 
ZZ2H.0J.  The  AFI5  M«G  division  had  originally  requested  the 
survey  in  1932,  through  the  Directorate  of  Estimates.66 
dp     tnfnms+fni       Hin-iiwj       the       trjrMOV       1 *as     collected     from 
:artograph!C  ano  geodetic  orricers,    represei iting  91   percent   of   t 
assigned    strength    and    from   87    geodetic    sp< acialists,    represent! 
55  percent  of  their  assigned  strength.6'
V  summary  of  survey  r ,ults  follows:°3 
Job  Structure:     Analysis        of        the        job 
»■.,«,...„.=     „f~ihe   ftFS    '¥fu     and    RFSC     2HJX0     fields 
identified  seven  job  groups.  The  jobs  were  categorized 
into  plans  and  requirements,  contract  monitoring, 
management,  training,  surveying,  and  data  preparation. 
The  officer  jobs  reflect  substantial  variety,  while  the 
majority  of  enlisted  personnel  performed  as  geodetic 
surveyors. 
i  Descriptions:     A     comparison 
r—J'PTS   S^T   TTZ^      Hft^n^r\       and 
of    UsTs  performed  with   the  Am   36-1    {for  office     . 
APR  39-1    (for  enlisted  personnel)  Specialty  Description 
revealed     reasonably     accurate     summaries     of     the     jot 
actually  performed. 
is.     Management    intervention, 
..=  ...,.; —      «    --signiaents,    ; 
appears     necessary 
;aining   force   for   the   Cartographic 
Additionally,    management    should 
;o   the   personal    hardship    resulting 
"    ■    many    MC&G    officer 
i  convened  a  confere 
:  to  prepare  a  deta 
aphic  Geodetic  Program  u 
s  with  a  common  foundatio 
proposal  was  to  inc 
■as    to    be    sent    to   57XX    u
MM  2.  AFIS/INT  was  to  gather  information  from 
universities  and  AfIT  to  determine  the  feasibility  of 
designing  a  core  curriculum  for  a  combined  cartographic 
geodetic  masters  degree  tailored  to  Air  Force  needs. 
flft  3.  AFIS/1NT  was  to  investigate  the 
possibHity  of  establishing  an  "education  with  industry" 
(EMI)  program  in  subject  area(s)  applicable  to  Air  Force 
cartographic  geodetic  regui regents. 
d|  4.  Action  addressees  were  to  review  suggested 
subjects  for  a  single,  introductory,  AFSC  granting 
training  course  taken  by  all  5731  officers.  Reviewers 
were  to  add  to  or  delete  from  the  subjects  list  and 
indicate  knowledge  levels  required  in  each  subject. 
AfJS/INT  was  to  consolidate  the  Air  Force  position, 
negotiate  significant  disagreements,  and  provide  the  Air 
Force  MCGOC  training  requirements  to  the  Qefense  Mapping 
4MB  5.  AFIS/INT  was  to  assemble  a  list  of 
potential  short  courses  applicable  to  various  MC8.G 
positions  and  forward  theis  to  organizations  With  57XX 
personnel  for  review  and  validation. 
^fe  6.  AFIS/INT  was  to  distribute'  the  schedule  of 
instruction  for  the  Intermediate  and  Advanced  Geodetic 
Surveying  courses  to  five  specified  organijations  for 
their  review  and  then  was  to  consolidate  them  for 
forwarding  to  the  Defense  Mapping  School. 
Requirements  for  HC&S  Officers  Course 
^■fe  Subsequent  to  the  Education  and  Training  Requirements 
Conference,  the  JCSG  division  assembled  the  initial  course  for  Air 
Force  HC&»  officers,  consistino  of  a  common  track  with  the  other 
military  service's  followed  by  a  specialized  Air  Force  track.  On 
10  September  1984,  the  division  sent  the  course  requirements  to 
the  Defense  Happing  School.  Subjects  to  be  covered  in  the 
specialized  track  included  geodesy;  photograwnetry;  digital  data; 
automated  cartography  applications;  systems  development  impact  on 
HC&G  production;  strategic  and  contingency  planning;  sensor 
exploitation  and  crisis  support;  DOD,  DMA,  and  AF  policies  on 
KC&G;  AF  organisational  structure  and  interface  with  DMA;  AF 
planning  documents;  AF  HC&G  requirements  process;  AF  weapons 
systems,  INSs,  mission  planning,  targeting,  and  battlefield 
management  systems.''
Proposed  EMI  Program 
4Bp  Another  result  of  the  education  and  Training  Requirement 
Conference  was  INTB's  proposal  to  AF/MPPE  for  allowing  cartogra- 
phic geodetic  officers  (AFSC  57XX),  at  the  rate  of  about  one  per 
year,  to  train  with  industrial  firms  which  used  advanced  state-of- 
the-art  technology  related  to  MC&GJH  In  justification  of  the 
proposal,  INTB  stated  the  following: 
Advances  In  computer  technology  are  allowing  the 
manipulation  and  display  of  large  quantities  of  digital 
data.  In  particular,  the  capacity  exists  to  work  with 
data  derived  from  aerial  photography  and  cartographic 
sources  to  produce  simulated  displays  representing  areas 
of  the  earth.  This  ability  will  satisfy  the  visual  and 
radar  display  requirement 5  of  aircraft  simulators, 
automated  mission  planning  systems,  battlefield 
management  systems,  and  the  production  of  specialized 
target  materials  for  autonomous  homing  weap-.  ■  '•  and 
special  operations.  The  technology  is  changing  rapidly, 
with  much  of  the  improvement  in  techniques  and 
capability  being  developed  in  Industrial  plants.  An 
education  With  Industry  Program  in  this  subject  area 
will  help  the  A1r  Force  keep  abreast  of  the  state-of- 
the-art  and  enhance  the  competence  of  participating 
officers." 
Mgf    The  Air  Foi 
Directorate  of  Personnel  Progress 
wa 
proposal  for  fiscal  year  1985,  bee 
already  filled.   The  directorate 
its  proposal  way  be  implemented 
fo 
Review  of  Plans  for  Training  New  Junior  Officers 
4Bl  On  13  November,  Major  Davey  visited  the  Defense  Mapping 
Agency  Aerospace  Center  (OMAAC)  in  St.  louis,  Missouri,  to  review 
OMAAC  plans  for  training  and  developing  newly  assigned  junior 
officers.  During  the  1984  BOD  MCSG  Conference  executive  session, 
Questions  had  arisen  concerning  the  desired  qualifications  and 
experiences  expected  from  the  numerous  junior  officers 
(approximately  10  percent  of  the  57XX  career  field}  at  the 
conclusion  of  their  first  tour  at  OMAAC.  Major  Oavey  met  with 
DMAAC  representatives  to  ensure  that  DMACC's  program  for  handling 
the  junior  officers  would  prepare  them  for  subsequent  assignment 
and  be  workable  and  productive  for  OMAAC  and  the  officers 
themselves. 75 
Attracting  ArSOTC  Students  to  AFSC  57XX 
(■>  In  November,  Major  Davey  mane  another  trip  in  connection
Kith  personnel  matters  to  HQ  AffiOTC,  Maxwell  AFE,  Alabama.  His 
purpose  was  to  learn  how  INTB  could  attract  and  access  appropriate 
college  students  to  the  cartographic  geodetic  career  field  through 
AFROTC.  He  reported,  "He  are  welcome  to  contact  selected  AFROTC 
detachments  for  the  purpose  of  recruiting  cadets  with  desired 
academic  qualifications.  AFROTC  recruiting  operations  will 
distribute  a  brochure  on  the  Cartographic  Geodetic  Career  Field  to 
all  detachments  if  we  provide  the  master,  .  .  ."'6 
;/w!;ii 
Hajor  Oavey  also  ■ 
*  Goodrich 
ordinating  57XX
CHAPTER  III 
INTELLIGENCE  EDUCATION  AND  TRAINING 
DIRECTORATE  Of   JOINT  SERVICES  SUPPORT 
DIRECTORATE  Of  50VJET  AFFAIRS 
DIRECTORATE  Of  ATTACHE  AFFAIRS
DIRECTORATE  OF  JOINT  SERVICES  SUPPORT 
MISSION 
flfe  The  Directorate  of  Joint  Services  Support  {AFIS/INU)  was 
the  responsible  Air  Force  activity  for  intelligence  aspects  of  the 
Department  of  Defense  tarsbat  Survival  Program,  including  analysis 
and  production  of  intelligence  information  related  to  U.S. 
prisoners  of  war  and  detained  personnel.  It  was  responsible  for 
all  operational  aspects  of  Air  Force  participation  in  resistance 
training  programs,  including  guidance  and  coordination  with  all 
Branches  of  the  armed  forces.  It  produced  worldwide  combat 
survival  intelligence  contingency  guides  and  served  as  the 
executive  agent's  action  for  the  Department  of  Defense  code  of 
conduct  traininc  program.  It  represented  the  Air  Force  on  joint 
services  and   interagency  committees   and  working  groups  which  dealt 
divisions;    Code    of    Conduct    lltiUA)    and    Defense    Support  Programs 
(IMU3).        The    former    wsf    divided    to    three    branches:  Training 
(IfiUAAj,    Pronation    {if;UA2},    and    Library   Archives    (INJAC].       The 
latter    division    was    also    divided    into    three   branches:  Cor*ined 
Support     (IHJBA),     antiterrorism     (3KU63),     and    Technical  Support 
(ISiU3C).Z 
PERSONNEL 
!9d  as  the  director  of  the 
._.  ,_r    .  .  .    t.  Col.  Larry  L.  Ledbetter 
ief  of  the  Code  of  Conduct  Division,  and  Maj.  Robert  6. 
is  the  chief  of  the  Defense  Support  Programs  Division. 
ire  E.  Shear  was  the  chief  of  Administration  until  his 
in  March  1984.   SMSgt  Wendell  llewson  assumed  responsi- 
s  chief  of  administration  in  April  1934.   Mr.  Claude 
re  special  assistant  to  the  director,  retired  in  August
OFFICERS 
ENLISTED 
CIVILIANS 
TOTAL 
TRAINING 
Debriefing  of  L 
i  (UStl) 
itched  p 
   January,     Mai.      Robert     Dussault      and     Mr.     John 
fitcheTl   participated   in  the  debriefing  of  U.S.   Navy  It.   Robert  0. 
Goodman.  Lt.      Goodraan      was      a      naval      flight      officer,      A-6 
borabadier/navigator,  flying  a  combat  mission  over  Lebanon  on  6 
December  19E3,  when  he  was  shot  down,  captured,  and  transported  to 
DAMASCUS,      Syria.  He      was      interrogated      for      two      days      and 
incarcerated  until   his  release  on  3  January  1934. 5 
^H  On  22  August,  Mr.  Mitchell,  the  chief  of  the  Code  of 
Conduct  Training  Branch,  sent  each  of  the  Department  of  Defense 
Survival  Evasion  Resistance,  and  Escape  (SERE) ■ schools  a  copy  of 
the  debriefing  intelligence  report  J'R).  He  included  a 
of  highlights  and  supplementary  infonMtion  to  the  IR,  i 
classified  to  protect  those  individuals  Who  snay  I 
subjected  to  a  similar  situation  in  the  future.
ODD  .Evasion  Charts 
ACS/1  Establishes  Policy 
flW  On  U      April   1984, 
Oefense  (DOD) 
24  Januar   " 
agency's 
ACS/i's 
(AHS/INT 
Sen.   Pfautz,   the  ACS/I, 
veiopsaent  of  Department  of 
ion  stemmed  from  a  meeting 
1934  between  representatives  of  the  Defense  Mapping 
and  Requirements  Directorate  (DMA/PR)  and  the 
officers  in  the  APIS  Directorate  of  Targets 
iint  Services  Support  Directorate  (AFIS/INU).   At 
was  atjreed  that  AFIS/SNU  should  consolidate 
fo"  vitiation  and  submission  to  DMA.   AFIS/IKT 
mm  3.   Spec 
•t    reij'jireosents    tnrec 
s    5a(3){f),    JCSK    718- 
commands    wi  1 5 
:t1y    to    AFIS/INU 
.        AFIS/INU    * 
forward      the;: 
Of  Targets   {HQ  AFIS/W). 
forward    their    evasion 
■■I  On  3?  March.  Capt. 
LoveVady  of  the  directorate 
Defense     Kapp i  ng     Agency    Aero: 
Center     (0KAA£.)
Missouri,  to  discuss  and  establish  evasion  chart  specif icatior 
Each  item  was  discussed  at  length  and  no  major  problems  m 
encountered.  The  representatives  in  attendance  agreed  to  prodi 
a  prototype  chart  of  the  services'  raajor  SERE  training  areas 
the  CONJS  instead  Of  operational  areas.  Plant  recognition  Hi 
was  to  be  provided  by  AFIS/INU  by  the  end  of  January  1985. 
of 
for 
i  of  prototype  maps.  Geographic  coordinates  of  training 
■   '      "  '  by  AF1S/INB.   The  training  areas 
Washington  (USAF);  Fort  Bragg, 
Point,  North  Carolina  (USMC); 
n  Diego,  California  (USN-USMC); 
and  Colorado  Springs,  Colorado 
for  Fairchild  AFB, 
Carolina  {USA);   Cherry 
Brunswick  KAS,  Maine  (USN};  S, 
Nellis  AFB,  Nevada  (USAF-USMC); 
I^B  Some  of  the  evasion 
of  features 
rfRA  On  19  December  1984,  the  Deputy  Sec 
signed  the  revised  DOD  Directive  1300.7,  "Trai: 
Measures  Necessary  to  Support  the  Code  of  Condi," 
ing     the 
of 
The  r 
procedures, 
for    Kan power 
programs.*1 
m  U.S.  control  during  peacetime  and  required 
and  evaluate  ongoing  DOD  Code  of  Conduct 
ams  and  establish  and  disseminate  policies, 
ice  for  the  Assistant  Secretary  of  Defense 
jtions    and    Logistics    regarding    the    training
Jin  pact  the  guidance  for  U.S. 
from  U.S.  contro'  stated  the  following; 
.12 
4BB  SENBtAL:  U.S.  military  personnel  captured  or 
detained  by  hostile  foreign  governments  or  terrorists 
often  are  held  for  purposes  of  exploitation  of  the 
detainees  or  captives,  or  the  U.S.  Government,  or  all  of 
them.  This  exploitation  can  take  stany  forms,  but  each 
form  of  exploitation  is  assigned  to  assist  the  foreign 
government  or  the  terrorist  captors.  In  the  past, 
detainees  have  been  exploited  for  information  and 
propaganda  efforts,  including  confessions  to  crimes  never 
committed,  all  of  which  assisted  or  lent  credibility  to 
•r      governments.     Ransoms   for   captive 
ts  have  Been  paid  by  oovernisents,  and 
have  improved  terrorist  finances,  sup 
and  operations  --  often  prolonging  the 
on  by  such  groups. 
I  RESPONSIBILITY;     U.S.   military  pers 
detainees  or  captives,  can  be  assured  th; 
/ernment  will  tiafce  every  good  faith  effi 
;he;r  earliest  release,   faith  in  one's  c 
way  of  life,  faith  in  fellow  detains 
g  exploitation  an-6  having  faith  in  these 
responsibility  of  all  Americans.  On  the 
is  destruction  of  such  faith  must  be  the  a 
:  ail  captors  determined  to  maximize  their 
GOAL:  Every  reasonable  _step 
litary  personnel  to  prevent 
es  and  trie  SJ,S,  Government, 
e  prevented  completely,  every  s 
:  sources  of  exploitation.  That  is, 
cressfully  may  expect  detainers   t 
further  exploitation  attempts.   Detai 
ry  often  must  make  their  own  judgment
situation  to  resist  exploitation  upholds  DOB  policy,  the 
founding  principles  of  the  United  States,   and  the 
highest  traditions  of  military  service. 
Requirements  for  Levels  Band  C  Training 
flfe  On  21  December  1984,  three  days  after-  the  signing  of  the 
revised  DOD  Directive  1300.7  Colonel  Webb,  the  director  o< 
AFIS/INU,  distributed  to  each  of  the  military  services  the 
"Requirements  for  Level  S  and  Level  C  Training  in  Support  of  the 
Code  of  Conduct,"  which  provided  the  minimum  training  requirements 
necessary  to  implement  Level  E  and  Level  C  training  as  required  by 
POD  Directive  1300. 7. I3 
dH|  In  198',  approximately  30  years  after  the 
sioning  of  Executive  Order  10631  establishing  the  Code 
of" Conduct,  approximately  JO  years  after  the  issuance  of 
the  cioinal  Duu  Directive  1300.7,  and  almost  four  years 
after  the  establishment  of  a  DOD  Executive  Agent, 
adequate  and  appropriately  uniform  Code  of  Conduct 
related  training  throughout  the  D00  still  does  not  exist 
for  military  personnel  of  moderate  qr  high  risk  of 
:  Secretary  of  Defense 
,„«r\ 
Throughout  the  year,  the  directorate  coordinated  with 
is   military  service's  training  departments  on  a  training 
On  1!  January, 
approval  for  it.  On  ZA  July,  the  directorate  submitted  a  request 
through  Hq  USAF/XOORV  to  the  Joint  Services  Audio-Visual 
Production  Group  for  approval  of  the  film  as  a  joint  service 
production.  The  film  was  approved.  As  of  December,  each  military 
sprvice  was  staffino  the  paperwork  for  the  movie  for  funding
4Ht  The  proposed  tv 
was  to  depict  a  captive  -   -   -,-.  •■■  -  — -■     ,-  --     
country.  It  was  to  show  prisoners  of  war  experiencing  all  aspects 
cf  captivity  and  coercive  pressures  as  well  as  various  aspects  of 
the  exploitation  process.  The  product  was  to  identify  and  teach 
the  following  resistance  training  subjects:  1)  the  exploitation 
pro-cess,  including  propaganda,  indoctrination,  and  interrogation, 
2}  the  pressures  encountered  in  a  captive  environment,  and  3)  the 
methods  approved  by  DOD  to  resist. 16 
AFRTS  KEOIA  Spots 
4flfr  Ur'  2  Kirch  i934'  thB  Erector  of  INU  requested  that 
American  Forces  Information  Service  update  certain  Code  of  Conduct 
"spots"  being  broadcast  over  the  Armed  Forces  Radio  and  Television 
Station  (AFSTS)  which  were  approaching  their  dates  of  obsolesence. 
The  service  approved  the  request,  and  an  9  November  Kr.  Mitchell 
of  ItiJ/w  met  with  representatives  from  AFRTS  to  review  and  discuss 
concept/treetnseni  proposals.  Production  of  the  new  spots  was 
expected  to  begin  in  early  spring  1985. *' 
RIDSi:  BUHNER  &t 
Q0§  the  directorate  ■ 
Virginia.  This  was  the  fourth 
training  exercises  devoted  ent' 
SIDG;  RWKiR  provided  a  trainin 
all  four  U.S.  arrasd  services  ai 
1)  the  teaching  and/or  briefing 
2)  the  conducting  of  basic,  aavarscea.  ur  w"«»l™i  =*«<«=. 
training.  A  total  of  sixty-four  enlisted  and  twenty-seven 
officers  were  or  station  by  the  canning  of  22  Aucust  to 
participate  in  the  exrcise.5£ 
AXfe  Runners  received  classroom  and  field  instruction  plus 
briefings  by  guest  speakers  who  told  of  their  actual  combat 
evasion  experiences  during  World  War  II  and  Vietnam.  Following 
this,  they  participated  in  a  week  of  field  maneuvers  where  they 
put  to  practice  the  principles  and  techniques  received  in  the 
classroom.   Additionally,  the  runners  were  exposed  to  a  variety  of 
with  useful  experiences  and  thus  increased  their  credibility  when 
they  conducted  future  instructional  sessions.  Finally,  the 
runners  participated  in  small  and  large  group  seminars  in  which 
they  shared  experiences  and  insights  with  each  other  and  discussed 
"lessons   learned."     All   runners   we^e   afforded   a   further
MB  On  24  August,  the  runners  were  transported  to  the  1000- 
acre  training  area  and  received  field  instruction  and  supervised 
practice  on  the  following  subjects:  I)  evasion  field  Jiving, 
which  included  information  on  water,  food,  shelter,  fire,  care  and 
use  of  clothing  and  equipment,  2)  camouflage  and  hiding,  and 
3)  day  and  nighttime  navigation.  Training  commenced  at  0800,  24 
August,  and  terminated  at  0300,  25  August,  after  the  last  student 
reported  in  from  the  night  movement  problem.  One  student  was 
injured  from  a  fall,  received  a  mild  concussion,  was  treated  by 
medical  personnel,  and  was  subsequently  released  from  the 
exercise. ZO 
4MB  Runner  personnel  were  recovered  and  returned  to  Can>p 
Dawson  ir,  sis  UH1-K  sorties  flo«n  from  the  Army  National  Guard 
aviation  facility  at  Parkersberg,  West  Virginia.  As  the  runners 
were  returned  to  Camp  Dawson,  they  were  met  by  a  member  of  the 
exercise-  staff,  and  an  initial  debrief  was  conducted.  Runners 
were  asked  if  they  stole  or  damaged  any  property.  This  was  done 
to  reimburse  the  local  residents  and  maintain  good  -e'fltions. 
After  a  short  welcome  back  on  3  September  1984,  nr.r.ers  were 
divided  into  small  seminar  groups  to  review  the  entire  exercise.'' 
flHfi  During  the  small  group  seminar  sessions,  a  spokesman  for 
the  group  was  identified  to  make  a  presentation  during  the  main 
debrief,  and  seven  presentations  were  made  by  these  spokesmen 
during  this  time.  The  subject  matter  of  the  presentation  ranged 
froiis  lessons  learned  and  petty  gripes  to  constructive,  ji'jective 
criticisms  of  the  exercise.  Additionally,  students  were  asked  to 
complete  a  written  critique.  At  the  end  of  the  debrief  session, 
RIDGE  RUNftER  certificates  were  presented  ! 
Col.  Ledbetter.  Closing  comments  wer. 
portion  of  the  exercise  was  completed. 
ial 
.taff 
to 
Morgantown,     West 
made  and  the  official 
At  0500,  3  September, 
out -processed.  Bus
sons  Learned  and  Recommendations 
The  following  are  RIDS£  RUNNEK  81  "lessons  learr.id":24 
«a.     Based    on    critique    documentation    from 
four  RIDGE  RUNNER  exercises,   we  perceive  a 
s!s 
d.     Evas-ton    charts    prin 
rior    to    paper    charts    in 
life  expectancy- 
durability,     Ot 
her 
sS; 
ling  is  needed. 
affecting  i 
.training 
evasion  operati 
for 
Hb  The  fo,k 
Ming   are  RIDGE mmiR  84 recommendations 
,:« 
Us   esSltsM RecoTOiiend    ths' 
n-    a    joint    ad- Lsn™ (on    school    for 
all" 
ODD 
period     Of     on. 
Recommend   thai :  K!DG£   RUNNER   be  terrainat 
;er    to    evaluate    o'her    av- ed  f 
s    of 
-eacrnng  mare personal  witn .  existing  r esources/progr* 
;oSFjCS'e> 
Recosraend  e«1 
.ercises  by  the 
nation  cf   s 
!,",T,A",,,«" 
;fi« '  all 
Drograms    for 
Recommend         * 
nUlHgence personnel   be  t 
>valL 
ining 
On    2S-3Q    Key    1SS4,
Station,  North  Island,  California,  to  conduct  the  resistance 
training  seminar.  His  presentation  was  to  approximately  sixty- 
five  SERE  instructors  and  addressed  the  physical  and  psychological 
pressures  of  captivity,  the  exploitation  process,  and  the  use  of 
DOQ-approved  resistance  techniques.  Also  briefed  (rare  the 
interrogation:  1)  friendly,  2  shock  and  surprise,  3}  fear  and 
despair!  1)  threat  and  rescue,  5)  accusations  6)  disgrace, 
71  nan-  interrogator,  and  8)  electronic.   On  10-21  November.  Br. 
Hit 
U.S.  Navy  SERE  School,  NftS,  Brunswick,  Maine, 
conduct  another  resistance  training  seminar.  This  was 
ented  to  approximately  forty  Navy  SERE  instructors  and  covered 
same  information  presented  at  NAS  North  Island." 
^■ft  On  27-30  November  1981-  Major  DusSsun.  nnu  •■«  .  ■■•-.••-■• 
attended  the  Survival  Course  Training  Standards  <CTS}  Conference 
at  rairchtld  AFfi,  Washington.  Tliey  attended  as  the 
of  the  000  executive  agent  (EA)  for  SERE  training, 
o  Comnand  sponsored  the  conference.  Although  there 
was  no  reqlnre^nt  for  ATC  to  invite  AF1S/INU  representatives  to 
the  conference,  INU's  participation  appeared  to  have  permitted 
personnel  from  KQ  USAF/KPPTF  and  MO  ATC/DON  to  better  understand 
DOO-level  concerns  about  SERE  and  Code  of  Conduct  Training. <« 
following  information,  which  v. 
training  program:*' 
M  a.  The  Military  Airlift  Conjr.and  had  an  ■ S-Y80-A  «aiver 
that  im   take  steps  to  get  USAF/MPPTf
^Hfe  HSgt  Lovelady  concluded  that  the  information  presented 
to  enrcrews  by  Det  2  personnel  was  up-to-date,  informative,  and 
presented  In  a  professional  and  outstanding  manner.  At  the  very 
least,  the  Det  2  program  could  serve  as  a  continuation  training 
model  for  aircrews  in  the  D0&.  Also,  the  combat  evasion/survival 
scenarios  during  KREEN  FLAG  84-03  could  be  valuable  to  the  INU 
Training  Branch  in  the  formulation  of  evasion  tactics  and  policy 
and  in  writing  the  prr—"=d  joint  evasion  manual. JH
jrify  the  w aiver  policy. 
He  asked, 
"Are  K«C  crews  co 
nsidered 
risk?   If 
so,  they  all 
need  trair nng.   If  not,  n. 
C,  teehnic. 
illy. -31 
flfc  b.  There  was  a  S-V80-A  backlog  of  8,919  active 
aircTews.  "Obviously  these  8,919  are  not  being  adequately 
trained!"  The  major  stated. 32 
■■J)  c.  The  training  capacity  for  the  S-VBO-A  program  was 
governed  by  billeting  facilities.  The  facilities  which  had 
existed  during  the  Vietnam  era,  had  been  partially  converted  to 
offices  for  wing  and  squadron  personnel.  The  conversion  reduced 
billeting  facilities  and  the  capacity  of  the  S-V80-A  program  by 
approximately  50  percent.33 
«e.  The  Arctic  School,  an  eny 
y  attended  by  both  Air  force  and 
which  made  the  school  a  one-service  opera 
attendance.^ 
sH|  f .  Soitse  major  ^commands  wanted  . 
GHEEN  FLftd  84-03 
^A  KSqt  Charles  W.  Lovelady  monttoreri  Exercise  Sf 
8<5-03at  till Hs  AFB,  Nevada,  11-17  March  1984.  Ou 
exercise  he  gathered  information  pertinent  to  operationa 
as  implemented  against  the  threat  present  during  the 
The  data  was  to  be  used  in  documenting  operational  evasii 
and  tactics  in  the  proposed  joint  operationa!  evasion  manu 
single"  evader  combat  extraction;  and  f-4  pilot  single  evader 
scenario.  On  the  last  day,  he  met  with  the  eonroander  and  staff  of 
Oet  2  3636  CCTw  to  summarize  the  week's  observations  and  discuss 
initiatives  dealing  with  combat  survival  and  operational  evasion 
which  were  on-going  or  likely  to  arise  in  the  future.3*
\   On  21  April  -  12  May  ISC;,  It. 
MB  On  21  April  -  12  May  »',  tt.  wi.  Larrj 
Major^<obert  Dussauit,  and  Mr.  John  fiitchell  observed 
FLEETDEER  64  of  FLINTLOCK  34,  provided  assiscan-e  to 
exercise  staff  for  other  '84  and  '85  exercises,  and  p 
-     ^-.j....      „t ......  j     ._,--;_-      t-.     CI  FFTOFFR     ..erritf     f 
-ry    Led better. 
of  ComfiiLi  j-e ! 
They  accompiisl 
Europe     (SGCEUR 
i    and    '85   ™.„ 
aining    to    FLEETDtER 
'      '  ■      ■*     HQ    S 
the  HQ  EUCGfc 
provided  Code 
.lis  at  HQ  Speciai  Operations  Conraand 
-racks,  Vaihingen,  Germany,  and  the 
sty  {If}   at  Ki go  Id,   Germany.43
debriefing  and  personal  critique  for  the  evader/POW  participant. 
The  purpose  of  that  portion  of  the  exercise  was  to  reinforce 
learning  derived  frorc  the  exercise,  to  share  experiences  so  other 
participants  could  learn  fror.i  someone  else's  experiences,  to 
discuss  the  group's  performance  from  the  exercise  staff's  point  of 
view,  and  to  provide  an  opportunity  to  answer  questions  that  may 
have  developed  as  a  result  of  any  phase  of  the  exercise.  The 
latter,  according  to  the  IW  observers,  included  a  very  poorly 
planned  effort  to  discuss  and  critique  the  participants 
performance  in  the  captivity  and  interrogation  phase.  The 
critiques  were  unstructured  and  achieved  little  or  no  learning 
benefit.*4 
£A  The  INU  participants  recownettded  the  following: 
That  all  future  fleetdeer  exercises  of  similar 
participant  size  and  including  a  captivity/interrogation 
phase  eras  ley  approximately  six  qualified  resistance 
training  instructors  from  the  JSAF  Survival  School  at 
instructors 
of 
„. ._    .,      conduct  a 
ritique/feedbsck  portion  of  the 
aiurr.  learning  oenefil 
but   mor 
structure 
wnother  benefit 
njng  instructors 
;ors.  The  latter  would 
h  the  requirement  of 
que  during  the  exercise 
would  anow  the  interrogators  to 
r  profession  of  interrogation  and  not 
therr,  the  burden  to  provide  guidar 
■  the  HUK1NT  interrog; 
be  encumbered  wi 
the  evader/PG*  a  crit 
;sed  wit! 
ling. 
This 
zander  of  the  3613CCTS_ 
;oraraendation  and  plan  to  imp' 
next  year's  exercise.  NOTE: 
lining  instructors  are  no 
jrcises  of  this  type,  the 
lining  portion  of  the  exei 
nsonance  with  BOD  policy.^3 
the 
IF, 
They  favor  the 
smee  t  the  recon>nendat  i  on 
If  qualified  resistance 
:  employed  in  future 
interrogation/resistance 
cise  would  not  be  in
n  of  USAFA  SEfi:  Program 
Training   Branch 
a   Academy's  , Surviv 
ng  Program  f 
ield  1 
The  a 
ItiU's 
aluatio 
1300.7  requirements. 
stay  aliv 
programs 
00C  SERE  ■ 
portion  of  the  SERE  program  was 
Mjation  with  the  objective  being  to 
friendly  located  and  rescued  the 
ing  policy  dictated  that  all  SERE 
Ti--  emphasis  had  to  be  on 
iity  ■ 
stay 
prsvent  .
enemy  frora  capturing  him  or  her,  and  successfully  evade  and 
ultimately  return  to  friendly  contra!. 
Bb  The  evaluators  sent  the  USAF  A  six  and  one  half  pages  of 
omrnafidations  for  improving  the  academy's  SERE  program.  Colonel 
b  stated,  "This  Directorate  remains  eager  to  assist  CHI  in  its 
tinuing  efforts  to  provide  quality  training. "=* 
M  ;n  February,  Colonel  Webb  sent  to  the  USAF/HPPTF  a 
ATC/DQJ.  a  thirteen-page  critique  of  the  proposed  survival  manu 
AFK  64-SX.   The  directorate's  general  recommendations  «ere 
reformat  the  document  to  address  subjects  by   geographical  zona, 
scrutinize  the  document  for  copyright  infringements,  and 
car»fulW   edit   to   include   standardization   of   style   a 
AFf,  65-5 
flMb  In  Kay  Colonel  Keoo  sent  ATC/UOKI  four  and  a  half  pages 
of  suggestions  to  correct  draft  AFM  64-5.  A  major  suggestion  was 
to  adopt  an  A?  Form  1000  suggestion,  entitled  "Combat  Survival 
Checklist,"  or  a  substitute  Chapter  1  for  AFM  65-5.  The  list 
consisted  of  eight  parts:  1)  After  Landing,  2)  Moving  to  a  Kolo- 
Up  Site,  1-)  Selectinc  a  Kold-Up  Site,  4)  Actions  to  Consider  at  a 
hold-Up  Site  5)  Movement  and  Travel  Considerations,  6}  Movement 
and  Travel  Techniques,  7)  Recovery  Site  Selection,  and  8}  SAS 
COiimiunication  Procedures. "  ^ 
Army  FK  21-76 
SOn  18  October  1S84,  It.  Col.  Ledbetter  informed  the 
■  of  the  Army's  JFK  Special  Warfare  Center,  Special  Forces 
School,  SERE  Division,  that  Army  FM  21-76,  Survival,  was  in 
compliance  with  003  training  policy.  He  also  sent  sixteen  pages 
of  recoamendad  changes  to  the  text  and  appendices.  Staff  from  INU 
Believed  that  the  manual,  because  of  its  format,  content,  and 
stvle  would  be  widely  used  throughout  the  DOO  SERE  training 
coL.nitv.54
<uC  Course  Training  Standard 
b  On  30  April  19&4,  the  directorate  informed  KQ  USAF/MPPTf" 
its  personnel  had  reviewed  the  proposed  course  training 
3rd  for  course  S-V80-A,  Basic  Survival,  and  found  that  the 
document  complied  with  Department  of  Defense  policy.  Four  minor 
suggestions  were  offered  to  improve  the  document.  Colonel  Webb 
concluded  by  stating,  "He  applaud  the  new  course  description's 
emphasis  on  'correal  survival.'  This  approach  reflects  the  DOD 
position  that  all  SERE  training  must  stress  the  combat  environment 
with  only  minimum  attention  given  tc  a  non-hostile  situation. "55 
ATC  Course  S-V80-A 
4Sb  fr°n   10  October    to  Zi   October  1984,  the  INU  directorate 
conducted  an  evaluation  of  the  rtir  training  Command  Course  S-VBO-fi 
at  Fairchild  AF&,  Washington.   in  his  general  comments  Colonel 
the  finest  observes  within  the  Department  of  Defense,  The 
instructors  and  supervisors  observed  demonstrated  professionalise: 
in  every  regard  and  were  obviously  dedicated  to  maximum  student 
learning.  Some  areas  of  training  however,  did  require  changes, 
and  these  were  sent  on  30  November . =° 
Special  Experience  Identifier .forjt- 
4BB  In  Cay  the  directorate  requested  that  HC;  U5ftF/H?CRPQI 
revise  the  special  experience  identifier  "12,"  which  was  the  Si  I 
for  evasion  and  escape  {E&E)  operations.  The  Suggestion  revision 
read"  "Rewires  completion  of  USfiF  Combat  Survival  School, 
participation  as  an  evader  in  at  least  one  additional  field 
evasion  exercise,  ond  three  years  experience  as  an  E&E  instructor 
in  a  fighter,  holder,  fAC  or  special  operations  flying  unit."3' 
dBR  The  proposed  revision  substituted  "three  years 
experience  as  an  HI  instructor  in  a  ?  .  .  flying  unit"  for  the 
original  "IS  months  experience  in  tVL    staff  duty."  _  This  was  to 
E&E  considerations  before  being  assigned  to  E5E  Staff  duty.  The 
proposed  revision  also  deleted  the  requirement  of  "participation 
in  the  management  of  E8.E  operations  during  at  least  one  field 
training  exercise."  Managing  an  E6E  exercise  was  actually  part  of 
the  job  description  of  an  lit  staff  officer,  and  individuals 
usualiy  met  this  criteria  after  they  had  worked  as  an  Ett  Staff
UBKARY  ARCHIVES  ACTIVITIES 
Transferrel.of  nCode  of  Conduct  Historian-Librarian  Function 
Nflh  A  conference  on  the  transferral  of  the  Code  of  Conduct 
historian-librarian  function  to  HQ  AFIS/INU  fross  the  Hbrary  of 
the  3636  Corcbat  Crew  Training  Wing  (CCTW)  was  held  in  February  at 
Fait-child  fife,  Washington.  In  attendance  were  Mr.  John  Milton, 
th*  librarian  for  the  3636  CCTW,  Capt.  George  If  land,  representing 
MQ  ATC/OON ,  and  from  SNU  Lt.  Co!.  Larry  Ledbetter,  Mr.  John 
Mitchell,  and  Mr.  Karl  Owens.  Mr.  Owens,  who  was  the  chief  of  the 
Library  Archives  Branch  {INUfiC],  inventoried  most  of  the  CCTW's 
library  holdings  of  unpublished  eoctsments  and  arranged  for  copies 
of  key  bibliographies  to  be  forwarded  to  INUAC." 
fit 
conference  the  following 
historian  and  lit 
dp^fc  b.  All  requests  for  SERE  related  inforsaatio 
originating  outside  the  3636  will  be  funneled  throug 
fiFIS/INU  for  resolution. 
4V  c.  The  3636th  library  is  no  longer  require 
to  collect  Code  of  Conduct  related  material  as  require 
by  ODD  1300.7. 
flHB  d.  MQ  fiTC  retains  responsibility  for  an
Mfe     As    of    1    March    1981,     the 
responsibility  for   the   Code   of   Cc-ndu 
function."* 
1?      July      INUSC's      appli< 
reSP°HSib0 
for 
cad* 
sidings. 
Informatiot ,  ss 
;eMD1 
tsty   of   SERE    subject   documents    had   already   been 
set  with  AFM3C   and  MJL 
On    16-27    July,    Mr.    Owens    performed    his    annual    reserv: 
ity    tour     at     the    Air    Force    Historical     Research     Cente. 
ad   a   Code   of    Conduct   bibliography    there    and    establish^' 
jf  Ms.  Ruth  Muliane,  the  chie 
the  Array  Library  (Pentagon),  i 
i   be    officially    registered    nitl 
>S.  He  also  diSWSsetS  updating  of  the  Ana 
lar  bibliography  that  Mas  published  in  Marc 
wsented  in  February  1360.  «s.  Mullan 
-its   a   letter   to  the  Library's  director,   Ms 
t,  which  was  done.  As  of  December,  n 
regarding  the  update.  On  7  Oececiber,  Mr 
>  library  and  officially  registered  INijkC  i 
e    of    Library."        Mr.     Onens     and    Mr.     Joh
Kitchen  on  a  TUV  tri 
meet  with  the  staff. 
Mr.  Qdom,  the  SERE  curr 
of  Mi's  library  and  tl 
highlighted  several  ar 
could  mutuaily  support 
bibliography  of  his  h 
program." 
Purchase  of  Bosks  . 
-.  Owens  accompanied  Mr. 
to  the  Navy  SERE  School  at  Brunswick, 
to  survey  the  SERE  reference  library  end 
-.  Owens  participated  in  discussions  with 
:ulum  specialist,  concerning  the  functions 
ir  reference  facility.  These  discussions 
.s  in  which  INiiAC  and  the  SERE  library 
ich  other.  Mr.  Odom  agreed  to  provide  a 
dings  to  1NUAC,  while  INUAC  agreed  to 
i  anonymous  OSAF  POW  debriefing  <    J" 
Force  Academy  SERE 
effect iv 
tfCC 
5  rapidly  i: 
1  the  INUAC  reference 
library  of 
books  before  the  end  of  198*.  INUAC  was  considering  a  request 
blanket  purchase  agreements  with  sources  of  its  own  selection. 
equipment  procurement  package  on  18  October  j^as  entered  into 
-Supply  system  for  purchase  of  a  portable  microfilm  camera  ai 
'  nicroforss  reader-printer.  Delivery  of  this  equijwen 
INUAC 
luary  1S85.'
JOINT  SERVICES  SUPPORT 
Represents! 
M  lo  Jan 
TOT  ATS  be 
combat  i 
ry,  the   chief  of   staff  of  the  All 
tablished.   The  groups  charter 
a  new  form  of  armed  conflict,  review 
dentify  weaknesses  in  the  Air  force's 
sing 
>111ty 
examine 
General  Scheidet,  who  was  the  assistant  inspector 
for  Security  Police,  chaired  the  group,  "hich  had  represi 
from  across  the  Air  Staff.    Maj.  Robert  Dussault 
Directorate  of  Joint  Services  Support  represented  AFI5/INJ 
member  of  ATG's  Antiterrorism  Training  Subgroup,  which  firs 
27  January  1981.   he  briefed  the  members  on  IHU's  antiten 
of 
train 
16  Kay  198',  th i  ATG  completed 
group's  "USA?  Antv 
iiities  to  Combat  T 
ts
4Ai  Representatives  of  AF/Ik  provide  briefings  to 
a  number  of  BOD  agencies  on  how  to  survive  hostage 
Situations  with  honor.  The  briefings  were  initiated 
shortly  after  the  seizure  of  the  US  Embassy  in  Iran  in 
November  1979.  To  date,  over  5,000  personnel  have  been 
briefed.  Regular  recipients  of  the  briefings  include 
students  at:  the  Defense  Intelligence  College,  the 
Marine  Security  Guard  School,  the  Defense  Institute  of 
Security  Assistance  Management  School,  the  National 
Defense  University,  the  Department  of  State's  "Coping 
with  Violence  Abroad"  course,  and  the  USAfSOS  "Dynamics 
4P>  After  revie 
MPPTF,  Colonel  Webb,  ' 
AF/IGT  becoming  the 
survival  manager  re; 
peacetime  hostage  tra 
all 
a  draft  chapter  for  the  Kir  Force 
scussing  issues  with  AF/XDXP/1GT  and 
■ector  of  INU,  was  fully  supportive  of 
ral  antiterrorism  peacetime  hostage 
le  for  validation  and  priori  tiling 
requirements.  He  stated,  "We  concur 
revised  draft.  .  .  wherein  AF/XO's 
of  AF/IGT  management  has  been  rescinded. 81
in     198fl,      the     INU     dii 
ainlnq    quotas    for    attendance 
.rrorisar    fOIT)    "        -"-" 
■equested     and 
?    Dynamics    of 
offered    at   Hurlburt   Field, 
responsibilities 
participated  in  acting 
Stevens  and  MS  (ft  Jonn  K 
managers    of    the    film, 
Capt.    Jamas    C.
the  following:  1) 
e  «snua!,  2}  revie* 
,     and     charts,     3|
cise  ftlJoE   ftUHh£ftS<i . 
■I    The    joint    escape    manual    **s    to   be    the    first 
tempT  to     assemble     in    one     document     escape     procedui 
uld   produce    the   manual    by    late   19S5   or   early   19B5-       I 
ntractors'     do     the     research,     study     and    writing     for
Law  of  War  and  Leasl  Matters 
La«  of  War  Workshop 
JB     On     £-9     March     1984,     Colonel 
atteri3ed   the  Law  of   War   workshop    at   the 
General's   School,    Charlottesville,    Virgi; 
aetior.   office   for    the    secretary    of    the 
U.S.    Anr,y  . 
hi  a.     fiecau? 
Air   Force    o: 
1   Code   of 
:nihg   i 
t  Chiefs  of  Staff, 
ecialized  training  for  peacetime  hostage  survival  unoer  me 
;rroHsm  regulation  AFR  208-1,  INK  requested  and  received 
ions  for  attendance  at  the  Legal  Aspects  of  Terrorise  Course 
«  Advanced  Law  of  War  Seminar. 93 
n  of  v 
r  of  War" 
^B  In  July,  the  00D  definition  fi 
XT  Pud  1,  "DOD  Dictionary  of  Kilita 
submitted  by  HQ  USAF/XQXl  0.      The  INU 
merited    on    the    proposed    definition    in 
iirector  had  re 
December    1963
USCENTCOK  Legal  Confer 
SCmCOK 
   „,,  5-9  November  1984,  It.  Stevens  of  INU  attended  the 
USCENT^M  2nd  Annual  Legal  Conference,  MscDrM  AFB,  Florida.^  Some 
of  the  topics  of  discussion  were  tfte   ~      :* 
engagement,  naval  warfare,  overflight, 
issues,  and  terrorise.95 
fol lowing: 
NAM  POW  B iefin 
On  23  June  1981,  Colonel  Webb  and  Major  Ouss 
.  .       -iefing  t 
-eunion  in  Austin,  Texas, 
urisoner  of  war,  presented 
responsibilities  related  t( 
Mrectwe  1300.7,  as  well  i 
an  Article  V  of  the  Code, 
iibbcn  Defense  Review  Commit 
Vietnam  prisoners  of  « 
Colonel  Webb,  himself  a  Vietnam 
n  overview  of  the  DOD  executive  agent 
Code  of  Conduct  training  under  000 
;  an  update  concerning  the  200  policy 
as  revised  by  the  past  Vietnam  Blue
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flft  The  staff  of  the  Directorate  of  Joint  Services  Support  (AF1S/IKU). 
Seated  left  to  right:  Hajor  Robert  S.  Dussault,  Colonel  Ronald  J,  Webb 
(Director),  lieutenant  Colonel  Larry  L.  Ledbetter,  SKSgt  Wendell  Heitson.  The 
ladies  standing  left  to  right:  Sheila  A.  Epps.  Barbara  B.  Fox.  The  ten 
standing  left  to  right:  KSgt  John  K.  Fristoe,  Loreto  J.  Stracqualuris, 
Captain  Clyde  Lm,  TSgt  Jaaes  C.  Caratichael,  John  H.  Mitchell,  TSgt  Allen 
Erickson,  Richard  Shear,  KSgt  Charles  if.  Lovelady,  Karl  W.  Owen,  Captain  Paul 
R.  Broshear.  Captain  Thaws  ft.  tteCabe.  Captain  Jaaes  C.  Stevens.
Eiercise  SIOGE  IttJMO.  The  up  ■«  prepared  a 
r  Bittation  (Topographic)  (Arsy).  Tlw  propone 
ate    of    Targets    (Mapping,    Charting,    «nd   6eooe
jSUy,,*..        '  \ 
Three  of  the  thirty  types  of  plants  shown  oo  the  specially  designed  map,  'Ca»p  • 
Dawson  and  Vicinity,*  used  in  Exercise  RIDeE  RUBIER,  sponsored  by  the  AFIS 
Directorate  of  Joint  Services  Support.
DIRECTORATE  OF  SOVIET  AFFAIRS 
MISSION  OF  THE  DIRECTORATE 
flft  The  mission  of  the  Directorate  of  Soviet  Affairs  (INC) 
was  to  carry  out  the  U.S.  A1r  Force  Soviet  Awareness  Program, 
which  was  designed  to  keep  each  menber  of  the  A1r  Force  informed 
and  aware  of  Soviet  doctrine,  strategy,  tactics,  force  structure, 
and  con*at  employment.  During  wartime  operations,  the  •  INC 
directorate  was  to  provide:  1.)  expertise  on  a  wide  range  of 
Soviet  military-political  affairs  to  the  Air  Staff  and  other 
Washington  area  decision -makers,  2.)  analysis  of  worldwide 
developments  using  past  knowledge  and  current,  all-source 
information,  and  3.)  quick-reaction  translation  and  analytical 
services  as  necessary  through  utilUation  of  APIS  reservists.! 
4||  In  1934,  there  were  no  major  organizational  changes 
within  the  directorate.  It  continued  to  consist  of  two  major 
divisions,  L iterature  Research  (INCF)  and  Soviet  Awareness  (INCR). 
Positions  Realigned  . 
4ttt  Two  positions  were  realigned,  however,  to  provide  better 
support  for  the  Soviet  Awareness  Division  (INCR).  The  change  of 
an  Inventory  Management  Specialist  slot  (AFSC  64550!  to  an 
Intelligence  Operation  Technician  slot  (AFSC  20170)  was  put  Into 
effect,  and  the  latter  position  was  filled  during  the  sunmer  1964. 
The  technician  was  primarily  responsible  for  the  upgrade  and 
upkeep  of  the  military  display.  Also,  the  70Z7Q  administrative 
position  within  INC,  responsible  for  support  to  the  Soviet 
Awareness  Programs,  was  temporarily  moved  to  INCR  to  test  the 
benefits  of  INCR  having  its  own  division  administrative  support. 
It  was  envisioned  that  this  would  streafiline  supervisory  lines  of 
control.  A  permanent  change  of  this  position  was  expected  to 
occur  in  early  19S5.2 
PERSONNEL 
Key  Personnel 
September 
1981,    Col.    Lloyd    T.    Moore^ 
former  executive   officer   to   the  SAC/IN,    replaced   Col.    George   V 
ish    as    the    director    of    INC.       Colonel    Wish   was    to    re'"-      ' 
averober  1984;    however,    he  was  extended  on  active  duty  for 
easons.       On    1    November    1984,    Maj.    Orr   Y.    Potebnya,    formerly 
ir  Force  Academy  instructor,    replaced  It.  Col.   Larry  Pi  " 
hief    of    the   Literature   Research    Division.      Lt.    Col. 
the 
ical
retired  from  the  Air  Force.  Throughout  the  year,  Lt.  Col.  William 
C.  McDonald  continued  as  the  chief  of  the  Soviet  Awareness 
Division.  Capt.  Jack  J.  Nettis,  Jr.,  formerly  a  briefer  with  the 
Soviet  Awareness  Division,  replaced  Maj.  Robert  Yablonski  as  the 
executive  officer.  Major  Yablanski  was  transferred  to  the  Defease 
Intelligence  Agency,  Attache  Affairs. 3 
Manning  Strength 
^A  As  of  December,  the  manning  strength  of  the  directorate 
was  ~o1  lows:" 
NO.  AUTHORIZED    HO.  ..ASSIGNED   PERCEHTftSE 
OFFICERS  17  12  n% 
ENLISTED  9  9  100* 
CIVILIANS  _5.  J,  100* 
TOTAL  31  26  84% 
SAt  year's  end,  three  officer  billets  were  vacant  on  the 
■asm  Soviet  Awareness  briefing  team.  One  individual  was 
reassigned  to  work  for  the  deputy  director  for  Intelligence  and 
External  Affairs,  DIA.  Another  individual  left  to  work  for  the 
USAF  vice  chief  of  staff,  and  a  third  was  reassigned  to  the  AF71N- 
APIS  current  intelligence  briefing  team.  From  the  Literature 
Research  Division,  one  of  the  officers  went  to  work  on  the  Moscow- 
-Washington  "hotline."  It  seemed  to  INC  authorities  that  because 
of  the  high  caliber  of  personnel  within  INC,  other  organizations, 
especially  those  with  a  briefing  mission,  looked  at  INC  for 
recruits.  Unprotected  losses  to  INC  often  took  six  months  to  fill 
and  another  three  to  four  months  to  train  replacements,  because  it 
was  difficult  to  find  persons  who  had  both  the  Soviet  studies 
background  and  the  briefing  ability.5 
Manpower 
i  December,  the  AFIS  vice  comnander  requested  that  the 
consider  and  respond  to  the  proposal  that  INC  identify 
iition  to  iose  for  the  effort  by  APIS  to  identify  ten 
bat   had    to   be   cut    by  fiscal    year    1986    in    a   mandated 
(INCF)      was 
the  impact  of 
eventually  selected  a 
ision   (INCR),   since   t\ 
.iterature  Research  Division
gflP  INCR  has  a  critical  imbalance  of  officer/enlisted 
personnel  under  current  manning.  The  201X0  incumbents 
are  required  to  courier,  process,  disseminate,  file  and 
purge  all  daily  traffic.  They  are  responsible  for 
proper  cataloging,  production,  control,  and  maintenance 
of     division     audiovisual      products.  This      division 
survives  Because  people  are  here  to  perform  these 
necessary  functions  while  the  team  travels  to  present 
the  Soviet  Awareness  Program.  Removing  one  of  the  two1 
Program  9  NCOS  reduces  our  capability  to  maintain  our 
program  materials  by  501.  The  need  to  increase  team 
wanning  has  already  been  established  to  siaintain  our 
projected  schedule.  Loss  of  a  201X0  will  put  greater 
strain  on  an  already  strained  teas.  Immediate  and  long 
term  consequences  will  be  a  reduced  travel  schedule,  a 
less  effective  Soviet  Military  Power  Week  program,  and 
an  overall  reduction  in  the  quality  of  our  highly 
regarded  programs." 
The  decision  about  which  ten  positions  within  AF1S  to  cut  was  to 
be  made  in  early  1985. 
RELOCATION  TO  BUILDING  1304 
(SRft  By  the  end  of  the  year,  the  directorate's  move  from 
3uilding  520  to  the  second  floor  of  Building  1304  on  Boiling  Air 
Force  Base  was  nearly  completed.  The  relocation  of  INC  and  INCR 
was  B5  percent  accomplished,  with  only  minor  construction  required 
to  complete  the  relocation.  A  sensitive  corapartmented  information 
facility  (SCIF)  still  had  to  be  built  within  the  area  of  Building 
1304  identified  for  use  by  the  Literature  Research  Division,  and 
1    ■      ■  in   the   autumn  of   1985.      Reservist   support 
t  Andrews  Air  force  Base  assisted  with  the 
selection.  The     new      facility      provided      a     more      professional 
environment  in  which  to  present  the  Soviet  Military  Power  Weeks, 
the  Soviet  Military  Power  Says,  and  other  special  programs.  Also, 
the  new  classroom  facility  was  larger  than  the  previous  one, 
capable  of  accomodating  one  hundred  students  instead  of  seventy.9 
SOVIET  AWARENESS 
^B   The   Soviet   Awareness   Div 
or      verbal      aspect     of      the     USAF 
sponsoring  the  following: 
flfe  *■  Soviet  Military  Power  Week  -  A  5-day,  35-hour 
series  of  presentations.  SECRET  or  higher  clearance  was 
needed  to  attend.  Its  coverage  included  Soviet  ideology, 
Russian  and  Soviet  history,  Soviet  society  and  economy,  and  a 
career    profile    of    the    typical    Soviet   officer    and    enlisted
person.  Slides,  videotapes,  displays  of  Soviet  publications, 
posters,  and  other  items  of  interest  were  used  in  the  course. 
It  was  presented  monthly  to  Department  of  Defense  audiences 
In  Washington,  O.C.  and  was  listed  in  AFK  50-5.  AFIS  Course 
001.10 
AM  2.  Soviet  Military  Power  Day  -  An  8-hour 
presentation  at  the  SECBET  level,  using  portions  of  the 
Soviet  Military  Po«er  Week  Course.  It  was  presented 
approximately  six  tiroes  per  year  in  Washington,  O.C." 
i^A  3.  Soviet  Awareness  Team  -  A  traveling  briefing 
tea-^nat  conducted  a  1-day  Soviet  "llltwy  power 
presentations  to  U.S.  military  members  worldwide.  bfclKU 
clearance  was  needed  to  attend.  Base  theaters  were  used  for 
the  briefing  which  was  made  up  of  slides  and  videotapes. 
The  teas  usually  stayed  two  days  at  each  base,  but  the  time 
varied  with  the  sue  of  the  audience  to  be  reached.  A  2-hour 
'"=d  FOR  OFFICIAL  USE  ONLY  evening  program  was  also 
r  dependents  and  uncleared  Air  Force  and  Department 
rir    "',  "" 
(■I  During  1984, 
nearly  35,000  people 
Washington,  D.C.  area 
attendance  at  Soviet  Awar 
526  - 
139  - 
Attendance  at 
Boiling  AFB 
Attendance  a! 
Boiling  AFB 
:  3  one 
December  1984 '  
w'sfe" Utive  attend; 
the  following: 
209,773  - 
34,851  - 
395  - 
■  Classified  pi 
■  Unclassified 
■  TDY  deploymet 
■og  raw 
progri 
Brlefinas  at UPT  Bi 1Ses 
attendance  figures  from  1976  through  31 
i!owing:^a
Soviet  Awareness  briefings  in  Undergraduate  Pilot  Training  £UPT) 
at  each  UPT  bass  over  a  two-day  period,  he  explained  that  the 
briefing  was  a  requirement  In  UPT  and  had  originally  been 
presented  during  two  days,  thus  allowing  student  pilots  to  attend 
the  briefing  and  pilot  training  on  alternate  days.  The  one-day 
briefing  caused  pilots  to  have  to  make  up  lost  training  time  on 
the  weekends. 15 
titt  In  considering  the  request,  INC  explained  that  in  1980 
because  nf  canning  shortages  in  the  Soviet  Awareness  Division,"  UPT 
bases  were  cut  to  a  one  day  visit  each  year.  In  1984,  to 
accomodate  the  UPT  bases  it  was  decided  that  the  Soviet  Awareness 
briefing  was  returned  to  a  two-day  per  base  schedule  for  UPT 
bases,  which  were  Columbus,  Williaias,  Laughlin,  Reese,  and  Vance. 
To  justify  the  time  and  expense  of  the  visits,  base  permanent 
party  personnel  were  to  attend  the  briefings  in  large  numbers.  At 
each  base  other  than  Vance,  the  theaters  were  large  enough  to 
accomodate  many  others.  UPT  students  would  have  priority  in 
attendance.^ 
;  to  ■ 
flit  Throughout    1984,     the    directorate    continued    to    receive 
numerous   letters   comrcending  the  Soviet  Awareness  briefing   team  for 
Its  professionalism  and   outstanding   presentations.      Sucn   letters, 
for   example,    came    from    the    conwandant    of    the   Squadron    Officer 
School,     Maxwell    AFS;     the    national     security    assistant    to    U.S. 
Senator  John  Glenn;   the  assistant  director.   Intelligence  Division, 
FBS;     the    commander    of     the    Sacraniento    Air    Logistics    Center;     the 
general   counsel    of   the  Air  Force;    the   deputy   assistant   secretary 
of    the    Air     Forci  ...........    ...     ,..,, 
College;   and  the  c 
i;ed  Presentatic 
MpT  The   W  direc 
Brigadier  Genera)  Orie 
March  '  and  April.  S: 
experiences,  high  education 
made  a  special  effort  to  tailor  its 
inces,  such  as  the  attendees  at  the 
Course,  held  in  two  sessions  in 
ie  new  generals  had  sophisticated 
2vels.  and  previous  exposure  to  the 
•A   for  INC  personnel  to
Request  for  Second  Briefing  Tean 
MB  Through  the  annual  budget  process,  the  directorate  made 
a  request  for  three  officer  positions  to  enable  the  Soviet 
Awareness  briefers  to  achieve  a  two-team  capability  of  six  members 
each.  In  justifying  the  request,  INC  stated  that  without  the 
three  positions,  the  briefing  team  had  no  tirae  available  for 
staying  current  in  subject  areas  and  in  improving  and  updating 
briefings.  Soviet  Awareness  visibility  had  increased  with 
requests  for  lectures  from  the  Office  of  the  Secretary  of  Defense 
and  the  Office  of  the  Secretary  of  the  Air  Force,  and  attendees  at 
the  briefings  included  genera!  officers  and  presidential  and 
congressional  staff  members.  The  Soviet  Awareness  team  was  unable 
to  accept  all  requests  and  meet  its  requirements  to  visit  each 
major  Air  Force  base  every  three  years,  pilot  and  navigator 
upgrade  training  bases  annually,  and  SOS,  AFSC,  ACSC,  and  the  Air 
War  College.  Team  personnel  also  had  to  be  available  to  schedule 
deployments,  coordinate  visits  with  major  commands  and  bases, 
review  and  establish  curriculum,  set  up  special  presentations,  and 
conduct  training  programs  for  new  personnel.'' 
ted  bv  AF/MPIC  during 
In  the 
«f£  The  thr 19B4  POM  proc 
md  been validated  by  AF/MPIC 
were  not  funded. 
ten  AFIS  inv. tiatives 
for  R87-91  POK,  t 
request  was  sixth 
At  the  end of  the  c 
alendar  year  ^9B4,  h< 
prospects  did  not look  good  for the  addi 
Reserve  Team  In1t iative 
4§£  In  June,  the  AFIS  1 Hrectorate  of  inte11igence_  i 
Forces  proposed 
to  the  INC  d 
Briefing  Teais  wi- thin  Detached 
Site  (OTSJ  15  of  tfc 
Intel  Hgence 
■e       Forces   (AFIS/tU 
r  Force  Resi 
National  Guard  requests  for  Soviet  Awareness  briefings 
provide  reserve  support  to  the  Directorate  of  Soviet  flffsi 
team  was  to  consist  of  seven  members  of  UTS  45,  who 
appropriate  background  for  lecturing  on  Soviet  $—'--* 
were  willing  to  travel  TDY  at  least  one  weekend  per 
El 
■  The  team  project  was  identified  as  the  "USAF  Reserve 
t  Awareness  Program  (RSAP)"  and  was  justified  in  part  by  the 
nation  that  the  active  duty  Soviet  Awareness  team  had  n='"""- 
the  manpower  nor  the  time  to 
Guard  units  in  their  scheduled  briefings,  espec 
weekends.^ 
Reserve    and    Air    National 
ome    fors.    of    reserve    participate
agency, @ reservist and formerly with the INC directorate. The problems mindering the wmplementation of 3 reservist project were Feserve Vinitations of qan days and initial traiming time and currency, The effort to get the project started in 198¢ recetved a boast from encouragement trom the Air Force deputy assistant Secretary for reserve affairs.23 GMB At the end of 1984, the aytiook for the project coming te fruttion tocked gooe A’ memorandum of understanding between AFIS/R& ang AFIS7INC was expected to be signed in 1985. parade of Soviet Awareness Facility as a result of the visit by Secretary of the Air Force vere Orr to the Darectorate of Soviet Affairs in Batlding 52. on Bolling AFB 1m 1983 an effort was launched to upgrade the directorate 5 facitit Nex Equrpmoens, This year there were nc “najor revisions 1m the currttulin of the soviet Miltary Power Neek presentation nor 1 the one-day eightenour Soviet Military Power bay There was, however, 4 continuous upgrading of the 38 ma slides and video clips to ensure the currency of presentations. In late 1984 new video players, a video recorder, and a projector were purchased. The vdeo tapes osed 1 the lectures could now be more current, because of i-house edrting In the past, at! editing had to be Gong’ at te Pentagon, causing oss of man-hours 1m transyt between Boling AFB ang tne Pentagon LITERATURE RESEARCH Guring the year, the drrectorate § citeratura Resesrco eiestor comtinged To “ertttcal y review author tative and tts Pedeted per $ 9S-C. $5200)
m     military     doi 
d  operational 
i   to   translate    s 
into    EngHs ih.       The    divi! S!On    «i as    responsible    1 or    the 
^k  1.  -Soviet  Military  Thought"  series  -  Translations  of 
selected  books  by  Soviet  military  authors.  Subjects  covered 
included  Soviet  air  operations  and  tactics,  problems  of 
contemporary  war,  military  psychology,  war  and  the  arffly,  and  the 
revolution  in  military  affairs.  In  1984,  the  eighteenth  volume  in 
n*  t»-i«  ^fls  published,  D.A.  Ivanov,  V.  P.  Savel'yev,  and  P.  V. 
Fundamentals  of  Tactical  Command  and  Control-  The 
;ed  basic  principle's,  organization,  equipment  support, 
ing  of  coraand  and  control  activities,  as  wel  1  as 
acquisition     and     processing,     decision-making,      and 
gm  Z,  "Studies  in  Comunist  Affairs"  series  -  Unclassine 
uionagraphs  written  by  Western  military  and  civilian  authors.  Th 
six  volumes  published  were  Joseph  0.  Douglas-;  Jr.,  The  Save 
Theater  Nuclear  Offensive;  Paul  J.  Murphy,  editor.  Naval  Power  s 
SoTieTToTi cy;  Phillip  A.  Petersen,  Soviet  Air  Power  and  furstn 
'oTTTew^'HTtarv  Options;  Phillip  A.  "Peterson,  editor,  Sovie 
PoTky'  inthe  Post-Tito  Balkans;  Joseph  D.  pouglass,  Jr.  an 
SSoTretta  K.  Hoeber,  contpi'ter-s,  (Parti)  Selected  Readings  fro 
Military  Thought  ,  1963-1973;  Joseph  i>."  DoJgTass,  Jr.  and  taor 
   "  '"      '   ")  Selected  Readings  from  Mili 
tary  Thought,   1963-1973. ?9  ' 
,s    Selected   Translat 
th°5y'5o  *"   '  ^ 
translation   projects.      The   CTS    served   a' 
!   repository  of  information  on  the  eiisten 
i   translations    in   progress   or   completed.
Soviet  Press  Translations 
Requests  for  Translations 
^A  Throughout  the  year,  new  requests  far  copies  of  the  AFRP 
20o7^tSo«iet  Press  Selected  Translations,'  came  to  INC.  Some  of 
the  requestors  were  Teledyne  Brown  Engineering,  Colorado  Springs, 
Colorado,  which  had  a  contract  with  NORAD/SPACECGH;  the  Science 
and  Policy  Research  Unit  of  the  University  of  Sussex,  England;  the 
Office  of  the  Adjutant  General,  Wisconsin,  Department  of  Military 
ftffairs,  Madison,  Wisconsin;  the  Sperry  Corporation,  Irving, 
Texas,  which  had  a  DOD  contract  with  the  U.S.  Array;  and  the  Office 
of  the  Air  Attache,  Embassy  of  Australia,  Washington,  D.C.33 
Request  for  Translator/Editor 
JIB  In  the  annual  budget  process,  the  Literature  Research 
Div?^on  submitted  a  request  for  one  civilian  translator/editor  to 
work  on  the  continued  publication  of  AFRP  200-1,  "Soviet  Press 
Selected  Translations,"  at  its  current  length  and  quality.  Two 
first  lieutenants  had  worked  on  the  series,  one  of  whose  billets 
was  on  loan  and  was  deleted  at  the  end  of  the  third  quarter  of 
fiscal  year  1983.  In  the  FYS7-91  POM  initiative,  the  request  was 
ranked  eighth  in  the  top  ten.35  , 
Soviet  Military  Encyclopedia  Project 
4A  In  September  1984,  the  Directorate  of  Soviet  Affairs 
requested  assistance  from  the  AFIS  Directorate  of  Intelligence 
Reserve  Forces  in  initiating  procedures  to  provide  MSgt  Winston 
Otterson  a  four-week  training  period  to  prepare  him  to  work  on  a 
two-year  project  of  translating  sections  of  the  Soviet  Military 
Encyclopedia.  The  encyclopedia  was  the  authoritative  source  for 
air  essential  Soviet  military  concepts,  and  Us  translation  into 
English  was  to  make  possible  an  increase,  in  the  number  of  analysts 
who  would  be  able  to  benefit  froffl  the  information  therein.  The 
INC  directorate  wanted  to  ensure  that  its  information  was 
distributed  within  the  intelligence  community  in  a  tiaiely  manner 
so  that  it  was  up-to-date  and  useable.  The  INC  directorate  was 
cooperating  with  officials  in  the  Canadian  National  Defense 
Headquarters  to  have  key  sections  of  the  encyclopedia 
translated. 35 
—  The  INC  informed  the  RE  directorate  that  after  MSgt 
Otterson's  training  period  to  learn  a  large  Russian  vocabulary  in 
a  great  number  of  specialized  military  fields  and  to  become 
proficient  on  the  word  processor,  the  INC  would  require  his 
support  for  as  long  a  period  as  he  could  be  made  available.  By 
the  end  of  the  year,  however,  Otterson  was  not  working  full-time 
with  INC. 36
Soviet  Military  Thought  .Series 
<MHft  Volume  18  of  the  Soviet  Military  Thought  Series, 
Fundamental 5  of  Tactical  Conpand  and  Control  by  D.A.  Ivanov  et  al, 
was"  ' published  in  1984.  This  book  took  years  to  prepare  for 
publication,  partly  because  the  INC  directorate  had  the  book 
translated  under  contract  with  the  Joint  Press  Research  Service 
(JPRS),  but  was  displeased  with  the  quality  of  the  JPRS's 
translation.  Dr.  Robert  Moore  of  INCF  undertook  the  project  to 
improve  the  translation  to  make  it  suitable  for  publication. 
Also,  numerous  problems  were  encountered  with  the  company  doing 
the  typesetting  for  the  book. 37 
4Bl  Another  book  in  the  series,  Volume  19,  The  Soviet  Armed 
Forces:  A  history  of  Their  ..Organizational  .Development,  was  ex- 
pected to  be  published  in  early  1965.  The  Canadian  National 
Defense  Headquarters  was  working  on  two  other  books. 
Armed  Conflicts  and  .International  taw  and  Combined  Arms  Eiercises. 
Combined.  Arais  iixerc i'ses  was  subject  to  international  copyright 
agreements,  but  request  to  the  Soviets  for  permission  to  publish 
was  not  going  to  be  made  until  the  translation  was  completed,  and 
INC  was  ready  to  beoin  processing  the  book.  Otherwise,  INC  would 
have  been  unable  to  meet  the  'deadl ine  of  eighteen  months  to 
publication,  established  with  agreements  with  .the  Soviets.38 
Announcement  to  All-Union  Copyright. Agency 
^^B  There  were  no  Soviet  denials  of  permission  to  publish  in 
1S84,  because  there  were  no  requests  involving  books  requiring 
permission.  Une  condition  of  the  copyright  agreement,  however, 
was  that  when  6  book  had  been  previously  requested  and  permission 
denied,  another  request  for  non~e*clusive  license  may  be  made  when 
seven  years  had  gone  by  since  the  book  was  published  in  the 
original.  This  request  might  be  more  precisely  called  an 
announcement  of  intention,  since  no  response  was  required  from  the 
Soviets.  Three  titles  in  various  stages  of  progress  were 
announced  to  the  All-Union  Copyright  Agency  in  1984:  Problems  of 
Military  Systems .Engineering  by  Druzhinin  &  Kontorov;  The  Initial 
Period  of  War  by  Ivanov;  The  Operational  Art  of  the  Soviet  Air 
Foriie  in. .the  Great  Patriotic  War,  edited  by  liwokhpvich." 
TRAINING 
Attendance  at  Canadian. Conference 
SOr.  Robert  P.  Moore  of  the  Literature  Research  Division 
to  Ottawa,  Canada,  in  October  to  attend  the  National 
Symposium  on  Linguistic  Services,  sponsored  by  the  Canadian 
government,  and  to  visit  the  Canadian  National  Defense 
Headquarters.     The   conference   provided   him   an   opportunity
to  get  better  acquainted  with  word  processing  matters  and  to  have 
conversations  with  individuals  about  shared  problems.  The  most 
useful  papers  he  heard  delivered  were  about  setting  up  terminology 
banks,  computer-assisted  translation,  and  training  of  translators. 
He  also  met  with  Maureen  Cote  of  the  Foreign  Broadcast  Information 
Service  (FBIS)  who  had  been  given  an  outstanding  analyst's  award 
to  spend  a  year  studying  military  (and  possibly  other)  terminology 
problems,  the  idea  being  to  arrive  at  a  suggested  means  of 
providing  a  community-wide  terminology  bank.  The  standardization 
of  military  terminology  had  long  been  a  concern  of  Or.  Moore,  and 
he  felt  that  a  terminology  bank  was  an  excellent  idea. 10 
Formal  and  Informal  Training 
4H  Other  training  included  the  attendance  of  several 
members  of  the  directorate  at  the  annual  American  Association  for 
the  Advancement  of  Siavic  Studies  Conference,  held  in  New  York 
City.  Several  inerabers  of  the  directorate  also  attended  s 
conference  sponsored  by  the  Office  of  the  Secretary  of  Defense 
with  the  Texas  AW  Center  for  Strategic  Technology,  held  in 
Washington,  D.C.41 
4flk  informal  training  was  acquired  by  attendance  at  local 
seminars  and  conferences  in  the  Washington  area.  An  especially 
beneficial  series  was  the  ongoing  monthly  sessions  held  at  the 
Hoadrow  Wilson  Center.  .These  usually  focused  on  political  science 
topics,  which  were  presented  by  well-known  speakers  and  experts. 
The  Kennan  Institute  held  a  weekly  Wednesday  luncheon  session 
dealing  solely  with  some  aspect  of  the  Soviet  Union,  its  charted 
area  of  interest/2 
4flfe  Other  formal  training,  especially  for  the  travelling 
INCR  team  members,  proved  impossible  because  of  the  demanding 
travel  schedule.  As  a  matter  of  course,  all  requests  for 
participation  in  the  Squadron  Officer  School  were  denied  due  to 
manning  constraints.  The  directorate  sliw  no  remedy  in  the  near 
future  for  this  undesirable  situation,  because  of  its  shortage  of 
qualified  and  experienced  personnel."3 
Trip  to  USSR 
QH  En  July  1984,  five  personnel  traveling  in  two  separate 
tours  were  able  to  visit  the  Soviet  Union  for  orientation  and 
familiarization  purposes.  These  trips  enabled  more  people  from 
the  directorate  to  travel  to  more  cities  than  ever  before.  In 
contrast,  in  1983,  the  trip  had  to  be  cancelled  when  the  Soviets 
declined  to  issue  visas.  In  1982,  only  four  persons  made  the 
trip,  and  they  were  restricted  to  only  Moscow  and  Leningrad. I*
411  Planning  for  the  July  1934  orientation  visit  to  the  USSR 
«as  much  less  complicated  than  that  required  for  previous  trips, 
those  of  the  U.S.  embassy  in  Moscow,  most  of  the  arrangements  in 
both  the  United  States  and  the  Soviet  Union  were  done  by  travel 
agencies.  Two  agencies  in  New  York  were  involved  and  one  in 
Washington,  D.C.,  through  which  tfie  trips  were  booked. « 
flh  The  first  tour,  la  July  -  29  July,  was  to  Leningrad, 
Kiev,  and  Moscow  and  was  made  by  Lt.  Col.  James  Simpson,  Capt. 
David  Moore,  and  Mr.  Michael  Barry.  The  second  tour,  11  July  -  IB 
July,  was  to  Moscow,  Samarkand  Uzbekistan,  Tashkent,  Irkutsk, 
Transiberian  Railroad,  (Moscow,  and  Leningrad.  Capt.  Swider  and 
Capt.  Wilson  made  the  latter  trip.  In  addition  to  the  basic 
farailiariiation  mission,  participants  were  charged  with  obtaining 
Soviet  posters,  books,  and  pictures  to  support  the  mission  of  the 
directorate  of  Soviet  Affairs. 
0/0   The  following  are  excer 
isade  the  trip  there  in  July. 
00  Lt.  Col.  Simpson:  After  my  formal  study  of 
the  Soviet  Union  and  two  years  of  service  on  the  Soviet 
Awareness  Teas,  1  expected  no  major  surprises  in 
visiting  the  country.   Indeed  I  found  none.   What  1  did 
been  an  educated  but  still  two  dimensional  picture  of 
the  country  before  the  trip.   Some  of  my  notions  were 
dispelled,  some  modified,  and  others  confirmed.   More 
}   of  what  they're  trying  to  say. 
for  this  purpo 
enjoyable  but,  I 
for   anyone   wh 
important  to  no 
the  aind  set  of 
se.  The  trip  coujd  hardly  be  termed 
t  was  very  educational  and  is  necessary 
o  discusses  Soviet  society.  It  is 
■te  that  the  very  fact  that  the  Team  was 
endous  credibility  to  what  we  say.   This 
the  average  American  audience. fl6 
VB|  Capt. 
mixed^^  Many 
will  help  the  t. 
important ly  to 
S»ider:  My  Impressions  of  the  visit  are 
based  on  previous  study  were  confirmed 
dispelled.   (Things  I  saw  on  this  trip 
give  more  precise  definition  to  what
untidy,  disorderly,  and  chaotic  the  country  is.  _  It  is 
so  big  and  so  poorly  managed,  so  backward  looking,  so 
drab,  so  plain  that  It's  no  wonder  the  people  fee? 
inferior  to  the  West  and  the  developed  world. 
Obviously,  this  is  at  least  part  of  the  source  of 
feelings  of  inferiority,  xenophobia,  fear,  paranoia,  and 
insecurity.  The  Russian  and  Soviet  culture  experience 
can  only  intensify  these  feelings.  If  they  weren't  so 
stubborn  and  did  not  have  such  misdirected  pride,  they 
could  almost  be  pitied. 
^■h  I  guess  1  could  best  express  these  impressions 
by  relating  an  experience  with  our  Leningrad  Intourist 
guide-  She  was  tailing  the  story  of  the  "storming  of 
the  Winter  Palace  by  the  Bolsheviks  during  the  October 
Revolution  of-  1W .  She  readily  admitted  that  no  great 
battle  had  occurred  and  that  the  bloodless  coup  had  only 
4  or  S  casualties.  When  I  asked  how  that  squared  with 
the  Soviet  film  director  Sergei  Eisenstein's  movie  "Ten 
Days  that  Shook  the  World,"  in  which  a  valiant  Bolshevik 
army  stormed  the  bouregois  forces  within  the  Winter 
Palace  through  shot  and  shell,  she  stopped  and  thought  a 
moment.  The  pause  was  brief  and  her  answer  was  to 
answer  my  question  with  a  question.  She  said  her 
version  was  correct  and  that  the  film  was  meant  to 
impress;  was  I  impressed?  The  Soviet  facade  is 
impressive,  but  it  is  usually  just  that,  a  facade,  like 
the  facade  on  many  of  their  buildings,  it  cracks  and 
falls  alot." 
4B  Capt.  Wilson:  While  I  wholeheartedly  support 
Intourist  arrangements  over  our  previous  method  of 
travel,  i.e.  through  the  embassy,  for  reasons  already 
enumerated,  I  believe  one  risk  must  be  understood  by  INC 
personnel  making  such  a  trip.  We  are  members  or  the 
United  States  Intelligence  community  and  we  are 
traveling  in  the  USSR  without  diplomatic  protections. 
Fortunately  this  posed  no  problems  for  our  groups  this 
summer;  in  fact,  our  Intourist  guide  gave  no  indication 
whatsoever  that  she  was  aware  of  any  connection  between 
us  and  the  military,  let  alone  the  intelligence  field. 
However,  realistically  one  must  understand  that  the 
potential  for  complications  does  exist  and  the  decision 
for  taking  that  risk  must  be  a  personal  one.  (Some  ISC 
personnel  whose  visas  had  been  approved  for  this  summer 
chose  not  to  go  for  this  very  reason).'"* 
A  Hr.  Barry:  The  Intourist  package  tour,  as  we 
ad  expected,  proved  to  be  a  tight  schedule,  with  most 
   _;_...-.  ,i™nj  fm-    To  my  somewhat  surprise,
jtSee 
small  groups,  and  proceed  most  anywhere 
our  own  desires.  Not  once  did  I,  or  anyone 
any  surveillance.   Our  freedom  to  90  out  on 
   meet  people  seeded  to  be  dependant  on  no 
1  our  own  stamina.  For  myself,  almost  all  the 
insights  that  I  gained  from  siy  trip  came  about 
beaten  Intourist  track.  inWirist  repeatedly 
restored   (though   inactive) 
es.  One  c 
;  left  with  t 
j  of  t 
rish  palaces.   The  point  i 
;  splendors  they  want  you 
;e  the  irony,  and  realize  t 
M (Moscow,  Leningrad,  and  Kiev) 
year  (susraerj.    My  stronges 
this  invaluable  program  wou 
lossihle.   Such  expanded  exper 
AFA  'CITATION  OF  HONOR' 
government . 
„;fj,  A„,rd, 
convention 
Attending  ■
CAPTAIN WILSOM OF AFIS/INC STANDING IN FRONT OF THE PETER AKD ‘PAUL FORTRESS, LENINGRAD, USSR, JULY 1984. SEATED (LEFT TO RIGHT) CAPTAIN MOORE AND (LT. COL. SIMPSON, PEIS/INC, AT A LENINGRAD RESTAURANT, JULY 1984.
DIRECTORATE  OF  ATTACHE  AFFAIRS 
HISSIQN  OF  TOE  DIRECTORATE 
Directorate    of    Attache 
tKk    The     principal     mission     ..      ....          . 
Affairs  (ItiH)  was  to  develop  capabilities  for  Air  force 
participation  In  the  Defense  Attache  System  (MS),  to  monitor 
performance  and  results  of  that  participation,  and  to  exercise 
cognizance  over  Air  Force  aspects  of  the  Attache  program.  The 
Defense  Attache  System  was  a  joint  military  service  activity, 
which  Since  1965  ope-ated  under  direct  control  of  the  Defense 
Intelligence  Agsncy.l  In  1984  the  distribution  of  positions  in 
the  system  was  as  follows:? 
HO.  OF  POSITJOH  PERCEHTASE  OF  DAS 
MISSION  OF  THE  AIR  ATTACHE 
4B    The    Directorate    of   Attache   Affairs   was    located   i 
APIS,    because    a    primary    mission    of    an    attache    was    the 
collection  of    intelligence    information.      The  dir 
the  four  primary  missions  of  an  Air  Attache  a 
military  and  polit1 
The     Attache     has 
strategic      warning 
primary  a 
4H  2-  Representation  of 
Secretary  of  the  Air  Force  tc 
force.   The  Attache  is  the  key, 
system,  suitably  placed 
air  force  to  "marry"  in 
doctrine,  etc. 
flf  3.  Foreign  military  sales.  This  part  of  ti 
Air  Attache  mission  is  performed  in  a  selected  nuptoer  i 
countries  that  have  no  U.S.  military  advisory  group  c 
Chief  of  Staff  and 
>  host  country  air 
:he  representational 
e  another  country's 
i/.S.A.F.  equipment,  tactics.
advisory  groups  and  mission,   there  is  a  growing  trend  to 
shift  more  of  this  responsibility  to  the  Attache. 
flfr  4-  Advisory  role  to  the  ambassador,  in  world 
crises  and  conflicts,  attaches  are  not  only  the  Defense 
Department's  eyes  and  ears,  they  are  also  heavily 
depended  upon  for  their  military  expertise  in  the 
coordinated  execution  of  U.S.  policy,  working  with  the 
presidential  representative  --  the  ambassador. 
POSITIONS  KITHIN  DAS 
4fe  There  were  ninety-two  Defense  Attache  Offices  around  the 
world,  and  because  some  Attaches  were  accredited  to  snore  than  one 
nation,  they  had  responsibility  for  over  one  hundred  countries. 
The  Air  Force  positions  in  the  OAS  were  assigned  to  sixty-three 
embassies.  In  twenty-one  countries,  the  Air  Attache  was  also  the 
senior  service  Attache  and  was  designated  the  "Defense  Attache", 
commonly  referred  to  as  the  DATT,  Defense  Attaches  who  were  Air 
Force  officers  served  in  the  following  countries:  Argentina, 
Australia,  Bolivia,  Brazil,  Canada,  China,  Czechoslovakia, 
Finland,  Honduras,  Israel,  Oman,  Pakistan,  Philippines,  Portugal, 
South  Africa,  Soviet  Union,  Sweden,  Thailand,  Turkey,  United 
Kingdom,  and  Yugoslavia.  In  three  countries. '  Brazil,  China,  and 
the  Soviet  Union,  the  DATT  position  was  filled  by  an  Air  Force 
officer  for  two  of  every  six  years. * 
4tSf  The  positions  Air  Force  personnel  were  assigned  to  in 
the  OATwere  Defense  Attache  (OATT),  Air  Attache  (AIRA),  Assistant 
Air  Attache  (AAIRAJ,  operations  coordination  (OPS  CO)  —  similar 
to     NCCIC     position     —      intelligence     assistant,      and      aircraft 
mechanic. S 
New  Positions 
4Kb  In  1931,  the  Defense  Intelligence  Agency  established 
four  new  officer  positions  within  the  Defense  Attache  System  to  be 
filled  by  Air  Force  personnel:  Air  Attache  in  Somalia  and 
Nicaragua  (actually  filled  in  December  19B3)  and  Assistant  Air 
Attache  in  Bolivia  and  Indonesia.  Also,  the  Defense  Intelligence 
Agency  switched  one  enlisted  intelligence  assistant  position  from 
Peru  to  the  Dominican  Republic,  The  Defense  Attache  in  Peru  had 
requested  the  change  in  order  to  provide  a  Navy  intelligence 
assistant  to  coordinate  ship  visits.6 
positions    brought    the    number    of
Attache  Manning  Hates 
Mo.  Authorized    Ho.  Assigned 
^B  Col.  James  £.  Steii 
retired  from  active  duty  in 
Col.  Con  3.  Kincaid  was  appe 
25  June  1981.  Colonel  Kincai 
the  Air  Attache  in  Japan.  H 
policy  of  the  Assistant  Chie 
assign  former  Attaches  to  thi 
Colonel  Kincaid's  appoints 
former  Attaches. 
liller,  Director  of  Attache  Affairs 
fie  Air  Force  on  31  March  1984,  an 
caise  to  INH  after  being  assigned  a 
s  appointment  was  in  accord  with  th 
of  Staff/Intelligence  which  was  t 
e  Office 
.t.    Col.    Ed* 
d    0.    Gillapsy   continued    as    the    Chief    of 
•aining,    and  Support  Givision,   while  SMSgt 
lued     as     Chief,     Enlisted     Selection     and 
The  directorate   was   manned   according   to 
TOTAL  13  13  100% 
ATTACHE  SELECTEES 
4flk  In  1984,  in  coordination  with  Headquarters  USAF  and  the 
Air  Force  Manpower  and  Personnel  Center,  the  1NH  directorate 
reviewed,  evaluated,  and  nominated  thirty-five  officers  to  the 
Defense  Intelligence  Agency  for  service  in  the  Defense  Attache 
System.  The  following  is  a  comparison  of  officer  selection 
statistics  for  1981  and  1933:1° 
OFFICER  SELECTION  STATISTICS 
CY19B4  Crl9S3
Total  hominated  to  DIA  35*  £> 
Approved  35*"  J° 
Disapproved  °  V 
Pending  as  of  31  Dec  84  7  = 
I  Includes  three  prior  Attaches  approved  for  return  tours  into 
B0AS :  for  these  officers  and  current  Attaches  requesting 
secuttve  tours  the  panel  was  usually  waived.  Fww 
ination  to  DIA  however,  was  required.  Therefore  the  total 
;   1  to  DIA  "exceeded  the  total  approved  by  panels.   There 
"requests  for  consecutive  tours  in  1984. 
Includes  eight  left  pending  in  December  j.983. 
1964, 
the  officers  approved  By  the  panels 
e    for  Uefense  Attache;  nine  colonels,  two  lieutenant 
„d  three  majors  were  for  Air  Attache;  and  one 
colonel,  one  major,  and  nine  captains  were  for 
r  Attaches.11 
■B  The  directorate  aqain  used  panels  during  the  process  of 
selecllfg  personnel  for  notation  to  the  Qefense   nWlijM « 
^JK^^rs"'^  IfSSn.  who  -TC  BTpSS 
de 
s'hq  usaf/xoxxJ.* 
Dst  The  directorate  brought  the  potential  Attache  and  spouse 
to  WafSngton  to  appear  before" the  selection  panel,  the  purpose :  of 
which  was  to  determine  if  the  husbanded  wife  could  work  as  a 
nrofessional  team  and  creditably  represent  the  U.S.  government, 
Secretary  df  ^"nse,  Secretary  of  the  Air  Force  ««*  «f«»d^- 
while  acting  independently  for  a  highly  visible  official  and 
mortal  aiileav  While  in  Washington,  the  candidate  also  had  an 
opportunity  to  learn  more  about  the  Attache  program  and  pose 
questions  about  the  Defense  Attache  System  and  particular 
assignments  and  living  conditions.1 
*g  to  the  following  five  criteria 
GRAiiES  -  Captain  through  brigac
Z.     REAL   PROMOTABILiTY   -   Outstanding   record   with   no 
3.  ADVANCED  DEGREES  -  Preference  for  degrees  in  Inter- 
national affairs  or  foreign  languages. 
4.  LANGUAGE  PROFICIENCY  -  Proficiency  rating  of  S-3/R-3 
required  for  most  positions. 
5.  WELL-ROUNDED  AIR  FORCE  CAREER  -  Volunteers  encouraged, 
but  officers  must  meet  requirements. 
ENLISTED  SELECTEES 
4B  Enlisted  personnel  nominated  for  duty  within  the  Defense 
Attache  System  were  usually  staff  sergeants  through  master 
sergeants,  who  were  assigned  as  "intelligence  assistants",  and 
senior  and  Chief  master  sergeants,  who  were  assigned  for 
administrative  specialists  and  aircraft  mechanics.15 
(p    As    with    fello* 
enlisted   candidates    and 
i    officers,     selection    panels     interviewed 
their    spouses.       The    panels    consisted    of 
:tor  of  Attache  Affairs,   the  chiefs  of  the 
two    divisions    within    t 
within   the  Air  Force   int 
from     the     Defense     Inte' 
comparative  summary  of  th 
he     directorate,     three     senior     NCOs     from 
elligence   community,    and   a  representative 
liigence    Agency.        The     following     is     a 
■e  panels  conducted  in  1934  and  1983:J-6 
ESLISTEO  SELECTION  STATISTICS 
CT1984                   CH983 
Total  Panels  Conducted 
Approved  by  Panels 
Disapproved  Panels 
Nominated  to  DIA 
Withdrawals  before  01 A 
22                          22 
22                             21 
0                               1 
47*                           46' 
Approved  by  DIA 
Disapproved  by  DIA 
Approved  by  DIA  but 
Returned  because  of 
Incumbent  Extension 
Consecutive  Overseas  Tours 
Prior  Attache  Team  Members 
Selected 
Non-Volunteers  Nominated** 
The  number  nominated  to  DIA  exceeded  the  number  approved  by 
anels  because  some  persons  were  nominated  for  consecutive 
tours  or  had  prior  Attache  service  experience  and  no 
*rviews  for  them  were  required. 
;  non-volunteers  were  two  staff  sergeants  for  Zaire  and 
and  one  senior  master  sergeant  for  Argentina.
flB  Although  the  directorate  had  in  other  years  nominated 
non-volunteers  to  the  DIA,  Lieutenant  Colonel  Sillaspy  noted  that 
such  nominations  in  1984  wight  be  the  start  of  a  trend.  He 
thought  that  terrorism  was  responsible  for  keeping  some  qualified 
personnel  from  applying  for  duty  in  the  Defense  Attache  System. 
Individuals  already  in  training  for  the  DAS  had  indeed  experienced 
concern  about  the  terrorist  violence.  Also,  the  colonel  thought 
that  recruitment  for  countries  such  as  the  Sudan,  where  starvation 
was  widespread  was  difficult  because  Air  Force  personnel  were 
reluctant  to  bring  their  families  into  such  tragic  conditions  of 
life." 
TRAINING  PROGRAM 
MBf  After  the  selection  process,  the  directorate  designed  a 
training  program  for  the  Attache-designated,  which  was  tailored  to 
his  needs,  taking  into  consideration  his  background  and  the 
country  to  which  he  might  be  assigned.  As  a  rule,  each  individual 
attended  a  twelve-week  course  at  the  Defense  Intelligence  College 
in  Washington,  D.C.  Spouses  were  encouraged  to  attend  the  entire 
course  and  to  join  tours  and  attend  seminars  sponsored  by  the 
State  Department.  If  necessary,  an  At t ache- design ate  and  spouse 
attended  a  five  to  ten-month  language  course.  Some  officers 
required  additional  specialized  training  such  as  that  Involved 
with  the  C-12  aircraft.  In  those  countries  where  the  government 
was  considering  the  purchase  of  an  aircraft  as  sophisticated  as 
the  F-5  F-15,  or  F-16,  or  had  already  purchased  such  aircraft, 
the  directorate  arranged  for  a  series  of  specialized  briefings 
with  the  aircraft  system's  project  officer  and  with  factory 
representatives  at  the  production  line.  The  Attache  also  attended 
a  series  of  specialized  briefings  and  consultations  at  the  defense 
Intelligence  Agency,  the  Central  Intelligence  Agency,  and  the 
Pentagon.  Prior  to  arriving  on  station.  Attaches  received 
briefings  at  the  appropriate  unified  command. ia 
Language  Tutor  Program 
«  Because  of  the  critical  importance  of  language  fluency 
ttaehe  mission,  the  directorate  funded  a  language  tutorial 
program  for  the  designates  who  had  a  significant  period  of  time 
between  completion  of  formal  language  training  and  estimated 
arrival  on  station.  In  1984,  languages  were  tutored  for  338  hours 
at  a  total  cost  of  $4,873,  an  average  expenditure  of  $14.50  per 
hour.  The  languages  were:  Tag  alog,  S  weeks;  Russian,  11  weeks; 
Indonesian,  8.5  weeks;  Korean,  11  weeks;  Chinese  Mandarian,  5 
weeks;  French,  15  weeks;  Norwegian,  9  weeks;  Italian,  IS  weeks; 
and  Turkish,  2   weeks.19
In-Country  Language  Training 
ttfe  Some  designate  Attaches  also  received  In-Country 
Language  Training  [ICLT),  which  was  language  training  conducted 
within  various  countries  and  was  designed  to  supplement  the  formal 
language  training  at  the  Foreign  Service  Institute  or  Defense 
Language  Institute.  It  allowed  the  designate  Attache  to  become 
totally  isroersed  in  the  language  and  culture  of  the  host  country. 
The  "sain  emphasis  of  the  program  was  to  increase  speaking 
proficiency  and  daily  language  use.  In  1984,  five  officers  were 
sponsored  for  this  training:  Two  in  Mandarin  Chinese  for  twenty- 
three  weeks;  one  in  Italian  for  four  weeks;  one  in  Japanese  for 
twenty-eight  weeks;  and  one  in  Portuguese-Brazilian  for  seven 
weeks.  The  total  cost  of  the  program  was  $5?, 603.  In  addition, 
under  the  auspices  of  the  ICLT  program,  the  designated  Assistant 
Air  Attache  for  Brazil  attended  the  Brazilian  Air  Command  and 
Staff  course,  which  was  taught  in  Portuguese-Brazilian. 20 
Naval  Postgraduate  School 
8R|  To  improve  the  qualifications  of  the  Attaches,  the  INH 
directorate  sent  some  designates  to  the  Naval  Postgraduate  School 
in  Monterey,  California,  for  enrollment  in  a  master's  degree 
program  sponsored  by  the  Air  Force  Institute  of  Technology.  The 
academic  phase  of  the  program  lasted  twelve'  months.  Language 
training  then  followed,  conducted  by  the  Defense  Language 
Institute,  which  lasted  from  six  to  twelve  months,  depending  on 
the  difficulty  of  the  language.  Upon  completion  of  language 
training,  the  officers  were  awarded  paster's  degrees  in  national 
security  affairs. 21 
fl|A  In  193G,  the  directorate  sponsored  four  students  at  the 
Naval "Postgraduate  School.  It  also  funded  a  guest  lecture  program 
there,  for  the  benefit  of  attache  designates.  There  were  forty- 
three  speaker  presentations  during  the  year,  at  a  cost  of 
$9,5ZS.7B.22  • 
On.StatSonJ.aftquage  Use 
■■■h  During  his  staff  visits  to  Africa  and  the  Middle  East 
in  1984,  SttSgt  Kenneth  £.  Pool,  NCOIC,  Attache  Affairs,  reported 
the  following  about  language  use  on  station:23 
flBB  Monrovia,  Liberia:  The  A1RA  said  French 
language  is  essential  for  the  Attache  and  desirable  for 
the  spouse.  Presently,  French  language  is  not  required 
for  the  AK,  but  both  Major  Underwood  and  MSgt  Rauscher 
believe  the  language  capability  is  highly  desirable. 
MSot  Rauscher  is  a  native  French  speaker  and  he  said  the 
language  has  helped  him  tremendously  in  his  dealing;
with  airport  officials  throughout  the  country.  It  is  my 
understanding  future  AM  requisitions  will  call  for 
French  language  qualification  (S/2,  R/2). 
flHHfr  Lagos,  Nigeria:  Language  training  is  not 
reauired  as  English  is  spoken  locally.  However,  the 
AIRA  has  had  formal  French  language  training  as  part  of 
his  degree  program  through  the  Mayal  Postgraduate 
flHB  Cairo,  Egypt;  Language  training  is  not 
required  for  enlisted  personnel.  Attaches  are  required 
to  attend  Arabic  language  training  and  both  the  AIRA  and 
AAIRk  said  it  was  very  beneficial,  particularly  in 
showing  the  capability  and  desire  to  speak  Arabic  when 
talking  to  senior  Egyptian  officials. 
flHB  Annan,  Jordan:  Arabic  language  is  a 
requirement  for  the  AIRA  position.  The  A1RA  said  he 
doesn't  feel  the  language  is  necessary  to  do  the  job. 
He  clarified  his  comments  by  saying  that  unless  an 
officer  is  completely  proficient  in  the  Arabic  language, 
he  is  better  off  to  use  English  as  most  all  government 
officials  and  officers  speak  the  English  language. 
Based  on  our  limited  visit  to  Amman,  1  didn't  have  any 
problems  communicating  as  most  people  did  speak  and 
understand  English. 
tfflflft  Tel  Aviv,  Israel:  Language  training  is  not 
required  for  support  personnel  as  English  is  commonly 
spoken  throughout  the  country.  Hebrew  is  required  for 
Attaches  and  they  commented  even  though  not  absolutely 
required  to  do  the  job,  the  effort  and  ability  to  speak 
Hebrew  with  senior  Israeli  officials  is  highly  regarded. 
SUPPORT  ON  STATION 
flB  The  directorate  continued  to  provide  support 
to  the  Attaches  on  station,  assisting  them  with 
information  items  or  referrals  to  those  who  were  best 
able  to  provide  the  required  answers.  The  following 
illustrate  the  type  of  assistance  the  directorate 
provided  in  19B4:24 
flHft  *n  February,  the  Air  Attache  in  Korea 
requested  permission  in  advance  to  accept 
invitations  for  orientation  rides  in  Royal  Korean 
Air  Force  aircraft.   The  directorate  contacted  HQ