HISTORG- mI ar DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY U.S. ARMY MEDICAL INTELLIGCNCC AND INFORMATION AGENCY WASHINGTON. O.C. 20314 The Bepinninyes of Medical Intelligence A comprehensive United States medical intelligence program had its beginning in May 1940 when The Surgcon General was requested to con- tribute to a field manual on military government being prepared by the Judse Advocate General's Office. The Chief, Preventive Medicine Subdivision, OTSG respended to the task and focused attention on the need for civil public health planning in occupied areas. As a con- sequence A Plan for the Military Administration of Public Realth in Occupied Territory was developed in June 1940 with the Freventive Medicine Subdivision assuming the task of collecting the supporting documentary information. As the entry of the Unitcd States inte World war II approached, Preventive Medicine was called upon to pro- dice sanitary surveys of propused military bases in Newfoundland, Central aad South Anerica, ane the West Indies. The effort required in preducing these surveys; indicated the necessity for a full time stat© to collect and assimilate the raw material to sustain efforts cf this type. Accordingly, xlanning continued for the expansion of the Preventive Medicine Subdivision. ° The Preventive Medicine Divisicn, OTSG was established on 18 April 1941 having anong its functions that of medical intelligence. The Medical Inteiligence Subdivision did not begin to function as a separate adnin- istrative unit until June 1941. When finally established, the unit con- sisted of CPT Tom F. Wnayne, MC, and a clerk. An additional officer w2s asSigned Jater. Medical Intelligence was totally unprepared for the outbreak of war in December 1241. The intelligence program was at least two years behind the point it should have been to be of maximum value. Still, in 1942 contributicns to 96 strategic surveys were prepared by the two officers assistcd later by a third. The surveys of 1943 were produced on a slower schecuje with a larger staff. As a consequence they were more comprehensive and included bibliographies and maps. Beginning in July 1943 th2 Joint Army and Navy Intclligence Study (JANIS) replaced the War Department Strategic Surveys. Staff continued te increase and by the end of 19453 had reached 11 officers and six civilians. With augreited staff came the need for a hew form of internal organi- zation. The Preventive Medicine Division was organized 1 January 1944 as @ Separate service and Medical Intelligence was elevated to Division status. Internally to the Medical Intclligence Division three branches
were formed: Collection Branch, Analysis Branch, and Dissemination Branch. Inteliigence production was heavy. The former stratcgic surveys were incorporated into the TB MED series thus enlarging the distribution potential. Copy for 10 JAKIS and 54 TB NED's were pre- pared during 1944. This program continucd unaltered until the cefcet of Japan. By 14 August 1945, copy for seven JANIS and 19 TB tiiv's had been prepared. The end of World War II witnessed a repid decline of medical intclli- gence fron 12 officers and 21 civiliaus in april 1945 to five officers and 10 civilians in Uctober 1945. Studies in prorress were completed but within three months of the ind of the war, projuction and dissen=- ination hod reverted to 1941-42 levels. The medical intelligence prograi: shifted into an atterpr to achieve an orderly transition frou war to peace in the hope that, when the decision was ultinately sade as to the postwar peacetime stutus of modicaul intelligence, the lessons learnec during the var would not have to he repeated, the labor exj.cuded would not have to be regpent, ond the data asesenbdicd would not leave to be gathered 3ner. It remains for history to determine whether that objective was achieved. Scurce: Cuapter-V, Medical Department United States Army in World War Il.
Medical Intelligence Directors - CPT Tom F. Wheyne, MC, USA April, 1941 co 27 March 1943 LTC Gaylord W. Anderson, MC, AUS 28 March 1943 to 24 June 1946 MAJ Saul Jarcho, MC, AUS 25 June 1$46 to 24 August 1946 Arthur R. Turmer, SO 25 August 1946 to 13 January 1955 31 October 1955 to 10 January 1956 20 Januery 1959 to 22 March 1959 20 June 1960 to 30 November 1965 COL Philip W. Mallory, MC, USA 14 January 1955 te 30 October 1955 COL. Thomas E. Pattcn, Jr., NC, USA ll Jaruary 1956 to 19 January 15959 LT") Jon P. Evans MC, USA 23 March 1959 to 19 June 1560 COL Robert E. Van Gilder, MSC December 1965 - June 1968 O'Neill, MSC 1968 - 27 June 1971 cOL William 5. , 10 June Thoinas , MSC 1971 to 23 May 1972 COL Reginald C. 28 June William C. Miiler, I1Z, MSC 24 May 1972 to 1 July 1972 MAS LTC Kenreth Stuart, MSC Z July 1972 to August 1975 James S. Kennan, MSC August 1975 to August 1978 “LTC > William C. Miller, III, MSC Augnst 1978 to