# 
SPECIAL  REPOfiT 
THE  HOSTILE  INTELLIGENCE  ESTABLISHMENT 
IN  THE  FEDERAL  REPUBLIC  OF  GERMANY  (U) 
crucsicm 
1   IIVI   II 
*..  ,.i-'„i->ry.i-.v:  ■.„•».•:.- ;<!•..- -.:>,* 
HEADQUARTERS 
AIR  FORCE  OFFICE  OF  SPECIAL  INVESTIGATIONS 
WASHINGTON,  D.  C.     20314 
k 
APRIL  1975  ff'-V 
Classified    by  Commander.   AFOSI 
Exempt    from    General    Declassification 
Schedule   of    Executive   Order    11652 
Exemption   Category  2 
Declassify    when  Authorized   by    the 
Originator 
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THE  HOSTILE  INTELLIGENCE  ESTABLISHMENT 
N  THE  FEDERAL  REPUBLIC  OF  GERMANY(U) 
TABLE  OF  CONTENTS 
Page 
MAP    ii 
PREFACE    ill 
INTRODUCTION  .  
FRG  SECURITY  SERVICES    3 
THE  FEDERAL  REPUBLIC  AS  A  MAJOR  TARGET     5 
The  Military  Establishment  in  the  Federal  Republic.  6 
Other  Incentives  to  Hostile  Intelligence    9 
OPERATIONAL  ENVIRONMENT  AND  VULNERABILITIES    12 
COMMUNIST  COUNTRY  MISSIONS  IN  THE  FRG    14 
THE  SOVIET  MISSION  .......     16 
Soviet  Military  Liaison  Missions.  ...     19 
GDR  MISSION    21 
OTHER  WARSAW  PACT  COUNTRY  MISSIONS     22 
PRC  MISSION    24 
YUGOSLAV  MISSION     27 
HOSTILE  INTELLIGENCE  OPERATIONS  IN  THE  FRG     27 
HOSTILE  ESPIONAGE  ACTIVITIES  IN  1973    29 
ESPIONAGE  CONVICTIONS    31 
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U.S.S.R. 
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INTRODUCTION  |U] 
(U)  Germany,  a  divided  country  at  the  crossroads  of 
Europe,  has  been  a  focus  of  international  tension  since  the 
conclusion  of  World  War  II.  While  the  spirit  of  detente  and 
efforts  to  establish  a  policy  of  reconciliation  have  served       j 
to  reduce  the  stresses  and  strains,  they  have  not  resulted 
in  any  relaxation  of  hostile  intelligence  activities. 
(U)  The  Federal  Republic  of  Germany  encompasses  the 
western  and  southern  oortions  --  nearly  seven- tenths  --  of 
the  Germany  remaining  after  World  War  II.  The  other  portion 
is  ruled  by  the  communist  regime  of  the  German  Democratic 
Renubl ic. 
(U)  "he  FPG  is  the  -est  populous  nation  in  Europe, 
excluding  tne  USSR.  The  --coulation  (including  West  Berlin) 
is  about' 62  million  ana  the  total  area  approximates  that  of 
the  States  of  'Jew  York  ~na  Pennsylvania,  or  the  State  of  Oregon. 
One  of  the  most  tensely  cooulated  countries  of  Europe  --  only 
Belgium  and  the  Netherlands  being  more  so  --  the  FRG  has  a 
population  density  cf  650  per  sauare  mile,  nearly  12  times  that 
of  the  United  States.  There  ^r^   virtually  no  sparsely  settled 
sections  and  about  four-fifths  of  the  poDulation  reside  in  urban 
areas.  The  City  of  West  Berlin,  an  enclave  deep  inside  the  GDR, 
has  a  population  ce   ™re  than  two  million. 
(U)  The  Basic  law  of  23  May  19^9  continues  to  serve  as  the 
constitutional  basis  of  -he  "eoeral  Republic  in  the  absence  of  a 
dpfinitive  constitutional  document  encomoasslng  all  of  Germany, 
"■y  It* "te»-ms.  West  Gemanv  is  a  Federal  Republic  in  which  authority 
i'c  shared  between  its  ten' states  (Laender)  and  the  Federal  Republic 
'curd)   While  West  Berlin  is  also  a  state  in  the  Republic  under 
thTTasic  Law,  it  is  not  an  inteoral  part  of  trie  Republic  because 
cf  restrictions  arising  out  of  four-power  relations.  Berlin  has 
nominal  representation' in  the  Federal  legislature,  but  its 
delegates  cannot  vote  in  the  plenary  sessions. 
I[i)     Civil  liberties,  such  as  eauality  before  the  law,  the 
oQuival^nt  of  habeas  c.orous,  and  freedom  of  speech,  assembly, 
rplicion  and  t*e  press  are  explicitly  guaranteed  in  the  Bill  of 
°ignts  r.ection  of  the  :'asic  Law. 
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(U)  The  Federal  Republic  1s  responsible  for  national  defense, 
foreign  affairs  and  such  matters  as  customs  control,  boraer  police, 
transportation,  citizenship,  postal  systems  and  telecommunications. 
The  states  control  the  police,  education  and  radio  and  TV  broad- 
casting and  have  the  residual  powers. 
(U)  The  Federal  Republic, nominally  headed  by  a  President,  has 
a  bicameral  legislature  with  the  principal  power  vested  In  the 
National  Assembly  (Bundestag)  whose  members  are  elected  by  uni- 
versal suffrage.  The  Federal  Assembly  (Bundesratj  represents 
the  states  and  Its  members  are  appointed  ana  recalled  by  the 
states.  It  has  a  limited  role,  but  can  exercise  veto  powers 
in  matters  affecting  states'  Interests.  The  Chancellor  depends 
on  majority  support  of  the  Bundestag  and  with  his  ministers  con- 
stitutes the  government  leadership. 
(U)  The  Federal  Republic  made  an  impressive  recovery  from 
Its  World  War  II  debacle  and  has  one  of  the  highest  standards 
of  living.  Its  relative  affluence  has  contributed  to  soda! 
stability  and  engendered  moderation  1n  political,  social,  eco- 
nomic and  labor  issues.  There  were  several  outbursts  in  recent 
years  of  bombings  and  other  forms  of  violence  perpetrated  by 
radical  extremists.  However,  the  apprehension  of  ringleaders 
and  cadres,  and  various  countermeasures,  nave  reduced  the 
tnreat  considerably.  Demonstrations  aoainst  U.S.  foreign  policy 
have  suDsiaed,  especially  wlf-  tne  termination  of  hostilities  *n 
Vietnam.  Tne  large  nur,De>-  o*  foreiar  worners  ir  tne  FRG  presents 
e  continuing  security  problem  Because  cf  tne  presence  of  leftist 
and  rightist  extremists.  Arab  terrorists  are  a  serious  problem 
because  of  tneir  moDlHty,  funds,  weapons  and  violent  inclinations 
against  the  Israelis  and  those  who  support  them. 
(U)  The  vigorous  industrial  economy  (exceeded  only  by  the 
U.S.,  USSR  and  Japan  in  gross  national  product)  1s  highly  diversi- 
fied and  supports  large  research  and  development  programs.  A 
strong  scientific,  industrial  and  technical  instruments  Industry 
provides  the  capabilities  to  sustain  applied  advanced  research 
and  development.  The  FRG  is  an  active  participant  1n  the  United 
Nations  and  its  various  agencies  and  1n  European  regional  groups, 
as  well  as  other  multilateral  programs.  It  has  entered  Into  many 
bilateral  agreements  with  various  countries,  including  with  the
United  States  and  Canada  in  space  research.     German  academic 
and  industrial   research  institutes  have  relations  with  the 
USSR  Academy  of  Science  and  there  are  continuing  exchanges 
of  scientists.     The  FRG,  moreover,   is  the  largest  trading 
partner  among  the  Western  nations  with  the  USSR. 
(U)     The  FRG  is  very  dependent  on  foreign  trade  for 
markets  and   imports  of  raw  materials  and  energy  resources. 
Like  other  industrialized  nations,  it  is  beinq  buffeted  by 
continuing   inflationary  trencs  ana  other  proolems  and  con-, 
ditions  of   international   Dimensions. 
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FRG  SECURITY  SERVICES  (U] 
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THE  FEDERAL  REPUBLIC  AS  A  MAJOR  TARGET  [Uj 
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'ill)     Under   the  fer~<  of   'he  T951-I9J.5  London  and  naris  Agreements 
wr.ich  r«tor,d  -,er^n  ,overe^ntv  and   ',n-,iued   the  FRG  toJATO  - 
nnlv  -he"  far,  .,mnnn   the  aPiarce  mo-raers   M  required   to  commit 
•ro'bat  «o««  !««rt  <nr  a  ™U   territorial  de  ense  ft  ce 
to  «T(1  somnanrts.      "r»    -r=e"eet   ce<:   -nrth  prohibitions,   nestr.c 
tions  „nd  controls  or  .'er,r.  ier-ar,  rearmament       ■■   ;e""^ 
„rr,,.i7,t,„n     .(,(,  „'fC,    ,,,,,   .,..t,iblisne:l  essentially  to  entorce 
^hefeanS   to   integrate   tre  ^rrv„ne„t  of   tne  FRG  into  Western 
defense. 
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The  Military  Establishment  1n  the  Federal  Republic  (U) 
The  Air  force  Establisnment  (U) 
(U)  French  forces  are  maintained  1n  the  FRG  1n  accordance  with 
a  bilateral  agreement  between  the  two  countries. 
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fU)  There  are  *hree  major  Luftwaffe  commands:  the 
£ir  Tactical  Command  wnicr  is  responsible  tc  NATO  -for  the 
corbat  readiness  of  four  air  divisions;  the  Air  Support  Command, 
responsible  for  support  and  supply  functions;  and  the  General 
Air  Force  Office,  responsible  *or  basic  and  pilot  training, 
air  transportation  and  technical  training.  The  headquarters 
for  these  commands  are  at  Porz-Wahn,  north  of  Bonn. 
f'J)  Two  Luftwaffe  Air  Divisions  (1  and  2)  are  assigned 
to  NATO's  Fourtn  Allied  Tactical  Air  Force,  which  also  has  U.S. 
and  Canadian  tactical  units  and  supports  the  Central  Army  Group. 
Two  Air  Di-^ions  (3  and  £)  are  assianed  to  the  Second  Allied 
Tactical  A,  I-orce  (2nd  AT£F),  which  has  its  headquarters  at 
Vnenc^en-jladbach  ?nd  crovides  air  support  to  the  Northern  Army 
r,rru?j   ^lOP.THAG).  The  2nd  -TAT  ;>lso  has  British,  Dutch  and  Beloian 
tactical  units  and  a  L'SAF  air  defense  sauadron  at  Soesterberg  AB 
in  the  Netherlands. 
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Other  Incentives  to  Hostile  Intelligence  (U) 
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3(U)  Both  ATAFs  support,  the  Army Groups 
of  Allied  Forces  Central 
Eurcoe  (AFCENT)  with  headquarters  at  Brunssum,  Netherlands,  which 
comprises  all  land  and  air  forces  in  the  Central  Sector  (FRG  and 
the  Benelux  countries).  There  is  also  AFNORTH  with  headquarters  at 
Kolsaas,  Norway,  and  AFSOUTH  with  headquarters  at  Naples,  Italy. 
All  three  constitute  the  Allied  Command,  Europe  (ACE)  under  the 
Supreme  Allied  Commander,  Europe  (SACEUR)  with  headquarters  (oHAPE) 
at  Casteau,  Belgium  (Figure  3). 
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  ""«  OKWCnit  COMMAND  Cn<NNH  J 
"UNTTC  I  |   
JNCH  I 
'?;  US  delegation  to  trw  MTQ  H1l1t»rv  f «-.«., 
<**.,««  .«  ,ts  woortinte  »r*,n5  ,r0^      ' 
CWEF  HAAGS 
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(Figure  3) 
10         (This  page  is  UNCLASSIFIED) 
•':*...
[{U)     The  Air  Attache  to  the  Soviet  Embassy  in  Paris  was  caught  in 
the  act  of  stealing  two 
Airshow  on  29  *<ay  1973. 
play  area  after  recular 
the  Canadian  delegation 
the  it  errs  in  his  pocket 
items  from  a  display  at  the  Paris  Bourqet 
He  nac  been  seer  going  back  to  the  dis- 
visitina  r.ours,  wearing  the  Maple  Leaf  of  _ 
on  ^is  iaoel,  and  was  arrested  while  putting 
The  "ten-s  were  a  laser-radar  element 
ranufactured  by  the  Thompson-CSF  and  a  qyrcscoDe  from  the  Sperry- 
Rand  display.  Ke  was  ousted  from  France. 
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OPERATIONAL  ENVIRONMENT  AND  VULNERABILITIES  |U) 
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(U)  The  Ministry  for  State  Security  (MfS),  like  the  KGB,  is  a 
combined  security  and  intelligence  entity.  Its  foreign  intelli- 
operations  are   conducted  by  the  Main  Administration  for 
igence  (HVA). 
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PRC  MISSION  (U) 
(U)  The  People's  Republic  of  China  (PRC)  and  the  FRG  agreed  to 
establish  diplomatic  relations  in  October  1972  and  the  first  PRC 
=) 
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8(U)  AFOSI  Special  Report  entitled,  The  Czech  Intelligence  and 
Security  Services,  April  1974,  has  additional  information  about 
the  role  and  capabilities  of  the  Czech  services.
m 
^ 
ambassador  presented  his  credentials  on  20  June  1973.  He  nad 
previously  served  for  two  years  as  head  of  the  New  China  News 
Agency  (NCNA)  in  Bonn. 
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(U)  PRC  diplomats  have  voiced  support,  of  NATO  and 
Jj£ated  European  security  is  essential  to*  thwart  Soviet 
attempts  to  "Fin]and>ze".-£urope  and  that  a  revitalized-  - 
NATO  is  necessary.  They  reportedly  have  affirmed  that  a 
continued  U.S.  presence  in  Europe  is  necessary  and  point 
..o  the  Soviet  invasion  of  Czechoslovakia  as  an  example  of 
Soviet  arrbitions. 
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YUGOSLAV  MISSION  |U) 
HOSTILE  INTELLIGENCE  OPERATIONS  IN  THE  FRG  |U) 
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