U.S. Army Field Station Sinop The 9488th Technical Service Unit, Signal Service Team was organized on 23 October 1950 at the Signal Corps Electronic Warfare Center, Fort Monmouth, New Jersey. In the spring of 1951; the unit deployed to Turkey “where it was subsequently divided into three elements: the headquarters and main body on a peninsula approximately two kilometers north of the city of Sinop, Turkey (the base was known as Site 6); a se- cond element at Samsun, Turkey; and a third element, con- sisting of communications center personnel, at Ankara. ASs- signed to the Chief Signal Officer, U.S. Army, the unit had in 1955 an authorized strength of four officers and 40 en- listed men. After 24 June 1955, the unit was known locally as the United States Logistics Group (TUSLOG) Detachment 4 as part of the U.S. military presence in Turkey. Effective 1 November 1955, the 9488th TSU, along with 12 other Signal Corns units worldwide, was transferred to the Army Security Agency and further reassigned to HQ ASA, Europe. At the same time, the 9488th was redesignated as the 23d Army Security Agency Detachment, 7223d Administra- tive Unit. Almost immediately, plans were underway to re- define the unit's mission and provide new equipment. The name P-32 was assigned to this project, and the new mission was begun by May 1956. Prior to ASA's assuming control, personnel at the Sinop site consisted of one officer and 15 enlisted men who resided in privately rented houses in town, On 1 December 1955, all personnel moved into the Sinop Palas Hotel, a three-story structure located in the center of the city. New troops arriving in Sinop in April i956 were initially billeted in pup tents and shortly thereafter in eight squad tents which were erected at Site 6. Shipments of Jamesway shelters began arriving on 3 May 1956 and were erected in blocks of five each at the site. During the second half of 1956, a landing strip was completed at Sinop which permitted courier flights of an L-20. In 1957, a visiting chaplain proposed to the assigned person- nel that they undertake the construction of a chapel as an off-duty project--a suggestion which was quickly taken to heart. Through volunteer labor and monetary gifts, the chap- el was sufficiently completed to hold services by Christmas 1958. Visitors to Sinop carried the story of the chapel abroad, and unexpectedly, contributions began to come in, especially from ASA units in Europe. Learning the need of a bell, the Governor of the Province of Sinop presented one 116 od
to the chapel as a gesture of Turkish-American friendship. A second larger bell, cast in Italy, was obtained from the Capuchin Fathers at Trabzon through Father Henry Meade. On 1 January 1957, the 23d Army Security Agency Detachment was redesignated as the 276th U.S. Army Security Agency Company. In September 1959, the post was given the desig- nation of "Diogenes Station,” so named after the Greek phi- losopher who was born in Sinop approximately 400 B.C. With the expansion of its mission, personnel, and construction program, the unit's next milestone was the changing of its status from a company to a field station. The 276th USASA Company was redesignated as the 5th U.S. Army Security Agency Field Station on 15 September 1961 and reorganized to consist of a Garrison Company; U.S. Army Garrison, Dio- genes Station; and the 5th USASA Operations Company. The 5th USASA Field Station was reassigned from HQ USASA, Europe to HQ USASA, Turkey (15th USASA Field Station) on 2 March 1962. The U.S. Army Garrison, Diogenes Station was short- lived, being discontinued on 26 March 1962; at the same time, Garrison Company was redesignated Headquarters and Service Company. On 15 June 1965, the 5th Operations Com- pany was discontinued and Company A was organized in its place. In 1966, the field station acreage was expanded with the construction of the BANKHEAD II] facilities (name changed to HIPPODROME in 1969). On 15 December 1967, the 5th USASA Field Station was redesig- nated as U.S. Army Security Agency Field Station, Sinop. Ef- fective 1 January 1968, the station became the command head- quarters for all ASA units in the Near and Middle East and itself reported directly to HQ USASA, Europe. This change in status resulted from the discontinuance of the 15th Field Station, whose personnel and resources located at Karamursel and Istanbul were subordinated to USASA Field Station, Sinop. These elements were designated Companies B and C, respective- ly. While serving as the command headquarters for ASA in the re-— gion, the field station had several units within the Middle East assigned for various periods. These included U.S. Army Signal Research Unit Number 6 (1 January 1968 to 30 October 1969); U.S. Army Signal Research Unit Number 20 (15 June 1968 to 15 February 1970); U.S. Army Signal Research Unit Number 20A (15 June 1968 to 15 February 1970); and U.S. Army Signal es ani Unit Number 23 (1 January 1968 to 1 September 1969). 147
In July 1969, Company C, located at Istanbul, was relieved of its administrative responsibilities and discontinued. During 1970, Air Force personnel were relocated to Sinop, making the station "tri-Service" for the first time. Upon the discontinuance of HQ USASA, Europe on 15 October 1972, the field station was assigned to HQ USASA (and its successor, the U.S. Army Intelligence and Security Command, after 1 Jan- uary 1977). The first enlisted woman was assigned in July 1973. Company B was formally discontinued on 30 September 1976. On 1 May 1977, the field station was redesignated as U.S. Army Field Station Sinop. Headquarters and Service Company and A Company were reorganized on 1 June 1981 as Headquar- ters and Operations Company. On 11 April 1983, Headquarters and Operations Company was again divided into Headquarters and A Company, only to be once more consolidated on 16 January 1984 as Headquarters and Headquarters Company. Unit Day: 9 Qctober. U.S. Army Field Station Sinop cele- brates 9 October 1981, the date the station left a caretak- er status and returned to an active status. 118
SYMBOLISM The lantern symbolizes the search for truth and reflects the unit's mission. The lightning flash refers to speed and electronic communications. The color red and the crescent and star allude to the unit's location in Turkey.
U.S. Army INSCOM CONUS Military Intelligence Group Effective 15 November 1954, Headquarters and Headquarters Detachment, Army Security Agency Troop Command, 7200th AAU (Administrative Area Unit) was organized at Fort George G. Meade, Maryland. The unit was assigned to the Army Security Agency and attached to the Second Army for logistical sup- port. Its mission was to serve aS a carrier unit for ASA personnel assigned for duty with the National Security Agen- cy at Fort George G. Meade. The ASA Troop Command was specifically charged with supervising the administrative activities of its organic elements. The establishment of the ASA Troop Command was the result of a pending move of the National Security Agency from Arlington Hall Station, Virginia, to Fort George G. Meade in early 1955, At the time of its organization, support personnel of the ASA Troop Command were physically located at Arlington Hall Station, but on 26 November 1954, they were relocated to Fort George G. Meade and billeted in World War II temporary type buildings. On 27 January 1955, personnel assigned to duty at NSA joined the headquarters support troops. In late April 1955, the ASA Troop Command moved to a semi- permanent area on Chisholm Avenue. Although the buildings were constructed in World War II, they had been recently renovated, and extensive landscaping undertaken. By 30. June, the assigned strength consisted of 10 officers and 196 enlisted men. Organizationally, the unit consisted of a Headquarters Detachment and A Company. In late November 1957, the ASA Troop Command occupied new facilities consist- ing of a 500-man, permanent type structure with two wings joined by a consolidated mess to form a "U" type structure. The USASA Troop Command was redesignated on 26 December 1957 as the U.S. Army Security Agency Support Element, NSA (Field) and reorganized to consist of Hq & Hq Detachment, A and B Com- panies, and WAC Company. (The first WAC personnel had re- ported for duty with the National Security Agency on 15 Octo- ber 1957.) By mid-1958, there were over 60 WAC's assigned. On 14 April 1961, the WAC Company was reattached to the U.S. Army Garrison, Fort George G. Meade, for logistic support. Through the years other ASA units with personnel assigned to NSA were attached to the USASA Support Element, NSA. These included GENS-1 (June 1959 to April 1962); Office of the As- sistant to the Chief, USASA (April 1959 to July 1961); Com- munications and Electronic Security Division (April 1959 to
July 1961); and USASA Liaison Group, Fort Meade (July to Aug- gust 1961). In the 1960-61 time period, the USASA Support Element, NSA underwent amajor reorganization. On 1 December 1960, A Com- pany was redesignated as Operations Company and all USASA personnel serving at NSA were either assigned or attached to the company. B Company was redesignated as Headquarters Company. On 1 September 1961, the USASA Support Element, NSA was redesignated as the U.S. Army Security Agency, Fort Heade; however, this designation was shortlived, as two years later, on 8 November 1963, it was again redesignated, this time as the U.S. Army Security Agency Support Group. At the same time, it was reorganized to consist of Hq & Hq Company, A and B Companies, and Student Company. The as- signed and attached strength on 30 June 1964 totaled nearly 1,000. In 1975, the Student Company became C Company. On 1 January 1977, the U.S. Army Security Agency was redesig- nated as the U.S. Army Intelligence and Security Command, and the group subsequently reassigned. Over the years, admin- istrative, training, and logistical functions of the group remained basically the same. Upon its receiving a new mis- sion, the USASA Support Group was redesignated on 1 November 1977 as the U.S. Army Intelligence and Security Command CONUS Military Intelligence Group. In April 1978, the group assumed support for a portion of the Peacetime Utili- zation Program. Concurrently, it was reorganized to include D and E Companies, the latter was solely dedicated to the Support of the Peacetime Utilization Program. Personnel to fill E Company came from the 376th ASA Company, when the unit transferred from George G. Meade to Fort Hood, Texas, in April 1978. On 30 June 1979, D Company merged with C Company, and E Company was redesignated as D Company. On 1 March 1980, the group was reorganized into two provi- sional battalions to provide a better span of control and better support to assigned personnel. On 31 March 1981, the provisional status was dropped, and the battalions formally organized. The Ist Battalion consisted of Headquarters and A and B Companies; the 2d Battalion of Headquarters and Operations Company and A Company. 8B Company of the lst Bat- talion was discontinued on 1 December 1983. Unit Day: 31 March. The U.S. Army INSCOM CONUS Military In- telligence Group celebrates the formal establishment of its subordinate battalions and their companies on 31 March 1981.
U.S. Army Cryptologic Support Group On 15 October 1972, the U.S. Army Security Agency Office, Europe was organized at Heidelberg, Germany, to perform a liaison mission, representing the Commander, U.S. Army Se- curity Agency on designated command, administr2tive, and logistics matters pertaining to USASA units end activities located in Europe, the Mid-East, and other areas as directed. The unit was organized as a result of the concurrent discon- tinuance of HQ USASA, Europe. The office was assigned to the U.S. Army Security Agency, and after 1 January 1977, to ASA's successor, the U.S. Army Intelligence and Security Command. Over the years the office underwent a series of successive redesignations: USASA Support Element, USAREUR (2 October 1975); INSCOM Liaison Detachment, U.S. Army Europe (1 Febru- ary 1977); and finally, the U.S. Army Cryptologic Support Group (1 October 1977). The group has remained located at Campbell Barracks in Heidelberg, Germany, headquarters of USAREUR and Seventh Army. Unit Day: None provided to the INSCOM History Office. 122.
U.sS. Army Special Security Group Although the U.S. Army Special Security Group traces its organ- izational origins as a separate TDA unit to the establishment of Detachment M, OACofS, G2 on 15 May 1950 in Washington, D.C., the group's mission dates to World War II. After the sudden attack on Peari Harbor, Secretary of War Stimson recog- nized the need to exploit and protect the "MAGIC" intercept material being produced by the Signal Intelligence Service from the Japanese diplomatic code traffic. Secretary Stimson turned to Mr. Alfred McCormack, a prominent New York lawyer of the day, to investigate signal intelligence operations to ensure that they met the requirements of the war effort and that they were exploited to their maximum possibilities. During the course of his investigation, Mr. McCormack came in contact with Colonel (later Brigadier General) Carter WwW. Clarke. The two presented their recommendations to the ACofs, G2, who agreed with the findings. Consequently, a section of the Far Eastern Branch of the Military Intelligence Ser- vice (MIS), the operating arm of ACofS, G2, was made the Special Service Branch (soon renamed the Special Branch) in May 1942. (During the eariy days of the war, the Far Eastern Branch had prepared the initial intelligence summaries der- ived from intercepted traffic.) Colonel Clarke was designated the Special Service Branch's chief, and Mr. McCormack was commissioned with the rank of colonel and became deputy chief. By the end of July, the branch had succeeded in assembling 20 officers, one enlisted man, and 18 civilians. Because of numerous personnel restrictions, the total rose to only 28 officers and 55 civilians by March 1943. In April 1943, Colonel McCormack, accompanied by Colonel Telford Taylor of the Military Intelligence Service and Mr. William Friedman, the famed cryptologist of the Signal Secur- ity Agency, went to England and a made a two-month survey of British signal intelligence operations. As a result, the Special Service Branch adopted many of operational principles established by the British for the handling of "ULTRA" materi- al, the code name given for signal intelligence derived by breaking the German high level machine produced ciphers. In the fall of 1943, approval was obtained to establish a sys- tem of MIS special security representatives to serve field commanders in the dissemination and interpretation of MAGIC/ ULTRA. By the ‘end of the year, special security officers had been attached to the three major U.S. commands in the Pacific.
By June 1944, the staff of Special Branch had attained a strength of 382. This made the branch larger than all the other intelligence production elements within MIS put together. Because there was a great duplication of effort and the re- mainder of MIS was producing intelligence reports without the benefit of signal intelligence material, it was decided in June that the Special Branch would be discontinued and its functions absorbed into a homogeneous MIS. The "special security" functions remained within MIS until May 1946, at which time the MIS was discontinued and its operating func- tions were merged with the Military Intelligence Division, which had formerly served as the staff arm of ACofs, G2. On 15 May 1950, the “special security" responsibilities lo- cated worldwide were brought together for the first time in a separate TDA organization with the establishment of Detach- ment M, OACofS, G2 in Washington, 0.C. Detachment M served as a field detachment under the ACofS, G2. For its person-~ nel's contributions during the Korean War, elements of the detachment received the Meritorious Unit Commendation (30 July 1950 to 27 July 1953) and the Republic of Korea Presi- dential Unit Citation. . Over the years, the organization was successively redesigna- ted the following: the Special Security Detachment, ACSI on 15 June 1960 and the Special Security Group, ACSI on 1 October 1967. In 1960, the organizational charter was expanded to include control and distribution of all-source intelligence data. For its contributions during the Vietnam War, elements of the group within Vietnam received two Meritorious Unit Ci- tations, a Republic of Vietnam Cross of Gallantry with Palm, and a Republic of Vietnam Civil Action Honor Medal. As a result of the Intelligence Organization and Stationing Study, implemented in 1976, the Special Security Office (SSO) system was divided into two separate and distinct components: SSO's supporting activities at echelons above corps (EAC) and those supporting units at corps and below. The former remain- ed a part of the Special Security Group while the latter, call- ed tactical SSO's, became organic to the supported units and fell under the command and control of the tactical command. Additionally, I0SS gave the Army Communications Command res- ponsibility for the communications functions previously per- formed by the SSO‘s. In an effort to centralize Special Compartmented Intelligence Operations, the Vice Chief of Staff, U.S. Army directed the transfer of the U.S. Army Special Security Group from OACSi to 124
HQ INSCOM effective 1 October 1980. In January 1985, the unit moved from the Pentagon to Arlington Hall Station, Vir- Ginia. Unit Day: 15 May. The U.S. Army Special Security Group cele- brates its origin as a separate organization on 15 May 1950.
SYMBOLISM The sword, referring to the aggressive and protec- tive aspects of the organization, together with the heraldic wyvern, a two-legged dragon repre- senting vigilance, and the heraldic door bolt for secrecy symbolizes the basic mission of the U.S. - Army Special Security Group. 126
U.S. Army INSCOM Intelligence Center, Pacific The Intelligence Organization and Stationing Study, initiated by the Chief of Staff, U.S. Army in 1975, recognized the need for an adequately staffed intelligence headquarters element in the Pacific to facilitate transition to war and to provide peacetime intelligence and security support. In the draft of Field Manual 100-16 dated November 1977, the U.S. Army Intelligence and Security Command proposed the creation of a Theater Army Intelligence Command (TAIC); the need for such a theater command was reinforced by Exercise NIFTY NUGGET. In November 1978, CG, U.S. Army CINCPAC Support Group requested INSCOM to establish a TAIC in the Pacific Command (PACOM). This request was part of the overall planning effort associ- ated with the establishment in Hawaii of a major Army command as the Army component of the Pacific Command. In April 1979, the U.S. Army Western Command (WESTCOM) was established. INSCOM and WESTCOM jointly contributed to an INSCOM OPLAN which established an INSCOM Theater Intelligence Center, Paci- fic (Provisional) at Fort Shafter, Hawaii, on 1 October 1979. The center provided required peacetime intelligence, security, and electronic warfare support to WESTCOM, INSCOM units with- in PACOM, and other PACOM Army elements. The center also had the capability to provide an organizational base for war- time expansion, : On 1 January 1981, the provisional center was discontinued, and the U.S. Army INSCOM Intelligence Center, Pacific was formally organized at Fort Shafter. On 1 May 1981, a major milestone occurred with the opening of a facility at Fort Shafter which enhanced the center's multidiscipline operations and provided important operational communications links. Unit Day: 1 January. U.S. Army INSCOM Theater Intelligence Center, pacific celebrates its organization on 1 January 1981. 127 3 i F i
U.S. Army Russian Institute On 15 May 1950, the 8582d Administrative Area Unit, Army Stu- dent Detachment, Detachment R was organized at Regensburg, Germany, and assigned to the Assistant Chief of Staff, G-2, Intelligence. Although this was the organizational base upon which the modern U.S. Army RuSsies Institute was built, tre mission of Detachment R goes back to 1947. Detachment R, Intelligence Division, General Staff, U.S. Army, was organized on 22 May 1947 at Oberammergau, Germany; assigned to the Intelligence Division; and attached to the European Command for logistical support. Although the school was in Qberam- mergau, living quarters for the students, without families, were established in a hotel in Garmisch-Partenkirchen. The mission was to provide language and area training for 10 selected Regular Army officers per year in order to build up a reservoir of personnel specialized in all aspects of Russian culture pertinent to staff and military attache duties. A four year course of instruction was established, consisting of one year of language and background training at Columbia University, New York, and three years of language and area training in the American Zone of Occupation, Germany. The first group of 10 officers (five Army and five Air Force) began its course of study at Columbia University, New York, on 12 January 1946. Academic instruction began at Oberammer- gau in July 1947 when seven faculty members were hired. To aid its search for highly qualified instructors, Detachment R was given permission to hire displaced persons. In December 1948, Detachment R received orders from HQ Euro- pean Command to move from Oberammergau to Regensburg, Germany. During March 1948, the staff, faculty, and student body relo- cated to Regensburg as housing became available. In May 1955, the detachment moved from Regensburg back to Oberammergau. Effective 1 May 1964, Detachment R relocated from Oberammer- gau to Building 104, Sheridan Barracks, Garmisch, Germany, in order to have the school and housing for the students, staff, and faculty al? combined in one area. Additionally, the Oberammergau location was needed to house units belonging to U.S. Army, Europe. On 25 May 1965, Detachment R was attached to U.S. Army School, Europe, Effective 1 October 1967, U.S. Army Field Detachment R was re- designated as the U.S. Army Institute for Advanced Russian and East European Studies (USAIAREES), to more accurately define the nature of the unit's activities and facilitate its exter-
nal relations with civilian institutions and other govern- mental agencies. In December 1976, U.S. Army, Europe, which funded USAIAREES and held responsibilities for civilian and local wage rate employ- ees, requested that these reponsibilities be transferred to another command. HQDA agreed with USAREUR's request, and with OACSI's recommendztions, it was decided i- August 12°77 that the U.S. Army Intelligence and Security Command would receive the funding/personnel responsibilities for USAIAREES. The transfer of USAIAREES occurred on 1 October 1978. On the same day, the Institute for Advanced Russian and East European Studies was redesignated the U.S. Army Russian Institute. MG Albert N. Stubblebine, III, CDR INSCOM, directed that a Foreign Language Training Center be organized in Munich under operaticnal control of the U.S. Army Russian Institute. The mission of the training center was to provide short refresher courses for linguist personnel assigned to USAREUR and INSCOM units in Europe. The training center was organized on 1 Octo- ber 1982 at the McGraw Kaserne, and the initial class began the same month, Unit Day: 22 May. The U.S. Army Russian Institute celebrates 22 May 1947, the day its predecessor organization and mission were established.
SYMBOLISM The dominant feature of the U.S. Army Russian In- Sstitute’s crest is the familiar double eagle sym- bolizing Russian traditions and heritage, which form the basis for serious study of the USSR. The red star signifies the current regime that is of the utmost and immediate concern to military Students of Soviet affairs. The stylized letters in the center of the crest--USARI--represent U.S. Army Russian Institute, the accepted designation of the institute for over a quarter of a century. All of this is superimposed on a field of red, white, and blue, the American national colors to indicate U.S. Army sponsorship. The motto in Cyrillic lettering at the bottom reads “Za Luch- Sheye Budushcheye," which means “For a Better Future," a worthy goal for a truly unique mili- tary institution. 131
U.S. Army Central Security Facility On 1 July 1974, the U.S. Army Counterintelligence Support De- tachment was organized at Fort George G. Meade, Maryland, and assigned to the U.S. Army Intelligence Agency. However, its mission of maintaining the Army's investigative records began nearly 23 years earlier. A Department of the Army letter dated 17 August 1951 organized the G2 Central kecords “acili- ty at Fort Holabird, Maryland, and placed the facility under the direct supervision of the Assistant Chief of Staff, G2, DA. The Central Records Facility served as the custodian and repository for all counterintelligence personality in- vestigative files created by or for the Department of the Army. It replaced a system of maintaining counterintelli- gence files at over 20 locations within CONUS. Over the next year, the counterintelligence personality files from the CONUS Army headquarters, Military District of Washington, and the QOACofS, G2 were transferred to the Central Records Facility, followed in 1954 by hard copies of the counterintel- ligence files from Army headquarters overseas, (The overseas headquarters retained microfilmed copies of their files.) Also in 1954, liaison teams representing the CONUS armies, Military District of Washington, and overseas commands were established at the facility. On 31 August 1954, the G2 Central Records Facility was transferred from the Assistant Chief of Staff, G2 to the commander of the Army Intelligence Center, Fort Holabird. On 21 December 1956, the G2 Central Records Facility was rede- signated as the U.S. Army Central Records Facility. Management improvements adopted within the same year included open shelf filing, a terminal digit filing system, replacement of upright Cabinets to house the card index, and installation of the initial portion of a data transceiver communications system between the facility and Army commands. In 1957, the Central Records Facility began to maintain a col- lection of files pertaining to organizations, groups, activi- ties, and impersonal subjects of interest to the Army. On 30 November 1960, the facility was again redesignated, this time as the U.S. Army Counterintelligence Records Facility. By 1963, the facility had become the records center for all the Industrial Security Clearance Review Office case files. The Secretary of the Army directed a study called Project SE- CURITY SHIELD in 1964 to locate deficiencies in the Army's criminal investigation and counterintelligence security sys- tems. The recommendation of the Project SECURITY SHIELD Working Group was that a separate Intelligence Corps command
be established to centralize Army counterintelligence in CONUS. As a result, on 1 January 1965, the U.S. Army Intel-~ ligence Corps Agency was discontinued, the U.S. Army Intel- ligence Corps Command organized (redesignated the U.S. Army Intelligence Command on 1 July 1965), and the Counterintel- ligence Records Facility transferred to the Intelligence Corps Command. By 1965, the master index at the facility had grown to include in excess of 11 million references. Its 20 miles of files were housed in a building as large as three football fields. The facility underwent further expansion when as a result of Project SECURITY SHIELD, the Provost Marshal's criminal inves- tigation files were transferred from Fort Gordon, Georgia, and collocated with the Counterintelligence Records Facility at Fort Holabird. This meant that an investigative check of an individual's records would automatically result in a check of both past counterintelligence and criminal investigations. On 1 January 1966, the U.S. Army Military Police Criminal Inves- tigative Repository was officially discontinued and its func- tions transferred to the control of the Commanding Generai, USAINTC for integration into the Counterintelligence Records Facility. To better describe the mission and holdings of the repository, the U.S. Army Counterintelligence Records Facility was redesignated the U.S. Army Investigative Re- cords Repository (IRR) on 1 March 1966. Findings of a 1965 DOD Personnel Security Survey Study ap- proved by Robert S. McNamara, Secretary of Defense, led to the establishment of the Department of Defense National Agency Check Center (DODNACC) and the Defense Central Index of Investigations (DCII) in February 1966. Upon establish- ment of the DODNACC and OCII, the Investigative Records Repository (IRR) transferred its Index Division, which hand- Ted the card index, and its Electrical Accounting Machine Division to the DCII. Between July and November 1968, the files of the U.S. Army, Europe Central Registry at Wallace Barracks, Bad Cannstadt, Germany, were transferred and integrated into the Investi- gative Records Repository at Fort Holabird. The shipment included a total of over 32,000 hard-copy dossiers; 5,000,000 index cards; and 20 cabinets containing approximately 1,100, 000 microfilmed dossiers. In conjunction with the transfer of the European files, IRR took on the added responsibility of serving European requesters, Seventeen military spaces were transferred to the Investigative Records Repository's Dossier Review Division to handle the work formerly done by the USAREUR Liaison Team at the Investigative Records Repcsi- tory. 133°
In September 1967, the Assistant Chief of Staff, Inteliigence requested that USAINTC assume contro! of the Counterintelli- gence Repository, Japan and integrate it into the U.S. Army In- vestigative Records Repository. The Counterintelligence Re- pository, Japan had been established by the Commander in Chief, Far East Command in February 1954 for use by all intelli- gence agencies within that area. The actual transfer of the Counterintelligence Repository, vapan and its files vccurred in December 1969, but the repository continued to operate as a separate element at the IRR until its 60,000 personality files and its more than two million impersonal files were in- tegrated into the IRR. During Fiscal Year 1970, the U.S. Army Intelligence Command gained a large number of new activities with the result that, at one time, 29 separate agencies and staff elements were reporting to the command group. In order to reduce the span of control and achieve a more economical mode of reporting, various agencies and staff elements were merged. The Office of the Director of Investigative Records (DIR) was organized on 19 May 1970 and brought together under one roof four or- ganizations whose missions and functions were closely inter- twined: DODNACC, DCII, Data Handling Center (DHC), and IRR. On 30 July 1971, the Office of Director of Investigative Records was redesignated the Defense Investigative Records Directorate (DIRD). On 1 January 1972, a most profound change occurred when the Defense Investigative Service was organized. As a result, a multitude of resources were transferred from USAINTC to the Defense Investigative Service (DIS), including all the activities under the DIRD with the exception of the IRR. From April through December, there was a phased transfer of functions from DIRD until its discontinuance in December 1972, On 15 December 1972, the IRR was formally transferred to the purview of the Deputy Commander, USAINTC, although it had been operating under his control since October. With the reorganization of USAINTC on 15 December 1972, two new divisions were added to IRR. A Security Force was trans- ferred from the Chief of Security, and a File Review and Purge Division was established to review and screen all files for retention/destruction in line with new guidelines prohi- biting the acquisition of information concerning persons and organizations not affiliated with the Department of Defense. This meant the complete review of over five million personali- ty dossiers. The final result was a reduction of the files by more than half. 134
Beginning in October 1973, the IRR began a phased move to Fort George G. Meade, Maryland. The majority of its person- ne? were relocated in January 1974. The move was necessitated by the relocation of the U.S. Army Intelligence Command itself. On 30 June 1974, the command was discontinued, and on the next day, the U.S. Army Intelligence Agency established in its place. This major reorganization required a new TDA base to be established for the IRR. On 1 July 1974, the U.S. Army Counterintelligence Support Detachment was organized, consis- ting of the Investigative Records Repository and the Personnel Security Office. The Security Office supported OACSI for that portion of the DA Personnel Security Program for which the Commander, U.S. Army Intelligence Agency was responsible. On 19 February 1975, the Freedom of Information Center (FOIC) was officially organized as a subelement of the Personnel Security Office. Approximately 20 military personnel from the 519th Military Intelligence Battalion, a -document transla- tion unit, were detailed for duty with the center. Civilian personnel working in the FOIC were detailed from different staff sections of USAINTA headquarters. On 12 April 1976, the CI Support Detachment was redesignated the U.S. Army Central Security Facility (CSF). This action re- flected more than just a change of name. Under the Central Security Facility, the functions of the Investigations Divi- sion, Director of Counterintelligence, HQ USAINTA were added to those of the former Cl Support Detachment, which had inclu- ded the Personnel Security Office, the IRR, and the FOIC. Once a part of the Central Security Facility, the Investiga- tions Division was redesignated the Investigations Office and made responsible for planning, coordinating, and providing counterintelligence investigative support and case control for DA. Effective 1 October 1977, the U.S. Army Central Personnel Se- curity Clearance Facility was established at Fort George G. Meade as a field activity of the U.S. Army Military Personnel Center. As a result, the mission and personnel of the Per- sonnel Security Office were transferred from the Central Security Facility to the new Clearance Facility on 12 June 1978. On 16 July 1978, the Investigations Office was discontinued and its functions transferred to DIS. Utilizing the person- nel from the former Investigations Office, the Special Acts Office was organized within the Central Security Facility on 1 September 1978 to perform a series of newly assigned func- tions. The SAO maintained, operated, and Supervised the INSCOM Personnel Security Screening Interview Procedures and 1368
the Military Intelligence Applicant Screening Program. On 2 April 1979, to adjust to an internal reorganization and for better utilization of personnel resources, the SAO was relocated within the Freedom of Information/Privacy Office. Finally, on 30 September 1980, the Special Acts Office was abolished and its functions were eliminated, absorbed by the Central Security Facility, or transferred to other INSCOM elements. Unit Day: 12 April. The U.S. Army Central Security Facility celebrates the consolidation of a myriad of functions under one organization on 12 April 1976.
u.S. Army Garrison, Arlington Hall Station Arlington Hall Station once served as the site of the Ar- lington Hall Junior College for Girls, begun as a sister school to Sullins College, an exclusive finishing school for girls in Bristol, Virginia. Founded by Dr. William E. Martin, dr., "0 had served as President of Sullins, Ar- lington Hail opened its doors in 1927 upon completion of its administration, classroom, and dormitory building which today serves as the main headquarters building for the U.S. Army Intelligence and Security Command. The present post gymnasium, along with the east wing of the main building, was built a year later. .In the years before the war, Arlington Hall Junior College provided a genteel education to a select clientele of young ladies. Courses in music, ert, and drama were supplemented by more utilitarian offerings in home economics, secretarial training, and physical education. The college boasted in- door and outdoor riding arenas and maintained a noted eques- trian club. The school offered its students a lovely, park- like setting with ready access to the culture of Washington, D.C. During the summer, its facilities served as a resort hotel for individuals wanting to escape the confines of the District of Columbia. In 1934, the Great Depression forced Dr. Martin to declare bankruptcy and the college to be turned over to a board of trustees. Despite this momentary setback, the school continued to grow in size and pres- tige, reaching an enrollment of 202 students by 1942. When America entered World War II, U.S. Army signal intelli- gence and security were being carried on by the Signal Intelligence Service (SIS) and by its operating arm, the 2d Signal Service Company (redesignated as the 2d Signal Service Battalion in April 1942). In the first months of the war, these expanding organizations quickly outgrew their office space in the Munitions Building, located in Washington, D.C. SIS discovered Arlington Hall quite by accident when a party of officers returning from an in- spection of a proposed monitoring site near Warrenton, Virginia (today, Vint Hill Farms Station), noticed the school as they drove down Lee Boulevard (now Arlington Boulevard) in April 1942.) Arlington Hall seemed an ideal site with its 100 acres; ready access to both Washington, D.C. and the proposed monitoring station; and security provided by its relative isolation from prying eyes of possible enemy agents. When approached, the college trustees were more than willing to ve 137
turn over the school to the War Department for the duration of the war. However, the War Department wanted a permanent control and ultimately secured the institution through a court-imposed settlement of $650,000. This was $190,000 less than the college's asking price and barely paid off the school's mortgage obligations. On 10 June 1942, the U.S. Army took possession of the property with a guard detail of an armed second lieutenant and fourteen trcons toting sawed-off broom handies--rifles were in short supply. Arlington Hall Station was officially organized as an “ex- empt" military post under the Military District of Washing- ton on 8 July 1942, By 24 August, the SIS and the 2d Signal Service Battalion had completed their move from the Munitions Building to the new quarters. A double chain-link fence wired to an alarm system surrounded the new post, and a hadge system controlled access to the installation. From the start, the existing facilities remaining from the days of the school were inadequate to serve the Army's needs. In September 1942, ground was broken for A Building (to house operational elements), the enlisted barracks, and a civilian cafeteria. The first wings of A Building were no sooner completed than construction of a _ second operations area, B Building, was begun in December. This first phase of construction was followed in the summer of 1944 by the construction of additional barracks to accommo- date the increased numbers of WAC's. Troop support facili- ties such as the post exchange, theater, and recreational center were also built at this time. By the war's end, there were approximately 5,700 civilians and 2,250 mili- tary personne] (including 1,000 WAC's) at Arlington Hall. The entire post was operating on a round-the-clock basis and on a $Six-day work week. During the war, the Signal Intelligence Service underwent a number of organizational changes, finally being redesigna- ted the Signal Security Agency (SSA) on 1 July 1943. The Chief, SIS (later the Chief, SSA) also wore additional hats as the commander of Arlington Halli Station and commander of the 2d Signal Service Battalion. As Commander, 2d Sig- nal Service Battalion, he controlled not only the troops at Arlington Hall Station but those located at worldwide monitoring detachments of the battalion. In reality, the responsibilities of the post commander and the Commander, 2d Signal Service Battalion were delegated to the Adminis- trative Officer, SIS (later.SSA). In March 1944, the admin- istrative officer was redesignated as executive officer. - 138
Victory in World War II brought many changes to Arlington Hall Station. Within a few months the civilian work force had dropped by half as personnel rushed to return to careers interrupted by the war. On 15 September 1945, the Army Se- curity Agency was organized under the operational control of the Director of Intelligence, War Department General Staff, to replace the Signal Security Agency, which was dis- continued. Unlike its predecessors, SA exercised direct control of all the Army's SIGINT and COMSEC assets. In De- cember 1945, the positions of Commander, ASA and commander of Arlington Hall Station were separated and the position of executive officer, who in the past had acted as post com- mander, was abolished. These changes were followed on 20 April 1946 with the disbanding of Hq, 2d Signal Service Bat- talion. In the end, the reorganizations left in place a command which controlled the troops assigned to Arlington Hall Station and performed troop/post support functions. A new TDA base was formed with the organization of Hq & Hq Company, Arlington Hall Station on 20 April 1946. Although these units were not formally recognized by General Orders, the troops were divided among Hq & Hq Company, the Security Guard Company, the WAC Company, and a Casual Detachment for those personnel yet to be assigned permanently. The WAC Company, which had dropped in strength from over 1,000 at the war's end to only 35 women within a year's span, was finally discontinued in 1949, The creation of a separate U.S. Air Force following the war resulted in the establishment of the Air Force Security Service in October 1949 at Arlington Hall Station. In March 1949, the Air Force Security Service relocated from Building A, Arlington Hall Station, to Brooks Air Force Base, Texas. In July 1949, the Armed Forces Security Agency (AFSA) was organized to provide centralized direction to the crypto- logic elements of ail three services and drew civilian and military personnel from each of the services. AFSA took over a large part of both Arlington Hall Station, where its headquarters was located, and the Naval Security Group headquarters on Nebraska Avenue, NW., Washington, 0.C. The Korean War brought expansion and with it reorganization. In October 1950, the First Battalion (Provisional) was or- ganized to oversee the troops assigned at Arlington Hall Station. The troops were divided between Hq & Hq Company, the Security Guard Company, and the WAC Company. (The Secu- rity Guard Company and the WAC Company were formally organ- ized on 1 June 1951.) On 10 March 1952, A and B Companies were also organized and recognized by General Orders. Due to overcrowded living conditions, Company B was located at South Area, Fort Myer, Virginia, from February 1953 to 139
June 1956 at which time the company returned, In March 1953, the First Battalion ceased to function as an admini- Strative headquarters. ° From March 1953 to August 1956, a position of troop com- mander existed within the post headquarters to oversee the training, supply, welfare, and discipline of the assigned troops. In August, a position of S-3 was established in place of the troop commander. Also in August, the Security Guard Company was redesignated as the Military Police Company. Among other organizational changes, Hq & Hq Company, Arling- ton Hall Station was redesignated as U.S. Army Garrison, Ar- lington Hall Station on } January 1957. At the time, U.S. Army Garrison consisted of Hq & Hq Company, Company A, Com- _ pany B, Security Guard Company, and WAC Company. On 16 Sep- tember Company B was discontinued and its personnel trans- ferred to the Military District of Washington (MDW) U.S. Army Support Element, Arlington Hall Station; organized to carry personnel whose duty assignments were at other MOW installations, mainly the Pentagon, Other changes were taking place on Arlington Hall Station during the 1950's, In 1952, the Armed Forces Security Agency, which had been controlled by the Joint Chiefs of Staff, was replaced as the Central Cryptologic Agency by the National Security Agency (NSA) subordinated to the Secretary of Defense. In January 1955, NSA moved its headquarters from Arlington Hall Station to Fort George G. Meade, Mary- land, followed by a phased move of its remaining elements over the next three years. In 1958, A and B Buildings, which NSA had vacated, were quickly filled by a variety of intel- ligence or intelligence support related tenants. Joint Task Force 7 was the first element to come on board, fol- Towed by intelligence elements of five Army technical services; ACSI's technical intelligence unit; the U.S. Air Force Intelligence Command; and the U.S. Army Signal Communi - cations Security Agency. (On 2 February 1962, Arlington Hall Station was made a permanent Class II installation.) The centralizing efforts of Secretary of Defense Robert 5S, MacNamara led to another tenant at Arlington Hall Station. MacNamara created the Defense Intelligence Agency to give coordination and direction to the intelligence efforts of the different services. The newly organized DIA, although headquartered at the Pentagon, was allotted space in Build- ings A and B in July 1962, To make room for DIA, many of the intelligence elements in these buildings were reloca- ted, discontinued, or merged into DIA itself. 140
After the arrival of DIA, Arlington Hall Station witnessed only a few additional organizational changes. The most im- portant change was the redesignation of the U.S. Army Securi- ty Agency as the U.S. Army Intelligence and Security Command on i January 1977. The new command represented a merger of Army intelligence functions. Its main headquarters remained at Arlington Hall Station. Within the U.S. Army Garrison, Arlington Hal] Station, there were also few changes. On 12 June 1966, the WAC Company was discontinued. The next change did not occur until 15 Octo- ber 1981 at which time the Military Police Company was dis- continued and its personnel transferred to Hq & Hq Company, which was redesignated as the Headquarters and Security Com- pany. At the same time, B Company was organized, leaving Garrison with the following organization: Headquarters & Se- curity Company, A Company, and B Company. Between April and October 1984, the Defense Intelligence * Agency, a major tenant at Ariington Hall Station since the early 1960's, began a phased move to its recently con- structed new headquarters at Bolling Air Force Base in Washington, D.C. This left all of B Building and a portion of A Building vacant. After limited renovation, backfill oy HQ INSCOM and Defense Communication Agency elements began. a Arlington Hall Station remains more than a military post. It is a reminder of the gentler days of Arlington Hall Junior College for Girls and a memorial to the outstanding intelligence successes of World War II. It has become inseparably linked with the history and heritage of mili- tary intelligence. Unit Day: 8 July. U.S. Army Garrison, Arlington Hall Station celebrates its establishment as a military post on 8 July 1942. 141
U.S. Army Garrison, Vint Hill Farms Station From the eve of the Revolutionary War to the early 1940's, the site of present day Vint Hill Farms Station, Warrenton, Virginia, was an active farm. The first recorded use of "Vint Hill" to describe the land is found in documents dat- ing to the early 1800's. The farm began to take on a more prestigious status just prior to the Civil War when Andrew Low, who had purchased the property in 1859, began construc- tion of a two and a half story mansion known as "the Big House," later to become the Officers’ Club at Vint Hill Farms Station. As the opposing armies continually crossed this section of northern Virginia during the Civil War, Low raised the British Union Jack over his property as a symbol of his neutrality. Low's efforts in preserving his new home and property from the scourge of war apparently succeeded as both sides left the area unscathed, Over the next 50 years, Low and his family continued to add improvements to the property, including the construction of a new residence for the eldest son Douglas and his bride, “in 1890. This house, “Silvermead," would later serve as the home of the Vint Hill Farms Station commander. In the early 1900's, the farm exchanged hands several times before being bought in 1910 by Mitchell Harrison, a retired businessm:n from Philadelphia, who saw Vint Hill Farms as a desirable location in which to establish an English-type country seat for himself and family. In 1915, Harrison also bought the nearby Buckland Hall estate. Vint Hill remained Harrison's heme and a working farm while Buck- land became a showcase for his horses and prize Shorthorn cattle, celebrated winners at numerous livestock shows held across the United States. When America entered World War IIT, U.S. Army signal intelli- gence and security functions were being carried on by the Signal Intelligence Service (SIS) and by its operating arm, the 2d Signal Service Company (later redesignated as a bat- talion). As a direct result of the expanding mission of these organizations, plans were drawn up for the establish- ment of an East Coast Primary Monitoring Station. Due to its easy access to Washington, D.C., headquarters of the SIS, the Vint Hiil Farms site was selected in May 1942. Negotia- tions were begun with the heirs of Mitchell Harrison for the purchase of the 720 acre site. Although Army personnel were permitted to enter the site on 12 June 1942, settlement of the property was. not effected until 7 July when the final purchase price of $127,500 was agreed upon. 143
The establishment of the East Coast Primary Monitoring Sta- tion at Vint Hill Farms led to the consolidation of two detachments of the 2d Signal Service Battalion which were previously performing the mission. The first of the 2d Signal Service Battalion units to transfer to the Warren- ton site was the Fort Hunt (Virginia) Detachment on 12 June 1942. By 16 June, the detachment had begun operations, utilizing the "Big House" as its center and pitching tents nearby as temporary quarters. On 8 July, the Fort Monmouth Detachment, 2d Signal Service Battalion was transferred from its operational site at Fort Hancock, New Jersey, to the Vint Hill Farms Station. On the same day, Vint Hill Farms Station vas designated as a military post under the control of the Chief Signal Officer. When the Army took possession of the property, the major buildings consisted of the residences, tenant housing, and a large barn with a silo. Operationally, the Vint Hill Farms Station Detachment, 2d Signal Service Battalion was designated as MS (Monitoring Station) No. 1. Throughout World War II and the years to follow, the station was always known as the “First," and in many ways merited the designation because it served as the first large field station and as a model for the design of others. For its operational contributions during the war, the 2d Signal Service Battalion and its detachments received the Meritorious Unit Commendation on 1 May 1945. In addition to its operational role, Vint Hill Farms Station became the training center for the Signal Intelligence Ser- vice (and its successor in 1943, the Signal Security Agency). On 5 October 1942, the Cryptologic Division, Eastern Signal Corps School was relocated from Fort Monmouth, New Jersey, to Vint Hill Farms Station. During the first year of the school's existence at Vint Hill Farms Station, basic train- ing was offered along with specialized operational instruc- tion. The arrival of the schoo! meant construction of school buildings and barracks. However, initially, the facili- ties could not handle the large influx of officers and enlisted men requiring training. The arrival of a WAC training contingent in October 1943 put a further strain on limited instructional resources. Both day and night classes were held until early 1944 when the number of Students entering began to decrease. In addition to the Cryptologic School, a Radio School was added to train intercept operators. Finally, on 1Q January 1944, Vint Hill Farms Station was selected as the site of the Cryp*to- logic Maintenance and Repair School. In 1944, the various 144
schools and training efforts were officially designated as Vint Hill Farms School. By May 1944, the school's enrollment had so decreased that it was temporarily shut down, reopening in September. In December 1944, the as- signed strength reached its war time zenith at Vint Hill Farms Station with 1,061 enlisted men and 168 WAC's. Because of its close proximity to the headquarters of the Signal Security Agency, which was located at Arlington Kall Station, Virginia, the installation at Warrenton served na- turally as a laboratory and testing ground for engineering and research activities of the agency. Many comparative tests of equipment and antennae were conducted under service conditions. In addition, much work was done in collabora- tion with Arlington Hall Station on the problem of mdin- tenance of equipment. This work resulted in the publication of maintenance manuals of immediate usefulness and in the collection of maintenance data. This data gave a basis for estimates of replacement factors and was therefore of great potential importance to the program of supplying a planned flow of equipment to the stations. The use of Vint Hill Farms Station as a test bed would continue even after World War II. The end of the war brought a number of organizational chan- ges. First and foremost, the Army Security Agency was organized on 15 September 1945 in place of the Signal Security Agency. Under ASA, one organization controlled all the Army's SIGINT and COMSEC resources worldwide. Headquarters, 2d Signal Service Battalion was disbanded but each of the battalion's detachments remained and com- prised the base upon which ASA built a worldwide network of field stations. Vint Hill Farms Station Detachment, 2d Signal Service Battalion was redesignated as the Ist Detachment, 2d Signal Service Battalion effective 6 June 1946. In 1946, the WAC detachment decreased in size and finally was discontinued. On 15 October 1946, Vint Hill Farms School was redesignated as the Army Security Agency School. However, the Officer Training Division soon moved from Vint Hill Farms Station to Arlington Hall Station in January 1947. During the summer months, Vint Hill Farms Station hosted ASA ROTC units undergoing training. Finally, because of a shortage of housing, classrooms, and storage space, the ASA School was transferred from Vint Hill Farms Station to Carlisle Barracks, Pennsylvania, in April 1949. This relocation, along with the transfer of the Officer Training Division and the Extension Division from Arlington Hall Station, brought all three elements of the school together for the 145° ~ ——e
first time. The stay was a brief one for the school at Carlisle Barracks. In exactly two years, it again was relocated, this time to Fort Devens, Massachusetts. On 15 May 1950, the 1st Detachment, 2d Signal Service Bat- talion was formally disbanded, and Field Station (8601) organized in its place. From V-J Day (15 August 1945) to the beginning of the Korean War in June 1950, there was a decline in assigned strength at Vint Hill Farms Station, reaching 580 in 1950. The Korean War brought about not only an increase in assigned strength but a flurry of new construction. Some of the permanent improvements included new brick living quarters, recreational facilities and a post theater. Operations moved from “The Barn" to the new Operations Building. On 1 July 1954, Vint Hill Farms Station was redesignated as a permanent DA installation. On 1 January 1957, Field Station (8601) was redesignated as the 1st U.S. Army Security Agency Field Station. Over the years, Vint Hill Farms Station served as not only the site of the field station but as host to a myriad of other ASA units. Some of these included the following: USASA Processing Cen- ter (21 January 1963 to 27 May 1971); 370th ASA Company (1 March 1967 to 27 March 1968 and 7 April 1971 to 7 July 1977); USASA Special Project Unit (10 August 1954 to 15 April 1964); USASA Materiel Support Command (15 April 1964 to 7 February 1977); USASA Operations Company, Vint Hill Farms Station (1 February 1961 to 30 June 1969); USASA Systems Activity (11 November 1974 to 30 June 1976); and USASA Signal Security Activity (31 October 1972 to 1 Janu- ary 1978). On 15 December 1967, the 1st USASA Field Station was re- designated as U.S. Army Security Agency Field Station, Vint Hill Farms Station. On 24 January 1969, the field station assumed a new processing mission which soon became the central focus of its operations. However, in 1974, as part of efforts underway within the Department of Defense to effect monetary savings, it was decided to combine the ASA processing center at Vint Hill Farms Station with that of the Air Force Security Service at Lackland Air Force Base, a few miles from San Antonio, Texas. On 3 July 1974, the transfer of the processing center (which led to the establishment of U.S. Army Field Station, San Anton- io) was complete; and operations which had begun over 32 years earlier at Vint Hill Farms Station ceased. As a result, USASA Field Station, Vint Hill Farms was redesign- ated as U.S. Army Garrison, Vint Hill Farms Station on 15 August 1974. . 146
Vint Hill Farms Station's contributicns during World War II and later as the premier station within the Army Security Agency's worldwide network are well-documented. Vint Hill Farms Station's role today is greatiy different from its days as a field station. However, to those knowledgeable of its past contributions and those who have experienced assignment at the “Farms” over the years, Vint Hill Farms Station will always be thought of as the “First.” Unit Day: 16 June. This day was selected to commemorate the first operations conducted at U.S. Army Garrison, Vint Hill Farms Station on 16 June 1942. 147