Army Regulation 381-102 Military Intelligence Intelligence ' Operational Support Activities (U) CLASSIFIED BY: ACSI, DA DECLASSIFY ON: OADR a RosiivoNed oF Headquarters ea - Department of the Army MUEERORRLE TO Washington, DC BSH SONALS 24 February 1986
SUMMAENICHAN AR 381-102 Intelligence Operational Support Activities (U) A e WARNING NOTICE NOT RELEASABLE TO Intellignece Sources FORETG? NATIONALS er Methods Invelved
Headquarters Department of the Army Washington, DC 24 February 1986 SQORET Military Intelligence *Army Regulation 381-102 Effective 24 March 1986 Intelligence Operational Support Activities (U) nnn ata Ean AEEEREneesaanemmmnat This UPDATE printing publishes a revision tha’ 1s effective 24 March 1985 Because the structure of tne entire revised text has been reorganized. no attempt has been made to highlight changes from the earher regulation dated 15 June 1979 mis feguiavon supersec:: 1979 wv eve mye 5 UST 852 (b) (1) (U) impact on New Manning System. This regulation does not contain informa- (U) Contents (uistes ny oaragraph numoer; Chapter 1 General Purpose ¢ 1-1 References * 1-2 Explanation of terms and abbrevia- tions © 1-3 Responsibilities * 1-4 Coordination requirements ¢ 1-5 Communications « 1-¢ Chapter 2 Policy and procedures Cover and cover support * 2-1} Minimum standards for cover ¢ 2-2 Criteria for cover ¢ 2-3 Cover approval authority * 2-4 Cover registration ¢ 2-§ Indoctrination of dependents * 2-6 Cover and cover support training ¢ 2-7 Seiection of cover * 2-& Cover security requirements * 2-9 von that affects the New Manning System. (U) interna! controi systems. This regu- lation 1s subject to the requirements of AR 11-2 ft contains internal control provi. sions but dees not contain checklists for conducting internal control reviews. These checklists are being developed and will be published at a later date. (U) Supplementation. Supplementation of this regulation and establishment of forms other than DA farms are prohibited without prior approval of HQDA (DA- MI-ISH), WASH DC 20310-1061. (U) interim changes. Interim changes to this regulation are not official unless they are authenticated by The Adjutant Gener- al. Users will destroy interim changes on Establishing cover * 2-10 Establishment of cover unit and assign- ment of unit identification codes (UIC) and DODACC »* 2-11 Army cover for Non-Army organiza- tions © 2-12 Cover support resources * 2-13 Cover documentation * 2-14 Constraints on use of organizations and for cover activities ¢ 2-15 Alteration of cover * 2-16 Termination of cover * 2-17 Loss of compromise of cover Grooming standards ° 2-19 Association restricuons * 2-20 Other obligations * 2-21 Classification guidance * 2-22 Casuaity reporting * 2-23 Serious Incident Reports (SIR) ¢ 2-24 Claims ¢ 2-25 e 2-18 Chapter 3 Available Cover Support 24 FEBRUARY 1986 * AR 381-102 SSeRETROPORN By Order of the Secretary of the Army: JOHN A. WICKHAM, JR General, United States Army Chief of Staff Official: MILDRED E. HEDBERG Brigadier General, United States Army The AdjutanfiGeneral their expiration dates unless sooner super- seded or rescinded. (U) Suggested improvements. The pro- ponent agency of this regulation i the Office of the Assistant Chief of Siaff for Intelligence. Users are invited to send comments and sugeested improvements on DA Form 2028 (Recommended Changes to Publications and Blank Forms) directly to HQDA (DAMI-ISH). WASH DC 20310-1061. (U) Distribution. Distribution of this issue has been made in accordance with DA Form 12-9C requirements for AR 381-102. The number of copies distributed to a given subscriber ts the number of copies requested in Block 1039 of the sub- scribers DA Form 12-9C. AR 381-102 distribution is D for Active Army. none for ARNG, and none for USAR. Section | Cover for Trave! General ¢ 3-1 Preparing and processing re- quests © 3-2 Section It Cover Support Services General © 3-3 Assistance offered * 3-4 Section III Identity Protection ° 3-5 General © 3-5 Deletion, insertion. or blocking of data in DA Systems * 3-6 Appendix A. References B. Cover Support Plan Formar Glossary
a a a a - — AS (Wi Gas yor (L) (4H) Ga vette - Chapter 1 General (U) 1~1. (U) Purpose 5 USC 552 (b) (1) (1) (U) Foreign intelligence collection. (2) (U) Counterintelligence. (3) (U) Clandestine collection oper- ations. 14) (U) Special (SOF). (5) (U) Special Access Programs (SAP) (per AR 380-381). (6) (U) Other operations as determined by ACSI, DA, or Cdr, INSCOM, as ap- propriate. Operations Forces (a) (U) Other U.S. Government intelli- gence and SOF personnel. (b) (U) Units or activities openly identi- fied as military intelligence. counterintelli- gence, and/or SOF. (c) (U) Other clandestine/covert support functions or organizations. c. (UC) This regulanion will not be inter- preted or construed to imply authority to violate. dismiss, or circumvent any laws of the United States. or any Executnve Orders € gee of the President, or any directives or regu- lations applicable to the Army in general .or -intelligence/SOF components in par- ticular. 1-2. (U) References Required and related publications are list- ed in appendix A. oa 1-3. (U) Explanation of terms and ab- breviations Abbvreviations and special terms used in this regulation are explained in the glossa- ry. Additionally, cover and cover support terms are explained in FM 30-18 and FM 30-17A. . PUso 1-4. (U) Responsibilities 92%) “an a. (U) The ACSI. DA, will— Yy will (2) (C)§ ry, aes (3) (Q (5) (C) (2) (C) (4) (C) ee PS, DA, will— 24 FEBRUARY 1986 « AR 381-102 SECRET bBOGRN c. (U) The DCSPER. DA. (1) (C) ‘ will— (1) (C) ; e. (U) The DCSLOG. DA. will— () son f. (U) The Technology Management Of- fice (TMO). OCSA, will— () (C) Se 5S2 ib) (1) eog, 99% wide a S Cc o a rd = S nr =
4) (©) (5) (C) . (b) (C) any (c) (U) An appropriate military and ci- “y(vilian career management program for in- -Shelligence, SOF, and all other individuals  puthorized support. (d) (U) Central records contro! center ren procedures for appropriate personnel and i. (U) Commander, U.S. Army Intelli- finance records. gence and Security Command (Cdr, INS- a COM), will— . (1) (U) Review and approve cover sup- — port plans for technical sufficiency and (2) (U) Provide the Cdr, INSCOM., or propriety and direct implementation of > his or her representatives, with asemiannu- INSCOM-responsible actions within those W 4) review of those data bases which access approved plans. the miliary and civihan data bases for j o nm (4) (UL) Designate a specific INSCOM element as a carrier unit to provide CSP (11) (C) support. This Cover Support Organization : (CSO) will provide advice and assistance in plan development, and will implement approved plans to include necessary secure environment contracting support required to establish the covers. (5) (U) Coordinate with supported com- mands and agencies on establishing proce- dures to support operational requirements and providing oversight to ensure compli- ance with laws of the United States, Exec- utive Orders of the President, or directives/regulations applicable to the Army in general or intellig OF com- ponents in particu ‘BUS 852 (b) (1 (3) (C) (6) (C) "GJ tal zag 9sN's (1) (a) 758 9S & 24 FESRUARY 1986 « AR 381-102
. tee ere (2) (U) Assist the Cdr, INSCOM (8) (U) Use of pseudonyms. {iASV-O), in establishing a secure means (9) (U) Indoctrination.of dependents. of handling claims described in paragraph (10) (U) Training plan for use of cover. 2-25.-  - - (11) (U) Public affairs guidance. 1) (12) (¥) A copy of an approved OPLAN. CIOC, CIOP, or SAP. 2~2. (U) Minimum standards for cover Cover used by ar authorized activity 3s listed in parsgrap’: l-la must meer the following minimus standards a. (U) Be required for mission accom. plishment b. (U) Be capable of withstanding curso- ry scrutiny by unwaniced observers ties using the servi 3 (1) (Cie - 2-3. (U) Criteria for cover a. (U) In-a@dition'to complying with the minimum standards for caver. all covers must meet the following criteria (1) (U0) Mast be reatistic (2) (U0 Must be ieeable (A) (0) Must be supportaric (4) (0 Must me camnannie srt tire missinn and operation (6) (UV) Must be cost effective. Chapter 2 & abel SL : Policy and Procedures (U) % _ Sop <“ 2-1. (U) Cover and cover support @ (on) 265. 9S § (9) (U) Must be in compliance with stat- utes and regu]; » restraints. on c: ot @ 3 1? <j (2) (U) Selected foreign counterintelli- Fa} 3% gence operations. ‘G Hi (3) (U) Selected special operations ele- in > ments, activities, and deployments. ine > Je (4) (U) Selected Special Access Pro- ' grams (5) (U) Selected elements or activities designated by the Department of the Army or the Joint_Cheefs of Staff. k. (U} The Army General Counsel will exercise intelligence oversight responsibil- iues and monstor sensitive Army intelhi- gence activities and SOF activities for legality and propnety on behalf of the Secretary of the Army (1) (U) Minimum standards for cover (2) (U) Critena for covers (3) (U) Assignment constraints (4) (U') Expected gain “objective Z ($8) (U) Reasan for plausible densa! re- ©2quirement wey vue yy (oy (U) Plans for extraction i the event ms Service to coordinate eof compronuse (7) (UC) Cover registration 1. (LU) The Judge Advocate General (TJAG) will monitor sensitive Army Intel- ligence activities for legality and propriety nm (UC) The Cdr, US) Army Claims Service. will— 552 (h) (1) Chel Assign a singic POC within the US Arnis Cla CSP matters F 94 FRERUARY 198F « AR TAS 147
(4) (a) zag 9S S " RB +) S =s st a. (U) Adult dependents of covered per- sonnel. b. (U) Other individuals whose need to know has been validated by the unit com- mander and approved by his or her next higher headquarters (06 level). 2-7. (U) Cover and cover support train- ~ USE s59 iE) (2) SESRET NORGTIN
1. 5 usc 552 (b) (iL, caeteT _usce™ ble height, weight, and physical fitness * $tandards.-%"**~ me 2-20. (U) Association restriction Tota! exemption to any facet of mandatory military training must be specif- ically approved by the unit commanders (OS and above) concerned. and the Cdr. INSCOM (IASV-O). notified. When an individual is approved for exempuon tram mandatory training. Cdr, INSCOM (IASV-O), will, as appropriate, cause a letter specifying the period of exemption to be filed in official military records :6 USE 582 (b) (1) 2-18. (U) Loss or compromise of cover b. (U) Military personnel, regardless of cover, remain subject to the Uniform Code of Military Justice. 2-22. (U) Cisssification guidance (@ USC 552 fb) (1) 2-19. (U) Grooming standards a. (U) Grooming standards (clothing and personal appearance) must be consistent with the established cover. b. (U) Variance from normal DA stand- ards is authorized in accordance with AR 670-1, to the extent necessary to perform the mission c. (U) Under no circumstances will this provision be used to justify an excessive reduction of military grooming standards oF to restifs noncomphance with applica- see “AR 381-102
Speney d. (U) Notification of next of kin will be the responsibility of the supported unit commander, or Cdr, INSCOM, based on who has the most expeditious access to the next of kin. e. (U) INSCOM will coordinate all processing of casualty reporting, and moni- tor the appointment of a survivor assist- ance officer, and administrative reports. f. (U) DA Casualty Branch will prepare Report of Casualty (DD Form 1300). The DD Form 1300 is the official certificate of death issued by HQ, Department of the Army. Per AR 600-10, the major com- mand will also prepare a letter from DA to the next of kin expressing sympathy. g. (C) a ; . § USC 552 (b) (1) (1) CG) True name/SSN of casualty. * (2) (U) Date, time, and place of incident. (3) (U) Circumstances. (4) (U) Date. time, and place of death. (S} (U) Cause of death. (6) (U) Name, grade. telephone number, and unit POC at the sile of the casualty. (7) (LC) Cover implications c (U) The CSO will facilitate and co- ordinate necessary (intial) actions pertain o% § 3SN& bh. (C) In extraordinary circumstances ing to Casualty Reporting between -, Mit PERCEN-DA and the field unit. ‘S(1.e.. mass casualties or joint service oper- vn ff ~— 24 FEBRUARY 1986 » AR 361-102 wa ations), variations to this regulation will be approved by HQDA. ' 2-25. (U) Claims Any claim arising from the operation of an official or non-official cover in favor of or against the U.S Government. or any of ts agencies or employees, civilian or military. will be setded in accordance with AR 27-20 The Cdr. INSCOM (IASV'-O:. will nonfy the Cdr. U.S. Army Claims Service of any such claims VW
al (Letterhead) (Office symbol) SUBJECT: Request for Cover Support (U) Commander, U.S. Army Intelligence and Security Command ATTN: TAOPS Arlington Hall Station, VA 22212-5000 =. ° 1. © ) Request that Cover Support Specialist from USAASD be authorized direct contact with (True (nut Idenuification). The (Show appropriate authority) has determined that the U.S. Government and the U.S. Army engaging in sensitive missions of this nature require Cover for Status. (Alternate paracrapn 1) 1. (U) Request that Cover Support Specialist from the Army Cover Support Organization be authorizec direct contact with (True Unit Identificatians. The (Show appropriate authority: has determined that while the fect that the U.S. Government engages insensitive missions of tnis nature does not require Cover for Status, the threay of retribution to personne! assigned to the activity does require your attention. a. ( ) True Mission and Objectives. b. ( ) Lecation: c. ( ) Designated Recresentative of Commanaer/Point cf Contact: d. € ) Desirea Opjective of Cover for Status/Action: (What are vou trying to protect and from wham?) 2. © ) tndicate the timeframe during which the support is required. Indicate funding available for the move into cover. Indicate intended true relationships to higher and subordinate activiiies. 3. € )Approved:..... plan, is enclosed (OPLAN), CIOP. CIOC, SAP. (Signature block of requesting officials Enclosure CF: Cdr, INSCOM ATTN: LASV-O) Fort Meade, MD 20755~5900 Note Show correct security classification on each paragraph Figure 2-1. (U} Format for requesting cover support 94 FEBRUARY 1986 ¢ AR 384-102
SaereT (Letterhead) (Office symbol) SUBJECT: my (C) ( 2Q) Cdr, USAINSCOM ATTN: TASV-0 FT Meade, MO 20755-5900 1. ©) True Identity: (Names... . , . ; (Ranki.... (SSN)... ™ (Duty assigameat).. . . 2. € ) Cover Identity: a. ( ) Cover names b. ( ) Documents tobe issued c. € ) Cover orgarizasion d.( ) Project nave 3. ¢ ) Current Active Cover Names: 4. € ) Former (Inactive Cover Names): (5 USC 532 (by (1) Nole Ciassiticalion af parag’asns wil: De in keeping with contents Figure 2-2. (C) (Letterhead! (Office swmbals 5 u a Cdr, USAINSCOM ATTN: LASV-O FT Meade, MD 20755-5900 4. ( ) Cover identification. 2. ( ) Brief description of mission or function of the cover activity. 3. €) True igentification of Army unit or element using this cover. 4. ©) Personnei associated with the cover activity using individual cover names in connection with the Cover activity. { ) List penonnel associated with the caver unit by their truce names. Uf they also use cover names in connection with the caver actiits, include these names. 5. ( ) Date the cover activity was initiated. 6. ©) Cover name affidavit. Note Classification of Paragrapns will De in keeping with contents . é Shey Figure 2-3. (C) 24 FEBRUARY 1986 « AR 381-192
g Usg.552 fa) (1) Ry 2 Udy Ws Ys Chapter 3 Available Cover Support (U) Section | Cover for Travei (U) 3-2. (U} Preparing and processing re- quests a. (C) Field elements that require milt- tary personnel to arrive in a cover Status will annotate personnel requisitions “proc- ess im accordance with chapter 381-1062" the CSO nor later than 60 days prior to the individual’ s report date. 8 USC 552 (b) (1) AR The RFO must be received by h. (U) Coordinating the procurement of nontechnical communications systems per applicable DCIDs. i. (U) Creating and inserting cover Orga- nizational TOAs/TOEs in automated a 4 ; Army accountability systems, such as Section { TAADS. Cover Support Services (U) SS Section II! mal Identity Protection (U) Mec a. (U) Prior to assignment to the com- ® oimand. The MACOM must annotate per- sonnel requisitions with the caveat. ‘process in accordance with chapter 3. AR 38)-102.” On receipt of a caveated requiss- “don. MILPERCEN will coordinate fur- ther ' Processing with Car, INSCOM. Slabhshing and maintaining es- crow accounts or other special accounts, when required e USC £52 (b) (1) e be
ry Appendix A References (U) Section | Required Publications (U) AR 340-21 (L) The Army Privacy Program AR 386-5 (U) Information Security AR 380-13 (0) Acquisition and Storage of Information Concerning Nonaffilated Persons and Or- granzations AR 380-381 (S) Special Access Programs and “Carve-Out” Contracts (U) AR 381-10 (LU) U.S. Army Intelligence Activites AR 381-25 (LU) Safeguurding Information Certain HUMINT Acts AR 381-141 iC: Provisions for Adiminisirauian, Superyi sion. Control. and Use of Intelligence Con- tingency Funds (UL) Pertaming to tes AR 614-115 (C) Miltary Intell:gence Excepted Career Pro- gram (GREAT SKILL itty AR 670-1 (lL) Wear and Appearance of Army Uniforms and Jnsigma AR 690-950-19-1 (C) Miliary Intelligence Crivihan Career Program (MICECP)(U' Excepted DIAM 58-11 ¢S) Defense Human Resources Intelligence Coliection Management Manual (L) DIAR 58-12 (S) HUMINT Operational Coordination (UL) DCID §/1 (S) Section il Related Publications (U) A related publication is merely a source of additional information. The user does not have to read ut to understand the regulation AR 27-10 Miluary Justice AR 37-64 (C) Finance and Accounting for Special Mis- sions Funds (U) . AR 381-47 (S) U.S. Army Offensive Counterintelligence Operations (UL) AR 381-143 (C) Logistic Policy and Procedures (U) AR 600-10 (U1 The Army Casualty System (U3 AR 700-84 (U3 Issue and Sale of Personal Clothing (L) AR 735-5 (U) Basic Policies and Procedures for Property Accountability Federal Acquisition Regu- lations (LU) DA and DOD Supplements thereto FM 30-174 (C) Countenintelligence (v) FM 30-18 (S) Intelligence Collection Operations (Ll) DOD Regulation §240.1-R (UL) Procedures Governing the Activities of DOD intelligence Components that Affect United States Persons JCS Pub. } DOD Dictionary of Military and Associat- ed Terms Special Operations FEBRUARY 1996 * AR 381-102 ee
Appendix B Cover Support Pian Formats (U) 16 STEHT LMAEERN
(Activity Unie Letterhead) Cover Plan ( ) SUBJECT: (Identification of operations ( 3 Date: References: (Cite operational plans Project No: 1. ( J MISSION: a. ( ) Reguirements. Identify the true designatianof che unit. Explain command, administrative, and operational relationships with other true organizations. Summarize the mission as delineated in the Operations Pian (or similar planning document) upon which the Cover Plan will be based. Give the geographic lez-tion and provide geographic coordinates for Lesser known foreign areas. Og ery b. © ) Obecte. Summarize the cover plan's objective and state what is to be accomplished. Specifically, why overt status 1S unacceDpiadie; why covers for action alone would net suffice; what is tobe protected, and fromwnom or what {i.e., atéitiation with the U.S. Government, protection ot ime U.S. Army from the media, from HOIS, host coun*ry, anc unwitting U.S. personnel, etc.). c. € 2 Bae cfupersiions. Incicate tne pase(s) ofits dé uses. Inciuge deseriptiye™ co .acadle, any orner 2 trtertigence activities at the tase locale. e r ratiores anc tricacountries inwnhicn the covet wile rivitces using cover if known, and any over: erersc Covers for 4cccontnat are envisioned. (Generally, Covers gd. 6) Cover denn. DESIST TSE Tne ger r for Status, necess' tating the use of additional cover names anc ction are not associated witr Cov stories.) 9 e 2. € ) COVER FOR STATUS LEGEND: a. ( ) Include name of desired cover organizationang desired parent MACOM, agency, or firm inorce to provide backstopping, if required. State whetner officzai or nonofticia! cover for status will be necessery. b. © ) Proviace cover mission statement anc cover story to be used jin the locat environment for the unit, and for individuals assigned. When conceiving individual cover for status, consideration shouic be qiven toprevious assignments, schooling, etc., and should include provisions for adult dependents. c. € ) Describe personnel to be employed in the cover unit to include number, positions versus requirements, TDA/TOE, and include cover specialties/grades. ¢ d. € ) Indicate the date or timeframe that the cover unit should be operational and state reason Indicate if the operation should be phased in, and explain. State how long the cover may be requirec exist and provioe a deactivation plan. en rer e. ( ) Plan for the possibility of cover unit compromise. Also provide action to be taken in the event that one or more covered personnel are compromised. 3. ¢ ) COVER SUPPORT: 2. ( ) Descripe the necessary level of backstopging far unit. (1) € ) Officias Cover: UIC, DODAAC, etc. “ss (2) € ) Non-Official Cover: IRS Number, etc. tb. ( ) Descriptionof items requirec for cover, to include commercial bank accounts, venicieé registration, call forwarding, post office boxes, letternead stationery, etc. Uy ’ c. © ) Describe cocumentaticon require.cents for personnel, 1.€., -ivers' Licenses, crea:t care $Ci%a. Security numbers, &tc. ro Show correct secutty Ciassihcanon for ear” Garagacr ang ube Figure B-1. (U) Cover Pian Format 24 SEBRUARY 1946 * AR 381-522 SECRET
eaortt d. ( ) Indicate how funding for the cover unit will be handled. Explain if assistance will be needed to provide special fiscal stations, financial accounts or fund transfers. 4. ( ) AOMINISTRATIVE: a. © ) Explain how the movement of personnel will be handled in and out of the cover organization. This should include assignment/departure and on local travel. b. © ) Indicate if assistance will be necessary to identify quatified personnel for organization, and, if so, provide specifics. c. ( ) Describe any soecial training/ovientation that will be needed for covered personne.. d. ( ) Indicate how the cover wili be funded; if not ICF, attach copy of existing authorization. e. ( ) Describe how secure communications, technical or nontechnical, will be etfected with higher headcuarters. {. € ) Indicate how efficiency reports on covered personnet will be handled and if they are to pe clessified. g. € ) Explain if the use of Administrative Cover Names will be needed on true reporting documents. < 5. © ) COORDINATION/LIAISON: Generaily, all coordination associated with the development, mainte- nance, and disestaslishment of Covers for Status will be accomplished by the Cdr, INSCOM CLASV-G). This incluaes the acgu:sition ct cover socumentation, both national and local ievei, and the Liaison required for estar: isning specific Levels of backstopping. Encicsares Figure B-1. (U) Cover pian format—Continued
Glossary (U) Section | Abbreviations (U) (U) ACSI Assistant Chief of Staff for Intelligence (U) CIA Central Intelligence Agency (Uy CIOC Counter:ntelligence Operational Concept (U) CIOP Clandestine Intelligence Operations Pro- posal (LC) COA Comptroller of the Army (U1 CONUS Continenial United States m1 CSO Cover Support Organizsuon tlacse Cover Support Program (oi DA Department of the Arms (LC) DCID Director of Centrai Inteiiigence Directves (Cs DOD Departmen: of Defense (LC) DODACC De -artment of Defense Activity Address Code (LC) DIAM Defense Intelligence Agency Manual (U) DIAR Defense Intelligence Agency Regulation (U) DPAE Director. Program Anulysis and Evalua- uion (UC) HUMINT Human Intelligence (UL) ICF Intelligence Contingency Funds (LU) INSCOM US Army Intelligence and Security Com- mand (UC) MACOM Major Army Command (UC) MILPERCEN U.S. Army Milnary Personnel Center (Uo MOS Miltary Occupational Specialrys (UP OADR Onginatung Agency's Determinanion Re- quired (CL) OCONUS Outwide the Continental United States (U) OFCO Offensive Counterintelligence Operations (UL) O& MA Operations and Maintenance, Army (U) OPSEC Operations Security (U) SAP Special Access Program (U) SOF Special Operations Forces (UL) SPECAT Special Category (LC) SSAN Social Securny Account Number (L) SSO Special Security Office (Cy CIC Unit Idenufication Code Section !I Terms (VU) (U) Clandestine operation An activity to accomplish intelligence. counterintelligence, and other similar ac- uvities sponsored or canducted by govern- mental departments or agencies. in such a Way aS {0 assure secrecy or concealment. (It differs from covert operations in that emphasis is placed on concealment of the Operation rather than on concealment of the identity of the sponsorh (ICS Pub 1) 6 USC 552 1b) (1) (U) Cover Those measures to give protection to infor- mation, a person, plan, operation, or instal- lation from the enemy intelligence effort and leakage of information. (1) (C) (U) Covert operations Operations that are so planned and eaecut- ed as to conceal the identity of o7 permit plausible denial by the sponsor. They differ from clandestine operations in ilat the em phasis ts placed on concealment of the identity of the sponsar rather than concedl- ment of the operation (JCS Pub 1)
GB USL WE Ps AIL & §52 (us Veo (U) Low visibility operations Sensitive operations wherein the political/ military restrictions inherent in covert and clandestine operations are either not neces- sary or not feasible; actions are taken as required to limit exposure of those in- volved or their activities or both Execu- tion of these operations is undertaken with the knowledge that the action or sponsor- ship of the operation may preclude plausi- ble denial by the initiating power. (U) Operations security The process of denying adversanes infor- mation about friendly capabilitzes and in- tentions by identifying. controlling. and protecting indicators associated with plan- ning and conducting military operauons and other activities. Also called OPSEC. 5 use 592 8) 1) (U) Special activities a. Activities conducted in support of national foreign policy objectives abroad 26 FEBRUARY 1986 ° AR 381-102 ee eae SAT. sc 552) (1) which are planned and executed so that the role of the U.S. Government is not appar- ~ent or acknowledged publicly. b. Functions in support of the activities described in a. above but which are not intended to include U.S. political process- es, public opinion, or media. and dc not include diplomatic activities or the collec- tion and production of intelligence or relat- ed support functions. (U) Special operations Operations conducted by specially trained. equipped. and organized DOD forces against strategic or tactical targets in pur- suit of national military, political, econom- ic, or psychological objectives. These operations may be conducted during peri- ods of peace or hostilities. They may sup- port conventional operations, or thes may be prosecuted independently when the use of conventional forces 1s either inappropr: ate or infeasible (JCS Pub. |) cen fe SUS wis (U) U.S. person A citizen of the United States, an alien lawfully admitted for permanent residence in the United States: an unincorporated association substantially composed of LS citizens or permanent resident aliens. or 2 corporation incorporated in the United States, except for a corporation directec and controlled by a foreign government or governments. Greater detail may be ac- quired in AR 381-10. appendix A, para 27.