a US. Army intelligence and Security Command SPECIAL HISTORICAL SERIES 1985 INSCOM AND ITS HERITAGE “An Organizational History of the Command and Its Units”
INSCOM AND ITS HERITAGE "An Organizational History of the Command and Its Units"
PREFACE "INSCOM and Its Heritage" is the first in a series of documents designed to acquaint the individual military intelligence spe- cialist with a greater understanding of the development of his or her profession. The series also includes the “History of Military Intelligence” poster set, which consists of 24 black and white posters depicting significant and representative scenes of persennel and functions associated with military intelligence from World War I through Vietnam. Military Intelligence: A Picture History is the third document in the series and 1s a picture history containing approximately 250 photographs along with a narrative text. A one-time distribution of the book has been made to INSCOM units; units and individuals desiring additional copies are able to purchase them from the Government Printing Office. Two other projects remain to be accomplished before this series is com- plete. One is a more definitive history of the development of intelligence functions and organizations. The other is an audiovisual history of military intelligence. Dissemina- tion of the last two products will be limited to Department of the Army and Department of Defense audiences. This monograph could not have been possible without the ef- forts over the years of many unit historians who prepared annual reports and maintained organizational history files. In a very real sense, “INSCON and Its Heritage” is a direct fruit of their labors. In the publication of this 1985 updated version of "I'uSCOM and Its Heritage," the INSCOM History Office continues to be in- debted to the U.S. Army Cryptologic Records Center; the U.S. Army Military History Institute, and The Institute of Herald- ry, U.S. Army for making avaitab!e records and providing re- search assistance which allowed the original document to be compited in 1983. Ms. Romana M. Danysh of the U.S. Army Cen- ter of Military History provided invaluable assistance regard- ing military intelligence units’ lineage and honors. Finally, the INSCOM Administrative/Audiovisual Support Activity fur- nished administrative support enabling this history to be prepared on a timely basis. The INSCOM History Office staff consists of Ms. Diane L. Hamn, Writer/Editor, and Dr. John P, Finnegan, Historian. James L. Gilbert Command Historian
Table of Contents Preface ccccvcesseansevvenecsnevereoesessesssessereese® The Military Intelligence Branch wenvesceeeseceerevoees INSCOM and the AMY wccveceecccceeecersssesssceeseservess U.S. Army Intelligence and Security Command Milestones. U.S. Army Intelligence and Security Command weccccees U.S. Army Security AGENCY. ccorcceersesceceeessscecere U.S. Army Intelligence AgenCcyerececcceceesecsssecoses COMMANGELS cacecevesesecssssessesveserseereveereconreesrr? The Military Intelligence Sphinx..ccccsessecsevevessces INSCOM Units: 66th Their History and Heraldry..ecescsesescs MI GPOUP. eevccsecesesesecsecsessseseresesseoseeese 476th MI GFOUP. cca cvesvanesesseveceeesesesecervesenes 500th NI GFOUPs eo cresecsevereeeseserosssesesessoceses Hq & Hq Co, 50st MI GrOUPecccovecssscceessssesessece Hq & Hq Co, 513th MI GROUP s cecvevccoassesenesssersees 902d MI GPOUPewcecvcccesansesenenesnseseoesaersessveses & 3d MI BattaliOneccvcvncsvvcccccsscesessssessersereene Co A, Co B, 3d MI BattaliOnscccocccccerecrvseseesassessscses 3d MI Bat taliOn. ccccvccncnsesesesnressesesrese 18th MI Rattal i one ccccccnnsccssvnseaseeseeneeseeerres Hq & Hq Co, 201st MI Battalions. ccasseveveeceescevecs Hq & Hq Co, 202d MI Battalion. .cccccvecncevvessvsseen Hq & Hq CO, 203d MI BattaliOn.cscecsreenceccecerscces Hq & Hq CO, 502d ASA BattaliOn..scecssecceesssorseces 524th MI Bat taliOneccccvecssrccenenseseeveeveseseeses 527th MI Battal On scscccvvcnnnvvecessseesesssreseese Army Army Army Army Army Army Army Army Army Army Field Field Field Field Field Field Field Field Field Field Station Station Station Station Station Station Station Station Station Station AUGSDUPG a ccereeescccesvevecce Berlinecaccvcvesvcsesessesere Key WeStaccecsccrcvcesesvencs KOPCdccccavsccsesvensesveneenn KUN ac ccaacvceeeeseevessvveve MiSAWAcanccccccsesvaesereecere OKINAWA cee ress veceveeesvoeseves PanaMaccecoccccsscsesesvesccens San AntonidOceccencsecereveses SNOOP cescccveccsevecssvesees Page iii 15 16 17 18 19 22 25 29 39 44 48 52 55 58 64 67 70 74 77 79 81 83 87 89 92 95 98 101 103 105 107 111 114 116
U. Army Army Army Army Army Army Army Army INSCOM CONUS MI GrOuPwcccsvccsvsscevencsevers Cryptologic Support Group..r.ccccccscecesrvoce Special Security GrouPp.ccrrcccscccccescceves INSCOM Intelligence Center, Pacific. .cceves Russian INStitutE.cccccesscccvccecvsscscesecesce Central Security Facility. .ccccccesvccvcece Garrison, Arlington Hall Station..ccsscesee Garrison, Vint Hill Farms Station.sececeses Page 120 122 123 127 129 132 127 143
THE MILITARY INTELLIGENCE BRANCH The Army Intelligence and Security Branch, predecessor of today's Military Intelligence Branch, was created on 1 July 1962. The formation of the branch came as the culmination of a 45-year effort to give adequate recognition to the need for a body of professional intelligence officers within the U.S. Army. Although the U.S. Army had instituted a military attache sys- tem and a "Military Information Bureau” within the Adjutant General's Office as far back as the 1880's, the hristory of Army intelligence for all practical purposes can be said to have begun in 1917, when United States entry into World War I prompted the creation of a Military Intelligence Section of the War Department Generali Staff. To meet the requirements of the Military Intelligence Section {later division) and the tactical elements of the Army, hundreds of qualified civilians were recruited and awarded reserve commissions. Since no Military Intelligence Branch was yet in existence, the first intelligence officers were commissioned in the Adjutant General's Corps. Later intelligence specialists received commissions in any branch which could afford to yield up a quota for intelligence purposes, such as the Signal Corps. The end of World War I and demobilization left the United States with a large pool of intelligence-trained officers who held commissions in branches unrelated to intelligence work. AS a result of the general postwar Army reorganiza- tion, the Military Intelligence Officers Reserve Corps was established in the Organized Reserve on 2 April 1921. This Organization was set up as a holding mechanism to keep in- telligence specialists on tap in the event of a_ general mobilization. Within the Regular Army, however, all intelli- gence slots were filled by detail. It was felt that intelli- gence work was a function of command, and that any Regular Army officer should be capable of performing it. The Military Intelligence Officers Reserve Corps proved its value to the nation in World War II when hundreds of reserve intelligence officers answered tiie call. However, during the course of World War II, officers serving both in general intelligence and signals intelligence positions continued to be commissioned in basic branches divorced from their reai duties. Many of these officers remained in the Army af- ter after World War II, giving the necessary continuity to Specialized intelligence disciplines such as counterintelli- gence and signals intelligence.
As a result of the World War II experience, there was an increasing demand within Army intelligence circles for the creation of a Military Intelligence Branch within the Regu- lar Army. The existence of intelligence units, it was ar- gued, created the need fcr a Military Intetligence Branch just as the existence of ordnance units required an Ordnance Corps. This line of argument was vigorously resisted, how- ever, by traditionalists who continued to insist that all Regular Army officers must be generalists capable of perform- ing intelligence work when required. Opposition to a Mili- tary Intelligence Branch proved to be too strong, and all in- telligence positions continued to be filled by detail. Even the intelligence crisis presented by the onset of the Korean War did not aiter this arrangement. However, = an Army Security Branch and a new Military Intelligence Branch were created in the Army Reserve in 1952. Only reserve per- sonnel not on active duty could be assigned to these branch- es, so their creation did not meet the needs of the Active Army, but only provided once more for a reservoir of trained personnel for future mobilization. The Military Intelligence Branch was redesignated in 1958 as the Army Intelligence Branch. Army Security Army Intelligence Branch Insignia Branch Insignia By 1962, Army intelligence was confronted by a critical per- sonnel situation. The Army was still relying on reserve officers left over from World War II and Korea to fill its intelligence positions. This was a depleting asset. Many reserve intelligence officers faced mandatory retirement up- on completion of twenty years of service, and others were being enticed from the intelligence field by the prospect of obtaining Regular Army commissions in basic branches. The Assistant Chief of Staff for Intelligence calculated that un-
less something was done, half of all Army intelligence slots would be without qualified occupants by 1965. The only method of ensuring the continuous availability of an adequate number of trained intelligence officers was the creation of a new branch. , As a result, the Army set up the Army Intelligence and Se- curity Branch on 1 July 1962. This was the first new basic branch sinze the Transportation Corps and the Military Po- lice Corps had been established in 1950. The new branch, which embraced both regular and reserve officers, consisted of about five percent of the officer strength of the Active Army. For the first time, the Army command had accepted the need for a permanent cadre of professional intelligence officers within the Regular Army. However, the Army Intelligence and Security Branch was not a total solution. The branch was classified as performing combat service support functions, a category which carried little prestige within the Army. Only four percent of the officers initially assigned to the new branch came _ from the Regular Army. Many of the reserve officers included in the Army Intelligence and Security Branch lacked higher education or eligibility for advanced career development through the Army school system. As its name suggested, the branch was internally divided. It was the only branch of the Army without its own basic school. From the very begin- ning, officers assigned to the Army Security Agency attended different schools and pursued different career paths than their colleagues in other intelligence disciplines. The recognized weaknesses of the Army Intelligence and Se- curity Branch led to reappraisals, the most important of which was the study conducted by the Norris Board in 1967. As a result, the branch was redesignated on 1 July 1967 as the Military Intelligence Branch and given a _ full-fledged combat support role that enhanced its capacity to attract the best Regular Army officers. The Military Intelligence Branch continues to be a leader in the development of a professional Army intelligence service capabie of respond- ing to the needs of the Total Army and the nation. Branch Day: 1 July. The Military Intelligence Branch cele- brates 1 July 1962 as its anniversary date.
Military Intelligence Branch Insignia SYMBOLISM: The insignia was originally approved in 1962. The sun, composed of four straight and four wavy alternating rays, is the symbol of Helios who, as God of the sun, could see and hear everything. The four straight rays of the sun symbol also allude to the four points of the compass and the worldwide mission of the Military Intelligence Branch. The placement of the sun symbol beneath the rose (an ancient symbol of secrecy) refers to the operations and activities of the branch being conducted under circumstances forbidding disclosure. The partially concealed unsheathed dagger alludes to the aggressive and protective requirements and the element of physi- cal danger inherent in the mission. The color gold signifies successful accomplishment and the dark blue signifies vigilance and loyalty.
INSCOM AND THE ARMY The United States Army Intelligence and Security Command (INSCOM) was organized on 1 January 1977 as a result of the Army's Intelligence Organization and Stationing Study (10SS), an in-depth look at Army intelligence requirements initiated in 1975. The new command is the Army's chosen instrument to conduct multidiscipline intelligence and se- curity operations at the echelon above corps (EAC) level. As the Army's sword and shield in the intelligence arena, INSCOM is responsible for conducting a portion of the Army's SIGINT activities and meeting Army-wide requirements in the fields of IMINT, HUMINT, EW, OPSEC, and counterintelligence. In order to carry out its mission, the command has at its disposal a variety of intelligence assets worldwide. These include field stations, single discipline intelligence groups, multidiscipline intelligence groups and their subordinate units, and a number of other specialized elements. As one of the Army's major commands, INSCOM is subordinated directly to the Army Chief of Staff. The command functions under the staff supervision of the Army's Assistant Chief of Staff for Intelligence (ACSI), who has the responsibility of advising the Chief of Staff on intelligence and security matters. The command also accepts taskings levied by nation- al-level agencies in the intelligence community. Unlike other Army MACOH's whose peacetime function is limited to training and readiness, INSCOM is fully operational 24 hours a day and seven days a week. INSCOM is the Army's principal asset in an intelligence war that never stops. Despite the importance of INSCOM's role within Army intel- ligence, it is not the only player. Not all military in- teliigence personnel are assigned to INSCOM. Intelligence work in the Army is the specialty of more than one organiza- tion. All levels of Army command from battalion on up have their own intelligence staffs. Army divisions and corps receive direct intelligence and security support from their Own combat electronic warfare and intelligence (CEWI) units. Intelligence production is carried out by the recently formed U.S. Army Intelligence Agency and the Armed Forces Medical Intelligence Center, an agency of The Surgeon General of the Army operating under a newly acquired joint charter. Intelligence training is conducted by the Army's Training and Doctrine Command (TRADOC) at the U.S. Army Intelligence Center and School at Fort Huachuca, Arizona; at the U.S. Army Intelligence School at Fort Devens, Massachusetts; and at other locations.
Aithough INSCOM is a relativeity new arrival on the Army scene, the command has a rich heritage. To understand the roots of the command, it is necessary to go back in time and examine the history of the three main elements which were originally combined to form INSCOM in 1977: the U.S. Army Security Agency (USASA); the U.S. Army Intelligence Agency (USAINTA); and a number of different intelligence production agencies, most of which had been under ACSI'‘s direct contral. USASA and Its Predecessors USASA Distinctive Unit Insignia and Shoulder Sleeve Insignia USASA, the Army agency formerly responsible for all Army SIGINT and COMSEC, traced its origins to World War I and the Cipher Bureau of the Military Intelligence Section, War Department General Staff. At the outbreak of World War 1, the Army had no effective organization for intel- ligence at all, apart from a system of military attaches. A gifted Regular Army officer, MAJ Ralph Van Deman, quickly set up the Military Intelligence Section within the Army's General Staff. Recognizing that his organization needed ex- pertise in both cryptanalysis and code compilation, Van BDeman engaged the services of a young code clerk in the State Department, Herbert 0. Yardley. Yardley was hastily commissioned and became the first chief of the Cipher Bureau. By the time the war ended, the Cipher Bureau had been re- designated as MI-8, a mumbered section of what had become the Military Inte’ ligence Division, MI-8 had shown itself to be so useful that it was able to survive Army demobilization. Although the responsibility for Army code and cipher compilation was transferred to the Signal Corps in 1920, Mi-8 continued on as a covert crypt- analytic agency jointly funded by the War and State Depart- ments. Under Yardley's expert guidance, MI-8 scored a num- ber of significant triumphs in the 1920's, especially in
managing to break the Japanese diplomatic code in time to strengthen the United States' negotiating position at the Washington Peace Conference. M1-8 was finally discontinued in 1929 because of two inter- acting factors. The Army had come to the conclusion that Yardley's small operation, with its aging civilian staff, was not well suited to meeting the War Department's future needs, especially in training another generation of Army cryptanalysts. At the same time, a new Secretary of State, Henry L. Stimson, decided that cryptanalysis of foreign diplomatic communications was unethical. As a result of all this, State Department support of MI-8 was terminated, and Army cryptanalytic functions entrusted to the new Signal Intelligence Service controlled by the Signal Corps rather than by the Military Intelligence Division. Yardley was offered a position with the new organization, but the Civil Service pay scale could not match his previous income, and he refused. Instead, he went on to write a sensational expose’ of MI-8's operations entitled The American Black Cham- ber, much to the embarassment of U.S. officials. The Signal Intelligence Service which supplanted MI-8 had the rare good fortune to be headed by a cryptologic genius, William F. Friedman. Friedman had received his initial cryptologic training at the privately-funded Riverbank Labor- atories before World War I and had gone on to serve as a cryptologic officer with the American Expeditionary Force in France before accepting civilian employment as a code- compiler for the Signal Corps at the end of the war. Fried- man was perfectly qualified for his job. By the time the United States entered World War II, Friedman and his small organization had not only devised new electromechanical cipher machines of unparalleled security for U.S. communications, but had succeeded in breaking the PURPLE cipher system that carried the most secret Japanese diplomatic messages. American involvement in World War II caused an enormous ex- pansion of U.S. SIGINT and COMSEC operations. The SIS grew in size; moved from its cramped quarters in the Munitions Build- ing to Arlington Hall in what was then the Virginia countryside; and was repeatedly redesignated, finally becoming the Signal Security Agency (SSA) in 1943. Operational control over the SSA was reassigned to the Military Intelligence Division in 1944, By the end of the war, the SSA controlied a worldwide network of intercept stations through its 2d Signal Service Battalion, and Arlington Hall's success at breaking the main Japanese military and diplomatic systems was furnishing the Army with an unparalleled stream of invaluable intelligence.
On 15 September 1945, tne Army set up the Army Security Agency to conduct all Army SIGINT ard COMSEC operations under the command of the Director of Military Intelligence. The new agency had a sweeping charter. During World War II, the SSA had directed only a part of the Army SIGINT effort. Theater and army commanders retained control over their own tactical radio intelligence efforts. ASA, in contrast, exercised control over all U.S. SIGINT and COMSEC, operating through a verticalized command structure. ASA was a Separate special- ized entity within the rest of the Army, with complete con- trol over personnel, training, research, development, and procurement as well as over operations. Although it surren- dered certain operational functions to the new Armed Forces Security Agency (AFSA) in 1949, ASA expanded its mission once again in 1955, acquiring direction of the Army's elec- tronic warfare (EW) program. Since its functions no longer were exclusively those of intelligence and security, ASA was withdrawn from G-2 control and resubordinated to the Army Chief of Staff, first as a field operating agency, and then in 1964 as a major command. On 1 January 1977, Head- quarters, U.S. Army Security Agency was redesignated as Head- quarters, U.S. Army Intelligence and Security Command. USAINTA and Its Predecessors USAINTA Distinctive Unit Insignia and Shoulder Sleeve Insignia The second major antecedent of INSCOM was the U.S. Army Intel- ligence Agency (USAINTA), which performed Army counterintel- ligence functions in CONUS along with certain HUMINT mis- sions. USAINTA's roots also went back to World War I. In the summer of 1917, BG Dennis Nolan, the G-2 of Pershing's American Expeditionary Force (AEF), requested the services of 50 trained investigators fluent in foreign languages. The men would serve with the “rank, pay, and allowances" of sergeants of infantry, and would be used to combat espionage, Sabotage, and subversion directed against U.S. forces over- seas. In response, the Army authorized the creation of the
Corps of Intelligence Police (CIP). Hundreds of CIP agents were ultimately assigned to the AEF, and additional CIP men were used by the Military Intelligence Division to conduct counterintelligence investigations in CONUS. The CIP continued in existence after Armistice Day, although it was cut back to a skeleton force. World War II created a new demand for counterintelligence support for the Army. Widespread fears of an Axis "Fifth Column" operating in the United States led to a steady expansion of tre CIP. For the first time, officers were brought in as special agents. A training school was established, and the corps acquired its own chief to supervise the recruitment, instruction, and ad- ministration of Army counterintelligence personnel. Soon after Pearl Harbor, the CIP was given the more appropriate designation of the Army Counter Intelligence Corps (CIC). At first, CIC personnel functioned as plainclothes investi- gators on the home front, working under the direction of the G-2's of the various Army service commands. However, the CIC was soon given an additional role overseas, where its members operated in uniform in support of tactical formations. By the end of 1943, some 5,000 members of CIC were serving at home and abroad. Unfortunately, the CIC was not popular in all quarters. A number of ranking Army officers questioned the validity of a counterintelligence function within tne military, and the CIC's activities seem to have displeased certain influential government leaders. As a result, the CIC was broken up. CIC agents continued to serve with troop units, but most CIC per- sonnel in CONUS were merged with the criminal investigators of the Provost Marshal General's Office to form a new consol- idated Security Intelligence Corps. The CIC training facili- ty was shut down, and the position of Chief, CIC was abolish- ed. Despite this setback, the CIC was able to compile a signi- ficant record during World War II. CIC agents guarded the security of the Manhattan Project and parachuted into Normandy on D-Day with the first waves of airborne troops. Even before World War II had come to a close, it had become clear that the Army's decision to do away with the CIC in CONUS had been a mistake. CIC personnel overseas no longer had a rotation base, and there was no way to train the large numbers of counterintelligence personnel that would inevitably be needed for occupation duty. As a result, the Office of Chief, CIC and the CIC School were reestablished as part of the Army Service Forces, and the short-lived Security Intel- ligence Corps phased out.
The general Army reorganization of 1946 restored CIC to the control of the Director of intelligence. The CIC Center and School, initially established at Fort George G. Meade, soon moved to Fort Holabird, Maryland, a small and congested post located in an industrial suburb of Baltimore. For many years, Fort Holabird would remain the traditional home cf the CIC, and additional Army intelligence activities would come to be collocated on post. In 1955, Army combat intel- Tigence training was relocated to the school at Fort Hoia- bird which was redesignated as the Army Intelligence School. At the same time, the school began offering training in a new intelligence discipline, field operations intelligence (FOI), and the Chief, CIC assumed administrative control over FOI personnel. In 1961, CIC and FOI personnel were merged into a single Intelligence Corps (INTC). The series of Army reorganizations brought about in the 1960's by Secretary of Defense Robert S. MacNamara substantially affected the organization of the new Intelligence Corps. In 1962, as part of an effort to make the Army more efficient, MacNamara imposed a system of major functional commands upon the Army. Almost all Army training activities were placed under a new Continental Army Command, and most Army posts subordinated to the commanders of the CONUS armies. This had the effect of placing the Chief, INTC under multiple command structures because of his additional responsibilities as com- mandant of the U.S. Army Intelligence School and post comman- der of Fort Holabird. In 1964, a study of U.S. Army counterin- telligence capabilities entitled Project SECURITY SHIELD con- cluded that the existing decentralized arrangements, in which CONUS investigations were handled by the various armies and the Military District of Washington, was inefficient and lacked cost-effectiveness. SECURITY SHIELD recommended a complete overhaul of Army counterintelligence and investiga- tory arrangements. The combined impact of these two initiatives transformed the existing structure of Army counterintelligence. There were three major reorganizations within the space of three years. The end of this process was marked by the creation of the U.S. Army Intelligence Command (USAINTC) on 1 July 1965 and the subsequent discontinuance of the Army Intelligence Corps. In effect, the structure of Army counterintelligence was turned inside out. The commander of USAINTC found himself at the head of a new major Army command (MACOM) that was tasked with performing all counterintelligence investigations in CONUS. For the first time in the institutional history of Army intel- ligence, the head of Army counterintelligence assumed operat- ing functions. At the same time, he was divested of his previous responsibilities for recruitment, training, and per- sonnel administration.
From USAINTC to USAINTA USAINTC Distinctive Unit Insignia and Shoulder Sleeve Insignia USAINTC expanded the scope of its activities in 1969, when the Chief of Staff directed OACSI to reduce its operational role. As a result, USAINTC took over control of certain OACSI field operating agencies, including a HUMINT detach- ment, a specialized counterintelligence group, the Army's imagery interpretation center, and other elements. For a time, under this new arrangement, USAINTC served as the di- recting center for much of the Army‘s intelligence activities, except for SIGINT, a function that remained under the juris- diction of ASA. The creation in 1971 of a centralized Defense Investigative Service (DIS), accompanied by a shift in public sentiment towards intelligence activities in general, brought an end to USAINTC. DIS gradually assumed the function of conduct- ing personnel background investigations in CONUS, a role which had been USAINTC'sS bread-and-butter. At the same time, the Army temporarily abandoned the conduct of certain Other intelligence functions. The steady diminution of the functions and assets of USAINTC made maintenance of MACOM status increasingly hard to sustain. As a final ironic touch, the command even lost its traditional home at Fort Holabird. Relocation of the U.S. Army Intelligence School to Fort Huachuca had made the Baltimore base redundant to Army needs, and the command was relocated to Fort Meade, Maryland, in 1973. USAINTC was formally discontinued on 30 June 1974. The U.S. Army Intelligence Agency (USAINTA), a field operating activity of ACSI, was created in its place the next day. USAINTA con- 1 +
tinued to conduct Army counterintelligence operations in CONUS, but it did not inherit ail of its predecessor's assets since a number of the elements which had gone to USAINTC in 1969 were resubordinated and placed under ACSI. Headquarters, USAINTA was assigned to INSCOM on 1 January 1977 and redesignated as Headquarters, U.S. Army INSCOM, Fort Meade on 1 October 1977, The date of the merger was selected by INSCOM for its Unit Day. The completion of the integration of the assets within the headquarters was marked by the formal discontinuance of Headquarters, U.S. Army INSCOM, Fort Meade on 30 November 1978, Intelligence Production The third of the major building blocks initially used to form INSCOM consisted of a group of field operating agencies engaged in intelligence production. These included the U.S. Army Intelligence Threat Analysis Detachment, U.S. Army Imagery Interpretation Center, U.S. Army Special Research Detachment, U.S. Army Intelligence Support Detachment, and U.S. Army Intel- ligence Operations Support Detachment--all from ACSI; and the U.S. Army Forces Command Intelligence Center from the U.S. Army Forces Command (FORSCOM). Assigned to INSCOM on 1 January 1977, these elements were formed into INSCOM's production element, the U.S. Army Intelligence and Threat Analysis Center (ITAC), in 1978. Subsequently, INSCOM took over the function of disseminating special compartmented intelligence throughout the Army when it was given command of the U.S. Army Special Security Group in 1980, The formation of INSCOM put an end to the fragmentation of Army intelligence assets under the separate control of ACSI, USAINTA, and USASA. By centralizing control of all Army intelligence and security activities conducted at the EAC level, the Army sought to achieve its intelligence goals with maximum economy and efficiency. The establishment of INSCOM promoted the integration of the the various intelli- gence disciplines within the Army and provided the Army with a viable intelligence structure for the immediate future. The Intelligence Organization and Stationing Study which led to the establishment of INSCOM in 1977 had recommended that alt Army intelligence production agencies be consolidated ‘into a single entity. However, only those production agencies directly under OACSI or FORSCOM were consolidate*+ under INSCOM. After several subsequent relooks, support grew for a larger consolidation. Consequently, in July 1984, INSCOM's produc- tion element, the Intelligence and Threat Analysis Center, was placed under the operational control of the newly estab- lished U.S. Army Intelligence Agency (Provisional) (AIA), a %2
field operating agency under OACSI. On 1 December 1984, the Army Intelligence Agency left its provisional status, and ITAC was formally assigned to AIA. In addition to taking over ITAC, the new agency also was assigned on 30 April 1984 two production elements formerly subordinated to the U.S. Army Materiel Command: the Foreign Science and Technology Center at Charlottesville, Virginia, and the U.S. Army Missile In- telligence Agency at Redstone Arsenal, Alabama. The new ar- rangements allowed iNSCOM to concentrate all of its energies on the collection and dissemination of Army intelligence at the echelon above corps. Unit Day: 1 October. INSCOM selected this day to commemorate the final integration of Army intelligence assets within the command on 1 October 1977.
INSCOM SHOULDER SLEEVE INSIGNIA SYMBOLISM: The quartered field al- Tudes to the four primary intelli- gence functions: collection, anal- ysis, production, and dissemination of intelligence. The lightning bolt signifies worldwide electrical com- munications, both friendly and hos- tile and the torch stands for know- ledge and vigilance. The doubleweb- bed key is symbolic of security and control. Gold and silver (yellow and white) denote achievement and energy; gray and blue, determination and loy- ality. INSCOM DISTINCTIVE UNIT INSIGNIA SYMBOLISM: The globe alludes to the worldwide intelligence functions of the command and the key is symbolic of security and control. The oak leaves in base signify fortitude and endurance. The color blue symbolizes coolness and courage; gold is for ex- cellence and wisdom, 14
U.S. Army Intelligence and Security Command Milestones The organizational milestones of INSCOM and its. pre- decessors, the U.S. Army Security Agency and the U.S. Army Intelligence Agency, are shown on the following pages. Campaign participation credit and honors re- ceived by subordinate units while assigned to INSCOM and its predecessors are also listed. 18
U.S. ARMY INTELLIGENCE AND SECURITY COMMAND Headquarters, U.S. Army Security Agency redesignated 1 January 1977 as Headquarters, U.S. Army Intelligence and Security Command at Arlington Hal’ Station, Virginia U.S. Army Intelligence Agency reassigned 1 January 1977 to Headquarters, U.S. Army Intelligence and Security Command U.S. Army Intelligence Agency redesignated | October 1977 as Headquarters, U.S. Army Intelligence and Security Command, Fort Meade U.S. Army Intelligence and Security Command selected 1 October as its unit Day, symbolic of the integration of Army intelligence assets into a single major Army command Headquarters, U.S. Army Intelligence and Security Command, Fort Meade discontinued 30 November 1978 at Fort George G. Meade, Maryland Campaigns participated in by units while assigned to the U.S. Army Intelligence and Security Command Korean War Vietnam UN Offensive Advisery CCF intervention Defense First UN Counteroffensive Counteroffensive CCF Spring Offensive Counteroffensive, Phase II UN Summer-Fall Offensive Counteroffensive, Phase ill Second Korean Winter Tet Counteroffensitve Korea, Summer-Fall 1952 Counteroffensive, Phase IV Third Korean Winter Counteroffensive, Phase V Korea, Summer 1953 Counteroffensive, Phase VI Tet 639/Counteroffenstve Summer-Fall 1969 Winter-Fall 1970 Sanctuary Counteroffensive Counteroffensive, Phase VII Consolidation I Consolidation I1 Cease-Fire Decorations received by units while assigned to the U.S. Army Intelligence and Security Command Presidential Unit Citation (Army) Valorous Unit Award Meritorious Unit Commendation Merttorious Unit Commendation (Navy) Air Force Outstanding Unit Award Republic of Korea Presidential Unit Citation Republic of Vietnam Cross of Gallantry with Palm Republic of Vietnam Civil Action Honor Medal, First Class 18.
U.S. ARMY SECURITY AGENCY Cipher Bureau, Military Intelligence Section established 10 June 1917 in Washington, D.C., to perform cryptanalysis and cryptography Cipher Bureau redesignated 18 December 1917 as MI-8 MI1-8 relocated August 1919 from Washington, D.C., to New York City, New York Cryptographic functions of MI-8 transferred 29 October 1920 to the Office of the Chief Signal Officer Code and Cipher Section, Office of the Chief Signal Officer established 1 January 1921 in Washington, 0.C. Cryptanalytic functions of Mi-8 transferred 10 May 1929 to Code and Cipher Section, Office of the Chief Signal Officer, and MI-8 subsequently discontinued at New York City, New York Code and Cipher Section, Office of the Chief Signal Officer redesignated 26 December 1929 as the Signal Intelligence Service Signal Intelligence Service redesignated 22 June 1942 as the Signal Intelligence Division Signal Intelligence Division relocated 8 July 1942 from Washington, D.C., to Arlington Hall Station, Virginia Signal Intelligence Division redesignated 25 July 1942 as the Signal Security Service A Signal Security Service redesignated 1 July 1943 as the Signal Security gency Signal Security Agency discontinued 15 September 1945 at Arlington Hall Station, Virginia Headquarters, Army Security Agency established 15 September 1945 at Arlington Hall Station, Virginia Headquarters, Army Security Agency redesignated 1 January 1957 as Headquarters, U.S. Army Security Agency Headquarters, U.S. Army Security Agency reorganized 14 April 1964 as a major field command
U.S. ARMY INTELLIGENCE AGENCY Corps of Intelligence Police established 13 August 1917 in Washington, D.C. Office of Chief, Corps of Intelligence Police established 2 December 1940 Corps of Intelligence Police redesignated 1 January 1942 as the Counier Intelligence Corps Office of Chief, Counter intelligence Corps relocated 28 January 1943 from Washington, O.C., to Baltimore, Maryland Office of Chief, Counter Intelligence Corps abolished 10 February 1944 Office of Chief, Counter Intelligence Corps reestablished 12 July 1945 at Fort George G. Meade, Maryland Office of Chief, Counter Intelligence Corps relocated 10 October 1945 from Fort George G. Meade to Holabird Signal Depot, Maryland Counter Intelligence Corps redesignated 1 January 1961 as the Intelligence Corps, U.S. Army U.S. Army Intelligence Corps Agency established 1 July 1962 at Fort Holabird, Maryland U.S. Army Intelligence Corps Command organized 1 January 1965 at Fort Holabird, Maryland, as a major field command and U.S. Army Intelligence Corps Agency concurrently discontinued U.S. Army Intelligence Corps Command redesignated 1 July 1965 as the U.S. Arm Intelligence Command Intelligence Corps, U.S. Army discontinued 1 March 1966 at Fort Holabird, Maryland U.S. Army Intelligence Command relocated 1 July 1973 from Fort Holabird to Fort George G. Meade, Maryland U.S. Army Intelligence Command discontinued 30 June 1974 at Fort George G, Meade, Maryland U.S. Army Intelligence Agency organized } July 1974 at Fort George G. Meade, Maryland
U.S. ARMY INTELLIGENCE AND SECURITY COMMAND COMMANDERS Commanders of the U.S. Army Intelligence and Security Command with their inclusive dates are shown betow. Commanders of INSCOM'sS predecessor organizations, the U.S. Army Security Agency and the U.S. Army Intelligence Agency, are shown on the following pages. MG Harry E. Soyster 29 Aug 84 - Present MG Albert N. Stubblebine III 7 May 21 - 29 Aug 84 BG John A. Smith (Acting) 17 Mar 81 - 7 May 81 MG William I. Rolya 1 Jan 77 - 17 Mar 81 19
U.S. Army Security Agency U.S. Army Security Agenc MG William I. Rolya Sep 75 31 Dec 76 1 - MG George A. Godding 14 Mar 73 - 1 Sep 75 BG George L. McFadden, Jr.(Acting) 5 Feb 73 - 14 Mar 73 MG Charles Denholm 15 Sep 65 - 5 Feb 73 BG Dayton W. Eddy 8 Sep 65 - 14 Sep 65 MG William H. Craig 1 Jul 62 - 7 Sep 65 BG Orman G. Charles 1 dun 62 - 30 Jun 62 MG William M. Breckinridge 1 Apr 60 - 31 May 62 MG Thomas S. Timberman 16 Jul 58 - 31 Mar 60 MG James H. Phillips 16 Aug 56 - 15 Jul 58 BG John C. Monohan 1 Aug 56 - 15 Aug 56 BG Samuel P. Collins 28 Jun 56 - 31 Jul 56 MG Harry Reichelderfer 15 Jan 53 - 27 Jun 56 COL John C. Arrowsmith 19 Dec 52 - 15 Jan 53 MG Robinson E. Duff 1 Aug 51 - 19 Dec 52 COL John C. Arrowsmith 20 Feb 51 - 1 Aug 51 BG William N. Gilmore 10 Aug 50 - 19 Feb 51 COL John C. Arrowsmith - 1 Jun 50 - 9 Aug 50 BG Carter W. Clarke 10 Jan 49 - 31 May 596 COL Harold G. Hayes 1 Apr 46 - 9 Jan 49 BG Preston W. Corderman 15 Sep 45 - 1 Apr 46 Signal Security Agency BG Preston W. Corderman 1 Jul 43 - 14 Sep 45 Signal Security Service COL Preston W. Corderman 1 Feb 43 - 30 Jun 43 COL Frank W. Bullock 25 Jul 42 - 31 Jan 43 Signal Intelligence Service/Division COL Frank W. Bullock 2 May 42 - 24 Jul 42 LTC Rex W. Minckler 7 Jun 41 - 18 Apr 42 COL S. B. Atkin 25 Jul 39 - 2 May 41 MAJ W. O. Reeder 23 Apr 38 - 24 Jul 39 MAJ Haskell Allison 1 Aug 35 - 22 Apr 38 Mr. William F. Friedman 26 Dec 29 - 31 Jul 35 Code and Cipher Section, OCSig0 Mr. William F. Friedman 1 Jan 21 - 25 Dec 29 MI-8 MAJ Herbert 0. Yardley 10 Jun 17 - 10 May 29
U.S. Army Inteiligence Agency U.S. Army Intelligence Agency BG James E. Freeze. 30 Aug 77 - 1 Oct 77 BG Edmund R. Thompson 1 Jul 75 - 29 Aug 77 COL William S. Wolf 1 Jul 74 - 30 Jun 75 U.S. Army intelligence Command COL N. Dean Schanche 1 Oct 72 - 30 Jun 74 COL James R. Waldie 19 Jun 72 - 30 Sep 72 BG Oriando C. Epp 1 Feb 71 - 19 Jun 72 BG Jack C. Matthews 28 Feb 70 - 31 Jan 71 MG William H. Blakefield 5 Jun 67 - 22 Feb 70 MG Elias C. Townsend * . 24 Nov 65 - 4 Jun 67 MG Charles F. Leonard, Jr.* 1 Jan 65 - 21 Nov 65 U.S. Army Intelligence Corps Agenc MG Charles F. Leonard, ur. * Dec 64 - 31 Dec 64 MG Richard Collins * Aug 63 - 30 Nov 64 MG Garrison B. Coverdaie * Jul 62 - 31 Jul 63 = ee Chief, Inteliigence Corps MG Garrison B. Coverdale MG Richard G. Prather Aug 61 - 30 Jun 62 Jan 61 - 2 Aug 61 ew Chief, Counter Intelligence Corps MG Richard G. Prather 28 Nov 56 - 31 Dec 60 MG Boniface Campbell] 22 Oct 53 - 27 Nov 56 MG George B. Barth 21 Aug 53 - 21 Oct 53 MG Philip E. Gallagher 23 Aug 51 - 20 Aug 53 MG John K. Rice 9 Jun 49 - 22 Aug 51 BG Edwin A. Zundel 11 Jan 48 - 8 Jun 49 BG George V. Keyser 26 Apr 47 - 10 Jan 48 COL Meredith C. Noble 15 Jan 46 ~ 17 Apr 47 COL Harold R. Kibler 13 Jul 45 - 14 Jan 46 (Office of Chief Abolished) COL Harold R. Kibler 10 May 43 - 10 Feb 44 LTC Hugh D. Wise, dr. 1 Jul 42 - 9 May 43 LTC H. G. Sheen 1 Jan 42 - 30 Jun 42 Chief, Corps of Intelligence Police MAJ H. G. Sheen 7 Oct 41 - 31 Dec 41 CPT Donald B. MacDonald 6 Aug 41 - 6 Oct 41 MAJ Gariand Williams 27 Jan 41 - 5 Aug 41 * served concurrently as Chief, Intelligence Corps until corps discontinued on 1 March 1966. 21
THE MILITARY INTELLIGENCE SPHINX The sphinx, a composite creature with a lion's body and a human head, is often represented in ancient Middle Eastern art. The earliest example is the famed reclining sphinx in Giza, Egypt, dating from approximately 2,500 B.C. This colos- sal monument is believed to be a portrait statue of King Khafre. Throughout Egyptian history, the sphinx continued to symbolize the strength and protective power of Egypt's rulers. Around 1600 8.C., the sphinx first appeared in Greek art and later became a part of Greek legend. According to Greek myth- ology, the sphinx was a winged, human-headed lion, an off- spring of two giants. Living in the vicinity of the city of Thebes, she terrorized the people by demanding the answer to a riddle taught her by the Muses: What is it that has one voice and yet becomes four-footed, then two-footed, and final- ly three-footed? Upon receiving an incorrect answer, the sphinx proceeded to devour her helpless victims. Eventually, Oedipus gave the correct answer: "Man who crawls on all fours during infancy, walks on two feet when grown, and leans ona staff in old age." Confronted with the solution, the sphinx killed herself. From ancient times to present, the sphinx has portrayed both wisdom and strength. Because of its association with these virtues, the War Department selected the sphinx in 1923 as the most appropriate symbol to represent the recently established Military Intelligence Officers’ Reserve Corps (MIORC), an as- sociation of World War I veterans with experience and interest in intelligence. The MIORC's insignia consisted of an eared shield bearing a circle, 13 radial ribs connecting the border to the circle and a sphinx within the circle. The 13 converg- ing strips symbolized the collecting of information by mil- itary intelligence which was represented by the sphinx, and conversely, the strips also symbolized the dissemination of
information after evaluation. Through the years, the sphinx remained the principal heraldic symbol of military intelli- gence, and in particular, counterintelligence. When the Mili- tary Intelligence Reserve Branch was established in 1952, the shielded sphinx was placed on the purple and gold branch flag, and the brass worn by the reserve officers featured the "res- ting cow" as the reclining sphinx was often called. In 1949, the Counter Intelligence Corps School, located at Fort Hola- bird, Maryland, had the sphinx on its crest as did its succes- sor unit, che U.S. Army Intelligence Schcol, in 1961. When the U.S. Army Intelligence Command (USAINTC) was organized as a ma- jor Army command from 1965 to 1974, the sphinx was on the com- mand's shoulder patch. However, the most striking example of the symbol‘'s connection with intelligence was the five-foot sphinx statue constructed of pot iron and painted gold which stood for over 20 years in front of the headquarters of USAINTC and its predecessors and which since 1974 has been part of the U.S. Army Intelligence Center and School (USAICS). The statue was first erected on a concrete pedestal in front of the CIC Center Headquarters at Fort Holabird in 1953. During a special ceremony on 5 Au- gust 1962, the statue was rededicated and a bronze plate was attached to its base by the National Counter Intelligence Corps Association with the inscription: “In memory of those men of the Corps who made the supreme sacrifice while securing the blessings of liberty for the United States of America." For students and visitors at Fort Holabird, the statue and the CiC became inseparably related. It was difficult to disassociate one from the other. From time to time the pranksters had their day with the statue. The sphinx would turn from gold to pink overnight, and on occa- sion, could be seen decked out with a new brassiere. In July 1973, Headquarters, U.S. Army Intelligence Command moved from Fort Holabird to Fort George G. Meade, Maryland, and with it went the sphinx, which barely survived the ride through the Baltimore Harbor Tunnel. In October it was placed on its new pedestal in front of Nathan Hale Hall, but its Stay was brief. When the U.S. Army Intelligence Command was discontinued on 30 June 1974, it was decided that the U.S. Army Intelligence Center and School at Fort Huachuca, Arizona, would be the permanent home of the sphinx. At Fort Huachuca, the sphinx stood in front of the Military Intelligence Museum until its closure in 1976. Today, it maintains a constant vigil in the courtyard of Riley Barracks, Headquarters, U.S. Army Intelligence Center and School.
But, like the sphinx of ancient Thebes, the MI sphinx has a riddle all its own. How and when did it come to be discarded in a salvage area at Fort George G. Meade; who did it; and why? Records indicate that in 1953, an officer and a civilian associated with the Counter Intelligence Corps retrieved the statue from the salvage area and had it refurbished and erected at Fort Holabird. There is a story that the statue once stood on an earthern mound in front of either the 19th or 525th Military Intelligence Battalion at Fort Meade during the post World War II period until being discarded, but ecfficial re- cords fail to verify that these units existed for the time and place in question, Others subscribe to the story that the statue was one of two such sphinxes which stood for over 50 years at a well-known ranch in California, only to disappear in the early 1950's. Finally, most old-timers believe it was liberated from a brothel in Paris by enterprising CIC agents and brought back to the States at the end of World War Il. . The sphinx in its symbolic wisdom continues to keep its secrets. 24
TRAVIS TROPHY The Travis Trophy was originated in 1945 by Sir Edward Travis, K.C.N.G., of London, England, as an award for athletic compe- tition between the U.S. Army Security Agency and the Naval Communications Supplementary Activity. The main objective was to encourage participation by the greatest possible number of personnel, both civilian and military. Competition was heid in various areas including baseball, tennis, bowling, chess, basketball, golf, table tennis, bridge, and softball. By 1948, athletic competition between the two activities and the presentation of the award had come to an end. It was not until 1964 that the award became active once again. At this time, the Travis Trophy, on display at Arling- ton Hall Station, came to the attention of LTG Gordon A. Blake, USAF, Director, Natiomal Security Agency, during a visit. General Blake requested permission to reactivate the award and present it to the service cryptologic agency which has made the most significant contributions to the national cryptologic effort in the fields of operations, management, administration, or suggestions or by special acts or services during the calendar year. DIRECTOR'S TROPHY Beginning in 1979, Vice Admiral B.R. Inman, Director, National Security Agency/Central Security Service, established the Director's Trophy Award to recognize the most significant contribution by a tactical support element in the fields of operations, management, administration, or suggestions. The Travis Trophy continues to be awarded for the most outstand- ing performance by a unit at a permanent site while the Direc- tor's Trophy will serve as equal recognition of performance by a mobile or tactical unit.
Travis Trophy Army Winners and Nominees Calendar Year 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 Unit USASA NOMINEE: 53d USASA Special Operations Command 313th ASA Battalion (Corps) USASA NOMINEE: USASA Training Center and School 509th USASA Group USASA NOMINEE: USASA, Europe USASA NOMINEE: 330th ASA Company USASA Field Station, Udorn USASA NOMINEE: USASA Field Station, Vint Hill Farms USASA NOMINEE: USASA Field Station, Udorn USASA Field Station, Berlin JSASA NOMINEE: USASA Field Sation, Augsburg Consolidated Security Operations Center, San Antonio (USASA Field Station, San Antonio/6993d U.S. Air Force Security Squadron) USASA Field Station, Sobe 470th MI Group USAINSCOM NOMINEE: U.S. Army Field Station, Augsburg USAINSCOM NOMINEE: U.S. Army Field Station, Sobe U.S. Army Field Station, Misawa U.S. Army Field Station, Berlin
Calendar Year Unit 1982 USAINSCOM NOMINEE: U.S. Army Field Station, Berlin 1983 USAINSCOM NOMINEE: U.S. Army Field Station, Augsburg 1984 USAINSCOM NOMINEE: U.S. Army Field Station, Augsburg 27
Calendar Year 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 Director's Trophy Army Winners and Nominees Unit NOMINEE: 193d MI Company, Panama NOMINEE: 372d ASA Company, 25th Inf Div, Oahu, Hawaii NOMINEE: 372 ASA Company, 25th Inf Div, Oahu, Hawaii Task Force 138, U.S. Southern Command, Panama NOMINEE: 193d MI Company (CEWI), Panama 224th MI Battalion (Aerial Exploitation)
INSCOM UNITS: THEIR HISTORY AND HERALDRY The history of INSCOM units can be expressed in a number of ways. It is contained in historical narratives pre- pared from the records of each command element. It can also be found, in outline form, in the Lineage and Honors Certificates prepared for TOE units by the U.S. Army Center of Military History. Finally, elements of unit history are symbolically depicted in the heraldic items prepared for certain units by The Institute of Heraldry, U.S. Army. The following section is designed not only to teach each unit something about its heritage but also to familiarize members of the command with the scope of the Army's histori- cal and heraldic programs and the way in which these programs can be used to foster unit esprit, pride, and cohesion. The History of INSCOM Units Because of space limitations and other considerations, this special monograph does not discuss all units in the command. It confines itself to the history of selected major subordinate elements, to include groups, battalions, and field stations. The unit histories contained herein do not purport to be either complete or definitive. They have been written from the data base immediately available to the INSCOM History Office. This was essentially limited to records held by the U.S. Army Cryptologic Records Center; selected files obtained from the National Archives, Washing- ton, D.C.; unit data cards compiled by a division of The Institute of Heraldry, U.S. Army; and material in the pos- session of the U.S. Army Center of Military History and the INSCOM History Office itself. There are significant gaps in the documentation presently available. The History Office is now trying to fill these gaps through further research and will welcome any corrections to the record that can be offered by knowledgeable individuals in the field. Furthermore, the histories deliberately emphasize what happened to units before they joined the command, since historical information on the period from 1977 to the present should be readily available in units’ organiza- tional history files. At this point, a short discussion on the principles of Army unit history is in order. From a technical point of view, Army unit history concerns itself with the activities of given designated units, and not with what happens to the personnel and assets which flow in and out of these units from time to time. Each unit is treated almost as a living organism and is tracked from its constitution and initial
activation through all of its subsequent redesignations, inactivations, °nd activations. Strictly speaking, the Army allots a hi:tors only to TOE units, which are held to have a continuous existence once they are placed on the rolls of the Army. TOA units by contrast, have no lineage and can earn no honors; they are organized to satisfy the re- quirements of the moment and are discontinued when no longer needed. However, because TDA organizations have played such an import2nt role in the activities of INSCOM and of its predecessors, this document mentions their activities where appropriate and also provides background on various TDA units whose area missions were subsequently assumed by TOE units later assigned to the command. Nonetheless, it should be pointed out that the fact that a TOE unit inher- ited its mission, personnel, or other assets does not affect that unit's own official history. Unit history can only be as good as its source materials. For this reason, AR 870-5, Military History: Responsibi- lities, Policies, and Procedures, sets forth requirements for each unit to maintain an adequate organizational history file that will provide the unit with an institutional mem- ory of its past. The file kept by each INSCOM unit should contain not only the original copies of the annual histori- cal reports furnished the INSCOM History Office, but also all necessary backup material as stipulated in paragraph 7-1 of the AR. This includes such items as copies of major orders affecting the unit, a list of commanders, mis- sion statements, inspection reports, the location of al] unit elements, and other documentation (including audio- visual material and magnetic tapes) listed in greater detail in the AR. The file will remain in the possession of the unit until the unit is inactivated or becomes otherwise unable to maintain custody of its own records (i.e., is reduced to zero strength, ordered to deploy for combat operations, etc). When the file can no longer be retained for any of these reasons, it should be forwarded to the INSCOM Cryptologic Records Center (HQ INSCOM, IASA-AR). The unit commander may retrieve the file when the unit is again able to assume responsibility for its records by writing the INSCOM History Office (HQ INSCOM, IAOPS-HIST). INSCOM Units and the Center of Military History In addition to the support provided to INSCOM units by the INSCOM History Office, the U.S. Army Center of Military His-' tory grovides a number of historical services to the Army. The center, the Department of the Army's agent in all his- torical matters, traces its origin back to the early 1920's, when the historical section was set up in the U.S. Army War
College to monitor organizational history and provide sup- port to the Army heraldic program. All Army history programs were centralized under the control of the Office of the Chief of Military History, Army Special Staff, in. 1947. The Center of Military History became a separate field operating element in 1972. In addition to its publication activity, the center supports a number of programs of special interest to INSCOM units. Lineage and Honors Certificates As previously indicated, the Army makes a sharp distinc- tion between TOE and TDA units in its handling of unit history, since only TOE units are allowed to bear line- age and honors. The Center of Military History maintains close watch over TOE units. In consultation with The Adjutant General's Office, which cuts the necessary orders, the Center of Military History helps determine which TOE units will be the next to be activated or to be inactiva- ted, using as a basis for its judgement such factors as the age and honors of each unit along with the unit's traditional mission and geographical assignment. More importantly, the Center of Military History, as the Army's agent in historical matters, furnishes active TOE units with Lineage and Honors Certificates, which serve at once as the "Birth Certificates" of units and as their cer- tificates of entitlement to campaign participation credits and decorations. Al? active INSCOM units down to 20-man detachments should maintain current Lineage and Honors Cer- tificates. (Since detachments with an authorized military strength of less than 20 do not carry guidons and have no way of displaying their honors, they are not eligible to have certificates prepared for them.) Commanders are author- ized to correspond directly with HQDA, DAMH-HSO on the mat- ter. It should be pointed out that ‘Lineage and Honors Certificates can only be issued to units after the center has received official confirmation that their activation has already been accomplished. The center will furnish statements of service to units in process of activation. Special Designations Under provisions of paragraph 8-4, AR 870-5, the U.S. Army Center of Military History will provide active TOE units not organic to other units with Special Designation Certi- ficates. Under this program, each such unit is encouraged to apply for. its own Special Designation Certificate, which may be either traditional or distinctive. (A tradi- tional designation is a designation associated with the 37
unit for at least 30 years; a distinctive designation is one of more recent origin.) The designation should associ- ate the organization with some person, place, thing, event, or functions important to the unit and should be selected to enhance unit morale. It should be significant and in good taste, and it should not be duplicative of the approved special designations of other units. Upon approval by the Center of Military History, the center will issue a certifi- cate attesting to the selection and will enter the special designation upon the Lineage and Honors Certificate of the unit. As of this writing, the only INSCOM units to have secured an approved Special Designation Certificate are the 11th MI Company ("Wizards of War"), the 500th MI Group ("Pacific Vanguard"), Headquarters and Headquarters Company, 513th MI Group (“Vigilant Knights"), and the 902d MI Group ("The Deuce"). All of these are distinctive designations. Nicknames TDA units are not eligible to receive Special Designation Certificates from the Center of Military History. However, in the past, field stations that are now a part of INSCOM have made up their own "nicknames." Some of the units pres- ently bearing nicknames or commemorative designations are Field Station Korea “("Zoeckler _ Station"), Field Station. Okinawa ("Torii Station"), Field Station San Antonio. ("Alamo Station"), and Field Station Sinop ("Diogenes Station"). Unit Days The Center of Military History encourages all units to fos- ter unit morale and cohesion by establishing Unit Days. Each Unit Day should represent the anniversary of a significant occasion in the life of a unit, such as its first activa- tion or organization, its first deployment overseas, the first day it took part in a named campaign, or a date associ- ated with a unit decoration. It would be inappropriate for a unit to select the day on which it was first consti- tuted as a Unit Day, since constitution represents only a paper transaction. Active TOE units should register their Unit Days with the Center of Military History, which witl issue each unit an appropriate certificate upon approval of its selection, as provided by paragraph 7-3, AR 870-5. TDA units are not eligible for a certificate, but should inform the INSCOM History Office as to the Unit Day they have selected. a ee a oe
Historical Memorial Awards Each TOE unit is authorized to establish a historical memor- ial award in the name of a battle or campaign in which the unit distinguished itself, or in the name of an outstanding former member, and to present the award to a deserving indi- vidual in the command annually. The Center of Military His- tory will issue the unit an appropriate certificate. Cor- respondence on historical memorial awards, as well as on Special Designations Certificates and Unit Days, should be addressed by unit commanders directly to HQDA, DAMH-HSO. INSCOM and Its Heraldry Heraldry is the art or science which deals with coats of arms and their origins. It serves as both an art form and a source of historical information. Although the origins of heraldry probably predate recorded history, heraldry as we know it today was initiated in Western Europe during the feudal! period. As the use of armor increased, it became necessary to devise insignia to distinguish friend from foe on the battlefield, and to identify knights and noblemen to their followers. Individuals began to decorate their helmets with distinctive crests, to emblazon their shields with stylized designs, and to wear these designs upon the surcoats which covered their body armor. Gradually, this process fell un- der centralized control. Rules for the design of heraldry were codified, and heraldic entitlements were allotted by colleges of arms. Engtand's College of Arms, with its of- ficials picturesquely entitled "Kings-at-Arms, Heralds, and Pursuivants," dates back to the days of Henry V; and was given an official charter by Richard III in 1483. The practice of heraldry was brought to the New World with the first wave of European settlers. It is still actively carried on in the United States, although it no longer serves to distinguish individuals, but rather, specific organiza- tions and their members. Many of its features continue to be derived from English and continental models. The designs of American heraldic items refiect the history, traditions, and accomplishments of the organizations to which they have been given. Heraldic work for INSCOM units is performed by The Institute of Heraldry, U.S. Army, which provides this service for the entire U.S. Government as well as for the U.S. Army. The in- stitute, currently. based at Cameron Station, Virginia, is responsible for the design of all official government seals and all military medals, insignias, flags, guidons, and coats of arms. The origins of the institute date back to 1919, when 33°.
an office was established within the War Department General Staff to coordinate and approve coats of arms and insignia for certain Army organizations. The Quartermaster General was given the responsibility of supervising specific military designs in 1924. This responsibility was expanded in 1957 to include the function of providing heraldic support to all government agencies. The Institute of Heraldry, U.S. Army was established in 1960, consolidating activities previously performed within the Office of the Quartermaster General with those of several formerly separate field elements. Since 1962, the institute has been a part of The Adjutant Gener- al's Office. The designs of The Institute of Heraldry impact upon INSCOM and the military intelligence community at every level. Heraldic symbolism underlies the badge of the Military Intel- ligence Branch, INSCOM's shoulder sleeve insignia ("patch") and distinctive unit insignia (DUI), and the distinctive unit insignia and colors of the command's major TOE units. The MI Insignia of Branch The first U.S. Army intelligence organization to have an approved symbol was the Military Intelligence Officers Reserve Corps (MIORC). Established on 2 April 1921, the MIORC consisted of a reserve mobilization base of veteran trained intelligence officers who had served in World War I. The branch insignia ailotted to the MIORC on 30 July 1923 consisted of an eared shield bearing a circle connected to the shield's border by 13 radial ribs. Within the circle on the shield was the profile of a crouched sphinx. The sphinx, a fabulous riddie-telling creature with the body of a lion and a woman's head, was chosen to represent both wis- dom and strength. The sphinx has retained its association with Army intelligence up to this day. New branch insignia were made necessary in 1952 when the Army Security and Military Intelligence Branches were made separ- ate components in the Army Reserve. The Military Intelli- gence Branch badge retained the traditional sphinx design. The Army Security Branch badge introduced new symbols appro- priate to the missions of the branch: a lightning bolt, signifying communications; and crossed keys, standing for secrecy, authority, and guardianship. The present Military Intelligence Branch badge was introduced with the formation of the Army Intelligence and Security Branch in 1962. The sword reflects the offensive and defen- sive role of military intelligence, and the dangers the work entails; the sun is the emblem of the Greek god Helios, who 34
Saw and heard all; and the rose partially covering the badge is a tracitional symbol of secrecy (as in the phrase sub rosa). Shoulder Sleeve Insignia and DUI's Shoulder sleeve insignia are authorized for members of major Army commands (MACUM) under the provisions of paragraph 26-16, AR 670-1, Wear and Appearance .f Army Uniforms and Insignia. All troops currently assigned to INSCOM wear the distinctive command patch, except those assigned to U.S. Army Field Station Berlin, who historically have worn the shou! - der sleeve insignia of the Berlin Brigade. The torch on the INSCOM insignia stands for knowledge and vigilance; the lightning bolt for communications; and the key for security and control. The background colors are oriental blue and silver grey, the official colors of military intelligence, representing loyalty and. determination. The provisions of paragraph 26-21, AR 670-1 authorize mem- bers of MACOM's to wear distinctive unit insignia (DUI). DUI's, like shoulder sleeve insignia, are designed by The Institute of Heraldry, which makes use of input from the Supported command or unit. The designs express in heral- dic form elements of each unit's mission and history. The key and globe represented cn INSCOM's DUI restate familiar themes of military intelligence heraldry: worldwide mis- sion combined with secrecy. Personnel assigned to INSCOM's TOE groups and battalions; to U.S. Army Field Stations Augs- burg, Berlin, Kunia, and Sinop: to the INSCOM CONUS MI Group; to the U.S. Army Russian Institute; and to the U.S. Army Special Security Group wear the DUI's authorized their own units. (Several of these units, however, have yet to receive issue of their ODUI's.) In general, TDA units are not authorized their own DUI's. However, within INSCOM alone, there are a number of excep- tions. Sinop was the first field station authorized its own DUI; this came about because at one point personnel assigned to the station were not allowed to wear any INSCOM- related insignia. The Special Security Group received authorization while a field operating agency under OACSI. The Russian Institute is considered a service school and qualifies accordingly. Finally, on 28 October 1983, HQ INSCOM received from HQDA a one-time exception on the general restrictions against awarding DUI's to TDA units. Field Stations Kunia, Berlin, and Augsburg, along with the CONUS MI Group, were all authorized individual DUI‘s based
upon a number of factors to include their mission, size, and location. Point of contact for information on matters pertaining to insignia is HQ INSCOM, IAPER-M, INSCOM's predecessor organizations made use of their own distinctive symbols. (Illustrations of these can be found in the prior chapter of this series entitled “INSCOM and the Army.") Members of the Army Security Agency wore a shoulder sleeve insignia consisting of a shield bearing the claw of an American eagle clutching a sheaf of lightning bolts, an obvious reference to the mission. The globe-shaped DUI also contained conventional mission-oriented imagery. The U.S. Army Intelligence Agency (USAINTA) shoulder sleeve patch had a globe superimposed upon a rose, representing the elements of worldwide mission and secrecy. The USAINTA DUI consisted of the crested helmet worn by Tallmadge's Troop of Continental Dragoons during the American Revoliution- ary War; it is associated with the cavalry's traditional intelligence roles of acting both as the Army's “eyes"-and as its screen against hostile scouts. The U.S. Army Intelli- gence Command (USAINTC) patch, a sphinx atop a torch-like re- presentation of half a sun, made use of familiar intelli- gence-connected symbols. The seven stars on the USAINTC DUI stood for the seven MI groups originally controlled by the command. (The first design suggested by The Insti- tute of Heraldry for the command had contained a griffin, another mythological animal; USAINTC rejected it on the grounds that they did not want any more “animals” in their insignia.) Other Symbols Aithough The Institute of Heraldry, U.S. Army is the only au- thorized official designer of heraldic entitlements for IN- SCOM and the Army, the command and its units have from time to time created symbols of their own. INSCOM has an unoffi- cial seal, which incorporates appropriate heraldic elements but which remains unofficial] because only U.S. Government de- partments are authorized to have their own seals. 6elow is an illustration of the INSCOM shield. et pmanee we ee
Army Regulations do not authorize all Army units to have their own DUI‘'s. Since World War II on, many intelligence units have spontaneously created unit emblems of their own to promote morale, often in combat situations. Examples of two such symbols can be found below. UNOFFICIAL UNIT SYMBOLS FROM TWO WARS On the left is the symbol of the 114th Signal Radio Intel- ligence Company in World War II, designed by the Walt Disney studios. On the right is the symbol of the 509th Radio Re- search Group in Vietnam. Flags, Colors, and Guidons Under provisions of AR 840-10, Flags, Guidons, Streamers, Tabards, and Automobile and Aircrift Plates, Army commands and their subordinate units down to independent 20-man detachments are authorized flags, colors, or guidons as appropriate to the unit. The flags, colors, and guidons not only serve to identify the unit and promote esprit, but are the means by which the unit displays its campaign participation credits and decorations. Decorations are denoted by streamers; campaign participation credits are displayed by streamers attached to flags and colors and by silver bands on the poles of company and detachment gui- dons. Activating units may obtain flags, colors, guidons, and other accoutrements by writing directly to the U.S. Army Support Activity, Philadelphia. Requests should be accom- panied by an up-to-date unit statement of service, which can be oabtained from the Center of Military History. The INSCOM PNC on these matters is HQ INSCOM, IAPER-M.
As a MACGM, INSCOM is authorized its own flag, a dark blue banner bearing the INSCOM shoulder sleeve insignia. INSCOM numbered groups have flags of oriental blue and silver grey in a diagonal arrangement, with the numbers of the unit des- ignations centered in Arabic numerals. The CONUS Military Intelligence Group is authorized a similar flag with appro- priate lettering replacing the numbers. INSCOM field sta- tions have flags of oriental blue; each flag contains the Military Intelligence Branch insignia centered in silver grey and dark blue above a scroll inscribed with the designation of the field station. Battalions organized under a fixed TOE with their own organic lettered companies are entitled to bear unit colors, and are authorized their own coats of arms, each of which con- sists cf a shield, a crest, and a motto. (DUI's of such fixed battalions normally consist of the shield and motto; however, the shield alone or the shield, crest, and motto can also be used.) The colors of INSCOM fixed battalions are oriental blue. The battalion color has an embroidered American eagle in the center with the unit motto in its beak, the unit shield on its breast, and the unit crest above. The unit designation is on a scroll below. Most INSCOM battalions, however, are flexible, made up of a varying number of attached subordinate elements. These units carry oriental blue flags with the battalion DUI centered above a scroll bearing the unit designation. The separate numbered companies of INSCOM carry guidons of oriental blue with the branch insignia in silver grey above the unit's numerical designation. TOE detachments with an authorized military strength of at least 20 carry guidons with the letters "DET" below the branch insignia. TDA detachments and other units carry guidons displaying only the branch insignia. Flags, guidons, and associated material are not only im- portant to the active units which bear them, but they are historically valuable as well. INSCOM TOE units about to be inactivated should return this class of property to the New Cumberland Army Depot, as detailed in the provisions of paragraph 10-5, AR 840-10. Flags, cotors, guidons, streamers and silver bands will be held there and reissued to the originating units when they once more go into an active status. In the meantime, these items may be made available for use in the INSCOM historical display program. TDA units which are being discontinued should forward their flags to the INSCOM History Office (HQ INSCOM, IAOPS-HIST) where they will become a part of the INSCOM collection of historical properties and wili be used for display purposes. 38
65th Military Intelligence Group The 66th Counter Intelligence Corps Detachment was constituted in the Army of the United States on 21 June 1944 and activated on 1 July 1944 at Camp Rucker, Alabama. The unit was assign- ed to IX Corps and attached to the 66th Infantry Division. On 23 November 1944, the 66th CIC Detachment left Alabama for overseas deployment on the Brittania, arriving at South>mpton, England, cn 12 December. On 27 December, tne unit left fer France. The 66th Infantry Division had the responsibility for contain- ing the German stronghoids at Lorient and St. Nazaire, France, while the Allies launched a new offensive into Germany. Refu- gees from these pockets needed thorough screening in addition to shelter and food. On one particularly busy day over 2,100 refugees from the St. Nazaire area were screened in Nantes by the 66th and 424th CIC Detachments. After the German surrender of the strongholds in May 1945, the 66th CIC Detachment was almost constantly on the move, first into Germany and then back to France. The 66th CIC Detachment Geparted St. Victoret for the States on the USS Exchange on 30 October, arriving at Camp Kilmer, New Jersey, where it was inactivated on 12 November. Tne 66th CIC Detachment received credit for participation in the Northern France campaign. On 10 November 1949, the 66th CIC Detachment was activated at Stuttgart, Germany, and assigned to U.S. Army, Europe. The 66th CIC Detachment assumed the functions and personnel of the concurrently discontinued 7970th CIC Group. The history of CIC operations in occupied Germany actually began before V-E Day when planners decided to establish a new occupation detachment with sufficient strength to absorb per- sonnel from combat CIC detachments being inactivated. On 10 May, the large-scale paper transfer of CIC personnel took place, and concurrently, the 970th CIC Detachment was acti- vated at Wiesbaden, Germany, to receive 300 officers and 1,100 agents. In July 1945, the 970th CIC Detachment moved its headquarters to Frankfurt, where after several shifts, the unit finally settled at the 1.G. Farben Building. By November 1945, the 970th CIC Detachment had grown to a peak strength of 1,572 officers and 1,158 enlisted men and had been subdivided into eight regions, each with a structure of its own including subregions and resident/day offices. For the first year, the primary mission centered upon deNazification
of occupied Germany, and by the end of 1945, more than 120,000 individuals had been apprehended. In an effort to streamline operations and to economize on personnel, the 970th CIC De- tachment was inactivated on 20 June 1948 and its personnel transferred to the 7970th CIC Group organized concurrently. The 7970th CIC Group was a TD organization which was to be tailored to the specific needs of CIC in Europe. Between september 1948 and April 1949, the 7970th CIC Group was re- upganized to reduce the number of administrative layers under each region and to increase the operational capacity of its headquarters. In September 1949, the 7970th CIC Group moved its headquarters from Frankfurt to Stuttgart. In the fall of 1949, a request was initiated to restore CIC in Germany to a TOE status, primarily to enable it to receive a personnel allotment on a more permanent basis directly from DA. As a result, on 10 November 1949, the 7970th CIC Detachment was discontinued and its personnel transferred to the 66th CIC Detachment activated concurrently at Stuttgart. At the time of activation, the 66th CIC Detachment performed a counterintelligence mission in support of Commander in Chief, European Command and was divided into twelve regions: Stuttgart (1), Heidelberg (11), Frankfurt (II1J), Munich (IV), Regensburg (V), Nurnberg (VI), Bayreuth (VII), Berlin (VIII), Bremen (IX), Bad Wildungen (X), Wurzburg (XI), and Augsburg (X11). On 5 December 1951, the 66th CIC Detachment was allot- ted to the Regular Army, and on 20 December 1952, the detach- ment was redesignated as the 66th Counter Intelligence Corps Group. By July 1953, the number of regions had been reduced to seven; a Detachment "A," responsible for U.S. forces based in France had been added at Orleans, France; and there were 56 subordi- nate offices throughout the United States and French zones of Germany, the U.S. sector of Berlin, the Bremen enclave, and the USAREUR Communications Zone in France. Upon establishment of the field operations intelligence (FOI) mission within the Army, those positive intelligence functions which had accumulated within the 66th CIC Group were trans- ferred along with accompanying personnel to the 513th MI Group and in turn to the newly activated 522d MI Battalion. By 15 Mav 1956, the 66th CIC Group had further reduced its number of regions to four and on 1 January 1958 redesignated them as lettered detachments: A, B, C, and D. On 1 November 1959, a major mission change occured. USAREUR divided the counterintelligence and field operations intelli- gence/area intelligence responsibilities on a geographical 40
basis between the 66th CIC Group and the 513th MI Group. The latter was allotted responsibility for covering northern Ger- many to include Berlin and the 66th CIC Group was assigned the mission of covering southern Germany (Bavaria, Baden- Wurtenberg, Rhineland-Phalz, and Saarland). As a result of its new mission, the 66th CIC Group was redesignated the 66th Military Intelligence Group on 1 January 1960 and as the 66th Intelligence Corps Group on 25 July 1961. Due to the inherent coordination problems caused by the divi- sion of functions on a geographical basis between the 66th INTC Group and 513th MI Group, a second major reorganization soon followed. On 1 April 1962, the 513th MI Group continued with the field operations intelligence/area intelligence mission along with a limited CI mission. On the other hand, the 66th INTC Group was reorganized with the mission of CI support to the Seventh U.S. Army. The approved organization for the 66th INTC Group included a number of newly activated and numerically designated security, collection, and linguist companies. Upon the discontinuance of the Army Intelligence Corps, the 66th INTC Group was again redesignated the. 66th Military Intelligence Group on 15 October 1966. As a result of a major reorganization and consolidation of Army intelligence assets in Europe, the 66th MI Group was re- located from Stuttgart to Munich on 17 September 1968. The move was part of a plan to combine the assets and mission of the 513th MI Group with those of the 66th MI Group. The latter, as the more senior of the two organizations, was retained, and the 513th MI Group inactivated. This merger took place during the course of the following year. Upon the 513th MI Group's inactivation, the 66th MI Group moved into its present headquarters facility in Building 1, McGraw Kaserne, Munich, on 8 May 1969. On 1 February 1977, the 66th MI Group was relieved from assign- ment to U.S. Army, Europe and Seventh Army and reassigned to the U.S. Army Intelligence and Security Command as part of a world- wide reorganization of Army intelligence resources. To bring a -variety of newly assigned intelligence and security units with their functions together under the 66th MI Group, the 66th Military Intelligence Group, Intelligence and Security (Provi- sional) was organized on 1 August 1977. The provisional group was formally discontinued on 25 August 1981. The com- pletion of this merger of multidiscipline assets perhaps could best be symbolized by the 66th MI Group's participation in FTX CARAVAN WEST II in March 1980. Today, subordinate units of the 66th MI Group along with their elements are located at over 50 locations, earning it the distinction as being the 41
largest multidisciplined MI group within INSCOM and the Army and allowing its members to describe it as the "Biggest and Best." Unit Day: 1 July. The 66th MI Group celebrates its original activation date of 1 July 1944, 42
DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY Lineage and Gonos MIT Bren ee G@enstttcens 2) denn 1005 oe Gin (amy of ohn Onstec Secken on Cian tometer Imaal ligese tevee Decasnume antineend 3 Joly itd 90 Camp Gentes, Alokeme Sanntinpend 22 Bonentes 1083 of Corp Eliane, Ser dureey dativetet 14 ecunner 1%) to Gecmey @iieunas 5 Ounentes if 11 co oe Reguier aruy ‘@apreanians ana vesesiguatet 30 fenmmine 1953 a6 66cd Comer feteili gence ferpe Crome Seryeniens ond Tedemigueted 3 Snmeary 1006 an G6th Military Metal ligescs Gatenignesst 5 daily 1961 op the Ohh Lal ligne Gove Gren Gutuntgueaad 15 Guceber 1066 cn tem O84d MUlitery lane) iigumes Greve | SvmBoLisM The black and white symbolize enlightenment and knowledge both day and night eround the world. The chequy represents the unit's tactical and strategic capabilities in counterintelligence. Tne sphinx. is a traditional tnteltligence symbol and indicates observation, wisdom and discreet silence. The Aexagon within a hexagon "6-6" fur- ther distinguishes the numerical designation of the 66th Military Intelligence Group. 43
470th Military Intelligence Group On 12 July 1944, the 470th Counter Intelligence Corps Detach- ment was constituted in the Army of the United States and ac- tivated at Quarry Heights, Panama Canal Zone, on 31 July 1944 with an authorized strength of 10 officers, five warrant officers, and 62 enlisted men. The detachment was assigned to the Caribbean Defense Command. The counterintelligence mission assumed by the 470th CIC Detachment upon activation in 1944 dates to the 1920's. Because of the strategic importance of the canal to this country, the need for counterintelligence protection in the canal zone was recognized comparatively early. In July 1922, two enlisted members of the Corps of Intelligence Police (CIP) were sent to the canal zone at the request of the Panama Canal Department. They were apparently assigned to check on strangers in Panamanian villages and the traffic in explosives in Panama and to investigate persons suspected of subversive activities. Despite repeated efforts by the Office of the Assistant Chief of Staff, G2, Panama Canal Department for enlargement of the CIP in its area, expansion was slow and only four agents were working out of headquarters at Quarry Heights as late as 1940. War in Europe accelerated the expansion of the CIP in Panama. Mounting defense construction in Panama was largely responsi- ble for the increased work load of CIP and the corresponding growth in size of the Panama detachment. More and more civilian contractors and employees had to be cleared for important mili- tary projects, and each new defense establishment multiplied the threat of Axis espionage and sabotage. By April 1942, 59 agents were assigned to the canal zone, and the detachment had been divided into two field offices, one located over the rail- road station in Panania City and the other in the Post Office at Cristobal, Panama Canal Zone. As the unit expanded, additional field offices were added. An effort to centralize the expanding Counter Intelligence Corps assets in the canal zone culminated in the activation of the 470th CIC Detachment in July 1944, Prior to World War II, counterintelligence operations in the Panama Canal Zone were restricted primarily to routine se- curity measures. War changed that. One of the functions which war thrust upon the detachment was travel control of air and ship passengers which netted a wealth of positive intel- ligence throughout the war. 44
On 25 July 1949, the detachment moved to Fort Amador. A signi- ticant internal reorganization occurred within the 470th CIC Detachment on 27 September 1949, An additional 26 personnel were assigned for the purpose of providing support to the Commander in Chief, Caribbean Command. (The 470th CIC Detach- ment itseif was assigned to CG, U.S. Army Caribbean (USAR- CARIB).) This element became known as Special Unit, 470th CIC Detachment and handled investigations exclusive of those on military reservations. On 23 November 1951, the 470th CIC Detachment was allotted to the Regular Army. In October 1952, a second reorganization took place by which the 470th CIC De- tachment was piaced under the operational control of Commander in Chief, Caribbean Command (aithough remaining assigned to the USARCARIB). This eliminated the need for the Special Unit, but at the same time, necessitated an internal provisional CIC unit to be under the operational control of the CG USAR- CARIB and to operate within military installations. Although a part of the 470th CIC Detachment, the provisional CIC unit acted as a separate organization. Later these distinctions were dropped to promote greater administrative efficiency. On 1 January 1957, an augmentation unit, Research Unit 7431), was assigned to the 470th CIC Detachment; this unit was Tater redesignated as the Security Service Detachment on i April 1958 and as Augmentation, 470th Military Intelligence Group on 25 September 1964, The 470th CI€ Detachment was redesignated on 25 July 1961 as the 470th Inteiligence Corps Detachment. On 6 June 1963, the U.S. Army Caribbean Defense Command was replaced by the U.S. Army Forces, Southern Command, and the 470th INTC Detachment was reassigned to the new command. By 14 September 1964, the unit was again redesignated as the 470th Intelligence Corps Group. On 13 November 1964, the following units were assigned to the 470th INTC Group: 471st INTC Detachment (Fort Brooke, Puerto Rico); 508th MI Detachment (Fort Amador); and 610th INTC Detachment (Fort Gulick). By 1973 the last of these units had been either inactivated or reassigned. Because of the discontinuance of the Intelligence Corps in 1966, the unit was once more redesignated on 15 October 1966 as the 470th Military Intelligence Group. In 1974, the 470th MI Group was reassigned to the U.S. Forces Command and on 1 January 1977 to the U.S. Army Intelligence and Security command. On 1 April 1977, the INSCOM Detachment, Southern Command at Fort Clayton, Panama Canal Zone, was assigned to the 470th MI Group and by 1 October 1977, the detachment had been re- 46
located to Fort Amador and its mission integrated into the 470th MI Group. This integration spelled the first significant attempt among INSCOM units to fulfil? the parent organization's charter of providing multidiscipline support. (The INSCOM Detachment, Southern Command, was formally discontinued on 16 November 1978.) For its efforts, the 470th MI Group was named the 1977 recipient of the Travis Trophy, awarded annual- ly to the outstanding service cryptologic unit. The terms of the new canal treaties with Panama, implemented 1 October 1977, directed that all U.S. office space at Fort Amador would be transferred. The 470th MI Group completed its move from Fort Amador, Panama Canal Zone, to Fort Clayton, Panama, on 1 October 1979. On 1 September 1981, Detachment C, 470th was formed as an internal organization upon which a separate field station could emerge. On 20 January 1982, the detachment's personnel were relocated to Galeta Island, Republic of Panama. Here on 1 October 1982, the detachment was discontinued, and the U.S. Army Field Station Panama Organized as a separate unit. Unit Day: 15 October. The 470th MI Group celebrates 15 Octo- ber 1966 as the day the group received its present and most meaningful designation. 46
DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY Lineage and Gonos O700m MILITIA SHTELLIGRACE GROOP Cosetitutee 12 Jaiy 1900 tm tee Orwy of tee Gaited States aa tee 67028 Covater fatelligeuce Corps Sesccament Getseates 3! Jaiy 1900 at Guarrp Seignuts, Cone) teze Blleties 23 Geventer 195! te tse Seguier arer Pesesigzuates 25 July 106" an ten e7Osm Tetelisgeace Corps Setecesent Roorgenined and redesignated 14 Saptamber 1966 oo the e70te Setelligence Corps Croup Sudeniguated 19 Getener 1666 ao tee G7Ota Mirstory Iaterligence Crous Canvares PaSTICIPATION CaLSIT gene escomatsoes Cone SY CODEe OF TRE SRCRETAOT ev Tez ane: Majer Goneres, 938 The S6sutent Gonered SYMBOLIS# Orfental blue and stiver are the colors used for military intelligence. The key, a symbol used for authority, secrecy, end wardenship, refers to the basic mission of the organization. The double wards allude to two aspects of “intelligence” and *counterintelligence™ and the seven rays of the bow to the “revealing light” and to the symbolic reference of the numeral seven to intelligence, security, and wisdom, The torch represents gquid- ance and the fiame an ever active state. The col- or blue {ts used for truth and the red for zeal and valor, . 47
500th Military Intelligence Group Headquarters, 500th Military Intelligence Service Group was constituted 30 June 1952 in the Regular Army; activated 1 September 1952 at Tokyo, Japan; and assigned to the Far East Command. The m'ssion of the 500th MI Service Group was to provide translation service and intelligence support. The 500th MI Service Group assumed the mission and personnel of the concurrently discontinued Military Intelligence Support Group, Far East--successor to the Allied Translator and Interpreter Section, which -had existed since 1942 translating documents in support of U.S. forces in the Pacific. By the end of 1957, the 500th MI Service Group had gone through three redesignations. It had been redesignated on 28 March 1954 as Headquarters, 500th Military Intelligence Group; on 1 July 1955 as Headquarters and Headquarters Company, 500th Military Intelligence Group; and on 24 June 1957 as the 500th Military Intelligence Group. Less than a year later, on 25 March 1958, the 500th MI Group was inactivated. On 25 March 1961, the 500th MI Group (Collection) was reacti- vated at Camp Drake, Japan, and assigned to the U.S. Army, Paci- fic. Effective upon activation, the unit was attached to U.S. Army, Japan for administration and logistics support and plac- ed under the operational control of ACofS, G2, Headquarters, U.S. Army, Facific. Upon activation, the’ 500th MI Group absorbed the mission and personnel of the U.S. Army Command Reconnaissance Activities, Pacific Command (USACRAPAC) (loca- ted at Camp Drake). USACRAPAC, a TDA organization, was redesignated as Augmentation, 500th MI Group. USACRAPAC and its predecessor organizations--the Combined Com- mand for Reconnaissance Activity, Korea (10 December 1951 to 20 September 1953) and the U.S. Army Combined Command for Reconnaissance Activities, Far East (USACRAFE) (20 September . 1953 to 1 July 1957)--emerged as a result of the Korean War to perform field operations intelligence functions. On 1 July 1957, USACRAFE was redesignated USACRAPAC, and on 1 July 1958, USACRAPAC assumed the additional functions of preparing intel- ligence studies and performing translation service from the discontinued U.S. Army Intelligence Support Center at Camp Zama, Japan. Besides the collection and intelligence support mission as- sumed from USACRAPAC, the 500th MI Group gained limited counterintelligence and photographic interpretation functions and the responsibility for the following assigned technical intelligence units: 84th Ordnance Detachment, 589th Quarter- master Detachment, 563d Transportation Detachment, 610th En- 48:
gineer Detachment, and 61st Medical Detachment. Internally, the 500th MI Group was divised into lettered detachments stationed at various locatiors throughout the Pacific and Far East. On 25 July 1961, the 500th MI Group was redesig- nated as the 500th Intelligence Corps Group. In July 1964, the photo interpretation functions were transferred, and on 24 September 1964, the six technical intelligence detach- ments were inactivated. Detachment I, 500th MI Group was one of the first Army intel- ligence elements to serve in Vietnam. From early 1962 through 1966, Detachment I supported the Military Assistance Command, Vietnam in a dual role of advising and assisting the South Vietnamese in intelligence collection and engaging in limited collection activities itseif. Detachment I had 56 officers and enlisted men until its personnel and mission were ultimately absorbed into the 149th MI Group. On 15 December 1965, the headquarters of the 500th MI Group relocated from Japan to Ford Island, Hawaii. The move to Hawaii was dictated by efforts to reduce expenditures affect- ing the international baiance of payments. On 15 Octobder 1966, the 500th Intelligence Corps Group was redesignated as the 500th Military Intelligence Group. The group later relocated on 1 October 1972 to Helemano Military Reserva- tion. While stationed in Hawaii, the 500th MI Group was recognized for its contributions throughout the Pacific area during the Vietnam War; most notably by the Meritorious Unit Commendation (1968-1969) and Meritorious Unit Commendation (1972-1974). The 500th MI Group was relieved from assignment to U.S. Army, Pacific and assigned to the U.S. Army Intelitigence Agency on 1 November 1974. On 15 July 1976, unit headquarters was relocated from Hawaii to Camp Zama, Japan. (Camp Zama's history began in 1935 when the Japanese Diet laid plans for a military academy near the small town of Zama. In late 1937, the completed academy opened its doors to Japanese officer candidates, graduating over 12,000 before closing in 1945.) On 1 January 1977, the U.S. Army Intelligence Agency atong with the 500th MI Group was reassigned to the newly formed U.S. Army Intelligence and Security Command. On 1 October 1977, the group was made directly subordinate to HQ INSCOM, and the 500th MI Group assumed a greater multidiscipline role with the assignment of other INSCOM units beginning on 1 October 1979. In April 1978, the unit received the distinctive designation “Pacific Vanguard." 49
Unit Day: 1 September. The 500th MI Group celebrates its ori- ginal activation of 1 September 1952.
DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY Cinragy and Gonars Sane writers twrC teers eMlye (PACTPIC VARGLARD) Cormtstetod 3 June 1082 tn tp Regelor Arey os Sapemerters. S80te Mitr Tote) ligmace seresee Gwe G@ttentee | feptamee 052 ot Youse. doeer Revers tqnatee FE farce 104 as apcmmerters. SOMA B liters tote! igence brow Qrovitqutes | Joly THIS Os mananen ters OAS Mateus tors Conmeny. IDLO Military Tetettigence Geeup Qpartgrstod PO ae 104) os tae SON Hitters eteliigace trues faacttentss FF meen 1008 te Jepee fatteotes PS curce 186) t0 sper Gworstgnctee Tt duty 106) os Cae SEO letel i tgonce Cores Greet Gwenn iqates th Guana 1006 0: tier $OOte MiTitecs Leteltsqpnce Erne Calas COSTICIOATION CaOIT mere @cona' iors Mar scor tent UP't Cammmndet ren, Siramme quereiéeres PACIFIE OMIA 10GB. 1969 Gwe tte7 seus Wit Commensetion, Stommaer GMbrereures PACIFIC QML A 19721978 Ov ents of ha weaver @ ne Ey ec nee 7 Orrqnere- Geneve , Teo Sj teat rea SYMBOLISM The background is ortental blue--the color used by Army intelligence units. Service in Korea is indicated by the red and blue Taeguk of the Republic of Korea and service in Taiwan #5 indi- cated by the white sun which appears upon the Republic of China flag. The unit’s tong service fin Japan $3 commemorated by the stlihouette of Mount Fuji. The palm tree is for service in the Philippines. The bamboo trees allude to service in the Republic of Vietnam, the Siamese headdress to service in Thailand,
Headquarters & Headquarters Company, 501st Military I[ntelligence Group Constituted on 13 October 1950 in the Regular Army as Head- quarters and Headquarters Company, 501st Communication Recon- naissance Group, the unit was activated on 20 October 1950 at Camp Pickett, Virginia, and assigned to the Army Security Agency (ASA). On 29 May 1951, the 501st Comm Recon Group transferred from Camp Pickett to Camp Stoneman, California, for staging to Pusan, Korea. The 501st Comm Recon Group arrived at Pusan, Korea, on 25 June 1951. The unit spent the next four days in the Pusan assembly area tent city awaiting sea transportation to Inchon. The SOlst Comm Recon Group arrived at Inchon Bay on 1 July 1951 and travelled by motor convoy to Seoul where a temporary headquarters was established in a two-story brick residential home located at Ka Hea Dong, Seoul. On 13 July 1951, the group headquarters moved into the war-damaged main building of the Kyanggi Middle School, Seoul. By 15 July 1951, the 50lst Comm Recon Group had assumed administrative and opera- tional control of all ASA units in Korea. The 501st Comm Recon Group represented a first of its kind and a milestone in intelligence support to U.S. tactical troops. The Korean War presented ASA with an opportunity to test its newly formed doctrine in support of a field army. ASA activated the 50ist Comm Recon Group to direct the operations of ASA support units in the Korean Theater, coor- dinating all ASA activities at each of the lower echelons. By the end of hostilities in July 1953, the group had three battalions and five companies assigned. Actual strength of officers and enlisted men totaled more than 1,600. Besides the numerous citations awarded its subordinate units, Hq & Hq Company, 50lst Comm Recon Group received the Meritorious Unit Commendation (1 July 1951 to 27 July 1953) and the Republic of Korea Presidential Unit Citation (15 July 1951 to 30 April 1953) and credit for participation in six cam- paigns. On 1 July 1956, Headquarters and Headquarters Company, 501st Comm Recon Group was redesignated as Headquarters and Head- quarters Company, 501st Army Security Agency Group. On 15 October 1957, the 501st ASA Group was inactivated and its personnel and mission transferred to the concurrently organ- ized 508th USASA Group, a TOA organization, as part of a
worldwide reorganization occurring within the Army Secur- ity Agency to provide greater flexibility in support to tactical units. On 1 January 1978, the Headquarters and Headquarters Company, 50lst ASA Group was redesignated the Headquarters and Head- quarters Company, S5O0lst Military Intelligence Group and acti- vated at Yongsan, Korea. The group took the place of the temporary 501lst MI Group (Provisional), organized at Camp Coiner on 1 April 1977 as part of the major reorganization within Army intelligence which merged individual disciplines into one organization. Subordinate to the U.S. Army Intel- ligence and Security Command, the 501st MI Group exercises administrative control over INSCOM units in Korea and provides intelligence and security support to Headquarters, Eighth U.S. Army throughout Korea. -On 28 September 1984, the unit completed a move from Camp Coiner to Seoul, Korea. Unit Day: 20 October. The 50lst MI Group celebrates the day in commemoration of its original activation on 20 October 1950.
OEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY Lineage and Banos OPES at ETAIQUAPTES? Company $0i00 QILIasy ieTeLLiCEsts éecus Conaritered 2) Grreter 3050 in ine Beever At07 os Ogegecervers one Guedecattors Compeay, S8iet Commynicetion Berenasiesence 6: Gztieated 29 Grteeer 1086 ot Cong Pigdott, Virgunsre Peerqeriaed and redeciqueted 2 Jeiy $036 se Geegeverters ond Coedquertere Cenpery, Séj0t Arey Secerity dquery Crave Snartseated 3% Geveper 3937 ot Susce, Servs Bedenignated 1 Jemusty 3970 90 Bestenattere ond Beodesarters Canpery, SOler Bssatery Saretlseency Croup ood ocrivsred sp Betes CORPALED PaseICPaTias Cassie attencive woe cnalee Sacone Gereer inter GarecaTians Berizesioes Unit Comsvedstion. Gtreawe: aumcoiéered Cones Repudire of Sores Srestentio) Onis Citation, Gereemer ounseitersd eneta 3031-3005 . “ lo Oriqedier Gonsre), GA The adjetont Genera) SYMBOLISM Oriental Blue and gray (stiver) ere the branch cotors of military intelligence. The red dragen represents the Orient and the lineage of the SOlst Military Intelligence Group. The lightning bolt signiftes worldwide electrical communication eed the key symbolizes security and cantrol; crossed in saitire, they represent strength and symbolize Army security and intelligence united. The swords are adapted from the Military Intel- ligence Branch insignia. Their colors, white and black, signify day and night and the continuous mission of the SOist Military Intelligence Group. 84
Headquarters and Headquarters Company 513th Military Intelligence Group On 22 October 1952, the 513th Military Inteltigence Service Group was constituted in the Regular Army, and on 15 January 1953, was activated at Oberursel, Germany (Camp King). The 513th MI Svc Group was assigned to the U.S. Army, Europe and replaced 2 TD organization, the 7077th USAREUR Intelligence Center. In its administrative and intelligence support rele, the 513th MI Svc Group managed an interrogation center for refugees, resettlers, and repatriates; collected documents; issued reports; and oversaw technical intelligence detach- ments. On 20 October 1953, the 513th MI Sve Group was rede- signated the 513th Military Intelligence Group. The mission of the 513th MI Group changed in early 1954 when it gained responsibility for field operations intelligence (FOI), a newly recognized discipline within the Army. To handle the mission, a part of which was transferred from the 66th CIC Group, the 522d MI Battalion was activated on 27 July 1954 and assigned to the 513th MI Group. Aithough the 513th MI Group exercised administrative control over the 522d MI Battalion, USAREUR held operational control. It was not until August 1958 upon the inactivation of the 522d MI Battalion that the 513th MI Group gained operational control over the FUI functions and personnel who were absorbed into the 513th MI Group's internal organization. Because of its specialized mission and need for flexibility, the 513th MI Group was organized into a variety of provisional organizations (battalions, companies, detachments) from 1957 on. The 513th MI Group's mission again changed with the acquisition of counterintelligence functions on 1 November 1959 when USAREUR divided the counterintelligence and field operations intelligence/area intelligence functions between the 66th CIC Group and the 513th MI Group, the latter covering northern Germany to include Berlin. This division was short lived due to the inherent coordination problems. On 25 July 1961, the 513th MI Group was redesignated as the 513th Intelligence Corps Group. On 1 April 1962, another realignment of intelligence units in Germany witnessed the 513th INTC Group taking over the mission of area intelligence for the entire geographical area of Germany. On 28 December 1963, the 513th INTC Group assumed the personnel and area intelligence mission of the 163d MI Battalion, which had
been in support of the Southern European Task Force. Qn 15 October 1966, the 513th INTC Group was again redesignated as the 513th Military Intelligence Group. As a result of a major reorganization and consolidation of Army intelligence assets in Europe, the 513th MI Group was moved from Camp King, Oberursel, Germany, to McGraw Kaserne, Munich, Germany, in October 1968. During the previous month, the 66th MI Group had been relocated from Stuttgart, Germany, to Munich. It was determined that the 656th MI Group, the senior of the units, would remain, and that the 513th MI Group be inactivated. Over the following nine months, the personnel and mission of the 513th MI Group were merged with those of the 66th MI Group, culminating in the formal inacti- vation of the 513th MI Group on 25 June 1969. Redesignated as Headquarters and Headquarters Company, 513th Military Intelligence Group, the unit was reactivated at Fort Monmouth, New Jersey, on 2 October 1982, although a carrier unit had been activated as early as 2 April 1982 to receive the assignment of personnel and equipment. In its new role, the Hq & Hq Company, 513th MI Group, and its subordinate units are to furnish active Army units throughout CONUS with intelligence, security, and electronic warfare support and provide the intelligence units of the Army Reserve with train- ing support. In March 1984, the unit received the distinctive designation "Vigilant Knights.” Unit Day: 15 October. The Hq & Hq Company, 513th MI Group celebrates 15 October 1966, the date it received its present and most meaningful designation.
SEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY Lineage and Honors MBvowanztyes cet GaseaskTaes Comrasy Stdce NLLITAOT ISTE. SRECE CVOIP {VUCIESOT EOIG8T3: Couatsuactee 22 Sccensr 1942 68 see Sequiar dvuy so the $'380 Mii itery Rererisgeace Service Greve Getsvetes 19 donner 1053 ts Goreery Seergoeiace ens rasesigestas 80 Getover 8993 ap the TI}te Military Tetes..geste Grows . ‘ foa7gsained ave reser gates ¥S duly 160" as toe $1300 Sacersagerce Cerse ress Seewetgeeios *$ Gesoner 1064 as Coo $130B Military Ierediigesre Erecp Reactivstes 29 June 1009 te Gereeny Seeverqueree # Gerecer 1002 oo Sedceartere eee Seacgusrtere Consens. P'30e MLILtery Betesisgesce Croup. Oue acticatos at Fert Rengeuta, Bev soresy Camvaree PATICIPATIOS CAEDiT @eee Baceeatzees Gens ST CORED OF TES SSCeETsnt OF TUS ctat. fee se:uteet Geners, SYMBOLISM The Teutonic helmet with crown are allusions to Camp King in Oberursel, Germany, and its front facing position suggests alertness and vigilance, The Yaurel branches on either side are symbolic of honor and achievement, In the collar the colors black and white denote the two types of intelli- gence collection provided by the group ard the repetition of the pattern indicates the overall coverage of Europe. 87
902d Military Intelligence Group The 902d Counter Intelligence Corps Detachment was consti- tuted in the Army of the United States on 14 October 1944 and activated on 23 November at Hollandia, New Guinea, in the Southwest Pacific. Records indicate that the unit was attached to Headquarters Troop, 112th Cavalry Regimental Combat Team. (The 112th Cav Reg Combat Team was a dismounted Texas National Guard unit.) Although the exact mission of the unit is unknown, CIC elements within the area were usually involved with some or all of the following functions: general security; document collection; and arrest and inter- rogation of enemy agents and collaborators. The unit departed Hollandia and arrived at Luzon, Philippine Islands, on 10 June. As in New Guinea, the exact details of the 902d CIC Detachment's activities in the Philippines are not recorded, but it was still attached to the 112th Cavalry Regimental Combat Team. It was under the operational control of the 306th CIC Detachment, and administratively subordinate to the 441st CIC Detachment. It is known that much of the 306th CIC Detachment's attention during this period was devoted to dealing with the Philippine guerrillas, many of whom provea extremely helpful in combating the Japanese. On the basis of its assignment in the theater, the 902d CIC Detachment was awarded the New Guinea and Luzon Campaign participation credits and the Philippine Presidential Unit Citation, Streamer embroidered 17 October 1944 to 4 July 1945. Disbanded on 22 July 1945, the 902d CIC Detachment was recon- stituted on 13 November 1947, allotted to the Organized Re- serves, and assigned to Fourth Army. On 28 November, the unit was formally activated at Fort Smith, Arkansas. Approximately one and a half years later, the unit was attached to the 2d Battalion, 379th Infantry at Fort Smith for administration and training. Throughout its existence as a Reserve unit, until its inactivation on 2 November 1949, the 902d CIC Detachment was allotted a strength of four officers and four warrant officers, On 3 January 1952, the 902d CIC Detachment was withdrawn from the Organized Reserve Corps and allotted to the Regular Army. Five days later on 8 January, the unit was again activated; this time at Fort Holabird, Maryland. The acti- vation of the the 902d CIC Detachment came as a result of two forces. First, the commandant of the CIC School perceived a@ need to create a unit which could professionally handle the the administrative responsibilities of providing support to
sensitive operations. Yntrained Support personnel at the school had attempted to perform the duties in the past. Secondly, developments in the field of counterintelligence operations had reached the point where it was impossible for the Assistant Chief of Staff, G-2 to provide adequate counterintelligence coverage for the Army worldwide without the availability of a special organization to handle unusual cases under his direct control. In view of these conditions. it was considered desirable to combine such special operations at a centralized location, thus making it possible for one unit, the 902d CIC Detachment, to train individuals for special projects and maintain the necessary administrative control of these and other miscellaneous projects, many of which were transitory in nature. It was also considered desirable to absorb the activity of the 118th CIC Detachment, the investigative arm of the ACofS, G2 at the Pentagon, into the 902d CIC Detachment so that ail CIC operations in direct support of DA would be centralized under a single administra- tive control. In addition, the 902d CIC Detachment was to supplement counterintelligence support being given by already assigned CIC resources in the various Army areas in a manner that would not infringe upon the command responsibilities and authority of the Army commanders. The unit would be available upon request to the Army areas and overseas CIC detachments and wouid serve as an auxiliary to provide individuals tech- nically and linguistically qualified for special one-time as- . Signments. Finally, the 902d CIC Detachment provided cover Support when needed by CIC detachments within the Army areas. On 1 June 1955, the 902d CIC Detachment moved from Building 23, Fort Holabird, to Wing 2, Temporary A Building at 2d and T Streets SW., Washington, D.C. Effective 26 October 1955, the 902d CIC Detachment was assigned the administrative designation of Army Assistance Group, 8592d Administrative Area Unit (AAU). On 1 May 1956, it was designated Army Assistance Group (8592). None of these were considered to be official redesignations, however. Officially, the detachment became the 902d Counter Intelligence Corps Group effective 15 Decem- ber 1957. In turn, the 902d CIC Group became the 902d Intel- ligence Corps Group on 25 July 1961. Finally, the unit was redesignated as the 902d Military Intelligence Group effective 15 Uctober 1966, As the mission of the 902d MI Group increased in scope, its requirement for space also increased. Temporary relief was effected on 21 March 1961 when the administrative assistant to the Secretary of Defense arranged for the immediate as- signment of five rooms in Wing 6 of Tempo A. Over the next
few years, the 902d MI Group made repeated attempts to acquire additional space for security purposes but to no avail. Finally, by April 1968, the 902d MI Group relocated to Bailey's Crossroads, Falls Church, Virginia. The group's traditional direct subordination to ACSI was changed in 1969 when General William C. Westmoreland, the Army Chief of Staff, initiated a policy to reduce the direct influence of Department of the Army staffs on operations. The prevailing view was that it was not the place of a DA staff to become directly involved operationaily nor should the large administrative allotments necessary to be oper- ational be maintained at that tevel. At the time, the Assis- tant Chief of Staff, Intelligence exercised a great deal of direct operational influence through his many Class II Activ- ities. Major General Joseph A. McChristian, then the ACSI supported Westmoreland's concept, and. consequently, many ACSI Class II Activities were realigned under commands. On 31 December 1969, the group was reassigned to the U.S. Army Intel- ligence Command, which was located at Fort Holabird. How- ever, because of the 902d MI Group's unique worldwide mission, the ACSI had to remain the decision making authority for many actions. From World War II until October 1972 when the Defense Investi- gative Service (DIS) was formed, the emphasis of CONUS count- erintelligence was on conducting background investigations. When DIS assumed the personnel security investigative mission, the Army's CONUS counterintelligence forces faced the task of reorienting to other functions. The U.S. Army Intelligence Command gradually refocused on security assistance and educa- tion and development of internal counterintelligence programs. Between 9 January 1973 (the discontinuance of the U.S. Army Field Activities Command) and 1 July 1974 (the organization of the U.S. Army Intelligence Collection Detachment), the 902d MI Group also performed residual field operations intel- ligence functions. On 30 June 1974, the U.S. Army Intelligence Command was discontinued, and the U.S. Army Intelligence Agency organized on 1 July as a field operating agency of OACSI. The 902d was concurrently assignec to the newly established USAINTA and relocated from Falls Church, Virginia, to Fort George G. Meade, Maryland. At the same time, the CI functions within CONUS were divided between the newly activated 525th MI Group at the Presidio of San Francisco, California, in the west and the 902d MI Group in the east. (The U.S. Army Operational Security Group at Fort George G. Meade also had a CI mission.) Practically speaking, the 902d MI Group was
relieved of its worldwide CI role and assumed an area cover- age which had previously been performed by the recently inactivated 109th MI Group. In an attempt to provide more meaningful and realistic support to Army commanders, the 902d MI Group began programs which would provide an operations security (OPSEC) emphasis. This change from a single to a multidiscipline approach was widely acclaimed by DA, DOD, and the Intelligence Organization and Stationing Study (10SS) Group, which was created in 1974 to examine the Army's intel- ligence organizations in order to improve support to Army commanders. Qn the bas.s of the final I0SS report in 1975, the Chief of Staff, U.S. Army established the U.S. Army Intelligence and Security Command on 1 January 1977 to con- duct intelligence and counterintetligence operations in sup- port of the Army at echelon above corps (EAC). The signal security, operations security support, and counterintelligence portions of the INSCOM support mission in CONUS, Alaska, Puerto Rico, and (as directed) overseas were delegated to a Single counterintelligence/SIGSEC group--the 902d MI Group, which was reassigned to INSCOM on 1 January 1977, Prior to the establishment of INSCOM, SIGSEC functions within CONUS were being performed by the U.S. Army Security Agency and its subordinate U.S. Army Security Activity, Vint Hill Farms, Virginia. In turn, the Signal Security Activity had three detachments: Region I (Vint Hill Farms Station), Region III] (Fort Sam Houston), and Region IV (Presidio of San Fran- cisco. To bring all these CI/SIGSEC assets together, the 902d MI Group {CI/OPSEC) (Provisional) was organized on 1 July 1977 aiong with three provisional battalions: the 91st MI Battalion (Fort George G. Meade), 92d MI Battalion (Fort Sam Houston), and 93d MI Battalion (Presidio of San Francisco). On 1 January i97€, the reorganization wat complete, and the provisional units were discontinued, (At the same time, the 525th MI Group was also inactivated.) Concurrently, a number of subordinate units were constructed upon TDA's of the former CI and SIGSEC units and made subordinate to the 902d MI Group to include the following: CI/ SIGSEC Support Battalion, Fort Sam Houston; CI/SIGSEC Support Battalion, Presidio of San Francisco; and CI/SIGSEC Support Battalion, Fort George G. Meade, Maryland. On 1 October 1984, a major reorganization occurred within the 902d MI Group. CI/SIGSEC Support Battalion, Fort Sam Houston was discontinued and its mission divided between the remaining two CI/SIGSEC battalions which were concurrently redesignated as the U.S. Army INSCOM Military Intelligence Battalion (Counterintelligence) West Coast and the U.S. Army INSCOM Military Intelligence Battalion (Counterintelligence) East Coast. At the same time, the U.S. Army INSCOM Security: 61
Support Detachment, a subordinate element of the 902 MI Group, was redesignated the U.S. Army INSCOM Military In- telligence Battalion (Security). This unit had been in a provisional status since 7 April 1980. In addition to the battalions, the 902d MI Group continued to oversee a number of other smaller subordinate units. In June 1983, the 902d MI Group received the distinctive designation "The Deuce." Unit Day: 23 November. The 902d MI Group annually celebrates its original activation date of 23 November 1944, 72
DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY Linrage and Gonos Ole WIITANT WTELLICEESE ERCP (ves otecs: Soestituted 16 Sxconer ‘Gee se the erey ef bbe Heited Ssotes ae tee S576 Counter Svtetisgence Cores Betecemer: SELsCOtee 23 Bovesver 190s ot Geiiessis, Sev Guince Ssevences 22 duip 100% om tusee, Passinpine Seinnds Pecenstitutes 13 Gevesner "Ge? sn te Organizes Reserves as tne 9026 Counter iatelisgence Corps Setecemest ens assignec te tee Fourte are, Sctivated 26 Gevouner "Ge? ot Fort saith, Srsnnsse (Orgenrses Penerves rasesigaciocs 29 March 108 an ths Orgensees toserve Corse Beoctsvaces F Goveuner 5009 ot Port Sarthe. Arusnase B:tecroun 3 damusry '932 Free tee Organizes Generve Corps ane esietten te ee Segeise Srey ScCivetes © danvery *952 ot Port Eelaviré, Maryiene ‘ Sudunagusies 1$ Seceever 195° an the BH26 Conmter Jatetisgence Cores rcus Reseorgnetes 25 July 96" as tue $028 Iateliigesce Cores Craup Medessgusted '$ Octenar 8000 ae the OL2¢ Wisstery Sateliigerce Gress CAMPATSR PARTIES PalIOM Cagsse wer. war ee Guiness sen seconatioes fers spesae JGORTIO] Cast Crtotien. Streamer ewscesseree t* OCTIPTe VGee Too SLT Oy CHSES OF TRE SECAETAPT OF TUE anes mR Boate: =fek @arer Generas, 638 Whe SCjutant Seneral SYMBOLISM The sun rays allude to the awarded Philippine Presidential Unit Citation and to the unit's World War II service in New Guinea and Luzon. The knight, a@ chess piece shaped like a horse's head, symbolizes the group's ability to make strategic moves while checking any hostile infil- tration and advancement. The color red is used to symbolize courage, zeal, and awareness and with the alternating gold squares refers to the unit's counterintelligence mission, Oriental blue is a color used by the military intelli- gence.
3d Military Intelligence Battalion On 1 June 1966, the 146th Aviation Company was constituted in the Regular Army and activated at Saigon, Vietnam. The company was assigned to the U.S. Army Security Agency. The company's complement of aircraft consisted of six U-6's, seven U-8 "Seminoles," and one CV-2B "Caribou." The CV-28 platform, known as PATHFINDER, was largely an experimental system which was operational only from January 1966 to April 1967 and then was turned over to the U.S. Air Force. Facil- ities of the 146th Aviation Company at Tan Son Nhut Air Base in Saigon were divided into three areas: aircraft maintenance on the flight line; mission operations at the 509th Radio Research (RR) Group headquarters; and the 146th Aviation Company headquarters and billeting area at Davis Station. The company took over a mission that was already in prog- ress. Beginning with its first operational flight of a U-6 "Beaver" fixed-wing aircraft in WNarch 1962, the 3d Radio Research Unit--the U.S. Army Security Agency's first unit to deploy to South Vietnam--had launched a new era of support by the agency. Eventually, the buildup of U.S. for- ces within country led to the discontinuance of the 3d RRU and the organization of the 509th RR Group in its place on 1 June 1966. The 224th Aviation Battalion was simultan- eously activated under the 509th RR Group and took the place of the former 3d RRU Aviation Branch at Tan Son Nhut. Four aviation companies were activated on the same day and made subordinate to the battalion, each of the companies taking the place of the aviation detachments of the former 3d RRU. The 146th Aviation Company was substituted for the detachment at Tan Son N=ct. The 146th Aviation Company was in support of the II Field Force Vietnam and flew its missions in the III Corps Tacti- cal Zone. The company was quickly recognized for its con- tribution to the U.S. forces effort. For example, in Novem- ber 1966, the Ist Infantry Division attributed a large measure of the success of Operation ATTLEBORO to the ef-. forts of the 146th Aviation Company. At the time, ATTLE- BORO was the largest ground operation in the Vietnam War. During its years of active service in Vietnam, the 146th Aviation Company suffered no casualties. However, on 12 February 1969, one of the 146th Aviation Company's U-1A's carrying two aviators and two operators was downed by hostile fire near Tay Ninh, which lies close to the Viet- nam/Cambodia border. After a brief fire fight, the crew me ‘ rt
was captured. Although the crew was momentarily detained, the four were returned to U.S. Army control on 12 May. Of ail the companies assigned to the 224th Aviation Battal- ion, the 146th Aviation Company was unique in the variety of aircraft flown by its members. Besides the initially assigned U-6's, U-8's, and CV-2B, the 146th Aviation Company also flew the U-1A “Otter"; the U-1A platforms known as CAFE GIRL/LAFFING OTTER were assigned to 146th from March 1967 to January 1971. In December 1968, the LAFFING EAGLE U-21 "Ute" arrived. ; In January 1970, Hq & Hq Detachment, 224th Aviation Battal- ion was relocated along with the 146th Aviation Company from Ton Son Nhut Air Base in Saigon to Long Thanh North Army Airfield in Bien Hoa Province. By July 1970, the actual strength of the company had reached 21 officers, 25 warrant officers, and 149 enlisted men. Organizationally, the company had four flight platoons subordinated to the commander along with flight operations, mission opera- ations, service/avionics, and supply sections. In 1972, the drawdown of ASA‘'s airborne assets in Vietnam began. The 224th ASA Battalion divided aircraft by type between the 138th and 146th Aviation Companies, assigning all U-8's to the 146th Aviation Company and U-21's to the 138th Aviation Company. (The 146th Aviation Company had already given up its U-6's in 1971.) This aided maintenance since the required navigational system support facilities were located near the respective type of aircraft. Under the new concept, the 146th Aviation Company had responsibil- ity for both the II and IV Cerps Tactical Zones (CTZ). The increased enemy activity in the spring and summer of 1972, coupled with the drawdown of U.S. combat units, placed some units in a vulnerable position to enemy attacks, and necessitated the 146th Aviation Company's relocation from Long Thanh to Can Tho over a 48-hour period. Despite log- istical problems surrounding the move, the mission assign- ments continued to be met on a timely basis. After its arrival at Can Tho, the 146th Aviation Company limited its support to the IV CTZ. When cease-fire finally arrived at 0800 hours, 28 January 1973, the drawndown plans went into effect. On the 17th of February, the 146th Aviation Company was inactivated and its U-8's were turned in at Vung Tau. In a message dated 26 February 1973, the Commander in Chief, Pacific summed up the contribution of ASA's airborne effort: “As the 138th and 146th Aviation Companies departure from South Vietnam nears, I wish to express my appreciation for outstanding performance. Your operations were of major significance."
On 1 July 1974, the 146th Aviation Company was redesignated the 146th Army Security Agency Company (Aircraft) (GUARD- RAIL IV) and again assigned to the U.S. Army Security Agency. The company was activated the same date at Pyong Taek, Korea (Camp Humphreys). The first GUARDRAIL IV aircraft arrived in October 1974, and by March 1975, was operational. On 6 November 1974, the main body of the 146th ASA Company re- located to Taegu Air Base, Taegu, Korea, some i70 miles to the southeast of Pyong Taek, although some elements remained at Camp Humphreys. On 1 January 1977, the company was assign- ed to the Army Security Agency's successor, the U.S. Army Intelligence and Security Command. On 15 October 1978, the 146th ASA Company was relocated to Zoeckler Station at Camp Humphreys. The move was necessita- ted by the major reorganization within the Army in which INSCOM, a multidiscipline command assumed responsibilities for the 704th MI Detachment (Aerial Surveillance), also based at Pyong Taek. On 16 May 1979, the 704th MI Detachment was formally inactivated, and its assets transferred to the 146th ASA Company. This represented the first time that all types of Army fixed-wing exploitation capabilities were consoli- dated within a company size unit. Although the 146th ASA Company was not inactivated, the 146th Military Intelligence Battalion (Aerial Exploitation) (Provisional) was organized on 15 December 1979 to reflect the increased mission responsibilities of the company. The provisional battalion consisted of the Headquarters and Service Company, A Company, and B Company, and the companies were organized around their specific missions. As during its previous deployment to Vietnam, the 146th ASA Company's contributions to the United States effort in Korea were widely acclaimed. The Army Aviation Association of America selected the 146th ASA Company as the Army Avia- tion Unit of the Year for 1979, and the Association of Old Crows awarded the 146th ASA Company with its 1980 Outstand- ing Unit Medal. On 16 June 1982, the 146th ASA Company was redesignated as Headquarters, Headquarters and Service Company of the newly activated 3d Military Intelligence Battalion. The 146th MI Battalion (Provisional) was discontinued concurrently. Unit Day: None registered with the Center of Military His- tory.
Company A, 3d Military Intelligence Battalion The 704th Counter Intelligence Corps Detachment was consti- tuted on 25 September 1950 in the Regular Army and acti- vated on 6 October 1950 at Pusan, Korea. The unit was created as part of a general restructing of counterintel- ligence assets in Korea. At the outbreak of the Korean War, the 441st Counter Intelligence Corps Detachment, which furnished CIC coverage for Japan, hastily formed 17-man combat teams for the Eighth Army elements for immediate Korean service. One team known as the 44ist CIC Detachment Port Team arrived in the Korean port city of Pusan on 6 July 1950. Upon arrival, the team was responsible for furnishing security coverage for the city. It was quickly recognized that a larger size detachment was required at Pusan. On 6 October, the 441st CIC Detachment Port Team was discontinued, and the 704th CIC Detachment was. activated in its place, assigned to the Eighth Army, and at- tached to the 2d Logistical Command. The detachment was authorized 16 officers, 14 warrant officers, and 42 enlisted men and was composed largely of men formerly with the 441st CIC Detachment in Japan. Headquarters was at Pusan with suboffices maintained in Masan and Koje-do; the area of re- sponsibility included the southern tip of the Korean penin- sula. In the headquarters office at Pusan, the biggest job for a- gents was providing port and personnel security. Surveys of port facilities were run at regular intervals, and agents routinely patrolled troop congregation points and the docks. Liaison contacts with shipmasters proved a valuable source of strategic and tactical intelligence. Positive intelli- gence activities of the detachment ranged from covering holiday demonstrations to obtaining civilian opinions of interest at high military levels. The 704th CIC Detachment had little to do with refugees, but left their screening and detection in large part to Korean National Police. The unit did establish informant nets within refugee camps to pick up order of battle in- formation and to establish a source for identification of enemy agents, but actual handling of the refugees was left to Korean National Police. At least three operating rings were brought to the attention of CIC through infor- mants, and in every case Korean police handled civilians involved, calling on CIC only for supervisory assistance and aid in interrogation. 67
The guerilla problem was another challenge. éEven during the Japanese occupation, guerrilla bands had flourished in the Chiri-San area of South Central Korea. As the UN troops broke out from the Pusan perimeter and advanced north, North Korean troops cut off behind the lines took to the Chiri-San hills and joined the existing guerrillas, cre- ating forces of over 30,000 men in the mountainous area to the rear of UN armies. The job of keeping tab on the aisposition and activities of these groups fell upon the 704th CIC Detachment. Finally, the 704th CIC Detachment played a significant role in Operation BIG SWITCH which took place from 29 July to 10 September 1953. During the 34-day period, the 704th CIC Detachment implemented the security measures at Inchon where over 3,000 repatriates moved through its area of responsibility. On 28 March 1955, the 704th CIC Detachment was inactivated. For its service during the Korean War, the detachment received two Republic of Korea Presidential Unit Citations (19 September 1950 to 31 July 1952 and 11 July 1952 to 1 October 1953), the Meritorious Unit Commen- dation (11 Juty 1952 to 11 September 1953), and credit for participation in nine campaigns. . The 704th CIC Detachment was redesignated the 704th Intel- ligence Corps Detachment on 28 Necember 1961 and activated at Saigon, Vietnam, on 25 January 1962. The unit was assigned to the 500th Intelligence Corps Group and attached to the U.S. Military Assistance Advisory Group (MAAG), Vietnam. The 704th INTC Detachment, the first Intelligence Corps type unit to be assigned in Vietnam, served as a small counterintelligence force of 46 men. It was also engaged in limited counterespionage, countersabotage, and countersubversion activities. On 31 March 1963, the detach- ment headquarters moved into a large compound located at #10 Hoang Hoa Tham, Gia Dinh Province. This nonmilitary, chateau-type compound located in a residential community on the outskirts of Saigon was of sufficient size to provide billets, offices, a mess, and a recreational area. On 7 March 1966, the 704th INTC Detachment was inactivated in- country. Its personnel and mission were absorbed into Company B, 519th MI Battalion. The 704th INTC Detachment received credit for participation in the Advisory and Defense campaigns. On 1 November 1966, the 704th INTC Detachment was redesigna- ted the 704th Military Intelligence Detachment and activated at Camp Zama, Japan, on 15 March 1967, With a strength of
eight officers, eight warrant officers, and 45 enlisted men, the unit was assigned to the U.S. Army, Pacific. Effective 15 June 1972, the unit was inactivated. On 25 September 1976, the 704th MI Detachment was activated at Pyong Taek, Korea, and assigned to the Eighth Army. Upon activation, the 704th MI Detachment assumed a totally new mission of aerial surveillance. On 1 July 1977, the detach- ment was relieved from the Eighth U.S. Army and assigned to the U.S. Army Intelligence and Security Command. The unit was formally inactivated at Pyong Taek on 16 May 1979 when its resources and personnel were transferred to the 146th ASA Company, consolidating all airborne assets under one organization. Effective 16 June 1982, the 704th MI De- tachment was redesignated Company A, 3d Military Intel- ligence Battalion and activated at Pyong Taek.
Company 8, 3d Military Intelligence Battalian The 1002d Counter Intelligence Corps Detachment was consti- tuted in the Army of the United States on 7 July 1945 and ac- tivated in Paris, France, on 25 July. The unit left Le Havre on board the Henry Gibbons on 6 October for assignment with the CIC Center, Holabird Signal Depot, Maryland. On 24 Janu- ary 1946, the 1002d was disbanded. The 1002d Counter Intelligence Corps Detachment was recon- stituted in the Regular Army and redesignated the 442d Coun- ter Intelligence Corps Detachment on 7 December 1950 after the outbreak of the Korean War. The detachment was assigned to the Far East Command upon activation on 20 December 1950 at Seoul, Korea. Upon activation, the unit took over control of the assets and mission of the 442d CIC Detachment (Provision- al), which had been organized in Korea in August 1950. The actual strength at the time of activation was 11 officers, eight warrant officers,’ and 22 enlisted men. The mission of the 442d CIC Detachment included exercising operational control of the Far East Command Liaison Group; special opera- tional requirements designated by ACofS, G2 Far East Command; and intelligence and related controlled activities. On 1 August 1951, all personnel were piaced on detached service with the Far East Command Liaison Netachment, Korea, 8240th Army Unit, a TDA organization. On 25 December 1951, the 442d CIC Detachment was formally inactivated at Taegu, Korea. For its service, the detachment received credit for the fol- Towing campaigns: CCF Intervention, First UN Counteroffen- sive, CCF Spring Offensive, UN Summer-Fall Offensive, and Second Korean Winter. On 26 March 1965, the 442d CIC Detachment was redesignated as the 542d Intelligence Corps Detachment and assigned to the Second U.S. Army. With an authorized strength of three offi- cers, one warrant officer, and 10 enlisted men, the unit was activated on 7 April 1965 at Fort George G. Meade, Mary- Tand but was inactivated nine months later on 1 December. The 542d Intelligence Corps Detachment was activated again on 19 December 1969 with an authorized strength of 10 offi- cers, one warrant officer, and 31 enlisted men at Fort Bragg, North Carolina. On 29 December 1969, the 542d Intelligence Corps Detachment was redesignated the 542d Military Intelli- gence Detachment. The unit relocated on 12 September 1970 from Fort Bragg to Aberdeen Proving Grounds, Maryland. On 1 July 1973, the unit was attached to Company D, 519th MI Battalion (Field Army) at Aberdeen Proving Grounds. At 70
the same time, the detachment was assigned to the newly cre- ated U.S. Army Forces Command. On 19 November 1973, the 542d MI Detachment was inactivated. Effective 16 June 1982, the 542d MI Detachment was redesig- nated Company B, 3d Military Intelligence Battalion and as- signed to the U.S. Army Intelligence and Security Command with an entirely new mission of aerial surveillance. On the-same date, the untt was activated at Pyong Taek, Korea. 71
STATEMENT OF SERVICE 36 MILITARY INTELLIGENCE BATTALION Constitutes 1 June 1966 in the Regular Arey es the teétn Aviation Compasy end activates in Vietnas Inactivatec 17 Fepruary 1973 in Vietoos Converted ans Pedesignated t July 1976 as tne 166th Bray Security Agency Company and activates in Korea Reorganizes ans Pedesignsted 16 June 1982 as Neasquarters, Meodquarters and Service Somsery, 36 Military Intesiigesce Battalion; eocurrer.ciy, thea T0etn (see ANSEX 1) and Sece (sue ANNEX 2, B... tee Jnteiligence Detachsents Pedesignsted as Coapsr:es A anc B, 3c Miditary Zatelsigence Battaison, Pespectively, ané activated in Korea Conatituted 25 September 1950 in the Regular Army as tne 704th Ceunter Intelligence Ceras Detecnsent Activates 6 Octeper 1950 in Keres Saactivates 28 Maren 1955 is Lores Redesignated 28 Decesder 1961 os the 708th Jovelligence Corps Detachpent Activated 25 January 1962 in Vietsas Inactivatec 7 March 1986 in Viernes Redesignates 1 Soveaber 1966 os the 76acn Military Inteliigence Setacnsent Sctivated 15 March 1967 in Jepen Saactivates 15 June 1972 in dapan Activated 25 Septesver 1976 in forea Inactivates 16 May 1979 in Kores . e SYMBOLISM The colors blue and silver Gray (white) are used to represent military intelligence and scerlet ang gold to symbolize military strength and operation. al excellence. Tne griffin, traditionally a crea. ture of viston, alertness, and intelligence, is shown as @ chess piece adjacent to @ chess board, Zuggesting the type of Operation, requiring tinge. Muity and intellect, which the battalion is called Upon to carry cut. The Squeres on the chess board represent the many Vietnam engagements in which the battalion participated,
36 MILITARY INTELLIGENTE BATTALION ANNEX 2 Constitutes 7 July 1985 in tne aray of tne Unites States 23 the 10020 Counter Intesi:gence Corps Setecnsent Aciiveted 25 July 1965 in France Disvanded 28 January 1906 at Nclavire Signal Depot, Merysand Reconatitutec 7 Decempe> 1960 ir tne Regular bray as tne &e2¢ Counter Intelligence Corps Detachsent Activated 20 Decesper 1950 in Eores Inactivates 25 Decenser 1951 in Keres Redesignated 26 Xarch 1965 as the $826 Intelligence Corps Detacnsent Activated 7 April 1965 at Fort George S. Mease, Marylene Inactivated 1 December 1§65 at For: George G. Meaie, Marylanc Activated 39 Deceader 1969 at Port Bragg, Nort» Carolina Redenignated 29 Deceaner 1969 as tae 5826 Militery Intcliigence Detachaent Inactivated 19 Sevember 1973 et Averéeen Previag Ground, Maryland e e e CAMPAIGN PARTICIPATION CREDIT ¥ietn Courterorfen Counterofl Countees??. e, Pre Tet Counteroffensive Counteroffens;ve, Frese Counteroffensice, Pssae Counteroffena.ve, Pnas? Ter 69/Counteroffensive Suamer-Fall 1945 WintereSsring 1970 Sanctuary Countercffensive Counteroffensive, Phase V3! Canaoligetion I consclagasaon 32 Cease-Fire 73 36 MILITARY IUTELLIGENTE BATTALION Company A edéitionally entities tor g if Was Wsirestive CF intervention First UW Counteroffeasive CCF Sorting Offensive UN Susser-fall Offensive Second Kerean winter forea, Susmer-Fail 1952 Taira £erean Winter eres, Summer 1953 Company B additionally entities tor fereye. Ma> Ate=vention First UN Ceunteroffensive Coy Spring Offensive UN Sumer-Fadl Offensive Secone Korean Winter Se CORAT IONS Vietnat Gv.sory Defense 1987 Meriterious Onit Commendation, Streaner @@droidered VIETWAM 1966- 1969 Meriterioun Unit Coemendsiion, Streamer esbroicered TIETHAM 1967 1972 Meriterious Unit Commendation, Streaser eabroigered VIETNAM 19710 Republic ef Vietnan Cross of Gellantry with Pale, Streseer Omdreiéered VIETHAN 1970-1971 Company & additionally entities to: Westerious Unit Commeneation, Streseer embroidered KOREA Republic of Kores Presigential Unit Cication, Streaser eapreidersé KOREA 1950-1952 Republic of Kores Presicentie: Unit Citation, Streaser e@mproiceres KOREA 1952-1953
18th Military Intelligence Battalion The 18th Military Intelligence Battalion was constituted in the Regular Army on 15 March 1968, activated on the same date in Germany and assigned to U.S. Army, Europe and Seventh Army. The battalion was formed as a result of a major reorganization of Army intelligence resources in Europe which witnessed the consolidation of the 513th MI Group's assets and mission with those of the 66th MI Group. The 66th MI Group, since it was the senior of the two, was retained, and the 513th MI Group was inactivated. The 18th MI Battalion existed only on paper until 6 September 1968 at which time it was further assigned to the 66th MI Group, which moved from Stuttgart to Munich, Germany, the same month. Although the battalion's history begins with its activation on 15 March 1968, the mission it took over dates back to the end of World War II. It originally stemmed from the need to interrogate major war criminals prior to their trials in Nuremberg and to interrogate German prisoners of war retur- ning from the USSR. After 1950, the collection efforts were focused upon the interrogation of defectors, ethnic German resettlers and refugees from Eastern Europe. On 15 January 1953, the 513th Military Intelligence Service Group was activated at Oberursel (Camp King), Germany, to replace the TD organization, the 7977th USAREUR Intelligence Center, which had previously performed the function. Under the 513th MI Group; the interview, translation of documents, and re- ports missions were carried out by technical intelligence detachments and the USAREUR Interrogation Center. In April 1961, the Collection and Dissemination Battalion (Provision- al) was organized under the 513th MI Group to continue the functions formerly performed by the center. As a result of the major reorganization of intelligence as- sets in Europe in 1968, the 513th MI Group (along with its Collection and Dissemination Battalion (Provisional)) was relocated from Oberursel to Munich on 22 October 1968 to effect consolidation of mission and personnel with the 66tn MI Group. Immediately, the newly activated 18th MI Battal- ion assumed the provisional battalion's mission. The 18th MI Battalion was internally organized into two companies (interrogation Company and Translation and Documents Com- pany). On 1 February 1977, the 18th MI Battalion were reassigned to the U.S. Army Intelligence and Security Command as part of a major worldwide reorganization. The Translation and 74
Documents Company was discontinued on 3 April 1979, and its resources consolidated with the Interrogation Company, which was subsequently redesignated the Translation and Interrogation Company. On 23 July 1979, Headquarters and Headquarters Company (Provisional) was formed in place of the Translation and Interrogation Company. On 28 September 1979, the Headquarters and Headquarters Company dropped its provisional status, and the Translation and Interroga- tion Company was formally discontinued. On 23 March 1982, Hq & Hq Company was redesignated as Headquarters, Headquar- ters and Operations Company. Unit Day: None registered with the Center of Military History. 76
ic) Sree > DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY Lineage and Bonors MU Grew SC Ae. Canptacetas 31 Gare" WOOF ie tem Gupalar anu; on Ome MD Misery Imeiigene @uLu]8 wt eusur Lv ewer, = =a cane nt Er ere me: Ree wee... fe tye. Gere: SYMBOLISM The gold concentric rays represent light or know- ledge gathered to a central point; they refer to the battalion's mission of collecting strategic tnformatton. The white asd scarlet tion on the blue beckground ts taken “rom the coat of arms of Hesse, Germany, where the unit was activated, The head only of the lion is used because the head is @ symbol of intelligence and reason. The color of the background, ertental Stue, also refers to military intelligence. 76
Headquarters and Headquarters Company, 201lst Military Intelligence Battalion On 2 October 1982, Headquarters and Headquarters Company, 201lst Military Intelligence Battalion was constituted in the Regular Army and activated at Fort Monmouth, New Jersey. On the same date, the battalion was assigned to the U.S. Army Intelligence and Security Command. A carrier unit was active from 2 April to 1 October 1982 to receive personnel and equipment for the battalion. Unit Day: None registered with the Center of Military His- tory. 77
DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY Lineage ant Gonos GRADQUAFTERS 48D WEADQUARTERS Compas? BOtat MLITART IFTZLLIGESCE MaTTALIO8 Coustitstee 2 Guteter 1902 tp tee Beguler sruy as Beadeuarters as BSeadquccters C « 201et ° serrast eanees ot Miditery lateiiigenes Battaisen, anc astivated Camares PaNTzCrPaTIOB CAEDTY Gene ‘Gintedase fa jer The Adjutant Gesera: Sl CRED OF THE SUCRETART WC THE ARNT: SYMBOLISM Silver gray (silver) and oriental blue are the colors associated with military intelligence units. The helmet i$ adapted from the distinc~ tive insignia of the unit’s parent organization. Tne globe refers to the worldwide scope of the unit's mission and to the “all source” aspect suggested by the motto. The tigntning flash and Sword are symbolic of speed and accuracy of communtcations, and the-ltaurel in base denotes achievements. ‘78
Headquarters and Headquarters Company, 202d Nilitary Intelligence Battalion On 2 October 1982, Headquarters and Headquarters Company, 202d Military Intelligence Battalion was constituted in the Regular Army and activated at Fort Monmouth, New Jersey. On the same date, the 202d MI Battalion (Collection/Exploi- tation) was assigned to the U.S. Army Intelligence and Se- curity Command. A carrier unit was active from 2 April to 1 October 1982 to receive personnel and equipment for the battalion. Unit Day: None registered with the Center of Military His- tory. 79
DEPARTMENT GF THE ARMY Lineage and Bonors MRadQcasTEls ash MalocanTees copasy M26 ML ITAay ISTE BATTAL Oe Cenetitutes 2 Getener 1902 is the ? bruy as Geadaquarters asé Gesceuartere company. 2026 Wilitary letecligeno: Battalion, as6 activated et Fort Meumevia, See dervey CarPal@m PaNTICIPeTiON CazetT Gene BY CODED CP THE SECRETARY OF THE AMT: Majer Onod-s.. O50 Tee dejutast Cosere: SYMBOLISM Ortental otue and silver gray (silver) are the colors traditionally associated with military in- telligence. The helmet fs adapted from the de- vice of the Si3th Milftary Intelligence Group end refers to the unit's parentage and symbolizes counterintelligence activities. Tne flasn de- notes speed and electronic warfare. The torch signiftes truth and alludes to interrogation. The dragon, a mythological guardian of treasures, symbolizes security ano strength. Thus, the de- sign elements of the device personify the unit's missfon and capabilities. .
Headquarters and Headquarters Company, 203d Military Intelligence Battalion On 2 October 1982, Headquarters and Headquarters Company, 203d Military Intelligence Battalion was constituted in the Regular Army and activated at Fort Monmouth, New Jersey. Although officially activated at a ceremony held at Fort Monmouth in conjunction with the activation of the 513th MI Group, the battalion has from its beginning been perma- nently stationed at Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland. Also on 2 October, the 203d MI Battalion (Technical Intel- ligence) was assigned to the U.S. Army Intelligence and Security Command. A carrier unit was active from 2 April to 1 October 1982 to receive personnel and equipment for the battalion. Members of the 203d MI Battalion and its subordinate units participated in URGENT FURY, the deployment of U.S. forces to Grenada. A five-person team from the battalion and subordi- nate units deployed on 30 October 1983, followed by a 19- person team on 6 November. The 203d MI Battalion's major contribution centered on foreign materiel captured during URGENT FURY. Unit Day: None registered with the Center of Military His- tory. 81
DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY Lineage and Bono GRPOCASTERS O73 GRaNOCARTERS Comasy M030 MILITANT SUTRUL IONE BST T4. 08 Conatitetee 2 Outeber 1982 10 the Seguler rey ep Bacequerters ond Meacauarters Company, 209e Military Jetecsigeneu Battalions, and octivatad et Port Menpeuts, few dersey CanmPazGm particzpstiog Cagei? Gene ‘Gen : fs aes Majer ‘a. TIA Tae G¢jutant General SYMBOLISM Oriental blue and sitver gray (silver) are the colors tradittonally assoctated with military in- telligence units. The gridiine sphere represents the unit's worldwide mission and the gear refers to the technical aspect of their responsibilities. The helmet has been adapted from the device of the 513th Military Intelligence Group alluding to the unit's parentage and symbolizing covert vie gitance and preparedness. The laurel, a tra- ditional symbol of achievement exemplifies the motto “Technicians for Victory.”
Headquarters and Headouarters Company, 502d Army Security Agency Battalion The 3118th Signal Service Battalion was constituted in the Army of the United States on 4 November 1943 and activated 15 November 1943 at Camp Crowder, Missouri. The 3118th Sig- nal Service Battalion consisted of Hq & Hq Company and Com- panies A and B and was organized to perform communications support including serving as a communications center. On 22 January 1944, the battalion departed Camp Crowcer for Camp Kilmer, New Jersey, and deployment overseas. On 28 January, the unit left on board the Rankitki, arriving in England on 15 February. While in England, the unit was stationed at St. Pancras, London. On 11 Auaqust 1944, the battalion was again deployed, this time to Normandy, France. As the war progressed, the unit moved to Joullouville (17 August 1944), Versailles (20 September 1944), Reims (20° December 1944), and finally Frankfurt, Germany (20 April 1945). On 13 April 1945, the 3118th Signal Service Battal- ion was reorganized and redesignated as the 3118th Signal Service Group with an authorized strength of 123 officers and 1,401 enlisted men. For its participation in the war, the 3118th Signal Service Group received credit for the Northern France, Rhineland, and Central Europe campaigns and the Meritorious Unit Com- mendation for “superior performance of duty in the accom- plishment of extremely difficult tasks...in France and Ger- many." On 14 November 1945, the unit was again redesignated as the 3118th Signal Service Battalion. On 3 April 1946, Headquar- ters, 3118th Signal Service Battalion was redesignated as Headquarters and Headquarters Detachment, 3118th Signal Ser- vice Battalion, and the remainder of the battalion was dis- banded. Hq & Hq Detachment, 3118th Sig Svc Battalion had an authorized strength of 13 officers and 134 enlisted men. This element remained at Frankfurt, Germany, until it was inactivated on 20 June 1947, _ On 25 April 1951, Hq & Hq Detachment, 3118th Signal Service Battalion was allotted to the Regular Army and redesig- nated Headquarters and Headquarters Company, 502d Communi- cation Reconnaissance Group. It was activated at Fort De- vens, Massachusetts, on 15 May 1951. At the same time, the unit was given a new mission and assigned to Headquarters, Army Security Agency and attached to the ASA Training Cen- ter. The unit was authorized 12 officers and 70 enlisted men.
It was originally planned to have the 502d Comm Recon Group depart for Europe on 15 July 1952, but because the unit had completed training ahead of schedule, the date was advanced to 16 June 1952. The group arrived at Heilbronn, Germany, on 1 July 1952 and was assigned to HQ ASA, Europe and at- tached to the Seventh Army. Its mission was ts coordinate ASA responsibilities in support of the Seventh Army. The 502d Comm Recon Group assumed command of two commnunicétion reconnaissance battalions and four communication reconnais- sance companies. Besides the subordinate units, the 502d Comm Recon Group had operational detachments directly un- der its headquarters on various occasions. These were lo- cated at Rothwestern, Tulau, Bahrdorf, Sollingen, Lochow, and Schonigen. As of 30 June 1953, records indicated that the assigned manpower strength for the group and its units stood at 1,255. Badernerhof Kaserne, the new home for the 502d Comm Recon Group and several of its assigned units, was formerly the home of a battalion of horse-drawn German artillery. Estab-~ lished in 1935, it was called Ludendorf Kaserne until the name was changed during the U.S. occupation. In World War Il, all the buildings were partially destroyed and allowed to deteriorate. However, the troop billets and several other buildings were rehabilitated before the group arrived. The most spectacular rehabilitation was reconstructing a ruined artillery stable into a chapel. Arrangements were made to use 502d Comm Recon Group personnel during their off-duty time for decoration of the interior and construc- tion of such items as the altar. Contributions from the congregation were used to provide stained glass windows, vigil lamps, and other refinements. On 15 February 1953, the first service was held in the "Chapel of the Three Stones," so named because of the three stones collected from Catholic and Protestant churches and a Jewish synagogue des- troyed in Worid War II and placed at the base of the altar. The Hq & Hq Company, 502d Comm Recon Group was redesignated Headquarters and Headquarters Company, 502d Army Security Agency Group on 1 July 1956. The Hq & Hq Company, 502d ASA Group was inactivated on 15 October 1957 due to the world- wide reorganization within the Army Security Agency which replaced TOE with TDA units, thus providing greater organi- zational flexibility. The 507th ASA Group became the re- placing TDA unit. Effective 3 May-1971, the Hq & Hq Company, 502d ASA Group was activated; this time at Augsburg, Germany. The personnel and equipment of the concurrently discontinued 507th ASA Group $4
and the USASA Security Company Augsburg went into forming the newly activated group. Assigned to HQ USASA, Europe, the 502d ASA Group again provided support to the Seventh U.S. Army. On 15 May 1972, with the discontinuance of HQ USASA, Europe, the 502d ASA Group was temporarily reassigned to USASA Field Station, Augsburg and further reassigned on 1 June 1973 to HQ USASA. On 22 July 1972, the 502d ASA Group received a distinctive unit insignia authorized by The Institute of Heraldry, U.S. Army. At this time, a contest was held for selecting a unit motto. Specialist Five John T. Johnson of the 326th ASA Company won the contest with the motto "Silently We Defend," The CG, USASA presented the 502d ASA Group the Commanding General‘s Plaque for the most outstanding contribution to the Army Security Agency's mission during FY 1974, During 1975, the 502d ASA Group underwent a massive reorgan- ization. One battalion was activated; another was organized provisionally; and six new companies were activated. In October 1975, the group headquarters moved into the former offices of Fieid Station Augsburg at Flak Kaserne when the field station relocated to new facilities. On the basis of the Intelligence Organization and Stationing Study report in 1975, the Chief of Staff, U.S. Army directed the establishment of the U.S. Army Intelligence and Security Command in support of the Army at echelon above corps and the transfer of all former ASA direct support units at corps and below to the commanders of corps and divisions. As a result, the 502d ASA Group was transferred to U.S. Army, Eur- ope on 1 January 1977. However, on 1 October 1980, the Hq & Hq Company, 502d ASA Group was reassigned from USAREUR to INSCOM, and on 1 Octo- ber 1981, the group was redesignated as Headquarters and Headquarters Company, 502d Army Security Agency Battalion. On 1 October 1982, several newly activated imagery interpre- tation detachments were assigned to the 502d ASA Battalion, expanding the unit's mission beyond electronic warfare. The unit has had the unique experience of having three of its former commanding officers later attain the rank of gen- eral. These commanders were Major General George A. God- ding, USA (Ret); Major General James £. Freeze, USA (Ret); and Brigadier General James A. Teal,’ Jr., USA (Ret). Unit Day: None registered with the Center of Military His- tory. .
STATEMENT OF SERVICE MEADGUARTERS AND MEADQUARTERS Company S020 aly SECURITY AGENCY BATTALION Constituted & Zoveaber 1983 in the Arey of the United States an tre 3198tn Signad Service Settalion Ectivated 15 Beveaver 1743 at Canp Crowder, Missouri Reorgonized and redesignated 23 April 1985 ad tae 3118th Signa: Service Group Reorganized and redesignated 18 Beveuser 1945 os 2ne 3110th Signed Service Battalion Neadquarters reorganized and redesignated 3 April 1986 as Headquarters end Meadquarters Detaennent, 3118te Signal Service Creup (resainger ef battalion ¢ispandes) Inaetivsted 20 June 1947 ia Germany Redesignated 25 April 1951 an Neacquerters ané Meadquarters Cospany, SO2¢@ Communication Reconnaissance Greup, ené silotted to the Regular dray - Activated 15 Ney 1951 at Fort Devens, Massechusatte Begesignated 1 July 1956 as Beagquarters ané Weadquerters Coepany, $024 arey Security Agency Group Taactivated 15 Oeteser 1957 ka Geraany Aetivated 3 May 1973 in Germany Reorganized and redesignated 1 July 1981 as Meadquartors and Seadquerters Coapacy, 5024 Arey Security Agency Battslion CamPalcn PANTICIPATION CREDIT yorie War It orthern France Shineians Central Eurepe DECORATIONS Meritorious Unit Commendation, Streaser easroiseres EUNIPEAN THEATER SYMBOLISM Ortental blue and silver (gray) are the colors used for Army Security Agency units and a key is emblematic of authority and security. The double web and flashes represent the unit's concern for both overt and covert security communications, The flashes also denote celerity in operation procedures, as well as alluce to the unit's Signal lineage. Initially designated the 3118th Signai Service Battalion, the unit participated in the Northern France, Rhineland, and Central Europe campaigns, Wa IT, represented by the fleurs-ce. Tis and ermine spot, The scarlet scroll denotes the Meritorious unit Commendation Streamer award- ed the unit far service in the European Theater,
524th Military Intelligence Battalion The 524th Technical Intelligence Coordinator Detachment was constituted in the Regular Army on 25 September 1950 and activated at Fort Riley, Kansas, on 10 October 1950. The detachment had an authorized strength of four officers and eight enlisted men and was assigned to the Fifth Army. On 16 November 1950, the unit left Topeka, Kansas, on perma- nent change of station to Inchon, Korea, arriving on 2 De- cember. The unit was inactivated on 1 December 1951. For its service during the Korean War, the unit received five campaign participation credits. The 524th Technical Intelligence Coordinator Detachment was redesignated as the 524th Intelligence Corps Detachment on 22 June 1965. Assigned to the Third U.S. Army, the unit was activated at Fort Bragg, North Carolina, on 1 July 1965 with an authorized strength of seven officers, two warrant officers, and 13 enlisted men. The unit was acti- vated for deployment to Vietnam and arrived in-country on 19 September 1965. While in-country, the detachment performed a counterintel- ligence mission and was stationed at Tan Son Nhut Air Base, Saigon. On 15 October 1966, the 524th INTC Detachment was redesignated as the 524th Military Intelligence Detach- ment, and on 26 November 1970, the unit was inactivated in Vietnam. For its service, the detachment received the Meritorious Unit Commendation (1 October 1966 to 31 May 1968) and 13 campaign participation credits. On 16 June 1982, the 524th MI Detachment was redesignated as the 524th Military Intelligence Battalion, activated at Camp Coiner, Korea, and assigned to the U.S. Army Intelli- gence and Security Command. On 28 September 1984, the bat- talion completed a move from Camp Coiner to Seoul, Korea. Unit Day: 16 June. The date was selected to commemorate the redesignation and reactivation of the unit in Korea on 16 June 1982. 87
Meth SELSMART MPRLAIERECS BaTTALIOS DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY ; oucemtiees Linrage and Bono aneec nae te tose ORit Commasetize. Hez000et enaresseres VIETHA ‘ OF Games @ tae aicartasy oF SEE amr. 30th UELTOAE LEPLLLIONEEE GaftALies a, Censtitered 35 Septeaser 1980 10 coe Eeguise Army 08 ine 536q8 ‘Ge a fe Svennics] tereisigonee Couréiecter Setsseeent Borer wet, Qetiveted 10 Geaseee 3982 on Fore Siivy. Eensea . Pee asjatent Senere) Sasativered 3 GSeecnnet 1951 se Boren Resesiqaested 33 Jume 1960 an tee S24ta Sateilsgense Corps Bocetheens Qatseeced 2 daly 2063 at Pore Seoge. Mares Caraiias Eebussqneted 3% Griceee 1066 so tae Sees Brissery lateiss¢enes Setarasvet Enpetseeted 26 anecnne: 1975 12 Fietaen Qesessgnated 18 Jame 1602 os (20 S2atp Babatary treeilssesce Sertsisen sed attsveted 19 Saree CAMPRIGS OARTICIPATION CAZBIT faysee oa? Piss satereontsen ones Pasat CR epenteretionsion Seasteretiensive CSP sprang oflessive Courterettonssve. Pane 22 98 cemper-t8.) Sfisssies - ferpet Sereen wistes 80: Couscqrettersses. Prose Vi e ‘tons: te om id Semper-Fo.. 3048 Srarers-dgr seq 1976 Soartvary Countorettensive Coenrezelionsive. Phase Vis SYMBOLISM Azure (oriental blue) and silver gray are the col- Ofs essociated with military fatelligence. The interlocking chevronels suggest the gathering of information from efany sources processed through the untt and distributed throughout the Army, 8s represented by the border. The black pellets sug- gest the unit's ability to interpret various data and to form assesments of military situations. Eighteen refers to the number of campaigns in which the unit participated in Korea and Vietnam, SILENT VIGILANCE _(
527th Military Inteliigence Battalion The &27th Interrogation Team was constituted in the Army of the United States and activated in Frankfurt, Germany, an 1 May 1946. The unit was assigned to U.S. Forces, Euro- pean Theater and attached to the lst Infantry Division. Approximately six months later on 31 October, the team was inactivated. On 6 February 1948, the 527th Interrogatio. Team was redes- ignated as the 527th Headquarters Intelligence Detachment and was activated 2] February 1948 at Fort Bragg, North Carolina. Here, the unit was assigned to the Third Army and attached to Headquarters, V Corps. Redesignated as Headquarters, 527th Military Intelligence Piatoon and al- lotted to the Regular Army on 23 May 1949, the unit carried an authorized strength of one officer and three enlisted men. On 4 August 1949, the 527th was redesig- nated as the 527th Military Intelligence Service Platoon. On 18 April 1950, the unit departed Fert Bragg to partici- pate in Exercise SWARMER at Camp Mackaii, North Carolina. The platoon also took part in Exercise SOUTHERN PINE (Au- gust 1951) and Exercise FLASHBURN (April to May 1954). On 1 December 1950, the 527th HI Service Platoon was made a part of the General Reserve and reorganized with an autho- rized strength of 13 officers and 34 enlisted men. The unit was relieved from attachment to Headquarters, V Corps and attached to Headquarters, XVIII Airborne Corps, and further attached to the 525th MI Service Group on 19 June 1951. The 527th MI Service Platoon was soon redesignated as the 527th Military Intelligence Service Company on 14 November 1951. On 24 February 1952, the 527th MI Service Company was attached to the 519th MI Service Battalion, and on 31 December 1953, the company was redesignated as the 52/th Military Intelligence Company. The 527th MI Company changed stations from Fort Bragg, North Carolina, to Fort Hood, Texas, and was assigned to the Fourth Army on 15 May 1957. The inactivation of the 527th MI Company occurred on 25 January 1958 at Fort Hood. The 527th MI Company was activated again on 1 June 1962 at Kaiserslautern, Germany, and assigned to U.S. Army, Europe and Seventh Army to provide counterintelligence support and further assigned to the 66th Intelligence Corps Group. The 527th MI Company was activated as part of a major reorg- anization of intelligence and security functions in Europe
on 1 April 1962 by which the 513th INTC Group received field operations intelligence/area intelligence functions and the 66th INTC Group assumed counterintelligence support to the Seventh Army. On 1 July 1972, the 527th MI Company was redesignated as Headquarters and Headquarters Company, 527th Military In- telligence Battalion. On 1 February 1977, the 527th MI Bat- talion was reassigned from U.S. Army, Europe and Seventh Army to U.S. Army Intelligence and Security Command. On 1 October 1982, organic Companies A and B were activated. Despite its earlier activation, Company B did not begin to function until 2 May 1983. Unit Day: None registered with the Center of Military His- tory.
STATEMENT OF SERVICE — S27tn MILITARY INTELLIGENCE BATTALION Constitutes 1 May 1985 in the Aray of the United States as the S27tr Interrogation Seec and activated in Gersany Inactivates 3° Sctoper 1946 in Germany Redes: gnared 6 February 1946 as tne S27tn Headquarters Intelligence Secacnaen: Activated 21 Fepruary 1988 at For: Bragg, Worth Carolins Reorganized and redesignated 23 May 1949 as Heacquarters, S27tn Military Intelligence Piatoon, end sllotted to tne Reguiar Aray Reorgenizes and recesignated & August 1939 as the S27th Military Intelligence Service Platoon Reorganized and redesignated 18 November 1951 ag the 5:7th Military Intelligence Service Company Peorganized ané redesignated 3) Decesber 1953 as the 527tn Military Tateliigence Company Inactivated 25 Janusry 1956 at Fort Hood, Texes Activated 1 dune 1962 in Geraany Reorganized anc redesignated 1 July 1972 as Headquarters end Weadquarters Coapany, Se?th Military Intelligence Battalion {Companies & end B constituted 1 October 1982 and ectivated in Germany) CAMPAIGN PARTICIPATION CREDIT one DECORATIONS SYMBOLISM The square and dot simulate an observation appa- fatus. The disc simulates a ginbe, while the Givisions are symbotic of a network and sieve (screen). The errowhead denotes partial readi- ness, and the rays symbolize all facets of sound, light, and vibratory systems. Together, the above represent the general functions of a mili- tary intelligence unit, 1.¢., the cotlection, processing, and dissemination of infornation. The swords refer to both defensive ang of*ensive counterintelligence methods within the scope of the unit's operation, The white arrowhead s ferrula dividing the red area is suggested by the coat of arms of Kaisersteutern, Gercany (1.e., "Gules, @ pale argent...°), anc symbclizes service there,
U.S. Army Field Station Augsburg On 14 April 1970, the U.S. Army Security Agency Field Station, Augsburg was organized at Augsburg, Germany, and assigned to the U.S. Army Security Agency. However, the unit's mission dates back to the earliest presence of the Army Security Agency in Germany at the end of World War II. Through the years, ASA controlled a series of field stations in Germany to include Field Station 8608 (Scheyern); Field Station 8611 (Frankfurt); and 6th Field Station (Herzo Base) as well as tactical support units such as the 502d Communication Reconnaissance Group and the 507th USASA Group. The field station at Augsburg had its origin in 1967 when the Army Security Agency studied ways of saving manpower and expenses and using new advances in technology. The resulting plan called for the consolidation of three USASA field stations located at Rothwesten, Herzogenaurach, and Bad Aibling into the Augsburg area. Besides the three field stations, Augsburg would ultimately replace mary of the border site detachments located from upper Germany to nor- thern Italy and take over various functions performed at HQ USASA, Europe. Implementation of the plan began in July 1968 when HQ USASA formed cadre for the new field station as the USASA Provi- sioral Command. On 14 April 1970, the provisional unit was discontinued and the USASA Field Station, Augsburg was of- ficially organized with a strength of 68 authorized person- nel and assigned to HQ USASA, Europe. As Field Station Augs- burg's responsibilities and resources increased, a Troop Command was organized to consist of Companies A, B, C, D, and E, effective i December 1971. On 12 January 1972, actual operations began at Field Station Augsburg. On 1 February 1972, another major organizational change occurred when the Border Site Command, which had been active since October 1971, was formally organized. The Border Site Command wes added to control and support the numerous per- sonnel scattered at the 11 remaining border sites. By 30 June 1972, the transition period was over, and Augsburg was in full swing. The three consolidated field stations were phased out as well as one of the major remote sites, several minor ones, and HQ USASA, Europe. On 15 May 1972, the field station was reassigned from HQ USASA, Europe to HQ USASA (redesignated the U.S. Army Intelligence and Se- curity Command on 1 January 1977). On 7 May 1974, Field Station Augsburg's northernmost border base was transferred from ASA jurisdiction.
In September 1974, after a year of planning, Field Station Augsburg began the single greatest reorganization in its existence, which resulted in creating a battalion struc- ture. Formally completed on 28 April 1975, it established the Support Battalion (in place of the Troop Command); the Forward Operations Battalion (in place of the Border Com- mand); 1st Operations Battalion (Company A redesignated); 2d Operations Battalion (Company B redesignated); and 3d Operations Battalion (Company C redesignated). Companies D and E were redesignated the Communications and Supply/ Maintenance Companies respectively. On 1 October 1975, the command group at Field Station Augsburg relocated from Flak Kaserne to its new buiiding at Gablingen. In early 1976, the LAFAIRE VITE Project, in preparation since the founding of the field station, became operational. This Jed to the discontinuance of the Forward Operations Battalion and transfer or discontinuance of its sites on 1 April 1976. At the same time, the 3d Qperations Battalion assumed new responsibilities with its detachments "stretching the length of Germany." On 1 May 1977, the field station was redesignated the U.S. Army Field Station Augsburg. Unit Day: 12 January. Field Station Augsburg celebrates the initiation of operations on 12 January 1972.
SYMBOLISM The colors teal blue and silver are associated with intelligence units. The key is taken from the INS- COM shoulder sleeve insignia and alludes to the field station's link in the command mission. The silver invected border with 48 indentations and the small disc at center refer to the type of antenna used by the unit as seen from above. The blue and white checky disc further suggests the unit's lo- cation in Bavaria. The lightning flashes refer to worldwide electronic communications both friendly and hostile. a4
U.S. Army Field Station Berlin The U.S. Army Field Station Berlin traces its origins back to the organization of the 280th U.S. Army Security Agency Com- pany on 15 Qctober 1957 in Berlin, Germany. On the same date, the company was assigned to the U.S. Army Security Agency and further reassigned to HQ USASA, Europe. The 280th USASA Company was formed to consolidate all ASA assets in Berlin. Prior to the organization of the 280th USASA Company, ASA had conducted operations at various sites in Berlin since 1951. In January 1951, Detachment F from Field Station (8606) relocated from Herzo Base, Germany, io Berlin in order to perform an operational mission and returned to Her- zo Base in June 1952. In April 1952, Detachment E, also from Field Station (8606) but with a different mission, was next deployed to Berlin. Detachment E's presence took on an air of permanence in June 1952 when the status of personnel assigned were changed from TDY to duty station and operations were moved from a tent to a permanent building. In 1953, Detach- ment E was redesignated Detachment F, and on 1 July 1953, Detachment C from Field Station (8606) joined Detachment F. On 26 March 1954, Detachment B, HQ ASA, Europe was also established in Berlin, and in September, Detachments F and C (8606) were attached to Detachment B (ASAEUR) for purposes of administration and logistics. Also in 1954, Detachment A, 302d Communication Reconnaissance Battalion was estab- lished in Berlin. To control all of these elements plus two small ASA teams (Team 6 and Team 620J1) which had joined the picture in 1955, Detachment B (ASAEUR) was reorganized as a provisional company. In a separate development, the 9539th Technical Service Unit, which was organized in 1954 at Fort Myer, Virginia, and then relocated to Berlin, was reassigned from the Chief Signal Officer to CG, ASA on 1 November 1955 as part of a transfer of functions ordered by the Chief of Staff, U.S. Army. At the same time, the 9539th Technical Service Unit was redesignated as the 22d ASA Detachment, and on 1 January 1957, was. redesignated as the 260th USASA Detachment. To bring all its Berlin resources into one structure, ASA discontinued Detachments B (ASAEUR), C (8606), F (8606), and A (302d Comm Recon Battalion). Detachment A's personnel were returned to the 302d Comm Recon Bat- talion and the other detachments’ personnel were consoli-
dated within the 260th USASA Detachment. in turn, the 260th USASA Letachment was discontinued and replaced by the 280th USASA Company on 15 October 1957. In 1957, the 280th USASA Company had an authorized strength of seven officers, two warrant officers, and 136 enlisted. The 280th USASA Company's administrative elements were loca- ted in the former offices of Detachment B and the 260th USASA: Detachment at Andrew Barracks. (Andrew Barracks wes the site of the Prussian Main Cadet Establishment founded in 1873 by order of Kaiser Wilhelm I. It Served as the Prussian equivalent of West Point until its inactivation in 1920.) The 280th USASA Company was redesignated as the 78th USASA Special Operations Unit (SOU) on 15 June 1961. Over the years, the unit has utilized various operational sites throughout West Berlin, including Teufelsberg, commonly referred to as the "Rubble Pile." This hill was built from the rubble moved there during the post World War II reconstruction. The 78th SOU first located mobile equipment on the site in July 1961, and in November 1963, a semiper- manent site was constructed, followed later by permanent facilities. Effective 22 June 1966, the special operations unit was re- designated as the 54th USASA Special Operations Command. In March 1967, the command was internally organized into Hq & Service Company, Company A, and Company B. On 15 December 1967, the command was redesignated as the USASA Field Sta- tion Berlin. Under Project FILMAN, additional permanent facilities were constructed at Teufelsberg between April 1969 and September 1972. From the time of its organization in 1957 as the 280th USASA Company, the field station remained assigned to HQ USASA, Europe until 15 May 1972 when HQ USASA, Europe was discon- tinued and the field station was assigned directly to HQ USASA (and its successor, the U.S. Army Intelligence and Se- curity Command after 1 January 1977). On 1 May 1977, the field station was redesignated as the U.S. Army Field Station Berlin. U.S. Army Field Station Berlin holds the distinction of being the only Army unit to be selected twice (1973 and 1981) as the recipient of the Travis Trophy, awarded annually to the outstanding Service cryptologic unit. Unit Day: 15 October. U.S. Army Field Station Berlin cele- brates its original organization on 15 October 1957.
SYMBOLISM The keystone suggests the unit's key position in the gicbal intelligence network. The mural crown and the black bear are adapted from the Arms of the City of Berlin and allude to the unit's home area and further suggest the divided city's wall and the need for constant surveillance. The globe and the color teal blue suaqgest the unit's affili- ation with INSCOM and are counterchanged in refer- ence to the day/night mission of the unit and its motto. Orange and white are the colors associated with signal units and allude to the field station's history as a signal unit. The flash symbolizes the electronics functions of the unit. o7
U.S. Army Field Station Key West The 6th U.S. Army Security Agency Field Station was organized on 14 February 1964 at Homestead Air Force Base, Florida, and assigned to the ¥.S. Army Security Agency (and its succes- sor, the U.S. Army Intelligence and Security Command after 1 January 1977). The Army Security Agency's presence at Homestead dated back to October 1962 and the Cuban Missile Crisis, when the 326tnr ASA Company was deployed to the site from Fort Bragg, North Carolina. Over the montks, the unit began to take on a@ more permanent status. Effective 14 Feb- ruary 1964, the company was inactivated and its personnel transferred to the field station which was organized concur rently. The 6th ASA Field Station was dedicated as “Seminole Sta- tion" by Billy Osceola, Chief of the Seminoles who presented the official tribal resolution in a ceremony at Homestead on 10 August 1964, The name “Seminole Station" was chosen be- cause it alluded to a group of warriors of indomitable spir- it who, through vigilance and perseverance, protected their homeland and remained unconquered. All of the Sth ASA Field Station's facilities continued to be located on Homestead Air Base until! August 1967 when the station's activities were consolidated with similar Air Force and Navy operations in a newly constructed operations building on Card Sound Road, approximately 15 miles south of Homestead Air Base. The operations building was common- ly referred to as “Site Alpha." On 15 December 1967, the 6th ASA Field Station was redes- ignated as USASA Field Station, Homestead. In February 1969, the field station's command and administrative func- tions were returned to Homestead Air Base proper and co- located with similar functions of the Navy. This enabled a savings in personnel resources. As a result of this drawdown and the reversal of a decision to discontinue the USASA Field Station, Homestead entirely, the unit was re- organized and redesignated on 30 June i374 as U.S. Army Security Agency Detachment Homestead to reflect its more limited mission. On 1 May 1977, the unit was again redesignated, this time as U.S. Army Field Station Homestead, and on 15 July 198i, the field station was redesignated the U.S. Army Field Station Key West in anticipation of a pending move.
As part of an effort to consolidate assets among the Ser-~- vices, the field station was relocated in October 1981 to the Truman Annex, Key West; by 27 OQctober, cperations: were underway. The operations and administrative building: itself had once been used as a Navy fleet sonar school: facility. Billeting is also on the Truman Annex. Unit Day: 27 October. U.S. Army Field Station Key West com-— memorates 27 Qctober 1981, the date it began operations at’ Truman Annex. .
U.S. Army Field Station Korea On 30 September 1971, the U.S. Army Security Agency Field Station, Korea was organized in Pyong Taek, Korea, and as- signed to the U.S. Army Security Agency and further reas- Signed to HQ USASA, Pacific. The field station was the replacement for the USASA Group, Korea, which was concur. rently discontinued to more effectively manage reduced resources. The field station took over a mission which had been performed by a succession of Army Security Agency units in Korea on a continuing basis since September 1950 when the first contingent of ASA personnel arrived to support U.S. tactical forces. These units included both the 501lst Communication Reconnaissance Group and the 508th USASA Group (redesignated the USASA Group, Korea). A number of units have been assigned to the field station over the years. These included the following: the 332d ASA Company (30 September 1971 to Present); the 329th ASA Company (1 November 1975 to 1 October 1976); and the 146th ASA Company (1 July 1974 to 15 December 1979). From 15 August 1874 to 1 August 1977, the USASA Security Detachment, Korea was attached to the field station. ; The field station is located at Camp Humphreys, 60 miles south of Seoul and five miles southwest of the town of Pyong Taek. It was given the name “Zoeckler Station" on 1 April 1973 in honor of Lieutenant Colonel William R. Zoeckler, who was the first commanding officer from 30 September 1971 to 31 January 1972. Lieutenant Colonel Zoeckler stayed at his post and worked up to the limit of his endurance until he was medically evacuated to CONUS where he died on 22 April 1972. On 30 June 1972, Field Station Korea was reassigned to HQ USASA (and to its successor, the U.S. Army Intelligence and Security Command, after 1 January 1977) upon the discontin- uance of HQ USASA, Pacific. On 1 April 1977, Headquarters and Service Company was divided into Headquarters and Service Company and Operations Company. On 1 May 1977, the USASA Field Station, Korea was redesignated the U.S. Army Field Station Korea. Unit Day: 30 September. U.S. Army Field Station Korea cele- brates its organization day of 30 September 1971.
U.S. Army Field Station Kunia The U.S. Army Field Station Kunia was organized on 1 October 1980 at Wheeler Air Base, Hawaii, and assigned to the U.S. Army Intelligence and Security Command. INSCOM personnel fill for the field station began in April 1980 with the assignment of an advance party which included five adminis- trative specialists. These administrative personnel were initially assigned to the U.S. Army INSCOM Theater Intel- ligence Center-Pacific (Provisional), Fort Shafter, Hawaii, to accomplish the in-processing of arriving personnel for the field station, and until August 1980, all administrative in-processing was done at the ITIC-PAC offices. Before 1980, the structure housing U.S. Army Field Station Kunia had served a multitude of purposes over the years. The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers constructed the facility housing the field station between 1943 and 1944 as an underground aircraft assembly plant, although it never -was used for this purpose. At the end of World War II, the facility was placed in a reserve status and remained as such until 1953 when it was transferred from the Air Force to the Navy and utilized to store ammunition and torpedoes. In 1958, the structure was converted into a command center in support of the joint and service commands on Oahu. In 1977, the property and grounds were determined to be excess and fell into disuse until they were decided upon as the site for the field station. . Between September and December 1980, field station person- nel turned the neglected facility surrounded by undergrowth into a well-landscaped and functional installation. This initial phase involved vast amounts of support from all branches of the military as well as civilian governmental agencies. Because of this spirit of cooperation, the field station was able to meet its 15 December 1980 operational activation date. Internally, the lst Operations Battalion, consisting of Headquarters and Headquarters Company and two lettered companies, A and B, was organized provisionally on 16 May 1983. The new elements were formally organized on 1 July. Although a relatively new organization itself, Field Station Kunia is linked to the past by its mission, which previously had carried been out by a number of Army elements. As early as 1935, a detachment of the 9th Signal Service Company was organized at Fort Shafter to perform Kunia's present func- tions. On 1 January 1939, this detachment was redesignated as the Hawaiian Detachment of the newly formed 2d Signal 103, “
Service Company (later redesignated as the 2d Signal Ser- vice Battalion). On 1 June 1944, the detachment was moved from Fort Shafter to the Helemano Military Reserva- tion, Oahu, 25 miles from Honolulu. The detachment was discontinued on 15 May 1950, but its personnel and assets were taken over by the concurrently organized 8605th Field Station. On 1 January 1957, the 8605th Field Station was in turn redesignated as the 5th U.S. Army Security Agency Field Station. The 5th USASA Field Station was discontinued on 17 June 1958. This marked the end of Army field stations in Hawaii until the establishment of U.S. Army Field Station Kunia in 1980. Unit Day: 1 October, U.S. Army Field Station Kunia cele- brates its organization on 1 October 19806. 104
U.S. Army Field Station Misawa On 1 October 1970, U.S. Army Security Agency Detachment, Mi- Sawa was organized at Misawa Air Base, Japan and assigned to HQ USASA, Pacific. Upon the discontinuance of HQ USASA, Pacific on 30 June 1972, the detacnment was reassigned to HQ USASA (and its successor, HQ U.S. Army Intelligence and Security Command after 1 January 1977). On 31 August 1972, the detachment was redesignated as USASA Field Sta- tion, Misawa. It was redesignated as U.S. Army Field Station Misawa on 1 May 1977, Misawa Air Base is situated adjacent to Misawa City, ap- proximately 400 miles north of Tokyo. It lies about one mile west of the Pacific Ocean, in the coastal region between the ocean and mountain ranges. The field station is the northernmost of all U.S. Army units in Japan. (The Misawa Air Base was built by the Japanese prior to World War II with the idea of establishing a northern base from which long range bombers could be launched toward Alaska in the event of war with the United States. The plan failed to materialize, ahd the Japanese used the base to train Army and Navy pilots and to test new type aircraft. It was also used to train sabotage teams to destroy Allied air- craft during the latter days of the war. As U.S. forces closed in on Japan, carrier based “Hell Cats" raked Mi- Sawa's buildings and runways for several days prior to raids by B-29's, which practically demolished the base. Hardly an original building was left intact. In 1945, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers moved in and restored the base for use by the U.S. Air Force, which has continued to sta- tion parts at Misawa Air Base and to serve as the base host. U.S. Army Field Station Misawa was the recipient of the 1980 Travis Trophy, presented annually to the most outstanding service cryptologic unit. ASA operations in the home islands of Japan began in December 1945 with 126th Signal Service Company at Kyoto, which was repiaced in 1951 by Field Station (8610) (April 1951 to May 1958). Other stations included Chitose (April 1951 to March 1971) and Hakata (October 1955 to June 1972). Field Station Misawa is the jlast in the line of Army field stations to be located on the main islands of Japan. Unit Day. 1 October. U.S. Army Field Station Misawa cele- brates its organization on 1 October 1970. one
U.S. Army Field Station Okinawa The organization which ultimately would become today's Field Station Okinawa was originally established on 14 July 1961 when the 5lst U.S. Army Security Agency Special Operations Command was organized at Sobe, Okinawa, replacing the 3d u.S. Army Security Agency Field Station, which was discontin- ued two months later on 24 September. The 51st USASA SOC was assigned to the U.S. Army Security Agency and further assigned to HQ USASA, Pacific. The 5lst USASA SOC took over a mission which dates back as far as 1945 when the Ist Operating Platoon, 126th Signal Service Company entered Okinawa in April to support U.S. forces during the Ryukyus Campaign of World War II. On 5 July, the 125th Signal Service Company was also deployed to Okinawa for a two-month period until the Japanese sur- render and the end of the war. The following is an excerpt from the 125th's diary: “On the 17 of July all the equipment had been unloaded from the ship [the Navy LS “Jackpot"] and moved to the new site on the north side of Motobu Peninsula. Operations had already started on July 6 and continued through July and August while everyone pitched in to build what was probably the best company area we ever had overseas. Okinawa was found to be quite a scenic little place, but with wind, rain, mud, sun, and heat plentiful, and with the nightly enemy air raids and a few ground alerts to occupy our minds, the ‘delight’ of being in Okinawa soon wore off. After Japan's surrender, it really became a very quiet place." From the end of the war on, the Army Security Agency had a continual presence on the island. The list Operating Platoon, 126th Signal Service Company remained on the island at Shimabuku until July 1948, when the unit (less personnel and equipment) was transferred to Kyoto, Japan. At the same time, the 1lith Signal Service Company was transferred from Seoul, Korea, to Okinawa and in the process assumed the personnel and mission formerly assigned to the lst Operating Platoon, 126th Signal Service Company. The 111th Signal Service Conpany (redesignated the 327th Communication Re- connaissance Company effective 25 October 1951) was ulti- mately transferred, less personnel and equipment, to Fu- shimi, Japan, on 1 September 1952. In the meantime, on 1 107
April 1951, Field Station (8603) was organized at Futema, Okinawa, and assigned to the ll1lth Signal Service Company. Field Station (8603) relocated to Sobe on 3 August 1953 and began operations at the new location on 16 November. Onl January 1957, the field station was redesignated the 3d USASA Field Station. The field station's facilities were named Torii Station on 20 November 1958. Shortly there- after, the unit adopted its slogan "Best in the Business" which was inspired by numerous accolades the station was receiving at the time. On 14 July 1961, the 5lst USASA Special Operations Command was organized replacing the con- currently discontinued 3d USASA Field Station. Over the years, the 5lst USASA SOC exercised control over various ASA units including the following: USASA Security Company, Sobe (25 July 1961 to 30 September 1972); USASA Field Station Taiwan (25 July 1961 to 30 June 1972); and 400th ASA Special Operations Detachment (3 April 1969 to 1 July 1974). Internally, the 51st USASA SOC consisted of Hq & Service Company and the 3d USASA Operations Company. On 15 June 1965, these were discontinued and Companies A, B, and € organized. In addition to Field Station Sobe personnel, Torii Station was the home base for Navy and Marine Corps personnel and the tri-service Joint Sobe Processing Center (1961 to 1971). On 15 December 1967, the Slst USASA SOC was redesignated as the U.S. Army Security Agency Field Station, Sobe. With the discontinuance of HQ USASA, Pacific, the field station was reassigned on 30 June 1972 to HQ USASA (and its successor, the U.S. Army Intelligence and Security Command, after 1 January 1977). In December 1973, the lettered companies were subordinated to a Troop Command. The Troop Command was redesignated the Operations Battalion in October 1974, and concurrently, the Support Battalion was organized. Field Station Okinawa received the Travis Trophy in 1976 in recognition for its outstanding contributions. The Travis Trophy is awarded annually to the service cryptologic unit which excels in the field of operations, management, and administration. On 1 May 1977, the unit was again redesignated, this time as U.S. Army Field Station Okinawa. On 22 January 1979, the Ope- rations and Support Battalions along with their companies were discontinued and a new Troop Command organized to over- see the Headquarters and Operations Companies. On 1 August 1983, this organization was replaced when Operations Com- pany was redesignated as Operations Battalion (Provisional) consisting of three companies (Headquarters and Operations, 108
Company A, and Company B). On 1 January 1984, the new organ- ization was formalized. Unit Day: 8 April. U.S. Army Field Station Okinawa commemo- rates the beginning of its mission on Okinawa in April 1945, 109
U.S. Army Field Station Panama On 1 October 1982, U.S. Army Field Station Panama was organized at Galeta Island, Republic of Panama, and assigned to the U.S. Army Intelligence and Security Command. Although the field station is relatively new, its mission dates back to the 1930's. A detachment of the Signal Service Company (Panama) was activated in July 1935 at Quarry Heights, Panama Canal Zone. The detachment was one of only two such units worldwide which possessed both trained personnel and adequate equipment necessary to actively perform an operational role in the mobilization phase prior to the United States entry into Worid War II. On 1 January 1939, the 22-man detachment was rede- Signated as the Panama Detachment, 2d Signal Service Company and placed under the newly constituted 2d Signal Service Company (the 2d Signal Service Battalion after April 1942), which was created to control fixed stations located worldwide. The Panama Netachment was active until 19 February 1943 when it was discontinued and its personnel transferred to other 2d Battalion units with higher priorities. For over ten years, there was no Army unit performing the mission in the canal zone. However, in 1953, Headquarters, Army Security Agency, Caribbean (organized on 26 July 1949 at Fort Kobbe, Panama Canal Zone) was assigned a similar mission by its parent organization, the Army Security Agency. Over the years, the Caribbean unit underwent several redesi- gnations and relocations. On 6 December 1961, HQ USASA, Caribbean relocated from Fort Kobbe to Fort Clayton. Effective 22 July 1963, the headquarters was redesignated HQ USASA, Southern Command (SOUTHCOM). For a brief period from 1966 to 1967, the unit had an element, Detachment B, located on Galeta Island. As part of a worldwide trend within the Army Security Agency in the early 1970's, area headquarters were discontinued and smaller units directly subordinate to HQ USASA were substi- tuted. On 31 March 1971, HQ USASA, Southern Command was dis- continued and the USASA Detachment, Southern Command was organ- ized in its piace. On 1 February 1977, the detachment was redesignated the u.S. Army Intelligence and Security Command Detachment, Southern Command, reflecting the redesignation of the U.S. Army Se- curity Agency as the U.S. Army Intelligence and Security Command, a multidiscipline intelligence organization. On the same day, the detachment was .subordinated to the 470th Military Intelligence Group. By 1 October 1977, the detachment was relocated to.Fort Amador and its mission integrated with 197
the 470th MI Group. This integration spelled the first Significant at*empt among INSCOM units to fulfill their par- ent organization's charter of providing multidiscipline sup- port. The INSCOM Detachment, Southern Command was formally discontinued on 16 November 1978, While assigned to the 470th MI Group, the unit was largely responsible for the group being named the 1977 recipient of the Travis Trophy, awarded annually to the outstanding Service cryptologic unit. The terms of the new canal treaties with Panama, implemented on 1 October 1977, directed that all U.S. office space at Fort Amador would be transferred. The 470th MI Group completed its move from Fort Amador to Fort Clayton, Panama, on 1 October 1979. On 1 September 1981, Detachment C, 470th MI Group was formed as an internal organization upon which a separate field station could be built. On 20 January 1982, the detachment's personnel were relocated to Galeta Island, Republic of Panama. Here on 1 October 1982, the detachment was discontinued, and U.S. Army Field Station Panama organized. Unit Day: 1 October. U.S. Army Field Station Panama cele- brates its organizational birth date of 1 October 1982, ¥12
U.S. Army Field Station San Antonio The U.S. Army Security Agency Field Station, San Antonio was organized on 30 June 1974 at Kelly Air Force Base, Texas, and assigned to the U.S. Army Security Agency (and its successor, the U.S. Army Intelligence and Security Command, after 1 Jan- uary 1977). For years, the Army Security Agency and the Air Force Security Service operated separate processing centers for-simitar misstons at Vint Hill Farms Station, Virginia, and “at Lacxtand Atr Force Base, San Antonio. As a result of- efforts underway within the Department of Defense to effect monetary savings, it was decided to consolidate the two ef- forts at iackland Air Force Base by 1 July 1974, The headquarters and billets of the field station are lo- cated at Kelly Air Force Base. Originally, the unit consisted of Companies A and B. However, on 10 January 1983, Company A was discontinued, and on 15 July 1983, Company B was redesig- nated ‘as Headquarters and Operaticens Company. The operations facilities of the Consolidated Security Operations Center ({CSOC) are located approximately five miles away at Lackland Air Force Base Training Annex. The CSOC is jointly staffed by personnel from the field station and the 6993d Electronic Security Squadron. On 15 August 1974, the field station was designated "Alamo Station" after the famous Alamo of San Antonio, Texas, where "Remember the Alamo" became a raliying battle cry for independence. (The name is used with permission of the Daughters of the Republic of Texas.) The Consolidated Security Operations Center was the recipient of the 1975 Travis Trophy, presented to the service crypto- logic unit which made the most outstanding contribution during the year. The field station was also the recipient of the Air Force Outstanding Unit Award, in recognition of the soldiers who worked with personnel of the 6993d Electron- ic Security Squadron from 1 July 1975 to 30 June 1977, On 1 May 1980, USASA Field Station, San Antonio was redesig- nated as U.S. Army Field Station San Antonio. Unit Day. 30 June. U.S. Army Field Station San Antonio cele- brates its organizational birth date of 30 June 1974,