liTJMBES    5  5-37 
S2ADQCARTERS  ECJ3-JRC 
uNITED    STATES    EUROPEAN  COMMAND  ED    55-37 
APO   09128-4209 
1 1  DEC  1SS6 
OPERATIONS  (U) 
Peacetime  Reconnaissance  and 
Certain  Sensitive  Operations  (U) 
*-■•   <U)   Purpose.   To  prescribe  responsibilities,  procedures, 
and  controls  for  )lanning  and  conducting  peacetime  recon- 
naissance and  cg::  :ain  sensitive  operations  in  the  U.S.  European 
Command  (U5E0CCM)  area  of  responsibility  (AOR).   This  Directive 
applies  to  all  conmands  conducting  peacetime  reconnaissance  and 
sensitive  operations  within  the  USEUCOM  AOR. 
2.  (U)   References,   See  Appendix  A. 
3.  (U)   Explanation  of  Terras. 
a.   (D)   Approval  Authority.   The  organization  or  indivi- 
dual granting  final  approval  for  the  conduct  of  peacetime  recon- 
naissance or  certain  sensitive  operations* 
+  o.  (U)      Emergency  Reconnaissance.   Any  recvncaisaance 
r .per a -ion  conducted  for  the  purpose  of  collecting  iafcrm.it ion  of 
urgent  operational  significance  that  will  serve  as  a  basis  for 
-'.'arnir.g  of,  cr  aciion  to  counter,  imminent,  attack  again/it:  the 
"inirad  States  cr  irs  allies  or  major  elements  of  their  niiitary 
forces.   Within  i:ie  USEUCOM  AOR,  emergency  reconnaissance  will" 
■■>niy  be  declared  by  the  Deputy  Commander  in  Chief  Europe 
' DCISCEUR)  or  hic/aer  authority. 
*c.   (U)   Peacetime  Airborne  Reconnaissances  Program  CPARPRO). 
PARPRC  is  that  portion  of  the  peacetime  reconnaissance  and  cer- 
tain 3ensiti.ro  c.£  orations  program  which  deals  with  management  of 
airtcrne  recc-n::.?  :  33anco  coen-.tions* 
4.   (U)   Resoo.nr  •'  3 i  1  i  t i es  . 
.4 
a,   (U)   7h<;  Director  of  Intelligence ,  F.CJ2,    will: 
*C1)   (D)   Review,  evaluate,  and  take  action  as  required 
to  ensure  the  satisfaction  of  requiremants  levied  en   USEUCOM 
reconnaissance  resources. 
This  Directive  supersedes  E0  55-37,  19  July  84.
ED  55-37  11  DEC  1935 
*(2)   (U)   Establish  procedures  for  the  rapid  validation 
of  time  sensitive  collection  requirements  against  targets 
opportunity. 
of 
*(3)   (U)   Provide  intelligence  justification  for 
reconnaissance  requirements  levied  on  reconnaissance  assets 
under  the  operational  control  of  the  United  States  Commander  in 
Chief  Europe  (USCINCEUR). 
*(4)   (U)   Designate  a  single  point  of  contact  within 
the  European  Collection  Management  Office  (ECMO)  for  all  matters 
involving  the  support  of  peacetime  reconnaissance  and  certain 
sensitive  operations. 
*(5)   (U>   Receive,  collate,  and  provide  to  the  Director 
of  Operations,  ECT3,  information  regarding  unusual  or  hostile 
reactions  tc  ope^^tions  conducted  under  this  Directive. 
*(6)   (U)*  When  appropriate  or  requested,  recommend 
mission  assessment  revisions. 
*(7)   (U)   Provide  a  representative  to  USEUCOM  Recon- 
naissance Conferences. 
*(8)   (0)   Ensure  that  subordinate  and  supporting  com- 
mands conducting  reconnaissance  operations  in  the  USEUCCM  AOR 
submit  monthly  reconnaissance  highlights  reports  in  accordance 
with  (IAW)  the -format  at  Annex  B  of  this  document. 
b.   (U)   The  Director  of  Operations,  ECJ3,  will; 
*(1)   (0)   Establish  and  maintain  a  Joint  Reconnaissance 
Center  (JRC)  to  provide  command  supervision  over  peacetime  recon- 
naissance and  certain  sensitive  operations  within  the  USEUCCM 
AOR  in  accordance  with  this  Directive  and  JCS  SM  401-82. 
*(2)   (U).  Plan,  schedule,  and  monitor  peacetime  recon- 
naissance and  certain  sensitive  operations  within  the  USEUCOM 
AOR  IAW  JCS  Pub  6  Reconnaissance  Reports.   These  reports  are 
compatible  with  the  automated  Reconnaissance  Information  System 
(RIS)  resident  in  WWMCCS.   RIS  is  the  primary  method  for 
planning,  scheduling,  and  monitoring  reconnaissance  operations 
within  the  OSEUCOii  AOR.   Components  will  participate  in  RIS  to 
the  maximum  extent  possible  as  it  affords  a  common  data  base  for 
all  the  functions  and  a  secure  means  to  communicate  among 
theater  operations.
11  DEC  1986  ED  55-37 
*(4)   (U)   Ensure  the  capability  to  advise,  warn,  and/or 
recall  reconnaissance  aircraft. 
*{5)   (U)   Establish  procedures  to  protect  recon- 
naissance aircraft  conducting  operations  under  this  Directive. 
(7)   (U)   Coordinate  USEUCOM  staff  review  and  approval 
of  component  command  plans  and  orders  regarding  peacetime  recon- 
naissance and  certain  sensitive  operations. 
*(8)   (U)   Obtain  DCINCEUR  approval  and  forward  to  JCS , 
as  appropriate,  all  plans  and  schedules  for  peacetime  recon- 
naissance and  certain  sensitive  operations. 
(10)  (U)   Make  recommendations  to  DCINCEUR  on  imposing 
emergency  reconnaissance  and  if  approved,  advise  JCS  and  other 
affected  agencies  of  emergency  reconnaissance  operations  as  soon 
as  conditions  permit. 
*(li)  (U)   Be  the  single  point  of  contact  with  foreign 
governments  concerning  matters  of  peacetime  reconnaissance  and 
certain  sensitive  operations  conducted  within  the  USEUCOM  AOR. 
The  following  are  excluded  from  this  constraint:  (1)  coor- 
dination actions  ;ith  air  traffic  control  agencies,  (2)  NATO 
flight  following  agencies,  (3)  requests  for  diplomatic  clear- 
ances in  connection  with  operations  conducted  under  this  Direc- 
tive, (4)  coordination  of  routine  operations  conducted  I AW 
cpDroved  international  or  allied  military  agreements,  and  (5) 
similar  matters  of  a  routine  nature  and  which  devolve  from  the 
execution  of  approved  operations. 
*(12)  (U)   Chair  a  USEUCOM  Reconnaissance  Conference  to 
review  programs,  define  and  resolve  problems,  coordinate 
efforts,  and  improve  the  overall  efficiency  of  operations 
governed  by  this  Directive. 
c.   (U)   The  Director  of  Command,  Control,  and  Com- 
munications Systems,  ECC3S,  willi 
(1)   (U)   Advise  and  coordinate  on  communications  mat- 
ters affecting  peacetime  reconnaissance  and  certain  sensitive
2D  55-37  11  0EC1S8S 
operations. 
(2)  (0)   Provide  assistance  in  arranging  com- 
munications capabilities  suitable  to  the  command, 'control,  and 
reporting  requirements  associated  with  peacetime  reconnaissance 
and  certain  sensitive  operations. 
(3)  (U)   Provide  radio  frequencies  for  use  in  con- 
nection with  peacetime  reconnaissance  and  certain  sensitive 
operations  on  request. 
d.   (U)   CINCUSAREUR,  CINCUSNAVEUR ,  and  CINCUSAFE  will: 
*(1)   (D)   Plan  and  conduct  peacetime  reconnaissance  and 
certain  sensitive  operations  IAW  this  Directive. 
(3)  (U)   Submit  to  HQ  DSEUCOM  ECJ3-JRC  proposed  sched- 
ules for  reconnaissance  operations  to  be  conducted  under  this 
Directive. 
(4)  (U)   Establish,  within  the  component  headquarters, 
a  single  office  of  primary  responsibility  (OPR)  for  administra- 
tive matters  related  to  peacetime  reconnaissance  and  certain 
sensitive  operations.   This  requirement  should  not  be  construed 
to  preclude  division  of  operational  responsibilities  as  deemed 
necessary.   It  does  require  that  one  office  be  designated  as  the 
command's  primary  point  of  contact  if  responsibility  for  peace- 
time reconnaissance  or  certain  sensitive  operations  is  divided 
among  two  or  more  offices. 
*(5)   (U)   Establish  procedures  for  continuous  moni- 
toring of  component  peacetime  reconnaissance  and  certain  sen- 
sitive operations  and  immediately  advise  HQ  USEUCOM  ECJ3-JRC  of 
the  current  status  of  operations  when  reconnaissance  reports  are 
not  recei/ed  within  1/2  hour.   A  dedicated  watch  is  not 
required.   A  continuous  point  of  contact,  knowledgeable  of  the 
current  status  of  ongoing  and  planned  component  operations,  is 
required.   This  function  may  be  consolidated  within  the  com- 
ponent headquarter ' s  existing  watch  structure  if  desired. 
(6)   (0)   Establish  a  capability  to  advise,  warn, 
and/or  recall  reconnaissance  aircraft  under  their  operational 
control.
*(8>   (0)   Advise  HQ  USEUCOM  ECJ3-JRC  of  any  unusual  or 
hostile  reactions  to  reconnaissance  aircraft  or  violations  of 
controlling  directives  via  the  fastest  available  means. 
*(10)  (U)   Provide  HQ  USEUCOM  ECJ3-JRC/ECJ2-C  intelli- 
gence justifications  for  requirements  levied  by  the  component 
command  for  reconnaissance  aircraft  operating  under  this  Direc- 
tive. 
*(11)  (0)   Establish  procedures  to  ensure  prompt  distri- 
bution of  operational  and  intelligence  data  collected  by  their 
reconnaissance  aircraft  operating  under  this  Directive. 
*(12)  (U)   Provide  a  representative  to,  USEUCOM  Recon- 
naissance Conference. 
e.   (U)   The  Chief,  National  Security  Agency,  Central 
Jecurity  Service,  Europe  (NCEUR)  will: 
(1)   (U)   Appoint  a  representative  to  the  aSEOCOM  Joint 
Reconnaissance  Center  to  serve  as  a  point  of  contact  for  matters 
pertaining  to  peacetime  reconnaissance  and  certain  sensitive 
operations. 
*(2)   (0)   Provide  assistance  and  advice  to  JRC  on 
SIGINT  aspects  of  USEUCOM  AOR  peacetime  reconnaissance  and  cer- 
tain sensitive  operations. 
*(4)   (U)   Provide  a  representative  to  USEUCOM  Recon- 
naissance Conferences. 
f.   (U)   The  Commander,  USEUCOM  Defense  Analysis  Center 
(EUDAC)  will: 
5.   (U)   Policy  and  Procedures. 
*c.   (U)   General.   Peacetime  reconnaissance  and  certain 
sensitive  operations  within  the  USEUCOM  AOR  will  be  admin- 
istered I AW  this  Directive,  SM  401-82,  and  JCS  Pub  6>  Vol  II, 
Part  6.   Deviations  from  specified  procedures  must  be  recru«sted 
from  HQ  USEUCOM  ECJ3-JRC, 
*(2)   (U)   Not  penetrate  areas  requiring  fighter  suo- 
port. 
**       *>i3K    (U).  If  flown-  outside  friendly  radar  coveraqe,  be 
fxown  under  day  visual  flight  rules.   If  instrument  flight  rules 
exist,  the  aircrew  will  file  an  International  Civil  Aviation 
Organization  (ICAO)  flight  plan.  n/xa^ion
g.   (U)   Rules  of  Engagement  (ROE). 
*(1)   (U)   Unless  othorwise  directed,  USEUCOM  Directive 
55-47  will  govern  the  ROE  for  peacetime  reconnaissance  and  other 
sensitive  operations  within  the  USEUCOM  AOR. 
*(2)   (U)   Operations  will  be  conducted  in  strict  accord 
with  approved  CONOPS  and  will  be  executed  as  planned  and  sched- 
uled.  Deviations  from  approved  tracks  require  the  specific 
approval  of  HQ  USEUCOM  ECJ3-JRC.   However,  deviations  to  avoid 
temporary  restricted  danger  areas,  warning  areas,  or  severe 
weather  along  the  intended  track  are  authorised  at  the  discre- 
tion of  the  on-scene  commander,   No  deviation  will  result  in  a 
reduced  closest  point  of  approach  (CPA)  to  any  sensitive  country 
or  area.   All  deviations  will  be  reported  promptly  I AW  JCS  Pub 
6,  Vol  II,  Part  6. 
*(a)   (U)   Safety  compromises  of  any  nature. 
*(b)   (U)   When  the  geographic  position  of  the  aircraft 
is  uncertain  or  when  navigational  capabilities  have  been 
degraded  to  the  extent  that  accurate  navigation  can  no  longer  be 
assured. 
(2)   (U)   Sponsoring  Command  response  to  Condition  One: 
Action  will  be  taken  at  the  lowest  echelon  having  operational 
cr.-itroL  over  the  aircraft  involved  and  having  knowledge  cf  the 
incident  cr  circumstances. 
*(b)  (U)  Ensure  that  an  Operational  Incident  Report 
(0?R£?-2)  is  submitted  IAW  paragraph  5j  of  this  Directive  and 
JCS  pub  6,  and  that  HQ  USEUCOM,  ECJ3-JRC,  is  notified  by  secure 
telephone. 
(4)   (U)   Sponsoring  Command  response  to  Condition 
Two : 
*(b)   (U)   Sponsoring  Command:   Mo  action  required 
unless  mission  is  aborted,  in  which  case  an  abort  report  will  be 
issued  IAW  paragraph  5k  of  this  Directive. 
' 
(b)   (U)   Sponsoring  Command:   No  action  required. 
*(c)   (U)   Sponsoring  Command:   No  action  required 
unless  mission  is  aborted,  in  which  case  an  abort  report  wiU  be 
issued  IAW  paragre-h  5k.
1 1  DEC  1S35 
cD  5d-37 
(9)   (U)   Sponsoring  Command  response  to  Condition 
Seven:  No  action  required. 
*j.   (U)   Operational  Incident  Reporting  (OPREP-3).   Hostile 
reactions  or  other  significant  incidents  involving  personnel  or 
assets  engaged  in  peacetime  reconnaissance  and  certain  sensitive 
operations  under  thi3  Directive  will  be  reported  by  OPREP-3  for- 
mat I AW  JCS  Pub  6  (JRS). 
(1)  (U)   Reports  are  to  be  initiated  at  the  lowest 
command  having  knowledge  of  the  incident,  and  will  be 
transmitted  using  the  fastest  available  means. 
(2)  (U)   When  voice  reports  are  used  to  transmit  the 
initial  incident  report,  a  follow-up  OPREP-3  JOPREP  JIFFY 
PINNACLE  record  message  will  be  sent  by  IK  _3IATE  or  higher  pre- 
cedence as  soon  as  possible.   Record  message  traffic  will  be 
addressed  as  a  minimum  to  the  National  Military  Command  Center 
(NMCC),  the  JCS/JRC,  and  to  HQ  USEUCOM  ECJ3-JRC. 
(3)  (U)   Initial  reports  should  not  be  delayed  pending 
receipt  of  additional  information,  but  are  to  be  transmitted  as 
soon  as  sufficient  information  is  available  to  define  the  nature 
of  the  incident.   Amplifying  reports  are  to  be  submitted  as 
additional  information  becomes  available. 
*(4)  (U;  Reporting  will  not  be  delayed  due  to  EMCCN  or 
MINIMIZE  conditions  unless  in  the  judgement  of  the  on-scene  com- 
mander radio  transmissions  would  hazarc  the  aircraft  or  crew. 
*(5)   (Ui   If  a  crew  aborts  under  emergency  conditions, 
radio  silence  will  be  broken  and  international  distress  proce- 
dures will  be  used.   Once  the  emergency  is  brought  under  control 
and  the  safety  of  the  crew  and  aircraft  assured,  an  in-flight 
report  will  be  sent  providing  the  aircraft's  position,  nature  of 
the  emergency,  and  crew  intentions. 
(1)   (U)   Codewords  to  be  used  during  an  intercept  are: 
*(a)   (U)   Make  an  immediate  report  via  SAC  GIANT  TALK 
or  other  specified  net  IAW  paragraph  5j. 
(b)   (U)   Turn.  IFF/SIF  to  emergency. 
(e)   (U)   Cancel  the  emergency  condition  if  the  fiqhter 
breads  off,  but  continue  abort  if  bequn.
*n.   (U)   USEUCOM  Reconnaissance  Conference.   HQ  USEUCOM 
ECJ3-JRC,  will  chair  the  USEUCOM  Reconnaissance  Conference  when 
scheduled;  prepare,  approve,  and  distribute. proposed  agenda 
items  when  necessary;  and  coordinate  hosting  requirements. 
FOR  THE  COMMANDER  IN  CHIEF: 
HOWARD  G.  CROWELL,  JR. 
Lieutenant  General,  USA 
Chief  of  Staff 
IU3ER 
,TC,  USA 
Adjutant  General 
Appendixes 
A  -  References  (U) 
B  -  Monthly  Reconnaissance  Highlight  Report  Format  (U) 
*  1  DEC  1985 
ED  55-37 
Appendix  A 
References 
A-3.   JCS  SM  873-31,  Intelligence  Relationships  with  Com- 
manders of  Unified  and  Specified  Commands  (U)  (UNCLASSIFIED) 
*A-11.   ED  55-10,  Search  and  Rescue  (U)  (UNCLASSIFIED).
UNCLASSIflcO 
I1  DEC  1986  ffl    55.37 
Appendix  B 
Monthly  Reconnaissance  Highlight  Report  Format  (U) 
B-l.   Monthly  reconnaissance  highlight  reports  are  required  under 
JCS  401-82  and  DIAR  58-8.   Reports  should  be  submitted  to  HQ 
USEOCOM  ECJ2-C  NLT  the  25th  of  each  month  for  that  month's 
report.   ECJ2-C  will  then  consolidate  all  reports  and  submit  them 
to  DIA  and  JCS  for  review. 
B-2.   Required  monthly  reconnaissance  highlight  reoorts  should  be 
submitted  IAW  the  format  below: 
Significant  Item: 
Mission  -Name: 
Mission  Track: 
Date  of  Event: 
Area  of  Event: 
Intelligence  Discipline: 
Reported  Event: 
Significance  of  Event: 
Classification: 
B-l 
UNCLASSIFIED
(Page  1) 
DIRECTIVE 
NUMBER  55-37 
*b.   (U)  Emergency  Reconnaissance.  Any  reconnaissance 
operation  conducted  for  the  purpose  of  collecting  information  of 
urgent  operational  significance  that  will  serve  as  a  basis  for 
warning  of,  or  action  to  counter,  imminent  attack  against  the 
United  States  or  its  allies  or  major  elements  of  their  military 
forces.  Within  the  USEUCOM  AOR,  emergency  reconnaissance  will 
only  be  declared  by  the  Deputy  Commander  in  Chief  Europe 
(DCINCEUR)  or  higher  authority. 
*c.   (U)  Peacetime  Airborne  Reconnaissance  Program  (PARPRO) 
PARPRO  is  that  position  of  the  peacetime  reconnaissance  and  cer- 
tain sensitive  operations  program  which  deals  with  management  of 
airborne  reconnaissance  operations. 
4.    (U)   Responsibilities. 
a.    (U)  The  Director  of  Intelligence,  ECJ2,  will: 
(1)   (U)  Review,  evaluate,  and  take  action  as  required 
to  ensure  the  satisfaction  of  requirements  levied  on  USEUCOM 
reconnaissance  resources.