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22 23 24 25 26 28 29 30 31 33 CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY FACTBOOK CONTENTS Aerial Photograph of CIA Headquarters The CIA Seal Described and Interpreted CIA Chronology The Genesis of the CIA Directors and Deputy Directors—Tenures of Office Chart—Director of Central Intelligence Command Responsibilities Biography of Judge William H. Webster—Director of Central Intelligence Photograph of Judge William H. Webster Biography of Robert M. Gates—Deputy Director of Central Intelligence Photograph of Robert M. Gates The Director of Central Intelligence and His Principal Deputies Chart—The Intelligence Cycle The Intelligence Cycle Described The President’s Intelligence Organization Chart—The Intelligence Community Senate Select Committee on Intelligence and House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence Book of Honor The Memorial Stars CIA Medals Described Photograph of Medals Headquarters Building and Auditorium Described Nathan Hale Photo How to Obtain CIA Publications & Maps Available to the Public Central Intelligence Agency CREDO We Are Often Asked Presidential Visits to CIA September 1987
THE CIA SEAL Section 2 of the Central Intelligence Agency Act of 1949 provided for a seal of office for CiA. The design of the seal was approved and set forth on 17 February 1950 in President Truman’s Executive Order 10111. In Executive Order 10111, the CIA seal is described in heraldic terms as follows: . SHIELD: Argent, a compass rose of sixteen points gules. CREST: On a wreath argent and gules an American bald eagle’s head erased proper. Below the shield on a gold color scroll the inscription ‘“‘United States of America” in red letters, and encircling the shield and crest at the top the inscription ‘‘Central intelligence Agency’”’ in white letters. All on a circular blue background with a narrow gold edge. The interpretation of the CIA seal is as follows: The American Eagle is the national bird and is a symbol of strength and alertness. The radiating spokes of the compass rose depict the coverage of intelligence data from all areas of the world to a central point.
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY CHRONOLOGY Tl July 194] 13 June 1942 1 October 1945 22 January 1946 18 September 1947 20 June 1949 4 August 1955 3 November 1959 20 September 196] 4 January 1975 27 January 1975 President Franklin D. Roosevelt appoints William J. Donovan Coordinator of Information. President Franklin D. Roosevelt signs Executive Order 9182. establishing the Office of Strategic Services (OSS) and naming as its Director, William J. Donovan, a prominent lawyer who won the Congressional Medal of Honor as an Army Colonel in World War {. Donovan remained a civilian until 2 April 1943 when he was promoted to a Brigadier General. He advanced to the rank of Major General on 10 November 1944. President Harry S Truman’s Executive Order 9621 disbands the OSS and its functions are absorbed by the State and War Departments. President Truman signs a Presidential Directive establishing the Central Intelligence Group (CIG) to operate under the direction of the National Intelligence Authority (NIA). Rear Admiral Sidney W. Souers, USNR, appointed the first Direc- tor of Central Intelligence (DCI). The National Security Act of 1947 replaces the NIA with the National Security Council (NSC) and the CIG with the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). Congress enacts Central Intelligence Agency Act of 1949, supplementing the 1947 Act by specifying special fiscal and administrative procedures for the Agency. President Dwight D. Eisenhower signs a bill authorizing $46 million for construction of a CIA headquarters building. President Eisenhower presides at laying of cornerstone of CIA headquarters building in Langley, Virginia. First employees begin to move into new headquarters from various offices in Washington, D.C. area. President Gerald R. Ford signs Executive Order 11828 creat- ing the Commission on CIA Activities within the United States. Chaired by Vice President Nelson Rockefeller, the Commission submitted its report on CIA domestic activities to the President on 6 June 1975. The Senate establishes its Senate Select Committee to Study Governmental Operations With Respect to Intelligence Activi- ties under the chairmanship of Senator Frank Church (D., Idaho). The Church Committee investigated the nation’s intel- ligence activities for 15 months and was disestablished upon submission of its final report on 26 April 1976.
19 February 1975 19 February 1976 19 May 1976 14 July 1977 4 August 1977 24 January 1978 20 October 1981 4 December 1981 23 June 1982 15 October 1984 1 November 1985 The House establishes its House Select Committee on Intelli- gence to investigate allegations of “illegal or improper” activities of federal intelligence agencies here and abroad. Its first chair- man was Representative Lucien Nedzi (D., Michigan), who was later replaced by Representative Otis G. Pike (D., New York). On 29 January 1976, two days before the Committee was scheduled to conclude its activities, the House voted to withhold public dissemination of the Committee’s final report. President Ford signs Executive Order 11905 which sets intelli- gence policy and guidelines and establishes an intelligence oversight mechanism. The Senate establishes a permanent Senate Select Committee on Intelligence under the chairmanship of Senator Daniel K. Inouye (D., Hawaii) to carry out oversight of the nation’s intelligence organizations. The House of Representatives establishes a House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence. Chaired by Representative Edward P. Boland (D., Massachusetts), it differs from the SSCI in that it has oversight jurisdiction over the CIA but shares with several other House committees legislative over- sight authority over all other intelligence agencies. President Jimmy Carter announces reorganization of the Intelligence Community, creating a high level committee chaired by the DCI to set priorities for collecting and produc- ing intelligence, and giving the DCI full control of budget and operational tasking of intelligence collection. President Carter signs Executive Order 12036 which reshapes the intelligence structure and provides explicit guidance on all facets of intelligence activities. President Reagan reconstitutes the President’s Foreign Intelli- gence Advisory Board and names 19 distinguished citizens outside of government to serve on the Board. President Reagan signs Executive Order 12333 which clarifies ambiguities of previous Orders and sets clear goals for the Intelligence Community in accordance with law and regard for the rights of Americans. President Reagan signs Public Law 97-200, the Intelligence Identities Protection Act, imposing criminal penalties on those who reveal the names of covert intelligence personnel. President Reagan signs the Central Intelligence Agency’s Infor- mation Act, an act to amend the FOIA Security Act of 1947 to regulate public distribution of information held by the CIA. Vice President Bush presides at the laying of the cornerstone for the Headquarters Building Expansion.
THE GENESIS OF THE CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY The United States has carried on foreign intelligence activities since the days of George Washington, but only since World War II have they been coordinated on a government-wide basis. Even before Pearl Harbor, President Franklin 9. Roosevelt was con- cerned about American intelligence deficiencies. He asked New York lawyer Wilham J. Donovan to draft a plan for an intelligence service. The Office of . Strategic Services was established in June 1942 with a4 mandate to coliect and analyze strategic information required by the Join: Chiefs of Staff and to conduct special operations not assigned to other agencies. During the War it supplied policymakers with essential facts and intelligence estimates and often played an important role in directly aiding military campaigns. But the OSS never received complete jurisdiction over all foreign intelligence activities. Since the early 1930s the FBI had been responsible for intelligence work in Latin America, and the military services protected their areas of responsibility. In October 1945, the OSS was disbanded and its functions absorbed by the State and War Departments. But the need for a postwar centralized intelligence system was clearly recognized. Eleven months earlier, Donovan, by then a Major General, had submitted to President Roosevelt a proposal calling for the separation of OSS from the Joint Chiefs of Staff with the new organization having direct Presidential supervision. Donovan proposed an “organization which will procure intelligence both by overt and covert methods and will at the same time provide intelligence guidance, determine national intelligence objectives, and correlate the intelli- gence material collected by all government agencies.” Under his plan, a powerful centralized agency would have coordinated all the intelligence services. He also proposed that this agency have authority to conduct “subversive operations abroad,” but ‘tno police or law enforcement functions, either at home or abroad.” Donovan's plan drew heavy fire. The military services generally opposed a complete merger. The State Department thought it should supervise all peacetime operations affecting foreign relations. The FBI supported a system whereby military intelligence worldwide would be handled by the armed services and all civilian activities under its own jurisdiction. In response to this policy debate, President Harry S Truman established the Central Intelligence Group in January 1946, directing it to coordinate existing departmental intelligence, supplementing but not supplanting their services. This was all to be done under the direction of the National
Intelligence Authority composed of a Presidential representative, and the Secretaries of State, War and Navy. Rear Admiral Sidney W. Souers, USNR, who was the Deputy Chief of Naval Intelligence, was appointed the first Director of Central Intelligence. Twenty months later, the NIA and its operating component, the CIG, were disestablished. Under the provisions of the National Security Act of 1947 (which became effective on 18 September 1947) the National Security Council and the Central Intelligence Agency were established. Most of the statute’s specific assignments given the CIA, as well as the prohibitions on police and internal security functions, closely follow both the original 1944 Donovan plan and the Presidential directive creating the CIG. The 1947 Act charged the CIA with coordinating the nation’s intelli- gence activities and correlating, evaluating and disseminating intelligence which affects national security. In addition, the Agency was to perform such other duties and functions related to intelligence as the NSC might direct. The Act also made the DCI responsible for protecting intelligence sources and methods. It was further stated that both the Director and the Deputy Director of Central Intelligence were to be appointed by the President, subject to confirmation by the Senate. An amendment of 4 April 1953 authorized such appointments to be made either from individuals in civilian life or from commissioned officers of the armed services, either in active or retired status, provided that “at no time shall the two positions . . . be occupied simulta- neously by commissioned officers.” In 1949, the Central Intelligence Agency Act was passed supplementing ine 1947 Act. Congress enacted additional provisions permitting the Agency to use confidential fiscal and administrative procedures and exempting CIA from many of the usual limitations on the expenditure of federal funds. It pro- vided that CIA funds could be included in the budgets of other departments and then transferred to the Agency without regard to the restrictions placed on the initial appropriation. This Act is the statutory authority for the secrecy of the Agency’s budget. In order to further protect intelligence sources and methods from disclosure, the 1949 Act further exempted the CIA from having to disclose its “organization, functions, names, officials, titles, salaries, or numbers of personnel employed.” Under these acts of Congress, the Director serves as the principal adviser to the President and the National Security Council on all matters of foreign intelligence related to the national security. CIA’s responsibilities are carried out subject to various directives and controls by the President and the NSC. Today the CIA reports regularly to the Senate and House Select Committees on Intelligence and the Senate and House Appropriations Committees.
DIRECTORS OF CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE RADM Sidney W. Souers, USNR 23 January 1946-10 June 1946 LTGEN Hoyt S. Vandenberg, USA 10 June 1946—1 May 1947 RADM Roscoe H. Hillenkoetter, USN 1 May 1947-7 October 1950 GEN Walter Bedell Smith, USA 7 October 1950-9 February 1953 The Honorable Allen W. Dulles * 26 February 1953~29 November 1961 The Honorable John A. McCone 29 November 1961-28 April 1965 VADM William F. Raborn, Jr. (USN, Ret.) 28 April 1965-30 June 1966 The Honorable Richard Helms 30 June 1966-2 February 1973 The Honorable James R. Schlesinger 2 February 1973-2 July 1973 The Honorable William E. Colby 4 September 1973-30 January 1976 The Honorable George Bush 30 January 1976-20 January 1977 ADM Stansfield Turner (USN, Ret.) ** 9 March 1977-20 January 1981 The Honorable William J. Casey 28 January 1981-~-29 January 1987 The Honorable William H. Webster 26 May 1987- °Mr. Dulics served as Acting DCI from 9-26 February 1953 °° Admiral Turner retired from the Navy on 31 December 1978 while serviag as DCI DEPUTY DIRECTORS Kingman Douglass * 2 March 1946-11 July 1946 BGEN Edwin K. Wright, USA 20 January 1947—9 March 1949 The Honorable William H. Jackson 7 October 1950-3 August 1951 The Honorable Ailen W. Dulles 23 August 1951-26 February 1953 GEN Charles P. Cabell, USAF 23 April 1953-31 January 1962 LTGEN Marshall S. Carter, USA 3 April 1962-28 April 1965 The Honorable Richard Helms 28 April 1965-30 June 1966 VADM Rufus L. Taylor, USN 13 October 1966-31 January 1969 LTGEN Robert E. Cushman, Jr., USMC 7 May 1969-31 December 1971 LTGEN Vernon A. Walters, USA ** 2 May 1972-7 July 1976 The Honorable E. Henry Knoche *** 7 July 1976-31 July 1977 John F. Blake **** 31 July 1977-10 February 1978 The Honorable Frank C. Carlucci 10 February 1978-20 January 1981 ADM Bobby R. Inman, USN 12 February 1981-10 June 1982 The Honorable John N. McMahon 10 June 1982-28 March 1986 The Honorable Robert M. Gates ***** 18 April 1986— Mr. Douglass served as Acting DDCI from 2 Marchi! July 1946 °°GEN Walters ecrved as Acting DC! fram 3 July 1973-3 Semember 1973 **°Mr. Kaocke served ax Acting DC] from 20 January 1977-9 March 1977 o°9°Mr. Blake served as Acting DDCI from 3! July 1977-10 February !978 ooees Mr. Gates servesi ax Acting DC! from 18 December 1946-26 May 1987
Director of Central Intelligence Command Responsibilities National DCI Intelligence Council INTELLIGENCE } COMMUNITY Gener Public Affairs Congressional Aftairs DEPUTY DIRECTOR DEPUTY DIRECTOR lor DEPUTY DIRECTOR DEPUTY DIRECTOR for SCIENCE & for for OPERATIONS ADMINISTRATION TECHNOLOGY INTELLIGENCE Office of Research & Development Office of Office of Scientific Office of Soviet Analysis and Weapons Research {__ Medical Services cor sis Office of Global Issues Office of Security Office of Training ; & Educction 7 Office of Current Office of 4 Production and Offices of Finance Analytic S$ pport Office of African & Office of . eo gt Letin American Analysis Information Resources Office of Logistics Office of Development | & Engineering Foreign Broadcast Information Service Office of Neor Eastern & South Asion Analysis Office of SIGINT Operations Office of Technical Service 1 _ Interpretation Center Leadership - information Technolog; Analysis September 1987 Office of Personne! . "9 Office of Communications
BIOGRAPHY OF WILLIAM H. WEBSTER William H. Webster was sworn in as Director of Central Intelligence (DCI) on 26 May 1987. In this position he heads the Intelligence Community (all foreign intelligence agencies of the United States) and directs the Centra! Inteiligence Agency. William H. Webster was born 6 March, 1924, in St. Louis, Missouri, and received his early education in Webster Groves near St. Louis. He was awarded a Bachelor of Arts degree from Amberst College, Amherst, Massachusetts, in 1947, where, in 1975. he received an honorary Doctor of Laws degree. Judge Webster received his Juris Doctor degree from Washington University Law School, St. Louis, Missouri, in 1949. He served as a lieutenant in the United States Navy in World War II and again in the Korean War. A practicing attorney with a St. Louis law firm from 1949 to 1959, Judge Webster served as United States Attorney for the Eastern District of Missouri from 1960 to 1961. He returned to private practice in 1961. From 1964 to 1969, he was a member of the Missouri Board of Law Examiners. In 1970, Judge Webster was appointed a Judge of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Missouri and in 1973 was elevated to the United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit. He resigned on 23 February, 1978, to become Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation. During his service on the bench, Judge Webster was Chairman of the Judiciary Conference Advisory Committee on the Criminal Rules and was a member of the Ad Hoc Committee on Habeas Corpus and the Committee of Court Administration. , A member of the American Bar Association, the Council of the American Law Institute, the Order of the Coif, the Missouri Bar Integrated, and the Metropolitan St. Louis Bar Association. Judge Webster served as Chairman of the Corporation, Banking and Business Law Section of the American Bar Association, and is a fellow of the American Bar Foundation. Judge Webster was named Man of the Year, 1980, by the St. Louis Globe-Democrat, and in May, 1981, received the William Greenleaf Elliot Award from Washington University and the Riot Relief Fund Award in New York City. In October, 1982, he was presented the Fordham Law School Louis Stein Award, and in August, 1983, the international Platform Association Theodore Roosevelt Award for excellence in public service. In June, 1984, he received the Jefferson award for the Greatest Public Service by an Elected or Appointed Official. In May, 1985, he was presented the Freedoms Foundation National Service Medal in Valley Forge, Pennsylvania, and the First Annual Patrick V. Murphy Award from the Police Foundation, Washington, DC, for distinguished service in law enforcement. He was named Father of the Year for Public Service in May, 1986, by the National Father's Day Committee, and received the 1986 Thomas Jefferson Award in Law from the University of Virginia. Judge Webster was elected to active membership in the Nationa! Academy of Public Administration in October, 1981, and in May, 1985, became President of the Institute of Judicial Administration. In 1972, Judge Webster received a Washington University Alumni Citation for contributions to the field of law and, in 1977, received the Distinguished Alumnus Award from Washington University Law School. A member of the Board of Trustees of Washington University, the University of Colorado Law School Board of Visitors and the National Advisory Board of the American University, Judge Webster holds honorary degrees from Amherst College, DePauw University, William Woods College, Drury College, Washington University, Columbia College, University of Dayton School of Law, University of Notre Dame, Centre College, Dickinson School of Law, University of Miami, DePaui University, the American University, The John Jay College of Criminal! Justice, Westminster College and Georgetown University. Judge Webster was married to the late Drusilla Lane Webster and is the father of three children: Drusilla L. Busch, William H., Jr.. and Katherine H. Roessle. 10
12 BIOGRAPHY OF ROBERT M. GATES Robert M. Gates was sworn in as Deputy Director of Central Intelligence on 18 April 1986. In this position he is principal deputy to the Director, who heads the U.S. Intelligence Community (all of the foreign intelligence agencies of the United States) and directs the Central Intelligence Agency. Mr. Gates, a native of Kansas, received his BA Degree from the College of William and Mary in 1965, his Masters Degree in history from Indiana University in 1966, and his Doctorate in Russian and Soviet history from Georgetown University in 1974. Mr. Gates joined the Central Intelligence Agency in 1966, serving as an intelligence analyst and as one of two Assistant National Intelligence Officers for Strategic Programs. In 1974, he was assigned to the National Security Council Staff. After more than five years at the National Security Council, serving three Presidents, Mr. Gates returned to the Central Intelligence Agency in late 1979. He subsequentiy was appointed to a series of administrative positions and served as National Intelligence Officer for the Soviet Union prior to his appointment as Deputy Director for Intelligence in January 1982. As Deputy Director for Intelligence for nearly four and one-half years, Mr. Gates directed the Central Intelligence Agency’s component responsible for all analysis and production of finished intelligence. In September 1983, the Director appointed Mr. Gates Chairman of the National Intelligence Council concurrent with his position as Deputy Director for Intelligence. As Chairman of the National Intelligence Council, Mr. Gates directed the preparation of all National Intelligence Estimates prepared by the Intelligence Community. Mr. Gates served as Acting Director of Central Intelligence from 18 December 1986 unti! 26 May 1987. Mr. Gates is the recipient of the Distinguished Intelligence Medal, the Intelligence Medal of Merit and the Arthur S. Fleming Award, which is presented annually to the ten most outstanding young men and women in the Federal Service. Mr. Gates and his wife, Becky, have two children.
14 THE DIRECTOR OF CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AND HIS PRINCIPAL DEPUTIES DIRECTOR OF CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE (DCI) The DCI is the primary adviser to the President and the National Security Council on national foreign intelligence matters. He is the head of the Central Intelligence Agency and of such other staff elements as are required for the discharge of his Intelligence Community responsibilities. Executive Order 12333, issued by President Reagan on 4 December 1981, gives the DCI authority to develop and implement the National Foreign Intelligence Program budget and to coordinate the tasking of all Intelligence Community collection elements. In addition to staff elements of the Office of the DCI, the Intelligence Community consists of the Central Intelligence Agency; the National Security Agency; the Defense Intelligence Agency; the Offices within the Department of Defense responsible for collection of specialized national foreign intelli- gence through reconnaissance programs; the Bureau of Intelligence and Research of the Department of State; and the intelligence elements of the mil- itary services, the FBI, and the Departments of Treasury and Energy. The DCI also serves as chairman of the NSC’s Senior Interagency Group when it meets to consider intelligence matters. This committee addresses policy issues requiring interagency attention, deals with interdepartmental matters, and monitors the execution of approved intelligence policies and decisions. DEPUTY DIRECTOR OF CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE (DDCI) The DDCI is nominated by the President and confirmed by the Senate. He assists the Director by performing such functions as the DCI assigns or delegates. He acts for and exercises the powers of the Director in his absence or disability or in the event of a vacancy in the position of the Director. EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR The Executive Director is responsible for acting on behalf of the DCI and the DDCI in the overall daily management of the Central Intelligence Agency, including but not limited to the coordination of component activities and the development and execution of the Agency’s Annual Program. In order to carry out his responsibilities, the Executive Director is delegated all authorities vested in the DCI and the DDCI except as prohibited or proscribed by law or Agency regulation and policy.
DEPUTY DIRECTOR OF CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE FOR INTELLIGENCE (DDI) The DDI is the Director's principal adviser on the production of national intelligence, both as to how it is accomplished and what it contains. National intelligence is the assessment of events abroad needed by the President and his senior advisers for the formulation of foreign and national security policy. The DDI directs all of the DCI’s subordinate elements involved in the production of intelligence. The DDI and his staff also serve as the senior intelligence representatives in the NSC policymaking structure, ensuring that the Intelligence Commu- nity’s product is relevant to U.S. policy at the highest level. Additionally, he represents the DCI in matters of substantive intelligence with the rest of the Executive Branch at the Cabinet level, with Congress, with the academic and business worlds, and with the public. DEPUTY DIRECTOR OF CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE FOR ADMINISTRATION (DDA) The DDA is responsible for supporting administratively those Intelligence Community components under the jurisdiction of the DCI as well as the many other related functions one would normally expect in any large Federal agency. He handles finance, medical services, communications and the security of Agency personnel and facilities. DEPUTY DIRECTOR OF CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE FOR OPERATIONS (DDO) The DDO collects foreign intelligence, largely through secret means; Carries out counterintelligence responsibilities abroad: and undertakes, when directed by the National Security Council, other secret foreign intelligence tasks. DEPUTY DIRECTOR OF CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE FOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY (DDS&T) The DDS&T collects and processes information gathered by technical collection systems. He is also responsible for developing advanced technica! equipment to improve the collection and processing of information. DIRECTOR OF THE INTELLIGENCE COMMUNITY STAFF (D/ICS) The D/ICS supports the DCI in the exercise of Intelligence Community responsibilities assigned by Executive Order of the President. Examination of critical cross disciplinary intelligence problems, coordination of Community priorities and requirements, maintenance of Community planning mecha- nisms, and development of the National Foreign Intelligence Program budget are among the major activities of the ICS.
Intelligence Cycle Planning an d “V8 Direction \ " Dissemination Production and Analysis
Intelligence is knowledge and fore- knowledge of the world around us— the prelude to Prasidential decision and action. The Intelligence Cycle is ths process by which information is acquired, converted into intelligence, and made available to policymakers. There are usually five steps which constitute The Intelligence Cycle. 1. Planning and Direction This involves the management of the entire effort, from the identification of the need for data to the final delivery of an intelligence product to a customer. The whole process is initiated by requests or requirements for intelligence on certain subjects. These are based on the ultimate needs of the policymakers—the President, the National Security Council, and other major departments and agencies of government. 2. Collection This involves the gathering of the raw data from which finished intelligence will be produced. There are many sources for the collection of information, including foreign radiobroadcasts, newspapers, periodicals, and official government personne! stationed in Amarican embassies abroad. There are also secret sources, such as agents and defectors who provide information obtainable in no other way. Finally, technical collection— photography and electronics—has come to play an indispensable part in modern intelligence by extending the Nation's sensory system—its eyes and ears. 3. Processing This step is concerned with the conversion of the vast amount of information coming into the system to a form more suitable for the production of finished intelligence, such as language transtations and decryption. The information that does not go directly to analysts is sorted and made available for rapid computer retrieval. Processing also refers to data reduction—interpretation of the information stored on film and tape through the use of highly refined photographic and electronic processes. 4. Production and Analysis This refers to the conversion of basic information into finished intelligence. It includes the integration, evaluation, and analysis of al! available data and the preparation of a variety of intelligence products. Such products or estimstes may be presented as briefings, brief reports or lengthy studies. The ‘‘raw intelligence’ collected is frequently fragmentary and at times contradictory. Analysts, who are subject-matter specialists, produce finished intelligence by evaluating and integrating the various pieces of data and interpreting their meaning and significance. The subjects involved may concern different regions, problems, or personalities in various ccn- texts— political, geographic, economic, military, scientific, or biographic. Current events, capabili- ties, or probable developments in the future may also be examined. 5. Dissemination The last step is the distribution and handling of the finished intelligence to the consumers of intelligence, the same policymakers whose needs triggered the inteiligence Cycie. Sound policy decisions must be based on sound knowledge. intelligence aims to provide that knowledge. 7
THE PRESIDENT’S INTELLIGENCE ORGANIZATION Presidential Executive Order No. 12333, 4 December 1981, assigns the Director of Central Intelligence the responsibility to act as the primary adviser to the President and the National Security Council on national foreign intelligence. To discharge this and other assigned duties, the Director is the appointed head of both the Central Intelligence Agency and the Intelligence Community. These relationships and the mechanisms established by the Executive Order to sustain them are discussed below. NATIONAL SECURITY COUNCIL (NSC) The NSC was established by the National Security Act of 1947 to advise the President with respect to the integration of domestic, foreign, and military policies relating to the national security. The NSC is the highest Executive Branch entity providing review of, guidance for, and direction to the conduct of all national foreign intelligence and counterintelligence activities. The statutory members of the NSC are the President, the Vice President, the Secretary of State, and the Secretary of Defense. The Director of Central Intelligence and the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff participate as advisers. SENIOR INTERAGENCY GROUP, INTELLIGENCE (SIG-I) This committee of the NSC is composed variously of the Director of Central Intelligence, the Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs, the Deputy Secretary of State, the Deputy Secretary of Defense, the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, the Deputy Attorney General, the Director of the Federa! Bureau of Investigation, and the Director of the National Security Agency. The SIG chairman varies according to the meeting agenda, e.g., the Director of Central Intelligence is chairman when the body addresses intelligence matters. The SIG (Intelligence) is charged to advise and assist the NSC in discharging its authority and responsibility for intelligence policy and intelligence matters. It ensures that important intelligence policy issues requiring interagency attention receive full, prompt, and systematic coordination. It also monitors the execution of previously approved policies and decisions. PRESIDENT’S FOREIGN INTELLIGENCE ADVISORY BOARD (PFIAB) The PFIAB is maintained within the Executive Office of the President. Its several members serve at the pleasure of the President and are appointed from among trustworthy and distinguished citizens outside of Government
who are qualified on the basis of achievement, experience, and independence. They serve without compensation. The Board continually reviews the perform- ance of all Government agencies engaged in the collection, evaluation, or production of intelligence or in the execution of intelligence policy. It also assesses the adequacy of management, personnel, and organization in intelli- gence agencies and advises the President concerning the objectives, conduct, and coordination of the activities of these agencies. The PFIAB is specifically charged to make appropriate recommendations for actions to improve and enhance the performance of the intelligence efforts of the United States. This advice may be passed directly to the Director of Central Intelligence, the Central Intelligence Agency, or other agencies engaged in intelligence activities. PRESIDENT’S INTELLIGENCE OVERSIGHT BOARD (PIOB) The President's Intelligence Oversight Board functions within the White House. The PIOB consists of three members from outside the government who are appointed by the President. One of these, who serves as chairman, is also a member of the President's Foreign Intelligence Advisory Board. The PIOB is responsible for discovering and reporting to the President any inteliigence activities that raise questions of propriety or legality in terms of the Constitution, the laws of the U.S., or Presidential Executive Order. The Board is also charged with reviewing internal guidelines and the direction of the Intelligence Community. The PIOB is a permanent, non-partisan body. THE INTELLIGENCE COMMUNITY While the Director of Central Intelligence is head of the CIA, he is at the same time leader of the Intelligence Community of which CIA is but one component. The Intelligence Community refers in the aggregate to those Executive Branch agencies and organizations that conduct the variety of intelligence activities which comprise the total U.S. national intelligence effort. The Community includes the Central Intelligence Agency; the National Security Agency; the Defense Intelligence Agency; offices within the Department of Defense for collection of specialized national foreign intelligence through reconnaissance programs; the Bureau of Intelligence and Research of the Department of State; intelligence elements of the military services; the Federal Bureau of Investigation; the Department of the Treasury; the Department of Energy; and the Intelligence Community Staff. Members of the Intelligence Community advise the Director of Central Intelligence through their representation on a number of specialized committees that deal with intelligence matters of common concern. Chief among these groups is the National Foreign Intelligence Board, which the Director chairs.
The Intelligence Community Centrai Inteiligence Agency Defense Intelligence Agency DIRECTOR of CENTRAL Department INTELLIGENCE (DC1) ary of the eeseseene . Treasury wsewees intelligence INTELLIGENCE COMMUNITY Federal Navy Bureau of intelligence Investigation Air Force specialized Marine Intelligence intelligence intelligence Cl Department of Defense Elements [_] Departmental Intelligence Elements (Other than DoD) C independent Agency 20
SENATE SELECT COMMITTEE ON INTELLIGENCE (Formed 19 May 1976) David Boren (D., Oklahoma), Chairman William Cohen (R., Maine), Vice Chairman Patrick Leahy (D., Vermont) Lloyd Bentsen (D., Texas) Sam Nunn (D., Georgia) Ernest F. Hollings (D., South Carolina) Bill Bradley (D., New Jersey) Alan Cranston (D., California) Dennis DeConcini (D., Arizona) Howard Metzenbaum (D., Ohio) Ex Officio Member: Robert C. Byrd (D., West Virginia} William V. Roth, Jr. (R., Delaware) Orrin G. Hatch (R., Utah) Frank H. Murkowski (R., Alaska) Arlen Specter (R., Pennsylvania) Chic Hecht (R., Nevada) John Warner (R., Virginia) Ex Officio Member: Robert J. Dole (R., Kansas) HOUSE PERMANENT SELECT COMMITTEE ON INTELLIGENCE (Formed 14 July 1977) Louis Stokes (D., Ohio), Chairman Dave McCurdy (D., Oklahoma) Anthony C. Beilenson (D., California) Robert W. Kastenmeier (D., Wisconsin) Dan Daniel (D., Virginia) Robert A. Roe (D., New Jersey) George E. Brown, Jr. (D., California) Matthew F. McHugh (D., New York) Bernard J. Dwyer (D., New Jersey) Charles Wilson (D., Texas) Barbara B. Kennelly (D., Connecticut) Ex Officio Member: Thomas S. Foley (D., Washington) Henry J. Hyde (R., Hlinois) Dick Cheney (R., Wyoming) Bob Livingston (R., Louisiana) Bob McEwen (R., Ohio) Daniel E. Lungren (R., California) Bud Shuster (R., Pennsylvania) Ex Officio Member: Robert H. Michel (R., Illinois) 21
ZA t * * * * * * x * * * t * * * 2 * * * t JEROME P GINLEY WILLIAM ® BOTELER HOWARD CAREY FRANK G GRACE IR WILBURN S ROSE NELS L BENSON SOHNG MERRIMAN BUSTER EDENS EDWARD JOHNSON JOHN W WALTZ LOUIS A O'1BWaY BOOK OF HONOR eee © © + OSH FED ORE WALTER L RAY SILLY JACK JOHNSON JACK W WEEKS PAUL C DAVIS DAVID L KONZELMAN WILLIAM E BENNETT RICHARDS WELCH bee OOS EHD ROBERT C AMES SCOTT I VANLIESHOUT CURTIS R WOOD an ; ah fy we +. oer Splernae ine
IN HONOR OF THOSE MEMBERS OF THE CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY WHO GAVE THEIR LIVES IN THE SERVICE OF THEIR COUNTRY ~*~ © &§ w&* & & & we we we & ke we ee ee ee Ay pin Rey i FY - pz os, Ata . my ‘2 aes wy ee, Ft a v ws a ~ aes pi Sa — . Sage ” wy oe an . : oe WES Snot SEG =: al rg ne 4 see i ~ ~ aa ot a . 2 , 7. To re a ~ THE MEMORIAL STARS These words, carved in the marble facade of the North wail of the foyer of the CIA Headquarters Building, silently but permanently immortalize the lives of those whom the engraved stars represent. The glass-encased Book of Honor below the stars displays the names of those whose names can, in death, now be reveaied. The names of some of these dedicated Americans can never be revealed. (See opposite.) This simple but starkly elegant memorial was sculpted by Harold Vogel in July 1974, having been commissioned by the Fine Arts Commission of the Central Intelligence Agency in May 1973. 23
24 CIA MEDALS DISTINGUISHED INTELLIGENCE CROSS For a voluntary act or acts of exceptional heroism involving the acceptance of existing dangers with conspicuous fortitude and exemplary courage. DISTINGUISHED INTELLIGENCE MEDAL For performance of outstanding services or for achievement of a distinctly exceptional nature in a duty or responsibility. INTELLIGENCE STAR For a voluntary act or acts of courage performed under hazardous conditions or for outstanding achievements or services rendered with distinction under conditions of grave risk. INTELLIGENCE MEDAL OF MERIT For the performance of especially meritorious service or for an act or achieve- ment conspicuously, above normal duties. CAREER INTELLIGENCE MEDAL For a cumulative record of service which refiects exceptionai achievement. INTELLIGENCE COMMENDATION MEDAL For the performance of especially commendable service or for an act or achievement significantly above normal duties which results in an important contribution to the mission of the Agency. EXCEPTIONAL SERVICE MEDALLION For injury or death resulting from service in an area of hazard. GOLD RETIREMENT MEDALLION For a career of 35 years or more with the Agency. SILVER RETIREMENT MEDALLION For a career of 25 years or more with the Agency. BRONZE RETIREMENT MEDALLION For a career of at least 18 but less than 25 years with the Agency.
DISTINGUISHED INTELLIGENCE CROSS DISTINGUISHED INTELLIGENCE MEDAL INTELLIGENCE STAR INTELLIGENCE MEDAL OF MERIT For Extraordinary Meroism For Outstanding Service For Courageous Action For Meritorius Senice CAREER INTELLIGENCE MEDAL INTELLIGENCE COMMENDATION MEDAL EXCEPTIONAL SERVICE MEDALLION For Exceptional Achtevement For Especially Commendabte Services For Injury or Death in the Pertormance of Hazardous Duties GOLD RETIREMENT MEDALLION SILVER RETIREMENT MEDALLION BRONZE RETIREMENT MEDALLION 35 Years of Agency Sernce 25 Years of Agency Service 15 Years of Agency Service 25
26 The Central intelligence Agency Headquarters Building Background Designed in mid-1950s by New York Firm of Harrison and Abram- ovitz, designers of the United Nations building. Located about eight miles from downtown Wash- ington, the building and grounds were envisioned by the then Direc- tor of Central Intelligence, Allen W. Dulles, as projecting the atmo- sphere of a college campus. Construction Began October 1957, completed November 1963. Cornerstone iaid November 3, 1959. Concrete and Georgia marble used in main lobby and corridor. Space Building consists of 1,000,000 square feet. Building and grounds comprise 219 acres. A new build- ing with an additional million square feet is being planned. Library Research library available to Agency personnel only. 60,000 cat- alogued tities; 110,000 volumes; 1,700 newspapers and journa! sub- scriptions. Participates in inter- library loans with other libraries in United States. Emphasis is on basic and current information about foreign countries including a selection of foreign mewspapers, telephone directories, diplomatic lists, dictionaries and encyclope- dias. Art Work Selecicd and hung by CIA Fine Arts Committee. Collection on first floor from Arlington, Virginia, fi- nancier Vincent Melzac, a former Director of the Corcoran Gallery in Washington, D.C. Majority of col- lection is abstract, with emphasis on cclor studies. Features Actually completed during the Presidency of Dwight D. Eisen- hower—whose name appears on the cornerstone—the building was commissioned by his predecessor President Harry S Truman. Person- al messages of gratitude and ap- probation to the CIA from these two Presidents and their succes- sors are hung along a first floor corridor. A biblical verse characterizing the intelligence mission in a free society is etched into the wail of the central lobby. It reads: And ye shall know the truth and the truth shall make you free. John ViII-XXXIl Also on the wall of the central lobby is a bas-relief bust of Alten Weish Dulles who was the CIA Director for 9 years. The building was erected during his period in Office. Engraved in the same wall are memorial stars, each honoring a CIA empioyee whose life was lost in the service of his country. The names of many of these dedicated Americans can never be revealed. Headquarters Expansion In the spring of 1984, construc- tion began on a new 7-story struc- ture to be joined to the west facade of the original Headquarters Build- ing. The 1.41 million square foot addition will include two 7-story office towers connected by a 4- story podium containing technical support facilities and an employee services concourse. The project was designed by the Detroit archi- tectural and engineering firm of Smith, Hinchman & Grills to be in harmony with existing structures. Occupancy is expected in 1988.
The Central Intelligence Agency Headquarters Auditorium Was part of the original building design in mid-1950s. Construction Free-standing dome-shaped struc- ture connected to the Main Head- quarters Building by an under- ground passage. Space Approximately 7,000 square feet of floor space and seats 499 people. Stage Since it tacks the traditional cur- tain and “‘backstage,” the stage contains a projection screen that rises from and disappears into the floor. Lighting/Acoustics Lighting system supplemented with side and rear lights to accom- modate the use of color television cameras and motion picture film- ing. The large plaster rings on the inside surface of the dome were designed to enhance both the esthetic and acoustical character- istics of the structure. 27
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HOW TO OBTAIN PUBLICATIONS AND MAPS AVAILABLE TO THE PUBLIC * To obtain publications and selected maps, full or tailored subscriptions: (for documents published after 1 February 1979) National Technical Information Service (NTIS) U.S. Department of Commerce 5285 Port Royal Road Springfield, Virginia 22161 Telephone: NTIS Order Desk 703-487-4650; Subscription Desk 703-487-4630 * Hard copy, microfiche, or microfilm service ¢ Use NTIS document number when ordering * Subscription and Deposit Account service offered ¢ American Express, VISA, MasterCard, check, or money order accepted * Rush handling available * To obtain individual current publications as well as those published before February 1979: Library of Congress Photoduplication Service Washington, D.C. 20540 Telephone: 202-287-5650 ¢ Xeroxed copies, microfiche, or microfilm service ¢ Use Title of Document when ordering ¢ Check or money order accepted * To subscribe to all CIA publications: Document Expediting Project (DOCEX) Exchange and Gifts Division Library of Congress Washington, D.C. 20540 Telephone: 202-287-9527 Annual Subscription Fees: * $300.00—domestic mail ¢ $325.00—foreign surface mail * $375.00—foreign air mail * To obtain selected Maps and Atlases: Superintendent of Documents Government Printing Office (GPO) Washington D.C. 20402 Telephone 202-783-3238 ° MasterCard, VISA, check, or money order accepted ¢ Use GPO stock number when ordering 29
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY CREDO We are the Centrat Inteiligence Agency. We produce timely and high quality intelligence for the President and Government of the United States. We provide objective and unbiased evaluations and are always open to new perceptions and ready to challenge conventional wisdom. We perform special intelligence tasks at the request of the President. We conduct our activities and ourselves according to the highest standards of integrity, morality and honor and according to the spirit and letter of our law and Constitution. We measure our success by our contribution to the protection and enhancement of American values, security and national interest. We believe our people are the Agency’s most important resource. We seek the best and work to make them better. We subordinate our desire for public recognition to the need for confidentiality. We strive for continuing professional improvement. We give unfailing loyalty to each other and to our common purpose. We seek through our leaders to stimulate initiative, a commitment to excellence and a propensity for action; to protect and reward Agency personnel for their special responsibilities, contributions, and sacrifices; to promote a sense of mutual trust and shared responsibility. We get our inspiration and commitment to excellence from the inscription in our foyer: ‘And Ye shall know the truth and the truth shall make you free.” 30
“ “4 . ~~ - sy ; ee ar, oy _ . Pa . Pre:ident Dwight D. Eisenhower President John F. Kennedy President Richard M. Nixon 3Nc. ver 1959 28 November 1961 7 March 1969 To A‘ 4 Cornerstone Laying Ceremony _To Present the Nationa! Security Meda! to To Address CIA Employees for Ci ‘tuction of C1A Headquarters Allen Dulles Build: : dent Gerald R. Ford, Jr. President Jimmy Carter, Jr. President Jimmy Carter, Jr. » 1976 9 March 1977 16 August 1978 -- in George Bush as DCI To Swear in Admiral Stansfield Turner as To Meet with CIA Personnel who DC! Collect, Analyze and Produce National intelligence Estimates Ce nes nhews es Ch ers 4 a . ee F-esident Ronald W. Reagan President Ronald W. Reagan President Ronald W. Reagan 23 _7e 1982 24 May 1984 26 May 1987 T ~-gn Intelligence Identities To Break Ground for To Swear in Judge F action Act into Law CIA Headquarters Expansion William H. Webster as DCI
We Are Often Asked: How is the Cental intelligence Agency different from the KGB? The Central Intelligence Agency and the KGB are very different because their missions and activities reflect the societies—one democratic and one totalitarian—of which they are a part. A major role of the KGB is internal security, including routine surveillance of Soviet citizens. The Agency has no law enforcement or security functions either at home or abroad. Unlike the Agency, which is governed by Presidential Executive Order and law, KGB activities are unrestrained. Moreover, the American people’s elected officials oversee all U.S. intelligence activities through the Congressional Oversight process. The KGB answers to no one but the highest officials of the Soviet party, who are not freely chosen by the Russian people. Who works for the Central intelligence Agency? The Agency carefully selects well- qualified people in nearly all fields of study. Scientists, engineers, economists, linguists, mathematicians, secretaries, and computer specialists are but a few of the disciplines continually in demand. Somme are specialists—phys.cal and social scientists, doctors of medicine, lawyers, etc.— but many are generalists, people who have demonstrated their qualifications to hold the many varied positions that make up the oulk of the domestic and overseas staffs. Women, members of minority groups, and the handicapped are weil represented in the ranks of those employed at the Central intelligence Agency. 32 How many people work for the Central Intelligence Agency and what is its budget? Neither the number of employees nor the size of the Agency’s budget can be publicly disclosed. That knowledge would provide an advantage to our adversaries. While these subjects are classified, they are known in detail and scrutinized daily by the Office of Management and Budget and by the Intelligence Oversight and Appropriations Committees of both houses of Congress. A common misconception is that the Agency has an unlimited budget, which is far from true. The resources aliocated to intelligence are subject to the same rigorous examination and approval process as all other government organizations. Does the Central Intelligence Agency give tours of its headquarters building in Langley, Virginia? No. The idea was considered and tested but logistical problems and security considerations demonstrated it is just not possible. Does the Central intelligence Agency release publications to the public? The Agency releases many unclassified publications in order to provide additional research aids to academic and business communities. The majority of these reports contain foreign or international economic and political information or are directories of foreign officials. They are available from the Government Printing Office, the National Technical Information Service and the Library of Congress (See page 29). The Agency cannot, however, release many of its other reports because such studies are derived from sensitive sources. For additional information, contact the Public Affairs Office, Central Intelligence Agency, Washington, DC, 20505; (703) 351-2053.
Does the Centra! Intelligence Agency spy on Americans? Does it keep a file on me? No. The Central Intelligence Agency is expressly prohibited by Presidential Executive Order from routinely engaging in the domestic use of such techniques as electronic, mail, or physical surveillance; monitoring devices; or unconsented physical search. Such intrusion into the lives of Americans by any Government agency could take place only under the most extraordinary conditions of concern for the national welfare and, even then, only when approved by the Attorney General. Similarly, the Agency does not maintain files on private citizens. Names of American citizens may appear in various records as a consequence of routine business tiey conduct with the Agency, but they are in no way segregated for surveillance or special attention. Any citizen has the rigi.t to sonfirm this fact under the authority of the Privacy Act. Who decides when the Central intelligence Agency should engage in covert actions, and why? Only the President can direct the Agency to undertake a covert action. Such actions are recommended by the National Security Council. Once tasked, the Director of Central Intelligence must notify the intelligence oversight committees of the Congress. Covert actions are considered when the National Security Council judges that U.S. foreign policy objectives may not be fully realized by normal diplomatic means and when military action is deemed too extreme an option. Therefore, the Agency may be directed to conduct a special activity abroad in support of foreign policy such that the role of the U.S. Government is neither apparent nor publicly acknowledged. Does the Central intelligence Agency participate in assassinations? No. Presidential Executive Order No. 12333 explicitly prohibits the Central intelligence Agency, either directly or indirectly, from engaging in assassinations. Internal safeguards and the Congressional oversight process assure compliance. Does the Central Intelligence Agency engage in drug trafficking? No. To the cantrary, the Central Intelligence Agency assists the U.S. Government effort to thwart drug trafficking by providing intelligence information to the Department of Commerce, the Drug Enforcement Administration and the State Department What is the Central intelligence Agency’s role in combatting international terrorism? The Central Intelligence Agency supports the overall United States Government effort to combat international terrorism by collecting, analyzing, and disseminating intelligence on foreign terrorist groups and individuals. It also conducts liaison with the intelligence and security services of friendly governments, shares counterterrorism intelligence information with and, on request, provides advice and training to these services. The Agency’s counterterrorism specialists participate actively in developing strategies aimed at combatting terrorism and intelligence resources worldwide provide significant support to U.S. efforts to solve this grave problem. 33