Pubtic   Affairs 
Central  Intelligence  Agency 
Washington,  D.C.  20505 
Phone:  (703)  482-7676 
(703)  351-2053 
For   Information  on   Employment: 
Director   of   Personnel 
Central   Intelligence   Agency 
Washington,   D.C.   20505 
Phone:  (703)  351-2028
CENTRAL  INTELLIGENCE  AGENCY  FACTBOOK 
CONTENTS 
Page 
2  Aerial  Photograph  of  CIA  Headquarters 
3  The  CIA  Seal  Described  and  Interpreted 
4  CIA  Chronology 
6        The  Genesis  of  the  CIA 
8  Directors  and  Deputy  Directors — Tenures  of  Office 
9  Chart — Director  of  Central  Intelligence  Command  Responsibilities 
10  Biography    of   Judge    William    H.    Webster — Director    of   Central 
Intelligence 
1 1  Photograph  of  Judge  William  H.  Webster 
5  2        Biography    of    Robert    M.     Gates — Deputy    Director    of    Central 
Intelligence 
13  Photograph  of  Robert  M.  Gates 
14  The  Director  of  Central  Intelligence  and  His  Principal  Deputies 
16  Chart — The  Intelligence  Cycle 
17  The  Intelligence  Cycle  Described 
18  The  President's  Intelligence  Organization 
20  Chart — The  Intelligence  Community 
21  Senate  Select  Committee  on  Intelligence  and  House  Permanent  Select 
Committee  on  Intelligence 
22  Book  of  Honor 
23  The  Memorial  Stars 
24  CIA  Medals  Described 
25  Photograph  of  Medals 
26  Headquarters  Building  and  Auditorium  Described 
28  Nathan  Hale  Photo 
29  How  to  Obtain  CIA  Publications  &  Maps  Available  to  the  Public 
30  Central  Intelligence  Agency  CREDO 
31  We  Are  Often  Asked 
33        Presidential  Visits  to  CIA 
September  1987
THE  CIA  SEAL 
Section  2  of  the  Central  Intelligence  Agency  Act  of  1949  provided  for  a 
seal  of  office  for  CIA.  The  design  of  the  seal  was  approved  and  set  forth  on 
17  February  1950  in  President  Truman's  Executive  Order  10111. 
In  Executive  Order  10111,  the  CIA  seal  is  described  in  heraldic  terms  as 
follows: 
SHIELD:  Argent,  a  compass  rose  of  sixteen  points  gules. 
CRUST:  On  a  wreath  argent  and  gules  an  American  bald  eagle's  head 
erased  proper. 
Below  the  shield  on  a  gold  color  scroll  the  inscription  "United  States  of 
America"  in  red  letters,  and  encircling  the  shield  and  crest  at  the  top  the 
inscription  "Central  Intelligence  Agency"  in  white  letters. 
All  on  a  circular  blue  background  with  a  narrow  gold  edge. 
The  interpretation  of  the  CIA  seal  is  as  follows: 
The  American  Eagle  is  the  national  bird  and  is  a  symbol  of  strength  and 
alertness. 
The  radiating  spokes  of  the  compass  rose  depict  the  coverage  of 
intelligence  data  from  all  areas  of  the  world  to  a  central  point.
CENTRAL  INTELLIGENCE  AGENCY  CHRONOLOGY 
11  Julv  1941 
13  June  1942 
October  1945 
22  January  1946 
18  September  1947 
20  June  1949 
4  August  1955 
3  November  1959 
20  September  1961 
4  January  1975 
27  January  1975 
President  Franklin  D.  Roosevelt  appoints  William  J.  Donovan 
Coordinator  of  Information. 
President  Franklin  D.  Roosevelt  signs  Executive  Order  9182, 
establishing  the  Office  of  Strategic  Services  (OSS)  and  naming 
as  its  Director,  William  J.  Donovan,  a  prominent  lawyer  who 
won  the  Congressional  Medal  of  Honor  as  an  Army  Colonel  in 
World  War  J.  Donovan  remained  a  civiiian  until  2  April  1943 
when  he  was  promoted  to  a  Brigadier  General.  He  advanced  to 
the  rank  of  Major  General  on  10  November  1944. 
President  Harry  S  Truman's  Executive  Order  9621  disbands 
the  OSS  and  its  functions  are  absorbed  by  the  State  and  War 
Departments. 
President  Truman  signs  a  Presidential  Directive  establishing 
the  Central  Intelligence  Group  (CIG)  to  operate  under  the 
direction  of  the  National  Intelligence  Authority  (NIA).  Rear 
Admiral  Sidney  W.  Souers,  USNR,  appointed  the  first  Direc- 
tor of  Central  Intelligence  (DCI). 
The  National  Security  Act  of  1947  replaces  the  NIA  with  the 
National  Security  Council  (NSC)  and  the  CIG  with  the 
Central  Intelligence  Agency  (CIA). 
Congress  enacts  Central  Intelligence  Agency  Act  of  1949, 
supplementing  the  1947  Act  by  specifying  special  fiscal  and 
administrative  procedures  for  the  Agency. 
President  Dwight  D.  Eisenhower  signs  a  bill  authorizing  $46 
million  for  construction  of  a  CIA  headquarters  building. 
President  Eisenhower  presides  at  laying  of  cornerstone  of  CIA 
headquarters  building  in  Langley,  Virginia. 
First  employees  begin  to  move  into  new  headquarters  from 
various  offices  in  Washington,  D.C.  area. 
President  Gerald  R.  Ford  signs  Executive  Order  1 1828  creat- 
ing the  Commission  on  CIA  Activities  within  the  United 
States.  Chaired  by  Vice  President  Nelson  Rockefeller,  the 
Commission  submitted  its  report  on  CIA  domestic  activities  to 
the  President  on  6  June  1975. 
The  Senate  establishes  its  Senate  Select  Committee  to  Study 
Governmental  Operations  With  Respect  to  Intelligence  Activi- 
ties under  the  chairmanship  of  Senator  Frank  Church  (D., 
Idaho).  The  Church  Committee  investigated  the  nation's  intel- 
ligence activities  for  15  months  and  was  disestablished  upon 
submission  of  its  final  report  on  26  April  1976.
19  February  1975 
19  February  1976 
[9  Mav  1976 
14  July  1977 
4  August  1977 
24  January  1978 
20  October  1981 
4  December  1981 
23  June  1982 
15  October  1984 
1  November  1985 
The  House  establishes  its  House  Select  Committee  on  Intelli- 
gence to  investigate  allegations  of  "illegal  or  improper"  activities 
of  federal  intelligence  agencies  here  and  abroad.  Its  first  chair- 
man was  Representative  Lucien  Nedzi  (D.,  Michigan),  who  was 
later  replaced  by  Representative  Otis  G.  Pike  (D.,  New  York).  On 
29  January  1976,  two  days  before  the  Committee  was  scheduled 
to  conclude  its  activities,  the  House  voted  to  withhold  public 
dissemination  of  the  Committee's  final  report. 
President  Ford  signs  Executive  Order  1 1905  which  sets  intelli- 
gence policy  and  guidelines  and  establishes  an  intelligence 
oversight  mechanism. 
The  Senate  establishes  a  permanent  Senate  Select  Committee 
on  Intelligence  under  the  chairmanship  of  Senator  Daniel  K. 
Inouye  (D.,  Hawaii)  to  carry  out  oversight  of  the  nation's 
intelligence  organizations. 
The  House  of  Representatives  establishes  a  House  Permanent 
Select  Committee  on  Intelligence.  Chaired  by  Representative 
Edward  P.  Boland  (D.,  Massachusetts),  it  differs  from  the 
SSCI  in  that  it  has  oversight  jurisdiction  over  the  CIA  but 
shares  with  several  other  House  committees  legislative  over- 
sight authority  over  all  other  intelligence  agencies. 
President  Jimmy  Carter  announces  reorganization  of  the 
Intelligence  Community,  creating  a  high  level  committee 
chaired  by  the  DCI  to  set  priorities  for  collecting  and  produc- 
ing intelligence,  and  giving  the  DCI  full  control  of  budget  and 
operational  tasking  of  intelligence  collection. 
President  Carter  signs  Executive  Order  1 2036  which  reshapes 
the  intelligence  structure  and  provides  explicit  guidance  on  all 
facets  of  intelligence  activities. 
President  Reagan  reconstitutes  the  President's  Foreign  Intelli- 
gence Advisory  Board  and  names  19  distinguished  citizens 
outside  of  government  to  serve  on  the  Board. 
President  Reagan  signs  Executive  Order  12333  which  clarifies 
ambiguities  of  previous  Orders  and  sets  clear  goals  for  the 
Intelligence  Community  in  accordance  with  law  and  regard  for 
the  rights  of  Americans. 
President  Reagan  signs  Public  Law  97-200,  the  Intelligence 
Identities  Protection  Act,  imposing  criminal  penalties  on  those 
who  reveal  the  names  of  covert  intelligence  personnel. 
President  Reagan  signs  the  Central  Intelligence  Agency's  Infor- 
mation Act,  an  act  to  amend  the  FOIA  Security  Act  of  1947  to 
regulate  public  distribution  of  information  held  by  the  CIA. 
Vice  President  Bush  presides  at  the  laying  of  the  cornerstone  for  the 
Headquarters  Building  Expansion.
THE  GENESIS  OF 
THE  CENTRAL  INTELLIGENCE  AGENCY 
The  United  States  has  carried  on  foreign  intelligence  activities  since  the 
days  of  George  Washington,  but  only  since  World  War  II  have  they  been 
coordinated  on  a  government-wide  basis. 
Even  before  Pearl  Harbor,  President  Franklin  D.  Roosevelt  was  con- 
cerned about  American  intelligence  deficiencies.  He  asked  New  York  lawyer 
William  J.  Donovan  to  draft  a  plan  for  an  intelligence  service.  The  Office  of 
Strategic  Services  was  established  in  June  1942  with  a  mandate  to  collect  and 
analyze  strategic  information  required  by  the  Join:  Chiefs  of  Staff  and  to 
conduct  special  operations  not  assigned  to  other  agencies. 
During  the  War  it  supplied  policymakers  with  essential  facts  and 
intelligence  estimates  and  often  played  an  important  role  in  directly  aiding 
military  campaigns. 
But  the  OSS  never  received  complete  jurisdiction  over  all  foreign 
intelligence  activities.  Since  the  early  1930s  the  FBI  had  been  responsible  for 
intelligence  work  in  Latin  America,  and  the  military  services  protected  their 
areas  of  responsibility. 
In  October  1945,  the  OSS  was  disbanded  and  its  functions  absorbed  by 
the  State  and  War  Departments.  But  the  need  for  a  postwar  centralized 
intelligence  system  was  clearly  recognized.  Eleven  months  earlier,  Donovan, 
by  then  a  Major  General,  had  submitted  to  President  Roosevelt  a  proposal 
calling  for  the  separation  of  OSS  from  the  Joint  Chiefs  of  Staff  with  the  new 
organization  having  direct  Presidential  supervision. 
Donovan  proposed  an  "organization  which  will  procure  intelligence  both 
by  overt  and  covert  methods  and  will  at  the  same  time  provide  intelligence 
guidance,  determine  national  intelligence  objectives,  and  correlate  the  intelli- 
gence material  collected  by  all  government  agencies." 
Under  his  plan,  a  powerful  centralized  agency  would  have  coordinated  all 
the  intelligence  services.  He  also  proposed  that  this  agency  have  authority  to 
conduct  "subversive  operations  abroad,"  but  "no.  police  or  law  enforcement 
functions,  either  at  home  or  abroad." 
Donovan's  plan  drew  heavy  fire.  The  military  services  generally  opposed  a 
complete  merger.  The  State  Department  thought  it  should  supervise  all 
peacetime  operations  affecting  foreign  relations.  The  FBI  supported  a  system 
whereby  military  intelligence  worldwide  would  be  handled  by  the  armed 
services  and  all  civilian  activities  under  its  own  jurisdiction. 
In  response  to  this  policy  debate,  President  Harry  S  Truman  established 
the  Central  Intelligence  Group  in  January  1946,  directing  it  to  coordinate 
existing  departmental  intelligence,  supplementing  but  not  supplanting  their 
services.    This   was   all    to   be   done   under   the   direction   of  the    National
Intelligence  Authority  composed  of  a  Presidential  representative,  and  the 
Secretaries  of  State,  War  and  Navy.  Rear  Admiral  Sidney  W.  Souers, 
USNR,  who  was  the  Deputy  Chief  of  Naval  Intelligence,  was  appointed  the 
first  Director  of  Central  Intelligence. 
Twenty  months  later,  the  NIA  and  its  operating  component,  the  CIG, 
were  disestablished.  Under  the  provisions  of  the  National  Security  Act  of  1947 
(which  became  effective  on  18  September  1947)  the  National  Security  Council 
and  the  Central  Intelligence  Agency  were  established. 
Most  of  the  statute's  specific  assignments  given  the  CIA,  as  well  as  the 
prohibitions  on  police  and  internal  security  functions,  closely  follow  both  the 
original  1944  Donovan  plan  and  the  Presidential  directive  creating  the  CIG. 
The  1947  Act  charged  the  CIA  with  coordinating  the  nation's  intelli- 
gence activities  and  correlating,  evaluating  and  disseminating  intelligence 
which  affects  national  security.  In  addition,  the  Agency  was  to  perform  such 
other  duties  and  functions  related  to  intelligence  as  the  NSC  might  direct.  The 
Act  also  made  the  DCI  responsible  for  protecting  intelligence  sources  and 
methods. 
It  was  further  stated  that  both  the  Director  and  the  Deputy  Director  of 
Central  Intelligence  were  to  be  appointed  by  the  President,  subject  to 
confirmation  by  the  Senate.  An  amendment  of  4  April  1953  authorized  such 
appointments  to  be  made  either  from  individuals  in  civilian  life  or  from 
commissioned  officers  of  the  armed  services,  either  in  active  or  retired  status, 
provided  that  "at  no  time  shall  the  two  positions  ...  be  occupied  simulta- 
neously by  commissioned  officers 
rs. 
In  1949,  the  Central  Intelligence  Agency  Act  was  passed  supplementing 
the  1947  Act.  Congress  enacted  additional  provisions  permitting  the  Agency 
to  use  confidential  fiscal  and  administrative  procedures  and  exempting  CIA 
from  many  of  the  usual  limitations  on  the  expenditure  of  federal  funds.  It  pro- 
vided that  CIA  funds  could  be  included  in  the  budgets  of  other  departments 
and  then  transferred  to  the  Agency  without  regard  to  the  restrictions  placed 
on  the  initial  appropriation.  This  Act  is  the  statutory  authority  for  the  secrecy 
of  the  Agency's  budget. 
In  order  to  further  protect  intelligence  sources  and  methods  from 
disclosure,  the  1949  Act  further  exempted  the  CIA  from  having  to  disclose  its 
"organization,  functions,  names,  officials,  titles,  salaries,  or  numbers  of 
personnel  employed." 
Under  these  acts  of  Congress,  the  Director  serves  as  the  principal  adviser 
to  the  President  and  the  National  Security  Council  on  all  matters  of  foreign 
intelligence  related  to  the  national  security.  CIA's  responsibilities  are  carried 
out  subject  to  various  directives  and  controls  by  the  President  and  the  NSC. 
Today  the  CIA  reports  regularly  to  the  Senate  and  House  Select 
Committees  on  Intelligence  and  the  Senate  and  House  Appropriations 
Committees.
DIRECTORS  OF  CENTRAL 
INTELLIGENCE 
RADM  Sidney  W.  Souers,  USNR 
23  January  1946-10  June  1946 
LTGEN  Hoyt  S.  Vandenberg,  USA 
10  June  1946-1  May  1947 
RADM  Roscoe  H.  Hillenkoetter,  USN 
1  May  1947-7  October  1950 
GEN  Walter  Bedell  Smith,  USA 
7  October  1950-9  February  1953 
The  Honorable  Allen  W.  Dulles  * 
26  February  1953-29  November  1961 
The  Honorable  John  A.  McCone 
29  November  1961-28  April  1965 
VADM  William  F.  Raborn,  Jr.  (USN,  Ret.) 
28  April  1965-30  June  1966 
The  Honorable  Richard  Helms 
30  June  1966-2  February  1973 
The  Honorable  James  R.  Schlesinger 
2  February  1973-2  July  1973 
The  Honorable  William  E.  Colby 
4  September  1973-30  January  1976 
The  Honorable  George  Bush 
30  January  1976-20  January  1977 
ADM  Stansfield  Turner  (USN,  Ret.)  ** 
9  March  1977-20  January  1981 
The  Honorable  William  J.  Casey 
28  January  1981-29  January  1987 
The  Honorable  William  H.  Webster 
26  May  1987- 
DEPUTY  DIRECTORS 
Kingman  Douglass  * 
2  March  1946-11  July  1946 
BGEN  Edwin  K.  Wright,  USA 
20  January  1947-9  March  1949 
The  Honorable  William  H.  Jackson 
7  October  1950-3  August  1951 
The  Honorable  Ailen  W.  Dulles 
23  August  1951-26  February  1953 
GEN  Charles  P.  Cabell,  USAF 
23  April  1953-31  January  1962 
LTGEN  Marshall  S.  Carter,  USA 
3  April  1962-28  April  1965 
The  Honorable  Richard  Helms 
28  April  1965-30  June  1966 
VADM  Rufus  L.  Taylor,  USN 
13  October  1966-31  January  1969 
LTGEN  Robert  E.  Cushman,  Jr.,  USMC 
7  May  1969-31  December  1971 
LTGEN  Vernon  A.  Walters,  USA  ** 
2  May  1972-7  July  1976 
The  Honorable  E.  Henry  Knoche  *** 
7  July  1976-31  July  1977 
John  F.  Blake  **** 
31  July  1977-10  February  1978 
The  Honorable  Frank  C.  Carlucci 
10  February  1978-20  January  1981 
ADM  Bobby  R.  Inman,  USN 
12  February  1981-10  June  1982 
The  Honorable  John  N.  McMahon 
10  June  1982-28  March  1986 
The  Honorable  Robert  M.  Gates  ***** 
18  April  1986- 
•Mr.  Doila  md  <t  Acting  DCI  from  9-26  Rbraary  1953 
••Admin)  Terser  retired  from  ike  Nivy  00  31  December  1*71  while  tcrnai  u  DCI 
•Mr.  Dokftaa  lened  t>  Aetiac  DDCI  from  2  M*rcb-1 1  July  1946 
••GEN  Wtttcn  Brad  u  Actiat  DC!  from  3  July  1973-3  September  1973 
•••Mr.  Kaocke  tared  u  Aetiac  DCI  from  20 luuur)  1977-9  Marck  1977 
••••Mr.  Biakc  •ereed  u  Asia*  DDCI  from  31  July  1977-10  February  ;»78 
•••••Mr.  Gaui  tern!  m  Actiat  DC!  from  18  December  1936-26  M«y  1987
Director  of  Central  Intelligence  Command  Responsibilities 
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DEPUTY  DIRECTOR 
for 
OPERATIONS 
September  1 987 
National 
Intelligence 
Council 
ULi 
DDCI 
Genera! 
Counsel 
DIRECTOR 
INTELLIGENCE 
COMMUNITY 
STAFF 
EXECUTIVE  DIRECTOR 
Inspector 
General 
Comptroller 
Public  Affairs 
Congressional 
Affairs 
T 
DEPUTY  DIRECTOR 
for 
SCIENCE  & 
TECHNOLOGY 
J 
DEPUTY  DIRECTOR 
for 
INTELLIGENCE 
Office  of  Research 
&  Development 
Office  of 
Soviet  Analysis 
Office  of  Development 
&  Engineering 
Office  of 
European  Analysis 
Foreign  Broadcast 
Information  Service 
Office  of  Near  Eastern  & 
|    South  Asian  Analysis 
Office  of 
SIGINT  Operations 
Office  of 
East  Asion  AnolysSs 
Office  of 
Technical  Service 
Office  of  Africon  & 
Latin  American  Analysis 
Notional  Photographic 
Interpretation  Center 
Office  of  Scientific 
and  Weapons  Research 
Office  of  Global  Issues 
Office  of 
Imogery  Analysis 
Office  of  Current 
Production  end 
Analytic  Support 
Office  of 
Information  Resources 
Office  of 
Leadership 
Analysis 
DEPUTY  DIRECTOR 
for 
ADMINISTRATION 
Office  of 
Medical  Services 
Office  of  Security        — 
Office  of  Training 
&  Education 
Of  fir*  of  Finance 
Office  of  Logistics       — 
Office  of 
Information  Technology 
Office  of  Personnel 
  -Q?&5  "  ' " ' 
Office  of 
Communications
BIOGRAPHY  OF  WILLIAM  H.  WEBSTER 
William  H.  Webster  was  sworn  in  as  Director  of  Central  Intelligence  (DCI)  on 
26  May  1987.  In  this  position  he  heads  the  intelligence  Community  (all  foreign 
intelligence  agencies  of  the  United  States)  and  directs  the  Centra!  Intelligence  Agency. 
William  H.  Webster  was  born  6  March,  1924,  in  St.  Louis,  Missouri,  and  received 
his  early  education  in  Webster  Groves  near  St.  Louis.  He  was  awarded  a  Bachelor  of  Arts 
degree  from  Amherst  College,  Amherst,  Massachusetts,  in  1947,  where,  in  1975,  he 
received  an  honorary  Doctor  of  Laws  degree.  Judge  Webster  received  his  Juris  Doctor 
degree  from  Washington  University  Law  School,  St.  Louis,  Missouri,  in  1949.  He  served 
as  a  lieutenant  in  the  United  States  Navy  in  World  War  II  and  again  in  the  Korean  War. 
A  practicing  attorney  with  a  St.  Louis  law  firm  from  1949  to  1959.  Judge  Webster 
served  as  United  States  Attorney  for  the  Eastern  District  of  Missouri  from  1960  to  1961. 
He  returned  to  private  practice  in  1961.  From  1964  to  1969,  he  was  a  member  of  the 
Missouri  Board  of  Law  Examiners. 
In  1970,  Judge  Webster  was  appointed  a  Judge  of  the  United  States  District  Court 
for  the  Eastern  District  of  Missouri  and  in  1973  was  elevated  to  the  United  States  Court 
of  Appeals  for  the  Eighth  Circuit.  He  resigned  on  23  February,  1978,  to  become  Director 
of  the  Federal  Bureau  of  Investigation.  During  his  service  on  the  bench,  Judge  Webster 
was  Chairman  of  the  Judiciary  Conference  Advisory  Committee  on  the  Criminal  Rules 
and  was  a  member  of  the  Ad  Hoc  Committee  on  Habeas  Corpus  and  the  Committee  of 
Court  Administration. 
A  member  of  the  American  Bar  Association,  the  Council  of  the  American  Law 
Institute,  the  Order  of  the  Coif,  the  Missouri  Bar  Integrated,  and  the  Metropolitan  St. 
Louis  Bar  Association.  Judge  Webster  served  as  Chairman  of  the  Corporation,  Banking 
and  Business  Law  Section  of  the  American  Bar  Association,  and  is  a  fellow  of  the 
American  Bar  Foundation. 
Judge  Webster  was  named  Man  of  the  Year,  1980,  by  the  St.  Louis  Globe-Democrat, 
and  in  May,  1981,  received  the  William  Greenleaf  Elliot  Award  from  Washington 
University  and  the  Riot  Relief  Fund  Award  in  New  York  City.  In  October,  1982,  he  was 
presented  the  Fordham  Law  School  Louis  Stein  Award,  and  in  August,  1983,  the 
international  Platform  Association  Theodore  Roosevelt  Award  for  excellence  in  public 
service.  In  June,  1984,  he  received  the  Jefferson  award  for  the  Greatest  Public  Service  by 
an  Elected  or  Appointed  Official.  In  May,  1985,  he  was  presented  the  Freedoms 
Foundation  National  Service  Medal  in  Valley  Forge,  Pennsylvania,  and  the  First  Annual 
Patrick  V.  Murphy  Award  from  the  Police  Foundation,  Washington,  DC,  for 
distinguished  service  in  law  enforcement.  He  was  named  Father  of  the  Year  for  Public 
Service  in  May,  1986,  by  the  National  Father's  Day  Committee,  and  received  the  1986 
Thomas  Jefferson  Award  in  Law  from  the  University  of  Virginia. 
Judge  Webster  was  elected  to  active  membership  in  the  National  Academy  of  Public 
Administration  in  October,  1981,  and  in  May,  1985,  became  President  of  the  Institute  of 
Judicial  Administration. 
In  1972,  Judge  Webster  received  a  Washington  University  Alumni  Citation  for 
contributions  to  the  field  of  law  and,  in  1977,  received  the  Distinguished  Alumnus  Award 
from  Washington  University  Law  School.  A  member  of  the  Board  of  Trustees  of 
Washington  University,  the  University  of  Colorado  Law  School  Board  of  Visitors  and  the 
National  Advisory  Board  of  the  American  University,  Judge  Webster  holds  honorary 
degrees  from  Amherst  College,  DePauw  University,  William  Woods  College,  Drury 
College,  Washington  University,  Columbia  College,  University  of  Dayton  School  of  Law, 
University  of  Notre  Dame,  Centre  College,  Dickinson  School  of  Law,  University  of 
Miami,  DePau!  University,  the  American  University,  The  John  Jay  College  of  Criminal 
Justice,  Westminster  Collfge  and  Georgetown  University. 
Judge  Webster  was  married  to  the  late  Drusilla  Lane  Webster  and  is  the  father  of 
three  children:  Drusilla  L.  Busch,  William  H.,  Jr.,  and  Katherine  H.  Roessle.
BIOGRAPHY  OF  ROBERT  M.  GATES 
Robert  M.  Gates  was  sworn  in  as  Deputy  Director  of  Central  Intelligence 
on  18  April  1986.  In  this  position  he  is  principal  deputy  to  the  Director,  who 
heads  the  U.S.  Intelligence  Community  (all  of  the  foreign  intelligence  agencies 
of  the  United  States)  and  directs  the  Centra!  Intelligence  Agency. 
Mr.  Gates,  a  native  of  Kansas,  received  his  BA  Degree  from  the  College 
of  William  and  Mary  in  1965,  his  Masters  Degree  in  history  from  Indiana 
University  in  1966,  and  his  Doctorate  in  Russian  and  Soviet  history  from 
Georgetown  University  in  1974. 
Mr.  Gates  joined  the  Central  Intelligence  Agency  in  1966,  serving  as  an 
intelligence  analyst  and  as  one  of  two  Assistant  National  Intelligence  Officers 
for  Strategic  Programs.  In  1974,  he  was  assigned  to  the  National  Security 
Council  Staff. 
After  more  than  five  years  at  the  National  Security  Council,  serving 
three  Presidents,  Mr.  Gates  returned  to  the  Central  Intelligence  Agency  in 
late  1979.  He  subsequently  was  appointed  to  a  series  of  administrative 
positions  and  served  as  National  Intelligence  Officer  for  the  Soviet  Union 
prior  to  his  appointment  as  Deputy  Director  for  Intelligence  in  January  1982. 
As  Deputy  Director  for  Intelligence  for  nearly  four  and  one-half  years, 
Mr.  Gates  directed  the  Central  Intelligence  Agency's  component  responsible 
for  all  analysis  and  production  of  finished  intelligence.  In  September  1 983,  the 
Director  appointed  Mr.  Gates  Chairman  of  the  National  Intelligence  Council 
concurrent  with  his  position  as  Deputy  Director  for  Intelligence.  As  Chairman 
of  the  National  Intelligence  Council,  Mr.  Gates  directed  the  preparation  of  all 
National  Intelligence  Estimates  prepared  by  the  Intelligence  Community. 
Mr.  Gates  served  as  Acting  Director  of  Central  Intelligence  from  18 
December  1986  until  26  May  1987. 
Mr.  Gates  is  the  recipient  of  the  Distinguished  Intelligence  Medal,  the 
Intelligence  Medal  of  Merit  and  the  Arthur  S.  Fleming  Award,  which  is 
presented  annually  to  the  ten  most  outstanding  young  men  and  women  in  the 
Federal  Service. 
Mr.  Gates  and  his  wife,  Becky,  have  two  children.
THE  DIRECTOR  OF  CENTRAL  INTELLIGENCE 
AND  HIS  PRINCIPAL  DEPUTIES 
DIRECTOR  OF  CENTRAL  INTELLIGENCE  (DCI) 
The  DCI  is  the  primary  adviser  to  the  President  and  the  National 
Security  Council  on  national  foreign  intelligence  matters.  He  is  the  head  of 
the  Central  intelligence  Agency  and  of  such  other  staff  elements  as  are 
required  for  the  discharge  of  his  Intelligence  Community  responsibilities. 
Executive  Order  12333,  issued  by  President  Reagan  on  4  December 
1981,  gives  the  DCI  authority  to  develop  and  implement  the  National  Foreign 
Intelligence  Program  budget  and  to  coordinate  the  tasking  of  all  Intelligence 
Community  collection  elements. 
In  addition  to  staff  elements  of  the  Office  of  the  DCI,  the  Intelligence 
Community  consists  of  the  Central  Intelligence  Agency;  the  National  Security 
Agency;  the  Defense  Intelligence  Agency;  the  Offices  within  the  Department 
of  Defense  responsible  for  collection  of  specialized  national  foreign  intelli- 
gence through  reconnaissance  programs;  the  Bureau  of  Intelligence  and 
Research  of  the  Department  of  State;  and  the  intelligence  elements  of  the  mil- 
itary services,  the  FBI,  and  the  Departments  of  Treasury  and  Energy. 
The  DCI  also  serves  as  chairman  of  the  NSC's  Senior  Interagency  Group 
when  it  meets  to  consider  intelligence  matters.  This  committee  addresses 
policy  issues  requiring  interagency  attention,  deals  with  interdepartmental 
matters,  and  monitors  the  execution  of  approved  intelligence  policies  and 
decisions. 
DEPUTY  DIRECTOR  OF  CENTRAL  INTELLIGENCE  (DDCI) 
The  DDCI  is  nominated  by  the  President  and  confirmed  by  the  Senate. 
He  assists  the  Director  by  performing  such  functions  as  the  DCI  assigns  or 
delegates.  He  acts  for  and  exercises  the  powers  of  the  Director  in  his  absence 
or  disability  or  in  the  event  of  a  vacancy  in  the  position  of  the  Director. 
EXECUTIVE  DIRECTOR 
The  Executive  Director  is  responsible  for  acting  on  behalf  of  the  DCI  and 
the  DDCI  in  the  overall  daily  management  of  the  Central  Intelligence 
Agency,  including  but  not  limited  to  the  coordination  of  component  activities 
and  the  development  and  execution  of  the  Agency's  Annual  Program.  In  order 
to  carry  out  his  responsibilities,  the  Executive  Director  is  delegated  all 
authorities  vested  in  the  DCI  and  the  DDCI  except  as  prohibited  or  proscribed 
by  law  or  Agency  regulation  and  policy.
DEPUTY  DIRECTOR  OF  CENTRAL  INTELLIGENCE  FOR 
INTELLIGENCE  (DDI) 
The  DDI  is  the  Director's  principal  adviser  on  the  production  of  national 
intelligence,  both  as  to  how  it  is  accomplished  and  what  it  contains.  National 
intelligence  is  the  assessment  of  events  abroad  needed  by  the  President  and  his 
senior  advisers  for  the  formulation  of  foreign  and  national  security  policy. 
The  DDI  directs  all  of  the  DCI's  subordinate  elements  involved  in  the 
production  of  intelligence. 
The  DDI  and  his  staff  also  serve  as  the  senior  intelligence  representatives 
in  the  NSC  policymaking  structure,  ensuring  that  the  Intelligence  Commu- 
nity's product  is  relevant  to  U.S.  policy  at  the  highest  level.  Additionally,  he 
represents  the  DCI  in  matters  of  substantive  intelligence  with  the  rest  of  the 
Executive  Branch  at  the  Cabinet  level,  with  Congress,  with  the  academic  and 
business  worlds,  and  with  the  public. 
DEPUTY  DIRECTOR  OF  CENTRAL  INTELLIGENCE  FOR 
ADMINISTRATION  (DDA) 
The  DDA  is  responsible  for  supporting  administratively  those  Intelligence 
Community  components  under  the  jurisdiction  of  the  DCI  as  well  as  the  many 
other  related  functions  one  would  normally  expect  in  any  large  Federal 
agency.  He  handles  finance,  medical  services,  communications  and  the 
security  of  Agency  personnel  and  facilities. 
DEPUTY  DIRECTOR  OF  CENTRAL  INTELLIGENCE  FOR 
OPERATIONS  (DDO) 
The  DDO  collects  foreign  intelligence,  largely  through  secret  means; 
carries  out  counterintelligence  responsibilities  abroad;  and  undertakes,  when 
directed  by  the  National  Security  Council,  other  secret  foreign  intelligence 
tasks. 
DEPUTY  DIRECTOR  OF  CENTRAL  INTELLIGENCE  FOR 
SCIENCE  AND  TECHNOLOGY  (DDS&T) 
The  DDS&T  collects  and  processes  information  gathered  by  technical 
collection  systems.  He  is  also  responsible  for  developing  advanced  technical 
equipment  to  improve  the  collection  and  processing  of  information. 
DIRECTOR  OF  THE  INTELLIGENCE  COMMUNITY  STAFF  (D/ICS) 
The  D/ICS  supports  the  DCI  in  the  exercise  of  Intelligence  Community 
responsibilities  assigned  by  Executive  Order  of  the  President.  Examination  of 
critical  cross  disciplinary  intelligence  problems,  coordination  of  Community 
priorities  and  requirements,  maintenance  of  Community  planning  mecha- 
nisms, and  development  of  the  National  Foreign  Intelligence  Program  budget 
are  among  the  major  activities  of  the  ICS.
Intelligence Cycle Planning an d | Direction \ " Dissemination Production and Analysis
Intelligence  is  knowledge  and  fore- 
knowledge of  the  world  around  us — 
the  prelude  to  Presidential  decision 
and  action. 
The  Intelligence  Cycle 
is  the  process  by  which  information  is  acquired,  converted  into  intelligence,  and  made  available  to 
policymakers.  There  are  usually  five  steps  which  constitute  The  Intelligence  Cycle. 
1.  Planning  and  Direction 
This  involves  the  management  of  the  entire  effort,  from  the  identification  of  the  need  for  data  to  the 
final  delivery  of  an  intelligence  product  to  a  customer. 
The  whole  process  is  initiated  by  requests  or  requirements  for  intelligence  on  certain  subjects.  These 
are  based  on  the  ultimate  needs  of  the  policymakers— the  President,  the  National  Security  Council, 
and  other  major  departments  and  agencies  of  government. 
2.  Collection 
This  involves  the  gathering  of  the  raw  data  from  which  finished  intelligence  will  be  produced.  There 
are  many  sources  for  the  collection  of  information,  including  foreign  radiobroadcasts,  newspapers, 
periodicals,  and  official  government  personnel  stationed  in  American  embassies  abroad. 
There  are  also  secret  sources,  such  as  agents  and  defectors  who  provide  information  obtainable  in 
no  other  way. 
Finally,  technical  collection— photography  and  electronics— has  come  to  play  an  indispensable  part 
in  modern  intelligence  by  extending  the  Nation's  sensory  system— its  eyes  and  ears. 
3.  Processing 
This  step  is  concerned  with  the  conversion  of  the  vast  amount  of  information  coming  into  the  system 
to  a  form  more  suitable  for  the  production  of  finished  intelligence,  such  as  language  translations  and 
decryption.  The  information  that  does  not  go  directly  to  analysts  is  sorted  and  made  available  for 
rapid  computer  retrieval. 
Processing  also  refers  to  data  reduction— interpretation  of  the  information  stored  on  film  and  tape 
through  the  use  of  highly  refined  photographic  and  electronic  processes. 
4.  Production  and  Analysis 
This  refers  to  the  conversion  of  basic  information  into  finished  intelligence.  It  includes  the  integration, 
evaluation,  and  analysis  of  all  available  data  and  the  preparation  of  a  variety  of  intelligence  products. 
Such  products  or  estimates  may  be  presented  as  briefings,  brief  reports  or  lengthy  studies. 
The  "raw  intelligence'  collected  is  frequently  fragmentary  and  at  times  contradictory.  Analysts,  who 
are  subject-matter  specialists,  produce  finished  intelligence  by  evaluating  and  integrating  the  various 
pieces  of  data  and  interpreting  their  meaning  and  significance. 
The  subjects  involved  may  concern  different  regions,  problems,  or  personalities  in  various  con- 
texts—political, geographic,  economic,  military,  scientific,  or  biographic.  Current  events,  capabili- 
ties, or  probable  developments  in  the  future  may  also  be  examined. 
5.  Dissemination 
The  last  step  is  the  distribution  and  handling  of  the  finished  intelligence  to  the  consumers  of 
intelligence,  the  same  policymakers  whose  needs  triggered  the  Intelligence  Cycle. 
Sound  policy  decisions  must  be  based  on  sound  knowledge.  Intelligence  aims  to  provide  that  knowledge.
THE  PRESIDENTS  INTELLIGENCE  ORGANIZATION 
Presidential  Executive  Order  No.  12333,  4  December  1981,  assigns  the 
Director  of  Central  Intelligence  the  responsibility  to  act  as  the  primary  adviser 
to  the  President  and  the  National  Security  Council  on  national  foreign 
intelligence.  To  discharge  this  and  other  assigned  duties,  the  Director  is  the 
appointed  head  of  both  the  Central  Intelligence  Agency  and  the  Intelligence 
Community.  These  relationships  and  the  mechanisms  established  by  the 
Executive  Order  to  sustain  them  are  discussed  below. 
NATIONAL  SECURITY  COUNCIL  (NSC) 
The  NSC  was  established  by  the  National  Security  Act  of  1947  to  advise 
the  President  with  respect  to  the  integration  of  domestic,  foreign,  and  military 
policies  relating  to  the  national  security.  The  NSC  is  the  highest  Executive 
Branch  entity  providing  review  of,  guidance  for,  and  direction  to  the  conduct 
of  all  national  foreign  intelligence  and  counterintelligence  activities.  The 
statutory  members  of  the  NSC  are  the  President,  the  Vice  President,  the 
Secretary  of  State,  and  the  Secretary  of  Defense.  The  Director  of  Central 
Intelligence  and  the  Chairman  of  the  Joint  Chiefs  of  Staff  participate  as 
advisers. 
SENIOR  INTERAGENCY  GROUP,  INTELLIGENCE  (SIG-I) 
This  committee  of  the  NSC  is  composed  variously  of  the  Director  of 
Central  Intelligence,  the  Assistant  to  the  President  for  National  Security 
Affairs,  the  Deputy  Secretary  of  State,  the  Deputy  Secretary  of  Defense,  the 
Chairman  of  the  Joint  Chiefs  of  Staff,  the  Deputy  Attorney  General,  the 
Director  of  the  Federal  Bureau  of  Investigation,  and  the  Director  of  the 
National  Security  Agency.  The  SIG  chairman  varies  according  to  the  meeting 
agenda,  e.g.,  the  Director  of  Central  Intelligence  is  chairman  when  the  body 
addresses  intelligence  matters.  The  SIG  (Intelligence)  is  charged  to  advise  and 
assist  the  NSC  in  discharging  its  authority  and  responsibility  for  intelligence 
policy  and  intelligence  matters.  It  ensures  that  important  intelligence  policy 
issues  requiring  interagency  attention  receive  full,  prompt,  and  systematic 
coordination.  It  also  monitors  the  execution  of  previously  approved  policies 
and  decisions. 
PRESIDENT'S  FOREIGN  INTELLIGENCE  ADVISORY  BOARD 
(PFIAB) 
The  PFIAB  is  maintained  within  the  Executive  Office  of  the  President. 
Its  several  members  serve  at  the  pleasure  of  the  President  and  are  appointed 
from  among  trustworthy  and  distinguished  citizens  outside  of  Government
who  are  qualified  on  the  basis  of  achievement,  experience,  and  independence. 
They  serve  without  compensation.  The  Board  continually  reviews  the  perform- 
ance of  all  Government  agencies  engaged  in  the  collection,  evaluation,  or 
production  of  intelligence  or  in  the  execution  of  intelligence  policy.  It  also 
assesses  the  adequacy  of  management,  personnel,  and  organization  in  intelli- 
gence agencies  and  advises  the  President  concerning  the  objectives,  conduct, 
and  coordination  of  the  activities  of  these  agencies.  The  PFIAB  is  specifically 
charged  to  make  appropriate  recommendations  for  actions  to  improve  and 
enhance  the  performance  of  the  intelligence  efforts  of  the  United  States.  This 
advice  may  be  passed  directly  to  the  Director  of  Central  Intelligence,  the 
Central  Intelligence  Agency,  or  other  agencies  engaged  in  intelligence 
activities. 
PRESIDENT'S  INTELLIGENCE  OVERSIGHT  BOARD  (PIOB) 
The  President's  Intelligence  Oversight  Board  functions  within  the  White 
House.  The  PIOB  consists  of  three  members  from  outside  the  government  who 
are  appointed  by  the  President.  One  of  these,  who  serves  as  chairman,  is  also  a 
member  of  the  President's  Foreign  Intelligence  Advisory  Board.  The  PIOB  is 
responsible  for  discovering  and  reporting  to  the  President  any  intelligence 
activities  that  raise  questions  of  propriety  or  legality  in  terms  of  the 
Constitution,  the  laws  of  the  U.S.,  or  Presidential  Executive  Order.  The  Board 
is  also  charged  with  reviewing  internal  guidelines  and  the  direction  of  the 
Intelligence  Community.  The  PIOB  is  a  permanent,  non-partisan  body. 
THE  INTELLIGENCE  COMMUNITY 
While  the  Director  of  Central  Intelligence  is  head  of  the  CIA,  he  is  at 
the  same  time  leader  of  the  Intelligence  Community  of  which  CIA  is  but  one 
component.  The  Intelligence  Community  refers  in  the  aggregate  to  those 
Executive  Branch  agencies  and  organizations  that  conduct  the  variety  of 
intelligence  activities  which  comprise  the  total  U.S.  national  intelligence 
effort.  The  Community  includes  the  Central  Intelligence  Agency;  the 
National  Security  Agency;  the  Defense  Intelligence  Agency;  offices  within 
the  Department  of  Defense  for  collection  of  specialized  national  foreign 
intelligence  through  reconnaissance  programs;  the  Bureau  of  Intelligence 
and  Research  of  the  Department  of  State;  intelligence  elements  of  the 
military  services;  the  Federal  Bureau  of  Investigation;  the  Department  of  the 
Treasury;  the  Department  of  Energy;  and  the  Intelligence  Community  Staff. 
Members  of  the  Intelligence  Community  advise  the  Director  of  Central 
Intelligence  through  their  representation  on  a  number  of  specialized 
committees  that  deal  with  intelligence  matters  of  common  concern.  Chief 
among  these  groups  is  the  National  Foreign  Intelligence  Board,  which  the 
Director  chairs.
The  Intelligence  Community 
LJ  Department  of  Defense  Elements 
□  Departmental  Intelligence  Elements  (Other  than  DoD) 
I    I  
Independent  Agency
SENATE  SELECT  COMMITTEE  ON  INTELLIGENCE 
(Formed  19  May  1976) 
David  Boren  (D.,  Oklahoma),  Chairman 
William  Cohen  (R.,  Maine),  Vice  Chairman 
Patrick  Leahy  (D.,  Vermont) 
Lloyd  Bentsen  (D.,  Texas) 
Sam  Nunn  (D.,  Georgia) 
Ernest  F.  Holiings  (D.,  South  Carolina) 
Bill  Bradley  (D.,  New  Jersey) 
Alan  Cranston  (D.,  California) 
Dennis  DeConcini  (D.,  Arizona) 
Howard  Metzenbaum  (D.,  Ohio) 
Ex  Officio  Member: 
Robert  C.  Byrd  (D.,  West  Virginia) 
William  V.  Roth,  Jr.  (R.,  Delaware) 
Orrin  G.  Hatch  (R.,  Utah) 
Frank  H.  Murkowski  (R.,  Alaska) 
Arlen  Specter  (R.,  Pennsylvania) 
Chic  Hecht  (R.,  Nevada) 
John  Warner  (R.,  Virginia) 
Ex  Officio  Member: 
Robert  J.  Dole  (R.,  Kansas) 
HOUSE  PERMANENT  SELECT  COMMITTEE  ON 
INTELLIGENCE 
(Formed  14  July  1977) 
Louis  Stokes  (D.,  Ohio),  Chairman 
Dave  McCurdy  (D.,  Oklahoma) 
Anthony  C.  Beilenson  (D„  California) 
Robert  W.  Kastenmeier  (D.,  Wisconsin) 
Dan  Daniel  (D.,  Virginia) 
Robert  A.  Roe  (D.,  New  Jersey) 
George  E.  Brown,  Jr.  (D.,  California) 
Matthew  F.  McHugh  (D.,  New  York) 
Bernard  J.  Dwyer  (D.,  New  Jersey) 
Charles  Wilson  (D.,  Texas) 
Barbara  B.  Kennelly  (D.,  Connecticut) 
Henry  J.  Hyde  (R.,  Illinois) 
Dick  Cheney  (R.,  Wyoming) 
Bob  Livingston  (R.,  Louisiana) 
Bob  McEwen  (R.,  Ohio) 
Daniel  E.  Lungren  (R.,  California) 
Bud  Shuster  (R.,  Pennsylvania) 
Ex  Officio  Member: 
Thomas  S.  Foley  (D.,  Washington) 
Ex  Officio  Member: 
Robert  H.  Michel  (R.,  Illinois)
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f»A 
IN  HONOR  OF  THOSL   NUMBERS 
OF  THE  CENTRAL  iNTFLilGFNCT  AGENCY 
WHO  GAVE  THEIR  I  IVES  IN  TMI.  SERVICE  Or  THEIR  COUNTRY 
•      *••••***•••* 
-*-**-*      +      -*      *•■*•■*•■*•■* 
THE  MEMORIAL  STARS 
These  words,  carved  in  the  marble  facade  of  the  North  wall  of  the  foyer  of 
the  CIA  Headquarters  Building,  silently  but  permanently  immortalize  the  lives  of 
those  whom  the  engraved  stars  represent.  The  glass-encased  Book  of  Honor 
below  the  stars  displays  the  names  of  those  whose  names  can,  in  death,  now  be 
revealed.  The  names  of  some  of  these  dedicated  Americans  can  never  be 
revealed.  (See  opposite.) 
This  simple  but  starkly  elegant  memorial  was  sculpted  by  Harold  Vogel  in 
July  1974,  having  been  commissioned  by  the  Fine  Arts  Commission  of  the 
Central  Intelligence  Agency  in  May  1973.
CIA  MEDALS 
DISTINGUISHED  INTELLIGENCE  CROSS 
For  a  voluntary  act  or  acts  of  exceptional  heroism  involving  the  acceptance  of 
existing  dangers  with  conspicuous  fortitude  and  exemplary  courage. 
DISTINGUISHED  INTELLIGENCE  MEDAL 
For  performance  of  outstanding  services  or  for  achievement  of  a  distinctly 
exceptional  nature  in  a  duty  or  responsibility. 
INTELLIGENCE  STAR 
For  a  voluntary  act  or  acts  of  courage  performed  under  hazardous  conditions  or 
for  outstanding  achievements  or  services  rendered  with  distinction  under  conditions  of 
grave  risk. 
INTELLIGENCE  MEDAL  OF  MERIT 
For  the  performance  of  especially  meritorious  service  or  for  an  act  or  achieve- 
ment conspicuously  above  normal  duties. 
CAREER  INTELLIGENCE  MEDAL 
For  a  cumulative  record  of  service  which  reflects  exceptional  achievement. 
INTELLIGENCE  COMMENDATION  MEDAL 
For  the  performance  of  especially  commendable  service  or  for  an  act  or 
achievement  significantly  above  normal  duties  which  results  in  an  important 
contribution  to  the  mission  of  the  Agency. 
EXCEPTIONAL  SERVICE  MEDALLION 
For  injury  or  death  resulting  from  service  in  an  area  of  hazard. 
GOLD  RETIREMENT  MEDALLION 
For  a  career  of  35  years  or  more  with  the  Agency. 
SILVER  RETIREMENT  MEDALLION 
For  a  career  of  25  years  or  more  with  the  Agency. 
BRONZE  RETIREMENT  MEDALLION 
For  a  career  of  at  least  15  but  less  than  25  years  with  the  Agency.
■Hi 
DISTINGUISHED  INTELLIGENCE  CROSS 
For  Extraordinary  Heroism 
DISTINGUISHED  INTELLIGENCE  MEDAL 
For  Outstanding  Service 
INTELLIGENCE  STAR 
For  Courageous  Action 
INTELLIGENCE  MEDAL  OF  MERIT 
For  Mentonus  Service 
CAREER  INTELLIGENCE  MEDAL 
For  Exceptional  Achievement 
INTELLIGENCE  COMMENDATION  MEDAL 
For  Especially  Commendable  Services 
EXCEPTIONAL  SERVICE  MEDALLION 
For  Injury  or  Death  in  the 
Performance  ot  Hazardous  Duties 
GOLD  RETIREMENT  MEDALLION 
35  Years  ot  Agency  Service 
SILVER  RETIREMENT  MEDALLION 
25  Years  ot  Agency  Service 
BRONZE  RETIREMENT  MEDALLION 
15  Years  of  Agency  Service
The  Central  Intelligence  Agency 
Headquarters 
Building 
Background 
Designed  in  mid-1950s  by  New 
York  Firm  of  Harrison  and  Abram- 
ovitz.  designers  of  the  United 
Nations  building.  Located  about 
eight  miles  from  downtown  Wash- 
ington, the  building  and  grounds 
were  envisioned  by  the  then  Direc- 
tor of  Central  Intelligence,  Allen  W. 
Dulles,  as  projecting  the  atmo- 
sphere of  a  college  campus. 
Construction 
Began  October  1957,  completed 
November  1963.  Cornerstone  laid 
November  3,  1959.  Concrete  and 
Georgia  marble  used  in  main  lobby 
and  corridor. 
Space 
Building  consists  of  1,000,000 
square  feet.  Building  and  grounds 
comprise  219  acres.  A  new  build- 
ing with  an  additional  million 
square  feet  is  being  planned. 
Library 
Research  library  available  to 
Agency  personnel  only.  60,000  cat- 
alogued titles;  110,000  volumes; 
1,700  newspapers  and  journai  sub- 
scriptions. Participates  in  inter- 
library  loans  with  other  libraries  in 
United  States.  Emphasis  is  on 
basic  and  current  information 
about  foreign  countries  including  a 
selection  of  foreign  newspapers, 
telephone  directories,  diplomatic 
lists,  dictionaries  and  encyclope- 
dias. 
Art  Work 
Selected  and  hung  by  CIA  Fine 
Arts  Committee.  Collection  on  first 
floor  from  Arlington,  Virginia,  fi- 
nancier Vincent  Melzac,  a  former 
Director  of  the  Corcoran  Gallery  in 
Washington,  D.C.  Majority  of  col- 
lection is  abstract,  with  emphasis 
on  color  studies. 
Features 
Actually  completed  during  the 
Presidency  of  Dwight  D.  Eisen- 
hower—whose name  appears  on 
the  cornerstone— the  building  was 
commissioned  by  his  predecessor 
President  Harry  S  Truman.  Person- 
al messages  of  gratitude  and  ap- 
probation to  the  CIA  from  these 
two  Presidents  and  their  succes- 
sors are  hung  along  a  first  floor 
corridor. 
A  biblical  verse  characterizing 
the  intelligence  mission  in  a  free 
society  is  etched  into  the  wall  of 
the  central  lobby.  It  reads: 
And  ye  shall  know  the  truth 
and  the  truth  shall  make  you  free. 
John  VIII-XXXII 
Also  on  the  wall  of  the  central 
lobby  is  a  bas-relief  bust  of  Allen 
Welsh  Dulles  who  was  the  CIA 
Director  for  9  years.  The  building 
was  erected  during  his  period  in 
office. 
Engraved  in  the  same  wall  are 
memorial  stars,  each  honoring  a 
CIA  employee  whose  life  was  lost  in 
the  service  of  his  country.  The 
names  of  many  of  these  dedicated 
Americans  can  never  be  revealed. 
Headquarters  Expansion 
In  the  spring  of  1984,  construc- 
tion began  on  a  new  7-story  struc- 
ture to  be  joined  to  the  west  facade 
of  the  original  Headquarters  Build- 
ing. The  1.1  million  square  foot 
addition  will  include  two  7-story 
office  towers  connected  by  a  4- 
story  podium  containing  technical 
support  facilities  and  an  employee 
services  concourse.  The  project 
was  designed  by  the  Detroit  archi- 
tectural and  engineering  firm  of 
Smith,  Hinchman  &  Grills  to  be  in 
harmony  with  existing  structures. 
Occupancy  is  expected  in  1988.
rhe  Central  Intelligence  Agency 
Headquarters 
Auditorium 
Was  part  of  the  original  building 
design  in  mid-1950s. 
Construction 
Free-standing  dome-shaped  struc- 
ture connected  to  the  Main  Head- 
quarters Building  by  an  under- 
ground passage. 
Space 
Approximately  7,000  square  feet 
of  floor  space  and  seats  499 
people. 
Stage 
Since  it  lacks  the  traditional  cur- 
tain and  "backstage,'"  the  stage 
contains  a  projection  screen  that 
rises  from  and  disappears  into  the 
floor. 
Lighting/Acoustics 
Lighting  system  supplemented 
with  side  and  rear  lights  to  accom- 
modate the  use  of  color  television 
cameras  and  motion  picture  film- 
ing. The  large  plaster  rings  on  the 
inside  surface  of  the  dome  were 
designed  to  enhance  both  the 
esthetic  and  acoustical  character- 
istics of  the  structure.
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Central  Intelligence  Agency 
CREDO 
We  are  the  Central  Intelligence  Agency. 
We  produce  timely  and  high  quality  intelligence  for  the  President  and 
Government  of  the  United  States. 
We  provide  objective  and  unbiased  evaluations  and  are  always  open  to  new 
perceptions  and  ready  to  challenge  conventional  wisdom. 
We  perform  special  intelligence  tasks  at  the  request  of  the  President. 
We  conduct  our  activities  and  ourselves  according  to  the  highest  standards  of 
integrity,  morality  and  honor  and  according  to  the  spirit  and  letter  of  our 
law  and  Constitution. 
We  measure  our  success  by  our  contribution  to  the  protection  and 
enhancement  of  American  values,  security  and  national  interest. 
We  believe  our  people  are  the  Agency's  most  important  resource.  We  seek  the 
best  and  work  to  make  them  better.  We  subordinate  our  desire  for  public 
recognition  to  the  need  for  confidentiality.  We  strive  for  continuing 
professional  improvement.  We  give  unfailing  loyalty  to  each  other  and  to 
our  common  purpose. 
We  seek  through  our  leaders  to  stimulate  initiative,  a  commitment  to 
excellence  and  a  propensity  for  action;  to  protect  and  reward  Agency 
personnel  for  their  special  responsibilities,  contributions,  and  sacrifices;  to 
promote  a  sense  of  mutual  trust  and  shared  responsibility. 
We  get  our  inspiration  and  commitment  to  excellence  from  the  inscription  in 
our  foyer:  "And  Ye  shall  know  the  truth  and  the  truth  shall  make  you  free."
X 
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President  Dwight  D.  Eisenhower 
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Pre;  dent  Gerald  R.  Ford,  Jr. 
30  Ja-       .  7976 
To  Sv     •'  m  George  Bush  as  DCI 
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President  John  F.  Kennedy 
28  November  1961 
To  Present  the  National  Security  Medal  to 
Allen  Dulles 
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President  Jimmy  Carter,  Jr. 
9  March  1977 
To  Swear  in  Admiral  Stansfield  Turner  as 
DCI 
k 
President  Richard  M.  Nixon 
7  March  1969 
To  Address  CIA  Employees 
President  Jimmy  Carter,  Jr. 
16  August  1978 
To  Meet  with  CIA  Personnel  who 
Collect.  Analyze  and  Produce 
National  Intelligence  Estimates 
President  Ronald  W.  Reagan 
2:-    -~e1982 
T     "gn  Intelligence  Identities 
f-     'ection  Act  into  Law 
President  Ronald  W.  Reagan 
24  May  1984 
To  Break  Ground  for 
CIA  Headquarters  Expansion 
President  Ronald  W.  Reagan 
26  May  1987 
To  Swear  in  Judge 
William  H.  Webster  as  DCI
We  Are  Often  Asked: 
How  is  the  Cental  Intelligence  Agency 
different  from  the  KGB? 
The  Central  Intelligence  Agency  and  the 
KGB  are  very  different  because  their 
missions  and  activities  reflect  the 
societies— one  democratic  and  one 
totalitarian— of  which  they  are  a  part.  A 
major  role  of  the  KGB  is  internal  security, 
including  routine  surveillance  of  Soviet 
citizens.  The  Agency  has  no  law 
enforcement  or  security  functions  either 
at  home  or  abroad.  Unlike  the  Agency, 
which  is  governed  by  Presidential 
Executive  Order  and  law,  KGB  activities 
are  unrestrained.  Moreover,  the  American 
people's  elected  officials  oversee  all  U.S. 
intelligence  activities  through  the 
Congressional  Oversight  process.  The 
KGB  answers  to  no  one  but  the  highest 
officials  of  the  Soviet  party,  who  are  not 
freely  chosen  by  the  Russian  people. 
Who  works  for  the  Central  Intelligence 
Agency? 
The  Agency  carefully  selects  well- 
qualified  people  in  nearly  all  fields  of 
study.  Scientists,  engineers,  economists, 
linguists,  mathematicians,  secretaries, 
and  computer  specialists  are  but  a  few  of 
the  disciplines  continually  in  demand. 
Some  are  specialists— physical  and  social 
scientists,  doctors  of  medicine,  lawyers, 
etc.— but  many  are  generalists,  people 
who  have  demonstrated  their 
qualifications  to  hold  the  many  varied 
positions  that  make  up  the  bulk  of  the 
domestic  and  overseas  staffs.  Women, 
members  of  minority  groups,  and  the 
handicapped  are  well  represented  in  the 
ranks  of  those  employed  at  the  Central 
Intelligence  Agency. 
How  many  people  work  for  the  Central 
Intelligence  Agency  and  what  is  its 
budget? 
Neither  the  number  of  employees  nor  the 
size  of  the  Agency's  budget  can  be  publicly 
disclosed.  That  knowledge  would  provide 
an  advantage  to  our  adversaries.  While 
these  subjects  are  classified,  they  are 
known  in  detail  and  scrutinized  daily  by  the 
Office  of  Management  and  Budget  and  by 
the  Intelligence  Oversight  and 
Appropriations  Committees  of  both 
houses  of  Congress.  A  common 
misconception  is  that  the  Agency  has  an 
unlimited  budget,  which  is  far  from  true. 
The  resources  allocated  to  intelligence  are 
subject  to  the  same  rigorous  examination 
and  approval  process  as  ail  other 
government  organizations. 
Does  the  Central  Intelligence  Agency 
give  tours  of  its  headquarters  building  in 
Langley,  Virginia? 
No.  The  idea  was  considered  and  tested 
but  logistical  problems  and  security 
considerations  demonstrated  it  is  just  not 
possible. 
Does  the  Central  Intelligence  Agency 
release  publications  to  the  public? 
The  Agency  releases  many  unclassified 
publications  in  order  to  provide  additional 
research  aids  to  academic  and  business 
communities.  The  majority  of  these  reports 
contain  foreign  or  international  economic 
and  political  information  or  are  directories 
of  foreign  officials.  They  are  available  from 
the  Government  Printing  Office,  the 
National  Technical  Information  Service  and 
the  Library  of  Congress  (See  page  29).  The 
Agency  cannot,  however,  release  many  of 
its  other  reports  because  such  studies  are 
derived  from  sensitive  sources.  For 
additional  information,  contact  the  Public 
Affairs  Office,  Central  Intelligence  Agency, 
Washington,  DC,  20505;  (703)  351-2053.
Does  the  Centra!  Intelligence  Agency 
spy  on  Americans?  Does  it  keep  a  file  on 
me? 
No.  The  Central  Intelligence  Agency  is 
expressly  prohibited  by  Presidential 
Executive  Order  from  routinely  engaging 
in  the  domestic  use  of  such  techniques  as 
electronic,  mail,  or  physical  surveillance; 
monitoring  devices;  or  unconsented 
physical  search.  Such  intrusion  into  the 
lives  of  Americans  by  any  Government 
agency  could  take  place  only  under  the 
most  extraordinary  conditions  of  concern 
for  the  national  welfare  and,  even  then, 
only  when  approved  by  the  Attorney 
General.  Similarly,  the  Agency  does  not 
maintain  files  on  private  citizens.  Names 
of  American  citizens  may  appear  in 
various  records  as  a  consequence  of 
routine  business  t'.iey  conduct  with  the 
Agency,  but  they  are  in  no  way 
segregated  for  surveillance  or  special 
attention.  Any  citizen  has  the  right  to 
confirm  this  fact  under  the  authority  of 
ihe  Privacy  Act. 
Who  decides  when  the  Central 
Intelligence  Agency  should  engage  in 
covert  actions,  and  why? 
Only  the  President  can  direct  the  Agency 
to  undertake  a  covert  action.  Such 
actions  are  recommended  by  the  National 
Security  Council.  Once  tasked,  the 
Director  of  Central  Intelligence  must 
notify  the  intelligence  oversight 
committees  of  the  Congress.  Covert 
actions  are  considered  when  the  National 
Security  Council  judges  that  U.S.  foreign 
policy  objectives  may  not  be  fully  realized 
by  normal  diplomatic  means  and  when 
military  action  is  deemed  too  extreme  an 
option.  Therefore,  the  Agency  may  be 
directed  to  conduct  a  special  activity 
abroad  in  support  of  foreign  policy  such 
that  the  role  of  the  U.S.  Government  is 
neither  apparent  nor  publicly 
acknowledged. 
Does  the  Central  Intelligence  Agency 
participate  in  assassinations? 
No.  Presidential  Executive  Order  No. 
12333  explicitly  prohibits  the  Central 
Intelligence  Agency,  either  directly  or 
Indirectly,  from  engaging  in 
assassinations.  Internal  safeguards  and 
the  Congressional  oversight  process 
assure  compliance. 
Does  the  Central  Intelligence  Agency 
engage  in  drug  trafficking? 
No.  To  the  contrary,  the  Central 
Intelligence  Agency  assists  the  U.S. 
Government  effort  to  thwart  drug 
trafficking  by  providing  intelligence 
information  to  the  Department  of 
Commerce,  the  Drug  Enforcement 
Administration  and  the  State  Department 
What  is  the  Central  Intelligence 
Agency's  role  in  combatting 
international  terrorism? 
The  Central  Intelligence  Agency  supports 
the  overall  United  States  Government 
effort  to  combat  international  terrorism 
by  collecting,  analyzing,  and 
disseminating  intelligence  on  foreign 
terrorist  groups  and  individuals.  It  also 
conducts  liaison  with  the  intelligence  and 
security  services  of  friendly  governments, 
shares  counterterrorism  intelligence 
information  with  and,  on  request, 
provides  advice  and  training  to  these 
services.  The  Agency's  counterterrorism 
specialists  participate  actively  in 
developing  strategies  aimed  at 
combatting  terrorism  and  intelligence 
resources  worldwide  provide  significant 
support  to  U.S.  efforts  to  solve  this  grave 
problem.