HISTORY OF THE ASSISTANT CHIEF OF STAFF, INTELLIGENCE UNITED STATES AIR FORCE ] JANUARY - 30 JUNE 1975 Editec By Deane J. Allen ACS/I Historian GEORGE «J. EGAN; Major General, USA
, ‘ - . . . ro ye . . , : : « ae - ; ok f . : THE ASSISTANT CHIEF OF STAFF, INTELLIGENCE GEORGE J. KEEGAN, JR., MAJOR GENERAL, USAF
FOREWORD The history of AF/IN can best be understood if read with full appreciation of the dual responsibilities assigned to the Assistant Chief of Staff, Intelligence (ACS/I). He is, first of all, a member of the Air Staff with assigned specific responsibilities and functions in the areas of substantive intelligence support and manage- ment of Air Force intelligence resources. In addition, by National Security Council Directive, he is a member of the so-called "national intelligence community" with addi- tional specific responsibilities, functions, and relation- ships vis-a-vis the United States Intelligence Board, the Central Intelligence Agency, the Defense Intelligence Agency, the National Security Agency and the Service Intelligence Chiefs. However, the ACS/I is also the Commander of the Air Force Intelligence Service (AFIS), a Separate Operating Agency. In order to fully understand the role of the Assistant Chief of Staff, Intelligence as both ACS/I and Commander, AFIS, one must read both the semi-annual AF/IN histories and the annual AFIS histories. \ This history is organized to reflect the activ- ities of a function rather than an organization. It might be noted, however, that the first three chapters are the product of INA, INY, and INF, respectively. The only changes in the narrative from the inputs submitted by these directorates are small improvements in grammar or style. Moreover, this office is grateful to AFIS/DP for typing assistance rendered by Ms. Margaret Merritt and Ms. Estelle Alexander. Special recognition is in order for Ms. Evelyn Kitts and SSgt. Dennis Bavaria of AFIS/XP, who labored long and commendably in the final preparations of this manuscript.
TABLE OF CONTENTS FORWARD... eee e seen ees i ia a ee ee ee TABLE OF CONTENTS 2. pce cence cues ccerccercesccesecscs CHAPTER I: SUBSTANTIVE INTELLIGENCE SUBSTANTIVE INTELLIGENCE ISSUES .censescccccecvess USIB COMMITTEE PARTICIPATION. cere ccrccccccccces SUPPORT OF NATIONAL ESTIMATES. -cscuseescrssecees q eaeeseoevovoenseeve eee @ eesnsveeveen ere eG @ January 1975.... 13 February 1975...... 27 March 1975.. 9 May 5° 2. es 13 une LOT a ccc cc cnrccccv ese eercceseseesecs 22 May LIT 5 www c ccc esr cccenccecee eeoovrvneneeaevneweeaeveeveevneeeeaeveeere eee Interagency Memorandum: “Portugal's International POSItion". .cccceceseeeresssces NIAM 11-20-1-75: "Soviet Policy Toward Selected Countries of Southern Europe"...... Interagency Intelligence Report: "Soviet Strategic Policies and Force Options under the Vladivostok Understanding,” 3 March ho hs Pa eee ee ee) ii PAGE i ii
iii TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE eeeevoeeoeveoeveszveseeeoseeeveeeeevoeeeseoeeeneveaer 8 Interagency _Intelligence Report (IIR): @eeeeoeese2e9%21?¢8? ) SUPPORT OF DEFENSE ESTIMATES... ..cccecccccceccacs 9 Soviet-Warsaw Pact Threat--Joint Intelligence Estimate for Planning (JIEP 1977-1985) .. ccc ccc ccccc cc ccccencesece 9 DIE DE 1-75, “The Worldwide Reaction to the Fall of Indochina”. .cccccccccccscccccece 9 Soviet Underground Storage......ecccsccecseeese 10 Accuracy of New Soviet ICBMS.....cceceeeeoeees 10 History of Strategic Army Competition......... 10 Study of Japan's Air Defense Capability....... 11 SUPPORT OF THE AIR STAFF. .ccccsccscccacnceccseee Ll Soviet Laser SySteMS....cccccccccccccccccceees 12 AWACS Vulnerability. ....ccccccsccrcccccsccccce 12 Taper Ala... ccc ewww c eres cccsevecsccseccsecs§ 12 Saber Refuel-Strategic...ccecccceccccseseceess 13 Saber AGVantage..ccccccecsccccssccccscssesacses 14 Saber Engag@..cwcccccscccccccccesecccccsecscsevecs 15 Saber ASSUFE TVicccccccreccccccccccccccescccese 16 Air Launched Cruise Missile PMD and DCP....... 16 JCS Advanced Airborne Command Post Studies.... 16 SUPPORT OF SUBORDINATE UNITS AND CONTRACTORS.... 17 Air Force Avionics Laboratory Support......... 17 Radiometric Area Correlation ECM Study........ 18 ANSER SUPpOrt.ccrcccccsccccscvccscccsecccescccee 18 INTELLIGENCE ASSESSMENTS. .cceccccccccccececeeses 19 Reassessment of Soviet Military Personnel SCYENGth. cc ccoccevesesevecesasccesecvesececs 19 Estimate of Missile Test Firing CostS......... 19 SOViet RAdArS.ccccccccccescccvcceccccssessecese LI Electronic Warfare Document.....ceccecccccceee 29 Soviet Hardening Programs Brochure......eceeo.ee. 20 Soviet Selective OptionS....cccrccccccccecceee 20 Office of Management and Budget Tactical Air Mix Study. .c.cccccenacesscscseee 21 Threat Statements for Weapons Systems......... 22
TABLE OF CONTENTS SOVIET TRANSLATIONS... ccc nce ccc c ect t wes cease seas: Soviet Press Selection TranSlationS....c..c.sceee “Soviet Military Thought" Book Series......... INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCES AND MEETINGS....c.eeee German Psychological Defense Course for NATO OF LIceYVS..cecree cece esceceecccssoes NATO MC-161/75 and MC-255/75 Conference....... OTHER MEETINGS, SPECIAL EVENTS, AND BRIEFINGS... JSBS Briefing for USIB. esse mvpaeaeese@oee eee PF eeeese Congressional Inquiries. eeeeseveeweeeeeeseeeeeese ee @ CHAPTER II: SYSTEMS MANAGEMENT SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL INTELLIGENCE (PE BLO2Z2ZF) cc cccccccncevveseccccreeessevevecccnr ADVANCED RANGE INSTRUMENTAL SHIPS (ARIS) (PE BLOLBE) ccc creer eee ress sen cceseereseceeseenne TECHNICAL SENSOR COLLECTION (PE 31015F)......... Cobra Ballecwccccccccescucvcccesescescvsessese Cobra Ear and Cobra Fang... cecececeveresccsncs Cobra Judy.cccccccccccccccsccensssccscessscecs CODLTa Dane cece cnccncccesvcsccssesccssecsesces» CObra Talonesccccvcccccccccccnccncccceveresase Creek MaiG.ccccccccccccsccccccccevccccssvesees FOREST GREEN (PE SLOQTE) .ccrcccccsssccanssesneves CONSOLIDATED CRYPTOLOGIC PROGRAM... cescevccecee NATIONAL LEVEL COLLECTION AND EXPLOITATION MANAGEMENT. cccsccccrccccccccsccccccsvssccceseece COMIREX. ccc ce ccc ccc cence ccc cece reer ee seesesese Other Nationally Oriented Activities.......... Other Reconnaissance/Intelligence Support ACCIVitieS .cccccccccsccccccccccvccsevesecece Air Force Support For Civilian Disaster CONCLOL ec ccc secre ccccccesccceesaccaccesseees iv PAGE 22 22 23 23 23 23 24 24 25 27 31 32 33 35 35 36
TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE FOREIGN SUPPORT. cece eevee cre eer ereceeesncvecccnse 38 Proposal for Joint Endeavor... .cccwecccccccecee 38 U.S. Force Reduction In Thailand.......ccceeee 38 NATO SUPPORT . ce wcncececvescerersesseccccccceccecce 38 NATO Air Intelligence Staff Officer Course.... 39 Airborne Warning and Control System (AWACS)... 39 JCS SUPPORT. ec cncccccccccesenccesecccecvecvsnccces 40 Foreign Intelligence Assistance Programs...... 40 European Defense Analysis Center (EUDAC)...... 40 CHAPTER III: POLICY AND PLANS GENERAL DEFENSE INTELLIGENCE PROGRAM/ STRATEGIC RECONNAISSANCE PROGRAM MANPOWER REVIEW. ccc ccc cnn ccc r ccc en nance ccccccccsesceoeccas 42 FUNCTIONAL REVIEW OF SELECTED INTELLIGENCE ACTIVITIES. 2. ccc ccc ccc cence ccc ences cece ncccnccce 43 INTELLIGENCE CONTINGENCY FUNDS (ICF).....seeeees 43 INTELLIGENCE MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM (IMIS) . ccc ccc ccc ccc ccc ccs cccccceccccces 44 CONSOLIDATED INTELLIGENCE RESOURCES PROGRAM OBJECTIVES MEMORANDUM FOR FY 77-81...... 44 AF/IN-AFIS MBO Pilot Program.....cccccsscccees 45 FOREIGN DISCLOSURE POLICY. ccc eccccccvecccecceccees 45 Exceptions to Disclosure Policy. ..c.ssceseceeee 45 Delegation of Disclosure Authority...........6. 47 Miscellaneous ACtionS...ccccccccccccececcccece 52 FOOTNOTES FOR CHAPTER TIilewcccccccunccscccccccece 53 CHAPTER IV: ORGANIZATION AND MISSION ASSISTANT FOR JOINT, NSC, AND USIB MATTERS...... 57
vi TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE DIRECTORATE OF THREAT APPLICATIONS... .ceeccceees 58 FOREIGN DISCLOSURE POLICY GROUP....ccecceccccees 58
CHAPTER I; SUBSTANTIVE INTELLIGENCE SUBSTANTIVE INTELLIGENCE ISSUES An update of the AF/IN Issues Book "Substantive Intel- igence Issues" was produced for distribution within HQ USAF and to USAF intelligence organizations in the field. This book, first produced in October 1973, is designed to provide users information on major areas of disagreement within the intelligence community and to permit them to understand the position taken by the USAF on these issues. The first book contained 17 major issues. This year's publication is reduced to only eight items, an indication of USAF success in obtain- ing intelligence community support and agreement for its positions as stated in major estimates. The eight major issues remaining as of mid-1975 are as follows: Goals of the Soviet Union in Detente Soviet Interest in the Middle East SS-9 ICBM Accuracy Soviet ICBM Refire Role of the Backfire Look-down, Shoot-down Interceptor Soviet V/STOL Aircraft Particle Beam Weapons Development. A copy of the current Issues Book is attached. USIB COMMITTEE PARTICIPATION The Directorate of Threat Applications (AF/INA) provides membership to major United States Intelligence Board (USIB) committees. Air Force personnel serve as “members" to such groups as the Guided Missile and Astronautics Intelligence Committee (GMAIC), Scientific Intelligence Committee (SIC), and the Joint Atomic Energy Intelligence Committee (JAEIC). It is their responsibility to provide these key USIB com- mittees with Air Force views and ideas in national level intelligence reports and estimates. Examples of reports of
national interest in which major inputs were provided are: "Military Implications of Technology Transfer to the Soviet Union;" “Worldwide Uranium Enrichment Capabilities;" "Assess- ment of Soviet SLBM Weapons System Accuracy;" and "Current Gaps in our Knowledge of Soviet Spacecraft Systems." SUPPORT OF NATIONAL ESTIMATES
Interagency Memorandum: "Portugal's International Position" NIAM 11-20-1-75: "Soviet Policy Toward Selected Countries of Southern Europe" Interagency Intelligence Report: "Soviet Strategic Policies and Force Options under the Vladivostok Understanding," 3 March 1975
| Intelligence Report (IIR): From present indications, the Air Force input will have a Significant impact on the final IIR and will realistically _ reflect the Soviet capabilities. SUPPORT OF DEFENSE ESTIMATES Soviet-Warsaw Pact Threat~-Joint Intelligence Estimate for Planning (JIEP 1977-1985) DIE DE 1-75, “The Worldwide Reaction to the Fall of Indochina"
Soviet Underground Storage Accuracy of New Soviet ICBMs History of Strategic Arms Competition The History of the Strategic Arms Competition, was a SECDEF directed effort designed to highlight the interaction between U.S. and U.S.S.R. strategic force developments since 1945. The Air Force contribution to the history traced
ll ballistic missile and bomber development over the period of 1945 through 1972. y | The Directorate of Threat Application supplied three Man-years of full time research and writing support to the Study before completing its part in the study in mid-June. Study of Japan's Air Defense Capability . During June, the Directorate of Threat Applications was requested by Air Force DCS Plans (AF/XOX) to comment on an Assistant Secretary of Defense, Program Analysis and Evalua- tion (ASD/PA&E) draft study of Japan's air defense capa- bility. SUPPORT OF THE AIR STAFF p- } The Directorate of Threat Applications produced a brochure (See supporting documents), titled "Summary Review of Selected U.S. and Soviet Military Forces" (dated 15 April 1975), for the Chief of Staff, USAF, to present to Senator John Culver (IA-D). It examined trends in U.S. and Soviet forces from 1950s to the present. Of primary interest to the Air Force was the review of ICBMs, SLBMs, bombers,
12 fighters, transports, SAMs, and air defense radars. The brochure also compared defense spending trends of the U.S. and U.S.S.R.* Soviet Laser Systems = An interagency intelligence report was published in February 1975 on the Soviet capability to develop strategic laser systems. Synopses of the report were provided to Dr. John McLucas, Secretary of the Air Force; Gen David Jones, CSAF; and Gen Richard H. Ellis, Vice CSAF. This report provided a resume of intelligence assessments on Soviet R&D developments that support Soviet weapons and other high-energy laser devices. Significantly, this paper will serve as the basis for national estimates on Soviet high-energy laser capabilities. AWACS Vulnerability Taper Alfa *after the original copy was given to the Chief of Staff, additional copies were produced and sent to key personnel in DOD, the Air Staff, and other services. Copies were also dis- tributed to all Air Force major command intelligence staffs, to the Unified and Specified Commands, and to the professional military schools.
13 Saber Refuel-Strategic GMB The Directorate of Threat Applications worked closely with the Air Force director of Strategic Offensive and Defensive Studies of the Assistant Chief of Staff/Studies and Analysis (AF/SASB) on phases of the analysis, including the development of analytical techniques and methodology to insure the accurate simulation of Soviet force capabilities and employment doctrine. In addition, AF/INA provided the Soviet target listing and all threat data pertaining to enemy force capabilities, including force size, deployment and employment of forces, and detailed characteristics and performance data for the individual weapon systems.
The study will be used in support of the Advanced Tanker/Cargo Aircraft (ATCA) issue. The study has been priefed to the Commander of SAC, Defense Development, Research and Engineering (DDR&E), and the Assistant Secre- tary of Defense/Program Analysis and Evaluation (ASD/PAG&E) . Saber Advantage mm The Assistant Chief of Staff/Studies and Analysis (AF/SA), conducted the Saber Advantage study which examined the comparative strategic options available to the U.S. and U.S.S.R. in an effort to identify and evaluate existing or potential exploitable asymmetries. The initial portion of this study examined the suitability of U.S. and U.S.S.R. weapons to achieve the objectives of identified limited nuclear options. Although this method was very general in nature, it did identify some possible areas where asymmetries may exist. In many places careful target selection may be able to over- come identified weapon system deficiencies.
17 Airborne Command Post (AABNCP) program. On 30 April 1975, the Chairman, JCS, requested the Air Force support the OJCS effort by reviewing and analyzing AABNCP basing (main oper- ating bases and satellite bases), aircraft requirements, aircraft survivability, and management concepts. Addition- ally, the Air Force was asked to provide a technical evalua- tion of the feasibility of combining the Strategic Air Command and National Emergency Airborne Command Post battle staffs on a single aircraft. | AF/INA supported the study by supplying the character- istics, numbers and deployment patterns of Soviet systems capable of attacking the AABNCP from 1975-1985. These threats included ICBMs, SLBMs, and clandestine agents. The study was completed on 16 June 1975. SUPPORT OF SUBORDINATE UNITS AND CONTRACTORS Air Force Avionics Laboratory Support In March 1975, the Air Force Avionics Laboratory (AFAL) -reguested AF/INA assistance in analyses of candidate elec- tronic warfare systems. The purpose of these analyses was to examine the relative values of the programs under consid- eration. AFAL requested that AF/INA provide a detailed description of a Warsaw Pact ground force air defense environment following an advance by this force into NATO's Central Region. The time frame required for this environ- ment was the early 1980s. ww To meet AFAL's request, AF/INA prepared an array depicting four Soviet armies positioned along the Rhine from Dusseldorf to Frankfurt. The scenario selected for use was one prepared by DIA for the Assistant Secretary of Defense (Program Analysis and Evaluation). Relevant portions of this scenario were provided to AFAL. Within the army areas, AF/INA plotted division and regiment headquarters, air defense weapons and radar sites. Each location was given a five-digit code number which identified the location by unit type and subordination. Also provided to AFAL were descrip- tions of the weapons and radar sites; information on the doctrine, organization, tactics, radar interface, and com- mand and control of the air defense system; and principles to be followed in deploying Soviet combat aircraft to West German airfields.
18 Radiometric Area Correlation ECM Study Li] In March 1975, the Air Force Armament Laboratory requested AF/INA assistance in an ECM analysis of the Radio- metric Area Correlator Guidance (RACG) system. The study required the development of a Central European electromag- netic threat scenario, to include any elements of the furrent or projected enemy threat which would degrade the RACG system. ANSER Support a Analytical Services Incorporated (ANSER) requested information in support of a study entitled, "Tactical Force Interaction, Targeting, and Strike." The study is sponsored by the Director of Reconnaissance and Electronic Warfare (AF/RDR) and the Director of Operations Requirements and Development Plans (AF/RDQ). The purpose of the study is to examine the interrelation of: a) systems for acquiring information on which to base strike information, b) systems for executing tactical air strikes, c) systems for exercis- ing communication command and control, and d) systems Gevoted to decreasing attrition of friendly aircraft through suppression of enemy ground and air defense. ;
19 INTELLIGENCE ASSESSMENTS Reassessment of Soviet Military Personnel Strength Estimate of Missile Test Firing Costs ay In an attempt to provide more realistic evaluation of -Soviet research and development costs, AF/INA prepared an estimate of the Research, Development, Test, and Evaluation (RDT&E) and Operational Training (OT) test shots for 1974 and for the total period since the U.S.S.R. began testing missiles. The estimate was produced by comparing Soviet missiles to similar U.S. missiles for which test costs were known. A report, comparing Soviet and U.S. missile test firing costs was forwarded to CIA, DIA, and other members of the intelligence community. rd An intelligence assessment (see attachment) of the foreign policy options in Asia for the PRC was completed and circulated throughout the Air Staff and commands by AF/INA. Soviet Radars
Electronic Warfare Document Soviet Hardening Programs Brochure 2 The Directorate began preparation of a brochure on the Soviet hardening program. This report will review the high level of effort the U.S.S.R. has spent on building hardened structures to protect vital installations from attack. It will cover ballistic missiles, nuclear weapons storage, air- craft, surface-to-air missiles, radars, naval facilities, .command and control, civil defense, stockpile facilities, and troop protection in the field. AM. Soviet Selective Options
21 Office of Management and Budget Tactical Air Mix Study , The Office of Management and Budget (OMB) initiated a Tactical Air Mix Study as part of an effort to assess long range National Security resource requirements. The study examines and compares the tactical air roles, missions, forces, and weapons systems of the Military Departments, and addresses both active and reserve components in the 1975-1S85 time period. A joint team of Army and Air Force action officers presented a series of briefings to OMB study personnel on 21 and 22 April 1975. Most of the briefings involved a review of Air Force and Army roles and missions, and the Tactical Air Control Svstem (TACS). AF/INA presented a briefing on the Air Threat to Central Europe and the Army counterpart presented a briefing on the Ground Threat to Central Europe. The Air Threat briefing was based on the “Air Threat to Overseas Land Areas" paper approved by the ACS/1I.* *See history for Jan-Jun 1974.
Threat Statement for Weapons Systems r To support a special ACS/I study, AF/INA was requested to develop a list of requirements which dictated the devei- opment of specific U.S. weapon systems. Fourteen systems were examined from a list of major programs under research and development or production, and considered by SECDEF to have high national priority. AF/INA investigation revealed that not ail systems were developed solely in response to an identified foreign threat. Some were developed as a result of a continuing exploitation of a developed capability, a few because of a possible threat, and others in response to a projected threat. Our examination used Required Operational Capabilities (ROCs) and Development Concept Papers (DCPs) wnen available. In some cases none were available. In others, the originals had been superseded and the original driving force significantly altered in the later publication. SOVIET TRANSLATIONS Soviet Press Selected Translations AF/INA continued to produce its "Soviet Press Selected Translations" on a monthly basis (see supporting documents). The purpose of this publication is to provide translations of the most timely and significant articles in the fields of military and political affairs appearing in current Soviet newspapers and journals. During this period the distribution of this publication rose to over 1200 copies a month, with 350 going to the Air War College for the use by the faculty and students. The "Suviet Press Selected Trans- lations" is also used for Russian language training in a number of institutions--notably the United States Military Academy at West Point. The Defense Language Institute finds it helpful in training personnel working on the "Hot Line" in the Pentagon. In addition, the Defense Language Institute utilizes these translations to develop a non- resident language maintenance/refresher course in Russian.
23 "Soviet Military Thought" Book Series en AF/INA continued to edit Russian military books for translation into English; five separate translations will be published within the next few months. Furthermore, sales and distribution of Volumes I-V have climbed both in the United States and abroad. Recently, the British Royal Military Academy at Sandhurst, England, purchased 20 sets of Volumes I-V in order to include them in a course on Soviet Military Thought being conducted for senior military officers. INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCES AND MEETINGS German Psychological Defense Course for NATO Officers NATO MC-161/75 and MC-255/75 Co nference => Lieutenant Colonel Michael Moran, AF/INA, served as AF/IN representative on the U.S. Delegation during the preparation of MC-161/75 and MC-255/75, the basic NATO descriptions of Warsaw Pact strengths and capabilities, held at NATO headquarters in Belgium. Aside from some minor differences in the identification and categorization of Warsaw Pact ground force units, the final drafts were generally compatible with the U.S. Position Papers approved
24 by USIB and JCS prior to the meeting. The air forces sections of the paper were non-controversial and were passed with only minor changes to the drafts as written for the U.S. contribution. Several paragraphs were, in fact written by AF/INA analysts. OTHER MEETINGS, SPECIAL EVENTS, AND BRIEFINGS WR Lieutenant Colonel Michael Murray, Major Robert Berls, and Captain John Graham (AF/INA) attended monthly Sino- Soviet seminars at the BDM Corporation in Vienna, Virginia, during the period February to May 1975. . Lieutenant Colonel Murray and Major Berls (AF/INA) attended the annual meeting of the Washington Chapter of the American Association for the Advancement of Slavic Studies at George Washington University, Washington, D.C., on 9-10 May 1975. The theme of the conference was "The Soviet Union from Inside and Outside." @ Captain James O'Brien (AF/INA) attended a seminar entitled "Perspectives on Strategic Intelligence and National Security," which was held at the Industrial College of the Armed Forces, Fort McNair, on 24-25 June 1975. @® a special orientation program was prepared by AF/INA for Brig. Gen. James W. Wold, senior Air Officer anda DATT, U.S. Embassy, Moscow, prior to his departure to the U.S.S.R. A similar program was also presented to other U.S. attache-~ selectees assigned to other Warsaw Pact countries. JSBS Briefing for USIB
25 P| During March, AF/INA prepared letters for General Keegan to be sent to each member/observer of the USIB offering the briefing at their convenience. We received affirmative replies from all involved and coordinated the necessary briefings with ODDR&E. Only the Director of Central Intel- ligence, Mr. William Colby, has not been briefed, but he has indicated a desire to see the briefing. AF/INA thinks these presentations not only informed the Intelligence Community on the bomber's capability to counter extreme threats, but also allowed them to question the application of their own estimates, and focus their attention on areas requiring additional data. Assistant Secretary of Air Force Frank Shrontz was _briefed by AF/INA on 10 January 1975 on current negotiations of the four NATO nations in the F-104 replacement consortium. ere On 9 June and 27 June, Mr. Omori of the Japan Defense gency Intelligence Bureau was given briefings on intelli- gence management and USAF intelligence organizations and their missions. Ali arrangements were made by AF/INA per- sonnel and briefings were given by INY personnel. @ AF/INA instituted a program to increase contact between Air Force officers in Washington, D.C. for attache training, and AF/INA foreign area analysts. AF/INA analysts will meet periodically with those students at Defense Intelligence School (DIS) to acquaint them with developments concerning their countries of interest. Congressional Inquiries , | AS a result of presentation to Congress in the form of annual Posture Statement and Air Force program reviews, a number of intelligence related questions are raised by Senators and Congressmen. AF/INA served as AF/IN focal point
26 for these requests. Responses to these requests are gener- ally in the form of inserts for record or background informa~ tion to be used in majcr briefings to special congressional committees by key Air Force officers. Well over 50 such requests have been answered during the past 6 months. Typical examples of requests and answers to these requests are attached.
CHAPTER II: SYSTEMS MANAGEMENT SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL INTELLIGENCE (PE 31022F ADVANCED RANGE INSTRUMENTAL SHIPS (ARIS) (PE 31018F)
Cobra Ear and Cobra Fang Cobra Judy Cobra Dane = The Cobra Dane program is a multi-object, precision racking radar on Shemya AFB, Alaska, which will be used to collect radar data against Soviet strategic ballistic missile tests to the Kamchatka Peninsula and the Pacific Ocean. Installation of prime mission equipment in the Cobra Dane technical facility commenced in April 1975. Initial testing of technical equipment was conducted in May and June 1975.
30 The scheduled operational data for this new phzsed array radar is March 1976. Cobra Talon Creek Maid FOREST GREEN (PE 31027F)
33 NATIONAL LEVEL COLLECTION AND EXPLOITATION MANAGEMENT COMIREX Other Nationally Oriented Activities
34 @ Planning for the Inter-theater Imagery Transmission ystem (IITS) has resulted in the fcrmulation of a study requirement to integrate Army and Navy requirements into the Air Force program. The study group report is due to ASD (TI) in November 1975. The DOD Imagery Interpretation Keys Committee (KEYSCOM) Ts responsible for the coordination, production, and maintenance of Imagery Interpretation (II) Keys. The KFYSCOM membership consists of the Army, Navy, and Air Force and it is chaired by DIA. During 1975, the KEYSCOM revised the Keys' program so that it increased production, reduced cost, and tailored the Keys' content tc each individual organization's
35 needs. These goals will ke accomplished with the implementa- tion of the Joint Imagery Interpretation Keys (JIIKS) Concept. The Air Force is scheduled to produce three Keys under the JIIKS Concept in FY 75. The JIIKS Concept provides for standardizing Keys in size and format, and for employing loose-leaf binding instead of the hard cover currently in use. The lcoose-leaf binding permits updating by adding, changing, or deleting individual pages, and reuse of the binders--for a total savings of $8,225. While the savings is a direct result of the JIIKS Concept, and has been submitted as a Reconnaissance Program Individual Savings Action, AF/INYSD is currently seeking to effect additional savings by examining a production consclidation proposal. AF/INYSD manages the production of all Air Force-produced Keys, serves as OPR for 11 Keys, and reviews all Keys for release to foreign nationals. In keeping with AF/IN direc- tion to be as liberal as possible within the limts of national security policy, AF/INYSD is currently reviewing 14 Keys for release to Iran. Other Reconnaissance/Intelligence Support Activities So altos Ne
Air Force Support For Civilian Disaster Control The military departments under DOD Directive 3025.1, Military Support for Natural Disasters, are required to provide assistance during natural disasters to the Federal Disaster Assistances Administration (FDAA). Normally, the military devartments are reimbursed for any expense occurred while providing this support. In 1972, the Air Force was asked to fly aerial reconnaissance and provide imagery interpretation Support to determine the extent of damage caused by hurricane Camille. This was a very successful effort which culminated
a) ~J in a standing requirement for this type of support. To Support this requirement, the Tactica] Air Command developed COMTAC Plan 188, 1 October 1973. Vs] The Air Force was recently asked to provide imagery interpretation support to determine the damace caused by the: 6 May 1975 tornado to Omaha, Nebraska. The imagery was flown by the 155th Air National Guard Tactical Reconnaissance Group and the imagery was interpreted by the 9th Tactice1l Intel- ligence Squadron (TIS). On 16 May 1975, AF/INYSD, AF/XOOSE, 9th TIS, Army (DOMS) and FDAA personnel met tc evaluate the Support provided. The FDAA wes satisfied with the effort. @® = Publication of AFR 96-1, Quality Control Requirements For Continuous Photographic Processing Laboratories. APR 96-1 was developed as a result of the AF/INYSD-sponsored Sentimental Sigma program to standardize the quality control procedures used by USAF photographic reconnaissance and Mapping laboratories.* This regulation, for the first time in the history of the USAF, establishes minimum quality control and imagery evaluation requirements and policies for USAF Fuoto processing facilities and culminates almost 3 years of effort by AF/INYSD, major commands and field units. @® included in the recently published AFR 96-1 are require- ments and policies for standard: calibration procedures for quality control instruments; performance levels and require- ments; imagery evaluation procedures; and environmertal criteria. These standards will insure that maximum intelli- gence content is provided from all USAF tactical anda strategic reconnaissance programs and will complement other documenta- tion published as a result ef the Sentinal Sigma program. * As Air Staff OPR for the WS-430B Photographic Processing and interpretation Facility which supports tactical air reconnaissance and SR-71/U-2 processing/exploitation, AF/INYSD insures that the requirements of AFF 96-1 are smoothly integrated into the operations of all USAF reconnaissance/mapping laboratories.
FOREIGN SUPFORT Proposal For Joint Endeavor U.S. Force Reduction In Thailand a .NATO SUPPORT NATO Military Agency For Standardization (MAS) Working Group Photographic Equipment And Materials (PEM) Working Group A representative from AF/INYSD led the U.S. Delegation to the 10th Meeting of the PEM during 12-16 May 1975. Topics discussed and standards agree:d to concerned the: cross servicing and interoperability of NATO imagery reconnaissance processing techniques and equipment. Members of the U.S. Delegation
39 includeé USN, USAF, and DIA. Detailed minutes and action items were provided to all appropriate Air Staff offices; USAF MAJCOMs; and U.S. military services, departments, ana agencies. The U.S. agreed to evaluate the possibility of hosting the next meeting at USAFE Headquarters, Ramstein AB, Germany, in the fall of 1976. NATO Air Intelligence Staff Officer Course a During this period AF/INYX completed tke development of NATO Air Intelligence Staff Officer Course. This course had been under development since August 1973 and is designed to train selected NATO staff officers in the fundamental management of intelligence resources. Classes are conducted at the Armed Forces Air Intelligence Training Center (AFAITC), Lowry AFB, Colorado. Two classes per year (July and January) have been scheduled, with a maximum of 16 to a minimum of 6 students per class. The tuition for each student. for FY 76 will be $1110.00. Tne NATO course will be taught at the SECRET-level and should be a valuable addition to the training of NATO personnel. Due to political considerations, only countries with a NATO committed Air Force may attend. This excludes France, Portugal, Iceland, and Luxembourg. The course will be recertified each year. Airborne Warning and Control Syst.em (AWACS)
JCS SUPPORT Foreign Intelligence Assistance Programs* European Defense Analysis Center (EUDAC) w AF/INYX worked the final actions regarding the relocation Ort EUDAC which was originally recommenced in the Intellicence Center Issue Study concluded in mid-1973. As a result of this study, the JCS recommended to the SECDEF that the EUDAC be relocated from Lindsey AS, Wiesbaden, Germany to HQ USEUCOM, Patch Barracks, Stuttgard, Germany. On 15 November 1973, SECDEF approved the recommendation, anc on 1 December 1973, the JCS directed USCINCEUR to prepare an impjementation plan for SCS review and consideration. USCINCEUR on 8 April 1974 forwarded the USCINCEUR Implementation Plan 3-74 which provided for the EUDAC relocation during the period July 1974-April 1975. In a related action, the JCS submitted to SECDEF its recommendations on the UCP. One of the UCP recommendaticns was the reiccation of HQ EUCOM from Stuttgart to a site near SHAPE. The Air Staff recommended that the EUDAC reloca- tion be deferred until a UCP decision was rendered. On 7 September 1974, USEUCOM suspended USCINCEUR Implementation Plan 3-74 and requested that all actions and progress reperting in response to the plan be held in abeyance. The UCP decisions announced on 24 February 1975 did not impact upon the EUDAC relocation, and therefore no longer impeced the EUDAC move. On 8 March 1975, USCINCEUR notified JCS of his intentions to * AF/INYX is AF/IN OPR for the tto JCS actions involving foreign intelligence assistance during this historical report- ing period--Stark Ace and Stark Queen.
4} proceed with the EUDAC relocation witk an operational goal date of September 1975. Implementation Plan 3-74 was reinstated, updated by EUCOM. and reviewed by the Air Staff. On 23 May 1975, JCS requested that USCINCEUR execute Implementation Plan 3-74 (Revised).
CHAPTER I11: POLICY AND PLANS GENERAL DEFENSE INTELLIGENCE PFOGRAM/STRATEGIC RECONNAISSANCE PROGRAM MANPOWER REVIEW
FUNCTIONAL REVIEW OF SELECTED INTELLIGENCE ACTIVITIES To support preparation of annual programs, the ASE(I), requested a functional review of DIA and Service information handling and related system activities. The principal purpose of the review was to measure the effectiveness with which such programs correct substantive intelligence deficiencies and reduce manpower-intensive activities through automation. The ASD(I) specifically requested that manpower and fiscal resources be identified by system, ADP category, and intelligence functions supported. The operating commands were requested to provide this level of detail. In addition to Intelligence Data Handling System (IDHS) resources, related telecommunications and research and development efforts were also addressed. The Air Force review and supporting documentation, was presented to the ASD(I) staff on 14 May 1975. INTELLIGENCE CONTINGENCY FUNDS (ICF) Change 1 to AFM 200-4, Intelligence Continger:cy Funds waS coordinated and forwarded to the printers fcr publication. This change incorporated many recommendations of AF/ACU auditors for tightening controls on the accounting and use of ICF monies.
INTELLIGENCE MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM (IMIS) The initial data input for the DIA Intelligence Marage~ ment Information System (IMIS) was provided to that agency as part of a test of selected program entities having intelli- gence production related responsibilities. Tctal Intelliger.ce Program Element implementation was deferred pending the resui.ts of this one year test program. Six Air Force intelligence Program Elements (31020, 31021, 31022, 31025, 31028 and 31056) participated in this data call. CONSOLIDATED INTELLIGENCE RESOURCES INFORMATION SS STEM (CIRIS) = A combined Air Force input for General Defense Intel- igence Program and Strategic Reconnaissar:ce Vehicles (GDIP/SRV) elements was forwarded tc the Central Intelligence Agency as directed by the ASD(I). The calendar year 1975 CIRIS input differed frcem past submissions in that DIA prepared the resources displays by geographic target and intelligence objectives. The services, as in the past, up- dated organizational and administrative data and allocated resources (manpower and dollars) by reporting entity. PROGRAM OBJECTIVES MEMORANDUM FOR FY 77-81 The Intelligence portion of the Air Force Program Objectives Memorandum (POM) submitted in May 1975 incorperated the Management by Objectives (MBO) approach. The Planning and Programming Guidance Memorandum (PPGM) for the: Consolidated Defense Intelligence Program prepared by the: Assistant Secretary of Defense (Intelligence) included five Resource Goals for the Air Force Intelligence. The POM identified required actions to accomplish these goals and included the necessary manpower and dollars for each. The:se relationships will serve as fundamental review criteria during the program review process.
07 CHAPTER IV: ORGANIZATION AND MISSION THE ASSISTANT FOR JOINT, NSC, AND USIB MATTERS The mission of AF/INJ continues to include responsi- bility for not only all Joint Chiefs of Staff actions that pass through AF/IN, but also National Security Council (NSC) and United States Intelligence Board (USIB) matters. From January to June 1975, some 1050 joint and NSC actions, together with an estimated 120 USIB papers, were reviewed and prepared through the office. This high number of actions was due in part to the revision of the Unified Command Plan, to the processing of plans for withdrawals and phasedowns in Southeast Asia, and to the establishment of intelligence enhancement programs with Middle Eastern countries. TZ Significant actions for which this office exercised primary cognizance and which involved major issues included: a. A DIA proposal for establishment of a Consolidated Coordination Facility (CCF) for the interactive tasking of DOD reconnaissance resources. The issues which were raised by the AF/IN representatives centered on defining the limits of authority to be exercised by the new organization and preserving existing service prerogatives for tasking of assigned reconnaissance assets. This project is continuing, although all issues appeai: to have been resolved at this time. b. A DIA proposal to replace parts of Annex A to the JSOP and the JSCP with a new DIA-sponsored and produced document, the Joint Intelligence Priorities, Objectives and Resources Document (JIPORD). The JIPORD would then become the primary intelligence resource management tool for those assets under control of the JCS. AF/IN took strong excep- tion to the concept of divorcing this type of management from the Joint Strategic Planning System and has been successful in winning an indefinite delay in consideration of the project. Colonel Donald B. Ralph, the Assistant for Joint, NSC and USIB Matters completed his Air Staff tour, and Lt Colonel Robert H. Plummer, Jr. became the Acting Assistant.
58 DIRECTORATE OF THREAT APPLICATIONS , | As of 30 June 1975, authorized directorate Air Staff manning for INA was 40 officers, 7 noncommissioned officers and 24 civilians. Two officer and two civilian spaces were deleted at the end of the third quarter of FY 75. Two officers and two NCOs assigned to AFIS/INR perform duty in APF/INAK. The new Deputy Director arrived in February 1975 and the Senior Master Sergeant NCOIC arrived in June 1975. FOREIGN DISCLOSURE POLICY GROUP During this reporting period, the Foreign Disclosure Policy Group (INF) continued to represent the Air Force on the National Military Information Disclosure Policy Commit- tee (NDPC), formulate Air Force disclosure policy and pro-. cedures, delegate disclosure authority to Air Staff offices and major commands, furnish final decisions in cases which exceed existing authority, and manage the Air Force-wide Foreign Disclosure Automated Data System (FORDAD).