USA  INSCOM  Reg  105-12 
DEPARTMENT  OF  THE  ARMY 
UNITED  STATES  ARMY  INTELLIGENCE  AND  SECURITY  COMMAND 
Arlington  Hall  Station 
Arlington,  Virginia    22212 
Regulation  ^  M 
No!  105-12  ,  '2  November  1978 
Commun  1  cat  1  ons  -E 1  ectron  1  cs 
ADVANCED  IDENTIFICATION  TECHNIQUES  (AIT)   (U) 
Paragraph  Page 
Section  I    GENERAL 
Purpose—   — « — — —   — -  1  1 
Scope-—    2  1 
Effective  date   .r 
  3  1 
Definitions   —  4  1 
r 
II    OBJECTIVES 
Objective   ;-  —       S  4 
Advanced  Identification  Techniques—       6  4 
III    RESPONSIBILITIES 
Headquarters  t  USA  INSCOM         7  4 
Subordinate  Elements         8  5 
IV    STANDARO  PROCEDURES  FOR  MANAGEMENT, 
CONTROL,  AND  TASKING  OF  AIT 
General   -    9  5 
Tasking—    10  5 
.   AIT  Library —    11  6 
.    Instatlon  Analytic  Listings    12  9 
~  AIT  Tip-Off    13  9 
— **  Instatlon  Unit  Listings    14  10 
AIT  Logs    15  10 
Reports    16  10 
'♦This  "regulation  supersedes  USA  INSCOM  Regulation  105-12,  26  February 
CLASSIFIED  8Y  OOD  OIR  5200.17  <M2) 
EXEMPT  FROM  GENERAL  DECLASSIFICATION 
SCHEDULE  OF  EXECUTIVE  ORDER  11652 
EXEMPTION  CATEGORY  2 
DECLASSIFY  ON  NOTIFICATION  BY 
0RI6INAT0R.
Section  I 
6ENERAL 
1.  (U)  PURPOSE.  This  regulation  provides  standard  criteria  for  local 
1n-stat1on  management,  control,  and  tasking  of  USA  JTWSCOM  Advanced  Identi 
ficatlon  Techniques  (AIT)j 
2.  (U)  SCOPE.  This  regulation  applies  to  all  INSCQM  organizations  and 
units  engaged  1n  or  responsible  for  AIT  management,  control  and  tasking. 
This  basic  document  is  augmented  by  additional  regulations  pertaining  to 
the  specific  areas  of  operation  addressed  within  this  document. 
3.  (U)  EFFECTIVE  DATE.  This  regulation  and  changes  thereto  will  be 
placed  in  effect  upon  receipt. 
4.  (C)  DEFINITIONS.  In  order  to  standardize  the  terminology  associated 
with  the  AIT  Field,  the  following  terms  are  defined  below: 
b.  (U)  AIT  library.  A  collection  of  AIT  recordings  mounted  on 
sheets,  either  matched  or  unmatched,  catalogued  and  filed  by  representa- 
tive characteristic  classification. 
c.  (U)  AIT  Recording.  A  filmed  record  of  one  transmitter's 
characteristics  taken  at  a  specific  point  1n  time. 
d.  (U)  AH  Trace.  The  AM  Trace  is  a  visual  display  on  the  AIT  film 
record  of  the  signal  voltage  and  includes  both  the  zero  trace  lines 
(non-keyed  display  between  elements/bauds)  and  the  keyed  transmitter 
signal  enfe lopes. 
e^Hft)  Buildup  time.  The  number  of  milliseconds  1t  takes  the  AH 
envelope  to  reach  its  initial  maximum  amplitude  after  key  on. 
f .  (U)  Characteristics.  The  specific  FM  and  AM  variations  of  a 
transmitted  signal.  4  ..    *  ^ 
g.  (U)  Continuity.  A  progressive  accumulation  of  AIT  recordings 
depicting  major  characteristics  of  a  single  transmitter,  which  shows 
changes  or  lack  of  changes  1n  that  transmitter  over  a  progressive  length 
of  time.
USA  INSCOM  Reg  105-12 
h.  (U)  Element.  That  envelope/baud  portion  of  an  oscillogram  which 
represents  both  frequency  and  amplitude  of  the  keyed  transmitted  signal. 
It  1s  Inclusive  of  the  key-on,  main-body,  and  key-off  portions  of  the 
emission. 
*•  W)  Envelope.  That  portion  of  an  AIT  representation  showing 
the  amplitude  (AM)  display  of  the  transmitted  signal  between  key-on 
and  key-off.  Also  rtftrrtd  to  as  baud. 
1   i-  W)  PM  Trace.  The  FM  Trace  1s  a  visual  display  on  the  AIT 
recording  of  the  signal  frequency  which  Includes  both  the  frtt  swinging 
(between  elements/bauds)  and  the  carrier  or  keyed  frequency  of  the  trans- 
mitted signal. 
k.  (U)  Key-off.  The  terminal  portion  of  the  element/baud  which 
occurs  when  the  transmitter  key  1s  released. 
1.  (U)  Key-on.  The  Initial  portion  of  an  element/baud  which 
occurs  when  the  transmitter  is  keyed. 
m.  (U)  Match.  Two  AIT  recordings  obtained  at  different  times, 
which  are  matched  due  to  similarity  $f  characteristics;  thus.  Indicat- 
ing they  are  representative  of  the  same  transmitter. 
n.  (U)  Watched  Group.  A  group  of  three  or  more  AIT  recordings 
obtained  at  different  times  which  match;. 
o.  (U)  Millisecond.  A  unit  of  time  utilized  in  AIT  measurement 
which  indicates  one-thousandth  of  a  second. 
p.  (U)  Mounting  sheet.  An  8  x  13  inch  sheet  of  paper  (preprinted 
and  usually  of  card  stock)  for  mounting  representative  elements  /bauds 
of  an  AIT  recording  for  labeling,  classification,  analysis,  filing  and 
future  matching  purposes. 
q.  .  (U)  Oscillogram.  A  representation  of  an  oscllloscoplc  display 
which  &p£cts  the  AM  and  FM  traces  (keyed  or  not  keyed). 
TT^ffl    Shot  number.  A  one-up  serialized  number  placed  automati- 
cally on  the  AIT  recording  by  the  oscillograph  unit  each  time  the 
record  button  is  depressed. 
s.  (U)  Shot- to-Shot  Matches.  Matches  comprised  of  two  AIT records 
which  display  the  same  or  similar  characteristics  but  which  do  not  have 
sufficient  continuity  in  depth  (three  or  more  recordings)  to  establish 
a  matched  group. 
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t.  (U)  Singleton.  An  AIT  recording  which  displays  unique  charac- 
teristics for  which  no  match  exists  within  the  AIT  library. 
u.  (U)  Timing  marks.  Pulses  produced  at  the  AIT  equipment  which 
are  synchronized  at  a  rate  of  1000  and  100  Hi.  Pulses  are  printed  as 
timing  marks  at  a  time  Interval  of  one  each  millisecond,  with  evtry 
tenth  millisecond  producing  a  Hne  across  th€  AIT  recording  perpendicu- 
lar to  the  timing  mark  Hne. 
Section  II 
CBJECTIVES 
.  t— •    *. 
-*.*■•• 
.   Section  III 
RESPONSIBILITIES 
«./: 
.—  i->->» 
>> 
7.     (U)  .  HEADQUARTERS,  USA:  INSCOM.^Jteads  of  staff  elements  concerned 
will  maintain  staff  supervision  an^gul dance  over  the  INSCOM  AIT
■CQWinFHWrR 
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'.':.?►  I 
USA  IKSCOM  Reg  105-12 
programs  through  review  of  selected  technical  and  operational  Informa- 
tion provided  on  a  continuing  basis  by  field  activities.  In  addition, 
necessary  liaison  and  continuing  studies  will  be  conducted  to  Insure 
that  the  programs  remain  abreast  of  the  advancing  technical  sciences. 
8,  (U)  SUBORDINATE  ELEMENTS.  Each  INSCOM  field  element  having  AIT  will 
be  responsible  for  the  control,  processing,  evaluation,  and  reporting  of 
the  efforts  employed.  The  day-to-day  operation  and  evaluation,  timely 
recognition,  and  correction  to  problem  areas  1s  the  responsibility  of  the 
field  elements^  When  problems  Identified  are  beyond  the  capabilities 
of  field  elements  to  correct,  assistance  1s  to  be  requested  from  this 
Headquarters.  Likewise,  this  Headquarters  should  be  kept  abreast  of  all 
significant  AIT  occurrances.  Subordinate  field  elements  engaged  1n  AIT 
operations  will  prepare  local  1n-stat1on  Standard  Operating  Procedures 
to  Include  management,  tasking,  and  control  of  AIT.  As  a  minimum,  1q- 
statlon  procedures  will  Include  Instructions  outlined  1n  this* regulation 
and  technical  guidance  prepared  and  Issued  by  NSA/CSS.  Productivity 
reports  will  be  prepared  and  generated  1n  accordance  with  pertinent 
Instructions  contained  in  this  regulation  and  NSA/CSS  directives. 
*  .  ;1.      Seetlofc  IV  *;-\, 
STANDARD  PROCEDURES 'FOR  MANAGEMENT,  CONTROL.  AND  TASKING  OF  AIT 
:X*i 
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*    USA  INSCOH  Reg  105-12 
f.  (U)  Major  characteristics  which  are  considered  during  record 
analysis  are  as  follows: 
(1)  (U)  Initial  and  Terminal  frequency  Shifts,  These  shifts  are 
positive,  negative,  steady,  and  variable.  The  Initial  frequency  shifts 
may  be  further  segregated  by  the  degree  of  recovery  exhibited  after  the 
Initial  up  or  down  shifting  following  key-on.  Tenalnal  frequency  varia- 
tions are  determined  as  having  occurred  only  1n  the  final  20  milliseconds 
of  the  element/baud  recording.       /  . 
(2)  (U)  Initial  and  Terminal  Relay  Breaks.  Extreme  caution  should 
be  exercised  when  cataloging  by  Initial  or  terminal  relay  breaks;  trans- 
mitter relay  repair  will  correct  this  deficiency  1n  most  transmitters. 
(3)  (U)  Ripple  Harmonics.  Are  generally  utilized  when  they  are  con- 
sidered a  ssajc;  tr&r.iiiritter  characteristic.  Kipple  harmonics  are  nighly 
susceptible  to  masking  by  man-made  Interference  (QRN). 
(4)  (U)  Irregular  Transmitter  Effects.  Unusual  or  unique  types  of 
characteristics  which  are  not  normally,  found  on  a  signal  recording. 
Such  as:  saw. toothed  ripples,  breaks  In  transmission  (within  the  body 
of  the  envelope),  stepped  frequencyfshlfts. 
(5)  (u)  qverload  Effects.  Shifts  in  amplitude  which  should. only  be 
used  for  classification  purposes  1n  the  absence  of  outstanding  Frequency 
Modulation  characteristics. 
g.  (U)  AIT  recordings  should  be  effectively  deleted  or  weeded  out 
from  file  folders  periodically.  A  minimum  review  of  folders  for  dele- 
tions would  be  once  each  quarter,  or  when  no  longer  needed  for  continuity 
purposes.  Disposition  of  til  weeded  recordings  will  be  entered  on  AIT 
logs.
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UNCLASSIFIED 
USA  INSCOM  Reg  105-12 
The  proponent  of  this  regulation  Is  the  Deputy  Chief  of  Staff, 
Operations.  Users  are  invited  to  send  comments  and  suggested 
Improvements. on  OA  Form  2028  (Recommended  Changes  to  Publica- 
tions and  Blank  Forms)  to  this  Headquarters,  ATTN:  IAOPS-0-S. 
FOR  THE  COfWANDER: 
OFFICIAL:  JOHN  M.  CARR 
Colonel,  GS 
/^5^.  KRAYN&K 
v  Captain,  GS 
Assistant  Adjutant  General 
DISTRIBUTION: 
ABC-  less: 
Resident  and  Field  Offices 
Chief  of  Staff 
^ 
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&-i&  •: 
*&iV" 
~?m  ri.  .  \ 
11. . 
UNCLASSIFIED