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COVERT  OPERATIONS 
References:     A.     I.feao  for  the  Statutory  I.&cibers  of 
the  NSC  frcu:  Executive  Secretary, 
subject:    "The  ISC  10  Series", 
dated  j-iarch  3,   195^ 
"  "  .        3.  132   10/2 
C  •    *J5C  -i-Oy  5 
lie  President  has  this  date  approved  the  enclosed  lotion?! 
Security  Council  directive  en  the  subject,  as  submitted  by  the  refer- 
ence sasorftntfaB  and  adopted  by  the  other  statutory  aerfbers  of  the  Na- 
tional Security  Council,  and  directs  its  izcplercentation  ~cy   all  execu- 
tive departments  and  agencies  of  the  U.  S.  Government  concerned,  as 
indicated  therein. 
Accordingly-,  as  set  fcrth  in  paragraph  7  o*  the  enclosure, 
ISC  10/2,  ISC  1C/5  and  certain  provisions  relating  thereto  of  the 
"-president's  memorandum  to  the  Executive  Secretary,  KSC,  supplement- 
ing Executive  Order  1C^33> .  £re  hereby  superseded. 
It  is  requested  that  special  security  precautions  be  ob- 
served in  the  b*-"<*n^z  pf  the  enclosed  directive  and  teat  access  to 
it  be  very  strictly  limited  on  an  absolute  need-to-lmow  basis.  . 
It  is  further  requested  that  all  copies  of  the  reference 
memorandum  be  returned  to  this  office  for  destruction  upon  receipt 
of  this  reocrt. 
b*4-u.aio  S.  LA..4.J  JH  ■ 
Executive  Seer  eta; 
cc:  The  Chairman,  Joint  Chiefs  cf  Staff 
The  Director  cH   Central  Intelligence 
"he  Executive  Officer,  Operations  Coordinating  Board. 
-i    '    —       J
>  
*-.*"*•  *.  — .  
^—^ .  ■»■"*»  ^j  OZ>-^Jl--  ^  «  ,«^^w*i<wMr  ^  i^ 
(.• 
1-  The  National  Security  Council,  taking  cognisance  of  the 
vicious  covert  activities  cf  tee  USSR  and  Communist  China  and  the 
governments,  parties  and\  groups  dominated  by  then  (hereinafter  col- 
lectively ref. erred  to  as  "International  Cormounism" )  to  discredit 
and  defeat  the  aims  and  activities  cf  the  United  States  and  other 
powers  of  the  free  world,  determined,  as  set  forth  in  :;3C  direct- 
ives 10/2  and  1G/5,  that,  in  the  interests  of  vcrld  peace  and  U.  S. 
national-,  security,  the  overt  foreign  activities  of  the  U.'S.  Gov-    ■ 
emnent  should  he  supplemented  by  covert  operations. 
2.  She  Central  Intelligence  Agency  had  already'  heen  charged  by  ' 
the  National  Security  Council  with  conducting  espionage  and  counter- 
espionage operations  abroad.  It  therefore  seeded,  desirable,  for. op- 
erational reasons,  not  to  create  a  nev  agency  for  covert  operations, 
but,  subject  to  directives  from,  the  I3C,  to  place  the  responsibility 
for  then  en  the  Central  Intelligence  Agency  and  correlate  them  with 
espionage  and  counterespionage  operations  under  the  over-all  control 
of  the  Director  of  Central  Intelligence. 
3»  She  ISC  has  determined  that  such  covert  operations  shall  to 
the  grestest  extent  practicable,  in  the  light  ofJLJ.  S.  and  Soviet 
-capabilities  and  taking  into  account  the  risk  of  *frar,  be  designed  to: 
a.  Create  and  exploit  troublesome  problems  for  International 
Ccmsunisn,  impair  relations  between  the  USSR  and  Coznrunist  China 
and  betveen  then  and  their  satellites,  complicate  control  vithin 
the  USSR,  ."emmunist  China  and  their  satellites,  and  retard  the 
growth  of  'he  military  and  economic  potential  of  the  Soviet  bloc. 
b.  Discredit  the  prestige  and  ideology  of  International  Com- 
munism, and  reduce  the  strength  cf  its  parties  and  other  elements, 
c.  Counter  any  threat  cf  a  party  or  individuals  directly  or 
indirectly  responsive  to  Communist  control  to  achieve,  dominant 
pever  in  a  free  world  country.  -: 
d.  Redjce  International  Ccrrmmist  control  over  any  areas  of 
the  world. 
e.  Strengthen  the  orientation  toward  the  United  States  of 
the  peoples  and  nations  of  the  free  world,  accentuate,  wherever 
possible,  the  identity  of  interest  betveen  s.ich  peoples  and  na- 
tions and  the  United  States  as  well  as  favoring,  where  appropri- 
ate, those  groups  genuinely  advocating  or  believing  in  the  ad- 
vancement of  such  mutual  interests,  and  increase  the  capacity 
ejr.<z  will  of  such  oc:c-lec  and  r*ati:r.s  to  resist  International
f .   In  ~ cor dance  with  established  cclicies  ar.d  to  the 
extent  prcc-:  ^shle  la  areas  dominated  cr  threatened  by  In- 
ternational. Ccmminisn,  develop  underground  resistance  and 
facilitate  covert  and  guerrilla  operations  and  ensure  avail  - 
ability  of  those  forces  in  the  event  of  var,  including 
wherever  practicable  provisions  of  a  base  upon  which  the        ^ 
military  ray  expand  these  forces  in  time  of  var  within  act-  .. 
ive  theaters  of  operations  as  veil  as  provision  for  stay- 
behind  assets  and  escape  and  evasion  facilities.  " 
'k.     "Jnder  the  authority  of  Section  102(d)(5)  of  the  "aticnal 
Security  Act  of  19^7*  "the  National  Security  Council,  hereby  directs 
that  the  ULrector  «£  Central  Intelligence  shall  be  responsible  for: 
—  *■•     ._      ..••-    »        -        •■ 
;  ..■'  a.  '  Ensuring  through  designated  representatives  of  the 
Secretary  of  State  and  of  the  Secretary  of  Defense,  that  co- 
vert operations  are  planned  and  conducted  in  a  manner  consist- 
ent vith  United  States  foreign  and  military  policies  and  with  - 
overt  activities,  and-  consulting  vith  and  obtaining  advice 
f res.  the  Operations  Coordinating  3oard  and  other  departments 
or  agencies  as  appropriate .    .  *    -  • 
b.  Informing,  throu=p  appropriate  channels  and  on  a  need- 
to-3caov  "basis/  agencies  of  the  U-  S.  Government,  Troth  at  home 
and  abroad  (including  diplomatic  "and  military  representatives), 
of  such  operations  as  will  affect  them.  . 
"5.  In  addition  to  the  provisions  of  paragraph  \,   the  follow- 
ing provisions  sh?.l  .  apply  to  wartime  covert  operations : 
a._  Plans' for*  covert  "operations  to  be  conducted  in  active 
...theaters  of  var  aad'aay  other  areas  in  which  0.  S.  forces  are 
engaged  .in  comb&t  operations  will  be  drawn  up- vith  the  assistance 
.'of  the  Department  of -Defense  and  will  be  in  consonance  with  and 
~  . .  c  .mplementary  to  approved  var  plans  of  the  Joint  Chiefs  of  Staff. 
\  -..;._■■  ;-0.  Covert  operations  in  active  theaters  of  war  and  any 
other  areas  in  which  U.  S.  forces  are  engaged  in  combat  oper- 
'-'ations  vill.be  con±ucted  under  such  command  and  control  rela- 
• .;  tioriships  as  have_been  cr  may  in  the -future  be  approved  by  ... 
the  Department  of  Defense. 
yyr-6'.     As  used  in  this  directive,  "covert  operations"  shall  be  '. 
iuid2rs:coa-to  he  all  activities  conducted  prirsuamtrto  this  direct- 
ive winch  ar2  so  .planned."  and  executed  that  any  U>  S.  Government 
responsibility  for  them  is  "not  evident  to  iinauthoriaed  persons  and 
that  if  umao vered  the  U.  3.  Government  can  plausibly  disclaim  any 
respcnsioility  for  them.  Specifically,  such  operations  shall  in- 
clude any  covert  activities  related  to:  propaganda,  political  ac- 
tion; economic  warfare;  preventive  direct  action,  including  sabo- 
tage, arti- sabotage,  demolition:  escape  and  evasion  and  evacuation
leaSUTeS  I      SUL'V°**3  ''  '"""i     T".  -?.  ^  ~  ~  •- ^.  c  —  '     .  .a      ?~r>— ^»c      (>•*-      — r^r-  t      '    r   "•  >     >/-"•■     -     o~_ . 
sistance  to  underground  resistance  :cnv«?ne:its,    guerrillas   nr.d  refugee    ^ 
J-2-  —  erati 02    r*""*'",'U~'S  *     SU"""~Q~'~"*"     •"*"*    "  ndi  ~°"*  ~\lc     °  *"  •"*     "^ ""it "'  —  ^*^^~~  ' ~ '  c ~     r. "£_.»- ^ t-— •- 
Id  threatened  countries  of  the  free  vcrld;  deception  plans  -n^-  oper- 
ations; and  ?-*tl  activities  compatible  vith  this  directive  necessary 
to  accomplish  the %f ore going.  Such  operations  shall  not  include; 
amed  conflict  Toy-  recognized  military  forces,  espionage  and  counter- 
espionage, nor  cover  and  deception  for  nilitary  operations- 
7.     -This  directive  superseaes  and  rescinds  P.SC  1C/2  and  I3C  IC/5- 
Subparagraphs  "a". and  "htt   under  the  heading  "Additional  Functions  of 
the  Operations  Coordinating  Board"  on  page  1  of  the  President's  necio- 
randun  for  the  Executive  Secretary',  Rational  Security  Council,  supple- 
menting Executive  Order  10*4-33,  are  supersede.",  by  the  following  provi- 
sions:         ^   '•  .  ..-  •*    . 
"-"""■'    .  -  ■  -  .  ^•v-  -.■■«"•-  w  *. 
.  '_'*  a.  E>ccept;as  the  President  otherwise  directs',  the  nenbers 
;]c£  the  Operations  Coordinating  5oard  shall,  under  appropriate 
■"  ""  security  arrangeaents,  be  advised  in  advance  of  icajor  prcgraas 
involvJLns  covert  operations  related  to  llationai  Security  Coun- 
cil policies •  . 
of 
i*vised 
b.  2ie  designated  representatives  of  the  Secretaries  < 
State  and  Defense  referred  to  in  paragraph  k-a  above  shall 
keep  the  Doard  Marchers  of  their  respective  departments  aivis 
as  to  riatters  on  which  they  are  consulted  by  tne  Director  of 
Central  Intelligence,  and  vhich  have  been  or  are  to  be.  re- 
ferred to  the  Operations  Coordinating  Board. 
c.  She  Operations  Coordinating  Doard  vill  be  the  ncrnal 
; channel  for  securing  coordination  of  support  enong  the  D2part- 
nents  of  State  and  Defense  and  the  Central  Intelligence  Agency