SPeClaL REPORT 1 THE HOSTILE INTELLIGENCE ESTABLISHMENT 1IN THE FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY (U) HEADQUARTERS AIR FORCE OFFICE OF SPECIAL INVESTIGATIONS WASHINGTON, D.C. 20334 APRIL 1975 Bre 5 “4 3 Classified by Commander, AFOSI ? Exempt from General Geclassification Schedule of Executive Order 11652 Exemption Category 2 Deciassify when Authorized by the ~ - Originator 7 ‘2 ‘*
~ —, . E THE HOSTILE INTELLIGENCE ESTABLISHMENT < R IN THE FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY(U) A = . L TABLE OF CONTENTS 2 Page MAP, Cw we ee te ee ii T PREFACE. 2 wk iti INTRODUCTION 2 2 ee 1 FRG SECURITY SERVICES, . 2... ww ee ee te ee 3 THE FEDERAL REPUBLIC AS A MAJOR TARGET ......... 5 The Military Establishment in the Federal Republic. 6 Other Incentives to Hostile Intelligence. ....., 9 OPERATIONAL ENVIRONMENT AND VULNERABILITIES. ...... 12 COMMUNIST COUNTRY MISSIONS IN THE FRG... . 2... eee 14 THE SOVIET MISSION 2. www we ee ee ee 16 Soviet Military Liaison Missions. .......46-. 19 GDR MISSION. 2. 1. ww ee ee ee 21 OTHER WARSAW PACT COUNTRY MISSIONS . 2... 6 ee ee ee 22 PRC MISSION. 2. 6 6 ewe ee ee ee we he te 24 YUGOSLAV MISSION . «we wwe ee ee ee ee ee 27 HOSTILE INTELLIGENCE OPERATIONS IN THE FRG... .. 27 HOSTILE ESPIONAGE ACTIVITIES IN 1973 .......... 29 ESPIONAGE CONVICTIONS
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(U) Germany, a divided country at the crossroads of Furope, has been a focus of international tension since the conclusion of Korld War II. While the sptrit of detente and efforts to establis? a policy of reconciliation have served to reduce the stresses and strains, they have not resulted in any relaxation of hostile intelligence activities. S Pp : E INTRODUCTION [U} c A L ‘u) Tne Federal Republic of Germany encompasses the western and southern oortions -- nearly seven-tenths -- of the Germany remaining after world war II]. The other portion is ruled by the communist regime of the German Democratic Reoublic. ADOTUMA (U) The f8G is the ~ost 2opulcus nation in Europe, eycluding the USSR. ‘The scpulation (including West Berlin) is about €2 million ana the tctal area approximates that of the States of ‘lew York ana Pennsylvania, or the State of Oregon. One of the most densely copulated countries of Europe -- only Eelaium and the etheriands being more so -- the FRG has a population density cf 6&0 per square mile, nearly 12 times that of the United States. There are virtually no sparsely settled sections and about four-fifths of the population reside in urban areas, The City of west Seriin, an enclave ceep inside the GOR, has a population c* more than two million. ) The Zasic Law of 22 May 1949 continues to serve as the constitutional hacis af the Federal Republic in the absence of a definitive constitutional document encompassing ali of Germany. 2y its terms, West Germany is a Federal Republic in which authority ig shared between its ten states (Laender) and the Federal Republic ‘Cund), While west Zerlin is also a state in the Republic under she Basic Law, it is not an intearal part of tne Republic because of restrictions arising sut of four-power relations. Berlin has nominal representation in the Federal legislature, but its delegates cannct vote in the pienary sessions. f { ‘ 3 fU) Civil liberties, such as equality tefore the Taw, the equivalent of habeas cornus,. and freedom of speech, assembly, relicion and the oress are explicitly quaranteed in the Bill of Dients section of the “asic Law.
-~pP-OMVM AnNOVUMA OS (U) The Federal Republic is responsible for national aefense, foreign affairs and such matters as customs control, boraer police, transportation, citizenship, postal systems and telecommunications. The states control the police, education and radic and TV broad- casting and have the residual powers. (U) The Federal Republic, nominally headed by a President, has a bicameral legislature with the principal power vested tn the National Assembly (Bundestag) whose members are elected by uni- versal suffrage. The Federal Assembly (Bundesrat) represents the states and its members are appointed and recalled by the states. It has a limited role, but can exercise veto powers in matters affectina states’ interests. The Chancellor aepends on majority support of the Buncestag and with his ministers con- stitutes the government leadership. (U) The Federal Republic made an impressive recovery from its World War II debacle and has one of the highest standards of living. Its relative affluence nas contributed to social stability and engendered moderation in political, social, eco- nomic and labor issues. There were several outbursts in recent years of bombings and other forms of violence perpetrated by radical extremists. However, the apprehension of ringleaders and cadres, anc various countermeasures, nave reduced the tnreat considerably. Uemonstrations aqainst U.S. foreign policy have supsided, especialiv witr tne term*nation of nostilities tn Vietnam, Tne iarge numper of foretar. workers ir tne FRG presents e continuing security probier because cf tne presence of leftist and rightist extremists. Arab terrorists are a serious probien because of tneir mobility, funds, weapons and violent inclinations against the Israelis and those who support them. (U) The vigorous industrial economy (exceeded only by the U.S., USSR and Japan in gross national product) is highiy diversi- fied and supports large research and development programs. A strong scientific, industrial and technical instruments industry provides the capabilities to sustain applied advanced research and development. The FRG is an active participant in the United Nations and its various agencies and in European regional groups, as well as other multilateral programs. It has entered into many bilateral agreements with various countries, including with the Wr ehe 2 tepe-$y py! “peer nem ee
United States and Canada in space research. German academic and industrial research institutes have relations with the USSR Academy of Science and there are continuing exchanges of scientists. The FRG, moreover, {is the largest trading partner among the Western nations with the USSR. (U) The FRG is very dependent on foreign trade for markets and imports of raw materials and energy resources. Like other inaustrisatized nations, it is being bu“feted by continuing infiationary trencs ana other problems and con- citions of internaticnai aimensions. FRG SECURITY SERVICES (U} ay -r~p-amuy
Vea) Under the terme of the 1964-1955 London and Paris Agreements -- wnich restored Serman covereicnty and admitted the FRG to NATO -- only the FRG amona rhe qjliance memoers is required to commit its combat forces fexcert for a small territorial defense force) to NATS commands. “he sareement sete tarth prohibitions. restric- tions and controls op jest sertan rearmament. 4 separate orqanization, the vil. was actablisned essentially to enforce these and to integrate une rparmament of tne FRG into Western defense. a ~ mA ja OD RY |
-Pp-OmMmD AVOVUMA a TS YO SP 2(u) French forces are maintained in the FRG in accordance with a a bilateral agreement between the two countries. OS! !
(U) There are three major Luftwaffe commands: the fir Tactical Command whicn is responsible te NATO for the combat readiness of four air civisions, the Air Support Command, responsible fer support and supply functions, and the General Air Force Office, responsible for basic and pilot training, air transpertation and technical training. The headquarters for these commands are at Porz-Wahn, north of Bonn. (U) Two Luftwaffe Air Civisions (1 and 2) are assigned to NATO's Fourtn Allied Tactical Air Force, which also has U.S. and Canadian tactical units anc supports the Central Army Group. Two Air Divisions (3 and 4) are assianed to the Seconc Allied Tactical A, ‘force (2nd ATF), which has its headquarters at “oonchen-3ladbach and crovides air support to the Northern Army Sroun (NCRTHAG). The 2rd £TAF also has British, Dutch and Relaian tactical units and a USAF air defense squadron at Soesterberg AB in the Netherlands.
a en ee chmememnaimasmmemnl 3(Y) Both ATAFs support the Army Groups of Allied Forces Central Eurcoe (AFCENT) with headquarters at Brunssum, Netherlands, which comprises all land and air forces in the Centrai Sector (FRG and the Benelux countries). There is also AFNORTH with headquarters at Kolsaas, Norway, and AFSOUTH with headquarters at Naples, Italy. All three constitute the Allied Command, Eurore (ACE) under the Supreme Allied Commander, Europe (SACEUR) with headquarters (SHAPE) , at Casteau, Belgium (Figure 3). ‘
H z * SACEUR USCINCEUR COMMAND CHANNELS NORTH ATLANTIC COUNE IL Brussels Belgium easeuerscsey US Delegation tc tne NATO Miltary Com. brussels Beigium | CINCNORTR | Koisaes sorway CINCUSAREUR I Heidelberg FRG | CINCENT CINCUSNAVEUR 8runssum NL London Englenc CIWCSOUTH Raoies Italy CINCUSAFE kamstetn Germany (1) USNATS mormaliy proviges US representatives to the Nortn Atiantt- Councti and its Subordinate comittaes CHIEF maacs and working Qroups. (2; US detegation to tne NA Drovtdes US representar TOME tary Committes normally Committee and its sudo tves to tne NATO “Vi tary rdinste working groups. (3) The Befense Aaviser 1s normally appointed by the Secretary of Lefense (Figure 3) 10 (This page is UNCLASSIFIED) MILIT Sey | 2 RETARY SECRETARY - comirte sven H oF stase peseeeeesane OF DEFENSE USSETS Gtum 3 = = : 3(1) A wees FF % 5 USHATO z USCINCEUR Se A : DFP USCINCEUR 3 a v Cesteay Belg tum (292, L_Adviser Stuttgart FRG
Ue EEnER SEERA EERORERREaeEE 2(y) The Air Attache to the Soviet Embassy in Paris was caught in the act of stealing two items from a display at the Paris Bourget Airshow on 29 May 1972, Fe nac been seen coing back to the dis~ clay area after recular visiting nours, wearing the Maple Leaf of the Canadian celeaation on nis ‘apei, and was arrested while putting the iters in his pocket. The ‘ters were a laser-radar element manufactured by the Thompson-CSF and a qyrescope from the Sperry- Rand display. fe was ousted from France.
~P-OMVN ANDO0UMI Pr ere 5(U) The Ministry for State Security (MfS), like the KGB, is a combined security and intelligence entity. Its foreign intelli- gence operations are conducted by the Main Administration for Intelligence (HVA). 12
OSI PRC MISSION [U} (U) The People's Republic of China (PRC) and the FRG aareed to establish diplomatic relations in October 1972 and the first PRC 8(y) AFOSI Special Report entitled, The Czech Intelligence and Security Services, April 1974, has additional intormation about the role and capabilities of the Czech services. 24 -- mr Le a ee sc om
@ ambassador presented his credentials on 20 June 1973. He nad previously served for two years as head of the New China News Agency (NCNA) in Bonn.
(u) PRC diplomats have voiced support. of NATO and abated Curopean security is essential to thwart Soviet = ~atwe- attempts to: “Finlandize”:furope and that a revitalized- - NATO is necessary. They reportedly have affirmed that a continued U.S. presence in Europe is necessary and point to the Soviet invasion of Czechoslovakia as an example of Soviet ambitions. YUGOSLAV MISSION (U A A Pe ee ere oe 4 \\ 1700m2