dataesr/scientific-paragraphs-categorization huggingface dataset:
Glycoconjugates on the fat-aqueous interface of the MFGs presents mimetic analogs of cell receptors involved in recognition of EHEC strains  (Ross et al. , 2016; Douellou et al. , 2017). Nevertheless, there were always EHEC cells in the raw milk skimmed phase, whatever the initial EHEC concentration. The mathematical model obtained in this work is a regression of dataset obtained by the milk-cream separation assays. These regressions showed that for an EHEC concentration less than 6 Log 10 CFU/mL, almost 99. 9% of the bacteria are located in the fat phase. The natural EHEC contamination rate in milk is currently less than 0. 5 Log CFU/mL  (Perrin et al. , 2015). This may suggest that EHEC in naturally contaminated milk are mainly located at the fat-aqueous phase interface. The knowledge this work provides may be useful for milk risk-assessment managers, who could focus on the milk fat phase when analyzing milk to detect potentially highly pathogenic STEC.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The authors thank the  Fondation pour l'Innovation en Infectiologie (FINOVI)  for their support. They thank all the staff of the French National Reference Laboratories on pathogenic E. coli (including  STEC ) for their contributions to this study. They also thank  Hariet Coleman  for English proofreading,  Caroline Prouillac of the US/C 1233 INRA VetAgroSup, Métabolisme et Toxicologie Comparée des Xénobiotiques, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Marcy-l'Étoile  who kindly provided the Caco-2 cell line,  Dr. A. Duval , Villejuif, France who kindly provided the HT29-MTX cell line, the staff of IClB for their help with the mouse experiment and the staff of LVD69 for help with epifluorecence miscrocopy.
FUNDING This research and TD grant were funded by  Auvergne Regional Council, DRAAF Auvergne , the  Food Directorate of the French Ministry of Agriculture (DGAL)  ( CP 13 AU 05 13 ) and the  Centre National Interprofessionnel de l'Economie Laitière (CNIEL, French Dairy Interbranch Organization ). This work was partly supported by the  French Research Funding Agency (ANR)  through the  Bacteri'eau project of the Technology for the Environment Research Program  ( CE04  committee,  2016-2021 ). The  French Ministry of Agriculture ,  CNRS , University Lyon 1 and VetAgro Sup have also funded parts of this work.
The authors compared their double elitist breeding quantum-based particle swarm optimization (DEB-QPSO) against state-ofthe-art algorithms, showing its superiority in different testbeds. The paper "Minimizing Harmonic Distortion Impact at Distribution System with Considering Large-Scale EV Load Behaviour Using Modified Lightning Search Algorithm and Pareto-Fuzzy Approach" proposes a multiobjective lightning search algorithm for optimal placement sizing of variable passive filters to mitigate harmonic distortion due to charging stations of a large-scale EV fleet. The analysis carried out is modelled in MATLAB/m-file platform, using High Performance Computing (HPC) to make simulation efficient. Authors concluded that their approach is suitable to mitigate harmonic and minimize the impact of large-scale charging station installations.
The authors propose a novel control scheme for electric vehicles with vehicle-to-grid capabilities. The proposed control structure enables the customer to achieve the lowest expense on electricity through the storage battery system control and electric vehicle optimal scheduling. The authors propose two day-ahead optimal control strategies with different objective functions, namely, minimizing the daily electricity expense of individual distributed PV system and minimizing the daily total expense of distributed PV systems to which vehicles can be connected to. The model is assessed using an entire year of historical data from 300 households with PV users, provided by a utility in Australia. The meteorological correlation parameters and electricity prices are also based on real data from Australia.
The computer simulation presented in the paper allows concluding that the proposed scheme is highly feasible and technically attractive. The paper "Bidirectional Tracking Robust Controls for a DC/DC Buck Converter-DC Motor System" proposes two new designs of differential flatness-based bidirectional tracking robust controls for a DC/DC Buck converter-DC motor system. The first design considers the complete dynamics of the system; i. e. , it considers the DC/DC Buck converterinverter-DC motor connection as a whole. The second separates the dynamics of the Buck converter from the one of the inverter-DC motor, so that a hierarchical controller is generated. The experimental implementation of both controls was performed via MATLAB-Simulink and a DS1104 board in a built prototype of the DC/DC Buck converter-inverter-DC motor connection.
Acknowledgments We want to thank coauthors that contributed to our special issue COSPS by submitting their valuable works. We also thank the reviewers that worked voluntarily to produce high quality feedback of the submitted manuscripts. Thanks are also due to the remaining staff of Complexity who help us to reach this result. The present special issue has been possible to funding in part under the EUREKA- ITEA2  Project  M2MGrids  ( ITEA-13011 ) and Project  SIMOCE  ( ANI|P2020 17690 ) and  FEDER funds through COMPETE program  and from national funds through Fundacão para a Ciência e a Tecnologia under the project  UID/EEA/00760/2013. In addition, it was supported in part by Grant agreement no. 703689  (project  ADAPT ). Additionally, this work was partially supported by  02/SAICT/2017 ,  POCI-01-0145-FEDER-028983  (project  CENEGERTIC ).
OWHTO preoperative planning All specimens were scanned using a standardized CT scan protocol (Discovery 710, GE Medical System, CERIMED, Marseille, France). The following acquisition parameters were used both prior and after the HTO: 120 kV, 400 mA, and 0. 625-mm-thick slices. DICOM images were imported into Mimics 17. 0 software (Materialise®, Leuven, Belgium), and 3D geometrical models of the tibias were created (Pre-OWHTO configurations, Fig. 1 ). Anatomical landmarks, anatomical reference planes, and the mechanical axis of the tibia were defined on the 3D models according to Lee et al. [31]. Preoperative mechanical medial proximal tibial angle (mMPTA) and medial PTS were measured (Fig. 2 ). mMPTA measures the varus deformation of the tibia. PTS measures the sagittal orientation of the proximal tibia.
| Mutational analysis The in silico bioinformatic tool MutationTaster (https:// www. mutationtaster. org/) was used to predict the effect of the identified variant. Variant novelty was assessed based on its absence from public variant repositories including Gno-mAD, and 1000G, as well as an in-house database housing over 715 exomes belonging to Arab individuals from the Arabian Peninsula. To assess conservation of the point of insertion and subsequent residues, multiple protein sequence alignment across multiple species was obtained from Homologene (https://www. ncbi. nlm. nih. gov/homologene). According to the ACMG recommendations  (Richards et al. , 2015) , variants were classified as: Class 1: pathogenic variant; class 2: likely pathogenic variant; class 3: variant of unknown significance; class 4: probably non pathogenic variant; class 5: benign/normal variant.
| Thromboelastometry assay Thromboelastometry was performed on ROTEM delta, Tem Innovations GmbH, Werfen, (Munich, Germany). 21 Minimal tissue factor triggered whole blood thromboelastometry (min-TF TEM) was performed using diluted human recombinant thromboplastin. For each experiment, 330 μL of whole blood was mixed with 20 μL of CaCl 2 0. 2 mol/L and 10 μL of diluted thromboplastin (yielding a 1:7200 final dilution) in ROTEM final cups and the measurement was started 2 seconds after mixing. The following thromboelastometric parameters of trace were is the maximum vertical amplitude of the thromboelastometry trace reflecting the maximum strength and firmness of the clot. Data acquisition was allowed to continue for a maximum of 2 hours. The inter-and intra-assay coefficients of variation for all parameters were 8% and 5%, respectively.
Each measurement was performed in duplicate. In a third well Thrombin Calibrator (Diagnostica Stago) was added to correct thrombin generation curves for substrate consumption and inner filter fluorescence effects. Spontaneous activation of the contact system of blood coagulation might be a variable that influence results accuracy. To rule out this possibility we performed preliminary experiments by incubating plasma with corn trypsin inhibitor (which blocks spontaneous activation of the contact system). This series of experiments showed that inhibition of contact system activation did not modify the results of the assay (data not shown). The following thrombogram parameters were analyzed: lag-time (LT): initiation phase of coagulation; time to peak (ttPeak): time to maximum thrombin generation; peak (Peak): maximum concentration of free thrombin; endogenous thrombin potential (ETP): total enzymatic activity of thrombin and mean rate index (MRI) of the propagation phase of thrombin generation calculated by the formula MRI = Peak/(ttPeak-LT).
| Statistical analysis Data are presented as mean ± SD of five separate experiments. Statistical comparison was performed using the paired Student's t test to determine the significance of the differences between the values obtained under each experiment condition compared to the basal values was defined as the concentration required for increasing the clot formation time by 20%. This cut-off level was defined since it was higher as compared to the inter-individual variability of the assay in healthy controls. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software for Windows was used for statistical analysis (SPSS Inc. , Chicago, Illinois, USA).
The effect of LMWHs on clot structure seems to vary in function of their concentration and may be a consequence of the incorporation of LMWH chains into the fiber network. 34 To the best of our knowledge this is the first report to indicate that the minimum pentasaccharide domain required for AT-mediated inhibition of FXa is also required for fibrin polymerization inhibition. These data lead to the proposition of additional criteria for the classification of the anticoagulant drugs according to their effect on clot formation kinetics and clot quality. Some limitations of the study should be acknowledged since they do not allow extrapolation of these findings in the clinical field. Blood samples were obtained from healthy volunteers; thus, the present study does not allow the evaluation of the impact of some pathological conditions, such as inflammation, on the effect of the antithrombotic agents on clot formation and thrombin generation.
Notes 1 Analyses conducted with a 5-item threat score (α = 0. 73)-encompassing the two economic threat items, two questions measuring symbolic or cultural threat and one question on fear of crime-yielded similar results. 2 The ISSP national identity module contains an eightitem battery for assessing national attachment. Analyses conducted on the 2003 ISSP data showed the two items used in the present study are distinct from a more critical and constructive form of national attachment (patriotism) across the 34 ISSP countries  ( Davidov, 2009). In the 2013 Swiss data, these two items were the only ones that correlated moderately (all other correlations were below. 35). 3 Because the survey was conducted in a selected number of districts, additional analyses that accounted for the clustered structure of the data were conducted (with the Mplus Complex command).
fastq files. These files were analyzed using a customized bioinformatic pipeline; which leads from the. fastq file and a. csv file that contains information about name identifier, run and barcode identifier, chromosomal position and the variant detected in the diagnosis to be evaluated in the follow-up sample. Through Ensembl Perl API,  15  the aligned mutated sequence and the aligned wild-type (wt) sequence are presented in FASTA format (sequences of 40 bp). Finally, we obtained a. csv file containing the name identifier, run and barcode identifier, chromosomal position, the variant, the specific target sequence in FASTA format (mutated forward, mutated reverse, wt forward and wt reverse), the counts of each and the ratio (mutated/wt) in absolute values.
Patients (n = 63) (MRD levels >0. 025%) was associated with both significantly shorter overall survival (33% versus 81%; HR: 6. 0; 95% CI: 1. 3-28. 7; P<0. 001) and significantly shorter disease-free survival (17% versus 94%; HR: 19. 6; 95% CI: 2. 5-155. 6; P<0. 001) (Figure  3C, D ). Survival outcomes were also analyzed combining post-induction and postconsolidation (n=63) tests, in order to compare survival analysis with MFC and qPCR data sets. We observed that positive MRD status (MRD levels >0. 035%) was associated with a higher risk of relapse (48% versus 81%; HR: 3. 4; 95% CI: 1. 4-8. 5; P=0. 005) and death (37% versus 81%; HR: 4. 2; 95% CI: 1. 6-10. 7; P<0. 001) (Figure  3E ,F). In order to test the power of NPM1 and SNV as independent predictive markers, we performed the analysis separately.
Acknowledgments This study was supported by the  Subdirección General de Investigación Sanitaria (Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain)  grants  PI13/02387  and  PI16/01530 , and the  CRIS against Cancer foundation  grant  2014/0120. ML holds a postdoctoral fellowship of the  Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness  ( FPDI-2013-16409 ). PRP holds a postdoctoral fellowship of the  Spanish Instituto de Salud Carlos III: Contrato Predoctoral de Formación en Investigación en Salud i-PFIS  ( IFI 14/00008 ).
Quality control Belsorp-mini device is regularly controlled against TiO2 reference material (Community Bureau of reference). Experimental error is estimated to 0. 50 m2 g-1. CLD quantification in animal tissues were carried out at LDA 56 in strict accordance with ISO 17 025 standard controlled by an accreditation delivered by the COFRAC (French committee for accreditation) quality accreditation of LDA 56. Values below LOQ were replaced by LOQ value in the data set. CLD.
Indeed, these ACs were obtained from different raw materials (peat bog or coconut shell). As an illustration, micropore formation has been shown to be especially favoured during the activation of coconut shells or fibers as precursors (leading to ∼ 85-94% microporosity)  (Phan et al. , 2006 , Sobiesiak et al. , 2006) , whereas wood leads to a lesser extent peat ACs usually possess larger pore (i. e. macro-to mesoporous AC) in relation with the initial structure and composition of the corresponding highly lignified raw materials  (Çeçen, 2000 , Donati et al. , 1994 , Pastor-Villegas et al. , 2006). Otherwise, all the present results are in line with previous data concerning microporosity and meso-to macroporosity characterizations of coconut and peat-derived AC  (Donati et al. , 1994 , Hernandez-Ramirez and Holmes, 2008 , Phan et al.
S2 ) and to Phormidium (mean 98. 5% ± 0. 9 of the cyanobacteria reads per sampling campaign). We found the same 16S rRNA dominant Phormidium OTU (with a 97% cut-off) in all rivers (France and New Zealand), which displayed a 100% sequence similarity (Basic Local Alignment Search Tool, BLAST analysis on GenBank TM , KF770970) with Phormidium uncinatum. Excluding cyanobacteria and no-hit (CNH), the most abundant bacterial phyla were Proteobacteria (mean 69. 4% ± 0. 9) and Bacteroidetes (mean 23. 6% ± 1. 2) (Supplementary Fig. S2 ). Within Proteobacteria, Alphaproteobacteria (mean 26. 4% ± 4. 4) and Betaproteobacteria (mean 21. 3% ± 1. 6) and to a lesser extent Gammaproteobacteria (mean 9. 0% ± 0. 8), were most prominent. Unclassified Proteobacteria also accounted for a high proportion (mean 12.
3 ). However, when performing Principal Component Analyses (PCA) on three different data sets (Tarn 2013 & 2014 Site T1, Tarn 2014 and New Zealand rivers), spatio-temporal variations were evident in the structure of the BCs. The PCA performed on the biofilms collected in T1 sampling station from the Tarn River (Fig. 4A ), highlighted on the first axis (47. 2% of the total inertia) of the projection, a highly significant distinction (PERMANOVA test, P = 0. 001; Table  1 ) between the samples collected in June and those collected from July to September. These seasonal differences in the structure of the BCs were mainly due to the relative importance of Sphingomonadales, Rhizobiales and Rhodobacteriales orders (ANOVA test, all P < 0. 001; Supplementary Table  S6 ). On the second axis of this PCA (15.
Spatio-temporal variations in bacterial community structure at the OTU level. Rarefaction curves constructed from the dataset including all the sequences (at least 8,918 sequences per sample) were close being asymptotic for most of them (see Supplementary Fig. S4A-C ). After removing CNH sequences (remaining sequence number of at least 402 sequences per sample), the rarefaction curves were not asymptotic. Consequently, further analyses were performed only on the dominant OTUs from the BCs (see Supplementary Fig. S4 D-F ). When all the sequences were taken into account, 534 OTU (24. 3%) of the 2,198 OTU were shared by samples collected in Tarn River in 2013 and 2014 and in New Zealand rivers in 2013 (Supplementary Fig. S5A ). Similar results were obtained when excluding CNH sequences (283 shared OTU, representing 28.
Nitrate (NO 3 -N) and total phosphorus (TP) concentrations were higher at the Tarn River (mean 1. 4 ± 0. 6 mg L -1 and 0. 02 ± 0. 01 mg L -1 respectively; data extracted from the French database SIE Adour-Garonne 53 ); compared to values from New Zealand rivers (mean 0. 4 ± 0. 4 mg L -1 and 0. 01 ± 0. 01 mg L -1 respectively; mean values collected at each sampling site according to previously described 4 ). At each sampling point, water temperature, pH, flow velocity and depth were measured. In The Tarn River, variations in flow rates during the sampling period at two survey stations (Bedoues located 28 km upstream, and Mostuéjouls located 38 km downstream from Sainte-Enimie) were obtained from hydro France database  54. Sites TP and TW were both located in the Tukituki River (North Island) and sites WN and WMP in the Wakapuaka River (South Island; Fig.
Bioinformatics analysis. The Illumina MiSeq sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene produced 2,085,469 raw sequences. All sequences were processed by the Research and Testing Laboratories (Lubbock, TX, USA), according to their pipeline  56. Briefly, after denoising (i. e. , removing of short sequences and singletons) and chimera checking, the remaining sequences were clustered using UPARSE pipeline  57  at 97% similarity threshold. The centroid sequences of each cluster were run against a database of high quality sequences derived from the NCBI database using the USEARCH global alignment algorithm  58. The number of read per sample ranged from 604 to 57,391. Of the 95 biofilm samples sequenced, three were removed from our analyses because an insufficient number of reads was obtained. Rarefying (randomly down-sampling using software R version 3.
Statistical analysis. The R software (version 3. 1. 0  59 ) was used for statistical analyses of the data. Differences were considered significant when P < 0. 05. The effect of sampling site and date on cyanobacteria biovolume proportions and abundance of microbial taxa were analysed using two-way ANOVA, followed by multiple comparisons using Tukey's honestly significant difference (HSD) post-hoc test. Rarefaction curves were calculated using package 'vegan'  61. Hellinger transformations were undertaken on Illumina sequencing data. Beta-diversity was calculated to measure the variation in BC among sites and dates using Bray-Curtis dissimilarities performed at order and OTU levels (package 'vegan'). Principal component analyses (PCA) were performed on rarefied and transformed data (Hellinger transformation) using the ' Ade4TkGUI' package  62  in order to visualise samples distribution based on their order and OTU structures.
Permutational Multivariate ANOVA (PERMANOVA)  63, 64  was performed on Bray-Curtis dissimilarities to test for differences in BC among sites and among sampling times (countries, sites and dates) including factorial and nested designs using package 'vegan' and 'BiodiversityR'  65  respectively. Finally, the relationship between geographical distance and Bray-Curtis dissimilarity was performed using the package 'fossil'  66  , longitude and latitude coordinates were transformed to kilometres as measured in a straight line. In order to remove temporal variability (month and year), to analyse exclusively Phormidium biofilm samples, and to capture the totality of the sampling sites, only samples from August 2013 were considered for the Tarn River. Therefore, this analysis was performed on biofilms collected at the five sampling sites for the Tarn River, and nine sampling sites from New Zealand rivers (samples from site WMA were excluded because biofilms were dominated by diatoms).
Acknowledgements We are grateful to  K. Tambosco ,  M. A. Barny  and  F. van Gijsegem  (iEES Paris) and all people who have contributed to the fieldwork. The study received financial support from the  French National Agency for Water and Aquatic Environments (ONEMA)  and from  Adour-Garonne  and  Rhône-Méditerrannée-Corse Water Agencies. Authors thank the  French National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA)  for the fellowship, the  Partenariats Hubert Curien (PHC) and New Zealand Royal Society Dumont d'Urville exchange program  for project funding. S. A. W. and M. W. H. thank the  New Zealand Ministry for Business ,  Innovation and Employment Cumulative Effects program  ( CO1X0803 ) for funding.
g. "Ruspali"). As for false positives, some errors come from the misclassification of messages containing the lemmas "terrorista", "terrorismo", "immigrato" that are extremely frequent in particular in the Twitter dataset. These lemmas are associated to the hate speech class even when they appear in messages reporting the title of a news, eg. "Il Giappone senza immigrati a corto di forza lavoro". In Task 2: HaSpeeDe-TW, when the classifier relies on sentiment and emotion features, we registered several misclassified instances containing relevant content words not covered by EmoLex. This is due to the fact that for every English word, EmoLex provides only one translated entry, thus limiting the overall coverage. For instance, "to kill" is translated in Italian with "uccidere" not considering synonyms such as "ammazzare" often used in the dataset.
Conclusions In this paper we presented an overview of the runs submitted for the four subtasks of HaSpeeDe evaluation exercise. We implemented a number of different models, comparing recurrent neural networks, ngram-based neural networks and linear SVC. While RNNs perform better in three of four tasks, classification on Twitter data achieves a better ranking using the ngram based neural network. Our system was ranked first among all the teams in one of the cross-domain task, i. e. Cross-HaSpeeDe FB. This is probably due to the fact that considering the whole sequence of inputs with a recurrent neural networks and using a prelearned representation by using word embeddings help the model to learn some common traits of hate speech across different social media.
Morphological identification. Twenty J2 specimens of each species emerging from monoxenic cultured cysts (H. trifolii YS503 and H. schachtii GC147 populations) were heat-killed on temporary slides and directly observed or first fixed and mounted in pure glycerin  (Seinhorst, 1959). Ten vulval cones were prepared from undamaged cysts using a method described in  Van Bezooijen (2006). Undamaged cysts were soaked in water before vulval cones were excised and transferred into a drop of glycerin-gelatin mixture. Measurements and pictures were made using Zeiss imager Z2 microscope (Carl Zeiss, Gottingen, Germany), fitted with a software AxioVision; Material Science Software for Research and Engineering (Carl Zeiss, Gottingen, Germany), and identification was made based on the key provided by  Wouts and Baldwin (1998).