dataesr/scientific-paragraphs-categorization huggingface dataset:
1; Identities = 821/835 (98 %), 2 gaps (0 %)), and Angustimassarina lonicerae (strain MFLUCC 15-0087, GenBank KY496724. 1; Identities = 821/835 (98 %), 2 gaps (0 %)). Closest hits using the tef1 sequence had highest similarity to Alfoldia vorosii (as Dothideomycetes sp. DGK-2019a, strain REF117, GenBank MK599321. 1; Identities = 427/457 (93 %), no gaps), Angustimassarina coryli (strain MFLUCC 14-0981, GenBank MF167433. 1; Identities = 421/451 (93 %), no gaps), and Teichospora trabicola (strain C134, Gen-Bank KU601601. 1; Identities = 425/457 (93 %), no gaps). No significant hits were obtained when the rpb2 sequence was used in blastn and megablast searches. Crous, sp. nov. Classification -Sporocadaceae, Xylariales, Sordariomycetes.
Culture characteristics -Colonies flat, spreading, with folded surface, moderate aerial mycelium and smooth, lobate margin, covering dish after 2 wk at 25 °C. On MEA, PDA and OA surface peach, reverse fulvous with patches of sienna. Notes -Millesimomyces resembles the genus Discosia in morphology, having stromatic acervuli, and long, hyaline, subcylindrical or lageniform phialides that give rise to subcylindrical, pale brown, 3-septate conidia with excentric apical and basal appendages  (Liu et al. 2019a ). However, based on phylogenetic inference, the fungus clusters apart from species of Discosia, and hence Millesimomyces is established to accommodate it. Based on a megablast search of NCBIs GenBank nucleotide database, the closest hits using the ITS sequence had highest similarity to Monochaetia monochaeta (strain CBS 118.
66, GenBank MH858742. 1; Identities = 569/595 (96 %), 3 gaps (0 %)), Seimatosporium pistaciae (strain CBS 138865, Gen-Bank NR_137942. 1; Identities = 559/586 (95 %), 9 gaps (1 %)),  Crous & M. J. Wingf. , sp. nov. and Ciliochorella phanericola (voucher MFLU 14-0776, Gen-Bank NR_153928. 1; Identities = 526/552 (95 %), 9 gaps (1 %)). Other more distant hits include Discostroma fuscellum (strain GSAA-0182, GenBank JF320818. 1; Identities = 551/582 (95 %), 7 gaps (1 %)), Discosia pseudoartocreas (strain CBS 136438, GenBank NR_132068. 1; Identities = 579/612 (95 %), 9 gaps (1 %)), and Discosia artocreas (strain CBS 241. 66, GenBank MH858787. 1; Identities = 559/592 (94 %), 8 gaps (1 %)). Closest hits using the LSU sequence are Seiridium pseudocardinale (as Seiridium sp. DW-2016a, strain MFLUCC 13-0525, GenBank KU848209.
1; Identities = 843/847 (99 %), 2 gaps (0 %)), Seiridium cardinale (as Seiridium unicorne, strain CBS 908. 85, GenBank DQ414532. 1; Identities = 829/833 (99 %), 2 gaps (0 %)), and Seiridium cupressi (as Seiridium unicorne, strain CBS 320. 51, GenBank MH868398. 1; Identities = 853/858 (99 %), 3 gaps (0 %)). Other more distant hits include Discosia querci (strain MFLUCC 16-0642, GenBank MG815830. 1; Identities = 841/858 (98 %), 3 gaps (0 %)), Immersidiscosia eucalypti (strain 17RA1, GenBank KY825092. 1; Identities = 840/858 (98 %), 3 gaps (0 %)), and Discosia fraxinea (strain NTIT469, GenBank KF827439. 1; Identities = 838/856 (98 %), 3 gaps (0 %)). Closest hits using the rpb2 sequence had highest similarity to Monochaetia monochaeta (strain CBS 658. 95, GenBank MH554977. 1; Identities = 699/830 (84 %), no gaps), Seiridium podocarpi (strain CBS 137995, GenBank LT853148.
1; Identities = 721/860 (84 %), no gaps), and Monochaetia junipericola (strain CBS 143391, GenBank MH108004. 1; Identities = 674/805 (84 %), no gaps). Closest hits using the tef1 sequence had highest similarity to Pestalotiopsis jinchanghensis (strain LC8191, GenBank KY464155. Classification -Bankeraceae, Thelephorales, Agaricomycetes.
Phylogeny -The analysis of ITS rDNA suggests that the specimen found in Cortegada represent a distinct lineage of Calycina (clade 2 in  Han et al. 2014). No significant phylogenetic relationships with other species of this genus could be inferred, but sub-significant values (PP 0. 89, BP 68) suggest a putative relation with C. marina. Typus. Spain, Galicia, Pontevedra, Parque Nacional de las Islas Atlánticas de Galicia, Illa de Cortegada, N42°36'59. 65" W8°46'59. 22", 9. 4 m asl, several apothecia found together on a living twig of Castanea sativa, 22 Dec. 2017, S. De la Peña-Lastra (holotype MSS906, ITS and LSU sequences GenBank MN017444 and MN017503, MycoBank MB831334). Notes -Calycina cortegadensis is characterised by its apothecia with an apical disc furfuraceous-pruinose but lacking external hairs, its yellowish beige to bluish brown tones when dried, and its spores measuring 4 -6.
Typus. france, Charente-Maritime, Saint-Gemme, La Grande-Vergne, 45. 764873°N, -0. 931785°E, alt. 10 -20 m, 31 Jan. 2016, P. Tanchaud (holotype GE18008, ITS, SSU, LSU, RPB2 sequences GenBank MK645573 to MK645575, MK645581 to MK645583, MK645587 to MK645589 and MK645593 to MK645595, MycoBank MB830214). Notes -Because of its viscid pileus and stipe, decurrent lamellae with non-gelatinised edge but with interwoven trama and sometimes constricted and white spores, this new species fits the genus Chromosera subgenus Oreocybe  (Boertmann 1990 , Lodge et al. 2013 ) that already includes C. xanthochroa, C. citrinopallida and C. lilacina. According to  Boertmann (1990 Boertmann ( , 2010)) ,  Candusso (1997)  and  Borgen & Arnolds (2004) , C. citrinopallida and C. lilacina have an arctic and alpine distribution while C.
2007 ). Regarding C. soldanellae, this species has stromatic cells and occasionally forms ramoconidia  (Bensch et al. 2012)  while C. fildesense does not show stromatic cells and ramoconidia were always observed. Finally, C. ossifragi differs from C. fildesense by having shorter conidiogenous cells (5-31 μm long), the muricate conidial ornamentation, and by lacking primary ramoconidia  (Schubert et al. 2007 ). Based on a megablast search of NCBIs GenBank nucleotide database, the closest hits using the ITS sequence are Cladosporium ramotenellum (GenBank MF473250. Etymology. Name refers to Fildes Bay Area, King George Island, Antarctica, where the fungus was isolated. Classification -Cladosporiaceae, Capnodiales, Dothideomycetes. Conidiophores dimorphic, cylindrical or subcylindrical, solitary or in small groups, septate, erect, flexuous or straight, arising from the terminal or generally lateral hyphae, pale brown or pale olivaceous brown.
On the reverse of the plate, a flat round colony of dark green colour is observed. On the obverse of the plate, the colony has olive-green aerial mycelium and profuse sporulation mainly in the centre of the colony. Cardinal temperature for growth -Optimum 20 °C, maximum 25 °C, minimum 5 °C. Typus. antarctica, South Shetland archipelago, King George Island, Fildes Bay, from an unidentified marine sponge, 13 Dec. 2009, I. Vaca (holotype F09-T12-1, culture ex-type ChFC-554, ITS, LSU, actA and tef1 sequences GenBank JX845290, MN245038, MN233632 and MN233633, MycoBank MB832139). Colour illustrations. Picture taken during sampling showing typical landscape of Fildes Bay, King George Island, Antarctica. Cladosporium fildesense growing on oatmeal agar; conidiophores and conidium on SNA after 14 d at 20 °C.
godetiae and C. pyricola have also been diagnosed on Copihue by The National Plant Protection Organization in areas close to where C. roseum was found, there is no certainty that G. lapageriae is the same species, and therefore we propose to describe the new strains as a new species. Colletotrichum roseum belongs to the Colletotrichum acutatum species complex  (Damm et al. 2012) , and is phylogenetically close but clearly distinct from C. kniphofiae. The new species differs from C. kniphofiae by its shorter conidia and characteristic rose-coloured culture. Colletotrichum roseum can be identified with all loci studied, except LSU, with GAPDH and ACT performing best as a diagnostic sequence. Based on a megablast search of NCBIs GenBank nucleotide database restricted to ex-type strains, the closest hit using the GAPDH sequences were C.
phormii (GenBank JQ948777, Identities = 238/252 (94. 4 %), 3 gaps), C. acerbum (GenBank JQ948790; Identities = 235/252 (93. 3 %), 3 gaps) and C. johnstonii (GenBank JQ948775; Identities = 234/252 (92. 9 %), 3 gaps). Closest hits using the ACT sequence were C. phormii (GenBank JQ949767, Identities = 239/247 (96. 8 %), no gaps), C. arboricola (GenBank MH817956; Identities = 242/252 (96. 0 %), no gaps) and C. salicis (GenBank JQ949781; Identities = 237/247 (96. 0 %), no gaps). Classification -Cordycipitaceae, Hypocreales, Sordariomycetes. Stromata pale yellow (blackish brown after drying), simple, fusiform, fleshy, erect, protruding from the ground with several stromata loosely connected emerging from between the head and the thorax of the cicada nymph, 32-45 mm long. Fertile part on the terminal end c.
Phylogenetic tree with C. jakajanicola was constructed from a combined dataset comprising SSU, LSU, TEF, RPB1 and RPB2 sequences. The phylogenetic tree was analysed using Maximum parsimony (MP), Maximum likelihood (ML) and Bayesian inference. The MP analysis was conducted on the combined dataset using PAUP v. 4. 0b10  (Swofford 2003) , adopting random addition sequences (100 replications), with gaps being treated as missing data. A bootstrap (BP) analysis was performed using the maximum parsimony criterion in 1 000 replications. The ML analysis was run with RAxML-VI-HPC2 v. 8. 2. 12 (Stamatakis 2014) under a GTR model, with 1 000 bootstrap replicates. Bayesian phylogenetic inference was calculated with MrBayes v. 3. 2. 6  (Ronquist & Huelsenbeck 2003) , with 5 M generations and under the same model.
Some phialides borne directly and singly on aerial hyphae. Phialides (3 -)4 -8(-10) × 1. 5 -2 µm, with swollen, ellipsoidal basal portion, necks present, 1-3 × 1 µm. Conidia hyaline, ellipsoidal, fusiform, aseptate, 3 -4 × 1. 5 -2 μm. Typus. thailand, Prachuap Khiri Khan Prov. , Kui Buri National Park, on spiders (Araneidae), buried in soil, 7 Jan. 2011, W. Himaman (holotype BBH45453, culture ex-type BCC90322, LSU, TEF, RPB1 and ITS sequences GenBank MK968816, MK988030, MK988032 and MN099707, MycoBank MB831637). Additional materials examined. thailand, Prachuap Khiri Khan Prov. , Kui Buri National Park, on spider (Araneidae), buried in soil, 7 Jan. 2011, W. Himaman, BBH45454 (BBC90323), LSU, TEF, RPB1 and ITS sequences GenBank MK968817, MK988031, MK988033 and MN099708; ibid. , BBH45452 (BCC90321).
mail. go. th Colour illustrations. Background photo of forest in Prachuap Khiri Khan Province. Fertile part with ascomata and asexual morph; perithecia; asci; ascus tip; ascospores; phialides; conidia; culture on PDA, evlachovaealike asexual morph on PDA; conidia. Scale bars = 10 mm (plate culture), 5 mm (stromata), 120 µm (perithecia), 50 µm (asci), 10 µm (ascus), 50 µm (ascospores), 5 µm (phialides and conidia, evlachovaea-like morph on PDA with conidia), 3 µm (conidia). Phylogenetic tree with C. kuiburiensis was constructed from the combined dataset comprising LSU, TEF and RPB1 sequences. The phylogenetic tree was analysed using maximum parsimony (MP), maximum likelihood (ML) and bayesian inference. The MP analysis was conducted on the combined dataset using PAUP v. 4. 0b10  (Swofford 2003) , adopting random addition sequences (100 replications), with gaps being treated as missing data.
Colony reverse on PDA in E. coralliformis was pale yellow to olive brown and in E. terrestris yellowish white to pale yellow  (Marin-Felix et al. 2015). Our phylogenetic reconstruction with the barcodes LSU, ITS and BenA places E. tuberculata in a basal lineage distant from the clade formed by the other species of Emmonsiellopsis. A megablast search in the NCBIs GenBank nucleotide database using LSU sequences showed that E. tuberculata was 98. 83 % (675/683) similar with E. terrestris  (CBS 273. 77 Petters-Vandresen, Galli-Terasawa, Terasawa & Glienke, sp. nov. Etymology. Named after the Tupi-Guarani word for maize, 'awaxy ', referring to the substrate (maize ears and stalks) and geographical location (Arapoti and Guarapuava cities in Paraná, as these names come from the Tupi-Guarani language).
subglutinans, are now identified as F. awaxy. Such strains include isolates from Zea mays from China (Gen-Bank KT716223; Identities = 630/630 (100 %))  (Zhang et al. 2016) , South Korea (GenBank JX867945; Identities = 641/641 (100 %))  (Kim et al. 2012) , Argentina (GenBank MG857113; Identities = 641/641 (100 %))  (Martinez et al. unpubl. data)  and Brazil (GenBank KP336408; Identities = 545/ 545 (100 %))  (Faria et al. 2012) , as well as one strain isolated from Sorghum bicolor in the USA (GenBank KX681493; Identities = 634/634 (100 %))  (Funnell-Harris et al. 2017). Furthermore, another isolate from Zea mays from South Africa (MRC 115, GenBank MH582309; Identities = 649 /649 (100 %)), which was previously identified both as F. subglutinans and also as a putatively novel species ('Fusarium sp.
2014) with G. aculeatum, G. albonigrum, G. argentinum, G. caririense, G. echinulatum, G. inpaense, G. ishikawae and G. rufensens. All these species have hyphal projections on their exoperidium, as does G. lanuginosum. Morphologically, G. aculeatum and G. echinulatum are similar to G. lanuginosum; however, G. aculeatum has larger basidiospores (5 -7. 5 µm diam) and an exoperidium with aculeate hyphal tufts, and G. echinulatum has a well-developed subiculum, non-delimited peristome, and The first of three equally most parsimonious trees of the ITS nrDNA sequence alignment were obtained from a heuristic search. The analysis was conducted with PAUP v. 4. 0b10  (Swofford 2003)  with 10 000 bootstrap replicates. The new Geastrum species described here is indicated in green. The accession numbers from EMBL/GenBank databases are indicated on the tree.
One other species, G. verbenae, has been reported on Gl. phlogiflora  (Braun & Cook 2012) ; other Glandularia spp. are not known as hosts of powdery mildews. Golovinomyces glandulariae differs from G. verbenae by having conidiophores with foot-cells followed by up to four shorter cells, basal septa sometimes 2 -3 µm displaced from the point of branching, and smaller conidia. ITS sequences are not available in GenBank for G. verbenae, thus the phylogenetic relationship between these two species cannot be determined. Phylogenetically, G. glandulariae is sister to G. magnicellulatus, which is morphologically similar, although its conidia are larger. As of 26 July 2019, the ITS sequence of G. glandulariae is identical to only two Golovinomyces specimens, KR-M-43410 and KR-M-43411, available in GenBank (acc.
nos. LC076839 and LC076840, respectively). These were collected from Verbena in Germany and were recognised as representing a distinct lineage, without being identified at the species level  (Scholler et al. 2016). The next closest hits using the ITS sequence of G. glandulariae are 10 G. magnicellulatus specimens with four to six nucleotide position differences in the ITS2 sequences. Most of the powdery mildew mycelium on Gl. aristigera consisted of hyphae, conidiophores and conidia of G. glandulariae, although small patches of Podosphaera xanthii were also found on the aerial plant surfaces. Podosphaera xanthii has conidia with fibrosin bodies, which distinguishes it from G. glandulariae. The ITS sequence of P. xanthii was determined in each specimen (acc. nos. MN190026 -MN190029 and MN190244), and these were all identical to those available in GenBank for over 30 other specimens of P.
Scale bars = 1 mm (ascomata), 100 µm (ascoma), 10 µm (young ascus, older ascospores, ascomal walls), 5 µm (ascal apices). Photos: Jacques Fournier. Andrew N. Miller, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Illinois Natural History Survey, 1816 South Oak Street, Champaign, Illinois, 61820, USA; e-mail: amiller7@illinois. edu Jacques Fournier, Las Muros, 09420 Rimont, France; e-mail: jacques. fournier@club-internet. fr Maximum likelihood tree generated using PhyML in SeaView v. 4. 5. 4 (Gouy et al. 2010). Helminthosphaeria hispidissima is in bold. Numbers above branches refer to bootstrap support values. GenBank accession numbers for the LSU region are given after taxon names. Classification -Chaetothyriaceae, Chaetothyriales, Eurotiomycetes.
Scale bars = 10 µm. Thaisa F. Nóbrega, Bruno W. Ferreira & Robert W. Barreto, Departamento de Fitopatologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, 36570-900, MG, Brazil; e-mail: thaisa. nobrega@ufv. br, bruno. wesley@ufv. br & rbarreto@ufv. br Harry C. Evans, CAB International, UK Centre, Egham, Surrey TW20 9TY, UK; e-mail: h. evans@cabi. org Supplementary material FP1017 Maximum Parsimony Tree inferred from the combined datasets of ITS and LSU sequences from species belonging to the families Chaetothyriaceae and Cyphellophoraceae, including two specimens of Hermetothecium mikaniae-micranthae obtained in this study (indicated in bold). Bootstrap support values (≥ 70 %) and later Bayesian probabilities (≥ 0. 90) are given at each node. The tree is rooted to Cladophialophora australiensis CBS 112793 and C.
2018, R. W. Barreto (holotype VIC 47212, ITS and LSU sequences GenBank MN537723 and MN537725, Myco-Bank MB832760). Notes -Numerous attempts to isolate this fungus on a range of general-purpose culture media failed to produce any culture, leading to the conclusion that this is a biotrophic taxon. Furthermore, detailed observations under the compound microscope and via scanning electron microscopy failed to produce any evidence of appressoria, or other penetration structures of leaf tissue, or any internal growth of mycelium. It appears that H. mikaniae-micranthae is an epiphyte relying strictly on plant exudates for its growth and is a specialised colonist of this plant host. Mikania micrantha is a relatively uncommon but widespread ruderal climber in Brazil, frequently associated with marshy areas.
Occurring on sandy soil under Coccoloba uvifera. Typus. britiSh Virgin iSleS, Guana Island, North Bay woods, N18°28'42" W64°34', 24 Oct. 1997, D. J. Lodge (holotype GUA-104 (CFMR), ITS sequence GenBank MK046851, MycoBank MB831225). Notes -Lactifluus guanensis belongs to L. subg. Gymnocarpi, which is supported by molecular data (ITS phylogeny: see Supplementary Fig. FP1018 ), as well as by morphological characters, such as the absence of true pleurolamprocystidia and a brownish colour reaction of the latex and/or the context when exposed to air. Lactifluus guanensis is part of an unnamed section (Clade 1; Clade 9 in  De Crop et al. 2017) , a section which contains exclusively Neotropical species, mostly species from the Antilles. Morphologically this species has similar characters to the other species in this section (e.
2006 , Hustad & Miller 2011 , Han et al. 2014 ) of the Mollisiaceae s. lat. According to the family concepts proposed by  Johnston et al. (2019) , M. cortegadensis belongs to the clade of families Mollisiaceae, Loramycetaceae and Vibrisseaceae, which could be merged into the oldest name Mollisiaceae. Typus. Spain, Galicia, Pontevedra, Parque Nacional de las Islas Atlánticas de Galicia, Illa de Cortegada, N42°36'59. 65" W8°46'59. 22", 9. 4 m asl, a group of ascomata at the tip of a dead attached twig of Quercus robur, 27 Apr. 2016, S. De la Peña-Lastra (holotype MSS906, ITS and 28S /LSU sequences GenBank MN129025 and MN129020, MycoBank MB831739). Notes -Mollisia cortegadensis is characterised by its two types of paraphyses: slightly broadened at their tips and others strongly swollen, but all of them have conspicuous refractive vacuolar bodies that stain in cresyl blue.
2011, V. Malysheva (holotype LE 312866; ITS and LSU sequences GenBank MK982290 and MK982303, MycoBank MB831299). Additional material examined. ruSSia, Primorye Territory, vicinities of Vladivostok, Ocean Ridge, mixed coniferous-broadleaf forest (Abies holophylla, Pinus koraiensis, Juglans mandshurica, Acer spp. ), on soil, 9 Sept. 2013, E. Malysheva (LE 312869, ITS and LSU sequences GenBank MK982289 and MK982302). Notes -Pluteus spurius is characterised by small-sized basidiocarps, with greyish brown coloured and fibrillose-squamulose pileus, serrulated edges of lamellae, pileipellis as a cutis with long fusiform terminal elements, absence of pleurocystidia, numerous caulocystidia, and globose or subglobose basidiospores. Based on its pileipellis structure P. spurius is placed in sect. Celluloderma.
Pluteus spurius is morphologically close to P. hispidulus var. hispidulus, P. hispidulus var. cephalocystis, P. exiguus, P. karstedtiae and P. hispidulopsis in terms of basidiocarp size, squamulose pileus of similar colouration, and pileipellis structure, but can be distinguished from them due to other microscopic features (for detailed discussion: see Additional data below). The molecular data (generated nrITS sequences) confirmed the morphological differences between all species discussed and supported the recognition of Pluteus spurius as a separate taxon (see phylogenetic tree on the page with Pluteus liliputianus description = FP1023).
At the half of the lamella-edge close to the cap margin thin-walled cheilocystidia become scattered, fewer in number, intermixed with many clavate marginal cells (= paracystidia), some of them thick-walled and brown coloured. Veil fibrillose, consisting of elongated and septate hyaline hyphae with inflated endings. Clamp connections present. Habitat & Distribution -Gregarious on nitrified calcareous loamy soil among grasses under Conium maculatum, Foeniculum vulgare with Urtica urens. So far only known from Spain and Hungary. Typus. Spain, Madrid, Alcalá de Henares, El Gurugú, on nitrified calcareous loamy soil, among grass with Conium maculatum and Urtica urens, 2 Dec. 2016, G. Moreno & M. Heykoop (holotype AH 33724, ITS and LSU sequences GenBank MF966497 and MN190260, MycoBank MB832058).
Notes -Morphological analyses suggest that P. lindneri, and P. bhattii could be sister taxa. They are similar in the morphological characteristics of gymnothecial ascomata production and colony colouration. Samson (1972)  described P. bhattii as being characterised by yellow ascomata and the absence of distinct peridial appendages. However, P. lindneri can be distinguished from P. bhattii based on conidiogenesis (P. bhattii does not produce conidia) and the presence of distinct peridial appendages. Minnis & Lindner (2013) , were the first to study many Pseudogymnoascus taxa using modern phylogenetic methods using a multigene approach. In their work, they identified multiple clades of Pseudogymnoascus. The new species described here is identical in the three genes studied to the same three genes from Minnis & Lindner's 02NH05 isolate deposited in GenBank.
Isolate 02NH05 up until this point has remained an undescribed homothallic species since the publication of their work. This work is the first to unite morphological characters used by  Samson (1972)  with molecular data. Phylogenetic placement of Pseudogymnoascus lindneri on a maximum parsimony tree with maximum likelihood/maximum parsimony bootstrap support values, generated from the concatenated dataset of three loci (rDNA, TEF and RPB2) using PAUP v. 4. 0a build 166  (Swofford 2003). The parsimony analysis generated a single most parsimonious tree via strict consensus. A maximum likelihood analysis was completed using GARLI v. 2. 01  (Zwickl 2006)  on the CiPRES Science Gateway  (Miller et al. 2010). We generated a consensus tree from a single replicate ML analysis with 1 000 bootstrap pseudo-replications.
Hemileccinum subglabripes has an ochre to reddish brown pileus, a yellow pore surface that does not stain blue, and red to reddish brown punctae on its stipe. Pulchroboletus sclerotiorum is also distinct based on molecular characters. BLAST searches based on ITS rDNA did not match closely with any known boletes. The most closely related named taxa in GenBank are P. roseoalbidus, P. rubricitrinus, Boletus smithii and Gasteroboletus vividus. However, sequences of these taxa were < 91 % similar across the ITS. ITS sequences provide important insight into the ecology of this new species because they match a sequence from orange sclerotia collected beneath oaks in Massachusetts  (Smith & Pfister 2009). Sclerotia of ecto mycorrhizal fungi are rarely reported in the literature  (Smith et al. 2015)  but several other species of ectomycorrhizal Boletales have been shown to form sclerotia, including B.