dataesr/scientific-paragraphs-categorization huggingface dataset:
User rights will be provided to study staff, PIs, and coinvestigators at the level appropriate for each individual's job description by the central CTU data managers. After principal results, addressing primary and secondary objectives will be published, data repository will be publicly available by concrete permission of the CTU and data will be pseudo-anonymized and encrypted. Those interested in having the database or any of its subsets should provide a concrete research proposal that may be accepted under citation condition. The local PIs will maintain, and store securely, complete, accurate, and current study records throughout the study. In accordance with regulations, study staff will retain all study records on-site for at least 5 years after study closure or more if required by the National Ethics Committee.
Confidentiality {27} All study-related information will be stored securely at the sites. All participant paper information will be stored in locked file cabinets in areas with limited access provided by the local PIs. All laboratory specimens different from those included in the SoC, reports, process, and administrative forms will be identified only by an ID to maintain participant confidentiality. All records that contain names or other personal identifiers, such as locator forms and ICFs, will be stored separately from study records identified by the ID number. All local databases will be secured with encrypted and passwordprotected access systems. Forms, lists, logbooks, appointment books, and any other listings that link participant ID numbers to other identifying information will be stored in a separate, locked file in an area with limited access managed by the local PIs.
All records identifying the participant will be kept confidential and, to the extent permitted by the applicable laws and/or regulations, will not be made publicly available. Procedures for data collection, storage, transfer, protection, and retention will be detailed in the trial Data Management Plan. Specifically, designed CRFs will be developed for collection of the trial's data and will be designed in compliance with regulatory requirements for clinical trials, following the principles of ICH-GCP and the General Data Protection Regulation 2016/679. A centralized computerized database, managed by the CTU and allocated in the Hospital 12 Octubre (Madrid, Spain), will be the central data repository for all sites participating in the trial. Patients will be assigned a trial identification number and will not be identified by their name.
The data controller is SERMAS-FI+12. The processing of personal data is on the basis of the informed consent. The participant will have the right to access, rectify, or erase the child's personal data; restrict the types of activities the research team can do with; object to using their and their child's personal data for specific types of activities; or withdraw their consent. No directly identifiable patient data will be held in the trial database, and the patient will be identified by a trial ID number. However, data that could be considered as indirectly identifiable (date of birth) or sensitive (date of medical events) will be handled within the guidelines of CTU standard procedures, which also details the sending and receiving of patient data under secure channels, either encrypted zip files or using inbuilt encryption software for email.
Routine samples (e. g. , blood cultures, malaria test) will be processed following the local procedure. Each local site will be responsible for ensuring that the samples are appropriately labeled in accordance with the trial procedures and comply with the 1998 Data Protection Act. Biological samples collected from participants as part of this trial will be transported, stored, accessed, and processed in accordance with national guidelines/ legislation relating to the use and storage of human tissue for research purposes and such activities shall at least meet the requirements as set out in the 2004 Human Tissue Act and the 2006 Human Tissue (Scotland) Act.
Methods in analysis to handle protocol non-adherence and any statistical methods to handle missing data {20c} In order to avoid loss of information and statistical power in the association analysis, missing data will be imputed by means of multiple imputation chained equation method implemented in MICE R package. To prevent too many assumptions, only variables with less than 20% of missing information will be considered for imputation. To get a better understanding of the way missing data distribute among variables in the study, correlation matrixes, patching patterns, and box plot analyses will be performed. Sensitivity analysis will be performed to ensure low imputation derived bias, and an imputation appendix will be assessed in the study report. Finally, sensitivity analysis will then be undertaken to assess the robustness of the conclusions to assumptions regarding the missing data.
Central monitoring The FI+12-CTU will perform a secondary study database clean-up working closely with the participating sites to ensure that all collected data has been received and that all quality control checks were performed. The DMT will develop a standard data definition table (DDT) or Masterfile which will be used to consolidate all sites' data into a consistent format for storage in the central database. The DMT will maintain a specimen tracking process and link them to clinical data. The DMT will work closely with data managers from the sites to assure proper quality control checks are performed at the site level based on the central data editing plan. Data integrity will be validated by producing standard reports and distributing them to the sites on a routine basis. Standard processes will be implemented by local study personnel to enhance data quality and reduce bias by detecting and reducing the amount of missing or incomplete data, inaccuracies, and excessive variability in measurements.
Data entry and error checking will be completed in a timely manner to maximize the ability to resolve detected errors. DMT will perform an exhaustive quality control report checking for missing, unusual values, and clinical inconsistencies. Further outlier analysis will be performed in order to check possible data entry errors. If any such problems are identified, the site will be contacted and asked to verify or correct the entry. Changes will be made in the hard-copy CRF (if the site uses paper) and in the eCRF and entered into the database at the site. FI+12-CTU will also send reminders for any overdue and/or missing data with the regular inconsistency reports of errors. Each site will be responsible for developing a data entry error checking code, based on the standard data editing plan provided by the DMT.
The sites will be responsible for following up on any queries produced by this code, to ensure the data are as complete and accurate as possible. All queries must be resolved within 2 weeks unless a specific date of resolution is requested by the DMT. Quality controls will be conducted for the first five patients of each site and afterward, at least every 3 months. A single query table will be sent to each site in order to identify possible data entry errors. Changes will be made in the hard-copy CRF (if the site uses paper) and the eCRF and entered into the database at the site. FI+12-CTU will also send reminders for any overdue and/or missing data with the regular inconsistency reports of errors. The investigator must assure that patients' anonymity will be maintained and that their identities are protected from unauthorized parties.
Patients will be assigned a trial identification number, and this will be used on CRFs; patients will not be identified by their names. The investigator will keep securely a patient trial register showing identification numbers, names, and dates of birth. Data will be structured according to a final repository. A final repository will be chosen for anonymized data sharing, and transparency after the trial is closed, according to the funder (EDCTP) rules and recommendations, unless national laws impede it.
Monitoring of accurate data recording in sites Dedicated monitors from a CRO will visit all the clinical sites to validate and monitor data. They will conduct regular contact with sites and interim on-site monitoring visits. Site monitoring visits will be conducted to assess compliance with ICH-GCP guidelines. Study monitors will visit the site to: Verify compliance with human subjects and other research regulations and guidelines Assess adherence to the study protocol and studyspecific SOP Confirm the quality and accuracy of the information collected at the study site and entered into the study database.
Primary outcome papers EDCTP expects that grant holders will disclose the summary results of the study within 12 months from primary study completion (the last visit of the last subject for the collection of data on the primary outcome). The primary outcome papers will be those that present outcome data. The authorship of the publications will be decided by the Executive Committee and by EDCTP rules. Publication in a journal is expected within 24 months from study completion, according to EDCTP rules. The Trial identification number or registry identifier code should be included in all publications of clinical trials and should be provided as part of the abstract to PubMed and other bibliographic search databases for easy linking of trial-related publications with clinical trial registry site records.
Acknowledgements Trials guidance: Please acknowledge anyone who contributed towards the article who does not meet the criteria for authorship including anyone who provided professional writing services or materials. Authors should obtain permission to acknowledge from all those mentioned in the Acknowledgements section. See our editorial policies for a full explanation of acknowledgements and authorship criteria. If you do not have anyone to acknowledge, please write "Not applicable" in this section. Group authorship (for manuscripts involving a collaboration group): if you would like the names of the individual members of a collaboration Group to be searchable through their individual PubMed records, please ensure that the title of the collaboration Group is included on the title page and in the submission system and also include collaborating author names as the last paragraph of the "Acknowledgements" section.
MATISSE furthermore introduces closure phases to MIR inteferometry. The combination of the phase measurements on any three baselines φ i jk ≡ φ i j + φ jk -φ ik is called the closure phase; this summation cancels out any atmospheric or baselinedependent phase errors  (Jennison 1958; Monnier 2003). Closure phases are crucial for imaging because they probe the spatial distribution of target flux and because they are unaffected by atmospheric turbulence. Recent imaging studies of NGC 1068 with GRAVITY  (Gravity Collaboration et al. 2020 ) and MA-TISSE (Gámez  Rosas et al. 2022 ) have illustrated the power of this approach in revealing new morphological details and spatially resolved temperature measurements of the circumnuclear dust. Until this work, NGC 1068 was the only AGN to have been imaged with MATISSE.
Correlated flux stability Combining the MIDI and MATISSE datasets taken ≥10 years apart depends on the assumption that both the structure and photometry of Circinus are stable in the same period. T14 reported possible flux variation of Circinus between 2008 and 2009. Moreover, there may be instrumental biases which are not properly calibrated. Therefore, we compare the correlated flux values taken using MATISSE in 2020 and 2021 with those at similar u, v coordinates reported in T14. We identify and compare 30 baselines from MIDI and MATISSE which are within We find excellent agreement between the two epochs, with > 90% of baselines consistent within the 1σ Fcorr ≈ 0. 2 Jy calibrated correlated flux errors. Only two baselines are discrepant at 12 µm by > 1σ Fcorr , but agree within 2σ Fcorr.
Image reconstruction The primary advantage of MATISSE over MIDI is that the availability of closure phases makes it possible to reconstruct highfidelity images. We employ the image reconstruction software, IRBis (Image Reconstruction software using the Bispectrum;  Hofmann et al. 2014; Hofmann et al. 2016) , which was designed for MATISSE and is incorporated into the standard data reduction package. IRBis includes six regularization functions, two minimization engines, and myriad fine-tuning parameters such as the pixel scale, hyperparameter, and object mask. For the VISIR-SAM data, a completely independent image reconstruction process was carried out. We kept the image reconstruction for the MATISSE+MIDI data and that for the VISIR-SAM data separate due to dynamical range concerns, the different wavelength ranges, and because the spacial scales they measure are completely independent.
The VISIR-SAM data were fit in the image plane with a Gaussian having FWHM 3. 3 × 2. 2 pc and major axis along PA = 72 •. This is larger than either the MATISSE images or the MIDI modeling (with FWHM = 2 pc), indicating that the MATISSE images do not capture the true extent of the structure. The position angle of the SAM data matches the T14 result, though it is likely also flux-biased toward the South due to the E-W flux enhancements. Continuing to lower resolution, the Nband VLT/VISIR images in  Asmus et al. (2014 Asmus et al. ( , 2016) )  show that in Circinus roughly 60% of the flux is extended farther than 5. 24 pc and at PA = 100 ± 10 •. It is clear that the polar structures we see in our images extend continuously outward past 5 pc.
Imaging work by Gámez  Rosas et al. (2022)  has revealed a quite different circumnuclear dust morphology than we recover. In NGC 1068 at 12 µm, they find a disk-like structure ∼ 2 pc in diameter with emission extending nearly perpendicular to it, similar to what we see with the disk and E-W polar flux enhancements. However, the NGC 1068 and Circinus morphologies differ significantly at other wavelengths. At 8. 5 µm and in the LM-bands, the NGC 1068 emission is resolved into a ringlike structure with 720 K dust embedded within. We have shown that hot dust can make up the unresolved flux in Circinus, and the LM data can help clarify the situation, as they probe the 500 K dust morphology. Finally,  Jaffe et al. (2004) ;  López-Gonzaga et al. (2014), and Gámez Rosas et al. (2022)  showed that in NGC 1068, the standard ISM dust we use does not repro-Article number, page 14 of 30 duce the observed SEDs.
The effects of varying dust composition will be explored in future work. Future N-band observations with the MATISSE ATs will yield the first closure phase measurements of the 1 pc dust, further improving our imaging capabilites beyond the MIDI data. In a subsequent paper, we will utilize the LM-band MATISSE data, with ∼ 3 mas resolution, to probe the hotter dust at small scales both within the disk and perhaps at the origins of the polar extension. We show that the central aperture can contain dust near the sublimation temperature, and a detailed study of the LMdata can give insights into the density, thickness, and perhaps the clumpiness of the disk. Circinus and NGC 1068 are laboratories in which to study the circumnuclear dust at extremely small physical scales, but the ongoing the MATISSE AGN Programme aims toward a statistical understanding of the central dust scaling and relation to the SMBH.
Acknowledgements. We thank the  VLTI Paranal  staff for all their help and good company during observations, the entire  MATISSE Consortium  for their support, and the anonymous referee for their helpful comments which have improved the manuscript. J. W. I. thanks  Felix Bosco  and  Thomas Jackson  for insightful discussions. J. S. B. acknowledges the full support from the  UNAM PA-PIIT  project  IA 101220  and from the  CONACyT "Ciencia de Frontera " project  263975. M. S. acknowledges support by the  Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia  through the contract no. 451-03-9/2022-14/200002  and by the  Science Fund of the Republic of Serbia ,  PROMIS 6060916 ,  BOWIE. This research has made extensive use of  NASA 's Astrophysics Data System; the SIMBAD database and VizieR catalogue access tool, operated at  CDS, Strasbourg, France ; and the python packages astropy, emcee, scipy, and matplotlib.
CO 2 blends provide tremendous advantages when used as a working fluid in transcritical power cycles with respect to pure CO 2. The benefits become especially apparent if coupled with concentrated solar power since increasing the critical temperature of the blend with respect to pure CO2 allows dry condensing at high ambient temperatures in locations of high solar radiation. One key cycle component is the cooler, which in this work is designed as an air-cooled condenser with a MATLAB in-house code. The internal, condensation heat transfer model used in this paper relies on a correlation developed by  Cavallini (2006). The model itself is validated against experimental data from a test rig for heat transfer measurements on a CO2 + R1234ze(E) mixture. The resulting design of the condenser is compared with the commercial software HTRI for a specific case study which is representative of the condenser of a recuperated cycle working with a CO2 + C6F6 blend.
Heat exchanger model The full-scale air-cooled condenser is modelled in MATLAB as a cross-flow heat exchanger with fins on the air side to increase the heat transfer area. In the analysis many different tube layouts are studied: among them, there are the two extreme conditions reported in Fig. 1. In the first layout the flow is not split and the pressure drops are dominant, in the second one, the flow is split twice to minimize the pressure drops. The first layout employs tubes with 7 passes and 7 rows, while in the second one, the tubes have 3 passes and 7 rows. The main characteristics of the tubes and the fins are reported in Tab. 1. In the code, each row is discretized in 20 cells (and 21 nodes): for each cell the overall heat transfer coefficient  is computed, relative to the external area, accounting both the effects of internal and external convective resistance, along with the conductive one, according to Eq.
V009T28A016-3 Copyright © 2022 by ASME; reuse license CC-BY 4. 0 Regarding the transport properties assessment, appropriate models were implemented into in-house MATLAB codes due to their relevance into the correlations of both heat transfer and pressure drop. The so-called CO 2 -SUPERTRAPP model, a modification of the TRAPP (TRAnsport Property Prediction) method (Ely and Hanley,  [14] ), has been used for the thermal conductivity of the mixture using carbon dioxide as reference fluid to improve the matching between the CO2-rich and the reference fluid. The residual thermal conductivity of the pure carbon dioxide has been calculated with a polynomial correlation in temperature and density  [15]. As the vapor phase of the two investigated condensing mixtures is characterized by a high molar content of the most volatile component (CO 2 ), the same approach has been used for the vapor phase viscosity of the mixtures; thus, the so-called CO2-SUPERTRAPP model has been successfully adopted by Nazeri et al.
Validation of the proposed model -CO2+C6F6 case study (without enhanced heat transfer) As a preliminary step to the presentation and discussion of the design of the full condenser, a comparison between the inhouse MATLAB code and the result from Xace® is carried out for the case study and the selected tube configuration with 7 rows and 3 passes of Fig. 1. The calculations proposed in this section are carried out assuming circular fins and smooth internal tube surfaces, as described in Chapter 2. 3, not enhancing the heat transfer coefficient with groovy fins and internal microfins. The air side boundary conditions are selected according to the values suggested in Xace®, representative of a good match between the design of the fans and the tubes: the air face velocity is hence set at 3. 23 m/s and a design air side temperature difference of 23 °C is imposed.
The simulations performed in MATLAB assume these values as reference, increasing the air temperature difference in case a lower heat transfer area (and therefore air passage area) is computed, to enforce the air side mass conservation equation. This choice allows the reduction of air mass flow rate for condensers with enhanced heat transfer at constant air face velocity, hence reducing the air side pressure drops and the auxiliary consumption. In the MATLAB calculations, the pressure drop on the hot side is set below 0. 5 bar, since the design aims at representing a condenser with an overall pressure drop below 1 bar including the additional pressure drops in the headers and in the piping. The results, presented in Tab. 7, show an excellent agreement between the two models, presenting almost negligible variations.
1 (about 27): for this reason, improving the internal heat transfer coefficient is as important as improving the external one, and the two coefficients have the same relative importance in determining the overall HTC. The resulting design is presented in Tab. 8, modelled in MATLAB assuming the same tube configuration and boundary conditions reported in Tab. 7. In this configuration, the additional internal microfins and external groovy fins decrease the heat transfer area by around 14% and the pass length by 23% since a lower tube length is necessary to limit the pressure drop on the hot side, thus, requiring a slightly higher number of tubes (+11 %). In addition, the temperature distribution along the seven rows is depicted in Fig. 9  and 10 both for the air side and the mixture side, along with the thermal power and HTC of Fig.
CONCLUSION In this work, a finite volume model for the design of aircooled condensers of mixtures is presented and validated against the commercial software Xace® by HTRI, showing very good agreement. Dedicated models of heat transfer coefficients, the Cavallini model  [5]  and the Bell and Ghaly approach  [7] , and transport properties for condensing mixtures are adopted and validated experimentally on the CO 2 +R1234ze(E) mixture, highlighting the novel approach in the condenser design with innovative mixtures. Finally, an enhanced tube configuration with microfins and groovy fins on the airside is presented and the performance improvements are evidenced. Being the heat transfer performances of condensing mixtures generally considered slightly poorer than supercritical fluids, future works will aim at including economic evaluations of the increment in heat exchangers size in the techno-economic comparisons of these two power cycle technologies, along with the respective increment in cycle efficiency that some CO2-based mixtures present with respect to pure CO 2 in power cycles.
TESS and ground-based photometry All four targets were initially observed and detected by the NASA TESS space mission. Afterward, ground-based timeseries follow-up photometry was performed for TOI-1107 and TOI-1982 as part of the TESS Follow-up Observing Program (TFOP,  Collins et al. 2018 ) to confirm the TESS photometric A94, page 2 of 21 ephemerides and exclude blending scenarios. The summary of the observations can be found in Table  1  and their description below. All light curves can be found in the Appendix A.