dataesr/scientific-paragraphs-categorization huggingface dataset:
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We are grateful to the  INRAE MIGALE bioinformatics facility (MIGALE, INRAE ,  2020 ,  Migale Bioinformatics Facility  [https://doi. org/10. 15454/1. 5572390655343293E12 ])for providing help and/or computing and/or storage resources. We thank  Aurore Davergne ,  David Ngwa-Mbot , and  Laurent Journaux  for providing technical support in the project  GISA-PICSAR. Conceptualization, F. B. and C. C. ; Data Curation and Formal Analysis, C. C. , J. T. , T. C. , and J. P. B. ; Funding Acquisition, F. B. , L. S. , and C. F. ; Resources, T. C. , A. D. , A. J. , and C. F. ; Software, C. C. ; Project Administration and Supervision, F. B. ; Writing -Original Draft, F. B. , C. C. , and J. P. B. ; Writing -Review & Editing, F. B. , C. C. , J. T. , and  J. P. B. All  coauthors commented on and approved the manuscript.
NMR spectra were recorded at 300 MHz for 1 H, 282 MHz for 19 F, and 75 MHz for 13 C with a Bruker ® 300 MHz NMR spectrometer. Proton and carbon magnetic resonance spectra ( 1 H NMR and 13 C NMR) were recorded using tetramethylsilane (TMS) as an external standard and CDCl 3 (7. 28 ppm for 1 H NMR and 77. 04 ppm for 13 C NMR) or DMSO-d6 (2. 50 ppm for 1 H NMR and 40. 0 ppm for 13 C NMR) as internal standards. 19 F spectra were unreferenced. Data for NMR are reported as follows: chemical shift (δ ppm), multiplicity (s = singlet, d = doublet, t = triplet, q = quartet, sep = septet, m = multiplet and br = broad resonance) and coupling constants J are reported in Hertz (Hz). All the NMR spectra were processed in MestReNova. HRMS experiments were performed on a hybrid tandem quadrupole/time-of-flight (Q-TOF) instrument, equipped with a pneumatically assisted electrospray (Z-spray) ion source (Micromass, Manchester, UK) operated in the positive mode.
All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. The copyright holder for this preprint this version posted April 29, 2020. ; https://doi. org/10. 1101/2020. 04. 27. 065003 doi: bioRxiv preprint Fig. 5B  and Table  1 ). The affinity of our DNA sequence is slightly different from the reported value of 256nM  43  , likely reflecting the difference in the sequence length (14mer versus 18-mer), the construct origin and the method used. Notably, the DNA-protein interaction is endothermic, i. e. enthalpically unfavorable and thus entropy-driven. Using static light scattering (SLS) experiments we could confirm that both the protein and the DNA form dimers (data not shown). However, the protein-DNA complex was not observed, due to a very fast off-rate  44. We used NMR spectroscopy to study the effect of the small molecules Epi and Acla on RelA-DNA binding.
All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. The copyright holder for this preprint this version posted April 29, 2020. ; https://doi. org/10. 1101/2020. 04. 27. 065003 doi: bioRxiv preprint RNA-seq and data analysis. Total RNA was extracted as described above and quality was assessed using the AATI Fragment Analyzer. Samples with RNA Quality Number (RQN) >8 and clearly defined 28S and 18S peaks were further used for preparation of mRNA libraries, which were pooled and sequenced (75 bp, single end) using NextSeq500. The quality of the sequences was assessed using FASTQC and MultiQC before the alignment  49. Sequences were aligned against the Mus musculus genome version 89, with the annotation file for the genome version 89, both from Ensembl. The alignment was done with STAR  50  , using the default parameters and including the GeneCounts option.
The files from GeneCounts were imported to R (version 3. 5. 1), taking into account the strandness associated with the sequencing protocol. DESeq2 (version 1. 22. 1)  51  was used for the downstream analysis. Heatmaps were created with data normalized from raw counts through Regularized Log Transformation (rlog)  51. The log2FC was shrunk using the 'ashr' (Adaptive SHrinkage) package  52  and genes were considered differentially expressed when the p-value was below 0. 05 after adjusting using false discovery rate (FDR). Gene Information was obtained from org. Mm. eg. db.
Acknowledgements We would like to thank  Florian Naudet MD, PhD , for his support and revision of the manuscript. We would also like to thank  Eric Bellissant MD PhD ,  Dean of Rennes Medical School , for his institutional support, and the  Conférence des Doyens des Facultés de Médecine  for their support and help in administering the survey. We would like to thank  Angela Swaine Verdier  and  Sarah Verdier Leyshon  for their revision of the English version of the manuscript. We would like to thank every medical student and national specialty resident who helped conduct the survey. This study was included in the  French network of University Hospitals HUGO ('Hôpitaux Universitaires du Grand Ouest'). Contributors MM, AB and BB initiated and designed the study, searched the literature, interpreted the results.
Powder X-ray Diffraction Studies X-ray diffraction is performed to confirm the nature of the ingredients, i. e. , crystalline or amorphous. The analysis was conducted in 2θ mode on samples using a bracket holder for samples with a source of radiation, i. e. , Cu Kα (1. 54059 Å) at room temperature. Data were recorded between 2θ values of 10 • and 60 • by using a step size of 0. 013 • and an acquisition time of 30 s per step. Analysis (TC, PVA, PVP, Simvastatin and drug-loaded dMNP) was at 40 mA and 45 kV. XRD diffractograms were analyzed  [43].
In Vitro Release Study In vitro release was assessed through rabbit skin for the best formulation F26. This study was executed in phosphate buffer (pH 7. 4) by using a Franz diffusion cell. The percentage contents of Simvastatin permeating through the rabbit skin was found to be 77. 92% ± 1. 25 as compared to Simvastatin suspension (43. 12% ± 1. 75), after administration of equal quantities of Simvastatin in both cases (Figure  11 ). Moreover, our results were comparable to previous studies with respect to drug release behavior (Table  4 ). Release data were fitted into kinetic models, i. e. , zero order, first order, Higuchi and Koresmeyer Peppas model to verify the model that best fit the release kinetics. Based on the results of regression coefficient R 2 (0. 989), the zero-order kinetic model was declared the best fit model.
Design The survey was conducted from 2 to 17 December 2021 as part of the SLAVACO research project  [27]. SLA-VACO is a multi-aim cross-sectional study. The aims were to collect data on psychoactive substance and CBD use, attitudes about the management of the COVID-19 pandemic, vaccination, and the place of scientific knowledge in related policy-making. Data were collected using self-administered online questionnaires.
Study sample The study population was comprised of a sample of the French population aged 18 years old and above. Participants were randomly selected from an existing online research panel, which included over 750, 000 nationally representative households (Bilendi SA ® ). The representativeness of the survey sample in terms of gender, age, type of professional occupation, and population density in the region of residence, was ensured using quota sampling, and respecting the adult French population structure (as per official census data). Participants were first contacted by e-mail, and enrolment continued until the necessary proportions were reached in the majority of quotas. To counterbalance any possible over-or under-representation of specific population categories, weighting factors derived from the National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies (INSEE) data were used.
Data collection After obtaining informed consent, the web-based survey collected sociodemographic data including gender, age, city size (4 options), region (12 options), socio-professional category (8 options), highest educational diploma obtained (14 options), net household monthly income (7 range options), number of dependent children, difficulty paying bills (very easy, easy, difficult, very difficult), and country of birth. The questionnaire also collected behavioural data, including frequency of tobacco, alcohol, cannabis use (do not want to answer, never, less than once a week, about once a week, several times a week, every day or almost every day) and preferred means to obtain information in general (7 options). Three questions focused on perceptions about health issues; the first two were taken from the Minimum European Health Module and regarded self-perceived general health status and the presence of a chronic condition  [28].
Associations were assessed using odds ratios (OR) for the two logistic regressions and relative risk ratios (RRR) for the multinomial regression. Only variables with a liberal p-value < 0. 20 in the univariable analyses were considered eligible for the multivariable models. The final multivariable models were built using a backward stepwise selection procedure. The likelihood ratio test (p < 0. 05) was used to define the variables to keep in the final model. For national estimates and for the analyses on the two first outcomes, data were weighted to correct for overor under-representation of specific population categories with respect to gender, age, type of professional occupation and population density in the region of residence. Weighting factors were obtained using the Stata command calibrate with the logistic method, based on INSEE data.
Therefore, data regarding the patterns of use (doses, route of administration, duration of use) and reasons for using CBD were not collected. These would have been valuable to better cluster users. Finally, as the sample size was based on the quota method, the number of CBD users was small, which limited the power of our analyses. To conclude, 10% of the adult population in our French sample reported using CBD, and several user profiles emerged. Further research in the general population on the knowledge, the perceived effectiveness and the motivation for CBD consumption, as well as on its reallife toxicity are required. Our results indirectly advocate clearer European regulations on CBD to ensure that people have access to safe and high-quality products. Moreover, more accurate and accessible information about CBD's effects and possible interactions with other drugs is needed.
Acknowledgements This study was coordinated by  Emilien Schultz  ( CEPED, Paris ) and  Jeremy K Ward  ( CERMES3 ,  Villejuif ). Rajae Touzani  and  Clémence Casanova  participated in the questionnaire design. We thank all study participants. Our thanks to  Jude Sweeney  ( Milan, Italy ) for the English revision and copyediting of the manuscript.
Novel technologies to cover more diverse, disease-relevant cell types have been recently suggested. 37 Whilst hybridization-based microarrays for transcriptional profiling have been used to provide information on diagnosis, prognosis and optimal treatment,  149  current approaches combine RNA-sequencing (RNA-Seq) with advanced bioinformatic approaches to interrogate large datasets, including the many possibly relevant transcript variants. Many paediatric diseases can be classified by their transcriptomic response, and transcriptomic approaches have also improved our understanding of the pathology of paediatric diseases as well as of therapeutic interventions, thereby contributing significantly to drug development. Beyond paediatric cancer,  41, 44  transcriptomic profiles of diseased tissue offer a window into a wide range of paediatric conditions, including inflammatory bowel disease  42  and juvenile idiopathic arthritis.
36  We therefore encourage paediatric clinical trials to incorporate sampling for transcriptomic studies, particularly in combination with other analyses such as genomic approaches. taxel resistance in ovarian cancer. 55 Promising results of a combination of pharmacoproteomics with PGx have been reported for warfarin  59  and recently DrugBank, 152 a web-enabled database, has been updated which contains comprehensive information about drugs and related issues such as targets and interactions. Of note the new version DrugBank 5. 0. provides additional highly interesting data on pharmacoproteomics. 54 ediatric proteomic research has also been widely conducted in some areas, including acute lymphablastic leukemia, 57 type 1 diabetes  52  and ventilator-induced lung injury. 53 Regarding developmental aspects and medicines in children, proteome analyses showed remarkable differences, reflecting again the impact of developmental regulation in tissues as well as specific cell types.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The  conect4children  ( c4c ) project has received funding from the  Innovative Medicines Initiative  ( IMI) 2 Joint Undertaking  under grant agreement No  777389. The Joint Undertaking receives support from the  European Union 's  Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme and EFPIA. E. N. , E. S. , F. S. and M. S. are supported by  Robert Bosch Stiftung, Stuttgart, Germany.
Hydrogels at CS concentrations between 0. 5 and 0. 8 wt% were observed at room temperature using Laser Confocal Scanning Microscopy (LCSM, Zeiss Axiovert 200 M). For each sample, stacks of 10 images of (225 μm × 225 μm) with an interval of 1 μm were recorded in eight random positions at 100 μm depth. Deconvolution of the image stacks was performed using the Iterative Deconvolve 3D plugin with a theoretical point spread function PSF calculated by the Diffraction PSF 3D plugin (ImageJ). Deconvoluted images were binarized using Li's method  (Li & Tam, 1998). The polymer-rich zones are presented in white and the polymer-poor zones (pores) are presented in black. The porosity was determined as the percentage of black pixels over the total number of pixels. The pore size distribution was characterized quantitatively using a customized algorithm (Python) based on the morphological sieve technique  (Wu, van Vliet, Frijlink, & van der Voort Maarschalk, 2007).
Acknowledgments We thank  Louison Blivet  for technical support on the study of M w effect,  Michel Cloître  and  Mickael Pomes-Hadda  ( C3M ,  ESPCI Paris-PSL ) for their help and advice on rheology,  Jean Baudry  and  Florence Condamine  ( CBI, ESPCI Paris-PSL ) for their help on osmometry,  Lamia El Guermah  and  Rémy Agniel  ( ERRMECe, CYU ) for technical support on the cell culture and characterization. We thank  Etienne Decencière  ( CMM, MINES ParisTech-PSL ) for his help and advice on image analysis. We thank the  Laboratory BioS, Reims University  for their donation of HGF cells. Financial support from the  Région Île-de-France (DIM Respore)  is gratefully acknowledged.
METHODOLOGY This research was conducted as part of the HTx project. HTx is a Horizon 2020 project supported by the European Union lasting for 5 years from January 2019 (www. htx-h2020. eu). The main aim of HTx is to create a framework for the Next Generation Health Technology Assessment to support patient-centered, societally oriented, real-time decision-making on access to and reimbursement for health technologies throughout Europe. Through Work Package 5, HTx aims to assess transferability aspects of novel HTA methodology from Western Europe (WE) countries to CEE countries and form recommendations. Patientcentered and socially-oriented HTA being in the focus of HTx, patient involvement in HTA was selected as a good practice to be included in such an assessment. The study was conducted in three phases: (1) a scoping literature review to identify potential barriers of patient involvement in HTA, (2) a workshop with relevant stakeholders from CEE countries and experts from the HTx consortium to identify additional barriers, (3) an iterative process ran throughout these phases by CEE researchers from the HTx consortium deduplicating, merging and categorizing identified barriers.
Literature Review The scoping literature review aimed to identify publications discussing potential barriers of patient involvement in HTA. The literature search was conducted through the PubMed database on the 30th of September in 2020, using the combination of the following keywords: patient; public; health technology assessment; HTA; involve; engage. The search was limited to English-language papers published in the past 10 years. Websites of relevant European Commission funded policy research projects (Innovative Medicines Initiative, Horizon 2020) were screened for project deliverables concerning patient involvement in HTA. Additionally we included experts of the field (patient involvement in HTA) that could propose additional peer-reviewed articles deem important but missed by the literature search.
Scholarship Council. Computational resources have been provided by the Consortium des Équipements de Calcul Intensif (CÉCI), funded by the Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique de Belgique (F. R. S. -FNRS) under Grant No. 2, E. Fresta, L. M. Cavinato, H. Kählig, H. Amenitsch, L. Caputo, Y. Chen, P. Samorì, J. -C. Charlier, R. D. Costa,* D. Bonifazi* e202202137 Supramolecular Chalcogen-Bonded Semiconducting Nanoribbons at Work in Lighting Devices Chalcogen-bonded p-type semiconducting ribbons have been engineered through the self-assembly of tailored πconjugated modules. Theoretical studies of the electronic states showed the presence of a local charge density between Te and N atoms. Implementation of the ribbons as hole-transport layers in light-emitting electrochemical cells gave rise to devices with performances similar to those obtained with state-of-art semiconductors.
Acknowledgements D. B. gratefully acknowledges the  EU  through the funding scheme projects  MSCA-RISE INFUSION  ( N°734834 ),  H2020-NMBP-2017 DECOCHROM (N°760973 ) and the  University of Vienna  for the financial support. J. -C. C. , R. D. C. and D. B. acknowledge the  MSCA-ITN-ETN STiBNite  ( N°956923 ). R. D. C. acknowledges the  EU Horizon 2020 research and innovation FET-OPEN  under grant agreement  ARTIBLED  (N o  863170 ) and the  ERC-Co InOutBioLight  ( N°816856 ). D. B. thanks  CERIC-ERIC  for financial support (proposal n°20207045) for accessing the Austrian SAXS beamline at Elettra. J. -C. C. acknowledges the  Fédération Wallonie-Bruxelles  ( ARC grant   N°21/26-116 ), the  European Union 's  Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation program  ( Graphene Flagship Core3-N°881603 ), and the  F.
Acknowledgements This work has been partially supported by  University of Rouen Normandy ,  INSA Rouen Normandy , the  Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) ,  European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) ,  Labex SynOrg  ( ANR-11-LABX-0029 ),  Carnot Institute I2C , the graduate school for research  XL-Chem  ( ANR-18-EURE-0020 XL CHEM ), and by  Region Normandie. M. V. and T. B. thank the  European Research Council (ERC)  under the European Union's  Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme  (grant agreement no. 758710 ). The authors would like also to gratefully acknowledge the  Centre Régional Informatique et d'Applications Numériques de Normandie (CRIANN ) for computing resources. Keywords: C-H activation • Synthetic Methodology • Homogeneous catalysis • β-Trifluoromethylstyrenes • Cyclometallated ruthenium(II)-complex.
Photochemiluminescence (PCL) Test The PCL test measures the antioxidant activity of a sample against superoxide anion radicals with a Photochem ® apparatus (Analytik Jena, Leipzig, Germany) based on the method of Popov and Lewin  [38]. The radicals are generated from luminol, a photosensitizing agent, which generates radicals upon exposure to UV light (Double Bore ® phosphor lamp, output 351 nm, 3 mW/cm 2 ). Antioxidant capacity was measured at 25 • C using the manufacturer's antioxidant capacity of liposoluble substance (ACL) kit. The kinetic light emission curve, which does not show a lag phase in ACL studies, was monitored for 180 s and expressed as µmol equivalent of Trolox (standard, TE) per gram of sample. The areas under the curves were calculated using the PCL soft control and analysis software.
This work is part of the EFLUX project funded by the European Union through the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF). SK thank the Région Normandie for a postdoctoral fellowship (RIN TREMPLIN EFLUX). We would like to thank University of Rouen Normandy, the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), INSA Rouen Normandy', Carnot I2 C, the LabEx SynOrg (ANR-11-LABX-0029), the European France-(Manche)-England cross-border cooperation program INTERREG V A " SmartT", the  graduate school of Research XL-Chem  ( ANR-18-EURE-0020 XL-CHEM ) and the  Région Normandie  for their financial supports to our general research projects.
#I0516-5 ml), 0. 5 µg/ml hydrocortisone (Sigma, Cat. #H0888-1G) and 1X Gentamicin (Sigma, Cat. #G1397-100ML) was added per well of 24-well plates containing a 25 μl droplet with cells. Medium was changed every second day with treatments as indicated. After 10 days of growth, microscopic images were acquired with a bright-field Leica microscope. Quantification of organoids was performed by analyzing overview pictures with automatic colony count with ImageJ software.
As a switch that controls signal transduction downstream of many RTKs and cytokine receptors, SHP2 appears to be an excellent target when the goal is to overcome diverse drug resistance mechanisms mediated by RTKs. At the same time, SHP2 has important functions in signal transduction in healthy cells, which means that using SHP2 inhibitors in patients could lead to toxicity. In animals, toxicity seems to be limited, as seen in the in vivo experiment presented here, as well as previous experiments by us and others  [25, 26, 29]. Whether this is also the case in humans will need to be confirmed in clinical trials with SHP2 inhibitors. We are currently aware of two clinical trials that are testing novel SHP2 inhibitors in phase I studies (ClinicalTrials. gov Identifier: NCT03114319 and NCT04000529).
Study Oversight This study is part of the multimodal ZORRO study. ZORRO is a national study conducted by the CEIP-A in the Nantes University Hospital, aiming to evaluate the overall impact of zolpidem regulatory change on the prescription of hypnotic/sedative and anxiolytic medications. The whole trial included data from physicians, patients and users and took place from 25 July 2018 to 28 January 2020 for the final data collection date for primary outcome measure. The ZORRO study combines (i) an epidemiological perspective with an analysis of the French national health claims database  [14, 15]  and (ii) a clinical perspective with investigations of 449 participants: 206 general practitioners (GPs) and 243 problematic consumers of zolpidem (patients of GPs' offices or users of specialized centers of drug addiction).
The present study is from the clinical perspective and evaluated the perception of the new regulation of zolpidem prescription among GPs. Results from the clinical evaluation of problematic consumers will be presented in another publication. The study was funded by a grant from the ANSM and was monitored by a multidisciplinary steering committee with pharmacologists, psychiatrists specialized in addiction, pharmacoepidemiologists and general practitioners. The Committee for the Protection of the Population and the Committee (CPP) of expertise in research, studies and evaluations in the field of health approved this study (CPP favorable advice number: 2018-A01070-55 from 18 May 2018). The study was registered at www. clinicaltrial. gov under the reference NCT03584542. The study protocol is available as an open publication  [13].
Study Procedures Identified GPs were called by phone for a short questionnaire. The telephone interviews took place between 25 July 2018 and 5 November 2019. An ad hoc questionnaire was built by a multidisciplinary committee and the questionnaire was tested beforehand on a sample of physicians in order to ensure its acceptability and feasibility. Data were collected regarding (i) GP characteristics, such as duration of activity and city of practice; (ii) the perception of the measure by GPs; and (iii) the therapeutic strategy towards zolpidem prescription. For the assessment of perceptions related to the new regulation, GPs were asked, "Which of the following expressions best represent your state of mind when you took notice of the regulatory change?"; one or more answers were possible:.