dataesr/scientific-paragraphs-categorization huggingface dataset:
The inquiry was set up as a hermeneutic process based on the participation of the research group's members at several meetings with the residents committee about different topics concerning urban planning: population, infrastructure, city development, housing, services and so on. This enabled us to understand the sense of the words that people used when they spoke about their landscapes and described their places, so that we could manage and process the collected data within an ethnographic perspective. The data collected in the fieldwork, consisting of word expressions, images, visuals and places, were analysed by following the meaning associations and identifying analogies in order to grasp the manifold themes and issues that landscape perception brought to light: the relationships between the inhabitants and their territory, as well as the deeper reasons to live there; the individuation of relevant or critical places; the symbolic value of certain views and elements; the material and symbolic dimensions of the landscape as the element in common for the different cultures inhabiting it.
Among these themes, in the perspective of this paper, fieldwork data will be presented to assist in the discussion of dwelling choices and the transformations that these choices can yield and/or influence. In order to investigate the cultural dimension of the dynamics of the territorial transformations properly, and especially to connect them with what emerged from the empirical consistency of visual data collected in the field and during the many field walks, the issues investigated through the survey offer a deep analysis of the individual experiences that connect people to the territory they inhabit and thus to the landscape they perceive. In particular, the landscape description allows us to grasp the mainly residential role of Roncegno T. as part of everyday commuting within the broader territory.
Starting from the research materials, it has been possible to understand the ways of life and dwelling cultures, as well as the housing settlements, as factors that not only shape and produce the landscape (according to  Lefebvre, 1974; Cosgrove, 1984; Debarbieux, 2007)  but also show a territory's multiple directions and perspectives of transformation. The data will be also presented in order to verify the links between residential buildings types, the use of the space they underlie and how they affect the way of living in a territory.
Introduction: Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome (LEMS) is a rare autoimmune disorder affecting the neuromuscular junction, clinically characterized by proximal muscle weakness and autonomic changes. LEMS is often associated with an underlying tumor (paraneoplastic form) but also occurs in the absence of cancer (idiopathic form). Treatment consists of immunomodulation (immunosuppression), anticancer treatment when carcinoma is present, and symptomatic treatment [acetylcholinesterase inhibitors and potassium channel blockers, e. g. , amifampridine (3,4-diaminopyridine, i. e. , 3,4-DAP), to improve neurotransmission]. Although there has long been information from case reports, several randomized controlled trials, and treatment guidelines, population data are still scarce. Methods: The LEMS patient registry was launched in the European community in mid-2010 as a voluntary, multinational, observational, non-interventional program to collect structured empirical data on clinical course, treatment utilization, and safety and efficacy from the use of LEMS-specific treatments.
Forced vital capacity (FVC) should be assessed at regular intervals to detect and evaluate the extent of any progressive worsening of muscular weakness. PFTs were performed for registry patients according to standard pulmonary testing practices, and percent of predicted values relative to normal subjects were derived, when possible, for key parameters [forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV 1 ) and FVC] using published normative data  [25] , taking into account patient's sex, age, and height. Information on health status was obtained periodically using the EuroQoL 5D (EQ-5D), a widely employed health status questionnaire  [26]. The EuroQoL 5D assesses an individual's daily functioning via an Investigator's rating of a patient's ability to perform each of 12 activities as either normal/as expected or reduced/limited.
Data Analysis The database used for analysis consisted of all available data for any assessments that were Assessment data are summarized using descriptive methods only using means, standard deviations (SD), medians, quartiles, and ranges (min, max). Due to the observational and non-interventional nature of the registry program, no attempts will be made to perform inferential statistical evaluation. When statistical data are presented as pooled data, data will be combined from all available patients in the four treatment groups. Four patients have been discontinued from the registry. Three patients, all who had received 3,4-DAP, were treated as discontinued from the registry due to death. Two deaths were the result of cardiac arrest. The third death was the result of renal failure followed by multi-organ failure.
Status of Patients at Enrollment The CMAP amplitude parameter assessed during EMG evaluation, along with autoantibody testing (Ca v 2. 1 P/Q-type VGCC) and a clinical evaluation of symptoms, were the primary methods used to confirm the diagnosis of LEMS. Results were positive (?ve) at baseline for 19 of the 21 patients for whom VGCC data were available in the overall registry population. Associated titers ranged from 32. 0 to 735. 0 pmol/L (mean 302. 9 pmol/L, SD 249. 87).
13 centers), and Spain (2 centers) are collected and tabulated. Specific clinical and laboratory assessments collected during participation in the registry are further described below. Assessment data are continually entered by clinical sites into a centralized registry database via a validated web-portal application. Classification and Tracking of LEMS-Specific and LEMS-Related Treatments Treatment information was collected at the time of patient enrollment. Due to the observational, non-interventional nature of the LEMS registry, patients may have been newly diagnosed with LEMS at the time of enrollment or may have been previously diagnosed and treated for varying lengths of time. Treatment information was organized to reflect that patients could be on different LEMS treatments at different times, both before and/or after the time of enrollment, and all changes in treatments (drug, dose, start/ stop) were made at the discretion of the treating physician and this information was recorded in the registry database.
( 13 centers), and Spain (2 centers) are collected and tabulated. Specific clinical and laboratory assessments collected during participation in the registry are further described below. Assessment data are continually entered by clinical sites into a centralized registry database via a validated web-portal application. Classification and Tracking of LEMS-Specific and LEMS-Related Treatments Treatment information was collected at the time of patient enrollment. Due to the observational, non-interventional nature of the LEMS registry, patients may have been newly diagnosed with LEMS at the time of enrollment or may have been previously diagnosed and treated for varying lengths of time. Treatment information was organized to reflect that patients could be on different LEMS treatments at different times, both before and/or after the time of enrollment, and all changes in treatments (drug, dose, start/ stop) were made at the discretion of the treating physician and this information was recorded in the registry database.
2003) , and samples from T. succulenta from Madeira and Porto Santo were sister to each other and clustered separately from Canarian species. However, when  Archibald et al. (2006)  applied an automated analysis of ISSR loci to a larger Tolpis dataset composed mainly of Canarian accessions and including only one sample of T. succulenta from Madeira, the ensuing topologies did not show support for the ancestral nodes and displayed incongruences at the deeper levels. Crawford et al. (2006) , while studying the allozyme genetic variation among species of Tolpis in the Canary Islands, observed that it was generally similar to other insular endemics i. e. low genetic diversity within species, a relatively high proportion of the diversity among populations, and low divergence among species. In summary, although recent progress has more clearly resolved the evolutionary relationships between Tolpis species endemic to the Azores and Madeira, there is still a knowledge gap regarding population genetic structure and genetic diversity of those species.
Microsatellites development, selection and genotyping Microsatellite isolation was accomplished at the Savannah River Ecology Lab (University of Georgia) using DNA extracted from fresh leaves of T. azorica from Sa ˜o Miguel Island following the enrichment procedure described in  Glenn and Schable (2005) , with the exceptions described in  Lance et al. (2010). Sequences were subjected to a 3 0 quality trim where only one base in the last 25 bases of the sequence contains a quality score less than 20 or alternatively contains one ambiguous base. CAP3 (Huag and Madan 1999) was then used to assemble sequences at 98 % sequence identity using a minimal overlap of 75 bp. Along with singlets, contigs of two or three sequences were searched for the presence of microsatellite DNA loci using the program MSATCOMMANDER ver.
(Figure  2d ). In Madeira, no structure was obtained (data not shown). The PCoA analysis of the T. azorica dataset clearly revealed three main groups corresponding to Sa ˜o Miguel populations, Central Group populations and Western Group populations (60. 7 % of total variance explained by the first two factors; Fig. 3 ). Regarding T. succulenta, Azores populations clustered on the right side of the graph, while the individuals from Madeira clustered on the left (71. 3 % of total variance explained by the first two factors; Fig. 4 ). Moreover, in the Azores, the two Graciosa populations were distinct and clearly separated from those of the Eastern Group (Fig. 4 ). Following STRUCTURE results, three AMOVA analyses with different grouping criteria were used to detect which of these criteria resulted in the highest percentage of variation among groups (Table  4 ): (i) populations in two groups, according to the currently accepted taxonomic units (T.
azorica and T. succulenta) accounted for the lowest percentage of variation among groups (3. 4 %); (ii) populations in five groups, according to the global analysis from STRUCTURE, resulted in an increase in the percentage of variation among groups (29. 9 %); and (iii) populations in eight groups, based on the subgroup analysis from STRUCTURE, lead to the highest percentage of variation among groups (39. 4 %). The Mantel tests conducted with the Azorean T. azorica and T. succulenta, as well as with the Madeiran T. succulenta datasets, resulted in a correlation between the genetic and geographic distances of R = 0. 789, P = 0. 010 for T. azorica and R = 0. 729, P = 0. 020 for T. succulenta in the Azores (Fig. 5a, b ), while no significant correlation was retrieved for the Madeiran dataset (R = 0.
070, P = 0. 420). The spatial analysis conducted with BARRIER on the Azorean populations of T. azorica indicated that the firstorder barrier to gene flow was located between the Western and Central groups, while the second was located between the Central and Eastern groups (Fig. 6a ). This is in agreement with the lack of gene flow that was generally found among the populations of the three sub-archipelagos (i. e. Western Group, Central Group, Eastern Group) using the formula M = 2Nm where M is the number of migrants, Nm is the estimated gene flow and no gene flow occurs when M \ 2 (Fig. 7a ). In the T. succulenta dataset, the first-order barrier was located between the Graciosa island populations and the second-order barrier was located between Graciosa and Sa ˜o Miguel and Sta. Maria islands (Fig.
Conclusions In agreement with previous studies, T. succulenta appears to be polyphyletic, since the Azorean populations have a distinctive genetic pattern when compared to T. succulenta from Madeira, while T. azorica needs further work to clarify whether other taxonomic units exist in the Azores. In the future, the current dataset should be expanded to include populations from Porto Santo, and specific SSR primers should be developed for T. macrorhiza because the primers used for other species in this study were not transferable to this species.
Statistical analysis All statistical analyses were performed using SAS version 9. 1 (SAS Institute Inc. , Cary, NC 25513). p values <0. 05 were considered statistically significant. Continuous variables are expressed as median  [range]. Comparisons of antibody levels between HC, CeD patients, and CI patients were performed by analysis of variance (ANOVA) after rank transformation. Post-hoc analyses were done using Bonferroni correction. The interrelation between anti-Hwp1 antibodies and transglutaminase IgA and IgG, anti-gliadin IgA and IgG, and anti-deamidated gliadin IgA and IgG, and the association between changes in antibody titers and adherence to a GFD, were assessed using Spearman's correlation coefficient. Comparisons according to GFD adherence were performed using the Mann-Whitney U test.
The correlation observed between anti-Hwp1 and anti-gliadin antibodies (Table  1 ) further supports the observation that anti-Hwp1 antibody levels are linked to anti-gliadin antibody levels during both CI and CeD. This suggests that human antigen-presenting cells/T-cells may induce cross-reactivity towards both processed antigens in the two pathologic circumstances represented by CeD and CI. Additional evidence was obtained from sera obtained sequentially from patients during CI. In patients who produced an IgG response against Hwp1 following CI, anti-gliadin levels increased in parallel. Together, these data suggest that fungal Hwp1 protein may be recognized by the human immune system in a similar way to gliadin, which induces CeD in genetically-predisposed individuals with the HLADQ2/8 genotype  [33].
Acknowledgments This work is dedicated to the memory of  Professor José Ponton. The authors wish to acknowledge the contribution of  Nadine François  for serum bank management,  Dr Nicolas de Suray  for his dedication and involvement to this work,  Drs Nadine Cerf-Bensussan ,  Renata Polakowska Malika Baldwick  and  Bana Jabri  for reviewing the manuscript and helpful discussions, and  Dr Dominique Deplanque  for his exchanges with the  Ethics Committee of Lille University hospital. The research leading to these results has received funding from the  European Community 's  Seventh Framework Programme  ( FP7-2007-2013) under HEALTH-F2-2010-260338-ALLFUN. Disclosure: parts of this work (ELISA data) were presented orally ( D. Poulain ) at The 10 th  American Society for Microbiology Conference on Candida and Candidiasis.
Still, the category of water body changes from category II (the upper parts of the river) into category I at positions which were specified according to the master plan of Johann Gottfried Tulla  in the 19th century. This study presents the results from the project TRAN-SRISK, which was realized between 2008 and 2011 in collaboration between CRESAT (Centre de Recherche sur les Economies, les Sociétés, les Arts et les Techniques) of the University de Haute Alsace in Mulhouse funded by the French Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR-07-FRAL-025) and the Department of Physical Geography of the Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg founded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG-Gl 358/5-1).
Results The highly spatiotemporal-resolved data set and the detailed information on damages and impacts on the society lead to two main interpretations. First, different types of spatial flood occurrences were classified into five major groups and the underlying meteorological causes were determined. There is evidence about the changes of these underlying causes and changes in seasonality of the flood occurrences in the context of the overall climatic change debate. A second part deals with the vulnerability of HQ100 (HQ X = discharge with a statistical annuality of X years) events and the possibility of incorporation of historical information into modern, integrated flood risk management. There is also another example about technical alterations regarding the city of Mulhouse.
Vulnerability analysis Historical sources provide not only information about floods and climate but also about damages and impacts on society, which can be used to analyze the vulnerability and resilience aspects. Both, hazards and vulnerability are fundamental elements of risk analysis. One major task of the TRANSRISK project is to bridge modern and historical information. While there are convincing examples concerning flood events and hazard analysis, the concepts to evaluate vulnerability are subject of recent and future research. Integrating historical gauging data for definition of return periods like the mega-flood of 2002 in Dresden leads to a significantly changed reassessment of this important parameter. Taking the gauging data from 1879 to 2002 into account in comparison to merely using the data for the time period from 1936 to 2002 changes the return period from HQ1000 to HQ150  (Grünewald, 2010).
, 2007; Di Rienzo et al. , 2014c; Mateo et al. , 2015b). We scored the quality of these studies using the Single-Case Experimental Design (SCED) scale  (Tate et al. , 2008) , the 3 min critical appraisal for case series  (Chan and Bhandari, 2011)  and the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale  (Maher et al. , 2003; de Morton, 2009). The SCED scores were 5/10 (  Grangeon et al. , 2010 , 2012a ) and 3/10 (Pfurtscheller et al. , 2000; Müller-Putz et al. , 2005; Rohm et al. , 2013). The absence of a baseline and statistical analysis explained the difference in score. Similarly, the control case series studies all had a 5/10 PEDro score. We note that PEDro scores below 6/10, have been considered as low quality  (Paci et al. , 2010). Only the two case series studies were evaluated as having so-called high quality  (Chan and Bhandari, 2011).
The development of further genetic databases and tools for manipulating these organisms and others across the diversity of eukaryotes will provide experimental data to contextualize fundamental cellular traits and to between different "chromalveolate" lineages. These studies suggest that an endosymbiosis of a red alga initially occurred within the cryptophyte algae and that this plastid was then acquired by other lineages (such as dinoflagellates, haptophytes, stramenopiles) through higher-order endosymbioses (tertiary or quaternary; see Figure  2Biii ;  Stiller et al. , 2014). There are even more complex endosymbiotic events known. Some dinoflagellates, for example, have lost their original plastids (presumably from red algae) and replaced them with ones derived from other photosynthetic algae (haptophytes, stramenopiles, and green algae) in a process termed "serial endosymbiosis"  (Burki et al.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We thank  H. Goodson ,  T. Simmen , and  J. Hirst  for critical reading of the manuscript. A. T. is supported by a  Biotechonology and Biological Sciences Reserach Council (BBSRC)   Research grant :  BB/ M009971/1. R. G. D. is supported by a postdoctoral research fellowship from the  Mairie de Paris. E. R. is supported by a  Graduate Recruitment Scholarship  from the  University of Alberta Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry  and funds to  J. B. D. from  Alberta Innovates Technology Futures. K. Z. is supported by a summer studentship from  Alberta Innovates Health Solutions , and  J. B. D. is the  Canada Research Chair in Evolutionary Cell Biology. The quotation in the title of this Perspective is from  Charles Darwin  (The Origin of Species, 1859).
Deployment Example There may be many different choices to deploy HDCRAM. In this section, we only take one possible HDCRAM deployment method as an example, to introduce the deployment of HDCRAM, as shown in Figure  2. It comprises a GPP, a DSP, a FPGA, and a Zynq based device. A straightforward way is placing the level 1 manager on the GPP, and maybe multiple level 2 and level 3 management units on it. A level 2 management unit and multiple level 3 management units are deployed on DSP, FPGA, as well as Zynq. An embedded processing core Microblaze is employed on the FPGA with the level 2 management unit on it. A PE may be hardware in logic or software on Microblaze. Therefore, a level 3 management unit that is in charge of managing a PE may also be hardware or software, or part of it is software executed on Microblaze and another part is hardware.
Therefore, we utilize the PCAP method. Different functions can be designed to share the hardware PL by dynamic full and partial reconfiguration in the field. The generated full and partial bitstreams can be stored in a database. Each function has a full bitstream and several partial bitstreams depending on the real needs. Figure  5  illustrates the storage organization of the BIN files database. The reconfiguration bitstreams are stored in the database on the host computer. The full or partial bitstreams can be remotely downloaded through Ethernet to change the functionality of the complete or pre-defined regions of PL on the fly as needed. They can also be stored on the SD card on the ZC702 evaluation board if the level 2 management works standalone. It is also possible to dynamically download new full and partial bitstreams through Ethernet to update the database.
Evaluation of performance and power consumption of FIR filter implementations Take a 32-tap FIR filter as an example, which is implemented on PS and on PL respectively. The operations are executed in serial on PS, but on PL, the FIR filter could be implemented in serial or in parallel. And the hardware serial and parallel implementations of the FIR filter reuse the PL logic by taking advantage of the PR. After generating the full and partial bitstreams for the PL following the PR design flow, we store them in the database on the host as shown in Figure  7. A blank full bitstream is also generated to clear the PL to save power if the PL part is not needed, which is stored in NOPL folder. Table  1  shows the resource available in the reconfigurable region and used by the FIR filter. The serial implementation consumes less resource, and it uses 2 DSP48E1s, which is 32 times less than the     The timing overhead of full and partial reconfiguration should also be considered.
In order to clearly and visibly observe the results, we have sent amount of data to the implemented software and hardware FIR filter. Each time we sent 4096 32-bit integers and then repeat 2000 times. When the hardware approach is chosen, the data are transferred between PS and PL by DMA approach. Table  4  gives the total time consumed by software and hardware implementations of the FIR filter. We can see that although the hardware approaches consume much less time than the software way, the hardware parallel implementation is not as fast as expected more than 32 times faster than the serial implementation, which is because the overhead of data transmission between PS and PL. It takes some time when the data and commands are transmitted from user space to Linux driver and then to the hardware.