dataesr/scientific-paragraphs-categorization huggingface dataset:
Randomization and allocation. Each patient received a unique patient number and a randomization number (patient code). For each subsequent patient, the anesthesiologist connected to an Interactive Web Response System managed by an independent Contract Research Organization (https:// www. ab-plus. com/) using a protected password just before the nerve block. This system gives the result of the preceding patient (success or failure based on the primary criterion) and provides the volume to be injected from a predefined list established before the beginning of the protocol. The software used to allocate the patients into groups was also used to collect data from the investigator in real-time through an electronic report form, ensuring concealment.
Data collection. The evaluation of sensory and motor function after the median nerve block was performed using cold and light touch tests and the index flexion test. Sensory block was evaluated through a contralateral comparison of cold sensation elicited by ice and light touch sensation performed on the palmar aspect of the two distal phalanges of the index finger and on the thenar eminence. The sensory rating was quantified as follows for each test: normal sensation = 0, reduced sensation = 1, and total loss of sensation = 2. The motor examination was performed by asking the patient to flex the two distal index phalanges and scored as follows: no loss of strength = 0; reduced strength in comparison with the contralateral index finger = 1; and total immobility = 2. Sensory and motor assessments were performed every 5 min for 30 min after needle removal and at 45 min in case of median nerve block failure (i.
Results Fifty-two patients were enrolled in the two centers from May 2015 to October 2018, the first 17 patients were from center 1, and the others were from center 2. Six patients were excluded for the following reasons: incomplete consent (two patients), protocol deviation (3 patients) and intraneural injection (one patient). Consequently, 46 patients were analyzed (Fig. 1 ). The demographic data and surgical procedures are summarized in A successful median nerve block within 30 min, our primary criterion, was obtained in 38 cases (82. 6%) with an onset time of 20. 0 [10. 0-21. 2] minutes (95% CI 15-20). The reported onset times of a complete block according to the sensory and motor tests used were highly variable (Fig. 2 ). The relationship between the volume of LA administered and block onset time was highly variable regardless of the administered volume (p = 0.
5-4. 0]. Successful median nerve block was obtained in 38 cases (82. 6%) with median onset time of 20. 0 [10. 0-21. 2] minutes (95% CI 15-20). The analgesia duration was 248 [208-286] minutes (95% CI 222-276). Using an ultrasound-guided hydrodissection technique with DW5, the MEAV95 to block the median nerve at the elbow with 2% lidocaine with epinephrine was 4 ml [IQR 3. 5-4. 0]. This volume is close to that usually recommended in clinical practice. Trial registration clinicaltrials. gov. NCT02438657, Date of registration: May 8, 2015.
Statistical Analysis The descriptive analyses were performed using SPSS 16. 0 (SPSS Inc, Chicago, IL, USA). The resistance results were transformed into binary data for identification of the respective resistance profiles and subsequent cluster analysis. Profiles were analyzed as categorical data in Bio Numerics 7. 6 (Applied Maths, Sint-Martens-Latem, Belgium), and a dendrogram was constructed using the different values coefficient and Ward method. The SE-AFLP and PFGE fingerprint patterns were analyzed with BioNumerics 7. 6 (Applied Maths, Sint-Martens-Latem, Belgium) to generate dendrogram using the Dice coefficient and UPGMA (unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean) method. For SE-AFLP analysis, a 90% genetic similarity cut-off value was applied to analyze the resulting clusters; for the PFGE cluster analysis, the isolates were considered in different pulsotypes when they differed by four or more bands  [26].
01. The values were then log transformed  (Gries 2010; Baayen 2001: 32) , scaled and centred (using the scale function in R). We then binned the data into three classes: high, mid and low as 8 shown in Figure  4. 8  The cuts are -1. 3 and 0. 2 (which correspond to 0. 06 and 27 per 10. 000 words), and they are meant to respect the form of the distribution and allow apical sounds to have items in all three frequency levels. Although data-driven, this decision is necessarily arbitrary given the lack of comparable studies on Basque. 9 The choice of the variables PLACE_ETYM and MANNER also requires some comments. An alternative approach would be to have a variable representing the etymological sound with four levels (/s̻ /, /s̺ /, /ts̻ /, /ts̺ /). However, this approach is not feasible as the low number of affricate sibilants (and especially of apicoalveolar affricates) in our dataset would cause some interactions to have very few tokens.
Neutralisation tendencies and the role of context and lexical effects As regards the first question (Q1), our analysis suggests that the neutralising change that would result in a merger of alveolar sibilants was still in progress in the early 18th century Basque of San Sebastián, with the merger more advanced in the affricate than in the fricative class. The neutralisation tendency of affricate sibilants is quite straightforward. Apical affricates are the most likely segments to show innovative spelling among the sibilants -most cases in our dataset being prevocalic (see Figure  S11  in the supplementary materials), while laminal affricates remain largely unchanged with very few examples of innovative spelling. This is likely the consequence of no conflicting neutralisation patterns being found in the affricate class: the apical affricate becomes a laminal in both the Western and the Central pattern, and this is the only merger affecting affricates found in the area during the 19th and 20th centuries.
Under this account, we would expect the Western merger to be a sound change from below (cf. Labov 1994) that would gradually extend following a hierarchical model structure, but the hypercorrections that gave rise to the Central merger would be a case of a change from above, and thus its isogloss could show an uneven geographic spread, potentially with greater presence in urban areas than in rural areas  (Zuloaga 2020). As a final note, we want to emphasise that we were only able to understand our graphematic data by interpreting our results on the grounds of current theories of phonetically based sound change. Quantitative approaches to historical phonological datasets offer an attractive (although narrow) window into the intermediate steps of attested historical sound change. Nevertheless, we can only be able to understand what we observe by benefiting from an articulated theory of sound change, rooted in typological observations as well as in tested phonetic biases.
The research reported in this paper was funded by the following projects: " Monumenta Linguae Vasconum VI " ( PID2020-118445GB-I00 ), " Modern approaches to diachronic phonology applied to Basque (MADPAB) " ( ANR-20-CE27-0007 ) and " Diachronic Linguistics, Typology and the History of Basque " ( IT1534-22 ). Data and code used in this paper as well as supplementary materials are available at https://osf. io/t6a7w/.
FUV-CD. Far-UV circular dichroism spectra were measured on a Jasco J-810 spectropolarimeter equipped with a Peltier temperature control unit at 25˚C. The samples were dissolved in PBS pH 7. 4 at a protein concentration of 0. 1-0. 2 mg/mL. The spectra were collected between 200 and 250 nm with an average of 3 scans and the data at each wavelength were averaged for 8 s. The sample cell path length was 1 mm. The CD data were converted to mean residue ellipticity, expressed in deg cm 2 dmol -1 by applying the following formula: Y ¼ Y obs ðMRWÞ=10L½C� where Θ is the observed ellipticity in degrees, the MRW is the mean residue weight of the protein (molecular weight divided by the number of amino acids), [C] is the protein concentration in mg/mL, and L is the optical path length in centimeters. Spectra were recorded at 25˚C, at 95˚C and after melting in samples heated at 95˚C and cooled back to 25˚C as elsewhere reported  [23].
The Xevo G2-S QTof (Waters) was operated in the ESI positive ion, resolution mode, with a detection window between 50-2000 m/z. Analysis were performed at a capillary voltage of 1. 5 kV, at a cone voltage of 40. 0 V and source offset of 80 V. MS E acquisition was performed by alternating two MS data functions: one for the acquisition of the peptide mass spectra with the collision cell at low energy (6 eV) and the other for the collection of the peptide fragmentation spectra with the collision cell at elevated energy (linear ramp 20 to 40 eV). Analyses were performed with LockSpray™ using a solution of 1 ng/μL LeuEnk MS in 50: 50 (v/v) water/ CH 3 CN containing 0. 1% formic acid, sampled every 45 s. MS E data were processed with Mas-sLynx and BiopharmaLynx 1. 3. 4 Software (Waters). Trypsin was set up as the digest reagent and 2 missed cleavages were allowed.
Identification of PEGylation site of PEG-DH-CNTF To experimentally identify the site of polymer conjugation, trypsin digestion of PEG-DH-CNTF and mass spectrometry analysis were performed. DH-CNTF was used as reference and treated under the same conditions. The LC-MS E raw data were processed with Bio-pharmaLynx. A protein sequence coverage of 72% and 78% was found for DH-CNTF and PEG-DH-CNTF, respectively, and the identity of most of the found peptides was confirmed by b/y fragment ions (S1 File). Almost all the native DH-CNTF tryptic fragments were identified, except for the cysteine-lacking fragments F12 [90-133] and F22  [190] [191] [192] [193] [194] [195] [196] [197] [198] [199] [200] , anyhow not relevant for the analysis. In the overlapped BPI chromatograms, extracted from MassLynx, each peak was matched to a peptide fragment and the profile of DH-CNTF digestion was compared to that of the PEGylated protein (Fig  4 ).
Anti-diabetic effect of PEGylated DH-CNTF DH-CNTF has been reported to possess anti-diabetic effect by reducing either the glycemia in db/db mice model or hyperinsulinemia in ob/ob mice  [8]. Plasma insulin and glucose concentrations were significantly reduced in DIO mice treated with DH-CNTF and PEG-DH-CNTF at 1 mg/kg and 0. 2 mg/kg, respectively (Fig 9  and Table 3 ). These data indicated that PEG-DH-CNTF treatment had a favorable effect not only on weight but also on the metabolic profile of obese mice. To further explore the effects of PEG-DH-CNTF on obesity-related factors, we carried out intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (ipGTT) in DIO mice. ipGTT directly assesses glucose tolerance without being confounded by the possible alteration of incretin function. DIO mice exhibited fasting high glucose levels (159 ± 11 mg/dL, N = 6), that peaked at 454 mg/dL, 30 minutes after the intraperitoneal bolus glucose injection, indicating impaired glucose tolerance characteristic of this strain  [33]  As shown in Fig  10  and Table 4 , PEGylated DH-CNTF was able to significantly decrease the glycemic peak with a dose 5-fold lower than DH-CNTF (0.
SNP and CNV analysis Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis of hiPSC lines, compared to parental somatic cells, was used to confirm genome integrity. DNA was extracted from somatic and hiPSC samples (p23-MS573; p40-WT8288; p30-SD378M; p16-202CT) using the QIAGEN QiaAmp kit. 200 ng of gDNA were outsourced to Integragen Company (Evry, France) for karyotype analysis using HumanCore-24-v1 SNP arrays. Analysis was performed with GenomeStudio software. Chromosome abnormalities were determined by visual inspection of LogR ratio values by comparing parental cells with hiPSC-derived samples. SNP data were used to compute CNV and validate cell line parentality.
RT-qPCR Total RNA samples were isolated using the NucleoSpin RNA kit (MACHEREY-NAGEL) and their quality assessed by NanoDrop1000. One μg of total RNA was reverse transcribed using High-Capacity cDNA Reverse Transcription Kit (Applied Biosystems TM ). PCR amplification was performed using (1) FAM-labeled TaqMan probes (Applied Biosystems TM ) for pluripotency and differentiation potential, and (2) SYBRgreen master mix and primers (Applied Biosystems TM ) for SeV loss (p25-MS573; p17-WT8288; p25-SD378M). Data were normalized to ACTB or GAPDH.
Acknowledgments The authors would like to thank the  Cytometry core facility (CytoCell)  and the iPS core facility of  Nantes University , for their technical support. We are most grateful to the  Genomics and Bioinformatics Core Facility of Nantes (GenoBiRD, Biogenouest, IFB)  for its technical support. We thank the biological resource centre for biobanking ( CHU Nantes, Nantes Université, Centre de ressources biologiques  ( BB-0033-00040 )), F-44000 Nantes, France). We thank  Estelle Baron  for her technical support. This work was funded by grants from  Hôpitaux Universitaires du Grand Ouest and Fondation Maladies Rares (HUGO-FMR ;  RC17_0357  to J-B. G. ), the  INSERM  cross-cutting program GOLD (Genomic variability in health and disease to R. R. ), The  French National Research Agency  ( ANR-12-BSC1-0013-01  to F.
C. and  ANR-15-CE14-0019-01  to N. G. ), the  Fondation Genavie, La Fédération Française de Cardiologie  (to N. G. ), and  French National Research Project CHOPIN (Cholesterol Personalized Innovation)  funded by the  French National Research Agency  ( ANR-16-RHUS-0007  to B. C. ) and coordinated by the  CHU of Nantes. D. A. was funded by  GOLD program.
Objectives The main objective will be to assess the feasibility of two standardized interventions for fatigue reduction in patients with CCRm. One of the two interventions will propose a dedicated CBT and the other an hypnosis intervention. It seems essential to assess the proportion of volunteers to participate in these interventions as well as the acceptability of the programs, the method of data collection and the barriers/facilitators to the implementation of these two interventions. Therefore, several secondary objectives are planned: 1. To assess acceptance to participate in the study and reasons for refusal; 2. To identify the reasons for non-adherence to the program; 3. To highlight the barriers/facilitators to the implementation of the protocol; 4. To evaluate the relevance of the program (adapt to the patients' needs); 5.
Method and analysis Design This is a prospective, single-center, randomized interventional feasibility study. This feasibility study proposes the implementation of two intervention programs (CBT and Hypnosis) to reduce CRF. Thus, patients included in the study will be randomized into two parallel groups (ratio 1:1). Procedure is detailed below. This research will use mixed methods (both quantitative and qualitative analyses) and data triangulation. Indeed, to increase the ecological validity of the study it is necessary to cross different types of data, analyses and/or participants  (Salkind, 2010). In this study, combining a quantitative approach to program satisfaction with a qualitative approach to program experience allows us to answer complex research questions while taking advantage of the benefits and minimizing the limitations of qualitative or quantitative studies alone.
QLQ-C30 X c X c X c Feasibility 9. SEQ X c Weekly assessment information letter and consent, and will be asked to return it for cure of chemotherapy N • 1 (T0). The investigator will collect the sociodemographic (including the Score EPICES) and the medical variables. She/he will also present a web application (smartphone or tablet), available on AppStore or PlayStore ("Mon Essai Patient") from the company Exolis. Patients who are not comfortable with these tools have the option of having a paper format. This application allows to collect every data from the questionnaires, encourages the daily or weekly assessment and limits missing data because patients will receive a notification when a questionnaire must be completed. Then a clinical research associate will give the different self-questionnaires to the patient, responding her/his questions if necessary.
For the three remote sessions of the intervention, patients can choose between telephone or videoconference therapy. If patients choose video, the sessions will be conducted using a secure tele-health platform called Starleaf (https://starleaf. com/about-us/). This company was Founded in 2008 in Cambridge and provides secure meetings, messaging and calling to enterprises worldwide. Thus, the first session of a program will take place face to face, during treatment cure N • 2 (i. e. after a respected delay after the proposal to participate in the protocol), the third and the fifth respectively during chemotherapy N • 3 and N • 4 in hospital. The second, fourth and sixth sessions will take place remotely. Three therapists (one for the hypnosis and two for the CBT program) will implement the interventions and all patients will receive an.
Statistical considerations The primary outcome will be analyzed in each intervention group. The proportions of patients who adhered to each intervention program (Hypnosis and CBT) will be presented with their two-sided 95% confidence intervals (95% CI), as the proportion of patients giving consent to participate in the study among the eligible patients at the screening who were offered the study. All statistical analyses of the secondary criteria will be done by group. Categorical variables will be described by the number of observations (N) and the frequency (%). Missing categories will be counted. Quantitative variables will be described by the number of observations (N), mean, standard deviation, median, minimum, and maximum. In case of missing data no imputation method will be used. For the comparison of qualitative variables, a chi-square test or a Fisher's exact test will be used if the theoretical number of observations is <5.
For the comparison of quantitative variables, a Student's t-test or a Kruskal-Wallis test will be used. For comparisons between two time points a Wilcoxon test for paired samples will be used. The correlation between the VAS values for fatigue and the scores on the MFI-10 questionnaire will be studied using Pearson's correlation coefficient or Spearman's correlation coefficient. The evolution of VAS fatigue values over the course of treatment will be modeled using linear mixed models to account for the repeated nature of the measurements. The analysis of the QLQC-38 questionnaire will be performed according to the EORTC guidelines. All statistical tests will be two-sided and the significance level is set at 5% (i. e. , p < 0. 05). Statistical analyses will be performed with STATA v16 software and a statistical report will be provided according to the current model.
Program satisfaction will be assessed on the basis of the CSQ-8 score, SEQ evaluation of each session and put into perspective with the individual semi-structured interviews analyzed with QDA Miner. This is a mixed methods and qualitative data analysis software developed by Provalis Research. The program was designed to assist researchers in managing, coding and analyzing qualitative data. QDA Miner was first released in 2004 and the latest version 6 was released in September, 2020.
In the present study, we demonstrate that the interplay between sPLA 2 -IIA and the microbiota profoundly affects the immune system, contributing to different immune phenotypes. The intestinal and fecal lipid profile of 14-month-old and arthritic 14-week-old male mice housed in the Elite SPF+ animal facility was investigated. (A and B) Lipids were isolated from intestinal samples and identified using high-performance liquid chromatography combined with mass spectrometry. The data distributions for 14-month-old (n = 4) (A) and 14-week-old arthritic mice (n = 9-10) (B) were visualized by principal component analysis (PCA) with 99 % confidence ellipses. (C-F) An untargeted lipidomic analysis was performed using murine fecal samples. Data from 14-month-old (C) and 14-week-old arthritic mice (D) treated or not with antibiotics were visualized by PCA with 99 % confidence ellipses (n = 3-5).
Acknowledgments This work was supported by the  Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council  (awarded to EB); EB is the recipient of a senior award from the  Fonds de Recherche du Québec -Santé (FRQS). This work was also supported by  AMED   LEAP JP18gm0010003  and the  JSPS   Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Innovative Areas "LipoQuality" ( 15H05897 ) (MA). ED is the recipient of a fellowship from The  Arthritis Society  and the  FRQS. MR is the recipient of a  FRQS Junior 2 award. Address correspondence to:  Eric Boilard ,  Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Faculté de Médecine de l'Université Laval , 2705  Laurier Blvd , room  T1-49 , Québec, QC,  Canada   G1V 4G2. Phone: 418. 525. 4444 ,ext. 46175; Email: Eric. Boilard@crchudequebec. ulaval.
Methods Supplemental Methods are available online with this article. Data availability. Sequence data generated during the study that support the findings have been deposited in Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) with the accession no. GSE189441 (Figure  2 , Figure  6 , and Supplemental Figure  8 ). Statistics. Statistical analyses were performed using GraphPad Prism version 9 (GraphPad Software) or R v3. 2. 2  (135)  for the analysis of sequencing and lipidomic data. Measurements were taken from distinct biological samples, with the exception of arthritis severity assessment; in that case, severity was measured daily on each mouse by an investigator blinded to treatment groups. Statistical tests and associated corrections are reported at the end of each figure. Two-tailed unpaired t test and 1-way ANOVA were used to compare 2 groups or more, respectively.
crispatus group ASVs (average relative abundances of 35. 3% for V1 and V2 and 46. 5%  for the other time points) but not for the L. iners group (Fig. 3e ) (average relative abundances of 38. 9% for V1 and V2 and 36. 8% for the other time points). When using primers specific for L. crispatus, the absolute concentrations estimated by qPCR were in line with the fluctuations in the relative abundances (Fig. 3f ). Overall, the absolute qPCR concentrations with primers specific for L. iners also confirmed the 16S amplicon data showing that the abundance of this taxon remained relatively stable (Fig. 3f ). Differences in bacterial communities between the probiotic and placebo groups. After having documented the temporal dynamics throughout the study and menstrual cycle, we then assessed the differences between the oral yeast probiotic and placebo groups.
The study was registered at ClinicalTrails. gov (identifier NCT03574844). Three groups were included in the study, a placebo group and two probiotic groups, to which 20 participants each were allocated. Three participants were excluded from the clinical study  (36). Five other participants did not agree to the secondary use of their samples in this study and were not included here. The oral probiotic supplement evaluated in the study was provided by Gnosis by Lesaffre (business unit of Lesaffre Group, France), which is composed of 100% Saccharomyces cerevisiae CNCM I-3856, a proprietary and patented strain of Lesaffre registered in the French National Collection of Microorganisms (CNCM). Participants in the two probiotic groups were supplied with two different doses of the probiotic supplement: 2.