dataesr/scientific-paragraphs-categorization huggingface dataset:
Hygrophorus limosus Holotype. cyprUS, Prodromos, in P. nigra subsp. pallasiana and Sorbus aria forest on serpentine soil, 3 Nov. 2018, D. Markides, ML81113HL2/ MPU814001*, ITS GenBank MT981620. Diagnosis -Medium-to large-sized waxcap, very similar to Hygrophorus limacinus but producing darker and heavily glutinous basidiomata with a negative pileal reaction to alkali, a slender rooting stipe with prominent greyish brown bands, slightly larger spores (7. 5 -) 9 -12. 5(-16) × (5. 5 -)7-8. 5(-9. 5) μm, and a marked preference for serpentine substrates. Found from late October to late December in high altitude Pinus nigra subsp. pallasiana forests, on the island of Cyprus. Pileus 40 -70(-110) mm, subglobose to campanulate with a deeply involute margin when young, gradually expanding to conico-convex or plano-convex and typically maintaining a broad dark umbo in the middle; very young basidiomata buff or pale brown in colour, soon becoming dark brown and greyish brown to black towards the centre, heavily glutinous and sticky, innately fibrillose under the mucus, typically with needles and debris firmly stuck onto the cuticle when dried.
betulae, 4-spored basidia dominate. The microscopic differences between H. adiaphorus and H. betulae seem then to be gradual, with the frequency of 4-spored basidia and of clamp connections apparently correlated. In H. adiaphorus, the oil drops of basidia turn reddish in Melzer´s reagent, but this reaction was not observed in H. betulae. The two also differ in their ecology, as the holotype of H adiaphorus was collected under Picea and Abies in Wilderness State Park in Michigan (USA), whereas H. betulae is so far only found associated with Betula pubescens in the subalpine zone of Finland. The species is obviously rare and no additional ITS sequence data are available in GenBank or UNITE databases to better evaluate its morphological, micro-anatomical, ecological and biogeographical plasticity.
Holotype. USA, California, San Mateo County, Portola Redwoods State Park, along Iverson Trail in soil and duff under Pseudotsuga menziesii, Se quoia sempervirens, Arbutus menziesii, with understory of Vaccinium ovatum, N37°15'11. 2068" W122°13'15. 6864", 121 m asl, 18 Jan. 2020, C. Schwarz, UCSC-F-2171*. GenBank ITS MT981691. Diagnosis -Distinguished from H. agathosmoides and H. agathosmus by the lack of contrasting brown punctate flocculence on the upper stipe surface, the more robust habit, and its apparent association with Pseudo tsuga menziesii. Occurs along the Pacific Coast of the United States and in British Columbia, Canada.
E. Larss. , E. Campo & M. Carbone inLarsson et al. , Karstenia 54: 42. 2014 -MycoBank  MB 808838; Fig. 10d    Holotype. Finland, Koillismaa, Kuusamo, Oulanka National Park, Ampumavaara. In moist Picea abies dominated mixed forest, growing among fruiting bodies of Tricholoma inamoenum, 18 Aug. 2009, Calledda, Pini, Boerio & Carbone, TUR-A 190791. GenBank ITS KJ720198.
Fr. , Epicr. Syst. Mycol. Basionym. Agaricus tephroleucus Pers. , Synopsis Methodica Fungorum: 351. 1801, nom. sanct. Obligate synonym. Limacium tephroleucum (Pers. ) P. Kumm. , Der Führer in die Pilzkunde: 119. 1871. Synonym. Hygrophorus pustulatus (Pers. ) Fr. , Epicr. Syst. Mycol. (Upsaliae): 325. 1838. Lectotype, here designated. Batsch, A. J. G. K. (1789) Elenchus Fungorum, continuatio secunda, plate 34, figure 196a (as Agaricus discors), MycoBank MBT 10001736. Epitype, here designated. Slovakia, Banskobystricky Kraj, Veporské vrchy Mts, Cierny Balog, Dobrocsky´ prales Nature Reserve, in Picea dominated mixed coniferous forest, 7 Oct. 2008, E. Larsson, EL223-08/GB0207586, MycoBank MBT 10001737, GenBank ITS KJ720197. In support of the lectotype designated above.
Hesler & A. H. Sm. , North Ameri can  Species of Hygrophorus: 384. 1963-MycoBankMB 332239; UNITE SH1703880. 08FU;Fig. 7cSynonym. Hygrophorus olivaceoalbus var. intermediusHesler & A. H. Sm. , North American Species of Hygrophorus: 293. 1963. Holotype. USa, Idaho, Custer Co. , Cape Horn Summit, Boise National  Forest, 44. 3638 -115. 2678, 25 Aug. 1954, A. H. Smith & Bigelow, AHS46726/ MICH5572*, ITS GenBank MT981636.
tUrkey, Giresun-Kümbet plateau, under Picea orientalis,N40°33'30. 71" E38°25'59. 58",1717N40°33'30. 71"E38°25'59. 58",m asl, 8 Oct. 2010, E. Sesli, KATO Fungi 2976*, GenBank ITS MT981608. Diagnosis -Characterised by a pale brown to olive and convex to plane pileus. Over time, it may become ochre or slightly pinkish brown, pale or dark brown, and slightly umbonate or umbilicate. It also can be distinguished by its glutinous and generally splitting margin, decurrent, very distant and snow-white lamellae; a cylindrical, usually curved, lubricous to glutinous, mottled, pale grey, olive-brown and arachnoid universal-veiled stipe; typically a fungal odour and indistinct taste; ellipsoid, on average 11. 1 × 6. 9 μm basidiospores; 57. 5 × 13 μm, clavate, 2 -4-spored basidia; 46 -82 × 18 -30 μm, clavate, pyriform or globose cystidioid elements on lamellar faces and strict association with Picea orientalis.
Hesler & A. H. Sm. , North American Species of Hygrophorus: 280. 1963 -MycoBank MB 547470; Fig. 7f Holotype. USA, California, Humboldt Co. , Trinidad, Patrick's Point State Park, 41. 13611-124. 15139, on soil under Picea, 15 Dec. 1956, A. H. Smith & White, AHS56693 /MICH10968 (isotype TENN-F-024107)*, ITS GenBank MN243183.
Lebeuf, E. Larss. &Bellanger,sp. Etymology. Refers to its similarity to Hygrophorus pustulatus. Holotype. canada, Quebec, Saint-Casimir, route du Rang Saint-Jérôme, in young Picea glauca plantation, in calcareous soil, in litter, N46°39'21. 28"W72°10'41. 16",39 m asl, 15 Oct. 2018, R. Lebeuf, HRL2832/DAOM984764* (isotype LIP), ITS GenBank MT981658. Diagnosis -Medium-sized agaric fruiting in mid-to late fall under Picea spp. resembling Hygrophorus pustulatus, but differing from it by its nonsquamulose pileus centre, microscopically by its less inflated thin-walled hyphae in the lamellar trama and by range restricted to North America. Context white, thin, thicker toward the disk; odour indistinct, taste mild. Spore deposit white. Hymenopodium undifferentiated. Cystidioid ele ments not found.
Acknowledgements The authors are grateful to the following individual contributors for kindly providing us with material analysed in the present work:  A. Antonis ,  K. Bendiksen ,  A. Bidaud ,  E. Bohus Jensen ,  D. Borgarino ,  R. Boyer † , F. D. Calonge ,  J. -M. Coquelle ,  L. Deparis ,  G. G. Eyjólfsdóttir ,  A. Gasch Illescas ,  L. Goodwin ,  B. Henne ,  J. Kleine ,  S. Krstic ,  H. Lambert ,  Y. Lamoureux ,  C. Lécuru ,  B. Lefebvre † , D. Markides ,  J. -M. Moingeon ,  J. Olson ,  J. A. Oria de Rueda ,  A. D. Parker ,  A. Paul ,  J. Rodriguez ,  L. Romero de la Osa ,  N. Siegel ,  S. Svantesson ,  R. A. Swenie ,  K. Timvios ,  R. G. Thorn ,  S. Trudell  and  F. Valade. We also warmly thank the curators of the following herbaria, who sent us precious material, including types, for study and sequencing: ACAD, AH, AMNH, C, CMMF, H, K, LIP, LUG, MA,  MICH ,  MPU , O, PC, TENN and  UPS.
The typification of H. glutinifer has been kindly provided by  C. Papetti , who is here sincerely acknowledged. Samples sequenced by the first author were prepared at the  Service of Genetic Markers in the Functional and Evolutive Ecology Centre (GEMEX-CEFE) of Montpellier (Head: Marie-Pierre Dubois). Financial support was received from The  Swedish Taxonomy Initiative ,  SLU Artdatabanken, Uppsala (EL)  and the  Karadeniz Technical University  (BAP:  FAT-2017-7044 , ES).
, Herb. France 6: t. 258. 1786, nom. illeg. (non A. glutinosus Schaeff. , 1774). Obligate synonyms. Agaricus albobrunneus f. glutinosus Fr. , Syst. Mycol. 1: 37. 1821, nom. sanct. Synonyms. Hygrophorus dichrous Kühner & Romagn. , Flore Analytique des Champignons Supérieurs: 60. 1953, nom. inval. (art. 41. 5 and 41. 6); Hygrophorus persoonii Arnolds, Persoonia 10 (3): 365. 1979. Lectotype, here designated. Bulliard, J. -B. P. (1786) Herbier de la France, vol. 6: t. 258 (as Agaricus glutinosus), MycoBank MBT 10001729. Epitype, here designated. France, Savoie, Saint-Jean-de-Chevelu, in a Quercus pubescens woodland with Buxus sempervirens on calcareous soil, 23 Oct. 2000, P. A. Moreau, LIP0401690*, MycoBank MBT 10001730, GenBank ITS MG882080. In support of the lectotype designated above. Notes (in collaboration with C.
Fr. , Epicr. Syst. Mycol. Basionym. Agaricus tephroleucus Pers. , Synopsis Methodica Fungorum: 351. 1801, nom. sanct. Obligate synonym. Limacium tephroleucum (Pers. ) P. Kumm. , Der Führer in die Pilzkunde: 119. 1871. Synonym. Hygrophorus pustulatus (Pers. ) Fr. , Epicr. Syst. Mycol. (Upsaliae): 325. 1838. Lectotype, here designated. Batsch, A. J. G. K. (1789) Elenchus Fungorum, continuatio secunda, plate 34, figure 196a (as Agaricus discors), MycoBank MBT 10001736. Epitype, here designated. Slovakia, Banskobystricky Kraj, Veporské vrchy Mts, Cierny Balog, Dobrocsky´ prales Nature Reserve, in Picea dominated mixed coniferous forest, 7 Oct. 2008, E. Larsson, EL223-08/GB0207586, MycoBank MBT 10001737, GenBank ITS KJ720197. In support of the lectotype designated above. (Upsaliae): 325. 1838 -MycoBank MB 191619; UNITE SH1411532.
Hesler & A. H. Sm. , North Ameri can  Species of Hygrophorus: 384. 1963-MycoBankMB 332239; UNITE SH1703880. 08FU;Fig. 7cSynonym. Hygrophorus olivaceoalbus var. intermediusHesler & A. H. Sm. , North American Species of Hygrophorus: 293. 1963. Holotype. USa, Idaho, Custer Co. , Cape Horn Summit, Boise National  Forest, 44. 3638 -115. 2678, 25 Aug. 1954, A. H. Smith & Bigelow, AHS46726/ MICH5572*, ITS GenBank MT981636. Taxonomic description -Hesler & Smith (1963), pp. 384 - 385 (H. fuscoalboides) and pp. 293-294 (H. olivaceoalbus var. intermedius).
Holotype. Finland, Koillismaa, Kuusamo, Liikasenvaara, Sirkkapuro, fairly rich spruce forest near Siikauopaja, 29 Aug. 1977, M. Korhonen & T. Ulvinen, H6035782*, ITS GenBank MT981641. Harmaja, Karstenia 25 (2): 42. 1985 -MycoBank MB 103452; UNITE SH1703879. 08FU; Fig. 7d.
Larsson, EL289-11 (isotype GB0183712), GenBank ITS MH656468. Diagnosis -Resembles H. agathosmus, but differs by producing basidiomata with more uniformly and somewhat darker greyish brown coloured pileus. Mainly distributed in southern Europe and associated with Pinus, while H. agathosmus is more restricted to Northern Europe and associated with Picea abies. 150.
Samples were dried and analyzed by the Microflex LT MALDI-TOF MS Mass Spectrometer (Bruker Daltonics, Bremen, Germany), with detection in the linear positiveion mode at a laser frequency of 50 Hz within a mass range of 2-20 kDa. The acceleration voltage was 20 kV, and the extraction delay time was 200 ns. Each spectrum corresponded to ions obtained from 240 laser shots performed in six regions of the same spot and was automatically acquired using the AutoXecute method with the default parameters of the flexControl v3. 4 software (Bruker Daltonics, Bremen, Germany). Spectra were compared to the MBT database with 7311 MSP (Bruker Daltonics, Bremen, Germany) using the MALDI biotyper Compass Explorer v4. 1. 70. The reliability of species identification was estimated using the log score values (LSVs) obtained from the MALDI-Biotyper software, which ranged from 0 to 3.
, 2016). The 2B O3 data were sampled at 2s intervals, which corresponds to a mean distance of 150 m at the typical level flight speed of 75 m s -1. The standard TLS flight plan (Figs. 1b  and 1c ) began with a vertical profile to about 5 km a. s. l. above North Las Vegas after take-off. The aircraft then flew to Angel Peak and spiralled down around the summit to ~3 km a. s. l. (cf. Fig. 2 , bottom). From there, the aircraft headed to Jean, NV where the southernmost CCDAQ O3 monitor is located and conducted another profile. The pilot then followed the I-5 corridor before diverting south to Big Bear, CA where the aircraft landed and refuelled. The return leg began with a profile above Barstow, CA before following the I-5 corridor back to Clark County with additional profiles above Jean, Angel Peak, and North Las Vegas if fuel permitted.
3a , passed through Nevada before the official start of the campaign on 20 May, but the next three low-pressure systems labelled L2, L3, and L4 in Figs. 3b-3d were targeted by IOPs on 23-25 May, 31 May-2 June, and 11-14 June. The solar radiation data in Fig. S1  shows the appearance of cirrus ahead of the cold fronts, as well as perturbations in the normal diurnal variations of pressure, temperature, dewpoint, and winds created by thermallydriven regional (e. g. , plains-mountain) and mesoscale (e. g. , valley and slope) circulations  (Stewart et al. , 2002). There was no measurable precipitation, but the temperatures on Angel Peak dropped below freezing on the nights of 17-18 May and 11-12 June, and the cold fronts decreased the depth of the afternoon boundary layers above the NLVA to ~2 km or roughly the elevation of Angel Peak above the valley.
support. The Fires, Asian, and Stratospheric Transport-Las Vegas Ozone Study (FAST-LVOS) field measurements and model simulations were funded by the Clark County Department of Air Quality (CCDAQ) under contracts CBE 604318-16 and CBE 605334-19 (NOAA CCSL), CBE 603380-17 (Scientific Aviation), and CBE 604279-16 (NOAA GFDL). The NOAA CSL lidar operations were also supported by the NOAA Climate Program Office, Atmospheric Chemistry, Carbon Cycle, and Climate (AC4) Program and the NASA-sponsored Tropospheric Ozone Lidar Network (TOLNet, http://wwwair. larc. nasa. gov/missions/TOLNet/, last access 16 August 2021).
Acknowledgements. We would like to thank  Zheng Li  and  Rodney Langston  of  CCDAQ  for their support and assistance in the planning and execution of the project,  Paul Fransioli  for providing the wind profiler and visibility camera data, and various other CCDAQ personnel who provided logistical support during the execution of the field campaign. We would also like to thank  Sheryl Fontaine  and  Daren Winkelman  from the  Nevada Division of Environmental Protection Bureau of Air Quality Planning  for providing the  Railroad Valley ,  Warm Springs Summit , and  Cathedral Gorge State Park  measurements. We are most grateful to  Zaheer Kamal  for his able piloting of the Scientific Aviation Mooney aircraft. We.
Financial support. The Fires, Asian, and Stratospheric Transport-Las Vegas Ozone Study (FAST-LVOS) field measurements and model simulations were funded by the Clark County Department of Air Quality (CCDAQ) under contracts CBE 604318-16 and CBE 605334-19 (NOAA CCSL), CBE 603380-17 (Scientific Aviation), and CBE 604279-16 (NOAA GFDL). The NOAA CSL lidar operations were also supported by the NOAA Climate Program Office, Atmospheric Chemistry, Carbon Cycle, and Climate (AC4) Program and the NASA-sponsored Tropospheric Ozone Lidar Network (TOLNet, http://wwwair. larc. nasa. gov/missions/TOLNet/, last access 16 August 2021).
Acknowledgments G. B and M. M acknowledge the support from the  Indo-French Centre for the Promotion of Advanced Research  (Grant no:  6304-2 ). M. M thanks  DST INSPIRE Faculty research grant  ( IFA-14-PH-99 ). S. K would like to thank cluster computing facility at  GWDG, Göttingen. S. S and R. P acknowledge the support of the SAMKHYA: High Performance Computing Facility provided by IOPB. M. M, R. P and S. S thank  Dr. Shankha Banerjee  for useful discussions on di-Higgs searches.
Indeed, clinical trials targeting CXCR4 in cancer patients with different drugs alone or in combination with ICT are ongoing (NCT02104427, NCT01359657). A combination of the CXCR4 antagonist X4P-001 in combination with Pembrolizumab reactivating CD8 TIL  (Emancipator, 2020 ) demonstrated a clinical response in patients with advanced melanoma (phase 1b trial, NCT02823405). Interestingly, the improved response was associated with an increased CD8 TIL density in the tumor center. Altogether, our results propose that releasing CD8 TIL from the tumor matrix may be an important factor to empower ICT, where targeting matrix-regulated CXCR4 signaling is worth to be further explored. RNA gene expression results from our novel immune competent breast cancer model provides several molecular indicators such as TNC and CXCL12 to direct a future combined "TIL-matrix-release-and-reactivate" strategy for improving ICT in breast cancer.
Patient survival analysis The survival data for GSE19783-GPL6480  (Enerly et al, 2011)  were obtained from and analyzed by a web application (http://genomics. jefferson. edu/proggene/index. php) as described elsewhere  (Goswami & Nakshatri, 2013). Hazard ratio above or below 1 within a confidence interval of 95% (HR, 95% CI), and P values were determined using the log-rank test.
Immunofluorescence (IF) and H&E staining OCT-embedded tissue sections were incubated with a blocking solution before incubation with the indicated primary antibody, washed, incubated with the secondary antibodies (Appendix Table  S6 ), and DAPI (Sigma, catalog number D9542) followed by embedding with FluorSave TM Reagent (Calbiochem, 345789). Images were analyzed with a Zeiss Axio Imager Z2 microscope with constant acquisition setting (microscope, magnification, light intensity, exposure time) and quantified by the ImageJ (National Institutes of Health) software using a constant threshold.
Negative staining, transmission electron microscopy, and CXCL12 binding assay The interaction of murine TNC (Spenl e et al, 2020) with CXCL12 (R&D Systems, 460-SD-050) was visualized by negative staining and transmission electron microscopy as described  (Bober et al, 2010; Spenl e et al, 2020). For inhibition experiments, TNC samples were pre-incubated with the indicated concentrations of heparin dp10 (AMS Biotechnology, AMS. HO10). Specimens were examined in a Philips/FEI CM 100 TWIN transmission electron microscope operated at 60 kV accelerating voltage. Images were recorded with a side-mounted Olympus Veleta camera and the ITEM acquisitions software. Binding of CXCL12 to TNC was determined by counting the number of colloidal gold particles along the length of the TNC monomer. Numbers of molecules from 500 randomly picked distinct TNC molecules were determined.
Gene expression analysis The sequencing library was prepared from mRNA derived from tumors, shC, and shTNC cells, respectively, with the Ion Total RNA-Seq Kit v2  (Thermo Fisher Scientific, 4475936). Sequencing was performed on an Ion Proton sequencer with the Ion PI TM Hi-Q TM Sequencing 200 Kit (Thermo Fisher Scientific A26433). The transcriptome data were processed by the RNASeqAnalysis plugin from the Torrent Suite Software 5. 06  (Thermo Fisher Scientific). RNA from MMTV-NeuNT-WT and TNCKO mammary tumors were used for the Affymetrix Microarray experiments, performed at the IGBMC Sequencing Core Facility (Illkirch, France).
Statistical analysis Gaussian distribution was tested by the D'Agostino-Pearson normality test. When data followed a Gaussian distribution, statistical differences were analyzed by unpaired t-test (with Welch's correction in case of unequal variance) or ANOVA one-way with Tukey posttest. Otherwise, the Mann-Whitney test or a non-parametric ANOVA followed by Dunn's post-test were used to verify significance of the observed differences. All statistical analyses were performed using the GraphPad Prism software. All results were compared to the respective control by the indicated statistical test, and only P < 0. 05 are mentioned in the figure legends. Mean AE SEM. P < 0. 05 were considered as statistically significant, *P < 0. 05; **P < 0. 01; ***P < 0. 001.
Acknowledgments We acknowledge personnel from  INSERM U682  and  U1109 ,  M. van der Heyden ,  O. Lefebvre ,  F. Steinbach ,  A. Klein ,  C. Arnold ,  T. Hussenet ,  A. Mariotte ,  A. De Cauwer , and staff of the  BioEM lab (Biozentrum, University of Basel ) in particular  C. Tiberi ,  C. Alampi , and  M. Chami  and staff of the  Core Facility for Integrated Microscopy (CFIM), Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen  in particular K. Qvortrup (FCIM) for technical support, the staff of the animal facilities, and the staff of the  Genomax facility  ( INSERM U1109 ). We like to thank  Nathalie Salome  for critically reading the manuscript and assistance with editing. Funding was provided by  Worldwide Cancer Research WCR/AICR  grant  14-1070  (GO, KM),  Ligue R egional contre le Cancer CCIR-Est (GO) ,  Ligue contre le Cancer AAP2017.
We present a dataset of global soil NO emissions comprising gridded monthly data and the corresponding 3-hourly weight factors, suitable for atmospheric chemistry modelling. Data are provided globally at 0. 5°×0. 5°degrees horizontal resolution, and with monthly time resolution over the period 2000-2018. Emissions are provided as total values and also with separate data for soil NO emissions from background biome values, and those induced by fertilizers/manure, pulsing effects, and atmospheric 5 deposition, so that users can include, exclude or modify each component if wanted. This paper presents the emission algorithms and their data-sources, some comments on the availability of soil NO emissions in other inventories (and how to avoid double-counting), and finally some preliminary modelling results and comparison with observed data.
This dataset was constructed as part of the Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS), with the dataset referred to 10 as CAMS-GLOB-SOIL v2. 2. These data are available through the Copernicus Atmosphere Data Store (ADS) system, (https: //doi. org/10. 24380/kz2r-fe18, last access June 2021, Simpson 2021a) or through the Emissions of atmospheric Compounds and Compilation of Ancillary Data (ECCAD) system (https://eccad. aeris-data. fr/, last access June 2021). For review purposes, ECCAD has set up an anonymous repository where a subset of the CAMS-GLOB-SOIL v2. 2 data can be accessed directly (https://eccad. aeris-data. fr/essd-surf-emis-cams-soil/, Last access July 2021, Simpson 2021b).
Steinkamp et al. , 2009; Hudman et al. , 2010; Visser et al. , 2019). These methodologies have various levels of time-resolution, sophistication and data-requirements, but typically rely on land-cover maps, estimates of nitrogen inputs (fertiliser, deposition) 25 to the soils, and meteorological modifying factors such as temperature, soil water and/or precipitation. As will be discussed further in Sect. 2, all estimates of soil NO emissions are rendered very uncertain due to a large number of factors associated with underlying datasets and also understanding of the source and sink processes of NO in soils. The factors which influence microbial activity, and NO production and loss are many and complex  (Fowler et al. , 2009; Butterbach-Bahl et al. , 2013; Skiba et al. , 2020) , and the underlying data (e.
1a. In BDSNP the optimum WFPS (denoted θ in  Hudman et al. 2012 ) is given as 0. 2 for arid soils and 0. 3 elsewhere, with θ being provided by the top 2cm soil layer from GEOS-Chem meteorology. Importantly, Hudman et al. noted that θ values had not yet been validated; an important caveat which was one of the reasons 100 for the more simplified treatment of soil moisture which was applied in our CAMS-81 approach. For N-inputs,  Hudman et al. (2012)  further used the fertiliser data of  Potter et al. (2010) , with fertiliser spread according to a Gaussian distribution around the green-up day of the crops. Data from satellites (MODIS and TRMM) were used to estimate growing seasons. A simple mass balance approach tracks the changes in soil N avail as a result of fertiliser inputs and atmospheric N-deposition, with decay lifetimes of 4 months for fertiliser inputs and 6 months over landuse with natural 105 vegetation.
Hence we assigned these data a nominal year of 2005. Scaling factors to get to other years were made by combining national year to year variations from the CEDS database  (Hoesly et al. , 2018)  with global NH 3 emission from ECLIPSEv5a database (https://iiasa. ac. at/web/home/research/researchPrograms/ air/Global_emissions. html, last access June 2021) with the latter needed to allocate country codes to grids. For this first emis-sion estimate, where we only attempt monthly resolution of emissions, we adopted the simple procedure of allowing emission 205 rates to follow these monthly N-inputs.