dataesr/scientific-paragraphs-categorization huggingface dataset:
Querying across all types of data is also expected to facilitate targeted search to identify genetic material of interest residing somewhere in the partner gene banks and collections. Furthermore, starting from data derived from the portal, computing tools and methods have been developed to browse the diversity of sample and/or genomic data. The Diversity Browser is a stand-alone tool that computes principal component analysis (PCA) of a reference dataset and a batch of samples of interest  (Reich, Price and Patterson, 2008). Finally, an interactive web interface to guide the use of genetic material was created. It allows selective downloading of collection and genotype information to be leveraged using a linked R software package MoBPS  (Pook, Schlather and Simianer, 2020 ) (see also Section 5) that provides a flexible framework to simulate complex breeding programs and compare their economic and genetic impact.
• Breeders or breed associations and private breeding companies for reorientation of selection goals and strategies, creation of synthetic breeds or introgression of genes of specific interest: Release of gene bank material for such purposes to both non-governmental and private breeding companies must not harm the competitiveness of the provider of the germplasm. When germplasm is to be used for generating live animals, the gene bank may wish to request that the user re-deposit germplasm from the resulting progeny. • Academic organizations for research and development: Research projects are designed to generate new knowledge, which could ultimately lead to new applications with potential commercial value (such as DNA studies of the genetic background of traits). For these cases, it is recommended to agree upon the conditions for the use of data and information arising from the project and their publication in the gene bank database and/or public domain, in addition to simply the conditions for the use of the material itself.
Many countries have their own ABS legislation that preceded the Nagoya Protocol and remains valid, which may require other types of permits. All documentation should be stored in the gene bank database. In situations where genetic material is transferred from one country to another exclusively for storage, and not used for research or breeding in the receiving country, the ABS permits may not be required. Nevertheless, some documentation must accompany the samples when they are registered in the gene bank of the receiving country, including a reference to the arrangements and the contract between the two countries. The previous cryoconservation guidelines (FAO, 2012) considered the most common situation, that is obtaining material from domestic sources, but gene banks must also anticipate the acquisition of material from foreign sources, particularly, in case of transboundary regional breeds, and in all other situations described earlier.
However, such counties may require self-registration of access in the database (such as Switzerland). Such registration is of high importance for gene banks, as it will provide a proof of the origin of the samples, when they were accessed, and other information. This is especially important when a gene bank is subject to monitoring of user compliance by the CNA of its own country. • Transfer of material obtained from abroad: Gene banks must also carefully consider conditions for making available material acquired and entered into the collection before 12 October 2014, the date when the Nagoya Protocol came into force. The provider country may have different time-frame related provisions in their domestic access legislation, and some provider countries had their national ABS law already in force before 12 October 2014.
Such information is important and must be sought. If the material from the provider country was accessed by the gene bank itself, it is important to confirm whether the original permit for collecting samples allowed transfer to third-party users and, if this is the case, to make the information on the permit available for potential users and to provide it with any material upon transfer. If the permit does not allow the transfer of material to third parties, the material cannot be made available, but it can be marked in the catalogue or gene bank database with a reference to the CNA that issued the original permit, so that the potential user can contact that CNA to either seek a new permit for access to the material in the country of origin. • Documentation of samples from abroad: The ABS-related information should be a part of any MAA or MTA.
As was elaborated earlier in this section, every gene bank should develop its own or adapt already existing MAA and MTA, and these documents should be reviewed on a regular basis. Use of MAA and MTA should be integrated into the workflow of the gene bank. The major impact of ABS measures on animal gene banks is the need to maintain a detailed documentation of the source of any biological material that is introduced into the gene bank. Such information associated with samples must be stored in the gene bank database, and made available for potential and actual users to provide evidence of their legal access and compliance with the national ABS legislation of the provider country.
4. Equilibrate for 10 minutes at 4-5 °C with gentle shaking. 5. Put the diluted semen in 0. 5 ml straws previously identified per male, then make a bubble at the top of the straws, seal the straws, and transfer them in a programmable freezer. 6. Freeze the straws according to the following programme: -7 °C/ min from + 4 °C to -35 °C, then 60 °C/ min from 35 °C to 140 °C. 7. Rapidly transfer the straws to the liquid nitrogen tank. 8. Record the placement of the samples in the tank, and register in the gene bank database. Thawing and insemination 1. Remove straws from the liquid nitrogen tank (no more than 40 straws at the same time). Plunge the straws for 3 minutes in a 1 litre beaker of water at 4 °C. (All the steps of thawing are at 4 °C. ) Avoid any thermic shock. 2. Wipe the outside of the straws, liberate the semen into separate beakers which are identified according to the male and containing an amount of LC diluent  (Lake and Stewart, 1978 ; see recipe below) corresponding to dilution step a in Table  A6.
7. Transfer the straws to a LN tank, once again recording the location in the database. Thawing and insemination 1. Thaw the straws in a water bath at 5 ºC for 5 minutes. 2. Wipe the outside of the straws, empty the semen into separate beakers for each donor male. 3. Conduct the inseminations intervaginally without delay, following the same precautions as for the glycerol method. The insemination must be conducted a minimum of 3 hours before or after the lay, to limit the semen rejection due to the lay peristalsis Recipe BHSV-based diluent  (Schramm, 1991) , The following are dissolved in 1L of double-distilled water: Supplement with Serine (4 mM) and Sucrose (1 mM)  (Thananurak et al. , 2019; 2020).
Freezing After two hours, straws are quickly dried and loaded into the programmable freezing unit. The unit is programmed to start at 4 °C and ramp down to -40 °C at 3 °C /min. Once the samples reach -40 °C, straws are removed one at a time, and rapidly plunged into liquid nitrogen and packed in a goblet for storage. The storage location should be recorded in the gene bank database.
Acknowledgements This document was prepared through a truly global effort. Given the substantial input from collaborators from the IMAGE project, the contribution from European countries was significant, but all other FAO regions were also represented. The  Nordic Genetic Resource Center (NordGen) , which provided the co-editors of the document, includes Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden in its membership. Overall, the authors and reviewers small populations or those with low levels of genetic diversity provide novel opportunities for long-term maintenance of genetic variation both in situ and ex situ (e. g. Oldenbroek, 2018). Practical training in the use of software for population management such as MoBPS (Pook, Schlather and Simianer, 2020) should be incorporated where relevant (see Section 5).
These topics are relevant for both university curricula and breed associations and similar stakeholders. Characterization and documentation of collections: For optimal utilization of genebanked material, the metadata describing the stored material and the genetic resources they represent are critical (see Section 8). This undertaking requires training in data collection, organization, storage and retrieval. Proficiency in development and use of databases is critical. These skills will be of use in all three categories of capacity building, that is, university instruction and research, gene bank staff, and stakeholders. Legal Issues related with access and exchange of germplasm: As pointed out in Section 9, management of gene banks requires knowledge regarding national and international policies affecting the exchange of AnGR.
3 CBD. 4 Innovative 34 2011. Nagoya Protocol on Access to Genetic Resources and the Fair and Equitable Sharing of Benefits Arising from their Utilization. Montreal. Cited 4 March 2022. www. cbd. int/abs/ Management of Animal Genetic Resources Project (IMAGE). 2020. Project funded by the Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme of the European Union under Grant Agreement Number 677353. Cited 31 October 2020. www. imageh2020. eu 5 Honkatukia, M. & Boes, J. 2020. IMAGE -Innovative Management of Animal Genetic Resources, Deliverable D 7. 13: Guidelines for the management of gene banks. Paris. Cited 3 February 2022. www. imageh2020. eu/ deliverable/D7. 13. pdf xvii.
The Dutch gene bank for farm animals is managed by the Centre for Genetic Resources, the Netherlands (CGN), of Wageningen University and Research. Development and maintenance of the gene bank collections for farm animals is part of the Statutory Research Tasks programme of CGN, funded by the Ministry of Agriculture and supported by the Dutch livestock breeding sector. The main objectives of the Dutch gene bank are: 1. To establish and to maintain gene bank collections of all native Dutch rare livestock breeds; 2. To facilitate regular backup gene bank collections of all breeding programs; and 3. To stimulate the use of gene bank collections in breeding and research. Long-term investment: • Infrastructure: The national Dutch gene bank for farm animals is located at the Campus of Wageningen University and Research, and a duplicate collection is maintained at the Veterinary Faculty of Utrecht University.
The gene bank consists of a cryopreservation laboratory facility and two storage rooms. The facility has monitoring equipment to detect liquid nitrogen spills or a low level of oxygen in the liquid nitrogen containers. The facilities are rented from Wageningen University and Research. • Equipment: All relevant equipment for quality analysis and freezing genetic material is available to carry out cryopreservation for different species. • Database: CGN is using the gene bank database CryoWeb that was developed by a European consortium, funded by the European Commission. Genomic data is stored in a separate database. • Staff: CGN staff involved with the gene banking activities include the following (part time) positions: (i) gene bank/project manager; (ii) database specialist and programmer; (iii) lab technician; (iv) field technician; (v) cryobiology specialist; and (vi) a genetic advisor.
Each local organizer proposed the topics to be addressed, and then worked with IMAGE partners to identify the most appropriate instructors. The topics were not limited to gene banking, but also included matters related to management of AnGR in general. The courses comprised lectures, practical sessions and group discussions with presentation of results. The following is an example of some of the topics selected for each country: ). 2020. Project funded by the Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme of the European Union under Grant Agreement Number 677353. Cited 20 October 2020. www. imageh2020. eu 2 FAO. 2007. Global Plan of Action for Animal Genetic Resources and the Interlaken Declaration. Rome. www. fao. org/3/a1404e/a1404e. pdf.
A6 Silva, Global Academy of Agriculture and Food Systems, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom Compilation of the following tables will aid in estimation of the costs of gene banking. What is the total quantity of each genetic material stored in your gene bank? average cost of collecting genetic material from an individual donor animal on farm per visit (excluding travel) for the following species? What is the average distance between the donor farm and the collection centre, and the average transport cost per km according to species? Animal Genetic Resources Project (IMAGE). 2020a. Project funded by the Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme of the European Union under Grant Agreement Number 677353. Cited 24 October 2020. www. imageh2020. eu Innovative Management of Animal Genetic Resources (IMAGE).
3. 1. 31 Carefully resuspend 5 to 6x104 cells in 250 µl of DMSO-free freezing medium for PGCs and pipette them into labelled cryotubes. 4. Slowly (drop-wise) add 250 µl of freezing medium for PGCs to each tube, and then place them in a freezing box and into the freezer at -80 °C. 5. Alternatively, resuspend the cell pellet in 250 µl of Stemcell Banker before transfer to the freezing box. 6. After one night, the samples are moved into the liquid nitrogen storage tank, recording their location in the gene bank database. Remove the cryotube(s) from storage and place them in a water bath at 37 °C. 2. Slowly pipette 2 mL of PCG culture medium into each of the thawed tubes. 3. Centrifuge the samples at 1 000 × g for 10 minutes and remove the supernatant. 4. Finally, the cells are resuspended in fresh culture medium for PGCs, placed into cells of a 24-well cell culture plate and cultured as described in Protocol 1.
This means that the gene bank is not yet operational to receive genetic materials from the ECOWAS countries, but semen has been collected from West African transboundary cattle breeds available at the experimental farm of CIRDES. The collected breeds included Zébu Peulh Soudanais, N'Dama, Baoulé, Borgou and Somba. SECTION 8 Databases and documentation Zhivko Duchev, Institute of Animal Science, Agricultural Academy, Kostinbrod, Bulgaria Samuel Rezende Paiva, EMBRAPA Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Brasilia, Brazil Alessandra Stella, Istituto Di Biologia E Biotecnologia Agraria, Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche, Milan, Italy National technicians have been trained in observing good sanitary practice during genetic material collection, to avoid any contamination during and after the collection process.
Does the gene bank have a standard operating procedure for preparing samples for distribution to users?         15. Has the critical equipment for operation of the gene bank been identified? Source: Innovative Management of Animal Genetic Resources Project (IMAGE). 2020. Project funded by the Horizon 2020 Research   and Innovation Programme of the European Union under Grant Agreement Number 677353. Cited 31 October 2020. 16. Has the gene bank established standard operating procedures for regular maintenance of the critical equipment?  www. imageh2020. eu  17. Does the gene bank have a system to record when critical equipment undergoes controls, routine maintenance and/or calibration?   (Cont. ).
| Data treatment Raw data typing-in was performed by students using a shared spreadsheet table. An example is available online. For a coordinated typingin session, the filled questionnaires were distributed equally among the students, then each student typed-in the data on a free section of the online spreadsheet, leaving 100 blank lines between two students, to avoid overwriting on each other. These blank lines were later suppressed. An additional instruction was "not to delete any line" during the typing-in process. Students were typing-in "1" for each box that was checked. "Zeros" were added later on the Excel spreadsheet, once uploaded. The advantage of typing-in server and panelist codes is for later checks for mistyping. Once uploaded in Excel the data were converted to a file like "DataForCA.
csv," using semicolons as separators. Moreover, the names of the two first columns of this data file must be "Product" and "NumPanel" for, respectively, the names of the tested products and the numbers corresponding to the panelists (from 1 to the maximum number of panelists). This is critical for the use of the R script performing the correspondence analysis. All files are available as Data S2 and S3 (FilesForCA_CATA. zip and FilesFor-CA_APT. zip). For the R analysis, it is important to have both files in the same directory. Each time another CA analysis is run with a new set of data, it is recommended to create a new directory, this allows to keep the same file names and avoid to modify the R script. It is also necessary to upload the FactoMineR R package  (Lê et al. , 2008; R Core Team, 2021).
Confidence ellipses around wines, with a 95% confidence level, were performed with the ellipseCA function of FactoMi-neR package, using the default argument method="multinomial," with limitations in interpretation as discussed in  Beaulieu et al. (2022). To estimate the minimal number of panelists needed to obtain a significant Chi-square test of independence, associated with the contingency table built on attributes and wines, we calculated the evolution of the p-value of the Chi-square test depending on the number of panelists. For this purpose, for a dozen of equally spaced numbers of panelists, from 10 to approximately the total number of panelists, the R script draw at random 300 samples of panelists of the corresponding size out of the batch of 63 or 65 tasters, in APT and CATA, respectively.
The ratio between the reflectance of meat at 630 nm and 580 nm (630/580) was calculated as indicator of myoglobin oxidation  (Khliji et al. , 2010). The integral value of the reflectance spectrum of meat at wavelengths between 450 nm and 530 nm (I 450-530 ) was calculated as indicator of carotenoids presence  (Priolo et al. , 2002). Statistical analysis was performed with the software Minitab 19 (Minitab, LLC) using the single animal as statistical unit. Mixed ANOVA was applied to the data of feed intake, growth performance, carcass weights, intramuscular fat, FA profile, fat-soluble vitamins, and cholesterol, with the dietary treatment as fixed factor and the block as random factor. Kruskal-Wallis test was applied to the scores of carcass conformation, carcass fatness, and subcutaneous fat firmness, to highlight differences among diets.
Acknowledgements The authors acknowledge the  UE 1414 Herbipôle (Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France ) staff for animal handling and slaughtering, the  MG2MIX company (Châteaubourg, France)  for providing the ingredients and helping in the formulation of the diets, and the  INRAE UE 1421 (Saint-Gilles, France)  staff for producing the pelleted feeds.
Funding details This work was supported by the  Institut Carnot France Futur Elevage (F2E)  under Grant no. 00000268  " COMBITAN " ( 2016 ), and the  University of Catania  under grant " QUALIGEN" Linea 2 -Piano di Incentivi per la Ricerca di Ateneo 2020 /2022 (principal investigator:  Giuseppe Luciano ). A. Natalello benefits from PON " RICERCA E INNOVAZIONE" 2014-2020  research contract (azione  IV. 6-CUP E61B21004280005 ) supported by  Ministero dell'Università e della Ricerca.
PATIENTS AND METHODS We carried out a retrospective review of medical records of WD patients treated with DP for >12 months year between January 2019 and December 2020 and followed at the national reference centre for WD in Lyon (France). Demographic, clinical and laboratory data were collected, including DP dose, vitamin B 6 supplementation and blood pyridoxine level. Vitamin B 6 supplementation is routinely prescribed in our centre for patients at the start of DP treatment, 125 mg for children and 250 mg/week for adults. This supplementation is often later discontinued at the request of the patient or by the prescribing physician to improve adherence to the chelator treatment. Patients who discontinued vitamin supplementation for >12 months were compared with those who continued vitamin B 6 supplementation.
Vitamin B 6 level was determined by the quantification in whole blood of PLP, its biologically active form. This assay was carried out using high-performance liquid chromatography. Normal values ranged from 35. 0 to 110. 0 nmol/L. The quantification of PLP has been added to the routine follow-up of WD patients treated with DP since 2019. Qualitative variables are presented as relative frequency (percentage), and as mean and SD for normally distributed quantitative variables and median (IQR) for nonnormally distributed variables. Comparisons were made using the Mann-Whitney non-parametric test using SPSS software V. 23. 0 (IBM Corp. Armonk, NY). P<0. 05 was considered significant. This analysis was listed as a clinical practice audit, under the control of the research committee of our structure, and therefore did not require ethics approval.
The diagnosis of HPP is often missed or delayed in children and particularly in adults. Data from the Global HPP Registry indicates that the median time between the onset Aliya A. Khan, Maria Luisa Brandi, Eric T. Rush and Dalal S. Ali are shared first authors. Extended author information available on the last page of the article of symptoms and the diagnosis of HPP is 5. 7 years  [5]. During this time, individuals may suffer from significant multisystem complications of HPP. They may also be misdiagnosed and/or mistreated with drugs such as bisphosphonates, which may in fact further impair the underlying skeletal mineralization defect, increasing the risk of atypical femoral fractures (AFFs) in these patients. It is recognized that AFFs are associated with HPP in patients without exposure to bisphosphonates  [6].
Declarations Ethics approval These papers are retrospective reviews and did not require ethics committee approval. Conflict of interest AAK has received research grants from Alexion, Amgen, Ascendis, Chugai, Radius, Takeda, and Ultragenyx and is on the advisory board for Amgen, Amolyt, and Takeda. MLB has received honoraria from Amgen, Bruno Farmaceutici, Calcilytix, Kyowa Kirin, and UCB; grants and/or speaker for Abiogen, Alexion, Amgen, Bruno Farmaceutici, Echolight, Eli Lilly, Kyowa Kirin, SPA, Theramex, and UCB; Consultant for Aboca, Alexion, Amolyt, Bruno Farmaceutici, Calcilytix, Kyowa Kirin, and UCB. ETR has consulted for, received honoraria from, and has research supported by Alexion Pharmaceuticals, AstraZeneca Rare Disease. SB has received advisory board participation from Alexion.
CR has received research grants and honoraria from Alexion, Kyowa Kirin, and Regeneron. LS has received honoraria and grants from Alexion, Amgen, Chiesi, KyowaKirin, Novartis, Theramex, and UCB. JHS serves as an Investigator and consultant for Alexion. SRS has received honoraria from and has research supported by Alexion Pharmaceuticals, AstraZeneca Rare Disease. LMW serves as a consultant to Alexion. EML serves as an investigator, consultant, and speaker for Amgen; investigator for Radius; speaker for Alexion. DSA, HA, KA, FA, KD, SLF, FG, GG, EH, SK, IM, FM, LY, RBP declare no conflict of interest. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4. 0 International License, which permits any non-commercial use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made.