dataesr/scientific-paragraphs-categorization huggingface dataset:
MRI acquisition Structural MRI acquisitions were performed at CENIR (Human MRI Neuroimaging core facility, ICM, Salpêtrière hospital, Paris, France) using a 3 T Siemens MRI scanner 64-channel TIM system. The brain MRI protocol included a 3D T1 scan allowing the study of structural abnormalities. Diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) data was acquired using a single-shot spin-echo sequence with 60 directions, covering the whole head with a posterior-anterior phase acquisition (b0 = 0 s. mm -2 , b = 2000 s. mm -2 , TE = 75 ms, TR = 3500 ms, flip angle = 90 degrees, field of view = 208 mm 2 , voxel size = 1. 8 × 1. 8 × 1. 8 mm 3 ).
Voxel-based morphometry analysis Images were processed using VBM implemented in Statistical Parametric Mapping (SPM12) running under ®MATLAB R2017b Behavioural coding data were collected through the continuous sampling method (all occurrences of behaviours were recorded) using The Observer XT (Noldus). Behavioural coding was conducted based on the definitions of this ethogram. The number of occurrences of each disinhibited behaviour was summed for each participant, and these 11 sub-scores were then summed within each behavioural category to obtain a global scores of compulsivity and social disinhibition, specific to each individual. (Mathworks, Natick, MA).
, 2007). ROIs were delineated based on previous tractography works  (Wakana et al. , 2007; Catani and Thiebautdeschotten, 2008) , and detailed in supplementary material. A deformable registration of the template with the T1w image was computed for each subject and the ROIs were resampled using the resulting transformation by means of the BRAINS Resample module in 3D Slicer. The purpose of this registration was to obtain an approximate localisation of the ROIs on each patient T1w image to serve as seeding points for the tractography algorithm. The ROIs placements were visually inspected and manually corrected if required using the DTI and T1w images as references. Deterministic region-based tractography was performed using ROIs previously computed with an FA threshold of 0. 15 and an angular threshold of 45 degrees, as these parameters provided convenient results in previous studies in neurodegenerative diseases  (Migliaccio et al.
Acknowledgements Delphine Tanguy is supported by  École Normale Supérieure Paris-Saclay. Raffaella Migliaccio  is supported by  France Alzheimer ,  Fondation Recherche Alzheimer , and  Philippe Chatrier Foundations , and by  Rosita Gomez  association. We acknowledge  Maxime Montembeault  for his valuable suggestions. We sincerely acknowledge the participants and caregivers for their involvement in this study.
The other regions included the splice acceptor within the HIV-1 env region, as well as four regions of the host genome. We performed a GO analysis of the Tat-associated regions and found no significant terms enriched. The four non-HIV-1 peaks were found in gene-depleted regions with no obvious link to HIV-1 or T cell activation. After PMA/i exposure, a minor local accumulation of Tat was found on chr 2 at the MAT2A locus  (Fig S1F). This is the genomic integration site of the HIV-1 provirus in these J-lat cells  (Chan et al. , 2013). Even though we did not clearly identify non-HIV-1 positions associated with Tat binding, we mapped previously identified regions to our dataset. We interrogated the 6,114 peaks associated with Tat binding in unstimulated Jurkat cells  (Reeder et al. , 2015)   (Fig 2C)  and indeed observed Tat at these regions in our unstimulated 1C10 cells.
The GFP measurements based on PLA largely recapitulate our previous results from flow cytometry in the parental 5A8 cell line  (Lindqvist et al. , 2020). T cell stimulation by PMA/i reactivated HIV-1 as detected by both PLA and GFP. However, among the potential LRAs, only the high dose of panabinostat (150 µM) significantly reversed latency detected in both read-outs. Low correlation (0. 3) was determined between the GFP and PLA signals. Fitting a straight line through the data points resulted in a goodness-of-fit (R 2 ) of 0. 1 (Fig  S2C ). This suggests that different aspects of latency reversal are captured by the two methods, and that the observed GFP signal in the cell model is only partially mediated by Tat-dependent transcription.
Massive parallel sequencing DNA samples were quantified with Qubit dsDNA HS Assay kit (ThermoFisher, Cat# Q32851) and libraries were prepared using NEBNext Ultra II DNA library kit. Libraries were sequenced on an Illumina Nextseq 550 (75 cycles, single-end sequencing) at the BEA facility (Huddinge, Sweden), according to the manufacturer's instructions. Raw data from the sequencing reactions (fastq files) were aligned to the hg38 genome assembly with Bowtie2 (version 2. 0. 6), set to the default parameters. Resulting sam files were converted to bam files using Samtools version 1. 4. Bam files were imported into Galaxy  (version 21. 05, usegalaxy. org) or SeqMonk version 1. 47. 2.
Acknowledgements The authors would like to thank  Sara Svensson Akusjärvi  for initial work with microscopy. This study was supported by grants from  Swedish Research Council  ( 2019-00991 ),  Cancerfonden  ( 12 0412 Pj ) and  Stiftelsen Läkare mot AIDS Forskningsfond  ( Fob2020-0004 ) to JPS, and  Center for Innovative Medicine  ( FoUI-954473 ) to JPS ans AS. We would like to acknowledge the core facilities MedH Core.
The university library then incorporated the acquisition process into its existing electronic acquisition system, which is based on the OCLC Sunrise local system to record the book data required for acquisition and lending for the entire university, thus adding another core competency to the day-to-day business of book processing in addition to cataloguing. Thus, worldwide title reference via the Online Public Access Catalogue became possible now of ordering. Reminders can be generated and sent automatically. Precise budget control is provided via the recording of order prices. From 1976 onwards, there were 21 individual libraries. At last count, the presumed total stock was around 170,000 volumes. During this time, the newly founded universities in Regensburg and Augsburg, also with Catholic theological faculties, had already set the course for a unified library system, both spatially and organisationally, setting a trend in Bavaria that, for example, brought together the libraries of the two theological faculties of the University of Munich, along with the holdings for philosophy, into one large, specialised library in 2004.
Genome typing and cluster identification After reads were stored for the delay of analysis, kaiju with default parameters  [20]  was used to detect for contamination level using NCBI BLAST nr-non-redundant protein database including bacteria, archaea and viruses (2021-02-24 (52 GB). Overall qualities before and after trimming sequencing reads were evaluated using FastQC  [21]  and multiqc  [22]. Then, Trimmomatic tool  [23]  was used to remove residual Illumina adapters and Illumina-specific sequences. Species, lineages and sub-lineages were identified directly based on output iSeq read using the Tb-profiler (TB_v0. 1. 3) (https://tbdr. lshtm. ac. uk/) and MTBseq  [24]  with default settings by specific mapping to reference M. tuberculosis H37Rv (NC_000962. 3). MTBseq was used to recover the statistical mapping data of output sequencing reads using M.
tuberculosis H37Rv (NC_000962. 3) as the reference genome (S1 Table ). In addition, a local SNPs database constituted as previously reported, was used to identify Beijing sub-lineages  [12, 25, 26]. Genome sequences were assembled using SPAdes version 3. 13. 1  [27]  and annotated using Prokka version 1. 12  [28]. The Roary pangenome pipeline  [29]  was used to generate the core-genes alignment of 42 clinical strains to create the phylogenetic tree in order to represented study strains using following parameters: 80% minimum identity for blastp, and a gene detected in 99% of isolates to be recorded as a core gene. Phylogenetic trees based on core genome were generated using FastTree 2. 1. 10_1 software (https://ngphylogeny. fr/tools/tool/ 271/form) using GTR model and bootstrap option with 1000 replicates.
1. 3 and L4. 6. 2. 2 were present in Niger as dangerous sub-lineages with XDR isolate (5. 5%), MDR (72. 2%), pre-MDR (16. 6%) of sub-lineages L4. 1. 3 and with MDR isolates (38. 4%), and pre-MDR (23%) of sub-lineage L4. 6. 2. 2. Using the available database of Tb-profiler (https://tbdr. lshtm. ac. uk/sra) and the available genomes results in West Africa [46-50], we observed 99/ 8,139 (1. 2%) isolates belonging to sub-lineage L4. 1. 3 (25/8,139; 0. 3%) and L4. 6. 2. 2 (74/8,139; 0. 9%) in sub-Saharan Africa.
This work was supported by  Agence Nationale de la Recherche  ( ANR-17-CE35-0006-01 PRIME , http://www. agencenationale-recherche. fr/) and by the  French Government  under the  «Investissements d'Avenir » (Investments for the Future) program  managed by the  ANR  (reference: Mediterranee Infection  10-IAHU-03 ). This work was also supported by  Region Provence Alpes Cote d'Azur and European funding FEDER  IHUBIOTK by funding to ZHH. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
1. 3 and L4. 6. 2. 2 were present in Niger as dangerous sub-lineages with XDR isolate (5. 5%), MDR (72. 2%), pre-MDR (16. 6%) of sub-lineages L4. 1. 3 and with MDR isolates (38. 4%), and pre-MDR (23%) of sub-lineage L4. 6. 2. 2. Using the available database of Tb-profiler (https://tbdr. lshtm. ac. uk/sra) and the available genomes results in West Africa [46-50], we observed 99/ 8,139 (1. 2%) isolates belonging to sub-lineage L4. 1. 3 (25/8,139; 0. 3%) and L4. 6. 2. 2 (74/8,139; 0. 9%) in sub-Saharan Africa. Regarding M. tuberculosis L4. 1. 3, we observed 25 M. tuberculosis sub-lineage L4. 1. 3 isolates distributed in Cote d'Ivoire (21/47 isolates; 44. 6%), Nigeria (1/56 isolate; 1. 8%) and Republic of the Congo (3/139 isolates; 2. 15%). These isolates were divided into 21/25 MDR isolates (84%), 1/25 Pre-XDR isolate (4%), 1/25 pre-MDR isolate (4%) and 2/25 sensitive isolates (8%).
Grey arrows show the correlation vectors of the variables with the ordination. Significance was tested by Monte Carlo permutation against 999 random datasets and variables with P > 0. 05 were kept (see Supplementary Table  2 ). Ento_ag epigeic entomobryomorpha, ento_bg eudaphic entomorbyomorpha, pod poduromorpha, sym symphypleona, neel neelipleona, decomp_mites decomposer mites, fungal_mites fungivorous mites, pred_oribatids predatory oribatids, pred_col_ad predatory coleoptera, pred_col_larv predatory coleoptera larvae, detrit_col_ad detritivorous coleoptera, detrit_col_larv detritivorous coleoptera larvae, diptera_larv diptera larvae, bactplfa bacterial PLFA, fungplfa fungal PLFA, amfplfa AM fungal PLFA, actinoplfa actinobacteria PLFA. managed grasslands due to larger below-ground root and fungal networks in the former, which improves water access compared to intensively managed grasslands  28, 30, 32.
Measurement of soil properties Continuous soil moisture measurements were made with SM300 moisture probes inserted in the soil up to 5 cm connected to GP1 data loggers (Delta-t, Cambridge, UK) in each plot at the site 5. Sequential soil moisture measurements were made with WET-2 sensor probes inserted in the soil up to 7 cm (Delta-t, Cambridge, UK). Soil pH was measured using standard methodology (Roberston et al. , 1999) in a soil and water suspension with a pH metre (Seven2GO Mettler Toledo, Colombus, USA). For each plot a bulk sample was collected with a corer (4. 2 cm diameter and 6. 6 cm depth) for the determination of bulk density (Robertson et al. , 1999).
Data analysis All analyses were performed using R software (version 4. 1. 0. R core Team, 2017). To assess the role of land management in driving the soil properties and plant biomass, we performed a principal component analysis (PCA). Principal coordinates analysis (PCoA) was applied to estimate the soil community structure using Bray-Curtis dissimilarities based on Hellinger transformed community data  79. A permutational multivariate analysis of variance (PERMANOVA)  80  was performed with 999 permutations to assess whether there were significant differences among grassland management. Distance comparisons in PERMANOVA can be sensitive to between-group differences in dispersions, so we used PERMDISP  81  to determine whether the dispersions of each group around their group centroid were significantly different from one another.
Acknowledgements This study was supported by a consortium grant from the  Natural Environment Research Council (NERC ) Soil Security Programme led by  R. D. B. , with component grants  NE/M017028/1  to R. D. B. and F. d. V. ,  NE/ M01701X/2  to D. J. and E. M. B. and  NE/M017036/1  to T. C. and M. E. We are very grateful to the landowners and farmers for allowing us to perform our experiment and sample their fields. We also thank  Lucy Frotin  and  Juliette Papelard  for help in the laboratory and field,  H. Stott  for help with isotope analyses,  L. Harrold  for plant and N 2 O isotope analysis,  B. Thornton  and  G. Martin  for the PLFA and soil fauna isotope analysis, T. Balanant for the map figure , andC. Collins for his support as coordinator of the  NERC Soil Security Programme.
1  Spearman correlation coefficients were also estimated between DAVF initial visit measures (at RUSH2A 12-month visit) and clinical measures obtained at the same visit from the FST white stimulus and FST blue stimulus. ERG data (the amplitude of the b-wave from the dark adapted dim-flash 0. 01 cd. s/m 2 ERG response) obtained at RUSH2A baseline was used to obtain correlations with DAVF measures, because ERG testing was not performed at the initial DAVF visit. Bias-corrected accelerated bootstrap method was used to get 95% CIs for the correlation coefficients. 10, 11 ANOVA was used to evaluate the relationship between maximum DAVF sensitivity (highest sensitivity value within the testing field) and FST threshold, and residuals were regressed on FST threshold to determine whether the variance of maximum sensitivity increased with FST thresholds.
Evidence for rod function by FST was defined as a threshold of less than -30 dB. 2  ERG rod function was defined as a b-wave amplitude of greater than 0. 2 Kappa statistics (κ) were calculated to measure agreement between evidence of rod function by DAVF versus other modalities. Owing to the small sample size, the biascorrected percentile bootstrap method was used to get 95% CIs for kappa estimates. 12, 13 Analyses were performed using SAS version 9. 4 (SAS Institute, Cary, NC).
DISCUSSION The inclusion criteria for the primary cohort of the RUSH2A trial included BCVA letter score of 54 or more (approximate Snellen equivalent of 20/80 or better) and a visual field diameter of 10°or more in every meridian of the central    including the Goldmann-Weekers, Tubingen, Octopus, and Humphrey instruments. 6, 7, 15 Although they provide useful data for single-site studies, these custom devices are not readily adaptable to multicenter trials. The Medmont DAC perimeter is commercially available and in use at six of the sites participating in RUSH2A, allowing us to conduct an ancillary study in approximately half of the enrolled RUSH2A participants. The majority of participants in the ancillary study showed evidence of rod-mediated detection in at least one cluster of points in the field.
This included 14 of 15 patients (93%) retaining measurable rod ERGs, but more importantly 24 of 34 patients (71%) with unmeasurable rod ERGs. This finding is consistent with data in autosomal dominant RP, where the average number of rod-mediated loci was 31 ± 17 in patients with a measurable response to the 3. 0 cd. s/m 2 stan- dard flash, but an unmeasurable response to the rod-only 0. 01 cd. s/m 2 flash. 5 Although the RUSH2A study has shown that USH2 participants tend to be more severely affected than ARRP participants at a similar age, 1 our sample size was too small to establish a difference based on diagnosis for DAVF. There was a tendency, however, for a higher percentage of participants with ARRP (90%) than with USH2 (68%) to retain measurable DAVF. The severity of mutations between diagnosis groups is the subject of analysis in a separate manuscript that has been submitted for peer review.
Acknowledgments Katarina Stingl  and  Isabelle Audo  are members of the  ERN-EYE (European Reference Network for Rare Eye Diseases). David Birch  has support from  NIH   EY09076. Funded by  Foundation Fighting Blindness. Disclosure:  D. G. Birch ,  Biogen (C,F) ,  Nacuity (C) ,  ProQR (C,F) ,  Editas (C) ,  AGTC (C,F) ,  Iveric (C) ,  4D  Therapeutics (C,F),  DTx Therapeutics (C) ;  L. Samarakoon , None;  M. Melia , None;  J. L. Duncan ,  Acucela (F) ,  Allergen/Abbvie (F) ,  Biogen/Nightstarx Therapeutics (F) ,  Neurotech USA (F) , Second Sight Medical Products (F), 4D Therapeutics (C) ,  AGTC (C) ,  Astellas (C) ,  DTx Therapeutics (C) ,  Editas (C) ,  Eloxx (C) ,  Eyevensys (C) ;  Gyroscope (C) ,  Horama (C) ,  ProQR Therapeutics (C) ,  Spark Therapeutics (C) ,  SparingVision (C) ,  Vedere Bio (C) ,  Nacuity (C) ,  Partner-Rx Sight  (I);  A.
In Supplementary Information we provide the measured instability of the comparison of the distant ultrastable lasers for additional datasets (see Supplementary Fig. 1 ). Direct evaluation of the total link noise with ultrastable lasers. We used the comparison of distant ultrastable lasers to directly measure the short-term frequency instability of the entire measurement chain of the 2220 km fibre link network. This comparison is dominated at 1 s averaging time by delay-unsuppressed noise due to fundamental limitations of the fibre link noise cancellation  36  , where the intrinsic transit time both causes the returned signal to sample the fibre noise at a slightly later point in time, and limits the bandwidth available for noise suppression. A strategy to minimise this effect is to divide the link into smaller segments to increase the stabilisation bandwidth for each segment.
Acknowledgements We thank  Rachel M. Godun ,  E. Anne Curtis  and  Geoffrey Barwood  for careful reading of the manuscript. NPL This work was financially supported by the  UK Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy  as part of the National Measurement System Programme; the  European Metrology Programme for Innovation and Research (EMPIR)  projects  15SIB03 OC18 ,  15SIB05   OFTEN ,  18SIB05   ROCIT ,  18SIB06  TiFOON. These projects have received funding from the  EMPIR  programme co-financed by the Participating States and from the  European Union 's  Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme. A. V. acknowledges funding from the  Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC UK)  through the  Controlled Quantum Dynamics Centre for Doctoral Training  ( EP/L016524/1 ) for the core duration of this work.
LPL, LNE-SYRTE, RENATER This work has received support under the program " Investissements d'Avenir " launched by the  French Government  and implemented by  ANR  with the references  ANR-10-LABX-48-01  ( Labex First-TF ),  ANR-11-EQPX-0039  ( Equipex REFIMEVE+ ) and  ANR-10-IDEX-0001-002 PSL (PSL ). This work was also financially supported by  Conseil Régional Ile de-France (DIM IFRAF-NanoK and DIM SIRTEQ)  and the  European Metrology Programme for Innovation and Research (EMPIR)  in project  15SIB05   OFTEN ,  18SIB05  ROCIT. These projects have received funding from the  EMPIR  programme co-financed by the Participating States and from the  European Union 's  Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme. We acknowledge unfailing and continuing support of the network and engineering team of RENATER.
Two Guyanese commercial species were selected: Dicorynia guianensis and Sextonia rubra, representing 62. 4 % of the local timber production (data from the National Forest Office, 2020). In parallel, small-sized trees of fast-growing species are frequently cut during clearings but remain non-valorized. Again, two species have been selected: Cecropia obtusa, the most abundant in French Guiana, also harvested for the extraction of the high-value chemical compounds found in its bark; and Virola surinamensis, which has also been proved to produce a large amount of bark showing well defined fiber bundles  [5] , expected to be easily isolated during defibering operations. The general objective of this study was to assess the potential of these Guyanese residual fibers for the production of insulation fiberboards adapted to tropical environment, since the development of such materials still faces important knowledge gaps: -The quality of the tropical species studied here has never been evaluated at fiber scale.
Morphological analysis The morphological analysis has been performed on the PLANET platform (UMR IATE, Montpellier). The particle size distributions of the studied fractions were analyzed with a laser granulometer (LS 13 320 XR, Beckman Coulter) in dry mode. Five replicates of 5 g per material were tested, showing good reproducibility. Mean diameter (d50) and specific surface area (SSA) were determined for each sample. In addition, the milled fractions were automatically air-sprayed onto a glass slide and analyzed using a particles shape analyzer (Morphologi 4, Malvern). High-definition images of each isolated particle were recorded, providing reliable and accurate data for the determination of particles' shape parameters (circularity and elongation). A mean number of 47 727 particles were analyzed for each sample.
Wood physical and chemical characteristics based on past surveys on Guyanese wood properties (Gérard et al. 2016; Gérard et al. 2019). N: number of tested specimens; D12: wood density at 12% of relative humidity; FSP: Fiber Saturation Point. Standard deviation is given in brackets. Cellulose and lignin contents were measured by the Kürschner and Klason methods respectively. Extractives were extracted in water. *Database reports measurement performed on Cecropia genus without specifying the studied species.
Wood physical and chemical characteristics based on past surveys on Guyanese wood properties (Gérard et al. 2016; Gérard et al. 2019). N: number of tested specimens; D12: wood density at 12% of relative humidity; FSP: Fiber Saturation Point. Standard deviation is given in brackets. Cellulose and lignin contents were measured by the Kürschner and Klason methods respectively. Extractives were extracted in water. *Database reports measurement performed on Cecropia genus without specifying the studied species. Physical properties Biochemical composition SPECIES N D12 FSP (%) N Cellulose (%) Lignin (%) Extractives (%) Ashes (%) D. guianensis 90 0. 79 (0. 05) 28. 6 (2. 3) 7 45. 5 (2. 0) 35. 9 (2. 1) 4. 4 (1. 5) 0. 7 (0. 3) S. rubra 28 0. 66 (0. 04) 29. 4 (2. 8) 3 47. 8 (2. 7) 31. 7 (3. 3) 9. 1 (2.
Subsequent novel instrumentation has allowed unprecedented access to the fluid draining through the interior of the hillslope  (Rempe and Dietrich, 2018; Tune et al. , 2020). We have previously used the major ion concentrations and Li isotope signatures of these fluids to constrain the silicate weathering reactions that govern solute production and cycling across the vadose zone and through the shallow aquifer in a forward, multi-component numerical reactive transport framework  (Golla et al. , 2021). From this basis, we now leverage a novel data set of hydrologic monitoring, water isotopes, and Li isotope signatures to uncover sensitivity in the rock-derived solutes of a characteristically chemostatic stream across a storm hydrograph.