dataesr/scientific-paragraphs-categorization huggingface dataset:
2. 0 (Plummer 2015) run using the rjags package  (Plummer 2013)  in Program R, version 3. 4. 3 (see ESM 4 for JAGS code). We estimated parameters using vague priors (see ESM 4 for priors and initial values). We used 3000 posterior samples from three Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) chains based on 3000 iterations after an adaptation period of 5000, a burn-in of 10,000 and thinning interval of 3. We assessed model convergence both visually and by using the "R hat" Gelman-Rubin statistic  (Gelman and Rubin 1992 ) and found the 95% upper limits of potential scale reduction factors to equal 1 for all estimated parameters, indicating that convergence was achieved. We assessed the it of our two models to the data (i. e. posterior predictive checks) by simulating capture recaptures histories from our two models at each iteration and comparing the number of simulated recaptures for the 3000 posterior samples with the number of observed recaptures.
Acknowledgements Data collection would have not been possible without the contribution of several people working in the ield, in particular,  Max Loubon ,  Margaux Rat ,  Lara Broom , and all the students and volunteers that contributed to the annual sociable weaver captures. We thank  Sophie Lardy  for the helpful discussion regarding the study design and analysis, and two reviewers for relevant and helpful comments. De Beers Consolidated Mines permitted us to work at  Benfontein Reserve.
Funding The sociable weaver project and the present study have been supported by funding from the  FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology (DST-NRF Centre of Excellence)  at the  University of Cape Town (South Africa) , the  European program Marie Curie-IRSES  ( FP7-PEOPLE-2012-IRSES; 'Cooperation' 318994 ),  FCT (Portugal)  through grants  IF/01411/2014/CP1256/CT0007  and  PTDC/ BIA-EVF/5249/2014  to RC and  ANR (France)  through Project  ANR-15-CE32-0012-02  to CD. This work was conducted under the  CNRS-CIBIO Laboratoire International Associé (LIA)  and the  OSU OREME.
Acknowledgements This work was funded by the  AMIDEX  project ' Microbio-E' (Aix-Marseille University ). I thank the participants in Microbio-E and their colleagues who kindly answered my questions. I also thank  Marie-Thérèse Giudici  and  Pierre Fournier  for supervising my work. The phrase 'project-ed community' was suggested by the organisers of the  STS Austria Workshop on Community  and Identity in Contemporary Technosciences held in Vienna in February 2017. Karen Kastenhofer  and  Susan Molyneux-Hodgson  and two anonymous reviewers provided precious feedback on previous versions of this manuscript.
EEG methodology EEG data were recorded using 21 scalp electrodes (10-20 system),  19  with systematically two additional anteriortemporal electrodes on each side (T1, TA1, T2, TA2) to explore the lower part of the temporal lobes (Fig. 1 ). 13, 36, 40 A polygraphic recording was performed, systematically adding two EMG electrodes on deltoid muscles and an electrocar- diographic trace. Depending on the indications, Fpz and/or Oz were added. More rarely, only in presurgical assessment of drug-resistant epilepsies, other electrodes, according to the 10-10 system, were added. 1  Sphenoidal and nasopharyngeal electrodes were not used. Impedances were all below 5 k. The activity was digitally filtered with a bandpass of 0. 3-70 Hz and a notch filter of 50 Hz. Bipolar and referential montages were used.
Results During the study period, 1175 patients were recorded. Twelve of them have been excluded from the study because of incomplete clinical data or EEG recording. The studied population includes 1163 subjects with a mean age of 33. 9 ± 16. 3 years (range 1-84). There were 625 females (53. 7%) and 538 males (46. 3%). The mean duration of EEG monitoring was 45. 11 ± 23. 53 hours (range 24-192). There were 917 patients with a diagnosis of epilepsy (79%) and 246 non-epileptic patients (21%). Out of 1163 patients, we identified 710 patients (61%) with BEVs, 418 (59%) females, and 292 (41%) males (sex ratio F/M 1. 43), with a mean age of 33. 88 ± 16. 25 years. Among them, 352 had only one BEV (49. 6%) in the same recording, while 224 (31. 5%) had two different BEVs, 105 (14. 8%) of subjects had three BEVs, and 29 (4%) of sub-     1.
Primer sequences are reported in  Sinnappah et al. (2001) ,  Verneau et al. (2009) and Héritier et al. (2015). COI was amplified using the combination of primers L-CO1p/H-Cox1p2  (Littlewood et al. , 1997). All PCR products were sent to the Genoscreen Company (Lille, France) for purification and sequencing with their respective forward and reverse PCR primers. Sequences were read and edited with the software Geneious (Saint Joseph, Missouri, USA) to check chromatograms before use for phylogenetic and distance analyses.
Morphology and morphometry Parasites were examined and photographed using a Zeiss Imager Axio10 compound microscope (Zeiss, Germany) fitted with a Zeiss Axio cam 305 camera (Zeiss, Germany). Morphological structures and organs were measured in micrometres using the Zeiss Zen Blue elements (Zeiss, Germany) software program. Hamuli were respectively measured from the apex behind the hook to the tip of the guard (Length X) and to the handle (Length Y), and the hook from tip to base (Length Z). Full-body images of type specimens were taken using a Nikon AZ100M microscope (Nikon, Netherlands) fitted with a low powered 1× objective. Illustrations were done in Adobe Illustrator CC (Adobe, California). Additional taxonomic measurements for M. porosissimae were taken from the type   egg; gb, genital bulb; gc, genito-intestinal canal; ha, hamuli; hp, haptor; ic, intestinal caecum; mo, mouth; oc, oncomiracidium; od, oviduct; oi, oö-vitelline canal; os, false oral sucker; ov, ovarium; ph, pharynx; su, sucker; sv, semen vesicle; te, testis; ut, uterus; va, vagina; vd, vas deferens; vi, vitelline; vv, vitello-vaginal canal.
Genetic divergences between Metapolystoma species and parasite phylogeny Some of the 18S, 28S and COI sequences used in this study were retrieved from GenBank, while the others were obtained and submitted under accession numbers MW053457, MW053458 and MW054236 to MW054249 (Table  3 ). The final alignment, which had resulted in 3. 977 characters, contained 19 taxa, among which 13 specimens of Metapolystoma and six specimens characterizing distinct species of Polystoma. Minimum and maximum distances with standard deviation as estimated among Metapolystoma species were as follows. M. falcatum n. sp. (18S: 0. 051% ± 0. 0003-0. 051 ± 0. 0005%; 28S: 0. 42% ± 0. 001-1. 42% ± 0. 002; COI: 8. 6% ± 0. 016-15. 68% 0. 023); M. multiova n. sp. (18S: 0-0. 1% ± 0. 0007); 28S: 0. 28% ± 0. 001-1. 64% ± 0. 003; COI: 12.
Acknowledgements We are grateful to all the colleagues, assistants and students who assisted in field work, in particular to  Miguel Vences ,  Che Weldon  and various Malagasy students. Research was conducted in a collaborative effort between the  North-West University , the  Association Nationale pour la Gestion des Aires Protégées  and the  Département de Biologie Animale de l'Université d'Antananarivo. We are grateful to the Malagasy authorities who provided the necessary research and export permits. We are also grateful to  Annemarie Ohler  at the  Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris  who allowed us to dissect several museum specimens for additional parasite material. Funding was provided by the  Volkswagen Foundation  , Grant number:  VE247/2-1 , the  Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft  and the  CNRS.
Participants Children aged between 8 and 10 years old were recruited in 2019 through flyers distributed in schools and afterschool leisure centers and by contacting parents registered in the ChemoSens Platform's PanelSens database [Commission Nationale de l'Informatique et des Libertés (CNIL, n 1148039)] to participate in two mid-afternoon snacks in the laboratory. To be included, children had to attend primary schools (3rd, 4th, and 5th grades), regularly consume a mid-afternoon snack, and be consumers of apple and cottage cheese ("fromage blanc" in French). Exclusion criteria were diagnosed feeding disorder, diabetes, and/or food allergy. The methodology complies with the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by an ethics committee (Comité de Protection des Personnes Ile-de-France II IDRCB 2019-A00890-57).
Coding of Oral Processing Behaviors In each booth, children were videotaped to make the description of their oral processing behaviors possible and assess the consumption duration for both preload types. Behaviors were coded using Noldus The Observer R software by a single trained video coder. The coding scheme (see Table  1 ) was inspired by the one used in Fogel and colleagues  (17). The validity of the   4 ; mid-afternoon snacks starting with apple segments or applesauce were balanced between children). coding scheme was checked by estimating the agreement with another trained coder (Pearson correlation coefficients for the coded variables: r = 0. 75 to 0. 99) on a subsample of 10 randomly selected videos.
Anthropometric Measurements Children's weight and height were measured in duplicate by a trained experimenter. Children were weighed to the nearest 0. 1 kg using a digital scale (PHARO 200, Soehnle, Benfeld, Germany) without shoes. Their length was measured to the nearest 0. 1 cm using a stadiometer (TANITA Leicester, Birmingham, UK). Weight and height were transformed into BMI z-scores (BMIz) corrected for age and sex according to the WHO child growth reference for school-aged children and adolescents  (36). Statistical Analysis SAS 9. 3 for Windows (SAS Institute Inc. , Cary, NC) was used to perform the analyses. The results are expressed as the means ± SDs. Significance was set at p < 0. 05. To check that the food oral processing behaviors and oral exposure time thereof were significantly different between the two types of preload, paired Student's t-tests were calculated on the oral processing variables.
Objectives In this paper, we used a network approach to gain a deeper understanding of the nature and structure of the interrelationships between interpersonal socio-emotional competencies school adjustment and school performance. We analyzed data from a large study of French vocational high school students (ProFan). Vocational high schools are part of the French education system enabling pupils to learn a trade by gradually moving from the school environment to the world of work often through dual training courses alternating between the workplace and school. Vocational high school students constitute a heterogeneous population mainly from low to average income socio-economic backgrounds, and whose socio-emotional and school functioning is largely underexplored. In this study, we assessed: (1) three interpersonal socio-emotional competencies-socio-emotional behaviors, empathy and collective orientation; (2) four school adjustment measures-adaptation to the institution, self-perceived school competence, self-regulation at school, and school anxiety; and (3) grades in French language and mathematics.
Participants The sample is drawn from the ProFan project, a large research project launched in 2017 by the French Ministry of Education, which tested the impact of collaborative learning on several major outcomes, such as socio-emotional functioning, academic performance, or school adaptation. Two cohorts of students from 109 French vocational high schools participated in this longitudinal research project. Their vocational studies were business, health services, and electricity. The high schools included in the study were chosen by the French Ministry of Education, on a voluntary basis. The classes were selected randomly in these schools, and the study was part of the curriculum, so that the students were obliged to participate. This analysis focuses on data from the initial baseline of the second cohort, which was collected in October-December 2018 from 4342 students (57% females, mean age 16.
Procedure The data were collected during school hours in the schools' computer rooms. The students had to fill out an online questionnaire containing 251 items. This questionnaire included items relating to socio-emotional competencies, school adjustment, and academic performance. Other items related to beliefs and attitudes concerning school or learning, and items relating to students' functioning in class were also part of the questionnaire, but were not used in this analysis (see Supplementary Appendix D). The questionnaire was presented online using a specially designed internet platform.
Measures of School Performance The participants were asked to provide their grades in mathematics and French language obtained the year preceding the data collection. Self-reported grades have been shown to be reliable, especially for children from grades 9 to 11  (Sticca et al. , 2017). Grades in the French education system are based on a 20point scale. We collected self-reported grades on a five-point scale (1 = 0-4. 9; 2 = 5-8. 9; 3 = 9-12. 9; 4 = 13-15. 9; and 4 = 16-20) to avoid over or under reports.
Data Preparation To remove invalid data, we computed a variability score for each scale and each participant, using an intraindividual standard deviation (iSD) coefficient. We chose to remove data from each participant showing no variation (iSD = 0) in scales using reversed items, which suggested that they had systematically responded with the same pattern of responses, independently of the meaning of the items. Around 20% of the data were thus removed, leading to a final sample of 3,385 participants aged 15-20 years (60% female, mean age 16. 35 years).
Analysis Network Construction 1 Partial correlation networks were computed using the R package qgraph  (Epskamp et al. , 2012; Epskamp and Fried, 2018). The full R code for these analyses can be 1 Although we did not have any hypothesis concerning any gender effect in the structure and strength of interrelations in the network. We ran two exploratory analyses to compute different networks for girls and boys. It is indeed not possible to include both binary and non-binary variables in the network to control for or explore the effect of gender  (Van Borkulo et al. , 2014). The networks can be viewed in the Supplementary Appendix B. The networks show similar structures and central variables for boys and girls. found in the Supplementary Appendix B. We performed a lasso regularization of the networks using EBIC selection (hyperparameter λ = 0.
Centrality Two centrality indexes were computed: Strength and Betweenness. Strength is the sum of weighted values of its connections with other nodes in the network. It provides information on the importance of the node in the network and therefore its potential influence over the entire network  (Bringmann et al. , 2019). Betweenness reflects the frequency with which a given node lies in the shortest path between two other nodes. It is an indicator of indirect connections and provides information on the mediatory paths between several nodes of the network. These centrality indexes were assessed using the R package qgraph  (Epskamp et al. , 2012). A central node (high strength) with high betweenness will rapidly affect the whole network and reciprocally  (Epskamp et al. , 2018).
Human factors have always been an important part of research in industry, but more recently the idea of sustainable development has attracted considerable interest for manufacturing companies and management practitioners. Incorporating human factors into a decision system is a difficult challenge for manufacturing companies because the data related to human factors are difficult to sense and integrate into the decision-making processes. Our objectives with this review are to propose an overview of the different methods to measure human factors, of the solutions to reduce the occupational strain for workers and of the technical solutions to integrate these measures and solutions into a complex industrial decision system. The Scopus database was systematically searched for works from 2014 to 2021 that describe some aspects of human factors in industry.
Data Sources and Search Strategies We systematically searched the Scopus electronic database. Only peer-reviewed articles written in English were declared eligible. Table  1  presents the keywords used for the research. They are structured into two classes with Industry 4. 0-related terms searched together with human factor-related ones. These keywords were chosen by aggregating the keywords of other related reviews, and our own keywords were added based on past experiences. The combination of keywords meant that no pertinent results could be found before 2014. Although studies related to the field of industry exist in the literature before this date, it was considered here that the technological and organizational evolution observed and foreseen in Industry 4. 0 limits the validity of these studies in this new context.
Sometimes coupled with simulation models, these very precise data allow an assessment of the mechanical efforts felt by operators. Surprisingly, very few works confront these models to the actual health of the operators, for example, via some questionnaires. Due to time constraints and the difficulty of reproducing long-term physical strains in the laboratory, studies related to this objective usually rely on simulation techniques. Again, there is a lack of model validation that can be observed from a global point of view, and the actual effects on the operators are generally not assessed. Finally, as expected, psychosocial risks are usually assessed by using questionnaires and observation methods. This result was expected due to the lack of availability of measurement methodologies and corresponding devices.
We examine how social contacts and feelings of solidarity shape experiences of loneliness during the COVID-19 lockdown in early 2020. From the PsyCorona database, we obtained longitudinal data from 23 countries, collected between March and May 2020. Results demonstrated that, although online contacts help to reduce feelings of loneliness, people who feel more lonely are less likely to use that strategy. Solidarity played only a small role in shaping feelings of loneliness during lockdown. Thus, it seems we must look beyond the current focus on online contact and solidarity to help people address feelings of loneliness during lockdown. Finally, online contacts did not function as a substitute for face-to-face contacts outside the home -in fact, more frequent online contact in earlier weeks predicted more frequent face-to-face contacts in later weeks.
That is, feelings of loneliness may be avoided through feelings of solidarity with one's group, which offers a more indirect form of connectedness  (Hunt & Benford, 2004; Putnam, 2000; Subašić et al. , 2008). The present research, then, examines how online contact and solidarity shaped feelings of loneliness over the course of the lockdown. By analysing whether there is evidence for the ideas outlined above, our results will be informative in managing (possible) future lockdown periods. Using data from the global PsyCorona database (www. psycorona. org), we studied responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in a convenience sample of 4,606 participants from 23 countries, over a 6-week period between late March and early May 2020. Using a random intercept cross-lagged panel model (RI-CLPM, Hamaker et al.
Method Our longitudinal study was planned and embedded within a larger longitudinal study examining the COVID-19 pandemic (PsyCorona project). For information on the PsyCorona project, please refer to the supplement. For the purposes of the current project, we extracted a subsample of the complete dataset. The supplement gives details on how the dataset used in the current project was extracted from the PsyCorona dataset (in the section 'Data Sharing Procedure'). Data were collected in line with APA ethical guidelines.
Project registration and data availability. The project was approved by the ethics board at the University of Groningen under project number PSY-1920-S-0390, and at NYU Abu Dhabi under protocol HRPP-2020-42. The codebook for the full PsyCorona survey is available at https://osf. io/qhyue/. Data and syntax for this project are available at https://osf. io/rgxhz/? view_only=27e2cbc3311947c39dbfd088a48de71f. This project was not pre-registered.
Procedure For the purposes of this project, we identified the lockdown phase as running from the middle of March to the start of May. There is some variance by country with regards to when the lockdown started, what precisely it entailed, and when it ended. This variance is captured in the multilevel structure of our model, which uses Country as the level 2 variable. Broadly however, around mid-March a large number of countries had instituted some form of lockdown, or were preparing to begin lockdown, as can be seen in Figure  1  (based on the Oxford Stringency database;  Hale et al. , 2020). At the start of May, several countries were beginning to relax their lockdown restrictions (see Figure  1 ), and as such we considered the start of May to be a suitable cut-off point. In sum, our analysis focuses on a time period from the 19 th of March to the 02 nd of May.
Strengths and Limitations. The dataset used in this work has both strengths and limitations. First, the longitudinal nature of the dataset is a strength, following people over a 6-week period during the height of lockdown. At the same time, 6 weeks is a relatively short period, and as such this dataset might be more accurately described as 'shortitudinal'  (Dormann & Griffin, 2015). Certainly, it seems reasonable to assume that phenomena such as loneliness develop over longer periods of time, and we might thus expect the effects we identify here to be strengthened if the full lockdown had been longer. Second, participants from many different countries were included in the dataset. This feature, too, represents both a strength, in the sense that many diverse perspectives were included, but also a weakness, in the sense that not all countries were equally represented -the United States and European countries were over-represented.
Conclusion. In this work, we examined how people can meet their need for social connectedness and avoid loneliness during the COVID-19 lockdown, when face-to-face contacts were restricted. We analyse inter-relationships amongst feelings of loneliness, solidarity, online contact and face-to-face contact, using longitudinal data collected over a six-week period between March-May 2020. We situated these findings within the public discourse on the lockdown, to highlight areas of misunderstanding between the public interpretation of lockdown and the findings arising from the data. Our analysis highlights, first, that although online contacts are beneficial in combating feelings of loneliness, they cannot fully substitute face-to-face contact. Second, our analysis highlights that feelings of loneliness limited people's ability to reach out to others via available means (e.
Methods Our primary goal is to examine the role of narcissism in entrepreneurship throughout the entire entrepreneurial process. Particularly, we used six independent datasets (N ¼ 4798) collected in France, Japan, and the Netherlands to examine the link between narcissism and various aspects of entrepreneurship. These include entrepreneurial intention, (individual and business) entrepreneurial orientation, entrepreneurial choice, entrepreneurial success, and well-being of entrepreneur. The definition of each aspect can be found in section 1. 2 of the Supplementary Information (SI) Appendix. The six data sets allow for eleven separate studies (Table  1 ) which result in 20 different associations between narcissism and entrepreneurship (Tables  2  and 3 ). A full description of our methodology, data, supplementary analyses, and translations can also be found in our SI Appendix.