dataesr/scientific-paragraphs-categorization huggingface dataset:
Acknowledgments The authors wish to thank the co-editor and the two anonymous reviewers for their comments and suggestions. This research has been supported by the project  SI1/PJI/2019-00488  funded by  Comunidad Autónoma de Madrid  and  Universidad Autónoma de Madrid. FR research studies are also supported by the project  ID2019-103987GB-C33  funded by the  Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation.
Particularly, the warm Greenland current, flowing north on the Greenland side, and the colder waters on the Canadian side, flowing south (Baffin Island current), induce an evenly retreating ice edge, allowing a straightforward sampling strategy. From the Green Edge project, two separate data papers were produced. One paper by  Massicotte et al. (2020)  describes the dataset generated during two ice-camp campaigns on landfast ice  (2015 and 2016). The latter paper is related to a dataset published in 2019 on SEANOE: https://www. seanoe. org/data/00487/59892/ (last access: 28 September 2022). The second paper (the present paper by  Bruyant et al. , 2022)  provides an overview of the dataset gathered during an oceanographic cruise conducted in Central Baffin Bay in 2016. For more clarity, we created a second dataset on SEANOE associated with the present paper: https://doi.
org/10. 17882/86417 (Bruyant et al. , 2022). This 2022 DOI contains the final version of all the cruise data that could be formatted to be published by SEANOE (see Sect. 6 Data availability). Note that the first dataset  (Massicotte et al. , 2020)  contained some of the cruise data for the sake of contextualizing the ice-camp dataset.
Light field and bio-optics The characteristics of the light field (quantity and quality) passing through snow and sea ice into the water column were assessed, as light is the most important parameter triggering the PSB. From the top of the CCGS Amundsen wheelhouse, the total solar downwelling radiation was measured using a pyranometer (0. 3 to 300 µm wavelength) and a radiometer (visible range 300 to 750 nm). Surface radiometry was performed using a HyperSAS (hyperspectral surface acquisition system, SeaBird Scientific, USA) placed on the bow of the ship, including simultaneous measurements of hyperspectral above-water downward irradiance (E d (0 + , λ)) and sky and surface radiance (L sky (0 + , λ) or L tot (0 + , λ)). Data https://doi. org/10. 5194/essd-14-4607-2022 Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 4607-4642, 2022 were recorded at each FULL and BASIC station in open waters.
All measurements were made at 19 different wavelengths between 320 and 875 nm. A profiling optical package was deployed at 28 stations to measure the inherent optical properties (IOPs) of seawater. The measured properties (and sensors) included the fluorescence of chlorophyll a and fluorescent dissolved organic matter (FDOM) (WetLabs, Eco Triplets), spectral total non-water absorption coefficients between 360 and 764 nm (HOBI Labs a-Sphere), particle backscattering coefficient at six different wavelengths  (HOBI Labs, 394, 420, 470, 532, 620  and 700 nm) together with CTD data (Sea-Bird SBE 19plus attached to the package). In addition, discrete water samples were taken at each FULL and BA-SIC station to measure in the lab the CDOM absorption coefficient (a CDOM ) between 200 and 722 nm using an Ultrapath (World Precision Instruments) and the phytoplankton and non-algal particle absorption coefficients between 200 and 860 nm determined from the "inside sphere" filter-pad technique  (Röttgers and Gehnke, 2012; Stramski et al.
, 2015)  using a spectrophotometer equipped with a 155 mm integrating sphere (Perkin Elmer Lambda 19). Note that a CDOM , phytoplankton, and non-algal particle absorption coefficients were also measured on the bottom slice of thawed ice cores. The data revealed that the minimum light amount required for net phytoplankton growth (0. 415 mol m -2 d -1 ;  Letelier et al. , 2004 ) can be reached deeper under the ice than expected  (Randelhoff et al. , 2019). Further details of the light field measurements can be found in  Massicotte et al. (2020). Three optical profilers were also attached to the rosette carousel and rendered 203 profiles of CDOM fluorescence (FluoCDOM Wetlabs USA) and chlorophyll concentration (estimated from in situ fluorescence, Seapoint fluorometer, USA) as well as 87 profiles of light transmittance (WET Labs C-Star transmissometer, USA).
The IFCB takes pictures at a resolution of around 3. 4 pixels per µm. Image descriptors and features were extracted with Matlab using scripts developed by Heidi Sosik  (Sosik and Olson, 2007). Taxonomic determination was achieved using Ecotaxa  (Picheral et al. , 2017;  http://ecotaxa. obs-vlfr. fr, last access: 12 March 2022). Random forest algorithms were used for automatic classification. Reference sets and the validation of predictions were both done manually. Examples of specimens observed during the Green Edge campaigns can be found in  Massicotte et al. (2020). A total of 203 underwater vertical profiles were acquired using an Underwater Vision Profiler (UVP, model 5-DEEP, Hydroptics, France) installed on the frame of the rosette carousel. The UVP5 collects in-focus images in the small seawater volume lit by its light emitting diodes (LEDs) as it is lowered in the water column.
Sampled birds were frozen at -20 • C until laboratory analyses. A first study aimed to investigate the co-distribution of seabirds and their fish prey along the MIZ  (LeBlanc et al. , 2019). To this end, stomach contents were examined for 74 birds (35 murres, 30 fulmars, and 9 kittiwakes) under a dissecting microscope. Otoliths were retrieved and used to identify fish species, age, and size. A second focus was the recording of plastic in the stomachs. Plastic data are used in OSPAR monitoring and AMAP working groups on plastic pollution. A third study aimed to determine the birds' association to sea ice and ice-derived resources by the combination of different trophic markers. Hence, liver, muscle, and blood https://doi. org/10. 5194/essd-14-4607-2022 Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 4607-4642, 2022 (from the cardiac clot) samples were collected from a total of 52 bird carcasses (27 murres, 14 auks, 3 kittiwakes, and 8 fulmars), on which highly branched isoprenoids (HBIs), carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes, and fatty acids were measured.
Data availability Making such a large and diverse dataset available to others requires the use of many different platforms. Administrative rules and previous habits and commitments explain why our dataset is hosted by various websites, with some of it in more than one place (see in Table  3  the link and file information, when applicable for each parameter acquired during the cruise). Some funding agencies require data to be deposited in a specific database as a deliverable. In our case, the "Les Enveloppes Fluides et l'Environnement-Cycles Biogéochimiques Environnement et Ressources" (LEFE-CYBER) repository is our main host: http://www. obs-vlfr. fr/proof/php/GREENEDGE/x_datalist_ 1. php?xxop=greenedge&xxcamp=amundsen (last access: 29 September 2022). This is where all data and associated metadata can be found for the Green Edge cruise.
Particularly, detailed metadata files associated with each variable contain the principal investigator's contact information. For specific questions, the PI associated with the data should be contacted directly. The LEFE-CYBER platform, however, does not deliver DOI, which is a very important feature for visibility of data. To obtain a DOI for the Green Edge cruise dataset (https://doi. org/10. 17882/86417, Bruyant et al. , 2022) , we uploaded the available formatted data on SEANOE (SEA scieNtific Open data Edition) under the CC-BY license: https://www. seanoe. org/data/00752/86417 (last access: 29 September 2022). All data hosted on the SEANOE website have been formatted as described in Sect. 3, but not all the data's original formats allow transformation into the ". csv" file type. It is therefore important to keep a repository up to date where one can find all raw data.
Major long-term research programs often have their own repository/database available that has been used since the onset of their research. While the data of the BGC-Argo floats we deployed during the Green Edge cruise are hosted on the LEFE-CYBER repository, they also have been made available, together with the entire BGC-Argo dataset, from the https://doi. org/10. 5194/essd-14-4607-2022 Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 4607-4642, 2022  As for any scientific cruise, a large amount of data was acquired by many people. Even though guidelines had been suggested ahead of time for data formatting, merging, and storage, a tremendous amount of effort was necessary to collect, assemble, and standardize the data. It is important that a clear and streamlined data management plan be established ahead of time to avoid errors or loss of data in the merging process.
Conclusions The Green Edge cruise was of typical oceanographic design. In terms of goal achievement, the cruise was extremely successful and generated an impressive dataset over a diverse set of disciplines, providing a global picture of the explored environment and of all the processes fuelling the Arctic food web. Figure  4b  represents all interactions existing and/or measured during the cruise between compartments of the various trophic levels. The generated dataset contains a much larger number of parameters than those presented in this paper. All data can be obtained from the data repository and provide an excellent opportunity for re-use and comparison with other Arctic datasets. A special issue of the Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene journal entitled "Green Edge -The phytoplankton spring bloom in the Arctic Ocean: past, present and future response to climate variations, and impact on carbon fluxes and the marine food web" contains a collection of research papers referring to this cruise.
Acknowledgments: The authors would like to thank the  "Hom'Age group ",  Odile Letortu , and  Vincent de la Sayette  for their help in the recruitment of AD patients, as well as the " Maison Vauban" (Laurent Urso ) and  Nicolas Cabé  for their help in the recruitment of KS patients. We are also grateful to the neuropsychologists involved in this study ( Caroline Mauger ,  Marion Hommet ,  Céline Boudehent , and  Coralie Lannuzel ) and other collaborators ( François Vabret ,  Hélène Beaunieux ,  Ludivine Ritz ,  Arnaud Mortier ).
Hofmann et al. , 2020). As, so far, no attempts have been made to directly date these moraines with modern techniques, these stratigraphic correlations should be considered with caution. According to data from sediment cores from the Katzensteig mire obtained by the Baden-Württemberg State Institute for the Environment, Survey and Nature Conservation (LUBW), the Laacher See Tephra (deposited at 13 006 ± 9 cal a BP;  Reinig et al. , 2021)  is apparently present slightly above the bottom of the mire (cf. Hofmann et al. , 2020). This suggests that the terminal moraines at the margin of the mire are at least 13 ka old. A bulk sample from the base of a sediment core from a small mire in the upper part of the Wittenbach cirque (Fig. 1 ) was dated to 11 110-9904 cal a BP [2σ interval; median probability: 10 462 cal a BP; recalculated from Friedmann (1998/9) with the OxCal software  (v.
The topographic shielding factor for this sampling site was determined with an ArcGIS toolbox  (Li, 2018)  and a DTM (xy-resolution: about 30 m at the equator) derived from data of the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM; NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, 2013). As both approaches yielded similar shielding factors for all remaining boulders (R 2 = 0. 93; p < 0. 01), those determined with the toolbox of  Li (2018)  were chosen for 10 Be CRE age calculations. The mass and the thickness of the rock fragments in each sample were recorded to compute the mass-weighted average of the sample's thickness for CRE age calculations. A detailed sample documentation is provided in the Supporting Information (Appendix S1). 10 Be geochemistry Quartz separation from the rock samples and 10 Be extraction from the purified quartz were conducted in the laboratory facilities of the University of Freiburg (Germany) and the Laboratoire National des Nucléides Cosmogéniques (LN 2 C) in Aix-en-Provence (France).
Determination of 10 Be CRE ages Apparent 10 Be CRE ages were calculated with the online cosmic ray exposure program (CREp;  Martin et al. , 2017)  available at https://crep. otelo. univ-lorraine. fr (last accessed: 1 September 2021). The following parameters were selected: the 10 Be production rate deduced from rock samples from the Chironico landslide (southern Switzerland;  Claude et al. , 2014) , which is the closest 10 Be production rate reference site to the study area, time-dependent 'Lm' scaling  (Nishiizumi et al. , 1989; Lal, 1991; Stone, 2000; Balco et al. , 2008) , the ERA atmosphere model  (Uppala et al. , 2005) , as suggested by  Martin et al. (2017) , and the atmospheric 10 Be-based geomagnetic database of  Muscheler et al. (2005). The assumed spallogenic 10 Be production rate amounts to 4.
Recalculation of 10 Be CRE ages from key moraine records in Central Europe To allow for pertinent comparison, 83 previously published 10 Be CRE ages for key sites in mountainous regions in Central Europe and their forelands were recalculated (Tables  S1  and S2 ). As the climate south of the main weather divide in the Alps differs substantially from the climate further north  (Glaser et al. , 2013) , the area of interest was restricted to the region north and NE of the main weather divide. All necessary data for recalculation of the 10 Be CRE ages were either retrieved from the original publications or obtained from the authors. Outliers were excluded as suggested by the authors. Recalculation of the 10 Be CRE ages was performed in the CREp calculator with the same parameters listed above.
This calculator requires 10 Be concentrations computed with the 07KNSTD standardization as input  (Martin et al. , 2017). As most of the previously published 10 Be concentrations were determined with other standardizations, they were first recalculated with appropriate conversion factors. These were retrieved from a MATLAB script of version 2. 3 of the online exposure age calculator, formerly known as the CRONUS-Earth online exposure age calculator (make_al_be_-consts_v23. m;  Balco, 2007). If topographic shielding factors were not reported in the original publications, they were determined with an SRTM-DTM (xy-resolution: about 30 m at the equator; NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, 2013) and the ESRI ArcGIS toolbox of  Li (2018). The ages were not corrected for snow cover and postglacial denudation.
, 2015). Gross et al. (1977)  found that an AAR of 0. 67 is appropriate for glaciers in the European Alps. Kern and László (2010)  later showed that this value is only appropriate for larger glaciers and that smaller AARs are sufficient to keep small glaciers in a steady state. We argue that the glaciers in the Alps in their dataset are probably the best analogues for the former glaciers in the study area. Based on the data presented in  Kern and László (2010)  where s is the surface of the glacier (km 2 ). We assume that the error of the AARs calculated with Equation (1) does not depend on the size. Thus, the differences between the actual AARs and the AARs derived with Equation (1) was computed for every glacier in the Alps included in the study of  Kern and László (2010). The standard deviation of these values (0.
056) was considered the AAR uncertainty. AAR-ELAs were determined with the ArcGIS toolbox of  Pellitero et al. (2015). The AAR method has been heavily criticized, as it neglects the hypsometry of a glacier which may significantly influence the position of the ELA  (Pearce et al. , 2017). In contrast, the AABR method explicitly takes this factor into account  (Rea, 2009). Rea (2009)  published a large global dataset with AABRs. To ensure comparability with the ELAs derived with the AAR method, we chose the mean AABR for the European Alps (1. 59) derived from data of 12 glaciers. However, as mentioned by  Boston et al. (2015) , most of them were in retreat, which may induce errors in ELA reconstructions. To take the high variation of the balance ratios of the glaciers in the Alps into account (1σ = 0.
Acknowledgements. F. M. H. is in receipt of a PhD scholarship of  Studienstiftung des Deutschen Volkes. This study was also financially supported by the  German Research Foundation  through the ' Geometry, chronology and dynamics of the last Pleistocene glaciation of the Black Forest ' project ( PR 957/3-1 ) granted to  F. P. Florian Rauscher  and  Alexander Fülling  are acknowledged for their support during fieldwork. The farmers and landowners, particularly  Martin Rudiger ,  Roland Klingele  and  Philipp Hansul , are thanked for their permission for sampling. The forestry department of the Breisgau-Hochschwarzwald district provided a forest access permit. The nature protection department as well as the forest policy and conservation department of  Regierungspräsidium Freiburg  are acknowledged for the permission to obtain samples for 10 Be CRE dating in the Feldberg natural reserve.
This last category represents 16% of the Oryzomyini and 40% of the Dasyproctidae. Note that the most fragmented mandibles might not have been recovered and included in our dataset because of the method of study and recovery of the material used for the T-2 and T-3 excavation sites. Conversely, the mandible remains that were recovered from the T-1 category have been studied exhaustively and likely include all types of fragments, due to the good conditions and time dedicated to these zooarchaeological studies. In addition, 554 complete mandibles of modern rice rats originating from the South American continent (Table  S1. 2) serve as a basis for comparison in the direct application of the method developed. All these mandibles have already been analyzed  [35]. These mandibles belong to 24 genera, are not fragmented, and therefore preserve all the morphological information associated with taxonomic differentiation.
Methods The lateral view of each archaeological mandible fragment was photographed respecting the anatomical positioning of the mandibles. For agoutis, the correct position of the mandibles was checked using a bubble level. In the case of the smaller Oryzomyini mandibles, the position could only be visually inspected. Photographs of all the archeological material were captured by Marine Durocher (M. D. ) using a CANON EOS 80D camera, while South American Oryzomyini was captured by Renan Maestri (R. M. ) using a Nikon P100 camera  [36]. Results of the two data sets were contrasted but not pooled due to methodological and technical interstudy differences (camera and mandible positioning differ). A maximum of thirteen 2D landmarks were digitized by M. D. on each fragment using the TPSdig2 software package  [37].
A complete mandible was therefore characterized by 13 2D coordinates while a minimum of two coordinates were recorded on the smallest fragments. The protocol already established for South-American Sigmodontinae  [35]  was used and adapted to agouti. The protocols for the two rodents differ only by the position of landmark 13 which corresponds to the intersection between the corpus and the ventral insertion area of the anterior deep masseter in the agouti and to the most posterior-ventral limit of the mandibular symphysis for Oryzomyini (Table  S2 ). First, we assessed the number of landmarks present in each specimen (from 2 to 13). Frequency in the number of available landmarks was quantified, and visualized by a pie chart (package 'ggplot 2' v3. 1. 1; [38] ). Then, the frequency of each landmark presence was quantified, and visualized with a bar plot (package graphics v3.
5. 3;  [39] ). The second step was to define all possible fragmentation patterns, i. e. , all the combinations of 2 to 13 landmarks according to the fragmentation degree of the mandible (e. g. , landmarks #1, #4, and #12; landmarks #2 and #6;. ). For each number of landmarks (from 2 to 13) the frequencies of the three most common patterns were quantified and visualized with box plots. The R function "printbest" (available upon request) allows us to represent the three most frequent fragmentation patterns in the dataset per number of digitized landmarks. The difference of preservation between the two taxa was assessed with khi2 tests. In order to assess whether variation in the way remains was recovered from the excavation affects the number of identified fragments and fragmentation patterns, we observed the representation frequency of the most common fragmentation pattern in the assemblage, according to the three types of contexts and for the two rodents.
Acknowledgments: We would like to acknowledge the curators and staff of the different museums and institutions for kindly providing access to the archaeological collections under their care, Guadeloupe (including  Saint-Martin ) and  Martinique Departments of Archaeology (Regional Office of Cultural Affairs, French Ministry of Culture) ,  Antigua and Barbuda National Parks  and the  Barbuda Research Complex (BRC) , and the  Florida Museum of Natural History in Gainesville (FLMNH). Additionally, to the curators and staff who provide access to samples in biological collections of sigmodontine, including the FMNH, AMNH, NMNH, MLP, MNUFRJ, and  MZUSP. We are grateful to  Alexis Durocher  and  Anthony Herrel  for their help in language editing and revision. We also warmly thank the anonymous reviewers who gave helpful comments to improve the manuscript.
Acknowledgements (not compulsory) This work is partially supported by the  National Research Foundation (NRF)  under its  National Cybersecurity R&D Programme  (Award No. NRF2014NCR-NCR001-040 ). The authors also acknowledge the support from the  SUTD-MIT International Design Center  under the Grant # IDG31900101. A. B. is partially supported by the  Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR)  project  DATAREDUX  ( ANR-19-CE46-0008 ).
Acknowledgments The authors are very grateful to  Clement Nizak  for helpful discussions. This work has received support under the program " Investissements d'Avenir " launched by the  French Government  and implemented by  ANR  with the references  ANR-10-LABX-54   MEMOLIFE  and  ANR-10-IDEX-0001-02 PSL* Université Paris , Q-life  ANR-17-CONV-6150005 , and the project  ANR-19-CE45-0002  'ADHeC'  PSL research University.
Analysis Strategy All analyses were performed using Stata 13. 0 software (StataCorp). Proportions were compared using chi-square tests. We expected that double standards would be activated only in the social relational context through the question-order effect. A first preliminary analysis was conducted to determine whether there was a questionorder effect (Hypothesis 1), i. e. if responses to the parenthood norm for women and for men among female and male respondents varied between the two response contexts, the personal background context and the social relational context. Then, we examined whether gender double standards emerged only in the social relational context and not in the personal background context among female and male respondents (Hypothesis 2). First, in the social relational context (i.
Acknowledgements We thank  Géraldine Charrance  and  Efi Markou  ( Institut National d'Etudes Démographiques, Surveys department ) for their help in identifying relevant references on the question-order effect. We particularly thank colleagues from the  Institut National d'Etudes Démographiques  for helpful comments on an early version of the manuscript,  Marie Bergström ,  Magali Mazuy  and  Arnaud Régnier-Loilier. We thank  Laurent Toulemon  ( Institut National d'Etudes Démographiques ) for discussions on early results. We thank  Arnaud Bringé  ( Institut National d'Etudes Démographiques, Statistical Methods department ) for revi-.