dataesr/scientific-paragraphs-categorization huggingface dataset:
5 It is important to fund research that can provide an evidence base to inform optimal ways to assess science and faculty. Newer fields of investigation, such as journalology (publication science) and meta-research, help generate data on optimal ways to assess faculty. There was a strong call to promote experimental paradigms to evaluate initiatives. There have been several initiatives to reform how faculty is assessed for promotion and tenure. Any new initiative needs to have an evaluation component built into the process-does the new initiative (i. e. , intervention) have its intended effect? There are some initial data suggestive of an association between data sharing and increased citations  [77]. A more robust evaluation might include a clusterrandomised trial whereby different universities would be allocated to a data-sharing policy or standard university practice.
For nonclinical research, participants discussed the need to reward other types of openness, such as sharing of datasets, materials, software and methods used, and explicit acknowledgment of their exploratory nature, when appropriate  [58]. Finally, finding fair ways to reward team endeavors is critical, given the growing collaborative nature of research, which bibliometrics cannot properly assess. For example, some promotion and tenure committees largely disregard work for which the faculty candidate is not the first or senior author  [4]. Conversely, citation metrics that do not correct for multiple coauthorship and thus authors who are just appearing in long author mastheads can result in inappropriately high citation metrics. The fourth principle relates to openness-facilitating dissemination and use of research data and results by others.
ratio in research through defensible design and conduct standards, a well-trained methodological research workforce, continuing professional development, and involvement of nonconflicted stakeholders; (7) reward with funding and academic or other recognition reproducibility practices and reproducible research, and enable an efficient culture for replication of research; (8) people regulating research should use their influence to reduce other causes of waste and inefficiency in research; (9) regulators and policy makers should work with researchers, patients, and health professionals to streamline and harmonise the laws, regulations, guidelines, and processes that govern whether and how research can be done, and ensure that they are proportionate to the plausible risks associated with the research; (10) researchers and research managers should increase the efficiency of recruitment, retention, data monitoring, and data sharing in research through the use of research designs known to reduce inefficiencies, and do additional research to learn how efficiency can be increased; (11) everyone, particularly individuals responsible for healthcare systems, can help to improve the efficiency of clinical research by promoting integration of research in everyday clinical practice; (12) institutions and funders should adopt performance metrics that recognise full dissemination of research and reuse of original datasets by external researchers; (13) investigators, funders, sponsors, regulators, research ethics committees, and journals should systematically develop and adopt standards for the content of study protocols and full study reports, and for data-sharing practices; (14) funders, sponsors, regulators, research ethics committees, journals, and legislators should endorse and enforce study registration policies, wide availability of full study information, and sharing of participant-level data for all health research; (15) funders and research institutions must shift research regulations and rewards to align with better and more complete reporting; (16) research funders should take responsibility for reporting infrastructure that supports good reporting and archiving; and (17) funders, institutions, and publishers should improve the capability and capacity of authors and reviewers in high-quality and complete reporting.
Acknowledgments We would like to thank all the participants who contributed to the success of the workshop. We thank the following people for commenting on an earlier version of the paper:  Drs. R. (Rinze) Benedictus ,  Policy Advisor ,  UMC Utrecht & Science in Transition , the  Netherlands ;  Stephen Curry, PhD ,  Imperial College, London, UK ;  Ulrich Dirnagl, MD, PhD ,  Professor, Center for Stroke Research and Departments of Neurology  and  Experimental Neurology Charite-Universita ¨tsmedizin, Berlin, Germany ; Trish Groves, MRCPsych, Director of  Academic Outreach and Advocacy, BMJ Publishing Group ;  Chonnettia Jones, PhD , Director of Insight and Analysis,  Wellcome Trust, UK ;  Michael S. Lauer, MD , Deputy Director for Extramural Research,  NIH ;  Marcia McNutt, PhD ,  President, National Academy of Sciences, Washington ;  Malcolm MacLeod, MD ,  Professor of Neurology and Translational Neuroscience, University of Edinburgh, Scotland ;  Sally Morton, PhD ,  Dean of Science, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA ;  Daniel Sarewitz, PhD ,  Co-Director ,  Consortium for Science, Policy & Outcomes, School for the Future of Innovation in Society, Washington, DC ;  ReneVon Schomberg, PhD ,  Team Leader-Science Policy ,  European Commission, Belgium ;  James R.
Although the Amsterdam Call provides several actionable steps stakeholders can take, some of the actions face barriers to implementation. For example, to change assessment, evaluation, and reward schemes, one action is to sign DORA, although few organizations have done so. Similarly, even if hiring, promotion, and tenure committees wanted to move away from focusing solely on JIFs, it is unclear whether they could do so without the broader research institution agreeing to such modifications in assessing scientists. research information management; (11) the UK research system should take full advantage of ORCID as its preferred system of unique identifiers. ORCID IDs should be mandatory for all researchers in the next REF; (12) identifiers are also needed for institutions, and the most likely candidate for a global solution is the ISNI, which already has good coverage of publishers, funders, and research organizations; (13) publishers should mandate ORCID IDs and ISNIs and funder grant references for article submission and retain this metadata throughout the publication life cycle; (14) the use of DOIs should be extended to cover all research outputs; (15) further investment in research information infrastructure is required; (16) HEFCE, funders, HEIs, and Jisc should explore how to leverage data held in existing platforms to support the REF process, and vice versa; (17) BIS should identify ways of linking data gathered from research-related platforms (including Gateway to Research, Researchfish, and the REF) more directly to policy processes in BIS and other departments; in assessing outputs, we recommend that quantitative dataparticularly around published outputs-continue to have a place in informing peer-review judgements of research quality; in assessing impact, we recommend that HEFCE and the UK HE funding bodies build on the analysis of the impact case studies from REF2014 to develop clear guidelines for the use of quantitative indicators in future impact case studies; in assessing the research environment, we recommend that there is scope for enhancing the use of quantitative data but that these data need to be provided with sufficient context to enable their interpretation; (18) the UK research community needs a mechanism to carry forward the agenda set out in this report; (19) the establishment of a Forum for Responsible Metrics, which would bring together research funders, HEIs and their representative bodies, publishers, data providers, and others to work on issues of data standards, interoperability, openness, and transparency; research funders need to increase investment in the science of science policy; and (20) one positive aspect of this review has been the debate it has generated.
Purpose The EORTC IN-PATSAT32 is a patient-reported outcome measure (PROM) to assess cancer patients' satisfaction with in-patient health care. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the initial good measurement properties of the IN-PATSAT32 are confirmed in new studies. Methods Within the scope of a larger systematic review study (Prospero ID 42017057237), a systematic search was performed of Embase, Medline, PsycINFO, and Web of Science for studies that investigated measurement properties of the IN-PATSAT32 up to July 2017. Study quality was assessed, data were extracted, and synthesized according to the COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments (COSMIN) methodology. Results Nine studies were included in this review. The evidence on reliability and construct validity were rated as sufficient and of the quality of the evidence as moderate.
Literature search strategy The literature search was part of a larger systematic review (Prospero ID 42017057237  [14] ) investigating the validity of 39 different PROMs measuring quality of life of cancer survivors included in an eHealth application called BOncokompas^(Amsterdam, the Netherlands)  [15] [16] [17] [18]. The databases Embase, Medline, PsycINFO, and Web of Science were searched for publications that investigated measurement properties of these 39 PROMs including the EORTC IN-PATSAT32. The search terms were the PROM's name, combined with search terms for cancer, and a precise filter for measurement properties  [19]. The first search was performed in July 2016. The full search terms can be found in Appendix A. An additional search (up to July 2017) was performed using the same search terms, and a subsequent manual search in Google Scholar and Pubmed for missing records, to search for recent studies.
Inclusion and exclusion criteria Studies were included that reported original data on cancer patients, and on at least one of the following measurement properties of the IN-PATSAT32 as defined by the COSMIN taxonomy  [10] [11] [12] [13] : internal consistency, reliability, measurement error, structural validity, hypothesis testing (for construct validity), criterion validity, cross-cultural validity, and responsiveness. Validation studies on other PROMs, which also reported original data on the IN-PATSAT32, were included. Studies that were only available as abstracts or conference proceedings were excluded, as well as non-English publications. Titles and abstracts, and the selected full-texts were reviewed by two independent raters (KN and FJ). Disagreements were discussed until verbal agreement on consensus.
The E-care telemonitoring project in Strasbourg falls under the category of telemedicine 2. 0  [18]. It has been developed to optimize the home monitoring of heart failure patients. It detects situations where there is a risk of cardiac decompensation and rehospitalization, and it does this via a telemonitoring 2. 0 platform. The E-care platform indicates when a patient's health status is worsening. These "warning alerts" are generated for any decompensation of a chronic disease (particularly heart failure) that may lead to hospitalization if not treated. The project used nonintrusive sensors deployed by the Department of Internal Medicine to record blood pressure, heart rate, oxygen saturation, and weight among selected elderly polypathological patients. These sensors are connected by Bluetooth and relay realtime physiological data about the patient's health status.
The data collected included the average age of the residents, ADL, MMSE, CIRS-G, and the number and type of scheduled medications taken each day during hospitalization. 500 teleconsultations were analyzed, with 28. 4% concerning psychobehavioral disorders, 27. 8% concerning complex chronic wounds, 9. 2% concerning dermatology, 19% concerning psychopathologies, and 2. 8% concerning palliative care. Teleconsultation procedures managed to prevent hospital transfers in 378 cases (75. 6%), and the therapeutic treatment plans were optimized in 351 cases (70. 2%). This preliminary study showed that it is possible to conduct CGAs through teleconsultations. Few studies have been conducted concerning telemonitoring in nursing homes  [30]. However, another study by Grabowski and O'Malley, including randomly selected patients  [31]  from 11 nursing homes, found similar results: there was a significant reduction (11.
Rouvray (CHU [University And finally, we can evoke the HOMECARE project aims at testing and qualifying, in terms of operations, a complete system of tele-surveillance for elderly individuals suffering from Alzheimer's disease. A surveillance platform has been institutionally activated at the local hospital in Caussade, based on the collection of location data from a network of hybrid sensors. The doctor and nursing staff receive alarm notifications. This consultation has to be done with a computer interface and presupposes remote access (i. e. , tele-surveillance system based on a network of multisensory sensors)  [50]. We summarize these projects in Tables  1  and 2.
01; Table  1 ). Furthermore, we observed three additional SNPs associated with long-term recall scores and global memory scores (p < 0. 05; Table  1 ). We then determined whether the observed effect was present in late-onset FAD, a form of the disease defined by having multiple family members affected with late-onset AD  (Romas et al. , 2002; Zhao et al. , 2013) , by extending our study to the EFIGA cohort  (Lee et al. , 2011; Romas et al. , 2002)  (Table  S1 ). Because the EFIGA dataset lacked WGS data, we analyzed the candidate SYNJ1 region  (bp 34,004,976-34,078,985)  identified from our earlyonset FAD results, using seven tagSNPs that were found to be significant from the genomewide association study (GWAS) dataset available for the EFIGA cohort (Figure  S1  and Table  S3 ). Our subsequent sliding-window haplotype analysis indicated that window 5 in a 3-mer analysis  (bp 34,020,786-34,027,774)  and window 4 in a 4-mer approach (bp 34,020,653-34,027,774) were the primary candidates for harboring the variant(s) that contribute to age of onset of AD (Table  2 ).
Their m values, representing the likelihood of functional relevance, were 0. 978 and 0. 995, respectively. Interestingly, the set of AD associated SNPs that were identified from early-onset FAD (Table  1 ) was in linkage disequilibrium with the eQTL identified in the frontal cortex tissues in the GTEx dataset (Figure  S2 ), suggesting that the identified SNPs (or adjacent SNPs) are likely to influence SYNJ1 expression.
Genetics and Population Early-Onset FAD-For the genetic study of early-onset FAD, all participating subjects were at least 35 years of age. FAD patients, with the age at onset <65 years, met the research criteria of the National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Disorders and Stroke (NINCDS) and the AD and Related Disorders Association (ADRDA) for probable or possible AD  (McKhann et al. , 1984). We studied 305 family members from 45 Caribbean Hispanic families that had at least one G206A founder mutation in the PSEN1 gene (PSEN1-G206A), in which approximately 50% of the family members were carriers of the PSEN1-G206A  (Athan et al. , 2001; Lee et al. , 2015). To obtain WGS data on all family members while minimizing sequencing costs, we first selected two to four highly informative family members from each branch of the pedigree using the GIGI algorithm  (Cheung et al.
, 2013)  and performed WGS on the Illumina HiSeq 2500 platform. In addition, we alsoperformed GWAS on all clinically evaluated family members in the pedigree. To generate WGS data for all family members, we applied SHAPIT2  (Delaneau et al. , 2013)  and IMPUTE2  (Howie et al. , 2009)  to impute sequence data into GWAS in family members who were not sequenced. To ensure high-quality imputation in this admixed cohort, we used in-house WGS data generated from 608 Caribbean Hispanics from Puerto Rico and the Dominican Republic, plus the 1000 Genomes data (n = 2,504) as a reference panel. Standard quality control (QC) procedures were performed  (Howie et al. , 2012). To determine whether genetic variants in SYNJ1 were associated with variation in age at onset of AD and memory traits, specifically global memory, long-term recall and delayed recall, we first performed a gene-wise analysis while taking into account AD status, sex, PSEN1-G206A, level of education, APOE4, and principal components 1-3, as implemented in FamSKAT  (Chen et al.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We would like to thank  Agnieszka Staniszewski  and  Dr. Ottavio Arancio  for their expert help with behavior studies. We would like to thank  Eric Doran  and  Dr. Sarah B. Martin  for their help with DS studies. We want to acknowledge  Valerie Savage ,  Alejandro J. Mercado-Capote ,  Adithi Jayaraman , and  Masayuki Yanagiba  for help with microdrive construction and spike sorting. We also want to thank  Nicoletta Barolini  for her expert help with illustrations and graphics. This work was supported by grants from  Fundação para a Cieêcia e Tecnologia  ( PD/BD/105915/2014  to A. M. M. ), the  Philippe Chatrier Foundation  (C. M. ), the  Lejeune Foundation  ( 1149  to G. D. P. ), the  Alzheimer's Association  ( 2015-NIRG-341570  to S. A. H. ),  ANR Investissements d'Avenir  ( ANR-10-IAIHU-06  to M.
-C. P. ), and the  NIH  ( R01AG050425  to S. A. H. ;  RO1HD064993  to E. H. and F. A. S. ; and  RO1HD065160 ,  P50AG16573 , and  U01AG051412  to I. T. L. ). Data collection on Caribbean Hispanic families with at least one  G206A  founder mutation in the PSEN1 gene was supported by the  BrightFocus Foundation  ( A2015633S ) and  NIH/National Institute on Aging (NIA)  ( R56 AG051876-01A1 ) to J. H. L. Data collection for the EFIGA project was supported by the  Genetic Studies of Alzheimer's Disease in Caribbean Hispanics (EFIGA) , funded by the  NIH/NIA  ( 5R37AG015473 ,  RF1AG015473 , and  R56AG051876 ). We acknowledge the EFIGA study participants and the EFIGA research and support staff for their contributions to this study.
Race and ethnicity were only collected for US patients but not for Swiss patients due to cultural reasons. There were six Swiss patients and five US patients at the focus groups. For those unable to participate in focus groups (n = 9, all in the US), individual phone interviews (n = 9) were conducted. Focus groups (approximately 90 min) and phone interviews (approximately 30 min) were conducted by skilled moderators trained in patientreported outcome and semi-structured interview techniques. The interviews and focus groups were audiorecorded with participants' permission, transcribed and analyzed. The Swiss German transcript was translated into English. Socio-demographic and clinical data were summarized using descriptive statistics. Discussion groups and interviews were analyzed qualitatively according to the principles of saturation  [9] [10] [11] : data collection continues until further data collection produces minimal or no new information to further confirm or challenge.
Results A sample of 20 basal insulin-treated T2D patients met the inclusion criteria and were recruited from the three sites; two sites in US (n = 14) and one in Switzerland (n = 6) (Table  2 ). The mean age of patients was 66 years and the average duration of T2D was 17. 6 years. The average time since first basal insulin was 5. 9 years and mean IDeg use was 1. 45 years. The majority (95%) of patients had at least high school education and more than half (55%) had some college or a bachelor's degree. Approximately half (55%) of patients were not working, the majority of whom were retired. Saturation analysis on the pooled data (N = 20) was reached with the 12th patient and plateaued until the 19th patient. At that point, 95% of the cumulative concepts were elicited. Two new concepts (pen noise and confusion) were elicited from the 19th patient who had socio-demographic and clinical characteristics that were diverse from most of the study population.
The first century of music printing in Germany had its own internal dynamics, affected by political and social events such as the Reformation. Yet it also had an international dimension: German printers set up shops all around Europe, taking materials and techniques with them, or exporting necessary materials such as type. For the first time, this collection brings together the different strands that define the German music printing landscape from the late fifteenth to the late sixteenth century. From the earliest developments in music printing and publishing, to printing techniques and solutions, the commerce of music printing, and intellectual history, the chapters outline broad trends in the production of different genres of printed books and examine the work of individual printers. The book draws upon the rich information gathered for the online database Catalogue of early German printed music/Verzeichnis deutscher Musikfrühdrucke (vdm), the first systematic descriptive catalogue of music printed in the German-speaking lands between c.
However, most scholarly work to date has concentrated on music printing in Italy and France, with scattered studies on the Netherlands, Spain and England. Until relatively recently, early music printing in German-speaking countries has attracted less attention. A few examples may be mentioned. One is the doctoral dissertation of the Australian scholar Royston Gustavson, on a motet collection printed at Nuremberg in 1537/38. However, this dissertation is unpublished and therefore difficult to access. 5 Another important, thematically concentrated study is the Habilitation dissertation of Birgit Lodes, which examines Mewes' 1507 edition of Obrecht's masses. Again, this is only partially published. 6  22 The database can be found on the homepage of the project: www. vdm. sbg. ac. at. The siglum vdm indicates the close relationship to VD16 (Verzeichnis der im deutschen Sprachbereich erschienenen Drucke des  16.
The database vdm To this point, the main obstacle to a study of this breadth has been the lack of bibliographical control over the relevant sources. To organise these different kinds of objects, we established the database vdm (Verzeichnis deutscher Musikfrühdrucke/Catalogue of early German printed music). 22 This open-access online database, which is constantly being updated, provides detailed information about each known edition. These data are intended to serve as a starting point for further research. Each entry provides basic information, brought together from various bibliographies and corrected through the examination of individual copies in original or reproduction. Moreover, it records additional bibliographical data, specific typographical features and detailed descriptions of the exemplars inspected.
Mapping print production This database also has additional features intended to serve as the starting point for further investigations. One of these is a tool to visualise the distribution of locations in the Germanspeaking lands where music was printed. Since there are too many items to gain a reliable impression of the geographical dispersion of the items from a simple data enquiry, we have developed a cartographic visualisation tool that displays printing centres on a map of the German-speaking area, with a visual indication of the cumulative number of editions printed in each place, indexed decade by decade. This map lacks political borders but displays rivers as the central trade routes. The cities are represented by circles of different sizes that represent the number of editions produced there (see  Figure I.