dataesr/scientific-paragraphs-categorization huggingface dataset:
The reader is referred to our previous works for more information. The code can be accessed through the SILKNOW's GitHub repository  [50] , online releases are also available at  [51] , and a video tutorial can be accessed at  [52]. Currently, Virtual Loom is being integrated as part of ADASilk (Advanced Data Analysis for Silk heritage)  [53] , an exploratory search engine built on top of the SILKNOW's knowledge graph that contains nearly 40,000 fabric entries with images and other relevant information describing them (e. g. , production place, production timespan, material, technique, etc. ). This information is enriched by text analytics, that automatically extracts data from the textual description of silk fabrics (see Section 3. 1). Concretely, metadata about fabrics together with illustrating images are collected from various museums and represented using a common model, the CIDOC-CRM (Conceptual Reference Model) ontology.
This creates a knowledge graph encoded in RDF that is being made available to third party applications using a dedicated API  [54]. ADASilk follows this structure. It belongs to the family of Virtual Loom is an open source software module, fully designed and implemented in the scope of the SILKNOW project, that embeds historical weaving techniques in order to produce 3D models of textiles, given an input image with related information. It also allows the exporting of the generated models in STL (stereolithography) format, in order to produce 3D printouts. The first release version was described in  [16, 18]  and a work focusing on symmetry is also available at  [17]. Therefore, in this section we will focus on addressing the novelties regarding the first version and on showing some results for different weaving techniques.
Text Analytics to Automatically Extract Data for Virtual Loom Text analytics methods can be used for automatic extraction of information from textual descriptions of silk  [56] , such as background and foreground color, weaving technique, or weaving style. We have developed a text annotation service for domain experts to annotate text excerpts that are then used to train a machine learning model for automatic extraction of information. The initial experiments are taking text data from two of the museums, defining two tasks: a color annotation task and a number annotation task. The two considered museums are VAM (Victoria and Albert Museum) for English texts, and CER. ES (Colecciones en Red) for Spanish. In the first task, we ask the domain experts to annotate selected parts of texts from the museum that contain mention of a color.
Funding: The research leading to these results is in the frame of the "SILKNOW. Silk heritage in the Knowledge Society: from punched cards to big data, deep learning and visual/tangible simulations" project, which has received funding from the  European Union 's  Horizon 2020 research and innovation program  under grant agreement No. 769504. Cristina Portalés  is supported by the  Spanish government postdoctoral grant Ramón y Cajal , under grant No. RYC2018-025009-I.
The University of Clermont-Auvergne (CHEC) supported a presentation on Circus Wols in 2016 which enabled me to progress significantly in this research. The material presented in this article has benefitted from funding for archive work and interviews in the framework of the Labex project ANR REPER, Université Paris I Panthéon Sorbonne (2011). Acknowledgments: I warmly thank the staff of the Musée national d'Art moderne/Centre Pompidou: Camille Morando, a scholar specialist of the period and documentalist in chief of modern painting, for her precious help and guidance; Anne Lemonnier, who was in charge of the drawings at the Cabinet d'Arts graphiques, not only enabled me to see Wols's drawings but shared her expertise on the artist; the staff of the Bibliothèque Kandinsky for their availability and profesisonalism.
Acknowledgements Andrea Acri  would like to acknowledge that research represented in parts of this work was conducted within the  programme »Scripta-PSL. Histoire et pratiques de l'écrit« (principal investigators:  Andrea Acri , EPHE, PSL and  Arlo Griffiths , EFEO, PSL), »Investissements d'Avenir« launched by the  French Government  and implemented by  ANR  ( ANR-10-IDEX-0001-02 PSL ).
Acknowledgments This study was funded by a  Post-Doctoral Mobility grant  (No. P2BEP2_172250 ) from the  Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF) , by a grant from  TOSCA committee (Terre Solide, Océan, Surfaces Continentales, Atmosphère)  of  CNES (French National Center for Space Research ; project " FLOODSCAPE "), and by a grant from the  LabEx CeMEB  ( Centre Méditerranéen Environnement et Biodiversité, Montpellier ), an  ANR  " Investissements d'avenir" program  ( ANR-10-LABX-04-01 ). Some of the data presented in this work were produced through the technical facilities of the  EcoTrop platform of CeMEB , especially at the  UMR Eco&Sols laboratory. Other data were produced through the petrophysics platform and other facilities of the  Department of Geosciences, University of Montpellier.
1  a Analyzed shards with underglaze and overglaze decoration. Kiln sites, production date and XRF or Raman measurement areas are given (the dimensions are here reported: Shard #7: 12 × 9 cm 2 ; #8: 16 × 13 cm 2 ; #9 diameter: ~ 9. 8 cm; #10: 9. 5 × 8 cm 2 ; #11: 7 × 5 cm 2 ). b Fracture sections showing the glaze-body interface of the #8, #9, #10, #11 analysed shards acquired by using portable optical microscopy (50 magnification) along the fracture lines without any sampling distance between sample and detector around 1 cm. The setup parameters were selected to have a good spectral signal and to optimize the signal to noise ratio (SNR). Measurement data were processed using the factory provided data reduction DPPMCA software, which enables the acquisition, display, and control for Amptek signal processors and allows the automatic peak recognition supported by manual peak selection and checking.
Acknowledgments. There are no conflicts of interest regarding the financing of this research or the writing of this article. This research was supported by the  NWO  PhD in the Humanities grant (Project  PGW. 18. 015 ), the  Island Networks project (NWO  grant  360-62-060 ), and  NEXUS 1492  ( ERC-Synergy  grant  319209 ). Samples were provided by  Roberto Valcarcel Rojas ,  Reniel Rodríguez Ramos ,  Miguel Rodríguez López ,  Menno L. P. Hoogland ,  Peter L. Drewett ,  Sophia Perdikaris ,  Elizabeth S. Wing , the  Florida Museum of Natural History , the  Museo del Hombre Dominicano , the  Service Régional de l'Archéologie de la Guadeloupe , the  Barbuda Council , and the  Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle. The study of the dogs from Guadeloupe was supported by the  Fyssen.
Data used for meta-analysis: Literature search and selection We searched the MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Embase, and Current Contents databases for functional neuroimaging studies that investigated the neural correlates of TOM and empathy in patients with schizophrenia compared to healthy controls (HC). We also searched relevant references from the retrieved papers to complete our database. We used the following keywords: theory of mind or mentalizing or false belief or perspective taking or empathy or empathic AND fMRI or PET or brain AND schizophrenia or schizophrenic or psychosis. Our meta-analysis procedure adhered to the PRISMA Statement guidelines, with inclusion and exclusion criteria determined a priori and a systematic review of the selected articles by two authors before inclusion by consensus (Figure  2 ).
Data were extracted independently by the first author and reviewed by two other authors. The 7-item Newcastle-Ottawa Scale for case-control studies was used to assess the risk of bias in included studies  (Wells et al. , 2009). For each identified bias, we considered how it might have affected the findings and a consensus was reached between all three authors. Moreover, we conducted this meta-analysis in accordance with the "Ten simple rules for neuroimaging meta-analyses" drafted by the developers of the three main algorithms for coordinate-based meta-analyses  (Müller et al. , 2018). This meta-analysis is registered in the PROSPERO database under the number CRD42019127308. <Figure 2 about here> The inclusion criteria accepted whole-brain neuroimaging studies that compared patients with schizophrenia to HC subjects, with coordinates reported in the MNI or Talairach system, published between January 2000 and December 2018.
The contrast study was executed with an FDRpN-corrected p value and 10,000 p value permutations. Minimum cluster size was 10 mm 3. Finally, (3) functional meta-analytic connectivity modeling analysis (MACM) was conducted based on the ALE algorithm using the BrainMap database  (Laird et al. , 2009). This approach investigates whole-brain connectivity patterns by assessing the covariance between regions  (Kotkowski et al. , 2018; Robinson et al. , 2010). First, spherical 12-mm-diameter Regions of Interest (ROI) were created on the peak ALE voxel at clusters identified in the "second-level" analysis. Then, each of the ROIs was seeded into the BrainMap database to find the brain regions with covariant activation. The data were drawn from multiple behavioral domains including cognition, emotion, action, and perception.
The MACM analysis used the same cluster-level inference with the cluster-forming threshold at voxel level p < 0. 001. Finally, contrast analyses were performed on the sets of coordinates identified as coactivated during ROI activation to identify the regions of convergence. The software labeled the resulting maxima according to the Talairach Daemon Toolbox  (Lancaster et al. , 1997; Lancaster et al. , 2000). All functional convergence maps generated by single and contrast studies were imported into Mango (http://ric. uthscsa. edu/mango/) and overlaid on an anatomical template for representation purposes.
Future studies on social cognition in schizophrenia should use more ecological tasks to address the question of how emotional content affects the attribution of mental states to other people in this population. Finally, therapeutic approaches that target the left TPJ and right VLPFC should be tested in future studies of psychosocial rehabilitation in people with schizophrenia. Eickhoff, S. B. , Bzdok, D. , Laird, A. R. , Kurth, F. , Fox, P. T. , 2012. Activation likelihood estimation meta-analysis revisited. Neuroimage 59, 2349-2361. Eickhoff, S. B. , Laird, A. R. , Fox, P. M. , Lancaster, J. L. , Fox, P. T. , 2017. Implementation errors in the GingerALE Software: description and recommendations. Hum. Brain Mapp. 38, 7-11. Eickhoff, S. B. , Laird, A. R. , Grefkes, C. , Wang, L. E. , Zilles, K.
Acknowledgments We would like to thank  Professor Eric Fakra  and  Professor Gilles Lafargue  for their valuable comments on this research. This work was supported by the collaborative project between the  University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)  and  University Hospital of Reims  ( CHU de Reims ), called  Projet Hospitalo-Universitaire (PHU) ,  Social Cognition and Neurodevelopmental disorders (NDev-X) , which was awarded to AK.
DISCUSSION Most authors agree that prenatal ontogeny and the first years of postnatal ontogeny are key to understanding species-specific features of hominin anatomy that we find in adults because of the prominent growth and development during those phases  (1, (3) (4) (5) 29). Our results allow us to explore this issue in the Neanderthal ribcage, shed light on their body shape evolution and bioenergetics, and have implications for understanding the evolution of the thorax in MH. To better visualize the morphological differences between species, we warped a complete MH infant thorax 3D model into the coordinates of the fossil specimens using EVAN Toolbox software. Human standardizations were calculated using a multivariate regression of shape on the size of the 29 individuals from the comparative human sample.
MATERIALS AND METHODS Background information regarding the Neanderthals studied here can be found in the corresponding literature  (31, 36, 58, 59). Data acquisition of original thoracic material from the Neanderthals D1 and M1 was performed with helical computed tomography (CT; beam collimation, 1 mm; pitch, 1; slice reconstruction increment, 0. 3 to 0. 5 mm). The LM2 specimen was scanned at the Musée National de Préhistoire in Les Eyzies-de-Tayac-Sireuil using the portable industrial CT scanner (BIR ACTIS 225/300) of the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology Leipzig (MPI-EVA), with an isotropic voxel resolution of 70 m. The RdM Neanderthal axial skeleton was scanned with an Artec Spider 3D scanner (www. artec3d. com/). The comparative human sample comprises 29 forensic individuals whose ages comprised from birth to 3 years old that were scanned at the Institute of Forensic Medicine of the University of Zurich (text S7).
All individuals were scanned in the supine position for postmortem virtual autopsy. Individuals with obvious pathologies affecting skeletal thoracic form were excluded. Because individuals were cadavers, any uncertainty caused by kinematic status while scanning was automatically ruled out. Before analysis, all CT data were anonymized to comply with the Helsinki declaration, and the approval to use these preexisting CT scans for our research was obtained from the Ethical Committee of the Canton of Zurich (BASEC-Nr. Req-2019-00987). Ribcages were segmented through a semi-automatic protocol for Digital Imaging and Communication On Medicine (DICOM) images using the 3D Slicer software (www. slicer. org/) and subsequently reconstructed as 3D models. These 3D models were imported into Viewbox4 software (www.
dhal. com) for (semi-) landmarking using existing protocols  (60). Thoracic morphology was quantified through 20 homologous 3D landmarks and semilandmarks on ribs 1 to 10 and 19 3D landmarks and semilandmarks on ribs 11 and 12. Four landmarks were measured on each thoracic vertebra, and two on the sternal manubrium. The thoracic morphology was described by 524 landmarks and sliding semilandmarks  (60). Semilandmarks were slid along their corresponding curves concerning the fixed landmarks to minimize bending energy from each individual to the consensus of the sample  (61). Missing data in both the MH and the Neanderthals were estimated following a thin-plate spline approach (62). In the reference Neanderthal for the developmental simulations, D1, only 17% of landmarks or semilandmarks were missing, and they were estimated using MH as a reference.
In  [29] , an approach towards the specification, acquisition, and representation of pertinent data and knowledge for HC preservation is proposed. In  [30] , Motion Vocabularies are proposed to associate recordings of craft practice to craft actions and remap the recorded human motion to pieces of virtual machinery whose function is simulated. As a complement to Mingei, systems which leverage semantic information include automatic image annotation  [31] , and recommendations for users  [32]. Such approaches could benefit from the knowledge database which Mingei aims to build. In this work, we propose content representation and presentation methods that support craft-oriented thematic tourism, by providing digital content on craft articles and processes, as well as narratives on the cultural and regional context.
Using computer-aided annotation on craft practice recordings, we create Motion Vocabulary Items associated with semantic descriptions of processes. This is facilitated by Animation Studio, an application implemented to visualise, edit, and annotate 3D animation files, obtained by motion capture or visual tracking. Pertinent annotation software exists in the linguistics domain  [39] , but not for 3D motion animations. Animation Studio facilitates isolation and annotation of animation segments and videos (see Figure  9 ). The representation implies delimitation of actions in high granularity. Recordings contain sequences of actions, some of which occur concurrently. An association between semantically represented action and fragments of digital assets is required. The representation of action may be relevant only to specific body members, e.
g. , the flying of a loom shuttle. Using computer-aided annotation on craft practice recordings, we create Motion Vocabulary Items associated with semantic descriptions of processes. This is facilitated by Animation Studio, an application implemented to visualise, edit, and annotate 3D animation files, obtained by motion capture or visual tracking. Pertinent annotation software exists in the linguistics domain  [39] , but not for 3D motion animations. Animation Studio facilitates isolation and annotation of animation segments and videos (see Figure  9 ). Through the isolation of elementary physical actions from recordings of craft practice, we create Motion Vocabularies (MVs) that associate conceptual actions to recordings of these actions. In this case, the weaving process was decomposed into three actions, according to: (1) Shedding-warp threads are appropriately raised or lowered to form a shed; (2) picking-weft is passed across the shed using the shuttle; and (3) beating-weft is pushed against the fabric using the beater.
After drying, 1 μL of IVD HCCA matrix (Bruker, Billerica -Massachusetts, U. S. A. ), reconstituted with 250 μL organic solvent solution (acetonitrile 50%, water 47. 5%, TFA 2. 5%) (Sigma-Aldrich, Saint-Louis -Missouri, U. S. A. ), was deposited on its surface and left to dry. The internal control BTS (Bacterial Test Standard; E. coli, Bruker) was added on a MALDI target position. The protein profiles of each spot were analysed by MALDI-TOF BioTyper (Bruker, Billerica -Massachusetts, U. S. A. ). The acquired spectrum was compared with the reference spectra contained in the general database IVD MALDI BioTyper, version 4. 0(5627). Identification results were accepted when the spectrum congruence score threshold was greater than or equal to 1. 75.
Bioinformatics analysis The following bioinformatic pipeline was used for both types of amplicons. Raw reads were assembled with a minimal overlap of 10 bp using the MOTHUR v. 1. 35. 1 software  [47]. Assembled reads with a length of less than 100 bp were discarded. Detection of chimera was performed with UPARSE, implemented in USEARCH v10. 0. 240  [48]. Remaining reads were clustered at 0. 97. In order to keep only the ITS region, the border regions 5. 8S in 5′ and 28S in 3′ were removed using the Hidden Markov Model (HMM)  [49]. Operational taxonomic unit (OTU) sequences were assigned with the USEARCH global command based on the UNITE database  [50]  for ITS1 reads and on the RDP  [51]  database for 16S rRNA gene ones. Singleton OTUs were removed. Unassigned OTUs containing 50 reads or more were re-aligned with the non-redundant GenBank database with BLAST 2.
Ground penetrating radar To see any probable buried coastal infrastructures or any detectable underground objects related to the ship, an unshielded Mala Geoscience Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) was used to survey the surrounding sediments before the excavation. A 200 MHz antenna was selected to get the highest possible resolution and penetrating depth. ReflexW software was used for processing of the paralleled profiles to get an integrated image of the subsurface. Standard processing steps (DC shift, gain function and band pass filtering) were utilized on the GPR data to get the best subsurface images  (Neal and Roberts, 2000).
Photogrammetry Time constraints required a quick and accurate recording methodology. Imagery for 3D photogrammetry and site documentation was obtained with a Canon 5D DSLR camera and a DJI Phantom 4-Pro drone. Miras-e Arka Corporation were sub-contracted to undertake this part of the operation. The photos were combined to make an integrated 3D image of the ship using Bentley's ContextCapture software.
Wood sampling A piece of wood was removed from the ship's hull and sent to the Poznan Radiocarbon Laboratory (PRL) for radiocarbon age dating. Due to possible contamination with oil, any hydrocarbon residual was removed by PRL before dating (T Goslar, pers. comm. ). The obtained age (235 ± 30) was calibrated using IntCal13 calibration curve  (Reimer et al. , 2013)  in 'Bchron' package  (Haslett and Parnell, 2008).
Radiocarbon age dating The uncalibrated radiocarbon date from said samples is 235 ± 30 before present (BP). However, the calibration of the result using Intcal13 Database shows several peaks with different probabilities (Fig. 8 ). The most probable dates for the cutting the trees are to 1634-1682 CE and 1762-1803AD, with 49. 3% and 33% of probability, respectively. The 17th century calibrated age dovetails with the Safavid dynasty in Iran while the 18th-19th century dates fall in Afsharid and Zand kingdoms in Iranian territory (Fig. 8 ).
Conclusion The Qoroq shipwreck in southwest corner of the Caspian Sea has provided a good opportunity to review Caspian maritime history since the mid-18th century and the impacts of the Caspian environment on trade. This study also shows how historical, geological and archaeological studies could be jointly applied for revealing the past maritime issues of the Caspian Sea. Although different ages were suggested by radiocarbon dating, historical data supports the mid-18th century for constructing the ship. Moreover, historical and archaeological data suggest different man-made and/or environmental scenarios for the ship retirement. Geological data show that the sinking place of the ship and the exposing location of the ship are different. Geological data also show that environmental factors, especially the Caspian sea-level changes have pivotal role in preservation and exposing the ship.
Acknowledgment This study was supported by the  Ports and Maritime Administration of Guilan Province, Iran  in the framework of the project No. 964/S11. Special thanks to  Dr. Ahmad Ghaffarzadeh , the research manager of the Anzali Port, as well as  Mehrdad Arbabian from Ports and Maritime Organization of Iran  for their supports. The authors appreciate  Dr. Joyanto Routh  - Linköping University, Sweden  for his support on radiocarbon age dating. INIOAS has provided instrumentation and logistics for this study. The authors appreciate the thoughtful comments of the paper's reviewers that helped us to improve the work.
In this study we used brains from our fluid collection, which harbors more than 1,000 specimens collected from the middle of the 19 th to the end of 20 th centuries. We selected this part of the collection because the similar composition and homogeneity of brain tissues limited potential confounding effects on data comparability due to differences in specimen or tissue types related to exposure to the preservative fluid. Preservation quality was recorded individually for each brain at different levels: (1) Macroscopic level, i. e. , the visual quality of the specimen for display or teaching purposes; (2) Microscopic level, to evaluate the current state of conservation of the tissue and its potential for use in different types of research; (3) Molecular level, i. e. , quality and quantity of the DNA yields (extraction and amplification) as commonly used in taxonomic studies  (Hykin et al.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We are grateful to  C. Bens  and  A. Verguin  for their assistance in Collection des pieces anatomiques en fluides,  MNHN de Paris. We are also indebted to  Estelle Remion  for providing microscopic pictures. The authors would like to thank both reviewers for their thoughtful comments and efforts to improve this manuscript. This work was supported by  ATM-MNHN Blanche   2019  " COLL-FLUID-ADN ," and by grant from  Direction des collections, MNHN  for " Brain Catalogue project. "The MNHN gives access to the collections in the framework of the  RECOLNAT national Research Infrastructure.