dataesr/scientific-paragraphs-categorization huggingface dataset:
Aims of the EMR The main aim of the EMR was to promote awareness and understanding of McArdle Disease and other rare muscle glycogenoses (types 0, III, IV, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV and XV). Glycogenosis type II (Pompe disease) was not included in EUROMAC because a global registry for Pompe disease already exists (NCT00231400, https://clinicaltrials. gov/), which is planned to last at least until year 2034. To achieve this main goal, several specific aims were proposed: a) to obtain epidemiology data on these diseases in Europe; b) to reach patients and medical community to inform on these disorders; c) to assess clinical and cost effectiveness of standard and novel therapeutic interventions; d) to assess quality of care provided by services; e) to gain insight on disease pathophysiology; and f) to provide an inventory of patients that can be contacted for clinical research.
Data collection, storage, and access policy The EMR complies with the confidentiality policies of the EU and with national directives and regulations on ethical aspects of patients' data processing. The EUROMAC project has a public website (http:// www. euromacregistry. eu, see below), aimed to promote the knowledge and dissemination of the project. The registry website (https://www. registryeuromac. eu) is hosted separate from the public website, as a secure network. Local databases are the entry points where data is collected, encrypted, pseudo-anonymized, and then transferred to a central registry, which currently stores all the data in a secure and inexpensive system. To reassure the safety of the instrument, a back-up registry is maintained in a participating country (Italy). The applicative of the EMR has been designed, developed and periodically updated by the Italian GARR Consortium (www.
garr. it/b/eng/garr-en/about-us). It includes a public area, in which the informed consent form can be downloaded, and a section for professional registration, which provides a user account to clinicians that enables them to have access to the private area, accessed through a personal username and a password previously provided, where registered clinicians can enter, edit and modify data from their patients. As indicated above, patients' data are encrypted and pseudo-anonymized for research purposes, but linked to their patient sources through an encrypted algorithm. Following informed consent, data from each patient can be uploaded onto the encrypted web-based registry with a unique code in the database record. The link between the code of a patient and his/her identity can only be known by the physician who got the informed consent from the patient.
This identity can be revealed by this physician only under specific conditions clearly indicated in the consent form. The coordinator of the registry has the means to de-anonymize the patients' codes too, but is only allowed to do it if the specific physician is missing or not able to be contacted. Registered patients are able to log in with a personal password, review their own information and complete selected sections with their personal experiences. None of the recruited participants or participating doctors is allowed to see data from other parties. As mentioned above, the EUROMAC project also has its own public webpage that provides news, updates and basic information on the disease and the EMR. It also includes a link to the applicative of the EMR destined to medical doctors and patients.
Expected outcomes Generation of a database aimed at improving access of patients to specialized care, improving knowledge of the natural history of these disorders and generation of treatment guidelines. The database will facilitate the involvement of the biopharmaceutical industry and governments. Additional outcomes include the dissemination of the EUROMAC website at neurology and neuromuscular meetings, the publication on the EUROMAC website contact details of all European diagnostic labs, together with specialist clinics, and the implementation of training courses and patient support groups meetings.
3) List of the reference EUROMAC investigators for every country (country managers). 4) Patient information and consent form, explaining the registry, data collection, and option to opt-out at any time. One of the main ethical issues to be considered in patient registries is that data protection is an obvious prerequisite, including transparency of the procedures of data collection and data analyses. Therefore, this was a core part of the Ethics Report, as well as one of the main subjects to be addressed in the WP dedicated to the ethical and legal issues. The project was approved by the Institutional Review Board of the Coordinating Center (Vall d'Hebron b All data introduced in "Personal Data" section is encrypted and not available for anybody, except for the physician who registered this particular patient c Demographic data is automatically generated from the data introduced in the section of personal data Research Institute, Barcelona), and by review boards of each institution recruiting participants.
Results The main outcome of the registry is the scientific information derived from the patient database analysis, and for this we refer to the companion article in this issue to evaluate how the registry can be useful to expand our knowledge about the disorders  [21]. However, the generation of the first European registry dedicated to rare muscle glycogenoses can be considered a result in itself. The following summary of achievements may be useful to suggest procedures and tips to be considered when dealing with other similar registries: 1. A dynamic.
Discussion EMR is an entirely public and secure database designed to contain the medical data from patients with McArdle Disease and related conditions. The EURO-MAC network collaboration was initiated in 2012 with the main objective of improving diagnosis and care for people living with these rare disorders, to reduce serious complications and social care costs and to provide a research platform for future clinical trials by raising awareness and increase knowledge with respect to the natural history of these disorders. In patients with these disorders, delayed diagnosis and incorrect medical advice leads to debilitating symptoms and increased risk of life-threatening crises necessitating admission to critical care, all of which can be prevented by correct medical care. The EURO-MAC was a complex undertaking that involved multidisciplinary teams of 18 partners from nine countries.
Owing to the low number of patients with rare muscle glycogenolytic disorders at national level, the EUROMAC registry was created at European level establishing collaborative efforts to ensure data collection and its maintenance. To date, the project fulfilled the expectations for an accessible and readily visible e-platform where the scientific community can count and properly describe most patients with rare muscle glycogenoses. Registration of the patients proceeded steadily once the registry functions were in place, reaching the number of 313 by November 2019. The choice of enriching the registry with a wealth of clinical and functional information makes the registry, in its present form, a good starting point for a dynamic specialized e-health record, but is also the main reason for its underperformance in number of registered patients.
Taken together, we assumed that lowering the initial registering activity rate expectations was fully justified if that allowed that the quality of the data (and so the usefulness of the registry) is more robustly ensured. In addition to the scientific observations and conclusions derived from data analysis, presented in the companion paper  [21] , when we look to what we learned from the registering activity from a methodological and procedural point of view, we can raise the following conclusions: - Additionally, the expected long-term impacts of the EUROMAC project at an international level are: a) improved access of patients to specialised care; b) facilitated involvement of national governments and regulatory agencies; c) improved knowledge of the natural history of McArdle Disease and other rare muscle glycogenoses; d) reduced average delay in diagnosis; e) reduced risk of incorrect advice leading to debilitating symptoms and increased risk of life-threatening crises; and f) extended use of the registry to all other European countries.
Over 90% of the patients contacted for first data collections were happy to be contacted again for follow-up. Participation by consortium partners to all meetings forged a strong sense of belonging among the partners, which functioned as accretion nucleus, leading other European partners to join the consortium (Netherland and Poland). Actually, incorporation of new active EUROMAC partners has been encouraged and welcome by the initial EUROMAC consortium, among those participants that have joint as registering professionals following the mechanism described in the Methods and Results section above (Data collection, storage, and access policy), when they show interest to become active participating partners. The training sessions held in London and Madrid, as well as the workshop held in Naarden  [23] , achieved the double goal of standardizing assessment procedures and increase knowledge on specific functional and clinical aspects of the diseases.
Acknowledgements EUROMAC was supported by several patients' associations and large networks of patient registries, such as the  Association for Glycogen Storage Disease  (https://agsd. org. uk/) and the  EPIRARE Group on Rare Disease Registries  (https://www. eurordis. org/content/epirare). The  European Neuromuscular Centre  (https://www. enmc. org/)also supported the project by contributing to the organization and funding of a dedicated workshop. EUROMAC Consortium:  Antoni L. Andreu ,  Ramon Martí ,  Tomàs Pinós ,  Noemi Baruch ,  Francisco J. Ortega ,  Miguel A. Martín ,  Carmen Navarro ,  Beatriz San-Millán ,  Irene Vieitez ,  Andrea Martinuzzi ,  Marinela Vavla ,  Claudio Bruno ,  Antonio Toscano ,  Olimpia Musumeci ,  Pascal Laforêt ,  Sabrina Sacconi ,  Ros Quinlivan ,  Renata Scalco ,  Andrew Wakelin ,  Georgios Hadjgeorgiou ,  Elias Zintzaras ,  John Vissing ,  Matthias Vorgerd ,  Enrico Zülow ,  Ronald Haller ,  Piraye Oflazer ,  Hacer Durmus ,  Jean Pouget ,  Alejandro Lucía ,  Alfredo Santalla.
4. EUROMAC has contributed so far to the implementation of at least two clinical trials (ClinicalTrials. gov: NCT03112889 and NCT02432768) [24]. 5. Many patients were very happy to hear that the diagnosis made, in most cases, years ago, obtained new research interest, and they were satisfied to be able to contribute to the body of knowledge on their rare disease, and the registry encouraged them to contact and participate in patients organizations. The EUROMAC project website (http://www. euromacregistry. eu) accumulates 9200 visits (December 2019), which is a good indicator of the awareness of the project. In the process of the project development, the Dissemination Plan promoted the organization of events, publications and dissemination material (leaflets, brochures, books) in different languages generated and distributed in the frame of EUROMAC.
Ope n Pe e r Re v ie w on Qe ios Ope n Pe e r Re v ie w on Qe ios Glycogen storage disease due to glycogen debranching enzyme deficiency INSERM Source INSERM. (1999). Orphanet: an online rare disease and orphan drug data base. Glycogen storage disease due to glycogen debranching enzyme deficiency. ORPHA:366 Glycogen debranching enzyme (GDE) deficiency, or glycogen storage disease type 3 (GSD 3), is a form of glycogen storage disease characterized by severe muscle weakness and hepatopathy.
Preventive measures implemented during the HAV outbreak were analysed through the NADIS database. NADIS is a medical file and database designed to follow all HIV positive patients. That database has been used in order to identify at risk patients which mean HIV positive, MSM or bisexual, who weren't immunised against HAV. Then, these patients were contacted by phone or mail to provide a free HAV vaccine immunisation, and in the case they accepted to be vaccinated, to respond to an anonymous questionnaire concerning STD transmission routes and sexual behaviours or practices. This questionnaire was divided into two main parts: the first part was about sexual practices during the 2 previous months, including gender of sexual partners, type of practices (oral sex, anal sex, ChemSex (chemical sexuality)), condom use during oral and anal sex (never, sometimes, always), number of sexual partners (0, 1 regular partner, 2-5, 5-10, 10-30, >30) and places where partners were met (bars/clubs, saunas/hammams, backrooms, internet, street).
Acknowledgments. This work was supported by the  French Government  under the ' Investissements d'avenir' (Investments for the Future) program  managed by the  Agence Nationale de la Recherche  ( ANR , fr:  National Agency for Research)  (reference: Méditerranée Infection  10-IAHU-03 ). This work was supported by  Région Provence Alpes Côte d'Azur and European funding FEDER PRIMI. Financial support. All data have been generated as part of the routine work at  Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille (Marseille university hospitals ), and this study results from routine standard clinical management.
, 2015). Several carbapenem resistance mechanisms have been developed by GN-bacteria, including the production of carbapenemase enzymes, which is nowadays identified worldwide  (Nordmann and Poirel, 2014). Regarding the major concern raised by the global expansion of carbapenem resistance associated with significant global mortality  (Borer et al. , 2009; Falagas et al. , 2014) , we focused on morbidity and mortality related to carbapenem resistance in adult patients with HM. We reviewed series and case reports of carbapenemresistant (CR) GN-bacteria in this targeted population to describe the epidemiologic and clinical factors associated with the occurrence of CR infections. We collected data on antimicrobial susceptibility and the provided antibiotic treatments. We aimed at identifying key points that could help assess the risk of CR infection in HM patients and improve their survival.
METHODS In this review, we reviewed series and selected case reports that reported colonization or infection of HM patients with CR bacteria. The electronic literature search was conducted in two electronic databases, Pubmed and Google Scholar. Papers published from January 2010 to January 2019 and written in English were included. A panel of keywords was used to target articles that address the topic of our review, including "bacteria, " "Gram negative, " "Enterobacteriaceae, " "Klebsiella pneumoniae, " "Escherichia coli, " "Acinetobacter baumannii, " "Pseudomonas aeruginosa, " "carbapenem resistance, " "carbapenemase, " "KPC, " "NDM, " "OXA, " "hematological malignancy, " "leukemia, " "colonization, " "infection, " "blood stream infection, " "bacteremia, " "neutropenia, " and "chemotherapy.
" Only papers reporting cases of colonization or infection with CR bacteria in adult HM patients were selected. The following data were extracted from each study: study type, region, published year, study period, number of patients included, age, HM-type, CRbacterial genera or species, sample, CR mechanism, antibiotic susceptibility profile of CR bacteria, comorbidity, significative risk factors associated with occurrence of CR bacteria, mortality associated with CR bacteria, significative risk factors of mortality associated with CR bacteria, and provided antibiotic treatments. A targeted search was performed to find the recommendations from medical societies for the management of neutropenic febrile patients and to document the use of new antibiotics to treat CR bacteria, selecting only the most recent references.
FUNDING This work was supported by (1) the  ANR   FloraStopInfectMRE  project,  InfecERA-ERANET-Acciones complementarias  ( PCIN-2015-094 ) and MINECO SAF2017-90083-R grants to CU; (2)  IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France  and the  French Government  under the " Investissements d'avenir" (Investments for the Future) program  managed by the  Agence Nationale de la Recherche  ( ANR , fr:  National Agency for Research) , (reference: Méditerranée Infection  10-IAHU-03 ).
The dense seismo-acoustic network of the Institute of Geophysical Research (IGR), National Nuclear Center of the Republic of Kazakhstan, has been operating in Kazakhstan since the late nineties of the last century. It consists of four seismic and three infrasonic arrays. The IGR network includes stations part of several national and global monitoring systems. Infrasonic and seismic data are processed using the Progressive Multi-Channel Correlation (PMCC) detector to characterize the temporal variability of microbarom and microseism signals from 2014 to 2017. The non-linear interaction of ocean waves is simulated using the microseism source model distributed by the French Research Institute for Exploitation of the Sea (IFREMER). The wave attenuation is calculated using a semi-empirical propagation law in a range independent atmosphere.
However, such signals are well detected using standard processing techniques, such as beamforming methods used from the sixties  (Capon, 1972; Haubrich and McCamy, 1969; ToksoZ and Lacoss, 1968). More recent algorithms are efficient to detect and characterize continuous and global microbarom signals  (Evers and Haak, 2001; Garcès, 2004; Landès et al. , 2012; Hupe et al. , 2018). The above mentioned studies were conducted using IMS infrasound data as well as infrasound records from national networks ( e. g. KNMI network,  Evers and Haak, 2001). Seismic noise numerical simulations was introduced by Kedar et al. (Kedar et al. , 2008). The good correlation between the observed microseism amplitudes and their predicted values according to the Longuett-Higgins theory was shown, demonstrating that microseism source locations can be tracked using numerical modeling  (Shapiro, 2005; Shapiro and Campillo, 2004; Stehly et al.
Discussions Where previous studies analysed microbarom signals at a single station  (Hupe et al. , 2018) , further investigations are conducted in this study by considering a multi-year dataset of continuous records collected by the IGR network. Regional features of both microbaroms and microseisms are highlighted. Figure  13  shows the azimuthal distribution of infrasound detections with maximum amplitudes. Figure  14  shows similar histograms for seismic stations. One can distinguish seasonal trends for both infrasonic and seismic observations. In winter, microbaroms and microseisms are detected from northern and northwestern directions (Figure  13  b and Figure  14 b ). In summer, southern, southwestern and southeastern directions dominate (Figure  13  c and Figure  14 c ). However, signals from northwestern direction are also recorded at ABKAR, KKAR, and MKAR in summer.
In this study, the method used to predict the attenuation assumes a range independent atmosphere along the propagation path. Such an approach cannot be applied to situations involving long propagation ranges, where significant along-path variability of wind and temperature profiles may occur (especially when sources and network are located in different hemispheres). Using historical IGR datasets, the spatiotemporal variability of microbarom signals due to changes in the source location and the structure of the atmospheric waveguides can be studied. There is a clear seasonal trend in the directions and amplitudes of microbaroms and microseisms (Figure  7 , Figure  8  and Figure  9 ). Moreover, it is shown that the microseism amplitudes https://doi. org/10. 5194/se-2020-8 Preprint. Discussion started: 3 March 2020 c Author(s) 2020.
Acknowledgements This research has been supported by the  Commissariat a` l'Energie Atomique (CEA, France). The work of NS has been supported by the  European Research Council (ERC)  under the  European Union Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme  (grant agreement  787399-SEISMAZE ), the  Russian Ministry of Education and Science  (grant N  14. W03. 31. 0033 ) and  Russian Foundation for Basic Research  (project no. 18-05-00576 ). Authors also thank  Anna Smirnova  for the help in the manuscript preparation.
In recent years, multistatic specular meteor radars (SMRs) have been introduced to study the Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere (MLT) dynamics. In this paper, the statistics of mesoscale MLT power spectra are explored through observations from a campaign using the SIMONe (Spread-spectrum Interferometric Multistatic meteor radar Observing Network) approach conducted in northern Germany in 2018 (hereafter SIMONe 2018). The seven-day SIMONe 2018 comprised of fourteen multistatic SMR links and allows to build a substantial database of specular meteor trail events, collecting more than one hundred thousand detections per day within a geographic area of ∼ 500 km × 500 km. The two methods we propose to obtain the power spectra in frequency range are (1) Wind field Correlation Function Inversion (WCFI), which utilizes two-point correlations of specular meteor observations, and (2) Mean Wind Estimation (MWE), which determines the MLT winds and gradients from specular meteor observations.
These radars use radio reflections from meteor trails to estimate the MLT winds and other parameters. In this paper, we analyse data obtained from a ground-based meteor radar observational campaign that uses the SIMONe (Spread-spectrum Interferometric Multistatic meteor radar Observing Network) approach  (Chau et al. , 2019). This campaign, called SIMONe 2018, was conducted in northern Germany for seven consecutive days from November 2 to November 9, 2018. SIMONe 2018 benefited from the implementation of the MMARIA (Multistatic, multi-frequency Agile Radar Investigations of the Atmosphere) concept, which is a multistatic and multi-frequency approach for SMRs to improve the MLT wind measurements  (Stober and Chau, 2015) , combined with a new radar signal processing technique for coded continuous wave meteor radar transmissions  (Vierinen et al.
This work also made use of synthetic data based on a gravity wave spectral model to understand and verify the spectral slope variations of the two aforementioned methods. The manuscript thus start with an overview of the SIMONe 2018 campaign, including a summary of the observations. Then the details of the two frequency-spectra methods implementing first and second-order statistics of Doppler measurements are presented. Monte Carlo simulations of a gravity wave spectral model are described and shown in section 3. 3 to validate and compare the two methods. The comparison of the results with the two methods and the possible connection to secondary gravity waves is discussed before the conclusions.
(2017)  relaxed the assumption of the homogeneity of the horizontal wind on mean wind estimation by applying a gradient approach which allowed to estimate an accurate zonal, meridional and mean vertical winds from the SIMONe 2018 campaign data including the spatial information. Chau et al. (2017)  describe the gradient method and provide information about how the new approach reduces the biases in vertical wind estimation from the horizontal divergence. Similar results, i. e. , vertical wind estimates free of horizontal divergence contamination, have been recently obtained over Peru  (Chau et al. , 2020). Figure  2  shows the mean zonal, four-hour and four-km high pass filtered residual zonal, mean meridional, four-hour and four-km high pass filtered meridional, mean vertical winds, and specular meteor counts obtained after averaging meteors within a 500 m height bin for every 15 minutes.