dataesr/scientific-paragraphs-categorization huggingface dataset:
The tensile part is deactivated by setting the parameter Λ = 0 (Equation  13 ). Elasticity E ν 20000 0. 32 Distorsion a k b B K C 0. 29 2. 2 0. 24 0 0. 13 0 Dilatancy z n N m M 0 1. 3 0. 012 3. 3 1. 37 Tension d Λ R t S s 10 0 0 1 1 Table  1 : Parameters used to simulate the behavior of the salt matrix. The unit system is such that strain is in µm/m, stress is in MPa and time in days. We used VIPLEF3D, a finite element code developped in the Geosciences Department of Mines ParisTech  (Tijani, 2008)  to simulate a typical triaxial test on the structure shown in Fig- ure 10. The simulated test is conducted under a constant strain rate of 10 -6 s -1 and a confining pressure of 5 MPa. The results showed that within the salt matrix and around the spherical inclusions, zones where the principal major stress σ 1 is positive appear and continue to develop all along the simulation.
Acknowledgements This work was financially supported by the  CIFRE process  ( N° 2013/0149 ) provided by the  ANRT  which is gratefully acknowledged. The authors thank  ST Microelectronics  for their collaboration in this work. The authors would like to thank the technical support and discussions provided by the " Pôle Capteur " and " Pôle Optique et Microscopie " facilities in  Institut Néel at CNRS-Grenoble.
SUPPORT FINANCIER Ce manuscrit s'inscrit dans le programme du RHU iLite (Innovations for Liver Tissue Engineering, ANR-16-RHUS-0005) dont l'objectif est de développer un foie bioconstruit, et dans celui du RHU CHOPIN (CHOlesterol Personalized Innovation, ANR-16-RHUS-0007) dont l'objectif est d'identifier de nouvelles cibles thérapeutiques dans l'hypercholestérolémie.
For this reason and to account for the formation of stable Ru 3+ and reduced T1 (Figure  1 ) we attribute the observed transient bleaching of T1 to a photoinduced electron transfer reaction according to (Equation A): Ã Ru 2 + : T1 / kcs Ru 3 + : T1 --/ k br Ru 2 + : T1 (Equation A) where the rate constant k cs describes charge separation from the excited state of the chromophore yielding the oxidized state of the chromophore (Ru 3+ ) and reduced laccase (T1 -), and k br describes charge recombination within the complex. It should be noted that the transiently formed species Ru 3+ is characterized by an extinction coefficient close to the one of the *Ru 2+ excited state (see legend of Figure  1 ) that leads to only very weak modifications of the absorption at 450 nm. The dataset of Figure  1  was analyzed by a global kinetic simulation based on the complete reaction scheme (Scheme 1, see also transparent methods section in the supplemental information), and an excellent fit to the data was obtained (solid black traces and residuals in Figure  1 ) with all rate constants well defined.
Data and code availability The published article includes all datasets/code generated or analyzed during this study. At the employed concentrations of LAC3 the mean distance between the photosensitizers and LAC3 are larger than 30 Å. If the position of LAC3 is taken at r = 0 Å a photosensitizer approaching (from the left side of the graph) will have to cross a k(r) curve providing a rate faster than the diffusion limit for an interaction to occur. This occurs at about 23 Å in the case of "slow" Förster energy transfer and at much larger distance for normal Förster energy transfer. At these large distances Marcus ET is many orders of magnitude slower and therefore cannot occur. Related to Fig. 1 , Scheme 1, Fig. S3 , and Scheme S1. In the absence of laccase, the constant slope is determined by the dismutation of superoxide which is faster than its production (the steady state concentration of O2 -is very low, see Fig.
Light-induced dioxygen consumption studies Dioxygen consumption was measured by polarography using a model 781 oxygen meter (Strathkelvin Instruments) or a Hansatech Oxygraph system with a micro-Clark electrode fitted to a temperaturecontrolled glass chamber. Irradiation of the sample was performed through the glass chamber with a Dolan JENNER LED (250 mW. cm -2 ) equipped with filters (450 nm <<700 nm). For the data in Fig. S11  irradiation was done with a Flexilux 600 Longlife 150 W 21 V halogen lamp through an ultraviolet cut-off (λ≥375 nm) and a 23% neutral density filter. H2O2 quantification H2O2 production after illumination as a function of laccase concentration was determined by HRP assay. 40 µL of the reaction solution, filtered through a 3 kDa filter was added to a solution of 240 µL ABTS (2 mg/mL) in phosphate buffer pH 8.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This work was supported by  ANR   Multiplet  ( ANR-15-CE07-0021-01 ) and by the  French Infrastructure for Integrated Structural Biology (FRISBI)   ANR-10-INSB-05-01  and  Labex Charmmmat  ( ANR-11-LABX-0039 ). We thank  Yolande Charmasson ,  Elise Courvoisier-Dezord , and the platform AVB:  Analyze & Valorisation de la Biodiversite  at  AMU  for technical support in the production of the recombinant enzyme. WL would like to thank  Kenneth A. Johnson  from  KinTek Corp  for making available the Global Kinetic Explorer software. Without it, the kind of analyses presented in this work would not have been possible.
Parameters and conditions for FE calculations Eqs. (  1 )-(  3 ) have been recast into balances of microforces, following  [1, 16] , and implemented in the finite element software Z-Set  [14] , where balances and constitutive laws are separated. The values of the parameters entering the model are reported in non-dimensional form in Table  1 , where length, time and energy scales are respectively the size L of the system (typically the average distance between precipitates), diffusion time τ = M /k, and the curvature k of the free energies with respect to concentration, which is chosen to be the same for both phases (k α = k β = k), see eq. (  6 ). The rescaled quantities are denoted with tilde. Λ = Λ/(kL) 5 × 10 -4 δ = δ/L 5 × 10 -2 D α = D α τ/L 2 1 × 10 -4 D β = D β τ/L 2 1 × 10 -4 E α = E α /k 14 × 10 10 E β = E β /k 7 × 10 10 ν α = ν β 0.
, 2016). L'analyse de l'autonomie des réseaux permet de déterminer s'ils peuvent se suffire à eux-mêmes et fonctionner en économie circulaire (autonomie biophysique)  (Tamura et Fujie, 2014). La localisation des fonds au sein ou en dehors du territoire et la gouvernance des flux renseignent sur l'autonomie décisionnelle des acteurs du territoire  (Nuhoff-Isakhanyan et al. , 2017). Les approches métaboliques permettent aussi de questionner, par la conversion des flux en d'autres grandeurs, les empreintes énergétiques, environnementales, socioéconomiques de ces systèmes. Des travaux évaluent l'efficience de l'usage de l'énergie (empreinte énergétique)  (Kim et al. , 2018) , l'efficience de l'usage de l'azote et les pollutions associées  (Harchaoui et Chatzimpiros, 2018)   Un recensement des bases de données existantes sur les BOA a été effectué (annexe 1) et quatorze bases de données ont été retenues pour la construction du proto-métabolisme  (Grillot et al.
Intérêts du proto-métabolisme Le principal intérêt du proto-métabolisme est qu'il se construit à partir de bases de données disponibles en libre accès, sans enquête de terrain préalable. Il est reproductible et automatisable 1  pour tout type d'étude infrarégionale. À visée générique, il ne prétend ni être exhaustif ni être parfaitement fidèle à la réalité. Il apporte de la connaissance située, tenant compte des singularités de chaque territoire, engendrant une première caractérisation des acteurs, des productions et de leurs empreintes. Il permet d'émettre des hypothèses sur le fonctionnement bioéconomique de la production, la valorisation des BOA d'un territoire et d'éclairer les potentiels compromis et arbitrages associés. L'analyse du proto-métabolisme questionne l'inscription des territoires dans une vision bioéconomique, qu'elle soit plutôt basée sur le renouvellement des fonds au sens de Georgescu-Roegen, ou sur l'optimisation de l'usage des BOA et le développement des biotechnologies.
Cela passe notamment par un travail d'enquête (réalité des pratiques, flux et réseaux) et d'échanges avec les acteurs du territoire. ■ 72 • ÉCONOMIE RURALE 376/AVRIL-JUIN 2021 ANNEXES Annexe 1. Bases de données en lien avec la BOA, échelle de collecte et accès (et QL des EA ayant un produit sous signe de qualité RA 2010 Part et QL des EA commercialisant en circuit court (hors vin) et EA faisant de la vente directe (de l'AB Répartition, évolution (2010-2017) et QL des surfaces et opérateurs AB Agence Bio et RPG 2017 Densité du réseau d'opérateurs de l'AB par habitant (/10 000 habitants) et par surface agricole acronymes : AB : agriculture biologique ; AOP : Appellation d'origine protégée ; CUMA : Coopérative d'utilisation de matériel agricole ; EA : exploitations agricoles ; IAA : industries agro-alimentaires ; IGP : Indication géographique protégée ; OTEX : orientation-technico-économique ; QL : quotient de localisation, par exemple le QL d'une culture A est calculé de la manière suivante : (surface culture A zone / SAU zone) / (surface culture A nationale / SAU nationale) ; SICA : Société d'intérêt collectif agricole ; SAU : surface agricole utile.
** acronymes de bases de données : BNV-D : banque nationale des ventes distributeurs (Onema) ; CLAP : Connaissance locale de l'appareil productif (Insee) ; DADS : Déclaration annuelle des données sociales (Insee) ; eStel : Estimations d'emploi localisé (Insee) ; RA : Recensement agricole (Agreste) ; RGP : Recensement général de la population (Insee) ; RPG : Registre Parcellaire Graphique (IGN) ; SAA : Statistiques annuelles agricoles (Agreste).
Remerciements Ces travaux ont été menés dans le cadre du projet  BOAT (Biomasses d'Origine Agricole à l'échelle des Territoires) , financé par l'ADEME, appel à projets Graine 2016. Les données pour l'empreinte énergétique et efficience d'utilisation azotée ont été calculées par  M. Khenissi , master II encadrée par P. Chatzimpiros. Merci aux relecteurs pour leur lecture attentive et leurs commentaires avisés.
Therefore, the intensity of N-PL signal at particular hot-spots is essentially defined by the geometrical factor of the junction and the plasmon modal characteristics. To confirm this hypothesis, Fig. 5  shows the computed cross-sectional views of the field intensity distributions characterizing the different guided surface plasmon modes supported by a 500 nm wide pentagonal AgNW at λ 0 = 808 nm. The nanowire is surrounded by air (n = 1) and lying on a glass substrate (n = 1. 5). The modes are identified and computed by a commercial mode solver (COMSOL Multiphysics, RF module) and a homemade (Green's dyad) method. The computation provides the complex effective index of the guided modes ñ eff = n eff + in ′′ eff and their field distribution. Details can be found in  [20, 44]. The fundamental mode features an intensity distribution confined to the glass-AgNW interface and principally at corners V 4 and V 5 (see Fig.
Funding. Région de Bourgogne Franche-Comté ;  Délégation Régionale à la Recherche et à la Technologie ;  Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ;  EIPHI Graduate School  (contract  ANR-17-EURE-0002 );  European Regional Development Fund; Indo-French Centre for the Promotion of Advanced Research  (project No. 5504-3 );  Conseil régional de Bourgogne-Franche-Comté  (project  APEX ).
Aspects réglementaires et qualité des prélèvements Le recrutement des sujets et des panelistes est effectué à l'aide d'une base de données de participants volontaires dans le respect du règlement UE 2016/679 du Parlement européen et du Conseil du 27 avril 2016 relatif à la protection des personnes physiques à l'égard du traitement des données à caractère personnel et à la libre circulation de ces données, et abrogeant la directive 95/46/CE dit règlement général sur la protection des données. Après avoir été dûment informés et après la signature d'un formulaire de consentement, ces panelistes suivent un protocole défini avant de se présenter à chaque séance qui consiste le plus souvent à ne pas consommer d'aliments et à ne pas se laver les dents une heure avant la séance afin d'éviter toute contamination du liquide salivaire.
To capture phenomena at frequencies around tens of blade passing frequency, the protection grids are removed in order to maximize the natural frequency of the probes. The data acquisition frequency is 500 kHz. An analogue high-frequency cut filter (>250 kHz) is used to delete parasites due to sensors resonance (440 kHz) and electromagnetic radiations (700 kHz). The average value of the uncertainties of the fluctuations is less than 0. 7% of the peak-to-peak pressure fluctuation of the signal. Six of these unsteady pressure sensors are circumferentially distributed at the shroud at the impeller inlet (1 mm upstream the impeller leading edge), the distribution is depicted in Fig. 2. (Cambier et al. , 2011)  developed at ONERA. The code elsA uses a cell-centered finite volume method. From the experimental results  (Moënne-Loccoz et al.
ASSESSMENT OF NUMERICAL SIMULATION VS EXPERIMENTAL DATA Numerical simulations are run to investigate in depth the impeller recirculation. The use of mixing planes is considered valid because the recirculation reveals to be circumferentially independent outside a blade row. The accuracy of numerical simulations is assessed by the pressure ratios of the stage and components measured. The total to static pressure ratio of the whole compressor, the total to static pressure ratio of the IGV and the impeller together and the static to static pressure ratio of the radial diffuser are plotted in Fig. 3  for all IGV stagger angles φ. The numerical static pressure field is probed according to the position of experimental probes in order to allow a fair comparison. It means that instead of using an averaged pressure a local pressure is taken at the identical position as the probe is located.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The authors would like to thank  Pierre Laucher ,  Sebastien Goguey ,  Gilbert Halter  and  Benoit Paoletti  for manufacturing the test bench and supporting the measurements. Nicolas Rochuon ,  Nicolas Buffaz ,  Emmanuel Bénichou ,  Victor Moënne-Loccoz  and  Julissa Grondin  are kindly thanked for their previous studies. The authors would like to thank also  Safran Helicopter Engines  which supported this study. This project has received funding from the  Clean Sky 2 Joint Undertaking  under the European Union's  Horizon 2020 research and innovation program  under grant agreement  N°820099. This publication reflects only the author's view and the JU is not responsible for any use that may be made of the information it contains.
mendeley. com/datasets/ctdxxp5484/ engrais. Ce modèle, décrit dans le tableau 1 draft?a=83acbcda-9219-4158-8d5f-8aee0bcf7b1d (colonne 3) : i) minimise un indicateur d'écart entre la composition requise et la composition optimale trouvée ; ii) permet de n'utiliser un CBC dans la nomenclature d'un engrais à produire, qu'à condition de représenter un pourcentage suffisant (1% retenu par défaut) ; iii) considère qu'il n'existe Les résultats de ces 50 optimisations (voir la feuille «EC1S_Résultats_UBC»), dont un extrait est présenté dans le Tableau 4, conduisent à l'obtention exacte de la composition demandée pour 48 engrais. Pour les deux engrais restants, on observe des écarts largement inférieurs aux tolérances de la norme pas de contraintes de disponibilité des CBC et que la européenne : pour l'engrais 8 : 0% pour N et K et demande de l'engrais étudié est +0.
, 1996)  et 50 ms de réaction musculaire pour des personnes en bonne santé  (Radebold et al. , 2000). Pour le traitement des données, les statistiques descriptives, les tests statistiques et la visualisation des résultats, nous avons utilisé Python 2. 7 avec cinq bibliothèques : NumPy, Pandas, SciPy, StatsModels et Matplotlib. Les statistiques descriptives utilisées sont deux critères de position (la moyenne et la médiane) et quatre critères de dispersion (l'écart-type, les quartiles, le minimum et le maximum). Les deux tests statistiques utilisés pour les données quantitatives (p. ex. , le temps de perception) sont une analyse de la variance (ANOVA) lorsque trois sont à comparer et le test de Student lorsque deux variables sont à comparer. Les deux tests statistiques utilisés pour les données qualitatives nominales (p.
Acknowledgements We would like to thank  Damien Gendry  ( University of Rennes ) for his assistance in sampling the Craie 701 borehole; and  Nathalie Labourdette  for the stable isotope measurements. Special thanks to  Maurice Renard  and  François Baudin  for useful discussions that helped for the redaction of this manuscript; and to  Jean-françois Deconinck  and anonymous reviewer for their very helpful reviews. This program research has been partially funded by the labex Matisse.
FINANCEMENTS ET SOUTIENS Nos travaux sont financés par le CNRS, l'Université de Paris, l'Université Côte d'Azur, l'agence nationale de la recherche (ANR), la ligue nationale contre le cancer (LNCC), l'association pour la recherche sur le cancer (ARC), La Fondation pour la recherche médicale (FRM), l'Initiative d'excellence (IDEX) UCA Jedi ainsi que les Laboratoires d'excellence (LABEX) « Who Am I ? » et « SIGNALIFE » qui bénéficient d'un financement de l'État géré par l'ANR, dans le cadre des investissements d'avenir.
Electronic Read-out of cTnI Binding: Graphene transfer characteristics were recorded after each modification step using a Keithley 2400 source-meter with custom-made LabVIEW software. All measurements were performed using a MicruX flow cell made of PMMA with fixed flow channel geometry (16 μl), ensuring a defined flow rate of 50 µl min -1 to minimize mass transport limitation of the analyte to the sensor surface in all experiments  [26]. Electrical measurements were performed by applying a 50 mV source-drain bias V DS and sweeping the gate potential V GS while monitoring the current between the drain and the source I DS. A silver chloride wire (diameter 1 mm, Sigma-Aldrich) was used to operate the graphene-FET device in liquid gate configuration, with a constant gate bias of 0. 2 V. The general procedure of the sensing experiment started with continuously flushing the pure buffer (PBS, 0.
e. , the dissociation constant, K d , for the specific receptor-ligand pair! And it would suggest that there should be a saturation behavior for analyte concentrations in the sample solution well-above this K d -value. In order to explain why it is so important to generate this model-based understanding of the molecular interactions on the sensor surface, we refer to our own work and summarize in the following experimental binding data that were collected by i) surface plasmon fluorescence spectroscopy, by ii) an electrochemical technique, i. e. , differential pulse voltammetry, and by the most recent methodological developed in our laboratories, i. e. , iii) an electronic read-out concept based on graphene field-effect transistors (gFETs).
This suggests that the decrease of the Dirac point value is attributed to the charge gating effect of the attached linker molecules and cTnI. The sensor response was analyzed at a gate voltage of 350 mV -at this value, the current for each cTnI concentration and for the PBS 0. 01x baseline was extracted from the I D V G curve. By calculating ∆I DS = I DS ([cTnI] n ) -I DS (PBS 0. 01x ), for each given concentration, n, in pg mL -1 , a calibration curve was obtained (Figure  5b ). The fit of these data to a Langmuir model (black curve in (Figure  5 (b)) gave a dissociation constant of K d = 55 pg mL -1. As judged from the minimal difference of the source-drain-current at V G = 350 mV (cf. Figure  5a ) between pure buffer and the 3 pg mL -1 solution we estimate a LoD = 1 pg mL -1.
I coded this table with the text analysis software NVivo to find the concepts of Table  2. I was thus able to verify that the entire table was coded. The concepts of Table  2  enable to grasp the presence of the two paradigms of correspondence and hylemorphism. While reading the book and searching for words describing the link between hylemorphism and correspondence, I found a link characterized by the opposition. Finally, I can notice that Ingold's correspondence paradigm is in line with process studies. In fact, the concepts of transformation, process, and attention components of correspondence according to Ingold can also be found in process studies, particularly in the definition given to them by  Langley et al. (2013) , who stated that: The concept of change is close to the one of transformation also mentioned by  Langley et al.
Organization is here defined as a structure of events  (Hernes, 2014b) , that is, a common narrative that participates in defining organizational dynamics and makes collective action possible. From this perspective, then, this study consists of understanding how past, present, and future events are enacted by actors to form a structure of events from which an identity, actorhood and collective choices can emerge. The following section presents a case study about makers residing in a makerspace. It presents the maker movement, the ICI Montreuil makerspace, and describes the data collection and the data analysis process, showing how the events-based approach was applied in order to transcribe the organizational dynamics.
Data collection The data collection combined a variety of methods that include observation, conversation, and a careful reading of the available documents. In the context of this study of the makers resident at ICI Montreuil, the data were obtained from non-participant observations, semi-directive interviews, and also from collected documents (photographs, online documents, and social networks). In October 2014, I conducted a first visit to ICI Montreuil. During this first visit, I was surprised by the diversity of projects and actors. It was following this first visit that I suggested to the founders of the makerspace to study the space, the staff, and the makers. We reached an agreement allowing me to observe, to interview, and to collect documents freely, without restriction and without offering any recompense.
Acknowledgments The author would like to thank  Stéphan Pezé , senior editor of the journal M@n@gement, for his support and for the quality of his comments and ideas. He would also like to thank the anonymous reviewers for their evaluation which allowed him to advance the ideas presented in this article. The author would like to thank  Stéphanie Missonier  who assisted him in the writing of the first version of this article. He would also like to thank  Aura Parmentier  for her support and help. Finally, this research was carried out in part with the financial support of the  'cercle de l'innovation' of University of Paris-Dauphine. In this respect, the author would like to thank  Albert David  for his help.
Overflow spillways are essential structures of dam projects, releasing surplus flood water to ensure dam safety. The discharge capacity of these structures depends mainly on their geometry; the most common shape is the standard weir, designed empirically. The design of overflow spillways must be optimised with respect to hydraulic performance, dam safety requirements and economic cost. The objective of this work is to numerically investigate spillway design using a shape optimisation process based on computational fluid dynamics software. The program Code_Saturne, which uses the volume of fluid method, was used to optimise the spillway design. To decrease computational cost, two reduced-order models were constructed. The first, with independent error formulation, was based on a neural network model, and the second was based on a kriging model, which considers correlated error formulation.