dataesr/scientific-paragraphs-categorization huggingface dataset:
1 nM)  (43). The RNA binding activity of FANCA could be involved in nucleolar and/or ribosome biogenesis homeostasis, which we discovered as perturbed in its absence. More generally, in such fractions, among the more than 20 proteins associated with the FANC pathway, we retrieved only FANCI and FANCD2. The presence of FANCI in the ribosomal fractions validated previous data demonstrating that the functions of FANCI, such as FANCA, encompass ribosome biogenesis and DNA repair. As reported here for FANCA, Sondalle et al. (61)  demonstrated that FANCI depletion perturbs rDNA transcription and processing slightly but consistently (in both cases, delayed formation of the mature forms was observed) and affects global translation. As in the current study, Sondalle et al. (61)  reported that FANCD2 depletion did not perturb rDNA transcription, rRNA processing, or translation.
Nucleolar and nucleoplasmic intensity quantification of R-loops and G-quadruplexes was performed on epifluorescence images using CellProfiler software and FBL staining as a nucleolar marker. For colocalization assessment, image acquisition was performed using a confocal Leica TCS Sp8 microscope at ×63 magnification 1. 4 NA (with magnification to a resolution of approximately 40 nm per pixel). Deconvolution was performed using Huygens software. A negative control was performed by acquiring each signal separately.
1% formic acid) over a period of 98 min, followed by column regeneration for 23 min, giving a total run time of 2 hours. Peptides were analyzed in the Orbitrap cell, in full ion scan mode, at a resolution of 70,000 [at mass/charge ratio (m/z) 200], with a mass range of m/z 375 to 1500 and an automatic gain control (AGC) target of 3 × 10 6. Fragments were obtained by high collision-induced dissociation activation with a collisional energy of 30% and a quadrupole isolation window of 1. 4 Da. MS/MS data were acquired in the Orbitrap cell in Top20 mode at a resolution of 17,500, with an AGC target of 2 × 10 5 , and a dynamic exclusion of 30 s. MS/MS of most intense precursors was first acquired. Peptides with unassigned charge states or monocharged peptides were excluded from the MS/ MS acquisition.
Quantitative analysis of protein abundance variations Label-free relative quantification was performed in between subject analysis for each biological independent experiment, condition by condition, with raw data acquired in technical replicates, using Progenesis-Qi software 3. 0 (Nonlinear Dynamics Ltd. , Newcastle, UK). The procedure was as follows: (i) chromatogram alignment, (ii) peptide abundance normalization, which was performed on a set of 76 RPs, (iii) statistical analyses of features, and (iv) peptide identification. For this last step, all MS and MS/MS data were processed with Proteome Discoverer software (Thermo Fisher Scientific, version 2. 1) and with the Mascot search engine (Matrix Science, version 5. 1). The mass tolerance was set to 7 ppm for precursor ions and 0. 02 Da for fragments.
The maximum number of missed cleavages was limited to two for the trypsin protease. The following variable modifications were allowed: oxidation (Met) and phosphorylation (Ser and Thr). The SwissProt database (02/17) with the Homo sapiens taxonomy was used for the MS/MS identification step. Peptide identifications were validated using a 1% false discovery rate threshold calculated with the Percolator algorithm. Abundance variation measured for each protein by label-free quantification was validated if the calculated analysis of variance (ANOVA) P values were <0. 05.
Acknowledgments: We thank all the members of the  UMR9019-CNRS  research unit for helpful discussions; the  Proteomics platform of the Jacques Monod Institute  ( UMR7592   CNRS/ Paris Diderot University ) for the quantitative proteomics experiments; the Imaging and  Cytometry Platform ,  UMS 23/3655 ,  Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, University Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France ;  P. Pasero  for the gift of the S9. 6 hybridoma-purified antibody and for sharing protocols;  K. J. Patel  and  A. Constantinou  for the gift of the FANCA-YFP and Flag-FANCA vectors, respectively; the  Fanconi Anemia Research Fund (FARF)  for the gift of antibodies; and  A. Londono  for the gift of the G4 antibody. Funding: A. G. was a fellow of the  INSERM School Liliane Bettencourt and was supported by a "Course of Excellence in Oncology-Fondation Philanthropia " award.
Methods: The Cochrane collaboration searching methods was followed in Cochrane Library, PubMed and Web of Science databases (2006--2019). Eligibility criteria were RCT that enrolled patients of any age or health status with seasonal influenza (H1N1, H3N2, or B) or influenza-like syndrome and receiving NAIs comparing to placebo therapy. Results: Eighteen RCTs (9004 patients) were included: nine focused on oral oseltamivir therapy, six on inhaled zanamivir, and three on intravenous peramivir. Time to clinical resolution and total influenzarelated complications were significantly less in patients treated with NAIs vs placebo (10 RCTs, OR: -17. 78 hours, 95% CI: -26. 78 to -8. 79 and 11 RCTs, OR: 0. 64, 95% CI: 0. 51-0. 82, respectively). Effectiveness of NAIs in reducing total influenza-related complications in patients with confirmed influenza infection was more pronounced in high-risk patients (2 RCTs, 106 patients, OR: 0.
Data analysis For categorical outcomes, the number of patients who had each outcome and denominator were extracted, and for continuous outcomes, sample size, mean [standard deviation (SD)] or median [InterquartilInterquartile Range (IQR)] were extracted, based on the information provided within studies. Where results were not reported in a format suitable for meta-analysis we used recommended methods from the Cochrane collaboration to extract or estimate effects including contacting study authors and using formulae to conversion of medians (IQR) to estimated mean (SD) as previously described  19. The meta-analysis was performed when sufficient data for each outcome were reported. All statistical analyses were performed using Review Manager (RevMan) version 5. 3. The summary statistic measures used for the evaluation of dichotomous outcomes were the odds ratio (OR).
In contrast, BSA-Au 25 had a signi cantly larger D max of 90. 85 Å and had a shoulder at small distances, indicating the presence of additional scattering centers in the protein. Next, the capacity of the crystallographic structure of BSA (PDB entry 3v03) was evaluated to describe both SAXS curves shown in Fig. 2b. While the structure was in excellent agreement with the BSA pro le (χ 2 = 2. 2) (Fig. 2b ), unsurprisingly, it was unable the describe the curve measured for BSA-Au 25 (χ 2 = 24. 6). To achieve a better t between the experimental data and the theoretical structure of the BSA-Au 25 , we modeled the Au 25 NC (see Computational for Au 25 NC details in the SI) on the surface of the BSA. we selected Cys34 for this model, as it is the only free cysteine in the protein, and we placed its side chain in the position of one of the pMBA molecules of the external protective shell of the Au NC (Fig.
2c ). Although the incorporation of the Au 25 NC into the BSA structure improved the agreement with the experimental BSA-Au 25 SAXS curve (χ 2 = 6. 55), systematic deviations throughout the momentum transfer range were still observed. A closer inspection of the BSA structure showed a region of the protein (residues 55-119), consisting of a long unstructured loop (residues 105-119), that could be structurally impacted in the presence of the NC. To test this hypothesis, we performed a normal mode SAXS re nement of the BSA-Au 25 structure using the program SREFLEX,  44  allowing movement in this region while maintaining the rest of the protein and keeping the NC xed in place (Fig. 2c ). To show the selectivity of NC binding, we generated seven different structures with the Au 25 NC attached to other cysteines of the BSA (Fig.
Declarations facility SOLEIL (St. Aubin) for allocating regular beam time (20201085) and its dedicated staff for technical help with the beamline SWING. XLG would like to acknowledge Plan Cancer (C18038CS) and ANR SIREN (ANR-20CE09-0039-01) for their nancial support. Contributions F. B. , X. LG. and R. A. conceived the idea and designed the experiments. R. A. supervised the project. F. B. C. C. Z. and H. F. synthesised and characterised nanoclusters. K. D. W. and U. T-G carried out SWIR experiments and analysis. P. B. and A. S. carried out SAXS experiments and analysis. M. P. B. and V. B. K advised and carried out quantum chemistry studies. R. A. wrote the manuscript. All authors analyzed the data, amended and commented on the manuscript. Corresponding author Correspondence to Xavier Le Guével and Rodolphe Antoine.
Acknowledgments This research was partly supported by the project  STIM-REI , Contract Number:  KK. 01. 1. 1. 01. 0003 , funded by the  European Union  through the  European Regional Development Fund -the Operational Programme Competitiveness and Cohesion   2014-2020 (KK. 01. 1. 1. 01 ). VBK, MPB and HF acknowledge computational facilities of the  HPC computer  within the  STIM-REI  project , Doctoral study of Biophysics at University of Split  as well as  Prof. Miroslav Radman at MedILS  and  Split-Dalmatia County  for support. This work was supported by the  Labex EpiGenMed , an  «Investissements d'avenir» program  ( ANR-10-LABX-12-01 ). The CBS is a member of  France-BioImaging (FBI)  and the  French Infrastructure for Integrated Structural Biology (FRISBI) , 2 national infrastructures supported by the  French National Research Agency  ( ANR-10-INBS-04-01  and  ANR-10-INBS-05 , respectively).
0 and then to progressively increase the intensity by 10%Wmax increments while still being able to achieve 30 min of exercise. All patients were asked to complete a logbook to record the exercise sessions carried out. Data collection 1. Demographic data (age, sex, BMI, medical history and living situation) were collected by the physician in charge in each centre. 2. Preoperative respiratory function tests were performed according to the American Thoracic Society (ATS)/ European Respiratory Society (ERS) standards. 21 A symptom-limited Cardio-Pulmonary Exercise Test was performed on an electronically braked cycle ergometer with breath-by-breath expired gas analysis, determined as the highest average values over 30 s, and peak work rate was identified. 22. Patient-reported outcomes were assessed just before the beginning of the rehabilitation programme by using three different standard questionnaires: the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS),  23  the Pichot fatigue scale and the French Evaluation of Deprivation and Inequalities in Health Score (EPICES) questionnaire to assess social precariousness and health inequity.
(2015). Here, we use the Lauder CO, HCN, C 2 H 6 and OCS data sets from 2002 to mid-2020. The optimal estimation retrieval strategies for the trace gases CO, OCS and HCN contain enough information (degrees of freedom) to allow partitioning of the retrieved profiles into stratospheric ( ∼ 11-100 km) and tropospheric (0-∼ 11 km) partial columns. There is not enough information in the C 2 H 6 retrieval to extract an independent stratospheric partial column.
MLS: CO and HCN Observations The Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) performs vertical profile measurements of water vapor and multiple trace gases in the UTLS on the National Aronautics and Space Administration's Aura satellite since 2004  (Waters et al. , 2006). Here, we use the  CO and HCN observations (version 5)  between July 2019 and June 2020 for the area 160-175 °E, 32-58 °S. Data are filtered according to the data screening guidelines  (Livesey et al. , 2020). MLS has a dense sampling, obtaining one vertical profile each 165 km (3,500 profiles per day), with a vertical resolution of ∼ 2-5 km. World Meteorological Organization (WMO) tropopause pressure levels are provided within the MLS data set. The MLS data product is on a pressure resolved vertical grid. For the tested time frame and area, CO observations are available above the 316 hPa (with six given pressure levels between 316 and 32 hPa) and 100 hPa for HCN (with four pressure levels between 100 and 32 hPa).
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The authors are grateful for the support of  Agence Nationale de La Recherche  under grant  ANR-17-CE01-0015  ( TTL-Xing ). Support from the  VOLTAIRE  project ( ANR-10-LABX-100-01 ) funded by  ANR  through the  PIA (Program d'Investissement d'Avenir)  is gratefully acknowledged. The authors acknowledge  NASA ,  SAGE III/ISS  and OMPS teams. The SouthTRAC campaign is a joint atmospheric research project by German research centers and universities within the  DFG HALO-SPP 1294 framework ; the authors would also like to thank the SouthTRAC coordinators as well as the flight and ground teams for their support during the campaign.
FUNDING CK was funded by  Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation)-409585735. CQ is supported by the graduate school  HITEC (Helmholtz Interdisciplinary Doctoral Training in Energy and Climate Research ). Measurements made at Lauder are core funded by  NIWA through New Zealand's Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment Strategic Science Investment Fund. This work has been supported by the  Programme National de Télédétection Spatiale  (PNTS, http://www. insu. cnrs. fr/pnts),grant n °. PNTS-2019-9 and by the  CNES  ( Centre National d'Études Spatiales ),  TOSCA/IASI  grant.
DATA AVAILABILITY STATEMENT The AMICA CO data will be made available in the HALO data base under https://doi. org/10. 17616/R39Q0T. The Lauder MIR FTS data sets are available on the NDACC public database ftp. cpc. ncep. noaa. gov/ndacc/station/ lauder/hdf/ftir. The Lauder in situ CO data set can be obtained by directly contacting Dan Smale, until it is made publicly available on the World Data Centre for Greenhouse Gases (https://gaw. kishou. go. jp). MLS data are available at http://disc. sci. gsfc. nasa. gov/Aura/data-holdings/MLS. The SAGE III/ISS aerosol extinction data set (v5. 1) is available at https://eosweb. larc. nasa. gov and OMPS v2. 0 data at https://daac. gsfc. nasa. gov/.
BASQUE-CANTABRIAN PYRENEES: GEOLOGICAL CROSS SECTIONS Field observations and the interpretation of commercial seismic reflection lines together with borehole data enable us to define the main stratigraphic and structural features of the region. We integrated all the available data into the 3D Move software. Seismic data as well as borehole data, all of which are in the public domain, were provided by the Instituto Geológico y Minero de España (IGME). The seismic data presented here consist of old scanned images of time migrated seismic lines. We tied highly reflective seismic horizons to well-defined stratigraphic units and/or limits, such as the Lower-Middle Jurassic carbonates, or the top basement, that we interpret to be responsible for the observed reflectivity (e. g. , El Coto-1, Navajo-1, Rioja-3, Figure  3 ).
, 2008  for further details on this area). The northern limit of the Bilbao Anticlinorium is characterised by the Bilbao Fault  (Quintana et al. , 2015) , a NW-SE continuous structure all along the Basque-Cantabrian basin, but is poorly imaged in seismic data (Figure  3 ). Immediately to the north of the Bilbao Fault, the tight Biscay Syncline includes a thick Late Cretaceous to Cenozoic syn-orogenic succession. At its northern edge, it shows a fault system characterised by steep faults and squeezed salt structures, such as the one interpreted in the Sopela beach (Figure  6a ). At the northern limit, the North Biscay Anticlinorium crops out  (Muñoz, 2019).
e. , Moho) are observed but its internal architecture is ill defined in seismic data and is therefore difficult to resolve and interpret. 3. The sedimentary cover is allochthonous due to the presence of Triassic salt, which acted as a decoupling level. Therefore, no direct correlation can be done between the sedimentary cover and the underlying basement, which makes the description of the rift architecture difficult along this section. Moreover, a 12 km thick Mesozoic sedimentary cover argues for extreme crustal thinning in the Basque-Cantabrian basin and favours the presence of a north-dipping extensional detachment system flooring its southern margin, which is contradictory with a major south-dipping fault at the northern border. 4. There is a strong gravimetric anomaly underneath the Bilbao Anticlinorium, which is, according to the interpretation proposed in this paper, linked to the presence of a serpentinised mantle body.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This work was supported by the  OROGEN  Project. The seismic and borehole data have been provided by the  Instituto Geológico y Minero de España (IGME)  and  Midland Valley  is also thanked for providing the Move software. We thank  Nick Kusznir  for helping with the depth conversion process and  Rodolphe Lescoutre  and the  Orogen community  for fruitful geological discussions. Kerry Gallagher  as deputy editor, as well as the reviewers  Antonio Pedrera ,  Antoni Teixell ,  Luis Quintana  and  Hugh Sinclair  are acknowledged for their constructive comments, which significantly improved the initial manuscript.
Analysis of the behavioural segments Between the 28 th of June and the 1 st of July 2018, in a falconry centre in Rocamadour (France), we collected GPS and tri-axial accelerometry (ACC) data on 10 individuals from five raptors species: Eurasian griffon vulture (n=4), Rüppell's vulture (n=1), Himalayan griffon vulture (n=2), tawny eagle (n=2) and black kite (n=1). GPS and ACC devices were attached to the birds using harnesses fitted either as a leg-loop or as a backpack. The unit of this analysis was the behavioural segment, classified based on the GPS data as either soaring or gliding, and based on the ACC data as either passive or active flight. Our data included a total of 2172 observations (37 for the control individual, 2135 for the treatment individuals), where each observation corresponded to the average flight parameters of one behavioural segment.
Treatment group The dataset of the treatment group included 92 flight sessions from 10 individuals. During each flight session, individuals were equipped with either a leg-loop or a backpack harness. The complete dataset included a total of 2135 observations (789 backpack and 1346 leg-loop). The flight parameters mean vertical speed and mean horizontal speed were each used as response variable in two LMMs (one for the soaring and one for the gliding flight segments, including 1208 and 927 observations respectively). Maximum height a. s. l. was also analysed in two separate LMMs but the number of observations was halved (every second observation excluded) to reduce temporal auto-correlation, obtaining 604 soaring segments and 464 gliding segments. Glide ratio was analysed during gliding segments only (859 observations).
VeDBA was only considered during passive flight, given the low number of active flight segments included in our dataset (N = 69); also in this case the dataset was halved to reduce temporal auto-correlation, obtaining 1037 observations. All models' results listed below, unless otherwise specified, show estimate ± st. err. In the vertical speed model associated to soaring, the effect of harness type differed between species, the interaction term being significant compared to the null model [χ 2 = 15. 17, p = 0. 004]. All vultures species equipped with leg-loops reached significantly higher vertical speeds while soaring, up to 0. 65 ms -1 higher (Rüppell's vulture), compared to the backpack group [leg-loop:Griffon vulture = 0. 51 ± 0. 20; leg-loop:Himalayan vulture = 0. 39 ± 0. 21; leg-loop:Rüppell's vulture = 0.
Analysis of the flight sessions The unit of this analysis was the flight session, therefore it was only applied to the treatment group, as the control individual was only tracked for two flight sessions. The dataset contained a total of 92 observations, where each observation corresponded to one flight session, whose performance were summarised in terms of: total flight duration, total distance covered during the flight, proportion of soaring flight along the track, proportion of active flight and cumulative VeDBA. We applied onesided Wilcoxon test (greater) and found that the difference in flight parameters between harness types was never significantly higher than the baseline, except in the case of the proportion of active flight. In this case, the difference in the proportion of active flight performed with one or the other harness type was significantly higher than the baseline [one-sided Wilcoxon test: V = 40456, p = 0.
We thus think that technical problems related to energy harvesting can be species specific and in many cases overcome, maybe even reduced through the mere use of leg-loops, at least within the limits posed by the local atmospheric conditions (e. g. hours of sun) and the species-specific behaviour (e. g. time spent flying) and plumage. Investigating the effect of harness type on fine-scale flight parameters is also relevant in the context of data standardization and comparability  (Curk, T. , Scacco, M. et al. 2021). The measures of flight performance investigated in our study are commonly used parameters in movement ecology studies focusing on comparing flight behaviour and performance across species, populations or environmental contexts. The data used in such studies are often collected by different research groups using different devices with possibly different attachment methods.
Some devices had GPS and accelerometer sensors separated into two units: Gipsy 1 (n=8) and Gipsy 5 (n=1) recorded GPS locations at 4 Hz, and were associated with either AXY 1 (n=4) or AGM (n=3) sensors, which collected ACC data at 25 Hz. Finally Axytreck devices (n=3) collected both 1 Hz GPS and 25 Hz ACC. All devices recorded GPS and ACC information continuously. At the beginning of each day, all tags were positioned on a wooden slat to be switched on and calibrated simultaneously.
Control group We used as control group data collected from one Eurasian griffon vulture during one day. During that day and two flight sessions, this control individual was equipped simultaneously with both backpack and leg-loop. Both devices measured the same behaviour at the exact same time, and the GPS and ACC devices deployed were of the same generation (Gipsy 1 and AXY 1 ). Therefore, we expect that potential differences between the flight parameters measured using the two harness types should be purely methodological and associated to the position of the device on the animal's body. This allowed us to assess if, for the same given behaviour, the position of the device on the animal's back could affect the information we collect.
Data processing and behavioural segmentation The original dataset included 10 individuals from five species and a total of 96 flight sessions (40 with backpacks and 56 with leg-loops). Within each flight session, ACC and GPS data were recorded continuously. ACC data were collected at 25 Hz; GPS data at 1 and 4 Hz depending on the device generation, but they were all sub-sampled to 1 Hz (one GPS fix per second). We used ACC data to identify active flight. We first calculated the static component of acceleration by taking running means (smoothed values) of the raw acceleration values of each of the three axis over a period of 0. 5 seconds, corresponding to two complete flapping cycles (we observed an average of four flapping cycles per second)  (Shepard et al. 2008). We then obtained the dynamic component of acceleration by subtracting the smoothed values from the raw values.