dataesr/scientific-paragraphs-categorization huggingface dataset:
Acknowledgments We thank  E. Svavarsson ,  I. Arnarsson  and  E. L. Jo  ´nsdottir for their technical assistance at Verið, facilities from  Holar University College (HUC). We are grateful to Holalax ehf fish farm and the  Arctic charr breeding program  for providing animals. We thank  Bjarni K. Krisjta  ´nsson for providing comments on preliminary drafts,  Amy Fingerle  for carefully reading over a final version, as well as two reviewers for making valuable comments. Support was provided by  HUC , and this study was approved by its ethical committee represented by  Helgi Thorarensen. CAL and DB designed and performed the experiments, CAL and KH analysed the data, but all authors contributed to the writing of the manuscript.
Data The DEGREWIND PCL1300 UHF wind profilers of the KMA network, manufactured by the French company Degreane, were being operated continuously during the Jangma episode in 2013. Wind vector data were collected at eight wind profiler sites from 17 June to 22 June 2013. As shown in Figure  2 , sites P1 (Gunsan), P2 (Wonju), and P3 (Changwon) are within a 100-km radius circle centered on P0 (Chupungnyeong) the reference site.
Data The DEGREWIND PCL1300 UHF wind profilers of the KMA network, manufactured by the French company Degreane, were being operated continuously during the Jangma episode in 2013. Wind vector data were collected at eight wind profiler sites from 17 June to 22 June 2013. As shown in Figure  2 , sites P1 (Gunsan), P2 (Wonju), and P3 (Changwon) are within a 100-km radius circle centered on P0 (Chupungnyeong) the reference site. The wind profiler radar is configured with operational systems that have five beams with an 8. 5 • aperture comprising a vertical beam and four oblique ones with 17 • zenithal elevations disposed every 90 • in the azimuthal direction. During a cycle, these profilers provide about four-min vertical profiles of reflectivity, three components of the wind, the Doppler spectral width, and the spectral skewness.
The cycle is composed of low-mode and high-mode data acquisition (Table  1 ). Data are collected in the vertical, north, east, south, and west directions in low mode for the first two min, followed by the same order in high mode. In this study we used only low-mode data, and the selection of the relevant atmospheric peak in the Doppler spectra was derived with a discrete 128-point Fourier transform window made with a 15-min duration consensus technique based on median filters, thresholds, and vertical and time continuity tests. Particular attention is paid to the detection and decomposition of bimodal peaks resulting from atmospheric and ground clutter echoes. Doppler weather radar can measure the radial velocity by scattering based on the same principle as the wind profiler, and it can calculate the wind vector through the radial velocity at the three-dimensional coordinates with the altitude, azimuth, and radius.
In Figure  1 , southwest of the wind profiler observation network on the Korean peninsula is the no-observations area in which no WPR is operated. In this study, meteorological Doppler radar data were added to the wind profiler observation network for 3D wind field guidance, and the range of the 3D wind field was expanded. The Doppler radar data are recorded in the universal format, and the reflectivity, radial velocity, and spectral width are recorded according to the azimuth, distance, and altitude. They are processed by the data quality control algorithm of the Open System Radar Product Generator (ORPG)  [21]. Radars have the same continuous operating mode based on a data collection cycle of 10 min duration. The cycle is composed of 10 to 15 plan position indicator scans at different elevations.
Accuracy Validation Comparisons of WPR3D and either LDAPS or single wind profilers were conducted to evaluate the accuracy and quality of the wind profiler observations. The accuracy of the wind profiler at each site was investigated and used as a basis for finding the cause of error. The accuracy of a wind profiler was calculated with the skill scores in Table  3. V W and V L are the wind vectors of the wind profiler and LDAPS, respectively. L and W are the mean values for V W and V L ; the root mean square error (RMSE) is the absolute magnitude of the wind profiler error. The accuracy (ACC) is the remainder for the average wind vector of the radiosonde in the percentage of RMSE. The N in Table  3  represents the number of wind profiler and LDAPS data points for each altitude. The mean bias (MB) is related to the wind profiler error.
However, on 19 June at 00 UTC, the wind field southwest of P0 differed significantly from the nonlinear wind field of LDAPS. Because the WPR3D wind field algorithm using the wind profiler network is based on the linearity of the wind, it is possible that the nonlinear wind is not correctly realized. In addition, discrepancies in the southwestern region of P0 are due to a lack of data in the southwestern region and to the southwestern mountainous terrain of P0 (see Figure  2 ). The HyMeX showed how the various combinations of radars behave for specific wind patterns and different degrees of heterogeneity over the northwestern Mediterranean basin  [20]. Wind fields retrieved by the network were compared with AROME-WMED (Application of Research to Operations at Mesoscale-West Mediterranean Sea) model analysis fields.
Bird data Standardized bird counts have been performed on all the ponds of the two saltpans since 2005, but we restricted the dataset to the 12 ponds (7 on Vieux Salins and 5 on Pesquiers) and three years (2014-2016) with complete physicochemical records (Fig. 1 ); these ponds account for 62% of all bird counts for the species and years considered (from 32%, Little Tern to 82%, Kentish Plover). Counts were performed by a trained ornithologist, on a weekly (April-September) or ten-days (October-March) basis, at strategic locations maximizing coverage along a standardized 77 km track covering all ponds within the two sites. Counts started at sunrise and the whole track was sampled in a single day, usually in five hours. All birds seen or heard were recorded, except flyovers or birds flying from a pond to another.
It is tempting to believe that a more complete assessment of water physico-chemical characteristics, including direct measurements of photosynthetic activity, evaluation of prey resources, and a finer spatial resolution in water level measurements would yield a more biologically realistic model and more precise management recommendations. These data are, however, rarely available and the required sampling effort may not be sustainable for managers over the long-term at a frequency compatible with the rapid environmental changes observed in saltpans (a few days to a few weeks). Our dataset is therefore representative of the actual data available in practice to decide on management options, which are largely tied to a single lever, water levels. The resulting water flow modulates directly salinity and oxygen, which in turn determine prey availability to waterbirds  (Velasquez, 1992; Athearn et al.
Acknowledgements This study was funded by the  Parc National de Port-Cros. This work is dedicated to the numerous LPO volunteers who support bird conservation in Hyères saltpans, with a particular mention for  Stéphanie Scarabotto  and  Paul Simon. We thank  Frédérique Gimond-Lanteri  for institutional support as well as for her participation to the study conception. We are also grateful to  Aurélien Besnard  for his advice on the study framework, and to  Thomas Blanchon  from the  Tour du Valat  for providing useful information on the Camargue. We eventually thank three referees and the subject editor, who provided highly constructive comments on previous drafts of this manuscript. Acknowledgements blinded for double-blind peer review.
, 2015). First, we use a higher-resolution transport model with finer horizontal grid cells (3. 75 • × 1. 9 • compared to 3. 75 • × 2. 5 • ) and more vertical layers (39 layers compared to 19 layers) than  Yin et al. (2015)  used. Second, we assimilate the MOPITT version 7 data as an observation constraint, which is improved with respect to retrieval biases and bias drift compared to the previously used version 6 data  (Deeter et al. , 2017). Third, we use the latest global bottom-up emission inventories as prior, including the Community Emissions Data System (CEDS,  Hoesly et al. , 2018)  for the anthropogenic source and the Global Fire Emissions Database (GFED) 4. 1s for the biomass burning source. The regional studies of  Zheng et al. (2018a, b)  used the same configuration than here, except that they assimilated in situ measurement for CH 4 rather than satellite retrievals.
1 but flat prior surface CO emissions without any inter-annual variability to check whether the derived CO budget is robust to the inter-annual variation of the prior CO fluxes. Inversion results of the optimized CO concentration in the atmosphere are evaluated against independent ground-Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 11, 1411 Data, 11, -1436 Data, 11, , 2019  www. earth-syst-sci-data. net/11/1411/2019/   Wunch et al. , 2011). The WD-CGG provides measurements of surface CO concentrations through in situ and flask sample measurements, and the TC-CON provides retrievals of the column-averaged dry air mole fraction of CO (XCO). We collect observation data from 110 sites in WDCGG (Table  S2 ) and from 32 sites in TCCON (Table  S3 ; station names and references are shown in Appendix Fig. A1 ), which cover the whole globe (Fig.
, 2011; Xu et al. , 2011). The 2015 emissions are estimated close to the maximum since 2000 due to fire anomalies in SEAS and BRA as a consequence of record-breaking drought during the 2015-2016 El Niño event  (Jiménez-Muñoz et al. , 2016; Yin et al. , 2016; Liu et al. , 2017). Besides, the EU and Korea and Japan (KAJ) both present slightly decreasing biomass burning emissions (p < 0. 05), while Canada (CAN) shows a moderate increasing trend of 0. 8±0. 6 Tg CO yr -2 (p < 0. 05), concurrent with the increasing burned area  (Canadian National Fire Database, 2018). All of the other regions have highly variable biomass burning emissions during 2000-2017 without linear trends (p > 0. 1, Table  S10 ). The biomass burning CO emissions derived from all three inversions are on average ∼ 30 % higher than the GFED 4.
Acknowledgements. We acknowledge the  NCAR MOPITT group  for the production of the CO retrievals and the  Goddard Earth Sciences Data and Information Services Center  for the production of the SAO OMI HCHO retrievals. We thank the WDCGG and TC-CON archives for publishing the ground-based CO observations, and we are grateful to all the people involved in maintaining the network and archiving the observation data. We also thank  Francois Marabelle  for computing support at LSCE. The GOSAT XCH 4 retrievals are processed using the  ALICE High Performance Computing Facility at the University of Leicester. Financial support. This work benefited from HPC resources from  GENCI-TGCC  (grant no. 2018-A0050102201 ). Robert J. Parker  is funded via the  UK National Centre for Earth Observation  ( NCEO  grant no.
Organic matter quantity and biochemical composition To assess the quantity and biochemical composition of the organic matter, the top 0. 5 cm of the sediment cores was sliced on board and immediately stored at -20 • C until analysis. As the redox fronts and foraminiferal microhabitats in the sediment are strictly driven by the organic matter supply at the sediment-water interface (e. g. Jorissen et al. , 1995) , only the organic matter data for the upper 0. 5 cm were used to interpret the faunal distribution. In the laboratory, chlorophyll a (Chl a), phaeopigment, lipid (LIP), carbohydrate (CHO) and protein (PRT) contents were determined on three pseudo-replicates (ca. 1 g wet sediment). Chlorophyll a and phaeopigment analyses were carried out according to  Lorenzen and Jeffrey (1980). Briefly, pigments were extracted with 90 % acetone (12 h in the dark at 4 • C).
95, significantly different (Tukey's HSD post hoc test, p < 0. 001) from the deep basin stations which have pH T values less than or equal to 7. 90. When considering the entirety of the profiles, pH strongly decreases in the topmost part of the sediment (0-5 mm) at all stations but with different slopes. The gradients of the two extremes are -0. 2 pH unit per millimetre at station MC3 and -0. 1 pH unit mm -1 at MC7 (see Fig. S1b ). Concerning the organic matter, the results for BPC, PRT, CHO, LIP, and CPE content and algal fraction of BPC (C-CPE / BPC are presented in Fig. 2. The complete dataset is reported as average ± standard deviation (n = 3) in Table S2 of the Supplement. The BPC (Fig. 2a ) varies significantly among the stations (one-way ANOVA, F = 21. 72, p < 0. 001). Stations MC1 and MC7 have values of BPC significantly lower (5.
Acknowledgements. We are grateful to the captain and crew of  R/V L'Atalante , which was chartered by  IFREMER  ( French Research Institute for Exploitation of the Sea );  Frédéric Vivier  (co-chief of the cruise); and all participants who contributed to the success of to the STeP cruise. We particularly thank  Bruno Bombled  for his technical assistance during the cruise. Original SEM micrographs of foraminiferal species (Figs. S2 ,  S4 ,  S5 ) were realised by  Romain Mallet  at  SCIAM (Université d'Angers). We fully acknowledge the efficient technical help provided by  Sophie Quinchard  and  Raphäel Hubert-Huard , and we thank  Benedicte Ferré  for the useful discussions about the oceanography of the study area. We are grateful to  Shungo Kawagata  and one anonymous reviewer for their constructive comments.
This research is part of the PhD thesis of  Eleonora Fossile , which is co-funded by  French National Program MOPGA (Make Our Planet Great Again)  and the  University of Angers. Financial support. The research was funded by the  ABBA (Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Nantes Atlantique), Bi-SMART  ( University of Angers ) and  TANDEM (Région Pays de la Loire ) projects. Review statement. This paper was edited by  Hiroshi Kitazato  and reviewed by  Shungo Kawagata  and one anonymous referee.
Data availability. Raw data are available from the following link: https://doi. org/10. 1594/PANGAEA. 907687 (Fossile et al. , 2019). Supplement. TablesS1 and S2and Figs. S1, S2, and S3 can be found in the Supplement. Scanning electron micrographs (plates) of the most relevant species are shown in Figs. S4 and S5 in the Supplement. The supplement related to this article is available online at: https://doi. org/10. 5194/bg-17-19335194/bg-17- -20205194/bg-17- -supplement. Biogeosciences, 17, 19335194/bg-17- -19535194/bg-17- , 2020     www. biogeosciences. net/17/1933/2020/.
In bilaterian species, the amino acid sequence conservation between Insulin related peptides is relatively low except for the cysteine residues involved in the disulphide bonds. In the A chain, the conserved cystein residues are included in a signature motif. Investigating the variations in this motif would give insight into the phylogenetic history of the family. The table presented in this paper contains a large set of insulin-related peptides in bilateral phylogenetic groups (deuterostomian, ecdysozoan, lophotrochozoan). NCBI databases in silico wide screening combined with bibliographic researches provided a framework for identifying and categorising the structural characteristics of these insulin related peptides. The dataset includes NCBI IDs of each sequence with hyperlinks to FASTA format.
Data The dataset provides a list of hyperlinks to insulin-related peptides NCBI ID originating from various metazoan species (referenced as ). For each sequence, the key motif of the A chain associated to the number and position of disulphide bonds was specified. The structural type, the total number of cysteins, the cleavage of C peptide and the possible additional domains were also indicated. The data is available at https://doi. org/10. 17632/w4gr8zcpk5. 4#file-21c0f6a5-a3e3-4a15-86e0-e5a696458866.
Experimental design, materials, and methods All sequences were identified either using wide screening of NCBI sequence databases or on the basis of bibliographic analysis (for NCBI unreferenced sequences). Clustal Omega (http://www. ebi. ac. uk/Tools/msa/clustalo/) was used to help identify domains, cleavage sites and conserved cysteins. The structural type α, β or γ was determined according to Matsunaga et al. [2]  for Caenorhabditis elegans insulin-related peptides. The C peptide cleavage mode and the presence of additional domains D (uncleaved) or E (cleaved) resulted from this information. The variations in the A chain signature motif characterising the family  [50]  were specified for each sequence.
such collegiate acceptance is more important than ever, given that the number of users of scientific names has increased enormously. Agreement is particularly important when considering the numerous online databases, observation sites, Wikipedia, etc. Several global and local initiatives over the last several decades have begun to compile authoritative lists of taxonomic names to serve the community and build towards a greater stability, including Species 2000 / Catalogue of Life  (Roskov et al. 2018; Roskov et al. 2019) , Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF Secretariat 2019) and Fauna Europaea  (de Jong et al. 2014; Fauna Europaea 2017). Unfortunately, the current (and likely future) funding situation for most of these projects is poor, to say the least, and populating these databases relies heavily on a diminishing number of taxonomists, who rarely receive recognition for their work.
The Fauna Europaea database, which is of special importance as Europe's main zoological taxonomic index, has suffered particularly, being an EU-supported project that was only funded by the European Commission between 2000 and 2004. Subsequently, updating was carried out at the Zoological Museum of Amsterdam  (de Jong et al. 2014) , first under the umbrella of the PESI project  (PESI 2011; de Jong et al. 2015) , then later without funding, until the Amsterdam museum was merged with Naturalis Biodiversity Center in Leiden in 2011. Since then, the Fauna Europaea database has been run by the Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz-Institute for Research on Evolution and Biodiversity, Berlin, Germany. Recently, however, updating has come to a stand-still, very much to the frustration both of taxonomists who wish to update their lists and of users who need an up-to-date and authoritative nomenclature.
Since 2002, but also earlier, almost all major Lepidoptera databases and catalogues have followed this principle of original orthography (summarised in Table  1 ). The managers of Fauna Europaea initially opposed the position  (Sommerer 2002) , but finally adopted it as a general principle for Lepidoptera in the first update and published it as such in the broad description of the project  (de Jong et al. 2014). Apart from the catalogues listed in Table  1 , major modern handbook series, such as "Microlepidoptera of Europe", "Noctuidae Europaeae", "Geometrid Moths of Europe", "The Moths and Butterflies of Great Britain and Ireland", "Moths of Borneo", "Heterocera Sumatrana", "Moths of Thailand" and "Monographs of Australian Lepidoptera", all adhere to the use of original spellings. We could only find some six recent national catalogues and two global catalogues that follow the Code strictly (Table  1 ), in addition to several checklists where a mixture of correct gender agreement and original spelling was applied, a further indication that adhering to this principle is not easy, even for those familiar with the complexities of Latin and Greek grammar.
Certainly, in the current age of diminishing resources for taxonomy (both financial and human), and given the great need for taxonomy at a time of catastrophic biodiversity loss, it is indefensible to spend time on these kinds of disputes instead of Table  1. Survey of recent national, regional and global taxonomic catalogues of Lepidoptera, with indication of whether gender agreement is observed or not. When authors have explained their position on this matter, the page number for this explanation or statement is provided. doing real taxonomy, as it requires delving into ancient Latin and Greek linguistics and grammar that few specialists understand. In contrast, adopting original spellings means they have only to be checked once, which is a relatively easy process nowadays, especially as most databases include original names anyway, and as most old publications have become easily accessible through initiatives such as the Biodiversity Heritage Library  (2005) (2006) (2007) (2008) (2009) (2010) (2011) (2012) (2013) (2014) (2015) (2016) (2017) (2018) (2019).
Results Genetic diversity and temporal genetic structure. The sequence of 474 base pairs of the mtDNA control region was determined in 332 juvenile green turtles (30. 0-75. 0 cm maximum straight carapace length (SCL); mean ± SD = 50. 66 ± 9. 71 cm) sampled in Lac Bay between 2006 and 2016 (Tables  S1-S2 ). Re-sequencing revealed one discrepant mtDNA sequence, corresponding to a sequencing consistency rate at >99%. Nineteen mtDNA haplotypes were detected among the 332 mtDNA sequences (Tables  S1-S2 ), including a previously unreported mtDNA haplotype (GenBank accession number: MN481527; Fig. S1 ) designated 'CM-A76' in accordance with the commonly employed Atlantic green turtle mtDNA haplotype nomenclature, e. g. 26. Adding 41 recaptured individuals increased the final sample size to 373 mtDNA control region sequences.
The PCR conditions consisted of 25 cycles each with 10 seconds at 96 °C, 5 seconds at 50 °C and 4 minutes at 72 °C. Excess nucleotides and primers were removed by ethanol/EDTA precipitation. The cycle-sequencing products were re-suspended overnight in deionized formamide and the order of cycle-sequencing products was resolved by capillary electrophoresis on an Applied Biosystems 3730xl DNA Analyzer ™ (Life Technologies Inc. ) at the University of Groningen. MtDNA control region consensus sequences were assembled from one or more DNA sequences per DNA extraction using a custom software pipeline (Palsbøll, unpublished). Individual mtDNA sequences from each sample were assembled, the consensus sequence estimated from the Phred quality scores and subsequently aligned to a mtDNA control region green turtle reference sequence (GenBank accession number: JN632497.
1) and truncated to 474 bp using MIRA ver. 4. 9. 5. 2  60. Assembled sequences were aligned with MUSCLE ver. 3. 8. 31 61 in SEQOTRON ver. 1. 0. 1 62 using the default parameter settings. Aligned sequences were visually inspected and manually corrected. A total of 96 randomly chosen DNA extractions were re-sequenced to assess sequencing consistency rates. The data generated in the present study were combined with mtDNA sequence haplotype frequency data from juvenile green turtles (SCL < 75. 0 cm) sampled in Lac Bay during 2006 and 2007  63   MtDNA haplotype diversity  64  and nucleotide diversity  64  and genetic divergence (φ ST  65  ) between 2006-2007 and 2015-2016 and among years was estimated using ARLEQUIN ver. 3. 5. 2. 2  66. The statistical significance of φ ST was estimated from 10,000 random permutations of the data.
Acknowledgements We would like to thank all the volunteers of  Sea Turtle Conservation Bonaire (STCB)  for collecting data, in particular Hans and  Jannie de Koning  and  Gielmon 'Funchi' Elbregts. This study was carried out as part of the project ' Ecology and conservation of green and hawksbill turtles in the Dutch Caribbean ' funded by the  Netherlands Organization of Scientific Research  ( NWO-ALW 858. 14. 090 ). MN were supported through  Sea Turtle Conservation Bonaire  by funding of  World Wildlife Fund Netherlands, Dutch Ministry of Economic Affairs, Dierenlot Foundation , and private donations to STCB. LEB was supported by  NWO-ALW  ( 863. 14. 020 ) and the  Dutch Ministry of Economic Affairs BO -project: ( BO-11-019. 02-046 ).