dataesr/scientific-paragraphs-categorization huggingface dataset:
Acknowledgments Medical writing support was provided by  Samantha Keller, PhD , of  ArticulateScience LLC , and funded by  AstraZeneca  in accordance with Good Publication Practice (GPP3) guidelines (http://www. ismpp. org/gpp3). The manuscript was reviewed for medical accuracy by  AstraZeneca  and  Daiichi Sankyo ; however, the authors retained full control of the content and made the final decisions for all aspects of this article. Bob T. Li  was supported by the  Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center Support  Grant  P30 CA008748  and Research Project Grant  1R01CA249666-01A1  from the  National Institutes of Health.
6), f and nausea (6. 6) g Thrombocytopenia (24. 9), e AST increased (5. 0), and ALT increased (4. 6) g 27 (10. 5) 5 (1. 9) 25 (9. 7) 5 (1. 9) 2 (0. 8) 0 0 0 0 0 DESTINY-Gastric01 (NCT03329690) [8] T-DXd arm 125 HER2-positive locally advanced or metastatic gastric/GEJ cancer 43 (34-52) Decreased neutrophil count (51. 2), anemia (37. 6), h and decreased white cell count (20. 8) 12 (9. 6) 9 (7. 2) 2 (1. 6) 1 (0. 8) 0 Chemotherapy arm 62 HER2-positive locally advanced or metastatic gastric/GEJ cancer 12 (5-24) Decreased neutrophil count (24. 2), anemia (22. 6), h and decreased appetite (12. 9) 0 0 0 0 0 DESTINY-Gastric02 (NCT04014075) [9] DESTINY-Lung01 (NCT03505710) [6,93] 79 91 HER2-positive unresectable or metastatic gastric/GEJ cancer HER2-mutant unresectable or metastatic NSCLC 38 (27. 3-49.
Data for Global Oil Transport Network The trade relationship between ports is mainly realized by oil vessels. In order to infer a global oil transport network, vessel trajectories generated from AIS data from 2009 to 2016, and that capture vessel movements between ports, were considered  [38] [39] [40]. AIS data and port attributes were collected from HiFleet Co. , Ltd. (http://www. hifleet. com/) (accessed on 1 January 2009), an authoritative maritime data provider in Shanghai, China. AIS messages are automatically broadcasted with a reporting frequency, and the AIS data included both static information (name, type, length, and breadth, etc. , of vessel) and dynamic information (real-time position, speed, course, heading, loading status, destination port, etc. )  [41]. Table  1  provides some attributes closely related to calculation of arrival and departure records of vessels, including the Maritime Mobile Service Identity (MMSI) number (an identification number unique to each vessel)  [42]  and real-time positional information (port attribute data mainly include port name and location).
AIS data and port attribute data support derivation of arrival and departure times of oil vessels at all calling ports and then generation of a reference dataset that comprises the journeys of all oil vessels during that period. ••• ••• ••• ••• In this study, a weighted directed graph G N y , E y , W y is used to represent the annual global oil transportation network in this time period, with N y being the set of all nodes in G representing ports involved in oil trade in year y (2009,. , 2016); E denotes the set of all edges linking pairs of port nodes in N y ; and W y represents the weights for all trade routes, expressed by the total freight trade volume on each route in year y. Since the actual freight volume of each voyage cannot be accurately calculated, we retain the deadweight of each vessel to represent the vessel's transport capacity.
A stochastic input encoding scheme (CODEX) is presented that aims to relax the digital-to-analog converter (ADC) design requirements in memristor crossbar systems. CODEX reduces the ADC input range by encoding the input bits using Bernoulli statistics so that the bit-line current distribution becomes a narrow Gaussian. By reducing ADC input range, CODEX can be used to reduce ADC power and area or increase ADC resolution for faster in-situ training. Besides input data encoding, CODEX includes probability thresholding for sparse input data as well as a random re-sampling method for dealing with ADC overflow. CODEX is evaluated on CIFAR-10 dataset image classification and reconstruction, sentiment classification, and audio classification. The results show an averaged 68. 5% reduction in ADC power and 35.
On the other hand, fully randomizing U results in EX(p ij ) = 0. 5 regardless of input data distribution which can result in a significant increase in bit-line current. To address this issue, we propose a probability threshold illustrated in Fig. 2(d)  where if p ij is less than the threshold th, then u ij = 0. This probability threshold prevents low p ij from being randomly flipped into high p ij , thus, preventing any significant increase in average bit-line current. In addition, U remains random above th, keeping the output current distribution roughly normal. The main overhead in implementing this concept would be calculating p ij which can be reasonably estimated with a small (<1%) random sample of the dataset. Assuming a normal output current distribution, there is a 4. 55% chance that the output current falls outside 2σ of the mean and a 0.
We can observe that CODEX reaches an acceptable accuracy of 90% after 96000 training images which is 30. 2% faster than the baseline model. CODEX has two main parameters that need to be tuned before being applied to a crossbar system. First, we must consider the probability threshold when dealing with sparse input bits. Fig. 3 (d) highlights the probability threshold's effect on the output current distribution for the previously described 2-layer neural network on the MNIST dataset. Increasing the probability threshold decreases the average output current as intended with the most significant decrease occurring from th = 0 to th = 0. 1 where the average current decreases by 0. 63 mA. The second parameter to consider is how narrow should the ADC input range be set to. Fig. 3 (e) analyzes the trade-off between decreasing ADC input range and the induced time overhead due to dealing with ADC overflow.
B. Results In this paper, all simulations are performed using our extended 1T1R memristor crossbar simulation model  [18]  that includes the following memristor non-idealities: limited memristor programming precision, high and low conductance state noise for device-to-device variation, stuck-on and stuckoff memristors, and line resistances. To evaluate CODEX performance on existing crossbar systems, we apply it to the state-of-the-art ISAAC  [19]  and PUMA  [20]  accelerators. While our test results consider ISAAC and PUMA as baseline architectures, CODEX can be applied to enhance any general memristor crossbar system. CODEX is tested on three datasets across four different applications: CIFAR-10  [21]  for image classification and reconstruction, sentiment classification dataset  [22] , and Freesound dataset for audio classification  [23].
The second sub-module -Agro-economic-compiles for a crop dataset the production costs and the potential revenues, allowing to estimate the potential benefits of irrigation development when combined with the land module. 3. The Water module aims to characterize the water availability within the four major basins of Kosovo and their sub-basins. It is based on a rainfall-runoff (RR) model that has been calibrated with the available flow and rainfall data. The water demand has been calculated for each sub-basin detailing the demand for the a) Municipalities and Industries, b) Irrigated Agriculture, and c) the minimum environmental flow calculated from the results of the RR Model. The water module then allows to compute on a decade level a water balance analysis in conjunction with the results of the other modules.
Water demand The water demand has been computed on a decade basis both for the average and dry years and for the present and future situation considering the climate change. The water demand considers three sectors: Irrigated agriculture, Municipalities and Industry and Minimum environmental flow. For the agricultural water demand, representative cropping patterns, considering access to water, were built for each of the six agro-ecological zones. A total gross area of nearly 280 000 Ha has been defined as a potential for irrigation development. Part of this area could be developed and irrigated for which the total annual water demand would range from 540 MCM in an average year to 675 MCM in a dry year. The water demand for the municipalities was calculated based on the consumption data communicated by the Water Services Regulatory Authorities for 2018.
Present and planned storage capacities The list of the existing and planned reservoirs for Kosovo with indication of their locations and physical characteristics was collected from the MEE. When developing the hydrologic models, these points were inserted to allow an extraction and a calculation of the storage potential at these points. The storage capacities were calculated for each reservoir. Note that some water transfer may exist for some of these reservoirs but no data were made Kosovo has not yet developed a water Master plan that defines the water allocation for irrigation out of the existing resources and in particular for each reservoir. A value of 10% of dead storage was considered. For the live storage, a ratio of 80% of the calculated volume was considered to be available for irrigation development.
Data collection Semi-directive one-to-one interviews were conducted, and the research physicians (SL or JL) also recorded direct open observations. Observations of the participant's home and environment were carried out before, during, and after the interview. The observation was nonparticipative, indirect, undisguised and unstructured. The results of observations allowed to contextualize the data collected from speech. All participants signed a written consent form before audio recording began. The transcriptions from audio recording to text support were anonymized. An evolving two-part interview guide was used: 1) situation of the participant (age, life situation, living environment, illnesses), exploration of his/her life course; 2) perception of their aging trajectories and expectations regarding the support required for better aging.
Tralokinumab improved signs and symptoms of AD across racial subgroups at Week 16 • Across three pooled trials at Week 16, tralokinumab significantly improved efficacy outcomes in the Asian and White subgroups relative to placebo. Similar results were found in the smaller Black subgroup, although statistical significance was not reached for all endpoints vs placebo (Figures  2 3 ) • Lower efficacy was observed for the Black subgroup relative to Asian and White subgroups when the monotherapy trials were pooled, driven by higher placebo response rates. In contrast, higher efficacy was observed for the Black subgroup relative to Asian and White subgroups in the TCS combination trial • Although AD is highly prevalent in patients with skin of color, data on the efficacy and safety of AD therapies in these patients is limited since most clinical trials enroll predominately White patients  1  o Several standard measures, including EASI, can underestimate AD severity in dark skin 1 • Tralokinumab, a specific, high-affinity interleukin-13 inhibitor, is approved in Europe, Canada, and the United States for the treatment of adults with moderate-to-severe AD • ECZTRA 1 (NCT03131648), ECZTRA 2 (NCT03160885), and ECZTRA 3 (NCT03363854) were randomized phase 3 trials assessing the safety and efficacy of tralokinumab or tralokinumab + TCS, as needed.
While the results from these studies may be relevant for facial acne, half of these patients also have truncal acne (i. e. combined facial and truncal acne; CA)  [14, 15]. Most existing HRQOL instruments have not been validated for acne on areas other than the face and may, therefore, not truly encompass the impact of truncal acne. Here, we present results from a mixed methods approach aimed at describing the key aspects of the experience, perception and attitude of patients living with CA. An explanatory sequential design was used where, first, qualitative exploratory data were collected and the findings were used to develop a quantitative survey adapted to the sample under study. Recently developed patient's self-completion instruments that specifically address CA evaluation were also incorporated into the cross-sectional survey.
All adult subjects provided informed consent prior to participation. Legal guardians gave consent for individuals who were younger than 18 years. Assent from paediatric participants was also obtained. The study received a favourable opinion by the Kantar Internal IRB/ Ethics Committee and was performed in accordance with the Helsinki Declaration of 1964 and its later amendments. Study design, data collection, data management and analyses were conducted by Kantar Health (France). Participants for the qualitative and quantitative studies were between 13 and 40 years who received a diagnosis of acne by a physician and were currently being followed by a healthcare professional (HCP) and receiving prescription treatment for acne. Acne diagnosis was self-reported, and the severity was assessed using a self-rated six-category pictorial global acne grading system based on the Investigator Global Assessment (IGA) for the face, which was modified to include the trunk (chest, back, shoulders)  [16].
Qualitative Survey Procedures Data collection: Thirty participants with CA were recruited by phone following a purposeful sampling strategy in 2019 for a 60-min telephonic semi-structured interview conducted by qualitative researchers as previously described and focussing on the psychological burden of CA and impact on the QoL as previously described  [17]. Data analysis and interpretation: Qualitative data were descriptively analysed using audio records and a content-analysis grid. Data were organised by themes in a content analysis format. Analyses aimed at identifying emerging themes related to the overall QoL were based on the grounded theory method. Data were coded in terms of basic psycho-social processes, on the basis of how participants acted in response to different contexts. The first level of analysis was done locally by the local qualitative analyst, based on a content-analysis template to ensure homogeneity of the summarised findings.
Quantitative Survey Procedures Data collection: A cross-sectional, quantitative survey of an online respondent panel (i. e. Kantar LightSpeed GMI, Dynata, Toluna, M3, Lucid, BA) was conducted in 2019-2020 that included 694 participants with CA. The survey was developed following insights from the qualitative study (i. e. exploratory sequential design)  [19]. Face and content validity of the survey was established by clinical experts (J. T. and B. D. ). Photographs with examples of acne (e. g. comedones, papules, pustules and nodules) were provided to assist with self-recognition. The following validated HRQOL scales were administered: the dermatology life quality index (DLQI) (for participants C 16 years), children's DLQI (CDLQI) (\ 16 years)  [20]  and the Comprehensive Acne Quality of Life (CompAQ) (all ages)  [21]  referenced to the preceding week according to developer instructions.
CONCLUSIONS CA is associated with considerable psychological morbidity, with several exacerbating (e. g. perceived stigma) and attenuating factors (e. g. acne being perceived as being under control) that should be accounted for in CA management. Uncontrolled facial and/or truncal acne negatively impacted the emotional wellbeing and daily life activities of afflicted individuals. with the Helsinki Declaration of 1964 and its later amendments. Local specialised qualitative researchers conducted the in-depth interviews, and the authors thank the study participants for their participation in this study. Data availability. The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request. Open Access. This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.
Accurate quantification of evapotranspiration (ET) at the watershed scale remains an important research challenge for managing water resources in arid and semiarid areas. In this study, daily latent heat flux (LE) maps at the kilometer scale were derived from the two-source energy budget (TSEB) model fed by the MODIS leaf area index (LAI), land surface temperature (LST) products, and meteorological data from ERA-Interim reanalysis from 2001 to 2015 on the Tensift catchment (center of Morocco). As a preliminary step, both ERA-Interim and predicted LE at the time of the satellite overpass are evaluated in comparison to a large database of in situ meteorological measurements and eddy covariance (EC) observations, respectively. ERA-Interim compared reasonably well to in situ measurements, but a positive bias on air temperature was highlighted because meteorological stations used for the evaluation were mainly installed on irrigated fields while the grid point of ERA-Interim is representative of larger areas including bare (and hot) soil.
Likewise, the predicted LE was in good agreement with the EC measurements gathered on the main crops of the region during 15 agricultural seasons with a correlation coefficient r = 0. 70 and a reasonable bias of 30 W/m 2. After extrapolating the instantaneous LE estimates to ET daily values, monthly ET was then assessed in comparison to monthly irrigation water amounts provided by the local agricultural office added to CRU precipitation dataset with a reasonable agreement; the relative error was more than 89% but the correlation coefficient r reached 0. 80. Seasonal and interannual evapotranspiration was analyzed in relation to local climate and land use. Lastly, the potential use for improving the early prediction of grain yield, as well as detecting newly irrigated areas for arboriculture, is also discussed.
They are also freely available from two sensors (Terra and Aqua), thus enhancing temporal resolution. Likewise, meteorological forcings are currently available at the global scale with a good accuracy thanks to the ongoing progress of reanalysis systems. Among them, ERA-Interim  [49]  reanalysis, a single 32 year global land surface reanalysis dataset covering the period 1979-2010, has proven to be a good candidate for climate monitoring in various part of the world. Jones et al. [50]  showed excellent agreement for global-and continental-scale trends in surface air temperatures over land with conventional stationbased datasets. Simmons et al. [51]  demonstrated the quality of ERA-Interim near-surface fields by comparing with observation-only climatic data records. The incoming solar radiation provided by the ERA-Interim reanalysis with ground-based measurements was evaluated over France by Szczypta  [52].
They showed a slight positive bias, with a modest impact on land surface simulations. These studies demonstrate that reanalyses have the specific advantage of being spatially and temporally complete through the process of physical/dynamic representation of the climate system, which provides internally consistent fields across most surface atmospheric variables, as well as in the atmospheric column up to the stratosphere  [53]. The main objective of this work is to present a regional mapping evapotranspiration system based on forcing data available at the global scale and freely distributed (MODIS products and the ERA-Interim reanalysis data). This system is evaluated over the 2001-2015 period thanks to the longtime meteorological and micrometeorological network of the Tensift Observatory  [54, 55].
Please note that R3 stations are not installed on the same fields and crops (see Table  1 ); however, for ease of visualization, only one point is reported on the map. Table  1. List, location, and acquisition period of the Tensift observatory eddy covariance tower and meteorological stations used in this study for evaluating the predicted energy budget components and for the evaluation of ERA-Interim analysis dataset. * Please note that each equipment and each variable are found at each site. However, for ease, they are reported only once in the table.
Fields Measurements The measured data fluxes and meteorological datasets used in this study were provided by the Tensift Observatory composed of a network of meteorological, micrometeorological, and hydrological stations covering the Tensift watershed since 2002. Concerning micrometeorological measurements, most of the eddy covariance stations are located in irrigated areas (named Agafay, Agdal, R3, and Saada; Figure  1 ), and the instruments (Table  1 ) are compliant with the FLUXNET standards  [65]. They are equipped with commercially available instrumentation: (1) a Krypton hygrometer (model KH2O-Campbell Scientific Inc. , Logan, UT, USA) measuring the water vapor sampled at a rate of 20 Hz, and a 3D sonic anemometer (CSAT3, Campbell Scientific Ltd. ) measuring the wind speed at high frequency; both data are used to derive the sensible H and latent LE heat fluxes (W/m 2 ) with a half hourly time; (2) air temperature (K) and relative humidity (%) are measured using an HMP45C, Vaisala, Finland; (3) incoming and outgoing solar radiation in the shortand longwave domain is measured using a CNR1 (Kipp & Zonen, Delft, The Netherlands).
Details related to the processing, including the quality compared to lysimeter and sap-flow measurement, were given by Diarra et al. [18] , Duchemin et al. [66] ,  Elfarkh et al. [47] , Ezzahar et al. [67] , and Simonneaux et al. [68]. To maintain the integrity of the observations, no gap-filling was performed for these data. Concerning meteorological observations, the network (Table  1 ) is equipped with standard Campbell Scientific measurement sensors for the measurement of hourly rainfall, global radiation, temperature, relative humidity, and wind speed. The daily latent heat flux observations are computed daily with no missing data by aggregating the 48 half-hourly observations.
MODIS Data Collection 6 products of Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) onboard the Terra satellite were used to feed the TSEB model. NDVI is provided by MOD13Q1 product, with 250 m/16 days spatiotemporal resolution. Albedo is provided by MCD43A3 product, with 500 m/8 days spatiotemporal resolution. LST from the Terra sensors (MOD11A1 product) is provided at daily and 1 km spatiotemporal resolution at the time over the satellite overpass. Albedos and vegetation indices are interpolated at the daily timestep. The leaf area index (LAI), height of the vegetation, and the fractional vegetation cover (FVC) were obtained from the NDVI thanks to empirical relations. FVC was computed on the basis of the methodology proposed by Gutman and Ignatov  [69]  and further improved by Zeng et al.
ERA-Interim Dataset The meteorological variables for the resolution of the surface energy budget are the temperature and the humidity of the air at 2 m, the wind speed, and the incoming radiation in the short-and longwave  [33]. In this study, the meteorological variables (air temperature, incoming radiation in the shortwave domain, air humidity, and wind speed) came from ERA-Interim reanalysis  [49]  for the period of availability of MODIS products  (2001) (2002) (2003) (2004) (2005) (2006) (2007) (2008) (2009) (2010) (2011) (2012) (2013) (2014) (2015). The spatial resolution of the dataset is approximately 80 km with a 3 h temporal resolution, and the last version of the ERA-Interim dataset published by the European agency website was used (e. g. , Beck et al. [71] ). The air temperature at 2 m and wind speed are key input variables for TSEB (see, among others, the sensitivity study of Bigeard et al.