dataesr/scientific-paragraphs-categorization huggingface dataset:
The resulting scoring functions could be used as knowledge-based terms, combined with physics-based terms, into a composite energy function, such as that developed for the Rosetta modeling software  [58]. The weight of all terms would be optimized to fit experimental structural and thermodynamic data. Alternatively, the elementary scores could be included in non-linear statistical models, thanks to machine learning and deep learning techniques, as it can yield highly accurate quality assessment programs  [53, 59, 60]. The development of a distance-dependent scoring function relies on several parameters, such as the distance bin width, the minimum and maximum distance thresholds, and the minimum number of sequence positions separating the residues of the two interacting atoms. Behind the setting of these values lies the question of how to treat long-range interactions and local contacts.
Here, we considered distances ranging from 0 to 15 Å in order to be comparable with DOPE, but authors use a 4-8 Å range, following the aforementioned PCNs approach  [55]. Attempts to determine optimal values for these parameters have been made  [61]. However, the training dataset and, more importantly, the benchmark then used were too small to draw any permanent conclusion. Such a study could be redone with the computational tool used for developing the TIG score, as it allows to create a custom scoring function, while setting the different thresholds with user-selected values. Interestingly, the results obtained with GOAP show that a method based only on interatomic distances, orientation, and molecular volume can achieve high accuracy-especially for near-native decoys. This would indicate that a limited number of parameters are sufficient to model the process of protein folding and stability.
And few lines later, confirming that this is the book, one can read: [. ] when suddenly a White Rabbit with pink eyes ran close by her. There was nothing so VERY remarkable in that; nor did Alice think it so VERY much out of the way to hear the Rabbit say to itself, 'Oh dear! Oh dear! I shall be late!' Other data sets correspond to other books (for instance Metamorphosis, by Franz Kafka or The Prince, by Nicolo Machiavelli). This high bias in the messages implies that we have some collisions on the plaintext values. In the file provided for 12 rounds of SKINNY-64-128 we counted 925615 different pairs (2 19. 82 , so 2 16. 90 collisions) out of the 2 20 provided. The plaintext that appears the most corresponds to. " " (dot (0x2e), closed quote (0xe2809d), space (0x20), open quote (0xe2809c)) with 289 occurrences.
Mining Truncated Differentials in the Provided Datasets Any human-readable text has a low entropy and so does the book whose encryption was provided in the SKINNY 2018-2019 cryptanalysis competition. This fact can be exploited by a cryptanalyst, who can devise attacks that would be ineffective in the classic known-plaintext scenario with uniformly distributed plaintexts. In this section, we show that many pairs or even quadruples of plaintext blocks can be found in the provided datasets for which particular (differential) zero-sum properties hold with probability 1 after 6 rounds of SKINNY-64-128 and 7 rounds of SKINNY-128-128. We restrict our search to truncated differentials holding with probability 1. Such distinguishers require only a few message pairs fitting them to provide a strong filtering procedure for the key recovery.
Search Strategy Our general search strategy is as follows. Instead of enumerating all possible truncated differentials in the structure, we search precisely for those differentials that fit the given set of plaintexts for any possible key. In order to find them, we encrypt the plaintexts under several randomly chosen keys and search for differential properties in the obtained ciphertexts. This empirical approach allows tailoring the search to the given dataset. Let P denote the set of provided plaintexts. We fix a SKINNY instance, a number of rounds r in the target distinguisher, and a maximum number m (1 ≤ m ≤ 15) of active cells after the first round. First, we compute all subsets of plaintexts such that all plaintexts inside any such subset take the same value in at least 16m cells, i. e.
Truncated Distinguishers of SKINNY Instances We applied this search strategy for the challenge datasets of 12-round SKINNY-64-128 and 10-round SKINNY-128-128 with at most m = 3 active bytes after the first round. The results are summarized in Table  3. For 12-round SKINNY-64-128, we found distinguishers for up to 7 rounds and only of the first type. For example, there are 57 pairs of plaintexts in the dataset for which ∆c 0 = ∆c 12 after 7 rounds. An example of such plaintext pair (p, p ) is given by p = a pouch, , p = a pause,. We use this distinguisher to attack 12-round SKINNY-64-128 and recover the secret key. The process is described in Section 5. For the 10-round SKINNY-128-128, we found distinguishers for up to 6 rounds among which both distinguisher types are present. For example, there are 9 Table  3.
Details on the Practical Execution of the Attack The program was written in C++ and it was executed on 64 cores clocked at 2,10 Ghz on an Intel Xeon CPU E5-2695. The result of Algorithm 1 was returned after less than 2 days (a total of 114 CPU days). As said previously 256 GB of memory were required. Implementation choices. The time complexity of the attack being around 2 52 simple operations we needed to optimize the implementation. We made two main choices: Algorithm 1: Improved recovery of tk 11 Input: 2 5 pairs of messages following the truncated differential path Output: Last round tweakey tk11. for tk11  [7] ← 0 to f do for tk10[6] ← 0 to f do for tk11[3] ← 0 to f do for tk9[2] ← 0 to f do Initialise a table V2 for all possible values of tk11[0], tk11  [5] , tk10  [1] , tk10  [4] , tk11  [6] , tk9  [7]  and tk8  [3]  do compute the difference in X7[12] for the first 2 4 pairs and store it in V2 end Initialise a table V1 for all possible values of tk11  [4] , tk10[0], tk10  [7] , tk11  [2] , tk11  [1] , tk9  [5]  and tk8  [4]  do compute the difference in X7[0] for the first 2 4 pairs and store it in V1 end Sort V1 and V2 Merge V1 and V2 on the 2 4 values of X7[12] and X7[0] if the intersection is not empty then repeat the algorithm for 2 5 pairs (the same 2 4 plus 2 4 new), passing the matching value as parameter only one guess of tk11 survives, return this one else the guess for tk11  [7] , tk10  [6] , tk11  [3]  and tk9  [2]  is incorrect end end end end end 1.
Patrick Derbez  was supported by the  French Agence Nationale de la Recherche  through the  CryptAudit  project under Contract  ANR-17-CE39-0003. This work was initiated while  Virginie Lallemand  was with the  Horst Görtz Institute for IT Security at the Ruhr-Universität Bochum. The work of  Aleksei Udovenko  was partially supported by the  Fonds National de la Recherche, Luxembourg  (project reference  9037104 ).
Statistical Analyses Distribution normality was assessed using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. Continuous variables were described as mean 6 SD or median and interquartile range and were compared using the Student t test or Mann-Whitney U test. Categoric variables were presented as counts and compared using the x 2 or Fisher exact test. Relative risks and their 95% confidence intervals were calculated. Interaction analyses were performed using the Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel test. Analyses were performed using STATA software (Realease 15. 0; StataCorp).
Our data reveal four individual glide planes within the ERIS complex which were most likely generated by retrogressive failures. The basal surfaces of the ERIS coincide with high-amplitude seismic reflectors similar to those previously interpreted as the expression of condensed sections on the upper slope. The turbiditic sequences sandwiched between the condensed sections likely control the localisation of potential weak layers favouring the failures. AMS radiocarbon dating yields an age of approximately 21 ka cal BP for the failures, which falls within the peak of the Last Glacial Maximum. The toe area of the ERIS is incised by several active listric faults rooted in the Messinian strata, which control the location of the slide scarps. The combination of several factors such as slope steepening, halokinesis, and excess pore pressure generation due to rapid turbiditic sedimentation during the Last Glacial Maximum are considered as the possible candidates for the triggering of the failures in the investigated slope.
The detailed mapping of the ERISC is complementary to the submarine landslide archive that currently exists for the Mediterranean region (e. g. Urgeles and Camerlenghi, 2013). Even if the collection of landslide parameters is not always conducive to fully understand the triggering mechanisms of seafloor instabilities (e. g. ,  Hühnerbach and Masson, 2004) ,  Clare et al. (2018)  suggest that the widening of landslide database is a key to improve knowledge and an important contribution to tackle outstanding scientific questions on hazard mitigation, especially if the measured parameters are consistently acquired.
Material and methods Multi-beam bathymetric data were collected in the GoL since 1997 during several oceanographic campaigns listed in Table  1. In this study, we used two bathymetric datasets: an EMODNET 115 m resolution grid (Fig. 1 ; www. emodnet-bathymetry. eu, 2018) and  Le Suroit EM300  (Berné and Dennielou, 2008)  recent 25-100 m resolution bathymetric grids (Figs. 2 a and 3 a, b) that were acquired using hull-mounted multibeam systems during the oceanographic campaigns listed in Table  1. The high-resolution bathymetric data were merged and gridded at a final grid size of 25 m using ArcMap 10. 3 (www. arcgis. com). High-resolution (HR) multi-channel seismic (MCS) reflection data used in this study were acquired using generator-injector (GI) source, analogue 24 channels streamer and 6.
25 m trace spacing during PROGRES cruise  (Droz, 2003)  and a mini-GI source and digital 72 channels streamer with 6. 25 m trace spacing during AM-  MED-1 cruise  (Rabineau et al. , 2013). The processing sequence for the 2D HR MCS data includes quality control, filtering, binning, band-pass filtering, constant seawater velocity (1500 ms -1 ) normal move out, stacking, and seawater velocity post-stack time migration. Seismic data from cruises PROGRES and AM-MED-1 were processed using Ifremer in-house softwares SISPEED and Solid-QC, respectively. Sub-bottom profiles (SBP) were collected during several French oceanographic campaigns and checked for quality control with Ifremer software QC SUBOP (Table  1 ). A typical problem when imaging submarine landslides is the presence of diffraction hyperbolae generated at the edges of landslide scarps and steep slopes (see for example  mic profiles collected during AM-MED-1 cruise show low frequency and low amplitude artefacts 40 ms below the seafloor, particularly in the areas of transparent reflections (Fig.
Hence, these samples provide a minimum age for failure. Nine radiocarbon dates were determined by accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS). Dates were obtained from handpicked monospecific planktonic foraminifera (Globigerina bulloides) extracted from the hemipelagic sediments and were analyzed at the Beta Analytics, London, UK. Conventional 14 C years BP were converted into calibrated calendar ages with CALIB V7. 1  (Stuiver et al. , 2017)  using the marine calibration curve Marine13 curve  (Reimer et al. , 2013)  with a reservoir correction ( R) value of 48 ± 101 years and reported in this study with 2 errors (Table  2 ). We used the same calibration procedure presented in  (Dennielou et al. , 2019)  to allow for an easy comparison. All datasets were finally integrated and imported to the IHS Kingdom Software ® for further joint interpretation.
DSMTD deposits are mapped at least 100 km from the source area. The internal architecture of the DSMTD shows chaotic facies in the seismic data (Figs. 4  and 5a ). In places, notably in the proximal area, the top boundary of the DSMTD is irregular showing ridge and troughs, appearing like mounds in the seismic profiles, which we interpret as coherent slide blocks and rafted blocks (Figs. 4  and 5 ). The basal surface of DSMTD is marked by a package of well-stratified sediments lying on the high-amplitude reflections of the paleo-canyon of the Petit Rhone fan  (Torres et al. , 1995). The contact of DSMTD with the underlying strata is uneven at places, eroding the underlying strata (Figs. 4  and 5a ). The western part of the DSMTD is dominated by kilometre-scale rotated blocks identified by steeply dipping reflections (Fig.
Emplacement, kinematics and timing of failures in the Eastern Rhone Interfluve Multiple headwall scarps HS1-HS4 in the ERIS complex suggest multiple failures in the source area. The presence of the REMTD facies within the uppermost headwalls in the seismic data (Figs. 4  and 5a ) and the presence of several flat-lying glide planes suggest a retrogressive translational propagation of the failure, meaning that the failure started at the toe of the ERIS and propagated stepwise towards the shelf along the high-amplitude reflectors. Our results are consistent with previously published evi-dence that the overall flow direction of REMTD was towards the southeast due to the inherited topography of the Rhone Fan  (Droz et al. , 2006) ; however, the better resolution of the newly-available data allows us to reconstruct more finely the slide flow based on small-scale morphological features resulting from the failure (Fig.
The combination of a diversified geophysical dataset provides insights into the slope failure processes that can be summarised in the following points. • The overall morphology of the ERIS is dominated by staircase geometry indicative of a retrogressive failure on multiple glide planes, extending from a water depth of 500 m-2000 m. • Preconditioning of the ERIS by localization of weak layers may have been favoured by rapidly accumulated turbiditic sequences sandwiched between reversed polarity strong reflectors interpreted as condensed sections, which were most likely deposited during the sea-level highstands. • The location of landslide scars seems to be associated with the presence of listric faults rooted in the Messinian evaporite layer acting as a décollement surface, driven by the gravitational gliding of post-Messinian strata.
Acknowledgement We thank the captains, crew and science parties of the PRISME-2 and PRISME-3 campaigns onboard  R/V L'Atalante  and  R/V Pourquoi  pas?, respectively for their support during the campaigns. The PhD of  Shray Badhani  is funded by the  European Union 's  Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme  under the  Marie-Skłodowska-Curie grant  via project  ITN-SLATE  (grant agreement No  721403 ). Sylvain Bermel ,  Mathilde Pitel Roudot  and  Arnaud Gaillot  are thanked for their help on GIS data processing. This study has been greatly benefitted from several fruitful discussions with  Shane Murphy ,  Jacques Déverchère  and  Elodie Lebas. We also thank  Tiago M. Alves  and an anonymous reviewer for their comments that significantly improved our manuscript.
Ethics and dissemination The local ethics committee, the national committee for use of personal data in medical research and the national data protection agency approved the study. The sponsor has no role in study design; collection, analysis and interpretation of data; or report writing. Discussion This pharmacist-led educational programme has the potential to significantly improve adherence to medication in stroke survivors which could lead to a decrease in recurrent cerebral and/or cardiovascular events. Trial registration number NCT02611440 Clinique et de l'Innovation, DRCI, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France) for help in manuscript preparation.
Protocol for cluster and period. The mean scores of each questionnaire will be compared between the two groups at 1 year. For the SF36 and Brief IPQR questionnaires, the difference between the mean scores at baseline and at 1 year will also be calculated and compared between the two groups. We will analyse the Brief IPQR mean score at baseline to compare adherent and nonadherent patients. The mean number of side effects and readmissions will be compared between the two groups, and we will also compare mean values of collected laboratory data (fasting glucose, glycated haemoglobin, triglycerides, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and total cholesterol levels) at 1 year. For each test a two-sided p value of <0. 05 will be considered significant.
ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Ethics approval and informed consent The local ethics committee (Comité de protection des personnes Sud Est II) approved the study for all centres (online supplemental file). The national committee for use of personal data in medical research (Comité Consultatif sur le Traitement de l'Information en matière de Recherche dans le domaine de la Santé, CCTIRS) and the national data protection agency (Commission nationale de l'informatique et des libertés, CNIL) approved the study. Prior written informed consent of recruited patients will be obtained. This trial was registered with ClinicalTrials. gov (number NCT02611440).
Data management Only those involved and identified in the research will have access to the data entry software EOL via Medsharing. The data entry in the electronic case report form (e-CRF) will be controlled for value ranges and outliers. The data will be hosted in a clean room by the company CLARANET. Access to this application will be secure and via https://www. essaionline. com/ default. asp using a personal login and password. The data stored on Medsharing's servers will be duplicated in real-time on multiple disks with robotic backup hourly, daily, weekly and monthly. Data protection will be guaranteed during the exchanges between the user and the servers. The information flowing between the client and the server will be encrypted using a strong encryption technique. Access will be secured by a firewall and only network administrators and authorised persons from the clinical research methodology unit will access the directory.
Landsat 8 OLI Data Set Landsat 8 images were used in this study. The Operational Land Imager (OLI) sensor has eight bands at 30 m spatial resolution and a panchromatic one at 15 m spatial resolution. The sensors present four visible bands (1-4), a near infrared band (NIR) and two bands (6 and 7) in the shortwave infrared spectral region (SWIR). OLI level 1 data (L1T) corresponding to the period between April 2013 and June 2019 were downloaded from the Earth Explorer database (https://earthexplorer. usgs. gov/). In total, 66 Landsat 8-OLI images (Table  1 ) were used after images highly affected by clouds were discarded. Quasi-permanent glint contamination is present in the study area as a consequence of the characteristics of the OLI sensor, such as the solar viewing path geometry, and the low latitude of the Maroni River and estuary (5 • -6 • N).
ACOLITE software (acolite_win 20170718. 0), developed at the Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Science (RBINS), was used to process L1T sun glint-corrected images. No external measurements are needed to perform the atmospheric correction using this software. The OLI dataset was processed with the ACOLITE SWIR processing using a fixed epsilon computed on the data prior to sun glint correction, as explained by Abascal-Zorrilla et al. [45]. The ACOLITE atmospheric correction chain used in the framework of this study was validated for French Guiana  [45]  and R rs data were obtained for the study area.
3-Definition of the ETM zone: The limits of the ETM were defined from an envelope of SPM-normalized values higher than 0. 6. This > 0. 6 threshold value was empirically defined following extensive work using remote sensing data on the muddy coast of the Guianas  [29] , and it was averaged for the different years and seasonal conditions. 4-Length and core of the ETM zone: The length was estimated to gain insight on ETM spatio-temporal variations. We use the terminology of Uncles et al. [48]  to identify a "tail" and a "nose" (which represent, respectively, the downstream and upstream separation of the ETM from areas of lower turbidity). The core of the ETM was estimated from the barycenter using the geometric properties tool in QGIS software.
Data Processing To identify the relationship between SPM values, on which ETM identification is based, and the influence of different dynamic drivers, a mean SPM value was estimated using the selected scenes without applying the previous normalization step of the methodology (see  Sections 3 and 4). Image classification as a function of the tide (neap, spring or mean) was performed as follows based on the tidal range: 1-Estimate the peak values of the tide series. 2-Estimate the mean and standard deviation values (peak std) of the identified peaks. 3-Tides are defined as follows: Neap tides: tidal values < mean peak value - 1  3 peak std tidal Spring tides: tidal values > mean peak value + 1  3 peak std tidal values>mean peak mean value+((1/3) * peak std). Mean tides: tidal values between those of neap and spring tides.
Water Levels, River Discharge, Wind and Wave Data Maroni water discharge data are only available as daily means and were obtained from the database of the service Fleuves, Littoral, Aménagement et Gestion (FLAG) of the DEAL (Direction de l'environnement, de l'aménagement et du logement) (http://hydro. eaufrance. fr/). Data were collected at Apatou (~80 km upstream from KP 0; Figure  1b ) between January 2013 and June 2019. Water levels were retrieved from the tidal gauge record of Les Hattes (5 • 45 00"N, 53 • 57 00"W Figure  1b ). Due to the short length of the record, which does not cover the entire study period, water level data were also retrieved from the tidal gauge of Île Royale (5 • 17 06" N, 52 • 34 48" W Figure  1a ). The data are managed by the Service Hydrographique et Océanographique de la Marine (SHOM) and Direction de la Mer-Guyane (http://data.
Statistical significance was determined by a Mann-Whitney U Test and p values are indicated by *p < 0. 05. c Immunohistochemistry with an antibody against Iba1 also shows an increase in microglia and infiltrating macrophages within the cortex of NOD-EAE model as compared to naïve controls. Automated quantification of percent Iba1 + area with Definiens Tissue Studio Software demonstrated a significant increase in microglia/macrophage coverage in four different regions of the CNS (cortex, hippocampus, cerebellum, and spinal cord). Each data point represents the Iba1 + area quantified from two sections/animal while graphical columns represent the mean and standard error (n = 9 for naïve, n = 13 for NOD-EAE). sCSF1R inh attenuates CSF1-induced proliferation and cytokine production A key observation from post-mortem MS tissue is that the CSF1-CSF1R axis is markedly elevated in progressive MS, and this elevation correlates with increased markers of proliferation.
We found that sCSF1R inh significantly reduced the number of microglia and infiltrating macrophages in a concentration-dependent manner (Supplementary Figs. 7A-C, 3B ). To elucidate the mechanism of (see figure on previous page) Fig. 5  CSF1R inhibition regulates microglial cell turnover. a Murine mixed glial cultures were treated with sCSF1R inh and Iba1 immunocytochemistry was used to identify microglia after 3 days. Representative images from the INCell Analyzer Imaging system demonstrate a qualitative reduction in microglia following CSF1R inhibition. Scale bar: 100 µm. b Quantitative analysis of Iba1 + area reveals that sCSF1R inh significantly depletes microglia in a concentration-dependent manner. Data points represent the mean and standard deviation (n = 3); the IC 50 was calculated with Prism 6 (GraphPad Software).