dataesr/scientific-paragraphs-categorization huggingface dataset:
Given that Pockels point here would be at approximately 33 mM myristic acid/g silica and that the SANS data was performed at a myristic acid input of 437 mM/g silica, the SANS data is consistent with myristic acid coverage slightly in excess of Pockels point. This would point to a fairly inefficient coating methodology. However, as protease protection was evident (Fig. 3 ), it was deemed adequate. The above data, in conjunction with the predicted degree of hydration of both the protein and fatty acid layer, imply that the lipid coating is not highly ordered. Given the methodology used to coat the particles, this is not entirely unexpected. Furthermore as: (i) protease protection (Fig. 3 ), (ii) pH-triggered protein release (Fig. 4 ) and (iii) the release of protein with a highly conserved secondary structure (Fig.
Acknowledgements MWP would like to thank the  University of Greenwich  for her PhD scholarship. SCWR and FP would like to thank  Dr Klaus Rumpel  and  Carla Fernandes  for their help with the mass spectroscopy. SCWR and MWP would like to thank  Professor Robert Piper  ( University of Iowa ) for the kind gift of the plasmid pGST-GFP. SCR would like to acknowledge grant  RB1320038  from the  Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC)  which helped support this work.
Results The 4G/7R BAC and transgenic HepG2 and HepaRG cells CYP3A4 and CYP3A7 (CYP3A4/7) are located adjacent to each other on human chromosome 7. The RP11-757A13 clone was chosen from BAC libraries. Sequence information was obtained from the NCBI and the accession numbers were as follows: RP11-757A13, AC069294; CYP3A4 mRNA, NM_017460; and CYP3A7 mRNA, NM_000765. In this BAC clone, the 123 kb NotI-digested DNA fragment of CYP3A4/7 had been inserted into the EcoRI site of the 11. 5 kb pBACe3. 6. The wild-type (WT) BAC was introduced into DY380 E. coli, and chloramphenicol-resistant (Cm r ) transformants were selected. The CYP3A4/7 genomic regions were extensively analyzed by PCR to ascertain the maintenance of major transcriptional regulatory elements. First, three knock-in vectors were constructed for BAC recombineering (Fig.
Acknowledgments We sincerely thank  Dr. Christiane Guguen-Guillouzo  and  Dr. Philippe Gripon  from  INSERM U522  and  Dr. Christian Trepo  from  INSERM U271  for HepaRG cells. We thank the  RIKEN BioResource Center for HepG2 cells. We thank  Ms. Li Yidan  for her kind assistance with the BAC recombineering,  Dr. Kanako Kazuki  from the  Chromosome Engineering.
Methods We researched some well-known or popular AHM products by using a literature review and through the Internet (using a semantic search strategy). A thorough literature search was made by referring to books, peer-reviewed papers, scientific databases such as Scopus, Science Direct, PubMed, and Google Scholar. Keywords such as adverse drug reactions, African traditional medicine, herbal or natural products, alternative therapy, surveillance, phytotherapy in relation to medicinal plants were the terms employed in the different semantic investigations. Other In our approach, the information-gathering process was based both on the details of stakeholders' interviews and the outcomes of the literature review. More specifically, in order to obtain information about herbal practices and their associated effects, we went through the following process with three phases adapted from Kamsu-Foguem et al  7  (Fig.
Statistical analysis Data were entered into a data base and analysed using SAS 9. 2 software by a statistician from the College of Dental Sciences in Nijmegen, the Netherlands. Restorations with codes 0 and 1 (sound, and small defect at the restoration margin) were considered to have survived. All other codes were considered failures. Presence of a dentine carious cavity alongside the restoration (secondary caries) was considered a failure. The dependent variable was the survival of restorations. Independent variables were: treatment group (ART; CRT/clinic; CRT/GA); type of teeth (primary; permanent); type of surface (single-; multiple-surface); gender; age; operator (1;2); glass-ionomer (Chemfil Rock; EQUIA system); number of primary and permanent teeth restored per person; mean dmft-, mean dt-score, mean DMFT-and mean DT-score at baseline; mean plaque score; and gingival bleeding score.
Acknowledgments Authors are very grateful to  Drs. Ricardo Cabral ,  Laura Brain  and  Claudia Bonnin  for their assistance in implementing this clinical trial. We thank  Dentsply, Germany  and  GC Europe, Belgium  for supplying the glass-ionomers and 3 M  ESPE, Argentina , for supplying the adhesive system and resin composite. The study was co-financed by institutional funds from the  SECYT ,  Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (Argentina)  and the  Global Oral Health Department, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen  (The Netherlands).
The source temperature was 150 °C. The device functioned in electron impact and fragmentation was performed at an electric field of 70 eV. The resulting mass spectra were acquired over the mass range of 35-350 Da. To identify the constituents of the studied EOs, identification made by Kovats index was used, where the polar and nonpolar retention indices were calculated from the retention times of a series of n-alkanes, and from databases of mass spectra, where the obtained mass spectra were compared with those of computerized libraries  [24].
Statistical analyses Frequencies of the SQSTM1/P392L post-zygotic mutation between cases and controls were compared using a Chisquare test, with odds ratio (OR) and 95 % confidence interval (95 %CI) calculations. For the phenotype-genotype associations, we compared PDB patients with postzygotic mutations to patients with germinal mutations and without any mutation within the SQSTM1 gene, for the following items: total sALP levels, age at diagnosis, number of affected bones, and Renier's index. Analyses relied on Student t test for continuous variables, and Chi-square or Fisher exact tests when appropriate for nominal values. All analyses were performed using IBM SPSS Statistics 21 and a p value of <0. 05 was considered statistically significant.
Acknowledgments  Sabrina Guay-Bélanger  was supported in part by a  Ph. D. student award from the  Network for Oral and Bone Health Research (Fonds de Recherche en Santé du Québec). Dr. Michou  is supported by a career award from the  Fonds de Recherche en Santé du Québec. This study was funded by the  Canadian Institute of Health Research  ( MOP 115151  and  IMH 112316 ), the  Fondation du CHUQ , the  Canadian Foundation for Innovation , the  Fonds de Recherche en Santé du Québec , the  Laval University  and the  CHU de Québec Research Centre. We thank  Lynda Brown , the research nurse who collected blood samples and helped for the bone biopsy preparation, and  Suzanne Côté  who assisted  Dr. Brown  to perform the bone biopsy. Open Access article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits any use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and the source are credited.
Measurements. Profilometry data were analyzed with specific software (Mountains Map Universal, Digital Surf, Besancon, France). For each replica, the 28 cross-section areas   ( = 1, 2,. , 28) of the wear track were measured (Figures  2(b ) and 2(c)), and a worn volume   was calculated for each area according to the following expression: 𝑊 𝑖 = 𝜋 𝑑𝑠 𝑖 , ( 1 ) where  is the mean diameter of the wear track ( = 5. 0 mm) and   the surface of the wear track for each section. The average worn volume is then calculated for each replica according to the following formula: 𝑊 = 1 28 28 ∑ 𝑖=1 𝑊 𝑖. (2) The worn volume has then been divided by the applied load to obtain a normalized worn volume:   = 1/5.
MATERIALS AND METHODS The objective of this 5-year noninterventional study was to evaluate the functioning of TM dental implants in a cross section of patients that clinicians would routinely treat in their practices. Noninterventional studies are designed to help avoid manufacturer bias by allowing products to be used as they would be in normal dental practices. Results are systematically documented and analyzed to determine statistically significant outcomes. A longitudinal data collection program (LDCP) was established to monitor the study and provide investigators with a secure method of data collection through digital case report forms housed in a passwordprotected database. Patient selection and case planning were left to the professional judgment of the investigators, all of whom had years of experience in placing multiple implant systems.
The images were recorded with the SOPRO IMAGING software. An HP 620 Notebook was used to collect the data. When evaluating occlusal fissure areas in the SOPRO-LIFE blue fluorescence mode, we used the SOPROLIFE blue fluorescence mode score description as presented in Table  2. Code 0 was given when the fissure appears shiny green, the enamel appears sound, and there are no visible changes. Code 1 was selected if a tiny, thin red shimmer in the pits and fissure system is observed, which can slightly come up the slopes (walls) of the fissure system. No red dots appeared. At code 2, darker red spots confined to the fissure are visible. For code 3 dark red spots have extended as lines into the fissure areas but remain confined to the fissures. A slight beginning roughness of the more lined red areas can be visible.
Data Collection. Each tooth was evaluated and scored for lesions severity using a seven-category scale (0-6) according to ICDAS-II and a six-category scale (0-5) according to SOPROLIFE. 2. 6. Statistical Analysis. Data were analyzed using the SPSS program (version 17, SPSS Inc. , Chicago, IL, USA). In all analyses, a  value < 0. 05 was considered significant. Demographic data are presented as mean ± one standard deviation (SD). Interobserver reproducibility with each examination method and between methods was assessed using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs). ICC values equal to 0 represent agreement equivalent to that expected by chance, while 1 represents full agreement. ICC values between 0 and 0. 2 indicate poor agreement, values between 0. 3 and 0. 4 indicate fair agreement, values between 0.
M ethanobrevibacter oralis was initially isolated from human subgingival plaque  (1) , and further studies associated this methanogen with subgingival diseases, including periodontitis  (2). We recently demonstrated a significant correlation between the M. oralis charge and the severity of periodontitis  (3). Furthermore, M. oralis DNA was detected in the human gut, and we previously reported the first isolation of M. oralis (strain JMR01) from the human gut (4). M. oralis strain JMR01 is a strict anaerobic archaeon with optimal growth at 37°C (pH 7. 5) and 1. 5 g/liter NaCl. Methane is produced by reducing acetate or H 2 -CO 2 as an electron donor. Rumen fluid and vitamin solutions are required for growth and a volatile fatty acid mixture stimulates growth. Phylogenetic classification based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence (GenBank accession number KC616346) confirmed the affiliation of the M.
oralis strain JMR01 herein sequenced with the genus Methanobrevibacter and yielded a sequence similarity of 99% with the reference strain M. oralis DSM 7256 (GenBank accession number HE654003). The M. oralis strain JMR01 complete genome was sequenced by combining shotgun and 3-kb paired-end libraries using high-throughput 454 pyrosequencing (454 Life Sciences-Roche, Boulogne-Billancourt, France). Sequence reads were assembled using a Newbler assembler 2. 8 (20120726_1306) (Roche), and 136 contigs were generated into 14 scaffolds. A preliminary open reading frame (ORF) prediction was conducted by automated annotation with Glimmer (http://www. cbcb. umd. edu/software/glimmer/) and RAST  (5). The annotation was manually curated using BLAST and the nr database of NCBI. The CRISPR finder (http://crispr.
oralis genome will give the opportunity to develop genotyping methods to investigate the diversity of this frequently detected human archaeon. Moreover, the isolation of a new M. oralis strain from the human gut, as well as its genome sequencing, can increase knowledge of this neglected component of the human gut microbiota. Nucleotide sequence accession numbers. The Methanobrevibacter oralis strain JMR01 genome sequence has been deposited in EMBL under the accession numbers CBWS010000001 through CBWS010000060. The whole-genome shotgun project has been deposited in GenBank under the accession number CBWS000000000.
Statistical analyses Real-time RT-PCR data were analysed by one-way ANOVA, using the Games-Howell post hoc test. MTT cell viability assays were analysed by t-test. To analyse the relationships between BRAF mutation status and clinical patient data, Fisher's exact test was used. Association of BRAF mutation status with EGFR expression (high or low; above or below median expression, respectively) was analysed using Fisher's exact test. Statistical analyses were carried out using SPSS statistics v 20 (IBM).
Acknowledgements The skilful technical assistance of  Marja Uola  and  Mariia Valkama  ( Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku ),  Tiia Heinonen  ( Turku Centre for Biotechnology ),  Minna Santanen  ( Department of Medical Biochemistry and Genetics, University of Turku ) and  Maria Tuominen  ( MediCity Research Laboratories, University of Turku ) is gratefully acknowledged. The work was financially supported by the  Academy of Finland  (Grant No. 137845 ),  Finnish Cancer Organizations , the  Sigrid Jusélius Foundation ,  Turku University Central Hospital , the  Mariza and Reino Salonen Foundation  and the  French Ministry of Health  (Grant No. AOM09186 ). Seven patient tissue samples and data were provided by  Guy's and St Thomas's Head and Neck Biobank , which is supported by the  UK Department of Health  via the  National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) , a  comprehensive Biomedical Research Centre award and Guy's and St Thomas's NHS Foundation Trust.
Statistical Analysis Survey procedures in SAS version 9. 2 were used for all analyses. eVO 2 max was regressed on levels of periodontal disease in crude and multivariable linear and logistic regression models. Periodontal disease was defined based on both mean probing depth and attachment loss in separate regression models. Probing depth and attachment loss were modeled both continuously and categorically in quartiles to enable assessments of dose-responsiveness. The Centers for Disease Control/ American Academy of Periodontology (CDC/AAP) Working Group definition was also used to classify participants as having none/mild or moderate/severe periodontitis as previously described  [35, 36]. Participants with moderate and severe periodontitis were combined due to a low prevalence of severe periodontitis.
eVO 2 max was modeled as a continuous outcome in linear regression models (SAS PROC SURVEYREG). The odds of eVO 2 max#32 ml/kg/minute (the population-specific 20th percentile of eVO 2 max) was regressed on levels of the aforementioned periodontal disease categories in logistic regression models using SAS PROC SURVEYLOGISTIC  [37]. All p-values presented for linear trend were based on models using a continuous periodontal exposure variable. Analyses were also conducted in gender subgroups as well as by C-Reactive Protein (CRP) subgroups of. 3 mg/L versus CRP# 3 mg/L as adapted from the Centers for Disease Control/ American Heart Association statement on inflammatory markers in cardiovascular disease  [38]. Subgroup analyses were performed both to reduce possible confounding by gender and inflammation and to assess the evidence for interaction, as previous studies have shown gender  [9]  and inflammatory  [28, 39]  interactions with cardiometabolic outcomes.
Cont. previous reports  [30]  suggests that the influence of incidenceprevalence bias in these data is quite modest and unlikely to be of a magnitude necessary to induce inverse associations. As eVO 2 max was estimated for adults aged 20-49 years in NHANES these findings cannot be generalized to adults older than 50 years of age with a range of health conditions used to exclude participants from the treadmill test. The youth and relatively good health of our sample might also explain why our findings are discordant with previous studies. Although we did not account for occupational activity levels, it is unlikely that this information would meaningfully bias our current analysis. As occupational activities are likely to be strongly correlated with several factors that we did include in our multivariable adjustments (i.
Peros, et al. 21  (2011) presented new data on the salivary microbial changes with time caused by the placement of fixed orthodontic appliances. As in some other investigations  7, 15  , a significant increase in Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus spp in saliva was found after the start of fixed orthodontic therapy. However, the first significant increase was only detected 6 weeks after the fixed orthodontic appliances were placed, and the highest levels were registered at the 12 th week of therapy. To evaluate the oral changes with orthodontic appliances, studies have used a variety of methodology designs. The way salivary parameters are investigated also varies from study to study. Some authors compare the salivary parameters between two groups (orthodontic and control groups)  15  , others compare parameters over time in an orthodontic group without a control group  21, 25.
Statistical analysis The statistical analysis was performed using the STATA 9 software package. The data were analysed using descriptive statistics. A Fisher exact test for qualitative variables and a Student test for quantitative variables were used to determine the significance of differences between the two groups at baseline. The number of subjects was calculated to have 80% power to detect at least 30% difference in occurrence of high levels of Effect of fixed orthodontic appliances on salivary microbial parameters at 6 months: a controlled observational study bacterial species between the two groups, at the 0. 05 level of significance and in a bilateral situation. Anticipating a 10% rate of loss to follow-up, two groups of 46 subjects were necessary. Two logistic regression models were applied, to assess the possible association between subjects wearing orthodontic appliances and presenting high levels of, respectively, Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus spp, taking age, sex, pH and buffer capacity into account.
After 3 hours incubation at 37uC in an anaerobic atmosphere, plates were scanned before and after magnetization using the dedicated Scan Plate Reader (BioFilm Control, France) operated with the Biofilm Control Software (BioFilm Control, France). The biofilm formation was expressed as a Biofilm Formation Index (BFI) calculated by the software and based on attracted beads forming a black spot in the bottom of the wells and detected by the Scan Plate Reader. Calculated BFIs are inversely proportional to the biofilm formation density. A BFI value #2 corresponds to a densely formed biofilm whereas a BFI value $12 indicates the absence of biofilm formation. The results are expressed as the mean of BFI values of triplicate from three independent experiments.
Anti-inflammatory activity Macrophage-like cells U937 (5610 6 cells/wells of six-well plates) were pre-incubated for 2 hours with non-toxic concentrations of ASCOP (0. 10 mg mL 21 ), and then stimulated for an additional 24 hours period with 0. 5 mg mL 21 of P. gingivalis LPS. After the incubation period, the amounts of inflammatory cytokines TNFa and IL-6 were measured in the cell culture supernatants using commercial ELISA kits (R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN) according to the manufacturer's protocol. Non LPS-stimulated and non ASCOP treated cells were used as negative controls. Cells stimulated with LPS but not treated with ASCOP also were used as positive controls of stimulation. Three independent experiments were conducted in triplicate and data are expressed as means 6 SD.
All ESR experiments were performed five times for each point and data are expressed as means 6 SD. Total Antioxidant Capacity. The Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity (ORAC) experiments were carried out according to Prior et al. [28]. ASCOP was used at a concentration of 0. 10 mg mL 21. A standard curve was performed using Trolox (6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid) (Sigma Aldrich), a synthetic analogue of vitamin E, at concentrations ranging from 6. 20 mM to 50 mM. Final values were expressed as micromole Trolox equivalents per gram. Trolox experiments were performed five times and the results are expressed as the mean 6 SD of spectrophotometric absorbance.
Acknowledgments The authors would like to thank  Yslab (Quimper, France), Algues&Mer (Ouessant, France), IRMAtech (Ploemeur, France)  for providing ASCOP and Ag-zeolite, and the  Pole Mer Bretagne (Brest, France)  for their scientific support. We equally thank  Helene Sohli  (EA 1254-UniversiteRennes 1);  Brice Martin  (EA 1274-UniversiteRennes 2);  Dany Saligaut  (EA 1274-UniversiteRennes 1) for their technical contributions and  Celine Allaire (UniversiteRennes 1)  for her editorial assistance.
The Simulator and Exercises. To be able to compare simulator trained students with untrained students and experienced practitioners, we started with the training of the simulator group. Virteasy is one of the first dental simulators on the market to reproduce the sensations of implant surgery. Briefly, it consists of a PC-type computer running Windows 7, a touchscreen control for interacting with simulator software, a 3D screen reflecting in a mirror, stereoscopic glasses for viewing the 3D scene, a plastic contra-angled handpiece connected to force feedback arm device (Phantom) to transcribe the tactile sensations of drill in the bone, and a foot pedal to start the virtual handpiece in the simulator (Figure  1(a) ). Before starting the exercise, participants performed simple exercises to familiarize themselves with the operation of the simulator, the use of virtual handpiece (Figure  1 (b)), adjust their positions, and feel the feedback force provided by the machine.
They were only subsequently transferred to our department where definitive maxillofacial trauma care could be delivered. Data were collected from the clinical notes and surgical records of each patient using a standardized, specifically designed form. Documented data are: 1) age and gender; 2) the cause of the trauma (traffic accident, interpersonal violence, work-or sport-related accident, falls), 3) the anatomical location of the fractures (angle, condyle, body, symphysis, ramus, zygomaticomaxillary complex, orbital floor, zygomatic arch), 4) time between trauma and treatment, 5) the type of treatment and 6) the postoperative complications. Fractures were diagnosed with conventional radiography (dental panoramic radiography or Hirtz's view X-ray or sinus X-ray) and maxillofacial computed tomography and segment displacement evaluated based on both clinical and image examination.
GenBank accession numbers are indicated in parentheses. Sequences were aligned using CLUSTALW, and phylogenetic inferences obtained using the maximum-likelihood method in the MEGA software package. Numbers at the nodes are percentages of bootstrap values from 500 replicates that support the node. Clostridium ramosum was used as the outgroup. The scale bar represents 2% nucleotide sequence divergence. strip (Biomerieux). C. saudii is susceptible imipenem, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, metronidazole, doxycycline, rifampicin, vancomycin and amoxicillin-clavulanate and resistant to amoxicillin, ciprofloxacine, erythromycin and gentamicin. The differential phenotypic characteristics with other Clostridium species are summarized in Table  2. Matrix-assisted laser-desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) MS protein analysis was carried out as previously described  [53].