dataesr/scientific-paragraphs-categorization huggingface dataset:
The most significant experimental result was the identification of a large number of high-lead glasses (n = 15) at Šaqunda with a very homogeneous composition. Of a distinct dark-yellow or greenish-yellow color, these glasses contain mostly lead and silica, with significant levels of alumina and lime as well as some iron and potash, with all other elements usually <1% (Dataset S1). Different types of high-lead glasses appeared in the 9th to 10th century CE across Europe and the Islamic world, including lead silica glasses in the strict sense consisting of very high lead (PbO ≥ 60%) and silica as the main constituents, as well as potash lead (several variants) and soda ash lead glasses with lower lead oxide contents (PbO typically between ∼20% and 60%) and considerable amounts of alkali and alkaline earth elements  (14, (27) (28) (29) (30) (31) (32).
2B  and Dataset S1). In this respect, the high-lead glasses from Šaqunda show similarities with high-lead smoothers that emerge from the archaeological record in the ninth century CE. These smoothers have been found in France and numerous medieval sites across Europe from the British Isles to Russia and have been shown to represent a mixture of slag from silver mining in Melle (France) and a component contributing soda, potash, and alumina  (28, 29). No such additional element was introduced to the high-lead glasses from Šaqunda, as they do not contain significant amounts of alkali and alkaline earth elements. Data on lead slag from various medieval European sites show a high compositional variability that depends on the primary ore, the addition of secondary reactants (total charge), and the stage of the smelting process at which the slag was extracted  (42) (43) (44).
The main ingredients of this type of glass are lead, silica, and soda-rich plant ash containing high soda, moderate magnesia and potash, and relatively low lime concentrations (Fig. 2A ). Compared with the high-lead glasses, it has significantly lower alumina, iron, and barium levels but is enriched in chlorine, silver, tin, and bismuth (Dataset S1; MIR 066). This combination of characteristics suggests the use of litharge from silver cupellation, the separation of silver from argentiferous lead instead of the use of lead slag. Lead Isotopes. In the past, Roman lead-glazed ceramics have been linked to the use of recycled litharge from the silver mines in southern Spain  (45). Silver mining in the southern Iberian Peninsula intensified in the early Islamic period, possibly due to rising demands generated by a new monetary system  (46) (47) (48).
Samples and standards were loaded on a zone-refined rhenium filament that had been previously outgassed. Silica gel was used as an emission stabilizer. Approximately 150 ng of Pb was loaded with H 3 PO 4 onto each filament. The Pb isotopic ratios were corrected for a mass bias of 0. 13% per atomic mass unit as determined by repeated measurements of the NIST NBS982 standard. The individual error in all ratios was often better than 0. 01% (2σ m ), while external reproducibility (2σ) was 0. 06% for the 206 Pb/ 204 Pb ratio, 0. 07% for the 207 Pb/ 204 Pb ratio, and 0. 09% for the 208 Pb/ 204 Pb ratio. Data Availability. The complete lead isotope data are provided in SI Appendix, Table  S1 , and all LA-ICP-MS data are provided in Dataset S1.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS. We thank the  Gerencia de Urbanismo del Ayuntamiento de Córdoba  and  Juan Francisco Murillo ,  David Palomino ,  Maudilio Moreno , and  Carmen García  for access to the vitreous materials and support for this project. We also thank  Yasmina Cáceres  and  Inès Pactat  for supplementary data and figures and  Alberto Canto  for insightful comments and suggestions. This project received funding from the  European Research Council  under the European Union's  Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme  (Grant Agreement  647315 , to N. S. ). The funding organization had no influence in the study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
These discrepancies suggest that detection of robust global trend may require several decades of continuous observations  (Beaulieu et al. 2013). The production of longer, consistent ocean color time series can partly alleviate this issue. The combination of the global CZCS and SeaWiFS datasets provided an insight on the Chl response to natural decadal climate variations  (Martinez et al. , 2009; D'Ortenzio et al. , 2012) , such as the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO;  Mantua et al. , 1997)  and the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO;  Enfield et al. , 2001). However, blending these two archives or reconstructing them using compatible algorithms also led to contrasting results  (Gregg and Conkright, 2002; Antoine et al. , 2005). The time span of the modern radiometric observations (~20 years), as well as the CZCS-SeaWiFS reprocessed time series, are still too short to investigate Chl decadal variations and longer-term trends.
First, the SVR is trained over 1998-2010 on a self-consistent dataset of physical and Chl variables, all extracted from a forced ocean model simulation that includes a biogeochemical component (i. e. , the NEMO-PISCES model). Then, modelled physical variables are used to reconstruct Chl over 1979-2010. The feasibility and robustness of the proposed reconstruction process is assessed through the comparison of modelled vs. reconstructed Chl. In a second step, this framework is applied to satellite ocean color observations.
Synthetic reconstruction from a physical-biogeochemical ocean model This section assesses the reliability and robustness of the SVR approach using a complete and coherent dataset extracted from a global simulation performed with a coupled physicalbiogeochemical ocean model. The SVR is first trained over 1998-2010 on ChlPISCES, and ChlSvr-PISCES is reconstructed over 1979-2010. ChlPISCES and ChlSvr-PISCES are then compared over 32 years to evaluate the consistency of the proposed data-driven reconstruction scheme.
8, except in the Austral Ocean; Figure  7 ). The SVR trained on NEMO-DFS5. 2 predictors vs. satellite Chl is expected to be less efficient than the SVR trained on the coherent NEMO-DFS5. 2-PISCES physical-biogeochemical dataset. Some of the biological interactions/processes (such as the diversity of the prey-predator relationships, the complexity of photoacclimation phenomena) are not yet optimally formulated by model equations inducing that Chl derived from numerical modelling is oversimplified compared to the complexity of the real ocean. Not to mention that satellite Chl may itself be partially affected by other components that are not Chl, such as colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM;  Morel and Gentili, 2009)  and suspended particulate matter (SPM). Phytoplankton can also adjust their intracellular The NRMSE between ChlOC-CCI vs.
Summary and conclusions In this paper, we assess the efficiency of a machine learning statistical approach based on support vector regression (SVR) to reconstruct surface Chl from oceanic and atmospheric variables. We first apply this strategy on self-consistent global dataset gathering physical than the ones at play in the real ocean. We thus anticipated the modeled Chl to be easier to reconstruct than the satellite one. Additional complications were also expected through the reconstruction of satellite Chl from the model oceanic and atmospheric predictors, which may be less realistic than physical parameters derived from satellite measurements. As a consequence, the SVR is indeed slightly less efficient at reproducing the major satellite Chl patterns compared to the model ones but is surprisingly more efficient at capturing observed Chl temporal variations.
On average, the inverse relationship between ChlSvr-CCI and SSTNEMO (FigureSupp 4) occurs over 69. 4% of the global ocean between 50°S and 50°N in a similar way to that reported by Martinez et al. (2009) , especially in the Pacific Ocean (see Figure11Dvs. Figure11B). In the Indian Ocean, although Chl mainly increases in both studies, it is here associated with a SST decrease. Interestingly, this inverse Chl-SST relationship in the Indian Ocean (yellow area in Figure11D) was reported in Behrenfeld et al. (2006)  over the SeaWiFS era, suggesting that the SST dataset used in Martinez et al. (2009)  may have decadal discrepancies for this region.
Search terms included "diagnosis", "antifungal prophylaxis", "antifungal treatment", and "breakthrough fungal infection". Study selection and data extraction were performed separately for yeast infections, mold infections, and endemic mycoses, there was no strict methodical process for the literature search, and the inclusion or exclusion of studies was at the discretion of the authors of these sections. There was no intent to grade the quality of the studies. Authors then drafted a consensus statement for diagnosis of breakthrough IFI. A draft proposal for definitions was developed and sent out by the president of the ECMM to all ECMM council-members for critical revision, comments and suggestions, which were implemented into the final draft.
K. L. received  MSD, SMB Laboratoires Brussels , and  Gilead ; travel support from  Pfizer  and  MSD ; speaker fees from  Gilead ,  FUJIFILM WAKO , and  Pfizer ; and a grant from  Thermo Fisher Scientific , outside the submitted work. SAA reports speaker honoraria or travel grant from  Astellas ,  Gilead , and  Pfizer  outside the submitted work. ER has received research grants from  Astellas ,  Gilead ,  Merck , and  Pfizer Inc. ; he is a scientific advisor and member of speaker bureaus for  Astellas ,  Gilead ,  Merck , and  Pfizer Inc. OAC is supported by the  German Federal Ministry of Research and Education , is funded by the  Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation ) under Germany's  Excellence Strategy-CECAD ,  EXC 2030-390661388  and has received research grants from  Actelion ,  Amplyx ,  Astellas ,  Basilea ,  Cidara ,  Da Volterra ,  F2G ,  Gilead ,  Janssen ,  Medicines Company ,  Melinta ,  Merck/MSD ,  Octapharma ,  Pfizer , Scynexis, is a consultant to Actelion, Allecra,  Amplyx ,  Astellas, Basilea, Biosys, Cidara, Da Volterra, Entasis ,  F2G ,  Gilead ,  Matinas ,  MedPace ,  Menarini ,  Merck/MSD ,  Mylan ,  Nabriva ,  Noxxon ,  Octapharma ,  Paratek ,  Pfizer ,  PSI ,  Roche Diagnostics, Scynexis , and  Shionogi , and received lecture honoraria from  Al-Jazeera Pharmaceuticals ,  Astellas ,  Basilea ,  Gilead ,  Grupo Biotoscana ,  Merck/MSD , and  Pfizer.
In addition to the local breeze systems and the low-pressure systems that propagate from the Atlantic to the Mediterranean in winter time, also mesoscale low-pressure systems are occasionally formed within the Mediterranean region (in the Gulf of Genoa or in the Gulf of Lion  [10] ), with high precipitation totals in the storm center. Regarding the development of precipitation trends in the Mediterranean a decrease in the total amount can be observed. By means of observed time series of the Monthly Precipitation Dataset, Mediterranean Spain (MOPREDAMES) which consists of over 1100 complete and homogenized monthly precipitation time series for the Iberian Peninsula over the period 1951-2000, a decreasing annual precipitation amount has been observed  [11, 12]. Reference  [13]  demonstrated on a seasonal basis over the time period 1952-1999 that a negative trend in precipitation accompanied by a decrease in precipitation days occurred, especially during the rainy season of DJF and spring (March-May, MAM).
In order to investigate the spatio-temporal precipitation regimes on Corsica (location in Figure  1b ) daily precipitation data obtained by automatic weather stations provided by Météo France were used. The total data coverage was at least 99%, and a percentile of 99% is considered to remove unreliable outliers. The daily precipitation data were also tested for homogeneity. Table  S1  shows the meta information of the weather stations used for this purpose. For the detection and delineation of different precipitation regimes a partitioning cluster analysis using the k-medoid algorithm  [24]  is conducted, as also demonstrated by  [25, 26]. For this, we used daily precipitation data over the time period 2011-2016 to allow for the highest density in weather stations, i. e. , 64 different locations.
25 • × 0. 25 • )  [22]  over the time period 1980-2018. To physically relate the resulting PCs to the rainfall occurrences, the medoids obtained from the clustering analysis were correlated with the time scores which describe the time component of the PCA and indicate the variability of the anomalies at each grid point. For further analyses concerning local scale effects such as topography and local wind systems, the clustered precipitation regimes, the co-factors 2 m air temperature, water vapor pressure deficit (vpd), and the wind field are used. Since these analyses are conducted on an hourly basis, the time period considered here is reduced to 1993-2018, due to the limited availability of hourly data in the time before 1993. The total data coverage for hourly data was at least 95%. For the respective precipitation regimes, precipitation events are examined with regard to their distribution during the day and their duration.
All hours in which at least 1 mm precipitation was measured serve as data basis. Regarding the duration, a distinction was made between short (maximum 3 h of precipitation) and long (minimum 3 h of precipitation). This results in four precipitation event classes. Firstly the short, intensive precipitation events (SI), which last a maximum of 3 h and have dropped at least 3 times the threshold value, secondly the short, light precipitation events (SL), for which the threshold value was not exceeded. Thirdly, the long-intensive precipitation events (LI) with a minimum duration of 3 h and at which the threshold value is exceeded in at least 75% of the hours, and fourthly the long-light precipitation events (LL) with the threshold value not being reached in at least 75% of the hours (cf. Table  1 ).
Duration Intensity ≤3 h >3 h ≤3. 6 mm h -1 short, light precipitation events (SL) long, light precipitation events (LL) >3. 6 mm h -1  short, intensive precipitation events (SI) long, intensive precipitation events (LI) The presence of local wind systems is investigated by means of wind field data for each precipitation regime on the island. The method for deriving local circulations was adapted from  [8]  who investigated sea breezes in Sardinia. It is based on the fact that the wind blows offshore (onshore) during at least 9 h during the night (during the day), whereby day and night are defined differently within the seasons, depending on sunrise and sunset. In addition, it is defined that on at least 2 consecutive hours per day, the wind must blow onshore. The division of directions for onshore and offshore breeze was defined with respect to the coastline and topography adjacent to the meteorological station.
Summary and Conclusions In this study, we investigated precipitation events in different regions on the mountainous island of Corsica, and divided them into locally and large-scale induced events with regard to their drivers. In order to better identify the regional differences, a cluster analysis based on hourly precipitation data was carried out in advance and, therefore, the island was divided into 5 precipitation regimes. The precipitation events were subdivided into four classes with respect to their duration and intensity, representing both local/non-local and convective/non-convective types: long intensive (LI), which characterizes non-local frontal precipitation with convective periods, long light (LL), which includes non-local and non-convective precipitation, short intensive (SI), which occurs during local and convective events, and short light events (SL), which represent local but non-convective precipitation events.
Acknowledgments We would like to thank  Wouter Waalewijn  for helpful discussions. X. L. is supported by the  National Natural Science Foundation of China  under Grant No. 11775023  and the  Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities. F. R. is supported by the  Department of Energy  under Contract No. DE-AC0205CH11231 , the  LDRD Program of LBNL  and by the  National Science Foundation  under Grant No. ACI-1550228  within the  JETSCAPE Collaboration. This work has been supported in part by the  Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF)  under grant numbers  05P15VTCA1  and  05P18VTCA1. A. M. thanks the  University of Tübingen  for support where part of this work was done.
0/). indicates that systemic treatment that includes HER2targeted agents may improve clinical outcomes in patients with HER2-positive MBC and BM; survival in such patients has been reported as approximately 11e30 months. 13e17 Among other potentially active drugs in these patients, the antibody-drug conjugate trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1) has been shown to improve overall survival (OS) in patients with trastuzumab-resistant advanced MBC and asymptomatic BM previously treated with radiotherapy, compared with lapatinib plus capecitabine. 11 Two small additional studies also provided signals of clinical activity for T-DM1 in patients with HER2-positive MBC and BM. 18, 19 AMILLA (NCT01702571) is an ongoing, international, single-arm, open-label, phase IIIb study evaluating the safety and efficacy of T-DM1 in patients with previously treated, HER2-positive advanced breast cancer.
Patients In total, 2003 patients were enrolled in study cohort 1 between 12 November 2012, and 29 September 2014, and 2002 patients received treatment with T-DM1 (supplementary Figure  S1A , available at Annals of Oncology online). At database lock (31 January 2017), median followup duration was 20. 6 months (range 0e50). 20 Of the treated patients, 398 had baseline BM reported in the database (supplementary Figure  S1B , available at Annals of Oncology online). Demographics and disease characteristics for the subgroups of patients with and without baseline BM were generally comparable (Table  1 ). However, numerically fewer patients with baseline BM had an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status of 0. Of the 398 patients with baseline BM, 126 (31. 7%) had measurable BM designated as target lesions for the evaluation of treatment response.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The authors are grateful to the patients and families for their participation in the KAMILLA study as well as the KAMILLA study investigators. Support for the acquisition and interpretation of data, as well as manuscript review, was provided by  Nicolas Lindegger, PhD. The authors would like to thank the team at  Covance Clinical-Biotech  for managing this global study. We would also like to thank  Peter Button, PhD , for assisting with the study design and acquisition of data for the primary analysis of the KAMILLA study. Support for third-party writing assistance was provided by  Meredith Kalish, MD , of  Ashfield Healthcare.
Acknowledgements This research was supported by an internal research project of the  Museum of Eastern Bohemia in Hradec Králové , the  CNRS Paris  and the  Museum of Natural History Schleusingen. RW thanks the  Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG)  who financially supported this research with the grant  DFG-We 2833/4-1 ,  Yuri Gubin  ( †) and  Igor Novikov  ( PIN, Moscow ) for their help concerning Intasuchus. We acknowledge  Jalil Simon  ( France ) for his artistic reconstruction of Korkonterpeton kalnense gen. et sp. nov. visible in. We also thank the reviewers  Josep Fortuny (Barcelona) and Jozef Klembara (Bratislava)  for their constructive comments.
Additionally, we mapped irrigated agriculture spatial extent in a geographic information system (GIS) using U. S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) National Agriculture Imagery Program (NAIP) photographs  (NAIP 2009). Data were summarized to provide a picture of historical and current irrigated agriculture extent in the study area. While the Navarro River extends beyond the study area, our analysis was constrained to portions of the Navarro River watershed with active agricultural operations, namely Anderson Valley (fig. 1 ). We estimated future irrigated agriculture in the Russian River watershed by visually determining potentially irrigable lands not currently in production based upon the slope and landscape position. In the Anderson Valley, we used aerial imagery from the 2009 USDA NAIP aerial mapping program to develop a land cover classification for the Anderson Valley watershed.
Sample points from forest and non-forest land cover types were identified in the 2009 aerial images and used to inform an image classification procedure. Maximum Likelihood Classification (Nagi 2011) was used to generate the land cover classes with a 10-m pixel resolution. National elevation data at 10-m resolution was used to derive topographic slope for the Anderson Valley. The National Elevation Dataset provides uniform topographic data across the United States and allows for explicit consideration of topography in geographic analysis and modeling (State Water Commission and USGS 2017). Slope classes of < 10% and < 20% were created to discriminate vineyard potential under different slope thresholds. In general, steeper slopes are more difficult and costly to farm. Vineyard land cover identified during air photo mapping was used to extract existing vineyard land cover from the model.
Measured application rate and grower interview information were combined to estimate total irrigation use. Reference evapotranspiration (ETo; reference rate at which water evaporates from the soil and transpires) data were obtained for  2007   (Howard and Bowman 1991). Available water holding capacity data for dominant soil types within irrigated agricultural lands in Anderson Valley were obtained from  Rittiman and Thorson (1993). Grapevine water use and crop coefficient (Kc) are linear functions of shaded area beneath the canopy  (Williams and Ayers 2005). To calculate specific crop coefficients for this study, we measured percent canopy area covering the vineyard floor. In the Russian River study area, site-specific crop coefficients were calculated in 19 wine grape blocks. Shaded area beneath the canopy at midday was assessed using photographs, digitizing dark and light areas beneath and between vine rows, and measuring actual shaded area  (Prichard et al.
2007 ). In the Anderson Valley, we used the Paso Panel technique  (Battany 2012)  to directly measure canopy shaded area on representative sites and trellis designs. Field data were used to calculate grapevine crop coefficients according to methods outlined by  Battany (2012). We took vine canopy field measurements at Roederer Estate Vineyards in Philo between 1200 and 1300 hours (solar noon) on September 28 and October 2, 2012. Vine canopies were healthy, green and fully expanded. A total of four sites planted to pinot noir and chardonnay were selected based on trellis type, vine vigor and row orientation; we recorded 40 observations from each site. Crop coefficients were calculated using the algorithm provided by  Battany (2012). These values were used to produce an average Kc.
Total agricultural water demand We calculated total agricultural water demand by summing water used for irrigation, frost protection, heat protection and postharvest application; volumes were informed by agricultural practice differences and access to water. Total (per acre) water use (and its ranges) were multiplied by both existing (mapped) and potential (modeled) irrigated agriculture to calculate total agricultural water demand. Total demand, including timing and volume, was then compared to annual stream discharge data. Data from the following USGS stream gauging stations were compiled and analyzed for the Russian River watershed: Russian River near Ukiah, station #11461000; east fork of Russian River near Ukiah, station #11462000; and Russian River near Hopland, station #11462500. Stream discharge measurements from USGS stream gauging station #11468000 near Navarro, Mendocino County, were compiled and analyzed for the Navarro River watershed.