dataesr/scientific-paragraphs-categorization huggingface dataset:
Relationship to environmental variablesδ 13 C Overall, plot average soil and foliar δ 13 C are uncorrelated or weakly correlated with climatic parameters (Table  2 ). There are some limitations in this analysis of climatic relationships, notably the relatively limited climate space (particularly when biomes are analysed separately) and the constraints of the interpolated WorldClim database  (Hijmans et al. , 2005 ) (e. g. in the topographically complex Cape Fold Belt Mountains). Considering all sites, δ 13 C from soils and plants is most strongly (negatively) correlated with precipitation of the wettest month (Table  2 ). Given the range of foliar δ 13 C measured, the primary cause of this correlation between δ 13 C and rainfall is most likely photosynthetic pathway, indicating the greater occurrence of CAM plants, and occasional C 4 grasses (e.
Comparing these results more explicitly with vegetation in the study region, Fig. 6  compares the plot average soil δ 13 C TOC values with the percentage of plant species in CAM-rich families (Aizoaceae-Mesembryanthemaceae, Crassulaceae, Euphorbiaceae), as obtained from the PRECIS database  (SANBI, 2003). The highest soil δ 13 C values broadly.
) and indeed their foliar δ 15 N values are commensurately lower (measured δ 15 N of 0 and 0. 1‰) than their (FB5) plot-mean foliar δ 15 N (1. 4‰). However, one of the lowest measured δ 15 N values was from a Restionaceae specimen, a family not thought to be mycorrhizal  (Allsopp and Stock, 1993). Conversely, the δ 15 N of a sample of Erica sp. (the Ericaceae family is associated with ericoid mycorrhiza, with reported δ 15 N values < 0‰;  Allsopp and Stock, 1993; Spriggs et al. , 2003)  had a foliar δ 15 N close to the plot average (2. 6‰ compared to the FB1 plot mean of 3. 0‰). The impact of these effects is therefore difficult to evaluate with the present dataset. Considering δ 15 N in terms of climate (e. g. Handley et al. , 1999; Amundson et al. , 2003) , noting the previous caveats regarding gridded climate data, δ 15 N is most strongly correlated with precipitation of the wettest quarter and mean annual precipitation (Table  3 ; Fig.
5 ). Correlations with temperature-related parameters are largely non-significant, except for the positive correlation between mean annual temperature and soil δ 15 N, and the negative correlation between aridity and soil δ 15 N. Correlations are weaker when the Succulent Karoo Biome is considered alone, but the narrower climatic envelope and reduced sample numbers likely account for this. It is notable, given the range of potentially fractionating processes in the nitrogen cycle, that δ 15 N shows stronger correlations with climate Fig. 6. Map showing regional-scale variation percentage of plant species in the vegetation from CAMdominant families (Aizoaceae-Mesembryanthemaceae, Crassulaceae, Euphorbiaceae), as obtained from the PRECIS database  (SANBI, 2003) , along with the mean soil δ 13 C TOC from the study sites (as circles).
MAP, which incorporate wider ranges of MAP (e. g. Handley et al. , 1999; Craine et al. , 2009). For relatively arid environments,  Cheng et al. (2009)  sampled a range in MAP comparable to the present study and reported a slope range of 1. 1-2. 3‰ per 100 mm decrease in MAP, while in even more arid conditions, over an MAP range of 10-160 mm a -1 ,  Díaz et al. (2016)  observed soil δ 15 N to increase by ~5‰ (foliar δ 15 N showing a different relationship). Considering other controls, a greater abundance of plants using mycorrhizal associations within the otherwise higher rainfall, lower temperature locales of the Fynbos Biome (particularly the low soil nutrient Montane Fynbos of the Cederberg Mountains;  Campbell, 1983; Muofhe and Dakora, 1999)  may account for the relatively steep MAP-δ 15 N gradient observed across the whole dataset.
, 2009; Pardo and Nadelhoffer, 2010). As the slope of the relationship between the soil and foliar δ 15 N is close to 1 (0. 84 ± 0. 15), these data also imply that the "enrichment factor" (the difference between foliar and soil δ 15 N i. e. Δ 15 N; Fig. S9 ) is no greater at higher foliar δ 15 N sites (cf. Craine et al. , 2009). This is of potential relevance as Δ 15 N can provide insights into N cycling and plant-available N by removing the effects of variations in the baseline (soil) signature  (Craine et al. 2015a ). For the total dataset here, there is no correlation between Δ 15 N and any climatic factors (cf. Cheng et al. , 2009; Mosher et al. , 2020) , but interestingly it is correlated with % fines for the Succulent Karoo, an observation worth further investigation, particularly given current uncertainties surrounding the drivers of the enrichment factor  (Craine et al.
Conclusions Soil and foliar δ 15 N and δ 13 C data collected from across the Fynbos and Succulent Karoo Biomes facilitated consideration of a range of environmental variables impacting plant and soil isotopic compositions across these semi-arid to arid winter rainfall biomes. Soil and foliar δ 13 C for the Fynbos are consistent with a dominantly C 3 biome, but these new data provide a more robust indication of the degree of variability (the Fynbos foliar δ 13 C standard deviation, excluding CAM plants, is 1. 6‰) within this biome. Additionally, CAM plants with elevated δ 13 C, while rare, are present in the Fynbos Biome and contribute to foliar isotopic variability (Fynbos foliar δ 13 C standard deviation including CAM plants is 3. 6‰). Indeed, across the total dataset and the Succulent Karoo in particular, CAM is associated with the greatest carbon isotope variability (δ 13 C range be more than 10‰).
Acknowledgements We thank the  Leverhulme Trust  ( F/00 212/AF ) for funding the original field sampling campaign and the majority of the laboratory analyses. Matthew Britton ,  Zoe Roberts  and  Pippin Anderson  are thanked for plant identification, laboratory and field assistance respectively. We thank  Alex Cumming  and  Hannah Grimes  for laboratory assistance. BMC's contributions and some laboratory analyses were supported by the  European Research Council (ERC)  under the European Union's  Seventh Framework Programme  ( FP7/2007-2013 ) grant agreement no. 258657. We thank the reviewers and editor for their constructive comments on the original version of this paper.
Sample size calculation, recruitment and data collection A G*Power 3 software calculation (http://www. gpower. hhu. de/en. html) was employed to compute the required sample size of this study, even though this was a cross-sectional study. Specifically, in order to compute the required sample size, an F test for multiple regression, R 2 deviation from zero was showing that a sample size of 108 individuals per country could provide a medium to large effect size (f=. 20). Convenience sampling was used. The online survey was promoted in each country using social media and through the local University email lists including students and academic staff. However, there were difficulties to approach the required sample size due to the Christmas holidays. Thus, in order to account for this problem, the countries included with a sample size less than 108 participants were removed from the cross-country comparisons.
RedCap software (https:// redcap. ucy. ac. cy/) was used to collect the data. Prior to completing the survey, participants provided informed consent electronically. The average duration of the survey was eight minutes. The study was approved by the Cyprus National Bioethics Committee (reference: ΕΕΒΚ ΕΠ 2019. 01. 131) and site approvals were obtained where necessary. Regarding inclusion criteria, individuals aged 18 years and over, living in one of the six included European countries (Cyprus, France, Germany, Italy, Poland, and Spain) were eligible to participate. There were no other exclusion criteria.
Findings on the psychological antecedents of vaccination  25  suggest that when promoting COVID-19 vaccinations, the emphasis should be given to the benefits of being vaccinated instead of the risks of vaccination and emphasizing the collective responsibility. Public health authorities are recommended also to use social learning approaches such as modeling to tackle vaccination hesitancy. Engaging role models in communities and people who are more likely to be trusted such as healthcare providers and developing and implementing stratified vaccination campaigns to tackle youth and people living in rural areas may increase vaccination uptake. 19 he findings of this study should be interpreted in light of its limitations. Data collection was done using a convenient sample approach, promoted through University email lists and social media and was conducted online, limiting our study representativeness.
Background: Unaccompanied refugee minors-or unaccompanied minors-are children and adolescents who have been separated from parents and other relatives and are not being cared for by an adult. Unaccompanied minors are a vulnerable population, with numerous stressors and complex psychiatric symptoms necessitating specialized mental health care. This study explores patients' experiences of a Multimodal Co-Therapy for Unaccompanied Minors (MUCTUM), which encompasses cultural, biological, narrative & institutional approaches to care. Methods: MUCTUM is a co-therapy program for unaccompanied minors, with a psychiatrist, psychologist, native-language interpreter, and caseworker for each patient. In this qualitative study, we interviewed adolescents about their experiences with MUCTUM and analyzed these semi-structured interviews using a phenomenological framework (Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis).
Set-up and first consultations MUCTUM operates monthly, or weekly during acute phases. The team includes ethnically diverse providers and consists of a psychiatrist, a psychologist, the caseworker assigned to the adolescent, and an interpreter. The interpreter is a professional translator who is also trained in cultural mediation and attends every session  [19]. MUCTUM aims to provide a pluralist approach in which mental health providers efficiently integrate the psychiatric and psychological assessments and interventions including biological, institutional, transcultural and narrative approaches  [3, 20, 21]. During the first session, care providers introduce themselves and the purpose of MUCTUM. Care providers explicitly welcome the patient ("we are happy to receive you, be welcome"), and explain the set-up and the "rules" of the program (confidentiality, kindness, consistent interpreter presence, and ability to speak in both languages whenever).
Population, data collection and analysis We recruited volunteer participants through purposive sampling among UM who attended MUCTUM therapy in Cochin University Hospital, Paris, France. We stopped recruiting new patients when data saturation was reached, meaning that the analysis of new interviews no longer provided new findings. Three trained researchers conducted semi-structured interviews, either faceto-face or online. Researchers introduced themselves to participants before the day of the interview, and informed UM of the research purpose. Interpreters participated in the interview as needed. The interview guide was adapted iteratively during the study and included sensitizing questions about the following topics: the representation of psychiatric symptoms and care in their home countries and the host countries, what happens and what patients experience during therapy, how patients talk about themselves, the role of the caseworker and interpreter, and how family issues are discussed during therapy.
Other studies describe how to create spaces that allow UM to feel comfortable and valued, to speak openly, and to recover a sense of self  [27, 28]. Kohli explores the concept of safety for asylum-seeking children: predictable patterns in daily rhythm, going to school, receiving medical care and "finding trust-worthy, reliable and companionable people, adults and peers"  [29]. Similarly, creating a safe place for UM is central in MUCTUM. Patient-centered therapy is a relevant approach for UM, as suggested by our study, because UM have very heterogeneous profiles, and treatment should therefore be based on their unique experience and social situation. This is consistent with Van Es et al. 's study, which advocates for flexibility in treatment approaches for UM  [14]. Similarly, MUCTUM provides UMs with a unique program to address and prioritize various problems according to a hierarchy of needs.
In the case of UMs, limited reparenting by a care provider might partially compensate for this deprivation, provided that appropriate professional boundaries are maintained. According to our participants' experience, creating "safety, stability, and acceptance" may require care providers to consider sharing their personal phone numbers with patients in case of crisis  [38]. Culturally appropriate care is central in MUCTUM, with interpreters who double as cultural mediators. This is consistent with other recent studies, which emphasize the importance of native language and cultural explanation across native and host countries' cultures, for the young patients and the professionals who care for them  [14, 32]. Transcultural psychotherapy is an essential component of MUCTUM, highlighting UMs' skills acquired in native countries, cultural affiliations to one's host country, culturally meaningful symptoms, and traditional care if valued by the patient  [39].
Transcultural psychotherapy for and adolescents is currently being assessed with randomized controlled trials  [40]. Our results show that UM can give great importance to talking therapy, as proposed in MUCTUM. Although some authors suggest that psychiatric intervention may be deferred until language level of migrant patients has improved  [26, 41] , we believe that talk therapy can be implemented as soon as an interpreter allows the patient to talk in his/her native language, and as soon as basic needs are provided. Sharing trauma experiences through narrative can have beneficial effects on health and well-being  [42]. In our exploration of how and when trauma should be addressed for UMs, our participants explain that narration of trauma should occur only after several steps of psychotherapy (building trust, concrete problem-solving).
The research team have long-term trust relationships with the Tuareg of Illizi, which facilitated the implementation of the pre-designed protocol. After explaining the project's scope and objectives and after answering all participants' questions, we requested participants' Free, Prior and Informed Consent to participate. Literate participants signed a written consent form, and we used an oral script for illiterate people, which was signed by a witness. The research protocol was approved by the Ethics committee of the Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (CEEAH 4781). To collect qualitative data about the community's timeline (last 120 years), the ecological calendar, and observed climate change impacts, we used semi-structured interviews and discussed interview responses in focus groups with elder community members.
Acknowledgments The first author would like to thank the  Tuareg of the Illizi region  for their collaboration. We also thank  Mr. Ghouma  and  Mr. Kamel Raki  from the  Illizi Chamber of Agriculture. Many thanks also to  Petra Benyei  for her help as a member of the  LICCI-Core team (ICTA-UAB ). This work is funded by the  European Research Council (ERC)  under Grant  771056-LICCI-ERC-2017-COG. This work contribute to the  ICTA-UAB"María de Maeztu" Programme for Units of Excellence  funded by the  Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities  ( CEX2019-000940-M ). Funding to support open access publication of this work was provided by the  Rita Allen Foundation  under agreement  NS-2111-02233.
What additional considerations does the hybrid format entail from an organizational perspective? Organizing a hybrid conference entails the usual logistics required for an in-person-only and an onlineonly conference, but there is additional work for the LOC that is inherent to the hybrid format. More communication, flexibility and file handling: Clear communication with participants is essential and common to all conferences but the hybrid format adds complexity due to several types of participation. For instance, any registration change (e. g. , onsite to online, or vice-versa) has to be followed by updates in internal databases, mailing lists and the program. Communication efforts also increase because customized instructions have to be provided to online and onsite participants and presenters.
Acknowledgments We are grateful to all members of the 16DSBS local organizing committee (alphabetical order):  Alizé Bouriat ,  Marie-Anne Cambon ,  Valérie Cueff-Gauchard ,  Titouan Doussin ,  Rémi Dulermo ,  Lucile Durand-Le Rolland ,  Nahia Etchegaray ,  Didier Flament ,  Vincent Georges ,  Anne Godefroy ,  Nadine Lanteri ,  Marjolaine Matabos ,  Lénaïck Menot ,  Eve-Julie Pernet ,  Garance Perrois ,  Justine Pittera ,  Florence Pradillon  and  Pierre-Marie Sarradin. We are also grateful to the following trustees of the  Deep-Sea Biology Society  (alphabetical order):  Chong Chen ,  Malcolm Clark ,  Adrian Glover ,  Steven.
Funding This work and EP were supported by the  ISblue  project , Interdisciplinary graduate school for the blue planet  ( ANR-17-EURE-0015 ) and co-funded by a grant from the  French government  under the program " Investissements d'Avenir ". AATW was funded by a  Marie Sklodowska-Curie Global Fellowship  awarded by the  European Union 's  Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Program  (Grant No. 797326 ).
Ethics and registration of the study The procedure of this cross-sectional observational study was approved by the institutional review board of the Department of Medicine at the University of Gießen, Germany (Protocol number 87/17) and each recruitment centre. The study was registered at the German registry for clinical studies (DRKS00012745). The study protocol was published before data collection was finished. 49 Every participant provided written informed consent before participation and was free to withdraw from the study at any time. The study was conducted in concordance with the Declaration of Helsinki.
Data collection and statistical analyses Data collection took place between September 2017 and December 2019. In spring 2020 a broader classification of dermatological conditions to be used for analysis purposes was created by four experienced academic dermatologists (F. B. , A. B. , F. J. D. , U. G. ) adapting the categorization of the former ESDaP study  25  and ICD-10. These broader categories were introduced, as otherwise statistical analyses would have not been possible because there would have been too few patients in each group. More information on which ICD-10 categories were merged is given in Table  S1  (see Supporting Information). The data were systematically checked for mistakes and were statistically analysed using SPSS Statistics version 26 (IBM, Armonk, NY, USA). For the DCQ one missing item was allowed.
For PSS and PSQ one missing item was allowed per scale. The scale scores for these questionnaires were extrapolated accordingly. For the General Health Questionnaire-4, missing data were not substituted. For this questionnaire, the patient or control was regarded as having screened depression or anxiety if the score of one or two items on the scale was ≥3. Categorical variables were described by numbers and percentages, and continuous variables by means and SDs. Patients with dermatological conditions and controls were compared regarding sociodemographic variables, physical conditions and psychological factors by t-tests in case of continuous variables and by v 2 -tests in case of categorial variables. To determine the chances of dermatological patients having clinical symptoms of BDD, in comparison with controls, crude and adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were determined for the whole group of patients and the different patient groups separately.
European Parliament, Resolution of 16 February 2017 with recommendations to the Commission on Civil Law Rules on Robotics, P8_TA-PROV(2017)0051, para 59. 58 The opacity is not only attributable to the complexity of the algorithm processing the information and producing outcomes based thereon, but also to the datasets fuelling the decision-making. The diversity and plurality of data gathered and process by Big data analytics tools hamper the explainability, accountability, and comprehensibility of the algorithm-based decisions; see Joint Committee Discussion Paper on the Use of Big Data by Financial Institutions, produced by EBA, EIOPA, and ESMA (the ESAs), JC 2016 86, 27.
57 European Parliament, Resolution of 16 February 2017 with recommendations to the Commission on Civil Law Rules on Robotics, P8_TA-PROV(2017)0051, para 59. 58 The opacity is not only attributable to the complexity of the algorithm processing the information and producing outcomes based thereon, but also to the datasets fuelling the decision-making. The diversity and plurality of data gathered and process by Big data analytics tools hamper the explainability, accountability, and comprehensibility of the algorithm-based decisions; see Joint Committee Discussion Paper on the Use of Big Data by Financial Institutions, produced by EBA, EIOPA, and ESMA (the ESAs), JC 2016 86, 27.
Data Collection Procedures Our corpora consist of two sets of interviews. These interviews were collected in the course of various research projects and archived for further use-provided that these were in line with the ethical guidelines that our research center adheres to (see section Research Ethics Protocol). These corpora are presented in this section. The first series of interviews from the 2010 corpus is made up of 33 semi-directed interviews conducted between 2010 and 2012 with stakeholders in flood risk management and the general population in the Gironde area. This sample was constituted from a first series of interviews with nine key respondents that were identified in order to capture a diversity of experience in terms of flood risk. We then proceeded with a snowball sampling procedure-i.
Data Analysis Our corpora were analyzed using thematic analysis. Thematic analysis consists of identifying sections of a corpus that are deemed relevant to the issue under scrutiny, in our case, phrases expressing judgments. These sections are then (re)organized along thematic lines-here, predefined or emerging ethical theories. Table  2  presents the various predefined coding categories or themes (see section Defining and Using Ethical Framework Ideal Types as a Metaethical Approach for the rationale for these choices). These themes were used to analyze utterances that express a normative judgment either explicitly (use of verbs such as "ought to, " "must, " "should, " and adjectives such as "good, " "bad, " "preferred, " "desirable") or implicitly (narration expressing positive or negative judgment, yet without explicit and clear direct normatively loaded vocabulary).
FUNDING Data collection for the Gironde corpus was done in the course of the THESEUS project funded by the European Union (FP7, Grant 244104). The data collection and analysis as well as the drafting of this paper were done in the course of the CoCliServ project. Project CoCliServ is part of ERA4CS, an ERA-NET initiated by JPI Climate, co-funded by the European Union (H2020, Grant 690462). Further worktime has been funded through the RREFlood project. The RREFlood project is funded through the Belmont Forum International Opportunity Fund Pathways 2020 Call. Conflict of Interest: ER was employed by Suez Consulting. The remaining authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.