dataesr/scientific-paragraphs-categorization huggingface dataset:
The E3N cohort study The E3N study is a national closed prospective cohort study aiming to investigate risk factors for cancer and other chronic diseases in women  (Clavel-Chapelon and E3N Study Group, 2015). This cohort is a component of the EPIC study (European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition), involving 10 European countries  (Riboli et al. , 2002). Women were recruited between June 1990 and November 1991. The eligibility criteria were: being born between 1925 and 1950, residing in the continental mainland France and being members of the MGEN (a national health insurance plan covering mostly teachers) at inclusion. Among the 500,000 women contacted, nearly 100,000 were included (n=98,995) after returning a self-questionnaire about lifestyle, reproductive factors, anthropometry, medical history, familial history of cancer and after signing an informed consent, in compliance with the French National Commission for Computerized Data and Individual Freedom (CNIL).
Follow-up self-questionnaires were sent every two or three years by post and to date, 12 questionnaires have been sent with a participation rate of about 80%. All the questionnaires are available on the cohort's website (www. e3n. fr). Between 1994 and 1999, blood samples were gathered from 25,000 volunteers in a biological material bank. Between 2009 and 2011, saliva samples were collected from an additional 47,000 women  (Clavel-Chapelon and E3N Study Group, 2015). The addresses of the participants were obtained at inclusion and at the 5 th to the 10 th follow-up questionnaires. Questionnaires 3 and 4 recorded only postal codes and no address data were kept for questionnaire 2  (Amadou et al. , 2020 ). An urban / rural status was assigned to each participants' place of birth (zip code and commune) obtained at the first questionnaire  (Binachon et al.
, 2014). Breast cancer occurrence was collected mainly by self-reporting in follow-up questionnaires and a few additional cases were retrieved from insurance data or information on causes of death obtained from the National Services on Causes of Deaths  (Amadou et al. , 2020). Ninety-three percent of breast cancer cases were validated after reviewing pathology reports or other medical reports obtained from medical practitioners. Tumor characteristics, including histological type and hormone receptor status, were extracted from the pathological reports. When a woman was diagnosed with more than one tumor at the same time, we considered the characteristics of the more advanced breast cancer in terms of tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) stage, or grade of differentiation if the TNM stages were the same.
At the index date of the case, the controls had to be followed and had no previous diagnosis of any cancer. The matching variables were specific to presence or absence of a blood sample: cases with blood sampling (before diagnosis) were matched with controls who also had a blood sample (before the index date of the matching case). They were matched on age (± 1 year), residential area (French Departments), date (± 3 months) and menopausal status at the time of blood collection. Cases without a blood sample were matched to controls on the same criteria at inclusion and additionally on whether or not there was a saliva sample. Women with missing data on matching variables, and their paired were excluded (N = 6).
Estimation of atmospheric PCB153 concentrations Atmospheric PCB153 concentrations were estimated annually from 1990 to 2010 in the mainland France by the National Institute for Industrial Environment and Risks (INERIS), with the air quality model CHIMERE  (Couvidat et al. , 2018). The model set-up has been described previously  (Amadou et al. , 2020). Briefly, CHIMERE is an atmospheric chemistry-transport model simulating pollutant atmospheric dispersion and other physical and chemical processes (for example chemical degradation, deposition, particle formation and evolution) at the national scale, based on meteorological and emission inventory with a 1 km resolution (based on pollutant emission estimated per activity sector from the European Monitoring and Evaluation Program (EMEP MSC-east) in this study), and provides hourly averaged concentrations.
Statistical analyses Atmospheric exposure to PCB153, socio-demographic characteristics and other covariates were described for cases and controls, using mean and standard deviation (SD) for continuous variables and frequency and percentage for categorical variables. The woman characteristics were collected by self-questionnaires, mainly at baseline. Alcohol consumption was collected at Q3 and for hormonal treatments, we used the information available in the last questionnaire before the index date. Menopausal status at index date was determined from self-reported data during follow-up on menopausal status and age at menopause (see the data dictionary in Supplementary Material (Table  S2 )). A histogram was plotted to represent the variability of cumulative exposures among women. The distribution of the woman characteristics was also described according to PCB153 exposure quintiles based on the distribution of controls.
Additionally, a third model was conducted by adding other adjustment variables widely found in the literature: level of education (secondary, 1 to 2 year university degree, and ≥ 3 year university degree ; used as a proxy for socio-economic status), age at menarche (< 12, 12-14, and ≥ 14 years), menopausal status at index date (premenopausal, postmenopausal), previous family history of breast cancer (yes, no), previous history of personal benign breast disease (yes, no) and urban / rural status of the birthplace (see the data dictionary in Supplementary Material for a better specification of covariates (Table  S2 )). The effect modification by age at index date, physical activity, BMI, menopausal status over the study period, parity, breastfeeding and age at menarche were tested by including interaction terms between these variables and exposure of PCB153 in the models.
Furthermore, subgroup analyses were conducted according to the hormone receptors status (estrogen receptors (ER) and progesterone receptors (PR)) of breast tumor, only with continuous PCB153 exposure. Other models have also been estimated using the average annual PCB153 concentration, instead of cumulative concentration. Simple imputations were used for variables with less than 5% missing data (Garcia-Acosta and Clavel-Chapelon, 1999). More specifically, continuous variables were replaced by the median while categorical variables were replaced by the modal class of cases for cases and of controls for controls, except for oral contraceptive use at index date. All women with missing data on this variable, had reported never used it at baseline. Accordingly, we assumed that they had not started using oral contraceptive later since the age at the inclusion in the cohort was between 40 and 65 years of age.
Acknowledgments We gratefully acknowledge the E3N cohort participants for providing data and the practitioners for providing pathology reports. We thank  Charlotte Carretero ,  Maxime Guillou  and  Matthieu Dubuis  for addresses geocoding. We thank  Céline Kernaleguen ,  Maxime Valdenaire ,  Laureen Dartois ,  Roselyn Gomes-Rima , and  Amandine Gelot  for the datamanagement and the assistance for the cohort data collection.
This data set will be acquired via shore-based analysis and published as a separate data report. Site U1552 featured the presence of gas hydrates in the sediment column between 9 and 27 mbsf. Maximum methane concentrations in headspace gas were detected in this depth interval. C 2 -C 6 hydrocarbons were detectable at depths below ~25 mbsf without a clear trend downhole. The abundance of dissolved gas in the sediment was marked by an abundance of voids in the cores, which could represent more than 100% of the sediment recovery. Methane was dominant in these voids. H 2 and CO were detected in the void gases, but showed no clear trend downhole.
Petrophysics Physical properties were measured on whole-round and split core sections. The acquired data were compared between Holes U1552A and U1552C for lithostratigraphic characterization and correlation of core description information with physical properties data. Seven in situ formation temperature measurements were taken with the APCT-3 tool to calculate the geothermal gradient (262°C/km) and heat flow (222 mW/m 2 ). Two different intervals were identified in all petrophysical parameters. From the seafloor to ~12 mbsf and at 18-87 mbsf, density, NGR, and MS are mainly constant. Peaks observed at ~18, ~58, and ~93 mbsf show increases in density, NGR, and MS values and decreases in porosity and strength values. Porosity measured on discrete MAD samples generally outlines a trend that mirrors the bulk density measurements.
, 2017 ; Ruelle et al. , 2021). Cette base de données nationale permet à l'éleveur de saisir chaque semaine les données de son exploitation, de visualiser l'offre d'herbe actuelle selon le concept du Grass Wedge et également de quan-tifier la croissance de l'herbe entre la mesure actuelle et la précédente, ce qui permettra d'anticiper et de « budgétiser » l'herbe sur la semaine à venir. Pour les chercheurs, PastureBase Ireland offre l'opportunité de recueillir des informations sur les pratiques de pâturage des agriculteurs irlandais (chargement, fertilisation, hauteurs d'herbe avant et après le pâturage…), et de disposer d'une base de données conséquente qui regroupe et structure les informations sur la croissance de l'herbe et le pâturage aux niveaux local, régional et national  (Ruelle et al.
En viande de volailles (15,3 millions de tec) et en viande bovine (8,1 millions de tec), la production de l'UE occupait la quatrième position derrière l'Asie, l'Amérique latine et l'Amérique du Nord. Au niveau des échanges commerciaux de produits animaux, l'UE occupe également une place importante, du moins à l'export et pour certaines filières  (Chatellier, 2021). D'après les statistiques issues de la base de données BACI 2 , les exportations (extra-UE) de l'UE-28 en produits animaux (toutes catégories confondues) se sont élevées à 38 milliards d'euros en 2019, soit 22 % du total mondial. Le poids de l'UE-28 dans les exportations mondiales (en valeur) était cependant beaucoup plus fort pour la viande porcine (43 %) et les produits laitiers (35 %) que pour les autres types de viandes (tableau 1).
Between 2013 and 2017, after we had conducted our study, birdwatchers recorded new, opportunistic Ringed Kingfisher observations on the Karunati database (accessed on 10 May 2019). We retrieved the observation locations reported by the observers from the Karunati database to reinforce our own observations and increase our sample size for our statistical analyses. We hence assumed each observation represented a different Ringed Kingfisher, a likely met assumption given the relatively large distance between the different observations (mean = 7. 1 km, range = 2. 2-12. 2). During our surveys, we also made anecdotal observations of adult Ringed Kingfishers bringing prey to their chicks and identified the prey species. We described the local environmental conditions of the Ringed Kingfisher habitat along the sampled rivers with four ecological variables.
After excluding these rivers, our final analysis consisted of 899 km of river habitat available to Ringed Kingfishers (including 395 km of the 44 rivers sampled), split into 1,068 segments. We recorded a total of 47 Ringed Kingfisher locations. From these observations, we tentatively assessed the number of different individuals to be 16: 12 singletons and 2 couples. After completing our study, 13 new Ringed Kingfisher observations were recorded by birdwatchers between 2013 and 2017 (Fig. 1 a ). These additional locations aligned with our observation that Ringed Kingfisher avoid polluted river segments (Fig. 1 a ). We overlaid the data on Ringed Kingfisher distribution with the map of chlordecone contamination risk (Fig. 1 a ) and forest habitat (Fig. 1 b ). Our results suggest that Ringed Kingfishers are found (1) outside of high chlordecone contamination areas (> 80% polluted, Classes 4 and 5 of chlordecone contamination risk) and (  2 ) mostly in the ombrophilous forest.
Acknowledgments This work was supported by the  National Park of Guadeloupe, DEAL Guadeloupe  (the  Regional Department of Environment) , and  AEVA. We thank  Stéphane Di Mauro  for prey identification,  Gavin Hunt  for editing the English, and an anonymous reviewer for constructive comments. We thank  Shirley Dolo  for the Spanish version of the summary. We acknowledge the insightful and extensive help of  Alice McBride  who greatly improved our manuscript. PV designed the study, carried out fieldwork, and wrote the paper. AF made all maps and extracted the data for analysis using GIS. PF and CP helped shape the report, and CB performed the statistical analysis, wrote their interpretation, and contributed to the writing.
They may include small melt and fluid volumes (sills and crystal mushes), cooling dykes, faults, altered rocks, and circulating hydrothermal fluids. Geophysical techniques serve to reveal clues about the internal structure of volcanic edifices and allow us to monitor possible changes. The measurements are commonly obtained using sensors at Earth's surface. The inversion of geophysical datasets is, however, dependent on the heterogeneity of the underlying crust built up from layers of variable thickness, lateral extent, and petrophysical properties. Thus for robust data interpretation, the relationship between the physical properties of subsurface rocks and their link to geophysical measurements must be constrained by accurate laboratory measurements. Seismic tomography utilises variations in seismic velocities, which in turn depend on a variety of factors such as spatially varying lithology, fluid and melt fraction, temperature, and anisotropy  [Lees 2007 ].
The density of these samples ranges from 1. 9 to 2. 2 g cm -3 in the vesicular "A" (Plaine des Sables) samples and from 2. 1 to 2. 6 g cm -3 in the vesicular "B" (Bellecombe) samples. These vesicular rocks fall in or are slightly above the range of porosity and density documented in dense modern subaerial lavas of PdF  [Thivet et al. 2020 ]. Total porosity is only as low as 0. 09-0. 13 in the dense (2. 9 g cm -3 ) plagioclase-rich blocks of the Plaine des Sables unit (samples A03 and A04) and is 0. 10-0. 17 in the intrusive micro-gabbro (density = 2. 7-2. 6 g cm -3 ) and the olivine-rich micro-troctolites (density = 2. 9-3. 0 g cm -3 ) of the Bellecombe unit. In our dataset (Table  A1 ), the A02 lava sample represents the most porous and least dense sample, and the Piton des Neiges dyke and the B04 dolerite microtroctolite sample are the least porous and most dense samples (Figure  5 ).
A peak stress can then be observed, which is followed by a stress drop. It is during this stress drop that microcracks coalesce to form a macroscopic fracture. Figure  8  and Figure  9  show plots of uniaxial compressive stress (UCS) and Young's modulus, respectively, as a function of connected porosity. The UCS and Young's modulus of the samples collected ranges from ~15 to ~390 MPa and ~2 to ~70 GPa, respectively. The average strength and Young's modulus are highest in the dense Piton des Neiges dyke and PdF microtroctolite samples, and are lowest in the vesicular lavas (Figure  8  and Figure  9 ; Table  A1 ). However, and despite their low porosity, the strength and Young's modulus is also very low in the granular micro-gabbros. These data show that UCS and Young's modulus decrease non-linearly as a function of increasing poros-   A  ).
2019 ]. We also note that an increase in effective pressure (i. e. depth) will likely increase the P-wave velocity of the studied volcanic rocks [e. g. Vinciguerra et al. 2005; Benson et al. 2006; Stanchits et al. 2006; Nara et al. 2011 ]. Nevertheless, the methods used herein are a standard way to assess these physical and mechanical properties and, as shown in Figure  10 , we benefit from the ease of comparison with pre-existing datasets. However, and also due to the scale-dependence of these physical properties, we urge caution when directly comparing these data with those collected using geophysical field methods.
2016]. At PdF, the olivine-rich oceanite lavas formed by the remobilisation of olivine-rich cumulates can be treated as a physical analogue of the dunitic bodies at Kīlauea. However, drilling and geophysical data suggest that their volume at shallow level is likely to be small. Petrological studies of both PdN and PdF show that large intrusive bodies are often gabbroic and not dunitic and that ultramafic (dunite-wherlite) units occur in the lower part of the hypovolcanic bodies (Figure  11 ). This is a consequence of the evolved average composition of the magmas injected at shallow level in the crustal section of La Réunion, which is thinner than at Hawaiian volcanoes  [Boudoire et al. 2019 ]. Our experimental dataset shows that gabbros are comparatively weak because of their high density of microfractures and cleavage of the primary minerals.
Acknowledgements This project was funded by  ANR national French project " SlideVOLC " (https://anr. fr / Project -ANR-16- CE 4-4 ,  18. 07. 2019 ). ADM was supported by a  CAS (Center for Advanced Studies)  fellowship for his work at  LMU laboratory. MJH thanks  Thierry Reuschlé. DBD  acknowledges the support of  ERC 2018 ADV  Grant  834225  (EAVESDROP). We thank  L. M. Rossetti  and  F. Di Traglia  whose insightful reviews significantly improved the clarity of the manuscript and  J. Browning  for handling the review process.
La transition agroécologique des systèmes d'élevage en zone herbagère nous amène à mieux concilier deux disciplines complémentaires que sont l'écologie et l'agronomie. Le fort recul de la prairie permanente, malgré les enjeux environnementaux qu'elle représente, ont amené le Conservatoire botanique national des Pyrénées et de Midi-Pyrénées (CBNPMP) et l'Institut national de recherche pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (INRAE) de Toulouse à rassembler, dans une base de données régionale, des traits de vie d'espèces prairiales, nécessaires au calcul d'indices agroécologiques. Cette base de données regroupe, pour chacune des espèces (768), des attributs issus de la phytosociologie et de l'écologie d'une part et d'une approche fonctionnelle des végétations pour l'agronomie d'autre part.
À partir d'un relevé phytosociologique, ces attributs permettent de calculer des indices nécessaires à une meilleure gestion agroécologique des prairies permanentes. Initialement conçus pour le territoire de Midi-Pyrénées, ces indices sont pour la plupart d'entre eux suffisamment génériques pour être utilisés dans d'autres régions françaises. Cette base de données est évolutive et nous donnons les règles de construction de chaque attribut afin que les futurs utilisateurs puissent compléter la liste pour renseigner de nouvelles espèces. Elle est accessible sous licence ouverte et dans un format Excel.
Nous proposons ici, sur une liste d'espèces végétales régionales établie par le Conservatoire botanique national des Pyrénées et de Midi-Pyrénées (CBNPMP) sur la base de plus de 2000 relevés phytosociologiques, de poser des attributs permettant le calcul d'indices agronomiques et écologiques. Aisément calculables à partir de cette base de données, ces indices, au travers de la feuille de calcul (FlorealIndices), permettent aux gestionnaires de s'approprier des concepts d'agronomes et d'écologues afin de réaliser des plans de gestion conciliant les deux disciplines. Nous en donnons une illustration au travers de la préservation d'un papillon, le Damier de la Succise (Prud'homme et  Theau, 2017). La consultation de la base de données des prairies permanentes de Midi-Pyrénées montre que les prairies à Succise, espèce végétale nécessaire à la reproduction du Damier, se retrouvent dans deux alliances phytosociologiques (Juncion acutiflori et Bromion racemosi), aux caractéristiques agronomiques et environnementales très différentes.
). Ces naturalistes utilisent généralement la technique du relevé phytosociologique  (Guinochet, 1973 ; Gillet, 2000)  à des fins de description des habitats. Nous proposons donc, à partir de ces listes exhaustives de végétation, de calculer ces indices agroécologiques qui viennent compléter la description des habitats par des indicateurs agronomiques et écologiques. Pour ce faire, nous avons donc rassemblé dans une même base de données FlorealData (https://doi. org/10. 15454/ADCQHT) les attributs nécessaires à ces calculs pour l'ensemble des espèces rencontrées dans les prairies de Midi-Pyrénées identifiées par le CBNPMP.
Méthodologie La base de données d'espèces (768) a été construite sur la base de plus de 2000 relevés phytosociologiques réalisés en Midi-Pyrénées sur prairies permanentes par le Conservatoire botanique national des Pyrénées et de Midi-Pyrénées et ses partenaires. Il s'agit de prairies permanentes sans connaissance ou indice de semis. Nous avons associé à cette base de données des traits biologiques qui nous permettent de calculer des indices agroécologiques. Ils ont plusieurs origines. Pour les graminées, il s'agit d'une typologie fonctionnelle établie par  Cruz et al. (2010). Pour les autres espèces, il s'agit de traits relevés dans plusieurs bases de données que nous avons cherché à rassembler ici. Les traits nécessaires pour calculer ces indices s'inspirent, pour les graminées, de travaux développés par l'INRAE de Toulouse sur une typologie fonctionnelle des graminées prairiales  (Cruz et al.
, 2010). Les graminées issues de différentes localisations de Midi-Pyrénées ont été cultivées en collection afin de mesurer leur potentiel en situations non limitantes d'eau et de nutriments. Les principales graminées ont été réparties en 7 classes fonctionnelles. Parmi elles, deux concernent des annuelles (E), que nous avons subdivisées en (Ec) pour les annuelles cultivées comme le Ray Grass italien et (Es) pour les annuelles spontanées comme le Brome mou. Pour les espèces non graminéennes, nous avons utilisé des informations issues de Flora Gallica  (Tison et De Foucault, 2014)  pour la taille adulte et le début de la floraison, de BASEFLOR  (Julve, 1998)  pour le type biologique, de FLOREALPES (Le Driant, 2020) pour la couleur des fleurs. La base de données est appelée à évoluer au fil des relevés, du fait de l'incrémentation des espèces.
Contenu La base de données, dans sa première version, possède 768 espèces identifiées en Midi-Pyrénées par le CBNPMP et 11 variables : deux identifiants des espèces : le nom valide de l'espèce retenu dans le référentiel taxref version 12 et le cdref qui est la codification de ce nom retenu ; neuf traits présentés dans le tableau 2, qui nous indique leur lien aux indices agroécologiques (Prud'homme et  Theau, 2019 ; Theau et al. , 2019).
En Midi-Pyrénées, l'abondance moyenne des espèces natives répondant à ce critère dans les prairies permanentes est de 36 % avec des variables extrêmes allant de 0 à 79 %. Ces neuf attributs, que nous avons cherché à regrouper dans une seule base de données, permettent donc, au travers de la feuille FlorealIndices, de calculer automatiquement des indices agroécologiques à partir du relevé de végétation.
Conclusion Cette base de données est issue d'une collaboration étroite entre le CBNPMP et l'INRAE. Elle permet, tant aux agronomes qu'aux écologues, de s'approprier des indicateurs propres à chacune des disciplines. Sa mise à disposition permet aux utilisateurs, en particulier les gestionnaires, de calculer des indices agroécologiques objectifs, tels qu'ils ont été définis (Prud'homme et  Theau, 2019 ; Theau et al. , 2019). La feuille de calcul FlorealIndices permet d'automatiser ces calculs à partir du relevé botanique. Elle permet de prolonger le traitement des nombreux relevés phytosociologiques qui existent au sein des CBN et qui traditionnellement sont réalisés pour déterminer des types de végétations et d'habitats. Ces nouveaux indices permettent donc de les revisiter en favorisant l'hybridation des connaissances agronomiques et environnementales.