dataesr/scientific-paragraphs-categorization huggingface dataset:
The Study We collected data by completing standardized forms with data gathered through interviews and medical examination of all gold miners and by reviewing the health center records. All employees of the mine were examined by a physician and screened by nasopharyngeal Panbio COVID-19 Ag Rapid Test device (Abbott Laboratories, https://www. abbott. com) if they were symptomatic; all miners underwent SARS-CoV-2 PCR EurobioPlex SARS-CoV-2 Multiplex (Eurobio Scientifi c, https://www. eurobio-scientifi c. com) testing on June 2, 2021. All employees were reassessed on June 8 and 15, 2021; those with negative results were rescreened by PCR. We performed serologic tests on blood specimens collected from 39 gold miners whether PCR was negative or positive. Serum samples were initially tested with anti-SARS-CoV-2 ELISA IgG (Euroimmun, https://www.
Acknowledgments We acknowledge the contribution of  Julien Tedi ,  Flore Lapauw , and  Laura Verger ; the  Regional Health Agency of French Guiana (Agence régionale de la Santé de Guyane) ; the  Public Health Agency in French Guiana  ( Santé Publique France Guyane ); the logistics of the delocalized prevention and care centers (CDPS);  Sébastien Teissier  and his team; the  CDPS team of Cacao and Regina , especially  Malika Miguel  and  Solenn Ferelloc ; the coordinators of CDPS; the directors of  Cayenne Hospital; the laboratory team of Cayenne Hospital ; and the  Pasteur Institute of French Guiana. Moreover, we thank the mine manager and all his employees for their help in the investigation of this cluster.
In all cases, 10-15 images were taken for each sample and from multiple sections at least 200 m apart using an Aperio CS2 Digital Scanner and Aperio ImageScope software (Leica Biosystems Imaging Inc, San Diego, CA, USA) and Leica Microscope DM5500B (Leica Microsystems, Wetzlar, Germany) with LAS V4. 4 software. To assess recombination efficiency through YFP detection, tissue was fixed in 4% methanol-free paraformaldehyde for 2 hours and incubated at 4°C. Post-fixation, samples were incubated in 30% sucrose overnight at 4°C, embedded in cryomatrix (ThermoFisher Scientific), and sectioned to 6 µm using a Shandon cryostat (ThermoFisher Scientific). YFP expression was determined natively without the use of immunostaining. The percent of YFP+ cells was determined by calculating the total area positive for YFP over the total tissue area.
Statistical Analysis Data was analyzed using either a Student's t-test (unpaired, two-tailed), one-way ANOVA or two-way ANOVA with a Tukey's post hoc test on GraphPad Prism 6 software. Repeated measures two-way ANOVA with a Tukey's post hoc test was used for weight loss over time. In all cases, data is shown with individual samples and error bars representing the mean  standard error (SE). P value <0. 05 was considered significant.
Acknowledgements The authors wish to acknowledge the ongoing support of several national research funding agencies for this work including the  Canadian Institutes of Health Research  (MOP# PJT166029 ), the  Cancer Research Society of Canada  and the  Rob Lutterman Foundation for Pancreatic Cancer Research. This work would not be possible without specific support from a  London Regional Cancer Centre Catalyst Grant , co-supported by  Mr. Keith Sammit  and an internal bridge grant from the  University of Western Ontario. NA and JT were funded by studentships from the  Ontario Graduate Scholarships and Cancer Research and Technology Training (CaRTT) program. MK was supported by an  NSERC  summer studentship. JS was supported by  National Cancer Institute of the National Institutes of Health  under award number  K08CA234222.
Statistical Analysis Data were checked for normality using the Shapiro-Wilk test and variance using Levene's test. Data were expressed as mean ± SD and all analyses were completed on raw data and delta-changed data to eliminate the effect of baseline differences. A p-value < 0. 05 was considered to be statistically significant. For groups showing statistical differences, an effect size was calculated, with 0. 2 being considered a "small" effect size, 0. 5 being considered a "medium" effect size and 0. 8 a "large" effect size  [52]. All statistical analyses were completed using IBM SPSS package version 22 (IBM Corporation, Chicago, IL, USA). Any differences between individual baseline values for all variables for both different drinks and different trial numbers were determined using one-way ANOVA.
As the population ages, understanding how to maintain older adults' cognitive abilities is essential. Bilingualism has been linked to higher cognitive reserve, better performance in executive control, changes in brain structure and function relative to monolinguals, and delay in dementia onset. Learning a second language thus seems a promising avenue for cognitive enhancement in older adults. Our review aims to determine whether learning a foreign language in later life improves cognition and promotes neuroplasticity. We screened articles from the Pubmed, Scopus, and Science Direct databases to identify interventional studies using second language training in senior participants, including either cognition or neuroimaging as outcome measures. A total of nine articles were found, with only one neuroimaging study.
Search Strategy Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) model, we conducted the literature search using the following key word combinations in the Pubmed, Scopus and Science Direct databases up until November 12th, 2020: "language learning"/"second language"/"foreign language"/"second language learning"/"foreign language learning"/and "older adults"/"seniors"/"elderly"/"third age. " In each of the databases searched, the filter for article type was used, excluding review articles, book chapters, conference papers, and abstracts. For Science Direct and Scopus, when using the keyword "seniors, " "high school, " "college, " and "university, " the AND NOT command was used in order to avoid studies with younger adults. Four additional articles were identified through ResearchGate.
Quantitative variables fulfilling the logit linearity assumption were incorporated without modification, or otherwise categorized. The relevance of the model was assessed using Pearson's residual and deviance tests, and its quality by means of a receiver operating characteristic curve. To test the correlation between the GSS score and continuous variables, Spearman's rho was calculated. A supervised discretization will be performed with a decision tree to identify thresholds for the GSS variable. Statistical analysis was conducted using R software (version 3. 2. 2, rpart package). Values of p < 0. 05 were considered indicative of significance.
14 In addition, the French CANIBIO study, using the national SNIIRAM database, found no difference in risk of lymphoma with TNFblocker treatment as compared with other biological agents (HR 0. 86, 95% CI 0. 42 to 1. 77, p=0. 67). 15 Finally, according to a recent Swedish cohort study based on nationwide registers, biologic agents might even reduce the risk of lymphoma in patients with RA (adjusted HR 0. 69, 95% CI 0. 47 to 1. 00). 16 However, we cannot exclude a bias linked to the exclusion of biologic agents in more at-risk patients. Thus, to date, no study has demonstrated a deleterious role of treatments in RA-associated lymphomagenesis, and additional data are needed. The aim of the present work was to study the characteristics of B-cell NHL and Hodgkin's lymphoma complicating RA and to identify among clinical, biological and treatment patterns, the factors associated with lymphomagenesis.
Collected data In addition to information on characteristics of lymphomas, data were collected on patients' demographic, clinical and radiological features as well as autoantibody status (rheumatoid factor (RF) and anticitrullinated peptide antibody (ACPA) positivity). Disease activity was assessed by the last value of DAS28-ESR measured in the year before the diagnosis of lymphoma and was compared with the DAS28-ESR value at the 10-year ESPOIR visit for controls. Severity was defined qualitatively by the presence of structure damage (at least one erosion) on hand and feet radiographs, at the diagnosis of lymphoma for cases and at the 10-year ESPOIR visit for controls. For cases, the presence of erosion was assessed on radiography full written results. For controls, radiographs were analysed by two trained readers with blinding to patients' clinical data and providing the results both quantitatively and qualitatively; for the purpose of this study, we considered only the qualitative description of structural damage in controls.
All treatments received during the RA course and before lymphoma diagnosis, including glucocorticoids, conventional synthetic disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (csDMARDs) and biologic agents, were recorded. For controls, because patients were followed up in the ESPOIR cohort since an early stage of their disease, all known RA treatments were collected from baseline until the 10-year visit. For both cases and controls, there was no minimum duration required to report the exposure to a given treatment. Those data were collected for cases from a case report form, which was completed by the physician in charge of the patient. For controls, data were collected and available in the ESPOIR database.
Rheumatoid arthritis Rheumatoid arthritis Rheumatoid arthritis Only two previous studies showed RA activity as a risk factor of lymphoma. 5 6 Here, we confirmed this assumption. However, measuring activity at a single time is an obvious limitation. Hence, our demonstration that severity of RA measured by radiographic assessment, which well reflects long-term disease activity, is associated with risk of lymphoma may have clinical implications, such as a closer surveillance of these patients with structural damage. In conclusion, this national multicentre case-control study, comparing 54 cases of lymphoma complicating RA with 108 controls, confirms the data in the literature regarding the characteristics of these lymphomas. It also confirms the role of disease activity and provides reassuring information regarding MTX and biologic agent safety in RA.
Acknowledgements The authors acknowledge the  French Society of Rheumatology (SFR) , the ESPOIR cohort,  CRI-Imidiate Network , and patients and physicians from the following centres who participated in the study:  Bicêtre Hospital  ( Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, AP-HP), Amiens-Picardie University Hospital (Amiens), Angers University Hospital (Angers ),  Fondation Hopale  ( Berck-sur-Mer ),  Jean Minjoz Hospital (Besançon) ,  Jean Verdier Hospital (Bondy, AP-HP), Bordeaux-Pellegrin University Hospital (Bordeaux), Cavale Blanche Hospital (Brest), Dubois Hospital (Brive-la-Gaillarde), Gabriel Montpied Hospital (Clermont-Ferrand), Salengro Hospital (Lille), Pierre Bénite Hospital (Lyon), Lapeyronie Hospital (Montpellier), Bichat Hospital (Paris, AP-HP), Cochin Hospital (Paris, AP-HP), Diaconesses-Croix Saint-Simon Hospital (Paris), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital (Paris, AP-HP), Saint-Antoine Hospital (Paris ,  AP-HP ),  Rochefort Hospital (Rochefort), Bois-Guillaume Hospital (Rouen), Hautepierre Hospital (Strasbourg) ,  Purpan University Hospital (Toulouse) ,  Trousseau University Hospital (Tours).
The authors also acknowledge  Dr Vincent Thomas de Montpréville  (pathologist in  Marie Lannelongue Hospital ) for providing additional histological information. ESPOIR cohort: an unrestricted grant from  Merck Sharp and Dohme (MSD)  was allocated for the first 5 years. Two additional grants from  INSERM  were obtained to support part of the biological database. The  French Society of Rheumatology, AbbottAbbvie, Amgen and WyethPfizer, Lilly , Fresenius and Galapagos also supported the ESPOIR cohort study. We also thank  Nathalie Rincheval  for expert monitoring and data management and all the investigators who recruited and followed the patients (F BERENBAUM, Paris-Saint Antoine; MC BOISSIER,  Paris-Bobigny ;  A CANTAGREL ,  A CONSTANTIN , Toulouse; B COMBE, Montpellier;  M DOUGADOS ,  Paris-Cochin ;  P FARDELONNE ,  P BOUMIER , Amiens;  B FAUTREL ,  P BOURGEOIS ,  Paris-La Pitié ; RM FLIPO, Lille; Ph.
In this process, we excluded in vitro or in vivo studies, genetic studies, and conference abstracts. The search was restricted to studies in humans. Four investigators did the search and manually screened the data. HK, JS, and SL separately extracted data, and KHL double-checked to determine whether the eligible articles met the inclusion criteria. The final search was carried out on May 24, 2020, and excluded 544 overlapping or duplicated data sets. We first excluded duplicate articles and then labeled all the articles by examining titles, abstracts, and full texts in order. From 806 articles, a total of 31 case series with 3768 patients were included for the primary outcome. A flow-chart of literature search is presented in Figure  1.
Analysis of included studies In this current review, descriptions of the lungs of COVID-19 infected patients based on CT scans reported in the studies were accessed. Studies only describing saturation and chest X-ray findings were not included when the diagnosis was not mentioned, and no CT scan was performed. Each case series is described in Table  S4 -S5. We organized the data of the patients' characteristics, including age, sex, comorbidities, the period between symptom onset and admission/CT scan, clinical presentations, laboratory findings and types of treatments for analyses.
In this study, we evaluated anti-hTERT T cell responses, at diagnosis or along disease course, in different groups of CLL patients, including watch and wait patients, patients intended to be treated by ibrutinib as first-line treatment, and patients intended to receive other types of treatment. Correlations with treatment received and progression-free survival were determined. Data obtained suggest that anti-hTERT T cell responses at diagnosis and along disease course represent a new potential biomarker predictive of CLL disease progression.
The Immunospot settings used were a sensitivity of 174, background balance of 40, spot separation of 5, and spot size minimum of 0. 0032 to maximum of 10. 7980 mm 2. These parameters were optimized for resolution and accurate enumeration of spots (up to a maximum of 1000 spots/well) and fixed for all experiments performed. Raw data included images for each well for visual quality checking and the corresponding spot counts per well. The number of antigen-specific T cells, expressed as SFC per 1. 10 5 cells, was calculated as the median of triplicates performed after subtracting unstimulated control values. Only samples associated with at least 10 IFN -SFC/10 5 cells in the positive controls (anti-CD3 stimulation) were considered for subsequent analyses ( n = 8 HD and n = 48 CLL patients). Responses were considered positive when a minimum of 10 IFN -SFC/10 5 cells were counted and at least a 2-fold increase above unstimulated control values was measured (responder patients, R).
Flow cytometry Multiple-parameter flow cytometry analyses were performed on HD and CLL PBMCs at thawing (D-1) and at the end of the 9 day prestimulation (D9), using reagents and antibodies listed in Table  A2. Briefly, cells were incubated in PBS, 0. 5 mM EDTA, 2% human serum for 30 min at 4 °C to block Fc receptors prior to incubation with antibodies. Cell populations were phenotyped using labeled antibodies to CD19, CD3, CD4, CD8, PD-1, Tim-3, CD69, CCR7 and CD45RA. A cell viability marker was added to discriminate live versus dead cells. Cells were acquired on MACSQuant Analyzer 10 (Miltenyi). Results were analyzed with FlowJo software (TreeStar, Inc).
Acknowledgments We thank  Nathalie Rousseau  from the  Tumorothèque Caen Basse Normandie (Caen)  and  Dr Céline Pangault  and  Dr Mireille Desille-Dugast  from the  Centre de Ressources Biologiques Santé of the Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Pontchaillou (Rennes)  for providing CLL samples and associated clinical parameters. We also thank  Pr Olivier Adotévi  from the  CHU of Besançon (Besançon)  for providing nivolumab.
Firstly, we achieved our main objective; the model was evaluated by our participants as a tool for learning LIHR and basic laparoscopy skills. The participants had a good opinion of our manual and our model, regardless of their level of expertise and their surgical specialty. In this study, we recorded data concerning our creation of the model, the performance of the procedure and the users' level of satisfaction. Despite the apparent common-sense validity, our study design prevented us from formally validating the model or confirming its ability to train surgeons effectively. The participants considered that the procedure was moderately difficult to perform, and the suturing was a little more difficult. The residents took significantly longer to perform the simulated procedure. This disparity can be explained by the fact that suturing is the most technically difficult procedure and by the difference in the level of expertise between the two groups.
Acknowledgments  Breaud J, MD PhD ,  Department of Pediatric Surgery, Lenval University Hospital, Nice ,  France Talon I, MD PhD ,  Department of Pediatric Surgery, Strasbourg University Hospital, Strasbourg ,  France Fourcade L, MD PhD ,  Department of Pediatric Surgery, Limoges University Hospital, Limoges, France Balhouey Q, MD, Department of Pediatric Surgery, Limoges University Hospital, Limoges ,  France Schmitt F, MD PhD ,  Department of Pediatric Surgery, Angers University Hospital, Angers ,  France Abbo O, MD PhD ,  Department of Pediatric Surgery, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse ,  France De Van Der Vecken E, Department of Pediatric Surgery, HUDERF, Brussels, Belgium.
Acknowledgements The authors would like to thank all the students participating in the present study for their contribution to the success of the experimental protocol, their patience and their collaboration. The authors also thank the higher institute of sport and physical education of Sfax and medicine faculty of sousse for having provided all the evaluation material necessary for the evaluation of the physical qualities of the participants and for the fact that they put at our disposal the athletics field and the indoor team sports hall for the duration of the protocol. Ben Mansour  et al. BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation (2021) 13:150.
Statistical analysis: Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS v20 software and SAS software for the mixed model. Concerning the organizational part, descriptive analysis was performed on all of the collected variables in order to describe the profile of the participants, the maternity units and professional practices. Quantitative variables were expressed as average and standard deviation, median, minimum and maximum. Categorical variables were expressed as numbers or percentages. Correlation between different variables was tested with Chi-square tests. Results were compared according to the level of maternity unit. Threshold for significance was set at 5% for all tests. Concerning the clinical case part, an average score out of 10 was given for each of the 3 clinical cases, as well as an average total score (out of 10).
Statistical Analysis Statistical analyses were performed using GraphPad 8 Prism Software. Data distribution was assessed using the Shapiro-Wilk normality test. A one-sample t-test or Wilcoxon test was done when the values displayed a normal distribution or not, respectively. When indicated, the statistical analyses between two groups were compared using the Student's t-test or the Mann-Whitney test when values were parametric or non-parametric, respectively. Data are presented as mean ± SEM.
Funding: We gratefully acknowledge the  Agence Nationale pour la Recherche  for support of the national infrastructure: " ECELLFRANCE: Development of a national adult mesenchymal stem-cellbased therapy platform " ( ANR-11-INSB-005 ) and funding from the  Association des Sclérodermiques de France , the  Société Nationale Française de Médecine Interne , and from  Groupama. Institutional Review Board Statement: All procedures were approved by the  French Ministry of Research and Innovation  and the Personal Data Protection Ethics Committee (CPP; approval AC-2010-1200), and patients gave written informed consent.
In the fight against the COVID-19 pandemic, lockdowns have succeeded in limiting contagions in many countries, at however heavy societal costs: more targeted non-pharmaceutical interventions are desirable to contain or mitigate potential resurgences. Contact tracing, by identifying and quarantining people who have been in prolonged contact with an infectious individual, has the potential to stop the spread where and when it occurs, with thus limited impact. The limitations of manual contact tracing (MCT), due to delays and imperfect recall of contacts, might be compensated by digital contact tracing (DCT) based on smartphone apps, whose impact however depends on the app adoption. To assess the efficiency of such interventions in realistic settings, we use here datasets describing contacts between individuals in several contexts, with high spatial and temporal resolution, to feed numerical simulations of a compartmental model for COVID-19.
State-of-the-art datasets of this kind were collected and made public over the years by several research efforts, in particular by two independent collaborations  37, 46  who have used 3 proximity sensors and smartphones in specific communities (such as among university students) and in highly relevant social contexts such as workplaces, schools and hospitals. These empirical data are temporally resolved and exhibit all the complex structural and temporal complex features mentioned above. 20, 35, 36, 47  Th y represent thus an important benchmark for realistic simulations of epidemic processes and interventions. We note that these data have been recently used  33  to derive parameters for the approach described in Ref. ,  22  and to determine -within that approachwhich app-based contact tracing policies might be most effective.
Results We model an outbreak of COVID-19 by means of a compartmental model 5 in which individuals can be in a series of discrete states describing the unfolding of the disease (see Figure  1  and Methods for details and parameter values). Susceptible (healthy) individuals (S), upon contact with infectious ones, can contract the disease and first enter the exposed (non infectious) state (E) and then a pre-symptomatic infectious state (I p ). Pre-symptomatic individuals can remain asymptomatic during the whole infectious phase (I a ), with probability p a , or they can develop either mild or severe symptoms (I m or I s ), with respective probabilities p m and 1p ap m. The infectious state leads to recovery R (or death) after a typical time. We simulate the model on empirical data describing time-resolved, close-range proximity interactions of individuals in two relevant settings: a community of students (SD, in the following), and an office (OD, in the following).
The SD dataset describes the network of physical proximity among a population of more than 700 university students over a period of four weeks. The dataset was collected as part of the larger Copenhagen Networks Study,  37, 48  in which each participant was equipped with a smartphone and required to install a data collection software. These devices were set to be permanently discoverable by Bluetooth and scanned for nearby Bluetooth devices at five minute intervals. Proximity was assessed by measuring the Received Signal Strength (RSSI) of Bluetooth signals from nearby devices: a high RSSI means that the two devices are physically close, a low measure indicates that devices are further apart or that there are obstacles in between. 49 The OD dataset was collected in an office workplace staffed with about 200 people that agreed to wear for several days wearable proximity sensors while in the workplace;  46, 50  these sensors used low-power radio communication as a proxy for the close-range proximity of individuals wearing the devices.