dataesr/scientific-paragraphs-categorization huggingface dataset:
3 eV  24  and RPBE, Θ i = 60 • and E i ≈ 2. 3 eV). These points are in relatively good agreement with the static surface data calculated from the interpolated PESs. Furthermore, a similar level of agreement was found 47 between static-surface AIMD calculations and calculations performed on the PW91-and the RPBE-PES, at least for the incidence conditions for which we report AIMD data here. These findings suggest that the (computationally cheaper) PES-based results can be employed as a static surface reference to assess the effect of surface temperature in both AIMD and GLO calculations. At normal incidence, AIMD and GLO reaction probabilities are generally larger than static surface reaction FIG. 2. Dissociation probabilities as a function of the collision energy from PES-based static-surface (black circles) and GLO calculations (red triangles), and from AIMD calculations (green diamonds).
9 eV top and E i = 2. 3 eV bottom). The first, second and third columns present the X and Y positions of the center of mass of the molecules, θ distributions and φ distributions, respectively. PBE-AIMD data are plotted as large black symbols (for the X, Y positions) and as black bars (for the θ and φ distributions), while PW91-GLO data are plotted as small green symbols (for the X, Y positions) and as green bars (for the θ and φ distributions). probabilities that are much higher than the static surface trapping-mediated dissociation probabilities, while for the same initial conditions the GLO and the static surface models return basically identical indirect dissociation probabilities. We have investigated whether the initial distortion of the lattice as included in AIMD could be a reason for this difference, considering that both models account for energy dissipation to phonons.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The Leiden group thanks the  Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research, NWO)  and the  European Research Council  for supporting this research through a  TOP grant  and a  ERC-2013  advanced grant (Grant No. 338580 ), respectively. NWO Exacte Wetenschappen, EW (NWO Physical Sciences Division)  is acknowledged for granting access to the Lisa and Cartesius supercomputers. O. G. , R. D. M. , and M. A. acknowledge financial support by the  Basque Departamento de Educación, Universidades e Investigación , the  University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU  (Grant No. IT-756-13 ) and the  Spanish Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad  (Grant No. FIS2013-48286-C2-2-P ). O. G. acknowledges the  IDEX Bordeaux  (No. ANR-10-IDEX-03-02 ) and Euskampus for fundings.
The scan settings used were: 210 kVp, 587 μA, 250 ms exposure, 3142 projections acquired during a full 360°rotation using an average of 2 frames per projection. The source-to-object distance was set at 348 mm with a source-to-detector distance of 803 mmresulting in a 86. 6 μm reconstructed voxel resolution. A 4 mm copper pre-filtration was used in addition to 2 mm thick aluminum window that forms part of the target housing. Reconstructions were performed using filtered back projection algorithms implemented within CTPro and CTAgent software packages (Nikon Metrology, UK). All image slices obtained from the scanning were processed using ImageJ (v. 1. 48) and 3D-images were created using the Volume Graphics Studio Max software package. In order to obtain the volume of coral and sediment from each slice, the images were filtered using a 3 × 3 median filter and then based on value (set point in a coral fragment) a threshold was applied to obtain a boundary between coral and surrounding sediment.
Calibrations were conducted using the IntCal13 and Marine13 databases  (Reimer et al. , 2013). Coral samples for U/Th were cleaned following methods described in  Frank et al. (2004). The samples were first briefly cleaned in an ultrasonic bath and rinsed several times with distilled water at room temperature to remove detrital particles. Then the outermost surface of the corals was carefully ground to avoid remains of organic tissue and surface contaminants. This first mechanical cleaning was followed by a weak sanding treatment, an ultrasound treatment and additional rinses with milli-Q water. After adding the triple 229 Th 233 U-236 U spike in a Teflon beaker, the cleaned samples were dissolved with diluted HCl. The U and Th fractions were separated using UTEVA resin (Eichrom Technologies,  Horwitz et al.
Analysis of CT-scan data From the CT-scan image data it is clear that the main coral species participating in the formation of the Darwin Mounds was L. pertusa. This species occurs throughout the cores in a chaotic orientation embedded in the sediment matrix, with no apparent attachment to firm substrata. Other species present include M. oculata, which occurs in both cores generally as a few scattered fragments mixed in with L. pertusa, and to a lesser extent the solitary coral Desmophyllum sp. (Fig. 2 ). Changes in coral density throughout both cores are presented in Figs. 3  and 4. The two cores show slightly different density trends. In core 035 coral density values range between 0 and 19% with peak values reached more towards the top of the core (19% at ~110 cm and ~15% at ~60 cm and ~40 cm).
, 2009). The smaller polyps of M. oculata are suggested to be more efficient in rejecting sediment, hence avoiding clogging better than the large polyped L. pertusa  (Foubert et al. , 2011). Finally, it is worth noting that the coral densities in this study can be considered low in comparison, for example, to the Challenger Mound, where densities above 10% were continuously found over several intervals in the CT-scan data  (Foubert and Henriet, 2009). It is admittedly controversial to compare the small Darwin Mounds to the giant Challenger Mound, which reaches ca. 80 m above seabed and has a total height of ~155 m. Still, it is clear that the Darwin Mounds are a much more sediment-dominated system. The obtained low density values throughout time and constant fluctuations in coral density are likely to reflect that there is a fine balance between sedimentation and erosion in the contourite environment.
, 2013) , which is likely to be reflected in the observed coral density fluctuations in core 035 around 3. 5 ka BP. The last dating also coincides with a particularly strong STG flow dated 3. 6 ka  (Colin et al. , 2010). This potentially was the last adverse event leading to the final dormancy at 3 ka. The weakened SPG also increased in particular the lower flow of the ENAW  (Staines-Urías et al. , 2013) , which is conceivably reflected in data from core 035 as there is a trend of increasing current velocities which are likely to cause physical discomfort to corals as discussed previously. In summary, although this study has successfully placed the formation of the Darwin Mounds into the wider paleoceanographic context of the region, the variability between the cores reflects the necessity of further research, with additional cores, the acquisition of additional dates and perhaps the application of new proxies, such as neodymium to obtain detailed information on the oceanographical changes through time.
Acknowledgments This work was funded by the  NERC MAREMAP programme  and the  ERC   Starting grant  project  CODEMAP  (grant no. 258482 ). Special thanks to  Bob Jones  and  John Ford  for assistance with core splitting. We would also like to extend our gratitude to  Dr. Sharif Ahmed  and  Dr. Samuel Keyes  for their guidance with CT-data processing. The authors would also like to thank  Dr. Laura Robinson , two anonymous reviewers and guest editors  Andres Rüggeberg  and  David Van Rooij  for valuable feedback on the manuscript.
is paper takes the application of international Chinese to foreigners on the Internet as the research object. A variety of features are constructed according to the characteristics of international and foreign Chinese texts and networks. is paper selects three features: dictionary-based sentiment value feature, expression feature, and improved semantic feature. A text sentiment classi cation model is formed by fusing multiple features. Compared with the traditional model and other single-feature models on the self-built dataset, the experimental results show that its sentiment classi cation ability has been e ectively improved. e results show that the accuracy, recall, and F 1 value of the fused multilevel feature MFCNN model are much higher than the accuracy, recall, and F 1 value of other models.
erefore, it is necessary to structure the text first to facilitate the understanding of the algorithm. Methods of comparing mainstream text structuring are bag-of-words model and vector space model. e BW model is a simplified sentiment analysis model, mainly based on natural language. It is mainly composed of words without order and without grammar. e most important thing in this model is the number of occurrences of the word and its weight among all factors. At the same time, it concatenates the bag-of-words models of all documents in the dataset to form a two-dimensional word-document matrix.
Sentiment Analysis of International and Foreign Chinese Texts with Multifeature Fusion Due to the rich content and various forms of Chinese texts, the semantic features only composed of text word vectors cannot fully express the emotional information of Chinese texts. erefore, this paper proposes a text sentiment analysis method based on multifeature fusion. Fusion of multiple features forms a text sentiment classification model MFCNN. e model can learn more dimensional sentiment information of text from the multieigenvector matrix. Compared with the traditional CNN model and other single-feature models on the self-built dataset, the experimental results show that its sentiment classification ability has been effectively improved.
Facial As can be seen from Figure  5 , 47% of the texts in the dataset contain emojis. It shows that nearly half of the microblogs in the dataset contain subjective emotional expressions displayed. 50% of the positive emotion text contained emojis. 42% of negative emotional text contains emojis. Expression features can be constructed based on the multidimensional information of emojis. is includes factors such as extreme emotions, occurrences, and semantic information of emojis. According to the emoticons in the self-built database, 85 emoticons need to be selected for the next step. Expressions can be divided into three different forms: positive, neutral, and negative. ere are 37 positive emotion emojis and 43 negative emotion emojis. For emojis that are ambiguous or have no obvious emotional expression, they can be defined as neutral emotions.
e cumulative distribution function (CDF) is F X (x) � P(X ≤ x). ( 3 ) Figure  6  shows the relationship between the number of emojis and emotion polarity obtained from the statistical dataset. It can be seen from Figure  6  that when there are three or more emojis in the text, the probabilities of expressing positive emotions and expressing negative emotions in this type of text are similar. When there are two or less emojis in the text, the tendency to express negative emotions is slightly higher. When constructing the dataset, the expression words are vectorized through the Word2vec model. e word vector is used as the semantic information for the emoticon and is included in the expression feature.
Analysis of Results. In order to make the fusion multifeature text sentiment analysis method better compare with the traditional high-level method, seven groups of fusion different multilevel feature analysis methods can be designed as comparative experiments. ese seven analysis methods must adopt the fusion method of different characteristics. e text sentiment analysis method used in this paper is mainly based on the Text CNN model. e parameter values of this method are obtained as shown in Figure  8. e maximum length of text reserved is 120. e part of the text whose length exceeds 120 will be discarded, and the part whose length is less than 120 will be filled with 0. Other parameters not in the above table use default values. e comparison results of the 7 groups of models on the binary dataset are shown in Figure  9.
The position of the GRPC telescope in GIF++ is sketched on Fig. 7. In this region the expected photon rate without attenuators is estimated to be of the order of 1. 5 × 10 7. γ. s -1. cm -   [13]. Due to the distance, this rate is reduced by few % for the telescope's chambers further from the source. It can also vary by few % when other setup, located between the telescope and the source are screening the later. In August 2015, before the beginning of the first aging period, a test beam data sample was collected to estimate the initial efficiency of the chambers, shown in Fig. 8. Data samples were collected with source attenuator factors ranging from 3. 3 to 46000 and GRPC HV set to 7 kV. The probability, r c = 0. 31%, for a γ to initiate a cluster in float glass RPC, is obtained with a GEANT4  [14]  based simulation of the telescope.
Study Population The NutriNet-Santé study is a large ongoing web-based cohort that was launched in France in 2009, focusing on the associations between nutrition and health. Involved participants are aged 18+ with Internet access who were recruited from the general population  [37]. All questionnaires were completed online using a dedicated website (www. etude-nutrinet-sante. fr). The NutriNet-Santé study is conducted according to the Declaration of Helsinki guidelines and was approved by the Institutional Review Board of the French Institute for Health and Medical Research (IRB Inserm No. 0000388FWA00005831) and the "Commission Nationale de l'Informatique et des Libertés" (CNIL No. 908450/No. 909216). Electronic informed consent was obtained from each participant (EudraCT No. 2013-000929-31).
Data Collection At baseline and each year thereafter, participants completed five questionnaires on sociodemographic and lifestyle characteristics, anthropometrics, dietary intake, physical activity, and health status. Drugs and/or dietary supplement use (including those containing VitD) was assessed in a detailed questionnaire two months after baseline and in all yearly health questionnaires. As described elsewhere  [38] , a detailed questionnaire collected information on usual sun exposure and Fitzpatrick phototype, and VitD status (total 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration) was measured for 860 participants. A specific questionnaire was sent to all participants starting May 2012 to assess their VitD-related knowledge. Participants were asked if they had ever heard of VitD, what their sources of information are, what the sources of VitD are, what the health effects of VitD are and whether they thought that their VitD status was too low (complete questionnaire in Table  S1 ).
Statistical Analyses Data were weighted in order to obtain a representative sample of the French population in terms of sociodemographic distribution. Sex-specific normalized weighting was calculated using the SAS macro %CALMAR and the 2009 national Census INSEE data  [39]  on age, educational level, area of residence, occupational category, marital status and presence of children in the household. Answers to the VitD questionnaire (N, %) were compared (χ 2 tests) according to sociodemographic characteristics (sex, age, educational level, monthly income per household unit, living area (northern or southern France), size of the urban unit), VitD supplement/drug use, sources of information regarding VitD, VitD status, declared sun exposure and Fitzpatrick phototype. For all analyses (except those for the comparison according to age and sex), unconditional logistic regression models adjusted for age and sex were used.
Acknowledgments: The authors thank all the volunteers of the NutriNet-Santé cohort. We extend special thanks to Younes Esseddik, Paul Flanzy, Yasmina Chelghoum, Than Duong Van, Mac Rakotondrazafy, Nathalie Arnault, Véronique Gourlet, Fabien Szabo, Charlie Ménard, Laurent Bourhis, Stephen Besseau, Cédric Agaesse, Claudia Chahine, Marion Genest and Ludivine Ursule for their technical contribution to the NutriNet-Santé study. We also thank Nathalie Charnaux. and Angela Sutton who performed the measurement of plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration. Mélanie Deschasaux and Philippine Fassier were funded by Ph. D. grants from the Cancéropôle Ile-de-France (public funding from the Région Ile-de-France). The NutriNet-Santé study was supported by the following public institutions: Ministère de la Santé, Institut de Veille Sanitaire (InVS), Institut National de la Prévention et de l'Education pour la Santé (INPES), Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale (FRM), Institut de Recherche en Santé Publique (IRESP), Fondation ARC pour la recherche sur le cancer, Région Ile-de-France (CORDDIM), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers (CNAM) and Université Paris 13.
Extended moss resources: bioinformatics and high throughput data Other benefits of the moss model are the increasing resources on the annotation and bioinformatic level. Gene models for P. patens are available since the sequencing of the genome  (Rensing et al. 2008 ) and implemented in two organismspecific databases: www. cosmoss. org and http://moss. nibb. ac. jp/. Genome annotation is permanently improved  (Zimmer et al. 2013 ). In addition, moss gene models are well integrated in orthology and phylogenomics databases such as PLAZA , KEGG, and OrthoMCL  (Van Bel et al. 2012; Chen et al. 2006; Kanehisa et al. 2014). Comparative studies are also supported by the integration of moss into the Plant Ontology, providing a controlled and structured plant term vocabulary  (Cooper et al. 2013). A curated list of ortholog groups of P.
2014). Moss data on metabolic pathways have been integrated into the Plant Metabolic Network database  (Caspi et al. 2007 ), generating the MossCyc database (http://www. plantcyc. org/). Furthermore, mutants and ecotypes of P. patens as well as F. hygrometrica can be stored and are available from the International Moss Stock Center (IMSC; http://www. moss-stock-center. org/), employing cryo-preservation  (Schulte and Reski 2004). Thus, the search for moss mutants and for the homologs of genes of interest is facilitated and complemented by information on tissue-and development-specific expression as well as functional annotation. Whereas P. patens serves as a reference model, the increasing amount of sequence data on other moss species enables broader analyses including different habitats. 2.
Acknowledgments D. D. G. is supported by a grant overseen by the  French National Research Agency (ANR)  as part of the  "Investissements d'Avenir" program  ( ANR-11-LABX-0002-01 ,  Lab of Excellence ARBRE). Her PhD grant is from the  French MENRT. Additionally , this work was funded by the  Excellence Initiative of the German Federal and State Governments  ( EXC 294 BIOSS  and  GSC-4 ,  Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine). We thank  Anne Katrin Prowse  and  Dr. Hugues Renault  for proofreading the manuscript. We apologize to our colleagues whose work could not be included due to space constraints.
These mosquitoes are distributed in 65 countries in Europe, North Africa, the Black Sea area and Middle East. Morphological descriptors for female identification are used to build a comprehensive database. This morphological database was consequently edited using the computer software Xper 2 , a useful tool to create interactive and easy to use identification keys. Results: This interactive morphological identification key was developed using 57 morphological characters (descriptors): 11 on the head, 15 on the thorax, 9 on wings, 22 on legs and 6 on the abdomen. Geographic distribution is another very useful character where more than one country could be selected. All descriptors have detailed description, along with a picture or an illustration. Priority was to line up the descriptors, considering non-experts will use the tool so characters that are more visible than others come first.
Methods & Materials: FluidSurveys was used to create a user friendly, secure, online data collection tool. Users had the option to provide their contact information, with clear indication that this would permit contact by a public health investigator. A 3-day food history was requested, with prompts for large events (e. g. , PPAG) that were attended. Nominal reports were escalated for followup within two hours of receipt; exposure data from both nominal and non-nominal reports were analysed with other surveillance data sources to identify commons exposures. Data were collated in MS Access and analyzed using SASv9. 3. GastroBusters was piloted during the PPAG and then evaluated after 6 months. Results: Between August 1, 2015 and January 31, 2016, 211 food poisoning reports were submitted through GastroBusters; 79% were not reported by another surveillance data source (e.
However steps must firstly be taken in order to address the veracity, volume and variety of the available data. This poster details our attempt to harvest and transform online disease outbreak reports from Pro-MED mail into reliable and usable data detailing infectious disease outbreaks in humans and animals at a country level. Methods & Materials: ProMED-mail issues reports regarding disease outbreaks as well as requests for information, collegial notifications (conferences, publications) and other information. Unfortunately for the epidemiologist the type of information contained within the report, as viewable through Health Map, is not immediately ascertainable. In addition the information contained within the species field is often unreliable and the location reported is occasionally that of the information source not the outbreak.
The grouping of the reports into disease events allows a more accurate representation of the species affected. The original data did not identify a species in 14% of reports. Our algorithm identified a species in all but 1% of disease events. Conclusion: Our methodology allows the creation of a database documenting the distribution of animal and human disease outbreaks worldwide. We aim to integrate this 'One Health' database with a wealth of other data resources in order to characterise and quantify disease drivers through data modelling techniques. http://dx. doi. org/10. 1016/j. ijid. 2016. 11. 279.
Abstract. A standardized approach for the definition and reporting of vertical resolution of the ozone and temperature lidar profiles contributing to the Network for the Detection for Atmospheric Composition Change (NDACC) database is proposed. Two standardized definitions homogeneously and unequivocally describing the impact of vertical filtering are recommended. The first proposed definition is based on the width of the response to a finite-impulse-type perturbation. The response is computed by convolving the filter coefficients with an impulse function, namely, a Kronecker delta function for smoothing filters, and a Heaviside step function for derivative filters. Once the response has been computed, the proposed standardized definition of vertical resolution is given by z = δz × H FWHM , where δz is the lidar's sampling resolution and H FWHM is the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the response, measured in sampling intervals.
Introduction As part of the Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change (NDACC, website: http://www. ndsc. ncep. noaa. gov/), over 20 ground-based lidar instruments are dedicated to the long-term monitoring of atmospheric composition and to the validation of space-borne measurements of Earth's atmosphere from environmental satellites (e. g. , EOS-Aura, ENVISAT, NPP, the Sentinels). In networks such as NDACC, the instruments use a wide spectrum of methodologies and technologies to measure key atmospheric parameters such as ozone, temperature, and water vapor. One ensuing caveat is the difficulty of archiving measurement and analysis information consistently within such a varied ensemble of passive and active remote-sensing instruments; yet the need for consistent definitions has strengthened as datasets of various origins (e.