dataesr/scientific-paragraphs-categorization huggingface dataset:
A C K N O W L E D G M E N T S This project has received financial support from the CNRS through the 80|Prime program. The authors wish to thank Dr. François-Xavier LEGRAND for providing cyclodextrins. The authors wish to thank the Academic Writing Center, Université Paris-Saclay for English proofreading this article. Open access funding provided by Université Paris-Saclay within the COUPERIN Agreement.
Results and Discussion Melting of phosphorus in the 2. 0-7. 7 GPa pressure range has been studied by in situ electrical resistivity measurements (the results are shown in Fig. 4  as red half-filled stars). The experimental points at 2. 0 and 2. 4 GPa apparently reflect the melting of the orthorhombic allotrope, while all others correspond to the melting of rhombohedral phosphorus. The melting curve of the rhombohedral allotrope exhibits a positive slope of 58 ( 2) K/GPa, indicating a lower density of the melt as compared to the solid phase. Melting of rhombohedral phosphorus was also studied by in-situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction using MAX80 (at 3. 9 and 4. 5 GPa) and SPEED-1500 (at 6. 9 GPa) multianvil presses. The results are shown in Fig. 4  (solid and open squares correspond to rhombohedral solid phase and liquid, respectively) and are in excellent agreement with the data obtained by the electrical resistivity measurements.
4 ) we observed a significant dependence of the transition pressure on temperature, and the slope of this phase boundary was estimated to be -420(70) K/GPa, which allowed us to locate the rhombohedral-liquid 2-simple cubic triple point at about 8. 3 GPa and 1490 K. The study of the melting of simple cubic phosphorus at SPring-8 was a challenging task: in the majority of experiments the appearance of the liquid phase was accompanied by an immediate blowout (the results we were able to obtain are shown in Fig. 4 ). Thermodynamic calculations of phosphorus phase equilibria have been performed based on our experimental and literature data within the framework of the phenomenological thermodynamics. Temperature dependences of the Gibbs energy for white and liquid phosphorus (liquid 1) at ambient pressure were taken from the SGTE database  [21].
For orthorhombic, rhombohedral and simple cubic allotropes, the dependencies of Gibbs energy on temperature and pressure were determined in the form     p wP Vdp bT a G 0 based on the temperature dependence of Gibbs energy of white phosphorus  [21]  by solving the inverse problem using literature data for orthorhombic -rhombohedral  [3]  and our experimental data for rhombohedral -simple cubic (Fig. 4 ) phase boundaries. The coefficients a a and b b are given in Table  1. The molar volumes (V 0 ), 300-K bulk moduli (B 0 ), their first pressure derivatives (B 0 ), and volume thermal expansion coefficients of solid phosphorus allotropes were taken from  [22, 23] ; the pressure dependencies of the molar volumes were represented using the Murnaghan approximation  [24]. Gibbs energy of polymeric liquid phosphorus (liquid 2) as well as molar volumes and bulk moduli of both liquid phosphorus phases were obtained by solving the inverse problem using literature data on the melting of orthorhombic phosphorus  [8].
Acknowledgements The authors thank  Drs. Vladimir A. Mukhanov ,  Kirill A. Cherednichenko ,  Christian Lathe  and  Yoshinori Tange  for assistance with high-pressure experiments. The synchrotron X-ray diffraction studies were performed during the beamtimes allocated to proposals I-20110443 EC at  DESY  and 2017A1047 at SPring-8.
Acknowledgements CJ and LM thank the  Australian Research Council  for funding. Moreover, this material is based upon work supported by the  Air Force Office of Scientific Research  under award number  FA2386-21-1-4048. LM is a senior member of the  Institut Universtaire de France  and thanks the  Humboldt Foundation. Dr Alexandr Simonov  is thanked for a donation of 15 N2.
The sample was inserted into the cell of the device and illuminated by a laser beam (40 mW, λ = 405 nm). The light scattered by the droplets appears as individual spots and recorded by a CCD camera, operating at 30 frames per second, through a microscope. For each sample, measurements were achieved a few minutes after mixing and after 3 h. Each measurement consists of 3 acquisitions of 30 s. Thanks to the NANOSIGHT NTA 2. 0 Analytical Software, the size of each object was then individually deduced from the analysis of its Brownian motion. Measurement are operated at 25°C and calculations of the hydrodynamic diameters were achieved taking the viscosity of the THF/water mixture at this temperature from values reported by Das et al  [33]. Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS). DLS measurements were achieved using a Vascokin DLS device from Cordouan (France) equipped with a contactless remote optical head measuring the scattered intensity from a laser diode (638 nm) at an angle of 170°.
2D 1 H NOESY experiments were carried out using the standard Bruker noesygpph sequence and the following acquisition parameters: mixing time of 500 ms, TD 4k x 128 points, 8 scans. This mixing time was long enough to detect chemical exchange. We used the freeware EXSYcalc (Mestrelab Research, https://mestrelab. com/software/freeware/) to estimate the kinetics constants k 1 and k -1 after integration of the off-diagonal cross-peaks. Self-diffusion measurements (DOSY experiments)  [33]  were carried out using a 2D Stimulated Echo experiment using bipolar gradients pulse sequence (stebpgp1s), with a diffusion delay (d20) of 350 ms and a gradient duration (p30) of 3 s. The diffusion dimension was processed with the 2D DOSY processing Topspin software (logarithmic scale).
Acknowledgment: We wish to thank the region  Bretagne  ( ARED-107/ NAPOLI ), the  ANR  (grant:  2020-CES06-OuzoFan ), the  CNRS , the University Rennes 1 and the platform ScanMat (2Cbiomif) for funding. Part of this work has been performed using the  PRISM core facility (Biogenouest ,  Univ Rennes ,  Univ Angers ,  INRAE ,  CNRS ,  FRANCE ): the authors thank  Sandrine Pottier  and  Dr. Arnaud Bondon  for their precious help and expertise. We very warmly thank  Olivier Mongin  for providing the BODIPY and  Anthony Szymczyk  and  Bertrand Lefeuvre  for complimentary access to the DLS.
Acknowledgements Financial support from  NSF  ( CHE 2000391 ) is acknowledged. We also thank the  CNRS  ( Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ) for support through the  International Research Project  ( IRP) "Laboratory for Coordination Chemistry for Controlled Radical Polymerization" (LCC-CRP ). J. S. gratefully acknowledges support by the  Chateaubriand Fellowship of the Office for Science & Technology of the Embassy of France in the United States. A. G. acknowledges financial support in the form of the post-doctoral fellowship ( Polish National Agency for Academic Exchange -Bekker Programme  no. PPN/BEK/2018/1/00261 ;  Polish-U. S. Fulbright Commission -Senior  Award no. PL/2019/SR/41 ) and SONATA grant  UMO-2020/39/D/ST4/01182  from  National Science Centre, Poland.
Supercritical CO 2 The use of supercritical CO 2 can be considered as a pretreatment but also allows the extraction of lipids from the mustard seed meal. The equipment used was a supercritical fluid extraction system (SFE PROCESS, Nancy, France), supplied with a 1 L extraction tank and two 0. 2 L separators in series. Carbon dioxide (99. 99% purity) was obtained from Linde PLC (Lyon, France) and used as the extraction solvent. First, 150 g of mustard seed meal were placed in a 1 L sample cartridge. The CO 2 flow (downward) was kept constant at 60 g/min during the experiments. Based on the literature data  [28, [34] [35] [36] , the pressure was kept at 350 bar and the temperature at 40 • C. The oil obtained was weighed and analyzed to determine the profile of the lipids extracted. The defatted mustard seed meal then underwent an extraction according to the protocol described in part 2.
Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction Ultrasounds were applied simultaneously with the extraction of the sinapine. The setup used was a 2 L stirred glass reactor equipped with an ultrasonic generator (400 W-24 KHz) and a titanium sonotrode (Reference S24d22D) with a diameter of 22 mm (Hielscher Ultrasonics, Germany). The extraction temperature was maintained constant by circulating glycerol in an outer jacket connected to a cryothermostat. The stirring speed was set at 250 rpm in all experiments, and the solvent volume was 600 mL. Extractions were performed with ultrasound in continuous mode at different amplitudes (0-100%). A Box-Behnken experimental design with response surface methodology (RSM) was selected to optimize the ultrasound-assisted extraction of sinapine. The design was created by the MODDE software (Sartorius, Sweden) and included 15 experiments, with a triplicate at the central point.
Kinetic Modeling of the Extraction of Sinapine The extraction kinetics of sinapine were investigated at the best conditions, obtained with ultrasound, and compared to the nontreated control and SC-CO 2 -defatted sample. The extraction rate and kinetic parameters of Peleg's model (Equation (  2 )) were used to investigate the yield of the sinapine extraction under different conditions. The experimental data for the extraction of polyphenols were best described by the Peleg model  [37, 38]. Y (t) = t K 1 + K 2. t (2) here, Y (t) represents the extraction yield of sinapine at time t ; K 1 and K 2 represent Peleg's rate constant (min. g dry matter (DM) /mg) and Peleg's capacity constant (g DM/mg), respectively. K 1 refers to the extraction rate R 0 (mg/g DM. min) at the very beginning (t = t 0 ): R 0 = 1 K 1 (3) K 2 refers to the maximum extraction yield, i.
e. , equilibrium yield of extracted sinapine (Y e ) when t → ∞. The relationship between the equilibrium yield and K 2 is shown in Equation (4): Y (t) t→∞ = Y e = 1 K 2 (4) The kinetic parameters of Peleg's model were determined using Excel software. The goodness of fit between the experimental yields and the model-predicted yields was quantified using the determination coefficient (R 2 ) and root-mean-square error (RMSE) as shown in (Equation (  5 )). RMSE = ∑ n i=1 y exp -y pred 2 n (5) The variable n represents the number of experimental data points included in a kinetic plot. y exp and y pred refer to the experimental and model values, respectively, at the i-th point.
Acknowledgments: The authors would like to thank the  SFR Condorcet  ( FR CNRS 3417  Condorcet), the  Région Grand Est , the  Conseil Départemental de la Marne , the  Grand Reims  and the  European Union  with the  Fonds Européen de Développement Régional  ( FEDER Champagne Ardenne 2014-2020 ) for their financial support, as well as  Charbonneaux Brabant  for the supply of the mustard seed meal.
The X-rays emitted upon electron irradiation were acquired in the range 0-20 keV. Quantification was done using the standard-less ZAF correction method in the Team EDS software from EDAX. Inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) measurements were performed by the Plateforme Analytique of the Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (UMR CNRS 7178), Strasbourg, France. EY-APTES@PDA@PUF samples were mineralized at 185 • C for 50 min under pressure (Multiwave ECO, Anton Paar), either with HCl (3 mL) for Si loading determination or with HNO 3 (3 mL) for Br loading determination. Blank tests were carried out in parallel under the same conditions. Quantification of Si in the clear obtained solutions was carried out by ICP-AES (Varian 720ES) at two wavelengths: 250.
Acknowledgments: The authors thank the NMR and Analytical Platform managers of LIMA,  Emeric Wasielewski  and  Matthieu Chesse , who contributed, by their valuable technical support, to the completion of this research project. Anne Boos  and  Pascale Ronot  from the  IPHC  ( UMR CNRS  7178) are gratefully acknowledged for carrying out the ICP-AES and ICP-MS measurements. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the proofs.
Acknowledgements This work has been supported in part by the  ANR  funding agency via the collaborative project " BiAuCat " ( ANR-20-CE07-0037 ). We thank the  China Scholarship Council  for PhD funding to Y. Y. and Z. Z. , the  ANR  for the  Post-doctoral fellowship  to N. S. and PhD fellowship of M. D. and the  GDR Phosphore  for support.
Acknowledgements Xinrui Wang  is grateful for the support from  CSC  grant (grant number: 201908120131). Xinrui Wang  appreciates  Shi Yangfan  and  Wang Qian 's help for the TEM imaging and thanks for  Bernard Goetz  for his assistance for ICP tests. Xinrui Wang  appreciates the contribution from  Jed LaCoste  and  Ling Fei  ( University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Madison Hall, Room 218 C, Lafayette, LA, 70504, United States ) for the manuscript revision. The computational work was performed using HPC resources from  GENCI-CINES  (Grant  A0100907613 ).
Acknowledgements This work was supported by a grant from the  Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR)  with  PRCI  funding ( ANR-17-CE07-0048-01 ). Aurélie Damond  and  Flavien Bourdreux  are thanked for their support with mass spectrometry and NMR analysis. Dr. Karen Wright  is warmly acknowledged for improvement of the text as well as the  GIS Fluor  ( CNRS French Fluorine Network ) for support. Pr. Béatrice Tuccio  ( ICR Aix-Marseille Université UMR 7273 ) is gratefully acknowledged for the EPR spectra.
Statistical analysis. The statistical analysis was performed using SAS version 9. 3 (SAS Institute Inc. , Cary, NC, USA). A generalized linear model (GLM) was applied to evaluate the differences between the administered doses of Re-diSe. The least-squares means (LS means) corresponding to the effects for the linear part of the model were estimated. The p-Values (adjusted with the Tukey-Kramer test for multiple comparisons) with the relative confidence limits were then calculated after performing multiple comparisons. The results were considered statistically significant at p<0. 05.
Methodology The selection of data was carried out under the criteria of including those publications centered on nutritional interventions with the use of Brassicaceae foods and different formulations, including extracts, beverages, and tablets, as significant sources of bioactive compounds, in different types of human subjects, and against certain diseases. The literature search was conducted in the Scopus ® (Elsevier, Amsterdam, Netherlands), Pubmed ® (National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA), and Web of Science (Clarivate Analytics, London, UK) databases in May 2021 and updated in Jan 2022. The review protocol was executed following the recommendations of "Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA)"  [49]. The literature search was carried out by two authors and disagreements were solved by contrasting with a third author.
The final number of papers after refinement was 28. The data compiled from clinical studies, including GSL and ITC analysis in biological samples, were organized in an standardized Excel file (from the FoodPhyt project, "A Healthy Diet for a Healthy Life", JPI HDHL, 2019-02201), including several parameters for consultation: type of study, dietary source/food matrix, ingested dosages, description of the population (age, BMI, sex, ethnicity, and health status, either healthy volunteers or patients with any disease or physiological alteration), biofluid analyzed (plasma, urine, or ileal fluids), kinetic parameters (Tmax, Cmax, AUC, and time covered by AUC), type of compounds analyzed (family compounds, parental and derived metabolites, and their conjugates), the analytical technique used, and any reference or code of the study available in databases, and more specifically with a record in ClinicalTrials.
gov Database (https://www. clinicaltrials. gov, accessed on 24 November 2021). The search results were incorporated into the PhytoHub Database (https://phytohub. eu, accessed on 24 November 2021) as a collaborative work under the framework of the JPI Foodphyt EU Project (2020 to 2024) (https://www6. inrae. fr/foodphyt/, accessed on 24 November 2021). The idea was to combine the data sets of health-related information and the studied bioactivity of these molecules at the clinical level, for directing further research on the human-centered health-promoting bioactivities of these compounds through the incorporation of cruciferous foods in dietary intervention and clinical research, to generate the necessary knowledge to demonstrate and support future allegations and recommendations for healthy living and well-being.
The study provided evidence that the content of bioactive compounds is improved by selecting these genotypes, so that health benefits can be obtained with minimal changes in eating habits  [99]. Beyond the clinical trials described in the present work, nowadays, there is a range of clinical trials (ClinicalTrials. gov Database (https://www. clinicaltrials. gov, accessed on 14 March 2023)) focused on the evaluation of different cruciferous-based foods and ingredients to discover the actual biological benefits in vivo (n = 28). These trials, which are at the recruiting phase, are mainly focused on dietary interventions aimed at shedding light on the biological relevance of ITC of Brassica foods (mainly SFN), concerning a diversity of pathological conditions, namely cancer, diabetes mellitus, or neurological disorders (autism), and also to establish the bioavailability and metabolism of different bioactive organosulfur compounds.
Cont. Abbreviations: BITC: benzyl isothiocyanate; BITC-Cys: benzyl isothiocyanate cysteine; BITC-CysGly: benzyl isothiocyanate cysteinyl glycine; BITC-GSH: benzyl isothiocyanate glutathione; BITC-NAC: benzyl isothiocyanate N-acetylcysteine; GB: glucobrassicin; GSL: glucosinolate; HGB: hydroxy glucobrassicin; MGB: 4-methoxy glucobrassicin; N. A. : not available; NeoGB: neoglucobrassicin; SFN: sulforaphane; SFN-GSH: sulforaphane glutathione; SFN-Cys: sulforaphane cysteine; SFN-CysGly: sulforaphane cysteinyl glycine; SFN-NAC: sulforaphane N-acetylcysteine; GR: glucoraphanin. NCT Number or record study number assigned in ClinicalTrials. gov.
) SFN-Cys SFN mercapturic 0. 67-1. 09 nM LC-ESI-MS/MS-selected reaction monitoring (SRM) [63] Broccoli sprout powder 1 day GR 1 g of broccoli sprout powder Urine 5 healthy adult participants (4 males and 1 female, between the ages of 40 and 50 years) N. A. ITC metabolites: 6. 6 (powder), 8. 2 (gel-cap), and 4. 7 (enteric-cap) µM HPLC-UV-VIS/DAD [64] SFN: 0. 543 µM (day 70) Broccoli sprouts 10 weeks GR 30 g broccoli sprouts/day Urine Healthy obese adults (35-55 years old) NCT03390855 SFN-Cys: 0. 8 µM SFN-NAC: 2. 301 µM UHPLC-QqQ-MS/MS [65] 3,3 -DIM: 0. 707 µM SFN: men 0. 4604; pre-menopausal 0. 4989; post-menopausal 0. 8937 nmol/mg creatinine (day 35) Healthy obese adults (men, SFN-Cys: men 0. 466; pre-menopausal 0. 3727; Broccoli sprouts 5 weeks GR 30 g broccoli sprouts/ day Urine non-menopausal women, and post-menopausal women; NCT03390855 post-menopausal 1.
8191 nmol/mg creatinine SFN-NAC: men 1. 5031; pre-menopausal UHPLC-QqQ-MS/MS [66] 40-60 years old) 1. 8079; post-menopausal 4. 0647 nmol/mg creatinine 3,3 -DIM: men 0. 7186; pre-menopausal 0. 7467; post-menopausal 0. 5544 nmol/mg creatinine Brassica carinata sprouts (AVRDC) 1 day Epithionitrile 15. 2 g B. carinata sprouts Urine Healthy adults N. A. N-acetyl-S-(3-cyano-2-(methylsulfonyl)propyl-cysteine 3 h: 37 µM UHPLC-ESI-(Q)ToF-MS [67] Broccoli sprouts powder drink 24 days GR or SFN (800 and 150 µmol, respectively) Urine Healthy volunteers NCT01008826 Day 6, TTA: 3. 4/1. 68 µmol/24 h (from GR/SFN matrix) Day 6, GR: 3. 71/ND µmol/24h Day 6, SFN: 19. 22/103. 22 µmol/24 h UHPLC-QqQ-MS/MS [68] Broccoli sprouts powder 1 day GR Glucoiberin 0. 64 g broccoli sprouts powder Urine Five participants (two males, and three females, aged 22-52) N.
2 arbitrary units/hour I3-CAL: 3. 5 arbitrary units/hour MI3-CAL: 15 arbitrary units/hour I3-CA: 22 arbitrary units/hour MI3-CA: 15 arbitrary units/hour Kale and daikon radish 1 day GSL 250 g of baby kale (steamed weight 263 g), 25 g of uncooked daikon radish Urine Healthy adults (32-71 years old) NCT03449849 AITC-Cys: 0. 5 arbitrary units/hour AITC-NAC: 3 arbitrary units/hour 4-methylsulfinyl-3-butenyl isothiocyanate: 23 arbitrary unit/hour UHPLC-HRAM-MS [89] 4-methylsulfinyl-3-butenyl isothiocyanate-cysteine: 7 arbitrary unit/hour 4-methylsulfinyl-3-butenyl isothiocyanate-N-acetyl cysteine: 23 arbitrary units/hour Ascorbigen: 2. 5 arbitrary unit/hour HABG: 5 arbitrary units/hour MABG: 0. 7 arbitrary units/hour I3C: 2200 (nmol/mmol cretinine) I3-CAL: 80 I3-CA: 50 ABG: 8000 SFN: 800 Raw broccoli 12 day GR 200 g of uncooked broccoli florets Plasma and urine Healthy adults (28-67 years old) NCT03287115 SFN-GSH: 5.
A. : not available; SFN: sulforaphane; SFN-Cys: sulforaphane cysteine; SFN-CysGly: sulforaphane cysteinyl glycine; SFN-GSH: sulforaphane glutathione; SFN-NAC: sulforaphane N-acetylcysteine. NCT Number or record study number assigned in ClinicalTrials. gov.
5/206. 5 nM Broccoli seed extract (BroccoMax ® ) 1 day GR 32/64 mg sulforaphane Plasma Healthy nulliparous women aged between 20 and 23 years N. A. SFN-GSH: 150. 1/240. 8 nM SFN-CysGly: 408/419. 2 nM SFN-Cys 113. 8/112. 2 nM LC-MS [106] SFN-NAC: 74. 3/35. 6 nM SFN: 1. 05 µM Glucoiberin: 4-22 µM Sinigrin: 0 µM Gluconapin: 6-46 µM Broccoli powder in soup and mustard seeds 1 day GSL 200 mL soup Ileal fluid Ileostomates 53. 3 ± 9. 2 years NCT04113928 Glucoerucin: 0-32 µM GB: 2-23 µM Gluconasturtiin: 0-3 µM GR: 30-60 µM HPLC-UV/GC-MS [107] Glucoalysin: 1-4 µM HGB: 0-2 µM NeoGB: 3-24 µM MGB: 4-48 µM.
329 nmol/ml SFN group week 0: 0. 007; SFN group week 7: 0. 299; SFN group week 15: Cyclocondensation reaction-HPLC assay [109] Kynurenine: 99. 5 (without mustard seeds) and 42. 8 (with mustard seeds) ng Tryptamine: Ileal fluid content: 11. 7 (without mustard seeds) and 13. 2 (with mustard seeds) ng Broccoli soup and broccoli soup with mustard 1 day GSL 200 ml Ileal fluid Ileostomy subjects NCT04113928 Indole-3-lactic acid: Ileal fluid content: 88. 6 (without mustard seeds) and 308. 8 (with mustard seeds) ng Indole-3-aldehyde: Ileal fluid content: UHPLC-QqQ [110] 34. 4 (without mustard seeds) and 103. 9 (with mustard seeds) ng Indole-3-acetic acid: Ileal fluid content: 18. 2 (without mustard seeds) and 28. 0 (with mustard seeds) ng BITC- GSH:-(in urine) Nasturtium leaves suspension made from freeze-dried leaves 48 h Benzyl glucosinolate (Glucotropaeolin) 1.
3 µmol of Benzyl-GSL and 2. 48 µmol of BITC Urine Healthy women aged between 26 and 61 N. A. BITC: 2. 0-6. 0 µmol/L LC-ESI-MS/MS/GC-MS/MS [111] SFN-NAC: 44. 7 ± 33. 9 µmol Cooked broccoli, with powdered brown mustard (Brassicajuncea) 1 day GR mustard (Brassicajuncea) 200 g broccoli, 1 g powdered brown Urine 12 healthy adults between 18 and 64 years N. A. SFN-NAC per gram creatinine SF-NAC per gram creatinine within 24 h (without mustard: 9. 8 ± 5. 1 µmol HPLC-UV [90] within 24 h) Healthy Baked snack food containing equivalent phytochemicals1 day GR 12. 7 (glucoraphanin) mg Urine adults (18 females and 10 average 42 years (age were premenopausal), NCT02231502 SFN: 36. 25 ± 27. 9 nmol/mg intake HPLC-QTrap [112] range 20-68 year) Healthy Microwaved vegetables 1 day 12. 6 (glucoraphanin) mg Urine adults (18 females and 10 were premenopausal), average 42 years (age NCT02231502 SFN-NAC: 272.
17 ± 280. 8 nmol/mg intake HPLC-QTrap [112] range 20-68 year) Healthy Baked snack food containing equivalent phytochemicals1 day 12. 7 (glucoraphanin) mg Urine adults (18 females and 10 average 42 years (age were premenopausal), NCT02231502 SFN: 43. 72 ± 44. 2 nmol/mg intake HPLC-QTrap [112] range 20-68 year) Healthy Microwaved vegetables 1 day 12. 6 (glucoraphanin) mg Urine adults (18 females and 10 were premenopausal), average 42 years (age NCT02231502 SFN-NAC: 508. 54 ± 450. 9 nmol/mg intake HPLC-QTrap [112] range 20-68 year).