dataesr/scientific-paragraphs-categorization huggingface dataset:
Finally, the variability in periodicity of activation of the Sensing Nodes is an efficient way to avoid collisions and interferences during data transmissions, which is already limited by the design of the LoRaWAN technology. To go further, we could consider the case of several fleets of Sensing Nodes, where each fleet is dedicated to the measurement of specific parameters and whose frequency band dedicated to the Wireless Power Transfer does not overlap the bands of the other fleets. Thus, each fleet can be discriminated by the configuration of their Wireless Power Transfer interface, and can be powered independently. In consequence, by tuning both the central frequency and the bandwidth of the generated radiative electromagnetic power by the Communicating Nodes, it becomes possible to power only a part of the fleets of Sensing Nodes, or to provide at each one a different periodicity of functioning.
A. Characterization of the Power Consumption The power consumption of the data management subsystem constraints the design of the power management subsystem. This power consumption depends on the configuration of the wireless communication (in particular the transmission power, the data-rate (related to the duration of the transmission), and the size of the data payload); and on the sensor used. The objective is to provide the best trade-off between the reliability of the wireless communication and the power consumption. Furthermore, both hardware and software optimizations can still be performed to minimize as much as possible the energy required. Currently, the LoRaWAN wireless communication technology is employed. Each communication slot is composed of a 17 bytes long LoRaWAN frame, whose 13 bytes are dedicated to the LoRaWAN protocol and 4 bytes dedicated to the data payload.
Power Consumption versus Sensor Because the Sensing Nodes are designed in order to be generic platforms where different kinds of sensor can be connected via specific daughter boards, the power consumption of each sensor must be limited. Consequently, these must be low power, have similar energy requirements and provide a similar amount of data in order to transmit a LoRaWAN data frame of similar length and duration. Fig. 14  presents the power consumption of the Sensing Nodes all based on an identical version of the electronic board versus the sensor connected on the board with a specific daughter board and with the associated firmware. The measurements are for a fixed power transmission of +4 dBm, a fixed datarate of 5470 bps and for a 17 bytes long LoRaWAN frame with 4 bytes of data payload.
Overall Power Consumption Finally, the energy required for a complete process depends on the configuration of the wireless communication (including transmission power and data-rate), and is little influenced by the sensor used. Thus, for the transmission of 4 bytes of data payload in a 17 bytes long LoRaWAN frame, in the worst case for the most reliable configuration of the wireless communication (transmission power of +14 dBm, and datarate of 250 bps) 210 mJ are required. On the other hand, in the worst case for the less reliable configuration of the wireless communication (transmission power of +4 dBm, and data-rate of 5470 bps), that still meets the requirements, 20 mJ are required. By using the average energy required and by adding 20 % to compensate the variability and the aging, 250 mJ are stored in the first case and 21 mJ in the second.
C. Study of the Reproducibility In order to quantify the number of iterations to consider to be able to provide a relevant estimation of the average value from the measured data, few statistical analyses have been carried out. 1. Reproducibility for a Sensing Node First, the variability for each Sensing Node has been measured. Because of the very long time required for the measurements, the study has been limited to two conducted electromagnetic powers at the input of the radiofrequency circulator: +15 dBm (or 31. 6 mW) and +0 dBm (or 1. 0 mW). Several sets of data have been produced at different times and under different environmental conditions, for Sensing Nodes using a 22 mF supercapacitor. The sets dedicated to the first charges are also limited because of the required time of measurements.
Other relevant tests concern the use of the wireless power source in the air cavities of the reinforced concrete beam. With the power source in the central air cavity, it has been possible to power Sensing Nodes located in the two other air cavities, that says, through at least 30 cm of reinforced concrete, but also other Sensing Nodes located outside the reinforced concrete beam and over some meters. Finally, by locating the power source in one of the extremum air cavities and by filling the central air cavity with a reinforced concrete cap, a Sensing Node placed in the other extremum air cavity has been successfully powered, that says through at least  75   were lost. It should be noticed that the two antennas of the Communicating Nodes (a transmitting antenna for the Wireless Power Transfer, and a receiving antenna for the LoRaWAN data transfer) are located in the same reduced space and operate with the same linear polarization.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT The authors would like to thank all their French partners in the  McBIM  project:  CRAN (Nancy, France) ,  LIB (Dijon, France) , and  FINAO SAS  / 360SmartConnect ( Trans-en-Provence, France ); and in the  OPTENLOC  project:  UWINLOC (Toulouse, France ); but also  Prof. Jean-Paul Balayssac  from the  Laboratory for Materials and Durability of Constructions (LMDC, Toulouse, France ) and  Prof. Florin Udrea ,  Dr. Andrea De Luca  and  Dr. Ethan Gardner  from the  Centre for Advanced   Photonics and Electronics (CAPE)  of the  University of Cambridge.
Older men with PCa are under-represented in clinical trials, resulting in a lack of evidence guiding treatment approaches  [11, 12]  and a need to understand the benefits and tolerability of novel treatment options in these patients. Treatment approaches in metastatic hormone-sensitive PCa (mHSPC) are heterogeneous, differing based on the risk of progression and tumor volume. Treatment intensification of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT)  [13]  with the addition of novel hormonal therapies and chemotherapy can improve OS in patients without impacting quality of life (QoL)  [14] [15] [16] [17] [18] [19] [20] [21] [22] [23] [24]. Enzalutamide plus ADT is approved in mHSPC based on its proven clinical benefit in the ARCHES trial (NCT02677896)  [25, 26] : enzalutamide plus ADT reduced the risk of radiographic disease progression versus placebo plus ADT (hazard ratio [HR] 0.
41-0. 71; !75 yr: HR 0. 66; 95% CI 0. 44-0. 95). There was no evidence of statistical heterogeneity between treatment groups and age groups for any clinical outcomes except time to castration resistance (Supplementary material, Results). Similar trends in efficacy outcomes were observed in high-versus low-volume disease (Supplementary Fig. 2 ) and de novo versus recurrent disease subgroups PBO + ADT arm. ADT = androgen deprivation therapy; CI = confidence interval; cum. = cumulative; ENZA = enzalutamide; HR = hazard ratio; NE = not evaluable; OS = overall survival; PBO = placebo; rPFS = radiographic progression-free survival. a Events were death from any cause. Time was calculated from randomization to death from any cause. For patients who were still alive at the data cutoff date, OS was censored on the last date the patient was known to be alive.
b An rPFS event was defined as objective evidence of radiographic disease as assessed by the investigator or death by any cause within 24 wk from study drug discontinuation, whichever occurred first. The time to an rPFS event was calculated from the date of randomization to the date of occurrence of the first rPFS event. For patients with no documented progression event, rPFS was censored on the date of the last radiological assessment performed before the data cutoff date on May 28, 2021. (Supplementary Fig. 3 ), as were seen in the overall intentto-treat (ITT) population. The mean FACT-P total score, as a global indicator of QoL, was higher at baseline for patients aged <75 yr than for those aged !75 yr; QoL in both age groups remained consistent over time, with no significant impact from enzalutamide plus ADT (Fig.
Treatment exposure The duration of treatment with enzalutamide plus ADT was longer in patients aged <75 yr (41. 3 mo) than in those aged !75 yr (25. 9 mo; Table  2 ), likely influenced by a higher proportion of younger patients continuing to receive enzalutamide in the open-label extension (67. 6% vs 54. 8%) and a Except for the endpoint ''OS adjusted for crossover,'' results were not adjusted for PBO crossover, which may have impacted the results by strengthening the benefit of PBO + ADT treatment. Results are based on the final analysis, with a cutoff date of May 28, 2021. b Events were death from any cause. Time was calculated from randomization to death from any cause. For patients who were still alive at the data cutoff date, OS was censored on the last date the patient was known to be alive.
c An rPFS event was defined as objective evidence of radiographic disease as assessed by the investigator or death by any cause within 24 wk from study drug discontinuation, whichever occurred first. The time to an rPFS event was calculated from the date of randomization to the date of occurrence of the first rPFS event. For patients with no documented progression event, rPFS was censored on the date of the last radiological assessment performed before the data cutoff date on May 28, 2021. lower proportion of younger patients discontinuing treatment due to AEs (4. 2% vs 12. 5%; Supplementary Table  2 ). In the enzalutamide plus ADT treatment arm, a smaller proportion of patients aged <75 yr had dose interruption (10. 9%) and reduction (7. 2%) than those aged !75 yr (20. 2% and 11. 9%, respectively; Table  2 ), with AEs being the most common reason for dose interruption and reduction in both age groups (Table  2 ).
290 We screened all 887 publications to select only the ones where there was an empirical application of early-warnings (i. e. an indicator was measured on real data to signal the occurrence of a tipping point). This screening led to 229 papers that we classified as ones that have included at least one empirical application of early-warnings. For each paper, we collected the following information: "domain" (e. g. climate, ecology), "system" (e. g. Arctic Sea Ice, fisheries, mental depression), the 295 "tipping point" described, data source (e. g. lab experiment, field survey, remote-sensed datasets, social data), "data type" (i. e. temporal, spatial, spatio-temporal), "indicator" (i. e. the specific warning signal(s) used), "performance" (whether the performance of the early-warning was reported in the paper as positive, negative, mixed (in the case of multiple signals used or multiple datasets analysed), or inconclusive).
A positively skewed performance of early-warnings 395 The performance of all 65 reclassified early-warnings (Sect. 3. 3) across all domains was positive in 67. 8% of all studies (Fig. 6 ). Only 3. 4% of the studies reported negative performances (i. e. no or opposite to expected warning). Ecology reported the most negative results, followed by climate and health, with none reported for physical or social sciences. The performance in the rest of the studies were either mixed (i. e. positive or negative in studies which analysed multiple early-400 warnings or datasets, 24. 7%) or inconclusive (i. e. a statistically weak result, 4. 8%). This is an impressively positively skewed result potentially reflecting the known bias in publishing significant results  (Fanelli, 2012)  or in post hoc analysis where a tipping point has been already documented and early-warnings have been applied in hindsight  (Boettiger and Hastings, 2012a).
Given the increasing capacity to monitor the multivariate aspects of most systems (discussed in Sect. 4. 2. 3) and the increasing  Over the last decade, data from long-term databases and remote-sensing has grown to become the primary sources for capturing temporal and spatial early-warnings for tipping points. Especially for remote-sensing data, this coincides with the expansion of freely available Earth observation 605 datasets combined with access to cloud-based systems which provide the computational power to process this increase in data  (Gorelick et al. , 2017). A primary focus has been on the temporal analysis of optical imagery from satellites such as the MODIS sensor (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer)  (Liu et al. , 2019; Majumder et al. , 2019)  or from the AVHRR sensor  (Lenton et al.
, 2022). Additionally, the vegetation optical depth (VOD) derived from microwave passive 610 radiometers, has been employed to analyze early-warnings, with temporal records since the late 1970s  (Smith et al. , 2023; Boulton et al. , 2022). Overall, the continued growth of remotely-sensed datasets is likely to drive further temporal early-warning research, while the emergence of new satellite sensors with enhanced spatial resolutions (in the order of meters) will also enable an improved analysis of spatial early-warning at large scales. Yet, such development requires a 615 profound understanding of the acquisition systems to effectively control and account for parameters that may impact the extraction of early-warnings.
interventional phase 2, open-label, multi-center study to evaluate safety and efficacy of PF-06835375 in adult participants with moderate to severe primary ITP Persistent / chronic ITP , is the binding to FcγRs, inhibiting the phagocytic propensity of macrophages in the spleen. In this view, FcγR polymorphisms, may predict the efficacy of IVIG-based treatments [85]. milestone of ITP treatment) February 2022 / Recruiting Others Complement inhibition SAR-445088 (formerly Inhibition of C1s Humanized NCT04669600 II A Multicenter, Phase 2a, Open- Persistent / chronic February BIVV-020) (classical pathway) IgG4 label, Non-randomized Study ITP 2021 / monoclonal Evaluating the Efficacy, Safety, Completed antibody and Tolerability of BIVV020 in Adults With Persistent/Chronic ITP Janus kinase inhibition (JAKi) BARICITINIB Modulation of autoimmune response by NCT05446831 II Efficacy and Safety of Baricitinib Persistent / chronic July 2022 / inhibition of the JAK-STAT pathway for Steroid-resistant/Relapse ITP Recruiting Immune Thrombocytopenia: A Single-arm, Open-label Phase II Study.
85 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0. 67-1. 09; one-sided p ¼ 0. 1032; median OS, 20. 1 versus 14. 9 mo) and 0. 71 (95% CI: 0. 54-0. 93; one-sided p ¼ 0. 0070; median PFS, 8. 4 versus 5. 6 mo), respectively. With avelumab QW (n ¼ 130) versus chemotherapy (n ¼ 129), HRs were 0. 79 (95% CI: 0. 59-1. 07; one-sided p ¼ 0. 0630; median OS, 19. 3 versus 15. 3 mo) and 0. 72 (95% CI: 0. 52-0. 98; one-sided p ¼ 0. 0196; median PFS, 7. 5 versus 5. 6 mo), respectively. No new safety signals were observed. Conclusions: Longer median OS and PFS were observed with avelumab versus platinum-based doublet chemotherapy in advanced NSCLC, but differences in OS and PFS were not statistically significant, and the trial did not meet its primary objective. ClinicalTrials. gov Identifier: NCT02576574.
Study Design and Participants JAVELIN Lung 100 (NCT02576574) was a phase 3, open-label, multicenter trial. Eligible patients had histologically confirmed, measurable, metastatic or recurrent (stage IV; per the seventh International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer and the American Joint Committee on Cancer classifications), PD-L1þ (1% of tumor cells; centrally assessed) NSCLC. Other eligibility criteria included the following: age 18 years or older; Eastern Cooperative Oncology group performance status (ECOG PS) of 0 or 1; estimated life expectancy of more than 12 weeks; and adequate hepatic, renal, and hematologic function. Patients were ineligible if they had received prior antibody or drug targeting a T-cell regulatory protein or systemic treatment for lung cancer (patients who received neoadjuvant or adjuvant chemotherapy or chemotherapy for locoregional disease 6 mo before study entry were eligible).
26, 27  Enrollment of the avelumab QW arm followed an initial safety evaluation of avelumab 10 mg/kg QW treatment in a cohort of 10 patients (not randomized), which was reviewed by the independent data monitoring committee (IDMC). Subsequently, on the basis of the IDMC recommendation, patients were randomized 1:2:2 to the avelumab Q2W, chemotherapy, or avelumab QW arms. Patients were stratified by NSCLC histology (squamous versus nonsquamous) throughout enrollment and by PD-L1þ expression level as a proportion of tumor cells (high, 80%; moderate or high, 50%; and any, 1%) after the protocol amendment. PD-L1 expression was assessed using an investigational use and performance evaluation-only IHC assay (PD-L1 IHC 73-10 pharmDx; Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, CA). In previous studies, PD-L1 IHC 73-10 pharmDx was found to have greater sensitivity than PD-L1 IHC 22C3 pharmDx (Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, CA) used in pembrolizumab trials, and the PD-L1 cutoff of greater than or equal to 80% of tumor cells for PD-L1 IHC 73-10 pharmDx was analytically comparable to a TPS of greater than or equal to 50% for PD-L1 IHC 22C3 pharmDx.
Previous studies have found that PD-L1 IHC 73-10 pharmDx has a higher sensitivity to detect PD-L1þ tumor cells than other PD-L1 IHC assays, including PD-L1 IHC 22C3 pharmDx used in trials of pembrolizumab and cemiplimab and the SP142 assay used in trials of atezolizumab. 28, 29  In a previous study that compared PD-L1 IHC staining between the PD-L1 IHC 73-10 pharmDx and PD-L1 IHC 22C3 pharmDx assays using human NSCLC samples obtained from a commercial source and the phase 1 JAVELIN Solid Tumor trial of avelumab (NCT01772004), in addition to concordance analyses reported here, a cutoff of greater than or equal to 80% of PD-L1þ tumor cells with PD-L1 IHC 73-10 pharmDx resulted in comparable IHC staining to a TPS of greater than or equal to 50% with PD-L1 IHC 22C3 pharmDx,  28  which is used in clinical practice to identify the eligibility of patients with advanced NSCLC to receive first-line pembrolizumab or cemiplimab monotherapy.
Acknowledgments The authors thank the patients and their families, investigators, co-investigators, and the study teams at each of the participating centers. The authors also thank  Hans Juergen Grote  (the healthcare business of  Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany ) for supporting work to compare the PD-L1 IHC 73-10 pharmDx and PD-L1 IHC 22C3 pharmDx assays. This trial was sponsored by the healthcare business of  Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany  (CrossRef Funder ID:  10. 13039/100009945 ) and was previously conducted under an alliance between the healthcare business of  Merck KGaA ,  Darmstadt, Germany , and  Pfizer. Employees of the sponsor are coauthors of this manuscript and contributed to the design, execution, and interpretation of the analyses being reported, writing the report, and the decision to submit the article for publication, along with the other co-authors.
, 1992 , Brion et al. , 2000 , Brion and Billen, 2000 , Garnier et al. , 2007]. Also, in the 1990's algal development in large rivers became an issue for drinking water production  [Garnier et al. , 1995 [Garnier et al. , , 2005]]. Taking into account phytoplankton and bacterial metabolisms in river water quality models opened the way to their transformation into complete aquatic ecosystem models, considering the dynamics of autotrophic and heterotrophic microorganisms, and the related major forms of carbon and nutrients. The RIVE module of the microbiological processes involved in the ecological functioning of aquatic systems since then has grown considerably. It consists now of a generic representation of biogeochemical aquatic processes (Figure  1a ). It has recently been fully coded in Python and published under GNU general public license (https://gitlab.
The stiffness matrix components are expressed using the Young's (E x , E z ) and shear moduli (G xz Þ and Poisson ratio (n xz ). In the present study, in order to assess the ability of Kleeman's model to reproduce the GDL heterogeneous compression, the test has been simulated using finite element method. In this objective, the Kleeman's model has been implemented into COMSOL Multiphysics 6. 0 software using the Structural mechanics module  [60]. The Poisson ratio out of the GDL plane is usually considered to be n xz ¼ 0 due to the highly porous structure  [23]. The out-of-plane Young modulus E z was identified from the uniform compression test with a polynomial fit of the secant Young modulus, defined as E z ¼ s zz =ε zz. The consistency of the implemented model with experimental data was verified thanks to the simulation of uniform compression test (section 3.
3). The in-plane Young modulus was measured experimentally and set to E x ¼ 1:2 GPa. Nevertheless, it is worth noting that the simulation results are independent on this parameter, because of the null Poisson ratio. Finally, the shear modulus G xz was not measured experimentally, because of the complexity to induce a pure shear solicitation in the material. A sensitivity analysis showed that this parameter choice did not significantly affect the simulation results and their interpretations. For the simulations, the shear modulus was set to G xz ¼ 5 MPa, which is the order of magnitude of the data reported a similar GDL from the same manufacturer  [61]. All the properties used for the simulations are listed in Table  2. Fig. 2  shows the simulated domain. The computations are carried out in plane strain conditions while the geometry is restricted to a single rib/channel pattern.
Acknowledgments: We thank  Alphée Michelot  for the gift of Arp2/3 purified from budding yeast,  Pekka Lappalainen  for the gift of GMF plasmid, and  Mohan Balasubramanian  for the gift of the P. pastoris strain. We thank  Tamara Advedissian ,  Arnaud Echard ,  Cécile Leduc  and  Hugo Wioland  for reading an earlier version of this manuscript and making useful suggestions. Funding: European Union's  Horizon 2020   Marie Sklodowka-Curie individual fellowship  program  H2020-MSCA-IF-101028239-MolecularArp  (LC). Cancer Research UK   CC2096  core funding to the  Francis Crick Institute  (MM, MW)  UK Medical Research Council   CC2096  core funding to the  Francis Crick Institute  (MM, MW)  Wellcome Trust   CC2096  core funding to the  Francis Crick Institute  (MM, MW)  European Research Council (ERC)  under the European Union's  Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme , grant agreement No  810207  (MW)  European Research Council (ERC)  grant  StG-679116  (AJ)  Agence Nationale de la Recherche grant RedoxActin (GRL) Fondation pour la Recherche Medicale  grant  EQU202203014630  (GRL).
g. ,  [11] -  [14] , which consider discrete-time systems, and the recent work in  [15]  dedicated to continuous-time systems. In  [11] -  [13] , no disturbances act on the data collected off-line, which simplifies the learning, in particular, for linear timeinvariant systems, an exact data-based representation can be obtained in this case under mild conditions  [16]. This is not the case of  [14]  where the controller and the triggering policy are designed once and for all with one single batch of noisy data collected from the system. The idea is that, under certain conditions, this data batch returns a (non-parametric) system model. This makes it possible to cast control and triggering rule design as data-dependent problems, in particular via databased linear matrix inequalities (LMI). The authors of  [14]  then derive a dynamic event-triggered control policy inspired by the model-based technique in  [17].