dataesr/scientific-paragraphs-categorization huggingface dataset:
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We would like to thank the anonymous reviewers and the associate editor for their recommendations that improved the paper. French sequence data originated from the  Cartoseq  project funded by l 'Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR)  and  Apisgene  ( ANR10-GENM-0018 ). I. B. benefited from an  Erasmus-Mundus  fellowship and a grant by  Apisgene , within the framework of the  European Graduate School in Animal Breeding and Genetics. This research was supported by the  center for Genomic Selection in Animals and Plants (GenSAP)  funded by The  Danish Council for Strategic Research.
EEG Recording and Analysis During the testing phase, EEG activity was recorded with 33 electrodes mounted on a Quik-Cap and placed in standard (based on the 10-20 system) and intermediate positions. Recordings were made with a common average, re-references were computed offline (nose and linked mastoids). The EEG was amplified with battery-operated ANT R amplifiers with a gain of 30,000 and a bandpass of 0. 01-100 Hz. The impedance of all electrodes was maintained below 10 k. EEG was recorded continuously at a sampling rate of 1024 Hz with ANT Eeprobe software. 99. 9% of the participants' responses were correct (i. e. , a finger tap given for deviant target stimuli). Only correct answers were considered for analysis of reaction times and EEG activity. The trials contaminated by eye movements or muscular artifacts were manually eliminated offline and discarded from further analyses.
The measurement window was then tailored for each participant: for each subject, both P3a and P3b were investigated by gathering individual values of maximum peak amplitudes and peak latencies for each stimulus type in a 300-600 ms time range  (Comerchero and Polich, 1998, 1999; Duncan et al. , 2009). These data were obtained on the following electrodes: Fz, F3, F4, FC1, FC2, Cz, Pz, P3, P4, and Oz. Measurements were gathered for P3a and P3b with three references: common average (A), nose (Nz), and linked mastoids (Lke).
Finally, 2 × 4 within subjects ANOVAs were performed in order to compare the topography of the P3a vs P3b on each reference. Latencies of P3a and P3b at the site of interest were compared in each reference condition. Greenhouse-Geisser correction was applied to all ANOVAs when necessary. Bonferroni post hoc t-tests were used to explore interactions effects. All analyses were conducted with SPSS 20. 00, with the level of significance at 0. 05.
The formation of O 2 molecules was indirectly indicated in a number of studies  [57] [58] [59] [60]  by means of observation of bubbles on the surface of the top electrode of some assemblies after resistive switching. All knowledge of the occurrence of oxygen gas has till now been obtained from scanning electron microscopy (SEM) or atomic force microscopy (AFM) images and does not give a clear idea Figure  9 (a) shows the O 1s-absorption spectrum of the TiO 2 film measured after the current drop in the region of the instability at the I-V characteristic. The deconvolution of the spectrum performed using free software "Athena"  [50]  is also shown. The symmetrical Gaussian shape of peaks was used. The continuous edge jump at ionization potential has been represented by the arctangent function.
The position of edge jump 536 eV was estimated from sum of O1s binding energy  [52]  and work function  [53]  in TiO 2. It can be seen from the presented deconvolution that the discussed spectrum is a sum of two spectra. The first one correlates with the spectrum of amorphous TiO 2. [41, 42]  The second spectrum demonstrates the presence of a localized narrow peak and four rather wide peaks. The first narrow peak correlates well in width and energy position with the first sharp resonance in absorption spectra of molecular O 2 presented in  [51, 55]  which is due to1σ u →1π g * transition. The spectra of molecular O 2 contain the second relatively broad doublet band which is related to the 1σ g →3σ u * excitation. Doubling of this band results  The deconvolution of the spectrum was performed using the free software "athena"  [50].
Acknowledgments The work was supported by  St Petersburg State University  [grant  11. 37. 656. 2013 ]. The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support of  Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin (HZB)  and also thank  HZB  for the allocation of synchrotron radiation beamtime. The work was  performed using equipment of interdisciplinary resource center for "Nanotechnology" and resource center "Innovative technologies of composite nanomaterials " of  St Petersburg State University.
A total of 2460 patients were included in the database in the retrospective phase. Seventeen European centers contributed in the retrospective enrollment of patients in the validation phase up to a total of 1495 patients. The biopathological parameters and the characteristics of SN and NSN are shown in Tables  1  and 2. LVI was excluded because the aim of the nomogram is to give the possibility to the surgeon to intra operatively establish whether to perform ALND or not and this parameter cannot be assessed reliably in the preoperative breast cancer biopsy.
ALND in T1-T2 patients with positive SLN macro-metastases  [22]. In regards to the post ACOSOG Z0011 era, another topic still needs to be clarified. Does our new understanding of breast cancer really change clinical practice? Recently, Guth has assessed the potential impact of Z0011 on clinical practice by testing the applicability of its criteria to a European patient population  [23]. The author concluded that "the application of Z0011 led to the omission of completing ALND in less than 10% of all SLNB procedures (<6% of all surgically treated BC patients); therefore, we do not think that the perception of Z0011 as "practice-changing" is justified". In a recent paper, the Results from the Breast Surg ANZ National Breast Cancer Audit database have been questioned for women treated between 2005 and 2010 who would have met the entry criteria for the Z0011 Trial  [24].
Acknowledgments We would like to thank the anonymous reviewers for their comments on the previous version of this manuscript. We thank  Marianne Habib  and  Eamon McCrory  for useful discussions and insights. We are also very grateful to the  Fyssen Fundation whose grant  to  Marine Buon  supported this work. During the writing of this paper,  Ana Seara  C a r d o s o w a s s u p p o r t e d b y F u n d a ç ã o p a r a a C i ê n c i a e Tecnologia (FCT:  SFRH/BD/60279/2009 ;  SFRH/BPD/94970/2013 ), partially at the  Psychology Research Centre, University of Minho  ( UID/ PSI/01662 ) co-funded by  FCT  and the  Portuguese Ministry of Science, Technology and Higher Education  through national funds, and by  FEDER  through  COMPETE2020 ,  PT2020 Partnership Agreement (POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007653 ).
After 5 min to allow the mixing of the gases inside the cylinder (taking into account the dead space not occupied by the rat), hydrogen (ppm) and carbon dioxide (percentage) were measured in the air coming out of the cylinder. Hydrogen was measured using a portable expired hydrogen analyzer (Gastrolyser ® , Bedfont Scientific Ltd, UK). Carbon dioxide was measured using a portable gas exchange analysis system (Cosmed ® K4b 2 , Italy). Data were recorded four hours before compression just before force-feeding and one hour before compression. Behavior and clinical observations. At the end of the decompression, each rat was put into an individual cage and assessed at will for 30 minutes by observers who were unaware of the animal's pre-compression conditioning. The following symptoms were considered as manifestations of DCS: labored breathing, paresis or difficulty moving (including limping, failure to maintain balance, sideways gait, falling, difficulty getting up after a fall) or death.
Array-CGH Array-CGH was performed on Agilent whole-genome 1M microarrays following the manufacturer's recommendations. Variant calling was performed as previously described, after exclusion of probes located within known copy-number variable intervals. 10, 11 ome Sequencing Enrichment in coding sequences was performed by using the Agilent SureSelect in-solution capture protocol, which targeted 39. 3 Mb of exonic sequences (GENCODE custom design as previously described  12  ). The enriched library was sequenced on 3 lanes of an Illumina Genome Analyzer IIx, producing 54-bp paired-end reads and 13. 3 Gb of sequence for the proband. Reads were aligned to the human genome assembly GRCh37 (BWA-MEM, version 0. 7. 5a), which led to a mean depth of 1149. Coverage of ≥109 was obtained for 90% of the targeted positions, considering only reads with a mapping quality score >30.
Variants were considered as rare if the MAF was <0. 1% in the Exome Aggregation Consortium (ExAC) non-Finnish European population (http://exac. broadinstitute. org/ , version 0. 3, 33 370 individuals). Knime4Bio, a set of custom nodes for the interpretation of next-generation sequencing data with KNIME,  13  was used for all merging and filtering steps. Validation experiments and familial segregation analyses were performed by using capillary sequencing on an Applied Biosystems 3730 DNA Analyzer, with standard procedures. Two in silico algorithms-Endeavour  14  and Toppgene  15  -were then applied to rank the putative disease-causing genes. Both tools were accessed through the Internet by using the default prioritization parameters and based on 21 genes associated with BrS  16  as the training gene set.
Targeted Sequencing We have developed a custom kit to capture and sequence the coding regions of KCNAB2 as well as 45 arrhythmiasusceptibility genes (Agilent Technologies HaloPlex capture, Illumina sequencing). Among those 45 genes, 21 genes were previously linked to BrS (SCN5A, SCN1B, SCN2B, SCN3B, SCN10A, CACNA1C, CACNB2, CACNA2D1, KCNH2, KCNE3, KCNE1L/KCNE5, KCND3, KCNJ8, ABCC9, TRPM4, HCN4, GPD1L, RANGRF/MOG1, SLMAP, PKP2, and FGF12). In total, 167 BrS cases (unrelated index cases) and 167 control individuals aged >65 years and showing no history of cardiac arrhythmia were sequenced. 16 On average, >99. 9% of the KCNAB2 coding sequence was covered by at least 10 reads in cases and controls. Public databases of genetic variants, generated by sequencing control or diseased individuals, were interrogated for KCNAB2 variants of interest (1000 Genomes Project, NHLBI GO Exome Sequencing Project and ExAC; accessed September 2015).
Site-Directed Mutagenesis Three transcripts are described in the RefSeq database for KCNAB2. Through RT-PCR experiments on a panel of human tissue types, we identified NM_003636 as the main cardiac isoform (data not shown). We cloned this isoform in a pCMV6 expression plasmid to perform functional experiments. The human WT (wild-type)-KCNAB2, R12Q-KCNAB2, L13F-KCNAB2, and V114I-KCNAB2 cDNAs were purchased from OriGene. The constructs were sequenced to ensure that there were no other mutations.
3 MΩ) was filled with Na + intracellular medium containing (in mmol/L) CsCl 80, gluconic acid 45, NaCl 10, MgCl 2 1, CaCl 2 2. 5, EGTA 5, and HEPES 10, pH adjusted to 7. 2 with CsOH. All products were purchased from Sigma. Stimulation, data recording through an A/D converter (Tecmar TM100 Labmaster, Scientific Solutions, or Digidata 1440A, Molecular Devices), and analysis were performed with Acquis1 software (Bio-Logic) or Axon pClamp 10 (Molecular Devices). All current amplitudes were normalized by cell capacitance. Capacitance and series resistances were compensated to obtain minimal contribution of capacitive transients by using a VE-2 amplifier (Alembic Instrument) or an Axopatch 200A amplifier (Axon Instruments, Molecular Devices). Action potentials and pseudo-ECG were calculated as described in Gima and Rudy,  18  by simulating the heterogeneous transmural wedge of the right ventricular outflow tract.
20 It is noteworthy that the KCNAB2 variant (NM_003636: c. 35G>A; NP_003627: p. R12Q; Figure  1D ) was inherited from the father (I. 1; Figure  1A ), whose BrS phenotype could not be determined, because no drug challenge test could be performed in the presence of dilated cardiomyopathy. This variant was not detected in 308 healthy blood donors and is absent from the European populations reported in public databases. It is reported in 1 of 4291 individuals from East Asia in the ExAC database, with no available phenotype information (ExAC East Asian population MAF 0. 01%, total ExAC MAF 8. 4910 À6 ). Targeted sequencing among 167 unrelated French patients with BrS (including the Kvb2-R12Q carrier) identified 2 additional rare missense variants in KCNAB2 carried by 2 unrelated BrS patients. One variant, found in 1 female patient Variants were considered as having a potential functional consequence if they were annotated as "transcript_ablation," "splice_donor_variant," "splice_acceptor_variant," "stop_gained," "frameshift_variant," "stop_lost," "start_lost," "protein_altering_variant," "inframe_insertion," "inframe_deletion," "missense_variant," and/or "transcript_amplification" by Ensembl Variant Effect Predictor.
D, Capillary sequencing confirmed that all affected siblings carry a missense variant in the KCNAB2 gene (NM_003636: c. 35G>A; NP_003627: p. Arg12Gln; R12Q), inherited from their father who presents with cardiac conduction abnormalities. The variant was not detected in their unaffected mother and sister (as shown in A). MAF indicates minor allele frequency. (NM_003636: c. 37C>T; NP_003627: p. L13F), is absent from public databases, including ExAC. Her sister did not carry the variant but was diagnosed with BrS after the ajmaline test. The other variant (NM_003636: c. 340G>A; NP_003627: p. V114I; rs140319610), found in 2 patients, is reported as very rare in public databases (MAF 4. 5910 À5 in the ExAC European population based on data from 66 600 alleles). Both V114I carriers had episodes of vasovagal syncope and were diagnosed after the ajmaline test.
Acknowledgments The authors are grateful to  Aurore Girardeau ,  Ang elique Erraud ,  Patricia Charpentier  ( Therassay core facility ), and  Juan-Eugenio Sandoval-Tortosa  for technical assistance and to  B eatrice Delasalle  and  Ruben Coronel  for fruitful discussions. They acknowledge the members of the genomics and bioinformatics core facilities of  Nantes (Biogenouest)  for their expert services.
Introduction: In the agricultural world there is a continuous loss of food, fiber and other commodities due to pests, disease and weeds before harvesting time. These losses had create lots of financial burden to the farm owners that might lead to shutting down of their daily business. Worldwide, there is an overall very high loss of agricultural products due to weeds growth alone. To counteract this problem most farmers resort to the use of agrochemicals to increase their production but compromising the health of their farmworkers. The purpose of the study will be to assess the relationship between the agrochemical particles and cardiovascular diseases among farmworkers. Method: Non-systematic review was used to collect data. The following database were use: Medline, EBSCO, and Science Direct to search for the existing journal articles.
Study Identification This project is based on non-systematic approach method to review the existing literature. Publications articles that showed cardiovascular diseases due agrochemical exposure were identified through the following databases: PubMed, Science Direct and EBSCO search engines. A preliminary total of 150 related published research articles up to 2015 were selected using the various combination of keywords: "cardiovascular", "agrochemicals", "pesticides", "herbicides", "insecticides", "farmworkers" with no restrictions of publication types and dates. The reference list of relevant publications identified were checked for additional studies and recent articles in relevant journals used to compile an adequate information for discussion. The whole search was limited to studies published in English in and peer reviewed journals only.
Static and Dynamic Light scattering. Aliquots of 1-12 μl liposomes were added to 40 μl, 320 μM (1 mg/ml) peptide in a quartz cuvette that was kept at 25 °C during the experiment. Backscattered light was recorded at an angle of 173° on a Malvern Zetasizer Nano-S system with a 4 mW He-Ne laser (633 nm). Both static and dynamic light scattering were recorded. Static light scattering is represented in the paper by the derived count rate, a measure for the amount of scattered light corrected for the varying laser intensity which is automatically optimised for each sample. The particle sizes calculated from the dynamic light scattering autocorrelation curves are represented by the z-average, as reported by the Malvern software. Principal Component Analysis. The data analysis was carried out using the python programming language, version 3.
4. 2. PCA was implemented based on the SVD algorithm from numpy version 1. 9. 1, the source code and equations are given in the Supplementary Material. Before PCA, the spectra were mean-centered and auto-scaled. To correct the spectra for light scattering, the principal component that we assigned to light scattering was subtracted from the spectra, and although this led to a near-zero baseline at 260 nm we subtracted the small remaining baseline value from the spectra to make an equal comparison with the uncorrected spectra where the same baseline correction was applied. Although analysing the PC2 (structural) component alone would theoretically lead to a slight noise reduction by removal of higher order components, we opted not to do this to make a fair comparison with the uncorrected spectra.
Acknowledgements This work was supported by the " Fondation pour la Rechercehe Médicale ", grant number  DCM20121225742 , awarded to  B. Bechinger ,  A. Galy  and  D. Fenard. The authors thank  Christopher Aisenbrey  and  Delphine Hatey  for their help with the peptide synthesis, and  Bernard Lorber  for providing access to the light scattering equipment.
The difference between the low and the high workload conditions only stems in the additional workload imposed by the additional task. In addition to the visual stimulations induced by the MATB-II, the participants received auditory stimuli. They were instructed to ignore these auditory stimuli and to focus on the task at hand. These stimuli were sent by the Eprime software (E-prime Psychology Software Tools, Inc. , Pittsburgh, PA, USA) into their Sennheiser audioset. In a similar fashion to the single-stimulus paradigm of  Allison and Polich (2008) , they consisted of 100 ms 1000 Hz pure tones (10 ms rise/fall, 65 dB SPL), with a random 6-30 s inter-tone interval (Figure  2 ). A minimum of 30 stimulations per block were presented.
Data Acquisition Data acquisition was performed at the IRMaGe Neurophysiology facility (Grenoble, France). The participants' answers to the Rating Scale Mental Effort questionnaire (RSME;  Zijlstra, 1993)  and their resource management task root mean square (RMS) error scores were recorded, as well as their EEG activity using an Acticap R (Brain Products, Inc. ) equipped with 32 Ag-AgCl unipolar active electrodes that were positioned according to the 10-20 system. The reference and ground electrodes used for acquisition were those of the Acticap, i. e. , FCz for the reference, and AFz for the ground. The electro-oculographic activity was also recorded using two electrodes positioned at the eyes outer canthi, and two respectively above and below the left eye. Impedance was kept below 10 k for all electrodes.
In mylonitic serpentinites, the B and Sr isotopic values and the fluid-mobile element (FME) concentrations are near those for the Voltri metasedimentary rocks (calc-and mica-schists). Pb systematics also reveal influx of a crust-derived component. Our dataset shows that undeformed serpentinite still preserves an oceanic geochemical fingerprint, whereas mylonitic serpentinite is reset in its concentrations of FME and its B, Sr and Pb isotope compositions, due to interaction with sediment-and crust-derived fluids. The environment of this interaction is either compatible with (i) an outer-rise zone setting, with percolation of seawater-derived fluids enriched in sedimentary components into bending-related fault structures, or with (ii) subduction channel domains, where ascending sediment-derived slab fluids infiltrate slices of former oceanic serpentinite accreted to the plate interface domain.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This research was founded by the MIUR (PRIN-COFIN project 2012R33ECR_002 Volatile transfer at convergent plate margins: linking COH fluids/melts heterogeneities to tectonic anomalies in subduction zones). EC would like thank T. Vennemann for generous access to the stable isotope lab and the hydrogen isotopic analyses. B. Putlitz is thanked for carrying out the oxygen isotope analyses and discussion. We thank O. Mu ¨ntener for discussion and.
, 1985). with the reactor running at 20 MW. These were analyzed by stepwise heating, using a defocused beam from a continuous Nd YAG 1064 nm laser and the MAP 215 50 noble gas mass spectrometer at Spectrum. A Johnston focused flow electron multiplier, operated in analog mode, as well as a Faraday collector were used. The amphibole standards McClure Mountains and Hb3GR as well as Fish Canyon Sanidine were used as monitors. All yield the same J values within analytical error. Measurement control and data reduction was done using an in house software suite that includes full error propagation by Monte Carlo procedures.
, 2006) , possibly also including the Bull's Run carbon atite complex situated just south of the Natal Thrust Front  (Scogings and Forster, 1989). The Ar Ar result of one sample of ca. 1110 Ma overlaps with ages of the main phase of Namaqua Natal orogeny between 1. 16 and 1. 02 Ga. Jacobs et al. (1997) , using 40 Ar/ 39 Ar thermochronology, showed that thrusting within the Proterozoic Tugela Terrane, situated just south of the Natal Thrust Front (Fig. 1 ) occurred from $1135 to 980 Ma. Furthermore, titanite fission track data of sam ples taken at regular intervals along a $250 km traverse from the Natal Metamorphic front to the north into the Kaapvaal Craton mafic dykes and sills of the 180 Ma Karoo Igneous Province. These events may also had an effect on the rocks in the study area. In summary, a thermal event controlling mineral transformation processes and related hypogene Mn enrichment was an event unrelated to diagenesis in the Mesoarchean and probably also unrelated to metamorphism in the late Archean.
Acknowledgements This study was funded by the  National Research Foundation (NRF) of South Africa  and the  University of Johannesburg  via a Post Doctoral Fellowship to FOO, a  NRF research grant  to AH and by the  DST NRF Centre of Excellence for Integrated Mineral and Energy Resource Analysis (CIMERA). AH thanks Acclaim Explo ration NL,  J. Hancox  and  N. Hicks  for access to drill core samples. We would also like to thank the Editor for handling our manu script, as well as the Reviewer 1, the comments of whom have been highly relevant and useful.
MATERIALS AND METHODS Bacterial strains, growth media, and chemicals. Enterococcus faecalis V583 (ATCC 700802) was obtained directly from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC). Enterococcus faecalis 4205 is a chloramphenicol-and erythromycin-sensitive clinical isolate obtained from the diagnostic unit of the Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Zurich. The sequence of its 16S rRNA locus has been deposited in GenBank under accession number KU936078. The 16S rRNA sequence of E. faecalis 4205 is identical to that of E. faecalis ATCC 29212 (no mismatches in 1,468 bp). The closest 16S rRNA sequence not belonging to the species E. faecalis is that of Enterococcus rivorum (10 mismatches in 1,468 bp), showing that species determination was unambiguous. E. faecalis strains V583 and 4205 were grown in half-strength brain heart infusion (hBHI; Bacto) at 30°C or 42°C for routine maintenance as well as in cation-supplemented Mueller-Hinton broth (MHB) at 37°C for MIC determination.