dataesr/scientific-paragraphs-categorization huggingface dataset:
20 and 25 25 September were transformed into quantiles with respect to the entire 1871-2012 period, independently for each reconstruction dataset (SCOPE Hydro, HydRE, and HydREM) and each member. The mean of the 25 quantiles -one for each member -are displayed in Figure10. Only few observations are available in the Cévennes and the stations are located in the east-part of the region where the event was less important. We choose not to display those observations because the short period of observation does not allow to comput long term quantiles such as those used in the reconstructions. SCOPE Hydro first demonstrate low quantiles values over all catchments compared to HydRE/HydREM. Indeed, only a few members in SCOPE Hydro display high values (not shown) but this does not affect the mean of the ensemble.
The study of multidecadal variations in Sect. 4. 4 over the 4 main rivers of France have put forward the large differences between SCOPE Hydro and HydRE/HydREM. The latter show a better agreement with the GRUN reconstructions over the 1915-2000 period but with rather large differences from one basin to another. Lastly, the reconstructions were compared over https://doi. org/10. 5194/hess-2023-78 Preprint. Discussion started: 24 March 2023 c Author(s) 2023. CC BY 4. 0 License. a small set of catchments located in the Cévennes area during a well-documented flood event in 1890. HydRE and HydREM provide higher streamflow values than SCOPE Hydro, showing the interest of those two datasets for extreme events.
The 2015-2016 extreme El Niño, 2016-2017 and 2017/2018 moderate La Niña events thus only have 6 realizations, while the rest of the ENSO events listed in supplementary Figure  S4  have 16. For 500 hPa geopotential height and surface temperature, we used the monthly averaged ERA5 on pressure levels  50  as a reference dataset. Our monthly precipitation reference dataset is the Global Precipitation Climatology Project v2. 3  51. All model and observed anomalies are obtained after linearly detrending and removing the 1979-2019 climatology. In this manuscript, we only discuss boreal winter (December January February, DJF) average anomalies. ENSO SST anomalies indeed peak in boreal winter  52  and the PNA teleconnection pattern in February  8. We estimate the linear and nonlinear components of the atmospheric response to SST anomalies following the Srinivas et al (submitted)  40  methodology.
, 2011a) , resulting in a map of the particle size distribution in the river cross-section (Figure  S3 ). The aluminum to silicon ratio (Al/Si mass ratio) is inversely related to the particle size of river SPM in the Ganges-Brahmaputra, the Amazon, and the Mackenzie Rivers  (Galy et al. , 2007; Bouchez et al. , 2014; Hilton et al. , 2015). Such a linear relationship between D50 and Al/Si was also observed in our dataset, allowing for computing the spatial distribution of POC content in the cross-section, based on the linear relationship between POC and Al/Si (Figure  3 ). Finally, combining modeled water velocity, SPM concentration, and POC distribution we calculated a depth-integrated, instantaneous POC flux for the whole river channel (Figure  S3 , detail in supplementary material).
Results We report the first isotopic dataset of POC samples collected along several depth profiles distributed over a crosssection of the Huanghe (Table  1 ). SPM concentrations range from 679 to 2,459 mg/L (avg. 1,286 mg/L) and show an obvious increase from the surface to the bottom and from the right bank to the left bank (Figure  1b  and 2a ). The surface SPM concentration (i. e. , samples collected 0. 5 m below the surface) decreases laterally as the water column deepens. The range of measured Huanghe SPM D50, i. e. the median particle size (19. 5-86. 0 µm, Figure  2b ) agrees with that (16. 6-120. 1 µm) of SPM collected at Lijin during the same flooding season by  Moodie et al. (2022). The finest SPM is transported on the right bank and at the surface, while the coarsest SPM is found at the bottom of the middle profile (sample JB 2-3).
Acknowledgments We thank  Yulong Liu  and  Shengliu Yuan  for their help during sampling and filtering. We also thank  François Thil  and  Nadine Tissenerat  for invaluable help when running the  ECHoMICADAS , and  Pierre Barré  for use of the  Beckman Coulter 's LS 13 320 for paticle size analysis at École normale supérieure.
Financial support This study was financially supported by the  Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR) SEDIMAN  (Grant  ANR-15-CE01-0012 ), the  National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) , grants  41561134017 ,  41625012 , and the  China Scholarship Council (CSC)  to  Yutian  Ke (No. 201706180008 ).
BACKGROUND: Uncontrolled asthma in growing children can impair lung growth that may lead to adverse complications in later life. Dupilumab, a human monoclonal antibody, blocks the shared receptor for IL-4 and IL-13, key drivers of type 2 inflammation. OBJECTIVE: To extensively evaluate the effect of dupilumab on lung function in children (6-11 years) with moderate-to-severe asthma enrolled in phase 3 LIBERTY ASTHMA VOYAGE (NCT02948959). METHODS: Children with asthma were randomized 2:1 to addon dupilumab 100/200 mg by bodyweight or placebo every 2 weeks, for 52 weeks. We analyzed spirometry parameters in children with type 2 asthma (blood eosinophils ‡150 cells/mL or fractional exhaled nitric oxide [FeNO] ‡20 parts per billion [ppb] at baseline) and within subgroups defined by baseline blood eosinophils or FeNO values.
9, 10  Generally, guidelines recommend regular assessment of lung function and lung-growth trajectory. Conventional treatments (including daily use of ICS) do not improve this trajectory,  5  and little is known regarding the effect of biologic therapies on lung function improvement in children with asthma. Dupilumab, a fully human monoclonal antibody, targets the shared receptor component for IL-4 and IL-13, thus inhibiting their signaling. 11, 12  These cytokines are key drivers of type 2 inflammatory diseases such as asthma, atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis, eosinophilic esophagitis, and food allergies. 13  In the phase 3 LIBERTY ASTHMA VOYAGE (NCT02948959) study, add-on dupilumab 100/200 mg (bodyweight 30 kg/>30 kg) every 2 weeks versus placebo reduced severe asthma exacerbations and improved the percentage of predicted (pp) forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV 1 ) at week 12 in the 2 primary analysis populations: children aged 6 to 11 years with moderate-to-severe type 2 asthma (defined by the Global Initiative for Asthma [GINA]  14  as baseline blood eosinophil counts !150 cells/mL or fractional exhaled nitric oxide [FeNO]  !20 parts per billion [ppb]) and those with blood eosinophil counts !300 cells/mL at baseline-a subgroup of patients with type 2 inflammatory asthma of interest to clinicians.
Statistical analysis Data were analyzed according to the assigned intervention, irrespective of whether an intervention was received. Prespecified analyses were completed for the 2 coprimary populations for the change from baseline in prebronchodilator FEV 1 , ppFEV 1 , FVC, FEF 25%-75% , ppFEF 25%-75% , FEV 1 /FVC ratio, and postbronchodilator ppFEV 1 over time. The remaining analyses were post hoc. The change from baseline in spirometry values was analyzed using a mixed-effects model with a repeated-measures approach, which FIGURE 2. Distribution of patients over the pre-and postbronchodilator ppFEV 1 spectrum at study baseline and week 52 in children with moderate-to-severe type 2 asthma. BD, Bronchodilator; FEV 1 , forced expiratory volume in 1 second; pp, percent predicted. used, as appropriate, the change from baseline to week 52 in the respective endpoint (ie, pre-and postbronchodilator ppFEV 1 and FEV 1 , prebronchodilator ppFVC and FVC, ppFEF 25%-75% and FEF 25%-75% , and pre-and postbronchodilator FEV 1 /FVC ratio) as the response variable; and treatment group, baseline weight group ( 30 kg, >30 kg), region, ethnicity, baseline eosinophil count (<300 cells/mL, !300 cells/mL), baseline FeNO level (<20 ppb, 20 ppb), baseline ICS dose (medium/high), visit, treatment-byvisit interaction, baseline value of the respective endpoint as appropriate, and baseline-by-visit interaction as covariates.
Data sharing statement Qualified researchers may request access to patient-level data and related study documents after publication, including the clinical study report, study protocol with any amendments, blank case report form, statistical analysis plan, and dataset specifications. Patient-level data will be anonymized, and study documents will be redacted to protect the privacy of our trial participants. Further details on Sanofi's data sharing criteria, eligible studies, and process for requesting access can be found at: https://www. vivli. org.
These outcomes in the pediatric population are similar to those observed previously in a large trial (LIBERTY ASTHMA QUEST; NCT02414854) in adults and adolescents with moderate-to-severe asthma. 26  Similar to dupilumab asthma studies, the treatment effect of dupilumab was greater in patients with type 2 inflammation at baseline (indicated by elevated levels of blood eosinophils or FeNO), further confirming the role of IL-4 and IL-13 in airway inflammation and bronchial obstruction. Furthermore, it has been shown that IL-4 and IL-13 can induce hyper-responsiveness in small airways. 27  In addition, the consistent improvements observed across multiple spirometric measures (regardless of subgroup analysis) suggest that dupilumab might impact both large and small airways. This may explain the potential for dupilumab use to lead to sustained, long-term improvements in lung function.
Longer-term studies would be required to further demonstrate and confirm the potential long-term positive effect of dupilumab on airway remodeling, as well as other indices of lung function. The VOYAGE follow-on study, LIBERTY ASTHMA EXCURSION (NCT03560466), will include assessments of lung function over an additional 52 weeks of treatment with dupilumab. Data from VOYAGE establish dupilumab as the first monoclonal antibody to significantly and durably improve lung function in a randomized trial of children aged 6 to 11 years with moderate-to-severe asthma. 15  To date, IL-4/IL-13 suppression appears to be the only mechanism that leads to sustained improvements in lung function for pediatric patients with asthma. Most biologics have been evaluated in patients with severe asthma; at the time of this analysis, only omalizumab (an anti-IgE antibody) and more recently mepolizumab (an anti-IL-5 antibody)  28, 29  have been evaluated in patients with moderate asthma and approved for use in children aged 6 to 11 years.
Research was sponsored by  Sanofi  and  Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc (ClinicalTrials. gov Identifier:  NCT02948959 ). The study sponsor was involved in the study design, conduct, analysis, and interpretation of the data. The manuscript was written with assistance from an independent medical writing company funded by the study sponsors. All authors had access to study data presented in this publication and accept responsibility for the decision to submit for publication. Conflicts of interest:  L. B. Bacharier  has received speaker fees from  AstraZeneca ,  GSK ,  Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc , and  Sanofi ; personal fees from  OM Pharma ; and research support from  National Institutes of Health (NIH) ,  Sanofi , and  Vectura ; and has served on the data safety monitoring boards of  AstraZeneca ,  Cystic Fibrosis Foundation , and  DBV Technologies.
T. W. Guilbert  has received personal fees from the  American Board of Pediatrics ,  American Thoracic Society ,  Amgen ,  AstraZeneca ,  Genentech ,  GSK ,  OM Pharma ,  Polareon ,  Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc ,  Sanofi , and  Teva ; grants from  Amgen ,  AstraZeneca ,  GSK ,  NIH ,  Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc , and  Sanofi ; and royalties from  UpToDate. C. H. Katelaris  has been the principal investigator for the dupilumab asthma phase 2b ( NCT01854047 ) and phase 3 ( NCT02414854 ) studies for  Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc  and  Sanofi. A. Deschildre  has received speaker and consulting fees from  Aimmune Therapeutics ,  ALK ,  AstraZeneca ,  DBV Technologies ,  GSK ,.
Study design and population We analysed cross-sectional data from our ENT prospective, international cohort of patients with PCD (EPIC-PCD)-the first PCD cohort focused on upper respiratory disease  [15]  The EPIC-PCD study is hosted at the University of Bern (clinicaltrials. gov identifier: NCT04611516). We received ethical approval from each participating centre and ethics committee for human research in accordance with local legislation. We obtained informed consent or assent from either participants or parents or caregivers of participants 14 years or younger as previously described  [3, 16]. Our reporting conforms with the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) statement  [17].
Diagnosis and other clinical information from charts Participants were diagnosed at participating centres following ERS guidelines  [23]  as described in previous publications  [3, 16]. Ultrastructural defects were categorised based on the international consensus guideline for reporting transmission electron microscopy (TEM) results, which defined class 1 (hallmark, name outer dynein arm defects, outer and inner dynein arm defects, and microtubular disorganisation with inner dynein arm defects) and class 2 defects, such as central complex defects  [24]. Further data collected included information on laterality defects and prescribed medication for upper and lower airways. We entered all collected data in the Research Electronic Data Capture study database based on the FOLLOW-PCD modules  [18].
Study population By mid-May 2023, 504 (85%) of 596 invited patients enrolled into the EPIC-PCD study (Figure  1 ). Of them, 457 had data entered in the database and fulfilled eligibility criteria. We included 286 (63%) children and 171 (37%) adults; 54% male (table 1); median age 15 (interquartile range: IQR 10-24); 162 (35%) with situs inversus totalis; and 36 (8%) cardiovascular malformation-five with severe malformation, such as transposition of the great arteries. Height and weight were available for about 80% of the study population, half with normal BMI (table  1 ). Obesity class III was more prevalent among adults 31 years and above. We did not find any differences by sex for any of these characteristics. We present a summary of sinonasal examination findings used to define CRS and prescribed treatments in Table  S2.
Acknowledgements: We thank all people with PCD and their families participating in EPIC-PCD and PCD support organisations (especially  PCD Family Support Group UK ;  Association ADCP France ;  Kartagener Syndrom   und Primäre Ciliäre Dyskinesie e. V. Deutschland / Deutschschweiz;  Asociación Nacional de Pacientes con Discinesia Ciliar Primaria DCP España/PCD Spain ) for their close collaboration. We also thank all researchers of the participating centres involved in enrolment, data collection, and data entry who work closely with us (listed below as collaborators of the EPIC-PCD study). We are grateful for everyone who contributed to translations of the FOLLOW-PCD questionnaire in Dutch, Flemish, French, Norwegian, Spanish, and Turkish. Lastly, we thank  Kristin Marie Bivens  ( ISPM, University of Bern ) for her editorial assistance.
Availability of data and materials: Upon reasonable request, our datasets for the present study are available from the study PI, Dr. Myrofora Goutaki (myrofora. goutaki@unibe. ch). The EPIC-PCD dataset includes individual patient data of people with a rare disease. Although data are pseudonymised, data possibly still include sensitive information which possibly lead to identifying participants; therefore, participants were not asked to consent having their data deposited or shared publicly.
Digital technologies are becoming essential to address and optimize the suboptimal performance of healthcare systems. Teledentistry involves the use of information and communication technology to improve access to oral health care and the quality of oral health care delivery. Several systematic reviews (SRs) have been conducted to synthesize evidence on the effectiveness of teledentistry but with conflicting results. The aim of this review is to comprehensively summarize available SRs and provide evidence on the impact of teledentistry on access to oral care, patients' and oral healthcare providers' outcomes, quality of oral health care and costs. This protocol has been registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO CRD42022373964). Six electronic databases including MEDLINE (Ovid), Embase (Embase.
Study designs We will include systematic reviews with or without meta-analysis of quantitative (randomized control trials, quasi-experimental studies such as non-randomized controlled trials, before and after controlled studies and interrupted series studies, or observational studies), qualitative and mixed methods studies using any teledentistry modalities (asynchronous, remote monitoring, real-time, and mhealth). The term SR refers to a reproducible, standardized and transparent approach aiming to identify, evaluate and summarize the evidence from primary studies on a particular topic, thereby making it more accessible to decision-makers  [42]. We will include only SRs that have conducted searches in at least two databases, have clear inclusion/exclusion criteria, performed quality assessment, and synthesized included studies  [32, 42, 43].
Search strategy We will search electronic databases in MEDLINE (Ovid), Embase, CINAHL (EBSCO), Web of Science, The Cochrane Library and Epistemonikos (https://www. epistemonikos. org/) using a search strategy that has been developed using an interactive process by members of the research team with the support of an expert librarian. The search strategy will be conducted from database inception using the following keywords: ("teledentistry" OR "remote care*" OR "mobile health") AND ("reviews" OR "meta-analysis" OR "systematic review). We will also perform a search in Sociological Abstract (Proquest), Academic Search Premier (EBSCO), and Proquest Dissertations & Theses. We will contact experts in the field by email if additional data are required. In addition, we will check the reference lists of included SRs and any identified overviews for any eligible articles.
Data extraction Two research team members will independently perform data extraction using a form in Excel that is based on the JBI data extraction form for review of systematic reviews  [39]. The data extraction form is provided as S2 file. We will conduct a pilot data extraction on 10% of eligible SRs until a consensus on extracted data is reached between reviewers. Any discrepancies will be resolved through discussion, or by consultation with a third reviewer. We will not extract data from the primary studies included in the reviews, nor re-synthetize their findings. Extracted information will include: 1. Review characteristics: first author, year of publication, country, type of review with or without meta-analysis; aim of the study; publication language; published protocol; number of databases searched, range date of search strategy; any restrictions (e.
We employed several methods to ensure methodological and interpretive rigor. To ensure credibility, the coding team reported the nal codebook created after a series of debrie ng and coding meetings. 35  The open-ended questions that informed the responses provide information on the dependability of the study and the details of the study participants and the source of data provide information on the transferability of our ndings. 36  By reporting the counts of the meaning units of each theme and using quotes from the participants to explain the thematic domain, we ensured the con rmability of the study. 37  Human Subject Concern Ethical approval was obtained from the New York University Grossman School of Medicine Institutional Review Board (ID: i18-00607) and the PRIM-ER study protocol is reported on ClinicalTrials.
Study data The study data were taken from the VOIESUR (Vehicle-Occupant-Infrastructure Road-User Safety Studies project ANR11-VPTT-0007), which set up an information system based on analysis and meticulous coding of police reports, computerized and centralized by the TransPV agency, which provides insurance companies with police road accident reports  [11] [12] [13]. When necessary, the data collection services provided important missing elements such as accident diagrams, vehicle photographs or injury assessments. This collection of information was based on injury or fatal accidents collected by the police for the year 2011 in metropolitan France (excluding overseas territories). The database included all fatal accidents recorded in France (accidents with at least one person killed on the spot or within 30 days), all non-fatal injury accidents recorded in the Rhone department (administrative area of 1.
6 million inhabitants), and 1/20 (drawn at random) of the non-fatal injury accidents recorded in France (excluding the Rhone department). Consequently, the sampling weights applied were: 1 for all fatal accidents, 1 for non-fatal injury accidents in the Rhone department, 20 for non-fatal injury accidents outside the Rhone department. The database thus comprised 8,541 accidents, described in terms of more than 300 variables.
Type of journey After application of exclusion criteria detailed in the survey plan paragraph, a total of 7,051 police reports were analyzed. After weighting, 69,352 drivers were involved in a fatal or injury accident in France in 2011. 1,631 (2. 4%) had died within 30 days, 33,782 (49. 2%) were injured, 33,211 (48. 4%) were uninjured, and data were missing in 0. 6% of cases. Type of journey was known in 75. 2% of cases, and imputed in the other 24. 8%. After imputation, a majority of drivers (50. 2%) were on personal journeys, 15. 3% and 13. 3% commuting to or from work respectively, and 21. 1% traveling on duty.
). Finally, drivers commuting to or from work showed a greater impact of alcohol consumption on risk of responsibility for an accident. This is hard to explain, but may be due to workplace drinking by persons unused to alcohol and more susceptible to its effects. To our knowledge, no previous studies focused on risk of responsibility for an accident according to type of journey. The strong point of the study lay in its being founded on a database representative of all road accidents in France over a full year. The VOIESUR database moreover includes expert assessment of the responsibility of each driver involved in the accident. However, the study also had several limitations. For some items, there were up to 25% missing data. However, analyses were made taking account of this, and results suggest no significant biases or, especially, differentials.
Patients This retrospective study included all patients who were diagnosed with CPH at the Oral and Maxillofacial Department of Lille University Hospital from 2008 to 2020. Patients with surgically treated CPH were identi ed using the French National Diagnostic and Therapeutic Classi cation by searching the act code for coronoidectomy (LBFA025). Additionally, a systematic keyword search of the consultation letter database of the University Hospital in Lille was performed to identify possible non-surgical patients with CPH. Patients who underwent coronoidectomy for reasons other than CPH or whose medical les were incomplete, which meant that the panoramic radiograph or CT scan was missing or that the imaging was of very low quality, were excluded (Fig. 1 ). All procedures performed in the study were in accordance with the tenets of the Declaration of Helsinki.