dataesr/scientific-paragraphs-categorization huggingface dataset:
Low-Risk PREGNANCIES Low-risk pregnancies were selected from the TOCOS archives (TOrino Cagliari Observational Study  [21, 24] ). In this study, low-risk pregnancy is defined as a spontaneous singleton pregnancy occurring in a woman without pre-existing, systemic and localized diseases. The database presently gathers 1407 Low-risk singleton pregnancies observed in the two settings in the period 2009-2016.
Data Recorded The following data regarding egg donation pregnancies were recorded: Whenever available, the following information was also included: previous PE, previous miscarriages, any other maternal disease; previous assisted fertilization; family history of CKD, cardiovascular disorders or preeclampsia. Serum creatinine was recorded whenever available in the clinical charts or in the hospital laboratory records before and during hospitalization. Jaffé Method was employed up to 2017, when it was substituted by the enzymatic method.
Analysis of delivery over time was conducted according to Kapan Meier (outcome: timing of delivery; stratification according to comorbidity, testing the two subsets with all comorbid conditions and kidney diseases plus other relevant comorbidities); comparison between curves was made using the Log-Rank Test. ROC curves were tested for the outcomes' pre-term delivery and preeclampsia, employing serum creatinine and e-GFR as continuous variables. The analysis was performed with SPSS software v. 14. 0 (IMB Corp. , Chicago, IL, USA) and MedCalc v. 18 (MedCalc Software bvba, Ostend, Belgium).
Characteristics of the Patients with at least One Measure of Serum Creatinine To further analyse the relationship between kidney function and maternal-foetal outcomes, we analysed the kidney function data available during pregnancy. Due the particular characteristics of the study population (delivery in a public hospital, but assisted fertilisation procedure often performed in a private structure, frequently outside Italy), creatinine assessment, which is not a part of routine assessments in pregnancy, was available in only 42% of the cases, generally only at delivery. In this context, creatinine was more frequently assessed in complicated pregnancies, mainly in the context of preeclampsia and preterm delivery (Table  3 ). This is also witnessed by the association of creatinine availability with preeclampsia (24.
Furthermore, available kidney functional data were mainly measured shortly before delivery, and, in this context, it is not possible to conclude that there is a cause effect relationship between relative kidney function reduction and complications. However, the association is close enough to suggest that kidney function should be monitored from preconception counseling throughout pregnancy in all women undergoing egg donation. This study has the strong point of novelty, being the first one addressed at establishing the role of preconception comorbidity, in a population of women with pregnancies obtained via heterologous egg donation. However, it suffers from relevant methodological limitations: the assessment of comorbidity was retrospective and based upon clinical charts, and it is possible that the attention to classic risk factors for infertility (such as thyroid or immunologic diseases) was higher in comparison with other conditions.
Contents This is a citation summary for Melatonin receptors in the Guide to Pharmacology database (GtoPdb). It exists purely as an adjunct to the database to facilitate the recognition of citations to and from the database by citation analyzers. Readers will almost certainly want to visit the relevant sections of the database which are given here under database links. GtoPdb is an expert-driven guide to pharmacological targets and the substances that act on them. GtoPdb is a reference work which is most usefully represented as an on-line database. As in any publication this work should be appropriately cited, and the papers it cites should also be recognized. This document provides a citation for the relevant parts of the database, and also provides a reference list for the research cited by those parts.
7. On a different topic, the fact that some funds have a DR that is less than one may indicate that they are not long-only or composed of assets that are outside of the considered universe. Indeed, as we do not have access to their compositions, we cannot guarantee that they are invested solely in the MSCI USA selection. Finally, we refer to Appendix A. 2 for some additional illustrations of the theoretical results of this paper that are based on this dataset of funds. The fund depicted with a blue star is a theoretical and forward-looking EVW portfolio. The green curve depicts all the forward-looking constrained MDPs. The green curve and the dashed linethat depicts the identity -meet precisely at the forward-looking EVW portfolio. The fund in red is the MOST DIV TOBAM A/B US EQ-A that targets the highest investable DR whereas the fund in black replicates the S&P500 index.
qPCR amplification efficiency Amplification efficiency of each primer pair was determined through qPCR by a 5-point standard curve based on a 5-dilution series (1:10, 1:20, 1:40, 1:80 and 1:160) of cDNA samples. Most assays for the candidate genes studied showed an efficiency (E) within the desired optimal range of 90-110%. Some fell outside this range, but were nevertheless included in the analysis based on a linear relation between the inverse log 10 dilution value and the cycle threshold (C t ) (R 2 >0. 90) and a melt curve showing a single amplicon being formed. Selected primer pairs for the final candidate gene list are listed in Table  S4. Relative transcript levels were measured by qPCR using the SYBR Green method (PowerUp SYBR Green Master Mix, ThermoFisher Scientific). Fluorescence was measured with the CFX Connect Real-Time PCR Detection System (Bio-Rad Laboratories) and fluorescent data were analysed with the CFX Manager Software (Bio-Rad Laboratories) from which C t was obtained for subsequent analyses.
Hypothalamus The genes PRKCA, RPL19 and SDHA were selected as potential reference genes for hypothalamus samples. All three showed M<1. 5 according to geNorm, with M RPL19 and M PRKCA =0. 632 and M SDHA =0. 691. Further analysis resulted in VPRKCA, VRPL19 and VSDHA=0. 217, which is above the recommended V=0. 15 (see above). Close inspection of the data revealed three individual samples having strongly deviating amounts, in both the reference gene and candidate gene dataset, indicating decreased cDNA quality in these samples. These individuals were therefore removed from the dataset and the remaining data rerun in geNorm. Stability slightly increased (M RPL19 and M SDHA =0. 583, M PRKCA =0. 603) and V dropped closer to the cut-off point (V PRKCA-RPL19-SDHA =0. 179). We found very low variation (R 2 =0.
Liver We started with PRKCA, RPL19 and SDHA as potential reference genes for liver samples. All three reference genes showed an M<1. 5, with M RPL19 and M SDHA =0. 606 and M PRKCA =0. 830. Further analysis of V in geNorm resulted in V RPL19 , V SDHA and V PRKCA =0. 298, which is far above the recommended V=0. 15 (see above). Therefore, we ran an extra potential reference gene, B2M, in order to decrease V. In addition, one individual was removed from the dataset because of strongly deviating amounts. Analysis of the four reference genes in geNorm resulted in all genes showing M<1. 5 (M RPL19 and M SDHA =0. 606, M PRKCA =0. 650 and M B2M =0. 677) and a decreased V (V B2M , V PRKCA , V RPL19 and V SDHA =0. 149). Here, V B2M , V PRKCA , V RPL19 and V SDHA <0. 15 and, together with the high R 2 (Fig.
Acknowledgements We thank  Marylou Aaldering ,  Coretta Jongeling ,  Franca Kropman  and  Anouk de Plaa  for taking care of the birds. We also thank  Davide Dominoni  and  Barbara Helm  for help in selecting candidate genes,  Renske Jongen  for assistance during tissue collection, and  Jeroen Laurens  and  Gilles Wijlhuizen  for technical assistance prior to and during the experiments. We are grateful to the  Netherlands Institute of Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands , for making a laboratory available for cryo-sectioning the brain material.
Funding This study was supported by a  European Research Council Advanced  Grant (339092 -E-response to M. E. V. ). S. P. C. was supported by a grant from the  French National Research Agency (Agence Nationale de la Recherche ,  ANR-15-CE02-0005-01 ). S. L. M. was supported by a grant from the  Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC)   Institute Strategic Program ,  BB/PO13759/1.
Study design BaroTest participants were recruited using the 2016 Health Barometer (2016-HB), which was a national cross-sectional telephone survey on health behaviors and perceptions, conducted during the first semester of 2016 among a representative sample of the general population aged 15 to 75 years, able to speak French and living in mainland France (20,032 participants: 15,216 from the national sample, 4816 from regional subsamples). The 2016-HB sampling method was based on a random generation of landline and cellular phone numbers, then on a random selection of one individual among eligible household members  [23]. During the 40-min-long phone interview, in addition to socio-demographical characteristics, data related to HCV, HBV and HIV were collected as follows: history of testing during lifetime ("Have you ever been tested for hepatitis C / hepatitis B / HIV?"), result of the most recent test(s) ("Positive/negative/I don't know" for HCV and HIV; "I do not have hepatitis B/I had hepatitis B, but I am cured/I have hepatitis B/ I don't know" for HBV), history of HBV vaccination and risk exposure factors (e.
Data analysis Outcome CHC was defined by the detection of HCV RNA, and CHB by the detection of HBsAg. The prevalences of CHC and CHB were defined as the proportions of persons testing positive among the tested population and extrapolated to all 18-75 year olds in the general population in mainland France, using the 2016 population estimate from the French institute for statistics and economic studies (Insee). For each of these two diseases, the proportion of infected persons aware of their infection was defined as the proportion of people among those testing positive in the BaroTest study, who reported during the 2016-HB telephone interview that they had been previously screened for the disease and who replied "positive" when asked about the result of their most recent HCV test and/or replied "I have hepatitis B" when asked about HBV.
Statistical analysis 2016-HB data were weighted to take into account the probability of inclusion and were adjusted for sociodemographic data using the 2014 Insee Labour Force Survey (HB weight indicated as"wHB")  [23]. For the BaroTest sample, additional weights were constructed. The first was to take into account any differential participation rate according to gender, age, country of birth, region, educational level, household monthly income and level of urbanization of the place of residence. To do this, the quantile score method was used. Following a logistic regression estimating the response probability, the sample was divided into ten groups of equal size according to the response probability predicted by the model. In each group, the inverse of the observed response rate within each group was used as a corrective factor for non-response  [26] [27] [28] [29].
Conclusions The new estimates which this study provides for CHC and CHB prevalence and for the proportion of individuals aware of their infection in the adult general population living in mainland France, highlight the need for continued efforts to achieve WHO targets  [3]. The data collected by this study regarding levels of HCV and HBV screening in this population, will be of great use to guide decision-making regarding which new screening strategy to adopt. In addition, updating these data in a few years will provide the basis for analyzing the realworld effectiveness of the strategy finally implemented  [19]. Finally, home-based blood self-sampling may constitute a new effective tool for screening and epidemiological studies in the general population.
Acknowledgements We would like to acknowledge all the participants in the 2016 Health Barometer and BaroTest surveys, the IPSOS institute (in particular  Christophe David ,  Valérie Blineau ,  Farah El Malti ,  Elisabeth Diez , the investigators and team leaders) for the data collection, the  CDA  institute which handled the survey field audit, the teams from the national reference centers for viral hepatitis B, C and  Delta  ( Mélanie Wlassow ,  Lila Poiteau ,  Alexandre Soulier ,  Adrienne Reid  and  Laurence Ledit ) and for HIV ( Kevin Babaud ,  Céline Desouche ,  Damien Thierry ), and  Noémie Soullier  for her technical advice on non-response adjustment. We would also like to thank  Hélène Haguy  and  Béatrice Gallaine of Santé publique France  for their secretarial help, the  Regional health observatory of Ile-de-France (Catherine Embersin-Kyprianou ,  Valérie Féron ,  Isabelle Grémy ),  Bourgogne Franche-Comté  and  Midi-Pyrénées , and the  Regional health agency of Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur , for providing access to their 2016-HB regional subsamples.
Design and fabrication of magnetic target device A magnetic target device consisting of power supplies, magnetic field coils, a control circuit, and a control program was designed and fabricated, as shown in Fig. 4a. Two power supplies (P 1 and P 2 ) (model number: DH1765-5, Beijing Dahua Radio Instrument co. LTD, China) provide current for magnetic field coils. The magnetic field coils were designed by using Maxwell (Ansoft Inc. , PA, USA), and was fabricated by ourselves. Currents in coils were adjusted through the control program according to the requirement. The control program was compiled in a Microsoft Visual Studio (community 2010) using C++ scripting language. The control circuit was established by solid-state relays whose states were set by the control program through the on-off output of the data acquisition card; the switchover of solid-state relays modulates the current state.
Model Validation In this section, we first investigate the usage of CCMI model data as input for the TUV radiative transfer model. The results are compared against present-day climatological values of UV irradiance obtained from ground-based and satellite measurements. According to  Koepke et al. (1998) , the UVI modelling error is about 5 % for a coverage factor of 2 standard deviation. We gathered UVI data spanning at least the period from 2000 to 2017 for six stations representing six latitudinal bands. The various stations and their characteristics are presented in Table  4. They are all part of the Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change (NDACC)  (De Mazière et al. , 2018). UV measurements at these stations are made by a spectroradiometer. Just like UVI obtained by the model, UVI is obtained from the spectral irradiance.
These types of measurements have an uncertainty of about 5%. All of these stations began measuring UV in the early 2000s, except for Reunion Island where observations started in 2009. In order to compare the ground-based measurements to our modelling results, we filter cloudy conditions with the clear-sky flag provided with each station's measurements. We also select data with a SZA as close as possible to the SZA at local noon, with no more than 2. 5° difference. A 10 day average around the 15th of each month was made in order to be consistent with satellite data and avoid numerous missing values. From this we derive a monthly climatology for the 2005-2017 period (UVI GB ). From the closest grid point of the UVI MEAN and UVI MEDIAN simulation, we derive the same UVI monthly climatology. We do this only for the refC2 simulation.
While the closest mean relative difference is observed for the MOCAGE model, that is also the model one with the highest variability. In all cases, UVI computed from CCMI models are lower than UVI OMI. As stated before previous studies on UVI OMI validation against ground-based spectral measurements found a systematic overestimation. Therefore, in the present study, it is coherent to find lower values of simulated UVI compared to the UVI OMI. As a last test, we took the TOZ fields from the 18 models that performed a refC2 simulation from 2000 to 2010 and used them as input for TUV. From there we obtained 18 UVI fields covering the same period and calculated the median, hereafter UVI ALLM. The average (over the period 2000 to 2010) of the relative difference between these two data sets (UVI ALLM and UVI MEDIAN ) is presented in Fig.
The aim of this study was to screen the antimicrobial and acaricidal activity of 20 endemic or indigenous plants from Reunion Island (Indian Ocean). Plants were chosen on the basis of their traditional uses and their biocidal activities found in the literature. A survey was conducted in the local population to assess and supplement knowledge about the selected plants. The collected information confirmed and/or supplemented the data obtained for nine plants. Seven plants were described for the first time for their traditional uses in medicine and ethnoveterinary practices. To evaluate their biocidal activities, leaves or bark were treated with ethyl acetate using an accelerated solvent extraction method. Six bacteria and five fungi, frequently implicated in infectious diseases, were used to assess the antimicrobial activity of these extracts.
Preparation of crude extracts The 20 plants chosen in this study were collected between 2009 and 2013 in different forests of Reunion Island. As described above, the selection criteria of the plants were (1) their biological status, (2) the availability of information concerning traditional practices and/or (3) data for biocidal activity of each species found in the literature or for the genus if no data were available concerning the species. This information is summarized in Table  1. The plant materials were identified by the botanists Jacques Fournel and Professor Dominique Strasberg (Faculty of Science and Technology, University of La Réunion). Voucher specimens are kept and were deposited in the Herbarium of the University.
Questionnaire design and data collection A small-scale survey of the general population was carried out in Reunion Island from October 2015 to February 2016. The questionnaire was adapted from previous studies  (Grønhaug et al. , 2008; Samoisy and Mahomoodally, 2015). Data were recorded via face-toface interviews in the local language (Créole) or French, depending on the interviewee. The first section concerned general information about gender, age, and place of residence. The second section concerned the knowledge of the selected plants and their traditional uses. Nonspecialist people (n = 55) were randomly chosen and interviewed in the street, at their home or in their garden. Nineteen municipalities out of 24 were covered in this study. In addition, four traditional healers, one pharmacist, two ethnobotanists and one farmer were interviewed about the medicinal usages of the 20 studied plants.
Antimicrobial activities of the selected plants Crude extracts were prepared using ethyl acetate as solvent, and were tested against the different microorganisms. Table  2  shows the results obtained for plants displaying antibacterial activity for at least one bacteria/fungi. The antimicrobial activity varied greatly according to the tested species. The leaves of Carissa spinarum, Indigofera ammoxylum, Psiadia amygdalina, Sophora denudata, Vernonia fimbrillifera, Zanthoxylum heterophyllum displayed no antimicrobial activity. The same result was found for the bark of Psiadia dentata and P. retusa and for the leaves and bark of P. laurifolia. Sixteen extracts inhibited at least one microbial species. Among these positive extracts, 12 had a zone of growth inhibition greater than 10 mm: Antidesma madagascariense (bark), Callophylum tacamahaca (leaves), Croton mauritianus (leaves), Monimia rotundifolia (leaves), Psiadia amygdalina (bark), Poupartia borbonica (leaves), Psiadia boivinii (leaves), Psiadia retusa (leaves), Secamone volubilis (leaves), Sophora denudata (bark), Stillingia lineata (leaves) and Terminalia bentzoe (leaves).
Acknowledgements The authors are very grateful to  D. Strasberg  and  J. Fournel  ( UMR C_53 PVBMT ), H. Thomas ( Parc National de La Réunion ) and  G. Begue  for their contributions to species collection and plant material identification. Thanks to the following students for their technical contributions:  L. Rivière ,  A. Fabre ,  M. Marchand  and  E. Grondin. The authors would like also to thank  Anowo Ltd. for providing nylon paper.
Further, our prescription suggests a method for extracting the exact anomalies of a holographic SCFT from its gravity dual. The 't Hooft anomalies of a d-dimensional QFT are neatly encoded in the (d + 2)-form anomaly polynomial. In this letter we derive the anomaly polynomials of 4d N = 2 class S SCFTs with regular punctures engineered from the 6d (2, 0) A N -1 SCFTs. First, we describe the relevant geometric setup from a stack of N M5-branes in M-theory, and the inflow procedure. Then we provide a novel description of the boundary data at punctures in terms of the four-form flux of M-theory. Finally, we compute the anomaly polynomial and discuss its implications for holography. A companion paper  [7]  to this letter contains more complete derivations and a broader study of the results and their implications.
The puncture data is determined by the branching pattern of the M5-branes which governs the flavor symmetry of the 4d theory. From the point of view of M-theory, the combined system of the M5-brane stack and the 11d bulk enjoys a nonanomalous diffeomorphism invariance. The total system is free from local anomalies in 11d due to a cancellation between the anomaly generated by the chiral massless degrees of freedom localized on W 6 , and anomaly inflow from the bulk. The anomaly inflow from the bulk amounts to a classical anomalous variation of the M-theory effective action under 11d diffeomorphisms, due to the presence of the M5-brane stack. The latter acts as a magnetic source for the M-theory four-form G 4 with delta-function support on W 6 , dG 4 = 2π N δ W6. In order to analyze anomaly inflow in the supergravity approximation we must smooth out the delta-function singularity  [8, 9].
CONCLUSION AND APPLICATIONS TO HOLOGRAPHY In this letter we provided a first principles derivation of the anomaly polynomials of 4d N = 2 A N -1 class S theories with arbitrary regular punctures, using anomaly inflow in the corresponding M-theory setup with N M5branes wrapping a punctured Riemann surface. In our approach, the puncture data are entirely specified by the topological properties of the 11d geometry and G 4 flux in the vicinity of the puncture. Remarkably, the anomaly inflow cancels exactly the known anomalies of the 4d SCFTs, up to the contribution of the center-ofmass free tensor multiplet on the M5-brane stack. Our method for analyzing N = 2 regular punctures is generalizable to irregular punctures and setups with less supersymmetry. Many interesting QFTs can be realized via branes probing geometries in string theory and Mtheory.
Acknowledgments. We are grateful to  J. Distler ,  T. Dumitrescu ,  K. Intriligator ,  J. Kaplan ,  C. Lawrie ,  G. Moore ,  S. Schäfer-Nameki ,  J. Song ,  Y. Tachikawa ,  A. Tomasiello , and  Y. Wang  for interesting conversations and correspondence. The work of EN is supported in part by  DOE  grant  de-sc0009919 , and a  UC President's Dissertation Fellowship. The work of IB and FB is supported in part by  NSF  grant  PHY-1820784. Part of this work was performed at the  Aspen Center for Physics , which is supported by  NSF  grant  PHY-1607611.