dataesr/scientific-paragraphs-categorization huggingface dataset:
6F ). This may be due to the observed decrease of DNA compaction in these KI mice, which is further decrease upon exposure to 7. 5 mg/kg of cocaine (Fig. 6G ). The impact of Arc deficiency on behavioral alteration induced by cocaine, was further assessed in the Conditioned Place Preference (CPP) paradigm, which measures the ability of mice to associate the rewarding properties of the drug with environmental cues. With a low dose of 2. 5 mg/kg of cocaine, which does not trigger CPP in Wt mice, KI mice displayed a clear preference for cocaine-paired chamber in KI mice (Fig. 6H-I ). Altogether, these data demonstrate that Arc deficiency exacerbates molecular and behavioral alterations induced by cocaine.
This work was supported by Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), University Pierre et Marie Curie Paris VI (UPMC), Agence Nationale pour la Recherche (ANR), Fondation Jérôme Lejeune, Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale (FRM), the Bio-Psy labex cluster of excellence and the Ecole des Neurosciences de Paris (ENP). SM and DSM were the recipients of a fourth-year fellowship from the labex Bio-Psy. SJE was the recipient of fellowship from the ENP network. ML had a post-doc fellowship from the Association Française contre la Myopathie (AFM). Authors wish to thank the imaging and animal house facilities of the Institute of Biology Paris Seine (IBPS) as well as Dr Nicolas Heck for his helpful advises on confocal imaging and Dr Antoine Besnard for instrumental comments on immunohistochemistry experiments.
Statistics The data were analyzed using the SPSS Base 18. 0 statistical software package (SPSS Inc, Chicago, IL). Normality of continuous data was assessed with the Kolmogorov Smirnov test. Because not all data sets were normally distributed we used the median [1st quartile -3rd quartile] for descriptive statistics unless otherwise stated. Independent samples were compared using the Kruskal-Wallis test followed by a pairwise Mann-Whitney test, with correction for multiple testing by the Benjamini-Hochberg false discovery rate test. Two-tailed p values smaller than 0. 05 were considered significant.
At initiation of mechanical ventilation, LPS aspiration was associated with an alteration of respiratory mechanics (lower quasi-static and dynamic compliances, higher dynamic elastance and peak inspiratory pressure) as compared to saline aspiration in both WT (WT (LPS+MV) vs. WT (MV) ) and IL-6KO mice (IL-6KO (LPS+MV) vs. IL-6KO (MV) ). These differences were not altered by injections of rHuIL-6. We assessed the relative decrease in the quasi-static compliance during the ventilator protocol as previously described. We found a greater alteration in lung compliance in mice exposed to LPS + MV as compared to mice exposed to mechanical ventilation alone (-25. 9% Peak Pr H0 post-VHS Data are presented as median [25th-75th percentile] Abbreviations: Peak Pr peak inspiratory pressures, Cstat quasi-static compliance of the respiratory system (calculated using a pressure-volume curve), Cdyn dynamic compliance of the respiratory system (calculated using the single frequency forced oscillation technique), Edyn dynamic elastance of the respiratory system (calculated using the single frequency forced oscillation technique).
Mature queens were also easily distinguished from freshly mated queens or gynes, by obvious differences in gaster morphology (especially gaster color) (Fig  1 ), as well as by their strong attractiveness to workers  [35]. In order to document those morphological changes, images of gynes and mature queens gasters were generated using a Leica DMC2900 digital camera mounted on a Leica M205A stereomicroscope. Composite 3D images were assembled using Leica Application Suite (Version 4. 5. 0. ) software package. To obtain mated queens, gynes were individually placed, together with five males, in a plastic Petri dish (8. 5 cm in diameter), with Fluon1-coated sides. Mating and dealation (wing shedding) behaviors generally occurred whithin a couple of hours. Soon after fertilization, each mated gyne was placed in a glass test-tube (10 cm in length, 1 cm in diameter) that was provided with a water reservoir at the bottom of the tube, surrounded by a red plastic film, and whose open end was closed by a cotton plug.
MLST MLST was performed as described previously  (Jones et al. , 2003)  and sequence type (ST) assignment was done according to the S. agalactiae MLST database (http://pubmlst. org/sagalactiae). Analysis of DNA sequences was performed by using the Bionumerics software (Applied Maths, Sint-Martens-Latem, Belgium). Alleles and sequence types not previously described were deposited in the S. agalactiae MLST database. The goeBURST algorithm implemented in PHYLOViZ software  (Nascimento et al. , 2017)  was used to establish relationships between STs. Clonal complexes (CCs) were defined at the singlelocus-variant (SLV) level.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Members of the  Portuguese Group for the Study of Streptococcal Infections :  Henrique Oliveira  ( Centro Hospitalar de Coimbra ),  Teresa Vaz ,  Marília Gião ,  Rui Ferreira  ( Centro Hospitalar do Barlavento Algarvio ),  Ana Cristina Silva ,  Hermínia Costa ,  Maria Fátima Silva ,  Maria Amélia Afonso  ( Centro Hospitalar de Entre Douro e Vouga) ,  Ana Domingos ,  Gina Marrão ,  José Grossinho  ( Hospital de Santo André, Leiria ),  Paulo Lopes ,  Luísa Felício ,  Angelina Lameirão  ( Centro Hospitalar de Vila Nova de Gaia/Espinho ),  Ana Paula Mota Vieira ,  Margarida Tomaz  ( Centro Hospitalar do Alto Ave ),  Maria Helena Ramos ,  Ana Paula Castro  ( Centro Hospitalar do Porto ),  Nuno Canhoto ,  Teresa Afonso  ( Hospital Central do Funchal ),  Margarida Pinto ,  Odete Chantre ,  João Marques ,  Isabel Peres ,  Isabel Daniel ,  Ema Canas ,  Teresa Ferreira ,  Cristina Marcelo  ( Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Central ),  Lurdes Monteiro ,  Luís Marques Lito  ( Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte ),  Filomena Martins ,  Maria Ana Pessanha ,  Elsa Gonçalves ,  Teresa Morais ,  Teresa Marques ,  Cristina Toscano  ( Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Ocidental ),  Ana Paula Castro  ( Hospital de Vila Real ),  Graça Ribeiro ,  Rui Tomé ,  Celeste Pontes ,  Luísa Boaventura ,  Catarina Chaves ,  Teresa Reis  ( Hospitais da Universidade de Coimbra ),  Ana Buschy Fonseca  ( Hospital de Cascais ),  Manuela Ribeiro ,  Helena Gonçalves  ( Hospital de São João, Porto ),  Alberta Faustino ,  Adelaide Alves ,  Maria Cármen Iglesias  ( Hospital de Braga ),  Luísa Cabral ,  Olga Neto  ( Hospital dos SAMS, Lisboa ),  Luísa Sancho  ( Hospital Dr.
6). Recently, Ref. [19]  reported a global fit in the SMEFT to LEP-2 W W and LHC Higgs signalstrength data, by working consistently at O(Λ - 2  ). In particular, the analysis considered only D = 6 operator interference with the SM, under the Minimal Flavor Violation (MFV) assumption, in which case the full set of relevant linear combinations of D = 6 operator affecting that analysis is limited to ten. The result of that fit projected to aTGC is (1. 5) Interestingly enough, the combination of the two datasets lifts the flat direction present in each of them taken separately  [19]. As a result, the bounds do not change significantly when the (formally subleading) dim-6 squared contributions are included in the analysis. Thus, these results constitute robust and model-independent bounds on the aTGC.
This can be understood from a simple matching of the Wilson coefficients to the UV parameters of the theory: c (6) i ∼ c (8) j ∼ g 2 * , where g * denotes the coupling strength of the SM currents to the BSM resonances. 3 his implies that, if g * 1, the dim-6 squared terms dominate over the linear dim-8 by a factor g 2 * /g 2 SM 1. Consequently, "standard" aTGC analysis of LHC data is justified for these BSM scenarios. Even in such cases it is convenient to perform the EFT analysis using different cuts on the appropriate kinematical variables  [28, 29]. In this way, the applicability of the EFT analysis is extended to a wider range of BSM models in which a new state is not far from the scales being probed at the LHC. However, the relevant variable that controls the validity range of EFT (partonic center-of-mass energy ŝ) turns out to be hard to reconstruct experimentally.
Finally, we conclude in Section 5. The two Appendices A and B include a detailed discussion on the helicity amplitudes relevant to diboson production. 2 Considerations about the EFT validity 2. 1 Total cross section of W W and W Z processes Before performing the complex numerical analysis of LHC data, it is convenient to have an initial look at the relevant total cross sections and their naive sensitivity to aTGC. As mentioned in the Introduction, these observables are also sensitive to other nonstandard effects, such as those modifying the Z and W propagators, or their couplings to light fermions. However, given the model-independent constraints from electroweak precision data  [2] , the W W and W Z cross sections effectively constrain 3 linear combinations of Wilson coefficients of dim-6 operators that correspond to the aTGC  [1].
Third column shows the energy range for which dim-6×dim-6 dominates over SM×dim-6 for a given operator. aTGC bounds in the EFT approach will be carried out with the prescription described in Section 2. In addition to the analyses mentioned above, ATLAS  [20]  (CMS  [36] ) also measured W + W -(W ± Z) process in the fully leptonic channel at √ s = 8 TeV, using the full data set. The analysis by ATLAS uses the transverse momentum of the leading lepton (p lead T ) to set limits on aTGC whereas the CMS result has not been interpreted as the limit on aTGC. We opt not to recast these searches here. Once again, adding them to our analysis should not change our result significantly, and it is not crucial for our purpose of discussing how to set bounds on aTGC consistently within the EFT approach. For similar reasons, we also do not recast the analyses using the data at √ s = 7 TeV.
3, excluding the lepton itself, is less than 10% of the p T (l). The dilepton system is further restricted to satisfy p T ( ) > 30 GeV and m > 12 GeV. The remaining particles in an event are clustered into anti-k T jets with R jet = 0. 5 using the FastJet package  [41]. The reconstructed jets are required to have p T (j) > 30 GeV and |η(j)| < 4. 5. The events with more than one reconstructed jet are vetoed. The missing transverse momentum, E miss T , is defined as the Our procedure successfully reproduces the number of events of q q → W + W -for different lepton flavors in both zero and one-jet category (see Table  4  of Ref. [21] ) within few % discrepancy, validating our analysis. 7 Since the gg → W + W -process represents only a ∼ 3% contribution to the total cross section, the aTGC contribution arising from it is certainly sub-leading.
This is unlike the limits from Higgs+LEP2 combined dataset  [19]  where the linearized fit (shown in blue) leads to similar results as the one including quadratic corrections. In fact, the observables of this analysis (Higgs signal strengths and e + e -→ W + W -differential cross section) receive large SM contribution and the dominant new physics effect occurs at order Λ -2 due to the interference of dim-6 operators with the SM. Nonetheless, as mentioned before, in a large class of models, dim-6 squared terms dominate over linear dim-8 in the low-energy EFT. In these situations stronger bounds from the quadratic fit can be applied. This class of models includes, but is not necessarily limited to 9 , strongly coupled models. 3. 2 W ± Z → ± ν + - In the ATLAS W ± Z analyses (both 8 and 13 TeV)  [31, 32] , limits on aTGC are derived from the transverse mass spectrum of the W Z system (m W Z T ) imposing no upper cut on the momentum transfers in the process.
Note that, for this example, the true (direct) limits are always stronger than the ones derived indirectly by recasting the limits on the aTGC. Thus, the EFT approach provides a conservative limit on the parameters, even without restricting the kinematic range of experimental data used in the analysis. This example suggests that diboson measurements at the √ s = 8 TeV LHC can be adequately described using the SMEFT provided the EFT cut-off (or the scale of the BSM particles) is at least 3 TeV. For √ s = 13 TeV LHC the necessary cut-off is expected to be even larger. For a lower cut-off, the limits on BSM models derived by recasting limits on the aTGC may have an order 1 error. Since the parameters of the low-energy EFT at the leading order depend on the cut-off as 1/Λ 2 , they carry a large suppression factor for Λ 3 TeV.
Conclusions On the one hand, it is well known that the EFT interpretation of (relatively) high-p T processes at the LHC -such as diboson production, associated and VBF Higgs production, or even dark matter searches -presents some challenges. On the other hand, the large amount of data gathered by the LHC on these processes, also considering the ever-increasing experimental and theoretical precision, has the potential to offer important insights on possible BSM scenarios, complementing the information obtained from LEP and precision low-energy experiments. In particular, this paper discusses in detail some of the most relevant challenges encountered while interpreting W W and W Z production at the LHC as measurements of anomalous triple gauge coupling in the context of the SMEFT. In principle, the leading BSM contribution to the relevant differential distributions should arise at O(Λ -2 ), due to the interference between SM and dim-6 operators.
In particular, including both interference and dim-6 squared terms we confirm that aTGC bounds from the LHC are stronger than the LEP ones. These results signify that the strong LHC bounds are dominantly due to the quadratic terms. In consequence, the LHC limits on aTGCs cannot be trivially combined with other datasets, since the likelihood is not approximately Gaussian. For this reason, we encourage experiments to publish the full likelihood function for the aTGCs (rather than just central values and errors), which would allow theorists to easily perform a combination with other datasets and derive correct limits on BSM models. The smallness of some of the interference terms at the LHC can be understood by an analysis of the relevant SM and BSM helicity amplitudes  [27] , and is due to ∼ m W /E suppression factors appearing in the SM or BSM part of the amplitude (see Section 2.
European Unions Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreements No 690575 and No 674896. M. G. -A. is grateful to the LABEX Lyon Institute of Origins (ANR-10-LABX-0066) of the Université de Lyon for its financial support within the program ANR-11-IDEX-0007 of the French government. AG and DM are supported in part by the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNF) under contract 200021-159720. MS and AG thank the Mainz Institute for Theoretical Physics (MITP) while DM thanks the DESY Research Centre for hospitality during the completion of part of this work.
the European Unions Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreements No 690575 and No 674896. M. G. -A. is grateful to the LABEX Lyon Institute of Origins (ANR-10-LABX-0066) of the Université de Lyon for its financial support within the program ANR-11-IDEX-0007 of the French government. AG and DM are supported in part by the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNF) under contract 200021-159720. MS and AG thank the Mainz Institute for Theoretical Physics (MITP) while DM thanks the DESY Research Centre for hospitality during the completion of part of this work.
QD-encoded microbeads were analyzed with the use of a FACSCanto flow cytometer (Becton Dickinson, USA). The three-color spectral code of the microbeads was excited with a blue laser (488 nm), and the fluorescence intensity was analyzed in three channels: FITC (530/30 nm), PE (575/25 nm), and PerCP (695/40 nm). The data were processed using the FACSDiva software (Becton Dickinson, USA).
The ability to reach absolute stall illustrates one of the advantages of our magnetic tweezers assay. (C) the magnets are close to the sample (field of 20 mT; schematic on the right) and the magnetic torque stalls the motor. In (A), the full trace is approximately 15 s, and in (B) and (C), the full traces are approximately 30 s. In (A) and (B), the red lines are ellipses that have been fit to the data. In (C), the red line is a previous ellipse fit to rotation data of the same motor (the fit obtained in (B)). Average rotation speed versus magnetic field. As a quantitative indicator of motor performance, we extract the average speed of rotation from the angular signal. The average speed as a function of magnetic field strength was obtained for two different strains: a non-switching strain, in which the motors rotate exclusively counter clockwise (Fig.
Acknowledgements We thank  Seungkyu Ha ,  Yera Ye. Ussembayev ,  Richard Janissen , and  Hubertus J. E. Beaumont  for discussions,  Richard M. Berry  and  Ren Lim  for providing the strains, and  Theo van Laar  for the remaining help with the bacteria. This work is supported by  NanoNextNL , a micro and nanotechnology consortium of the Government of the Netherlands and 130 partners, and by the  Foundation for Fundamental Research on Matter (FOM).
Southern blot analysis of telomere length Individual colonies were inoculated into 2 ml yeast extract peptone adenine dextrose (YPAD) medium at 30 • C. Spore colonies from tetrad plates were serially restreaked onto YPAD plates. Genomic DNAs were digested with KpnI (New England Biolabs) and separated by 1% agarose gel electrophoresis and transferred to Genescreen Plus membrane (PerkinElmer). The blot was probed by a 550-bp 32 Plabeled (Invitrogen) EcoRI fragment of the TG 1-3 sequence. For survivor type analysis, individual colonies from dissected spores were repeatedly restreaked on YPAD plates at 30 • C. The genomic DNAs of survivors were digested with a mixture of four-base cutters (AluI, HaeIII, HinfI and MspI) or XhoI. The telomere length images were quantified and analyzed by ImageQuant TL software (GE healthcare).
Primers used in this study are listed in Supplementary Table  S4. The amount of DNA in ChIP and input samples was quantitated using real-time PCR (BioRad CFX Connect). All real-time experiments were conducted according to MIQE Guidelines  (58)  and checklist (Supplementary Table  S5 ). Each real-time PCR reaction (20 l) contained sample DNA, 1× KAPA SYBR ® FAST qPCR Master Mix (KAPA BIOSYSTEMS) and 0. 2 M primers. PCR amplification was performed at 95 • C 3 min, then 40 cycles of 95 • C 3 s, 55 • C 1 min, followed by melt curve 65-95 • C (increment 0. 5 • C per 5 s). The data were analyzed by Bio-Rad CFX Manager 3. 1 software (Bio-Rad) and presented as fold enrichment of telomeric sequence over the non-telomeric ARO1 sequence in the same samples. Data were shown as the mean plus or minus one standard deviation (error bars).
To determine whether Tel1 and Mec1 can directly phosphorylate Rap1, IP-kinase assay was conducted using immunoprecipitated Tel1 or Mec1 kinases and recombinant Rap1 substrates. As shown in Fig-  ure 2E , Tel1 and Mec1 both phosphorylated recombinant Rap1, but not Rap1-S731A, in vitro. These data indicate that telomere length shortening triggers Tel1/Mec1 to directly phosphorylate Rap1. To identify at which cell cycle   stage Rap1 is phosphorylated, WT cells were synchronized with ␣ factor and released. The phosphorylation of Rap1 S731 was observed throughout the cell cycle without obvious perturbation (Supplementary Figure  S4A  and B ), suggesting that phosphorylation of Rap1 S731 is not regulated by cell cycle.
Rap1 S731 phosphorylation does not modulate the Sir3 occupancy on telomeres Sir proteins compete with Rif proteins for binding to Rap1  (25, 79). Moretti et al. previously demonstrated that Rif1 and Sir3 compete for binding to the carboxyl domain of Rap1  (26) , and the Sir complex contributes to telomere position effect  (64). Our data revealed that Rif1 binding was affected by S731 mutation. Hence, we were interested in whether S731 phosphorylation could also change the Rap1-Sir3 interaction. To examine this possibility, yeast two-hybrid assay was performed between LexA/Rap1 and GAD/Sir3 fusion proteins. Mutation of S731 did not alter the Rap1-Sir3 interaction (Supplementary Figure  S9A ). To further confirm this finding, HA-tagged Sir3 was expressed in sir3 mutant cells. Endogenous Rap1 was precipitated by anti-Rap1 antibodies and co-precipitated Sir3-HA 3 was examined.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We thank  Ginger Zakian ,  Daniel Gottschling ,  Akira Matsuura ,  Thomas D. Petes ,  Elizabeth A. Feeser  and  Jing-Jer Lin  for the gifts of plasmids and yeast strains, and  Meng-Hsun Hsieh ,  Hsuan-Ming Chen  and  Stéphane Marcand  for their critical reading of the manuscript.
Introduction More and more Internet of Things applications are based on connected objects carried by human. These objects are not only smartphones but also smartwatches, smartglasses, and the future smart clothes. The processing of signals recorded by the embedded sensors enables monitoring physical activities, providing personal services, and calculating the travelled path. Thanks to this evolution, transport services are able to directly target the travellers along their multimodal journey. This evolution supports novel mobility services for connected travellers thanks to online geolocalized data about on-foot traffic or public transit. Irrespective of the targeted application, access to accurate, continuous, and reliable localization of connected objects in indoor and outdoor spaces is essential to develop new personal mobility services  [1]  and remains a challenging task  [2].
Contrary to existing approaches, like principal component analysis, which search for the energy main axis, a statistical model based approach is adopted  [22]. During a training phase, horizontal acceleration is modelled by a Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM) knowing the walking direction and motion state. Motion state is an output of the classification and the walking direction can be computed by GPS outdoors or using building constraints. Figure  11  shows the GMM outcome with two modes for one    dataset of accelerations. An Expectation and Maximization algorithm is used to build the GMM with a zero-degree misalignment between the pointing direction of the handheld device and the walking direction. Likelihood maximization is used to find the correct GMM and estimate the walking direction knowing the observations.
" Some native Matlab functions require the input variables to be known a priori for generating the transcoded program. Sometimes, complex function such as filtfilt used on a wholewindow dataset can be replaced by easier ones like mean or median on smaller sliding windows. The most complex case is when native Matlab functions are not supported by automatic transcoding toolbox as it is the case for Hilbert function  [25]. All manual adjustments shall be uploaded and integrated in the high-level code to ease the software maintenance. Secondly, simplicity shall be targeted. Because the toolbox can produce numerous files, which depend on the options selected for transcode in C/C++, a static or dynamic library is first generated and added to the project to simplify the  It is also important to deploy a validation process.