dataesr/scientific-paragraphs-categorization huggingface dataset:
Accordingly, the most reliable data to estimate the start date of an OS was OPU; however, by using OPU to define the index date, we were not able to study canceled cycles. Furthermore, because the duration of time from stimulation to birth was considered continuous (AnderseneGill model), we are unable to determine the probability of pregnancy after each cycle. However, as the average number of cycles undertaken in this study was relatively low, this model was appropriate. As the study methodology only allowed us to identify adverse events leading to hospitalization in the SNDS database, the totality of adverse events was probably underestimated. Furthermore, because only OHSS leading to hospitalization was recorded, it was not possible to differentiate between the occurrence of moderate and severe OHSS.
Conclusions We report the results of a comparative non-interventional study using data from the French National Health Database (SNDS) on real-world live birth outcomes following OS leading to OPU. After adjustment for potential confounding variables that have been reported/validated to affect clinical outcomes after OS for ART treatment, compared with r-hFSH alfa originator treatment with biosimilars resulted in a 19% lower chance of live birth (adjusted OR 0. 81, 95% CI 0. 76e0. 86) and a 14% lower probability of cumulative live birth (adjusted HR 0. 86, 95% CI 0. 82e0. 89), whereas treatment with urinaries (mainly HP-hMG) resulted in a 7% lower chance of live birth (adjusted OR 0. 93, 95% CI 0. 90e0. 96) and an 11% lower chance of cumulative live birth (adjusted HR 0. 89, 95% CI 0. 87e0.
Acknowledgments The authors thank  Professor Nicholas Moore Bordeaux PharmacoEpi ,  Inserm   CIC 1401 ,  University of Bordeaux , for his advice on the methodology for the analyses in this study. The authors also like to thank the  Direction de la Strat egie, des Etudes et des Statistiques  (DSES), D epartement  Acc es, Traitement et Analyse de la Donn ee (DATAD) , and  Cellule de la CNAM en Charge de l'accompagnement des Demandes D'extraction (DEMEX)  teams at the  Caisse Nationale de l'Assurance maladie (CNAM)  for the data extraction. The authors would also like to thank  Steven Goodrick , inScience Communications, Springer Healthcare Ltd. , for providing medical writing support in the preparation of this article. This work was funded by  Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany.
Since grazing intensities vary over the year, we measured the seasonal variations of such properties. The objective was to address the following questions: (i) is soil fertility improved by deposition of dung and urine by livestock? (ii) are soil microbial variables altered by grazing management? (iii) do soil chemical and biological parameters vary seasonally? (iv) are there any significant correlations between soil C and N contents and biological parameters under the different grazing regimes? The findings of the current study were expected to contribute to further understand the effects of long-term grazing management on natural rangelands, and provide informative data to optimize management of these ecosystems.
Data analysis One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare soil bulk density, pH, EC, K, P, and Ca between the three grazing management regimes since they were measured on the first soil sampling occasion in spring 2019. The effects of grazing management regime and seasonal factors on those variables, in each season, were tested with two-way ANOVA. Prior to ANOVA, the normality of the variables was checked by the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, and Levene's test was used to examine the equality of variances. Simple linear correlation and regression analyses were used to characterize the relationships between soil C and N contents and microbial activities across different grazing management types. All statistical analyses were conducted using the SPSS v. 16 statistical software package.
(2007) , we observed that soil fungal biomass declined to about a third in response to unlimited grazing when compared with grazing exclusion or even managed grazing. According to  Goomaral et al. (2019) , shifts in soil fungal communities caused by livestock grazing are related with changes in the biomass and diversity of functional vegetation groups. Our floristic data (see Supplementary Table  1 ) demonstrate that the plant community and frequency of the Sarigol region has been shifted due to unlimited grazing, suggesting that the decrease in fungal biomass can be explained by the plant community change. Surprisingly, the density of AMF spores in the rhizosphere of A. voucher plants under unlimited grazing was higher than that under managed grazing. Not only was AMF spore density higher under unlimited grazing than under grazing exclusion in autumn, but similar AFM spore densities were recorded in other seasons.
With looming global water-related issues, the monitoring of water quality for household and industrial consumption has become more pertinent. Rivers in nearby towns serve as primary water sources for Ekpoma town. 123 samples of stored river water were collected from 41 sampling locations and physical properties -pH, electrical conductivity (EC), salinity, temperature, and total dissolved solids (TDS)were measured in situ using the Hanna edge® Multiparameter EC/TDS/Salinity Meter-HI2030. Atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS) was used to detect and measure the concentration of potentially toxic metals (PTMs): Al, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn. The measured concentrations were compared to the WHO, US EPA, and NSDWQ regulatory standards, and a spatiotemporal health risk analysis was performed using HERisk software.
Human health risk assessment A human health risk assessment was carried out considering eight chemical species (Al, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn) as potential toxic metals (PTMs). The data used for the assessment are the mean values of triplicate samples recorded from each location. HERisk software was used to perform calculations. This software is essential for carrying out a spatiotemporal risk assessment, which provides a more detailed health risk assessment. In contrast to the previous version (HHRISK) and other codes, this software considers in its calculations the variation of a parameter related to residents' growth and, consequently, their changes in eating and behavioral habits  (Neris et al. 2019a (Neris et al. , 2021)). More details about the methodology applied in the software and how it works can be found in The population of the studied region uses river water for drinking and bathing during the dry season (6 months).
Study sites and datasets We characterize the morphology and morphometry of gullies in 29 craters distributed over the southern hemisphere between 30° S and 75° S latitude (Fig. 1 ). These 29 craters are selected based on the availability of publicly released High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE) stereo-pair based digital terrain model (DTM) or the presence of suitable HiRISE stereo-pair images to produce a DTM ourselves. The HiRISE stereo-pair images are usually ~0. 25 -0. 5 m/pixel  (McEwen et al. , 2007) , so the DTM post spacing is ~1-2 m with vertical precision in the range of tens of centimeters  (Kirk et al. , 2008)   1 ). For the remaining 4 craters, DTMs are produced with the software packages USGS ISIS and BAE Systems SocetSet (Table  1 )  (Kirk et al. , 2008). We investigated HiRISE images of these 29 gullied craters for detailed morphological characterization of the substrate into which the crater wall gullies incise (Table  1 ).
, 2010). 3) Colluvial systems: These are systems dominated by rock-gravity and sediment-gravity flows, with their dominant activity relating to rockfalls, grain flows, and snow avalanches (in periglacial and alpine settings). Debris flows typically constitute only a relatively minor component of geomorphic processes in such systems. The fans of these systems are also commonly known as colluvial cones or talus cones  (Siewert et al. , 2012; De Haas et al. , 2015b). Although these systems may be dominated by one type of geomorphic process, it is important to stress that other processes may also occur. For example, on Earth water floods are not uncommon on many debris-flow dominated systems, while debrisflow deposits are commonly recognized on colluvial cones. To compare the morphometric characteristics of the Martian gully systems to terrestrial systems, we have compiled morphometric data of alcoves and fans across several continents, mountain ranges, climate zones, and process types on Earth.
This dataset includes published data from the Himalayas, Ladakh, India  (Stolle et al. , 2013) , the tropical Andes, Columbia  (Arango et al. , 2021) , Spitsbergen, Svalbard (Tomczyk, 2021), British Columbia, Canada  (Kostaschuk, 1986; Jackson et al. , 1987;  and newly presented data), the southern Carpathians, Romania  (Ilinca et al. , 2021)  colluvial systems, 749 debris-flow dominated systems, and 369 flood-dominated systems. In total, data were compiled for 1349 systems, although not all information was available for all systems, with data availability ranging from 729 sites for alcove length to all 1349 systems for Melton index and process type. Based on this data we have made a heatmap of the probability of flood, debris-flow, or colluvially-dominated conditions for combinations of Melton ratio with alcove length and fan gradient, to which we compare the Martian gullies (Fig.
Acknowledgements We would like to thank the  HiRISE team  for their work to produce the images and digital elevation models used in this study, it would have been impossible without them. RKS and DR acknowledge the financial support by the  Indian Space Research Organisation, Department of Space, Government of India. SJC and AN are grateful for the financial support from  Région Pays de la Loire , project  étoiles montantes METAFLOWS  (convention N°  2019-14294 ) and also the financial support of  CNES  in support of their HiRISE work. TdH was supported by the  Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO)  (grant  016. Veni. 192. 001 ). We acknowledge the efforts of team MUTED to develop an online tool (http://muted. wwu. de/) for quick identification of the spatial and multi-temporal coverage of planetary image data from Mars.
All the planetary datasets used in this work are available for free download at the PDS Geosciences Node Mars Orbital Data Explorer (ODE) (https://ode. rsl. wustl. edu/mars/) and https://www. uahirise. org/. The newly-generated DTMs can be downloaded from https://figshare. com/articles/dataset/Self_generated_DEMs/21717164. The measurement datasets can be downloaded from https://figshare. com/articles/dataset/Measurement_data_of_gully_systems_in_the_southern_mid_latitudes_of_Mars/ 21717182. This work is a part of the PhD work of Rishitosh K. Sinha. Director PRL, Head of Planetary Science Division, https://doi. org/10. 5194/esurf-2022-64 Preprint. Discussion started: 21 December 2022 c Author(s) 2022. CC BY 4. 0 License.
present-day sublimation of CO2 ice on Mars is envisaged to provide the necessary flow fluidization for the emplacement of deposits similar to debris-flow like deposits on Earth(De Haas et al. , 2019b). 7 Author contribution RKS, TDH and SJC conceptualized this work. The methodology was developed by RKS, TDH and SJC. Data curation and formal analyses were performed by RKS. TDH and AN also contributed in collection of datasets used in this work. RKS, DR, TDH and SJC contributed to the interpretation of the data and results. RKS wrote the original draft of this paper, which was reviewed and edited by all authors.
, the Southern Alps, New Zealand(De    Scally and Owens, 2004; De Scally et al. , 2010) , the North Cascade Foothills, USA, the European Alps (including Switzerland, Italy, France, and Austria), and the Pyrenees (from multiple authors compiled byBertrand et al. , 2013). The dataset comprises information from colluvial, debris-flow, and flood (also including debris flood) dominated systems. In total, it contains 231 https://doi. org/10. 5194/esurf-2022-64 Preprint. Discussion started: 21 December 2022 c Author(s) 2022. CC BY 4. 0 License.
ClinicalTrials. gov Identifier: NCT03395197. Recent approvals of new treatments have led to improved outcomes for patients with advanced prostate cancer 1,2. However, metastatic disease remains aggressive and progression is inevitable, necessitating additional therapies for this population of often elderly men  1, 3, 4. Around a quarter of advanced prostate cancers have alterations in DNA damage response genes involved directly or indirectly in homologous recombination repair (HRR), including BRCA1/BRCA2 (refs. 5-8); these can sensitize tumors to treatment with poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase.
Patients Between 18 December 2018 and 20 January 2022, 399 patients with HRR gene alterations were enrolled (169 enrolled during the accrual of the all-comers cohort; 230 additional patients to complete the planned accrual target of the combined HRR-deficient population; Fig. 1 ). Of the 399 enrolled patients, 397 had available prospective tumor tissue test results. Of these, 236 patients with central laboratory, nonhistorical tissue records also had blood samples that underwent concurrent prospective circulating tumor DNA testing after a protocol amendment (26 February 2020). The remaining 2 of 399 patients were enrolled based on circulating tumor DNA testing alone (n = 1) or had unspecified tissue source (n = 1). The data cutoff date for the HRR-deficient cohort was 3 October 2022. Baseline characteristics were well balanced (Table  1  and Extended Data Table  1 ); representativeness of the patients is addressed in Extended Data Table  2.
The CDK12 results are striking given an alteration prevalence of 5% to 7% according to the literature and that limited clinical data indicate poor prognosis with minimal benefit from PARP inhibitor monotherapy in patients who have prostate cancer and CDK12 alterations  27. Time-to-event endpoints were compared between treatment groups using a stratified log-rank test. HRs and associated 95% two-sided CIs were estimated by a Cox proportional hazards model. Median time-to-event endpoints were estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method, and 95% CIs were based on the Brookmeyer-Crowley method. P values are two sided. The asterisk denotes that PFS2 was based on investigator assessment (time from randomization to the date of documented progression on the first subsequent antineoplastic therapy or death from any cause, whichever occurs first).
Article https://doi. org/10. 1038/s41591-023-02704-x distinct chromosomal damage signature and disrupted replication and transcription  28, 29  , perhaps resulting in vulnerability to the combination of enzalutamide and talazoparib, a potent PARP trapper  30. Although patient numbers were very small and the CIs wide, a similar benefit to that seen with BRCA2 was also apparent in the BRCA1 single-gene subgroup, with a smaller benefit apparent in the PALB2 cluster. However, these post hoc analyses were underpowered and hypothesis generating, so the results should be interpreted with caution. Two other recent phase 3 trials have explored the combination of PARP inhibitors and the androgen biosynthesis inhibitor abiraterone acetate/prednisone as first-line treatment for mCRPC. The PROpel (NCT03732820) trial, which enrolled all-comers without prospective assessment of BRCA or HRR status, demonstrated improved rPFS with the combination of olaparib plus abiraterone versus placebo plus abiraterone for patients with HRR gene alterations (HR, 0.
50; 95% CI, 0. 34 to 0. 73)  31. Exploratory analysis in the BRCA1/BRCA2 subgroup showed an HR of 0. 24 (95% CI, 0. 12 to 0. 45)  32. The MAGNITUDE (NCT03748641) trial also showed improved rPFS with the combination of niraparib plus abiraterone versus placebo plus abiraterone for patients with HRR gene alterations (HR, 0. 73; 95% CI, 0. 56 to 0. 96), with particular benefit in the BRCA1/BRCA2 subgroup (HR, 0. 53; 95% CI, 0. 36 to 0. 79)  33. Exploratory single-gene analysis of the MAGNITUDE trial, although underpowered, showed potential benefit of combined PARP and androgen receptor inhibition in patients with a Fanconi anemia pathway gene alteration (PALB2, BRIP1 and FANCA) beyond BRCA1/BRCA2 (ref. 34), whereas a lack of differential benefit was seen in tumors with CDK12 alterations  34. Results from the PROfound (NCT02987543)  13  and TRITON-3 (NCT02975934)  14  phase 3 trials of PARP monotherapy (olaparib and rucaparib, respectively) in patients with pretreated mCRPC also indicated that patients with BRCA2 alterations derived benefit.
a Shown are adverse events that occurred from the time of the first dose of study treatment through 28 d after permanent discontinuation of all study treatments or before initiation of a new antineoplastic or any investigational therapy, whichever occurs first. Adverse events were graded according to National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 4. 03. All data are reported per the safety population defined as all patients who were treated with at least one dose of study treatment, including one patient who was randomized to talazoparib plus enzalutamide but received enzalutamide only (patients treated with both study treatments: N = 197 for talazoparib plus enzalutamide; N = 199 for placebo plus enzalutamide). b Includes permanent discontinuation/dose reduction/dose interruption of talazoparib/placebo only plus permanent discontinuation/ dose reduction/dose interruption of both talazoparib/placebo and enzalutamide.
Online content Any methods, additional references, Nature Portfolio reporting summaries, source data, extended data, supplementary information, acknowledgements, peer review information; details of author contributions and competing interests; and statements of data and code availability are available at https://doi. org/10. 1038/s41591-023-02704-x. Institut Gustave Roussy, University of Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France. 2  Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. 3  National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba, Japan. 4  Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona, Spain. 5  PUCRS School of Medicine, Porto Alegre, Brazil. 6  IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) Dino Amadori, Meldola, Italy. 7  National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea.
Methods Trial design and patients TALAPRO-2 (NCT03395197) is an ongoing double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Details of the trial design have been published  23  and are in the protocol (Supplementary Protocol). Eligibility criteria included ongoing androgen deprivation therapy; asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic mCRPC with HRR gene alterations; Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status score of 0 or 1; progressive disease; adequate bone marrow function (hemoglobin ≥9 g dl -1 ); and no prior life-prolonging systemic therapy for castration-resistant disease  23. Prior docetaxel and abiraterone or orteronel in the castration-sensitive setting were allowed. Patients were randomized in a 1:1 ratio (using a centralized, interactive web response system and a permuted block size of 4) to receive 0.
Missing/ partial dates were imputed as specified per protocol. Other missing data were not imputed. Reported P values are two sided. Oracle Clinical Remote Data Capture was used for data collection, and SAS version 9. 4 was used for data analysis. was planned with ~70% of the total required events. The HRRm cohort would be stopped for efficacy if the pre-specified efficacy boundary was crossed (P ≤ 0. 003). As the efficacy boundary was crossed at the IA rPFS, this became the final analysis. Survival and safety follow-up is continuing. All other endpoints are final. HRR denotes homologous recombination repair, HRRm HRR mutationpositive, and rPFS radiographic progression-free survival.
Acknowledgements We thank the patients and their families and caregivers for their participation, as well as the trial centers that supported this trial (trial investigators are listed in the Supplementary Information). This study was sponsored by  Pfizer Inc. Astellas Pharma Inc. provided enzalutamide. The authors wish to thank  L. Yu  and the  Pfizer Clinical Programming team. Editorial and medical writing support was provided by  A. Smith  and  E. Messina  on behalf of CMC Affinity, a division of  IPG Health Medical Communications , and was funded by  Pfizer. A. A. A. reports honoraria from  Aculeus Therapeutics ,  Amgen ,  Astellas Pharma ,  AstraZeneca ,  Bayer ,  Bristol Myers Squibb ,  Daiichi Sankyo ,  Ipsen ,  Janssen ,  Merck Serono ,  Merck Sharp & Dohme ,  Novartis ,  Noxopharm ,  Pfizer ,  Sanofi ,  Telix Pharmaceuticals  and Tolmar; consulting fees from  Aculeus Therapeutics ,  Astellas Pharma ,  Janssen  and  Novartis ; participation on advisory boards for  Amgen ,  Arvinas ,  Astellas Pharma ,  AstraZeneca ,  Bayer ,  Bristol Myers Squibb ,  Daiichi Sankyo ,  Ipsen ,  Janssen ,  Merck Serono ,  Merck Sharp & Dohme ,  Novartis ,  Noxopharm ,  Pfizer ,  Sanofi ,  Telix  and Tolmar; participation on a data safety monitoring board for OncoSec; research funding (institution unless stated otherwise) from  Aptevo Therapeutics ,  Astellas Pharma  (investigator),  AstraZeneca  (investigator),  Bionomics ,  Bristol Myers Squibb ,  Exelixis ,  Gilead Sciences ,  GlaxoSmithKline ,  Hinova Pharmaceuticals ,  Ipsen ,  Janssen ,  Lilly ,  MedImmune ,  Merck Serono  (investigator),  MSD ,  Novartis ,  Pfizer ,  Sanofi  and Synthorx; and travel, accommodations and/or expenses from  Amgen ,  Astellas Pharma ,  Janssen ,  Merck Serono ,  Novartis ,  Pfizer  and Tolmar; and receiving medical writing services from  Astellas Pharma ,  Exelixis  and  Pfizer ; he is Chair of the  Urologic Oncology Group  for the  Clinical Oncology Society of Australia , and Chair of the  Translational Research Subcommittee  and on the  Scientific Advisory Committee  for the  ANZUP Cancer Trials Group.
Internet of Things (IoT) devices increasingly contribute to critical infrastructures, necessitating robust security measures. LoRaWAN, a low-power IoT network, employs the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) with a 128-bit key for encryption and integrity, balancing efficiency and security. As computational capabilities of devices advance and recommendations for stronger encryption, such as AES-256, emerge, the implications of using longer AES keys (192 and 256 bits) on LoRaWAN devices' energy consumption and processing time become crucial. Despite the significance of the topic, there is a lack of research on the implications of using larger AES keys in real-world LoRaWAN settings. To address this gap, we perform extensive tests in a real-world LoRaWAN environment, modifying the source code of both a LoRaWAN end device and open-source server stack to incorporate larger AES keys.
A 2018 study discovered and analyzed several security vulnerabilities in LoRaWAN, including replay attacks, plaintext recovery, malicious message modification, falsification of delivery reports, and battery exhaustion attacks  [4]. Furthermore, a 2017 investigation highlighted vulnerabilities in the LoRaWAN join procedure, potentially enabling denial of service (DoS) attacks  [5]. LoRaWAN's security significantly relies on the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) to protect the confidentiality and integrity of the transmitted data  [2, 3]. This symmetric key algorithm comes in three versions: AES-128, AES-192, and AES-256, where the numerical suffix indicates the bit length of the cryptographic key. The primary difference between these versions lies in the number of rounds of the encryption process: 10 rounds for AES-128, 12 for AES-192, and 14 for AES-256  [6].