dataesr/scientific-paragraphs-categorization huggingface dataset:
Globally, goodness-of-fit metrics were relatively comparable between calibration and validation dataset, although validation metrics values were moderately lower than the calibration ones e. g. residuals calibration % 140. 37 vs residuals validation % 67. 14, RMSE calibration % 310. 41 vs RMSE validation % 342. 15, Spearman calibration % 0. 72 vs Spearman validation % 0. 66 (Fig  4 ). Those results indicated the relatively good ability of the forecasting model to extrapolate out of its spatial range of calibration. The seasonal variability in model performances were relatively low and stable across time, although the model displayed noticeably better performances in weeks 32 and 38 than in weeks  34 and 36 (Fig 4A). Similarly, the variability in model performances due to the different initialization weeks of the year was relatively low as well (Fig  4B ).
Acknowledgments The authors are grateful to  Eng. Migel Ali ,  GIS  expert at the  Company Geo Consulting & Invent Albania , who helps us to prepare the map specifically for this manuscript; and thank the families in Albania, which allow us to carry the field work in their properties. Moreover we thank  Francis Schaffner , who provides the cylindrical vessel of black plastic container to perform the field collection of Ae. albopictus eggs and  Erion Muhaxhiri ,  Viola Jani  and  Gjergji Sino  for technical assistance.
Competencies extraction A job offer is seen as a multiset of terms called "Bag of words", which is a set in which the same element can occur several times. = { , , … , } (1) A collection of "n" documents and "m" distinct terms can be represented as a matrix, which represents the document database. = ⋯ ⋯ ⋮ ⋮ ⋱ ⋮ ⋯ (2) Most of the methods of transforming text into Bag of Words can be divided into three main approaches. The first is a purely statistical approach based on the occurrence of terms like Term Frequency (TF) and Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency (TF-IDF)  [ 17]. The second is a semantic based approach, which includes both Latent Semantic Analysis (LSA) and Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA)  [ 18]  methods. The third one is an alternative approach between both (all the methods of the N-gram family)  [ 19].
Job offers analysis Based on (1300) job offers collected from APEC database for the period between (2015-2016), we extract the PLM job types from offers titles and then classified into 20 job categories (Fig. 3 ). The pareto diagram (Fig. 3 ) shows the frequently required jobs. We can see that 8 PLM jobs account for 80% of required job: PLM developer, PLM project manager, PLM consultant, design and R&D engineer, industrialisation engineer, PLM functional consultant, and PLM solution architect. The radar diagrams in (Fig. 4 ) give an overview of the frequently required competencies according to the PLM consultant job: (a) Shows knowledge where computer science education competence is the most required then we find the level of engineer without requirement on the field of specialty. English seems important for this kind of job.
(b) Shows know how, where SAP is the most needed competence. This diagram is usefull if we need to classify PLM tools or PLM software owners. With CATIA, Dassault Systems Company is just after Teamcenter then Windchill of PTC. For PLM consultant the computer science level is characterized by JSP, SQL, C++ and java competencies. (c) Shows the how know to be, where relational and rigorous for PLM consultant job and for the eight PLM jobs identified in (Fig. 3 ). Listening, communication and responsible are also required for this kind of job. The same analysis is conducted for each PLM job, where we analysed the competence required frequency. (Fig. 5 ) shows the pareto diagram of PLM developer job. Among the most requested competencies (80%) we find programming competencies (Java, C++, PHP), Database (SQL, Server), product data management (PDM and PDM-Link), PLM software (SAP, windchill and team center) and CAD (CATIA).
MATERIALS AND METHODS All computational calculations have been performed on a personal computer. The geometries of all compounds investigated were completely optimized. The imaginary frequencies are absent which confirms that the structures are true minima on the potential energy surface. In this work all the calculations were performed in the Gaussian 09W package  [12]  program. Vibrational frequency assignments were made with a high degree of accuracy by combining the results of the Gauss view 05 software program with symmetry considerations. The Becke's three-parameter hybrid functional using the LYP correlation functional (B3LYP), one of the most robust functional of the hybrid family, was herein used for all the calculations, with 6. 31G (d,p) basis set.
Detection of differential methylated key genes of methylgroup metabolism by global DNA methylation array analyses in UC. There is evidence that tumor adjacent uroepithelium, although it might pathologically be reviewed to consist of healthy uroepithelial cells, is already in a premalignant state which is characterized by genetic, e. g. TP53 mutant cells  4  , and widespread epigenetic alterations, e. g. hypermethylated genes which are also present in bladder cancer cells  19. It has been suggested that this "field defect" predispose the epithelial tissue to undergo transformation and might underlie tumor recurrence and multifocality, both hallmarks of bladder cancer. Genome-wide DNA methylation data sets were generated from pathologically classified UC, tumor-adjacent normal-appearing and healthy urothelial tissue samples by MeDIP and promoter array analyses (see methods).
1 ). The differential methylation of these genes in bladder cancer was not apparent in previously published data by other groups (see refs  [19] [20] [21] [22]  ). However, a direct comparison with The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) expression dataset on the other hand revealed significant lower expression of the hypermethylated genes MTHFR and ODC1 but not of AHCY in bladder cancer samples (Suppl. Figure  3 ).
1). In both pT1 high grade samples all sequences contained methylated cytosine nucleotides at positions -346, -156 and -122. In the healthy urothelium sample we found only a methylated cytosine at position -321 in a few of the sequences. Thus some early UC samples contained an unusual focal cytosine methylation in the MTHFR 5′-regulatory region. Noteworthy, by in silico comparison of the differentially methylated nucleotide positions and their sequence contexts with the transcription factor binding sites data bank Promo 23 we found the cytosines -156 and -122 to be located within a predicted glucocorticoid receptor binding site with a dissimilarity margin less than 9%.
25 bp upstream of the transcription start site. The hybridization procedure was executed at 42 °C for 16 h in the NimbleGen hybridization chamber in accordance with the manufacturer's protocol. The hybridized arrays were washed thoroughly and dried using a microarray centrifuge for 1 min in the dark. DNA methylation microarray scanning and data analyses. The hybridized arrays were scanned on an MS200 microarray scanner (Roche, Basel, Switzerland) at a resolution of 2 µm. The raw methylation data were extracted with the default ChIP protocol from software NimbleScan for 385 K arrays and with DEVA for 2. 1 M arrays. Methylation ratios between the IP DNA samples and the control input samples were normalized across samples using the quantile method after performing a variance stabilization using log2 scaling for each promoter feature on the array.
2002, Ghanjati et al. )   10. Primers were designed after excluding pseudogenes or other closely related genomic sequences which could interfere with specific amplification by amplicon and primer sequences comparison in BLAT sequence data base (https://genome. ucsc. edu/FAQ/FAQblat. html). The following PCR primers for amplification of AHCY, CBS, MTHFR and ODC1 5′-regulatory gene regions by nested PCR have been used (Table  2 ). In brief, the pre-amplification conditions were denaturation at 95 °C for 13 min. followed by 22 cycles of 95 °C for 50 s, TM for 45 s (AHCY: 56 °C; CBS: 54 °C; MTHFR: 51 °C; ODC1: 52 °C), and 72 °C for 30 s. For the second round of the applied nested PCR the pre-amplification product was diluted 1:10 and the same PCR conditions were chosen for 35 additional cycles with the second primer pair.
Acknowledgements In Memoriam and in Gratitude to  Professor Rolf Ackermann. The authors are grateful to  Prof. James Adjaye  for revising the paper. They thank  Comprehensive Cancer Center, Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf (Tumorbank des UTZ ) for providing samples. They thank  Robert Ciszewski  for technical assistance. This study has been supported by:  Prof. Dr. Rolf Ackermann ,  Wissenschaftliche Urologische Gesellschaft e. V. , PTJ Jülich.
Simulation Analysis e proposed SP-OSSHI circuit is modeled and simulated in Simulink, and the circuit simulation waveforms are obtained. Figure  6  is the simulation waveform of the output 4 Shock and Vibration voltage V P. Figure  7  is the current waveform of the inductor L. e first flip corresponds to Stage II (voltage reversal stage) in the SP-OSSHI circuit, and the second flip corresponds to Stage III (inductor freewheeling stage). As shown in Figure  6 , the output voltage V P of the piezoceramic is reversed after the peak. is is because the voltage drop of the threshold voltage of the diode and the transistor in the passive peak detection module leads to a certain phase lag between the system peak voltage and the actual switching time. After the reverse phase of the voltage, the vibration displacement continues to move to the negative direction, and the voltage V P of the piezoceramic also drops to the reverse peak.
Acknowledgments Grateful acknowledgement is given to the financial support from the  National Natural Science Foundation of China  (Grant No. 51805298 ),  International Science & Technology Cooperation and Exchang Program of Shaanxi Province, China  (No. 2016KW-035 ),  Fundamental Research Funds for the Central University (Chang'an University ; No. 310832171007 ), and  China Postdoctoral Science Foundation  (No. 2015M580587 ).
This study aimed to describe real-life microbiological testing of adults hospitalised with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and to assess concordance with the 2007 Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA)/American Thoracic Society (ATS) and 2011 European Respiratory Society (ERS) CAP guidelines. This was a cohort study based on the Global Initiative for Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus Pneumonia (GLIMP) database, which contains point-prevalence data on adults hospitalised with CAP across 54 countries during 2015. In total, 3702 patients were included. Testing was performed in 3217 patients, and included blood culture (71. 1%), sputum culture (61. 8%), Legionella urinary antigen test (30. 1%), pneumococcal urinary antigen test (30. 0%), viral testing (14. 9%), acute-phase serology (8.
Study design, setting and participants We performed a secondary analysis of an international, multicentre, observational, prospective cohort study using the Global Initiative for Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus Pneumonia (GLIMP) database  [13]. GLIMP was conducted among 222 hospitals in 54 countries over 4 days, with 1 day per month randomly selected during March, April, May and June 2015. All adult patients (aged >18 years) hospitalised for CAP at the participating centres during the four study days were screened by GLIMP investigators and included in this secondary analysis. Patients hospitalised with a diagnosis of hospital-acquired or ventilator-associated pneumonia were excluded. The GLIMP coordinating centre was located at the University of Texas Health San Antonio (San Antonio, TX, USA).
Statistical analysis Continuous variables were presented as medians with interquartile range. Categorical variables were presented as frequencies and percentages of the specified group. Comparisons between groups were made with the Fisher exact test or the Kruskal-Wallis test, as appropriate. A two-sided p-value of <0. 05 was considered statistically significant. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS Statistics, version 24, software (IBM, Armonk, NY, USA).
Nonetheless, the significant discrepancies between real-life diagnostic testing and IDSA/ATS/ERS recommended testing is worrisome and further studies aimed at assessing the clinical and economic implications of the testing approach proposed by the IDSA/ATS guidelines, the testing approach proposed by the ERS guidelines, and real-life diagnostic testing are needed. Finally, this study has important strengths and limitations. To our knowledge, GLIMP is the first study to enrol a large and diverse group of adult patients hospitalised with CAP across six continents, providing a detailed, real-world picture of CAP diagnostic testing around the world. Our ability to assess the concordance of real-life diagnostic testing with IDSA/ATS and ERS guideline recommendations was affected by the lack of information about recent travel, failure of outpatient antibiotic therapy, presence of cavitary infiltrates, lymphopenia, and feasibility of sputum collection in the GLIMP database.
METHODSSTUDY DESIGN. The study design has been published previously (3)  and is posted on ClinicalTrials. gov (NCT01356888). In brief, the BIOFLOW-II study is a randomized, multicenter, assessor-blind, noninferiority trial comparing the biodegradable polymer-based O-SES with the durable polymer-based X-EES. Main inclusion criteria were de novo lesions with a maximum length of 26 mm and a reference vessel diameter from 2. 25 to 4. 0 mm by visual estimate suitable for coronary stent implantation. Main exclusion criteria were evidence of myocardial infarction within 72 h before the procedure, unprotected left main disease of >50% diameter stenosis, 3-vessel coronary artery disease, evidence of thrombus within the target vessel, heavily calcified lesions, and ostial lesions within 5 mm of the coronary ostium.
Immunohistochemistry Brain, Ln, and tonsil tissues were formalin fixed for >48 h and processed by standard histopathologic techniques. We used IHC to visualize the distribution of PrP Sc as previously described  (7). We applied a commercially available kit †The PrP genotype reported is expressing the amino acid variants present at the major polymorphic codons described for each species. ‡The Canada isolate was homozygous for lysine at codon 109 and for isoleucine at codon 209 (KK109II209) (GenBank accession no. MH230114). §Reference  (9). ¶Reference  (10). (EnVisionTM + System HRP [(AEC)] DAKO, Glostrup, Denmark) by using the monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) 12B2, 9A2, L42, SAF 84, or F99/97. 6 for 30 min at 37°C and counterstained with hematoxylin. In each run, tissues from CWD-negative moose and reindeer were added as negative controls.
CWD was diagnosed in 2 moose in May 2016 in Norway's Selbu municipality and in 1 moose in October 2017 in Lierne municipality. Selbu and Lierne are respectively located ≈300 and ≈450 km northeast of Nordfjella, where CWD in reindeer was detected in 2016. Norway is populated by several species of wild cervids with varying degrees of overlapping range. Seasonal migrations are common and distances might exceed 150 km  (13) (14) (15). However, studies tracking global positioning satellitecollared moose have not documented regular seasonal migrations between Selbu and Lierne municipalities, suggesting that these can be considered different moose subpopulations. We initially detected PrP Sc in brain samples by using a rapid test and then confirmed by WB (data not shown) and IHC. Sequencing analysis of the entire PrP coding sequence revealed that the 3 moose had the wild type PrP genotype, homozygous for lysine at codon 109 and for methionine at codon 209 (KK 109 MM 209 ) (GenBank accession no.
Acknowledgments The authors thank the  Department of Pathology at the Norwegian Veterinary Institute  for their excellent work with TSE testing and sample collection,  Liv Midthjell  for her skillful PRNP genotyping,  Magne Haugum  for the necropsy of 2 of the moose, and  Jacques Grassi  for kindly providing the  Norwegian Veterinary Institute  with  SAF84  mAbs. This work was supported in part by a grant from the  Norwegian Ministry of Agriculture.
Results Eight central and peripheral organs (cerebral cortex, hypothalamus, pituitary gland, retina, liver, heart, brown adipose tissue, and adrenal glands) were sampled at three different hibernation phases (normothermia, torpor, and arousal) in male European hamsters. The ddPCR results provided the absolute count of RNA copies encoding melatonin receptors, thyroid metabolism enzymes, clock proteins, and selected proteins involved in energy homeostasis (a summary of the median, quartile and interquartile of absolute RNA copies of each gene in each organ at each hibernation state is given in Table  S1 ). The principal component analysis (PCA) of these ddPCR data revealed that the major sources of variance were associated with the organ effect which groups were separated in the space drawn by the two first components (Dim1&2), explaining respectively 40.
) between time of sampling versus Per1 and time sampling versus Per2 mRNA quantity for each organ. We observed that in most organs Per1 and Per2 expression is not, or weakly correlated, to the time sampling (Spearman correlation coefficient for Per1: cerebral cortex = -0. 24; hypothalamus = -0. 02; Pituitary gland = -0. 91; retina = -0. 17; liver = 0; BAT = -0. 4. Sequences of the forward and reverse primers used to clone European hamster genes of interest. To obtain the sequences of the unpublished genes of interest, forward b and reverse c primers were designed using published sequences a. These sequences have been submitted to GenBank d. Table  5. Primer/probe sequences, RNA quantity, and annealing temperatures for digital droplet PCR (ddPCR). Each ddPCR reaction requires probes a,b , forward c and reverse d primers, and determination of the optimal RNA quantity e and annealing temperature f were determined.
Although the results were generally similar, only the data from the second (2015) experiment are presented in this manuscript, due to their greater statistical strength. RNA extraction. Total RNA was extracted using the RNeasy ® Lipid Tissue Mini Kit (Qiagen, Valencia, CA, USA) following the manufacturer's protocol. Briefly, a sample of each organ (100 mg when possible) was added to 1 mL QIAzol Lysis Reagent, along with one 5-mm stainless steel bead (Qiagen, Valencia, CA, USA). The tissue samples were disrupted, and homogenized for 2 min at 20 Hz using the tissue lyser. Then the homogenates were incubated at room temperature (RT) for 5 min, followed by addition of 200 µL chloroform (Sigma, St. Louis, USA). Next, the homogenates were centrifuged at 12,000 g for 15 min at 4 °C. The upper aqueous phase containing RNA was transferred to a new tube and the final step was performed using the QIAcube protocol: RNeasy lipid Animal tissue (Qiagen, Valencia, CA, USA).
RNA quality was measured using Agilent's 2100 Bioanalyzer system according to manufacturer's protocol (Agilent, Santa Clara, USA). RIN values are all presented in the Table  3. Total RNA was stored at -80 °C until use. Cloning genes of interest. Since few Cricetus cricetus gene sequences are published (Database Resources of the National Center for Biotechnology Information), the genes of interest were partially sequenced (about 500 bp) to enable the design of specific ddPCR assays. European hamster hypothalamus total RNA (5 µg) was converted into cDNA using oligo dT primers and the PrimeScript ™ High Fidelity RT-PCR Kit (Takara Bio USA, Mountain View, USA) following the manufacturer's instructions. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed using Q5 High-Fidelity DNA Polymerase (NEB, Ipswich, MA, USA) following the manufacturer's protocol.
Forward and reverse sequencing reactions were performed using the BigDye Terminator Cycle Sequencing Ready Reaction Kit (Applied Biosystems, Life Technologies Corporation, Carlsbad, CA, USA) using vector primers for amplification. Sequencing products were purified using the BigDye XTerminator® Purification Kit (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, USA), and analysed using an ABI 3730 XL Automated Sequencer (Applied Biosystems). Data analysis was performed using Sequencher® version 5. 4. 6 DNA sequence analysis software (Gene Codes Corporation, Ann Arbor, MI, USA). The Cricetus cricetus sequences of the nineteen non-published genes of interest were partially cloned and sequenced, and the results have been submitted to GenBank (Table  4 ).
Digital droplet PCR. Primers and probes for the digital droplet PCR assay were designed using the Universal then measured by RIA as previously described  82. Plasma leptin was measured using a direct multi-species RIA kit (EMD Millipore, Billerica, MA, USA), insulin using a hamster ELISA kit (Crystal Chem, Downers Grove, USA), and plasma glucose concentration using the colorimetric glucose GOD-PAP method (Biolabo, Maizy, France). Data and statistical analysis. Raw ddPCR data were analysed using QuantaSoft software v. 1. 5. 38. 1118   (Biorad, Hercules, USA). Raw data were normalized against the initial quantity to obtain equivalent copy numbers for 100 ng total RNA. Statistical analyses were performed using R Program Writer software 3. 3. 1 (http:// www. r-project. org/). Within-dataset variability was explored using two-dimensional principal component analysis (PCA) with the FactoMineR package, to identify the subset of genes showing the greatest differential expression in relation to several factors, including the organ and the hibernation phase.
Genes Reference sequences for primers design a Forward Primer Sequences b Reverse Primer Sequences c Cricetus cricetus GenBank Accession Numbers d Per1 NM_001034125. 1: Rattus norvegicus period circadian clock 1 (Per1) TGTGCACCCCTGGAGCCG CAAGG TTTCTTGGCCCCCACAGGA ACTG MG598318: [Cricetus cricetus] period circadian clock 1 (Per1) mRNA, partial CDS Bmal1 AB012600: Rattus norvegicus mRNA for BMAL1b TAAAACGGATATAACC CCTGGGC CTGCCCTCTG GAGAAGGTGGCCC TCTGGTTCCCCCTGGAAT GCCTG ACCCAGCCCCGCA TCTGCTTCCA MG598320: [Cricetus cricetus] BmalI aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator like (Arntl) mRNA, partial CDS Rev-Erbα XM_003498212. 2: Cricetulus griseus nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group D, member 2 (Nr1d2) GCTCTAACTCTGATGCC AACGG GCTTTTGAGGTTTTCTTG CTCCAG MG598307: [Cricetus cricetus] Nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group D member 2 (Nr1d2) mRNA, partial CDS Clock XM_016980269: Cricetulus griseus clock circadian regulator (Clock) TCAATTGTTGACAGAGATG ACAGTAG TCTATTGTTCCTCGAAGC ATGTGAC MG598315: [Cricetus cricetus] circadian locomotor output cycles protein kaput (Clock) mRNA, partial CDS Per2 XM_007622995: Cricetulus griseus period circadian clock 2 (Per2) ACTGTGATGACAATGGGA AGGAGCT ATGGAGGCAACTTGGTTAG AGATGT MG598316: [Cricetus cricetus] Period circadian protein 2 (Per2) mRNA, partial CDS MT 1 U14110.
Background: When people with health conditions begin to manage their health issues, one important issue that emerges is the question as to what exactly do they do with the information that they have obtained through various sources (eg, news media, social media, health professionals, friends, and family). The information they gather helps form their opinions and, to some degree, influences their attitudes toward managing their condition. Objective: This study aimed to understand how tinnitus is represented in the US newspaper media and in Facebook pages (ie, social media) using text pattern analysis. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study based upon secondary analyses of publicly available data. The 2 datasets (ie, text corpuses) analyzed in this study were generated from US newspaper media during 1980-2017 (downloaded from the database US Major Dailies by ProQuest) and Facebook pages during 2010-2016.