dataesr/scientific-paragraphs-categorization huggingface dataset:
Tidal Stream Turbine Experimental Data-Based Tests The proposed HOS-based biofouling diagnosis approach is tested on an experimental dataset issued from the Shanghai Maritime University TST plateform. This plateform consists of 230 W/8 pole pairs direct-drive PMSG-based TST operating in a water tunnel emulating waves and turbulences (Figures  9  and 10 )  [13, 14]. Besides, 19 processing features were handled under varying operating conditions (wave and turbulence, Figure  11 ). The biofouling (imbalance fault) was emulated by attaching wire ropes on the rotor blade (Figure  10 ). Experimental data collection was made under the following operating conditions: TST blades rotation was set at 120 rpm, the supply frequency f s was around 15 Hz (actually 15. 63 Hz), the data acquisition sampling frequency is 1 kHz, and the number of samples is 178,200.
Background: The global threat of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) continues. The diversity of clinical characteristics and progress are reported in many countries as the duration of the pandemic is prolonged. We aimed to perform a novel systematic review and meta-analysis focusing on findings about correlations between clinical characteristics and laboratory features of patients with COVID-19. (2) Methods: We analyzed cases of COVID-19 in different countries by searching PubMed, Embase, Web of Science databases and Google Scholar, from the early stage of the outbreak to late March. Clinical characteristics, laboratory findings, and treatment strategies were retrospectively reviewed for the analysis. (3) Results: Thirty-seven (n = 5196 participants) COVID-19-related studies were eligible for this systematic review and meta-analysis.
The water depth was kept constant at 3. 5 m. Wave propagation along the constant bottom section was recorded by 16-18 wave gauges distributed more or less uniformly along the channel. Shown that for single waves and sine waves, the shallow water theory tends to overestimate the experimental data with a larger error comparing to the weakly dispersive theory. On the other hand, the (weakly) dispersive theory while enjoying a smaller error comparing to the nonlinear shallow water theory, but tends to underestimate slightly the experimentally measured run-up, which makes it a non-safe choice for tsunami hazard estimation. Therefore, for a more accurate forecast we recommend to use the enhanced dispersive theory or the complete hydrodynamic equations. However, for the first rough and "safe" estimate, it is enough to use the classical nonlinear shallow water equations.
Magnetic resonance angiography Magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) has been evaluated for several years regarding suspected PE. However, the results of large-scale studies  139, 140  show that this technique, although promising, is not yet ready for clinical practice due to its low sensitivity, the high proportion of inconclusive MRA scans, and its low availability in most emergency settings. The hypothesis that a negative MRA, combined with the absence of proximal DVT on compression ultrasonography (CUS), may safely rule out clinically significant PE is currently being investigated in an ongoing multicentre outcome study [Clinicaltrials. gov National Clinical Trial (NCT) number 02059551].
280  Unsuccessful thrombolysis, as judged by persistent clinical instability and unchanged RV dysfunction on echocardiography after 36 h, has been reported in 8% of high-risk PE patients. 281  A meta-analysis of thrombolysis trials that included (but were not confined to) patients with high-risk PE, defined mainly as the presence of cardiogenic shock, indicated a significant reduction in the combined outcome of mortality and recurrent PE (Supplementary Data Table  10 ). This was achieved with a 9. 9% rate of severe bleeding and a 1. 7% rate of intracranial haemorrhage. 282  In normotensive patients with intermediate-risk PE, defined as the presence of RV dysfunction and elevated troponin levels, the impact of thrombolytic treatment was investigated in the Pulmonary Embolism Thrombolysis (PEITHO) trial.
No difference was found in terms of 5 year actuarial survival, but thrombolytic therapy was associated with a higher rate of recurrent PE requiring readmission compared with surgery (7. 9 vs. 2. 8%). However, the two treatments were not randomly allocated in this observational retrospective study, and the patients referred for surgery may have been selected. An analysis of the Society of Thoracic Surgery Database with multicentre data collection, including 214 patients submitted for surgical embolectomy for high-(n = 38) or intermediate-risk (n = 176) PE, revealed an in-hospital mortality rate of 12%, with the worst outcome (32%) in the group experiencing pre-operative cardiac arrest. 299 ecent experience appears to support combining ECMO with surgical embolectomy, particularly in patients with high-risk PE with or without the need for cardiopulmonary resuscitation.
The CTEPH team should confirm the diagnosis, assess the surgical accessibility of chronic postthrombotic obstructions ('surgical operability'), and consider the risks related to comorbidities ('medical operability'). The operability of patients with CTEPH is determined by multiple factors that cannot easily be standardized. These are related to the suitability of the patient, the expertise of the surgical team, and available resources. General criteria include pre-operative New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class and the surgical accessibility of thrombi in the main, lobar, or segmental pulmonary arteries. 462 Advanced age per se is no contraindication for surgery. There is no haemodynamic threshold or measure of RV dysfunction that can be considered to preclude PEA. Data from the international CTEPH registry, set up in 27 centres to evaluate the long-term outcome and outcome predictors in 679 operated and not-operated patients, showed estimated survival at 3 years of 89% in operated and 70% in not-operated patients.
The Data We use data from the UK Labour Force Survey (ONS (  2019 )) to bring evidence on the changes in assortativeness in marriage by education and of its role in explaining changes in earnings inequality over time. The LFS is the largest representative household survey in the UK, collecting quarterly data on a rotating panel of households since 1992. Each household is interviewed for up to five quarters before being dropped and replaced by a new household. In each quarter, the survey records detailed demographic and socio-economic information for all adult household members, including date of birth, gender, education, employment status. Crucially, the LFS contains family identifiers and reports the relationship between all members of the household, which allows us to link couples. Employment earnings information has also been collected since 1993, but only on quarterly waves 1 and 5.
Study Design The study methodology of DAR-MENA and the results from the type 2 diabetes subpopulation have been published  [6]. Briefly, DAR-MENA was an international, multicenter, prospective, observational study in the MENA region for Ramadan 2016 (fasting period: dawn of June 6 to evening of July 5) with a target enrollment of 2000 participants with type 1 or type 2 diabetes. In the overall study, the inclusion criteria comprised adult participants who were aged at least 18 years with type 1 or type 2 diabetes, and who were Muslim and did or did not intend to fast. Baseline data were collected in the 6 weeks prior to Ramadan, with a follow-up visit 1-2 months after Ramadan. The results shown here focus on the type 1 diabetes population. The manuscript followed the STrengthening the Reporting of OBservational studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) guidelines  [10].
Measurements Variables measured or recorded were as follows: mean number of days fasted; number of participants who fasted for at least 1 day, at least 15 days, and 30 days; and reasons for fasting and not fasting, as well as diabetes treatment among participants who fasted, including any modifications in antidiabetes medication or doses of medication. Change in glycemic profile (glycated hemoglobin [HbA1c], fasting plasma glucose  [FPG] , and postprandial plasma glucose [PPG]), lipid profiles (total cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein, and low-density lipoprotein), and biometric measures (weight, systolic/diastolic blood pressure, waist circumference, and heart rate) was determined between the period before Ramadan and during Ramadan. Values up to 6 months before baseline were used to determine baseline data for the glycemic and lipid profiles.
Population Demographics and Baseline Clinical Characteristics Participant disposition data for the DAR-MENA study have been published  [6]. In brief, a total of 1894 participants with type 1 and type 2 diabetes from the MENA region were enrolled in DAR-MENA, of whom 1885 were evaluable. Of these eligible participants, 136 had type 1 diabetes and were included in this present analysis. People with type 1 diabetes had a mean age of 32. 0 years, had a disease duration of 14. 0 years, and 55. 1% were male (Table  1 ). At baseline, the mean HbA1c was 8. 3% (67 mmol/mol). The number of comorbidities at baseline was low; the most common were hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and hypothyroidism (n = 3 for each) (Table  S1  in the supplementary material). All participants were taking insulin. There were 87 (64.
Participants signed a consent form to participate in the study. Please note that this study was not added to a clinical trial registry as it was a noninterventional, prospective, observational study that did not meet the definition for clinical trial registration as specified by the World Health Organization. Data Availability. Qualified researchers may request access to participant-level data and related study documents, including the clinical study report, study protocol with any amendments, blank case report form, statistical analysis plan, and dataset specifications. Participantlevel data will be anonymized, and study documents will be redacted to protect the privacy of trial participants. Further details on Sanofi's data sharing criteria, eligible studies, and process for requesting access can be found at https://www.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The authors are grateful to all of the participants in the study. The authors would like to thank all contributors of the study, including the investigators from the 113 sites who participated in the data collection (Table S8 in the supplementary material), and the analysts,  Soha Ali  ( Senior Biostatistician, DATACLin CRO ) and  Mohamad Taha  ( Biostatistics Manager ,  DATA-CLin CRO ), for providing the statistical and analytical execution of this study. The authors would also like to acknowledge  Helena Andersson ,  Sanofi , for the coordination of the development of this manuscript. Authorship. All named authors meet the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) criteria for authorship for this article, take responsibility for the integrity of the work as a whole, and have given their approval for this version to be published.
Acknowledgments The work of MP has been supported in part by the  STFC  Consolidated Grants  ST/L000369/1  and  ST/P00055X/1. MP received funding from the  European Research Council (ERC)  under the European Union's  Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme  under grant agreement No  813942. JR is supported by  STFC , through the studentship  ST/R505158/1. DE was supported by the  OCEVU Labex  ( ANR-11-LABX-0060 ) and the A* MIDEX  project ( ANR-11-IDEX-0001-02 ) funded by the  "Investissements d'Aveni "  French government program  managed by the  ANR.
Acknowledgements This study is part of the  Barents Sea Paleozoic basement and basin configurations (BarPz)  project funded by the  Research Council of Norway 's  PetroMaks2 program. Computing hours are part of Notur HPC allocation project  NN4704K :  3D  forward modeling of lithosphere extension. We are grateful to  NTNU HPC  support team for their assistance with Vilje supercomputer. DAM acknowledges financial support from the  European Research Council  under the European Union's  Seventh Framework Programme  ( FP7/2007-2013)/ERC Grant Agreement Number 279925  and the  Alfred P. Sloan Foundation  through the  Deep Carbon Observatory Modeling and Visualization Forum. Sascha Brune  and two anonymous reviewers are greatly acknowledged for their constructive revisions.
A proposed 5-part glossary contains specific items for which there was general agreement. Conference attendees acknowledged limitations of the recommendations and glossary, but they considered standardization of scientific nomenclature to be essential for improving communication. 2] [3] [4]  Despite this need for clarity, the nomenclature for describing kidney function and disease lacks uniformity. Two decades ago, a survey of hundreds of published articles and meeting abstracts reported a broad array of overlapping, confusing terms for chronic kidney disease (CKD) and advocated adoption of unambiguous terminology. 5 Nevertheless, terms flagged by that analysis as problematic, such as "chronic renal failure" and "pre-dialysis," still appear in current-day publications. A coherent, shared nomenclature could influence communication at all levels, including not only greater appreciation of the burden of disease, but also improved understanding about how patients feel about their disease, more effective communication between kidney disease specialists and other clinicians, more straightforward comparison and integration of datasets, better recognition of gaps in knowledge for future research, and more comprehensive public health policies for acute and chronic kidney disease.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The conference was sponsored by  Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO)  and supported in part by unrestricted educational grants from  AstraZeneca ,  Bayer HealthCare ,  Boehringer Ingelheim ,  Fresenius Medical Care ,  Roche , and  Sanofi. The content of this article does not necessarily reflect the views or opinions of the organizations or journals that were represented at the conference. Responsibility for the information and views expressed is limited to the coauthors. The authors are grateful to  Juhi Chaudhari, MPH , at  Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA , for assistance with manuscript preparation, and to  Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO)  staff members  John Davis ,  Amy Earley ,  Tanya Green , and  Melissa Thompson  for assistance with the meeting and manuscript.
Objectives: Aspergillus coinfection in coronavirus disease 2019 patients has rarely been described but may be occurring among coronavirus disease 2019 patients admitted to ICUs. Previous reports of viral coinfections with Aspergillus, including influenza-associated pulmonary aspergillosis, suggest that coronavirus disease 2019-associated aspergillosis is plausible. This report aims to summarize what is known about coronavirus disease 2019 complicated by Aspergillus, introduces coronavirus disease 2019-associated pulmonary aspergillosis as a possible clinical entity, and describes reasons clinical suspicion of Aspergillus is warranted in the critical care setting. Data Sources: We summarize the available evidence suggesting the existence of Aspergillus coinfection among severe coronavirus disease 2019 patients.
This includes published coronavirus disease 2019 patient case series, a case description, and a review of potential biologic mechanisms. Study Selection: Reports of coronavirus disease 2019 patient attributes were selected if they included clinical, microbiologic, or radiologic signs of invasive fungal infection. Data Extraction: Data included in summary tables were identified through a literature search for coronavirus disease 2019-associated pulmonary aspergillosis. Data Synthesis: We present descriptive data extracted from coronavirus disease 2019-associated pulmonary aspergillosis case series current at the time of article submission. Discussion: Pulmonary aspergillosis is known to occur among influenza patients requiring intensive care and is associated with increased mortality. If Aspergillus coinfections are occurring among coronavirus disease 2019 patients, early clinical suspicion and testing are needed to understand the epidemiology of these infections and prevent associated mortality.
Findings from bronchoscopic visualization, biopsy, and autopsy data will be critical in assessing the presence and anatomic localization of fungal invasion. An important challenge in performing such testing in COVID-19 patients is that clinicians may wish to avoid aerosol-generating procedures, such as BAL, given concern for transmission; recommended guidance for healthcare workers on use of personal protective equipment should be consulted  (27). Although Aspergillus colonization without infection is possible, antifungal treatment should be considered if Aspergillus grows or galactomannan is detected in lower respiratory tract specimens, or when patients with COVID-19-associated ARDS or sepsis do not respond to antibacterial treatment. As manifestations of aspergillosis in COVID-19 patients are heterogeneous, ranging from upper respiratory tract colonization to acute invasive disease, decisions on initiation of antifungal therapy depend on assessment of the patients' condition and mycological evidence supporting invasive infection.
This work was performed at Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA; Center of Expertise in Mycology, Radboud University Medical Center/CWZ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; and Medical ICU, UZLeuven, Leuven, Belgium. The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Dr. Verweij has received honoraria from Mundipharma, F2G, Pfizer, and Gliead Sciences paid to the institution; research grants from F2G, Pfizer, Thermofisher, and Gilead Sciences; and nonfinancial support from IMMY outside the submitted work. Dr. van de Veerdonk has received honoraria from Gliead Sciences. Dr. Wauters received speakers fee from Merck Sharp & Dohme (MSD), Pfizer, and Gilead; research grants from MSD and Pfizer; and nonfinancial support from MSD outside the submitted work.
Acknowledgments This work was supported by the grant from the  Independent Research Project of Nanjing University of Science and Technology  ( AE89891 ,  AE89991 ). Thanks to the  Analysis and Testing Center of Nanjing University of Science and Technology. Thanks to the Chemicals Testing Center of Nanjing University of Science and Technology. Thanks to the analysis and testing center of  King Abdullah University of Science and Technology. r e f e r e n c e s.
Data Collection Since the opening of UPOG in 2009, we have created a dedicated research database that was prospectively supplemented by 3 senior geriatricians (J. B. , J. C. -B. , L. Z. ), experts in orthogeriatrics, and that integrates all the data from the orthogeriatric care pathway for each patient. The following variables, collected prospectively, by interviewing patients, their family members or their physicians and pharmacists during the hospital stay, defined baseline characteristics before HF: age, gender, home or nursing home living conditions, walking ability, previous medical history, chronic medications, and type of fracture (radiological definition by an orthopedic surgeon). Comorbidity severity, frailty, and functional status were calculated prospectively by one of the 3 senior geriatricians during the hospital stay.
Data Collection Since the opening of UPOG in 2009, we have created a dedicated research database that was prospectively supplemented by 3 senior geriatricians (J. B. , J. C. -B. , L. Z. ), experts in orthogeriatrics, and that integrates all the data from the orthogeriatric care pathway for each patient. The following variables, collected prospectively, by interviewing patients, their family members or their physicians and pharmacists during the hospital stay, defined baseline characteristics before HF: age, gender, home or nursing home living conditions, walking ability, previous medical history, chronic medications, and type of fracture (radiological definition by an orthopedic surgeon). Co-morbidity severity, frailty, and functional status were calculated prospectively by one of the 3 senior geriatricians during the hospital stay.
Statistical Analyses The statistician who performed the analyses was an independent statistician who was not involved in data collection or the initial definition of study objectives. The statistical plan of the study was established by him, after discussion with the authors, before transmission of the data and the beginning of the analyses (Text S3). As the database was prospectively supplemented, all the authors were "blinded" to the research question at the time of data collection. The study is based on all available patients during the study period and thus no a priori power calculation was conducted. Data are presented as mean ± SD, median (25-75 interquartile range) for non-Gaussian distributed variables, or numbers (percentages). Comparison of quantitative variables between survivors and deceased patients involved unpaired Student t tests, or Mann-Whitney tests in case of rejection of the normality assumption in one or both groups.
A recent large randomized trial failed to observe a significant decrease in mortality when comparing early (median 6 h) vs. delayed (median 24 h) surgery. Our results are consistent with the non-significant estimate of risk reduction (1%, p = 0. 40)  [25]. The type of anesthesia used was not associated with outcome in our study, which agrees with findings from a recent large observational study  [26]. Nevertheless, because most of our patients had general anesthesia (96%), our study lacks the power to answer this question. We assessed the perioperative period with only blood transfusion and hemoglobin values, thereby failing to precisely assess perioperative hemodynamic stability. However, there are few data to indicate that intraoperative instability may have a major impact on outcome as compared to other known factors in this population.
THE GALACTIC-HF TRIAL: STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS The GALACTIC-HF trial (NCT02929329) (Figure  2 ) trial is a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebocontrolled CV outcomes trial to evaluate the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of OM in patients with chronic HFrEF. The primary outcome of the trial is the time to the first occurrence of CV death or an HF event. More than 8,000 patients receiving standard-of-care background HF therapy recruited from both the hospital and outpatient settings were randomized in a 1:1 fashion to OM or placebo. Patients were to receive study treatment from the time of their randomization.
5 mg/kg/h. successive cohorts of 8 escalating, crossover, for 6 h. 2. Dose-dependent linear increase (n ¼ 34) single-center trial 2. Safety, tolerability, in SET (r 2 ¼ 0. 99), with pharmacokinetics, increased LVEF, FS, and SV. pharmacodynamics. t 1/2 ¼ 17. 1-21. 0 h. Cardiac ischemia in some participants at plasma concentrations >1,200 ng/ml. NCT00624442 (II), Stable HF, 87% male, 64% Loading 0. 125- Double-blind, placebo- 1. Safety and tolerability for 1. Cardiac ischemia at plasma 2007-2009 (11) ischemic, HFrEF, 1. 0 mg/kg/h; controlled, dose- 2, 24, and 72 h. concentrations >1,300 ng/ml. LVEF #40% or Maintenance escalating, crossover, 2. Establish tolerated range of 2. Dose-dependent increases in LVEF #30% in cohort 4 0. 0625-0. 5 multicenter pharmacologically active SET, FS, LVEF, SV, and CO; (n ¼ 45) mg/kg/h (IV) international trial plasma concentrations.