dataesr/scientific-paragraphs-categorization huggingface dataset:
This explains why in our study the accuracy of MMP2 as prognostic biomarker was better for DSS than for OS, both in univariate and multivariate analysis. It is well known that HNSCC patients have a reduced cancer-independent life expectancy, which explains the differences observed between OS and DSS  (34). In this line, in the TCGA data, MMP2 was co-expressed with MMP1, MMP9 and MMP14 in HNSCC, but the authors did not report the impact of any MMP on OS in HNSCC  (35). The absence of DSS evaluation may explain this discrepancy. Beyond prognosis, MMP were also candidate therapeutic targets in cancer, but, so far, most molecules failed in their development because of their toxicities  (36). Selective inhibitors are still in development  (37) , (NCT03486730), as well as other drugs that have an indirect effect on MMP  (38).
We also used a binary criteria of severity defined as present in cases of DSS < 36 months and /or a DFS < 12 months without subsequent remission (unsuccessful salvage procedures and/or permanent palliative treatment); we considered that these criteria define the population with the most urgent need for prognosis biomarkers  (41). This study was done in compliance with the principles of Good Clinical Practice and the Declaration of Helsinki. All patients signed a consent form mentioning that their operative specimens might be used for scientific purposes, and 12 of the 18 patients cohort were also included in the clinical trial NCT03017573.
Analysis of CD3 and CD8 infiltration by Flow Cytometry Details are available at  (42). Briefly, single-cell suspensions were obtained from enzymatically digested tumor samples, then filtered, washed, counted and stained for 15 minutes with DAPI (Miltenyi Biotec) to exclude dead cells, CD3 (Alexa700, clone UCHT1, from BD, #557943) and CD8b (PC5, clone 2ST8. 5H7, from Beckman Coulter, #6607109) antibodies, among other antibodies (data not used in the present paper), before phenotyping by flow cytometry (BD LSRFortessa Analyzer).
PCR Amplification and quantification All of the PCR reactions were performed using an ABI Prism 7900HT Sequence Detection system (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, Massachusetts). PCR was performed using the Power SYBR™ Green PCR Master Mix (Life Technologies, Carlsbad, Californie). The thermal cycling conditions comprised an initial denaturation step of 10min at 95°C followed by 50 cycles at 95°C for 15 s and 65°C for 1 min. Cycle Threshold (Ct value) was defined by the cycle number at which the increase in the fluorescence signal associated with exponential growth of PCR products started to be detected, using Applied Biosystems analysis software according to the manufacturer's manuals. For quality controls, we quantified the housekeeping gene TBP (Genbank accession NM_003194). Primers for TBP and the 30 target genes were designed with the assistance of Oligo 6.
0 computer program (National Biosciences, Plymouth, MN). dbEST and nr databases were used to confirm the total gene specificity of the nucleotide sequences chosen as primers and the absence of single nucleotide polymorphisms. The primer pairs selected were unique relative to the sequences of closely related family member genes and the corresponding retropseudogenes. One of the two primers was placed at the junction between two exons or on two different exons to avoid genomic DNA contaminating. Specificity of PCR amplicons was verified by agarose gel electrophoresis. The oligonucleotide primers sequences used are shown in Table  S8.
Statistical Analysis Descriptive and statistical analyses were performed using GraphPad Prism V8, Xlstat (Addinsoft), and Qlucore softwares. Paired tumor and juxtatumor secretome comparison was done by Wilcoxon test. Univariate unpaired non-parametric comparisons used Mann-Whitney tests and Kruskal-Wallis test for multigroup comparisons. All correlations used Spearman method. Optimal threshold for ROC curves was defined as the value maximizing the sum of sensitivity and specificity. Univariate survival analysis was performed on clinical parameters and biological parameters (soluble molecules or 30 genes measured by RT-PCR) categorized as high or low by cut-off at median, or at optimal threshold when specified. Logrank tests were used for univariate analysis. For the 145 patient validation cohort, significant variables at the threshold of p < 0.
Material, patients, and methods This monocentric, observational and descriptive study included 30 patients between July 2017 and December 2018. The study received a consultative opinion from the French South East IV ethics committee. The inclusion criteria were: patients needing a Le Fort I osteotomy, alone or associated to a bilateral sagittal split osteotomy, whatever the indication; patients older than 16 years of age; and patients consenting to the collection of personal data for this study (patient or holder of parental authority for patients less than 18 of age). The exclusion criteria were: pregnancy; patients without social security coverage; dependent adults; and patients needing a maxillary disjunction. Surgical indication was retained after clinical and radiological examination.
Occlusal splints manufacturing Plaster casts were mounted on a semiadjustable articulator (ARCON, MESTRA) via a facebow transfer (ELITE facebow) and the diagnostic bite splint. Maxillary repositioning splints (intermediate splint in case of bimaxillary procedure or final splint in case of Le Fort I isolate) were manufactured in acrylic resin (Dentsply Sirona) according to the planning data. For the occlusal splints, the planning data were characterised by the dental movements, from the cephalometric planning.
Navigation planning and system For the navigation, movements and references were defined in the porion-nasion plane from the cephalometry planning. The movements were characterised by the translations (mm) and by the rotations ( o ) of the inter-incisal point in this plane. The planning data was manually recorded in the specific Orthopilot TM system software. The navigation system included an optical localiser (Polaris; NDI), controlled by a standard PC. The camera locates in the space in real time reflective markers with a specific geometry called "rigid bodies". Those rigid bodies are attached (in a reversible and reproducible manner) on a specific ancillary adapted to orthognathic surgery.
Le Fort 1 osteotomies were done according to a classic maxilla first technique. The maxilla positioning was conducted in two phases. In the first one, the maxilla was classically placed and manually maintained in the position given by the maxillary repositioning splint stabilised by a maxillomandibular fixation. This position was then recorded by the navigation system. The collected data were saved in a dedicated file named "without Orthopilot TM ". During the second phase, the maxilla was manually positioned tracking its position on the screen of the computer of the navigation system. The goal was to minimise the value of discrepancies from the actual position to the planned one. Once the values were as close to 0 as possible, the osteosynthesis was done with four L-shaped plates, still controlling the position on the screen.
Statistical analysis The data collected included: age and sex of the patient; type of occlusion according to Angle's classification; dysmorphia type -anterioror or posterior vertical excess (AVE or PVE) asymmetry); planned movement of the maxilla recorded for the navigation (Tlr, Ttb, Tbf, Ra, Rs and Rf); the movements are characterised by the translation (mm) and the rotation ( o ) of the interincisal point in the porion-nasion plane; and the position of the maxilla "without the Orthopilot TM " and "with the Orthopilot TM ". Discrepancies from the planned position of the maxilla with and without the Orthopilot TM were calculated as derived data. The accuracy of positioning (with or without the Orthopilot TM ) was classified in nine distinct classes with three major criteria (conformity, non-conformity, and failure) as previously described: class 1: conformity in translation The conformity, non-conformity, and failure limits are shown in Fig.
13 The limits of agreement were calculated by the mean (SD) differences d (1. 96). An enhanced Bland and Altman analysis, including a linear regression model and a complementary graphical approach, completed this analysis (see supplemental data). Conformity and failure rate were calculated with and without the Orthopilot TM (paired series). A McNemar test  14  for paired series was used to know whether the maxillary positioning was significantly better with navigation. Distributions of discrepancies with and without the Orthopilot TM were compared by a Wilcoxon test. Statistical analyses were carried out using SAS software (SAS Institute Inc).
The FT-Raman spectra were recorded for wavenumbers below 3600 cm -1 , with 400 scans and a resolution of 4 cm -1. An FEI Tecnai F20 field emission, high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HR-TEM) operating at an accelerating voltage of 200 kV was used to obtain the HR-TEM images. Electron micrographs were recorded on Eagle 4k CCD camera. The hydroxyapatite samples were dispersed in pure water and then deposited on Cu grids previously covered with carbon film. The fast Fourier transform (FFT) was performed by using Gatan Digital Micrograph software for the evaluation of lattice spacing in HR-TEM images. Field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM or SEM), Hitachi SU-8230, operated at 30 kV, was used to explore the nanostructure of HAP samples. FE-SEM was equipped with Oxford energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDS) for elemental analysis (energy-dispersive X-ray, EDX, spectra).
X-Ray Powder Diffraction: XRD XRD data were collected for 2θ between 10º and 80º (Figure  1 ). The XRD patterns for the noncalcined HAPs are given in Figure  1A  and for the calcined HAPs are shown in Figure  1B. Phases were identified by comparing the peak positions of the experimental X-ray powder diffraction patterns with those of the ICDD (International Centre for Diffraction Data) powder diffraction files (PDF), such as PDF 74-0566 and PDF 09-0432 of HAP used for stoichiometric hydroxyapatite, and PDF 34-0484 of Ca 9 Sr(PO 4 ) 6 (OH) 2 for calcined HAPc-Sr10%, as exemplified in Figure  S1. No matches could be found for diffraction peaks of β-tricalcium phosphate, β-TCP (PDF 09-0169), α-TCP (PDF 09-0348), CaO (PDF 82-1690), or tetracalcium phosphate, TTCP (PDF 25-1137). The average crystallite size for these samples was evaluated by the Scherrer method, from the width of the most intense diffraction peaks, measured at halfmaximum, as shown previously in the case of HAP mono substituted with various Si amounts.
54 The degree of crystallinity was estimated using Reflex computer program part of Material Studio software (Accelrys Software Inc. Materials Studio, Release 5. 5, 2010) as the ratio of the area of all crystalline peaks to the total area (crystalline peaks and amorphous halo). The crystal lattice parameters, a=b (for hexagonal lattice) and c, in the HAP and ms-HAP ceramics were calculated from XRD data (Figure  1 ), using the equations (3) and (  4 ), as given in the characterization methods. 4, 43 he results are given in Table  2.
Acknowledgments This work was supported by the European Joint  Research EURONANOMED II  project " Multifunctional injectable nano HAP composites for the treatment of osteoporotic bone fractures , " NanoForOsteo , namely from the  Swiss National Science Foundation  through the ERANet under the frame of EuroNanoMed-II (Project number:  31NM30-152035 ), the  Romanian Executive Agency for Higher Education, Research, Development and Innovation Funding, UEFISCDI  (grant  4-005 , grant  241  and grant  83 ), the  Academy of Science, Latvia, Participation in European Union  programs for research and technology development, grant  Z/14/1187. Authors gratefully thank  Dr. L. Barbu-Tudoran  and  Dr. A. Vulpoi  for electron microscopy assistance and  Dr. G. Borodi  for XRD assistance. Dr. Gerard Demazeau  passed away on Nov.
| Do people with periodontitis have a higher risk of other CVDs or conditions (heart failure, atrial fibrillation)? Several studies report positive associations between periodontitis and heart failure. There is evidence from a large Asian study using the Taiwanese National Health Insurance Research Database reporting a significantly higher incidence of atrial fibrillation in individuals with periodontal diseases compared to individuals without periodontal diseases (hazard ratio-HR = 1. 31, 95%  CI [1. 25, 1. 36] ) (Chen, Lin, Chen, & Chen, 2016).
Cross-sectional data of The Scottish Health Surveys from 1995 to 2003 pertaining 11,869 men and women (mean age of 50 years) were linked to a database of hospital admissions and deaths with follow-up until December 2007 (Information Services Division, Edinburgh) (de Oliveira et al. , 2010). Participants who brushed less than once a day exhibited the highest incidence of ACVD events (HR = 1. 7, 95% CI [1. 3; 2. 3]) compared with those who brushed twice a day, indicating that self-performed oral hygiene routines may reduce the incidence of ACVD. A retrospective nationwide, population-based study in Taiwan, including 511,630 participants with periodontitis and 208,713 controls, used the Longitudinal Health Insurance Database 2000 to estimate the incidence rate of ACVD events from 2000 to 2015 (Lee et al.
Minassian et al. (2010) performed a self-controlled case series including nearly 10 million participants included in an insurance database from 2002 and 2006 in the United States. The analysis showed that invasive dental treatment (largely comprising of tooth extractions and only 4% being non-surgical and surgical periodontal procedures) is associated with an increased risk of incident acute cardiovascular events (IR = 1. 5, 95% CI [1. 09; 2. 06]) within the first 4 weeks of treatment recorded.
In late January, all museums in China were closed due to the outbreak of the coronavirus. It was not until mid-to-late March, when the pandemic gradually stabilized in China, that Chinese museums started to reopen, though with certain restrictions. Since 1 February, the State Administration of Cultural Heritage has gradually released six batches of museums' online resources including over four hundred virtual exhibitions, panoramic exhibition halls, and data platforms. These resources cover large national museums like the National Museum of China and the Palace Museum in Beijing, the Shanghai Museum, as well as those smaller and specialized museums dealing with China's revolutionary history. The online exhibitions contain permanent displays, temporary exhibitions, and those popular traveling shows brought to China most recently from different countries, like exhibitions about Egyptian culture, which have been very rarely picked up by Chinese museums.
Acknowledgements Chevreul Institute  ( FR 2638 ),  Ministère de l'Enseignement Supérieur et de la Recherche ,  Région Hauts-de-France  and  Fonds Européen de Développement Régional (FEDER)  are acknowledged for supporting and funding partially this work. We are most grateful to  Gaétan Rauwel  ( Laboratoires ANIOS, France ) and  Anny Dewilde  ( Université de Lille, Laboratoire de Virologie, France ).
Introduction The digital revolution has deeply transformed the world of dentistry. The introduction of novel devices such as intraoral  [1] , desktop  [2] , and face scanners  [3] ; computer-assisted design/computerassisted manufacturing (CAD/CAM) software  [4] ; milling units  [5] ; and 3D printers  [6] , together with new materials  [7, 8] , has changed the face of dentistry. Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) also has a deep impact in the implant dentistry because it allows the clinician to capture 3D information of the available bone for a better treatment planning, with considerably reduced radiations to the patient  [9] ; CBCT opens the door to computer-aided implant surgery (CAIS), which is nowadays one of the most important applications of digital dentistry  [10]. Since of the first publication on image-guided surgery  [11] , many applications have been proposed to planimplant placement in advance.
EasyGuide protocol (Keystone-Dental, Burlington, MA, USA) was used. Prior to surgery, the template with resin cube (fiducially marker) was used in the 3D scanning and the EasyGuide planning software was used to transfer the planned implant placement to the surgical site. The template was drilled using a digitally controlled drilling machine in compliance with planned implant placement and the drilling machine made holes on the template and on the plaster cast. After anesthesia was obtained, the drilled template was placed and fitted in the mouth in the same position as during the template scan. The dental surgeon inserted the drill sleeves into the template holes and the drill was passed through them to create a cavity at the top of the crest. This small cavity acted as the entrance for the pilot holes after removal.
7  Schols et al, a differentiation of the spectra of nerve and fatty tissue was demonstrated. 23 Moreover, machine-learning approaches based on HSI data have been evaluated to automatically classify tissues. For example, k-nearest neighbors (k-NN),  24  random forest (RF),  25  support vector machines (SVMs),  [24] [25] [26]  artificial neuronal networks (ANN),  24, 25  and band selection  27  have been applied. Furthermore, studies have pointed out that the SVM is well adapted to the processing of HSI data. 28  this work, an SVM-based approach was evaluated to highlight the parathyroid and thyroid glands as well as the RLN from surrounding structures (eg, instruments) and tissues (eg, skin, connective tissue of the neck, muscles), using HSI data. HSI recordings were done during nine open thyroidectomies.
| Patient database The data set includes the HSI data of nine patients with different histological findings  7  (Table  1 ). The surgeon annotated intraoperatively, mainly focusing on the thyroid and parathyroid glands, the nerves and the surrounding tissue, that is, the skin tissue, connective tissue, and muscle. Additional labels were positioned in the operational gauze and instruments in order to identify the background accurately later (post-surgery). The structures presented in each patient are depicted in Table  2. Parathyroid glands were visible in seven patients and the RLN in four patients.
In Reference 33, a hyperspectral camera setup in the visible spectrum from 400 to 700 nm was developed to monitor in vivo the optical properties of different tissue types during mastoidectomy, parotidectomy, and neck dissection. Our recorded spectra of the parathyroid glands and the RLN in the range from 500 to 1000 nm were similar to those in Reference 33. Furthermore, in Reference 33, the authors showed that the variability of the spectrum of the nerve data was higher than for the other tissues. The optical characterization of organs and tissues in neck surgery based on HSI has been examined in a couple of previous works. In values varied in a big range from 66% to 100%, and from 46% to 100% for fat and nerve, respectively. These values cannot be compared to ours since we performed another validation method (leave-one-patient-out cross-validation).
35 mpared to previous works, the originality of our approach in thyroid and parathyroid surgery is the additional classification of the RLN. A permanent control of the nerve is important to avoid possible injuries during surgery. The spectra of the nerve showed relevant differences to the other tissues in the NIR range (Figure  3 ). Automatic discrimination should therefore be possible in theory. However, the classification scores remain unsatisfactory with a mean F1-Score of 41%. Several reasons could explain this fact. Nerves are thin structures that are complex to annotate in the HSI data. Also, the higher variability in the reflectance spectra of nerve tissue (observed in Wisotzky et al and here in Figures  4  and 5 ) combined with the small database (four patients) used in our study, may reduce the performance of the classification method for nerve tissue.
33 Another clinical interest could be the identification of lymph nodes and their differentiation with regard to benign and malignant cell content, which is hardly impossible by the surgeon's optical evaluation only. Patients 5, 7, 8, and 9 had lower accuracies than the other patients. A possible reason for this is their final histology. In Reference 36, the impact of hyperthyroidism on the detection of the parathyroid using NIR autofluorescence was evaluated. It was shown that the pathology decreases the parathyroid gland's autofluorescence and increases the autofluorescence of the surrounding tissue. In general, a limitation of the current study is the small sample size (n = 9). Further studies with larger patient numbers are needed to achieve more training dataset, which would have improved the classification's accuracy.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This study was funded by the  Federal Ministry of Education and Research   13GW0248B. The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest. All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964  Helsinki Declaration  and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. Experimental hyperspectral measurements from patients for the evaluation of the new technology have obtained the ethics approval by the  Ethics Committee of the University Hospital of Leipzig  under 393/16-ek. Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.
90% of fine particles were less than 2. 97 µm (D90), 50% were is less than 0. 157 µm (D50) and 10% were less than 0. 003 µm (D10) (Table  1 ). As shown in table 1, large particles have a higher surface area and pore volume and lower pore size than fine particles. According to the results of our previous study  [17] , large particles released Ca 2+ (day 1: 50 ppm -day 3: 70 ppm -Day 7: 80 ppm) as revealed by inductive coupled plasma spectrometry after immersion in deionised water. Before cell contact, the samples were sterilized under UV for 30 minutes after which they were suspended in the culture media at a concentration of 800 μg/ml. Preliminary assays have been carried out to determine the most efficient concentration in the current experimental conditions (data not shown).
Statistical analysis Data were analyzed using statistical software SPSS TM (V21. 0, IBM, IL, USA) and fond to be normally distributed. Non-parametric analysis and multiple comparison were achieved using One-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) with a repetition test followed by Post Hoc tests. A comparison was made between the two tested particle groups (fine vs large particles) and exposed cells were compared to control group cells (Fine or Large particles vs controls cells). Results were reported as mean standard deviation (±SD) and statistical significance was accepted at p < 0. 05.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The research work leading to this manuscript has partially received funding from the  European Union Seventh Framework Pro -gram (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement n•608197. The authors thank the  "Centre d'Imagerie Quantitative Lyon-Est (CIQLE)" University Claude Bernard Lyon1  and especially  Mr. Denis RESSNIKOFF  for his assistance with the confocal imaging. We are also grateful to  Mrs. Charlène CHEVALIER  for her technical assistance with a part the experimental protocol.
Acknowledgements The authors would like to thank  Mr Tapie  ( URB2i ) and  Mr Lebon  ( URB2i ) for their assistance to set up the machining process and  Mr Smaniotto  ( LMT ) for performing scanning of the dental assemblies. This work was carried out within the MATMECA consortium and supported by the  ANR  under contract number  ANR-10-EQPX-37.