dataesr/scientific-paragraphs-categorization huggingface dataset:
has received unconditional research grants from Medtronic UK (managed by the University of Leeds) for a PhD fellowship program. He has also acted as a proctor for Cardiac Dimensions. D. M. K. is a co-founder and stock-holder (minor) of Cardiac Dimensions. J. L. has been a proctor for Cardiac Dimensions. T. S. received proctoring fees from Cardiac Dimensions during the conduct of the study. S. L. G. is a stock-holder and consultant to Cardiac Dimensions, during the conduct of the study; he has received honoraria from Abbott, outside the submitted work. R. S. v. B. is a steering committee member and/or investigator for Abbott, Cardiac Dimensions, Bioventrix and Edwards and has received honoraria from Abbott, Cardiac Dimensions, GE, Edwards, Philips, Siemens Healthineers. H. S. reports grants from Cardiac Dimensions, during the conduct of the study; grants, fees and non-financial support from 4tech Cardio, Abbott, Ablative Solutions, Ancora Heart, Bavaria Medizin Technologie GmbH, Bioventrix, Boston Scientific, Carag, Celonova, Comed B.
Literature Review The literature review was carried out between March and May 2020, in parallel with the qualitative study. The goal was to find technical solutions for use as simulants in plasticizer migration studies (Figure  1 , step 3). By applying five sets of keywords in English (Table  1 ), we searched the PubMed database for full-text articles published in English or French. No limitation was placed on the search period (i. e. , all fields and no filters). The sets of keywords were used separately first but were then combined in order to reduce the number of publications and focus the search on the topic in question. The following combinations were used: 1-2-3-4-5, 1-3-4-5, and 2-3-4-5. All results were reviewed, selected, and validated by the study's scientific advisory board. Lastly, we screened the bibliographies of all the selected full-text publications for additional studies of human blood simulants.
The points of consensus highlighted by our qualitative study might constitute a database for a draft approach to the standardization of plasticizer migration tests, in which human blood would be replaced by a natural or synthetic simulant. Among all proposed technical solutions, pig's blood could be the most suitable and convenient one. Indeed, pig's blood possesses the closest physical-chemical and biological properties to human blood, and it can be processed to obtain plasma, PC, and RBC using the same protocol applied for human blood. The availability and standardization of pigs for experimental research also constitute two clear benefits. However, it could be necessary to check that pig's blood is not contaminated by plasticizers before migration studies. This approach could also be extended to other types of biological tests in order to reduce the need for scarce human blood.
Acknowledgments: We thank  Michel Cunin  for his help with the focus group methodology and  Jean-Baptiste Beuscart  for helpful discussions and advice on the Delphi working method. We also thank  André Rapaille ,  Lise Leroy ,  Mathieu Jeanne ,  Maxime Pierre ,  Fabrice Cognasse  for their participation in the Delphi group and  Morgane Masse  for her time spent testing the questionnaires.
for each technical solution:  Relevant technical solution: x=1  Irrelevant technical solution: x=0 • Grading the level of consensus: high, moderate, low Step 6 Formulation of the topic and objectives Selection of experts Qualitative study: nominal group Literature review Individual assessments Database selection Drawing up criteria Drawing up a list of keywords Merging and Selection of rewording the criteria publications Ranking the criteria Analysis of publications Design & elaboration of the questionnaires Distribution of the questionnaires and obtaining the experts' replies Synthesis of the questionnaire results, and consensus building Figure 1. The Delphi method. LBP: labile blood product; WB: whole blood; RBC: red blood cell concentrate; P: plasma; PC: platelet concentrate. 2. 2. Study Design 2.
Spectroscopy SN 2019cad was observed spectroscopically at 12 epochs spanning phases between 13. 6 to 88. 1 days past explosion. These observations were acquired with five different instruments: ALFOSC at the NOT, SPRAT  (Piascik et al. 2014 ) at the LT, the FLOYDS spectrograph  (Brown et al. 2013 ) on the Faulkes Telescope South (FTS), OSIRIS at the GTC, and with the Spectral Energy Distribution Machine (SEDM;  Blagorodnova et al. 2018 ) on the automated 60-inch telescope at Palomar Observatory (P60;  Cenko et al. 2006)  2. The log of spectroscopic observations of SN 2019cad is presented in Table  A6. Data reductions for ALFOSC and OSIRIS were performed following standard routines in. The SPRAT data were reduced using the Fast and Dark Side of Transient experiment Fast extraction pipeline (FDSTfast) 3.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We thank the anonymous referee for the comments and suggestions that have helped to improve the paper. We are grateful to  Peter Jonker  who enabled the WHT observation of this target during his program W19AN003. We thank  Peter Brown  its contribution with data from the  Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory. CPG and MS acknowledge support from  EU/FP7-ERC  grant No. [615929]. MO acknowledges support from  UNRN   PI2018 40B696  grant. GP acknowledges support by  ANID -Millennium Science Initiative -ICN12_009. NER acknowledges support from  MIUR ,  PRIN 2017  (grant  20179ZF5KS ). MF is supported by a  Royal Society -Science Foundation Ireland University Research Fellowship. MS is supported by generous grants from  VILLUM FONDEN  ( 13261 ,  28021 ) and by a project grant ( 8021-00170B ) from the  Independent Research Fund Denmark.
LG was funded by the  European Union 's  Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme  under the  Marie Skłodowska-Curie  grant agreement No. 839090. JB, DH, DAH, and CP were supported by  NSF  grant  AST-1911225. TMB was funded by the  CONICYT PFCHA / DOC-TORADOBECAS CHILE/2017-72180113. This work has been partially supported by the  Spanish  grant  PGC2018-095317-B-C21  within the  European Funds for Regional Development (FEDER). Based on observations made with the  Nordic Optical Telescope , owned in collaboration by the  University of Turku and Aarhus University , and operated jointly by  Aarhus University , the  University of Turku  and the  University of Oslo , representing  Denmark, Finland and Norway , the  University of Iceland and Stockholm University at the Observatorio del Roque de los Muchachos, La Palma, Spain , of the  Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias.
For the probed parameter space and m VV T distribution used for signal extraction, the varying width as a function of s H is assumed to have negligible effect on the result. The observed limit excludes s H values greater than 0. 20-0. 35 for the m H 5 range from 200 to 1500 GeV. The limit improves the sensitivity of the previous CMS results at  13  TeV, where s H values greater than about 0. 4 and 0. 5 are excluded using the leptonic decay mode of the σ VBF (H ±± ) B(H ±± → W ± W ± )  [28]  and σ VBF (H ± ) B(H ± → WZ)  [29]  processes, respectively, for the m H 5 range from 200 to 1000 GeV. Tabulated results are available in the HepData database  [82].
Acknowledgments We congratulate our colleagues in the CERN accelerator departments for the excellent performance of the LHC and thank the technical and administrative staffs at  CERN  and at other  CMS institutes  for their contributions to the success of the CMS effort. In addition, we gratefully acknowledge the computing centers and personnel of the Worldwide LHC Computing Grid and other centres for delivering so effectively the computing infrastructure essential to our analyses. Finally, we acknowledge the enduring support for the construction and operation of the LHC, the  CMS detector , and the supporting computing infrastructure provided by the following funding agencies:  BMBWF  and  FWF (Austria) ;  FNRS  and  FWO (Belgium) ;  CNPq ,  CAPES ,  FAPERJ ,  FAPERGS , and  FAPESP (Brazil) ;  MES (Bulgaria) ;  CERN ;  CAS, MoST , and  NSFC (China) ;  MINCIENCIAS (Colombia) ;  MSES  and  CSF (Croatia) ;  RIF (Cyprus) ;  SENESCYT (Ecuador) ;  MoER ,  ERC PUT  and  ERDF (Estonia) ;  Academy of Finland ,  MEC , and  HIP (Finland) ;  CEA  and  CNRS/IN2P3  (France);  BMBF ,  DFG , and  HGF (Germany) ;  GSRT (Greece) ;  NK-FIA (Hungary) ;  DAE  and  DST (India) ;  IPM (Iran) ;  SFI (Ireland) ;  INFN (Italy) ;  MSIP  and  NRF (Republic of Korea) ;  MES (Latvia) ;  LAS (Lithuania) ;  MOE  and  UM (Malaysia) ;  BUAP ,  CIN-VESTAV ,  CONACYT ,  LNS ,  SEP , and  UASLP-FAI (Mexico) ;  MOS (Montenegro) ;  MBIE (New Zealand );  PAEC (Pakistan) ;  MSHE  and  NSC (Poland) ;  FCT (Portugal) ;  JINR (Dubna) ;  MON, RosAtom ,  RAS ,  RFBR , and  NRC KI (Russia) ;  MESTD (Serbia) ;  SEIDI, CPAN, PCTI , and  FEDER (Spain) ;  MOSTR (Sri Lanka) ;  Swiss Funding Agencies (Switzerland) ;  MST (Taipei) ; ThEPCenter, IPST, STAR, and  NSTDA (Thailand) ;  TUBITAK  and  TAEK (Turkey) ;  NASU (Ukraine) ;  STFC  ( United Kingdom );  DOE  and  NSF (USA).
Data Collection For PMR patients, age and sex were collected for the present study. Leukocytes, neutrophils, platelet counts, and hemoglobin levels were assessed at each available visit (V0 and V3 to V8). Levels of c-globulins, immunoglobulin (Ig) A, IgG and IgM were collected at V0, V5, V6, and V8. Autoantibodies were tested only at inclusion. For HCs, a preliminary testing for antinuclear antibodies (ANA) was performed by indirect immunofluorescence (IIF). If ANA IIF was positive at 1/80 dilution, antibody screening was performed as described above for the patients. PMR-AS was collected at each visit between inclusion and V5 (week 12), and PMR-AS \ 10 was used to define a response for survival analysis.
Statistical Analysis Data are presented as the mean ± standard error of the mean or number (percentage) when appropriate. First, leukocytes, neutrophils, platelets, and hemoglobin were compared between the HCs and PMR patients at each available visit. The correlation between IL-6 and leukocytes, neutrophils, platelets, or hemoglobin was examined at V0 and V5. Next, the level of cglobulin in the serum of the HCs and PMR patients at each available visit was compared, and IgA, IgG and IgM levels in the serum of the PMR patients were compared between V0 and V5. The Kruskal-Wallis nonparametric test was used to compare the PMR patients and HCs when more than two variables were considered. The paired Wilcoxon test was employed to compare the PMR patients over time. The Spearman correlation test was applied for correlations.
The profile likelihood method using a log-rank (Mantel-Cox) regression model to compare the time for PMR-AS response was used in univariate analysis to determine the optimal threshold, and the patients were stratified into two groups with a Kaplan-Meier survival curve. RStudioÒ was used for heatmap analysis with reordering of both rows and columns and dendrogram construction. p \ 0. 05 was considered statistically significant. Statistical analyses were performed using GraphPad PrismÒ software v6. 05 (GraphPad Software, La Jolla, CA, USA) and RStudioÒ v1. 2. 5042 (2009-2020 RStudio, Inc. ) for Windows.
As a routinely available biological marker that predicts a rapid response for tocilizumab, the cglobulin level is of clinical utility but has yet to be confirmed in other studies. Our study is limited by the small number of patients. This small number might explain the prevalence of men over women, not commonly observed in PMR. Moreover, the data were obtained using common daily practice assay (except for the IL-6). This is a limitation in regard of the search for autoantibodies, but this is also an advantage to replicate and extrapolate our results to other cohorts. Nevertheless, no large cohort of PMR patients treated with tocilizumab and with extensive clinical and biological characterization is available to date.
b Fig. 3   Compliance with Ethics Guidelines. An ethics committee (CCP-OUEST-VI) and a local ethics committee (comited'ethique du CHRU de Brest, seance du 09/12/2014) provided approval for the study. The TENOR trial has been registered on ClinicalTrials under the number NCT01713842. This study was performed in accordance with the Helsinki Declaration of 1964 and its later amendments. All healthy controls included in this study gave informed and written consent. Data Availability. The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request. Open Access. This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4. 0 International License, which permits any non-commercial use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made.
Setting and patients We conducted a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data, in accordance with the Strengthening The Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) guidelines. The study took place in a 1500 bed tertiary university hospital. All patients who had ECMO during their stay from the 1 January 2005 to the 31 December 2019 were screened from our institutional ECMO database, and only patients with VA-ECMO were included. However, patients supported with VA-ECMO for primary graft failure following heart transplant were excluded. Indications for VA-ECMO therapy included medical and surgical causes of refractory CS in whom satisfactory systemic perfusion (systolic artery pressure > 80 mmHg, left atrial pressure < 20 mmHg, cardiac index higher than 1. 8 L/min/m 2 ) could not be achieved despite optimal intravascular volume status, high-dose inotropic medication (epinephrine > 0.
2 μg/kg/min or dobutamine > 15 μg/kg/ min with or without norepinephrine > 0. 2 μg/kg/min), and/or other support. Our study complied with the Declaration of Helsinki. Our database was approved by the French data protection authority: Commission Nationale de l'Informatique et des Libertés (CNIL, Reference 1685088, 25 July 2013). The need for written consent was waived because of the observational design.
Statistical analysis Statistical analysis was performed with the statistical software R 3. 4. 3 and the Statistical Package for Social Sciences Version 25 (SPSS Inc. , IBM, Armonk, New York). Categorical variables were described as number (percentage), and continuous variables as median and interquartile range. The χ 2 test and Fisher's exact test were used to compare categorical variables as appropriate. The Mann-Whitney U test and the Kruskal-Wallis test were used to compare continuous variables. All univariate analyses were performed on complete cases. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to study variables associated with the use of epinephrine. The primary analysis of 30 days of mortality was performed using a multivariable Cox model. Overall, 3. 1% of data were missing (11.
7% of patients had at least one missing value). For the purposes of the Cox multivariable analysis, missing data were assumed to be random and were handled by multiple imputation using chained equations. Ten imputed datasets were created, and the results were pooled according to Rubin's rule  11  and were reported as adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) with their 95% confidence intervals (CIs). All variables with a univariate association with the primary outcome at a P-value < 0. 20 level were included in the multivariable analysis. Finally, to evaluate the robustness of the primary analysis, a sensitivity analysis with propensity score (PS) inverse probability weighting (IPW) was performed in the entire population in order to generate a weighted cohort in which baseline characteristic distributions were independent of epinephrine exposure.
The robustness of our results was challenged by the use of two differing adjustment methods, which produced comparable estimates of epinephrine treatment effect. However, our study does have several limitations. First, while the data were prospectively collected, this was a retrospective observational analysis with its inherent limitations. Second, we acknowledge that sicker patients had higher chances to receive epinephrine, suggesting that this vasopressor could have been used as a rescue therapy in the most severely ill patients. However, a significant association between epinephrine administration and death was found after multivariable adjustment with a Cox model regression. The association held true after a second method of adjustment using PS with IPW. Although unmeasured confounding may persist despite statistical adjustment, our results suggest that the higher mortality observed among epinephrine recipients may not be solely explained by their more severe baseline profile.
Third, some variables lacked granularity in the database such as 'medical CS', which included a wide range of ECMO indications. Finally, the single-centre design may also limit the generalizability of our findings. In conclusion, epinephrine administration was associated with an increased risk of death in patients on VA-ECMO. These results support the findings of other recent studies that highlight possible detrimental effects of epinephrine in patients with CS. Together, these results support the need for a prospective randomized trial to address the optimum vasopressor strategy for patients on VA-ECMO.
Population and data source (Covimater) From an internet access panel of volunteer internet users (BVA group), we created a non-probability study (Covimater) sample of 500 adult women who were pregnant during the rst lockdown in France  (17 March - 11 May 2020). Participants were 18 years old and over and residents in metropolitan France. Women who gave birth in the two rst weeks of the lockdown and those whose pregnancy began during the last two weeks were not included due to their limited exposure to it. Eligible women were invited to answer a web-based questionnaire between 6 and 20 July 2020.
Survey methodology Covimater used quotas sampling, whereby the study sample is assigned a structure similar to that of the target population (i. e. , all pregnant women) in order to tend towards representativeness. The population of parents of children under one year old -as per the National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies 2016 census -was used to obtain the quotas (25). Only mothers' quotas were used to calculate weightings using Newton's algorithm (26). Speci cally, these data comprised age group, socioprofessional category (SPC), region of residence, size of urban area, and parity. No signi cant difference in age group, region of residence or parity was observed between women participating in Covimater and the whole population of women in France who gave birth in a hospital maternity ward (i.
The nal model included the variables independently associated with the variable of interest (p-value < 0. 05) after epidemiological re ection and according to the clinical relevance of each variable at each step of the procedure. A manual stepwise descending approach was applied. Estimates of aPR, their 95% con dence intervals (95% CI) and associated p-values were presented. As indicated by Zou, PRs are interpreted in the same way as relative risks  (30). All statistical analyses were performed using Stata software ®version 14. 2 (Stata Corp. , College Station, TX, USA).
Data Collection and Analysis All clinical and imaging data were retrieved from electronic medical records. The parent artery angle was measured at the intersection of the central lines of the proximal and distal portions of the parent vessel to the center point of the parent artery facing the aneurysm neck, before and after stent deployment and at first followup (Fig  1 ). Parent artery straightening was defined as the difference between the postdeployment angle (b ) and the initial angle (a). Two independent physicians blinded to the angiographic outcome of the aneurysm performed these measurements on DSA working projections. The postdeployment angle used for analyses was the mean of both raters' measurements. Discrepancies of. 10°of parent artery straightening were resolved by consensus.
X-ray powdered diffraction XRPD patterns were collected using an X-Ray wide angle diffractometer INEL CPS 120. Operating conditions were 30 kV and 30 mA. The transmitted X-ray beam is produced from a filtered Co source Kα1 (λ = 0. 178897 nm). The intensity of the diffracted beam is recorded with a curved position-sensitive detector between 0°and 120°(2θ) at a step size of 0. 03°. Resolution width varies slightly from 0. 10°to 0. 15°i n 2θ (from small angles to large angles). X-Ray diffraction patterns were acquired at all angles simultaneously. Powder samples were prepared by gentle hand grinding in an agate mortar. All data interpretations were performed with the Match! Software.
Micro-Raman Raman spectra were obtained with a Horiba JobinYvon HR800 Raman spectrometer equipped with an Olympus BX41 confocal microscope, a 600-grooves/mm holographic grating monochromator and a high-gain Peltier-cooled CCD. A Nd solid state laser at 532-nm has been used as excitation and neutral density filters were used to avoid sample heating. Spectra were obtained on petrographic thin sections with a 100× objective. Under these working conditions, the minimum lateral resolution is around 2 μm and the resolution along z-axis is ca. 1 μm. The spectrometer was calibrated using the 520. 7 cm -1 Raman peak of silicon before each experimental session. Spectra were collected as follows: 15 acquisitions for 10 s in the low and high wavenumber spectral range were averaged and background subtracted with LabSpec® software.
Chemical analysis Chemical analysis was performed on petrographic thin sections with a Scanning Electron Microscope associated to Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) JEOL JSM IT 300 LV equipped with an Oxford INCA Energy 200 ED. An automated approach descripted in Supporting Materials (Supporting Materials 5a and b) was adopted to collect a representative, statistically significant number of EDS point analyses on elongated (fibrous) crystals of antigorite occurring with several textures. Microanalysis operating conditions were 15 kV and 5 nA, 10 5 CPS and 30 s counting time; relative wt% errors are <1% for major elements and <5% for minor components. Standards comprise pure elements, oxides and/or silicate. Before the analysis, samples were coated with a carbon layer. The EDS chemical data were analysed by means of a statistical approach, consisting of multivariate analysis (cluster analysis and Principal Component Analysis).
For each sample, about 300 EDS point analyses on elongated fibrous crystals were collected on petrographic thin section (Supporting materials S5a). Representative microanalyses for each sample are reported in Table  1. PCA analysis reduced the variance of the eleven major elements (Si, Al, Cr, Fe, Ni, Co, Mg, Mn, K, Na, and Ca) to a minimum number of principal components, which describe more than 90% of the variance of the analyses. In our dataset, the three principal components described the 97. 46% of the total variance of the system, the two-dimensional graph obtained plotting principal component PC1 vs. PC2, and PC2 vs. PC3 are reported in Fig. 7. The eigenvectors (blue lines) localise the contribution given by single elements, whereas the eigenvalues (the vector magnitude) are related to covariance of the dataset in that variable.