dataesr/scientific-paragraphs-categorization huggingface dataset:
12 This is 95 < m χ± 1 < 600 GeV and 0. 05 < τ χ± 1 < 4 ns (15 < cτ χ± 1 < 1200 mm) for the ATLAS analysis  [127] , and 100 < m χ± 1 < 900 GeV and 0. 067 < τ χ ± 1 < 333. 56 ns (20 < cτ χ± 1 < 100068 mm) for the CMS analysis  [128]. The white band in-between cτ ≈ 10 3 -10 4 mm corresponds to m χ± 1 -m χ0 1 ≈ m π ± : the chargino lifetime changes significantly when decays into pions become kinematically forbidden. To verify the HSCP results from SModelS and extend them to 36 fb -1 , we adapted the code for recasting the ATLAS analysis  [126]  written by A. Lessa and hosted at https://github. com/llprecasting/recastingCodes. This requires simulating hard processes of single/double chargino LLP production with two additional hard jets, which was performed at leading order with MadGraph5_aMC@NLO.
5 × 10 χ0 2 → χ0 1 γ (95%), χ0 1 π 0 (5%); Γ tot = 1. 2 × 10 -13 GeV (cτ ≈ 2 mm) 247 GeV χ0 1 , stable The SLHA files for these 10 points, which can be used as input for MadGraph, mi-crOMEGAs or SModelS are available via Zenodo  [135]. The main difference between the SLHA files for MadGraph5_aMC@NLO or micrOMEGAs is that the MadGraph5_aMC@NLO ones have complex mixing matrices, while the micrOMEGAs ones have real mixing matrices and thus neutralino masses can have negative sign. The SModelS input files consist of masses, decay tables and cross sections in SLHA format but don't include mixing matrices. The CalcHEP model files for micrOMEGAs are also provided at  [135]. The UFO model for MadGraph5_aMC@NLO is available at  [84] , and the SPheno code at  [96].
Acknowledgements We thank  Geneviève Belanger ,  Benjamin Fuks ,  Andre Lessa ,  Sasha Pukhov , and  Wolfgang Waltenberger  for helpful discussions related to the tools used in this study. Moreover, we thank  Pat Scott  for sharing a pre-release version of  ColliderBit Solo , and apologise for in the end not using it in this study. MDG would also like to thank his children for stimulating discussions during the lockdown. Funding information This work was supported in part by the  IN2P3  through the projects " Théorie -LHCiTools " (2019) and " Théorie -BSMGA " (2020). This work has also been done within the  Labex ILP  (reference  ANR-10-LABX-63 ) part of the Idex SUPER, and received financial state aid managed by the  Agence Nationale de la Recherche , as part of the  programme Investissements d'avenir  under the reference  ANR-11-IDEX-0004-02 , and the  Labex "Institut Lagrange de Paris " ( ANR-11-IDEX-0004-02 ,  ANR-10-LABX-63 ) which in particular funded the scholarship of  SLW.
SLW has also been supported by the  Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation ) under grant  396021762 -TRR 257. MDG acknowledges the support of the  Agence Nationale de Recherche  grant  ANR-15-CE31-0002  "HiggsAutomator. "HRG is funded by the  Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología ,  CONACyT , scholarship.
7. 0. 26 software tool  54. All sequences were checked manually, and nucleotides with ambiguous positions were clarified using both primer direction sequences. The sequences were deposited in GenBank (see accession numbers in Table  1 ). phylogenetic analyses. Consensus sequences were compared against NCBI's GenBank nucleotide databases by using the BLASTn algorithm. The most similar sequences were downloaded in FASTA format and aligned with our sequences by using the MAFFT v. 7 online portals  55. The resulting sequence alignments were manually checked and adjusted in MEGA v. 7. 0. 26 software tool  54. Bayesian inference (BI) analyses employing a Markov Chain Monte Carlo method were performed on all sequences. Nucleotide substitution models were determined using the MrModeltest 2. 3 program  56  and, once the likelihood scores had been calculated, the models were selected according to the Akaike information criterion (AIC).
The results of MrModeltest recommended a GTR + G model for ITS, and a dirichlet (1,1,1,1) state frequency distribution and a gamma distributed rate variation were set. The phylogenetic analysis was performed using the CIPRES web portal  57  and the MrBayes program v. 3. 1. 1  58. Two sets of four MCMC chains were run simultaneously, starting from random trees for 1,000,000 generations and sampling every 1,000th generation. The first 25% of the trees were discarded as the burn-in phase for each analysis. Posterior probabilities  59  were determined from the remaining trees and are presented on the left of each node. Maximum likelihood (ML) analysis was implemented using the RAxML-HPC v. 8 on XSEDE (8. 2. 12) available on the CIPRES web portal. Parameters for maximum likelihood were set to rapid bootstrapping and the analysis was carried out using 1000 replicates.
Estimates of percentage nucleotide divergence by the Kimura-2P distances for Tulasnella within and between species. There was a total of 272 positions in the final dataset. All positions containing gaps and missing data were eliminated. 1 = Tulasnella anaticula, 2 = T. danica, 3 = T. calospora, 4 = T. tubericola, 5 = T. bifrons, 6 = T. asymmetrica, 7 = T. pruinosa, 8 = T. albida, 9 = T. brigadeiroensis, 10 = Tulasnella sp. COAD 2885, 11 = T. hadrolaeliae, 12 = T. orchidis , 13 = T. irregulares, 14 = T. amonilioides, 15 = T. zygopetali, 16 = T. eichleriana, 17 = T. secunda, 18 = T. tomaculum, 19 = T. wacupii, 20 = T. prima, 21 = T. sphagneti, 22 = T. violea.
Acknowledgements This work was supported by the  Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq-PROTAX) ;  Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior -Brasil (CAPES) -Finance Code 001 ; and  Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG). The authors also acknowledge  Márcio Assis  for assisting in the collections, and the administration and scientific staff of the  Instituto Estadual de Floresta of the State of Minas Gerais, Serra do Brigadeiro State Park and Serra Negra State Park , for their provision of facilities and for permission to conduct exploratory surveys of mycodiversity in their protected areas.
Data availability All materials examined were deposited in the public culture collection of the Coleção Oswaldo Almeida Drummond (COAD), of the Universidade Federal de Viçosa. Alignments and tree files generated during the current study are available at TreeBASE (accession https://www. treebase. org/treebase-web/home. html; study 25158). All sequence files are available from the GenBank database. The complete list of accession numbers is included in Table  1. They will be made available to the public after the publication of the paper.
Exome sequencing Whole-exome sequencing of families R-V and Z was performed by Macrogen, Korea, as described in reference. 23 Briefly, target enrichment was performed with 2 µg genomic DNA using the SureSelectXT Human All Exon Kit version 6 (Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, California, USA) to generate barcoded whole-exome sequencing libraries. Libraries were sequenced on the HiSeqX platform (Illumina, San Diego, California, USA) with 50× coverage. Quality assessment of the sequence reads was performed by generating QC statistics with FastQC. 24 The filtering strategy included screening for only exonic and donor/ acceptor splicing variants. In accordance with the pedigree and phenotype, priority was given to variants rare or absent in public databases (1000 Genomes project, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Exome Variant Server, Complete Genomics 69 and Exome Aggregation Consortium V.
0. 2). Trio exome sequencing was performed in proband 37 (family W) and her parents using SeqCap EZ Medexome library preparation kit following manufacturer's recommendations (Roche, Indiana, Indianapolis, USA). Libraries were sequenced on a NextSeq500 (Illumina) at a mean depth coverage of 73× with 93. 3% of the target bases above 30×. Genomic alignment against the hg19/GRCh37 assembly and variant calling were, respectively, done with BWAMEM V. 0. 7. 12 and GATK Haplo-typeCaller V. 3. 4 (Broad Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA). Only highly confident variants were kept for analysis (total depth >9, alternative allele depth >4, no strand bias, mosaicism >10%). Rare variants were considered as having a frequency of <1% in GnomAD v2 dataset. Whole-exome sequencing of families X and Y was performed as described in Makrythanasis et al.
While atropine and carbachol respectively inhibit and activate the parasympathetic system atenolol and isoprenaline respectively block and promote the sympathetic response. At the end of the experiment, mice were sacrificed by CO 2 inhalation; the heart was digitally imaged both within its thoracic position and after excision. Heart weight was recorded and tibia length was measured to normalise the heart weight to body size. Images were taken by a Leica DCF295 digital colour camera with 3M pixels mounted on a MZ6 stereomiscroscope (Leica, Switzerland). The length of the tibia was measured using a precision calliper after removal from the left leg (without patella nor articular cartilage). Baseline ECG traces were analysed as follows: 10 min of recording were analysed using ECG-Auto software in shape recognition mode (EMKA Technology, France) every 30 min, during night and day phases.
Time-domain heart rate variation (HRV) analysis Twelve-hour segments of day/night phases were selected from the baseline recording period and analysed separately for the HRV analysis. Specifically, R wave detection was performed and R-R interval time series were obtained. To ensure inclusion of sinus beats only, values not included between R-R intervals±2 SD were excluded as reported in Thireau et al. 28  The analysed time-domain HRV parameters, computed using Kubios HRV Standard software V. 3. 2. 0, were: (1) mean R-R intervals (NN, in millisecond); (2) SD of all normal R-R intervals (SDNN, in millisecond); (3) square root of the mean square differences (RMSSD) between successive normal intervals (in millisecond); and (4) percentage of normal consecutive R-R intervals differing by >xms (pNNx, in %, in this study x=6 ms).
Transcriptome profiling, data processing and differential expression analysis A total of 72 RNA sequencing libraries were generated from two heart tissues, atria and ventricles, and three brain regions, cerebellum, hippocampus and cerebral cortex. Both the entire ventricles (left and right) or atria (left and right) were used for the sample processing; therefore, the atrial tissue represents a mixture of heart muscle cells, as well as sinoatrial and atrioventricular cells. The whole cerebellum, the hippocampi from each hemisphere of the brain and the whole cerebral cortex were dissected for RNA extraction. For this experiment, we created a cohort of adult (18 weeks) male mice including 6 Gnb5 -/-, 6 Gnb5 +/-and 6 Gnb5 +/+ animals. Brain transcriptome was only assessed in Gnb5 -/-and Gnb5 +/+ animals.
Quality of sequence was assessed by FastQC V. 0. 11. 4. 24 Purity-filtered reads were adapters-trimmed and quality-trimmed with Cutadapt V. 1. 8. 29 Reads matching to ribosomal RNA sequences were removed with fastq_screen V. 0. 11. 1. Remaining reads were further filtered for low complexity with reaper V. 15-065. 30 Reads were then aligned against Mus Musculus. GRCm38. 92 genome using STAR V. 2. 5. 3a. 31  The number of read counts per gene locus was summarised with htseq-count V. 0. 9. 1 32 using Mus Musculus. GRCm38. 92 gene annotations. Quality of the RNA-seq data alignment was assessed using RSeQC V. 2. 3. 7. 33 Reads were also aligned to the Mus Musculus. GRCm38. 92 transcriptome using STAR V. 2. 5. 3a,  31  and the estimation of the isoforms abundance was computed using RSEM V. 1. 2.
Functional genomics Gnb5 -/-and Gnb5 +/-± to wild-type specimens. Data analysis was performed with the R Bioconductor package DESeq2 V. 1. 14. 1. 35 ifferentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified at the Benjamini-Hochberg adjusted p<0. 05 level, using Wald test under design ~genotype. For gene set enrichment analysis, no direction criterion on fold change was applied. Enriched Gene Ontology (GO) categories were identified using the enrichment analysis package in R/Bioconductor, clusterProfiler,  36  considering only categories with at least 10 and maximum 500 annotated genes. Nominally significant enriched terms were retained for results interpretation.
Funding This work was supported by grants from the  Swiss National Science Foundation  ( 31003A_182632 ) and the  Jérôme Lejeune Foundation  to AR, the  MRC  ( MR/S01165X/1 ,  MR/S005021/1 ,  G0601943 ),  Rosetree Trust ,  Ataxia UK ,  MSA Trust ,  Brain Research UK ,  Sparks GOSH Charity, Muscular Dystrophy UK (MDUK)  and  Muscular Dystrophy Association (MDA USA ) to HH. The families (R-V and Z) were collected as part of the SYNaPS Study Group collaboration funded by The  Wellcome Trust and strategic award (Synaptopathies)  funding ( WT093205   MA  and  WT104033AIA ). Their assessment was conducted as part of the  Queen Square Genomics group at University College London , with support from the  National copyright.
Methods: We will search for evidence reviews across seven large, generic bibliographic databases, a database of environmental reviews, and five grey literature resources using a search string consisting of an insect substring, a biodiversity or population response substring, an evidence synthesis substring, and a conservation substring. The results will be deduplicated and then screened at title and abstract (concurrently) and full text levels against predefined inclusion criteria. We will initially perform consistency checking on a subset of records at each level to ensure the inclusion criteria are sufficiently clear and understood by multiple reviewers. We will extract a suite of descriptive meta-data from relevant reviews, including a description of the action and information on each review's focal taxa, biomes, and locations.
Objective of the review In this review we aim to identify, catalogue and describe evidence reviews that investigate actions and policies to conserve insect biodiversity. We aim to produce an interactive database of evidence reviews, which will provide (a) a bibliography of insect conservation reviews and a list of conservation actions, outcomes, biomes, and taxa therein, and (b) a resource for future quantitative and qualitative syntheses on the effectiveness of insect biodiversity conservation actions, as an important source of evidence for inclusion in rigorous systematic reviews. In the process of creating the database of existing reviews, we also aim to identify synthesis gaps and clusters, directing future synthesis effort to where it is most needed. The review sits within a broader project aiming to identify knowledge gaps related to insect conservation actions (https ://insec tcons ervat ion.
Bibliographic search string We will use the following search string in searches across titles, abstracts and keywords in each database. The string consists of four substrings: an insect group substring, a biodiversity or population response substring, an evidence synthesis substring, and a conservation action substring (Table  2 ). There exist syntheses of conservation actions and biodiversity responses that would benefit insects and other invertebrates, but that are not specifically focused on insects  [54]. This is a limitation of our search strategy, which is necessarily confined solely to insects due to the resources available for screening search results that cannot support a search as broad as all syntheses of conservation actions targeting any taxa.
Assessing the comprehensiveness of the search We have tested the comprehensiveness of the search string (Table  2 ) by assessing whether reviews of known relevance were returned by searches in five of the bibliographic databases we are searching (Academic Search Premier, BIOSIS Citation Index, CAB Abstracts, Scopus, and Zoological Record). For any reviews that were not retrieved by our search, we identified which concept category was not being matched and which relevant terms from the title, abstract, and keywords of missing reviews should be added to our search string. Of our benchmark list of 46 reviews (Additional file 2), 37 were retrieved after adding "conserv*", "habitat", "insect", and "insects" to the biodiversity and population response outcomes and "treatment*" to the conservation actions substring.
The remaining nine articles could not be retrieved by revising the search because they were not indexed in the databases used to test the search  [55, 56] , made no mention of insects or invertebrates in the title, abstract, or keywords  [57] [58] [59] [60] [61] , or had no indication of being a review in the title, abstract, or keywords  [62, 63]. Because these articles cannot be retrieved by revising the search string while maintaining our concept category substrings, we concluded that our bibliographic database search strategy is sufficient.
Grey literature We will target grey literature by searching across Google Scholar, DART-Europe E-theses, ProQuest Dissertations & Theses A&I, the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations Global ETD Search, and OpenThesis. We will use litsearchr  [63, 64]  to search NDLTD Global ETD Search and OpenThesis with the full search string and will use simplified searches (see Table  1 ) for thesis databases that do not have the capacity to support the full search string. We will not search for grey literature on individual organisational websites, due to resource constraints, but also because relevant literature reviews are highly unlikely to be found here and not elsewhere. Results will be downloaded and merged with bibliographic search results prior to deduplication where possible. Where results cannot be saved as a csv file, they will be downloaded using either Publish or Perish (www.
harzi ng. com), the Grey Literature Search Recorder app (https ://www. eshac katho n. org/softw are/grey-lit-repor ter. html), litsearchr  [63, 64] , or custom functions in R to scrape records into a. bib or. ris format where possible. Otherwise, they will be screened in place (i. e. online) and relevant records will be exported. All search strings for each database and grey literature source are provided in Additional file 3 along with documentation of changes that deviate from the primary search string due to database limitations or specifications.
Search language Searches will be performed in English only, since the databases we are using catalogue records with Englishlanguage titles, abstracts and keywords. We recognise that probably one-third of the literature on biodiversity and conservation is published in languages other than English  [65]  and that evidence published in English is likely a biased sample  [66] ; however, resources for translation are not available within the scope of this project. For any reviews published in languages other than English, we will make an effort to extract actions from English abstracts or article summaries and will catalogue them for future translation.
Supplementary searches In order to supplement our searches above, we will also search for relevant reviews within the large database of records collated through the EntoGEM project  [67]. This project has searched across a suite of bibliographic databases and other resources in order to identify studies and datasets documenting insect population and biodiversity trends globally. The EntoGEM project search string was more sensitive than our search string for insect taxa but more specific for population outcomes and study duration, resulting in approximately 143,000 unique records. Since the EntoGEM search covered a wider range of sources than directly considered for the current review, it is possible that it contains additional evidence syntheses. We will apply the evidence synthesis and conservation substrings listed above (see Bibliographic search string) to the EntoGEM search results to extract any potentially relevant syntheses.
Screening process All bibliographic database results will be uploaded to a public project on SysRev. com for screening, following deduplication. Screening will be undertaken at title and abstract level (concurrently) and then at full text level. Intercoder reliability in syntheses typically uses the kappa statistic  [68]  to assess levels of agreement and error rates in the data, but kappa assumes similar error rates for all screeners and does not account for the true classification. As an alternative to kappa, we will use false positive and false negative error rates to assess reliability. All coders will screen 619 studies in duplicate, which is the minimum number needed to assess if the calculated false negative error rate is below 0. 10 with a Type II error rate of 0. 80 and a Type I error rate of 0.
Data coding strategy Two reviewers will extract the data listed in Table  3  from a preliminary set of 10 full text articles, discussing all discrepancies in coding and extracted meta-data before a single reviewer goes on to extract data from the remaining syntheses. We will extract the following information from included syntheses. Where information is missing, we will attempt to contact the authors with a request for data. We will ensure that no reviewer extracts data from any article that they have authored.
Study mapping and presentation Meta-data extracted from relevant syntheses will be presented in an interactive, searchable database, accompanied by visualisations in the form of histograms, heat maps (cross tabulations of the number of studies across 2 categorical variables), and an evidence atlas (i. e. , a choropleth map showing the number of syntheses across different regions of the world). A review report will narratively summarise the literature, including an appraisal of the validity of the individual syntheses and the evidence base as a whole if resources allow. We will use the visualisations we produce to identify underrepresented actions, taxa, biomes and regions in the evidence base. We will list clear gaps (almost complete lack of reviews) where synthesis may be warranted. We will also highlight topics where syntheses exist of low validity (if critical appraisal is conducted) and where rigorous systematic review may be warranted.
01 to 2. 4 T. The IRM was measured after each step with a cryogenic magnetometer at the Ludwig Maximilians University (LMU; Munich, Germany). We "unmixed" the coercivity components using the MAX UnMix web-based software of  Maxbauer et al. (2016) , which allows interpolation of the IRM data by means of skewed generalized Gaussian (SGG) function  (Egli, 2003; Heslop, 2015). Then, the maximum unblocking temperature of the coercivity components was determined by stepwise thermal demagnetization of three orthogonal IRMs (TD-IRMs;  Lowrie, 1990)  up to 675°C, where the IRMs were imparted along the three mutually orthogonal sample axes with subsequent inducing fields of 2. 4, 0. 4, and 0. 12 T. Relative variations of coercivity components through the sections were assessed by means of the S ratio  (Bloemendal et al.
Summary and Conclusions Our integrated magneto-biostratigraphic study indicates that the pelagic-hemipelagic section at Sommet-Khian, Koumac, northern New Caledonia, extends from late early Eocene to latest middle Eocene (~51 to 10. 1029/2019GC008699 Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems 39 Ma) and may include the first local, onshore record of the MECO. The paleomagnetic data set appears to be affected by a strain-derived partial reorientation of the ChRM directions, resulting in a main inclination steeper than the reference values by 12. 1°or only 5. 4°depending on the data compilation used as reference  (Torsvik et al. , 2012; Veevers & Li, 1991). The presence of a reliable series of paleomagnetic polarity reversals integrated by calcareous microfossil biostratigraphy gives us confidence on our correlation with the time scale.