dataesr/scientific-paragraphs-categorization huggingface dataset:
These regions are located in catalytic cleft and make up the core of the A-domain. Regions with increased Comparison of PTx and gdPT X-ray crystal structures. a X-ray structures of gdPT (PDB: 6RO0). Subunit colors: S1 blue, S2 beige, S3 green, S4 aqua, and S5 purple. b Comparison between gdPT (blue) and PTx (green) (PDB: 1PRT). c Bottom view comparison of gdPT and PTx.
Acknowledgements The authors thank  Neil Blackburn ,  CMC Leader ,  R&D Product Portfolio Management at Sanofi Pasteur Ltd. , Toronto for his helpful discussions and insightful review of this work. This project was supported in part by the  Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC)  of  Canada Discovery through a Collaborative Research and Development (CRD)  ( 485321-15 ) program. Funding for this study was also provided by  Sanofi Pasteur ,  Canada  both directly and as a partner in the  NSERC-CRD  grant above.
2. 1 21 These regions are located in catalytic cleft and make up the core of the A-domain. Regions with increased Comparison of PTx and gdPT X-ray crystal structures. a X-ray structures of gdPT (PDB: 6RO0). Subunit colors: S1 blue, S2 beige, S3 green, S4 aqua, and S5 purple. b Comparison between gdPT (blue) and PTx (green) (PDB: 1PRT). c Bottom view comparison of gdPT and PTx.
Introduction Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) accounts for approximately 75% of renal cancer. Non-metastatic ccRCC is mainly treated by surgery. 1  Until recently, agents targeting the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) or VEGF-receptors (VEGFR) pathway were the mainstay of mccRCC treatment; among them, interferon-alpha combined with bevacizumab (anti-VEGF) or sunitinib (VEGFR inhibitor) were the first agents that improved the survival of mccRCC patients. Sunitinib, which inhibits angiogenesis and induces tumor cell apoptosis, has been the most widely prescribed agent worldwide. 2  Recently, several other treatment options demonstrated a better efficacy as compared to sunitinib. Indeed, immunotherapy has revolutionized the first-line treatment of mccRCC, with immune-oncology (IO) drug combinations (anti-PD-1 nivolumab and anti-CTLA-4 ipilimumab) in IMDC (International Metastatic RCC database Consortium) intermediate and poor-risk patients  3  or combination of VEGFR inhibitors and IO (axitinib associated to the anti-PD -1 pembrolizumab or anti-PD-L1 avelumab) in all IMDC risk groups.
Patients The population of the study included mccRCC patients from the prospective SUVEGIL (17 patients) and TORAVA (45 patients) trials and from a retrospective cohort (33 patients) from Pavia (Italy) and Rennes (France). See supplementary Methods. These studies were approved by the ethic committee at each participating center (Center Antoine Lacassagne (Nice, France) for patients included in SUVEGIL trial (NCT00943839), Center Léon Bérard (Lyon, France) for patients included in TORAVA trial (NCT00619268), Rennes (France) and Pavia (Italia) hospitals for other patients) and run in agreement with the International Conference on Harmonization of Good Clinical Practice Guideline. The study was performed in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki.
Funding This work was supported by the  Canceropole PACA , the  Fondation de France , the  Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer (Equipe Labellisée 2019) , The  National Institute of Cancer (INCA, SUNITRES) , the  National Agency for Research (ANR, TARMAC)  and the  FX Mora and Flavien Foundations. This study was conducted as part of the  Centre Scientifique de   Monaco Research Program , funded by the  Government of the Principality of Monaco.
m. Participants were not allowed to take any anti-allergic treatment (systemic or topical) apart from their usual one, which they continued without modification throughout the study (40 patients). The 3 patients who had no treatment before inclusion in the study were not allowed to take any medication. A spray bottle of PRDNS (15 mL) containing 4 EOs was provided to each patient. After 4-week administration, the patient brought back the bottle, which was weighed to assess compliance. All data are available at the study sites.
Statistical Analysis Stata software (StataCorp LLC, College Station, TX, USA) version 15 and R software version 3. 3 (the R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria) were used for data management and data analysis, respectively. Continuous variables were summarized with descriptive statistics (number, mean, SD, range, and median), and frequency counts and percentages within each category were provided for categorical data. Statistics were computed for patients with available (i. e. , non-missing) data. No imputation was performed. Comparison of patient characteristics before and after treatment was done using Student's t test for data in the case of continuous variable and the McNemar test for categorical variable. Differences between groups were considered statistically significant if p values were <0.
Background: Neuromuscular blocking agent (NMBA) has been proposed by medical guidelines for early severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) because of its survival benefits. However, new studies have provided evidence contradicting these results. Method: A search was performed of the Pubmed, Scopus, Clinicaltrials. gov, and Virtual Health Library databases for randomized controlled trials (RCT) evaluating 28-day mortality in ARDS patients treated with NMBA within 48 h. An English language restriction was applied. Relevant data were extracted and pooled into risk ratios (RR), mean differences (MD), and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) using random-effect model. Sensitivity and metaregression analysis were performed. Results: From 2675 studies, we included five RCTs in the analysis, for a total of 1461 patients with a mean PaO 2 / FIO 2 of 104 ± 35 mmHg.
This result was different from major studies published previously on the same topic  [9] [10] [11]. Therefore, the objective of this study was to provide a comprehensive meta-analysis of data from all randomized controlled trials on neuromuscular blocking agent use in ARDS patients. We clarify the effects of NMBA on patient survival, oxygenation, and adverse events to potentially guide decisions among medical professionals treating ARDS patients. ) were used. The study protocol followed the recommendations of the Preferred Reporting item for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) statement  [20]. A 2-level literature search was performed. A secondary search included manual scrutiny of the reference list of relevant articles received in the initial search after importing all searched studies from the databases into Endnote.
Full-text screening and data extraction Two reviewers extracted the data independently into a spreadsheet. The data sought included (1) study characteristics (title, authors, year of publication, study location, number of patients, age, important exclusion criteria); (2) baseline patients demographic and clinical characteristics (age, sex, baseline fractional inspiratory oxygen (FIO 2 ), PEEP, PaO 2 /FIO 2 ratio, tidal volume, causes of ARDS, sepsis scores); (3) mortality at 28 days, 90 days, ICU mortality, mechanical ventilation duration, ventilator-free days at day 28, days not in ICU at day 28; (4) adverse events (Medical Research Council scale, ICU weakness at day 28, barotrauma). Barotrauma was defined as either newly developed pneumothorax, pneumomediastinum, or subcutaneous emphysema.
Statistical analysis Statistical analyses were performed using the Review Manager 5. 3 software (Cochrane Collaborative Oxford, UK) and Comprehensive Meta-Analysis 2. 0 software. Individual study relative risks (RRs) and 95% CI were calculated for dichotomous outcomes and mean differences (MDs) with 95% CI were estimated for continuous outcomes. Summary estimates of RRs were determined using the DerSimonian and Laird random-effects models. The variability across studies not by chance was tested using the I 2 statistics and p > 0. 05 was considered not statistically significant. Inconsistency across the studies was classified as low if 25% < I 2 ≤ 50%, moderate if 50% < I 2 ≤ 75%, and high if I 2 > 75  [23]. Additional sensitivity analyses were performed to evaluate the effect of key assumptions on the overall results or the robustness of the overall results.
Discussion In our study, we performed a comprehensive analysis of the most current available data on the effects of neuromuscular blockers on outcomes in patients with ARDS. We reviewed all good-quality randomized controlled trials performed over the past 15 years. The main finding of our study was that neuromuscular blocker, specifically cisatracurium did not lead to a reduction in the mortality risk at 28 days and 90 days for ARDS patients. Additionally, there was no reduction of ventilator-free days or duration of mechanical ventilation. NMBA improved oxygenation but not until 48 h and was associated with lower barotrauma but did not increase the risk of ICU weakness. The mortality risk at 28 days and 90 days was not affected by prone positioning rate, baseline P/F ratio, or PEEP but was affected by the PEEP strategy and predicted mortality risk before randomization.
We used the following electronic databases: Pubmed (1970 to present), Scopus (1970 to present), Clinicaltrials. gov (1970 to present), and Virtual health library (1970 to present) to identify relevant articles in July 2019. Search terms: (((((((ARDS[Title/Abstract]) OR acute respiratory distress syndrome[Title/Abstract]) OR respiratory distress syndrome, adult[MeSH Terms]) OR adult respiratory distress syndrome[MeSH Terms]) OR acute respiratory distress syndrome[MeSH Terms]) OR respiratory failure[Title/Abstract])) AND ((((((cisatracurium[Title/Abstract]) OR Neuromuscular blockade[Title/ Abstract]) OR Neuromuscular blocking agent[Title/Abstract]) OR NMBA[Title/Abstract]) OR paraly*[Title/ Abstract]) OR Nimbex[Title/Abstract].
Their role was to collect socioeconomic and medical data from medical records and the results of follow-up tests. They used a standard protocol which did not include any identifying information (random codes were assigned for each woman at inclusion by the midwife coordinator). They also conducted interviews with the women. After further anonymisation (removal of the hospital code), each case was assessed by at least one expert from a panel comprising 14 senior clinicians (obstetricians, neonatologists and midwives). The purpose was to identify suboptimal factors and to determine whether the death might have been prevented by their modification. More details on the audit's methodology audit have been published elsewhere. 9 Questionnaire for bereaved women A multidisciplinary group with experience in bereavement care (sociologist-midwife (PS), sociologist, psychologist) developed the questionnaire in order to minimise any negative impact on the women of being interviewed about the death of their baby.
Analysis Data from the medical records, responses to closed questions from the maternal interviews and information about suboptimal factors from the external assessments were entered into a database and analysed quantitatively. For comparisons of categorical variables, we used χ 2 tests or Fisher's exact tests when cell sizes were below 5; means were compared with t tests. Free-text responses from the maternal interview and the midwives' written descriptions were extracted by one investigator (PS) using N'Vivo 10 (QSRInternational) for the analyses. We identified comments that were related to women's experiences of care which were used to illustrate how the interviews contribute to understanding the care process and its failures. The writings of the midwives were analysed thematically, according to the method of grounded theory.
DISCUSSION As part of an audit of perinatal deaths that took place in 2014 in a disadvantaged district in the Parisian region, the research team sought to include the bereaved mothers at the data collection stage. Seventy-five questionnaires in an interview format were conducted with women with characteristics similar to all women in the district who lost a child to stillbirth or neonatal death. These interviews provided important information about the women's prenatal care and were valuable to the experts assessing the cases. Our analysis of this experience revealed the importance of support protocols for both the bereaved mothers and the investigators. More than a third of the women were found to be in need of health or social services, according to the referral protocol. The experience of the midwifeinvestigators participating in the support group that met every 2 months illustrates the challenges for research teams supporting perinatal bereavement, medical teams in distress and their own emotional experiences.
Acknowledgements We would like to thank the personnel in the maternity and neonatal units in Seine-Saint-Denis and, most particularly the study contact points and department heads, who were deeply involved in this study. We express our gratitude to the women and families who agreed to an interview and who met with us. We also acknowledge the other members of our research team, especially  Micheline Garel , psychologist, the three research midwives,  Myriam Bonnin ,  Anne-Isabelle Tumelin  and  Barbara Révillon , and two anthropologists,  Raquel Rico-Berrocal  and  Erwan Le Meneur. We also thank the panel of experts and the members of the external scientific committee. We would like to thank all the participants in the Delphi and especially the parents' associations  Petite Emilie  and  SOS Prémas.
Introduction Buruli ulcer (BU), caused by Mycobacterium ulcerans, was only treated by surgery until 2004  [1]. The first medical treatment recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) was an eight-week daily treatment based on an association of two antibiotics, rifampin (RIF), an oral ansamycin, and streptomycin (STR), an injectable aminoglycoside  [1]. Currently a promising fully oral regimen combining RIF and clarithromycin (CLR), a macrolide compound  [2, 3] , is tested clinically on a large scale (NCT01659437, clinicaltrials. gov). The oral RIF-CLR combination was promoted to eliminate the toxic effects and injections of aminoglycosides, resulting in greater patient adherence and safety. Nevertheless, this combination is given daily for eight weeks. Shorter or intermittent treatment would facilitate adherence as well as supervision by healthcare workers.
Crohn's disease [CD] is an inflammatory bowel disease of unknown aetiology. During recent decades, significant technological advances led to development of -omic datasets allowing a detailed description of the disease. Unfortunately these have not, to date, resolved the question of the aetiology of CD. Thus, it may be necessary to [re]consider hypothesis-driven approaches to resolve the aetiology of CD. According to the cold chain hypothesis, the development of industrial and domestic refrigeration has led to frequent exposure of human populations to bacteria capable of growing in the cold. These bacteria, at low levels of exposure, particularly those of the genus Yersinia, are believed to be capable of inducing exacerbated inflammation of the intestine in genetically predisposed subjects.
Crohn's disease [CD] is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease [IBD] that affects several million people worldwide  1. It most often begins in young adults and lasts a lifetime. It requires long-term, often aggressive and costly medical and surgical management. It can therefore be considered as a public health problem. Although it is recognised that environmental and genetic factors are involved in the development of the disease, the aetiology of CD remains largely unknown. In recent decades, significant technological advances have led to development of -omic datasets which have made it possible to describe the disease in detail. Unfortunately they have not, so far, enabled us to resolve the issue of the aetiology of CD. Since hypothesisfree approaches are unconvincing, it may be necessary to [re]consider hypothesis-driven approaches to resolve the aetiology of CD.
We could not assess histological and genetical data about meningiomas in our patients due to surgical abstention. Increased incidence of meningiomas in patients treated with CPA is known  [14]. Further evidence was described by a recent CNAM (French health insurance administration)  [2]. This was a cohort study based on SNDS (French health database) data between 2007 and 2015 on 253,777 women with 139222 in the CPAexposed arm with cutoff of 3 g of CPA in 6 months. This study showed age and simultaneous estrogen treatment adjusted HR of 6. 6 [4. 0-11. 1]. The specific anatomic set of CPA induced lesions was observed, with meningiomas mostly distributed on the anterior or middle skull base or the convexity of the skull; on the contrary, the posterior skull base seems spared  [6]. In our case the anatomical set of meningiomas was different between sisters, which is unexpected as twins should develop them in similar anatomical positions, and both had the same exposure to CPA.
Methods This meta-analysis was based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) criteria  [36]  (Figure  1 ). Medline ® database was explored from its inception to March, 22th 2020 without language restriction. The research paradigm was: (depression OR schizophrenia) AND (gut microbiota). The references of each article were also checked. Medline is considered as the database of highest quality level. The associated articles were also explored. Scopus ® and ScienceDirect ® databases were explored with the same strategy (limited to research articles and research reviews and human studies). Two reviewers (GF and LB) decided on eligibility and extracted data from included studies. As this review involved data from published studies, an institutional review board approval was not required.
9% of total bacterial abundance co-varied systematically with the presence of psychological distress. Psychological variables significantly segregated gut microbial features, underscoring the role of brain-gut-microbiota interaction in IBS. A microbial signature corresponding with psychological distress was identified. Chao1 richness (U = 424, p = 0. 005), total observed species (U = 441, p = 0. 002) and phylogenetic diversity (U = 447. 5, p = 0. 001) were decreased in the depressed group. was no difference in Shannon diversity (U = 350, p = 0. 197). Significant differences in beta diversity between the healthy and depressed groups (Bray-Curtis (p = 0. 014), unweighted unifrac (p = 0. 002) and weighted unifrac (p = 0. 018) were unable to separate groups according to PCoA analysis). The difference of the global microbiota composition from the 16S rRNA data of the depressed and control groups was assessed by ordination.
This can require a combination of preoperative transarterial chemoembolisation and preoperative liver volume modulation using the portal vein with or without hepatic vein embolisation; and (ii) no CSPH (as evaluated using HPVG or indirect signs) is present. Clinical data, results of laboratory tests performed within 1 week before the HVPG measurement, and hemodynamic data were prospectively collected. Patients with a prior history of surgery, without a CT scan performed within 30 days before surgery, and those with portal vein thrombosis were not included. It is important to note that 48 patients included in the present study were part of a population included in a study previously published by our group. 10 alysis derived from CT images LSN quantification was performed on portal venous phase CT images using semiautomated CT software (LSN Software, version 0.
88; Liver Nodularity llc) by 2 abdominal radiologists (AS and RS) blinded to clinical data and HVPG results. Radiologists drew a region of interest of 1-2 cm in diameter across the margin of the left liver surface on portal venous phase CT images. The software automatically detected the liver edge compared with adipose tissue on the selected section and on up-and downward continuous sections by propagating the painted region of interest. The software automatically generated a smooth polynomial line to mimic the expected normal liver surface. The distance between the detected liver margin and the polynomial line was measured on a pixel-by-pixel basis, expressed in tenths of a millimetre. 1] [12]  The software calculated the arithmetical mean of the measurements. Fewer than 10 valid measurements were arbitrarily considered to be invalid measurements.
All tests were 2-sided and a p value <0. 05 was considered to be statistically significant. Statistical analyses and figures were performed by using the SPSS statistical package software (version 24. 0; SPSS Inc. , Chicago, Ill, USA), GraphPad Prism software (version 7; GraphPad Software, La Jolla, Ca, USA), and Tableau V10. 2. 0 (Tableau Software Inc, Seattle, WA, USA).
Most patients had chronic viral hepatitis infection (50 with hepatitis C virus [36%]; 30 with hepatitis B virus [21%]) or alcoholic cirrhosis (47 [34%]). The LSN score was reliable in 130/140 (93%) patients. LSN measurements were unsuccessful in 10 patients because of patient-related issues in 8 (insufficient adipose tissue to delineate the liver surface in 3 patients and HCC leading to left lobe capsular bulging in 5), or software-related issues (errors in reading the Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine header with the LSN software in 2 patients). LSN measurements took a mean 165 ± 55 s to perform. LSM was reliable in 132/140 patients (94%). Overall, 122/140 patients (87%) had reliable LSN and LSM measurements [91 men (75%), mean age 63 ± 10 years old], including 36 (30%) with CSPH, and constituted the perprotocol cohort.
Randomization procedures. Participants were randomized to a ratio of 1:1 through block randomization (block size 4, 6, 8). Eligible participants were randomly assigned to one of two self-testing groups (Fig. 1 ): DAH or UH by using a sealed randomization envelope sequentially. Because of the nature of intervention, study participants and study staff could not be blinded. However, study staff and participant were unaware of the assignment until the envelope is opened. Study procedures and data collection. The blood-based HIVST was done using the Exacto ® Test HIV (Biosynex, Strasbourg, France) self-test kit which included A3 format color printed pictorial simpli ed instructions for use in French, Lingala, and Swahili, as previously reported  [8]. After obtaining written informed consent and before randomization, participants were administered a baseline questionnaire that measured their demographic characteristics, sexual behaviour, and HIV testing history using self-administrated questionnaire, then they received adequate pre-test HIV counselling.
The satisfactions were assessed using arbitrary quantitative Likert scale based on four different scale ranging from 1 (most di cult), 2 (di cult), 3 (easy) to 4 (very easy). The mean and standard deviation for Likert scale data were calculated and compared between the two arms, using Student t test. In order to determine the effects of interventions (UH versus DAH) on primary and secondary outcomes, risk ratios from regression of Poisson were evaluated, using two-sided statistical tests with signi cance level set at P < 0. 05. Note that, participants who were not successfully followed up were not included in the analyses as it was not possible to determine the primary and secondary outcomes for them. All analyses were done with SPSS 20. 0 (SPSS Inc, Chicago, IL). Ethical statement. This study received ethical approval from the ethics committee of the Health Public School of Kinshasa's University.