dataesr/scientific-paragraphs-categorization huggingface dataset:
Communal Communal values often informed burial traditions and settlement planning. There is much more mortuary data for 'individual' burials in the Bronze Age in comparison with the Neolithic and Chalcolithic emphasis on dividuality in collective burial, leading to relative ease of binary classification. However, I propose that dividuality in the mortuary domain remained as important in the Bronze Age as in the Neolithic and Chalcolithic. While gender-based body placement became commoner at some formal Copper Age cemeteries in Hungary (Tiszapolgár-Basatanya), this did not occur at others (Hajdúböszörmény). At the start of burial at the Varna cemetery, it was important to code as masculine the core of the cemetery with the 'wealthiest' graves  (Chapman, 1991). Did the Varna ideological template set a pattern for future change? In settlement planning, gender relations were strongly dependent on community size.
relative autonomie des rapports d'hégémonie intellectuelle n'est pas pour autant le Figure 1. Évolution du nombre de traductions de SHS en français par langue (2003-2013) l'allemand entre 1985 et 2002, avec plus de 10 titres, les sociologues allemands Ulrich simple reflet des rapports de force entre les champs éditoriaux nationaux : dans leur Beck (5) et Axel Honneth (4), le sociologue américain Immanuel Wallerstein (5), Encadré 1. Sources et méthodologie L'analyse quantitative a requis la construction de bases de données de titres traduits. La base de référence se compose de 2 560 ouvrages de SHS et essais accompagnent la formation d'un champ global des sciences sociales (Heilbron 2013), le nom du ou de la traducteurice. Elles ont été vérifiées, recodées et complétées par Ce phénomène hégémonique semble l'emporter sur les logiques de régionalisation qui obtenues étaient : l'auteure, l'éditeur de la traduction, la date de parution, le lieu, détriment des autres langues, et ce dans toutes les disciplines.
extraite de la base de données bibliographique des libraires, Electre 4. Les variables accrues (Sapiro 2019). Le nombre d'ouvrages traduits de l'anglais a augmenté au traduits de l'anglais, de l'allemand et de l'italien en français entre 2003 et 2013, Les données qualitatives se composent d'une documentation et d'entretiens avec des éditeurices et des agentes, recueillis au cours de deux enquêtes antérieures (Sapiro 2012 ; 2014). La comparaison entre les trois langues permet d'interroger l'évolution du rapport d'hégémonie intellectuelle entre traditions nationales, mais aussi les rapports de force entre champs éditoriaux nationaux et entre intermédiaires interculturels. En fonction de leur position relative dans ces échanges, le transfert peut prendre des significations différentes : entre expression de l'hégémonie de la culture d'origine sur la culture d'accueil et reconnaissance de cette dernière par la première, les rapports entre cultures périphériques ou semi-centrales passant parfois par le centre (à l'instar du succès mondial de la French Theory à la suite de sa réception/construction étasunienne).
1. Une hégémonie accrue de l'anglais 14 Sur la base de données de 2 950 titres de SHS traduits en français à partir de onze langues entre 1985 et 2002, l'anglais totalisait 53 % des traductions, suivi de l'allemand (25 %), l'italien (11 %), l'espagnol (4 %), le russe (3 %) ; la part de toutes les autres langues (néerlandais, polonais, roumain, tchèque, suédois) était inférieure à 1,5 % (Sapiro & Popa 2008). Cette répartition signalait une relative autonomie du marché de la traduction de livres de SHS : l'allemand et l'italien y étaient surreprésentés par rapport à l'ensemble des traductions de ces langues, signe du capital symbolique associé à ces deux langues dans le domaine des SHS, tandis que l'anglais y était moins prépondérant (l'anglais concentrait près de deux tiers de l'ensemble des traductions en français pour la même période, l'allemand 10 %, l'italien 5 %, l'espagnol et le russe 3 % (Sapiro 2008).
2018). Cette Biens Symboliques / Symbolic Goods, 12 | 2023 10 Le présent article entend comparer les flux de traduction d'ouvrages de SHS en France à partir des trois langues les plus traduites dans ce domaine : l'anglais, l'allemand et l'italien, en proposant une cartographie des éditeurs investis dans cette exportation/ importation de part et d'autre. Il s'appuie, pour ce faire, sur une enquête quantitative et qualitative sur les traductions de livres de SHS de l'anglais, l'allemand et l'italien en français entre 2003 et 2013 3. Afin de mettre en lumière des tendances et évolutions sur le plus long terme, ces données ont été comparées à celles analysées pour la période 1985 et 2002 (Sapiro & Popa 2008). Les bases de données sont présentées dans l'encadré ci-dessous. d'autres : le sexe de l'auteure, la période de l'auteure (voir infra), la date de publication du texte original, l'éditeur dans la langue d'origine 5.
La frontière avec les essais non académiques (journalistiques, littéraires, politiques) étant poreuse, L'américanisation des sciences humaines et sociales françaises ? Une cartogra. Biens Symboliques / Symbolic Goods, 12 | 2023 on a maintenu Source : Base de données bibliographiques Electre recodée (Interco-SSH). 16 Les titres traduits incluent des ouvrages tombés dans le domaine public, des titres dont les droits ont été acquis auprès d'éditeurs étrangers, et des recueils inédits composés par l'éditeur français à partir d'articles ou de chapitres d'ouvrages (type d'ouvrage qui constitue une spécificité des livres de SHS en traduction). Nous les avons classés 9. Ce capital aurait pu se dévaluer avec le temps (évolution du canon) ; il aurait pu se transférer aux auteures contemporaines si les rapports d'hégémonie se maintenaient ; ou il pourrait, hypothèse qui s'est confirmée, se maintenir pour les auteures du passé sans se transférer aux contemporaines.
Ceci indique une transformation des rapports d'hégémonie contemporains sans remise en cause du canon, lequel est néanmoins soumis à des réévaluations partielles : c'est le cas notamment pour la philosophie américaine depuis les années 1990 (Sapiro & Popa 2008 ; Sapiro 2019), et pour quelques auteures du passé. L'américanisation des sciences humaines et sociales françaises ? Une cartogra. Biens Symboliques / Symbolic Goods, 12 | 2023 Tableau 1. Traductions de l'anglais, l'allemand et l'italien en français : classiques, modernes, contemporains (2003-2013) Source : Base de données bibliographiques Electre recodée et complétée (Interco-SSH). 18 e siècle décédées (contre 48,6 % de l'anglais et 8,5 % de l'italien). Cependant, ce capital symbolique ne se transfère pas automatiquement aux auteures allemandes contemporaines, dont les livres ne représentent que 10 % de cet ensemble, moins que les 14 % de titres d'auteures italiennes vivantes, les trois quarts provenant d'auteures anglophones.
Species selection To be included in our study, species had to meet the following three requirements: (1) vocal repertoire information had to be available for the species, (2) several goodquality recordings should be available, allowing us to take account of intraspecific variations in analyses, and (3) included in the phylogenetic tree of  Jetz et al. (2012)  and  Jetz et al. (2014). The second point is particularly important because, if the songs of a very large number of species are well known, the mobbing calls are far less so, leading to a restriction of the number of species available to study mobbing calls contrarily to songs (e. g. Pearse et al. 2018). Moreover, because we mostly used recordings of mobbing calls available from online databases (see below for more details) and that (i) these calls are very often classified as alarm calls, and (ii) mobbing calls can be a combination of alarm calls and recruitment calls  (Engesser et al.
Acoustic recordings and analysis For the 23 species, we collected high-quality (44. 1 and 48 kHz) mobbing calls and territorial songs from Macaulay Library (Cornell Lab of Ornithology, http:// macau layli brary. org) or the Xeno Canto online database (http:// www. xenocanto. org) (Fig. S1 ). Since some bird species have more than one song and/or mobbing call in their repertoire, we used "typical" songs or mobbing calls for the majority of species in our study (see, for instance,  Salis et al. 2021). Most of these mobbing calls have already been used in previous mobbing studies (e. g. for Americans species see Abolins-Abols et al. 2017; for European species see  Randler and Vollmer 2013). All song recordings have been obtained from the Xeno Canto database with search criteria specifying the type of vocalization as "song" (and also as "calls" for the Crested Tit (Lophophanes cristatus), because these two types of vocalizations are often confused in this species) and quality "A" (i.
Phylogenetic framework We based our analyses on the phylogenetic tree distributions from the BirdTree database  (Jetz et al. 2012 ; http:// birdt ree. org). For both 'Hackett' and 'Ericson' backbones, we sampled 100 trees (with 9993 or 6670 Operational Taxonomic Units, OTUs each), which were pruned to generate tree distributions for all species (except the Japanese Tit (Parus minor) not available in the database) in our dataset. Based on these distributions, we used TreeAnnotator version 2. 4. 7 to generate four maximum clade credibility (MCC) trees (i. e. one tree for each method), setting branch lengths equal to 'Common Ancestor' node heights. The four final composite trees were similar in topology, and finally we used the composite tree based on the Ericson 9993 method. Because the Great Tit was the nearest species to the Japanese Tit and there was hybridization between them  (Paeckert et al.
Statistical analysis We used bivariate phylogenetic mixed models embedded in a Bayesian framework and implemented in the MCMCglmm package  (Hadfield 2010)  to investigate how acoustic features diverge between both the two vocalization types while controlling for the species size and the phylogenetic relatedness among species. We also controlled for the effect of habitat to verify that there was no relationship between the acoustic features and habitat  (Mikula et al. 2021; Friis et al. 2021). It is important to note that the sample size of 23 species is mostly focused on temperate species, with smallish range in habitat (only two types of habitats: closed and semi-open habitat; see Online Appendix 6 for the habitat classification). More specifically, the same acoustic features measured for both the two vocalization types were introduced as two dependent variables in the same model, and both the species habitat and the species size were introduced as explanatory terms.
Given the moderate sample size of our dataset (i. e. 23 species) and the reduced expected phylogenetic variance or species-specific one in regards of the residual one (especially in the case of mobbing calls), we selected two sets of inverse Wishart priors, one weakly informative (i. e. nu = 2, V = 0. 02) and the other more informative (i. e. nu = 2, V = 0. 33). Sensitivity of the results to the priors was controlled using Gelman and Rubin's convergence diagnostic  (Gelman and Rubin 1992)  based on the calculation of the potential scale reduction factor (hereafter referred as psrf) between Markov chains simulated under both priors. The estimates of the explanatory terms (i. e. intercept for each vocalization type, habitat effect, species size effect) were found to be insensitive to the prior (i.
7 and 1), the mobbing calls of Paridae are not much more complex than their songs, which are composed of flat tonal notes (the mean value of the note richness for songs and mobbing calls: 1. 9 and 2). This suggests that non-Paridae species have more complex song, but Paridae calls and songs are similar in note richness. Recently,  Friis et al. (2021) , which compared acoustic features between songs and nonalarm-related calls across a larger dataset (> 500 species), reported a similar phylogenetic signal for song duration ( = 0. 45) suggesting a labile evolution for this acoustic feature in songs. However, our results also reveal that both the phylogenetic signal and the species specificity of duration and note richness are also lower within mobbing calls than within songs. It seems, therefore, that duration and complexity of mobbing calls exhibit a higher evolutionary lability than songs, which is in contrast to recent findings concerning the comparison of songs and contact calls  (Friis et al.
Conclusion In summary, our work suggests that divergence of acoustic features varies according to their function (mobbing calls vs. territorial songs) in the 23 passerine species studied. We found that phylogeny explained acoustic variation in only one of the variables measured; note richness. Since our dataset was restricted to nine oscine families, the relative effect of shared ancestry for characters involved in sound production or modulation, such as syrinx morphology or beak shape  (Derryberry et al. 2018) , is likely reduced. Moreover, most of the studies also reported an important effect of body size on several of the acoustic features  (Wallschäger 1980; Ryan and Brenowitz 1985; Billings 2018; Derryberry et al. 2018). Our results indicate that species size influences spectral features.
Acknowledgements We thank  Robert Magrath  and  David Wheatcroft  for providing Noisy Miner and Wren mobbing calls data. We are grateful to all contributors and to the administrators of the Macaulay Library (https:// www. macau layli brary. org/) and the Xeno Canto online database (https:// www. xeno-canto. org/). This work was supported by  French Ministry of Research and Higher Education funding  (to M. D. PhD grants  2015-2018 ). We are grateful to  Sarah Walsh  for English language checking. We also thank the Subject Editor,  Tomasz Osiejuk , and the anonymous reviewers whose constructive comments improved the manuscript. This study complies with the current laws in France. Funding Open Access funding enabled and organized by  CAUL  and its  Member Institutions. This work was supported by  French Ministry of Research and Higher Education funding  (to M.
Sedimentological proxies of wind dynamics (U ratio) and pedogenesis (finest clay) of the lower section attest to comparable and largely synchronous patterns of northern hemispheric climatic changes supporting the overall synchronicity of climatic changes in and around the North Atlantic region. The anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) reveals a clear correlation between finer grain size and increasing AMS foliation within interstadials, possibly owing to continuous accumulation of dust during pedogenic phases. Such a clear negative correlation has so far not been described for any LPS on stadial-interstadial scales. Distinct shifts in several proxy data supported by changes in isotope composition ( 87 Sr/ 86 Sr and εNd) within the lower section are interpreted as changes in provenance and decreasing weathering simultaneously with an overall cooling and aridification towards the end of OIS 3 (after ∼ 35 ka) and enhanced wind activity with significant input of coarse-grained material recycled from local sources related to increased landscape instability (after ∼ 31.
, 2021 , for further details). The ages were published by  Prud'homme et al. (2022)  based on radiocarbon dating applied to 22 ECG samples, and the calibration was based on IntCal20  (Reimer et al. , 2020). The Greenland events are shown according to the INTIMATE event stratigraphy  (Rasmussen et al. , 2014). The radiocarbon ages have been integrated into Bayesian age modelling  (Prud'homme et al. , 2022)  using the Bacon software  (Blaauw and Christeny, 2011). The age model is integrated into Fig. 6   integrating the element concentrations of Sr and Nd in the context of mixing equations (cf. Faure and Mensing, 2005) , we applied XRF measurements to the same samples used for isotopic measurements (see Sect. 3. 4).
1 cm vertical spacing of their centres  (Zeeden et al. , 2015; Zeeden and Hambach, 2021). The volume MS was measured using a susceptibility bridge (VFSM; Magnon, Germany) at AC fields of 300 A m -1 at 300 and 3000 Hz, respectively. Subsequently, the resulting values were mass normalized and given as mass-specific MS (χ) (cf. Buggle et al. , 2014; Zeeden et al. , 2018). Every second sample (∼ 4. 2 cm stratigraphic resolution) was subject to AMS measurements using a MFK1-FA kappabridge (AGICO) in a 400 A m -1 and 976 Hz alternating field and a rotator. We visualized the results of AMS measurements as a magnetic susceptibility ellipsoid with three orthogonal principal axes: the maximum axis (K MAX ), the intermediate axis (K INT ), and the minimal axis (K MIN ) by using the Anisoft v. 5. 0. 18 software supplied by AGICO.
To account for this, we also integrated the stratigraphic information as described by  Fischer et al. (2021). Based on their litho-and pedostratigraphic model, the erosional phase causing the hiatus in section RP1 must have taken place with or shortly after the deposition of the Eltville tephra. This tephra, whose average age is around 24. 3 ka  (Zens et al. , 2017; Förster et al. , 2020) , is an important stratigraphic marker found in many western European LPSs (e. g. Meijs et al. , 1983). We then re-calculated the age model with 2 cm intervals using the Bacon software  (Blaauw and Christeny, 2011)  and the Int-Cal20 calibration curve  (Reimer et al. , 2020). For the profile section from 260 cm (base of SU 13 = unconformity) to 222 cm below surface (position of the first radiocarbon sample above the unconformity), we assume a continuous age decrease with depth, ranging from 24 300 to 23 945 cal BP.
Magnetic fabric Overall, the preferential direction of the lineation of all samples that passed the assessment protocol (see Fig. 4 , Sect. S1) is SSW to NNE (Fig. 5 ). This is also true for datasets comprising all samples (Figs. S1, 2 ). All stereoplots show a horizontal plain defined by K MAX , K INT , and K MIN plotting perpendicular to this plain and close to the vertical axis. It should be noted that the principal axes of the AMS ellipsoids and the resulting lineations are linears and not vectors, as they do not indicate a distinct direction but only an alignment. For example, an NE-pointing trend in the rose diagrams is equivalent to a SW trend and vice versa, as the diagram is to be read point-symmetrically. In the rose diagrams of lineation and stereoplots, the loess units indicate clear populations (∼ 15 to ∼ 45 • and ∼ 195 to ∼ 225 • ) aligned ∼ NE-SW.
Conclusions We present an integrative approach that systematically combines physical and geochemical proxies, enabling a synthetic interpretation of LPS formation in western central Europe. We focus on the Schwalbenberg RP1 LPS that is exposed north-west of the confluence of the Ahr and Rhine rivers in the centre of the Rhenish Massif. We integrate our data into a robust and reliable age model that has been established based on high-resolution dating of ECGs. We show that Schwalbenberg RP1 is subdivided into a lower section and an upper section that are separated by a major stratigraphic unconformity. Whereas the lower section corresponds to late OIS 3 (∼ 39 200-30 800 cal BP; end of GS 9 until GS 5. 2), the upper section dates into the LGM (∼ 24 300-21 900 cal BP; end of GS 3 until GS 2. 1).
-The proxies within the upper section pinpoint environmental conditions that were significantly different from those in the lower section, which were most likely dominated by more local to regional signals and high sedimentation rates. -AMS-based reconstructions of near-surface wind trends may indicate the influence of north-easterly winds beside the overall dominance of westerlies and embedded cyclones, causing high dust accumulation rates. Overall, by integrating our approach in the study of LPSs over a broader geographic area, we see the opportunity for a more comprehensive understanding of LPS formation including changes in dust composition and associated circulation patterns during Quaternary climate changes. Data availability. All raw data are available in the tables of the Supplement with this publication.
Acknowledgements. This articles contributes to the  TerraClime project  (project number  337232800 ) funded by the  German Research Foundation (DFG). We greatly appreciate the extensive fieldwork conducted by the whole  TerraClime Team  and associates, namely  Kristina Reetz  ( JGU Mainz ),  Alexandra Nimmrichter  ( JGU Mainz ), and  Aileen Klinger  ( JGU Mainz ). We would like to thank the two reviewers for constructive comments that helped to significantly improve the manuscript. Financial support. This research has been supported by the  Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft  (grant no. 337232800 ). This open-access publication was funded by  Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz. Review statement. This paper was edited by  Hans von Suchodoletz  and reviewed by two anonymous referees.
Danksagung Diese Studie wurde vom EPSRC über ein DTA-Stipendium an M. G. A. (EP/R51312X/1) und einen Capital Investment Grant an M. F. K. (EP/S017925/1) gefördert sowie durch Universities Wales über den Global Wales International Research Mobility Fund (UNIW/RMF-SU/07) und durch HEFCW im Rahmen des Research Wales Innovation Fund Collaboration Booster (an M. F. K. ). Wir danken Swansea University für Berufungsmittel an M. F. K. und Förderung über den Swansea-Grenoble Collaboration Fund. Diese Arbeit wurde außerdem durch die Agence Nationale de la Recherche über das LabEx ARCANE Programm (ANR-11-LABX-0003-01), die Graduiertenschule für Chemie, Biologie und Gesundheit der Université Grenoble Alpes CBH-EUR-GS (ANR-17-EURE-0003) und durch das CFR Doktorandenprogramm CEA (an T. P. ) gefördert. Wir danken Dr.
Among the first to invest in the technology was the CAD software company Autodesk which spearheaded the effort of developing affordable VR systems for the masses. In a seminal 1988 memo that cited both science and fiction, its co-founder and president urged the company to take a leading role in the development of 'cyberspace' (i. e. VR), which he discussed as a step beyond user interfaces and into illusionistic 3D interactive experiences. The memo was titled "Through the Looking Glass"alluding to Sutherland's reference to the world of Alice -and concluded with: "Cyberspace. Reality isn't enough any more". 45  The same year Autodesk established Project Cyberia to pursue that vision. Although most of its members left by the end of 1989, in this short period the team broke new ground producing a working prototype and applications that proved affordable VR was indeed possible.
Siehe etwa Schöne neue Welten. Virtuelle Realitäten in der zeitgenössischen Kunst im Zeppelin Museum Friedrichshafen (2017/18) und Mixed Realities. Virtuelle und reale Welten in der Kunst im Kunstmuseum Stuttgart (2018). Das Kuratorinnenkollektiv Peer to Space realisiert an unterschiedlichen Orten VR-Projekte, die Onlineplattform Radiance fungiert als Database. Das Künstlerkollektiv THIS IS FAKE realisiert eigene und kuratierte Ausstellungen zu Kunst mit AR-/VR-Techniken. Zum Beitrag von Clemens Schöll von THIS IS FAKE und Ortrun Bargholz siehe S. 201-225 in diesem Band. 10 Lauren Moffatt, Image Technology Echoes, 2020/21, VR-und Mixed-Media-Installation, Maße variabel. Die Arbeit wurde mit dem 2021 erstmals verliehenen VR Kunstpreis der DKB (Deutsche Kreditbank) in Kooperation mit CAA (Contemporary Arts Alliance) Berlin ausgezeichnet, zu dessen Anlass die Ausstellung Resonanz der Realitäten im Berliner Haus am Lützowplatz realisiert wurde; es erschien ein Katalog.