dataesr/scientific-paragraphs-categorization huggingface dataset:
| Statistical analysis All the data included in the database have been analysed with a professional statistic package (R project, ver. 3. 6. 1, GLP). For categorical variables, frequencies and their percentages were used. For continuous variables median (range) or interquartile range (IQR) and the mean ± standard deviation (SD) was used, depending on the normal distribution. Patients were grouped (less than 7 days, between 7 and14 days and more than 14 days) according to inter-stage interval. Intergroup differences in continuous variables were assessed for significance using Kruskal-Wallis H-test and in categorical data using the Pearson's Chi-Squared test. A mixed model, with random intercept, was used to examine change over time in FLR between the first and second surgical operations, and whether the changes were different within the groups of patient characteristics.
rived from the International ALPPS Registry. The Registry prospectively collects data on ALPPS cases since 2011 and is coordinated by the Department of Surgery, University of Zurich, Switzerland. Approval to enter patients into the international ALPPS Registry was obtained by the Cantonal Ethics Committee of Zurich (KEK 2013-0326; Clini calTr ials. gov (NCT01924741). Data extraction for analysis was permitted by the Scientific Committee of the registry and current data set was exported in October 2018. The study was performed in accordance with the recommendations of the Declaration of Helsinki.
The experimental battery records are utilized to find the extracted parameters. The MOG seeks to minimize the aggregate of the root mean square difference between the expected and actual state of charge and battery voltage. MOG = α 1 G 1 (U) + α 2 G 2 (U) (8) where α 1 and α 2 are the weight coefficients which are set to combine the following objectives: G 1 (U) = N exp ∑ j=1 (SOC exp -SOC est ) 2 N exp (9) G 2 (U) = N exp ∑ j=1 (V b,exp -V b,est ) 2 N exp  (10)  where SOC exp andSOC est are, respectively, the experimental and estimated state of charges. V b, exp andV b,est are, respectively, the experimental and estimated battery voltages, whereas the experimental data number is defined by N exp. Furthermore, the parameters of the BESS are kept within their acceptable limits as follows: R o, Lower ≤ R o ≤ R o,upper (11) R j, Lower ≤ R j ≤ R j,upper j= 1 & 2 (12) C j, Lower ≤ C j ≤ C j,upper j= 1 & 2 (13) Q b, Lower ≤ Q b ≤ Q b,upper (14) w j, Lower ≤ w j ≤ w j,upper j= 0, 1, 2,.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Financial disclosure: The study did not receive a financial support. Conflict of interest statement: P. C. has received honoraria from  Pfizer. The other authors declare no conflict of interest, except Pr Authorship statement: P. C. designed, performed, and coordinated the research. P. C. and M. J. performed statistical analyses, analyzed and interpreted the data, and wrote the manuscript. A. L. B. , M. C. B. , P. P. , A. G. , M. R. , B. M. I. , S. L. G. , P. J. , B. M. , V. D. , N. B. , A. L. , C. T. , T. G. , B. T. , S. V. , M. C. B. , and T. G. contributed data and commented on the manuscript.
Data Collection All eligible adults were invited to complete the online survey between April 7, 2020 and May 26, 2020. Respondents of the baseline survey were recontacted to complete a follow-up survey 4 to 6 weeks later (May 5, 2020-June 26, 2020). The follow-up period was selected to validate the reliability of the PRO questionnaires and confirm the stability of the results. The surveys collected self-reported demographic, geographic, clinical, and treatment-related information, as well as 2 validated HIVspecific PRO instruments: the HIV Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire status version (HIVTSQs) and the HIV Symptom Distress Module (HIV-SDM). The HIVTSQs is a 10-item validated questionnaire specifically developed to measure treatment satisfaction among patients with HIV. 13  The 10 items are summarized in 2 distinct subscales: general satisfaction/clinical (current treatment, control, side effects, recommendation to others, continue) and lifestyle/ease (demands, convenience, flexibility, understanding, lifestyle).
Acknowledgments The authors would like to acknowledge  Wing Chow  (former employee of  Janssen Scientific Affairs, LLC ) for her contributions to the analysis of the results reported here. Medical writing assistance was provided by  Florence Boulmé on behalf of ELSECARE, Inc. Editorial assistance was provided by  Kurt Kunz, MD, MPH , and  Caryn Gordon, PharmD  ( Cello Health Communications/MedErgy ), and was funded by  Janssen Scientific Affairs, LLC.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We thank  Linda Northrup  for editorial assistance. Assistance was also provided by  Dr. Marie-Odile Barbaza  ( Auxesia ) for the study conceptualization and methodology. This study was supported by  Roche Diagnostics France. The funding organization played no role in the study design, analysis, and interpretation of data; in the writing of the report; or in the decision to submit the report for publication. COBAS and ELECSYS are trademarks of  Roche. All other product names and trademarks are the property of their respective owners.
Funding This research was supported by  Agence Nationale de la Recherche  ( Project - ANR-17-CE01-0003 ),  Aerospace Valley ,  Mètèo-France  and  Règion Occitanie. P2OA  facilities and staff are funded and supported by the  University Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France , and  CNRS  ( Centre National de la Rechercher Scientifique ).
METHODS All patients provided informed consent for data registration, according to the Declaration of Helsinki. This study was approved by the Chronic Malignancies Working Party of EBMT. Data were retrieved from the EBMT registry for sibling and mismatched family donor transplants performed between 2014 and 2017. Within the mismatched family donor transplants all patients received post-transplant cyclophosphamide as GVHD prophylaxis. Patients were included if the family donor was ≥2 Ag mismatch and at least Haplotype (3/6) matched. Neutrophil engraftment was defined as the time at which the absolute neutrophil count was >0. 5 × 10 9 /L for three consecutive days and platelet engraftment as a platelet count >20 × 10 9 /L for seven consecutive days without transfusion support. Primary graft failure (PGF) was defined as failing to reach neutrophil >0.
We found lower relapse rates among untreated patients as compared to patients who received treatment (irrespective of response and disease status-blast count), and this might be due to inability of treatment such as azacytidine to eliminate founder precursor clones, and emergence/selection of resistant clones while on treatment  [29] [30] [31] [32]. In the current data set, the NRM was significantly higher with HD versus MSD, although there has been a substantial fall in rates of NRM (30%) as compared to previous CMWP EBMT-reports (36-40%). Within the HD cohort graft rejection rates were high at 10% which may significantly contribute to the increased early NRM due to infection, in the first 6 months. NRM was independently predicted by refractory disease, CMV seropositivity of patient and donor recipient sex mismatch (male to female) but did not depend on recipient age.
Recent advances in geochemical techniques mean that several robust proxies now exist to determine the past carbonate chemistry of the oceans. Foraminiferal δ 11 B and alkenone carbon isotopes allow us to reconstruct sea-surface pH and pCO 2 , respectively, and the ability to apply both proxies to the same sediment sample would give strongly paired datasets and reduce sample waste. However, no studies to date have examined whether the solvents and extraction techniques used to prepare alkenones for analysis also impact the geochemistry of foraminifera within those sediments. Here we examine six species pairs of planktic foraminifera, with half being taken from non-treated sediments and half being taken from sediments where alkenones have been extracted. We look for visual signs of contrasting preservation and compare analyses of δ 18 O, δ 13 C, δ 11 B and trace elements (Li, B, Na, Mn, Mg, Sr and U/Ca).
5 % in Li/Ca between treatments for T. trilobus which is unlikely to be due to sample size (pre-ASE n = 88, ASE n = 108). However, across the dataset as a whole there is no consistent difference in Li/Ca between treatments. B/Ca ratios were within analytical error for both treatments (Fig. 4b ). In some cases, small deviations (<5. 9 %) in B/Ca ratios were observed between untreated and ASE-treated samples, but there was no systematic trend of higher or lower B/Ca with ASE treatment. Na/Ca ratios were all within uncertainty, with most pairs exhibiting <1. 2 % variability; G. miotumida showed a slightly greater difference with 3. 7 % difference between the treatments (Fig. 4c ). Mg/Ca ratios were consistent for samples consisting of a large number of individual foraminifera, which averages out interspecimen variability.
Acknowledgements. We thank  Molly Trudgill  for helpful discussions and four anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments. We acknowledge the support of the  EPSRC Light Element Analysis Facility  Grant  EP/T019298/1  and the  EPSRC Strategic Equipment Resource  Grant  EP/R023751/1 , which supported SEM analyses at the  University of St Andrews. Financial support. This research has been supported by the  Swiss National Science Foundation  (Award  200021_182070  to  Heather M. Stoll ) and ETH core funding. James W. B. Rae  received funding from the  European Research Council  under the European Union's  Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme  (grant agreement  805246 ). Review statement. This paper was edited by  Marcel van der Meer  and reviewed by four anonymous referees.
Acknowledgements The authors would like to thank the caregivers who, despite their increased workload during the Covid-19 crisis, dedicated their precious time to the study. They would also like to thank the patients who continue to meet the challenge of isolation during the Covid-19 crisis and provided feedback about their experience during it. The rst author was supported by the  LABEX (excellence laboratory, program  investment for the future)  DISTALZ (Development of Innovative Strategies  for a Transdisciplinary Approach to Alzheimer Disease) and the  EU   CASCADE Interreg 2 Seas Programme 2014-2020  (co-funded by the  European Regional Development Fund).
Delta lactate was estimated by the following equation: ((initial blood lactate-final blood lactate) / prehospital duration) (mmol. l -. minutes -  ). Delta lactate was encoded as a categorial variable (0 for negative delta lactate or 1 for positive delta lactate). The in-hospital length of stay (LOS) and the 28-day mortality were retrieved from medical reports in case of death in hospital or by phone call when the patient was discharged from the hospital. The Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score  [29]  and the Simplified Acute Physiology Score (SAPS 2)  [30]  were calculated 24 h after ICU admission. In order to minimize the bias in data abstraction  [31] , data collection was performed by a single investigator (RJ) using a standardized abstraction template.
To bypass biomarkers' limits, clinical signs have been proposed. On the one hand, capillary refill time and skin mottling score are associated with 28-day mortality  [12]. SI, a simple clinical objective  [51]  tool, has an higher ability than hemodynamic physical signs (heart rate and blood pressure) for septic shock severity assessment  [10]  and is usable for early triage  [13, 52]. To the best of our knowledges, this is the first study reporting a dynamic analysis of the SI in the prehospital stage of septic shock patients cared for by a mICU. Nevertheless, the current study suffers from several limitations restricting the conclusions generalization. We cannot rule out a bias from misclassification of covariates, because data were collected from prehospital and in-hospital medical reports.
Patients suffering from heart failure (HF) symptoms and a normal left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF 50%) present very different clinical phenotypes that could influence their survival. This study aims to identify phenotypes of this type of HF by using the medical information database from Rennes University Hospital Center. We present a preliminary work, where we explore the use of clinical variables from health electronic records (HER) in addition to echocardiography to identify several phenotypes of patients suffering from heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. The proposed methodology identifies 4 clusters with various characteristics (both clinical and echocardiographic) that are linked to survival (death, surgery, hospitalization). In the future, this work could be deployed as a tool for the physician to assess risks and contribute to support better care for patients.
As a first step, we performed Principal Component Analysis (PCA) following by a spectral clustering to the 10 first coordinates of the PCA. The follow-up information about the vital status of the patients was obtain from both data available from the data warehouse and from the National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies. We matched firstname, surname, date of birth and town of birth when it was available. We collected stays into cardiology department from the data warehouse and CIM-10 codes were used to extract the surgery information. We conducted a survival analysis on death, surgery, and the admission to the cardiology department. The final aim is to classify new patients, then we used supervised machine learning algorithms to predict the phenogroup that are defined by the clustering algorithm.
Discussion The clinical variable extraction from health records is not perfect because of automatic extraction, and some variables are of poor quality or missing for a non-negligible number of patients. Even if, the cardiologists help us to perform quality control of data, we can improve this part by using NLP techniques. Imputation of missing values was done using KNN-algorithm. Our algorithm could be tested with the dataset imputed by the mean of the median of the variables for examples. Then, we could determine which imputation method gives the better results. The final step could be to build a score to predict the phenotype of patients or even survival (death, hospitalization, surgery).
Endpoints The primary endpoint was the etiologies' frequency of ILD with an immune alveolitis pro le on BAL. The nal etiological diagnosis was collected in the electronic medical record until July 2019. Indeed, some etiologies were established several months after initial investigations. Some of these diagnoses may have been retained after multidisciplinary discussion or after a lung biopsy. For the uncertain diagnoses, all medical records were reviewed by an adjudication committee composed of a pulmonologist and a senior pathologist. The diagnosis of viral pneumonia was retained even in the absence of microbiological documentation when the clinical context, paraclinical data and clinical evolution were consistent with this diagnosis. In patients with intermediate fungal loads, PCP diagnosis was retained when the serum β-D glucans were either positive or after multidisciplinary discussion when unavailable.
All universities nowadays have their own Learning Management Systems (LMS), such as Moodle, Claroline, Canvas, Blackboard, Sakai, Google classroom, Open edX, Opale or home made brews. Like large software suites such as Google Suite, LibreOffice or Microsoft Office, they all have their own tools that can be used to assess or collaborate, but varying your tools may be beneficial to some aspects. Distance learning is based on some tele-conference tool (sometimes embedded in the LMS) such as Microsoft Teams, Google Meet, Zoom, Cisco WebEx, StarLeaf, Adobe Connect, GoToMeeting, ClickMeeting with a special mention to the open-source BigBlueButton and Jitsi Meet (BBB is advised by French ministry). The assessments we are dealing with here, in Active Learning strategies, are mainly of the formative kind, in order to gauge the mastery of a content, it can be autonomous as auto-assessment, with peers, competitive or not, or under tutor's supervision, where fun plays an important motivation role.
QCM-Cam is an alternative that can be used o ine  [142]. VotAR is based on anonymous colour codes  [148]. Auto-Multiple-Choice (amc) produces MCQ in PDF that can be printed or annotated digitally, then scanned back and optically recognized in order to grade students  [114]. Kahoot: might be the best known quizz app where a QR-code or an easy short link is provided on the screen for the students to be able to answer the question  [127]. It requires students to have their own device. There are many variants, while Kahoot builds on the competitive feeling, Socrative has break-out rooms  [77, 146] , Mentimeter embeds into slides presentations and has L A T E X support  [129] , Slido is simpler but integrates with Google slides and Videoconferencing  [145] , iSpring is a PowerPoint tool  [126] , Poll Everywhere integrates with PowerPoint, Keynote or Google slides  [140] , Quizizz  [143] , DocEval (with DGS answers!)  [118]  and nearpod  [135]  allow for asynchronous assignment, Wooclap can be answered by simple texting (SMS)  [149].
[78, 79]  WIMS: is a very powerful exerciser, based on computer algebra system verification of answers to sophisticate randomly generated exercises  [80]. GeoGebra: is the Swiss-army knife of interactive mathematics that allows to easily illustrate interactively most basic mathematical problems. These items can be embedded or assigned in many different e-Learning platforms. Now with Geogebra Classroom, students works can be easily browsed and surveyed, whether synchronously or asynchronously  [81]. Miro: Collaborative online whiteboard with mindmapping, video-chat, integration with many services such as file sharing, team management, bug tracking. A very complete collaborative tool  [133]. Some other collaborative whiteboard software comprise OpenBoard which is multiplatform and can overlay on your desktop  [136] , Google JamBoard which is multi page  [124] , Ziteboard has text, audio and video chat  [150] , Mural which is more centered on team work  [82, 134].
Coggle: A collaborative online Mind mapping tool  [117] , such as MindMup  [132] , GroupMap  [125] , Mind-Meister  [131]  or MindManager  [130]. Padlet: A collaborative bulletin board tool with anonymous or identified pads, organized in columns. A pad can contain many things such as rich text, images, links, oral or video notes, scribbling, geolocation, documents. [137]  Coda blends collaborative edition of documents and databases  [116]. Kialo specializes on textual debate and critical thinking  [128]. ClassKick is a full fledged collaborative learning system, with the teacher and her class, collaborating together  [115]. Etherpad is an opensource simple collaborative real-time rich text editor  [83, 123]. Prezi: A collaborative hierarchical presentation tool that can be used as a mind mapping tool.
Acknowledgments This expert consensus was the initiative of the  Collège National des Cardiologues Français  and the  Collège National des Cardiologues des Hôpitaux , initially supported by  AstraZeneca  to organize the first meeting, with no interaction with the group on the content of the article. Sophie Rushton-Smith, PhD  and  Jenny Lloyd, PhD  ( MedLink Healthcare Communications Limited ) provided first draft support under the guidance of the authors.
Time Series Decomposition and Preliminary Results Signal processing methods are used to extract additional features from time series. Among the most known, the fast Fourier transform (FFT) transforms discrete time domain data into the frequency domain. The information collected comprises the gain and the phase of the signal for each frequency value. These characteristics carry information not available for data in the time domain. Unlike FFT, whose scope is limited to stationary or periodic signals, the wavelet transform (WT) is applicable to non-stationary and transient signals. The signal is decomposed into distinct details with determined bandwidths. The analysis of the information then extracted is used for fault diagnosis. In order to extract information from PV output time series, these well-known decomposition tools have already been applied to PV fault diagnosis, as well as more recent tools.
As of June 2021, only two clinical trials are evaluating the role of EV therapeutics in brain diseases including a small clinical trial of safety involving intravenous application of MSC-EVs engineered to express miR-124 in stroke patients (clinicalTrial. gov identifier NCT3384433) and a phase I/II clinical trial of safety and efficacy of EVs derived from allogeneic adipose MSCs administered for nasal drip in patients with AD (NCT0438982). EV therapies have yet to be approved by the regulatory authorities. Therefore, further studies evaluating the efficacy of MSC-EVs in RCTs are required. In addition, the conventional 2D culture method has been used in the aforementioned clinical studies. EV characterization and isolation methods show substantial heterogeneity. Therefore, further clinical studies are needed to address the limitations of clinical progression of EV therapeutics, such as scalability and GMP of source cells and EV preparation, in addition to extensive quality control.
Results Thirty-nine patients (40 knees) were included with a mean follow-up of 57 AE 10 months (42-74 months). Twenty knees (50%, 20/40) each sustained different operating methods. One knee from method A (2. 5%, 1/ 40) was lost to follow-up and excluded from the postoperative analysis. Five patients (13. 2%, 5/38) had a contralateral ACL rupture. Demographic data are summarized in Table  3. The causes of primary injury were 1 road traffic accident ( All medial meniscocapsular lesions were repaired using an all inside suture hook. 48 One failure of medial meniscocapsular repair was recorded (12. 5%, 1/8). The patient underwent reoperation at 16. 5 months for revision suturing. The 2 other medial meniscal tears were treated by partial meniscectomy (25%, 2/8). Concerning the lateral meniscus, 9 tears (69%, 9/13) were repaired with an all-inside suture,  49  3 tears (23%, 3/13) were treated with a partial meniscectomy, and 1 stable tear (8%, 1/13) was left in place.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT This work has been carried out in the framework of the RD50 Collaboration. The project has received funding from the  European Unions Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation program  under Grant Agreement no. 654168. C. Liao would like to thank the  Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation)  under Germany's  Excellence Strategy -EXC 2121  "  Quantum Universe " -390833306  and  Professor Z. Li  for support his stay at the  University of Hamburg. I. Pintilie  acknowledge the funding received through  IFA-CERN-RO 5/2019  project. Z. Li acknowledge the funding received through the  Key Scientific and Technological Innovation Project of Shandong Province  under Grant No. 2019 TSLH 0316 , and the project of  Yantai Insitute for the exchange of Driving Forces  under Grants No.
Data sources Patient data were collected from three phase 3 trials [placebocontrolled MOBILITY  [30]  (patients with inadequate response to methotrexate; NCT01061736) and TARGET  [31]  (patients with intolerance or an inadequate response to TNF inhibitors; NCT01709578) and adalimumab-controlled MONARCH  [24]  (patients with intolerance or inadequate response to methotrexate; NCT02332590)] and their openlabel extensions (OLEs). We selected patients who received placebo or the recommended sarilumab dose of 200 mg q2w in MOBILITY and TARGET and adalimumab 40 mg or sarilumab 200 mg q2w in MONARCH. In the extension studies EXTEND (for patients from MOBILITY and TARGET; NCT01146652) and MONARCH OLE, all patients were assigned to receive open-label sarilumab 200 mg q2w. The protocols for the included studies were approved by the appropriate ethics committees/institutional review boards and each patient gave written consent before participation in the study.