dataesr/scientific-paragraphs-categorization huggingface dataset:
Matériel et méthodes La recherche bibliographique a été réalisée selon la stratégie PRISMA en utilisant la base de données Pubmed et les termes MeSH : sleep apnea, urinary incontinence, erectile dysfunction, sexuality. Tous les articles publiés jusqu'à 2020, en francais ou en anglais, ont été examinés sans restriction temporelle. Seuls les articles dans lesquels le diagnostic de syndrome d'apnée obstructive du sommeil était objectivé par une polysomnographie d'au moins 8 heures étaient inclus dans cette étude. Les titres ne référant pas au sujet concerné ont été exclus. Les résultats sont présentés d'une manière descriptive. Le processus de la revue de la littérature est détaillé dans un diagramme de flux (Fig. 1 ). La recherche a identifié 240 articles publiés jusqu'à 2020. Les articles exclus à partir des titres et des résumés sont au nombre de 182.
METHOD The case studied a tennis player training in an academy (16 years old, weighing 51 kg, measuring 168 cm, with 9 years of practice, 10 hours of weekly training and an ITN3 ranking) following a traditional high school schedule (30 hours of lessons including 2 hours of P. E. per week). During the 31 weeks of the study, the player accumulated 78 technicaltactical training sessions, 75 physical training sessions and 50 competitive matches. Physical endurance (30/15 IFT) and strength (Squat and Deadlift) tests were performed in weeks 1, 16 and 29 to assess the effectiveness of the training. The EC for each session was calculated by multiplying the RPE score by the duration of the session in minutes. These data were then used to calculate the weekly monotony index and the acute to chronic workload ratio (ACWR).
p = 0,57) ou sur la SG (8,0 mois vs 9,0 mois). L'utilisation des anti-EGFR en association à la chimiothérapie n'est donc pas recommandée en première intention dans le traitement de première ligne des CCRm BRAF V600E mais peut être discutée quand l'objectif est d'obtenir une réponse antitumorale maximale. L'étude de phase II randomisée FIRE 4. 5, actuellement en cours avec pour objectif la réponse tumorale, permettra d'apporter les premières données sur l'intérêt d'un anti-EGFR (le cetuximab) par rapport au bevacizumab en association à la trithérapie FOLFOXIRI en première ligne métastatique (NCT04034459).
Une autorisation de mise sur le marché (AMM) est attendue dans cette indication. La triple inhibition (encorafenib, binimetinib et cetuximab) dès la première ligne pour des patients avec CCRm a fait, quant à elle, l'objet d'une étude de phase II multicentrique monobras internationale dont les inclusions sont terminées et les résultats en attente (ANCHOR, NCT03693170).
De plus, le traitement en continu par voie sous-cutanée par setmélanotide induit une perte de poids, dans des modèles murins et chez l'homme, avec une réponse différente selon le variant MC4R en cause  [3]. Actuellement, des essais cliniques avec le setmélanotide sont en cours chez les patients porteurs de variants hétérozygotes MC4R (NCT03013543). Les effets secondaires du setmélanotide sont modérés avec des douleurs et rougeurs au point d'injection, une fatigue présente le plus souvent à l'initiation du traitement, une coloration brune de la peau par stimulation des récepteurs de type MC1 constante mais dépendante du phototype et de l'exposition solaire, parfois des céphalées et un priapisme (très rare). -De nombreux variants de MC4R sont associés à une rétention intracellulaire, ce qui pourrait limiter l'effet d'un agoniste α-MSH.
Les résultats de notre étude centrée sur l'hypothalamus nous ont permis de formuler l'hypothèse de l'implication du « cerveau homéostasique » dans la pathogenèse de cette maladie considérée jusqu'alors comme comportementale, et fournissent un nouvel outil diagnostique au clinicien. Sur le plan thérapeutique, quelques essais de neurostimulation cérébrale profonde sont en cours, mais centrés sur des régions extra-hypothalamiques  [15]. Nos résultats permettent désormais d'envisager la possibilité d'une activation ou d'une inhibition de sous-structures hypothalamiques dysfonctionnelles chez les patients afin de faciliter le retour à une prise alimentaire suffisante. ‡ Hypothalamic MRI, a new diagnostic tool in anorexia nervosa? REMERCIEMENTS Ce projet a été soutenu par l'agence nationale de la recherche (ANR-16-CE37-0006).
Matériel et méthodes La base de données d'un service universitaire de neuro-urologie a été consultée. L'interrogation portait de 1990 à 2019. Les mots clés utilisés étaient : « Wolfram », « syndrome de Wolfram », « urodynamique ». Toutes les fiches correspondantes à ces critères ont été retenues et les dossiers cliniques et urodynamique des patients analysés. N'étaient retenu pour l'analyse finale, uniquement les patients ayant eu un bilan clinique complet dans le service, un bilan urodynamique initial et un suivi à 5 ans d'évolution. Etaient exclus les patients ne s'étant présentés qu'en consultation ou simplement adressés pour un bilan neurophysiologique périnéal ou une manométrie anorectale.
Statistical analysis We used the Kaplan-Meir method to estimate the cumulative probability of death. Mortality rates were estimated by dividing the number of deaths by the cumulative person time at risk. The time at risk started at randomization and ended on January 5, 2015. Follow-up data were censored when participants died or were lost to follow-up. Patients were defined as lost-to-follow-up if they did not attend their last scheduled appointment and no further information on their vital status was available within the 6 months preceding the closing date of the database. Cox proportional hazards models were used to look for an association between baseline PBMC HIV-1 DNA level and mortality by the end of the post-trial phase, adjusting the Hazard Ratio for the trial strategies (Early-ART vs.
Funder, registration and ethics At the end of the 30-month follow-up for the trial, we asked patients to renew their informed consent for participating in the post-trial phase. The Temprano protocol, which included the posttrial phase, was approved by the Côte d'Ivoire National Ethics Committee for Health Research. It was registered at Clinical Trials. gov (NCT00495651). The sponsor (Agence Nationale de Recherches sur le Sida et les h epatites virales) had no role in the conduct of the study and interpretation of the data. Analyzed, n=1006 Excluded from analysis, n=17 (2)   Excluded early, n=8 (1)   Analyzed, n=1013 Excluded from analysis, n=20 (2)   Excluded early, n=12 (1)   Alive and followed up at the end of Temprano trial, n=970.
Our findings were robust in sensitivity analyses. However, there were also several limitations. Firstly, the association of a marker with the prognosis in a cohort study must be interpreted with caution, as there is always the possibility of one or several confounding factors unrecorded in the database. Secondly, while we reported the rate of severe morbidity events at 30 months in the initial Temprano paper, long-term morbidity data is not reported in the present paper. During the trial phase, the Event Documentation Committee used standardized criteria to validate and classify all severe morbidity events. These criteria were a combination of clinical definitions and laboratory and radiological test results. Some clinical definitions included evolution under standardized care and treatment  [10].
Acknowledgments We are indebted to all patients who participated in this trial. We also gratefully acknowledge the valuable contributions of the  SMIT, CeDReS, CePReF, CMSDS, HGAN, CIRBA, USAC, FSU Com Anonkoua-Kout e, Hôpital El Rapha, centre La Pierre Angulaire, PACCI, PNLS, PNLT, NPSP , CEPAC international, RIP plus and INSERM 1219 teams. We thank  Merck Sharp & Dohme , for the donation of Stocrin Ò and  Gilead Sciences , for the donation of Truvada Ò for all participants in the study; The  'Nouvelle Pharmacie de Sant e Publique' of Côte d'Ivoire , for providing all others antiretroviral drugs; and The  President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR)  for supporting the  'Nouvelle Pharmacie de Sant e Publique' of Côte d'Ivoire  in antiretroviral drugs supply.
4 Les participant•es n'étaient invité•es à répondre qu'aux questions correspondant à leur « profil » (expérience de cancer vs. absence d'expérience de cancer, professionnel•le de santé ou de la rechercher vs. autres participant•es). Le questionnaire est composé d'items ad-hoc construits spécifiquement dans le cadre du Baromètre. de décrire la population (T de Student et Chi deux). Une analyse par cluster TwoSteps 5  a ensuite été menée afin de répartir les participant•es selon leur profil de réponse. L'ensemble des analyses a été réalisé à l'aide du logiciel SPSSv25. La perception des participant•es concernant leur propre connaissance de la recherche est mesurée grâce à une échelle en 4 points (allant de « Je n'y connais rien » (1) à « Je me tiens très informé•e » (4)). L'engagement volontaire des participant•es pour la recherche a été évalué grâce à un score pouvant aller de 0 à 9 et combinant plusieurs items  6.
The aim of these tools was: i) to be able to build and implement them quickly with limited resources; ii) use our existing developing tools or open-source alternatives if not available; and iii) be able to create and distribute real-time reports. We managed to build two databases in less than a week. The first database (COVID-SAMU) is a triage database used for monitoring outpatient cases, with a phone call schedule based on national monitoring guidelines. The database has information on all outpatient cases, including their address, their age, their underlying diseases and their different symptoms. Sociodemographic data from patients with COVID-like symptoms are first automatically integrated from the hospital triage software. Then, we developed a web application where each clinician can fill specific forms to monitor COVID symptoms and their evolution at the time of each phone call.
We decided to heavily rely on this form of outpatient monitoring rather than self-reporting (for example, based on a smartphone application) because of our population characteristics (Martinique is one of the oldest French territory). The second database (COVCHUM) is for hospitalized patients. This database also integrates the few digitized data available (administrative data, reimbursement claims and laboratory test reports). As for the COVID-SAMU database, we developed a web-application and COVIDspecific forms for clinicians. In this case, we needed to be able to integrate quickly the most important data for COVID monitoring despite the lack of interoperability between our different digitized systems. Since our administrative data is fully digitized, we were able to link patients throughout the different systems with their hospital ID (Identifiant Permanent du Patient, IPP).
Symptoms were mapped to the French International Classification of Diseases, 10 th edition (ICD-10) when possible, and procedures were mapped to the French Procedure Terminology (Classification Commune des Actes Médicaux, CCAM). Both databases are implemented with WINDEV ® , because it allowed us to automatically integrate data from our hospital framework (all of our hospital software rely on Oracle ® database management system). We also used WEBDEV ® to develop the web-based applications, because we wanted to be able to deploy them hospital-wide in a very short time, even with a very small team. Finally, both COVID databases allow to perform queries using Structured Query Language (SQL) and extract structured data in comma-separated values (CSV) form, which helps us create real-time reports.
Forces et limites de la revue de littérature La recherche n'a été conduite qu'au sein d'une seule base de données, PubMed. L'inclusion des articles a été effectuée par un seul chercheur mais la recherche bibliographique a été correctement structurée avec une requête précise ayant permis de réduire un éventuel biais de sélection. Enfin, et de manière délibérée, il n'a pas été fait de tri au niveau de la qualité de réalisation des études. En effet, le souhait de cette étude était de répertorier de manière la plus.
Methods The Shock Implant Evaluation Trial (SIMPLE) is a multicentre trial evaluating whether ICD implantation without defibrillation test (DFT) is not inferior to implantation with DFT. 29  Patients receiving an ICD for either primary or secondary prevention, with or without cardiac resynchronization (CRT), were randomized to have DFT or no DFT at the time of the device implant. A total of 2500 patients were recruited and followed up for at least 2 years after enrollment of the last patient (mean follow-up, 3. 1 years). Prespecified data collection included infection rates and related risk factors. Infection was defined as requiring IV antibiotics, hospital admission, or device and lead removal. Minor skin infections resolved with oral antibiotics were not included in this study because no detailed data were collected.
Parmi les patients qui pr esentaient un h ematome après l'implantation du DCI ( variables, median and interquartile range for non-normally distributed variables, and frequency and proportion for categorical variables. A comparison between patients with and without infection was performed using an independent t test or Wilcoxon rank-sum test for continuous variables and a c 2 test or Fisher's exact test for categorical variables. Univariate logistic regression analysis was applied to investigate the effect of individual predictors, and subsequently multivariable logistic regression model was applied to potential predictors selected from univariate analysis based on statistical significance (P < 0. 1). Statistical analyses were conducted using SAS 9. 2 software (SAS Institute, Inc, Cary, NC).
Nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) Quantitative determination of EV size distribution was performed by NTA, in addition to microscopic methods. Protocols that were recently established for the analysis of cryptococcal EVs were used  (Reis et al. 2019). Briefly, ultracentrifugated pellets were 20-to 50-fold diluted in filtered PBS and measured within the optimal dilution range of 9 x 10 7 to 2. 9 x 10 9 particles/mL on an LM10 nanoparticle analysis system, coupled with a 488-nm laser and equipped with an SCMOS camera and a syringe pump (Malvern Panalytical, Malvern, United Kingdom). The data were acquired and analyzed using the NTA 3. 0 software (Malvern Panalytical).
The SerialEM software  (Mastronarde 2005 , Schorb et al. 2019 ) was used to automatically acquire images every 2° over a ±45° range using a Falcon II direct detector with a pixel size of 2 Å, using a total dose of 180 electrons per Å2. At least 100 EV cryo-EM images obtained from TECNAI F20 were used for measuring EV diameter and decoration thickness in wild type (WT) and mutant strains. For each EV, an average of three different measurements were used to calculate the diameter (delimited by the lipid bilayer) and the decoration thickness. Dose-symmetric tilt series were collected on a 300kV Titan Krios (Thermo Scientific) transmission electron microscope equipped with a Quantum LS imaging filter (Gatan, slit with 20 eV), single-tilt axis holder and K3 direct electron detector (Gatan). Tilt series with an angular increment of 2° and an angular range of ±60° were acquired with the Tomography software (Thermo Scientific).
To display in 3D the vesicle contour data were meshed using the imodmesh function of IMOD. The projections of the 3D spheroidal models were displayed and rotated to study their 3D geometry. For the evaluation of the decoration thickness, regular vesicles were analyzed by manually measuring the outer EV diameter (delimited by the fibrillar decoration) and the inner diameter (delimited by the lipid bilayer), across the longest axis of the vesicle. The final calculation of the decoration thickness was the subtraction of the inner diameter from the outer diameter, divided by two. For the modeling of the fibrillar decoration, the IMOD surface models were imported to UCSF Chimera  (Pettersen et al. 2004 ). The models were used as masks to extract a slab of data around their outer surface, corresponding to the decoration.
Mass spectra were acquired in data-dependent acquisition mode with the XCalibur 2. 2 software (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Bremen) with automatic switching between MS and MS/MS scans using a top-10 method. MS spectra were acquired at a resolution of 70000 (at m/z 400) with a target value of 3 × 10 6 ions. The scan range was limited from 300 to 1700 m/z. Peptide fragmentation was performed using higher-energy collision dissociation (HCD) with the energy set at 27 NCE. Intensity threshold for ions selection was set at 1 × 10 6 ions with charge exclusion of z = 1 and z > 7. The MS/MS spectra were acquired at a resolution of 17500 (at m/z 400). Isolation window was set at 1. 6 Th. Dynamic exclusion was employed within 45 s.
Data processing Data were searched using MaxQuant (version 1. 5. 3. 8 and 1. 6. 6. 0) (Cox and Mann 2008, Tyanova et al. 2016 ) using the Andromeda search engine  (Cox et al. 2011 ) against home-made databases. The following databases were used. For C. neoformans KN99α, C. deneoformans JEC21 and C. deuterogattii R265 we used the recently updated proteomes  (Wallace et al. 2020 , Gröhs Ferrareze et al. 2021). The following search parameters were applied: carbamidomethylation of cysteines was set as a fixed modification, oxidation of methionine and protein N-terminal acetylation were set as variable modifications. The mass tolerances in MS and MS/MS were set to 5 ppm and 20 ppm respectively. Maximum peptide charge was set to 7 and 7 amino acids were required as minimum peptide length. A false discovery rate of 1% was set up for both protein and peptide levels.
Statistical analysis All statistical analyses were performed using GraphPad Prism 8 software (GraphPad Software Inc. ). Data sets were tested for normal distribution using Shapiro-Wilk or Kolmogorov-Smirnov normality tests. In the cases in which the data passed the normality test, they were further analyzed using the unpaired Student's t test or ordinary one-way ANOVA. When at least one data set was nonnormally distributed, we used the nonparametric Kolmogorov-Smirnov or Kruskal-Wallis test. For the comparison of the survival curves, we used the Logrank (Mantel-Cox) test.
Acknowledgements This work was supported by a  CAPES COFECUB  grant  n°39712ZK  (to GJ, MLR, LA and LN). JR was supported by the  CAPES-COFECUB Franco-Brazilian Research Exchange Program  ( 88887. 357947/2019-00 )and by a  Pasteur-Roux-Cantarini fellowship of Institut Pasteur. SSWW was supported by  CEFIPRA/ANR-DFG-AfuINF  grant and  Pasteur-Roux-Cantarini  postdoctoral fellowship. VA was supported by  ANR-DFG AfuINF and Indo-French Centre for the Promotion of Advanced Research (CEFIPRA ; Grant N o 5403-1) grants. Jean-Marie Winter  from the  NanoImaging Core at Institut Pasteur  is acknowledged for his support image acquisition. The NanoImaging Core was created with the help of a grant from the  French Government's 'Investissements d'Avenir' program  ( EQUIPEX CACSICE -"Centre d'analyse de systèmes complexes dans les environnements complexes ",  ANR-11-EQPX-0008 ).
The Falcon II equipping the F20 microscope at the  UBI  used during this study was also financed by the  Equipex CACSICE  (grant number  ANR-11-EQPX-0008 ). M. L. R. is supported by grants from the  Brazilian Ministry of Health  (grant  440015/2018-9 ),  Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq ; grants  405520/2018-2  and  301304/2017-3 ), and  Fiocruz  (grants  VPPCB-007-FIO-18  and  VPPIS-001-FIO18 )MLR, JR, and FCGR also acknowledge support from  Coordenac&ão de Aperfeic&oamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES , finance code  001 ) and the  Instituto Nacional de Cie&ncia e Tecnologia de Inovac&ão em Doenc&as de Populac&ões Negligenciadas (INCT-IDPN ). MLR is currently on leave of an associate professor position at the  Instituto de Microbiologia.
Objective. The WHO recommends same-day sputum smear microscopy for the diagnosis of smear-positive tuberculosis (TB) in countries with high TB burden for earlier diagnosis and treatment, a cornerstone to prevent air-borne transmission. We aimed to compare the conventional strategy (sputum collection on three consecutive days) and the same-day strategy (hour h, h+1, h+2) in France, a country with low TB burden. Patients and methods. Over a six-month period, all adult individuals presenting with presumptive smear-positive TB were eligible for the study, registered in ClinicalTrials. gov ID (NCT 02961569). Sputum specimens were collected three times the first day, then once on the second day and once on the third day. The concordance between the two strategies regarding smears and cultures were assessed.
Despite most patients coming from Africa, one of the strengths of this study was that they had been living in France for over one year, suggesting they differed from patients living in high burden countries. Moreover, sputum specimens were not only collected during the first three days of admission, before initiation of treatment, but also after initiation of treatment, between Day 7 and Day 10, and between Day 14 and Day 21. New data relative to the comparison of the two strategies was thus provided, compared to previous reports. Finally, the concordance between the conventional sputum and the same-day sputum strategy was assessed from smears and cultures, to get closer to the quality of sputum specimens in both strategies. Our study has several limitations. The first is the relatively small size of the population treated for TB, related to the monocentric design of the study; moreover, when patients had a very high inoculum at h/D1, h+1, h+2, sputum specimens on Day 2 and Day 3 were not examined by the microbiologists to avoid laboratory contaminations.
November 2016 to May 2017 all adult individuals admitted to the Internal Medicine Department (Lariboisiere Hospital, Paris, France) with clinically presumptive pulmonary TB (weight loss, hemoptysis, chronic cough, fever) or a chest x-ray evocative of pulmonary TB were prospectively enrolled after written consent. The study was approved by the local ethics committees, Institutional Review Board N° IRB00003835 in September 2016 (approval number 2016/46SC) and registered in ClinicalTrials. gov ID (NCT 02961569). Demographic data (age, birth country), chest x-ray, HIV, hepatitis B (HBV) and hepatitis C (HCV) status (defined by HIV antibodies, HBs Ag, and HCV RNA positivity, respectively), were recorded for each patient. Sputum specimens were collected either spontaneously or after a fiberoptic bronchoscopy if spontaneous sputum specimens were saliva.
Numerical test We • or by using the least-square method least_squares from the same Python library. It is slightly less precise but the initial guess can be far away from the solution, here [0. 5, 0. 5, 0. 5, 0. 5]. The method works equally when [r, a, c, d ] = [0. 8, 1, 1, 1. 1] which is a case r < d /c and disc < 0, asymptotic to a biomass tending to zero. The computing times for broyden1 and least_squares are almost instantaneous on a macbook 2019, i7@2. 7Ghz. However porting this strategy on a tablet or smart phone is not simple.
Numerical implementation and Results There too, the fact that (  17 u M (b, e) = (|b -b i | 2 + |e -e i | 2 )1 (0<b<1)×(0<e<1) , 1 δt u m b,e + µ 2 2 (b 2 ∂ bb u m + ∂ ee u m ) b,e = 1 δt u m+1 (b -b(r -ab -e)δt , e -(d -ce -be)δt ). The system is localised in (0, 2. 5) × (-3, 2) and discretised in space by the Finite Element Method of degree 1. Then the optimisation problem is solved using 15 iterations of the software IPOPT, as implemented in FreeFem++  [4]. As for the Neural Network we impose the same constraints on the parameters: 1 ≤ r ≤ 3, 0. 5 ≤ a ≤ 1. 5, 0. 5 ≤ c ≤ 1. 5, 0. 6 ≤ d ≤ 1. 7. Results are shown in Table  3  and on Figure  4. For instance, for µ = 0. 125, IPOP found, after 15 iterations: u = 0. 0103, u ,r = 0. 00985, u ,a = -0. 0009738, u ,c = 0. 01053, u ,d = 0. 0667 at b 0 , e 0.