dataesr/scientific-paragraphs-categorization huggingface dataset:
Data processing and modeling Risk of Anopheles mosquito presence and insecticide resistance was estimated by cells in a grid covering the study area. The spatial definition of the grid (the size of the cells) is based on the objectives of the study (in term of shape and spatial accuracy) and the availability of environmental data needed to characterize the cells of the grid. Thus, to present results with enough precision to manage local phenomena, we created a 10×10 km cell grid, giving a total of 2,836 cells for the whole country and 1,071 cells for the central and southern region (Fig  4 ). We developed models combining variables describing these cells. Mean temperature, rainfall, altitude, percentage of surface for each land use type, total of malaria cases, total population were calculated for each grid cell by GIS process.
It is assumed that agricultural areas, particularly fruit orchards and other cash crops, will apply higher amounts of pesticides than other land uses. This is a pattern commonly seen in neighboring Thailand  [10]   [12]. We also used expert knowledge from agronomists to develop this sub-model. First a weighted mean (varying from 0 to 1) was given to each cell: Leached pesticides are carried downstream following topography and rivers causing accumulation and a higher probability of insecticide presence. In each cell, Y5 was calculated from Y5a and the topographic index, to take into account the capacity of the cell to accumulate pesticides from upstream. Y5a ¼ 1=4 P ðb i À 1Þsp i The number of distributed ITNs was only available by district. There are no data on where IRS campaigns were carried out.
Cables mechanical recycling: case of aluminium The Figure  2  is an illustration of an aluminium cable, the aluminium core (a) is covered with a polymer thick layer (b). Additional metallic materials (c) are coaxially integrated to reach the definition of this complex product. These cables are manufactured by extruding together all the materials that compose it. The glued assembly of many materials makes the product particularly homogeneous and hard to disassembly. The Table  1  shows the mass proportion of materials contained in aluminium cables. The first column refers to the keys present in Figure  2. Mass proportions are extracted from MTB monitoring data of recycled cables at the plant between 2011 and 2014. Aluminium in cables represents between 35 and 55% of the total weight. Other metals are mainly steel, lead, copper, zinc.
Development scenario 2. 2. 1 MTB centralized recycling plant system For the MTB centralized recycling plant system, we use data from the MTB recycling treatment line located in Trept, France. The Table  3  presents the technical data. This treatment line has been reviewed by a complete LCA  [34]  and briefly discussed in the introduction section. In this article, we propose only a simplified presentation of the life cycle inventory to compare with the Cablebox system which was not been assessed with the previous LCA. The working time is fixed on a 250-working-day basis including ten days of complete shutdown for maintenance. The daily maintenance is carried out by night at regular intervals. The line automation makes it possible to limit the workforce to 2. 5 operators. One half-time crane operator at the beginning of the recycling process and two operators for the handling at the end of the recycling process.
Shared data for the two systems For the environmental life cycle impact assessment, the inventory data come from the Ecoinvent 3. 3 database. The modelling of road transport was carried out using two types of truck presented in Table  5. For the comparison of the systems, we use several electric mixes. The first electricity mix used corresponds to the European electricity mix without Switzerland: market group for electricity, medium voltage | electricity, medium voltage | APOS, U À Europe without Switzerland. This is the standard energy mix used for the isoperimetric comparison. This electricity mix is equivalent to ENTSO-E electricity mix already used in the aluminium LCA (Fig. 4 ). Nevertheless, the centralized plant MTB located in Trept has chosen to be supplied exclusively with renewable energy.
The corresponding electrical mix in the Ecoinvent database is: market for electricity, medium voltage, label-certified | electricity, medium voltage, labelcertified | APOS, U À CH. The electricity mix uses mostly hydroelectric sources from altitude dams. in the document, the LCIA results using this specific electricity mix are marked green electricity. Modelling the tire shovel and the crane truck involve the following Ecoinvent data: machine operation, diesel, ≥ 74. 57 kW, low load factor. For the two systems studied, we used the economic data shown in Table  6  below. It is important to consider this data as average values representative of the trend but not accurate for business secrets.
Life cycle cost and impact assessment methodology The life cycle modelling was done using OpenLCA V 1. 5 software and Ecoinvent V3. 3 database. The economic calculations were obtained from OpenLCA. Environmental impact assessment is done using ILCD Handbook recommendations  [39]. In OpenLCA ILCD, 1. 0. 8 2016 Midpoint without long term was selected for the calculation. For environmental calculations, we only present results for the climate change indicator for this simplified environmental study. The impact factors selected from climate change is the 100-year IPCC baseline model  [40]. The environmental impact allocation is based on a mass allocation. In our study, the LCC analysis only considering the costs of each system regardless the profit from the sales of the recycled materials sales.
Study size. We have previously reported that the positive SPT rate among subjects with self-reported AR was 32. 5% in Baoding, in central China; with Cwa climate  29. In the present study, we estimated that to screen >96% sensitized patients, with a 4% margin of error and a 2-tailed α value of 0. 05, the size of the cohort in central China needed to be 4987. Considering a dropout of 25% participants because of incomplete SPT data in clinical practice, we recruited 6649 participants. However, 413 of these patients were excluded due to availability of insufficient SPT data on the total 20 aeroallergens assessed in the present study. Thus, 6236 patients from central China were tested to initially obtain the optimal aeroallergen panel for this area, and the feasibility of this panel was further tested in patients from the other three areas.
Statistical analysis. Statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS version 22. 0 software package (IBM Corp. , Armonk, NY, USA). The regional study populations were standardized by adjusting for age and gender and the entire study population was used as the reference population. The weight of patients in each gender and age group was calculated in all the patients of the study population (Supplementary Table  S3 ). Sensitization to specific allergens in each region was calculated as the percentage of total sensitized patients and expressed as standardized sensitization rates (SSRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Chi-square test was used to compare the differences in SSRs between geographical areas, genders, age groups, and AR phenotypes with/without comorbidities. Statistical significance was set at a P value ≤ 0.
Acknowledgements This work was supported by grants from  National Key R & D Program of China  ( 2016YFC20160905200 ), the  national natural science foundation of China  ( 81630023 ,  81420108009 ,  81400444  and  81470678 ),  Beijing Municipal Administration of Hospitals' Mission Plan  ( SML20150203 ),  Beijing Municipal Administration of Hospitals' Youth Program  ( QML20150202 ),  Capital Application Study of Clinical Characteristics  ( Z141107002514122 ), and  Capital Health Development Fundation  ( 2016-1-2052 ).
Conclusions In this phase II study, molecular SPECT imaging of the pulmonary vascular endothelium using 99m Tc-PulmoBind was safe. PulmoBind showed potential to detect both pulmonary embolism and abnormalities indicative of pulmonary vascular disease in PAH. Phase III studies with this novel tracer and direct comparisons to lung perfusion agents such as labeled macro-aggregates of albumin are needed. Clinical trial ClinicalTrials. gov, NCT02216279.
Based on these premises, we developed AM derivatives that can be labeled with 99m Tc for molecular SPECT imaging of the pulmonary circulation  [7]. The lead derivative is called PulmoBind. PulmoBind binds with excellent affinity to the human AM receptor but lacks the hypotensive effects of native adrenomedullin  [7]. 99m Tc-PulmoBind is effective to detect reduced lung perfusion in the monocrotaline and hypoxia-Sugen models of PAH  [6, 7]. In a phase I trial (study PB-01, ClinicalTrials. gov NCT01539889) of healthy human subjects, PulmoBind was safe and resulted in excellent quality SPECT imaging of the lungs  [8]. In the current phase II study, we aimed to determine the safety and establish the proof of principle for the use of PulmoBind in the diagnosis of human pulmonary vascular disease.
Material and methods The trial was registered at ClinicalTrials. gov (NCT02216279) and conducted in accordance with the amended declaration of Helsinki. All participants signed a written informed consent form. Study subjects were recruited from 3 PH centers: The Montreal Heart Institute, the Jewish General Hospital and the Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec. The primary safety objectives of the study were to determine the safety of PulmoBind in PH and to determine the absence of allergic reaction after a repeated exposure 1 month later in healthy controls. The primary efficacy objective was to determine the capacity of PulmoBind lungs scan for detecting abnormal pulmonary circulation associated with PH. Control non-smoking participants (n = 15) with no evidence of lung disease were recruited after screening tests to rule out PH or any lung disorder (history, physical exam, cardiac ultrasound, chest X-ray and lung function testing) and any significant kidney or liver disease (history, exam, biochemistry).
For the semi-quantitative analysis, tomographic datasets were reconstructed using 3D OSEM (ordered subset expectation maximization) iterative reconstruction algorithm with 3D Gaussian filtering for noise reduction. Semi-automatic 3D regions of interest (ROIs) of the right and left lungs were drawn using ITK-snap 2. 2. 0 and analyzed using in-house software designed with MATLAB 2013a (Mathworks, Natick, MA, USA). The activity distribution index, a parameter indicative of the distribution of activity intensity that is independent of spatial distribution, was developed to obtain a quantification of the observed heterogeneity. To do so, a frequency histogram of activity intensity per voxel throughout the ROI of each lung was constructed. Voxels were grouped based on their intensity in 15 consecutive clusters from 0% (no activity) to 100% (maximum pixel activity in the ROI), each cluster representing a 6.
67% increased activity step. A graph representing the frequency of voxels (equivalent to the percentage of lung volume) was then plotted as a function of the 15 intensity clusters. A reference intensity distribution was constructed from the data obtained in the 15 healthy control subjects. For each participating subject, the intensity distribution was then compared to the normal reference and the percent lung volume with different distribution was determined and defined as the Bactivity distribution index^. The activity distribution index was measured for the right and left lungs and the maximal value for each subject was analysed.
Median, lower, and upper quartiles were presented as appropriate. Univariate linear regressions were generated in PH subjects with the heterogeneity distribution index as the dependent variable and the following parameters of the severity of PH as the independent variables: type of PH (categorical), 6-min walk distance, WHO functional class (categorical), cardiac ultrasound parameters (pulmonary artery systolic pressure, TAPSE, RVMPI), hemodynamics (mean PAP, PVR, RAP, cardiac output), and NT-proBNP. Any adverse event was reported and coded by system organ class and body system according to the MedDRA dictionary (version 17. 0). Statistical analyses were conducted at the Montreal Health Innovations Coordinating Center using SAS Version 9. 4, after 100% on-site clinical monitoring of the case report forms.
Acknowledgements The authors would like to thank  Luc Harvey RN ,  Monique Masse ,  Lysa Lesenko RN , and  Luce Bouffard RN  for their help in recruitment and administrative aspects of the study;  Sophie Marcil NMT ,  Bernard Meloche NMT, Caroline d'Oliviera Sousa NMT, Alain Paré NMT and Mikaël Paquette NMT  for their expert technical assistance in the nuclear medicine departments;  Serge Lepage MD  and  Sylvain Prévost MD  as members of the safety committee;  Jean-Simon Blais PhD  and  Marie-Eve Allard  from  KABS Laboratories Inc. ;  Suzanne Picard from SPharm.
Meclinertant was also tested on nonselected patients with lung cancer, after a first line of chemotherapy using cisplatin combined with etoposide, but failed to demonstrate an increase in overall survival (NCT00290953). Globally, meclinertant is very efficient and specifically counteracts the physiologic action of NTS mediated by NTSR1, but lacks performance in pathologic situations as cancer where the NTS autocrine loop is very strong. In this article, we showed that SR48692 enhanced the response to carboplatin in ovarian cancer cells expressing both NTS and NTSR1. SR48692 improved the effect of carboplatin by increasing the drug efficiency and reducing the survival action of NTS. We also showed the absence of NTS and NTSR1 expression in tissues from normal ovary samples, whereas these makers are present in approximately 70% of ovarian cancer.
Analysis of patient data The mRNA expression was analyzed by (Agilent, Affymetrix HuEx, Affymetrix U133A. Ovarian serous cystadenocarcinoma TCGA dataset (http://cancergenome. nih. gov/) was obtained via cBioPortal (http://www. cbioportal. org; refs. 27, 28). Clinical data, main molecular features, NTSR1 and NTS mRNA z-scores (RNASeqV2), were available for 491 cases  (29).
Statistical analysis All statistical analyses were performed using GraphPad Prism (GraphPad Software, Inc. ). Statistical analysis was carried out using t test or Bonferroni multiple comparisons test ( ÃÃÃÃ , P < 0. 0001; ÃÃÃ , P < 0. 001; ÃÃ , P < 0. 01; and Ã , P < 0. 05). A P value of less than 0. 05 was considered significant. The comparison of NTS and NTSR1 mRNA z-scores or IHC semiquantitative score between clinicopathologic groups were performed using the Mann-Whitney U test (two groups) or Kruskal-Wallis test with Dunn postanalysis (more than two groups). A P value of 0. 05 was accepted as significant.
2) than in borderline tumors (81. 2 AE 55. 6) and normal ovaries (28. 5 AE 32. 5; P < 0. 001; Fig. 6C ). NTS and NTSR1 mRNA expression were analyzed in a cohort of 491 high-grade ovarian serous cystadenocarcinoma from the TCGA database. Figure  6D  shows the distribution of the NTSR1 and NTS Z-score within the cohort. For both markers, this distribution was homogenously dispersed among the specimens. Kaplan-Meier analysis of the progression-free survival (PFS) for this dataset showed that a high NTSR1 mRNA expression (the z-score above the 90th percentile), was associated with a significantly worse prognosis (P ¼ 0. 019) with a median survival of 13. 31 and 17. 51 months, respectively. FIGO stages were available in 484 patients. Twenty-four (4. 9%) tumors were FIGO stage II (3 stage IIa, 4 stage IIb, 17 stage IIc), 381 (78.
8%) tumors were FIGO stage III (7 stage IIIa, 21 stage IIIb, 353 stage IIIc), and 79 (16. 3%) were stage IV. NTSR1 mRNA expression was significantly increased in higher stages (P ¼ 0. 01 for IV and IIIc stages vs. others; Fig. 2B ; Supplementary Data). In the same vein, NTSR1 expression was higher within grade 3 as compared with grade 2 (Fig. 2C ; Supplementary Data). Platinum status was available in 287 patients; 90 (26. 1%) patients were resistant and 197 (57. 1%) were sensitive. NTSR1 mRNA higher expression was significantly associated with platinum-resistant status (P ¼ 0. 0076), whereas NTS mRNA expression was not different for the resistant or the sensitive groups (Fig. 6E ). Interestingly, in this dataset, the expression of NTSR1 was inversely correlated with NTSR3 (P ¼ 0. 006; Fig.
A, The mRNA quantification by qRT-PCR of three major transporters involved in the efflux of carboplatin: ATP7A, ATP7B, and MRP2. The RNA was extracted from SKOV3 cells treated with 150 mmol/L carboplatin, 2 mmol/L SR48692, or both for 24 hours. 18S and 36B4 were used for the normalization. In a two-way ANOVA statistical analysis, Ã , P < 0. 05. B, The protein expression of ATP7A, ATP7B, and MRP2 was analyzed by Western blot from SKOV3 cells treated as described above. Graph, semiquantitation of the band intensity, performed by ImageJ software, from three independent experiments. In a two-way ANOVA statistical analysis, Ã , P < 0. 05. C, Cellular localization of ATP7A, in SKOV3 cells after exposure to 500 mmol/L carboplatin with or without 5 mmol/L SR48692 for 1 hour. Cells were fixed and then stained with ATP7A antibody (red) and nuclei were counterstained with DAPI in blue.
Graph, distribution of the red particles (ATP7A) according to their size in pixels; counting was performed in 50 cells treated with carboplatin or carboplatin and SR48692 with Fiji software. with the other groups. Clearly, blocking NTSR1 activation changed the cellular homeostasis of cancer cells to become more responsive to the chemotoxic drug. Several possible mechanisms to boost the sensitization to chemotherapy were investigated. Carboplatin acts through the formation of DNA adduct, followed by apoptosis induction as a cellular response to DNA damage. Before reaching the DNA, carboplatin enters the cell via passive infusion or is facilitated by active uptake with a number of transport proteins. Platinum can be extruded from the cells by the GS-X pumps (MRP 1-5) after chelation with glutathione or via the copper efflux system (ATP7A/B; ref.
Acknowledgments We thank  Dr. Neil Insdorf  for his kind help in editing the manuscript. Many thanks go to  Mr. J. Hotton  for statistical analysis. We thank  Sylvie Dumont  and  Fatiha Merabtene  ( UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMS_30 LUMIC, St Antoine Histomorphology Platform, F-75012 ) for their excellent assistance with the IHC. We thank  Tatiana Ledent  and other staff in the animal facility of St. Antoine hospital. We sincerely acknowledge the microscopy platform SCM ( Service Commun de Microscopie -Facult e des Sciences Fondamentales et Biom edicales -Paris ).
For this purpose, we used a damage testing setup equipped with a probe beam that monitors damage sites growth during the shots sequence and captures time-resolved images during the sequence. Laser damage sites as well as engineered sites were considered. They respectively correspond to damage sites initiated by laser irradiations and sites produced with a milling process. Both kinds of sites were tested on this system to measure the growth coefficient at different fluences. Experiments and results are presented in Section 2. A numerical model using COMSOL FEM software  [15]  described in Section 3 was built to estimate the electric field distribution during damage growth on engineered defects. The interest of engineered defects is that their morphology is fully known in contrast with laser damage sites.
Principle of the model An easy way to model the engineered damage sites was to consider a hole with smooth edges and bottom on the top of a multilayer interference structure. A 2D geometry was implemented with the COMSOL software  [15]. Two COMSOL plugins were used to simulate the damage growth phenomenon whose principle is summarized on Fig. 7 : the radio-frequency module and the LiveLink with Matlab  [22]. The first plugin uses a Finite Element Method to solve Maxwell's equations in the frequency domain and thus calculates the Electric field distribution inside a mirror structure. The mirror structure was meshed so that the cells size in the layers was less than onetwentieth of the working wavelength. To avoid long calculation time, the total size of the 2-D geometry was limited to 20*14µm 2.
(  2 ). It is represented in Fig. 7 (c ). In the given example, one can observe that most part of the structure withstood laser irradiation at fluence higher than 1. 5J/cm 2. However, some points at the right of the initial hole showed a fluence threshold lower than 1J/cm 2. One input parameter of the model was the incident fluence. Thus, by considering an incident fluence of 1J/cm 2 , the part of the structure that withstood this fluence was left unchanged whereas the other was removed. This distinction was done using Matlab function with the LiveLink plugin. After running COMSOL radio-frequency module, we ran Matlab to express the new mirror surface as an interpolated function that modifies the optical index by setting it equal to 1 in the removed area. Finally, Matlab was used to iterate the calculation.
The most current recommendations consider associating TOF monitoring and clinical judgment  [11]. The accurate posology of NMBAs to use during ARDS treatment is still unknown. High doses were used in the RCTs that showed a benefit to prognosis. A current study, trying to revaluate the role of cisatracurium during ARDS (ROSE study, NCT02509078), uses the same posology. Recent guidelines  [11]  recommend the use of continuous NMBA infusion in ARDS patients with a PaO 2 /FiO 2 ratio under 150 but do not suggest any dosage. In a study by Bouju et al. [12] , the cisatracurium dosage used was much lower than in the ACURASYS study. However, under-paralysis was frequently diagnosed by TOF, depending on the site of monitoring, including when voluntary efforts or patient-asynchrony was not diagnosed by clinicians.
Results Identification of novel ovarian-predominant miRNAs using microarray. To identify ovarian-predominant miRNAs in medaka, we performed a miRNA microarray experiment using a generic microarray that displayed a large repertoire of vertebrate miRNA sequences as previously described  20. The workflow applied to analyse the resulting dataset is described in Fig. 1. Of the 3800 miRNAs present on the microarray, 66 miR-NAs (corresponding to 71 probes) exhibited a significant ovarian-predominant expression (> 2-fold, p < 0. 005, Fig. 2 , Supplemental Fig. S1 ). Thirty-four of these miRNAs probes corresponded to human sequences, 16 to mice sequences, 14 to rat sequences, 4 to zebrafish sequences, 2 to chicken sequences and 1 to a medaka sequence. For further analysis, we selected 20 miRNAs displaying dramatic ovarian-predominant expression (> 10-fold, p < 0.
Identification of cognate medaka miRNA genes. To identify the cognate medaka miRNA sequences, we searched the medaka genome for miRNA genes that were orthologous to the miRNA sequences identified in the microarray analysis. For the 20 ovarian-predominant miRNAs candidates, corresponding sequences were aligned (BLAST) on the medaka genome. All 20 miRNAs had at least one match in the medaka genome with at least 90% identity over 86% of the query length. The best hits (from 2 to 4 depending on the candidate) were considered as potential loci for being the corresponding medaka miRNA gene(s) (Table  1 ). The surrounding genomic regions were used as templates to determine the potential whole precursor sequences and the secondary structures were computed for these sequences. In silico prediction of the hairpin structures supported the identification of 11 loci that encode for 10 miRNAs (Supplemental Fig.