dataesr/scientific-paragraphs-categorization huggingface dataset:
Procedures and outcomes Consenting participants completed face-to-face interviews with trained research assistants in local dialects. Data were collected using mobile data collection apps (Open Data Kit in Kenya and Mobenzi Researcher in Tanzania and Malawi), which allowed mandatory data entry to be programmed for selected variables to prevent missing responses and for periodic quality checks to be made on the data being collected. For the primary exposure variable, we asked every participant whether they had ever drank alcohol regularly (ie, at least one drink per week for 6 months). Participants who responded to having ever drunk alcohol were then asked questions on details of their consumption habits separately for different alcoholic drinks. For each drink, we asked participants how old they were at first and last consumption, to calculate drinking duration for each type of beverage.
For each drink i , based on the questionnaire data provided on frequency and volumes of consumption, weekly ethanol consumption was calculated: EtOH i =(V i × EtOH% × 0•79), in which EtOH i is ethanol intake (g per week), V i is the volume (mL per week), EtOH% is the ethanol concentration (presented as a decimal), and 0•79 is the specific gravity of ethanol. Ethanol concentrations for each type of drink were For the study protocol see https://esccape. iarc. who. int/ program-of-work/ See Online for appendix 3 obtained from external literature and are summarised in appendix 3 (p 2). Average weekly ethanol intake (g per week) across all drinks was then calculated, considering that there are overlapping periods when different drinks were consumed: in which D i is the drinking duration of an individual drink (years) and D T is the total duration a person drank any alcohol (years).
Acknowledgments ESCCAPE would like to acknowledge all participants for their time, and the support of study interviewers and endoscopy and laboratory staff at the  Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre ,  Moi Teaching  and  Referral Hospital, Eldoret , and the  Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Central, Moshi. The study was funded by the  US National Cancer Institute  ( R21CA19165 ),  Wereld Kanker Onderzoek Fonds  ( 2018/1795 ), and the  IARC Environment and Lifestyle Epidemiology Branch. In instances in which authors are identified as personnel of the IARC or WHO, the authors alone are responsible for the views expressed in this Article and they do not necessarily represent the decisions, policy, or views of these organisations.
Detection of vulnerable plaque has been one of the main focuses of OCT research. There is ongoing controversy on detection of vulnerable plaque and preemptive local treatment. 75 Clinical outcomes of preemptive stenting are being investigated in the PREVENT study, in which patients with high-risk features identified by IVUS, near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), or OCT are randomized to PCI plus medication vs. medication alone (NCT02316886). Detection of vulnerable plaque may help to identify patients who benefit from aggressive prevention treatments such as PCSK9 inhibitors or anti-inflammatory therapies. This topic is detailed in the Supplementary Material.
91, 92   ressure-derived invasive indices have been accepted as the gold standard for invasive ischemia assessment. 91, 93   randomized trial that included angiographically intermediate stenosis demonstrated a lower occurrence of adverse events in OCT-guided PCI than in FFR-guided PCI. 94 The impact of the addition of OCT to FFR on clinical outcomes is being investigated in a randomized trial (NCT02989740). 95 7] [98]  A slight superiority of OCT over IVUS for the detection of FFR-positive lesions has been reported. 99, 100   ptical flow ratio (OFR) is an OCT-based method for functional assessment of coronary stenosis based on computational fluid dynamics. OFR showed an excellent agreement with FFR and was superior to MLA in the detection of physiologically significant stenosis. 101, 102   st-PCI OFR showed good diagnostic concordance with post-PCI FFR.
103 Further studies are warranted on this topic. OCT for bifurcation lesions-OCT provides useful guidance in the treatment of bifurcation lesions. 104 OCT depicts an ostial lesion in bifurcation without overlap and foreshortening, which frequently occur on angiograms. Three-dimensional reconstruction can be used to understand the geometry and morphology of bifurcation lesions. Following stent implantation, OCT can guide the re-crossing of guide wires through stent struts jailing the side branch ostium (Supplementary Figure  4 ), and confirm optimization of bifurcation segments, the clinical significance of which is being tested in the OCTOBER study (NCT03171311). 105 A randomized trial demonstrated that three-dimensional-OFDIguidance was superior to angiography-guidance in terms of acute stent apposition at bifurcation.
The survey was implemented through the REDCap survey and database management system  [20, 21]  and was hosted at Emory University. In March 2021, we extended this initial survey by including questions related to the COVID-19 vaccination. In addition to the information above, our extended survey now includes questions related to vaccination status (e. g. , vaccinated yes/no, how many doses of which vaccine, reasons for not being vaccinated), side effects after vaccination, and breakthrough infections. The updated survey was translated into seven different languages and distributed in Europe, Asia, United States, Canada, and Latin America through clinical routes (e. g. , Down syndrome medical interest group listservs and health service providers) and Down syndrome associations in the US, India, Spain, UK, France, Italy, Germany, Canada, Brazil, and Spanish-speaking Latin America, and DS registries (e.
g. , NIH DS-Connect ® ), as well as via the T21RS website. Each institution that planned to disseminate the survey within health services obtained IRB/ethics approval (Table  S1 ). The study was performed according to the Declaration of Helsinki and national guidelines and regulations for data privacy, and all participants provided informed consent. All data were anonymized according to good clinical practice guidelines and data protection regulations. For this analysis, we included data from all participants that were entered between 1 March 2021 and 12 December 2021.
Furthermore, our survey only included a small number of participants who were unvaccinated by choice (107 individuals with DS), which could have limited the statistical power of our analysis to detect differences in comorbidities. Our observation that younger adults and children age 12-17 years with DS were more likely to be unvaccinated by choice is in line with data from the general population  [29, 33]. Reasons for this observation may include the fact that less time has passed since approval of the COVID-19 vaccines for children than for adults, which gave people less time to become familiar with the research on safety and efficacy of vaccines in this age group, and the general assumption that children and young adults do not become severely ill with COVID-19. However, our previous survey has shown that children with DS are at a much higher risk for severe COVID-19 than children from the general population  [18] , which demonstrates the importance of vaccinating children with DS against COVID-19.
Data Collection The questionnaire comprised 39 questions regarding sociodemographic and medical information, including questions addressing therapeutic adherence and iatrogenesis risk. The questionnaire was developed and approved by a multidisciplinary board of experts, including a psychiatrist and a cardiovascular specialist. It was also approved by 2 Carenity members to ensure that the proposed questions were appropriate for the target audience. Data collected on the Carenity platform are hosted in France on a secured computer server in accordance with the Commission Nationale de l'Informatique et des Libertés, declaration number no 1484083, dated March 29, 2011.
Patient Lifestyle and Risk Level Information was collected on the following 4 behavioral risk factors most associated with NCDs: tobacco use, excessive alcohol consumption, unhealthy diet, and physical inactivity  [2]. Height and weight data were also recorded for each patient to calculate BMI. Nutritional status was classified based on patient BMI (weight [kg]/height squared [m 2 ]) according to World Health Organization recommendations: underweight (BMI < 18. 5), normal weight (BMI 18. 5-24. 9), overweight (BMI 25-29. 9), and obese (BMI ≥ 30)  [21]. Patients were then categorized into 3 risk level groups. The risk level of each patient was based on the following 5 risk factors: age ≥65 years, BMI ≥ 30, occasional or regular smoking, daily alcohol consumption or consumption of at least 6 drinks every week, and physical inactivity.
Patients were then grouped into the following 4 compliance categories based on the total points: perfectly adherent (0 points), mostly adherent (1-2 points), partially adherent (3-7 points), and poorly adherent (≥8 points). Information was also collected on adherence reporting, including frequency of doctor notifications and reasons patients did not consult with their doctors. Finally, data were also collected on solutions implemented by patients to improve disease management, such as tools used and types of assistance received, and additional patient needs.
Principal Findings Web-based communities represent an increasingly popular and accessible platform for patients to learn about their condition and participate in clinical studies  [22]. These web-based patient communities also provide researchers access to data about specific patient populations that are demographically representative. These tools enable the assessment of data concerning patient behavior, experiences, and well-being in all aspects of their lives (medical, professional, and personal), which are difficult to observe using other methods  [22]. The current study focused on perceptions of iatrogenic risk and treatment adherence in patients with cardiovascular diseases, mental disorders, or both cardiovascular diseases and mental disorders. All patients were registered on the largest web-based Carenity patient community in France.
Limitations A few study limitations should be mentioned. As the study was based on data collected via a web-based survey, it may exclude patients who are not comfortable using or do not have access to internet or a computer or who are non-French speakers living in France. The underrepresentation of older patients in the Carenity community and the overrepresentation of patients who are actively concerned about their health may have also led to selection bias. Moreover, patient characteristics and medication adherence were assessed using self-reported measures, which may have led to recall bias. Finally, the group of patients with both cardiovascular diseases and mental disorders could not be included in the statistical analysis because of the small number of patients in the group. Patients with multiple NCDs should be included in future studies because they are at an increased risk of iatrogenic disease  [18].
From the FerrDb website database (the first database of ferroptosis genes and ferroptosis-diseases associations) or MSigDB and public databases, several studies presented here systematically investigated the correlation between ferroptosis-related genes and tumor patient prognosis and establish/validate a novel prognostic model of tumor patient based on ferroptosis-related gene (FRG) signature in order to develop individualized treatments and to improve their overall survival. Tian et al. validated their 7-FRG prognostic signature (including ALOX12B, ALOX15, GPX2, DDIT4, GDF15, SLC2A1, RRM2) in lung adenocarcinoma. For overall survival prediction in patients with breast cancer, Zhu et al. and Li et al. , developed and validated a novel robust FRG panel, consisting with the 11-gene core (CISD1, TP63, BRD4, PROM2, EMC2, G6PD, PI3KCA, FLT3, IFNG, ANO6, SLC1A4) and the 9-gene core (ALDH3A2, SIAH2, G6PD, SLC1A4, FLT3, SQLE, EGLN2, SFXN5, CHAC1), respectively.
The platform moved at a speed of 0. 1 rad s -1. The droplet profile and especially the contact angle (CA) were extracted from the complete droplet 360 • rotation leading to approximately 80 measurements per droplet. The first CA measurements were carried out 1 month after laser processing and after an ultrasonic bath cleaning (demineralized water for 15 min). The second step of CA measurements was performed on the same samples, 24 h after a sterilization procedure in which the samples received an ultrasonic bath cleaning (demineralized water for 15 min), and an autoclave treatment at 134 • C for 19 min in specific bags, in accordance with dental implant industrial standards. The data represent the measurements from 4 consecutive, individuals and contact-less droplets on each surface. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to visualize and characterize the different laser-induced patterns.
Unsurprisingly in view of the above, most limnoterrestrial rhabdocoels are only known from their original description (for an overview, see  Van Steenkiste et al. 2010). Traditionally, most of these species were assigned to 'Protoplanellinae  ' Reisinger, 1924 , a heterogeneous subfamily of 'Typhloplanidae  ' Graff, 1905 (Dalytyphloplanida, Willems, Wallberg, Jondelius, Littlewood, Backeljau, Schockaert & Artois, 2006). Van Steenkiste et al. 2013  included four representatives of 'Protoplanellinae' in the first-ever molecular phylogenetic analysis covering this taxon. Even from this small dataset, it already appears that neither 'Protoplanellinae' nor 'Typhloplanidae' constitute monophyletic groupings (Fig. 1 ). This finding was confirmed from a more extensive dataset in the PhD thesis of the first author  (Houben, 2013, unpublished) , and these taxa still await revision.
In the last fifteen years, members of our research group have collected microturbellarians from their limnic and limnoterrestrial habitats in Europe and North America. During these sampling campaigns, we have uncovered a large diversity of rhabdocoel species belonging to different dalytyphloplanid subtaxa. In this contribution, we treat those species traditionally classified within 'Typhloplanidae', including one new species that could not be placed in any existing genus. For the latter, we hence propose a new genus. As most typhloplanids are only known from their original description, which in several cases lacks detail, we provide as much new data on morphology as could be retrieved from the newly collected material.
Results and discussion An extensive molecular phylogenetic analysis of limnoterrestrial rhabdocoels is lacking to date. Few species were included in the analyses of  Van Steenkiste et al. 2013, already  showing that the current classification does not reflect the evolutionary history of these animals (Fig. 1 ). No specimens were available to conduct a new DNA-based analysis in the present study. Hence, the following taxonomical discussion is exclusively based on morphology. In the absence of a comprehensive molecular dataset, we refrain from postulating a new classification for these species and for the time being assign our species to the traditional subtaxa. In 'Typhloplanidae' and 'Protoplanellinae', classification proved extremely complex in the past, which is reflected in the fact that there are several monotypic genera, mostly diagnosed by a unique combination of characters.
Acknowledgments We thank all the personnel of the LPDG especially those of the diagnosis team:  Davy C. Angoune -Ndong ,  Andrei Moto-Allogo ,  Joel A. Pigna-Nzingui ,  Davy U. L. Mouangala ,  Lovell V. Mve-Obame , Celine  Moussounda-Kombila ,  Pierrick Mikelet-Boussoukou  and  AndreJ. Dongmo-Ntoutoume  for their technical assistance. We are very grateful to  Sevidzem Silas Lendzele  for the editing of grammar and clarity of language.
Ubiquitination involves three types of enzymes (E1, E2, E3) acting sequentially to attach ubiquitin (Ub) to target proteins. This post-translational modi cation controls key cellular processes like the degradation of proteins, endocytosis, subcellular localization and activity of proteins. The ubiquitination, which can be reversed by deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs), plays important roles during brain development. Furthermore, deregulation of the Ub system is linked to the pathogenesis of various diseases including neurodegenerative disorders. We have used a publicly available RNAseq database to conduct an extensive genome-wide gene expression analysis of the core components of the Ub machinery, covering Ub genes as well as E1, E2, E3 and DUB genes. The ubiquitination network was merely governed by Uba1 and Ube2m, the predominant E1 and E2 genes, respectively.
Moreover, alterations of the Ub pathway is thought to contribute to neurodevelopmental, cognitive and age-related neurodegenerative diseases [8]  [11]. It is thus of paramount importance to understand how the Ub system participates in normal brain formation and development. The aim of this study was to provide an extensive and detailed overview of the expression pattern of genes coding for the major actors mediating the ubiquitination and deubiquitination during the formation of the cerebral cortex in mice. The data presented rely on a published RNAseq database  [12]  covering 4 stages of cortical development and corresponding to: the beginning (embryonic day 11, E11), the peak (E13), and the end of neurogenesis (E17), followed by the beginning of the maturation process and neuronal circuit assembly (post-natal day 1, PN1)  [13]   [14].
Materials And Methods The analysis is based on a published RNASeq gene expression dataset at the ages of E11, E13, E17 and PN1  [12] , re ecting the period of cerebral cortex formation in the mouse brain. The complete dataset is freely accessible on the GEO repository with the accession number GSE154677. Throughout this study, results are expressed in transcripts per million (TPM), mean +/-standard error of mean (SEM).
RBR Ub ligases This family gathers a small number of E3 Ub ligases. Fourteen RBR E3 genes were analyzed (Arih1, Arih2, Ankib1, Park2, Rbck1, Rnf14, Rnf19a, Rnf19b, Rnf31, Rnf144a, Rnf144b, Rnf216, and Rnf217) (Fig. 3 ). The number of transcripts of Park2 and Rnf144b genes were below the detection limit. It is worth recalling that Park2 encodes Parkin, a protein controlling mitophagy via the ubiquitination of mitochondrial proteins. Mitochondria can however be recycled via an Ub-independent pathway involving the speci c autophagy receptors FUNDC1, BNIP3, and NIX  [40]. Interestingly, the RNAseq dataset indicates that even if at low levels the Fundc1, Bnip3 and Nix (Bnip3l) genes were all expressed. They displayed TPM values of 10 (Fundc1), 11 (Bnip3), and 50 (Nix/Bnip3l). Based on these results, it is proposed that, in the embryonic cerebral cortex mitophagy develops independently of Parkin but via an ubiquitin-independent process.
B. 3. Fanconi anemia (FA) E3 The classi cation of the components of the Fanconi anemia (FA) complex was established according to  [73]  and the Fanconi anemia mutation database https://www2. rockefeller. edu/fanconi/). The following modules were considered: DNA anchor complex, core complex, the ubiquitinated ID2 complex (FANCI/FAND2), nucleases, DNA repair factor and other actors (Fig. 8 ). Altogether, twenty-seven FA genes were retained, including genes (Faap20, Faap24, Faap100) coding for regulatory subunits associated to the core complex. The expression of fourteen genes was repressed during embryonic development. Five genes were exclusively expressed during the neurogenesis period (E11-E13): Fanca, fancd2, Fanci, Fancn, and Fanco. Moreover, transcripts of four genes were found exclusively between E11 and E17 but not at PN1: Fancb, Fancr (Rad51), Fancs ( Brca1) and Fanct (Ube2t).
Conclusions The contribution of the Ub system has been studied using various lines of embryonic stem cells and their differentiation into neural precursor cells. Here, no cell lines was employed, data were extracted from a RNAseq database  [12]  and allowed us to detect transcriptomic changes of the core components of the Ub system during the formation of the cerebral cortex in mice. This permitted to describe the transcriptomic landscape of the whole tissue. This approach revealed the large repertoire of components of the Ub system at work during embryogenesis. One striking result was the extremely high level of expression of the Ub genes, notably Ubb and Rps27a. They belong to the 100 most expressed genes of the cortical wall. Our ndings illustrate that the intricate ubiquitination network was merely governed by the E1 gene Uba1 that was 20 to 90 times more expressed than the other E1 gene Uba6.
Figures Figure  1  Expression of genes involved in the synthesis of Ub and Ub-like proteins, and of the genes coding for E1 and E2 enzymes. Throughout this report, the data shown were extracted from a genome wide transcriptome sequencing (RNA-Seq)  [12]. The original database is freely available on the GEO repository (www. ncbi. nlm. nih. gov/geo/) with the accession number GSE154677. The analysis covers the temporal pattern of expression of the major genes of the Ub system. RNAs were extracted from the cerebral cortex of mice at four stages: embryonic days 11 (E11), 13 (E13), and 17 (E17), and post-natal day 1 (PN1). RNA abundance is shown in transcripts per million (TPM) and only genes having TPM value ≥ 2 were considered as actively transcribed as already shown  [23]. Figure  1  shows the expression of genes involved in the synthesis of Ub (A), Ub-like proteins (B), and of the genes coding for Ub-activating enzymes E1 (C), and Ub-conjugating enzymes E2 (D).
Funding: The work receives support from the  Centre National de la Recherche Scienti que (CNRS) ,  Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA) ,  Université de Grenoble Alpes (UGA). This project received funding from  GRAL , a program from the  Chemistry Biology Health (CBH) Graduate School of University Grenoble Alpes  ( ANR-17-EURE-0003 ).
6) from New Caledonia were French of Kanak origin. They all lived on the mainland, in the Northern Province, in the towns of Koumac (west coast) and its surroundings, but also in the towns of Ouéga and Poindimié and its surroundings (east coast). They all were French speakers but their mother tongue was a Kanak vernacular language, mainly the Nemi and Nixumwak languages 7 (for simplicity we will refer to them hereafter as "Kanak participants"). 6 Written informed consent to participate in this study was provided by the participants. All data was collected anonymously. The experiment was reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee of the P-A-R-I-S Association. The Ethics statement can be obtained here: https://osf. io/6hdxs/. 7 There are about 17 vernacular languages and 6 dialects in the Northern Province.
Procedure For all conditions (WCF, WCK, KCF, and KCK), data collection was carried out in several stages with groups of participants. For WCF, WCK, and KCF, it was carried out in a vocational training center during practical work, whereas for KCK the data collection took place during different visits, according to the events (births, marriages, deaths, visits) of the inhabitants, after having proceeded to a custom of "good morning. " 9 The procedure was that of  Knetsch (1989). For the four conditions the participants were randomly distributed in the three following groups: 1. P Group evaluated the preference of the objects A and B. Participants were asked to choose which of object A or object B they wished to receive. To assess the preference between 9 When meeting Kanak friends, the custom is to exchange a mat, a banknote, etc.