dataesr/scientific-paragraphs-categorization huggingface dataset:
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The authors warmly thank the farmers who allowed us to collect mites in their henhouse, Jon Walton (ADAS, UK) for sampling and shipping the mites from the United Kingdom, as well as S. Chamaillé-Jammes (CEFE, Montpellier, France) for advice in the choice of methods for the analysis of spatialized data and B. Lapeyre (CEFE) for advice during the first phases of the design of the MiteMap system. L.
myspecies. info/node/2456). This part of the border between Brazil and French Guiana had been surveyed by the French National Geographical Institute (Institut Geographique National -IGN) in  1956 -57. Later, in 1961-62 -62  the binational Brazil/ France border commission oversaw the construction of seven milestones on selected sites to demarcate the border (Le  Tourneau 2017). One method to facilitate the identification of sterile plant material is DNA barcoding, which consists of extracting and sequencing short orthologous DNA sequences for each collected plant, and comparing the obtained sequences to a publicly available reference database (GenBank, maintained by the National Center for Biotechnology Information; https://www. ncbi. nlm. nih. gov/genbank/). This method has proven to be effective for the identification of animal species  (Hebert et al.
MATERIAL AND METHODS The 2015 expedition involved 20 people (including 15 from the 3 rd Infantry Regiment of the Foreign Legion, part of the Forces Armées de Guyane) and lasted six weeks, with a weekly re-supply of food (Kew youtube 2016). Milestones were separated by 23-68 km, and given the rugged terrain, the team moved about 10 km per day. The route of the expedition was pre-planned but had to be adapted daily depending on local terrain conditions. A hand-held GPS unit (Garmin 62) logged the location of the route. The elevation data provided a good opportunity to test the altimetry data from the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) at 30 m resolution in a little-explored area, and on rugged terrain. Using a Tinytag data logger (temperature and humidity; Gemini data loggers, Scientific House, Terminus Rd, Chichester, UK), we monitored environmental conditions throughout the route.
The route of the expedition is plotted in Figure  1 (a-b ). Elevation measurements recorded with the GPS unit show that the terrain of the Tumucumaque range is rugged, with elevation varying between 200 m to 600 m a. s. l. (Figure  1c ). Visual impression of the forest along the route are shown with panoramic photographs (Supplementary Material, Figure  S1 ). Comparing ground data and SRTM data showed that the match in elevation was generally quite good, within 7. 9 m (standard deviation), but with a systematic bias: SRTM tends to overestimate the elevation by about 10. 6 m (Figure  1d ). The Tinytag data logger showed that mean temperature did not display a trend along the transect, but varied principally due to daily variations, from 21°C to 27°C, with a few peaks above 30°C when the team reached tabletop inselbergs (Figure  2 ).
Default options of Megabast were used, and for each sequence, the top hit was visually inspected in the resulting lookup table. The 193 rbcLa sequences were 328-681 nucleotides (nt) in length (three were less than 500 nt). Two sequences had a pairwise sequence similarity < 97%, and they were removed from subsequent analyses. The 227 matK sequences were 123-804 nucleotides in length (nine were less than 500 nt). Two sequences had a pairwise sequence similarity < 97%, and they were also removed from subsequent analyses. All sequences were submitted to NCBI, and GenBank accession numbers are available in the Supplementary Material, Tables  S1, S2.
3%) amplified for both markers. Matching to the NCBI reference database revealed that most of the specimens could be confidently identified to family. Comparing the identifications based on either rbcLa and matK revealed a corresponding match per sample in 98. 8% at the family level, 59. 1% at the generic level and 10. 7% at the species level. Tree taxa identified at the species level were Balizia pedicellaris (DC. ) Barneby & J. W. Grimes, Diospyros tetrandra Hiern, Leonia glycycarpa Ruiz & Pav. , Ormosia arborea (Vell. ) Harms, Pseudopiptadenia suaveolens (Miq. ) J. W. Grimes, Rhabdodendron amazonicum (Spruce ex Benth. ) Huber, Siparuna decipiens (Tul. ) A. DC, Theobroma cacao L. and Trymatococcus oligandrus (Benoist) Lanj. , and one species of liana (Hippocratea volubilis L. ). Interestingly, one sample was identified by both barcodes as Pouteria campechiana (Kuhn) Baehni, which is not native to the Amazon region (Awang-Kanak and Bakar 2018).
Likely determination One illustration of this problem is the identification of one of our specimens as Pouteria campechiana. In NCBI, many species in the genus Pouteria have the same matK and rbcL sequences, perhaps due to a relatively recent radiation of this clade within Sapotaceae, subfamily Chrysophylloideae  (De Faria et al. 2017). Our BLAST search against NCBI selected one of the possible species and happened to select one that does not occur in our study area, highlighting one of the problems of relying too much on DNA barcodes for species identification. To avoid this type of geographical bias, we could have downloaded the full NCBI database, select only the species known to occur in the study region, and then run the BLAST search on the regional subset. However, several species of Pouteria cooccur in this region, and this procedure would merely reduce geographical inconsistencies, and not resolve the issue with species identification for Sapotaceae.
2011). Non-functional ITS copies appear to have a lower GC content and are preferentially selected during PCR and sequencing, creating potential biases  (Besnard et al. 2009). Identification of trees in forest plots, using herbarium specimens, continues to be problematic. In an analysis of 60 plots in Western Amazonia, over the last 30 years, 25% of specimens were misidentified, and in some difficult genera 50% were incorrect  (Baker et al. 2017). One of the issues with species identification within our plots (through DNA barcoding) is that there are large numbers of plant species that have not yet been placed in the NCBI reference collection. Only 31% of known plants have sequences in Genbank, and these were fewer near the Equator  (Cornwell et al. 2019) , where our survey was carried out.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We are grateful to supporters and participants in the expedition and research, including the  Parc Amazonien de Guyane ,  Forces Armées de Guyane  (3rd  Foreign Infantry Regiment) ,  French National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS) ,  Ministry of the Interior, National Geographic Institute (IGN) ,  National Museum of Natural History (MNHN)  and the  IRD Herbarium in Cayenne (CAY). Sponsors included Airbus Defence and Space, Arianespace ,  Cofely Endel ,  Kew Foundation , and the  National Centre for Space Studies (CNES). This work has benefited from an " Investissement d'Avenir " grant managed by  Agence Nationale de la Recherche  (CEBA, ref. ANR-10-LABX-25-01 ).
Query coverage Sequence length % Identical sites % Pairwise identity %GC Bit-score Grade (%) Organism Accession number 1. 1 83. 51 770 99. 6 99. 7 35. 1 1410. 11 91. 6 Trichilia martiana JQ588367 1. 1 30. 91 285 99. 3 99. 6 38. 9 520. 029 65. 3 Protium costaricense GQ982071 1. 11 30. 91 285 99. 3 99. 6 38. 9 520. 029 65. 3 Protium costaricense GQ982071 1. 12* 86. 88 801 100. 0 100. 0 34. 2 1480. 29 93. 4 Forsteronia acouci EF456339 1. 13 82. 86 764 99. 9 99. 9 31. 5 1408. 27 91. 4 Trymatococcus oligandrus FJ037932 1. 16 84. 49 780 99. 5 99. 5 32. 4 1417. 5 92. 0 Castilla elastica KU856438 1. 18 84. 16 777 99. 7 99. 7 33. 5 1423. 04 92. 0 Pouteria campechiana KX426215 1. 2 58. 35 538 97. 0 98. 1 31. 8 933. 678 78. 2 Sterculia multiovula JQ626455 1. 2 83. 73 772 99. 7 99. 8 33. 2 1417. 5 91.
Climate data We used Climatic Research Unit 0. 5° grid resolution precipitation dataset version 4. 04  (CRU TS v. 4. 04; Harris et al. , 2020) , and CHIRPS precipitation data  (Funk et al. , 2015)  based on remote sensing and meteorological stations for the period 1981-2020 with a spatial resolution of 0. 05°x 0. 05°. Monthly regional precipitation anomalies for 1950-2008 were also developed by averaging precipitation data from 32 meteorological stations located in the study region (Table  S4 ;  Rodriguez-Caton et al. , 2021). We used 1º grid resolution ERA5 reanalysis temperature data  (Dee et al. , 2011).
Relationships between climate and  18 O tree-ring records We performed Pearson correlations between P. tarapacana  18 OTR chronologies and monthly precipitation anomalies for the common period 1950-2007 from August of the previous treegrowing season to May of the current growing season using the R package treeclim  (Zang and Biondi, 2015; R Core Team, 2020). The significance of the correlation coefficients was assessed by stationary bootstrapped confidence intervals  (Biondi and Waikul, 2004). Based on the results from monthly correlations we used January, February and March (JFM) precipitation for both CHIRPS (PPCHIRPS) and CRU (PPCRU) to develop spatial correlations with individual-site and composite-P. tarapacana  18 OTR chronologies using Spearman rank. Field correlations were also computed for JFM precipitation (PPIsoGSM) versus precipitation  18 O (PP  18 OIsoGSM) from the isotope-enabled IsoGSM reanalysis dataset, averaged over the location of our four study sites (three grid cells, since two locations shared a grid point).
Water Potential Water potential measurements were taken periodically over the seasons 2017 through 2020 on two vines each in the four blocks of Cabernet-Sauvignon, Grenache, Merlot, Semillon, Tempranillo and Ugni blanc. These varieties are some of the most widely planted varieties worldwide  (Anderson and Aryal, 2013). Merlot, Tempranillo and Semillon  (Rogiers et al. , 2009)  are known for being sensitive to drought stress, while Cabernet-Sauvignon and Grenache are renown for being less sensitive  (Santesteban et al. , 2009). No data were obtained on Grenache in 2018 because of downy mildew damage and measurements on Ugni blanc did not start until 2018. Measurements were collected at seven timepoints in 2017 and 2018 and six timepoints in 2019 and 2020. From each vine on each sampling date, three types of water potential were measured with leaf water potential (Ψ L ) and stem water potential (Ψ S ) measurements beginning at 2:00 p.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This study was carried out with support from  Jas. Hennessy & Co. (16100 Cognac, France). The VitAdapt Project is supported by the  Conseil Interprofessionnel des Vins de Bordeaux (CIVB) , the  Conseil Régional d'Aquitaine  and the  Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement (INRAE). This study has been carried out with financial support from the  French National Research Agency (ANR)  in the frame of the Investments for the future Programme, within the Cluster of  Excellence COTE  ( ANR-10-LABX-45 ). The authors would like to thank  INRAE ,  UEVB ,  F-33882 ,  Villenave d'Ornon, France , for its contribution to the maintenance of the VitAdapt experiment.
Tips were regenerated between samples by alternating between 10 s incubation in 10 mM Glycine at pH 3 and kinetics buffer 6 times. SARS-CoV-2 S1 protein coated streptavidin sensors in kinetics buffer was used for baseline subtraction. Data analysis was performed using the Octet data analysis software (version 10. 0. 1. 6) using a 1:1 interaction model curve fitting.
The media was exchanged after 24 h, and cells were further cultured for 72 h. Transduced cells were analysed for eGFP fluorescence by fluorescence microscopy (IX73 inverted microscope, Olympus equipped with DP73 camera, Olympus) and flow cytometry (Cytoflex, Beckman Coulter) and analysed using the CytExpert software. The infectivity of VLPs pre-incubated with rHA-ACE2 fusions or soluble ACE2 was normalized to the infectivity of VLPs pre-incubated with PBS. IC 50 values were determined using the Origin 2018 software.
Statistical analysis Experimental data was analysed using the Origin 2018 software and GraphPad Prism software v. 9. The respective conducted statistical tests are indicated in the corresponding figure and table legends. One-way ANOVA and Turkey's test were used for statistical analysis of BLI experiments and viral inhibition assay. Unpaired ttest was used for statistical analysis of the recycling assay. A minimum value of p < 0. 05 was considered statistically significant. To ensure reproducibility, all in vitro experiments were repeated at least 3 times.
Finite element model of KTU The finite element analysis of the representative wing component is performed using the commercial FE package ANSYS Workbench 20 R2. The numerical analysis has been performed before knowing the results of the experimental test, so a value of 500 kN has been chosen. The 500 kN loading is distributed uniformly through two rigid rectangular blocks on top of the structure along its width. The FE model established is illustrated in Fig. 8. The blocks may only move vertically, while the cylindrical supports are constrained in all directions. The contacting nodes of the representative wing structure, however, are allowed to translate along X and Z axis, and free to rotate around the Y axis. Composite plates at the top and the bottom are discretised with shell elements, while solid elements are used for other components.
Finite element model of BELGRADE The commercial FE software ANSYS Mechanical APDL 2019 R3 is used to analyse the wing component by static nonlinear analysis. Based on the full symmetry in the design, loading and constraints, the FE analysis is performed for only half of the structure with symmetry boundary conditions. The FE model is realised with a combination of shell, beam and solid elements. The wing component and the test rig are discretised with 3D 4-nodes shell elements (SHELL 181) and 2-nodes beam elements (BEAM 188), respectively while the two skin panels are modelled with 18-layers shell elements. The rectangular loading blocks and the circular supports are simulated as solid deformable steel bodies modelled with 8-nodes 3D brick solid elements (SOLID 185). The complete model comprises of 3315 finite elements with an average element size of about 50 mm.
Finite element model of POLITO The representative wing structure is analysed using the generalpurpose dynamic finite element code LS-DYNA. The specific solver adopted is LS-DYNA R11. 1 Single-Precision MPP architecture. An explicit non-linear quasi-static analysis is performed, and the model is fully discretised using shell elements with a combination of plates and boxes. Every component is represented by its mid-surface, and a specific z-offset is applied, taking the thickness into account. Standard shell elements are defined with ELFORM 16 (Fully-Integrated) and four Integration Points (NIP) through the thickness. The average mesh size selected for the entire model is 5 mm. The total amount of 2D shell elements for the entire structure is 880,364. In particular, 160,000 2D shell elements are adopted to define the two composite plates.
Acknowledgments This publication is based upon work from  COST Action CA18203 -Optimizing Design for Inspection  (ODINwww. odin-cost. com)supported by  COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technologywww. cost. eu). The activity at Politecnico di Torino was performed with the fundamental collaboration of Professor Enrico Cestino who is also involved in the research group activity. The activity at Cardiff University was performed with the fundamental support of  Professor Rhys Pullin  who is also coordinating  COST Action ODIN. The support of  Airbus and Welsh Government ,  Endeavr research program  (https://airbusendeavr. wales/) for the experimental activities is greatly appreciated.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This paper was completed as part of the  Cameroon TIPAs (Tropical Important Plant Areas)  project at  RBG ,  Kew , which is supported by  Players of People's Postcode Lottery. Formal redlisting of this species will be supported by the  John S. Cohen Foundation. Ekwoge Abwe  and  Bethan Morgan  and their team at the  Ebo Forest  programme are thanked hugely for making available the specimen and photos on which this paper is based and for expediting our botanical surveys in the Ebo Forest of Cameroon over several years which allowed us to give context about the Ebo Forest in this paper. San Diego Zoo Wildlife Alliance are thanked for facilitating use of the photos. We thank  Janis Shillito  for typing the manuscript and  Megan Griffiths  for drawing Figure 3. The heads of  IRAD (Institute of Research in Agronomic Development)-National Herbarium of Cameroon, Yaoundé , successively  Jean-Michel Onana ,  Florence Ngo Ngwe ,  Eric Nana  and  Jean Betti Lagarde , are thanked for co-ordinating the co-operation with the  Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
METHODOLOGY Science mapping, also known as bibliometric mapping, "monitor[s] a scientific field and delimit  [s]  research areas to determine [a field's] cognitive structure and its evolution"  (Cobo et al. , 2012 (Cobo et al. , , p. 1609)). We perform a science-mapping analysis using an open-source science-mapping software tool called the Science Mapping Analysis Software Tool (SciMAT) that allows users to analyze and track the Electronic copy available at: https://ssrn. com/abstract=4236578 3 for an example of a subtheme cluster network for the motor theme Sustainability in period 2. Due to space constraints, we do not show each theme's subtheme cluster network by period (they are available from the authors upon request). ***Insert Figure  1  About Here***.
Most studies included in our dataset take a strategic management research perspective and emphasize how sustainable management approaches can affect firm competitiveness  (Aragon-Correa, 1998; Hart, 1995; Marcus & Geffen, 1998; Maxwell et al, 1997; Rugman & Verbeke, 1998; Russo & Fouts, 1997; Sharma & Vredenburg, 1998). For example, the proposed business solutions to environmental problems include reducing costs or seeking market advantages through environmental differentiation strategies  (Hart, 1995; Reinhardt, 1998 Reinhardt, , 1999;; Shrivastava, 1995; Stead & Stead, 1995).
We retrieved published articles in the 'Business' category of the Web of Science (WoS) database which contained any of these keywords in the title, abstract or list of article keywords. 1  Due to space constraints, detail on the steps of data acquisition and pre-processing (step 2), as well as detection of themes and research impact analysis (step 3) are included in the Appendix. At the end of these steps, a total of 11,962 documents published between 1994 and 2021 remained in the dataset. Step 2. Themes visualization and categorization. In this last stage of the process the themes detected in each period by the clustering algorithm are visually represented in a strategic diagram of thematic networks. Each theme takes the name of the most central keyword (the one with the most connections to the other keywords in a given cluster).
Furthermore, planning and scheduling deficiencies  (Egwim et al. , 2021)  and poor communication among project participants  (Chen et al. , 2019)  have been identified as major factors that can lead to project delays and cost overruns  (Flyvbjerg, 2014)  and ultimately to claims and disputes  (Aravindhan et al. , 2021). Scheduling software packages, such as Primavera and Microsoft Project as well as planning techniques like bar charts, time charts, and network approaches, have been used for some time to assist and help project managers in planning construction projects  (Chen et al. , 2012). Further advances have been made possible with the advent of Building Information Modelling (BIM), which has the potential to assist project managers in expediting their duties more effectively than in the past.
4D building information modelling and project planning Such digital representation is multi-dimensional, or "nD", where each so-called dimension indicates information-processing capacities for various aspects of design, construction and operation  (Koutamanis, 2020). The "fourth" BIM dimension (4D BIM) incorporates timerelated project information in the 3D information model to simulate and optimise the project construction process  (Ding et al. , 2014). In practical terms, this consists in linking units of work or elements in the form of objects from the geometric 3D model to the construction scheduling activities using proprietary software, such as Navisworks or Synchro Pro  (Staub-French and Khanzode, 2007) ,  (Mazars and Francis, 2020). This can be a solution to overcoming many deficiencies of current planning practices  (Sheikhkhoshkar et al.
Introduction to the study and its contribution This paper extends 4D BIM literature by presenting empirical evidence on the implementation and use of 4D BIM tools during the construction phase of an educational building, and particularly, tackling two related research gaps. First, the existing software tools of creating 4D BIM models are either: 1) relatively easy to use but not suitable for the full range of construction site planning functions. For instance, the Hardin and McCool approach, which proposes a solution around the Navisworks software and its TimeLiner module  (Staub-French and Khanzode, 2007; Hardin and McCool, 2015) ,  4D Virtual Builder (4D Virtual Builder, 2022)  as well as Vico Office software  (Vico Office, 2016)  are all known to be 4D BIM tools that are easy to use and enable creating 4D video animations usually used to communicate with the client, however they fail to implement advanced 4D functionalities, such as spatial conflict detection and workspace congestion avoidance; 2) reasonably suitable for such purposes but involve a laborious and timeconsuming learning and manual conversion of 3D models processes as in the case of the Synchro Pro software  (Mazars and Francis, 2020; Nechyporchuk and Bašková, 2020).
Structure of the paper The remainder of the paper is organized into five parts. After a brief review of planning on construction projects in general, Section 2 reviews the literature on the use of 4D BIM, concluding in the identification of remaining barriers and problems for investigation. In Section 3, the sources of empirical data are introduced, including a background to the construction of a new building at the CESI campus in Nanterre, Paris. This project both prompted the overall study and was to provide a real case for the application of a proposed approach to the process of 4D BIM implementation. Section 4 includes a short survey of 4D BIM practice in France. The CESI 4DBIM methodology is detailed in Section 5 and its more general applicability to the construction industry is discussed in Section 6 alongside its implications for industry, its limitations, and the future work envisaged by the research team.
Many of these methods have been subjected to refinements in the way they are visualized  (McKinney and Fischer, 1998) , or, as in the case of Lean-based approach, in their overarching production philosophy  (Aziz and Hafez, 2013). 2. 1 The benefits of using 4D building information modelling in the management of a construction project BIM makes it possible to design, build and operate a project over its entire life cycle  (Sacks et al. , 2018). It involves a collaborative process within a construction company and between project partners around a digital model. It is a technical database, made up of objects defined by their characteristics and the relationships between them. Typically, this incorporates the design work of multiple specialisms, including architecture, structural engineering, and mechanicalelectrical-plumbing (MEP) systems.