dataesr/scientific-paragraphs-categorization huggingface dataset:
, 2018 ; Ren et al. , 2019 ) , gene expression  ( Shimogori et al. , 2018 ; Yamamori and Rockland, 2006 )  and other modalities, but such a fusion across in vivo and ex vivo datasets has yet to occur. For the mouse, the success of two separate teams in identifying very similar 41-area parcellations  ( G ăm ănu ţ et al. , 2018 ; Harris et al. , 2019 )  was based mainly on postmortem architectonics using multiple markers (and tangentially-sliced cortical flat mounts) plus additional information about connectivity and topographic organization. There are daunting challenges in applying these lessons to the macaque and generating a cortical parcellation that approaches groundtruth and exploits use of both invasive and non-invasive data. Here, we outline our general thoughts and observations on what it will likely take to succeed.
The results of the neuroimaging studies generated by this collaboration will be made publically available from BALSA ( https://balsa. wustl. edu/ ). Unprocessed data will be made publicly available through PRIME-DE ( http://fcon_1000. projects. nitrc. org/ indi/indiPRIME. html ) after publication. The preprocessing pipeline, HCP-NHP pipeline, is currently maintained at an independent github repository ( https://github. com/Washington-University/NHPPipelines ), but will be merged into the main HCP Pipelines repository for ease of maintenance in the future. The imaging and anesthesia protocols are available at RIKEN Brain/MINDS-beyond site ( https://brainmindsbeyond. riken. jp/hcp-nhp-protocol ). The neuroanatomical atlases and connectivity data from individual cases in their native configuration will also be shared as much as is feasible (i.
e. , relative to histological section contours) and after registration to the Yerkes19 atlas. Data sharing will be via Core-Nets ( https://corenets. org/ ) and the BALSA database ( https://balsa. wustl. edu ), and will use 'scene files' in Connectome Workbench format as the primary way of organizing each dataset  ( Van Essen et al. , 2017 ). Indeed, some of the datasets presented here are accessible via https://balsa. wustl. edu/study/show/Klr0B Online access to the unparcellated datasets will allow others to re-parcellate the data according to their preferred criteria. We will also share the genetics and behavioral data at the RIKEN Brain/MINDS-beyond site ( https://brainminds-beyond. riken. jp ) along with neuroimaging data to accelerate multi-site collaboration for larger samples of NHPs, as is being performed in ongoing human neuroimaging projects such as the ABCD  ( Casey et al.
Acknowledgements This study is supported by a grant Brain/MINDS -beyond from  Japan Agency of Medical Research and Development ( AMED )  (  JP20dm0307006h0002  ) (T. H. , M. I. M. ), grant  KAKENHI  from  MEXT  ( 19H04904 ) (M. I. M. ),  NIH  Grant  MH060974  (D. C. V. E. ),  RF1 MH116978  (E. Y. ),  NIH  Grant  P50NS098573  (E. Y. ) and  Wellcome Trust  (S. M. S. ). The grants from  SBRI  are  LABEX CORTEX ANR -11 -LABX -0042 ;  Université de Lyon   ANR -11 -IDEX -0007 ,  A2P2MC ANR -17 -NEUC -0004 ,  CORTICITY ANR -17 -HBPR -0003 ,  Région Auvergne -Rhône -Alpes   SCUSI 1700933701 (H. K. ) ,  Chinese Academy of Sciences President's International Fellowship Initiative. Grant No. 2018VBA0011  (H. K. ), and  DUAL_STREAMS ANR -19 -CE37 -0025  (K. K. ). The authors appreciate technical contributions from  Yuki Hori ,  Atsushi Yoshida ,  Kantaro Nishigori ,  Chihiro Yokoyama ,  Takayuki Ose ,  Masahiro Ohno ,  Chihiro Takeda ,  Akihiro Kawasaki ,  Kenji Mitsui ,  Sumika Sagawa ,  Reiko Kobayashi ,  Takuro Ikeda ,  Toshihiko Aso ,  Yuki Matsumoto ,  Takashi Azuma ,  Masahiko Takada ,  Chad Donahue ,  John Harwell ,  Erin Reid.
Parameter selection Both SigMod and SConES use two parameters: λ and η. If both can be provided, martini 's functions scones() and sigmod() provide the corresponding subset of SNPs. However, in most cases, the optimal values of λ and η are unknown. For such cases, we provide the functions scones. cv() and sigmod. cv(). These functions explore a grid of parameters in a 10-fold cross-validated setting. A score is computed for each combination of parameters, using the average across the folds of a user-specified scoring function. Then, the best-scoring set of parameters is used in a run on the whole dataset. Martini includes three types of scoring functions: stability, penalized log-likelihood, and network properties. Stability selects the parameters that most consistently select the same SNPs across folds.
Funding and acknowledgments This project was supported by funding from  Agence Nationale de la Recherche  ( ANR-18-CE45-0021-01 ), the  RIKEN   Special Postdoctoral Researcher Program , and  European Union 's  Horizon 2020 research and innovation program  ( Marie Sk lodowska-Curie  [666003]). We thank  Vivien Goepp  for fruitful discussions about network methods and their algorithmic implementations.
2 ). These units are calculated using a linear interpolation of raw data expressed in pulses per second (pps) according to a calibration set with a very stable source, the radioactivity of which is known in API units. Because disintegration is a random phenomenon, raw measurements taken every 2 cm are integrated over a 25cm long window and restored at a 10-cm step, which is consistent both with the crystal size and the average dip of the strata (~15°). The NGR dataset is available as supplementary data.
, 1975; Sittler and Schuler, 1976; Schuler and Sittler, 1976; Châteauneuf, 1980; Ionescu and Alexandrescu, 1995; King, 2016) , covering a <10 m-thick interval. The D14na dinocysts subzone was defined by  Köthe (2003; Köthe and Piesker, 2007) , then correlated with nannofossil biozones  (Köthe, 2012). The choice of this dinocyst biozonation is motivated because it is built upon recent (2000's) German data, and from a closer location to our place, together with a very good correlation between dinocysts and nannofossils. However, to ensure a consistent dataset, ages from  Köthe (2012)  were updated according to ages from the GTS2012. The SBZ21 was defined by  Cahuzac and Poignant (1997) ; its top limit was correlated with top of P19 biozone from  Berggren et al. (1995). Table  S3. (Laskar et al.
Acknowledgements This work originated from a project ( CYNERGY Project ) funded by the  BRGM , the AELB and the ADEME. All the scientific crew is thanked for fruitful discussion. We thank the two reviewers and the Editor Alberto Reyes for their constructive revisions. Financial support SB and BG have been supported by  ANR   AstroMeso and ERC AstroGeo projects. GDN has been supported by the  Marie-Curie CIG HIRESDAT  and  ERC MAGIC  grants  649081.
communities of the Dutch Republic. This will be followed by a study of the relationship between auctions and sales catalogues. The central part of this article focuses on private library catalogues and their various types and developments during the eighteenth century. I will address the following questions. What kind of catalogues were printed? Who were the owners of the collections? How were the catalogues organised, how many books do they hold, and in which languages are the books listed? And what developments can be distinguished over the years? For this research I use data from the inventory 'Book Sales Catalogues of the Dutch Republic, 1599-1800' , that was started by book historian Bert van Selm and that is currently forming the basis for two ERC funded databases, MEDIATE (Middlebrow Enlightenment Disseminating Ideas, Authors and Texts in Europe, 1665-1830) and BIBLIO (Bibliography of Individual Book and Library Inventories Online,.
4 This inventory is not complete with regard to the Jewish material, therefore I have added additional catalogues to Van Selm's corpus. Furthermore, I also included data covering the period 1800-1830. So far, this results in circa 60 sales catalogues of book collections that belonged to Jewish owners and were auctioned in the Dutch Republic. A list of all the Jewish-owned sales catalogues can be found in the appendix. Six sales catalogues are of Jewish booksellers or printers, of which two are only known by references. A total of 21 private library sales catalogues of known owners have been preserved. Five others are known only by references, as their location is currently unknown. Furthermore, I distinguish 25 anonymous sales catalogues that appear to be of private libraries, for reasons I detail below.
33 Probably this was agreed upon, because the sale of the aforementioned concerned solely Hebrew books. Accordingly we can assume that catalogues without details about the owner or the bookseller, but with a date that fits the records of the guild, refer to the same event. A search of Jewish names in the Bibliopolis database, which contains data from different sources regarding auctions and catalogues, such as records from the guild almanacs and newspaper advertisements, produces the following results. 34 At least 87 auctions were held in Amsterdam, The Hague and Rotterdam that involved Jewish owners or booksellers, the first being in 1693 and the last in 1811. 35 Of all the auctions recorded, only 22 match existing catalogues. In Figure  9. 1 the number of extant catalogues and the registrations of auctions is shown.
40 Should we assume that my findings are different because they concern auctions involving Jewish booksellers? Like the confusion concerning the printing house as an unofficial place of sale, de Wilde this may be another example of a legally grey area in which Jewish booksellers and printers operated. Even though the survival rate is low, about 3,200 private library catalogues are listed in the BSCO database for the period 1600-1800. Of this impressive number, seventeen were identified by the compilers of the database as comprising a Jewish collection, three of which are labelled with a question mark. 41 For this period, I can add another six Jewish-owned sales catalogues that are not listed in BSCO. 42 Furthermore, for the nineteenth century up to 1830 I included 28 sales catalogues of Jewish-owned private libraries.
Also, the Proops family business seems slightly stronger in the second half of the eighteenth century, while Levi Rofe leads in the first half of the nineteenth century. This picture is also reflected in the search for Jewish names in the Bibliopolis database I mentioned earlier; for the period 1710-1810, around forty percent of the auctions concerning Jewish owners or booksellers seem to be connected to the Proops family. These figures confirm the important place of both families in the Jewish and Hebrew book trade in the Dutch Republic. Equally, these printing businesses might have stimulated the publication of this kind of ephemera and the auctioning of private library collections for economic purposes. The first catalogues published by the Proops family have a very unusual long quarto format.
The noise was generated using a normal distribution via MatLab's normrnd function  [14]. For each spectrum, additive noise from a normal distribution with mean 0 and standard deviation 0. 001 was added to each wavelength point to represent measurement bias. The spectrum was then multiplied by a bias value generated from a normal distribution with mean 1 and standard deviation 0. 001, to represent measurement error and noise. To ensure the sampled population of noise was itself approximately normally distributed, it was necessary to have a sufficiently large number of noisy spectra for each test  [15]. Therefore this process was repeated 100 times for each configuration studied, generating 100 reflectance spectra for each OS case or 100 reflectance and 100 transmittance spectra in each TS case.
Index fitting for each noisy spectrum (or pair of spectra in the TS case) was performed via direct numerical optimization, using MatLab's nonlinear optimization function  [16]  with n, k and the absorbing layer thickness d as Fig. 3  The stages of fitting to determine noise resistance: the initial simulated reflectance spectrum (blue), here for the OS stack; a generated noisy spectrum (yellow); and the resulting fit (red, dashed) the parameters of optimization. The merit function to be minimized is 1 N √ δ 2 : the least-squares sum of the difference δ over N wavelength points between the target spectrum or spectra, and the trial spectrum or spectra generated at each step using trial values of n, k and d. Figure  3  illustrates the stages of the fitting procedure, showing the initial spectrum; the result of superimposed noise; and the resulting fit against the noisy data.
Confirmation of Si and SiO 2 index We chose the materials of commercial Si wafers for the substrate and SiO 2 for the dielectric spacer layer due to them being reliable and repeatable, but it was still necessary to first carefully characterise these materials, as any inaccuracies in the values of their index dispersions would propagate through to the final estimate for the refractive index. For the Si substrate, we used literature values for the refractive index dispersion. The data used were those included in the Thin-Film Toolbox used for simulations, originally measured by the SOPRA company in the late 80s and 90s and currently available at a website maintained by Software Spectra  [23]. The reflectance spectrum generated using these data was very close to the measured reflectance spectrum of the wafers, showing an average divergence of approx.
According to the World Health Organization, obesity has nearly tripled since the 1970s. Obesity and overweight are major risk factors for cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, inflammatorymediated diseases, and other serious medical conditions. Moreover, recent data suggest that obesity, overweight, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases are risk factors for COVID-19-related mortality. Different strategies for weight control have been introduced over the last two decades. Unfortunately, these strategies have shown little effect. At the same time, many studies show that plants might be the key to a successful strategy for weight control. Following the PRISMA guidelines for conducting systematic reviews, a search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Embase using the following keywords: obesity, globesity, vegan, plant-based diet, etc.
Databases and Keywords Following the PRISMA guidelines for conducting systematic reviews, a search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus using the following search terms: "obesity", "globesity", "vegan", "plant-based diet", "vegetarian", "weight control", "weight loss", and "obesity management". The full search strategy is reported in Figure  2   [69]. All studies were written in English. All references for the included studies were manually retrieved. All references in this manuscript were prepared with Zotero software (a project of Roy Rosenzweig Center for History and New Media).
Binita Shah and colleagues studied the anti-inflammatory effects of a vegan diet compared to the American Heart Association diet  [42]. The study included 100 participants with established coronary artery disease, who were assigned to follow either a vegan diet (n = 50) or the American Heart Association diet (n = 50). The study duration was 8 weeks. The researchers reported not only better anthropometric data for the participants in the vegan group (the mean BMI was reduced from 30. 5 at baseline to 29; the mean waist circumference was reduced from 107 cm at baseline to 102 cm at week 8) but also better glycemic markers, better lipid profile, and reduction in the concentrations of C-reactive protein. The total cholesterol decreased from 136 mg/dL (mean value at baseline) to 127 mg/dL (mean value at week 8) in the vegan group compared to a reduction from 146 mg/dL (mean value at baseline) to 142 mg/dL (mean value at week 8) in the American Heart Association group.
| Participants Four prospective birth cohorts within the Pregnancy And Childhood Epigenetics (PACE) Consortium  (Felix et al. , 2018)  had information on DNAm in cord blood and prosocial behavior in childhood: the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC;  Fraser et al. , 2013) , Generation R (GENR;  Kooijman et al. , 2016) , INfancia y Medio Ambiente (INMA;  Guxens et al. , 2012) , and the Lifestyle and environmental factors and their Influence on Newborns Allergy risk (LINA;  Herberth et al. , 2011). Full cohort descriptions are provided in Supporting Information Methods. In brief, all included participants were of European ancestry, with combined sample sizes of 2,095-2,121 in the current study. Ethical approval for each study was obtained by local committees and consent to use their data was obtained for all participants.
e. , "bottom 10%" cut-off) were classed as "chronic-low" prosocial behavior across both ages, in contrast to the remainder of the sample (i. e. , typical group). Having identified these groups in children who had available prosocial scores at both ages, our final sample within each cohort consisted of those who also had DNAm data available at birth. Table  1  presents the number and proportion of children in each of these chronic-low trajectories. In all three cohorts, "grand mean" prosocial scores in the defined chronic-low (GENR: M = 5. 4; SD = 1. 7; INMA: M = 5. 3; SD = 1. 2; LINA: M = 5. 5; SD = 1. 3) and typical groups (GENR: M = 8. 8; SD = 1. 3; INMA: M = 8. 7; SD = 1. 4; LINA: M = 8. 5; SD = 1. 3) were comparable to those observed within the two ALSPAC trajectory groups (chronic-low: M = 5.
| Step 2: Differentially methylated regions (DMRs) and meta-analysis To account for the correlated structure of DNAm patterns, we next performed a regional analysis to identify regions that are differentially methylated in relation to low prosocial behavior. In contrast to sitespecific EWAS analyses, which focus on individual CpG sites, regional analyses attenuate the burden of multiple testing and can also detect weaker signals that may be spread over wider regions. Regional analyses were first performed in each cohort and then meta-analyzed using the dmrffR package  (Suderman et al. , 2018). First, this method selects potentially DMRs by identifying genomic regions spanned by nominally significant CpG sites at most 500 bp apart. Second, EWAS summary statistics of all CpGs in the region are combined, while adjusting for correlations between sites in order to avoid inflating regional statistics.
We offer several potential explanations for our negative findings, which also consider a number of key study limitations. First, it appears from our power analysis that, even with the large sample size offered by these combined datasets, our analyses were underpowered to detect what appear to be reasonably small associations, particularly given the relatively low numbers of participants classified as "chronic-low prosocial. " However, our dimensional analyses involving continuous low prosocial scores across the entire sample showed similarly negative results. More generally, there may be insufficient individual variation within our data to detect differences in DNAm patterns in relation to prosocial behavior. For example, the interquartile ranges of low prosocial behavior at age 6-7 years were identical in all cohorts (median = 1; inter-quartile range: 0-3), indicating that most individuals show moderate to high levels of prosocial behavior (Figure  S2 ).
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ALSPAC: We are extremely grateful to all the families who took part in this study, the midwives for their help in recruiting them, and the whole ALSPAC team, which includes interviewers, computer and laboratory technicians, clerical workers, research scientists, volunteers, managers, receptionists, and nurses. The ALSPAC website contains details of all available data through a data dictionary and variable search tool: http://www. bristol. ac. uk/alspac/researchers/our-data/. Informed consent was obtained from all participants and ethical approval was obtained from the  ALSPAC Law and Ethics Committee and Local Research Committees. The  UK Medical Research Council (MRC)  and  Wellcome Trust  ( 102215/2/13/2 ) and the  University of Bristol  provide core support for ALSPAC. A comprehensive list of grants funding is available on the ALSPAC website (http://www.
Experimental data from the CMS collaboration unfolded and extrapolated to the inclusive phase space  [98] , and divided by the appropriate branching fractions, are also shown. The topleft plot shows the rapidity difference between the t t system and the leading jet defined with p T, j1 ≥ 120 GeV. Both MiNLO and MiNNLO PS are formally NLO accurate in this case, and the agreement between them indicates that this accuracy is retained by the MiNNLO PS procedure. The same conclusion holds for other observables that require at least one resolved hard jet. The distributions in the average top-quark rapidity (y tav ) and transverse momentum (p T,tav ) as well as in the invariant mass (m t t) and rapidity (y t t) of the t t pair shown in Fig. 1  are inclusive over QCD radiation. For such distributions MiNNLO PS is expected to be NNLO accurate.
Indeed, MiNNLO PS and NNLO yield consistent results, with fully overlapping uncertainty bands. The small differences in the central value are once again due to the different treatment of terms beyond NNLO accuracy. The slightly larger uncertainty bands of the MiNNLO PS predictions are expected, since additional scale dependent terms are included within the first term in the r. h. s. of Eq. (  11 ) that are not present in the fixedorder calculation. In comparison to the MiNLO results the inclusion of NNLO corrections through MiNNLO PS has an impact of about 10%-20% on the differential distributions and substantially reduces the perturbative uncertainties. Also the agreement with data is quite remarkable. All data points are within one standard deviation from the MiNNLO PS prediction, with the exception of the very first bin in the m t t distribution that, on the other hand, is strongly affected by the finite width of the top, whose effects are not included here.
We finally discuss the transverse-momentum spectrum of the t t pair, denoted by p T, t t in the bottom-right panel of Fig. 1. At large transverse momenta, the three predictions considered are effectively NLO accurate. Indeed, MiNLO and MiNNLO PS are essentially indistinguishable in that region, and at the same time consistent with the spectrum at fixed order. The small differences with NNLO are due to the generation of further radiation by the PS. At small transverse momenta, MiNNLO PS induces O(10%) corrections with respect to MiNLO and significantly reduces the large scale dependence. In this region, it also differs in shape from the NNLO calculation, which diverges and becomes unphysical for vanishing transverse momenta. Within the relatively large experimental errors, MiNNLO PS slightly improves the description of the data in terms of shape compared to NNLO for this observable.
In this review, the European Advisory Board on Cat Diseases (ABCD), a scientifically independent board of experts in feline medicine from 11 European Countries, discusses the current status of SARS-CoV infections in cats. The review examines the host range of SARS-CoV-2 and human-to-animal transmissions, including infections in domestic and non-domestic felids, as well as mink-to-human/-cat transmission. It summarises current data on SARS-CoV-2 prevalence in domestic cats and the results of experimental infections of cats and provides expert opinions on the clinical relevance and prevention of SARS-CoV-2 infection in cats.