dataesr/scientific-paragraphs-categorization huggingface dataset:
Description of X-ray crystal structure Single crystal X-ray structural studies of complex 2 was performed on a D8 VENTURE Bruker AXS diffractometer [*], employing graphite-mono-chromated Mo-Ka radiation generated from a ne-focus sealed tube (l ¼ 0. 71073 Å) at 150 K. The structure was solved by dual-space algorithm using the SHELXT program  70  and further rened with full-matrix least-square methods based on F2 (SHELXL). 71 All non-hydrogen atoms were rened with anisotropic atomic displacement parameters. H atoms were nally included in their calculated position. The drawing of the complex was realized with PLATON. 72 A summary of selected crystallographic information for complex 2 is given in Table  5.
Molecular docking studies Molecular docking studies were assessed using HEX 8. 0 soware. 75 The structures of complexes 1-3 were converted into PDB format prior performing docking experiments. The crystal structures of ct-DNA (PDB ID: BDNA) and tRNA (PDB ID: 6TNA) were downloaded from protein data bank (http://www. rcsb. org. / pdb). Visualization of complexes 1-3 has been done by Discovery Studio molecular graphics program.
Acknowledgements The authors are thankful to SAIF,  CIL, Panjab University, Chandigarh , for  ESI-MS  and elemental analysis facility. The authors are grateful to  ACTREC, Mumbai  for carrying out the cytotoxic studies. Financial support to the  Department of Chemistry, Aligarh Muslim University  from the  UGC  under  SAP DRS II Scheme  and the  DST  under PURSE phase II programme is gratefully acknowledged. The author (Z. Afsan) expresses her gratitude to  DST  for fellowship under PURSE phase II programme.
Sex differences in the behavioral effects of prenatal cannabinoid exposure in the adult progeny. In rodent models, the consumption of synthetic or plant-derived cannabinoids during gestation has multiple deleterious consequences on the progeny's behavior  (reviewed in Campolongo et al. 2011; Higuera-Matas et al. , 2015; Vargish et al. , 2017). In these earlier studies, different drug and treatment regimen were used and multiple behaviors studied in the progeny at various ages. Here, to simplify the analysis / maximize the significance of our comparisons of molecular, synaptic and behavioral measures we first decided to generate a coherent new dataset. Thus, gestating dams were exposed a single daily low dose of the synthetic cannabinoid WIN55,212-2 (WIN, 0. 5mg/kg, s. c. or vehicle or SHAM) between GD5 and GD20.
Behavior was assessed per pair of animals and analyzed by a trained observer who was unaware of treatment condition using the Ethovision XT 13. 0 video tracking software (Noldus, Wageningen, The Netherlands). The test consisted of placing two similarly treated animals into the test cage for 10 min. The total frequency of active social interactions was obtained as the sum of the frequency of the following behavioral elements scored per 10 min  (Manduca et al. , 2015; Segatto et al. , 2014) : • Play-related behaviors: pouncing (on rat solicits another rat to play by attempting to nose or rub the nape of its neck), pinning (the rat that is pounced upon can respond in different ways -'pinning' is the result when the animal lies with its dorsal surface on the floor with the other rat standing over it) and boxing (rats push or paw at each other with their forepaws, usually around the head, neck, shoulders of their opponent).
2 cAMP, buffered with 10 HEPES). To quantify the AMPA/NMDA ratio we used a CH3O3SCs-based solution (in mM: 128 CH3O3SCs, 20 NaCl, 1 MgCl2, 1 EGTA, 0. 3 CaCl2, 2 Na2 + ATP, and 0. 3 Na + GTP, 0. 2 cAMP, buffered with 10 HEPES, pH 7. 2, osmolarity 290-300 mOsm). The pH was adjusted to 7. 2 and osmolarity to 290-300 mOsm. Electrode resistance was 4-6 MOhms. Whole cell patch-clamp recordings were performed with an Axopatch-200B amplifier as previously described  (Robbe et al. , 2002; Kasanetz and Manzoni, 2009; Lafourcade et al. , 2011; Jung et al. , 2012; Thomazeau et al. , 2014 Thomazeau et al. , , 2016;; Martin et al. , 2016a). Data were low pass filtered at 2 kHz, digitized (10 kHz, DigiData 1440A, Axon Instrument), collected using Clampex 10. 2 and analyzed using Clampfit 10. 2 (all from Molecular Device, Sunnyvale, USA).
, 2010 Kasanetz et al. , , 2013)). During the recording, slices were placed in the recording chamber and superfused at 2 ml/min with either low Ca 2+ ACSF for mPFC or normal ACSF for the accumbens. All experiments were done at 32°C or room temperature for mPFC and accumbens, respectively. The superfusion medium contained picrotoxin (100 μM) to block GABA Type A (GABA-A) receptors. All drugs were added at the final concentration to the superfusion medium. The glutamatergic nature of the field EPSP (fEPSP) was systematically confirmed at the end of the experiments using the ionotropic glutamate receptor antagonist CNQX (20 μM), which specifically blocked the synaptic component without altering the non-synaptic component (data not shown). Both fEPSP area and amplitude were analyzed. Stimulation was performed with a glass electrode filled with ACSF and the stimulus intensity was adjusted ∼60% of maximal intensity after performing an input-output curve (baseline EPSC amplitudes ranged between 50 and 150 pA).
Biochemistry qRT-PCR: Frozen rat brains were coronally sectioned in a cutting block (Braintree Scientific, Inc. , Braintree, MA, Cat. # BS-SS 605C) that had been pre-chilled to -20 o C. One-millimeter sections were kept frozen throughout dissection with brain regions stored at -80 o C until use. Total RNA was extracted using the RNeasy Plus Micro Kit (Qiagen, Hilden, Germany, Cat. # 74034 ). RNA was reverse-transcribed using the RevertAid Kit (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA Cat. # K1621) as per manufacturer's instructions. Taqman primers and probes were obtained through Applied Biosystems. Sequences used in qRT-PCR are as follows: TaqMan Gene Expression Master Mix from Applied Biosystems (Foster City, CA Cat. # 4369016) was used in generating expression data on a QuantStudio7 thermal cycler.
The levels of mRNA's of interest were determined from medical prefrontal cortex punches using qPCR (See Methods for details). Statistical significance was determined using the unpaired Student's t-test after outliers were detected and removed from the dataset using Grubbs' test. P values of less than 0. 05 are identified by bold text in the table. Relative expression levels for CB1, TRPV1, mGluR5 and DAGL-alpha are shown in Figure10.
Setting and site selection The study facilities are public health facilities located in Chitungwiza municipality, Masvingo and Matebeleland South provinces and Mberengwa district. These areas are representative of high-HIV-burden districts prioritized for scale-up of HIV services with increased support from the US President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR), and health facilities in these areas have prioritized the implementation of CARGs. Chitungwiza municipality is an urban local authority situated about 25 km south of the capital city, Harare. Masvingo and Matebeleland South are predominantly rural provinces located in the south-eastern and south-western regions of Zimbabwe, respectively, while Mberengwa is a rural district in Midlands province. We selected 30 facilities from the study districts according to the following site selection criteria: (1) supply-chain procedures for implementation of MMD of ART at the site were deemed to be feasible by the facility managers and MOHCC, (2) implementation of CARGs were deemed to be feasible or had recently been implemented, (3) routine site-data collection systems were adequate and (4) at least 430 adults were receiving ART (to fulfill site sample-size requirements).
Sample size estimation Participant sample size estimates were calculated for the primary outcome of retention in care 12 months after enrollment. Sample size estimates were determined for a non-inferiority test for the difference in two proportions in a cluster-randomized design, using PASS® v. 14 software. Participant enrollment numbers are assumed to be equal at each cluster. The probability of participant retention 12 months after study enrollment in the control group is assumed to be 95%, derived from the relative difference in reported retention between 12 and 24 months of ART in Zimbabwe  [17]. The probability of retention in the intervention arms after 12 months is also assumed to be 95%. An intracluster correlation coefficient of 0. 01 for retention amongst stable ART patients associated with the same healthcare facility is assumed  [26].
Individual-level quantitative data collection The study electronic database for data collection and management has been developed using REDCap (Research Electronic Data Capture) electronic data capture tools  [27]. The Zimbabwe MOHCC data collection tools at facilities and CARGs will be used for source data collection including the patient file, the routine electronic patient management system for HIV patients, and routine CARG data collection forms. Trained study-specific nurses will extract source data and capture these with electronic tablet devices following participant CARG or clinic visits. Study nurses will also follow up results of viral-load tests. The data manager will perform regular range checks and missing value checks in the database. On a 3-monthly basis, the study data manager will conduct quality assurance by conducting 100% manual verification checks on a 5% random sample of study participant files of each data capturer's entries with source data.
Qualitative data collection Qualitative data will be collected by trained nurse facilitators at baseline, after 12 months and at the end of the study to understand the acceptability of MMD of ART within CARGs to patients and service providers, as well as to evaluate potential improvements in the quality of service delivery at facilities due to decongestion of facilities. Data collection methods will include focus group discussions (FGD) with study participants and key informant interviews (KII) with facility managers and healthcare workers. One FGD per facility consisting of up to 10 randomly selected CARG participants will be conducted in the vernacular, with 20 FGDs held at each data collection point. Twenty KIIs will be performed at each data collection point. All qualitative data will be recorded, transcribed, translated to English and coded.
Cost data collection A micro-costing will be used, and a macrocosting approach of fixed costs will be utilized. To ascertain provider costs, both fixed and variable costs will be estimated. Fixed costs will include buildings, equipment, vehicles, CARG supervision and start-up costs, and administration costs. Variable costs for each patient will include outpatient and inpatient care, antiretroviral and non-antiretroviral drug costs, consumables, laboratory tests and components, human resource time per patient, salary cost per patient per service provided and overhead costs including telephone calls and home visits. A resource-use form will be used to collect patient-level costs from a review of clinic records including clinic notes, pharmacy registers, laboratory records and hospital inpatient records.
A separate data collection tool will be used to retrospectively collect fixed costs' information. Patient-level cost questionnaires will be administered at baseline, 12 months and at 24 months using a pretested data collection tool on a subset of participants (n = 1095). Every fifth participant enrolled consecutively per site will be selected for administration of the patient-level cost questionnaires. These costs will include those borne by either the patient or the patient's relatives to access care. Patient time and accounting for potential loss of income for attending CARG meetings will be incorporated in patient-level costs.
Quantitative patient-level data analysis Descriptive measures of the study population at baseline in each study arm will be conducted using medians and interquartile ranges for continuous variables and proportions for categorical variables, to assess potential imbalances between the arms. Individual-level outcome analyses will be conducted by intention-to-treat. For the primary outcome of patient retention, risk differences between arms will be estimated using binomial population-averaged generalized estimating equations using an identity link and an exchangeable correlation structure, specifying for clustering by facility. A small cluster size variance correction will be used, and randomization strata will be included in the model as a fixed-effect parameter. If the lower bound of the 95% confidence interval for the risk difference in patient retention of the intervention vs.
Qualitative data analysis Content qualitative analysis will be employed. Summative content analysis involving counting and comparisons of keywords or content followed by the interpretation of the underlying context will be conducted. Atlas Ti ® software will be used to assist in coding and locating particular words or phrases from the transcribed interviews and discussions. A deductive coding frame to extract code frequencies will be developed. The data will be analyzed for emerging key themes and the findings will be interpreted based on the research questions. Quotes will also be extracted for each of the themes that emerge from the data.
Site-level data analysis Summary measures of patient waiting time for each facility at each assessment point will be calculated. The difference in waiting time at 12 and 24 months vs. the baseline survey will be calculated within each arm, and differences in waiting time will be compared between arms. In addition, between-arm comparisons of 12-and 24-month waiting times will be conducted with a twolevel, mixed-effects linear model including the median baseline facility waiting time as a fixed covariate and specifying facility as a random effect. A secondary analysis will involve inclusion of other site-specific potential confounding variables as fixed effects in the model. Plots will be drawn of the monthly numbers of patients newly initiated on ART and monthly numbers who receive provider-initiated HIV counseling and testing per site for each arm to assess trends during the study period, and multilevel, mixed-effects linear regression will be used to compare arms.
Study monitoring Site monitors will visit study sites for inspections and to review participant study records including consent forms and data collection tools. An independent Data and Safety Monitoring Board (DSMB) consisting of three members has been appointed to monitor the trial, one of whom is a biostatistician. The DSMB members do not have competing interests. The DSMB will advise on any adjustments required to achieve balance in the trial (expand sites or replace sites) during accrual. Interim analyses will be conducted when 50% of the participants have completed 12 months on the study. From the results of interim analyses, the DSMB will consider terminating the trial if retention at 12 months in any of the arms is highly significantly different to the other arms (p value < 0. 01). The DSMB may also choose to stop the study early for highly significant, and by the judgment of the DSMB, clinically important differences in outcomes.
Implementation challenges include large distances between facilities, limited access to routine viral-load testing within the country and limited Internet connectivity in rural areas. The strengths of the study include that a variety of outcome data will be analyzed including clinical effectiveness data, provider-and patient-cost data, qualitative data and site-level impact data. Routine ART facilities from both urban and rural areas are included in a pragmatic design, which is expected to allow study results to be generalizable to other sub-Saharan African settings. The study limitations include that participants in the 3MF arm may not complete 24 months' follow-up in this arm as, according to MOHCC operational recommendations, they will be provided the option of forming CARGs after 12 months of study participation.
Acknowledgements The authors wish to acknowledge the  Ministry of Health and Child Care of Zimbabwe  and the  USAID mission  for their support of this trial;  Professor Carl Lombard ,  Biostatistics Unit, South African Medical Research Council  for statistical advice;  Lawrence Long ,  Health Economics and Epidemiology Research Office, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa  for health economics input;  Lizette Monteith ,  Kheth'Impilo AIDS Free Living Pharmaceutical Services Manager ,  Cape Town ,  South Africa  for input regarding pharmaceutical supply chain management procedures;  Terence Fusire, Kheth'Impilo Zimbabwe Technical Advisor Supply Chain Pharmacist  for input regarding feasibility assessment of MMD. A list of study sites are available at https://clinicaltrials.
EBMT registry EBMT is a not-for-profit medical and scientific organisation that represents over 500 HSCT centres from over 50 countries. The EBMT registry now contains details on over 500 000 allogeneic and autologous transplants performed since 1986. All patients included in the registry give written consent before transplant for the collection and analysis of anonymised data. The data are maintained in the central EBMT registry in line with legal and regulatory requirements for data protection, confidentiality, and accuracy. EBMT implements regular quality assurance measures including ensuring centre accreditation, regular cross-checks with national registries, annual surveys, and regular audit processes. This study was performed in line with EBMT guidelines and approved by the Autoimmune Diseases Working Party [ADWP].
Patient population Patients who underwent AHSCT for Crohn's disease were identified from the EBMT registry. All adult patients [aged ≥18 years at time of AHSCT] undergoing AHSCT for a primary diagnosis of CD from 1997 to 2015 were eligible for inclusion. Patients who had participated in the ASTIC trial were excluded. From a total of 99 patients across 27 centres, data were obtained for 82 patients transplanted in 19 centres in eight countries from 1996 to 2015[see Supplementary data available at ECCO-JCC online]. Data were unavailable for 17 patients due to lack of response to repeated requests.
Definitions Clinical disease response was categorised as: • remission: no abdominal pain and normal stool frequency; • improvement: improvement in abdominal pain and/or stool frequency; • stable/no change: no appreciable improvement in abdominal pain and/or stool frequency; • worse: deterioration in abdominal pain and/or stool frequency. The introduction, reduction, or withdrawal of steroids, immunomodulators, or biologic therapy, and need for further surgical therapy, were also recorded. Disease behaviour was assessed as stricturing, penetrating, both, or neither, pre-and post-AHSCT [Supplementary Table  2 , available as Supplementary data at ECCO-JCC online]. Neutrophil engraftment was defined as time from day of transplant until Day 1 of 3 consecutive days with an absolute neutrophil count ≥0.
6 Through pan-European multicentre collaboration, we were able to obtain patient-level data, including long-term follow-up. As a retrospective evaluation, however, our study has intrinsic limitations. First, evaluation of clinical response was performed retrospectively. However, to reduce the risk of recall bias, contemporaneous notes were reviewed in all cases. To ensure accurate information, data collection was performed by the patient's treating gastroenterologist. Second, the categorisation of clinical response was necessarily broad, which is unlikely to fully reflect the spectrum of clinical disease response. We elected not to collect imaging, endoscopic, or biomarker outcomes, as these investigations were not performed in a systematic manner for all patients. Finally, data were not available on quality of life outcomes.
Acknowledgments With many thanks to all who contributed data to this study. Specifically, we would like to thank  Prof. Wolfgang Kreisel ,  Drs Peter Johnson ,  Javier López-Jiménez ,  Jeremy Sanderson ,  Inken Hilgendorf ,  Ian Forgacs ,  Mariagrazia Michieli ,  Tobias Gedde-Dahl ,  Knut Lundin ,  Matthew Collin ,  Nick Thompson ,  Manuel Abecasis ,  João Pereira da Silva ,  Rosanna Scimè ,  Mario Cottone ,  David Gallardo ,  David Busquets ,  Achilles Anagnostopoulos ,  Jannis Kountouras ,  Rafael Duarte ,  Yago González-Lama ,  Alan Lobo ,  Martin Bornhäuser ,  Renate Schmelz , and  Andy Peniket. We are indebted to the patients in this study and the multidisciplinary teams coordinating their care.
Methods This article provides an overview of the methodology and characteristics of the expert participants of the Global Spine Care Initiative (GSCI) and describes of the expertise, clinical experience, and potential biases and conflicts of interests for each member of the GSCI Task Force. World Spine Care was established in 2008, and its mission is to improve lives in underserved communities through sustainable, integrated, evidence-based spine care. To fulfill this mission, the World Spine Care leaders wished to develop an evidence-based model of care that could be integrated into healthcare programs and implemented anywhere in the world. Therefore, World Spine Care convened the GSCI to develop such a model. Funding was provided by the Skoll Foundation that provided a matching grant. To receive the grant, GSCI members participated without any remuneration beyond travel expenses, which satisfied part of the requirement for the matching grant.
JH declares his research group has extensive funding from Danish public funding agencies, the European Union, and Danish charities. MH declares travel support from World Spine Care. JM declares general research resources from USF Research Center, research grants from funding agencies: FEMA, US Department of Homeland Security (EMW-2013-FP-00723), Palladian Health Advisory board: Clinical Policy and Advisory Board, Intellectual property rights: inventor of Web-based system to deliver exercise (Employer-USF: copyright holder). TM declares fellowship grant-Medtronics. JM declares WSC Board Member. EM declares AO Spine Africa Faculty courses -honorarium. GO declares he is a consultant and receives travel support as clinic director, World Spine Care. HR declares funding to UOIT from Skoll Foundation, NCMIC Foundation through World Spine Care.
To address this, we estimated the 1-year cumulative risk of recurrent VTE according to individual patient baseline risk factor profiles using data from the Once-daily Oral Rivaroxaban versus Placebo in the Long-term Prevention of Recurrent Symptomatic Venous Thromboembolism (EINSTEIN-EXTENSION, www. clinicaltrials. gov #NCT00439725) and Reduced-dose Rivaroxaban in the Long-term Prevention of Recurrent Symptomatic Venous Thromboembolism (EINSTEIN-CHOICE, www. clinicaltrials. gov #NCT02064439) trials,  18, 19  which compared once daily rivaroxaban (20 mg or 10 mg) with placebo or aspirin (100 mg) for extended treatment in patients with VTE who had completed 6 to 12 months of anticoagulation and with equipoise regarding the need for continued anticoagulation treatment. This prespecified analysis was possible because the same blinded committee was used in both studies to classify the index VTE as provoked by major or minor transient or persistent risk factors and to adjudicate outcome events.
Acknowledgments This study was supported by  Bayer AG. J. I. W. holds the  Canada Research Chair in Thrombosis and the Hearet and Stroke Foundation  J. F. Mustard Chair in Cardiovascular Research. consulting fees from Amgen; and fees for serving on advisory boards from  Bayer ,  Pfizer , and  Sanofi Aventis. T. A. B. receives lecture fees from  Bayer ,  Novo Nordisk , and  GlaxoSmithKline. A. T. C. receives fees for serving on a committee for  Boehringer Ingelheim ; grant support and fees for serving on committees from  Bristol-Myers Squibb  and  Daiichi Sankyo ; consulting fees and fees for serving on steering committees from  Johnson & Johnson and Portola ; grant support, consulting fees, and fees for serving on committees from  Pfizer ; and consulting fees from  Sanofi ,  Janssen , and  Ono Pharmaceuticals.