dataesr/scientific-paragraphs-categorization huggingface dataset:
For research articles with several authors, a short paragraph specifying their individual contributions must be provided. The following statements should be used "conceptualization, O. M. , J. -M. P. , F. -X. M. , E. C. , and E. L. ; formal analysis, O. M. , K. B. , D. P. R. , A. C. (Aurélie Chauveau), K. V. and A. C. (Aristotelis Chatziioannou); investigation, O. M. , V. P. -M. , G. J. , P. -Y. D. and V. L. ; Ressources, J. -F. V. and C. J. ; writing-review and editing, O. M. , V. P. , E. C. and E. L. ; supervision, E. C. and E. L. ; project administration, B. T. , F. -X. M. , E. C. and E. L. ; funding acquisition, E. C. and E. L. ". Funding: This work was supported by grants from INCa-Cancéropôle GSO (N • 2014-E02) and Ligue Contre le Cancer to EL and Institut National du Cancer (INCa PLBIO), la Ligue Contre le Cancer and EU H2020 MSCA ITN-675448 (TRAINERS) to EC.
Acknowledgments: We thank  Valerie De  luca and  Vincent Pitard  for technical assistance with Flow cytometry ( CNRS UMS 3427 ,  INSERM US 005 ,  Univ. Bordeaux, 33000 Bordeaux, France). We thank the staff of the vector core facility of the  University of Bordeaux  for their kind help and their technical support and the  "Centre de Ressources Biologiques -Cancer " of  University Hospital of Bordeaux  for providing biological material. We thank  Marina Migeon  and  Elodie Richard  for precious technical help.
Author Contributions: For research articles with several authors, a short paragraph specifying their individual contributions must be provided. The following statements should be used "conceptualization, O. M. , J. -M. P. , F. -X. M. , E. C. , and E. L. ; formal analysis, O. M. , K. B. , D. P. R. , A. C. (Aurélie Chauveau), K. V. and A. C. (Aristotelis Chatziioannou); investigation, O. M. , V. P. -M. , G. J. , P. -Y. D. and V. L. ; Ressources, J. -F. V. and C. J. ; writing-review and editing, O. M. , V. P. , E. C. and E. L. ; supervision, E. C. and E. L. ; project administration, B. T. , F. -X. M. , E. C. and E. L. ; funding acquisition, E. C. and E. L. ". Funding: This work was supported by grants from INCa-Cancéropôle GSO (N • 2014-E02) and Ligue Contre le Cancer to EL and Institut National du Cancer (INCa PLBIO), la Ligue Contre le Cancer and EU H2020 MSCA ITN-675448 (TRAINERS) to EC.
Methods This retrospective study was conducted at 12 referral centers across Europe (9 institutions), the United States of America (2 institutions), and Australia (1 institution). The file of all patients with locally advanced, recurrent or metastatic TGCT, treated with IM were reviewed. Patient information was extracted from individual patients' files at each institution by the local investigators and was provided in an anonymous form for final analyses. Histopathologic examination was performed at center of origin by pathologists with extensive experience in mesenchymal tumors. Response was measured using version 1. 0 of Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST). Data were described using percentages for qualitative variables and medians with ranges for continuous variables. Patients were not treated following a fixed regimen.
open Daiichi Sankyo and Implantcast to the institution ( Leiden University Medical Center ). WTAG reported a research grant from  Novartis  to the institution ( Radboud University Medical Center ). HG reported a research grant from  Novartis  and  Daiichi  to the institution ( Leiden University Medical Center ). PAC reports grants and personal fees from  Novartis ,  Roche ,  Amgen ; non-financial support from  Plexxikon ; grants, personal fees and non-financial support from  Astra Zeneca  during the conduct of the study; grants from  Bayer ,  BMS ,  MSD, Toray, Taiho, BluePrint  and from  Eli Lilly  outside the submitted work. The other authors (FGMV, MJLM, GH, EB, JD, AI, MB and LE) have declared no conflicts of interest.
These isotopic compositions are also similar to those measured in apatite in these lunar basalts, with the exception of sample 14072, which is known to have a distinct petrogenetic history compared to other mare basalts. Based on our dataset, we conclude that, post-MI-entrapment, no significant Cl isotopic fractionation occurred during the crystallization and subsequent eruption of the parent magma and that Cl isotopic composition of MI and apatite primarily reflect the signature of the source region of these lunar basalts. Our findings are compatible with the hypothesis that in the majority of the cases the heavy Cl isotopic signature of the Moon was acquired during the earliest stages of LMO evolution. Interestingly, MI data from 14072 suggests that Apollo 14 lunar basalts might be an exception and may have experienced post-crystallization processes, possibly metasomatism, resulting in additional Cl isotopic fractionation recorded by apatite but not melt inclusions.
, 2018)  and 15016  (Barnes et al. , 2019). Thus, we are able to compare and crosscheck our data on Cl abundances with previous measurements while extending the database of volatiles for lunar MI. Finally, in order to monitor the evolution of Cl abundance and its isotopic composition in the lunar magma, we analysed both olivine-and pyroxene-hosted MI. Indeed, olivine-and pyroxene-hosted MI were trapped at different times during the crystallization of the parent magma and thus provide snapshots of magma composition at the instant of melt trapping. Therefore, our approach should allow us to identify any magmatic processes that would have altered the Cl content and/or δ 37 Cl in lunar samples during crystallisation.
Secondary negative ions of 18 O, 29 Si, 35 Cl, 37 Cl and 27 Al 16 O were imaged by scanning ion imaging, with a MRP of 7000. Basaltic glass MD57-D9-1  (Bonifacie et al. , 2008)  was used for relative sensitivity factor of Cl abundance and San Carlos olivine was used for establishing background counts for Cl. Data were processed with the L'IMAGE software developed by Larry Nittler from the Carnegie Institute of Washington. The deadtime was set at 44 ns and corrected with the L'IMAGE software. Regions of interest (ROIs) were determined on each image based on the 27 Al 16 O/ 18 O and 35 Cl/ 18 O images to locate the MI and exclude any cracks, voids or anomalously Cl-rich hotspots associated with extraneous contamination (see section 3. 2). Indeed, MI are enriched in 27 Al 16 O compared to their nominally anhydrous host and contamination induced hotspots of 35 Cl.
04 count rate per second of 35 Cl for ROI of ∼ 12 μm × 12 μm). The slope of the calibration line was estimated using R program to be 3. 08 × 10 -4 ± 0. 6 × 10 -4 at 95% confidence level (Fig. S2 ), taking into accounts analytical errors on glass standards. Uncertainties reported on Cl contents combine the 2σ analytical uncertainties associated with each individual measurement and the uncertainty associated with the calibration line. Chlorine concentrations in MI were corrected for post-entrapment crystallization (PEC), determined using the software Petrolog3  (Danyushevsky and Plechov, 2011). For Cl isotope measurements, the instrumental mass fractionation (IMF) factor, α, based on analyses of SR2-DR04 and MD57-D9-1 MORB glass standards is 1. 008 ± 0. 003 (2SD). The measured 37 Cl/ 35 Cl ratios are corrected for the IMF and expressed in δ 37 Cl notation as defined in equation (  1 ), with standard mean ocean chloride δ 37 Cl SMOC = 0h  (Kaufman et al.
4 ± 0. 7 ppm in both analyses). All of the MI from individual samples appear to show broadly consistent results, although several of the samples have one measurement that is considerably higher than the rest. This may reflect indigenous heterogeneity within the sample, but in all cases most likely reflects incomplete exclusion of chlorine contamination during data processing and therefore the results from 5 measurements should be treated with caution. The concentration averages for each sample are 6. 3 ± 2. 5 ppm for 10020, 2. 6 ± 1. 4 ppm for 12004, 5. 5 ± 4. 1 ppm for 12040 (excluding 28. 2 ppm outlier), 2. 1 ± 1. 0 ppm for 14072 and 6. 8 ± 3. 9 ppm for 15016. This dataset does not reveal any significant variation in Cl abundances in olivine-hosted MI among the 5 different Apollo lunar basalts.
However, there is evidence that in some cases, additional processes did influence the Cl isotopic composition of the lunar melts, especially towards the end stages of their crystallisation as is evident for Apollo 14 high-Al basalt in which MI seemed to have preserved the lunar mantle signature whereas apatite recorded the effect of later processes. Given the limited dataset on Cl isotopes in lunar MI, it is not possible to fully evaluate or verify the previously proposed hypothesis of mixing between a lighter basaltic reservoir and a 37 Cl-rich KREEP reservoir and, therefore, in the near term, additional measurements on MI from KREEP-rich samples are required to address this issue. In the longer term, new MI measurements in samples collected from other areas of the Moon, not sampled by the Apollo missions (e.
After allowing the culture to stand for one night, the medium was changed to the desired conditions, i. e. , GlucoMax medium or MitoMax medium (S1 Table ), supplemented with the chosen amount of SDHI (control conditions compensated for DMSO used to solubilize SDHI; 14 mM max). The number of cells was estimated from random images using the ImageJ processing program for 15-20 days without changing the medium (one unique exposure to SDHI).
(PDF) S4 Fig. Sequence analysis of the amino acid compositions of succinate dehydrogenase subunits B, C, and D. A, List of the 22 organisms selected for alignment with the references of each protein sequence as deposited in the NCBI database. B, C, D, For each subunit, the graphic representation illustrates the conservation (indicated in red) of the subunit among the 22 species selected, followed by the alignment showing the amino acids present at the positions (gray background/dark arrows) supposedly involved in the resistance of fungi to SDHIs or/ and in the binding of coenzyme Q (S3 Fig)  [29]. Alignment was performed using the COBALT multiple sequence alignment tool (https://www. ncbi. nlm. nih. gov/tools/cobalt/re_cobalt. cgi). (PDF).
No specific funding was initially provided for this work. After the work realization, PB and PR received a specific support grant from the  French Association POLLINIS  (https://www. pollinis. org/). General expenses were covered by grants from  AAJI (Association pour l'Aide aux Jeunes Infirmes & aux Personnes Handicapees) ;  AFAF (Association Francaise de l'Ataxie de Friedreich); Association OLY (Ouvrir Les Yeux) ;  ANR MITOXDRUGS  ( ANR-16-CE18-0010 ). Sponsors or funders had no role in the study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
Simulation domain Two patients were included in the study, who underwent whole graft LT. For each one, two states are to be considered: the veins of the native liver before surgery and of the graft after transplantation. The lumen of the hepatic veins as well as the inferior vena cava were reconstructed from contrast-agent injected CTscans with Myrian software (Intrasense) by a clinician. The two liver grafts were connected to the venous system in two distinct ways: latero-lateral fashion [L-L] for one (the two veins are conserved and connected alongside each other) and termino-lateral for the other one (Piggy-back technique [PB]: the donor's vena cava is connected to the recipient's one at a single upper end). In order to compare each case, virtual geometries were recreated to simulate for each patient the surgery they did not undergo.
Population studied Blood samples and a sociological questionnaire concerning epidemiological data and ITN use were collected during two periods: (1) in the rainy season (August 2014) and (2) in the dry season (April 2015). Households and children (6 months to 15 years) were randomly selected by the project's sociological team. At each survey, children with an axillary temperature of 37. 5 °C or higher or a recent history of fever (within 24 h of the survey) with a positive malaria rapid diagnostic test (RDT) were treated with anti-malarial drugs, as recommended by National Malaria Control Programme (NMCP). A total of 801 thick blood smear samples were collected from the children studied for parasitological measurements. Parasite density (parasitaemia) was calculated as the number of P. falciparum parasites per microliter of blood (PD = Number of trophozoites counted × 8000/Number of leukocytes counted); the geometric mean of parasitaemia was also calculated.
Statistical analysis Data analysis was carried out using Graph Pad Prism ® (Graph Pad Software, San Diego, CA, USA). Values in each group did not assume a Gaussian distribution. The nonparametric Mann-Whitney U test was then used for the comparison of IgG levels in children between age groups and also between individuals who always slept under an ITN and those who never slept under an ITN. The nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis test was used to compare the three neighbourhoods. The Dunn post-test was used for multiple comparisons between neighbourhoods. All differences were considered as significant at p < 0. 05. Excel software was used to calculate the mean geometrical parasitaemia of P. falciparum. The Chi square test was used to compare P. falciparum prevalence between neighbourhoods in both seasons.
Funding This research was integrated into the " Jeune Equipe Associée à l'IRD" EVAPAL-CI multidisciplinary study  funded by the  IRD (Institut de Recherche pour le Développement; Département des Programmes de Recherche et de la Formation au Sud ; convention of February 18, 2013). D. F. Traoré  and  D. D. Zoh  were supported by PhD fellowships provided by the  IRD (Département des Programmes de Formation au Sud)  and  A. B. Sagna  by a fellowship provided by the  "Méditerranée Infection" Foundation (Marseille, France).
The technique enables transferring calibration models and large-scale applications. Principally, VOC can only be recognized after a calibration phase, i. e. , the device must be trained to learn a disease pattern. Furthermore, the database of breath prints that stores previous analyses has to be developed. Hence, new VOC would be matched with existing profiles through comparative pattern recognition analysis  [16]. In a complementary approach, there are several other methods looking for specific compounds in exhaled air, e. g. , multi-capillary column-ion mobility spectrometry or gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. In contrast to eNose, these methods are not based on pattern recognition techniques, since they are aimed at identifying individual molecules in exhaled breath instead of a unique composite VOC signal  [17].
Study Design and Data Collection This explorative research was designed as a single-center, prospective, non-invasive study in subjects with ILD as well as HC and COPD patients as a second comparator group. The study cohort consisted of 174 consecutive ILD patients from the University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC) sites in Giessen and Greifenstein, who were recruited in the European IPF Registry and Biobank (eurIPFreg and eurIPFbank). The eurIPFreg is as an Internet-based, multi-center registry interlinked with the European IPF Biobank (eurIPFbank, see also www. pulmonary-fibrosis. net), listed in ClinicalTrials. gov (NCT02951416), and approved by Ethics Committee of the Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen (111/08)  [7]. The datasets used and analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
Statistical Analysis and Data Presentation In the first phase, the device had to be trained in terms of pattern recognition. In this scenario, air composition was measured every 20 s. using two 32-step sinusoidal modulations of the sensor surface temperature. The main objective in the training phase was not to define a specific VOC in the measurement but rather to determine the pattern of resistance changes in the sensors caused by the absorptions of the various VOC's in the breath of patients. This resulted in a graphic pattern specific for each disease. After this, signatures of VOC of ILD patients were captured using the Aeonose ® and were compared to HC in prospective correlation analyses. Additionally, we performed direct analyses between the ILD subgroups to deeper validate the ability of disease-specific pattern recognitions.
To evaluate VOC signatures, a software program called Aethena was used for pre-processing, data compression, and neural networking  [19]. To interpret the Aeonose ® data, the following parameters were measured: the Area under the Curve (AUC), sensitivity, specificity, and Matthews's correlation coefficient (MCC). The MCC is a measure of the quality of binary classifications and is generally regarded as a balanced measure that can be used even if the classes are of very different sizes. In essence, the MCC is a correlation between the observed and predicted binary classification, where a value of +1 represents a perfect condition, 0 represents no better than a random prediction, and -1 indicates total disagreement between the prediction and observation  [20]. Comparisons between groups were performed using ROC-Analysis.
The inclusion and exclusion criteria of the study and the treatment of anaemia have been described previously  [10]. We calculated the duration of exposition to IV iron therapy (in months) as its magnitude (cumulative IV iron dose (in gram) and average monthly dose (in milligram)  [10]. The study is registered under International Standard Randomised Controlled Trial Number (ISRCTN): 80100088  [10]. The study was also declared to the French Institute of Health Data (INDS: Institut National des Données de Santé) as an observational study (category MR-4 of Jardé law) and its database was declared to the devoted French commission (CNIL) under the successive numbers 1875675 (until 2018) and 2214279 (since 2019).
The results were expressed as R2* in Hz and converted to T2* in ms (T2* in ms = 1000/R2* in Hz) and normal LIC-T2*-IDEAL-IQ ® values were also set by analogy with relaxometry (classical) T2* ≥ 15 ms. The parameters of the IDEAL-IQ ® sequence were as follows: TR (repetition time) of 14 ms; TE of 6; number of echoes of 6, ranging from 1. 1 to 6. 38 ms; field of view of 35-40 cm; matrix size of 224 × 192; pixel bandwidth of 100 Hz; flip angle of 8; slice thickness of 10 mm; and space between slices of 5 mm. The sequence was acquired in a single breath-hold time of approximately 25 s in all patients. The images were processed by using the software provided by the manufacturer (IDEAL-IQ ® ; GE Healthcare) to generate both fat fraction maps and T2*/R2* maps. At first, the radiologist chooses the best image of liver and determines two ROIs on the organ-the positioning of the measurements being frequently on the right liver.
This paper presents a numerical simulation chain covering induction hardening (IH), superimposed stroke peening (StrP) as mechanical post-treatment, and a final fatigue assessment considering local material properties. Focusing on a notched round specimen as representative for engineering components, firstly, the electro-magnetic-thermal simulation of the inductive heating is performed with the software Comsol ®. Secondly, the thermo-metallurgical-mechanical analysis of the hardening process is conducted by means of a user-defined interface, utilizing the software Sysweld ®. Thirdly, mechanical post-treatment is numerically simulated by Abaqus ®. Finally, a strain-based approach considering the evaluated local material properties is applied, which reveals sound accordance to the fatigue tests results, exhibiting a minor conservative deviation of only up to two per cent, which validates the applicability of the presented numerical fatigue approach.
Firstly, the inductive heating was performed, utilizing the software Comsol ®  [24]. Thereby, a transient simulation model was built up, invoking moving mesh approach, such that the translation of the induction coils was reproduced correctly. The numerically computed position and time dependent temperature field was then transferred to Sysweld ®  [25] , wherewith the simulation of the heat-treatment process was examined. The presented IH process simulation methodology was based on a preliminary work, which is given in  [21, 26]. Beginning with the electro-magnetic-thermal simulation part, selected application studies for the utilized software are presented in  [27, 28]. Further validations of numerical and experimental results are provided in  [29]. The main principle of the incorporated electromagnetic analysis was based on Maxwell's equations considering the magnetic vector potential by Equation (1)  [30] : ( ) ( ) e r J B A j = × ∇ + - -1 r -1 0 0 2 μ μ ε ε ω ωκ with A B × ∇ =.
Thus, the numerical process simulation chain was separated accordingly. Firstly, the inductive heating was performed, utilizing the software Comsol ®  [24]. Thereby, a transient simulation model was built up, invoking moving mesh approach, such that the translation of the induction coils was reproduced correctly. The numerically computed position and time dependent temperature field was then transferred to Sysweld ®  [25] , wherewith the simulation of the heat-treatment process was examined. The presented IH process simulation methodology was based on a preliminary work, which is given in  [21, 26]. Beginning with the electro-magnetic-thermal simulation part, selected application studies for the utilized software are presented in  [27, 28]. Further validations of numerical and experimental results are provided in  [29].
In accordance to the real inductive heating process, two separate coil inductors exhibiting different current frequencies were modeled. The first coil featured a medium frequency to ensure global heating and the second coil manifested a high frequency. Thus, the electromagnetic skin depth δ was significantly reduced in respect to the higher frequency to intensify local heating in the surface layer of the specimen, as seen in Equation  ( 3). As the coils were moving along the axis of the specimen, a moving mesh needed to be designed along this path. The ambient atmosphere was defined as air at room temperature, which was also meshed to incorporate heat loss by convection and radiation during inductive heating. After simulating the inductive heating in Comsol ® , the time-dependent temperature data of each node was transferred utilizing a self developed routine  [26]  to the software package Sysweld ® , in order to conduct the numerical analysis of the heat-treatment process.
Utilizing these models, the residual stress state during, and more importantly, at the end of the IH process was numerically computed, which acts, in addition to the hardness condition, as a significant input for the local fatigue analysis at the final stage of the numerical assessment methodology. After simulating the inductive heating in Comsol ® , the time-dependent temperature data of each node was transferred utilizing a self developed routine  [26]  to the software package Sysweld ® , in order to conduct the numerical analysis of the heat-treatment process. This self-written interface converted the temperature-time distribution for each node of the numerical model, which is the result of the simulation in Comsol ® , to Sysweld ®. Herein, this input data acted as the initial heating step for the thermo-metallurgic-mechanical heat-treatment analysis.
As observed within the fatigue tests using the IH and IH+StrP specimens, the crack initiation origin was located either right at the very surface, or within the bulk material at the transition from the hardened surface layer to the core region. For simplification, the hardness values were determined for these two points, whereat two material parameter sets were utilized in the course of the fatigue assessment. As low-cycle fatigue test results for the IH hardened material layer were available, wherein the values were in line with the ones based on the estimation from UML, this material data set was used. As no low-cycle fatigue tests were performed for the core region, the estimation based on the local Vicker's hardness was applied.