dataesr/scientific-paragraphs-categorization huggingface dataset:
All THA had a cemented femoral stem and a press-fit DMC of 2 nd or 3 rd generation. Primary outcomes were set to be the dislocation rate and functional status. The secondary outcomes were defined as the survivorship, infection rate and radiological results. The clinical and radiological data were collected for evaluation. Patient's who were unable to attend for follow-up appointments were contacted by phone and asked to send new radiograms. The modified Harris Hip Score (mHHS) was used for clinical assessment. Migration/tilting, radiolucent lines, periprosthetic osteolysis and heterotopic ossification were recorded on last radiograms. Data collection and analysis were performed by a blinded evaluator.
No postoperative infection has been recorded. Functional and radiological data were collected with a mean follow-up of 51 months (SD ± 28. 5). The mean mHHS was 98. 7 ± 2. 7 (out of a maximal score of 100) ranging from 89 to 100 (upper quartile = 100, lower quartile = 100). Twenty (76. 7%) had a mHHS of 100 and the remaining seven (23. 3%) patients had a mHHs between 89 and 100. When both groups were compared, no statistical difference was found in relation to femoral head size, age or duration of follow-up. All 26 patients resumed their daily normal activities. At the last follow-up, the radiological assessment revealed no signs of migration/ tilting, radiolucent lines, periprosthetic osteolysis or heterotopic ossification over the DMC component and the femoral stem (Figures  1 2 3 ). Lifestyle and religious habits play an integral part in the daily lives in the Middle Eastern region.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The laser structuring work was conducted in-house at the  University of Dundee  under the aegis of grants and financial support from the  STFC  (Grant No. ST/P00086X/1 ) and  CERN  (Collaboration Agreement  KN3362 ). The support of the CERN EN-MME central workshop team,  I. Wevers  and  C. Vazquez Pelaez  during, respectively, the BS manufacture, characterization and installation is warmly acknowledged.
2017). A more technical contribution that can impact on the lower spectral slopes in the tropics concerns Ocean Sci. Discuss. , https://doi. org/10. 5194/os-2018-49 Manuscript under review for journal Ocean Sci. Discussion started: 28 June 2018 c Author(s) 2018. CC BY 4. 0 License. the altimetric data processing, the spectral calculation and spectral slope estimation. Much attention has been devoted to the effects of altimetric noise  (Xu and Fu, 2012; Zhou et al. , 2015 , Biri et al. , 2016)  which can flatten the spectral slope calculation if the noise is not removed correctly. Different studies also use different tapering windows to reduce leakage of non-periodic signals in limitedlength data series, which can also modify the spectral slope. In global studies, a fixed wavelength band from 70-250 km is often used for the spectral slope calculation  (Xu and Fu, 2012; Dufau et al.
In section 2, the different models and data used are presented. In section 3, we discuss processing issues for the spectral calculation, particularly to reduce leakage effects in short tropical segments. In section 4, we discuss the EKE spectral signature of the dynamics over the tropical Pacific as simulated by the 1/12° resolution model. In section 5, results are discussed in term of balanced dynamics and the 1/12° model's SSH spectra are compared to Jason and Saral AltiKa wavenumber spectra. Finally, the contribution of the high-frequency motions to the SSH spectral signature are investigated using Ocean Sci. Discuss. , https://doi. org/10. 5194/os-2018-49 Manuscript under review for journal Ocean Sci. Discussion started: 28 June 2018 c Author(s) 2018. CC BY 4. 0 License. the 1/36° regional resolution model with and without tides, to illustrate its close match with altimetric data.
2006; Penduff et al. 2007 ). The bathymetry was built from the GEBCO1 dataset (http://www. gebco. net/data_and_products/gebco) for regions shallower than 200m and from ETOPO2 (www. ngdc. noaa. gov/mgg/global/relief/ETOPO2) for regions deeper than 400m (with a combination of both datasets in the 200m-400m depth range). Lateral boundary conditions for coastal tangential velocity have a strong impact on the stability of boundary currents  (Verron and Blayo, 1996). Based on sensitivity experiments, a "partial-slip" condition is chosen, where the coastal vorticity is not set to 0 ("free slip" condition), but is weaker than in the "no-slip" condition. The atmospheric forcing (both mechanical and thermodynamical) is applied to the model using the CORE bulk-formulae approach  (Large and Yeager, 2004, 2009).
The simulation started from rest in 1978 with initial conditions for temperature and salinity provided by the 1998 World Ocean Atlas  (Levitus, 1998). It was spun up for 11 years using the CORE-II forcing dataset and then integrated from 1989 to 2007 using a 3-hourly ERA-interim forcing  (Dee et al. , 2011). The 3D velocities, and the 2D Sea Surface Height (SSH) are saved as 5-day means during the period of integration. In the following, it is referenced as G12d5. The domain considered in this study covers the tropical Pacific between 20°N -20°S. This simulation has been used to document Ocean Sci. Discuss. , https://doi. org/10. 5194/os-2018-49 Manuscript under review for journal Ocean Sci. Discussion started: 28 June 2018 c Author(s) 2018. CC BY 4. 0 License. mesoscale variability in the South West Pacific Solomon Sea  (Gourdeau et al.
-Regional Model at 1/36° with and without tides As part of the CLIVAR/SPICE program, regional simulations of the Solomon Sea in the South Western tropical Pacific have been performed  (Ganachaud et al. , 2014). The numerical model of the Solomon Sea used in this study has a 1/36° horizontal resolution, and 75 vertical levels. It is based on the same oceanic component as the NEMO system presented above. This 1/36° resolution model is embedded into the global 1/12° ocean model presented above and one-way controlled using an open boundary strategy  (Tréguier et al. , 2001). Its horizontal domain is shown on Fig. 3b. The bathymetry of the highresolution Solomon Sea model is based on the GEBCO08 dataset. Atmospheric boundary conditions, consisting in surface fluxes of momentum, heat and freshwater, are diagnosed through classical bulk formulas  (Large and Yeager, 2009).
Altimetric data Along-track SSH observations from TOPEX/Poseidon covering a period (January 1993 to December 2001) in common with the G12d5 simulations are analyzed over the tropical Pacific domain. The most recent altimetric missions (Jason-2 and SARAL/Altika) are also analyzed over the January-2013 to December-2014 period to compare with the signature of the high frequency modelled SSH in R36Th. These data are made available from the Copernicus Marine and Environment Monitoring Service (CMEMS, http://marine. copernicus. eu). TOPEX/Poseidon and Jason-2 are conventional pulsewidth limited altimeters operating in the Ku-band  (Lambin et al. , 2010). SARAL/Altika with its 40 Hz Ka-band emitting frequency, its wider bandwidth, lower orbit, increased Pulse Repetitivity Frequency and reduced antenna beamwidth, provides a smaller footprint and lower noise than the Ku-band altimeters  (Verron et al.
Spectral methods Ocean Sci. Discuss. , https://doi. org/10. 5194/os-2018-49 Manuscript under review for journal Ocean Sci. Discussion started: 28 June 2018 c Author(s) 2018. CC BY 4. 0 License. In the following sections we present spectral analyses of the modelled SSH or EKE fields, or the altimetric SSH. The spectral analysis we use is based on Fast Fourier Transforms (FFT) of our signal, which allows us to work with a limited sampled signal. Longer data records enable a better decomposition of the variability at each frequency (wavenumber) and thus a better separation of neighboring frequencies in the spectrum. However, for wavenumber spectra, long spatial data records can mix information from different geographical regimes, especially in the tropics where meridional sections cross the strong zonal currents, making their dynamical interpretation difficult.
On the other hand, the Tk05, Han and Dbp match well, with a near linear cascade of energy over the 30-1000 km wavelength range, and are more adapted for the tropics since they capture the main range of SSH mesoscale dynamics, particularly the spectral energy peaks around 1000 km wavelength. Ocean Sci. Discuss. , https://doi. org/10. 5194/os-2018-49 Manuscript under review for journal Ocean Sci. Discussion started: 28 June 2018 c Author(s) 2018. CC BY 4. 0 License. Similar calculations were performed for the zonal spectra (not shown) and confirm that the Tk01 method deforms the zonal spectra and flattens the spectral slope within the 70-250 km wavelength band as the data segment size decreases. Tk05, Han and Dbp 20° segment spectra match, although the Dbp has more noise at small scale. We also conducted a sensitivity test in the off-equatorial region (not shown): Flattening and deformation of the spectrum by Tk01 persist, but the 10° segments or 10° square box are long enough to capture the off-equatorial dynamics.
From 100 to 600 km, the SSH spectral slopes in the equatorial region are close to k -4 , consistent with the k -2 spectral slopes in EKEg. The fixed wavelength band used by previous studies [70-250 km] can be compared to this longer wavelength band. Using the fixed wavelength band leads to a slight reduction in the low-frequency SSH spectral slope estimate, but without a drastic modification. These results indicate that if the internal balanced dynamics of our 1/12° model were the main contribution to the altimetric SSH, then we would expect a k -4 (sQG) slope in the equatorial band, and closer to k -5 (QG) in the off-equatorial band. Fig. 8  also shows the alongtrack Topex/Poseidon SSH spectra over the same region and period as the G12d5 simulation. The altimetric data are selected with the same segment lengths, and with the same pre-processing and spectral filtering as in the model.
, 2016)  but is also present in the gridded maps (R. Ray, personal communication). In the future, a coherent internal tide correction may be applied to the alongtrack data based on  Ray and Zaron (2016) , to reduce some of this non-balanced signal. It is particularly important to remove the unbalanced internal wave signals from SSH before calculating geostrophic currents. But it is clear that the incoherent internal tide and internal gravity waves reach scales of 200 km in the tropics, and their signature in SSH remains a big issue for detecting balanced internal ocean currents from alongtrack altimetry and the future SWOT wide-swath altimeter mission. Removing this signal to detect purely balanced motions will be challenging, since filtering over 200 km removes much of the small-scale ocean dynamics of interest in the tropics.
On the other hand, there will also be a great opportunity to investigate the interaction of the internal tide and ocean dynamics in the tropics in the future, with both models and fine-scale altimetric observations. Ocean Sci. Discuss. , https://doi. org/10. 5194/os-2018-49 Manuscript under review for journal Ocean Sci. Discussion started: 28 June 2018 c Author(s) 2018. CC BY 4. 0 License. 3 ). The colors of the spectra refer to the geographical boxes where alongtrack data were averaged on the right.
Acknowledgments The authors wish to acknowledge  Ssalto/Duacs AVISO  who produced the altimeter products, with support from  CNES  (http://www. aviso. altimetry. fr/duacs/). The authors would like to thank the  DRAKKAR team  for providing them with the high resolution global ocean simulation, and especially  J. M. Molines  for his support. This work benefited from discussions with  J. Jouanno ,  F. Marin ,  Y. Morel  from  LEGOS. We particularly thank  J. Verron  (IGE),  C. Menesguen  (LOPS), and  X. Capet  ( LOCEAN ) for their time, and their fruitful comments. M. Tchilibou is funded by  Université de Toulouse 3. L. Gourdeau ,  G. Sérazin  are funded by  IRD ;  R. Morrow  is funded by  CNAP , and  B. Djath  was funded by  CNES. This work is a contribution to the joint  CNES/NASA SWOT  project " SWOT in the tropics " and is supported by the  French TOSCA programme.
Estimation and Conditioning Variables Our measure of structural equivalence is the main explanatory variable in rare-events logistic regression models of the form: L μ jk,t+1 = a + θstreq jk,t + X jk,t β + Z jk,t+1 Y + track rðt+1Þ + year yðt+1Þ , [ 2 ] where L is the logit transformation and μ jk,t + 1 is the probability that drivers J and K collide during race t + 1. Our unit of analysis is thus the dyad facing the hazard of a collision in each race in which that dyad appears over 45 seasons, from 1970 through 2014. We assign a 1 to the dyad's time-varying entry in the event vector if the Motorsportarchiv database recorded a collision between J and K, and a 0 otherwise (Supporting Information). Our most important conditioning variables in X jk,t and Z jk,t+1 (Supporting Information) are various dyad-level absolute differences (with corresponding sums), which we enter to disentangle the effect of structural equivalence from the effects of associated relational factors.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS. We are grateful for valuable insights to  Paulo Aversa ,  Gianluca Carnabuci ,  Martin Gargiulo ,  Andrew Shipilov ,  Niko de Silva ,  Catalina Stefanescu-Cuntze , and  Nghi Truong , and to seminar participants at  Cass ,  Imperial ,  INSEAD , and Oxford. We thank  Philipp Reineke  for extensive research assistance and gratefully acknowledge motorsportarchiv. defor making available data on F1. This work was supported by  National Research Foundation of Korea  Grant  NRF-2015S1A5B6037107 , funded by the  Korean Government.
Search strategy and selection criteria References for this review were identified by searching the PubMed/Medline database in August 2017. Relevant articles were identified using the following search terms alone and in varying combinations: "amyloid PET", "tau PET", "MRI", "structural MRI", "functional MRI", "FDG PET", "fluorodeoxyglucose PET", "TSPO PET", "diffusion tensor imaging", "arterial spin labeling", "magnetic resonance spectroscopy", "cognitively healthy", "normal cognition", "mild cognitive impairment", "subjective cognitive decline", "Alzheimer's disease". Papers published in English were included. Further references were obtained by screening references from retrieved articles and on the basis of the personal knowledge of the authors. In the case of topics already extensively covered in the literature, as was often the case for MCI, a reference article or review was selected by the authors.
In ADNI, the imaging protocol initially included structural MRI and a subgroup with amyloid PET, and was later complemented by FDG-PET and advanced MR techniques such as ASL, DTI, and rs-fMRI in ADNI-2. Subjects in ADNI-3 also undergo tau PET. In AIBL, the imaging protocol includes structural MRI and amyloid PET. Based on the literature reviewed in this paper, experience gained in other studies, and practical considerations, neuroimaging recommendations for the EPAD longitudinal cohort study have been formulated (Table  4 ). These recommendations are based on a combination of desired information richness, patient burden, stratification capabilities, and provision of run-in data for trials. The recommended core imaging protocol for the EPAD longitudinal cohort study consists of yearly MRI scans including isotropic 3D-T1 and 3D-FLAIR sequences, as well as a short 2D-T2W and 2D-T2* sequence to assess neurodegenerative and vascular pathology.
Funding This project has received support from the following  EU/EFPIA Innovative Medicines Initiatives  (1 and 2) Joint Undertakings: EPAD grant no. 115736 , AMYPAD grant no. 115952 , and  EMIF  grant no. 115372. FB was supported by the  NIHR  biomedical research centre at  UCLH. ME was supported by an  ERC career integration grant  ( PCIG12-GA-2012-334259 ), LMUexcellent and  Alzheimer Forschung Initiative. JW was supported by research grants from  Fondation Leducq, Medical Research Council ,  British Heart Foundation  and  Wellcome Trust.
In addition to document analysis of published and grey literature linked to the policy process, researchers drew on participant observation and observant participation of the political process. Data analysis consisted primarily of a thematic analysis of field-notes and semi-structured interviews with 65 relevant actors. Results: A coalition of local activists, state officials and national service providers transformed knowledge about a local innovation (an experimental therapeutic squat) into the rationale for a national, scientifically based project consisting of a randomised controlled trial of four state-supported Housing First sites, costing several million euros. The coalition's strategy was two-pronged, namely to defend a social cause (the right to housing) and to promote a scientifically validated means of realising positive outcomes (housing tenure) and cost-effectiveness (reduced hospitalisation costs).
Methods The study methodology involved a grounded theory constructivist approach  [15] , in which hypotheses are constantly reformulated throughout the recursive process of data collection and analysis. By equally privileging the points of view and situatedness of all actors, this methodology allows us to identify how all stakeholders appropriate or resist new policy and how their actions flow from particular interests and power relationships at hand. Specifically, the study distinguished the categories of actors involved and the heterogeneous worlds they came from (experts/community, central organisations/ local authorities and activists, etc. ) and the transactions that gave shape at given moments to alliances between actors in support of their involvement in collaborative processes. We also attempted to characterise the aspects through which actor beliefs and interests crystallised in the implementation of Housing First/Un Chez Soi d'Abord, or 'first a place of one's own' (henceforth Un Chez Soi d'Abord) and the formation process of actor coalitions.
The study of the political process was made by three sociologist researchers and one political scientist researcher. Three data sources were created, as follows: 1) For document analysis, documents directly and indirectly linked to the implementation of the experiment were collected. These included steering committee and research meeting minutes, guidelines, responses to calls for tender, internal regulations, national and local media releases, reports, and scientific and media articles. The corpus of documents was comprehensive; that is, no selection was made. 2) Field notes were kept of participant observation and observant participation. Participant observation is the classical ethnographic method of immersion, systematic observation and note-taking by an outsider of actions in the world being studied.
The network was further explored through the document analysis of the governance-related tools and devices it produced, namely calls for tender, research protocols, internal regulations, conventions, media releases, press releases, budgetary instruments, and minutes from local and national steering committee meetings. In addition, the political scientist collected pre-programme implementation planning documents from each of the four Un Chez Soi d' Abord RCT sites. She took notes at local and governmental meetings from which she developed 46 summaries, and of real-time sociopolitical observation of eight inter-ministerial meetings. In 2014, after reviewing data gathered so far, the research team decided to deepen their analysis by turning their attention to actors who were less visible than those officially responsible for the RCT in order to retrace how the experimental squat in Marseille had come into being.
Acknowledgements The authors would like to thank first  Hermann Händlhuber , who spent 8 years living on the street and accepted to run the experimental squat, night and day, over 18 months. We are grateful for the persuasive words he used that convinced the Minister of Health to make this experiment possible. The authors would like to thank the people involved in the experimental squat who agreed to read the paper and make comments:  Jo Ponsot ,  Sandrine Musso  and  Florence Bouillon. The authors further thank those involved voluntarily in the Housing First research project and who have experienced living on the street and/or psychiatric diagnoses:  Jean-Marc Legagneux ,  Emmanuelle Bourlier  and  Eglantine Simmonet. The authors express their gratitude to everyone who accepted to participate in this experiment, including the researchers and the social and health workers.
We aim to give an overview of the current available applications for this new device. The review was performed using the PubMed database. Search terms employed were ''ex vivo,'' ''reflectance confocal microscopy,'' "confocal laser scanning microscopy," This review aims to give an overview of the current available applications of ex vivo confocal microscopy (EVCM) in dermatology. EVCM is a relatively new imaging technique that allows microscopic examination of freshly excised unfixed tissue. It enables a rapid examination of the skin sample directly in the surgery room and thus represents an alternative to the intraoperative micrographic control of the surgical margins of cutaneous tumors by standard microscopic examination on cryopreserved sections during Mohs surgery. Although this technique has mainly been developed for the margin's control of basal cell carcinoma, many other skin tumors have been studied, including melanoma.
Study population The INTEROCC study comprises data from seven of the thirteen countries included in the international case-control study on mobile phone use and brain cancer risk, INTERPHONE  (Cardis et al. , 2007). In these seven countries, together with the mobile phone-specific data, detailed occupational information was also collected from study participants. Incident cases of primary brain tumors (i. e. glioma and meningioma) were identified between 2000 and 2004 in participating hospitals in the study regions of Australia, Canada, France, Germany, Israel, New Zealand and the United Kingdom. The core INTERPHONE protocol  (Cardis et al. , 2007)  included cases aged 30 to 59 years of age, though several countries included cases from a broader age range, including up to 69 years in Germany, 18 years and above in Israel and 18 to 69 years in the United Kingdom.
Data collection Detailed occupational-specific data were collected in seven of the thirteen INTERPHONE countries, which comprise the INTEROCC data. Study interviews took place between 2000 and 2004 and lifetime occupational history data were collected. A full occupational calendar for all jobs held for at least six months (including job title, start and stop date, and company name and description) was completed. In addition, the occupational questionnaire included screening questions designed to identify subjects with potential high levels of EMF exposure. The screening questions focused on work with or in the proximity of specific EMF sources with frequencies from 0 Hz to 300 GHz. A positive response to any of the screening questions led to more specific questions concerning the job in which this exposure occurred, including the tasks (e.
, 2016). To combine exposures from different-frequency sources within each frequency band (i. e. RF or IF), field intensities for each EMF source in the SEM were weighted using the frequency-dependent reference levels (RLs) issued by the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) for occupational exposure  (ICNIRP, 1998). For RF sources with different frequency ranges, E-and H-fields were weighted by the corresponding ICNIRP RLs. ICNIRP reference levels for frequencies above 10 MHz are obtained from basic restrictions for Specific Absorption Rate (SAR). Since the potential for biological effects is associated with the power or energy deposition and the squares of electric and magnetic fields are proportional to power  (Hitchcock, 2015) , we calculated squared ratios for RF E-and H-fields using available data from the SEM.