dataesr/scientific-paragraphs-categorization huggingface dataset:
In fact, if the data is separated from the 3D model file, it can be easily lost  [43]. Besides, if the archiving operator omits some important features of the digitized asset, this error can be fatal in the future. The first is very clear. The overall output must be usable for future processing (future-proof). The main problem with 3D models is the interoperability. For example, some proprietary (closed) file formats are becoming obsolete because of restrictions to their use (closed source and ad-hoc structure)  [43]. The inability to use custom software to process this data is a major drawback. These issues led to the creation of new 3D file formats like X3D, VRML and COLLADA, which are widely used nowadays. From another side, several metadata standardisation approaches exist. The most impactful one is the CIDOC-CRM, which is an ontology describing the relationships and the concepts used in the context of cultural documentation  [28, 43].
3D-COFORM Project (2008-12-01 to 2012-11-30). This project aim is to establish a tool for the digitisation of cultural heritage artefact to bring more realistic representations, better documentation and higher cost-effectiveness of digitisation. The 3D-COFORM project addresses all aspects of 3D-capture, 3D-processing, semantics of shape, material properties, metadata and provenance, integration with other sources (textual and other media), search, research and dissemination to the public and professional alike. 3D-COFORM also studies the business aspect for the exploitation of 3D aspects and the socio-economic impact  [30].
ArchéObjets 3D Project (2015-2016). The 'ArchéObjets 3D' Project is funded by Lyon University's PALSE IPEm. This project aims to develop a new 3D scanning technology for hand-held 3D devices like smartphones and tablets. The acquired data is then processed and used in the cultural heritage preservation context. The project main interest is to explore different aspects of 3D rendering and apply them to the various cultural heritage asset types  [51].
DURAARK Project (2013-02-01 to 2016-01-31). DURAARK project aim is to develop a new digital preservation framework for architectural data (especially preserving 3D data). This new approach will enhance and redefine access mechanisms, which are generally based on metadata schemes. The new approach will not only focus on the retrieval, but also on fully exploiting the data by different semantic levels. DURAARK will also focus on the future-proof of the preserved data  [48]. PREFORMA Project (2014-01-01 to 2017-12-31). PREFORMA  [53]  aim is to study and implement a better quality standardised file format for cultural information content preservation. It also focuses on formalizing a conformity process for the preservation input (tests and checks). PREFORMA intended to adapt known archival processes like the OAIS model, specify the critical factors and establish the quality standards that the input data must comply with in order to achieve a sustainable long term preservation.
• Interoperability and representation of 3D cultural heritage assets: The resulting 3D models must be available in a format that can be rendered for any content consuming platform such as different display types or different representation formats like virtual walk-through. Future 3D visualisation techniques are required following the fast development in the media industry. Hence, interactive visualisation of static 3D objects as well as dynamic visual experience by virtual walk-through is required. • Enrichment, content management and long term preservation: All digitised assets must be linked, annotated and semantically enriched. The content management shall support user annotation, search and retrieval capabilities as well as tools for user-specific data processing and visualisation. Data management should preferably be performed using cloud-based services and storage capabilities.
3) containing several thousand ppm of phosphorus. Some non-metallic slag inclusions reaching several 100 µm in size are also observed in the metallic matrix. These clamps are located outdoors on walls, in a vertical position (Figure  1b ). Meteorological data collected daily by the Metz-Frescaty weather station from 1981 to 2010 give an accurate estimate of the environmental conditions. The RH ranges between 70% and 90%, and the temperature ranges between 1 Frescaty weather station from 1981 to 2010 give an accurate estimate of the environmental conditions. The RH ranges between 70% and 90%, and the temperature ranges between 1 °C and 19 °C. Complete cross sections of the clamps were performed, using a slow speed diamond saw. These samples were mounted in epoxy resin, and prepared by grinding (SiC, grade 80-4000) and polishing (diamond paste, 3 and 1 µm) under ethanol.
The spectral resolution given by the CCD detector is 2 cm -1. As some iron oxides are very sensitive to laser exposure, density filters are used to control the laser power on the sample under 100 µW. Spectral acquisitions are performed with the Renishaw Wire 3. 2 software in an ultra-fast mode (StreamLine™, Renishaw, UK). The iron oxides and oxyhydroxides constituting the rust layer were quantified on spectra extracted from maps or acquired locally on the corrosion product layer (CPL) using a program developed in our laboratory, inspired from the CorATmos program developed by Monnier et al. [9] , and adapted to process data of maps with a very large number of spectra. This program, based on linear combinations of reference spectra of pure phases, fits each experimental spectrum between 200 and 800 cm -1 with a Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm in order to reach the proportion of the phases at each point of a map.
As well as presenting readers of this book with the perspectives of its contributing authors, a mix of international scholars and emerging researchers, on the under-explored field of manga, Manga Vision also provides readers with a unique multimedia experience. The hyperlinks and QR codes (quick response 3D printed barcodes) used throughout the volume invite you to explore a number of online components. Readers can view photographs of manga fans' actual cosplay practices, see examples of original manga artwork commissioned especially for this volume, listen to musical compositions inspired by the popular 'boys' love' genre of manga and access an extensive database of manga sound effects. Manga is a deeply intertextual medium, combining language and visuals, and Manga Vision aims to be the same.
'Cosplay' as a Community of Practice Data for this chapter derives from ethnographic field work that I conducted among members of cosplay communities in Australia between 2010 and 2012 for the creation of a doctoral thesis in anthropology. This multi-sited field work involved: participant observation at numerous cosplay events throughout the country, including thirteen Australian convention events, parties and social gatherings; personal participation as a cosplayer; in-depth, semi-structured interviews with twenty key informants; and the production, collection and analysis of cosplay-related texts, including photographs, videos, magazines and websites. In the tradition of anthropological studies of communities of practice (e. g. Grasseni, 2007; Lave, 1996) , ethnographic methods were used in order to best explore both the everyday, lived experiences of cosplayers as practitioners, and the material, digital and textual works they produce.
My field work was carried out in accordance with the 'follow the thing' ethnographic approach advocated by  Marcus (1998)  and it traced the many contexts in which cosplayers in Australia participate in the cosplay practice: as individuals, in friendship groups and circles, as part of official associations and guilds, in competition circuits and through online forums and websites. Exact numbers of participants in the Australian community are difficult to estimate. According to survey data collected by the organising committees of individual convention events (sites where cosplay is commonly practiced), they have attracted over ten thousand attendees, the majority of whom are aged between 16 and 35. 1 However, the number of those attendees who participate in costume is unrecorded. Studies of cosplay in Japan and the USA have argued that cosplay communities are predominantly comprised of female participants  (Lunning, 2011; Okabe, 2012).
While statistical data concerning the gender ratio of participants in Australian cosplay is not currently available, observations conducted during field work suggest that the gender ratio of participation may be similar to those in international communities. 2  As this chapter will discuss, cosplay practices are partly focused around events: anime, manga, and general pop culture conventions, competitions, parties and meet-ups, which are typically held in major capital cities. Australian cosplayers also engage heavily in online activities, including participating in forums and sharing photographs, videos and tutorials on cosplay websites and social networks. Drawing on the concept developed by Lave and  Wenger (1991) , the Australian cosplay scene can be described as a community or as communities of practice -they are social groups centred upon shared participation in a particular practice, a practice with its own values, structures, body of knowledge and 1 Interview with  Dustin Wilson, AVCon Promotions Co-ordinator, 2010.
Costume Construction Cosplay construction activities usually begin by the cosplayer deciding to re-create a particular character, such as Sebastian Michaelis of Kuroshitsuji  (Toboso, 2006)  or Yuki Kuran of Vampire Knight  (Hino, 2005). Australian cosplayers tend to focus on the character as an entity that can be extracted from particular narratives or mediums in a similar manner to the practices of Azuma's database otaku  (2012). The reasons cosplayers reported for choosing a particular character were varied, and included a personal identification with or admiration of the character, the character's aesthetic appeal and the technical challenges provided by the construction of the character's outfit.
Today, anime magazines interact with writers and creators much less. This activity has largely been taken on by dōjinshi. These trends are seen in the evolution of the formats of the magazines themselves. They do not simply reflect trends in animation style and content, they also reflect the changing relationship between the readers and publishers. While aspiring manga and anime professionals may have once made impromptu visits to studios (see  Break Time, 1984, p. 17)  or become involved through personal acquaintance, the proliferation of animation schools and academies is establishing a structure for entry into the industry. It remains to be seen if software like MikuMikuDance will provide budding animators with their big breaks. 6 Even if this were to happen, the independent nature of such productions would relegate most (if not all) discussion and critique to online forums and blogs rather than the pages of an anime magazine.
The onomatopoeia and mimesis in these ten volumes were analysed ac cording to script in the ST (hiragana, katakana, kanji or roman alphabet) and the translation and typographic strategies used in the TT (based on the theoretical framework outlined above). In total, over 1,400 unique pairs of Japanese onomatopoeia/mimesis (transcribed using the 'wapuro' method of romanisation to facilitate digital management processes and retrieval) and their English translations were collected and entered into a database for analysis, and for use as a glossary, available at: http://www. mangastudies. com/sfx/.
The TecDocNet Guideline, published in 2005, describes professional education and training of technical communicators in Europe. It also includes a general description of the professional field, and descriptions of the current state of the profession and of the challenges the profession faces. The TecDocNet Guideline will be updated, based on new data and insights gathered from the project. Both the profiling tool and the updated TecDocNet Guideline will be published at the end of the project, in autumn 2018.
A typical learning goal in this module is "Determine and specify the product-specific themes for which information needs to be obtained". The module on creating and testing discusses all topics that are related to the most important tasks of technical communicators: creating and testing an information product for a specified target group. An overview of this module is shown in Table  4. Students in specialisation curricula such as this prototypical one should not only be able to understand the core tasks of technical communicators, they should be able to create and test an information product (on a basic level). Therefore, higher-level learning goals are included in this module, for example applying and analysing. The module "Supporting planning and creation" is concerned with a range of tools that technical communicators use to be able to create complex information products, such as mark-up languages, databases and content management systems.
Thirteen non-collagenous extracellular matrix proteins specific to hard dental tissues have been selected, searched in the publicly available sequence databases of Neanderthal and Denisova individuals and compared with modern human genome data. A total of 16 non-synonymous polymorphisms were identified in 6 proteins (ameloblastin, amelotin, cementum protein 1, dentin matrix acidic phosphoprotein 1, enamelin and matrix Gla protein). Most of them are encoded by dentin and enamel genes located on chromosome 4, previously reported to show signs of archaic introgression within Africa. Among the variants shared with modern humans, two are ancestral (common with apes) and one is the derived enamelin major variant, T648I (rs7671281), associated with a thinner enamel and specific to the Homo lineage.
This variant, in addition to T648I (rs7671281) in the enamelin protein, emphasizes the role a single amino acid change may play in tooth morphostructure. In light of these data, the present study aimed to investigate whether tooth protein variants in archaic hominins could provide valuable molecular information to help understand past and present human dental morphostructural variability. To do this, the Neanderthal and Denisovan sequences of the main non-collagenous extracellular matrix proteins of tooth hard tissues (listed in Table  1 ) were retrieved from publicly available databases  [44] [45] [46]  and were compared with modern human proteins. The detected variants were analyzed for their ancestry, their putative functional impact, and their frequency and regional distribution in living populations, based on informations collected from online databases and the literature.
Methods The coding sequences of 13 non-collagenous proteins characteristic of tooth tissues (listed in Table  1 ) were extracted from the publicly available exome database  [44]  that includes three Neanderthal specimens, the Altaï pedal phalanx (Altaï Mountain Cave, Siberia) and the bone fragments Vi33. 15 (Vindija cave, Croatia) and SD1253 (El Sidron cave, Spain). The sequences were aligned to the reference Homo sapiens protein sequences in Uniprot (http://www. uniprot. org/). In addition, the tooth protein variants in Denisova  [45]  and in the incomplete reads of other Neanderthal individuals were searched in the Neandertal Genome Analysis Consortium Tracks on the UCSC Genome Browser website (https://genome-euro. ucsc. edu/; GRCh37/hg19 Assembly)  [48]. Among the 13 proteins, amelogenins, particularly the Yencoded form (AMELY), could not be correctly analyzed because of a poor sequence coverage.
Likewise, the sequence of the cementum protein 1 was only available in the Denisova genome. For each variant found, the amino acid change was compared with the chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) and gorilla (Gorilla gorilla) proteins in Uniprot in order to assess ancestry. The frequency and the putative phenotype of the protein polymorphism in present-day people was searched in the public Ensembl project database (http://www. ensembl. org/; Ensembl release 84-March 2016)  [49]. The geographical distribution maps of the dental protein variants were generated by querying each polymorphism in the online Geography of Genetic Variants Browser (http://popgen. uchicago. edu/ggv/) that compiles Single Nucleotide Variant information from public genomic datasets such as the 1000 Genome Project Consortium  [50].
Acknowledgments We are very grateful to  M Gibert ,  P Balaresque ,  N Brucato  and  E Crube  ´zy (AMIS, Toulouse) and  J-S Saulnier-Blache  ( I2MC, Toulouse ) for helpful discussion and comments during the preparation and the revision of the manuscript. We also thank  X Mata  ( AMIS, Toulouse ) for advice on bioinformatics. The work was supported by  CNRS  (PEPS blanc 2016) and IFRO (2016). The present version greatly benefited from the comments provided by the Editors and three anonymous reviewers.
Study design To gain insight into the occurrence and burden of TEAEs associated with AAPs, focus groups with patients with MDD and interviews with patients with schizophrenia were conducted at two qualitative research facilities: one in Raleigh, North Carolina, USA, and one in St. Louis, Missouri, USA. Although focus groups are more efficient in terms of the time required for data collection and appropriate for data collection in the MDD patient population, previous studies have demonstrated that individual interviews are more successful in obtaining adequate feedback from individuals with schizophrenia, as these patients are generally more comfortable discussing their symptoms and experiences on an individual basis  [26]. A physician focus group was also conducted with psychiatrists at the North Carolina location to obtain their perspectives on the occurrence and importance of TEAEs in these patient populations.
Physician and patient recruitment Patients were selected from the individual site databases of general community residents who had previously agreed to be contacted for potential research opportunities. Patients were identified and screened, based on their own reports, to meet the inclusion criteria of being an English-speaking adult with a clinician-administered diagnosis of MDD or schizophrenia, taking one or more AAPs within the past year, and reporting one or more TEAEs associated with an AAP. The AAPs included were: aripiprazole, asenapine, clozapine, iloperidone, lurasidone, olanzapine, paliperidone, quetiapine, risperidone, or ziprasidone. Physicians interested in participating in the study were identified from the North Carolina site database. Each physician was selected by meeting the criteria of being a practicing psychiatrist providing direct care of adult patients with MDD and/ or schizophrenia and regular treatment of these patients with AAP medication (e.
Therefore, the results may not be able to be generalized to a larger or transnational patient or physician population. Further, patient reports proved insufficient for concluding valid results on certain queries. In particular, TEAE onset was investigated because patients are more likely to experience TEAEs early in treatment that may or may not resolve as the patient continues with the treatment. Unfortunately, onset was difficult to determine for most patients and varied greatly in the cases where it was able to be determined. Finally, the data quantitation used a "top 3 box approach. " While this approach enabled the intuitive comparison of perspectives across small and varied sample sizes, this method can also cause a loss of precision. Finally, although unlikely to have affected the study outcomes, the study was funded by a pharmaceutical company and the participating patients and physicians received honoraria for their time.
Acknowledgements This study was funded by a doctoral fellowship granted by the  Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle (Paris). Many people deserve thanks for their contributions. We would like to particularly thank  Marie-Pierre Ruas ,  Salvador Bailon  and  Jean-Bernard Huchet  for their help with the taxonomic identification of plants, amphibians and insects, respectively. We would also like to thank  Michel Lemoine  for making the SEM pictures with the neoscope of the "plateau archébotanique de l' UMR 7209 équipement programme CoBota-IdF ". We also thank  Philip Hindley  and  Eréndira Quintana Morales  for the English proofreading and for their valuable comments. The authors express their thanks also to the anonymous reviewers for their valuable critical comments.
Ce type de dictionnaire a une norme de codage inhérente au phénomène de rétroconversion. À ce dictionnaire informatisé, on opposera le dictionnaire électronique, qui est conçu dans un but de traitement automatique (reconnaissance ou génération). Toutes les informations y sont explicites et reproductibles. Puisqu'il a pour objectif le traitement automatique, il ne s'appuie pas sur des rectifications analogiques qu'un lecteur humain est en mesure de faire quand une information est incomplète. Ce type de dictionnaire ne présuppose pas une connaissance préalable de la langue et du monde. Seules les informations qui lui sont fournies et sa structuration permettent de reconnaître ou de construire les phrases d'une langue naturelle. Un dictionnaire électronique est une base de données cohérente, qui n'existe que sur support électronique et qui n'a donc pas subi d'informatisation.
Aux dictionnaires informatisés, mis à la disposition de l'utilisateur humain doté d'une connaissance linguistique, s'opposent les dictionnaires électroniques, les bases de données, uniquement élaborés pour être utilisés par des programmes informatiques… et dépourvus, normalement, de connaissances linguistiques. Face au caractère inachevé des dictionnaires traditionnels et à leur grande part d'implicite apparait la nécessaire complétude des dictionnaires électroniques susceptibles d'analyser les mots d'un texte et le caractère obligatoirement explicite de leurs informations. Enfin, l'association étroite des dictionnaires électroniques à des programmes de traitement automatique impose une cohérence structurelle des entrées. L'émergence de ces dictionnaires s'inscrit dans la mouvance du traitement automatique du langage (TAL), discipline visant à traiter de façon automatique, c'est-à-dire par le biais de l'outil informatique, les données linguistiques de tout genre  (COUGNON et FAIRON, 2009).
SAXS patterns were collected with an exposure time of 30 ms using a Pilatus 2M detector at full resolution (1475 × 1679 pixels of 172 × 172 μm 2 ). This configuration provided a measurable q-range of 0. 01-4. 1 nm -1 where q is the norm of the scattering vector q = 4πsinθ/λ and θ is the scattering angle. The two dimensional SAXS patterns were azimuthally integrated using the FIT2D software package  [35]. The one dimensional profiles were subsequently analyzed using a dedicated SAXS analysis library written in Python. Several structural parameters relating to the mineral nanoparticle size, lateral organization and orientation can thus be determined following procedures established by  Fratzl et al. for bone studies, see, e. g. [36]. The average chord length, the so-called T parameter, can be considered as a standard parameter in the SAXS analysis of bone in both the medical  [37] [38]  and the archaeological context  [39] [40] [41].
Statistical analysis Differences between data sets were assessed using non-parametric Mann Witney U tests using the stats module of the scipy Python package  [48]  and R software  [49]. p < 0. 05 was considered to be significant (and p < 0. 01 highly significant). A 90% confidence interval for the difference between two data sets was also calculated when significant. The degree of correlation between two variables was assessed by calculating the Spearman correlation coefficient ρ.