dataesr/scientific-paragraphs-categorization huggingface dataset:
Data availability The sequencing data pertaining to MM are available from the European Genomephenome archive (EGA) database under the accession code EGAD00001003309. The sequencing data pertaining to CLL are available from EGA under the accession code EGAS00000000092. The published and unpublished AML sequencing data are available from dbGAP under the accession code phs000178 and from EGA dbGAP under the accession code EGAD00001005028, respectively. The breast cancer WGSs are available from the EGA under the accession code EGAS00001001178  20. All the other data supporting the findings of this study are available within the article and its supplementary information files and from the corresponding author upon reasonable request. A reporting summary for this article is available as a Supplementary Information file.
Consent to participate was not obtained in 165 cases, 27 children were lost before the MRI assessment, 21 were excluded because of dental braces, 34 had brain scans of poor quality and 58 had missing data (Fig. 1 ). The final MRI sample included 186 children (49% of girls, median age at MRI of 9. 7 years). All parents or tutors signed the informed consent form approved by the Research Ethical Committee (No. 2010/41221/I) of the IMIM-Parc de Salut Mar. , Barcelona, Spain and the FP7-ERC-2010-AdG Ethics Review Committee (268479-22022011).
Acknowledgments We acknowledge  Cecilia Persavento  ( Research Technician, ISGlobal ),  Judit González  (ISGlobal),  Laura Bouso  (Research Technician, CREAL),  Mónica López  ( Predoctoral Fellow, ISGlobal ) and  Pere Figueras  ( Research technician, CREAL ) for their contribution to the field work. We also acknowledge all the families and schools participating in the study. ISGlobal is a member of the  CERCA Programme, Generalitat de Catalunya.
The samples were observed with an Olympus BX51 (Olympus Italia Srl, Milan, Italy) microscope using a 60x objective either under bright field conditions or in fluorescence (100 W mercury lamp) using a 450-480 nm exitation filter, 500 nm dichroic mirror, and 515 nm barrier filter. Images were recorded with an QICAM Fast 1394 digital camera (QImaging, Surrey, BC, Canada) and pro-cessed using Image-Pro Plus 7. 0 software (Media Cybernetics Inc. , Rockville, MD, USA). Fluorescent HA-NPs were also stained in suspension: briefly, 100 μL of AB solution were mixed with an equal volume of NPs solution for 2 h at room temperature. A drop of suspension of these AB-stained HA-NPs was placed onto a glass slide under a coverslip, and observed at the microscope, under the same conditions as above. For TEM, control cells and cells treated with HA-NPs were fixed with 3% (v/v) glu-  taraldehyde in PBS pH 7 for 30 min at room temperature, treated with AB as for light microscopy,  25  post-fixed with 1% OsO 4 for 1 h at room temperature, dehydrated with acetone and embedded in Epon resin as previously described.
29 As a control of staining specificity, some samples were processed as above described but, before AB treatment, the cells were incubated with 1 mg/ml of hyaluronidase (Sigma H3506) in normal saline for 1 h at room temperature. Ultrathin sections were observed without lead staining in a Philips Morgagni transmission electron microscope (FEI Company Italia Srl, Milan, Italy) operating at 80 kV and equipped with a Megaview II camera for digital image acquisition. The images were processed using Image-Pro Plus 7. 0 software (Media Cybernetics Inc. , Silver Spring, MD, USA). Technical Note.
Sociodemographic and clinical data were collected. Chronotypes were assessed using the Horne-Ostberg Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (ME). Results: Overall, 56% of patients showed an indifferent chronotype while 24% had a morning type and 20% had an evening type. No statistically significant correlations were found between sociodemographic or clinical data and a specific type of chronotype in our sample. Analysis showed a significant effect of lithium on the chronotype (p < 0. 0001) with patients displaying morning preferences. No correlations were found between other types of mood stabilizers and the chronotype. Conclusion: Chronobiology and circadian vulnerability are important fields of investigation to understand the pathophysiology of BD. https://doi. org/10. 1016/j. ibror. 2019.
Data collection Data were collected through semi-structured individual interviews with 17 people and a focus group meeting consisting of 8 people. Two face to face individual interviews were conducted with one of the participants because of more explaining about questions of study and resolve of some ambiguities in the first interview. In total, 18 individual interviews were conducted. A focus group discussion was held to enrich individual interviews and promote rigor of collected data. The investigator visited a charity institution providing home-based palliative care to patients with advanced cancer in order to have access to the potential participants. First interview was conducted with professionals involved in home-based palliative care. Then, data collection continued in other settings.
In order to access authentic and real information, the investigator established a close and direct relationship with the participants. Data collection continued until data saturation achieved, and the participants did not provide new information and no new data obtained from the interviews  [15]. A general question was asked, "What is your experience of home-based palliative care?" The researcher directed the interviews towards achieving the objectives of the study through probing questions. During the study, it should be noted that the main question of the study changed in minor ways in light of the obtained information based on the purpose of the study. The duration of each individual interview was between 15 and 40 min, and the focus group discussion lasted about 83 min. All interviews were recorded using an electronic device.
Data collection Data were collected using paper case report forms and electronic files from the ICDs at each follow-up. Adverse events and hospitalizations were documented and classified by the sponsor's safety officer. All shocks recorded in the electronic files were independently adjudicated by a Clinical Event Committee (CEC), consisting of a board of 3 independent, experienced electrophysiologists. Final adjudication was obtained by the agreement of 2 electrophysiologists. The CEC was responsible for classifying all shocks as VT, ventricular fibrillation (VF), AF, supraventricular tachycardia (SVT), junctional tachycardia, noise (signal unrelated to cardiac activity), or undetermined. The CEC also determined whether the shock was appropriate (Yes, No, or Not Known). A shock was considered appropriate when it delivered on a VT or VF, and inappropriate for any other reason.
Acknowledgments The authors would like to thank the 3 members of the  CEC  who reviewed shocks:  Dr Sandra Cabrera-Gómez  ( Hospital del Mar, Spain ),  Dr Pablo S anchez-Mill an (Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Spain) , and  Dr Eloy Domínguez-Mafé  ( Hospital General de Castellón, Spain );  Francoise Tondu  for statistical expertise; and  Anne Rousseau-Plasse, PhD , and  John Plant, BPharm , for editorial assistance.
This work thus serves as a proof of concept that reliable crosscorrelation measurements can indeed be achieved without CMB temperature information, providing a more robust measurement against galactic and extragalactic foregrounds (e. g. Smith et al. 2009; Challinor et al. 2018). The outline of this paper is as follows: in Sec. 2 we introduce the datasets used in this analysis and in Sec. 3 we briefly review the theoretical background of CMB lensing-galaxy cross-correlation. The analysis methods are described in Sec. 4, while results are presented in Sec. 5. Finally, we draw our conclusions in Sec. 6. Throughout the paper, unless otherwise stated, we assume a flat ΛCDM cosmological model described by the best-fit parameters from Planck 2018 TTTEEE + lowE + lensing chains provided by Planck Collaboration (2018a).
Assuming that the data maps are composed by the sum of a sky signal, a sky noise, and pixel domain noise, we perform an inverse-variance filtering and output the E/B multipoles. Note that only E/B harmonic modes between 500 ≤ ≤ 2700 are retained before being passed to the quadratic estimator. For each patch, we reconstruct the CMB lensing convergence κ using the EE and EB estimators as κXY (L) = A XY L d 2 (2π) 2 w XY ,L X( ) Ȳ (L -), (1) where X and Ȳ are either the filtered E-or B-modes, and L are the wavevectors in the two-dimensional Fourier space, A XY L is a function that normalizes the estimate, and w XY ,L denotes the lensing weight functions (see  Hu & Okamoto (2002)  for the exact expressions). More details about the reconstruction of CMB lensing with Polarbear can be found in POLARBEAR Collaboration (2019).
Galaxy Overdensities Map We used publicly available data 1  from the Herschel Astrophysical Terahertz Large Area Survey (H-ATLAS,  Eales et al. 2010 ). H-ATLAS is an open-time key program on the Herschel Space Observatory  (Pilbratt et al. 2010)  that has surveyed about 600 deg 2 of the sky in five bands between 100 and 500 µm with two cameras, the Photodetector Array Camera and Spectrometer (PACS,  Poglitsch et al. 2010 ) and the Spectral and Photometric Imaging Receiver (SPIRE,  Griffin et al. 2010). Two of the survey's five fields overlap with the Polarbear survey -the South Galactic Pole (SGP) and GAMA 12 (G12) fields. The H-ATLAS mapmaking is described by  Valiante et al. (2016) ;  Smith et al. (2017) , while the source extraction, catalogue generation, and optical identification can be found in  Bourne et al.
Power Spectrum Estimation We measure the cross-correlation signal between CMB lensing and the spatial galaxy distribution in the Fourier domain. As a first step, we perform a real-space convolution between both the CMB lensing κ and δg data maps and a tapering function, in order to minimize the noise leakage from large scale to small scales (e. g. ,  Das et al. 2009). Even though the convolution is performed in real-space, we use simulations to evaluate the corresponding transfer function F L that allows us to deconvolve the final cross-power spectrum measurement for its effect following  Hivon et al. (2002). The shape of the filter function in the Fourier domain is shown in Fig. 3. After multiplying the convolved maps by the mask, we calculate the Fourier transforms of the observed fields κ( ) and δg ( ), and estimate the 1D cross-power spectrum of the windowed maps in the flat-sky approximation as Ĉκg L = f -1 sky κ( ) δ * g ( ) ∈L , (11) where denotes the real part of a complex quantity, the average is over all the pixels in the Fourier plane = ( x , y ) that fall within the bandpower associated to L, and the " ˆ" indicates quantities measured from the data.
e. the diagonal component of the covariance matrices. The covariance matrices C LL are estimated in a Monte Carlo (MC) approach by cross-correlating the observed H-ATLAS density maps with 500 simulated Polarbear lensing convergence maps. We have checked that cross-correlating the true Polarbear CMB lensing convergence maps with simulated galaxy density maps with statistical properties that match that of the data yields comparable error bars.
Polarbear Suite The Polarbear suite definition follows PB17 and consists of 12 different data splits sensitive to multiple sources of instrumental systematic contamination, such as contaminations due to the atmosphere or the telescope sidelobes pickup, systematic effects in the telescope beam or detector response, and vibrations due to the telescope motion. From the two halves of each Polarbear suite data splits we reconstruct two CMB convergence maps and then take the difference between them before computing the null cross-power spectrum with the galaxy density.
The linear galaxy bias inferred by fitting the Planck × H-ATLAS cross-power spectrum Ĉκg L to the theoretical model is b = 3. 43 ± 0. 51, roughly 2σ away from the central value found in our analysis. This corresponds to an effective host halo mass of about log 10 (M h /M ) = 12. 9 +0. 2 -0. 2. When including the amplitude A, the MCMC analysis reveals a constraint of bA = 3. 40 ± 0. 51. We also stress that our measurement fundamentally differs from the one based on Planck data. While Polarbear lensing convergence maps have been obtained from polarization data only, where the strength of both thermal Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (tSZ) and CIB emissions is greatly reduced because they both are essentially unpolarized, the Planck CMB lensing map is dominated by the information provided by CMB temperature (even though the released map is a minimum variance one and includes also polarization data).
The  POLARBEAR  project is funded by the  National Science Foundation  under Grants No. AST-0618398  and No. AST-1212230. The  James Ax Observatory operates in the Parque Astronómico Atacama in Northern Chile  under the auspices of the  Comisión Nacional de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica de Chile (CON-ICYT). Work at the University of Melbourne  is supported by an  Australian Research Council's Future Fellowship  ( FT150100074 ). This research was supported in part by the  RADIOFOREGROUNDS  project, funded by the  European Commissions H2020 Research Infrastructures  under the Grant Agreement 687312, and by the  ASI-COSMOS Network of the Italian Space Agency  (cosmosnet. it). We also acknowledge support by the  IN-DARK INFN Initiative. GF acknowledges the support of the  CNES postdoctoral fellowship.
18K13558 ,  18H04347. FM acknowledges the support by the  World Premier International Research Center Initiative (WPI) ,  MEXT, Japan  and  JSPS  fellowship (Grant number  JP17F17025 ). AK acknowledges the support by  JSPS Leading Initiative for Excellent Young Researchers (LEADER)  and by the  JSPS KAKENHI  Grant Number  JP16K21744. Work at LBNL is supported in part by the  U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of High Energy Physics , under contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. This work was supported by  MEXT KAK-ENHI  grant Nos. 21111002  and  JP15H05891 ,  JSPS KAKENHI  grant Nos. JP26220709 ,  JP26800125 , and  JP18H05539 , and the  JSPS   Core-toCore Program. The APC group acknowledges travel support from  Labex Univearths. We acknowledge the use of many python packages: IPython (Pérez & Granger 2007), matplotlib (Hunter 2007), scipy (Jones et al.
Data analysis A total of 210 associations from the 30 physicians and 210 associations from the 30 patients were grouped into subthemes and themes, with a triangulation of the data between the first two authors. For each subtheme and theme we calculated occurrence frequency, median rank of importance, and the polarity index. The polarity index was obtained from the following formula: [P = (number of positive associations -number of negative associations) / total number of associations]. It varies between -1 and +1: • If P is between -1 and -0. 05: most associations are negatively connoted. • If P is between -0. 04 and +0. 04: equality between positive and negative associations. • If P is between +0. 05 and +1: most associations have positive connotations  [21]. To compare physicians and patients, we chose to measure the extent of differences of opinion.
Acknowledgements L. Letrilliart ¹ R. Ecochard ² C. Pulcini ³ ¹ Département  de médecine générale - Université de Lyon 1 -Domaine Rockefeller -8, avenue Rockefeller -69373 Lyon cedex 08 ² Département de biostatistiques ,  Hospices Civils de Lyon. ³  Université de Lorraine ,  EA 4360 APEMAC -Nancy ;  Antibiolor -Nancy ;  CHRU de Nancy, Service de Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales -Hôpitaux de Brabois -Rue du Morvan, 54511 Vandoeuvre-Lès-Nancy -France.
Effect of oil to methanol feed ratio on the reaction Regarding the alcohol: oil molar ratio, its effect was examined based on the reaction mechanism determined previously. Theoretically, the transesterification reaction requires three moles of methanol to convert one mole of triglycerides to methyl ester. Since the reaction is carried out in three reversible stages, to favour and increase the conversion rate by the Chatelier principle, an excess of alcohol must be added to the reaction mixture. As it can be seen from Fig. 10. The simulation of the effect of methanol on the rate of reaction was realised with initial data input [TG] 0 ¼ 0. 74 mol/l, [CH3OH] ¼ 6*[TG] 0 and 1wt% of KOH at 65 C. The yield of ME after 60 minutes increases proportionally with the increase of alcohol excess. For methanol: oil ratios higher than 6:1, the increase of yield, after 1 h   of reaction, is insignificant.
Ultrasound provides a greater spatial resolution than MRI, allowing for detailed assessment of proximal and distal connective tissues in skeletal muscles, such as intramuscular tendon as well as intra-and peri-muscular aponeurosis. Compared to MRI, there is paucity of data regarding the clinical relevance of ultrasound findings in acute muscle injuries, with controversial results regarding their prognostic value  8, 22. Furthermore, no previous ultrasound studies attempted to specifically identify involvement of muscular connective tissues in acute muscle injuries and its relationship with recovery times in athletes. In order to demonstrate the prognostic value of ultrasound in assessing acute muscle injuries, we aimed to assess the relationships between ultrasound features of muscle injuries and the time needed to RTP in a sample of elite athletes followed at the (blinded), including ultrasound features of connective tissue involvement.
Methods Seventy consecutive elite athletes from several sports at (blinded) were retrospectively included in our study from 2011 to 2014 if they sustained an acute muscle injury showing positive findings on ultrasound at baseline. Ultrasound was systematically performed at the department of radiology of (blinded) within 7 days after the injury. Clinically, we defined acute muscle injuries as those where athletes complained of acute pain in a given muscle group, which immediately prevented the athlete from any activity in training or competition. Only muscle injuries from an indirect (intrinsic) mechanism were included in our study. Athletes were excluded in case of history of previous injuries involving the same muscle group affected by an acute injury. All athletes included had follow-up data regarding the length of time to RTP after muscle injuries.
All elite athletes included in our study followed the same treatment protocol at (blinded), adapted for each muscle group involved. The rehabilitation program was considered as successfully completed when sports-specific activities could be performed by the athlete without any restriction or pain. For each athlete, the time needed to RTP was noted by the sports medicine physician as the number of weeks between each acute muscle injury (day zero) and the return to unrestricted activity in training or competition. The supervising sports medicine physician gave the definite clearance for RTP. We tested if there were differences in the time needed to RTP (in weeks) between the different grades of acute muscle injuries detected in our cohort using ultrasound. Further, we tested if there were differences in RTP between "M" and "C" injuries detected, including data on the whole sample of athletes, on the most common sport only, and on the most common muscle group affected only.
The non-parametric Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used to assess the differences in RTP between the different groups and grades of muscle injuries. The Bonferroni correction method was applied when multiple comparisons were performed. The hypothesis log-rank test and Kaplan-Meier plots were used to compare the means of time needed to RTP in the different groups and grades of injuries. The inter-reader reliability of ultrasound assessments was evaluated using kappa statistics. Statistical significance was set at 0. 05. All analyses were performed using the SAS software version 9. 4 (SAS Institute, Cary NC).
We thus fix the fitting parameters of the pCDW and linear background in Eq. 1. Here the fixed fitting parameters are from data that just above the lCDW transition temperature. Figure  S1  shows the fitted RIXS intensity near the lCDW critical temperature along the H direction. The volume of CDW is estimated by the integrated intensity defined as: I int = P I * HWHM 2 (2) where HWHM = √ 2 -1 * P wid is the half-width-athalf-maximum. Typeset by REVT E X arXiv:1906. 07149v3 [cond-mat. supr-con] 28 Aug 2019.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS H. M. and M. P. M. D. acknowledge  V. Bisogni ,  J. Tranquada  and  I. Robinson  for insightful discussions. This material is based upon work supported by the  U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences ,  Early Career Award Program  under Award No. 1047478. Work at  Brookhaven National Laboratory  was supported by the  U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences , under Contract No. de-sc00112704. RIXS measurements were performed at the ID32 beamline of the  European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF). J. L. acknowledges financial support from  Italian MAECI  through projects  SUPERTOP-PGR04879  and  AR17MO7 , from  MIUR  though project  PRIN 2017Z8TS5B  and from  Regione Lazio  ( L. R. 13/08 ) under project  SIMAP.
Behavioral Paradigms Experiments were performed 24 h after WIN or vehicle administration in a sound attenuated chamber under dim light conditions (15-25 lux). Animals were handled two consecutive days before starting the behavioral tests and adapted to the room laboratory conditions 1 h before the tests. They were tested in a 45 × 45 cm Plexiglass arena with ±2 cm of wood shavings covering the floor. Drug treatments were counterbalanced by cage (mates were allocated to different treatment groups). Behavioral procedures were performed between 10:00 am and 3:00 pm. All sessions were recorded using a video camera using the Ethovision XT 13. 0 video tracking software (Noldus, Netherlands) and analyzed by a trained observer who was unaware of treatment condition.
Data Analysis The magnitude of plasticity was calculated 35-40 min after and compared to the average of baseline response. fEPSP were analyzed with Clampfit 10. 6. 2. 2 (Molecular Devices, LLC). Statistical analysis of data was performed with Prism 6 (GraphPad Software) using tests indicated in the main text after outlier subtraction (ROUT's test). The number of outliers is indicated in the main text. Statistical tests were chosen based on normality distribution according to D'Agostino-Pearson normality test. Graph values are given as mean ± SEM and table values are given as median and interquartiles ranges. Statistical significance was set at p < 0. 05 (two-tailed).
Together, these data show that during puberty, SCE is sufficient to alter social behavior in a sex-specific manner: play behavior was specifically reduced in females while males were spared. In adults, SCE caused a general impairment in sociability, exhibited by a reduced number of events related to the total social contacts and sniffing in both male and female rats. Additional groups of pubescent and adult rats, from either sex, were evaluated in the open field test 24 h after WIN administration. As shown in Figure  3 , previous WIN administration did not alter pubescent rats' behavior in the open field test, since there was no change in the total distance traveled in either male or female groups treated with win (Figure  3A , male: U = 20, p = 0. 138; female: U = 39, p = 0. 435; Mann-Whitney U-test).