dataesr/scientific-paragraphs-categorization huggingface dataset:
Catheter ESI was defined as the presence of purulent discharge from the catheter or marked peri-catheter swelling, redness, tenderness with or without pathogenic germs cultured. If available, data on cardiological ultra-sounds were recorded. LVH was defined as a left ventricular mass index > 38 g/m 2,7  according to the definition of the International Pediatric Peritoneal Dialysis Network  [16]. We used the International Pediatric Peritoneal Dialysis Network calculator to define the left ventricular mass index according to height, left ventricular end-diastolic diameter, posterior wall thickness and intraventricular septal diastolic thickness (www. pedpd. org). HTN was defined as blood pressure ! 95th percentile for age and height according to the TASK Force on Blood Pressure Control in Children  [17].
Neurodevelopmental outcomes Data concerning the head circumference SDS at PD start were collected in 11 patients with a head circumference SDS of -1. 0 (-4. 9;1. 3), decreasing at -1. 1 (-5. 0;0. 4) after 6 months of PD to -1. 2 (-3. 6;0. 7) one year after PD start (P = NS) between PD initiation and one year after PD initiation. Data were insufficient to assess the cranial perimeter at the end of PD and beyond this date. Neurological status of the 16 surviving patients was reviewed. After a follow-up of 4. 3 (1. 7;10. 3) years, seven patients displayed neurodevelopmental delay with five patients needing special schooling. Among those seven patients, four presented with severe extra-renal comorbidities, and notably two had perinatal asphyxia with hypoxia. One perinatal asphyxia occurred in a context of congenital nephrotic syndrome with neonatal vascular stroke resulting in right hemiplegia.
Sample and Data The data in informal firms in Kosovo are scarce, which may account for there being no empirical evidence on this topic thus far. The survey presented here, with a sample size of 243 informal firms, was carried out by the authors of this paper in 2016 using a questionnaire tailored to the specifics of the informal sector. The sample consists of firms not registered with the Tax Administration, thus avoiding taxes. In addition, these firms employ workers without contractual arrangements so as to avoid paying income taxes on salaries and pension contributions. To check the applicability of the survey questionnaire, a pilot survey conducted interviews with eight informal firms. It was concluded that the survey questionnaire was applicable to the informal sector, and the pilot test was also useful in finding the appropriate approach with which to access informal firms.
64 A convenience sample, for its part, is one of the main types 62 European Investment Bank, Assessment of Financing Needs of SMEs in the Western Balkan Countries, August 2016, https://www. eib. org/attachments/efs/assessment_of_financ ing_needs_of_smes_kosovo_en. pdf. 63 Koen Wasmus, SME Finance in Kosovo. A Tale of Price and Prejudice, The Kosovo Banker, December 2012, 8, http://docplayer. net/163079542-The-kosovo-banker-finance-fordevelopment-sme-finance-in-kosovo-a-tale-of-price-and-prejudice-the-role-of-commer cial-banks-in-economic-development. html. 64 Hagai Katz, Global Surveys or Multi-National Surveys? On Sampling for Global Surveys. Thoughts for the Globalization and Social Science Data Workshop, Conference Paper, of non-probability sampling methods, though it is the least rigorous technique and involves the selection of the most accessible subjects.
This integrated safety analysis, reporting data from one of the largest IXE databases, identified a small number of patients with TE-LTBI, most of whom received LTBI-specific therapy. No cases of reactivation of TB were identified. Limitations of this analysis are the small number of events, a missing control group, and the limited observation period, preventing long-term risk assessment for active TB. Data interpretation needs to take into consideration that these studies were designed to assess the overall safety and the efficacy of IXE and not to investigate the risk of TB reactivation. Nevertheless, these data contribute to the growing evidence for the use of therapeutic antibodies targeting IL-17A, such as IXE, in patients with LTBI. Real-world data are needed to address the clinical question of the potential long-term risk for reactivation of TB under antieIL-17 therapy.
However, studies that characterized the occurrence of POPs in African foods are seldom  (Govaerts et al. , 2018; Bruce-Vanderpuije et al. , 2019)  and concluded to gaps in occurrence data. The purpose of our article was to provide the first occurrence data concerning foods commonly eaten by some African populations in Benin, Cameroon, Mali, and Nigeria to a number of food chemicals, including some POPs, namely PCDD/Fs, PCBs, OCs, BFRs, PFAS and CFRs. The POPs contamination levels quantified in the present SSA-TDS are equivalent or lower than those reported in previous international TDS  (Kiviranta et al. , 2004; Sirot et al. , 2012; Rivière et al. , 2014; Shin et al. , 2015). As expected, the highest POPs concentrations were determined in fish samples. Moreover, we highlighted the smoking process as a possible contamination source of fish by some POPs, PCDD/Fs, PBDEs and PAHs  (Ingenbleek et al.
Acknowledgements We would like to remember the late  Marie Madeleine Gimou , the initiator of this study. Many thanks also to FAO staff ( Renata Clarke ,  Markus Lipp ,  Caroline Merten ,  Blaise Ouattara ,  Jean Kamanzi ,  Sekou Hebie  and  Alex Nyarko ) who supported the total diet study at various stages of its submission and its implementation. The CPC management, as well as the various heads of national coordinating institutions of the other participating countries,  ABSSA (Benin) ,  ANSSA (Mali)  and  NAFDAC (Nigeria) , contributed to the success of this project. The scientific committee members, who provide guidance and validation of the methodology with their valuable experience of implementing total diet studies, are  Katie Egan ,  Peter Fürst ,  Thierry Guérin ,  Adam Probert ,  Siswanto Siswanto  and  Christina Tlustos.
Data The study uses the UN Comtrade database to collect the export data of Vietnam from 2000-2018. To identify research products, I primarily use the four-digit harmonized system (HS) code. Specifically, the HS code for rice and "roasted and not roasted" coffee are HS 1006 and HS 0901, respectively. The selected trading partners are listed in Table  9. Beside some main variables (GDP, POP, Dis), equation (1) will explore other variables (C) that affect Vietnam's exports in rice and coffee. These include exchange rates of trading partners, common border, 25% Thai rice's price (for rice model), trade openness of Vietnam and dummy variables that reflect whether a country is an official member of ASEAN, European Union (EU) (exclude the UK) and CPTPP. The paper wants to compare the difference in trade among ASEAN, EU, CPTPP countries with others.
Conclusion This study uses FE, PPML to overcome the selection bias from zero trade and the presence of heteroskedasticity. However, these methods ignore the impact of "behind-the-border" constraints that are proven with statistical significance in SFGA. Therefore, the paper argues that SFGA is appropriate to measure the main determinants of export in rice and coffee, two key agricultural commodities of Vietnam. The panel dataset is drawn from 2000-2018. The paper shows that trading partner's GDP has a significantly positive impact on coffee export while a significantly negative effect on rice export. The role of Vietnam's GDP become significantly important in both models. Moreover, the impacts of ASEAN are significantly positive in both models. While the impact of CPTPP is insignificant in the rice model, its significantly negative effect is found in the coffee model.
We thank  C. Castellani ,  N. Laflorencie , and  T. Thiery  for fruitful discussions. We are grateful to  G. Parisi  and  F. Ricci Tersenghi  for mentioning the references [75,76]. We acknowledge interesting discussions with K. S. Tikhonov ,  A. D. Mirlin  and  V. E. Kravtsov  concerning the critical properties. We thank CalMiP for access to its supercomputer and the  Consortium des Équipements de Calcul Intensif (CÉCI). This study has been supported through the  EUR grant NanoX  No. ANR-17-EURE-0009  in the framework of the " Programme des Investissements d'Avenir ", by the  ANR  grant  MANYLOK  (Grant No. ANR-18-CE30-0017 ), by the  ANR  grant  COCOA  (Grant No. ANR-17-CE30-0024-01 ), by the  CONICET  (Grant No. PIP 11220150100493CO ), by  ANCyPT  (Grant No. PICT-2016-1056 ) and by the  French-Argentinian LIA LI-COQ.
Methods: The SPIN-SELF feasibility trial will be conducted via the SPIN Cohort. The SPIN Cohort was developed as a framework for embedded pragmatic trials using the cohort multiple RCT design. In total, 40 English-speaking SPIN Cohort participants with low disease management self-efficacy (Self-Efficacy for Managing Chronic Disease Scale score ≤7), who have indicated interest in using a Web-based self-management program, will be randomized with a 3:2 ratio into the SPIN-SELF program or usual care for 3 months. Feasibility outcomes include trial implementation processes, required resources and management, scientific aspects, and patient acceptability and usage of the SPIN-SELF program. Results: Enrollment of the 40 participants occurred between July 5, 2019, and July 27, 2019. By November 25, 2019, data collection of trial outcomes was completed.
Design and Setting The SPIN-SELF feasibility trial is a parallel, two-arm, multicenter RCT that will be conducted via the SPIN Cohort (ClinicalTrials. gov number NCT03914781). The SPIN-SELF feasibility study is not meant for hypothesis testing or effect size estimation, as the sample size is not appropriate to do so, and testing hypotheses about effectiveness is discouraged in the context of feasibility trials  [24] [25] [26] [27].
Trial eligibility can be assessed during regular SPIN Cohort assessments, which occur every 3 months, and trial outcomes can be obtained at the subsequent SPIN Cohort assessment 3 months later. To be eligible for the SPIN Cohort, patients must be classified as having SSc based on 2013 American College of Rheumatology/European League Against Rheumatism criteria  [29]  confirmed by a SPIN physician; be ≥18 years old; be able to give informed consent; be fluent in English, French, or Spanish; and be able to respond to questionnaires via the internet. The SPIN Cohort is a convenience sample. Eligible SPIN Cohort patients are recruited at SPIN sites  [22]  during regular medical visits, and written informed consent is obtained. A medical data form is submitted on the Web by the site to enroll participants.
Outcomes and Measurement The primary aim of the SPIN-SELF feasibility trial is to collect data related to the study's process to assess the feasibility of the steps that need to take place as part of the full-scale RCT; required resources and management (eg, personnel and data management issues); and scientific aspects (outcome assessments). Data will be used to determine whether it is feasible to conduct the main study or whether changes need to be made before conducting a full-scale RCT of the SPIN-SELF program. The feasibility trial outcomes related to the process and resources will be assessed throughout the feasibility trial, and patient feedback will be obtained at 3 months postrandomization.
Participant Use and Acceptability of Scleroderma Patient-Centered Intervention Network-Self Program Usage of the SPIN-SELF program modules among participants in the intervention arm will be examined via intervention usage data. These data will provide detailed information on the number of log-ins, the number of modules accessed, goals set, as well as time spent on each webpage. In addition, at 3 months postrandomization, qualitative interviews will be conducted with participants in the intervention arm to assess user acceptability and satisfaction. The semistructured interview will be guided by items of the Patient Education Materials Assessment Tool for audiovisual materials  [36]  and will address topics related to usability, understandability, organization, and clarity. Participant feedback from these interviews will inform any changes necessary to improve the SPIN-SELF program before conducting a full-scale RCT.
Sample Size Guidance on the appropriate sample size for feasibility trials varies substantially in the published literature, with rules-of-thumb varying from 12 to 30 or more per trial arm  [40, 41]. To ensure that we collect sufficient quantitative and qualitative outcome data to meet our feasibility objectives and guide the next study phase, we will include a total of 40 SPIN Cohort participants in this feasibility trial. We will randomize using a 3:2 ratio to get a sufficiently large number of patients in the intervention arm. In a previous feasibility trial of a SPIN hand exercises intervention, the rate of acceptance of the offer was approximately 60%  [42].
Data Collection, Storage and Sharing Outcome measures are completed through the participants' regular SPIN Cohort assessments. The SPIN Cohort uses a secure electronic data management platform designed and managed by the Information Management Services of the Centre for Clinical Epidemiology, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal. Separate from the SPIN Cohort portal, an encrypted database has been created for the SPIN-SELF program, which includes an identification number for intervention participants to link to SPIN Cohort data and their usage log information.
Data Analysis The primary data analysis will present a description of feasibility outcomes, including participants' eligibility and recruitment and numbers and percentages of participants who respond to follow-up measures. Use of the internet intervention will be described by presenting the frequency of log-ins and the time spent on the SPIN-SELF program. Analysis of outcome measures will include the completeness of data and the presence of floor or ceiling effects. Descriptive statistics will be used to provide means and SDs for the measures. Qualitative information on participants' experience using the SPIN-SELF intervention will be used to interpret acceptability related to the content, webpage visuals, and navigation and make any necessary changes to the intervention. Information related to the required resources and management of the program during feasibility will inform any necessary changes to intervention or trial procedures.
Ethics and Trial Registration Ethics approval for the SPIN-SELF feasibility trial has been obtained from the research ethics committee of the Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Canada. The SPIN-SELF feasibility study was registered before participant enrollment (NCT03914781) and will be reported in accordance with standards articulated in the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) extensions for randomized pilot and feasibility trials  [27]  and the draft CONSORT extension for trials using cohorts and routinely collected health data, which is forthcoming  [43].
Acknowledgments The SPIN-SELF program was made possible, thanks to the hard work and dedication of the  SPIN Advisory Board members including Catherine Fortune, Scleroderma Society of Ontario, Hamilton, Ontario ,  Canada ;  Dominique Godard ,  Association des Sclérodermiques de France ,  Sorel-Moussel , France;  Karen Gottesman ,  Scleroderma Foundation ,  Los Angeles, California, United States; Geneviève Guillot, Sclérodermie Québec, Montreal, Quebec, Canada ;  Catarina Leite ,  University of Minho, Braga, Portugal ;  Karen Nielson ,  Scleroderma Society of Ontario, Hamilton, Ontario ,  Canada ;  Alexandra Portales ,  Asociación Española de Esclerodermia , Madrid, Spain;  Maureen Sauve ,  Scleroderma Society of Ontario, Hamilton, Ontario ,  Canada ; and  Joep Welling ,  NVLE Dutch  patient organization for systemic autoimmune diseases, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Funding for the SPIN-SELF Feasibility trial was provided by the  Canadian Institutes of Health Research  ( TR3-119192 ;  PJT-148504 ). SPIN has also been funded by grants from the  Arthritis Society  and The  Canadian Institute for Outcomes in Rheumatology Care. In addition, SPIN has received contributions from the  Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research of the Jewish General Hospital, Montreal ,  Canada , and from  McGill University, Montreal ,  Canada. SPIN has also received support from the  Scleroderma Society of Ontario ,  Scleroderma Canada ,  Sclérodermie Québec ,  Scleroderma Manitoba , the  Scleroderma Society of Nova Scotia , the  Scleroderma Association of British Columbia , and the  Scleroderma Association of Saskatchewan. LK was supported by a  Canadian Institutes of Health Research Banting Postdoctoral Fellowship.
| Search strategy Four electronic databases were searched: Medline, Scopus, Web of Science and Embase. An example search strategy (Medline) and the list of LMICs included in the search are provided in Data S1. The reference lists of existing systematic and/or literature reviews were also screened to identify further studies for inclusion. Citation follow-up and hand searches were used to identify studies up until January 2019, which yielded one additional study  (Smuts et al. , 2019).
Data extraction A data extraction form was developed, piloted on two studies and then used to collate the data from all included studies. Information extracted from studies included title, author(s), year of publication, type of intervention (nutrition-sensitive or nutrition-specific), details of intervention (type of intervention/supplement, etc. ), intervention duration, details of intervention compliance, outcome measures assessed (child nutritional status and nutritional quality of diet, anthropometrics), any other outcome measures related to nutritional status/diet quality/malnutrition (specifically, stunting, underweight, wasting and micronutrient deficiencies), detailed results (list all relevant outcome measures separately), study limitations, and lessons learned in delivering the intervention.
| Data analysis Descriptive statistics were calculated. Round 1 information was collated, synthesised and used to inform the generation of Round 2 questions. Consensus in Round 2 was defined as ≥70% of participants either agreeing/strongly agreeing or disagreeing/strongly disagreeing with each statement. The level of agreement was set at ≥70%, as in previous studies (e. g. ,  Diamond et al. , 2014; Vogel et al. , 2019). All 'neutral' responses were removed prior to calculating the percentage agreement/disagreement to ensure that only those who were confident with their answer were included (as per  Vogel et al. , 2019). For Round 3, priority areas for future work were identified, and responses were summed across participants to indicate the items with the greatest support.
| Rapid review The search yielded 3,657 records. After removal of duplicates, 3,067 titles and abstracts were screened (Figure  1 ). Of these, 71 records qualified for full-text screening, and 68 records were excluded at the full-text stage. The three remaining records, plus three additional articles identified from reviewing reference lists or journal hand (non-database) searches, met the inclusion criteria and were included in the review. Our search also yielded three published protocol papers linked to ongoing intervention studies, one of which met our inclusion criteria. The study of  Islam et al. (2018)  aims to evaluate the effect of various doses, forms and frequencies of preventative daily zinc supplementation over a 24-week period on reducing diarrhoea and improving growth, specifically LAZ, in IYC aged 9-11 months in the peri-urban low-income area of Mirpur (Dhaka, Bangladesh) (Clinical trials.
, 2011; Macharia, Ochola, Mutua and Kimani-Murage, 2018)  is not reaching key stakeholders, so improved dissemination of research findings to relevant stakeholders is another future priority. Furthermore, much of this existing evidence tends to be limited to very large poor urban areas in mostly middle-income country contexts, which means that it is not necessarily so relevant to very different poor urban environments in low-income settings, highlighting another gap to address in the future. In contrast to the need identified for further work around complementary feeding in urban poor areas, it was generally agreed (91%) that existing IYCF messaging and nutritional counselling interventions Strengths of this review include the systematic search and retrieval of articles from four databases, conducting additional analyses relevant to our aims, and the synthesis of evidence from both nutrition-specific and nutrition-sensitive interventions We used a rapid, rather than a systematic, review as we needed to complete a rapid evidence synthesis that balanced time constraints with considerations for bias.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We acknowledge the assistance of  Dr Natalie Pearson  and  Dr Taddese A. Zerfu  with literature searching for the rapid review. We thank  Professor Katherine Gough ,  Dr Sam Kayaga  and  Dr Marco Bohr  ( Loughborough University, UK ),  Esther Kinuthia  (formerly APHRC),  Elizabeth Mwaniki  (APHRC),  Professor Judith Kimiywe  ( Kenyatta University, Kenya ) and  Dr Betty Samburu  ( Ministry of Health, Kenya)  for their contributions to the stakeholder activities. We acknowledge  Neena Shah More ,  Sushmita Das  ( Society for Nutrition, Education and Health Action [SNEHA], Mumbai, India ) and  Professor David Osrin  ( UCL Institute for Global Health, London, UK ) for granting us access to data for the purposes of the rapid review. This study is supported by a  UK Medical Research Council  award (Ref:  MR/R018657/1 ).
21 The colonial government was wary of religious tensions between different Christian denominations and did not allow other groups to do missionary work in Yogyakarta until the 1920s, which meant that the Reformed mission initially had relatively little competition in the city. 22 Furthermore, the advent of the Ethical Policy around the turn of the twentieth century -of which Abraham Kuyper was one of the central ideologues -meant that the colonial government actively started to encourage the social efforts of the various Christian missions article -artikel in the colony. 23 This influenced the educational landscape in the principality of Yogyakarta to a large extent, as many private educational initiatives started to receive financial support from the government. 24 The kws also received public financial assistance and was thus partly an exponent of the Ethical Policy.
Existing solutions to the second task either match a vehicle between the cameras using the number plates, re-identification (ReID) and feature matching, or cameras with overlapping FoVs. CityFlow, presented in Reference  [8] , is a city-scale traffic camera dataset, consisting of videos from 40 cameras across 10 intersections. The longest distance between two cameras in this set is 2. 5 km. The paper presents various off-line approaches to vehicle tracking within a single camera (MTSC) and vehicle ReID between different cameras. For the best set of algorithms (MTSC + ReID) the resulting performance (F 1 score) is below 50%. According to the authors this is due to inefficiencies of both algorithms. The two challenges in the ReID are large intra-class and small inter-class variability, that is, the differences in shape of the same vehicle under different angles are large, while shapes of vehicles from different manufacturers are similar.