dataesr/scientific-paragraphs-categorization huggingface dataset:
Statistical Analysis The results of volatile compounds concentration analysis and sugars and ethanol content were statistically analyzed using Duncan's test at the significance level of α = 0. 05. In the volatile analysis, three-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed to detect significant differences in the analyte concentrations depending on the main factors studied (fermentation temperature, cultivar of apples and addition of pear juice). Statistica software in version 10 was used for data processing.
(a) 40 • C for 3 min; (b) rate of 5. 0 • C min -1 from 40 to 160 • C; (c) rate of 30 • C min -1 from 160 to 280 • C. Injector was held constantly at 220 • C. Compounds were identified by using 3 different analytical methods: (1) retention indices (KI), (2) GC-MS retention times (authentic chemicals) and (3) comparison of mass spectra, with database (NIST 11 Mass Spectral and Retention Index Libraries (The National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, USA) with similarity indexes set above 90%. For comparison of obtained mass spectra Automated Mass Spectral Deconvolution and Identification System (AMDIS) software version 2. 73 was used.
Determination of bulk and edge stiffness of graphene At atomic scale, MD is an efficient computation method for studying the motion of atoms and determining the macroscopic properties of materials by statistical averages. We use an open source code LAMMPS  (Plimpton, 1995)  to run our MD simulation due to its computational efficiency and parallel capacity. The Adaptive Inter-molecular Reactive Empirical Bond Order (AIREBO) potential by  Schall et al. (2012)  which is relevant to simulate Carbon system like graphene, was used in the study. As mentioned previously, due to various reasons, the values of the bulk and edge stiffness reported in literature are scattering. To keep the consistency, we use the same computation method and simulation conditions throughout the present paper and devote this section to determine those constants with the method.
This form was validated by the "Agence de la Biomedecine" the body that, in France, rules all type of samples of human origin, on ethical and practical aspects, for research or clinical applications. Clinical and biological annotations of the samples have been declared to the CNIL (Comité National Informatique et Libertés, i. e. , Data processing and Liberties National Committee). Briefly, mononuclear cells were separated by Ficoll-Hypaque density gradient centrifugation and incubated in RBC lysis buffer (ammonium chloride solution) to remove red blood cells. CD34 + cells isolation was performed using manufacturer's instructions (EasySep TM , STEMCELL). Primary AML, PBMC, and CD34 + samples were Antibodies and reagents. The following antibodies from Cell Signaling Technology were used: rabbit antibodies against LC3B (#2775), ATG12 (#4180), FASN (#3180), Beclin1 (#3738), and mouse antibodies against HSP90 (#4874).
Mouse antibodies from Santa Cruz Biotechnology against IP3R1 (sc-271197) and E2F1 (KH95), from Millipore against actin, rabbit antibody from Abcam against VDAC1 (ab15865), from PROGEN against ADRP (610102), from R&D System against FABP4 (AF3150), from Atlas Antibodies against ACLY (HPA022434), from Novus Biologicals against SREPB1 (NB600-582), from Invitrogen against SREBP2 (PA1-338), and from GeneTex against TOMM20 (GTX133756) were also used. Secondary antibodies labeled with horseradish peroxidase were purchased from Promega and those coupled with fluorophores were purchased from Invitrogen. Rabbit anti-LC3B from MBL (#PM036) was used for immunofluorescence analysis. For  Cells were washed with ice-cold phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) pH 7. 4. After centrifugation, cell pellets were resuspended in 250 μL of ice-cold buffer A and kept for 10 min in ice.
All the fractions were flash frozen and kept at -20 °C until use. Western blot analysis. Proteins were separated using 4-12% gradient polyacrylamide SDS-PAGE gels (Life Technologies) and electrotransferred to 0. 2 µm nitrocellulose membranes (GE Healthcare). After blocking in Tris-buffered saline with 0. 1% Tween and 5% bovine serum albumin, membranes were blotted overnight at 4 °C with the appropriate primary antibodies. Primary antibodies were detected using the appropriate horseradish peroxidase-conjugated secondary antibodies. Immunoreactive bands were visualized by enhanced chemiluminescence (PI32209; Thermo Fisher Scientific) with a Syngene camera. Densitometric analyses of immunoblots were performed using the GeneTools software. All full scans of uncropped blots are available in the Supplementary file (Supplementary Fig.
For quantification, fields were chosen arbitrarily based on DAPI staining, and the number of LC3B dots per cell of at least 100 cells per independent experiment was determined with Image J software. Lipid chase. For lipid chase experiments, AML cells were labeled with 1 mM of the fluorescent fatty acid BODIPY 558/568 C 12 (RC 12 Thermo Fisher Scientific) overnight in complete culture medium. After two washes, AML cells were seeded on coverslips, fixed, and stained for mitochondrial network with TOMM20 (Genetex, 133756) like for LC3B staining. For imaging of the mitochondrial network and RC 12 distribution, 6-8 µm Z-stacks at 0. 18 µm were used. Fluorescence signals were analyzed using high resolution fluorescence microscopy. Images were taken with a Zeiss LSM 880 FAST Airyscan using a 63× Plan-Apochromat objective with 1.
Absolute cell numbers of viable human blasts (CD45 + /CD33 + /Annexin-V -) were quantified using CountBright™ (Invitrogen). FACS analysis was also used to determine mitochondrial mass of AML cells. Cells were washed with PBS and stained with MitoTracker™ Green FM (MTG, 1/10,000) for 20 min at 37 °C. Cells were then washed and resuspended in Annexin-V binding buffer (BD biosciences; 556454) plus 2 µl of Annexin-V-V500 (BD Biosciences; 561501). Cell lipid content was measured by flow cytometry using the Bodipy 493/503 probe. Briefly, cells were washed, incubated with Bodipy (0. 5 µg/mL) for 30 min at 37 °C, then washed and resuspended with Annexin binding buffer (BD bioscience; 556454) and stained with Annexin-V APC (BD bioscience; 550474) to exclude apoptotic cells. Data were analyzed with FlowJo v10 software (Tree Star Inc.
Data are means ± s. e. m. Detection of lipid droplets by microscopy analysis. Lipid droplets were stained using the Bodipy 493/503 probe. After cell plating on glass coverslips and fixation (see above), cells were washed and incubated with 1 μg/mL of Bodipy 493/503 diluted in 150 mM NaCl for 10 min at room temperature. Cells were then washed and slides mounted with ProLong TM Gold antifade medium with DAPI (Invitrogen). The number and the area of Bodipy dots per cell of at least 100 cells per independent experiment were determined with Image J software. Transmission electron microscopy-ultrastructural analysis. Cell pellets were fixed with 2. 5% glutaraldehyde in 0. 1 M cacodylate buffer (pH 7. 4) for 4 h. They were then postfixed with 1% osmium tetroxide in 0. 1 M cacodylate buffer for 1 h, dehydrated in graded ethanols, and embedded in epon-araldite mixture.
Ultrathin sections were stained with uranyl acetate and Reynold's lead citrate, and examined in a Hitachi HT 7700 transmission electron microscope (Hitachi High-Technologies, Tokyo, Japan) at 80 keV with acquisition performed on a CCD AMT XR41 camera at the CMEAB (Toulouse) or in an FEI Tecnai G2 at 200 KeV with acquisition performed on a Veleta camera (Olympus, Japan) at the PiCSL-FBI core facility (IBDM, AMU-Marseille). Measurements of MERCs were performed using the Hitachi EMIP (Electron Microscopy Integrated Image Processing) software on micrographs (×6000-8000 magnification) acquired with the Hitachi HT 7700 transmission electron microscope. siRNA transfection. The transfection of siRNA into MOLM14 cells was carried out using the Neon transfection system (Life technologies), according to the manufacturer's recommendations.
Lastly, AA and rotenone, inhibitors of complex III and I, are added to shut down ETC function, revealing the non-mitochondrial respiration. To determine the part of the OCR dependant on FAO, 3 μM of Etx was added to wells after 45 min of resting and 15 min before the OCR measurement. For oleateinduced OCR, cells were preincubated in Hank's Balanced Salt Solution (HBSS) supplemented with 20 μM of BSA or 20 μM of oleate-BSA for 1 h; subsequently, a readout of basal OCR was measured. Transcriptomic analysis. Transcriptome profiling assays on MOLM14 and U937 cells untreated or treated with 10 mM metformin 24 h in independent triplicates were performed using the Affymetrix HuGene_2. 0_starrays (GSE97346)  18. RNAsequencing subjected to differential expression analysis with a minimum of adjusted p-value < 0.
05, absolute log2 fold change > 0. 5. The 64 common significantly downregulated genes in MOLM14 (221 genes) and U937 (636 genes) were analyzed using Genomatix software (Genome Analyzer bioinformatics tool, www. genomatix. de, Munich, Germany) for further functional analyses (GO term) based on the Genomatix literature mining. GSEA was performed using GSEA v3. 0 tool developed by the Broad Institute. The enrichment scores were computed for the ranked genes from the metformin screen. Following parameters were used: number of permutations = 1000, permutation type = gene_set. Other parameters were left at default values. Tumor xenografts into NSG mice. Animals were used for transplantation of AML cell lines in accordance with a protocol reviewed and approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of Région Midi-Pyrénées (France).
5% methylcellulose before administration to mice. IACS-10759 was kindly provided by Dr. M. Konoplova and J. Marszalek. All mice were sacrificed after 17 days to harvest human leukemic cells from murine bone marrow and spleen. Engraftment in bone marrow and spleen was analyzed using flow cytometry. Mice survival time was also determined. Survival significance was determined by Kaplan-Meier curve and log-rank test. Software. GSEA 3. 0 software (http://software. broadinstitute. org/gsea/index. jsp), GeneSys software (https://www. syngene. com/support/software-downloads/), Zen Black2012 SP2 (https://www. zeiss. fr/microscopie/produits/microscope-software/ zen-lite/zen-2-lite-download. html), Prism 6. 0 software (https://www. graphpad. com/scientific-software/prism/), ImageJ 2. 0 software (https://imagej.
nih. gov/ij/ download. html), GeneTool software (https://www. syngene. com/support/softwaredownloads/), Genomatix software (https://www. genomatix. de/), FlowJo 10. 4. 2 software (https://www. flowjo. com/solutions/flowjo/downloads), and Wave Desktop 2. 6 (https://www. agilent. com/en/products/cell-analysis/softwaredownload-for-wave-desktop). Statistical analysis. Data from at least three independent experiments are reported as means ± standard error of the mean. Unless otherwise indicated, unpaired twotailed Student's t-tests or paired t-tests for patients' studies analysis were carried out with Prism 8 software (GraphPad Software Inc). The Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate leukemia-free survival in xenografted mice. Log-rank p-values (Mantel-Cox test) were used for comparisons of leukemia-free survival.
Acknowledgements We are very grateful to  P. Codogno  and  M. Selak  for critically reading the manuscript. We thank  Lucille Stuani ,  S. Giuriato ,  A. Bouloumié ,  O. Joffre , and  A. Mairal  for their intellectual/technical contributions. We are grateful to  Manon Farcé  and  Laetitia Ligat  for assistance with flow cytometry and microscopy, respectively. We thank all members of  ANEXPLO Genotoul core facility  ( UMS006 ) for their support on mice experiments, the members of the  CMEAB (Toulouse)  for their help in electron microscopy acquisitions and the  PiCSL-FBI core facilty (IBDM, AMU-Marseille ), and member of the France-BioImaging national research infrastructure where a part of electron microscopy experiments was performed. We thank  Prof. Marina Konopleva ,  Christopher Vellano , and  Joseph Marszalek  ( The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center ) for providing IACS-010759 compound,  Isabelle Bardey  ( EFS de Besançon ) for normal hematopoietic cells,  Prof.
Gyorgy Hajnoćzky  for giving us the sequences coding for the organelle linker mAKAP1-mRFP-yUBC6, and the control sequence mAKAP1-RFPn, and  Prof. Eric Delabesse  and  Véronique De Mas  for the management of the  Biobank BRC-HIMIP (Biological Resources Centres-Inserm Midi-Pyrénées "Cytothèque des hémopathies malignes "). This work was supported by the  ANR LABEX TOUCAN , the  Cancéropole GSO, la Ligue régionale contre le Cancer, and la Ligue nationale contre le Cancer. We are grateful to our healthcare professionals for their boundless investment during the COVID-19 crisis.
Data availability Transcriptome profiling assays on MOLM14 and U937 treated or not with 10 mM metformin in independent triplicates. GEO: GSE97346. Source data are provided with this paper for Figs. 1 2 3 4 5 6 and Supplementary Figs. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8. Raw data are available on reasonable request.
(2007). The total standing biomass (535 t ha -1 ) and annual litterfall (7. 6 t ha -1 ), as well the chemical composition of the biomass (stored major elements), are similar to other tropical rain forests  (Kirman et al. , 2007; Meunier et al. , 2010). The long-term mean annual precipitation of the southeast of R eunion Island is 4256 mm; the mean minimum and maximum temperatures are 19. 9 and 26. 4°C, respectively (data from Le  Baril M et eo-France station, 1981 -2010). The study period (8 October-7 November 2018) was characterized by mean daily air and soil temperature (50 cm soil depth) of 20. 6 AE 2. 0°C and 19. 3 AE 0. 5°C (mean AE SD), respectively, and mean daily relative humidity of 97. 4% AE 7. 1%. All daily parameters were measured in the studied forest site using an RHTemp1000IS relative humidity and temperature data logger (MadgeTech, Warner, NH, USA), and Soil Matric Potential Sensors 253-L and 257-L (Campbell Scientific, Logan, UT, USA).
Acknowledgements This research was supported by the  Czech Science Foundation  ( 17-18112Y ), transnational  Environmental Research Infrastructure (ENVRIplus)  access supported by the  European Commission  under the  Horizon 2020 -Research and Innovation Action  ( H2020-INFRADEV-1-2014-1 , Grant Agreement:  654182 ),  SustES -Adaptation strategies for sustainable ecosystem services and food security  under adverse environmental conditions ( CZ. 02. 1. 01/0. 0/0. 0/16_019/0000797 ). Also, financial support was provided by the  Estonian Research Council  ( PRG-352  and  MOBERC20 ) and by the  EU  through the  European Regional Development Fund (EcolChange Centre of Excellence). Logistical support was provided by the  Feder  project (DIVINES),  R eunion National Park, Office National des Forêts and OSU-R eunion.
4bn euros, an increase of 26% compared to 2017 (School of Management del Politecnico di Milano, 2018). Therefore, the Italian setting is appropriate for the aim of the present study. A sample of Italian firms was recruited from an opt-in panel by one of the larger global market research companies, which has a community of over 5,000 clients in 90 markets, from small and medium firms to multinational companies. The panel members were recruited from both business-to-business and business-to-consumer firms. Data were collected through a web-based survey. After a pretest in which three academics and two professionals checked the reliability and usability of the questionnaire, the survey was distributed to a population of managers working in firms that have started to adopt circular economy principles.
Data were collected in one wave that lasted for five months, from June 2018 to October 2018. Three screening questions were used to ensure that each participant was qualified to participate in the survey. These questions concerned whether the individual was employed or unemployed, his/her job position and the firm's adoption of circular economy principles. The surveyed population consisted mainly of manufacturing (36. 5%) and service (33. 6%) firms, most of them (50. 8%) large. The data collection process yielded 378 valid responses. The self-reporting questionnaire was developed according to previous literature on sustainable supply chain management, circular economy and data-driven supply chain and based on the scales and key indicators used in previous studies. The questionnaire was structured in two parts: the first investigated the constructs under observation and the relationships among them, and the second addressed general information about the firms (such as field of activity, number of employees and sales revenue).
This threeitem construct was adapted from  Kim et al. (2019)  and provides a measure of firms' and employees' circular economy consciousness, commitment and competences for minimizing waste through efficient and effective use of resources. The measurement scales of the moderator, namely big-data-driven supply chain, were adapted from the study of  Yu et al. (2018). The construct was measured using four items evaluating the extent to which firms build consistent interoperable and cross-functional department databases, aggregate customer data and make them widely available to improve service levels, implement advanced demand forecasting and supply planning across suppliers and implement lean manufacturing and new business model in a circular economy perspective. Finally, in order to avoid bias and in line with the review of the literature, several control variables were included.
Models and methodology The study investigated the research hypotheses presented in Figure  1  through multiple regression analysis using SPSS 25. 0. Before running the multiple regression analysis, checks were carried out for potential correlations between the variables included in the model. Table  1  shows the correlation Supply chain management in circular economy matrix. Since the VIF statistics were in no case higher than 5  (Hair et al. , 2010) , multicollinearity among the variables was not an issue, and the model fits the data.
Supply chain management in circular economy Limits and future research This research is subject to certain limitations, and these open up possibilities for future research. First, the data were collected through an online survey in which respondents selfreported their answers; subjectivity bias may therefore have affected the responses. Second, this study is context-specific, and the sample data are limited; accordingly, the results should not be generalized. Third, the constructs used here are relatively new and need further investigation. Future research should adopt a qualitative approach in order to provide indepth knowledge, avoid contingency and increase the robustness of the findings. To further validate the research hypotheses, data could be collected from other countries. Finally, additional research should determine whether the constructs adopted here can be incorporated into further advances in circular economy supply chain studies.
Labeled cells were then examined by Zeiss Observer microscopy. Data were analyzed by CRCHUM-Imaging Core Facility. For colocalization studies, Manders' coefficients are calculated by the proportional to the amount of fluorescence of the colocalizing pixels in each color channel. Values (tM1) range from 0 to 1 and express the fraction of intensity in the green channel (HSD17B12) that is located in pixels where there is above a threshold intensity in the red channel (dsRNA or core). Rnase protection assay. The RNase protection assay was adapted from Lyn et al. 36. Cells transduced with shNT and shHSD17B12 were transfected with JFH-1 plasmid for 4 days. Cells were washed once with cold buffer B (20 mM HEPES-KOH (pH 7. 7), 110 mM potassium acetate, 2 mM magnesium acetate, 1 mM EGTA, and 2 mM dithiothreitol).
Using a glass pipet 1. 5 ml of 2:1 CHCl 3 :MeOH was added to the remaining aqueous phase. This phase was vortexed again at 4 °C (in the cold room) for 1 h. Phases were separated by centrifugation at 3000 g and combined with the organic phase from the 17:1 CHCl 3 :MeOH extract. The solvent was evaporated under nitrogen flow. Lipid film was dissolved in 150 µl of 2:1 CHCl 3 :MeOH and transferred to 2 ml glass vial with either Teflon or aluminum lined caps. Samples were stored at -20 °C until ready to be analyzed by mass spectrometry. Prior to infusing the samples in the mass spectrometer, samples were diluted in a 1:1 ratio using 2:1 CHCl 3 :MeOH + 0. 1% NH 4 OH. Then samples are run through quantitative shotgun mass spectrometry using a high resolution Thermo Orbitrap Velos instrument. Data were analyzed as previously reported  62.
Acknowledgements We thank  Jake Liang  for pEF/JFH1-Rz/Neo plasmid;  Takaji Wakita  ( National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo ),  Charles Rice  ( Rockefeller University ) and  Apath LLC  for the use of JFH-1 and Huh7. 5 cells;  Ralf Bartenschlager  ( University of Heidelberg ) for luciferase-encoding Con1b subgenomic replicon and  DENV2 16681  molecular clones; the  European Virus Archive goes Global (EVAg)  and  Dr. Xavier de Lamballerie  ( Emergence des Pathologies Virales, Aix-Marseille University ) for providing ZIKV H/PF/2013 original stock;  Dr. Pei-Yong Shi  ( University of Texas Medical Branch ) for ZIKV FSS13025 Rluc-expressing molecular clone;  Dr. Tom Hobman  and  Dr. Anil Kumar  ( University of Alberta ) for VeroE6 cells;  Aurelie Cleret-Buhot  ( CRCHUM Bio-Imagery Core Facility ) for confocal microscopy and  Guillaume Chouinard  ( CRCHUM Bio-Imagery Core Facility ) for lipid droplet quantifications;  Jessy Tremblay  ( INRS-Centre Armand Frappier Confocal Microscopy Facility ) for confocal microscopy;  Younes Medkour  ( Concordia University ) for lipid quantification; IRIC's  Genomics Core Facility  for real-time PCR.
The frequency of the inversion and the proportions of the three inversion genotypes (αα, αβ, ββ) were estimated by genotyping adults (40-95 per replicate) and eggs (28-51 per replicate), using a diagnostic SNP assay  26  after having extracted genomic DNA for each individual adult/egg with a lysis procedure. Variation in allele or genotype proportions between generations 1 and 5 was analysed with a generalized linear-mixed model for binomial data in the R package lme4  68  and lmerTest 69 taking into account the identity of the replicate as a random factor and substrate or population as covariates. Estimates of fitness. Relative survival rate of each genotype (and sex) was calculated by comparing the genotypic proportions in adults to the genotypic proportions observed in the eggs. The ratio of these values is expected to be 1 if all genotypes survive equally.
We genotyped 90 females for the inversion using the method described above and counted their eggs under a binocular magnifier (Zeiss Stemi 2000C). Variation in the number of eggs per female in relation to female genotype (αα, αβ, ββ) and time of laying (16 h/24 h) was analysed with a linear model and post hoc pairwise t-test (adjusted following Benjamini and Hochberg 70 ). Whether eggs were laid after 16 or 24 h did not significantly affect the number of eggs per female (F 1,88 = 0. 09, p = 0. 76), or the interaction with genotype (F 2,84 = 1. 96, p = 0. 15), and we therefore pooled the data for all subsequent analyses to derive female fitness parameters in the model. All statistical analyses were performed using the software R 3. 5. 0  71. Simulating evolution in silico. To evaluate how fitness differences between genotypes based on a different investment in the trade-off between survival and reproduction modulates the evolution of the inversion frequency, we developed an individual-based model inspired by the results of the experimental evolution trials and by the biological characteristics of C.