dataesr/scientific-paragraphs-categorization huggingface dataset:
Our findings suggest that this technique has the potential to aid the screening of the secretomes of lignocellulose-degrading microbes and facil-itate the identification of novel microbial sources of cell walldegrading enzymes. A previously described functional metagenomics approach (27) was used to investigate the gut microbiome of P. militaris for identification of hemicellulases. In function-driven metagenomics, only clones that respond positively to the screen are selected and further analyzed, making this an attractive alternative to less targeted conventional global metagenomic studies that typically generate vast data sets that are cumbersome to   1  at 0. 01 unit/ml) and negative control (Neg. control; substrate mixture with no enzyme added) were analyzed by HPAEC. The positive control showed essentially the same profile as Pm23.
Acknowledgments-We thank  Dr. Luc Saulnier  ( Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Nantes, France ) for providing the feruloylated arabinoxylan and  Dr. Mikako Sasa ,  Dr. Nikolaj Spodsberg , and  Dr. Kristian B. R. M. Krogh  ( Novozymes A/S, Bagsvaerd, Denmark ) for providing samples used in this study.
Absence of cross reactivity with related sequences in GenBank was verified. A scrambled oligonucleotide (SCR ASO), which has the same length and base composition as the LNA ASOs targeting Anks3 mRNA but in a random order, was used as control. Four day old C57Bl/6 mice (Janvier, Saint Berthevin, France) were injected intraperitoneally with saline, or with ANKS3 ASO or SCR ASO (300 pmol/injection) dissolved in saline. Injections were repeated every other day. A total of 6 injections were performed over a period of 14 days. In parallel, an additional control group was injected with saline (group Ctr). Body weight was monitored throughout the injection period (postnatal days 4 to 18). Mice were killed by intraperitoneal injection of pentobarbital 4 days (aged 22 days) and 12 days (aged 30 days) after the last ASO injection.
Even 12 days after the final injection of LNA ASOs, renal Anks3 mRNA levels remained significantly lower in ANKS3 ASO mice than in saline-and SCR ASO-treated mice (-22%). Reduced amount of ANKS3 transcripts in ANKS3 ASO mice was paralleled by significant reduction in abundance of ANKS3 protein when compared to mice treated with saline or SCR ASO (up to -20%; P<0. 02), which confirms that significant inhibition of ANKS3 expression in vivo was achieved and was specific to LNA ASO treatment (Fig  5C ). To test possible in vivo toxicity of LNA ASO administration we determined renal transcript abundance of Icam1 encoding one of the most important adhesion proteins expressed in endothelial cells, which regulate adhesion and migration of neutrophils. Renal expression of Icam1 was unaffected in ANKS3 ASO mice4 and 12 days after the last injection when compared to SCR ASO treated controls (data not shown), which rules out presence of kidney inflammatory response to LNA ASOs-mediated Anks3 mRNA knock down.
This work was supported by grants from the  Agence Nationale de la Recherche  ( RenalCyst ,  ANR-10-BLAN-1124-02 ) to DG and BL, the  European Community Seventh Framework Programme  ( FP7/ 2007-2013)  under grant agreement No. HEALTH-F4-2010-241504  (EURATRANS) to DG, the  NIH  ( 5RO1DK100482 ) to SH, the  Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN ,  ANR-10-IAHU-05 ) to DG and a  Wellcome Senior Fellowship in Basic Biomedical Science  ( 057733 ) to DG. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
Factors associated with fetal weight and fetal weight gain were additionally assessed by evaluating differences in continuous outcomes measures, namely weight z-scores and Δz. Maternal macronutrient undernutrition was defined as low body mass index (BMI; <18. 5 kg/m 2 ) or low MUAC (<22 cm) at enrolment, and short stature as maternal height <150 cm  [23]. Weekly maternal weight gain was classified as low if in the first quartile for a subset of women with complete maternal weight gain data. In addition to evaluating the effect of P. falciparum and P. vivax infection at enrolment (defined as positivity by light microscopy and/or qPCR) we generated weight measurement-specific time-dependent variables of infection to account for time and number of infections in relation to each weight measurement by pooling all available malaria diagnosis data (light microscopy, qPCR, histology)  [16].
Acknowledgements This research was supported by the  Malaria in Pregnancy Consortium , through a grant from the  Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation  ( 46099 ); a  PNGIMR Internal Competitive Research Award  to MO,  Pfizer Inc  (investigator-initiated research grant  WS394663 ), and the  Pregvax  Consortium, through a grant from the  European Union 's  Seventh Framework Programme   FP7-2007-HEALTH (PREGVAX 201588 ). SK is supported through an  NHMRC   early career fellowship  ( GNT1052960 ), and IM received an  NHMRC   Senior Research Fellowship  (# 1043345 ). funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
anti-cD138 9e7. 4 mab Production and characterization The 9E7. 4 mAb was produced by immunization of a rat with a 40-amino-acid peptide (GeneCust, Luxembourg) derived from the murine CD138 protein (aa 90-130) (GenBank: CAA80254. 1). The isotype of 9E7. 4 immunoglobulin was determined using a Rat Isotyping Kit (RMT1, AbD serotec, UK) according to the manufacturer's instructions. The specificity and affinity of 9E7. 4 mAb for CD138 were determined by flow cytometry (FACS Calibur™, BD Biosciences). Staining was detected indirectly with a secondary antibody, antirat IgG/PE (Jackson-ImmunoResearch Laboratories).
acKnOWleDgMenTs We would like to thank Sandrine Minault and Sylvia Lambot (CRCNA) for their technical help, as well as the UTE, Cytocell, P2R (Protéines Recombinantes-Biogenouest) and Radioactivity facilities (SFR François Bonamy, IRS-UN, University of Nantes). We would also like to thank Patricia Remaud-Le Saëc (CRCNA) for her advice on 177 Lu radiolabeling and Marie-Hélène Gaugler for critical reading of the manuscript, as well as Maighread Gallagher-Gambarelli for advice on English language usage.
FUnDing This work was made possible thanks to the support of the Labex IGO project (no. ANR-11-LABX-0016-01), the Labex IRON project (no. ANR-11-LABX-0018-01), and the ArronaxPlus Equipex (no. ANR-11-EQPX-0004) funded by the French Government "Investissements d' Avenir" program, managed by the French National Research Agency (ANR). NF is supported by a grant from the Labex IGO project (no. ANR-11-LABX-0016-01). AM and FB are supported by the European Commission.
But for the other antibiotic classes used for growth promotion, withdrawal is voluntary and no limits have been imposed on their routine and often continuous infeed or in-water use for disease prevention or therapy. On a voluntary basis, a growing number of food companies are banning the use of meat produced using antibiotics to promote growth, and the efficacy of these practices on weight gain is marginal and dwindling  [40]. From March to June 2014, WHO performed a global Point Prevalence Survey of multidrug-resistant (MDR) organisms in healthcare settings. Through an online survey, it collected data from 420 laboratories in 67 countries on selected bacterial pathogens isolated from inpatient clinical blood and urine samples. Up to 10 % of the participating laboratories did not fulfill minimum criteria for quality controlled detection of AMR and thus were excluded from the analysis.
It also provides benchmarking tools at national, continental and global levels, and identifies potential areas for improvement. All tools are freely available to any hospital in the world (www. global-pps. com). This survey invited hospitals worldwide admitting adults, children and neonates, to volunteer to participate. Data collected included age, gender, weight, antimicrobial agents, doses, reasons and indications for treatment, microbiological data, compliance to guidelines, documentation of reasons and stop/ review date of prescription. Denominators included the total number of inpatients. A web-based application was used for data-entry, validation and reporting. In Australia, data from the national surveillance system has revealed a rather high outpatient antibiotic use, at some 25 DDD per 1000 inhabitants per day, as compared to European countries (20 DDD per 1000 inhabitants per day).
Yet, longer regimens continue to be used in many healthcare settings around the world  [85]. Some facilities have their own antibiotic prescription guidelines against which to verify compliance, but most hospitals still lack such a tool  [86]. An analysis of a subset of antibiotic use data collected for the Point Prevalence Survey performed by the CDC in 2013 suggests that there are two further low hanging fruits for inpatient stewardship interventions. First, the treatment of urinary tract infections because nearly 40 % of such antimicrobial prescriptions were inappropriate, and second, vancomycin use, because in many cases treatment was continued for more than three days without evidence of an infection caused a resistant Gram-positive organism  [87].
New drugs against MDR Gram-negative bacteria should become available in the near future, but it is unlikely that any of them will prove effective against all existing carbapenemases  [99]. For the time being, critical MDR infections often require the use of old drugs and combination therapies, which frequently induce larger side effects and morbidity. Unfortunately, very limited evidence exists about the efficacy of these treatments, for instance the colistin-imipenem-tigecycline combination to treat carbapenem-resistant bacteria. Some studies with limited datasets have demonstrated the superiority of combination therapies  [100, 101] , whereas others did not show any significant difference  [102, 103]. While studies based on larger samples are urgently needed to determine the best treatment options, resistance to these last-resort classes of antibiotics is also rising in several Gramnegative bacteria  [104, 105] , probably due to increased consumption: for example, between 2000 and 2010, the global use of carbapenems and polymyxins increased 45 and 13 %, respectively  [2].
Acknowledgments Frank Aarestrup (Denmark),  Benedetta Allegranzi  (WHO),  Antoine Andremont  (France),  Hanan Balkhy  ( Saudi Arabia ),  Isabelle Caniaux  (France),  Yehuda Carmeli  (Israel),  Peter Collignon (Australia) ,  John Conly (Canada) ,  Wanda Cornistein (Argentina) ,  Sara Cosgrove (USA) ,  Thierry Crouzet (France) ,  Dennis Dixon (USA) ,  Ana Gales (Brazil) ,  Petra Gastmeier (Germany), Abdul Ghafur (India) ,  Tommaso Giani  (Italy),  Achilles Gikas (Greece) ,  Christine Ginocchio (USA) ,  Marek Gniadkowski  (Poland),  Herman Goossens (Belgium), Thomas Gottlieb (Australia), Lindsay Grayson (Australia) , Hajo Grundmann  (Netherlands),  Yoshiaki Gu  (Japan),  Deniz Gur  (Turkey),  Stephan Harbarth  (Switzerland),  Loreen Herwaldt (USA), Alison Holmes (UK) ,  Susan Huang (USA) ,  Benedikt Huttner  (Switzerland),  Nordiah Jalil  (Malaysia),  Vincent Jarlier  (France),  John Jernigan (USA)  ;  James R.
However, a theoretical reinterpretation of the ATLAS H → ττ search results in terms of LFV decays by an independent group has been used to set limits at the 95% confidence level (CL) of B(H → µτ) < 13%, B(H → eτ) < 13%  [4]. This letter describes a search for a LFV decay of a Higgs boson with M H = 125 GeV at the CMS experiment. The 2012 dataset collected at a centre-of-mass energy of √ s = 8 TeV corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 19. 7 fb -1 is used. The search is performed in two channels, H → µτ e and H → µτ h , where τ e and τ h are tau leptons reconstructed in the electronic and hadronic decay channels, respectively. The signature is very similar to the SM H → τ µ τ e and H → τ µ τ h decays, where τ µ is a tau lepton decaying muonically, which have been studied by CMS in Refs.
Other much smaller backgrounds come from misidentified leptons in W+jets, QCD multijets and tt events. In the H → µτ h channel the dominant background arises from misidentified τ leptons in W+jets, QCD multijets and tt events. Less significant backgrounds come from Z → ττ and Z+jets. The principal backgrounds are estimated using data. There is also a small background from SM H decays which is estimated with simulation. The presence or absence of a signal is established by fitting a mass distribution for signal and background using the asymptotic CL s criterion  [35, 36]. A "blind" analysis was performed. The data in the signal region were not studied until the selection criteria had been fixed and the background estimate finalized.
Detector and data sets A detailed description of the CMS detector, together with a description of the coordinate system used and the relevant kinematic variables, can be found in ref. [37]. The momenta of charged particles are measured with a silicon pixel and strip tracker that covers the pseudorapidity range |η| < 2. 5 and is inside a 3. 8 T axial magnetic field. Surrounding the tracker are a lead tungstate crystal electromagnetic calorimeter (ECAL) and a brass/scintillator hadron calorimeter, both consisting of a barrel assembly and two endcaps that extend to a pseudorapidity range of |η| < 3. 0. A steel/quartz-fiber Cherenkov forward detector extends the calorimetric coverage to |η| < 5. 0. The outermost component of the CMS detector is the muon system, consisting of gas-ionization detectors placed in the steel flux-return yoke of the magnet to measure the momenta of muons traversing the detector.
Misidentified leptons Leptons can arise from misidentified PF objects in W+jets and QCD multijet processes. This background is estimated with data. A sample with similar kinematic properties to the signal sample but enriched in W+jets and QCD multijets is defined. Then the probability for PF objects to be misidentified as leptons is measured in an independent data set, and this probability is applied to the enriched sample to compute the misidentified lepton background in the signal region. The technique is shown schematically in Table  2  in which four regions are defined including the signal and background enriched regions and two control regions used for validation of the technique. It is employed slightly differently in the H → µτ e and H → µτ h channels. The lepton isolation requirements used to define the enriched regions in each channel are slightly different.
In the H → µτ e channel, region I is the signal region in which an isolated µ and an isolated e are required. Region III is a data sample in which all the analysis selection criteria are applied except that one of the leptons is required to be not-isolated. Thus, there are two components: events with an isolated µ and not-isolated e events, as well as events with an isolated e and not-isolated µ events. There is negligible number of signal events in region III. Regions II and IV are data samples formed with the same selection criteria as regions I and III, respectively, but with same-sign rather than opposite-sign leptons. The kinematic distributions of the same-sign samples are very similar to the opposite-sign samples The sample in region III is dominated by W+jets and QCD multijets but with small contributions from WW, ZZ and WZ that are subtracted using simulation.
Normalization uncertainties The uncertainties are summarized in Tables  3  and 4. The uncertainties in the e and µ selection efficiency (trigger, identification and isolation) are estimated using the "tag and probe" technique in Z → ee, µµ data  [59]. The identification efficiency of hadronic τ decays is estimated using the "tag and probe" technique in Z → ττ data  [56]. The uncertainty in the Z → ττ background comes predominantly from the uncertainty in the τ efficiency. The uncertainties in the estimation of the misidentified lepton rate come from the difference in rates measured in different data samples (QCD multijets and W+jets). The uncertainty in the production cross section of the backgrounds that have been estimated by simulation is also included. There are several uncertainties on the H production cross section, which depend on the production mechanism contribution and the analysis category.
Acknowledgments We congratulate our colleagues in the CERN accelerator departments for the excellent performance of the LHC and thank the technical and administrative staffs at  CERN  and at other  CMS institutes  for their contributions to the success of the CMS effort. In addition, we gratefully acknowledge the computing centres and personnel of the Worldwide LHC Computing Grid for delivering so effectively the computing infrastructure essential to our analyses. Finally, we acknowledge the enduring support for the construction and operation of the LHC and the CMS detector provided by the following funding agencies:  BMWFW  and  FWF (Austria) ;  FNRS  and  FWO (Belgium) ;  CNPq ,  CAPES ,  FAPERJ , and  FAPESP (Brazil) ;  MES (Bulgaria) ;  CERN ;  CAS, MoST , and  NSFC (China) ;  COLCIENCIAS (Colombia) ;  MSES  and  CSF (Croatia) ;  RPF (Cyprus) ;  MoER ,  ERC IUT  and  ERDF (Estonia) ;  Academy of Finland ,  MEC , and  HIP (Finland) ;  CEA  and  CNRS/IN2P3  (France);  BMBF ,  DFG , and  HGF (Germany) ;  GSRT (Greece) ;  OTKA  and  NIH (Hungary) ;  DAE  and  DST (India) ;  IPM (Iran) ;  SFI (Ireland) ;  INFN (Italy) ;  MSIP  and  NRF (Re-.
Windstorms are identified and tracked in this study over their lifetime using an algorithm based on the local exceedance of the 98th percentile of instantaneous 10 m wind speed, which is associated with a storm severity measure. After removing inhomogeneities in the data set arising from major modifications of the operational system, the distributions of storm severity, storm size, and storm duration are computed. The overall principal properties of the homogenized EPS storm data set are in good agreement with storms from the ERA-Interim data set, making it suitable for climatological investigations of these extreme events. A demonstrated benefit in the climatological context by the EPS is presented. It gives clear evidence of a linear increase of maximum storm intensity and wind field size with storm duration.
The small area investigated in this study is, however, not representative of winter storms in Europe. The current study aims at assessing climatological properties of European winter storms, produced by the operational ECMWF Ensemble Prediction System. Such an approach requires minimizing the effects from inhomogeneities in the EPS introduced by the regular updates of this operational system. They could potentially produce systematic deviations from observed storms, the latter being represented by the ERA-Interim reanalysis in our study. Beyond these changes, there could be systematic forecast-lead-timedependent trends in the EPS data set, affecting storm characteristics like severity, duration, or the affected areas. Possible breaks (e. g. , between different model cycles), trends (e. g. , a model drift), and biases (e.
Since March 2003, the system has been initialized twice a day, at 12:00 and 00:00 UTC. In order to take the major changes into account, the data set was split into periods with constant horizontal resolution (Table  1 ). Data used in this study cover the period until 25 January 2010, thus excluding the latest period with T L 639 resolution. Depending on the period, the EPS data are available at 12-, 6-, and 3-hourly temporal resolution. As ERA-Interim is only available at 6-hourly resolution, the EPS data with a 3 h resolution were used in subsets of 6hourly resolution. For the 12-hourly data, ERA-Interim was also used at this temporal resolution (time steps at 00:00 and 12:00 UTC).
Homogenization of the EPS The improvements introduced into the operational EPS system mentioned above will affect the results of the tracking procedure in different ways, but a main impact is due to the changes in spatial and temporal resolution. Hence, we subdivide the data into subperiods of the same spatiotemporal resolution and apply a two-step procedure to homogenize windstorm identification and SSI calculation across these subperiods: first, the 98 % quantiles of each subperiod are scaled towards a common basis, using the ERA-Interim data set as a reference. We call this the "climatological scaling" of the threshold used for windstorm identification (see Sect. 3. 2. 1). Second, a quantile-quantile mapping approach (cf. Boé et al. , 2007; Maraun, 2013)  is used for exceedances of the 98th percentile to provide matching shapes of the upper tail of the wind speed distribution, which is a requirement of SSI calculations, homogenous across all subperiods.
Comparison of storm properties in the EPS and ERA-Interim In order to compare the entire ensemble of storms in the EPS with those detected in the ERA-Interim data set, events not entirely captured in a forecast must be excluded. They would erroneously be taken as short(er)-lived storm events. This situation may be present if a storm is detected at the initialization time. In this case, it may have existed before but could not be completely tracked on the basis of the driving data. Removing all storms existing at the start of the fore-  cast, however, allows the full range of storm durations to enter the statistics without a bias. A similar kind of problem would occur with storms existing at the end of the 10-day forecast time. Here, the same solution cannot be applied as it would prefer short-duration storms for genesis occurring rather late in the forecast period.
Conclusions Atlantic-European windstorms were identified in the archived data set of the ECMWF Ensemble Prediction System forecasts in the period December 1992 to January 2010. The identification of potentially damaging windstorms was based on the excess over the local 98th percentile of wind speeds  (Leckebusch et al. , 2008; Kruschke, 2015) , only taking into account events which have a minimum area at a single archived time step and a minimum duration of 24 h (with fulfillment of the minimum area criterion in each of them). The fact that the operational EPS changed its characteristics during the data period led to changes in the value of the 98th percentile of wind speed. Hence a homogenization procedure was applied to four subperiods characterized by different spatial resolutions of the system.
Acknowledgements. For the possibility to carry out this study we would like to thank the  Munich Re  for their financial support and the open-access publication fund of the  Freie Universität Berlin  for financing this publication. We are also grateful to the  German Weather Servive (DWD)  and the  ECMWF  for providing access to the EPS data and ERA-Interim reanalysis. The authors thank the two anonymous referees for their constructive comments.
work was supported by the CNRS, the University of Bordeaux, the Conseil Regional d'Aquitaine, the ANR and the Erasmus Mundus European program for a PhD fellowship of VB. JB acknowledges support from The Danish Research Council under grant 12-125226. KSP thanks The Danish Research Council for a DFF | Sapere Aude: Research Talent award (grant 4090-00201). The authors thank L. Favello for crystallographic assistance, P. Dagault for TGA analysis, E. Lebraud for PXRD and C. Mathionere and D. Samohvalov for technical assistance. Notes and references ‡ General synthesis of [Co 3 (dpa) 4 (MF 6 )]Á2DMF, 1-3: [Co 3 (dpa) 4 Cl 2 ] (50 mg, 0. 05 mmol) and AgBF 4 (20 mg, 0. 10 mmol) were combined in 10 mL of DMF in a glovebox. The mixture was stirred overnight and filtered. Anhydrous (PPh 4 ) 2 [MF 6 ] (1 eq.