dataesr/scientific-paragraphs-categorization huggingface dataset:
org/10. 5281/ zenodo. 1146566, Appendix E). Six of the 70 notifications received, corresponding to six TUs, were evaluated for possible QPS status; Paenibacillus lentus was reassessed because an update was requested in relation to the current mandate. Enterococcus lactis synonym Enterococcus xinjiangensis, Aurantiochytrium mangrovei synonym Schizochytrium mangrovei, Schizochytrium aggregatum, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii synonym Chlamydomonas smithii and Haematococcus lacustris synonym Haematococcus pluvialis were assessed for the first time. The following conclusions were drawn: • Paenibacillus lentus is not recommended for QPS status due to a limited body of knowledge. • Enterococcus lactis; synonym Enterococcus xinjiangensis, is not recommended for QPS status due to potential safety concerns.
The update of the 2013 QPS list (EFSA BIOHAZ Panel, 2013) was done in 2016  (EFSA BIOHAZ Panel, 2017). From 2016 on, the QPS list (https://doi. org/10. 5281/zenodo. 1146566) and the list of notifications to EFSA (https://doi. org/10. 5281/zenodo. 3607183) are constantly updated, independent of the QPS opinion and available at the Knowledge Junction in Zenodo. The most recent QPS opinion (EFSA BIOHAZ Panel, 2020) summarises the main results of the 3-year ELS on the QPS TUs, together with an update of the process for granting QPS status. In the meantime, every 6 months a Panel Statement, compiling the assessments for a QPS status of the microbiological agents notified to EFSA requested by the Feed Unit, the Food Ingredients and Packaging (FIP) Unit, the Nutrition Unit, the Pesticides Unit and the Genetically Modified Organisms (GMO) Unit, as well as the summary of each 6-month ELS exercise, has been produced and published.
Each QPS Panel Statement contains the evaluations of the new notifications for microorganisms submitted for possible QPS status. It also contains the result of a standardized extensive literature search performed every 6 months regarding possible new safety concerns related to the TUs already included in the QPS list. The data identified are used to decide whether any TU may or may not remain on the QPS list, and whether any qualifications need to be revised. Establishing a QPS status is based on four pillars:  [1]  the taxonomic grouping (TU) for which QPS is sought ('taxonomic identification');  [2]  whether sufficient relevant information is available about the proposed group of organisms to conclude on human/animal exposure by food/ feed ('body of knowledge');  [3]  whether the grouping proposed contains known 'safety concerns' and, finally,  [4]  the intended end use ('intended use').
Data In reply to ToR 3, (re)assessment of the suitability of TUs notified within the time period covered by this Statement (from April to September 2021) was carried out. The literature review considered the identification, the body of knowledge, the potential safety concerns related to human and animal health and to the environment (EFSA BIOHAZ Panel, 2020). The environmental risk assessment of plant protection products is not included in the QPS assessment but carried out by the Pesticide Peer Review (PPR) Unit. The knowledge on relevant acquired antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is reflected in the safety sections. Relevant databases, such as PubMed, Web of Science, CAB Abstracts or Food Science Technology Abstracts (FSTA) and Scopus, were searched, based on the judgement of the experts. More details on the search strategy, search keys and approach for each of the assessments are described in Appendix A.
Monitoring of new safety concerns related to species with QPS status In reply to ToR 2, concerning the revision of the TUs previously recommended for the QPS list and their qualifications, an extensive literature search (ELS) was conducted as described in Appendix B -ELS protocol, see https://doi. org/10. 5281/zenodo. 3607188, and in Appendix C Search strategiessee https://doi. org/10. 5281/zenodo. 3607192, respectively. The search strategies were updated to include the following synonyms: • Bacillus clausii: Alkalihalobacillus clausii • Bacillus coagulans: Weizmannia coagulans • Bacillus flexus: Priestia flexa • Bacillus fusiformis: Lysinibacillus fusiformis • Bacillus lentus: Lederbergia lentus • Bacillus megaterium: Priestia megaterium • Candida cylindracea: Limtongozyma cylindracea • Lindnera jadinii: Cyberlindnera jadinii • Yarrowia lipolytica: Candida lipolytica The search period for Cyberlindnera jadinii and Candida lipolytica was extended to include articles from 2010 onwards, the other synonyms were searched for the period covering January-June 2021.
4. 3. Qualification 'QPS only applies when the species is used for production purposes' The qualification 'QPS only applies when the species is used for production purposes' has been updated for consistency (Table  4 ). For some TUs, data are lacking on the direct exposure of humans and animals to viable cells, while there is a long history of use of their fermentation products and/or their biomasses in the food and/or feed chain. This qualification implies the absence of viable production organisms in the final product and is also applicable to food and feed products based on the non-viable biomass of the microorganism (EFSA BIOHAZ Panel, 2018).
WCM parametrization of vegetation and soil variables has been performed based on experimental data relating the model performance to the quality and robustness of in situ data  [32]. The scientific community has dedicated considerable effort to improving the accuracy of the WCM. Therefore, different versions of the WCM have been reported in the literature, demonstrating a notable improvement in the simplified WCM under corresponding assumptions  [16, 38, 47, 68, 69]. Zhang et al. [21]  suggested a modified version of the WCM using the vegetation proportion based on the hypothesis that vegetation does not cover pixels with the same proportion across the various growth stages. As a result, the total backscattering signal was determined as the sum of the vegetation coverage fraction contribution and the proportion of bare soil backscattering.
04 dB to 1. 40 dB and from 2. 45 dB to 1. 69 dB in HH and VV polarizations, respectively. This approach provided a higher soil moisture estimation accuracy, and the RMSE values were smaller than 3. 4 vol. %. Bao et al. [16]  proposed an improved WCM based on the Taylor approximation using Sentinel-1 data. Model validation yielded an RMSE value of approximately 5. 3 vol. % for soil moisture estimation. Most studies have been developed to retrieve soil moisture using C-and X-band SAR data rather than L-band data due to the limited availability of SAR data at the L-band frequency. The Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) provides Advanced Land Observing Satellite (ALOS) and ALOS-2 L-band images on request. In the near future, the European Space Agency (ESA) will deploy the Radar Observing System for Europe-Lband (ROSE-L) Mission for land and geohazard monitoring, where soil moisture retrieval is one of the main objectives  [70].
Furthermore, localized irrigation is a source of complexity in SAR signal modeling and subsequent soil moisture estimation. In the case of drip irrigation, soil moisture is not distributed homogeneously across the entire plot  [71]. Hence, this work aims to compare the L-band and the C-band potentials for soil moisture retrieval under the same conditions, i. e. , locally irrigated heterogeneous crops using a modified version of the water cloud model. This article is divided into five sections. Section 2 describes the study zone and the dataset used, including satellite images, and gathered data (soil properties and biophysical parameters) and presents the proposed methodology for radar signal modeling and soil moisture estimation. Section 3 details the results and discusses them and is divided into four parts: radar sensitivity to soil moisture heterogeneity, radar sensitivity to heterogeneous vegetation cover parameters, calibration, and validation of the modified WCM and sensitivity of the modified WCM to soil moisture.
The mature peppers are harvested multiple times until the senescence of pepper plants. After the launch of Sentinel-2 (S-2) A and B on 23 June 2015 and 7 March 2017, respectively, optical data became free and open access with a spatial resolution varying between 10 m ×10 m and 60 m × 60 m, and a revisit time of up to 5 days in 13 spectral bands at visible and mid-infrared wavelengths. In the present study, we used S-2 surface reflectance products downloaded from the Theia site (https://www. theia-land. fr/, accessed on 8 January 2022), already orthorectified and atmospherically corrected with a mask of clouds and shadows owing to the MAJA algorithm. On each acquisition date and using red visible and near infrared bands with center wavelengths of approximately 665 and 833 nm, respectively, we calculated the NDV I and averaged this index for each reference field as expressed in the following equation  [18, 44, 74, 75] : NDV I = R N IR -R Red R N IR + R Red (1) where R N IR and R Red are the surface reflectance in the two bands, near infrared and red visible, respectively  [76].
Sentinel-1 data are produced as ground range-detected (GRD) data and generated in the interferometric wide-swath (IW) mode. Owing to the launch of Sentinel-1 A and B sensors, C-band data are available in vertical-vertical (VV) and vertical-horizontal (VH) polarizations at an incidence angle of approximately 39 • for the Kairouan plain site, with a spatial resolution of 10 m × 10 m and a revisit time of up to 6 days. In regard to the S-1 products, several processing steps were carried out involving thermal noise removal, radiometric calibration, terrain correction based on a Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) digital elevation model (DEM) with a 30 m resolution and speckle filtering with a Lee filter.
• ALOS-2 Advanced Land Observing Satellite-2 (ALOS-2) images are acquired at the L-band frequency by the Phased Array Synthetic Aperture Radar (PALSAR). According to Table  1 , five ALOS-2 SAR images were obtained in the stripmap mode between June and August 2020 over the study area. Radar images were available in dual polarizations, i. e. , horizontalhorizontal (HH) and horizontal-vertical (HV), at an incidence angle of 32. 5 • for the study zone with a spatial resolution of 6 m × 6 m and a revisit cycle of 14 days. Radiometric calibration was performed based on the available data to transform digital values into backscattering coefficients on a linear scale. Georeferencing of ALOS-2 data was carried out through a control points method, as detected using NDVI images calculated from Sentinel-2 optical data with a root mean square (RMS) control point error smaller than 0.
In Situ Measurements During S-1 and ALOS-2 acquisitions (between June and August 2020), data gathering campaigns were conducted in seven irrigated reference pepper fields in the Sidi Ali Ben Salem area in the Kairouan Plain. Reference fields were considered to measure soil surface properties (roughness and soil moisture) and vegetation parameters (leaf area index, fraction cover and height of vegetation cover). The surface area of these fields varied between 1 and 2. 6 ha. As shown in Figure  5 , the pepper coverage is heterogeneous with a directional vegetation structure. Each pepper field comprised vegetation rows with local drip irrigation. An approximate distance of 0. 35 m separated two pepper plants within one row. The inter-row spacing was 1 m and consisted of bare soil.
In Situ Measurements During S-1 and ALOS-2 acquisitions (between June and August 2020), data gathering campaigns were conducted in seven irrigated reference pepper fields in the Sidi Ali Ben Salem area in the Kairouan Plain. Reference fields were considered to measure soil surface properties (roughness and soil moisture) and vegetation parameters (leaf area index, fraction cover and height of vegetation cover). The surface area of these fields varied between 1 and 2. 6 ha. As shown in Figure  5 , the pepper coverage is heterogeneous with a directional vegetation structure. Each pepper field comprised vegetation rows with local drip irrigation. An approximate distance of 0. 35 m separated two pepper plants within one row. The inter-row spacing was 1 m and consisted of bare soil. During S-1 and ALOS-2 acquisitions (between June and August 2020), data gathering campaigns were conducted in seven irrigated reference pepper fields in the Sidi Ali Ben Salem area in the Kairouan Plain.
Results 3. 1. Radar (Advanced Land Observing Satellite-2 (ALOS-2) and Sentinel-1) Sensitivity to Soil Moisture In this section, we evaluate the influence of soil moisture on the L-and C-band radar signals at the different pepper growth stages, where the pepper height value varies between 0. 17 and 0. 64 m, the LAI value fluctuates between 0. 07 and 1. 75 and Fc is less than 0. 5. The objective is to conduct a preliminary analysis to detect possible soil moisture effects in high-heterogeneity context of soil moisture and vegetation cover. Figure  7  shows the linear relationships between the ALOS-2 and Sentinel-1 data and soil moisture values calculated as mentioned in the second section based on Equation  (2). Regarding the C-band data, we observe a limited correlation between radar data and soil moisture.
Calibration and Validation of the Modified WCM In this section, we simulate the radar signal behavior in pepper fields through calibration and validation of the proposed model, as expressed in Equations (  4 ) and (  5 ). Based on the radar sensitivity results in Section 3. 2, we adopt the vegetation height as a pepper descriptor in the following sections. Modified WCM calibration and validation were carried out through the threefold cross-validation method due to the limited data samples (30 samples for L-band data and 32 samples for C-band data). This method consisted of a resampling procedure starting with random shuffling of the dataset followed by splitting into three partitions of equal size. With each partition, we calibrated the proposed model on 2/3 of the whole dataset, and we validated the model against 1/3 of the dataset.
At each value of the pepper coverage fraction, we varied the vegetation height level and recorded the slope (dB/vol. %). To better investigate the model sensitivity with vegetation parameter variation, we generated 3D surface scatter plots of the modified WCM sensitivity to the different soil moisture values according to the above established linear relationships as a function of the cover fraction and vegetation height (Figure  10 ) under different soil moisture conditions. With the use of L-HH data (Figure  10a ), a high sensitivity was found at a low vegetation cover fraction and small height despite the smaller slope values starting at a height of 0. 5 m and an Fc value of 0. 4. Regarding C-VV data (Figure  10b ), the model sensitivity decreased from 0. 2 dB/vol. % at low Fc and H values to 0 dB/vol.
Conclusions This study proposes an analysis of the potential of SAR data for soil moisture retrieval in drip-irrigated pepper fields in semiarid areas at the center of Tunisia, i. e. , the Kairouan Plain, using L-and C-band SAR data. By considering that 15% of the field area is influenced by drip irrigation and that the remaining area is dominated by non-irrigated bare soil, we analyzed the sensitivity of radar signal to the weighted soil moisture content (Mv). According to the initial sensitivity analysis to detect possible soil moisture effects under a high soil moisture heterogeneity where the pepper height varied between 0. 17 and 0. 64 m, the LAI value fluctuated between 0. 07 and 1. 75 and Fc was lower than 0. 5, the results revealed that the L-HH data were more sensitive than were the C-VV data to the soil water content.
The sensitivity decreased from 0. 16 dB/vol. % in L-HH case to 0. 06 dB/vol. % using C-VV. Regarding cross-polarized data, volume scattering generated noise, which impacted the sensitivity of SAR signal where R values were lower than 0. 48 for both the L-HV and C-VH data. The radar signal sensitivity was investigated as a function of two pepper biophysical properties: vegetation height and LAI. Radar signal sensitivity analysis of these pepper biophysical parameters revealed a high correlation of the linear relationships between the SAR data and vegetation height compared to the LAI parameter. Based on the results, we proposed a modified version of the WCM. In this model, we considered the vegetation height as a vegetation descriptor and we used the cover fraction to separate the backscattering mechanisms of the bare soil and vegetation row parts.
Using L-HH data, the proposed model remained sensitive to soil moisture where sensitivity values vary between 0. 25 dB/vol. % and 0. 08 dB/vol. % at a vegetation height and a cover fraction values less than 0. 5 m and 0. 4, respectively, where inter-row soil moisture value is equal to 5 vol. %. Under the same soil moisture context, the model sensitivity, using C-VV data, decreased from 0. 17 dB/vol. % to 0. 08 dB/vol. % at a vegetation height less than 0. 3 m and a cover fraction value lower than 0. 3. The aforementioned vegetation biophysical parameters thresholds vary as function of the inter-row vegetation soil moisture contexts. One of the limitations of the proposed semi-empirical approach is its dependence on the database used and the study objectives. Hence, the suggested approach should be tested at other sites.
Remerciements : Les auteurs remercient les biologistes et le personnel des laboratoires d'analyses m edicales : C eline Delavall ee (laboratoire Genbio, Clermont-Ferrand), Gilbert Poinas (laboratoire Oxylab, Brioude) et Thomas Charbonnier (laboratoire Sylab, Aurillac). Ils remercient egalement les m edecins g en eralistes et infirmi eres lib erales qui ont particip e a l' etude.
[20]  Alternatively, could DOACs have similar effects than LMWH in inhibiting VWF release, endothelial cells angiogenesis and permeability? Could they also potentially be used to reduce not only the risk of CAT but also of tumor progression? For limiting disease progression, direct inhibition of VWF appears very elusive at the moment considering the multiplicity of mechanisms involved in the progression of malignant disorders. Additional studies refining further our knowledge of VWF involvement in cancer are more than ever necessary. Also, observations of patients with von Willebrand disease (VWD) could potentially be useful. Despite the heterogeneity of malignant diseases, can we get any information about whether VWD patients are at lower/higher risk of developing cancer? Alternatively, is cancer progression different in patients with VWD? Such studies will obviously be extremely complicated to carry out but if at least, an international surveillance database existed on the subject, the clinical relevance of VWF role in cancer could potentially be established beyond experimental models.
La synergie entre les deux traitements (inhibiteurs de BRAF et traitement par l'iode radioactif) est ainsi actuellement évaluée dans trois essais cliniques (NCT03244956, NCT03975231, NCT02145143). Des combinaisons avec des inhibiteurs de MEK ou ciblant les récepteurs à activité tyrosine kinase impliqués dans la résistance primaire, sont également à l'étude (NCT01947023, NCT02456701, NCT03181100).
Le xanthoastrocytome pléomorphe Le xanthoastrocytome pléomorphe est une tumeur astrocytaire rare touchant des patientes et des patients jeunes. De bon pronostic après résection de la tumeur, quelques études rapportent toutefois une réponse variable aux inhibiteurs de BRAF  [41, 49]. L'association avec un inhibiteur de MEK est actuellement à l'étude (NCT02684058).
Ce travail a bénéficié du soutien de la Ligue nationale contre le cancer (Comité du Gard JPB/GA/MV/39-2019), de l'INCa-Cancéropôle GSO (Programme émergence, N° 2018-E01). L'Agence nationale pour la recherche (ANR) soutient Eulalie Corre (programme « Investissements d'avenir » ANR-10-LABX-05-01, LabEx CheMISyst) et Sarah Dandou (ANR-20-THIA-0005-01, complété par le soutien de l'École doctorale CBS2).
[3]  C'est pourquoi, une densitométrie osseuse (DMO) est vivement recommandée après la survenue d'une fracture de l'avant-bras afin d'optimiser la décision thérapeutique. [4] Au cours d'une précédente étude menée dans notre département, seules 10 % des femmes ≥ 50 ans avaient fait l'objet d'une DMO après une fracture de l'avant-bras. [5] Il s'agissait cependant d'une étude portant sur un petit échantillon de patientes et limitée au secteur privé. Dans ce présent travail, nous avons utilisé la base de données du Système National d'Information Inter Régimes de l'Assurance Maladie [SNIIRAM],[6] qui peut être relié au Programme de Médicalisation des Systèmes d'Information [PMSI], un outil médicoéconomique permettant de décrire l'activité médicale des établissements de santé publique et privés.
Remerciements : nous remercions  Caroline Rault  ( CHU de Rennes ,  UPRES-EA 7449  REPERES) ;  Florence Erny ,  François Jacquot  et  Philippe Tauveron  ( Centre de l'Ostéoporose, Tours ) ;  Ken Haguenoer  et  Emmanuel Rusch  ( Service d'Information Médicale, d'Epidémiologie et d'Economie de la Santé, Laboratoire de santé publique, CHRU de Tours ). Ce travail n'aurait pas été possible sans l'aide de  Mehdi Gabbas ,  CNAM-TS (Caisse Nationale de l'Assurance Maladie des Travailleurs Salariés) (Paris) et de Valérie Edel, INDS (Institut National des Données de Santé). Cet article est le résultat du groupe d'étude « Prévention de l'Ostéoporose après fracture du Poignet » [POP]. Annexe A. Matériel complémentaire Du matériel complémentaire (Tableau S1 ) accompagnant cet article est disponible sur.
L'examen des AT contenus dans la base de données Epicea (http://www. inrs. fr/accueil/produits/bdd/epicea. html) (Abdat et al. , 2014)  ou bien de ceux survenus dans une dizaine d'entreprises au cours de 10 mois  (Morel, Stephan, Chauvin, Leclercq, & Claudon, 2021)  laisse supposer que la prise en compte des APM survenus au cours de la manipulation ou de la manutention manuelle augmenterait de manière significative la sinistralité liée au risque d'APM estimée ci-dessus. Ceci dit, cette sinistralité, bien que sous-estimée aujourd'hui, est suffisamment éloquente pour motiver une mise en visibilité et une prise en compte du risque de perturbation accidentelle du mouvement volontaire au cours de l'activité de travail.
Microscopie multiphotonique et traitements computationnels Les échantillons ont été imagés par microscopie biphotonique avec une source laser standard Titane-Saphir femtoseconde (800 nm, 4 W, 150 fs, 10 nm, Chameleon Ultra II, Coherent) et observés au microscope Olympus, modèle BX61WI. L'objectif de microscope Olympus XLPlan N 25x puis l'objectif Olympus LUMFL N 60x ont été successivement utilisés. Les filtres optiques utilisés pour collecter le signal émis par les échantillons sont compris dans des gammes de longueurs d'onde de 260 à 630 nm. Les acquisitions d'images en trois dimensions ont été réalisées avec un pas de 10 nm entre chaque image sur l'axe Z. La puissance moyenne utilisée pour les observations était de 10 mW. Les images ont été exploitées avec le logiciel ImageJ et le traitement numérique a été réalisé avec l'algorithme FIGARO, intégré à la chaine instrumentale et computationnelle FAMOUS  [7].
Acknowledgements Financial support from  Institut de Sciences des Materiaux de Mulhouse  ( UMR7361 CNRS -UHA ) via the  Emergent  Project, is acknowledged. This work was also partially financially supported by the  European Union 's  Horizon 2020 Program  (project  NAIMA , call:  LC-BAT-02 , Contract no. 875629 ). It was realized in the frame of the  RS2E network (French research network  on electrochemical energy storage) and the laboratory of excellency for electrochemical energy storage (STORE-EX).