dataesr/scientific-paragraphs-categorization huggingface dataset:
A same gene could be involved in different GO terms. Genes among the following classes: biological process (  27 ), cellular process (  26 ), metabolic process (  21 ) and response to stimulus  (17)  were the most abundant. For molecular function  (26) , the dominant group was binding  (18)  followed by catalytic activity (  17 ) and structure molecular activity (4). For the cellular components (28), the three most prevalent groups were cell  (28) , cell part  (28)  and organelle (21) (Figure  3 ). GO analysis was carried out to obtain fundamental function of genes and information on molecular functions, cellular components and biological processes. After mapping the DRPs against the GO database, we observed that 28 genes (45%) were assigned to GO terms. A same gene could be involved in different GO terms.
Genes among the following classes: biological process (  27 ), cellular process  (26) , metabolic process (  21 ) and response to stimulus  (17)  were the most abundant. For molecular function  (26) , the dominant group was binding  (18)  followed by catalytic activity (  17 ) and structure molecular activity (4). For the cellular components (28), the three most prevalent groups were cell  (28) , cell part (28) and organelle (21) (Figure  3 ). GO analysis was carried out to obtain fundamental function of genes and information on molecular functions, cellular components and biological processes. After mapping the DRPs against the GO database, we observed that 28 genes (45%) were assigned to GO terms. A same gene could be involved in different GO terms. Genes among the following classes: biological process  (27) , cellular process (26), metabolic process  (21)  and response to stimulus  (17)  were the most abundant.
For molecular function  (26) , the dominant group was binding  (18)  followed by catalytic activity  (17)  and structure molecular activity (4). For the cellular components (28), the three most prevalent groups were cell  (28) , cell part (28) and organelle (21) (Figure  3 ). To investigate the biological functions and metabolic pathways of protein sequences, we performed an enrichment analysis with the KEGG pathway database. Among the 61 DRPs, 45 (72. 6%) DRPs were mapped to 22 pathways in the KEGG database. The proteins involved in metabolic pathways were the most represented (n = 12; 27%), followed by those involved in cellular processes (13%) and genetic information processing (13%). KEGG enrichment indicated that most of these DRPs were involved in carbohydrate metabolism, such as citrate cycle and glycolysis/gluconeogenesis.
Funding: This work was supported by a grant from the  French State  managed by the  National Research Agency  under the " Investissements d'avenir (Investments for the Future)" program  under the reference  ANR-10-IAHU-03  ( Méditerranée Infection ) and by the  Région Provence-Alpes-Côte-d'Azur and the European funding FEDER PRIMMI.
Preclinical PET and MR imaging and data analysis The PET and MR images of the first cohort of the combo-(n=4), CIT-(n=2), Th1-(n=3) or sham-treated (n=3) RIP1-Tag2 mice were acquired four days after the final mAb administration (Figure  1A ) using a dedicated small-animal PET scanner (Siemens Preclinical Solutions; Knoxville, USA) and a 7 T small-animal MRI (Bruker Biospin MRI; Germany). The second cohort of CIT-(n=8) or sham-treated (n=8) RIP1-Tag2 mice underwent a baseline PET scan one day before the onset of treatment and a second PET scan four days after the fourth mAb administration (Figure  2A ). After a fasting period, the RIP1-Tag2 mice were intravenously (i. v. ) injected with 12. 5 MBq 18 F-FDG. Static PET scans were acquired 45 min after the tracer injection for a single time frame of 15 min.
Analysis of the clinical splenic 18 F-FDG-PET/CT data The PET scans were acquired on a Siemens Biograph PET/CT Scanner (Siemens Healthcare, Knoxville, USA) 60 min after the i. v. application of approximately 300 MBq 18 F-FDG using a clinical protocol according to the in-house standards, which included a fully diagnostic contrast-enhanced CT scan (portal venous phase; 120 mL, 2. 0 mL/s; Ultravist; Bayer, Leverkusen, Germany). The examined field ranged from the orbitomeatal line to the mid-thigh. The scans were performed with elevated arms. The PET data were reconstructed using an ultra-HD reconstruction including time-of-flight and point-spread functions (2 iterations, 21 subsets, Gaussian filter 2 mm) and were corrected for attenuation as well as scatter. Experienced physicians with long-standing expertise in hybrid imaging visually segmented visually the whole spleen in the CT images and copied the VOI to the coregistered PET data for semiquantitative analysis.
Computational analysis of the bone marrow activity To identify and estimate the metabolic activation of the bone marrow, we applied a computational analysis to the hybrid 18 F-FDG-PET/CT images. The software application is based on a segmentation analysis method and isolates the signal of the trabecular bone from that of the surrounding tissues, in particular, from the cortical bone  [14] [15] [16]. Briefly, the algorithm identifies the bone border on CT images by recognizing the sharp attenuation contrast between soft tissues and the outer cortical bone as well as the boundary between the inner cortical bone and trabecular bone. After defining the trabecular bone volume, the program generates a mask, which is then transported onto the PET dataset to extract the functional information from the voxels belonging to the trabecular bone.
Statistical analysis Blood glucose levels (BGL) were compared within the cohorts at the time point shortly before the follow-up 18 F-FDG PET scans. The preclinical in vivo and ex vivo data and the clinical data derived from patients ( 18 F-FDG uptake, blood parameters and TBR values between responders and non-responders) were compared using unpaired, two-tailed Student's t-tests. Data are displayed as the mean ± SEM. Significance is indicated in the figures by *p<0. 05, **p<0. 01 and ***p<0. 001. The statistical analyses were performed using GraphPad Prism (GraphPad Software, CA, USA).
Retrospective analysis of clinical 18 F-FDG-PET/CT scans with a focus on the spleen To test whether our preclinical results are also valid in CIT-treated patients, we retrospectively analyzed the 18 F-FDG-PET/CT data from patients with metastatic melanoma. We identified 23 patients who underwent 18 F-FDG-PET/CT imaging within 50 days before and 125 days after the onset of CTLA-4 or PD-1 mAb treatment. The patients were divided into treatment responders or non-responders according to the clinical decisions made by the treating physicians, which led to the continuation or discontinuation of the CIT-treatment. No significant differences in age were identified between the two groups. One of the non-responders underwent cytotoxic chemotherapy 11 months before the onset of CIT because of an ovarian carcinoma; none of the other patients underwent chemotherapy regimens due to metastatic melanoma.
Acknowledgments This work was supported by the  Medical Faculty of the Eberhard Karls University Tübingen  (" PATE program "),  Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation ,  Germany´s Excellence Strategy -EXC   2180 -390900677  and  SFB685 ; project  B6 ) and the  Werner Siemens-Foundation  (Zug, Switzerland). Art in the graphical abstract partially adapted from Servier Medical Art https://smart. servier. com/,under license  CC-BY 3. 0. The authors thank  Maren Harant ,  Natalie Mucha  and  Funda Cay  for excellent technical support.
General experimental procedures The melting points were determined on a digital Electrothermal 9100. Optical rotations were measured with a JASCO DIP-370 digital polarimeter in a 50 mm microcell (1 mL). Ultraviolet and infra-red spectra were recorded using Shimadzu UV-2600 and Alpha Bruker spectrophotometers, respectively. Electron ionisation mass spectrometry (EI-MS) and high-resolution electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry (HR-ESI-MS) data were obtained on Thermo Finnigan Polaris Q and Micromass VQ-TOF2 spectrometers, respectively. 1 H-NMR (400, 500 MHz), 13 C-NMR (100, 125 MHz), and 2 D correlation spectra were recorded on Bruker Avance 500 and Bruker Ascend 400 NMR spectrometers in CDCl 3 , CD 3 OD, or C 5 D 5 N. Separation was achieved using silica gel P60 40-63 mm (SiliaFlash V R ; Silicycle), reversed phase silica gel C-18, 40-63 mm (Silicycle), and Sephadex TM LH-20 (GE Healthcare Life Sciences) as stationary phases for column chromatography and silica gel 60 F 254 for preparative thin layer chromatography (PTLC, 20 Â 20 cm, layer thickness 1 mm; Merck).
4% SRB (Sigma-Aldrich) dissolved in 1% acetic acid (Merck) for 1 h. The cellular-protein-bound dye was extracted with 10 mM unbuffered Trisbase solution (pH 10. 5) (Sigma-Aldrich) for the determination of optical density at 510 nm with a microtiter plate reader (Thermo Scientific TM Multiskan TM GO Microplate Spectrophotometer). The cytotoxic potency was expressed as median inhibition concentrations (IC 50 ), the concentration that inhibits 50% of cell viability (mg/mL and mM). The IC 50 values were determined from the nonlinear regression curve fit in GraphPad Prism software (version 5). Ellipticine (Sigma-Aldrich), a cytotoxic plant alkaloid causing topoisomerase II inhibition and DNA intercalation, was used as a positive control.
The 1 H-NMR spectrum of 6 also displayed signals at d 4. 73 (1H, d, 9. 1 Hz, H-2), 2. 96 (1H, m, H-3), and 4. 24 (1H, m, H-4) assignable to the three methine protons at C-2, C-3, and C-4, respectively. Full assignment of the 1 D NMR spectra and the connectivities of compound 6 were established based on 1 H-1 H correlated spectroscopy (COSY), heteronuclear single quantum coherence spectroscopy (HSQC), and heteronuclear multiple bond correlation (HMBC) spectroscopic data analyses. Moreover, the absolute configuration and positions of three methoxy and one hydroxy functional groups were confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The NMR spectra of compound 6 are similar to that of forsylthialan B  (Piao et al. 2008 ), but the HMBC spectroscopic and X-ray crystallographic data indicated that there is a hydroxyl group at C-4 0 of the phenyl ring, and stereocenters carbons C-2, C-3, and C-4 were assigned as R, S, and R configurations, respectively (Figure  2 ).
B. Theory of light extinction in nanodiamond hydrosols The Mie theory  [68] [69] [70]  was used to obtain the absorption and scattering cross sections. The calculations performed in the Wolfram Mathematica package 71 code exaclty reproduce the results of the Matzler Matlab code  72. The absorption and scattering cross sections of the primary crystallites are σ (abs) P (λ) and σ (sca) P (λ), respectively. The input parameters for the Mie theory were the size D P , nanoparticle dielectric permittivity ε P (λ), medium dielectric permittivity ε W and wavelength λ. For the medium agglomerates, the input parameters for the Mie theory were the size D 1 = 90 nm, dielectric permittivity ε A (D 1 , λ), mean dielectric permittivity ε W , and the wavelength λ. The yield is the absorption and scattering cross sections σ (λ), respectively.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Theoretical and computational contributions, a part of optical experiments as well as developing the general idea of the study were conducted by S. V. K. and funded by RFBR according to the research project  18-32-00069. We acknowledge the project " Quantum Fluids of Light"  ( ANR-16-CE30-0021 ). A. V. S. acknowledges  RFBR  (project  18-29-19125 MK ) for sample preparation and DLS measurements. Thanks to  A. Ya. Vul  for his support. We are gratefully indebted to  O. Bleu  and  D. D. Solnyshkov  for useful criticism.
Acknowledgments: The first author gratefully acknowledges this third financial support and is thankful to  Angélique Leonard  of the  University of Liege (Belgium) ,  André Zoulalian  and  Yann Rogaume  of the  University of Lorraine (France)  for positive letters of reference that facilitated my grant. Merlin Simo-Tagne  is also grateful to  Romain Rémond ,  Tristan Stern ,  Lucas Delaunay  and  Tom Bourgault of LERMaB (Epinal)  for precious help in completing the experimental results. This paper is dedicated to the memory of  Beguide Bonoma  of the  University of Yaoundé I (Cameroon)  who supervised my PhD thesis and died 29 March 2020.
Compared to porosities derived from Vp alone  (Montgomery et al. , 2017) , the downslope sites' (10-12) porosities are underestimated in this study, likely owing to the strong dependence Vs has on shear modulus, where the increase of ice in the matrix causes an increase in the shear modulus to that more like pure ice, where the porosity is 0. This paper presents the first insights into the Vs distribution of a firn aquifer. It details how a complete seismic record can be used to extract elastic properties of the aquifer and inform porosity and stiffness. Our novel methodology enables the direct integration of multiple geophysical data sets, providing a comprehensive uncertainty analysis, circumventing ambiguous solutions that are often obtained from individual datasets. We provide an evidenced description of the development of the aquifer highlighting its complex spatial variability and the reduced water storage potential of older systems.
Data Availability Statement The MuLTI III algorithm can be found at https://zenodo. org/record/4015183 (http://doi. org/10. 5281/ zenodo. 4015183). The seismic data are archived at the IRIS Data Management Center (GreenISE, Data set 14-064) and the Arctic Data Center (https://arcticdata. io/catalog/view/doi:10. 18739/A2RB6W22B).
FastQC was used to check the quality of raw reads generated by Illumina. To obtain high-quality clean reads, the raw reads were first trimmed by removing adaptor sequences using the Cutadapt software. Low-quality reads containing more than 20% bases with a Q-value <10 were discarded. The clean reads were then mapped to the 12X. 2 version of Pinot Noir derived PN40024 reference genome sequence. Raw counts were determined using Tophat2 and SAMToolsv  (Li et al. , 2009) , generating an overall counts matrix. Only reads with a perfect match or one mismatch were further analyzed and annotated based on this reference genome. Mapped reads per gene were counted with HTSeq-count (www-huber. embl. de/users/anders/HTSeq/; Anders et al. , 2015). Then, the R package edgeR  (Robinson et al. , 2010)  was used to identify differentially expressed genes using a stringent threshold: absolute value of Log Fold Change (LFC) >1 and False Discovery Rate (FDR) <0.
91b) using the following parameters: minimum length of a block after gap cleaning = 5, no gap positions were allowed in the final alignment, all segments with contiguous nonconserved positions bigger than 8 were rejected, minimum number of sequences for a flank position = 55%. Dendrograms were reconstructed using the maximum likelihood method implemented in the PhyML program (v3. 1/3. 0 aLRT) using default settings. Reliability for internal branch was assessed using the bootstrapping method (100 bootstrap replicates). Dendrograms were drawn with TreeDyn (v198. 3).
| In-air data None of the 50 surveyed patients described any major medical complication or VAD-related complication during the flight. Of the 50 patients, 1 reported a minor complication due to pain in the ear caused by increased sinus pressure, which was a recurring problem diagnosed before VAD implantation (Figure  6 ). No technical problems of the assist device were reported. No device-related alarms were recorded in our cohort and no battery changes were necessary. All of the patients stated that they would board a commercial airplane again.
The study was approved by the institutional ethics committee of the French Intensive Care Society (decision CE SRLF15-39) which waived the need for patient's consent. Written and oral information about the study was given to the patients and/or their next of kin. The trial was registered on clinicaltrials. gov under reference NCT02638844. We also included a cohort of control patients who were mechanically ventilated for airway protection only, without hypoxemia.
2D-STE Cine loops from RV-focused 4-and 2-chamber apical views were recorded. The frame rate ranged between 50 and 80 frames/s. We recorded ≥ 3 consecutive cardiac cycles, encompassing approximately one respiratory cycle. Three RV walls were analysed: lateral and septal walls from 4-chamber view and inferior wall from 2-chamber view (obtained by rotating the probe counterclockwise with an angle of 90° from the 4-chamber view focused on the RV). Each wall was divided into three segments (basal, mid-ventricular, and apical). Longitudinal systolic strain (LSS) is calculated as the percentage of systolic shortening of a myocardial wall from base to apex, while longitudinal strain rate (LSR) is the rate of this shortening. Peak LSS and LSR were measured using the Q-Analysis add-on included in EchoPAC software.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The authors acknowledge  Pim-Bart Feijens  for his help with the animal experiments and  Rik Hendrickx  for his help during the Biv4. 40 nanobody purification and binding experiments. We thank  Prof. Paul Crocker  for the Sn-deficient mice and  Prof. Dirk Elewaut  and dr. Els Louagie  ( VIB-UGent ) for providing breeding pairs of Sn-deficient mice. Also thanks to  Prof. Hans Nauwynck  and dr. Inge Hoebeke (UGent)  for providing the anti-Sn Biv4. 40 Nb expression clone and to dr. Javier Moreno  and dr. Nieto Javier  ( WHO Collaborating Center for Leishmaniasis ) for providing a panel of recent clinical Leishmania strains.
The x-axis is the relative distance from the telomeres. The curves were obtained by interpolating a non-linear regression analysis using Prism and Graphad Software. Blue squares and blue line: wild type. Red circles and red line: axr1 -/-D: distances between two COs on the same chromatid. Distances are expressed in percentage of chromosome length. Chromatids with two and only two COs were selected. n = 181 in wild type; n = 336 in axr1 -/-. https://doi. org/10. 1371/journal. pgen. 1008894. g001 In conclusion, homologous chromosome pairing is dramatically reduced in both proximal and distal regions in axr1 -/-despite CO rates are increased in distal regions compared to wild type.
Genetic analyses The SAIL_904_E06 and the EGS344 lines which are both heterozygous for the axr1 mutations  [37]  were crossed to produce F1 hybrid lines. F1s were genotyped to select plants with heteroallelic axr1 -/-mutations or wild-type AXR1. Selected F1s were crossed as male to Col-0 to produce BC1 populations. BC1 populations were grown for three weeks and leaf material was collected from rosettes. DNA extraction from 348 plants (BC1 axr1 -/-progeny) and 172 plants (BC1 wildtype progeny) was performed as described in  [58]. Genotyping was performed using the KAS-PAR technology at Plateforme Gentyane, INRA, Clermont-Ferrand, France. The 96 KASPAR markers used in this analysis (S1 Table ) are described in  [38, 59]. They are uniformly distributed on the physical map. Genotyping data were analyzed with Fluigdim software (www.
Excitation wavelength for DAPI was 405 nm and emission was collected from 424 to 480 nm. For Alexa 568, the excitation wavelength was 561 nm and emission was collected from 581 to 627 nm. For Alexa 488, the excitation wavelength was 488 nm and emission was collected from 501 to 548 nm. For Alexa 647, the excitation wavelength was 633 nm and emission was collected from 650 to 695 nm. For Alexa 647 and 488 hybrid detectors were used. Images were processed using the 3D-deconvolution module of Leica LAS X Life Science Microscope Software for Life Science LASX. FISH on intact meiocytes was performed as described in  [41]. The following probes were used: pTAt4 (telomeres)  [62] , T4P13 and T5J17 (distal regions of chromosomes 3 and 4, respectively, TAIR accessions 3601011 and 3601530, respectively, Fig  1B ), K16N2 and F25E4 (proximal regions of chromosomes 3 and 4, respectively, TAIR accessions 1584 and 3601413, respectively, Fig  1B ).
0001). DMRs closer than 50 bp were merged. To define hypo-or hyper-DMRs, we applied an additional cutoff to keep DMRs with at least a 10% change in methylation ratio for CHHs, 20% for CHGs and 30% for CGs. The BS-seq data  [69]  used to compare axr1 -/-DMRs with met1 -/-, cmt3 -/-, kyp -/-, pol iv -/-or cmt2 -/-DMRs are available from the GEO database under the accession number GSE39901. Male meiocytes of prophase I were isolated as described  [31]. Meiocyte bisulfite sequencing libraries were prepared as described  [43]. Reads were processed as for somatic cells except that the-non_directional option was used with bismark.
Error bars: 95 % confidence intervals (CI). C: CO rates from centromeres to telomeres. The x-axis is the relative distance from the telomeres. The curves were obtained by interpolating a non-linear regression analysis using Prism and Graphad Software. Blue squares and blue line: wild type. Red circles and red line: axr1 -/-D: distances between two COs on the same chromatid. Distances are expressed in percentage of chromosome length. Chromatids with two and only two COs were selected. n = 181 in wild type; n = 336 in axr1 -/-.
This work was supported by the  Department of Biology and Amelioration des Plantes  of the incitatif [BAP2013_4_ANACOVA] and  LabEx Saclay Plant Sciences, [SPS-Research Open Call   2014_CHROMAREC ]. The Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin benefits from the support of the  LabEx Saclay Plant Sciences  [Project  10-LABX-0040-SPS]. Wenjing She ,  Jincheng Long  and  Xiaoqi Feng  are supported by a  BBSRC   Responsive Mode grant  [ BB/S009620/1 ;  Wenjing She  and  Xiaoqi Feng ] and a  European Research Council   Starting grant  [SexMeth;  Jincheng Long  and  Xiaoqi Feng ] and a  BBSRC   Institute Strategic Programme  [GEN;  BB/P013511/1 ;  Xiaoqi Feng ]. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
Two-Line Elements (TLEs) issued by the space-track catalog are still the most extensive public data source for space debris tracking to date. However, TLEs accuracy at epoch is typically larger than 1 km in Low Earth Orbit (LEO) and 3 km in Medium Earth Orbit (MEO). Therefore, TLEs are too coarse to enable collision avoidance maneuvers. The present work aims at correcting TLEs orbits at epoch to enable operational conjunction assessment and help satellite operators better protect their assets at moderate cost. Using only Moon-Earth and Sun-Earth distance time series, as well as 2018 TLE data for 14 GPS satellites and SGP4 propagation over a short period, we were able to correct the TLEs of the 29 operational GPS satellites by 65% on average for year 2019, reducing the 3D RMS error at epoch from 2.
Introduction Since the Iridium 33/Cosmos 2251 collision of January 2009, the JSpOC (US Air Force) has been sending conjunction data messages (CDMs) to satellite operators when a collision probability greater than typically 10 -4 is identified. The JSpOC maintains the most extensive Earth-orbit objects catalog ("Space-Track"), tracking about 23,000 objects larger than 10 cm, based on optical and RADAR observations made by a network of 25 sites worldwide. Among these objects, 18,000 are in LEO and 5% only are active satellites. However, the Space-Track catalog does not provide accuracy and covariance information along with TLEs. Precise orbits data is publicly available for some satellites, allowing for TLE error assessment. As an example, TLE 3D root mean square (RMS) error on Sentinel-1A, orbiting in LEO, is approximately 1 km, while the error on the MEO GPS satellites averages 3 km.