dataesr/scientific-paragraphs-categorization huggingface dataset:
The French data were entirely transcribed using the CHAT format with the software CLAN  (MacWhinney, 2000). The parents of the children signed a consent form and allowed us to transcribe and analyze the recordings, show them at conferences, and cite and show pictures of their interactions in academic papers. For the present study, I analyzed videos of the four children every six months. The home data is composed of 36 hours of videos, and SBR activities correspond to five hours of the overall data. In Madeleine's, Anaé's, and Scarlett's data, SBR context represents about 25% of the overall data. In Ellie's corpus the percentage is lower, with 6% of the time being devoted to reading books with a parent. Yet, Ellie and her mother engaged more often than the three other dyads in other types of activities, like cooking, that take time to develop.
Acquiring intersubjectivity When they use a book, children and their parents focus on fictitious characters and their experience of the world. In adult-child data collected in the participants' homes, the center of attention and of the interaction was mostly the child. In the context of SBR activities, a shift occurred, and the characters of the story became the focus of attention. Children's books frequently address situations children experience in their everyday life, like refusing to eat, going to their grandparents', and going to nursery school. In this perspective, book-reading activities may help children learn to understand their own experience of the world through the characters in a book. The activity itself yields talk about others by using thirdperson pronouns and mobilizing verb endings that concord with these pronouns.
For preservice teachers, developing explicit multimodal teaching practices could probably enhance their pupils' comprehension and learning in a foreign language. Peng (2019)  showed that L2 teachers who exploit the potential of multimodal pedagogies promote students' motivation and willingness to participate in class. Tellier and Yerian (2018)  suggested that prospective teachers be trained in gesture studies and the multimodal nature of language as part of their professional training. Learning to analyze video data of various types of human interaction ranging from home data with adult-child dyadic interactions to teacher-student interactions in class would probably help teachers develop a set of L2 pedagogic gestures. There exist numerous typologies of gestures, but one goal of a research-based training design for kindergarten teachers in multimodality could consist in showing that gestures can be used in isolation or in coordination with speech and can perform a wide range of sociopragmatic functions.
She fully embodies the narrative, uses drama, and changes her voice to catch the children's attention. In the sequence, all children are engaged in the narrative and 5. This sequence comes from a classroom dataset collected as part of the IMAAJEE Project (Beaupoil-Hourdel, 2019), whose goal is to investigate the role of embodied cognition in second-language-learning kindergartners in France. The IMAAJEE corpus is still being collected and is currently composed of 17 hours of video data showing an experienced teacher teaching English to 27 pupils and seven preservice teachers who have accepted as part of their training education to take turns and teach English to the pupils one morning a week over a period of five weeks. contribute to the story with words and embodiment. The teacher tells the same story as the one written in the book, but she recontextualizes it differently, as she uses flashcards and a puppet to tell the story.
Courses on gestural modality and on how gestures contribute to meaning-making in interaction could be implemented. This study also invites reconsideration of what learning a language means for beginners. L2 teaching should be contextualized, relying on activities that make sense to pupils. Moreover, learning a new language for young children raises the question of how this learning should be assessed, since comprehension activities should prevail over production activities. The home data may have implications for pedagogy in the sense that the analysis shows that before being able to speak a language, learners need to play with the language itself. Playing with words, prosodic patterns, and the sound of some phonemes is part of the language learning process -and should be implemented in L2 training programs in higher education.
More and more researchers have advocated for multidisciplinary training designs in higher education to help L2 teachers thrive in school environments. Research in prosody has claimed that building L2 learning activities into music or drama sessions might help pupils acquire the prosodic structure of some sentences and enter into a new foreign language. While the chapter highlights the crucial role of the parent or the teacher in the data when it comes to sparking language learning in young children, it also shows that multimodality is a medium for children to index meaning and express themselves. Training programs in pedagogy should therefore focus on the intricate relationship between interaction and multimodality in L2 teaching activities. My general objective in this chapter was to show that research in first language acquisition should not be completely separated from the field of second language acquisition.
I am aware that telecollaborations are based on mutual exchanges, but within the limits of this chapter, only data from the Cnam students are analysed. In addition to being the designer of the course, I was also the tutor trainer and researcher who collected and analysed the data. The immersion of the researcher in the context in order to understand the actors is a strength of this study. So is my ability to distance myself from the analysis  (Groulx, 1999). The researcher involved in action research is aware of the necessity for distancing and can observe an empathic neutrality  (Patton, 1990).
Data collection The approach is qualitative: the research is designed to come as close as possible to an accurate understanding of autonomisation and of learning processes made possible by the course design. It also aims, with an interpretative perspective, to ensure that the experimentation is understandable by taking into account meanings given by the actors (the students;  Paquay, 2006). Data obtained during the course (logbooks, learner-teacher Sessions 2 and 3, the last reflexive collective workshop, exchanges on the Facebook page) and data generated for the purpose of the study (an anonymous questionnaire at the end of the training, an anonymous questionnaire administered four months post training) were used. I worked from: • logbooks (8); • transcriptions of learner-teacher scaffolding exchange Sessions 2 and 3 (16) • anonymous Questionnaire 1, given at the end of the course (eight responses), • transcriptions of the last reflexive collective workshop discussions; and • anonymous Questionnaire 2, given four months after the end of the course asking students about their feeling of personal effectiveness in learning languages after this experience, their practice of self-directed learning, tandems, and Russian social networks (seven responses).
20) , their ability to monitor their emotions and others' emotions (O'Leary, 2014, p. 20), how they empathised with others, their ability to cooperate with others and solve conflicts in a constructive way  (Kohonen, 1992, p. 19) , how they lowered their anxiety, and how they self-encouraged  (Oxford, 1990, p. 21). The anonymous questionnaire administered following the training period provided information on: • self-efficacy belief 2 ; and • self-directed learning with teletandems. In order to understand the learning potential (as regards language skills, cultural knowledge, intercultural awareness, and interpersonal skills), data from the following were explored: • logbooks; 2. Questionnaires 1 and 2 are given in supplementary materials, Appendix 1. • scaffolding exchange sessions: analyses of students' ability to read, stress syllables and reduce nonstressed syllables, very basically communicate, and demonstrate cultural and intercultural awareness, as well as the relationships they built and the network they developed or did not develop; • Questionnaire 1 at the end of the course: impressions on the different components of the course, learning; and • Questionnaire 2, given four months after the end of the course, also provides information about interpersonal skills (are you still in contact with your tandem partner? If so, have you already met your tandem partner)? Some results are discussed in the following section in relation to the research questions.
Acknowledgements We thank the editorial team at Research-publishing. net for their interest in this book. We are particularly grateful to  Sylvie Thouësny  for her support and timely guidance in the editorial process. We also extend our thanks to the  Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers , the  FoAP (Formation et Apprentissages Professionnels ,  EA 7529 ) research unit, the Acknowledgments I thank  Aliyah Morgenstern  and  Marie Collombel  for their contribution to the analyses of parent-child interactions during SBR activities at home. I am most.
INSPIRE will provide clinical, biological and technological resources for research and development on aging. The resources will be open to both academic and industry worlds in order to promote healthy aging and prevent dependency. It is a public-private initiative that brings together internationally recognized experts from basic and translational science (in particular, in the fields of immunology, metabolism, neurosciences and mesenchymal stem/stroma cells), clinical gerontology (i. e. , researchers, but also physicians and nurses involved in clinical care), primary care and public health  (8). One of the main challenges of INSPIRE is to identify markers capable of determining biological aging with the implementation of human and animal cohorts. The INSPIRE Human Translational Cohort (INSPIRE-T cohort) will recruit about 1000 individuals of several chronological ages (from 20 years to 100+) and functional capacity levels (from robust to frail, and even disabled) with baseline and follow-up biological, clinical, imaging and digital data over 10 years.
Study design The INSPIRE-T cohort, started in October 2019, is a 10-year observational study. The study population will consist of 1000 subjects recruited in the city of Toulouse and surrounding areas, South-Western France, and covering the age range of 20 years and over (no upper limit for age). Several follow-up visits will be regularly scheduled during the 10-year period of this study. Additional visits will be conditioned by the remote monitoring of IC and the onset of other major clinical conditions. At baseline, and then once a year, diversified data (clinical, digital, imaging) and biospecimens (blood, urine, saliva and dental plaques) are collected following standardized procedures. Data collection is performed in the Clinical Research Center (CRC) of the Gerontopole -CHU Toulouse.
It can also be performed in participants' home (for more frail and disabled volunteers), or in selected Gerontopole's collaborating centers by a mobile research team trained by the CRC. Participants are assessed by appropriately trained clinical research members. Between yearly waves of data collection, participants are asked to record major clinical information, including adverse events (e. g. new diagnosis, SARS COV-2 diagnosis, influenza, fracture…), medical consultations, hospitalizations, and changes in the drug prescription every 4-months. They also have the six IC domains monitored (with or without the help of a caregiver) (ICOPE program Step 1) (4,7) in either the application developed in collaboration with WHO (ICOPE Monitor app) or a web platform; or through a phone call by a Gerontopole's trained research nurse.
When declines are detected in the ICOPE Step 1, a phone call is organized by the research nurse within one week to confirm this decline and to investigate the causes in collaboration with the medical research team. Once an IC decline is confirmed, participants have a thorough clinical assessment following the recommendations of the ICOPE Step 2 (4,7) and blood sampling (data are collected by research nurses in a home visit or at the research facility). Such information will enable us to investigate the response of some markers of aging at the time declines are detected. The clinical assessments and biomarkers' exploration also allow us to propose a personalized prevention care plan to maintain function according to the recommendations from the WHO ICOPE program for usual care (ICOPE Step 3) (4,7).
Participants are trained to monitor their IC during the baseline visit by the Gerontopole' research team. The remote monitoring of IC will last the whole length of this research study, i. e. , up to ten years. The figure  1  shows schematically the study procedures over one year. Table  1  describes the study flow chart with all data collected at each time point during the follow-up. To ensure quality of data collected, standard operating procedures are implemented covering subject's recruitment, biobanking, remote monitoring of IC, clinical assessments and digital data collection. All data are collected in the INSPIRE-T database. Preventive strategies to limit errors like miscoding, missing values, are applied before data entry to ensure the validity and quality of the performed data analysis.
Objectives The main objective of the INSPIRE-T cohort is the appropriate data collection of key variables and biospecimens for at least 1000 people at baseline and 800 people with at least four years of follow-up (i. e. four yearly post-baseline assessments) over the 10-year study. The key variables are clinical data on all six IC domains (locomotion, cognition, vision, hearing, vitality/nutrition, psychological status), and the collection of blood, urine, saliva and dental plaque samples. Secondary objectives include: i/the identification of (a set of) biomarkers of aging through the constitution of a comprehensive biobank; ii/the assessment of the feasibility and acceptability of the ICOPE Monitor app used to measure and monitor intrinsic capacity; iii/ the study of the evolution of IC domains over time and its association with health outcomes; and finally, iv/ the study of the correlation between digital biomarkers to biological/imaging biomarkers and IC domains (Figure  1 , online consultation).
Data collection From all subjects enrolled, investigations include data collection at baseline and during follow-up visits (annual visits and additional visits planed in case of decline in IC). Upon written informed consent, the following set of information is obtained by using a standardized questionnaire:  Other examinations are proposed to a limited number of participants (all age ranges and functional status) in a volunteer basis: Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) for body composition assessment; Whole body and brain magnetic resonance (MRI); cardiorespiratory fitness (maximum oxygen consumption (V02 max) with blood sampling before and after the effort, and maximal aerobic power), and isokinetic muscle strength. These examinations are proposed annually for the DXA and, every two years for the other tests (MRI, VO2 max, Isokinetic muscle strength).
All freezers are equipped with an alarm system. Equipments are monitored three times per day. Every failure is reported in the Kalilab software as non-compliance statements. All the participants will be tested for SARS COV-2 infection via serological tests from blood collection when these latter will be available. All biological samples are processed within 110 min following a protocol elaborated for INSPIRE purpose and split into smaller aliquots at the INSPIRE-T biobank (Figures  2 &3 ,.
Statistical methods Since the primary outcome measure of the INSPIRE-T cohort is related to reaching prespecified numbers for recruitment and retention, we will use numbers and percentages. Hypothesis-testing statistics will be employed for some of the secondary outcome measures and the new hypothesis arising through the 10 year duration of the INSPIRE program. Specific statistical analysis plan (SAP) will be written to answer each research question. Big data methods of analysis will be considered when examining the large and diversified amount of data that will be gathered from clinical and paraclinical evaluations, biospecimens, and digital assessments. Significance will be set at p ≤ 0. 05. Analyses will be performed using Stata (v14, StataCorp), SAS (v9. 4, Cary, NC, USA), and R (v3. 5.
Ethical and regulatory considerations The INSPIRE-T cohort is carried out in accordance with the declaration of Helsinki, which is the accepted basis for clinical study ethics, and must be fully followed and respected by all engaged in research on human beings. The INSPIRE-T cohort protocol has been approved by the French Ethical Committee located in Rennes (CPP Ouest V) in October 2019. This research has been registered on the site http://clinicaltrials. gov (ID NCT04224038).
Perspectives The INSPIRE-T cohort will gather clinical, biological (including imaging), and digital data for subjects of several chronological ages and functional capacity status regularly followed over up to 10 years. One of the most innovative aspects of the INSPIRE-T cohort is that, through a close monitoring of participants with the ICOPE Monitor app, we will obtain clinical and biological data at the moment declines in IC come up. The cohort will provide us the needed resources to improve our understanding of the biological mechanisms of aging and the natural history of loss of IC leading to dependency during aging. By following and monitoring the IC of participants over time, this study will provide information about a new, function-centered healthcare pathway, which would agree with WHO recommendations for an integrated care for older people.
At the medium term, this data may inform the development of a pragmatically interventional study testing the effects of this new healthcare pathway on clinical outcomes in older people; this healthcare pathway may be integrated in daily practice in healthcare systems, becoming thus the usual care. Innovative digital solutions (including sensors) proposed in the INSPIRE-T cohort are a promising way to remotely collect and analyze real-life and continuous health related data and thus longitudinal trajectories over time. It makes it possible to detect subtle variation in the IC before a clinical event. The INSPIRE-T cohort will also perform relevant and extensive bio banking to allow basic and translational research in humans in the field of Geroscience and Healthy Aging. The INSPIRE-T biobank might lead to improving our understanding about molecular and physiological mechanisms involved in healthy aging, interacting with changes linked to specific chronic diseases.
Acknowledgments: The  Inspire Program  is supported by grants from the  Region Occitanie/Pyrénées-Méditerranée  (Reference number: 1901175), the  European Regional Development Fund (ERDF)  (Project number:  MP0022856 ),  MSD Avenir  and the Inspire Chairs of Excellence funded by: Alzheimer Prevention in Occitania and Catalonia (APOC), EDENIS, KORIAN,  Pfizer ,  Pierre-Fabre.
Background. Clinical decision tools that have been proposed to predict the clinical course of patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19 are poorly presented and are at high risk of selection bias. The aim of the study was to propose a prediction clinical tool to predict an unfavourable outcome at the admission of a SARS-CoV2 infected patient that was carefully developed using a large learning database and that was developed from models derived from arti cial intelligence. Methods. The PREDICT-COVID study is a post hoc analysis of the Noso-Cor study, a multicenter prospective, observational study. All patients infected by SARS-CoV2 hospitalized in one of the 11 Lyon-University hospitals since 8-March-2020 have been included. The PREDICT-COVID database was split in two separate datasets: the learning dataset (80%) was used for the development of the model and the validation dataset (20%) for internal validation.
The primary composite outcome was the need for mechanical ventilation or admission into an intensive care unit, or death within 21 days of admission. Results. Data from 823 patients were analysed: age 70. 6±16•9 years; body mass index 26. 7±5•4 kg/m 2 and median number of comorbidities was 2. Out of the 44 recorded variables, 11 that were the most linked to the primary outcome criteria were retained to develop the optimised risk prediction tool. At admission the 5 most informative predictors were, in descending order: C-Reactive Protein, neutrophil-tolymphocyte ratio, aspartate transaminase, shortness of breath, and prothrombin time. The ten-fold cross validation of the optimised model had an area under the ROC curve of 0. 76±0. 06. The performance of the developed Bayesian model to predict the primary outcome of the validation dataset had a mean area under the ROC curve of 0.
78, sensitivity of 60%, and speci city of 77%. Conclusions. The proposed optimised prediction tool that uses 11 routinely determined variables to predict an unfavourable course at admission for COVID-19 had satisfactory performance. For an external validation, the PREDICT-COVID prediction tool is available online at: https://www. hed. cc/? a=covid&n=NETCRIT21J. neta Trial registration: The Noso-Cor study was registered on ClinicalTrials (NCT04290780). The present analysis was registered on ClinicalTrials (NCT04412031) the June 2, 2020.
Materials And Methods This is a post hoc analysis of the Noso-Cor study  [14] , that is an international multicenter prospective, observational, hospital-based study in adults and children. The data were restricted to patients hospitalised at one of the 11 Lyon University hospitals. Demographic and clinical data were collected using speci cally designed case report forms. An internal monitoring was implemented to detect transcription errors. The Noso-Cor study included all patients with a cough and/or fever greater than 37. 8 °C at admission for whom SARS-Cov-2 infection was con rmed by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) from a nasopharyngeal swab. The Noso-Cor study was approved by the ethics committee of Ile de France V on March 8, 2020 (Comité de Protection des Personnes Ile de France 5).
Under French law, patients received a written information form and gave their oral consent to the use of their anonymised data for research purposes. The trial was registered on ClinicalTrials (NCT04290780). The study, which started the March 8, 2020, is still on-going. The present analysis that considered data of patients with a positive SARS-Cov-2 RT-PCR was also registered on ClinicalTrials (NCT04412031) the June 2, 2020.
Database Anonymised data for patients who were tested positive for Sars-Cov2 and hospitalised in one of the thirteen hospitals of the Hospices Civils de Lyon (Lyon, France) were extracted from the Noso-Cor database REF 16 on May 20, 2020. The data extracted concerned the following. Clinical course of the patient during the 21 days following admission: date of symptoms onset, date of admission to the hospital, date of admission to ICU, as well as vital status at 7, 15, and 21 days. Patient characteristics at admission: age, sex, body mass index (BMI), smoking status, alcoholism, and whether or not they were a healthcare professional. Clinical signs at admission: temperature, cough, fatigue, irritability, abnormal lung auscultation, shortness of breath, pain, myalgia, nausea, runny nose, headache, ageusia, anosmia, diarrhoea, nasopharyngeal discomfort, red eye, confusion, heart failure, sore throat, and coma.