dataesr/scientific-paragraphs-categorization huggingface dataset:
(11) Ten point mutations were investigated: F57L/I, S58R, T61M, S117T/N and I173F/L for pvdhfr, and S382A, C383G, K512M/T/E, A553G and V585G for pvdhps. PCR products were analysed by ethidium bromide-stained agarose-gel (2%) electrophoresis. DNA sequencing and SNPs detection -The 632 bp and 767 bp fragments generated by amplification of pvdhfr and pvdhps, respectively, were extracted and purified from gel using the Wizard® SV Gel and PCR Clean-Up System (Promega, Madison, WI, USA) commercial kits. Briefly, the amplified fragments were sequenced using BigDye Terminator cycle sequencing ready reaction version 3. 1 and ABI Prism DNA analyser 3730 (Applied Biosystems) at the Genomic Platform/PDTIS/Fiocruz. The direct DNA sequencing from PCR products were compared with the reference Sal I sequence of pvdhfr (GenBank X98123) and pvdhps (GenBank AY186730.
Material decomposition and quantitative measurements. Multi-bin photon-counting data were pre-processed, and a conventional CT image was derived from the summed information contained in all energy bins. In addition, after pileup correction, the multi-bin counting data were used to perform a maximum likelihood-based material decomposition into a water and iodine material basis  19, 20  in projection space. The material-decomposed projections have been reconstructed using FBP with a standard filter kernel and no post processing was done to further reduce image noise on FBP images. The iodine and virtual non-contrast images were averaged to a slice thickness of 1 mm after CT reconstruction. Region of interest analysis. First, a reference scan with the dilution series of tantalum was performed to calibrate the following measurements.
* Cardiac and vascular CKD-related abnormalities Scarce data are available concerning the potential beneficial impact of MRAs on CV outcomes among patients with CKD, either in dialysis or not. In patients with stage 2-3 CKD, the administration of spironolactone for 40 weeks was associated with a significant improvement of left ventricular hypertrophy and arterial stiffness  145  , as well as markers of regional LV systolic and diastolic function, relative to placebo. 146 In patients with stage 3-4 CKD (mean eGFR 36 +/-11 mL/min/1. 73m 2 ), the addition of eplerenone to standard medication did not improve pulse wave velocity after 24 weeks, but significantly attenuated pulse wave reflections (as measured by the Augmentation Index). 147 The increased pulse wave velocity observed in CKD is mainly related to higher arterial stiffness of larger conduit vessels.
Of course, the limited number of patients precludes drawing definitive conclusions and larger studies are needed to evaluate the effects of MRAs among patients with chronic heart failure in dialysis. Of note, from a clinical and methodological point of view, chronic heart failure may be difficult to define in dialysis because the ejection fraction is closely dependent on the dry weight  151. In hemodialysis, the recently published MIREnDa RCT (NCT01691053) did not reported a significant change in left ventricular mass index measured by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging with spironolactone administrated for 9 months (in press 10. 1016/j. kint. 2018. 11. 025). Moreover, the 6 months administration of spironolactone did not significantly change the diastolic function of patients in hemodialysis in the recent SPin-D RCT  152.
* Cardiovascular morbi-mortality among CKD/ESRD patients Regarding CV morbi-mortality, a meta-analysis of nine trials (829 patients) published between 2005 and 2015 on patients undergoing dialysis demonstrated a decreased risk of CV mortality (RR 0. 34 (95% CI, 0. 15-0. 75)) for MRA-treated patients relative to controls. 153 Nevertheless, the trials included a limited number of patients and the conclusions are still uncertain. A large multicenter RCT is currently being conducted among patients on hemodialysis (ALCHEMIST: NCT01848639) to assess the efficacy of spironolactone in reducing CV-associated morbidity and mortality. In CKD, a RCT aiming to enroll a total of 6,400 patients with DN is ongoing to assess the effect of finerenone on the occurrence of CV outcomes (FIGARO NCT02545049). The primary outcome is time to the first occurrence of the composite endpoint of CV death and non-fatal CV events (myocardial infarction, stroke, or hospitalization for heart failure).
*Limiting IRI-induced chronic kidney dysfunction after KT We are currently conducting a multicenter RCT to assess the impact of short-term administration of eplerenone (immediately before and four days after KT) on three-month renal graft function in patients receiving a graft from an expanded-criteria donor (EPURE: NCT02490904)  157. We plan to randomize 132 patients. The graft GFR is assessed at three months by measuring iohexol clearance. Secondary outcomes include the occurrence of delayed graft function and immediate or slow graft recovery, as well as the occurrence of hyperkalemia.
*Limiting cyclosporine-induced nephropathy A recent RCT with eplerenone reported promising results in limiting the progression of biopsy-proven chronic graft nephropathy in children. 158 A RCT (SPIREN trial NCT01602861) is currently being conducted to evaluate the impact of the administration of spironolactone for three years among 170 prevalent kidney transplant patients. The primary endpoint is GFR measured by chrome-EDTA clearance. Secondary outcomes are proteinuria, the amount of interstitial fibrosis in graft biopsies, and cardiovascular events. 159.
* Coronary angiography/contrast-induced nephropathy In the RCT "Effect of Spironolactone on Acute Kidney Injury in Patients Undergoing Coronary Angiography (NCT03329443),  162  patients will receive either spironolactone 200 mg single dose or placebo in addition to their usual premedication. The primary end point will be CIN, defined as a more than 25% or 0. 3mg/dl elevation in the level of serum creatinine from baseline during the first two to three days after the procedure.
* Risk of hyperkalemia in patients on dialysis In the meta-analysis of nine trials (829 patients) published between 2005 and 2015  153  , the RR for hyperkalemia among patients in dialysis for MRA treatment was 3. 05 (95% CI, 1. 21-7. 70). However, the broad range of spironolactone doses used in the included studies (from 25 mg every other day to 50 mg twice a day) and the varying threshold of baseline serum potassium levels as exclusion criteria make it difficult to draw definitive conclusions concerning the safety of MRA for patients on dialysis. The ongoing ALCHEMIST RCT (NCT01848639) will be highly informative concerning the safety   174  Mild hyperkalemia (> 5 mmol/L) was reported in less than 25% of patients and only one patient experienced moderate hyperkalemia, defined as serum potassium > 5.
ongoing trial "Usefulness of Spironolactone for the Prevention of Acute Kidney Injury in Critically Ill Patients with Invasive Mechanical Ventilation (NCT03206658)" was designed to evaluate the effect of spironolactone administration on the incidence and severity of AKI in critically ill patients with invasive mechanical ventilation in the critical care unit. Patients receive the medication during the first five days of stay in the critical care unit. The primary outcome is the level of urinary biomarkers of AKI (concentrations of NGAL, KIM-1, oxidative stress, and Hsp72 in urine). The "Spironolactone Administration to Prevent Ischemic Kidney Injury in Critically Ill Cancer Patients (SPIROCAN) (NCT02531412)" study aims to evaluate the impact of short-term spironolactone administration on the prevention of AKI among patients admitted to the intensive care unit in the immediate postoperative period (first 24 hours) following major surgery.
Acknowledgements This work was supported by grants from the  Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale , the  Centre de Recherche Industrielle et Technique , the  Agence Nationale de la Recherche  ( ANR-16-CE14-0021-01 ), the  Fight-HF Avenir investment program  ( ANR-15-RHUS-0004 ), the  French Medical Research Foundation  ( DEQ20160334885 ), the  FP7funded COST ADMIRE network  ( BM1301 ), the  National Autonomous University of Mexico -DGAPA -PAPIIT  ( IA200117  and  IN202919  to JBC), a public grant overseen by the  French National Research Agency (ANR)  as part of the second " Investissements d'Avenir" program  (reference:  ANR-15-RHU-0004 ), and  GEENAGE Impact Lorraine Université d' Excellence -reference  ANR-15-IDEX-04-LUE ).
73 m 2 and serum potassium <5. 0 mmol/l. In patients with CKD, the incidence of potassium >5. 5 mmol/l in patients receiving eplerenone increased in comparison to placebo (16. 6% versus 9. 3%, p=0. 002). There was no increase in the proportion of patients with a serum potassium >6. 0 mmol/l (1. 9% vs 3. 3%, p=0. 29 for the comparison between the CKD). A large recent Swedish registry trial reported that among patients with myocardial infarction and heart failure 143 (Swedish myocardial infarction registry, SWEDEHEART, 2005-2014), MRAs were under prescribed at discharge (only 9. 9%), in particular among NCT02540993). Clinical data: Improvement of CV outcomes by MRAs in CKD/ESRD patients included in the international guidelines of treatment of heart failure 140. MRAs possibly have patients with eGFR<60mL/min (8.
SAMPLE AND KINEMATICS Our sample consists of six galaxies identified as H ibearing UDGs by  Leisman et al. (2017). They have M HI ∼ 10 9 M and are relatively isolated, by requiring that any neighbor with measured redshift within ±500 km s -1 should be at least at 350 kpc away in projection. Moreover, they have R e > 2 kpc, to ease optical follow-up. Our observations were obtained with two interferometers: the data for AGC 122966 and AGC 334315 come from the Westerbork Synthesis Radio Telescope (program R13B/001; PI Adams) and the rest from the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array (programs 14B-243 and 17A-210; PI Leisman). The observations and data reduction procedure are described in  Leisman et al. (2017)  and more details will be given in  Gault et al. (in prep. ). Three more galaxies for which we have data are excluded from this analysis.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION In Figure  3  we present the circular velocity-baryonic mass plane for our H i-rich UDGs, compared with galaxies from the SPARC  (Lelli et al. 2016b) , SHIELD  (Mc-Nichols et al. 2016 ) and LITTLE THINGS  (Iorio et al. 2017)  samples. Clearly, all the UDGs studied here lie significantly above the BTFR. Our galaxies rotate about 3 times lower than galaxies with comparable M bar and effective radius (but higher surface brightness). Alternatively, they have about 10-100 times the M bar of galaxies with similar V circ (but smaller effective radius and higher surface brightness, on average). These low velocities are consistent with the 3 Version 1. 0. 2, http://github. com/kyleaoman/martini observations by  Leisman et al. (2017)  and Janowiecki et al. (  2019 ) of H i-rich UDGs having narrower W 50 than galaxies of similar H i mass.
On multivariable analysis, AKI was associated with increased ARDS mortality whereas BMI was associated with decreased mortality Anzueto et al. (2011) [7] Prospective multicenter International To describe the influence of BMI on clinical outcomes in a large cohort of mechanically ventilated patients Incidence of ARDS, ICU and hospital mortality 4968 adult patients who received mechanical ventilation for more than 12 h 2004 After adjustment, the BMI was significantly associated with the development of ARDS. No differences in outcomes (duration of mechanical ventilation, LOS or ICU/hospital mortality O'Brien et al. O'Brien et al. Morris et al. Gong et al. Stapleton et al. (2004) [18] (2006) [9] (2007) [19] (2010) [6] (2010) [20] Type Prospective Retrospective Prospective Prospective Retrospective of study multicenter multicenter multicenter multicenter multicenter Country USA USA USA USA USA Purpose To examine To describe the influence To clarify the To determine To assess if cytokine the association between of admission BMI on relationship if BMI and obesity response might be excess BMI and outcome outcome of critical illness between BMI are associated with attenuated in patients in mechanically ventilated in mechanically ventilated and ICU development of ARDS who are obese and critically ARDS patients ARDS patients outcomes, and mortality in ARDS ill or if obesity might modify particularly in the relationship between patients with plasma cytokines and ARDS clinical outcomes in ARDS Main Mortality at 28 days Hospital mortality Mortality, Development of Plasma cytokine levels endpoints hospital LOS, ARDS and all-cause ICU LOS 60-day mortality Included 902 mechanically 1488 mechanically ventilated 825 1795 patients 1409 mechanically ventilated patients ventilated patients adults with ARDS included in mechanically patients with ARDS with ARDS the Project IMPACT database ventilated patients with ARDS Period of 1996-1999 1995-2001 1999-2000 1999-2007 1996-2002 inclusion Main After risk adjustment, BMI was independently No ICU BMI was associated Obese patients with ALI result excess BMI was not associated with hospital mortality with ARDS on had lower levels of several associated with death mortality (p < 0.
A Living Atlas is an informatics infrastructure that aggregates biodiversity data from multiple sources and makes it freely available and usable online. It is based on the Atlas of Living Australia platform and has been adopted since 2014 by numerous GBIF Nodes and other organizations to support integrated access and use of their national biological and environmental information. Its implementation at national level has been justified by the need to provide data services tailored to the specific needs of national users and communities at a level of detail not offered in international portals. As all these countries and organizations share the same technology to make biodiversity data available, it makes perfect sense to synchronize efforts in producing documentation that can be useful for all of them.
1. 9. B. Place de la compression élastique L'essai thérapeutique en double aveugle SOX a retrouvé que la compression élastique, par rapport à une compression placebo ne permettait ni de réduire la douleur ni de prévenir le syndrome post-thrombotique en cas de TVP proximale  (61, 111). Cependant les résultats de cette étude sont débattus du fait d'un défaut d'observance et d'une évaluation peut-être trop tardive de la douleur (J15). D'autres études devraient permettre de mieux préciser les bénéfices éventuels de la compression élastique, notamment l'étude CELEST (Enregistrement Clinical Trial NCT01578122). Compte tenu de l'innocuité de la compression élastique et de ses potentiels effets bénéfiques sur l'oedème et la douleur, il nous semble licite de prescrire une compression élastique en phase aiguë chez le patient symptomatique.
We devote §4 to the study of this problem. 2. 2. An example. Consider the quartic surface X ⊂ P 3 defined by the polynomial (2. 5) f = 3x 3 z -2x 2 y 2 + xz 3 -8y 4 -8w 4. As described above, we may compute a 1 × 22 matrix of periods to arbitrary precision. In this example, the differential equations that arise are of order 5 with polynomial coefficients of degree at most 59. On a laptop, the determination of this differential equation takes about two seconds and it takes 30 seconds to integrate it to 100 digits of accuracy, with rigorous error bounds. All of this can be done with the command PeriodHomotopy([f]) using the package period-suite written for Magma  [6]  and utilizing ore algebra-analytic  [45]. Applying the LLL algorithm to these approximate periods of X gives a basis of integer relations between the approximate periods.
We will thus select relations whose behavior significantly differs from the expected behavior of noise. The reconstruction of integer relations between real numbers is a well known application of the Lenstra-Lenstra-Lovász lattice basis reduction algorithm  [42, p. 525] , see also  [9, 11]. There are many other algorithms for the problem of computing integer relations, in particular the HJLS  [33]  and PSLQ  [25, 4, 24]  families and the first successful algorithm by Ferguson and Forcade  [26]. A strong point in favor of the folklore LLL approach is that efficient LLL implementations are available in most computer algebra systems. To the best of our knowledge, existing work do not address the problem of computing the full lattice of integer relations (not just one) between real vectors (not just real numbers) given by approximations (not assuming exact data and exact arithmetic).
We documented the Picard groups of 2790 quartic surfaces defined by sparse polynomials. For these computations, setting up the initial value problem for the periods was not the limiting factor but rather the numerical solution of these initial value problems took the greatest amount of time. With our current methods, the periods of a quartic surface defined by dense polynomials can not be computed in a reasonable amount of time, say, less than a day. The database presented here relies on a systematic exploration of quartics that are defined by a sum of at most six monomials in x, y, z, w with coefficients 0 or 1. We built a graph whose vertices store the defining polynomials and an edge between two polynomial is constructed if the difference of the two polynomials is supported on at most two monomials (this is done to ease the computations).
Then, for each edge, we setup and attempt to solve the initial value problem defining the transition matrix from one set of periods onto the other, using 300 decimal digits of precision, see  [57]  for details. Computation is stopped if it takes longer than an hour and the edge deleted. Having explicit formulas for the periods of Fermat surface x 4 + y 4 + z 4 + w 4 = 0 , we can compute the periods of any vertex in the connected component of x 4 + y 4 + z 4 + w 4 in the resulting graph by simply multiplying the transition matrices of each edge along a path. For each of the 2790 polynomials in our database, we computed the Picard group, the polarization, the intersection product, the endomorphism ring and the number of smooth  )), a cyclotomic extension of Q of degree 6. Up to degree 10, the smooth rational curves inside X count as follows.
{-26x 4 -88x 3 y + 32y 3 z + 93z 3 w + 46w 4 = 0}. This surface has Picard number 1. (It is not part of the main dataset, we searched specifically for such a surface. ) Example 7. 4. {x 3 y + z 4 + y 3 w + zw 3 = 0}. This surface has Picard number 4. It contains exactly 4 lines that generate the Picard group and no other smooth rational curve of degree < 100. The endomorphism ring is Q(exp( 2πi 54 )), a cyclotomic extension of Q of degree 18.
Example 7. 3. 73 {-26x 4 -88x 3 y + 32y 3 z + 93z 3 w + 46w 4 = 0}. This surface has Picard number 1. (It is not part of the main dataset, we searched specifically for such a surface. ) Example 7. 4. {x 3 y + z 4 + y 3 w + zw 3 = 0}. This surface has Picard number 4. It contains exactly 4 lines that generate the Picard group and no other smooth rational curve of degree < 100. The endomorphism ring is Q(exp( 2πi 54 )), a cyclotomic extension of Q of degree 18.
Therefore, the obtaining of vigorous genotypes with higher tolerance to abiotic and biotic stresses has turned an increasingly important biotechnological target. At this scenario, PAs can play an important role, and genetic manipulation of crop plants with genes encoding PAs biosynthetic pathway enzymes is envisioned as a strategy to achieve plants with improved stress tolerance and symbiotic performance. In order to support legume crops yields and to understand their limitations, biological, physiological, and diverse omics studies have been carried out in the last 80 years. More recently, genomic tools (genome sequences, expressed sequence tags, oligonucleotide, and cDNA microarrays) have emerged, along with comprehensive databases such as the Legume Information System (http://www. comparative-legumes.
Predictions from transcriptomic data can be weighed with additional complementing technologies. For instance, in soybean, differentially regulated proteins were identified by integrated proteomics and metabolomics during hormone treatment presenting a supported model of altered flavonoid and isoflavonoid metabolism upon Et and ABA treatment  (Gupta et al. , 2018). Another interesting example of complementation of transcriptomics and metabolomics data in legumes was reported during phosphate deficiency in different plant organs (reviewed in  Abdelrahman et al. , 2018). It is interesting to point out that several of the databases used to assess legume data are restricted to model species, and there is a need to extend these resources to new crops, which are valuable tools to evaluate in-depth omics data  (Bagati et al.
INTRODUCTION The true prevalence of coronary chronic total occlusions (CTO) is unclear. Among patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) referred for coronary angiography (CA), 16% to 52% have CTO  [1] [2] [3] [4]. The prevalence of CTO in unselected populations in 3 recent multicenter retrospective studies was 11. 5% to 14. 7%  [2, 5, 6]. Limitations of these studies include the small number of participating centers, short study period, and absence of data collected after 2013. To date, only few studies have assessed the prevalence, and management of CTO in a large unselected population of patients undergoing scheduled heart catheterization in daily practice. Our first objective was to assess the prevalence, clinical characteristics, and management of CTO in stable unselected patients undergoing non-emergent CA.
METHODS The CARDIO-ARSIF registry was initiated in 2001 by the Regional Health Agency of the Greater Paris Area, a governmental agency, to record and monitor all coronary diagnostic and therapeutic procedures performed in 36 catheterization laboratories  (7 university, 12  general, 5 nonprofit private, and 12 for-profit private hospitals) of the greater Paris area, which has a population of about 12 million (19% of the population in France). Each procedure is entered prospectively into a computer database by the physician who performed the procedure. Multiple procedures in the same patient are entered separately. Recorded variables include demographics, pre-procedural clinical status and extensive procedural information. Participation in the registry is mandatory to obtain PCI certification.
Internal audits are performed on 10% of cases twice a year at each center. In addition, an independent external random audit of 3% of cases is performed every 6 months to check data completeness and accuracy. In accordance with French ethical requirements, the CARDIO-ARSIF registry was approved by the French data protection authority (Commission Nationale de l'Informatique et des Libertés, CNIL). CTO was included among the variables recorded in the CARDIO-ARSIF registry in January 2012. For the purpose of this study, we included all patients who underwent nonemergent CA between January 1, 2012, and December 31, 2015. Among them, we identified those with CTO, defined as 100% luminal diameter stenosis and absence of antegrade flow, known or assumed to have been present for more than 3 months.
During the study period, the CTO-PCI volume increased almost 3-fold. This finding probably reflects growing confidence in CTO-PCI and its benefits for patients  [6, 14]. Radiation exposure measured by the DAP and air Kerma decreased over the study period. These data are consistent with Cardio-ARSIF registry results in the overall population of PCI patients in the same geographic area  [15]. Overall, CTO-PCI volume did not correlate with the CTO-PCI procedural success rate, even after excluding centers performing less than 25 CTO-PCI procedures per year. The overall CTO-PCI procedural success rate was high in our population. As suggested above, this may reflect selection of relatively simple CTO cases for PCI. Thus, a double approach is generally required to treat complex CTO cases but was rarely used in our population.