dataesr/scientific-paragraphs-categorization huggingface dataset:
Acknowledgments We gratefully thank  M. Delage  and  D. Duval  ( CEA ) for providing access to the facility,  J. -B. Baugé ,  D. do Couto , and  P. Le Tutour  ( CEA, DES ) for their help in biofilm sampling and for water composition analysis,  J. Malardé  and  C. Branquet  ( CEA, DRF ) for the radioactivity control of the samples,  J. Martin-Laffon  for her help in bibliographic research, as well as  J. -C. Gaillard  and  G. Miotello  ( CEA, DRF ) for their help with tandem mass spectrometry calibration.
Funding Metaproteomic innovative developments undertaken by OP and JA are supported by the French National Agency for Research (Agence Nationale de la Recherche, grant ANR-20-CE34-0012) and the Région Occitanie (grant 21023526-DeepMicro). The Nuclear Toxicology Program of the CEA is greatly acknowledged for financial support (CEA, grant INFERNUS to CR and JA).
| Data sets The dataset used here comes from six experiments carried out between 2007 and 2009 at two sites in Benin (West Africa): AfricaRice Cotonou Station (6 25 0 N, 2 19 0 E, 23 m asl) and Glazoue (7 56 0 N, 2 15 0 E, 200 m asl). Both sites are located in the transition zone between forest and savannah. The climate is sub-equatorial with a bimodal rainfall pattern, mainly from March to July and from September to October. The soils used in this study are arenosols (FAO-ISRIC-ISSS, 1998) with good physical properties but low nutrient levels. The field trials consisted of 300-550 plants. All trials followed traditional planting systems used in West Africa. Small whole seed tubers from traditional farmers' planting material, weighing between 220 and 600 g, were planted in mounds without stakes at a density of 0.
This applies to a lesser degree to the theatrical artefacts involved in the performance practices, because dramatic texts and scores remain the same in their printed or written forms, and historical theatre sites continue to exist in the same form as in the past, even though they are subject to the tear and wear of time. Due to these different kinds of historicity, it can be difficult to connect performance practices to historical artefacts. However, historiographical discourses enable us to bridge the gaps, making performative encounters possible, as the interplay of historical artefacts and practices have the potential to enhance our understanding of the theatrical past. These were the questions we put to the panellists: • How can we preserve historic theatres as artefacts for the future and, at the same time, use them for today's performances? • What are the challenges of performing in historic theatres? • What kind of performances should historic theatres present? • What is best practice for exploring the theatrical past? • How should commercial, educational, and artistic interests relate to each other where historic theatres are concerned? • What can scholars and artists learn from performance in historical spaces? Carsten Jung presented the Perspectiv 1 database of historic theatres in Europe in which between 3,000 and 3,500 historic buildings are registered.
Acknowledgments 36. 'Chaque Comédien a fait d'un Turc, d'un Chinois, d'un Grec et d'un Romain un Etre de fantaisie, et l'a déguisé selon son caprice; dès lors les genres ont êté confondus et sacrifiés; les choses de convenances ont êté méprisés; les Peintres n'ont point été consultés; les Poëtes n'ont pu se faire écouter; les Autheurs anciens n'ont point été lus; mais les marchandes de modes ont supplée à tout'. Jean-Georges Noverre , Théorie et pratique de la Danse simple et Composée; de l'art des ballets; de la Musique; du Costume et des Décorations, 11 vols. (manuscript, 1766), 1: 223-224;  PL-Wu Zb. Król. 795. Translations from Noverre are mine, unless otherwise stated.
XP groups demonstrate different mutation burden and mutation profiles We assessed the Tumor Mutation Burden (TMB) and mutation profiles of skin cancer genomes from 5 sequenced XP groups and compared them with the three types of sporadic skin cancer including BCC, SCC and MEL (Fig. 1a ). The mean TMB of single base substitutions (SBS) was significantly higher in 3 XP groups: XP-E (350 mut/Mb, p = 0. 0241), XP-V (248 mut/Mb, P = 0. 0014) and XP-C skin cancers (162 mut/Mb, P = 0. 0220), than the dataset weighted average (130 mut/Mb, global P < 2. 2e-16; Kruskal-Wallis H test; Fig. 1a ). We also observed a strong difference in the TMB and the proportion of CC > TT double base substitutions (DBS) characteristic of UV-induced mutagenesis between the different XP groups and sporadic cancers (Fig.
1b , Supplementary Fig. 1 ). XP tumors formed clusters by XP group, which were non-overlapping with the cluster of sporadic skin cancers based on SBS mutation profiles and multidimensional scaling analysis (MDS; Fig. 1c-e ; Supplementary Figs. 2, 3 ). XP-V, XP-C, and XP-A clusters were located distantly, while the XP-E / XP-D cluster was closer to the cluster of sporadic skin cancers. Among 78 COSMIC mutation signatures  18  (v3. 2) extracted from the pan-cancer dataset, four mutation signatures (SBS7a/b/c/d) are associated with UV irradiation, and combination of SBS7a and SBS7b usually explain the majority of mutations in sporadic melanomas  18. We investigated whether these signatures could explain the observed mutation profiles in XP skin cancer with an accuracy comparable to sporadic skin cancers.
Mutation properties of XP groups modulate protein-damaging effects of mutagenesis High mutation rates in cells increase cancer risk and intensify tumor evolution, while the topography of mutagenesis and mutation signatures can impact the probability of damaging or driver mutations  [29] [30] [31]. In our dataset of skin cancers, the number of oncogenic mutations in the cancer genome was strongly correlated with the total mutation burden (Fig. 7a ). Active DNA repair in open chromatin regions decreases the accumulation of mutations in the early replicating gene-rich regions of cancer genomes (Fig. 2a ). We estimated a fraction of mutations per genome falling in the exonic regions across the studied skin cancer groups and found in XP-A and XP-D tumors a significant enrichment of exonic mutations in comparison with the other groups (Fig.
Future studies exploring XR-seq and nascent RNA-seq data after genotoxic stress in different cell line models including XPC-deficient will be required to better understand the details and associations of the extended TC-NER with the level of gene expression, gene length and particular genotoxin (ex. UV, cisplatin). Properties of C:G > A:T and T:A > A:T mutations, characteristic of XP-V skin tumors, such as the specific dinucleotide context (TA/G), strong transcription bias, and correlation with the number of C > T UVinduced mutations, enabled us to speculate that these mutations are associated with lesions that directly or indirectly induced by UV. C:G > A:T mutations are unlikely to be associated with 7,8-dihydro-8oxoguanine (8oxoG) DNA adducts as mutation signatures of 8oxoG (COSMIC signatures SBS18 and SBS36) have different 3-nt context (lack of 5' thymine specificity) and do not demonstrate transcriptional bias (https://cancer.
To tune the SVM parameters we subset 25% of the TG:CA > CA:TG and CC:GG > TT:AA variants and run tune() command (cost = c(0. 001,0. 01,0. 1, 1,5,10,100)). Then the best tuning parameters for the model were chosen (tune. out$best. model) and applied to the training dataset of 50% of the TG:CA > CA:TG and CC:GG > TT:AA variants using svm() command with 10 k-fold cross validations (cross = 10) and probabilistic assignment of the classification (type = "C-classification", probability = TRUE, scale=T) to build the SVM classification model. Finally, the SVM classification model was applied to the whole dataset of variants to classify them as true positive in a probabilistic manner (command predict(), probability = TRUE). We extracted for the downstream analysis only the variants with a probability of being true positive > 0.
For the hierarchical clustering visualization, we used Pheatmap R package. To understand whether known UV signatures can explain the mutational profiles of XP and sporadic datasets, we extracted four SBS mutational signatures previously associated with UV irradiation (SBS 7a,b,c,d) from the COSMIC database 72 (V3. 2, https://cancer. sanger. ac. uk/signatures/sbs/) and then reconstructed observed mutational profiles of the studied samples using these four UV-associated mutational signatures (fit_to_signatures(), MutationalPatterns R package). The Cosine dissimilarity of the observed and reconstructed mutational profiles was calculated for each sample as 1-Cosine distance. The procedure was performed separately for all 96 trinucleotide mutational contexts and only 12 mutational contexts of the UV-induced spectra (NCY > NTY or YCN > YTN).
Replication timing, TADs, epigenetic marks, and mutational load along the genome We used Repli-Seq data from 11 cell lines 73 (BG02, BJ, GM0699, HeLa, HEPG2, HUVEC, IMR90, K562, MCF7, NHEK, SK-N-SH) to identify conservative replication timing regions. For each 1-kb region, we calculated weighted mean replication timing and then its standard deviation between all the cell lines and removed all the regions with a standard deviation higher than 15. For the rest of consistent regions across different cell lines, we calculated the mean values and used them during analysis. The genome was divided into five or eight bins according to the replication timing values, and mutation density was calculated for each bin, adjusting for trinucleotide contexts. In addition, we computed the dependence of mutation density on replication timing separately for intergenic and genic regions (splitting mutations on the transcribed and untranscribed strands).
To assess the mutation load distribution along the genome between groups of samples and irrespective of the epigenetic features, we split the genome into 1MB-long nonoverlapped intervals and excluded all the intervals with a mappability score less than 1 over 80% of the interval. For the resulting dataset of 2684 intervals, we calculated the mutation density of C > T substitutions in each interval per sample (with at least 50,000 mutations) and then normalized the mutation density. Finally, the principal component analysis was performed on the resulting matrix.
22  and Barbieri et al. 24  , respectively. The mean intensity of tracks was calculated for binned 1-kb intervals along the genome and ±50 kb around the TESs. In addition, we downloaded and processed the XR-seq dataset of XP-C cell line experiments of Chiou et al. 23. The FASTQ files were aligned to the human reference genome with Bowtie 2 aligner v2. 4. 1  77  in -very-sensitive mode and then processed with BEDTools v2. 30. 0 76 and BEDOPS v2. 4. 37 to estimate read counts per intervals.
Protein-damaging effects of mutagenesis To assess the protein-damaging effect of different substitutions, we annotated the VCF files using oncotator  59  software and classified exonic mutations into protein-damaging (missense, nonsense, splicesite) and silent. For the C > T and CC > TT mutations, we separated them by strands and calculated the protein-damaging effect separately for the transcribed and untranscribed strands. The number of putative oncogenic drivers per sample was calculated using the OncoKb 78 database (oncogenic and likely oncogenic events).
Acknowledgements S. I. N. was supported by grant  Foundation ARC 2017 ,  Foundation Gustave Roussy , and the  The French National Cancer Institute -RPT21145LLA. P. L. K and S. I. N. were supported by grant from the  Foundation   ARC-ARCPGA12019120001055_1578  (P. L. K. and S. N. ). C. F. M. M. was supported by  Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo ,  FAPESP , Grant#  2019/19435-4. This work was also supported by  Prism -National Precision Medicine Center in Oncology  funded by the  France 2030 program  and the  French National Research Agency (ANR)  under grant number  ANR-18-IBHU-0002. The authors are very thankful to  Xiaole Xu  ( BGI ) for the management of sequencing.
Data availability Experimental WGS FASTQ files from tumors and normal tissue of patients generated in this study and corresponding filtered VCF files have been deposited in the European Genome-phenome Archive (EGA) under accession code EGAS00001006732. The raw FASTQ files and filtered VCF files are available under restricted access due to data privacy laws, and will be made available under approval by the data access committee [https://ega-archive. org/dacs/EGAC00001002945]. Access will be provided within approximately four weeks and be available for six months. Experimental sequencing data (WGS, FASTQ files) from the RPE-1 cell line experiments generated in this study have been deposited to NCBI under accession code PRJNA940340 and corresponding VCF files are available on Mendeley Data server (https:// doi.
org/10. 17632/jkjkpvgxyd. 1) [https://data. mendeley. com/datasets/ jkjkpvgxyd]. These data are freely available. The previously published melanoma samples from sporadic patients 17 referenced in the study (consensus VCF files with SNVs and INDELs) are available in a public repository from the https://dcc. icgc. org/repositories website. Genomic datasets of XP-C and sporadic cutaneous SCC 12 used in this study is available in the dbGaP database under accession code phs000830. v1. p1, access is restricted and can be granted under approval by the data access committee. Previously published WGS FASTQ datasets of sporadic cutaneous SCC and BCC used in this study and provided by Hartwig Medical Foundation 15 under data request DR-108 are available under restricted access after approval of the data sharing committee [https://www.
hartwigmedicalfoundation. nl/en/ data/data-acces-request/]. Previously published VCF files from the WGS study of metastatic cutaneous SCC 16 are available under restricted access after approval of the data sharing committee (EGAS00001003370). Previously published XP-C angiosarcoma 13 somatic variants are freely available on Mendeley Data server: https:// doi. org/10. 17632/7cxt72pckw. 1 [https://data. mendeley. com/datasets/ 7cxt72pckw/1]. COSMIC database (v. 3. 2) of mutational signatures was used for the comparison of mutational profiles with previously identified mutational signatures (https://cancer. sanger. ac. uk/ signatures/). Source data are provided with this paper.
Acknowledgements We are grateful to  Armin Schweitzer  for his technical and graphical help. Michael Böhm  is supported by the  Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (German Research Foundation ;  TTR 219 , project number  322900939 ). All authors significantly contributed to the manuscript and all authors have read and approved the final form and they have taken due care to ensure the integrity of the work. Open Access funding enabled and organized by  Projekt DEAL.
g. , metals, PFAS, plastics, biochar, pesticides), environmental compartment (e. g. , ecosystem, natural capital, landfill, wastewater treatment plants [WWTPs], freshwater, soil), and environmental policy topics (e. g. , circular economy, precautionary principle, climate change) were identified manually for each of the 48 unique issues nominated from Stage 1 (Supporting Information, Table  S4 ), which were fed into an association rule mining via the Apriori algorithm in python. The resulting "Support" values (shown in Supporting Information, Table  S5 ) provide an indication of the popularity of these environmental topics as well as their co-occurrence across the 48 topic submissions. These results were further visualized with Gephi, an open-source network analysis and visualization software package.
Acknowledgments-We thank the  Chemicals, Pesticides and Hazardous Wastes Team  within the  UK Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra)  and the  Environment Agency's Horizon Scanning & Futures Team  for supporting this exercise. We thank the  Defra steering group  for their comments throughout the process. We also thank additional experts engaged by panelists and involved in the nomination of issues: the  Sustainable Consumption Institute's Sustainable Materials for Consumer Products Working Group  (biodegradable chemicals and nonvirgin feedstocks);  M. Scheringer ,  N. V. Urho ,  Z. Wang ,  M. Diamond , and  D. Santillo.
The data from further 10 infants were excluded from the analysis due to direct contact to other-race individuals (N = 2) or because they were raised bilingually and tested in a non-native language condition (N = 8). Thus, the final sample consisted of 91 healthy and full-term infants (45 female and 46 male) aged 5-20 months. Infants were divided into 2 age groups: The younger infants were 5-to 8-month-old (n = 46, 22 female and 24 male, M = 6. 91 months, SD = 0. 84 months) and the older infants were 11-to 20-month-old (n = 45, 23 female and 22 male, M = 14. 91 months, SD = 2. 45 months). The distribution of participants across the different conditions is shown for each age group in Table  1. The age of the children did not differ significantly between the 4 conditions within the two age groups (all ps >.
The following animals were presented, accompanied by sounds typical of each species: A yellow bird that rotated 360° (upper left corner), a yellow-brown cow that moved left and right (lower left corner), a yellow cat that got bigger and smaller (upper right corner) and a pink pig that moved up and down (lower right corner). The stimuli of the experiment were created in Adobe Premiere Pro (2019) and the script was programmed in E-Prime 3. 0.
| Data and statistical analysis Two experienced research assistants measured offline manually (with a stopwatch) the looking times of the infants to the gazed boxes separately for the learning and test trials directly after the female actor had shifted her gaze to one of the corners. For each infant the webcam-video was aligned with the stimuli. Therefore, the coders were non-blinded to the experimental condition. However, of critical importance, they were blinded to our hypotheses. The student assistants used the video sequence at the beginning of the study to ensure that they could distinguish infants' gaze at each box correctly in the test phase. Therefore, the coders were able to code exactly which of the four boxes the infants were looking at. Figure  4  shows exemplary the looking behavior of one child at each of the four boxes.
The second research assistant coded 25% of all trials. The interrater reliability for the learning phase was r =. 92 (p ≤. 001) and the interrater reliability for the test phase was r =. 79 (p ≤. 001). For the test phase, we analyzed additionally as dependent variable the total number of test trials the infants followed the adults gaze correctly. We used SPSS 26. 0 for all statistical analyses. We conducted an one-way between-subjects ANOVA with mean looking times to the gazed corners as dependent variable and Face race (European vs. Asian), Language (German vs. French) and Age (young vs. old) as between-subjects variables for the learning and test phase. Additionally, we conducted for the test phase another one-way between subjects ANOVA with total number of test trials the infants followed the adults gaze correctly as dependent variable and Face race (European vs.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We wish to give special thanks to the children and parents who participated during Covid-19 pandemic from home in this study. This work was funded by  DFG-ANR BabyFaceSpeech  ( SCHW 665/14-1 ). This work was supported by the  Hessisches Ministerium für Wissenschaft und Kunst  ( HMWK ; project " The Adaptive Mind "). Open Access funding enabled and organized by  Projekt DEAL.
To obtain characteristic time constants of the observed ultrafast processes, global analysis in the broad spectral probing range of 430-830 nm was performed, in which selected singular value (SV) kinetic vectors were analyzed using Surface Explorer (Ultrafast Systems) software. The dominant 1st SV kinetic vector was chosen, as the other kinetic vectors represented the contribution of solvent artifacts  [24]  and the random noise. Due to the spectrometer limitations, shorter AuNRs were synthesized (≈75 ± 2 nm in length and ≈20 ± 3 nm in width), so the longitudinal plasmon would remain within the spectrometer range.
Modeling and Calculations Calculations of the electromagnetic (EM) fields, EM losses, and heating were performed based on the finite-element-method (FEM), and the commercially available software COMSOL Multiphysics. Au nanorods were designed as two semi-spherical caps connected by a cylinder. The length of the nanorods (L), which corresponded to the experimental definition, was defined as the maximum distance between apexes, according to Figure  S2a  (Supporting Information). The nanostructure was then placed at the center of a spherical volume filled with water and surrounded by spherical perfectly matched layers (PML in Figure  S2b , Supporting Information). The equations were solved for the scattered field, using a background electric field of the form: ⃗ E 0 exp(-j k y), where ⃗ E 0 could be parallel to the long NR axis (termed longitudinal polarization) or normal to the long NR axis (transverse polarization).
[38] As observed in Table  2 , large power densities are typically used to generate equally important temperature variations. Here, photodegradation and thermal tests were carried out by substituting the xenon lamp with an 808 laser to examine NIR radiation and its effects on the degradation of organic dyes. Experiments were carried out following the same procedure as with the xenon lamp (1 h of total time, [Rh6g] f = 2. 5 μg mL -1 , [AuNRs/PDA3] f = 7. 4 μg mL -1 at room temperature. First, a control test using only Rh6G was carried out, showing that the temperature increment was 2. 3 °C, and then, AuNRs/PDA3 and bare AuNRs were tested. Results show a higher temperature increment than the data obtained when the xenon lamp was used. AuNRs/PDA nanocomposites showed an increment in temperature of Δ49.
Acknowledgements The authors acknowledge the financial support from the  National Science Centre of Poland (NCN)  by the  OPUS grant   2019/35/B/ST5/00248. D. A. F. : would like to acknowledge  French Government Scholarship  for the financial support. K. Z. : acknowledges the Program  POWR. 03. 02. 00-00-I032/16. B. G. : acknowledges the financial support from  NCN  by the SONATA grant number  2018/31/D/ST8/02434  in the thermal camera experiments of this article. T. V. : the numerical studies of plasmons were part of a project that had received funding from the  European Union 's  Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme  under the  Marie Skłodowska-Curie  grant agreement No  101003436. I. I. : acknowledges the financial support from  NCN  by the  SONATA-BIS  grant number  2020/38/E/ST5/00176  in the photodegradation experiments of this article.
| Clozapine in older people There is no clear guidance on the clozapine dose adjustment required for patients with schizophrenia or other forms of psychosis aged 65 years and above. 19 One survey of TDM data reported plasma clozapine concentrations of 0. 53 ± 0. 33 mg L À1 following doses of 150-250 mg day À1 in those aged over 65 years. 19 pulation pharmacokinetic studies, which use a mixed effects based approach to estimate pharmacokinetic parameters, have however produced inconsistent findings. 20 This may be partly explained by small sample size (n = 13-391), or differences in factors such as body weight, concomitant medication and smoking status (smoking is less prevalent in those aged over 65 years). 19 This study aimed to develop a population pharmacokinetic model for clozapine and norclozapine using information from a large TDM dataset, with the following aims: 1) To investigate the effect of age on clozapine dose-concentration relationships, after accounting for repeated sampling and covariates (sex, ethnicity, body weight and smoking status).