dataesr/scientific-paragraphs-categorization huggingface dataset:
The electrical resistivity of the oxynitride sample was measured by using a two contact probe configuration on as-prepared pellets. As shown in Fig. 4 (b), the resistivity displays a semiconductor-like behaviour. The concentration of the metallic SFMO residual fraction is well below the 3D percolation limit, this indicates that Sr 2 FeMoO 4. 9 N 1. 1 is insulating. In fact, the resistivity data cannot be described by an activated law but by a variable range hopping (VRH) model, suggesting electron motion within localized states. Still a large negative magnetoresistance is measured below 100 K. At first sight, this observation is in contrast to the observed insulating character of the oxynitride. However, a simple and coherent picture can be obtained by noticing that: (a) in the pristine material, the conduction band is populated by minority spin electrons of Fe-3d and Mo-4d,5s parentages, as depicted in Fig.
This work was supported by the  Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia, Universidades e Investigacion, Spain  (Projects  MAT2017-86616-R ,  MAT2017-85232-R, MAT2015-71664-R, MAT2015-67593-P  and  ENE2015-63969 ) and by  Generalitat de Catalunya  ( 2017SGR1377 ,  2017SGR581 ). ICMAB acknowledges financial support from  MINECO  through the  Severo Ochoa Program  ( SEV-2015-0496 ). We thank the  Institut Laue Langevin (ILL)  and  Alba synchrotron  for the provision of beam time.
25° grid;  Banzon et al. , 2016; Reynolds et al. , 2007)  for shallow-water corals, and from NOAA WOA13v2 (0. 25° grid) for specimens living below 10m depth  (Boyer et al. , 2013). When available, we used in situ temperature data that had been acquired using CTD (conductivity, temperature, depth) profiles near the coral sampling site (Table  1 ). Salinity data for all the sampling locations were obtained from the NOAA WOA13v2 dataset. Seawater temperature data from the AVHRR-OISSTv2 database cover the same period corresponding to the coral portion sub-sampled for geochemistry (i. e. the last 4-6 years, see below).
Cold-water non-zooxanthellate corals A small living colony of the framework-forming cold-water coral, Madrepora oculata, was collected from the Sardinia Channel (Mediterranean Sea) at 432m water depth using a Remotely Operated Vehicle on the R/V Urania during the RECORD 2014 cruise (Taviani et al. , 2017). The seawater temperature was obtained from a CTD profile acquired close to the sampling location and was compared to the value sourced from the WOA13v2 dataset to obtain the long-term temperature variability (13. 8 ± 0. 1 °C). The topmost portion of one of the branches, corresponding to ~1 year of skeletal growth (Orejas et al. , 2011), was carefully cleaned using a fine diamond saw to remove any organic material residues, and sub-sampled in 6 different aliquots of ~50 mg each. The other living non-zooxanthellate corals investigated in this study were collected from the Ross Sea (Antarctica) at Each of the skeletal portions extracted from the zooxanthellate and non-zooxanthellate coral samples was finely crushed in an agate mortar, thoroughly mixed, and separated into two aliquots of ~50-100 mg that were transferred to acid-cleaned vials.
Three recent studies have applied a similar approach using Li/   2014 ) on the same samples (Fig. 12 ). Once applied to the New Caledonia P. lobata samples, the multi-proxy equation provides reconstructed temperatures that are closer to the ambient seawater annual mean values, with a root mean square error of 0. 6 °C, compared to 1. 0 °C using the exponential equation by Montagna et al. (2014) (Fig. 13 ). This implies that using the combination of Li/Mg and Sr/Ca in Porites can effectively reduce the uncertainty of temperature reconstructions and yield values closer to ambient seawater temperatures. However, we did not extend the multi-proxy approach to the entire dataset given the poor  that the presence of organic matter, especially that related to endolithic green algae, has a strong effect on the Mg/Ca ratio and hence on the Li/Mg proxy.
(2014) to temperatures lower than 1 °C. A revised exponential regression was obtained by combining the Li/ Mg values of all the corals reported in Montagna et al. (2014) with those from the samples analysed in the present study, excluding the ones showing detectable traces of calcite and green bands to avoid integrating anomalous values in the calculation (Fig. 11). The regression analysis was also limited to the two datasets and excluded other less well constrained literature data to minimize differences in the analytical techniques and uncertainties associated with different sample treatments applied before the analysis (e. g. different cleaning protocols or coral sub-sampling).
2 Building a European Human Capital: Some Data Recent statistics issued by the European Commission in July 2014 offer a clear picture of the results achieved so far as a result of student mobility in Europe: the Erasmus Programme. Remarkably, 3 million students have enjoyed this programme since it was established in  [1987] [1988] , and this interuniversity practice is intensifying. A recent study has recorded that, during one academic year alone,  2012-2013, 268,143  students went to another EU country for study or training. Of these, 61% were women, 67% were enrolled at the BA level, and 29% at the MA level. Of all students involved in the Erasmus Programme during the academic year 2012-2013, 79% took advantage of this opportunity to attend courses and pass exams, while 21% received a grant for a job placement in companies in another EU member state.
According to the survey results, collected and elaborated by the eva research before the EP elections of 2014, 91% of respondents (aged 18-25) admitted to thinking of themselves as European citizens, and not just as a national of an EU member state, 'often (45%) or sometimes (46%)'. Compared with the Eurobarometer data of 2007 (which surveyed a young generation aged 15-24), the sense of closeness to European identity shown by university students was steadfastly greater. In the Eurobarometer answers, in fact, only 54% of respondents think of themselves as European citizens often or sometimes. Even more interesting is the difference in opinions that emerged between mobile and non-mobile students when requested to express what the EU meant for them. All 'positive' meanings related to the EU context were more appreciated by current or former Erasmus students than those who never studied in another country.
Recent available data state, in fact, that 5 years after graduation, unemployment among students who enjoyed an Erasmus grant was 23% lower than was the case of non-mobile students. The findings of broad-based research published in September 2014 under the title The Erasmus Impact Study not only confirmed the effectiveness of the programme in terms of employment opportunities but also provided crucial insights about the transversal competences that students acquire during their international experience: in particular, how deeply this experience marks their personality traits and attitudes in terms of tolerance, curiosity, adaptability, self-confidence, serenity, decisiveness in making decisions, and vigour in solving problems. In short, Erasmus vividly contributes to making young people more attracted by and more able to interact with a globalising world.
Exploring the expectations and requirements of employers/entrepreneurs, the study emphasised that 92% of employers were looking for workers with the aforementioned transversal skills, well in addition to top knowledge in their field, when recruiting personnel. Furthermore, 64% of the employers noted in 2014  (versus 51% in 2006)  how deeply the international background of graduates increased their own professional responsibility. Leadership as well is likely to emerge more effectively among Erasmus alumni: according to the data collected, 77% of them held positions with leadership components 10 years after graduation and 44% were more likely to be working as managers than non-mobile students. Last, but not least, 'international love' has also played a relevant role in modifying lifestyles and behaviours in the EU context during, or because of, the Erasmus experience: in particular, the study noted an intensification of mixed couples, with 33% of alumni living with a partner of a different citizenship/nationality, while this percentage was much lower (13%) in the case of non-mobility students.
Globalisation and the Underestimation of European University Internationalisation Despite the broad and stimulating research conducted on students and alumni actively involved in mobility in the past few years, the study of the Erasmus impact on the academic and administrative staff of universities is regrettably less systematic and, to a large extent, poorer in terms of data and figures. Indeed, scrutiny needs to be expanded to broader dimensions in order to take in the impact of globalisation on the organisation of knowledge, how that knowledge is being disseminated, and to what extent it is receptive to the time-space compression that globalisation is intensifying  (Szyszlo, 2016). From this perspective, Erasmus mobility is just one component, although a crucially important one. University internationalisation, however, encompasses many activities, which include mobility of students, professors and staff, transnational curricula adaptations, joint research projects, joint teaching programme design and transnational (double, multiple, joint) degrees awarding, which have an obvious impact on the learning processes at home.
EU figures also state that 500 practitioners, namely staff members from business environments, were invited to teach under the aegis of the opportunities offered by the programme, with a 20% increase in participation in comparison with the previous year, and a consistent improvement in learning outcomes in terms of the practical knowledge of students as well as their theoretical and academic education. Consequently, the European Commission decided to expand the Erasmus Programme (renamed 'Erasmus plus') both financially and in terms of scope and targets for the period 2014-2020. Once again, some data would help here. In 2007-2013 the available budget was 3. 1 billion euro. For the years 2014-2020 the budget was increased up to 15 billion euros, with the ambitious aim of supporting the mobility of 20% of the student population, namely an additional 5 million people.
ADME predictions can be used to focus lead optimization efforts in enhancing the desired properties of a given compound. The expected ADME property of the tested compound was evaluated with the QikProp module of Schrodinger. Almost all the predicted properties of the tested compound were in the range as predicted by QikProp for 100% (>80% is high) of known oral drugs, and the compound also satisfies Lipinski's rule of five to be considered as having drug-like potential.
Prediction of ADME Properties Schrodinger's QikProp module is an accurate, quick, and easy-to-use absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) prediction program that was designed to produce certain ADME-related descriptors. QikProp consists of two modes: normal mode and fast mode. In the present study, the QikProp program, version 3. 4 was run in normal processing mode with default options  [39]. To set up the calculation, a pose viewer file (generated after docking with Glide) was used to consider the receptor and source of ligands. The program was run (with default options) and reasonable descriptors were produced.
Cone calorimeter experiments Based on the ISO 5660-1: 2002 standard [14], the meso-scale experiments are carried out using a cone calorimeter. A10×10 cm sample with an exposed surface of 88. 4 cm² was placed at 35 mm from a heat source under a constant heat flux of 100 kW/m² and measurements were recorded. The samples were placed horizontally and vertically to evaluate the result for both configurations (cf. Figure  1 ). To experiments are performed twice to ensure the reliability of the data obtained in this study. Moreover, the Mass Loss Rate (MLR), the Heat Release Rate (HRR) and the Backward Face Temperature (BFT) are measured while performing the experiments. In the vertical configuration the measure of the BFT is made using a Flir A600 infrared thermography apparatus which allowed to measure the temperature field on a zone of ).
Patients This prospective study was conducted between January and December 2016 at the noninvasive ventilation (NIV) and sleep unit of Necker Children's Hospital in Paris. All consecutive patients, aged 0-18 years, treated with CPAP for a severe OSA defined as an AHI>10 events/h, and not compliant with home CPAP therapy, defined by a CPAP use <2 h/night, after at least 4 weeks of an 'optimal' CPAP trial, were considered eligible for the study. An 'optimal' CPAP trial included the trial of different interfaces and CPAP settings, therapeutic education of the patient and the caregivers and/or behavioral interventions. Patients in an unstable medical condition or with non-French-speaking parents were excluded. Medical records, demographic data and results of the baseline RP were collected for each patient.
RP were performed using CID 102* (Cidelec, Angers, France) and Alice 6 (Respironics, Carquefou, France). The recorded data included nasal airflow, oronasal thermal flow, body position, body movements, thoracic and abdominal movements assessed with inductance belts, pulse oximetry (SpO2), continuous video recording and transcutaneous carbon dioxide (CO2) recording. Respiratory events were scored according to the American Academy of Sleep Medicine (AASM) manual and following update  [18]. Written informed consent was obtained before enrolment from patient's parents or from the patient's legal guardian. The protocol was approved by the local ethical committee (CPP Ile de France XI, no. 2016-A00305-46).
However, this device has been developed for home oxygen therapy with a technology that is not optimal for OSA monitoring. Adherence data were directly taken from the screen of the device, which shows the total time divided by the number of days of use. Unfortunately, the system does not consider the number of nights per months of use, which is an important parameter when considering adherence to treatment. There are no alarms in case of displacement of the cannula during the night. Moreover, the device does not provide a real-time monitoring of generated pressure, exposing the patient to potential pressure overshooting. In order to avoid this risk of overpressure, we deliberately chose a cannula-to-nares ratio of less than 0. 9 which has been shown to prevent overshooting in bench studies models  [28].
Study design and patients The patients included in the study had previously been included in studies conducted by our group between January 1, 2011, and December 31, 2016, with the appropriate ethics committee approval  [14, [16] [17] [18]. Data of all patients with sepsis or septic shock were reviewed, and medical record was consulted if necessary. Each patient was included once. Sepsis was defined according to international consensus definitions  [19]. Patients were admitted from the emergency department or the medical wards. Patients with sepsis were included at ICU admission; patients with septic shock were included when vasopressors were required (within 3 h of admission). Patients were excluded if mottling score was not available at inclusion and in case of dark skin. Because we focused on parameters recorded 6 h after inclusion (H6), patients who died before H6 were also excluded.
Data from these patients, who are referred to as the development cohort, were used to develop the main analysis. Next, our analysis was validated in an independent cohort of patients with septic shock who were admitted in a mixed medical/surgical adult ICU in Brazil  [15]. Patients had been prospectively enrolled in 2012-2013 and screened according to the same inclusion and exclusion criteria as those used for the development cohort. This group of patients is referred to as the validation cohort. The same clinical and laboratory data were available for analysis in both cohorts, with the exception of repeated measures every 6 h available in the development cohort only. The flow chart of the study is displayed in Additional file 1: Figure  S1.
Data collection Data reported in Table  1  were prospectively collected. Baseline information was recorded at ICU admission, including severity of illness evaluated by the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score (within 6 h of admission and H24) and Simplified Acute Physiology Score II (SAPS II). Hemodynamic variables were recorded at inclusion (H0) and at H6, H12, and H24. We measured MAP, heart rate (HR), diuresis, cardiac index using echocardiography, arterial lactate level, and mottling score. Mottling score provided a semi quantitative evaluation of mottling based on skin area extension on legs: Score 0 no mottling, score 1 small mottling area (coin size) localized to the center of the knee, score 2 mottling area that does not exceed the superior edge of the knee cap, score 3 mottling area that does not exceed the middle thigh, score 4 mottling area that does not exceed the fold of the groin, and score 5 otherwise.
3, 1. 5 μg/kg/min). We also studied the effect (adjusted on SOFA score) on mortality of the mottling score variation assessed between admission and after the 6 first hours of resuscitation. Primary analyses were performed on complete cases after imputation of missing data; actually, to handle missing data on covariates, multiple imputations with chained equation, based on M = 30 imputed complete datasets  [25] , were used. Note that mottling score and arterial lactate had no missing data. We assessed the sensitivity of our findings by repeating the primary analysis under varying assumptions about the study population. First, we studied our model in the subset of patients with vasopressor only, whatever the type and after exclusion of patients who received epinephrine. Second, we identified patients fulfilling the recent SEPSIS-3 definition of septic shock.
However, these results were externally validated in an independent dataset, with good discrimination and calibration in both cohorts. We also performed internal validation using bootstrap resampling methods. As shown, our model has a reduced optimism suggesting a good ability of the model in future patients. The time point of interest, for the mottling score, was H6 though other measurements were performed (H0, H12, H24). We assume that this time point was clinically relevant because diagnosis investigations (including imaging) and both initial monitoring and resuscitation requires few hours. Last, we used 14-day mortality as the main outcome given long-term mortality may be influenced by comorbidities or ICU-acquired complications. Thus, it seems more relevant to explain directly sepsis-related mortality.
Acknowledgements Not applicable. 1  Assistance Publique -Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Saint-Antoine , Service de réanimation médicale, 184 rue du Faubourg Saint-Antoine, 75571 Paris, cedex 12, France. 2  Sorbonne Université, Paris, France. 3  ECSTRA team, Biostatistics  and clinical epidemiology,  UMR 1153  (center of epidemiology and biostatistic  Sorbonne Paris Cité, CRESS), INSERM, Paris Diderot University, Paris, France. 4  Adult Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Santa Luzia ,  School of Medicine, Brasília, Brazil. 5Inserm U1136, F-75012 Paris, France. 6Université de Paris, Inserm  U970 ,  Centre de Recherche Cardiovasculaire de Paris (PARCC), Paris, France.
Quantitative assessment Patients were assessed for gait and posture on the motion platform 24 h before the beginning and 24 h after the end of the rehabilitation protocol (INCIA CNRS UMR5287, Bordeaux University). Three-dimensional kinematic gait analyses. Kinematic data were acquired with a motion analysis system (Elite, BTS Spa, Milan, Italy) composed of 8 infrared cameras placed throughout the room (acquisition frequency 100 Hz). Each patient had reflective markers attached to the skin bilaterally on anatomical landmarks: heads of the first and fifth metatarsals, lateral malleolus, lateral femoral condyle, greater trochanter, anterior superior iliac spine, and acromion. Additional markers were positioned on the lumbar vertebra L3, thoracic vertebra T10, cervical vertebra C7 and sternum.
The motion analysis system calculated the position of the markers in 3D. With the volume required for the movement, the spatial error of the system was < 2 mm (mean 1. 5 mm, SD 0. 2). The following gait parameters Test procedure. Patients had to walk on the walkway at a comfortable speed. Gait events (heel contact and toeoff for each foot) were identified from kinematic data, and gait spatio-temporal parameters were calculated for each cycle and then averaged with a Matlab routine (Matlab 2013, Mathworks, US). Subjects performed 6 trials, which allowed the identification of at least 18 walking cycles for each participant.
In conclusion, trunk muscle strengthening should be an ongoing adjunct to PD medication and classical physical therapy in the context of gait abnormality with falls in patients with PD treated with STN-DBS. Nevertheless, these preliminary data should be viewed with caution due to the small size of the patient sample. The therapy proposed in this study is probably more intensive than is generally available in routine care. However, no patient refused the therapy or failed to perform it completely. Clinical and paraclinical data were collected 24 h after the end of the rehabilitation programme, whereas the number of daily post-rehabilitation falls was assessed 3 weeks after discharge. Thus, even if this period is short, it should be taken into account before directly associating these 2 types of parameter.
Daily temperatures are also involved in the computation of thermal time, which serves, on an additive basis, to calculate the progress of developmental processes. The phenology of the model is based on a simplified concept of successive phenological stages that have constant (genotypic) thermal duration. The photoperiod sensitivity routine is not activated in this study. SARRA-H was calibrated against local agronomic-trial data and on-farm surveys conducted in eight contrasted sites in terms of climate and agricultural practices in West Africa  25. These data were used to define the varieties and the parameters representing management practice in the crop model. SARRA-H showed good performance in simulating crop yield variability in West Africa compared to FAO data, even if it tends to overestimate the mean yield  9.
More details on modelling are available in the Supplementary Note described in the Supplementary Information of Iizumi et al. 6. The CYGMA model uses socioeconomic variables (such as per capita GDP, per capita agricultural area, agricultural research and development expenditure) as the model inputs in addition to physical variables (e. g. , daily weather and plant-extractable water holding capacity of soil), enabling the model to simulate yield trends associated with technological improvements. This is a unique characteristic of the CYGMA model. The daily mean, maximum and minimum temperatures, precipitation, solar radiation, relative humidity and wind speed are used as the weather inputs. For this study, the CYGMA model was calibrated for millet and sorghum using the global dataset of actual and potential yields in 2000  26, 27  , as was done for the four crops in earlier work  6.