dataesr/scientific-paragraphs-categorization huggingface dataset:
Data Demographic and reproduction data were extracted from the French National Genetic Information System (SNIG). SNIG is a database managed by the French National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA-Institut national de la recherche agronomique), in collaboration with the French Livestock Institute (Institut de l'Elevage). The compiled data include animal identifications and pedigrees, performance testing, insemination centers, herd books, laboratories, slaughterhouses, etc. These data were provided by INRA and obtained from herds registered for monitoring milk production volumes and in which artificial insemination (AI) is practiced; these herds represent about 60% of French dairy cattle herds. For each female, data included farm location (i. e. département, an intermediate French administrative division with a mean area of 5,800 km 2 ), individual characteristics (identification number, birth date), reproductive events (AI and calving dates), and death date if the animal had died.
Females were divided into two groups according to the number of calvings: heifers (females with no calving reported before the considered AI date) and parous cows (females with at least one calving reported before the considered AI date). Data have been gathered since 2001 but cattle registered since 1 January 2004 were selected for the study, because the notification system is considered to have been fully operational since then. Six reproductive seasons between 1 August 2004 and 31 July 2010 were used to follow the seasonality of calvings which peak in September/October. Each reproductive season X/X+1 starts on 1 August of year X and ends on  31   During the BT8 epizootic, BT8 surveillance relied on active surveillance (based on serological sampling in herds randomly selected) and event-driven surveillance (or "passive" surveillance, based on the mandatory notification of suspected cases of BT8).
[25]. Reweighting was conducted using the R "surveillance" package  [26]. The most complete model included time covariates as follows: Logðm ijw Þ ¼ b 0 þ b 1 Â w þ b 2 Â sinð2p Â w=52Þ þ b 3 Â cosð2p Â w=52Þ þ b 4 Â sinð2p Â w Â 2=52Þ þ b 5 Â cosð2p Â w Â 2=52Þ þ b 6 Â sinð2p Â w Â 4=52Þ þ b 7 Â cosð2p Â w Â 4=52Þ þ logðN ijw Þ with μ ijw representing the mean number of mid-term abortions for each week w, département i and parity group j, log(N ijw ) as the number of female-weeks at risk of having a mid-term abortion, and β the covariate coefficients. Model selection was conducted using the R "bblme" package where the quasi-AIC criterion (QAIC) was chosen for model parsimony  [27, 28]. For each département and female parity group, the QAICs of the three models were calculated by using the quasi-likelihood, which was the likelihood divided by the over-dispersion parameter estimated from the most complex model, i.
Candidate models were defined as models with Δ m ij 2. Their relative quasi-likelihood Δ m ij was computed and normalized to unity by  [33] : wg m ij ¼ expðÀD m ij =2Þ X n mij expðÀD m ij =2Þ where n m ij denotes the number of candidate models for département i and female parity group j. The resulting weights wg m ij can be interpreted as the weight of evidence in favor of model m ij being most appropriate, given both the data and the model set  [34]. ' 0 m ij ¼ wg m ij Â ' m ij and k 0 m ij ¼ wg m ij Â k m ij Within each parity group, départements for which the marginal probability density functions of weighted time lags ' 0 m ij and k 0 m ij were multimodal, with the probability value of the second best mode higher than half of the value of the major mode, were excluded. Evaluation of the effect of BT8 on the MAIR.
Limitations of using AI data for syndromic surveillance The MAIR can be used as a proxy of the actual rate of mid-term abortion occurrence in the population. Nonetheless, several types of abortion events are not captured in the MAIR. For example, based on the analysis of the mandatory abortion notification data, we estimated that 25% to 40% of cows who abort between the sixth and the ninth month of pregnancy are slaughtered without any re-insemination (data not shown). In addition, the MAIR does not include mid-term abortions that are followed by an extended delay before re-insemination. On the other hand, the return-to-service period between 90 to 180 days may include some embryonic mortalities or early abortions, because re-insemination occurs at least 21 days after the abortion (minimum time for the cow to return to estrus).
Any increase in MAIR must be investigated in the field to confirm the actual increase in mid-term abortions and identify the cause. Second, our indicator cannot cover the entire bovine population at risk in France because it would focus only on calvings registered with the SNIG, representing about 50% of calvings and 60% of French dairy cattle herds. Last, although AI data are automatically and routinely collected in real time, the MAIR detects mid-term abortions and thus, any introduction of an exotic abortive disease with a time lag of at least three weeks (necessary time for the cow to return to estrus). Timeliness depends on the time between exposure to the abortive agent and re-insemination of the aborted cow, which is a combination of several time lags. The incubation period (i. e. between exposure and abortion occurrence) is disease-specific and also depends on the gestation stage  [16].
Management of ELISA data ELISA optical densities (OD) were analyzed with ADAMSEL FLP b039 software (http://www. emvda. org/portfolio/project-index/optimalvac-project-completed), to determine antibody concentrations (μg/mL). Discordant duplicates (with a variation coefficient >15%) were retested. A stochastic expectation maximization algorithm  [17] , already applied to ELISA analyses  [18] , was used to impute data in cases where the OD was below detection thresholds or was oversaturated [referred to as "Low" and "High" concentration values (μg/mL), respectively].
Acknowledgments We thank all the women and infants of  Tori Bossito  who agreed to participate in the study as well as the  CERPAGE (Centre d'Étude et de Recherche sur le Paludisme Associé à la Grossesse et l'Enfance) team at Cotonou  and the  Tori Bossito medical health center  staff ( F. Loumedjinon  and  M Daoudou ) for performing fieldwork. We are grateful to  R. Anders  ( La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia ),  S. Longacre  ( Pasteur Institute, Paris, France ),  E. Remarque  ( Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, The Netherlands ) and  M. Theisen  ( Statens Serum Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark ) for their gift of P. falciparum recombinant proteins and  G. Tavera  and  I. Malhotra  for critical reading of the manuscript. We thank the  Faculté des Sciences de la Santé , the  Institut des Sciences Biomédicales Appliquées de Cotonou (ISBA)  and the  Programme National de Lutte contre le Paludisme (PNLP)  for their institutional support.
Treatment regimens and randomisation Eligible subjects were randomised to 400 mg chondroitin sulfate plus 500 mg glucosamine hydrochloride (Droglican, Bioiberica, S. A. , Barcelona, Spain) three times a day or 200 mg celecoxib (Celebrex, Pfizer) every day for 6 months. Subjects were assigned sequentially in a 1:1 ratio using a computer-generated randomisation list prepared by an independent biostatistician (GD) using proc Plan SAS System (V. 9. 1. 3) software. Subjects receiving combination therapy took six capsules of chondroitin sulfate 200 mg plus glucosamine hydrochloride 250 mg per day; those receiving celecoxib took one celecoxib 200 mg plus one placebo capsule (in the morning) and four further placebo capsules per day. To maintain the blind (among patients, physicians, site staff and contract research organisation), celecoxib capsules were overencapsulated and placebo capsules had an identical appearance to the combination product.
Other reasons were not imputed and were handled by the MMRM approach, which relies on the missing at random assumption. Sensitivity analyses were conducted using the baseline observation carried forward (BOCF) and the MMRM with no imputation. The analysis was performed using SAS V. 9. 2 software (SAS Institute, Cary, North Carolina, USA), and the level of significance was established at the 0. 05 level (two-sided).
The analyzed OGLE-IV data set of the event contains 3749 epochs covering three observing seasons 2010 -2012. The MOA project is regularly surveying the Galactic bulge with the 1. 8-m telescope at the Mt. John Observatory in New Zealand. Images are collected with a ten-CCD mosaic camera covering ≈ 2. 2 square degrees. OGLE-2011-BLG-0265 lies in the high-cadence MOA field "gb10" which is typically visited a few times per hour, enabling to take 4774 epochs in total during the 2006-2012 seasons. Observations were conducted using the wide non-standard R/I filter with the exposure time of 60 seconds. OGLE-2011-BLG-0265 is also located in the footprint of the survey conducted at the Wise Observatory in Israel with the 1. 0-m telescope and four-CCD mosaic camera, LAIWO  (Shvartzvald & Maoz 2012). This site fills the longitudinal gap between the OGLE and MOA sites enabling round-theclock coverage of the event.
In total 710 epochs were obtained from this survey. Observations were carried out with the Iband filter and the exposure time was 180 seconds. OGLE-2011-BLG-0265 event turned out to evolve relatively slowly. Data collected by survey observations have good enough coverage of the anomaly and overall light curve to identify the planetary nature of the event. Nevertheless, the phenomenon was also monitored by several follow-up groups based on the anomaly alert issued on July 2, 2011 by the MOA group. It should be noted that the OGLE group generally does not issue alerts of ongoing anomalies in the present phase. The groups that participated in the follow-up observations include the Probing Lensing Anomalies NETwork (PLANET:  Beaulieu et al. 2006) , Microlensing Follow-Up Network (µFUN:  Gould et al.
To analyze the data sets obtained from different observatories, we rescale the reported uncertainties for each data set (cf. Skowron et al. 2011). The microlensing magnification significantly changes the brightness of the measured object during the event and it is often the case that the reported uncertainties by the automatic pipelines are underestimated by different amounts. To account for this, we first adjust uncertainties by introducing a quadratic term so that the cumulative distribution function of χ 2 as a function of magnification becomes linear. We then rescale error bars so that χ 2 per degree of freedom (dof) becomes unity for each data set, where the value of χ 2 is derived from the best-fit solution. This process greatly helps to estimate uncertainties of the lensing parameters.
It is done in an iterative manner using the full model (i. e. , with effects of parallax and orbital motion taken into account). Figure  2  shows the light curve of OGLE-2011-BLG-0265. The subset of gathered data that were used in the final calculations is presented. For the most part, the light curve is well represented by a smooth and symmetric curve of a standard lensing event caused by a single-mass object  (Paczyński 1986 ) except for the short-term perturbations at HJD ′ ∼ 5746. 5 (major perturbation) and 5757. 5 (minor perturbation), which lasted for ∼ 4 days and ∼ 1 day, respectively. These short-term perturbations are characteristic features of planetary microlensing  (Mao & Paczyński 1991; Gould & Loeb 1992). The dense temporal coverage from the multiple sites is useful in ensuring that there is no missing feature in the light curve.
2. -Light curve of the microlensing event OGLE-2011-BLG-0265. Only a subset of data taken during the event is presented -lower signal-to-noise observations, as well as, data providing little constraint on the final solution are omitted. Colors of data points are chosen to match those of the labels of observatories. The solid curve superposed on the data points represents the best-fit model curve (u 0 > 0). The model curve for the u 0 < 0 solution would be visually indistinguishable. The two upper panels show the enlarged view of the major (HJD ∼ 2455746. 5) and minor (∼ 2455757. 5) planetary perturbation regions (marked with arrows). -HJD ′ = HJD -2450000. α 0 and s 0 denote projected binary axis angle and separation for the epoch t 0,orb = 2455748. 0, respectively. The reference position for the definition of t 0 and u 0 is set as the center of mass of the lens system.
The  OGLE  project has received funding from the  European Research Council  under the European Community's  Seventh Framework Programme  ( FP7/2007-2013)  /  ERC  grant agreement no. 246678  to  A. Udalski. This research was partly supported by the  Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education (MNiSW)  through the program " Iuventus Plus " award No. IP2011 026771. Work by  C. Han  was supported by  Creative Research Initiative Program  ( 2009-0081561 ) of  National Research Foundation of Korea. The MOA experiment was supported by grants  JSPS22403003  and  JSPS23340064. T. S. acknowledges the support JSPS 24253004. T. S. is supported by the grant  JSPS23340044. Y. M. acknowledges support from  JSPS  grants  JSPS23540339  and  JSPS19340058. Work by  J. C. Yee  is supported in part by a  Distinguished University Fellowship  from The  Ohio State University  and in part under contract with the  California Institute of Technology (Caltech)  funded by  NASA  through the  Sagan Fellowship Program.
Work by A. G. and B. S. G was supported by  NSF  grant  AST 1103471. Work by A. G. , B. S. G. , and RWP was supported by  NASA  grant  NNX12AB99G. TS acknowledges the support from the grant  JSPS23340044  and  JSPS24253004. CS received funding from the  European Union Seventh Framework Programme  ( FP7/2007-2013)  under grant agreement no. 268421. This work is based in part on data collected by MiNDSTEp with the Danish 1. 54m telescope at the  ESO La Silla Observatory. The Danish 1. 54m telescope is operated based on a grant from the  Danish Natural Science Foundation (FNU). The MiNDSTEp monitoring campaign is powered by  ARTEMiS  (Automated Terrestrial Exoplanet Microlensing Search; Dominik et al. 2008, AN 329, 248). MH acknowledges support by the  German Research Foundation (DFG). DR (boursier FRIA) and JSurdej acknowledge support from the  Communauté française de Belgique -Actions de recherche concertées -Académie universitaire Wallonie-Europe.
Objective: The aim of this study was to characterize key clinical manifestations of lysosomal acid lipase deficiency (LAL D) in children and adults. Methods: Investigators reviewed medical records of LAL D patients ages !5 years, extracted historical data, and obtained prospective laboratory and imaging data on living patients to develop a longitudinal dataset. Results: A total of 49 patients were enrolled; 48 had confirmed LAL D. Mean age at first disease-related abnormality was 9. 0 years (range 0-42); mean age at diagnosis was 15. 2 years (range 1-46). Twenty-nine (60%) were male patients, and 27 (56%) were <20 years of age at the time of consent/assent. Serum transaminases were elevated in most patients with 458 of 499 (92%) of alanine aminotransferase values and 265 of 448 (59%) of aspartate aminotransferase values above the upper limit of normal.
Study Design and Data Collection All procedures performed were in accordance with the ethical standards of the responsible committee on human experimentation (institutional and national) and with the Helsinki Declaration of 1975, as revised in 2000. Study-related documents including protocols and informed consent forms were reviewed by an institutional review board or independent ethics committee. Although both living and deceased patients were eligible for inclusion, sites were required to be actively managing !1 patient with LAL D. Patients were eligible if they had a documented diagnosis based on LAL enzyme activity testing or LIPA gene mutational analysis, were !5 years of age, and had the minimum required data in their records. Data collected included the method of diagnosis, demographics, clinical and family history, physical examination, clinical chemistry results, liver biopsy data, details of interventions with diet modification and lipid-lowering medications, and date and cause of death.
Statistical Analysis Enrollment of $30 evaluable patients with LAL D was planned. All analyses were performed using SAS 1 version 9. 2 (SAS Institute, Cary, NC). Three analysis data sets were used for all data summaries. The full analysis set (FAS) included all of the patients with a confirmed diagnosis of LAL D. The dietary intervention (DI; DIs were considered specialized low-fat or low-cholesterol diets; high-protein or low-sodium diets were not considered DIs for the purposes of this study) set and lipid-lowering medication (LLM) set included patients in the FAS who had !1 DI or LLM, respectively, with !1 preintervention and 1 postintervention value for a serum transaminase or serum lipid parameter. Longitudinal analyses characterized changes over time in laboratory values. Change from baseline (baseline defined as first recorded value) was summarized for serum transaminase and serum lipid parameters.
Summaries included observed values, changes, and percentage changes from baseline and Wilcoxon sign rank analysis-based P values for changes and percentage changes from baseline for each interval. Percentages of patients whose last value in an interval fell above, below, or within normal limits were also provided. Standardized, normal ranges were based on a central lab (if appropriate reference ranges were stratified by age and/or sex). Upper limit of normal values for ALT and AST were selected based on age and sex, set by the central laboratory (based on sex and age) used in a phase 3 study of an investigational enzyme replacement for LAL D (clinicaltrials. gov NCT No. 01757184).
What Is New Current data support previous findings that lysosomal acid lipase deficiency is characterized by progressive hepatic dysfunction, often leading to liver transplantation. Hepatic histology with steatosis, often accompanied by fibrosis and cirrhosis, is common. Elevated levels of low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol or low levels of high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol along with elevated transaminases represent a potential means for identifying lysosomal acid lipase deficiency earlier in the diagnostic workup. In the substudy, the MN for each patient's liver and spleen was calculated by dividing organ volume (in liters) by expected normal value, defined as 2. 5% of the patient's body weight (kilograms) for the liver, and 0. 2% of the patient's body weight (kilograms) for the spleen.
Enrollment and Demographics Between June 17, 2011 and January 9, 2013, a total of 49 patients were enrolled. Forty of the 49 patients were identified from a questionnaire-based survey, and 9 were previously undiagnosed patients. Forty-eight patients had a confirmed diagnosis and were included in the FAS; 52% and 48% of patients were included in the DI set and LLM set, respectively. The 1 deceased patient at the time of the study underwent an allogeneic blood stem cell transplant followed by a liver transplant in her 16th year of life. She had ''steroid-induced diabetes'' posttransplant with a ''cushingoid'' appearance and died at 17. 6 years of age due to H1N1 infection. Twenty-seven (56%) patients were <20 years old; 8 (17%) were <10 years old. Longitudinal patient data were collected during a median of 12.
Family History and Genetic Testing A total of 38% of the patients had a sibling with LAL D. Two sets of siblings were included in the study. One set were nonidentical twins, one of whom had received a liver transplant at age 9. 6 years. The second set included 3 siblings (28. 5-year-old twins and a 32. 8-year-old sibling). LIPA mutation data were available in 19 patients (supplemental Table  1 , http://links. lww. com/MPG/ A534). Eighty-four percent of patients had !1 copy of the c. 894G>A mutations (also known as Exon 8 splice junction mutation), 4 (21%) were homozygous for c. 894G>A (3 were siblings), and 12 (63%) were heterozygous.
Intravital Microscopy for Dox and Liposome Retention in B16BL6 Tumors DiD-labelled TSL or CTSL containing Dox were injected i. v. (5 mg/kg Dox) and let to circulate in the blood stream for 5 h in order to allow for liposome targeting to tumor vasculature. After the targeting phase, HT at 42°C for 1 h was applied to trigger drug release from the liposomes. Mice were observed by confocal microscopy (Zeiss LSM 510 META) up to 120 h after injection of Dox-TSL or Dox-CTSL in order to visualize Dox and liposome clearance from the tumor. Images of 1024×1024 pixels were analyzed using Zeiss LSM image software (Zeiss, Germany), 10× objective lens. Doxorubicin fluorescence was detected by a 543 nm Helium -Neon laser and DiD fluorescence by 613 nm nm Helium -Neon laser.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS AND DISCLOSURES We thank  Sandra Bosch  and  Prof. Holger Grüll ,  Philips Research Eindhoven, NL  for support in the pharmacokinetic and biodistribution studies. Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4. 0 International License (http://creativecommons. org/licenses/by/4. 0/),which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.
NUMERICAL MODELLING E calculations on a TBC with an irregular TC/BC interface were done using FE software ANSYS (ANSYS, Inc. , Canonsburg, USA). The multilayer infinite-plate model consisted of (i) a nickel-base superalloy substrate, (ii) a generic MCrAlY bond coat, (iii) a single continuous α-alumina TGO layer, and (iv) an YSZ top coat having the following thicknesses: tsubstrate = 25 mm, tBC = tTC = 200 m and tTGO = 0 and 3 m (the intermediate stable growing state). All layers were assumed to be isotropic homogeneous materials with the ideal elastic (substrate, TGO, TC) or the F elastic-ideally plastic (BC) behavior. Material properties were obtained from references  [10, 11]  and the in-house database and they reflect the internal porosity of the YSZ top coat (the stiffness of 15 GPa is assumed being more than an order of magnitude smaller than the Young's modulus of dense YSZ of 210 GPa).
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS. Slámečka,  P. Skalka ,  L. Čelko , and  J. Pokluda  acknowledge the financial support provided in the frame of the projects ( GA 15-20991S ) by the  Czech Science Foundation  project and " CEITEC -Central European Institute of Technology " ( CZ. 1. 05/1. 1. 00/02. 0068 )by  European Regional Development Fund. L. Saucedo-Mora  and  T. J. Marrow  acknowledge the support of the  UK EPSRC  project " QUBE: Quasi-Brittle  fracture: a  3D Experimentallyvalidated approach " ( EP/J019992/1 ).
MRI Data Acquisition and Preprocessing All MRI data were T1-weighted (SPGR) sequences, acquired on General Electric whole-body magnet systems at the same magnet strength (1. 5T). The different parameters in acquisition protocols among sites are listed in Table  2. As described previously (Le  Berre et al. , 2014) , the data from the two countries were pooled, preprocessed and analyzed together at the U. S. site using a single, common quantification     approach, an atlas-based parcellation procedure  (Rohlfing et al. , 2010).