dataesr/scientific-paragraphs-categorization huggingface dataset:
| Mitochondrial respiration The oxygen consumption rate (OCR) was measured with a Seahorse XFe24 Analyzer (Agilent). Cells were plated in Seahorse 24-well assay plates in complete medium, and after 2 hr of cell attachment the medium was replaced with XF base medium supplemented with 10 mM glucose, 4 mM L-glutamine and 1 mM sodium pyruvate (pH 7. 4). The plates were incubated for an additional 1 hr at 37°C in a non-CO 2 incubator. The wells of a hydrated sensor cartridge were then loaded with 1 µM oligomycin (port A), 1 µM carbonyl cyanide 4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenylhydrazone (FCCP) (port B) and 1 µM antimycin A + 1 µM rotenone (port C). Data were analysed using the Seahorse Wave software.
Objective To examine the relative impact of three management options in patients aged <60 years with cryptogenic stroke and a patent foramen ovale (PFO): PFO closure plus antiplatelet therapy, antiplatelet therapy alone and anticoagulation alone. Design Systematic review and network meta-analysis (NMA) supported by complementary external evidence. Data sources Medline, EMBASE and Cochrane CENTRAL. study selection Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) addressing PFO closure and/or medical therapies in patients with PFO and cryptogenic stroke. review methods We conducted an NMA complemented with external evidence and rated certainty of evidence using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) system. results Ten RCTs in eight studies proved eligible (n=4416).
Open access corresponding authors of the included RCTs requesting outcome data when it was missing or could not, as presented in the public domain, be included in meta-analytic estimates. The patient-important outcomes we considered included ischaemic stroke, death, major bleeding, persistent atrial fibrillation or flutter, transient or paroxysmal atrial fibrillation, device or procedure related adverse events, pulmonary embolism, transient ischaemic attacks (TIAs) and systemic embolism. For serious device or procedure-related complications, two independent clinician reviewers categorised the specific serious adverse events in the primary studies as probably related or unrelated to the device or implantation procedure; reviewers resolved disagreement with, if necessary, input from a third reviewer.
We therefore performed a secondary analysis that also included RCT evidence from other conditions (VTE, heart failure and atrial fibrillation). For ischaemic stroke, we digitised Kaplan-Meier curves and extracted patient-level time-to-event data. 32 For illustrative purposes, we present the individual patient data by treatment arm (PFO closure plus antiplatelet therapy, antiplatelet therapy alone, anticoagulation and medical therapy left to the discretion of the treating physician). Each enrolled patient contributed equally to the survival curves.
Acknowledgements The authors would like to thank members of the BMJ Rapid Recommendations panel for critical feedback on outcome selection, subgroup selection, GRADE judgements and manuscript feedback. The authors would also like to thank  Rachel Couban  for helping develop the search strategy. Contributors GHG and RACS conceived the study idea. HM performed the literature search and data analysis. HM, RACS, TA, GHG, POV interpreted the data analysis. HM, RACS and GHG wrote the first draft of the manuscript. TS, LL and MF acquired data and judged risk of bias in the studies. FF extracted patient level survival data from  Kaplan-Meier  curves. LG provided statistical advice. RACS, GHG, TA, POV, TK,  J-LM  and MF critically reviewed the manuscript. HM had full access to all of the data in the study and takes responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis.
Trial design This trial was a 28-day, 3-arm parallel-group (allocation ratio 1:1:1), double-blind, randomized, placebocontrolled, monocenter study that was preceded by a 14-day run-in period. The study was conducted in full accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and good clinical practice (GCP) standards  17, 18  and was registered at ClinicalTrials. gov (NCT02189707) and with French health authorities (ID-RCB 2014-A00166-41). The protocol and informed consent forms were approved by Comit e de Protection des Personnes Sud-Est III (Lyon, FR) on June 24, 2014 and by Agence Nationale de S ecurit e du M edicament et des Produits de Sant e (ANSM) on July 3, 2014. The protocol had 2 nonsubstantial amendments for reviewing the stratification by sex, requested on November 4, 2014 and March 10, 2015, respectively.
At the third visit, participants were assessed for their compliance with the treatment, consumption of radio-opaque markers, and completion of records; answered constipation-specific and ancillary questionnaires; completed a product satisfaction questionnaire; were measured for weight; and underwent the final abdominal x-ray. The study was conducted at Eurofins Optimed SAS (Gi eres, FR) under the supervision of Mathilde Latreille-Barbier, MD, acting as principal investigator. The x-rays were taken at Centre d'Imagerie M edicale Gustave Rivet (Grenoble, FR) by Eric Escolano, MD, a radiology specialist. The study was sponsored by DuPont Nutrition and Health (Kantvik, FI), represented by Alvin Ibarra, PhD, and Arthur C. Ouwehand, PhD, acting as study coordinators.
Randomization, allocation, and implementation Participants were randomized with computer-generated block randomization lists to 1 of 3 product groups in equal proportions-3 products per block-using SAS version 9. 3 (SAS Institute Inc. , NC, US). The allocation was stratified by sex, allowing for at least 20% males; the treatment group was balanced per the stratification update of the protocol amendments. All products were labeled with 5-digit numbers and additional information on the study, product storage, and emergency contacts. Tad Stuart, the representative from DuPont Nutrition and Health (Madison, WI, US), was responsible for the product manufacturing and label allocation and had no other involvement in the trial. Run-in placebo and treatment products were coded using separate sets, but only the 3 treatment products followed the set that was assigned by the randomization list.
Pill boxes for the run-in period contained 20 capsules, and those for the treatment groups contained 35 capsules of the study products. The program for generating the randomization list was written and validated by 2 statisticians at Eurofins Optimed SAS (Gi eres, FR). The pharmacist at Eurofins Optimed SAS was the sole researcher who kept the codes blinded during the study. Blinded codes were stored in individual envelopes.
Blinding The personnel at the study site and representatives from the sponsor that was in charge of coordinating the study were provided only with the 5-digit numbers of the study products and remained blinded to the identities of the 3 treatment products and group allocation. Participants remained blinded to their treatment allocation, even during the run-in period. Radio-opaque marker counts were recorded by a single board-certified radiologist who remained blinded to the treatment assignments. Copies of the individual sealed envelopes containing unblinded codes for each participant were available to the principal investigator. Investigators and study staff remained blinded to the treatment assignments until the database was locked. The treatments and placebo capsules and their contents were identical in appearance, texture, and taste.
Statistical methods The intention-to-treat (ITT) population included all participants who were randomized at the second visit and consumed at least 1 dose of the study product, and the per-protocol (PP) subset was defined during the blind data review before the database was frozen. Participants who were eligible to be in the PP population were those who attended the end-of-study visit, received at least 80% of the assigned study product, and consumed 100% of the radio-opaque markers on time during the intervention. A CONSORT diagram was constructed to illustrated the flow of participants through the study, beginning with the initial recruitment and eligibility assessment. 19 Summary statistics of the baseline data were compiled by the study group and on all participants for each population, using means and SDs for continuous variables and frequencies and percentages for categorical variables.
"  38 For example, a recent study indicated that inulin enhances stool frequency by 1 BMF/week,  39  which might have prompted this health claim approval. With regard to the other parameters that were recorded in the diaries, all treatments, including placebo, relieved constipation. Only degree of straining differed significantly, declining with high-dose HN019 versus placebo at Day 28 in the BMF 3/ week subpopulation; but, there were no differences in the changes from baseline to the end of the study between these groups. There are conflicting data on the typical baseline straining values for participants who are enrolled per Rome III criteria for functional constipation: studies have reported higher,  30, 40, 41  similar,  42, 43  and lower  44  levels compared with us. However, our population was less constipated, according to the complete bowel emptying, abdominal pain, and bloating scores.
Acknowledgments The authors participated in the preparation and revision of the manuscript and gratefully acknowledge help from the  personnel of E. I. DuPont de Nemours & Co. and  Eurofins Optimed SAS. Special thanks to  Tad Stuart ,  Angela Paulsen ,  Myriam Mouhib , and  Laure Anne Giannone. The study team acknowledges the high adherence of the participants to the study protocol.
Data were analyzed using a classical analysis of variance (ANOVA) method, taking into account the main effect and first order interactions. Sensitivity indices were then computed, one for each parameter, and one for the interactions between parameter pairs  (74). These indices reflected the proportion of variance in the model outputs induced by the variation of the parameter (or parameter pair) values. Parameters were finally ranked from the most influential to the least one. Sensitivity analysis was performed using the R statistical software (R version 3. 2. 3) with the package "aov"  (73).
This preliminary and theoretical approach needs to be refined with country, or even local-specific entomological data to take into account complex seasonality patterns and potential seasonal viral extinction that may occur in temperate sub-regions such as Northern Vietnam for instance. Secondly, and in absence of Southeast Asian data, pig breeding parameters, such as litter size or time spent in nursery, were extracted from French reports, and may not be absolutely consistent with SEA pig performances. The sensitivity analyses showed that litter size had few or no influence on the model outputs. Other parameters of the model that set the time ranges of sow production cycle and piglets grow steps, are strongly linked to pig biology. Nevertheless, gestation and suckling duration may be slightly different is SEA than in Europe.
Recent uses of deep convolutional neural networks have demonstrated great performance and robustness on big datasets with large variations in pose and illumination. Rothe et al. [25]  proposed to use the ConvNet VGG-16  [31]  pretrained on the ImageNet database for image classification. Thereafter, they finetuned it with a database of 500k celebrity faces to estimate biological age. Finally, they finetuned it again on the database of the ChaLearn LAP 2015 challenge which they won. In view of the current state of art and our constraints, we base our work on the Active Appearance Model to simulate facial aging (Section 2. 1 p. 3), to which we incorporate a specific channel to fully integrate wrinkles (Section 2. 2 p. 4); in this subspace, computed aging trajectories will take into account shape, appearance and wrinkles, differing from other methods which use classic AAM and add a post-processing step to include wrinkles.
Active appearance model Active Appearance Model  [6]  is a statistical model which creates a subspace modelling appearance and shape variations in an annotated dataset of faces. For shape, we put landmarks on key points, and afterwards, a Procrustean analysis is performed to align shapes on the mean shape using translation, rotation and homothety. Appearance information is then computed by warping every image into the mean shape, using each individual annotation. After that, according to the AAM algorithm, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is carried out separately for shape and appearance, and a final PCA is made on the concatenation of shape weights and appearance weights. This creates a subspace, which models variations present in the dataset of shape and appearance (see Fig. 1 ). Because the PCA has the advantage of being perfectly invertible, we can reconstruct a shape and an appearance from any point in the newly created subspace.
Analyzing results In this section, we first present examples of aged and rejuvenated faces resulting from our model (Section 3. 1), and after that we quantify the correlation between age progressed faces and the perception of these faces by an independent age estimation algorithm (Section 3. 2). We show that our system is better correlated with the perception of age than the classic AAM (Section 3. 2. 2). Our database consists of 400 Caucasian women taken in 2014, in frontal pose with a neutral expression and with the same lightning (Fig. 12 ). All faces are resized to 667 × 1000 resolution and annotated with 270 landmarks to locate eyes, mouth, nose, and facial contour. In addition, 5 landmarks are placed on each wrinkle. Each face has been rated by 30 untrained raters to obtain a precise perceived age; perceived ages in the dataset range from 43 to 85 years with an average of 69 years.
Age estimation As in  [25] , we employ a pre-trained VGG-16 CNN  [31]  to create a face representation less sensitive to pose and illumination : we feed a picture as input where the face has been cropped and the representation produced is the output from block5 pool, the last pooling output. Afterwards, a Ridge regression is made in a 40-fold manner. As seen on Fig. 14 , we obtain a R 2 score of 0. 92 and an average absolute error and maximum absolute error of respectively, 2. 8 years and 13. 7 years. On the very same database, the average human.
Study design and definition This is a retrospective registry-based analysis on behalf of the ALWP of EBMT. The EBMT is a non-profit, scientific society representing more than 600 transplant centers mainly in Europe that are required to report all consecutive stem cell transplantations and follow-ups once a year. Data are entered, managed, and maintained in a central database with internet access; each EBMT center is represented in this database. Audits are routinely performed to determine the accuracy of the data. Patients provide informed consent authorizing the use of their personal information for research purposes. Eligibility criteria included all adults ≥ 60 years with AML, who underwent a first allo-SCT between January 2007 and December 2014, using either a 10/10 MUD or Haplo from a family donor (recipient-donor number of mismatches ≥ 2).
A multivariate analysis was performed using Cox proportional hazards model. Variables were included in the multivariate model if they were conceptually important or if they approached or attained statistical significance by univariate analysis. All tests are two-sided. The type I error rate was fixed at 0. 05 for determination of factors associated with time to event. In order to test for a center effect, we introduced a random effect or frailty for each center into the model. Statistical analyses were performed with the SPSS 22 (SPSS Inc. /IBM, Armonk, NY, USA) and R 3. 2. 3 (R Development Core Team, Vienna, Austria) software package. To allow for potential confounding factors between treatments that could influence outcome, propensity score matching was also performed  [35]. The following factors were included in the propensity score model: patient age, year of transplant, cytogenetics, status at transplant (Tx), sex, female donor to male recipient vs other combinations, Karnofsky performance status less or more than 90%, patient and donor CMV serology, stem cell source (peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) vs BM), use of in vivo T-cell depletion, conditioning (MAC vs RIC), and previous autograft.
Conclusions Given our results, we confirm that Haplo-SCT is a valid option in fit AML patients ≥ 60 years, especially in patients in first complete remission, with intermediate/high cytogenetic risk. The rapid availability of Haplo donor and the possible use in further strategies of immunotherapy make this donor source very attractive for high-risk patients. A prospective clinical trial (ClinicalTrials. gov Identifier NCT02623309) comparing Haplo vs MUD in elderly patients without MRD is ongoing to address efficacy, safety, and the evaluation of quality of life. The results of this trial could help in clarifying the role of alternative donors in the elderly, to provide better cure in this high-risk population.
Study Design This was a naturalistic, prospective, controlled trial (treatment vs care as usual). All subjects volunteered to participate in exercise classes or supplementation programs. The sample size was estimated using adjusted ANOVA for repeated measures effects using the G*Power software (version 3. 1. 9. 2). Alpha (type I error rate) was set at 0. 05, and power (type II error rate) at 0. 85 with the inclusion of forty participants revealing sufficient power.
Participants Forty-eight older women (83. 5±6. 9 year old) participated in the study and were allocated into four groups: a combined exercise training (CET: n=13), supplementation with taurine (TAU: n=12), a group undergoing CET plus supplementation (CET+TAU: n=11), and a control group receiving care as usual (CG: n=12). Details of the experiment design are presented in Figure  1  and the participants characteristics are shown in Table  1. All of them completed and signed an informed consent form prior to their enrolment in the study. After obtaining this consent, data was collected regarding biosocial, global health and general medical history with the medical staff of the nursing home. To be eligible for the study, participants needed to fulfil the following criteria: being a woman living in a nursing home support centre; age > 60 years; capacity to practice exercise without causing harm to themselves with approval of the medical department.
Data Collection All baseline evaluations were performed during the morning, two weeks before the beginning of the interventions. Evaluations occurred on separated days, beginning with the assessments of the anthropometric measures, the cognitive profile, and the hand-grip test. Collection of blood samples was done on a separate day by a registered nurse. The participants were warned two days in advance for the need to wear appropriate clothes, to avoid ingestion of alcohol and caffeine, and to maintain their sleeping habits. All data collection was done by a staff member and an assistant, and took place individually in a separate and quiet room (with adequate light and temperature) to maintain the participants' privacy. To avoid interference of tester variability in data collection, each participant was always evaluated by the same staff members at the same time of day.
The coefficient for each variable was obtained from the adjusted model with the lowest p value. Comparison between groups at baseline were performed using one-way ANOVA. Additionally, univariate analysis for within groups comparisons in were done using the student ttests for paired samples. To report the strength of the exercise interventions, the effect size (pointbiserial correlation, r pb ) was calculated and converted to standardized Cohen's d changes in means, categorized as trivial (d<0. 2), small (d≥ 0. 2 to ≤ 0. 6), moderate (d≥ 0. 6 to ≤ 1. 2), large (d≥ 1. 2 to ≤ 2. 0), very large (d≥ 2. 0 to ≤ 4. 0) and nearly perfect (d > 4. 0)  (Hopkins et al. 2009). All statistical analysis were performed using SPSS (IBM, Statistics, version 23) and level of significance was set at p<0. 05.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The authors would like to thank the institution that accepted to participate in the study:  Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Cantanhede , were this project was developed, and to all staff who volunteering help during all procedures. The authors would also like to thank the students  Carla Cristóvão ,  Fábio Direito ,  Tais Rieping  and  Nelba Souza  for help with exercise implementation and data collection. The authors declare that the results of this study are presented clearly, honestly, and without fabrication, falsification, or inappropriate data manipulation, with no conflict of interest.
g. HCC attributed to NAFLD / NASH) (Supplement, Table  2 ). National estimates for adult prevalence of obesity (BMI≥25 kg/m 2 for China and Japan; BMI≥30 kg/m 2 for other countries) and DM were also used in the analysis to estimate underlying trends in NAFLD incidence (Supplement, Table  2 ). In addition to the literature search, a Delphi process was used in which experts from each country were interviewed to identify critical modeling inputs and review model outputs against estimates of disease burden (Supplement, Table  1 ). Input data were typically collected during different time frames, so modeling was used to calibrate to reported years of data collection. The model tracked each country's NAFLD population by fibrosis stage and NASH status (steatosis only or NASH). Progression of disease through fibrosis and liver disease stages (Supplement, Figure  1 ) was estimated with adjustment for all-cause mortality (including general background mortality, excess cardiovascular mortality, and liver-related mortality).
Mortality: For each country, background mortality rates by age and gender were based on historical and medium fertility variant projected estimates for total deaths from the United Nations population database  [29]  divided by population estimates by age group and gender from the same database  [29]. Background rates were adjusted to account for incremental increased mortality related to cardiovascular disease (CVD). A range of estimates have been reported for excess mortality among NAFLD cases, with some studies demonstrating little increase and others suggesting that cardiovascular mortality is significantly elevated as compared to the non-NAFLD population  [31] [32] [33] [34]. A standard mortality ratio of 1. 15 was applied to all background mortality rates in all years of the model with an input range of 1.
Acknowledgements: We thank  Dr. George Lau  (The  Institute of Translational Hepatology, Beijing 302 Hospital, Beijing, China; Humanity and Health GI and Liver Centre, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR ) for input and contributions. 2030 through prevention and treatment. Efforts to mitigate disease burden are critical, and should be linked to strategies for curbing the growth of obesity and DM at both the national and global levels.
Antibodies and Reagents Rabbit polyclonal antibody against PANX1 was purchased from Sigma (HPA016930, St. Louis, MO, USA). Rabbit polyclonal anti-PANX2 was purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (sc-133880, Santa Cruz, CA, USA). Mouse monoclonal anti-PANX3 was from R&D Systems (MAB8169, Minneapolis, MN, USA). Mouse monoclonal anti-GAPDH antibody (5G4) was supplied by HyTest (Turku, Finland). Goat polyclonal HRP-conjugated secondary antibodies anti-Mouse and anti-Rabbit were from Agilent Dako (P044701-2, Santa Clara, CA, USA) and Sigma (A0545), respectively. Goat polyclonal Alexa Fluor 568-conjugated antibodies (anti-Mouse) were purchased from Molecular Probes, Thermo Fisher Scientific (A-11011, Waltham, MA, USA). FITC-Phalloidin (F432) and DAPI (D3571) were from Molecular Probes, Thermo Fisher Scientific.