dataesr/scientific-paragraphs-categorization huggingface dataset:
Procedure The data have been collected through several steps by two experimenters rigorously trained who were present in all classes during the passations. They trained the children according a written protocol in order to ensure that the design model was the same in all conditions. Firstly, at the beginning of the school year, all children were submitted to the tests aimed at determining individual performances in handwriting, spelling, and short-term memory verbal. Secondly, some weeks later, they were trained to name all the pictures and to read all the words. Thirdly, some days before the experiment, children were trained with lists of words or images different from those used in the experiment, so that they knew exactly what was being asked of them. They were provided several examples of slide-shows different from those used in the experiment under the different conditions (i.
These groups are appropriately the focus for several clinical trials, with the US Intergroup S1608 being one example of a trial specifically comparing chemo-immunotherapy against two biological doublets in patients with progression of disease within 24 months of initial chemo-immunotherapy (NCT03269669). Adding to the complexity, there is a middle group of patients, described by Qualls and Salles,  3  in whom relapse is neither early nor yet refractory. The challenge here is that we have a myriad of options ranging from anti-CD20 antibodies alone, chemo-immunotherapy, immunomodulatory agents, phosphoinositide-3 kinase inhibitors, an EZH2 inhibitor, transplantation and even cellular therapy. We have no data on sequencing, minimal comparative data, and no inclusion of precision approaches with the exception of better outcomes for patients with EZH2mutated FL treated with tazemetostat (as compared to patients without the EZH2 mutation).
] [9]  First, the t(14;18) rearrangement, long known as a hallmark lesion, is insufficient for FL and is present in a significant portion of the normal population. Second, FL progression occurs via divergent evolution from a common progenitor cell. This critical observation may underlie the inability of our current tools to eradicate (or cure!) the disease. A reservoir population of common progenitor cells may account for the eventual resurgence of disease, even when there is clinical evidence of a complete remission. Third, sequencing of large databases of FL patients has identified epigenetic deregulation as a consistent and early event, with mutations involving KMT2D, CREBBP, H1 histones, EZH2, and EP300 collectively occurring in the majority of patients. Finally, FL biology and clinical behavior appear heavily reliant on the tumor microenvironment and immune composition.
Methods According to French law, any serious cases of abuse and dependence involving psychoactive substances (with the exception of alcohol and tobacco) must be reported by health professionals to the FAN. The FAN consists of 13 addictovigilance centers implemented in university hospital throughout France. Practitioners from the FAN are pharmacologists who answer to health professionals about the risks of psychoactive substances use, who investigate spontaneous reports (SRs) to complete and analyze them in order to identify or confirm public health signals. After their analysis, SRs are recorded over time in the addictovigilance database by respecting the anonymity of the patients and the notifiers. We identified all SRs of AEs related to recreational cannabis use during pregnancy collected by the FAN between January 1, 2011 and January 31, 2021 (excluding cannabidiol and synthetic cannabinoids).
All cases were reviewed by an expert pharmacologist. The addictovigilance database was approved by the French Data Protection Agency (CNIL), and data were recorded anonymously, therefore there was no direct clinical responsibility for patients, no required informed consent and no research ethics committee approval. Events were classified in three categories: maternal, fetal and neonatal events. They were coded using the Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities (MedDRA). According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) and the International Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD-10), abuse was defined as an excessive and intentional use, occasional or persistent with harmful physical and/or psychological effects and dependence as a craving, an inability to reduce or control cannabis use despite health problems caused by its use, a withdrawal syndrome, a phenomenon of tolerance resulting in a consumption of larger amounts that were intended or spending a lot of time to get, use or recover from effects  10, 11.
In some cases, toxicological tests were performed in the context of medical care. The analysis of congenital malformations focused on cases exposed to cannabis at least in the first trimester of pregnancy. The analysis of neonatal withdrawal syndromes focused on cases exposed to cannabis at least in the third trimester of pregnancy. To describe the evolution of reports, the percentage of all SRs on cannabis use during pregnancy among the total number of national SRs was calculated for each year. The rate of reported cases per 100,000 live births was estimated using the French national institute of statistics and economic studies (Institut National de la Statistique et des Etudes Economiques-INSEE) data on live births  13. The characteristics of cannabis pregnant users, cannabis use during pregnancy and the main AEs were described and then compared between two groups exposed to "cannabis alone or in association with tobacco" and "cannabis and others psychoactive substances/medicinal products".
Characteristics of SRs. A total of 271 SRs of one or more events involving cannabis use during pregnancy were included in the study. They occurred in 242 pregnancies, some of them concerning both the mother and the fetus and/or the newborn. The proportion of SRs involving cannabis use during pregnancy represented a small proportion of the total national SRs. It significantly increased from 0. 16% in 2011 to 1. 10% in 2020 (p < 0. 001). This corresponds to a notified rate multiplied by 7 whereas the total national number of SRs increased by around 2. 5-fold over the same period (data not shown). The estimated reporting rate of SRs related to cannabis use dur-Characteristics of pregnant women. The mean age of pregnant women was 27. 8 years (range 16-44 years) and three were minors. A history of substance abuse was reported in 59.
Data availability The datasets generated or analyzed during the current study are not publicly available due to restrictions. According to the French Laws (Articles R. 5132-113, R5132-114) each case was recorded in the French Addictovigilance database, in an anonymous format and are under the authority of the French National Agency for Medicines and Health Products Safety (ANSM). The corresponding author will on request detail the restrictions and any conditions under which access to some data may be provided. Received: 3 May 2022; Accepted: 25 August 2022.
Funding This work was supported by grants from the  ANR , RiboStress  17-CE12-0026-01 , MetRibo  ANR-20-CE12-0024-01 , and a Ph. D. fellowship from  CNRS  to EM-D ( UMR5096-JULSAE-004 ). This study is set within the framework of the  "Laboratoires d'Excellences (LABEX) "  TULIP  ( ANR-10-LABX-41 ) and of the  "Ecole Universitaire de Recherche (EUR) "  TULP-GS  ( ANR-18-EURE-00019 ).
Diagnosis was systematically obtained by percutaneous fine-needle aspiration. For each patient, a multidisciplinary tumor board validated surgical management. As recommended, every patient underwent induction treatment consisting of four cycles of a cisplatin-based doublet chemotherapy with concurrent radiation. The staging was reviewed prior to surgery to confirm operability. Inclusion criteria were histologic diagnosis of non-small cell lung cancer, no clinical N2 disease, no distant metastases, radiological criteria for spine invasion and neo adjuvant therapy. Exclusion criteria were diagnoses other than primary lung cancer, unresectable tumor, performance status higher than two and disease progression after induction treatment. The following data were extracted: demographics, medical history, smoking history, symptoms at diagnosis, neo-adjuvant and adjuvant therapy, date and type of surgery, periand post-operative complications using Clavien classification, post-operative lung cancer staging, recurrence and final outcome.
Statistical Analysis The population was described globally, then both "one step surgery" and "two steps surgery" groups were described separately. Data were summarized with frequency and percentage for qualitative variables and median [interquartile range] for continuous variables. A survival analysis was performed using Kaplan-Meier methods. Overall survival and progression-free survival were analyzed and date of surgery was considered as baseline. Analyses were performed using R software version 4. 0. 3.
Aim: The aim was to define the risk factors for acute urinary retention (AUR) and urinary tract infections (UTIs) in colon or high rectum anastomosis patients based on the absence of a urinary catheter (UC) or the early removal of the UC (<24 h). Method: This is a multicentre, international retrospective analysis of a prospective database including all patients undergoing colon or high rectum anastomoses. Patients were part of the enhanced recovery programme audit, developed by the Francophone Group for Enhanced Recovery after Surgery, and were included if no UC was inserted or if a UC was inserted for <24 h. Results: In all, 9389 patients had colon or high rectum anastomoses using laparoscopy, open surgery or robotic surgery. Among these patients, 4048 were excluded because the UC was left in place >24 h (43.
Collected data All data were collected prospectively in order to make the audit recommended in all ERPs. Data collected included the following: • demographic characteristics: gender, age, body mass index (BMI), American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score, nature of the pathology (cancer vs. benign), neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy; • perioperative management, defined as the percentage of compliance with the ERP. The items used to check compliance with the ERP were preoperative concealing, preoperative premedication, reduced fasting, preoperative carbohydrates, mini-invasive access, perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis, prevention of hypothermia, multimodal analgesia, prevention of nausea, avoiding unnecessary drainage, surgical drainage, perioperative injection of dexamethasone, adapted fluid loading, ablation of the infusion before postoperative day 3, postoperative multimodal analgesia, thromboprophylaxis, mobilization and feeding on the day of surgery; • use of epidural analgesia.
Description of the population The database contained information on 12 706 patients. Of these, 322 patients were excluded due to a lack of details regarding the occurrence of AUR or UTI (2. 5%). Another 2772 patients were excluded because low or mid-rectal surgery was performed (21. 8%) and 223 were excluded because they had elective surgeries that did not require laparoscopic or open surgery (1. 7%). The remaining 9389 patients had undergone colon or high rectum anastomosis through either laparoscopy, open or robotic surgery (Figure  1 ). Among these patients, 97 were excluded because there was no information on the UC management (1%) and 4048 were excluded because the UC was left in place >24 h (43. 1%). In all, the data of 5244 patients were analysed: 2765 patients had a UC installed for the short term (52.
DISCUSS ION Despite recommendations to remove the UC early, 43% of patients in our cohort still had a UC in place for >24 h. This is significantly more than the 24%-30% of UCs left in place reported in the literature  [2, 9]. We are unable to explain this difference; it highlights the importance of providing strong evidence in order to standardize practice and to manage the UC in the best manner possible, especially within the ERP setting. As this was a retrospective study based on a prospective database, we were unable to determine the reasons why the UC was left in place. Most of the patients kept the UC because it was part of that particular hospital's ERP, although some patients may have kept the UC as the surgeon felt that they may have been at risk of AUR. This led to a bias that should be taken in account when interpreting the results, as it could lead to an underestimation of the incidence of AUR in our population.
Some UCs can be installed to collect urine samples in order to assess the fluid loading. There was no information on the timing of AUR. AUR can occur immediately after surgery and could be considered as primary but it could also occur postoperatively after a few days and be associated with postoperative ileus or intrapelvic complications  [6]. Finally, some of the patients might have had emergency surgery, something that is not identified by the GRACE audit database. Despite these biases, this study allows strong conclusions to be made on the feasibility of the early removal and abstention of UCs, and it provides some information in order to build randomized controlled studies. Further studies will have to determine if, compared to ≤24 h or >24 h UC, the abstention of UC placement improves the comfort of the patient or if it leads to increased unplanned UC placement during surgery or to increased problems during hospitalization.
settings. No placement of UC could be considered in young female patients with ASA score <2. E TH I C A L A PPROVA L The database was approved by the French National Data Protection Authority (2014#1817711). AUTH O R CO NTR I B UTI O N S Conception: AV, JFH, KS. Planning: JFH, AV, KS. Carrying out: AV, JFH, JG, EC, JMR, JJ, KS. Analysis: AV, JFH, JG. Writing up: AV, JFH, KS. Critically revising manuscript for important intellectual content: AV, JFH, JG, EC, JMR, JJ, KS. Final approval of the version to be published: AV, JFH, JG, EC, JMR, JJ, KS.
The new formula was designed by Borrini ( ), and the procedures described in the present research have been extensively applied during a PhD project carried out at Liverpool John Moores University to allow the craniometric analysis of skulls from two British medieval sites (Poulton, Cheshire, and loucester, Gloucestershire). The cranial reconstruction improved the collection from loucester by , reassembling skulls completely fragmented, while the Poulton collection has been improved by (an additional reconstructed skulls have been included). urthermore, they were largely applied in di erent scenarios at the University of Florence, allowing the complete reconstruction of skulls from archaeological excavations of di erent periods (Prehistoric, Etruscan, Medieval, and Historical). The success of these reconstructions has been demonstrated by the publication of the data obtained from the di erent sites  (Borrini and iache i, ; Borrini et al.
Nevertheless, the degree the frontier shifts might mean efficiency convergence or divergence among shipping firms. Coefficient β, which depicts the effect of industry-level digital adoption on firm-level efficiency growth is of high importance. DA s,c,t embodies the portion of firms in divi- sion d and country c, which use a specific digital technology averaged over the period 2015-2020. The impact of distinct digital technologies has been measured in distinct identical regressions. Moreover, following  Andrews et al. (2018) , technologies combined effect has been measured employing a composite indicator of adoption, being built as the principal component of the five variables, signifying the implementation of different digital technologies. A question to answer here would be about the profile of shipping firms and divisions which mainly benefit after the adoption of digitalization and what might the prospective interconnection with other factors be.
Blended firm and industry-level information This study has merged a series of industry-level sources as far as routine intensity, digital adoption and occupational shortages are concerned, with firm-level data about efficiency growth. Information about digital adoption has been taken from the Eurostat "ICT usage in enterprises (isoc_e)" including country and industry components. Data given in this domain are collected on a yearly basis by the National Statistical Institutes or Ministries and are based on the annual Eurostat model questionnaires on ICT usage and e-commerce in enterprises. Furthermore, it supports measuring the implementation of one of the six priorities for the period 2019-2024 of European Commission-A Europe fit for the digital age. The coverage includes: ICT systems and their usage in enterprises, use of the Internet and other electronic networks by enterprises, e-commerce, e-business processes and organizational aspects, ICT competence in the enterprise and the need for ICT skills, barriers to the use of ICT, the Internet and other electronic networks, e-commerce and e-business processes, ICT security and trust, access to and use of the Internet and other network technologies for connecting objects and devices (Internet of Things), access to and use of technologies providing the ability to connect to the Internet or other networks from anywhere at any time (ubiquitous connectivity), use of Big data analysis, use of 3D printing, use of robotics, and use of Artificial Intelligence (Eurostat 2021).
The question arising here is about the subset of indicators to use. After carefully reading the literature, as well as the necessary documentation stemming from the European Commission (i. e. European Commission 2020), this study ended up following indicators similar to  Andrews et al. (2018) , and  Gal et al. (2019) , namely (1) Sophisticated Cloud Computing, (2) Broadband Internet Connection, (3) Enterprise Resource Planning, (4) Customer Relationship Management, and (5) Ecommerce Website. 6 Table  1  denotes the description of the above variables (digital solutions). The aforementioned variables come in annual data series, stemming from Eurostat comprehensive database (Digital economy and society statistics-households and individuals) and their coverage is from 2015 to 2020. Efficiency and other firm-level variables come from Bureau van Dijk, Orbis database (a Moody's Analytics company), based on the information structure steps depicted in  Gal (2013) ,  Gopinath et al.
(2017) , and  Andrews et al. (2018). A crucial issue to deal with was the data cleansing procedure to convert the financial data to a database appropriate for economic analysis. To ensure such, this study initially proceeded with comparability indications of nominal variables across countries and over timeframe, then received additional indicators, and of course kept solely shipping company accounts with valid and applicable information for this paper objective. The study acquired efficiency as a residual from measuring value-added based production tasks, for each detailed division independently, applying the control function methodology relying on transitional inputs to alleviate the endogeneity of input selections  (Wang 2018). The sample has been   2017 ), evolution of e-commerce websites and e-payments (as well as the digitalization of logistics) might allow additional SMEs to involve in international trade, enhancing trade development in the longer run.
For example, the growth of e-commerce websites in logistics has formulated novel prospects such as "carrier-to-marketplace partnerships and ocean freight platforms", allowing transporters and shipping lines to empower their asset employment and enhance supply chains. limited to shipping firms having an average of at least 10 employees to meet the reference group of the division-level digital adoption indicator. As far as the control variables at the industry level are concerned, the study of Pak and Schwellnus (2019) has been followed, who provide information of the routine content of occupations, based on the degree of independence and freedom in scheduling and establishing the duties to be accomplished on the occupation as a proxy for non-routine content. Moreover, the indicators measuring skill shortage and surplus rely on the OECD Skills for Jobs database (OECD 2018a) and are constructed on the basis of signals extracted from five sub-indices: wage growth, employment growth, hours worked growth, unemployment rate, and under-qualification growth.
The indicators encompass seven sets of skills, of which we use the following ones: (1) complex problem-solving skills, including complex problem solving, (2) technical skills, including operations analysis, technology design, equipment selection, installation programming, operation monitoring, operation and control, equipment maintenance, troubleshooting repairing, quality control analysis, (3) systems skills, including judgment and decision making, systems analysis, systems evaluation, and (4) resource management skills, including time management, management of financial resources, management of material resource, management of personnel resources. As the OECD Skills for Jobs database includes seven big sets of skills, we focused on skills that are expected to be most corresponding to a shipping firm digital adoption.
Our joint dataset extends over the EU 27 countries and 2 available divisions over 2015-2020 (Table  2 ). The digital technologies description has been displayed in Table  1. Additionally, in regard to the shipping firm-level variables, 'frontier growth' is denoted as the average growth of the top 5% shipping firms in each division-year cell, 'gap to frontier' means the shipping firms' lagged distance to the frontier, 'age' is the shipping firms' age, 'employees' defines the shipping firms' number of employees (log), and capex presents the capital expenditures (log). The efficiency gains from digital adoption seem greater in industries that are intensive in routine tasks. This validates that streamlining or automating routine assignments is one of the channels through which digital adoption enhances efficiency.
| Data collection To search for current trends in the PhD graduate career development, we reviewed findings from the most relevant studies on careers of doctorate holders in Europe. Several thematic areas were defined, such as employment rate of PhD holders, sector of employment, possible career paths and types of jobs for PhD holders, skills (mis)match, vertical and horizontal (mis)match, transition to a first employment position, job satisfaction, and added value of holding a PhD. We reviewed the following international studies: the OECD Careers of Doctorate Holders (OECD CDH, 2013) and the two recent surveys of doctorate holders by the European Science Foundation (ESF), the DocEnhance 2021 survey  (Boman et al. , 2021)  and the ESF 2017 survey  (ESF, 2017)  of PhD graduates at several European universities and other non-university research organisations.
TA B L E 1 Expert interview questions PhD holders do not only seem to enjoy a high employment rate, but the transition to employment after a PhD also appears to be relatively fast, with some variation by research field and sector of employment. The DocEnhance survey reports a high number (72%) of doctorate graduates already having a job at the time of completing their PhD, and another 15% needing only between one and three months to find employment. Only 4% reported waiting more than one year to find their first job after their doctorate  (Boman et al. , 2021). As for the sector of employment, the 2016 OECD data point to large variations across countries in the share of According to ESF surveys, the share of doctorate holders at universities and research organisations was between 48% and 62%, with 40% to 52% working across the various non-academic sectors.