dataesr/scientific-paragraphs-categorization huggingface dataset:
4 Yields are provided by crop for sample farms whereas variable costs are aggregate by item and farm. Variable expenses per crop are then estimated for each farm using regional statistics as benchmark to allocate aggregate cost items to individual crops in each farm by means of goal programming. The outputs of the model can be extrapolated to the regional level using weights (w f ) also provided by FADN, translating the representativeness of each farm in the whole region. Projecting the outputs of the agricultural model weighted for each simulated farm, maize aggregate supply curves are thus obtained in both regions. In our analysis, the original data correspond to year 2012. Consequently, we apply the above formulation for the year 2012. 1 Average value obtained from 2014 data of Camere di Commercio, Industria, Artigianato e Agricoltura della Lombardia (Lombardy Chambers of Commerce, Industry, Agriculture and Handicraft).
e. the data are chosen in order to be representative for this period. The geographical scope is the Lombardy region, i. e. the inventory data for biomass (e. g. composition, biochemical methane potential) and technology (e. g. efficiencies for the combustion engine, electricity and heat consumed by the anaerobic digestion process itself, etc. ) is specific for that region. The impact assessment (i. e. how substance flows are aggregated and related, through a given metric, to an impact category) follows the updated ILCD 2011 Midpoint recommended methods  [28]  and was facilitated by the LCA software SimaPro v. 8. 3. 0. Background (or generic) LCA data are based on the Ecoinvent v3. 3 database [29], while foreground (or system-specific) data are adapted from Italian/ Lombardy-specific data from the Italian biogas sector (e.
3. 3. Fig. 2  illustrates that the output products of the system (biogas-based electricity and the digestate as a source of organic fertilization) substitute for their marginal equivalents, which are thus avoided. The marginal electricity considered is based on the data from Ecoinvent v3. 3 for Italian electricity, while the marginal mineral fertilizers considered are ammonium nitrate, diammonium phosphate and potassium chloride, based on Hamelin et al. [35]. The avoided net mineral nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are calculated based on the digestate content in N, P, and K minus the raw manure content in N, P, and K. It is acknowledged that this leads to a slight overestimation, since part of the organic nutrients are often applied in excess under European conditions  [41]. The CO 2 uptake by silage maize has been considered as presented in  [43].
The integrated approach that we have adopted here is valuable, as it comprehensively and consistently estimates the economic and environmental consequences of competing policies. These consequences would not have been fully captured if only a silo approach -that does not integrate these two aspects -was used to capture these effects, which would not robustly support the identification of optimal policy instruments. It is also replicable in other contexts as the data set used relies on public databases and literature data. In order to minimize the Indirect Land-Use Change (ILUC) impacts, the revised Renewable Energy Directive constrains the contribution of food-based biofuels to fulfill the EU renewable energy target, starting at 7% in 2021 and decreasing progressively to 3. 8% in 2030. Thus, it is expected that the use of dedicated energy crops will be increasingly limited, due to sustainability considerations and support directed only to the use of waste and residues  [62] [63] [64] [65].
Isolation and growth conditions We isolated from the urine of a 59-year-old man treated with chronic haemodialysis for diabetic nephropathy, a potential new bacterial strain that could not be identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). The screening was performed on a Microflex LT spectrometer (Bruker Daltonics, Bremen, Germany), as previously described  [6]. Spectra obtained (Fig. 1 ) were imported and analysed using the BIOTYPER 3. 0 software against the Bruker database, which was continually incremented with local MEPHI database. The strain was isolated from a human urine sample, after 7 days growth on 5% sheep blood-enriched Columbia agar (bioMérieux, Marcy l'Etoile, France) at 37°C in an anaerobic atmosphere (anaeroGEN; Oxoid, Dardilly, France).
Phenotypic characteristics Microcolonies with mean diameter 0. 5 mm were entire edged, translucent, greyish and glistering. Cells were a Gram positive rod-shaped bacterium and were slightly curved, non-motile and non-spore-forming (Fig. 2 ). The Strain Marseille-P2802 exhibited neither catalase nor oxidase activities http://www. mediterranee-infection. com/article. php?larub=280&titre=umrs -database  [7]. A comparative study of the biochemical characteristics of this strain with other closely related Varibaculum species is presented in Table  1. The biochemical characteristics of the Marseille-P2802 T strain obtained using the API ZYM and 20A strips (bioMérieux) are presented in Table  2. The major fatty acid found for this strain was hexadecanoic acid (47%). The 18 carbons, mostly unsaturated structures, were also abundant and represented almost 50% of the total composition: 18:1n9 (22%), 18:2n6 (12%), 18:0 (12%) and 18:1n7 (4%) (Table  3 ).
Strain identification In order to classify this bacterium, the 16S rRNA gene was amplified using the primer pair fD1 and rP2 (Eurogentec, Angers, France) and sequenced using the Big Dye® Terminator v1. 1 Cycle Sequencing Kit and 3500xLGenetic Analyzer capillary sequencer (Thermofisher, Saint-Aubin, France), as previously described  [8]. The 16S rRNA nucleotide sequence was assembled and corrected using CODONCODE ALIGNER software (http://www. codoncode. com). Strain Marseille-P2802 exhibited 98. 6% 16S rRNA similarity with Varibaculum cambriense strain CCUG 44998 (GenBank accession number NR_042127), the phylogenetically closest species with standing in nomenclature (Fig. 3 ). We consequently proposed to classify strain Marseille-P2802 as a new species within the genus Varibaculum belonging to the family Actinomycetaceae within the phylum Actinobacteria.
Genome sequencing Genomic DNA was extracted using the EZ1 biorobot with the EZ1 DNA tissue kit (Qiagen, Hilden, Germany) and then sequenced on a MiSeq sequencer (Illumina Inc, San Diego, CA, USA) with the Nextera Mate Pair sample prep kit and Nextera XT Paired End (Illumina), as previously described  [9]. The assembly was performed using a pipeline containing several softwares (VELVET  [10] , SPADES  [11]  and SOAP DENOVO  [12] ), and trimmed data (MISEQ and TRIMMOMATIC  [13]  softwares) or untrimmed data (only MISEQ software). GAPCLOSER was used to reduce assembly gaps. Scaffolds <800 bp and scaffolds with a depth value lower than 25% of the mean depth were removed. The best assembly was selected by using different criteria (number of scaffolds, N50, number of N). The genome of strain Marseille-P2802 was 2.
14 Mb long with a 52. 3 mol% of G+C content. The degree of genomic similarity of strain Marseille-P2802 with closely related species was estimated using the ORTHOANI software  [14]. ORTHOANI values among closely related species (Fig. 4 ) ranged from 85. 95% between Varibaculum cambriense strain DSM 15806 and V. cambriense strain DORA_20Q618 to 61. 29% between V. cambriense strain DSM 15806 and Varibaculum timonense Marseille-P3369. When Varibaculum massiliense was compared with these closely related species, values ranged from 62. 01% with V. timonensis to 81. 26% with V. cambriense strain DORA_20Q618.
Patients and data All women with a primary invasive or in situ breast cancer diagnosed between 1 January 2008 and 31 December 2010 were included in the study. Women had to be aged between 50 and 74 years and live in the Gironde department at the time of diagnosis to be able to participate. All cases were identified from the general cancer registry of the Gironde department according to international rules  [15]. An active search for the vital status on 31 July 2017 was carried out for all cases. The information was collected via an electronic request to the French national civil registration file (RNIPP). Patients were censored at the date of last news or death. The women included in this study were those eligible for the French MSP. The screening program implemented in 2004 in France, proposes a clinical breast examination and a bilateral mammogram every two years to women aged between 50 and 74 years.
Furthermore, mammograms are the object of two readings aimed at reducing the false-negative rate. In Gironde, the breast cancer screening program is coordinated by "AGIDECA", the organization for cancer screening of Gironde. Data on screening were obtained from the AGIDECA database, which aims to be accurate. In this study, thanks to a crossover between AGIDECA and registry data, women were categorized into 4 groups based on their participation in the MSP: -women who had never presented to mass screening: "non-attenders"; -women who had partially participated in the MSP: breast cancer diagnosed at least 2 years after the last screening: "lapsed attenders"; -women who had participated in the MSP and whose breast cancer was diagnosed through the MSP: "screen-detected"; -women who had participated in the MSP and whose breast cancer was symptomatic and was diagnosed in the interval between two screening rounds: "with interval cancers".
Statistical analysis Fisher exact tests and Student tests were used to compare the four groups according to sociodemographics data and tumor characteristics. Net survival rates at 1 and 5 years were estimated with the Pohar-Perme method using the expected mortality in the French general population, obtained from mortality tables. Net survival is the survival that would be observed if the breast cancer was the only possible cause of death  [17]. To account for the potential effect of lead-time bias in the screen-detected group, we applied the method established by  Duffy et al. in 2008 [18]. This method allows estimating the additional survival time due to screening, which is then deducted to the observed survival time for each woman who has participated in the MSP. We estimated the survival of screened women with and without correction for lead-time bias.
Limits and forces To our knowledge, this is the first French study to compare the survival of women with breast cancer according to their participation in an MSP and socio-demographic inequalities. We used data from a cancer registry, which is a reliable and exhaustive source of all cancer cases. This allowed us to have few missing data and to avoid potential selection bias. Furthermore, since the objective of screening is to diagnose breast cancer earlier, it seemed appropriate to include patients with in situ breast cancer in our study. However, we carried out sensitivity analyses to estimate net survival rates at 5 years excluding in situ tumors and the results were similar probably due to the fact that the stages detected by screening are mostly stage I. The study however is limited in that the area-based deprivation index to measure socioeconomic level does not take into account the individual data.
Data Collection and Statistical Analysis Data on implanted patients were prospectively obtained during missions according to a pre-specified Case Report Form, and collected by the Paris Cardiovascular Research Center (French Institute of Health and Medical Research, Paris, France), in collaboration with the implantation center. The data comprised recording of device functionality and any related events/complications. In parallel with the systematic collection of data on first implantations during the 64 missions, further efforts were directed towards following the deployment of pacing nationally in each of the 14 countries involved in the program. This focused especially on the number of implantations in each country in order to provide incidence of implantation per million inhabitants and ascertaining peri-procedure events, if any.
Data and simulated samples This study is performed using proton-proton (pp) collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV at the LHC. Data taken in 2016 with the CMS detector are analyzed, corresponding to a total integrated luminosity of 35. 9 fb -1. The data are filtered to remove detector noise and unphysical events. Event generators based on the MC method are used to simulate the behaviour of signal and background processes. The POWHEG v2. 0  [19, 20]  software is used to generate both the WZ signal and the ZZ background samples without additional partons besides the ones included in the matrix element calculations at next-to-leading order (NLO) in perturbative QCD. The rest of the SM background samples are produced with the MADGRAPH5 aMC@NLO v2. 3. 3 generator  [21]  at LO or NLO accuracy, including up to one or two additional partons in the matrix element calculations.
A total trigger efficiency uncertainty is applied across all channels and processes to account for the differences observed between data and MC samples. Two different sources are considered for the estimation of this uncertainty. First, trigger efficiencies are measured in data and simulation samples, with the difference between the two being assigned as a systematic component of the trigger efficiency uncertainty. Second, the effect of limited statistical power in the data measurement is computed using Clopper-Pearson intervals  [52] , which is an estimation method that yields intervals in the physical region using an estimation that is statistically robust even when the efficiency is close to its extreme values-in this case the value 1-, and added quadratically to the first source. A final asymmetric flat uncertainty of -1.
Results are shown here for the inclusive final state, but similar results have been obtained in the four exclusive categories (µµµ, eµµ, eeµ, and eee). Results for the leading jet p T are shown in Fig. 11 , results for the Z boson p T are shown in Fig. 12 , results for the mass of the WZ system are shown in Fig. 13 , and results for the W boson p T are shown in Fig. 14. The overall description of the data by the simulation is good. The agreement is quantified by χ 2 /NDOF values that are given in the plot legends. As in the case of the measurement not split by charge, the total uncertainty is dominated by the statistical and background subtraction uncertainties. The remaining uncertainties include the one due to the unfolding procedure and are grouped into the other syst. category. The mass of the WZ system data distribution is unfolded at the dressed leptons level, as described in the text.
Acknowledgments We congratulate our colleagues in the CERN accelerator departments for the excellent performance of the LHC and thank the technical and administrative staffs at  CERN  and at other  CMS institutes  for their contributions to the success of the CMS effort. In addition, we gratefully acknowledge the computing centres and personnel of the Worldwide LHC Computing Grid for delivering so effectively the computing infrastructure essential to our analyses. Finally, we acknowledge the enduring support for the construction and operation of the LHC and the CMS detector provided by the following funding agencies: the  Austrian Federal Ministry of Science, Research and Economy  and the  Austrian Science Fund ; the  Belgian Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique , and  Fonds voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek ; the  Brazilian Funding Agencies (CNPq, CAPES ,  FAPERJ ,  FAPERGS , and  FAPESP) ; the  Bulgarian Ministry of Education and Science ; CERN; the  Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ministry of Science and Technology , and  National Natural Science Foundation of China ; the  Colombian Funding Agency (COLCIENCIAS) ;  2014/15/B/ST2/03998 , and  2015/19/B/ST2/02861 , Sonata-bis  2012/07/E/ST2/01406 ; the  National Priorities Research Program  by  Qatar National Research Fund ; the  Programa de Excelencia María de Maeztu , and the  Programa Severo Ochoa del Principado de Asturias ; the Thalis and Aristeia programmes cofinanced by  EU-ESF , and the  Greek NSRF ; the  Rachadapisek Sompot Fund for Postdoctoral Fellowship, Chulalongkorn University , and the  Chulalongkorn Academic into Its 2nd Century Project Advancement Project (Thailand) ; the  Welch Foundation , contract  C-1845 ; and the  Weston Havens Foundation (USA).
Computed tomography Analysis Computed tomography scans were performed immediately on mice sacrificed 48 h after the last transfer, using a Siemens Inveon Micro-CT (Siemens, Bayern, Germany). Images were calibrated for Hounsfield unit scaling using a water-filled phantom on each experiment day. The scanner settings were as follows: tube voltage of 70 kVp and current of 500 µA over 360 continuous projections with an exposure time of 1000 ms per projection. Cross-sectional images were reconstructed using Inveon Viewer Quick Launch (Siemens) and converted to the Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) format using PMOD software (PMOD Technologies LLC, Zurich, Switzerland).
Funding: This work was supported by funding from the  Academic Society for Research in Otolaryngology, Kansai Medical University ; a research grant from  Kansai Medical University (KMU)  research consortium; the  Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) - Supported Program  for the  Strategic Research Foundation at Private Universities  ( S1201038 ); a  Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)  from  MEXT  ( 15K10793 ); and  Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research  from the  Japanese Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare  ( H26 -, H27-Research on measures for intractable disease-general-004).
In Vivo Biodistribution and Lung Uptake of 99m tc-pB. Animals were anesthetized by isoflurane (1. 5-2%). 99m Tc-labeled PB (37-58 MBq) was prepared as previously described in details  6  and intravenously injected in a volume of 300 μL via the caudal vein. In vivo whole-body biodistribution of radioactivity was measured by a nuclear medicine camera (Ecam, Siemens) equipped with an on-board computer and a low-energy high resolution parallel-hole collimator. Dynamic acquisitions were recorded for a 60-min period, and static whole-body scans were obtained at 30 min and 60 min after injection. Dynamic and static acquisitions were evaluated with MATLAB version 7. 01 image analysis tool software. Results were expressed as the percentage of the injected dose (%ID). pathologic assessment of right ventricular hypertrophy.
Adrenomedullin Receptor expression in lung tissue by quantitative real-time pCR. RNA was extracted from homogenized lung tissue using the Qiagen TRIzol reagent (Fisher Scientific) and treated with TURBO DNA-free DNase (Fisher Scientific) as per manufacturer's instructions. Extracted RNA was converted to cDNA using GoScript Reverse Transcriptase with 500-1000 ng starting material per reaction. The quality of total RNA was monitored by capillary electrophoresis (Experion, Biorad, ON, Canada). Quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) was performed with QuantiTect SYBR Green PCR kit (from Qiagen, CA) on the Mx3005P real-time PCR machine (Stratagene, CA). Primers for RAMP2 and CLR (rat) were obtained from Qiagen (ON, Canada). PCR data was analyzed using software MxPro (Stratagene, CA). Comparative quantitative analysis was performed based on a delta-delta Ct (ΔΔCt) method using HPRT1 gene (Life technologies/Thermo Fisher Scientific,ON, Canada) as normalization controls.
Detection was done using clarity western ECL substrate (BioRad, ON, Canada). Images were acquired, and quantification analyses were performed using a ChemiDocMP system (BioRad, ON, Canada) and densitometric analyses of Western blot were performed using ImageLab version 5. 2. 1 (Bio-Rad). statistical analyses. Differences between groups were evaluated by ANOVA followed, when a significant interaction was found, by Tukey's multiple comparisons. For molecular biology experiments (qPCR and western blots), respective groups were compared by using 2-tailed independent sample t-tests. Analysis was performed using Prism software (version 6. 0; GraphPad). All results are given as mean ± SEM. Differences were considered significant at the level p < 0. 05.
The dialysis membrane was then placed in a beaker filled with 30 mL of distilled water and incubated with rocking motion at 37 °C for 20 days. The release of carboplatin was monitored by assaying 1 mL samples using the SnCl2 assay, as described above. At each time point, 3 samples were collected and the appropriate volume of fresh distilled water was replaced into the breaker. The three measurements were averaged and plotted as a function of time. After the burst phase, the remaining data was fitted to a zero-order model using the lm function in R software (RStudio).
The dialysis membrane was then placed in a beaker filled with 30 mL of distilled water and incubated with rocking motion at 37 • C for 20 days. The release of carboplatin was monitored by assaying 1 mL samples using the SnCl 2 assay, as described above. At each time point, 3 samples were collected and the appropriate volume of fresh distilled water was replaced into the breaker. The three measurements were averaged and plotted as a function of time. After the burst phase, the remaining data was fitted to a zero-order model using the lm function in R software (RStudio).
7 (Technelysium Pty Ltd. , Tewantin, Australia) and compared to the GenBank database by similarity search using BLASTN (http://www. ncbi. nlm. nih. gov/blast/). Of the 116 tested refractory sinusitis surgical specimens collected from December 2016 to December 2017, PCR-based screening yielded 12 (10. 3%) positive for 16S rRNA including 10 (8. 6%) that were also positive for the mcrA gene specific for methanogenic archaea. PCR-positive specimens were obtained from nine patients including three Caucasian males and six Caucasian females with an age range of 20-71 years (Table  1 ). Five patients presented a medical history of Ear-Nose-Throat disorder and two patients had a past history of atopy (Table  1 ). Investigations of lymphocytes, immunoglobulins, and complement in four patients, yielded normal results in three patients (patients n • 1, 6, and 7) and found a 1.
Sterile PBS was used as a negative culture control. None of the negative control tubes mock-inoculated with PBS yielded evidence for methane production over 12 weeks. Likewise, no methane was detected in any of the tubes inoculated with pus samples except for the tube inoculated with pus from patient 1 in which methane production indicated that a growing methanogen was detected after 12 week incubation. This isolate was identified as M. oralis based on a 99% 16S rRNA and a 100% mcrA gene sequence similarity with M. oralis strain ZR T (GenBank accession NR_104878. 1 and NZ_LWMU00000000. 1, respectively).
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This work was supported by the  French Government  under the  Investissements d'avenir (Investments for the Future) program  managed by the  Agence Nationale de la Recherche  ( ANR , fr:  National Agency for Research) , (reference: Méditerranée Infection  10-IAHU-03 ). This work was supported by  Région Provence Alpes Côte d'Azur and European funding FEDER   PA 0000 319 IHUBIOTK.
CNV Calling and Association Statistical Analysis in UK Biobank Population Cohort The UK Biobank (UKB)  26   Single-nucleotide polymorphism genotyping in the UKB was performed using the UK BiLEVE and UKB Affymetrix Axiom platforms. Produced Log R ratio (LRR) and B allele frequency (BAF) values were formatted for CNV calling through the use of hidden Markov model-based software PennCNV v1. 0. 4. 27 We retained samples that passed the post-processing quality-control parameters. To minimize the number of false positive findings, detected CNVs were stratified using a quality score (QS). 28 Only validated (QS > j0. 8j) carriers were included in downstream analyses. We considered ''16p11. 2 BP4-BP5 CNV carriers'' to be those that had a deletion or duplication starting in the interval 29. 4-29. 8 Mbp and ending in 30.