dataesr/scientific-paragraphs-categorization huggingface dataset:
Saïf ed-Dîn Fertahi: Conceptualization, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Software, Validation, Visualization, Writingoriginal draft, Writingreview & editing. Abderrahim Samaouali: Investigation, Methodology, Resources, Validation, Visualization, Writingreview & editing. Imad Kadiri: Investigation, Methodology, Validation, Resources, Visualization, Writingreview & editing. Abderrahim Samaouali is a professor in higher education at the Faculty of Science at Mohammed V University in Rabat, Morocco. He currently serves as the research and managing director of the "Thermodynamics and Energy" laboratory. His areas of expertise encompass nanotechnology, spectroscopy, materials chemistry, and petrology. By 2023, and according to the ResearchGate database, he has authored and co-authored 61 research items published in peerreviewed journals and has developed four international research projects.
Furthermore, the effectiveness of the proposed fractional-order VIC (FOVIC) is verified through an islanded microgrid that includes heterogeneous sources: a small thermal power plant, wind and solar power plants, and ESSs. The simulation results performed using MATLAB software indicate that the proposed VIC scheme provides fast stabilization times and slight deviations in system frequency compared to the conventional VIC schemes. The proposed VIC outperforms the conventional load frequency control by about 80% and the conventional VIC model by about 45% in tackling load/RESs fluctuations and system uncertainty. Additionally, the studied microgrid with the proposed FOVIC scheme is noticeably more stable and responds faster than that designed with integer-order derivative control. Thus, the proposed FOVIC scheme gives better performance for frequency stability of low-inertia power systems compared to conventional VIC schemes used in the literature.
Simulation Results To simulate the researched MG, a MATLAB/Simulink program is employed. With the proposed developed VIC model, which is depicted in Figure  2 , and the system's parameters listed in Table 1  [20] , the simulation results have been extracted based on two case studies, as follows: A. Validate the proposed developed VIC model's superiority compared with the conventional known VIC model, which is presented in many studies, e. g. , The proposed FOVIC will undergo a second modification compared to Figure  4 , which involves replacing the entire order of the inertial emulation with a fractional order. To achieve this, the output power and its sign will be combined with the required power from the DC-DC stage. The resulting power will then be set as a command for the inverter to supply power to the power system.
Simulation Results To simulate the researched MG, a MATLAB/Simulink program is employed. With the proposed developed VIC model, which is depicted in Figure  2 , and the system's parameters listed in Table 1  [20] , the simulation results have been extracted based on two case studies, as follows: A. Validate the proposed developed VIC model's superiority compared with the conventional known VIC model, which is presented in many studies, e. g. ,  [2, 8, 9, 12, 14, 16]. Impact of the FO derivative on the developed structure of the suggested VIC model Both case studies are investigated through different scenarios under various situations of RES, load variation, and system inertia changes, as follows: The proposed FOVIC will undergo a second modification compared to Figure  4 , which involves replacing the entire order of the inertial emulation with a fractional order.
Simulation Results To simulate the researched MG, a MATLAB/Simulink program is employed. With the proposed developed VIC model, which is depicted in Figure  2 , and the system's parameters listed in Table 1  [20] , the simulation results have been extracted based on two case studies, as follows: A. Validate the proposed developed VIC model's superiority compared with the conventional known VIC model, which is presented in many studies, e. g. ,  [2, 8, 9, 12, 14, 16]. Impact of the FO derivative on the developed structure of the suggested VIC model Both case studies are investigated through different scenarios under various situations of RES, load variation, and system inertia changes, as follows:.
, 2016; Sörengård et al. , 2022). As PFOA was intensively used from 1960 to 2008, two hypotheses may explain the low concentrations recorded. Dispersion of PFOA in air up to several kilometers away from fluoropolymer plants has already been demonstrated  (Barton et al. , 2010; Davis et al. , 2007; Galloway et al. , 2020; Hangen et al. , 2010). Washington et al. (2020)  recorded the highest PFOA concentrations in soil 9 and 12 km downwind of a PVDF production facility, so the sampling area may be too close to the industrial park. More likely, once on the surface soil, PFOA can migrate downward with precipitation  (Davis et al. , 2007). PFHxA and 6:2 FTSA, currently used in the industrial park, were quantified in several soil samples. Data on 6:2 FTSA concentrations are scarce in background soils.
142 Such differences do not necessarily limit the tests' utility for discriminating patients with FTD from other patients or control subjects (e. g. , see Custodio et al. 143  ), provided normative data are available for the target population. Cultural differences can, however, impact the construct validity of these tests across cultural contexts; that is, instead of measuring a specific aspect of the construct social cognition, the test may actually measure general FTD severity or aspects of language related to the format of the test. Newly designed or adapted tests may be needed for a more valid assessment of specific cognitive domains. Not all studies of emotion recognition report differences across different cultural groups. 144 However, tests of emotion recognition and theory of mind using faces as stimuli, such as the Ekman 60 Faces Test or Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test, may need to include photographs of individuals sharing physical features with the target population (e.
219, 220 This is likely related to the local variations in a language and differences in cultural background. Thus, it is also important to consider validating the speech and language tools of the same language in a population-specific manner. Researchers in the domain of social cognition face similar questions about whether to develop culture-specific tests or try to design tests applicable to individuals with a wider variety of backgrounds. One interesting example from schizophrenia research is the development of the SOCRATIS battery,  221  in which researchers tailored a commonly used false belief task to reflect the local context in India by changing stories, characters, and images to reflect culture-specific settings (e. g. , temple instead of a church). Using novel digital technologies such as virtual reality and automatic speech processing may provide promising ways of obtaining neuropsychological data that closely resembles everyday life, which may be particularly important for individuals who are not familiar with being formally tested due to a lack of formal education or relevant exposure, and who may not understand the need to complete more abstract tests.
Andrea Slachevsky is supported by  ANID/FONDAP /ID15150012 ;  ANID/FONDEF/ID22I10251 ;  ANID/Fondecyt Regular/1210195 &1191726 ;  ANID/PIA/Anillos ACT210096 ;  Multi-Partner-Consortium  to expand dementia research in Latin-America (ReDLat, supported by  National Institutes of Health, National Institutes of Aging  [ R01 AG057234 ],  Alzheimer's Association  [ SG-20-725707 ],  Tau Consortium , and  Global Brain Health Institute), and Alzheimer's Association   GBHI ALZ UK-20-639295. Aida Suarez-Gonzalez  is funded by a  UKRI Healthy Ageing Challenge Catalyst Award  ( ES/W006405/1 ), the  National Institute for Health Research  ( COV-LT2-0014 ), and a grant jointly funded by the  Economic and Social Research Council (UK)  and the  National Institute for Health Research (UK ;  ES/S010467/1 ). Elena Tsoy is supported by the  Alzheimer's Association.
Acknowledgments We thank  Diptarka Das ,  Daniel Grumiller ,  Cynthia Keeler ,  Victoria Martin ,  Rahul Poddar  for interesting discussions and comments. During the course of this work, AB was partially supported by a  Swarnajayanti fellowship  ( SB/SJF/2019-20/08 ) from the  Science and Engineering Research Board (SERB) India , the  SERB grant  ( CRG/2020/002035 ), a visiting professorship at  École Polytechnique Paris , a distinguished visiting professorship at  NORDITA Stockholm , and a  Royal Society of London  international exchange grant with the  University of Edinburgh. AB also acknowledges the warm hospitality of the  Niels Bohr Institute, Copenhagen , the  University of Edinburgh, U. K. ,  ULB Brussels  and  NORDITA, Stockholm , during various stages of this work. SM is supported by grant number  09/092 ( 1039)/2019-EMR-I  from  Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR).
4 In order to solve the equations system described in Eq. 4, a possibility is to numerically vary unknown parameters, in view to optimise each value through the minimisation of a dedicated criterion. Given that each pixel of the sensor observes a speci c zone of the scene, they all should give different values. Therefore, a pixel wise method has been chosen for the program (from the calibration method to the calculation of emissivity). For this, the following procedure has been implemented in a Matlab program involving two interlocked loops: At rst, digitals levels of each pixel of the infrared camera sensor have to be converted into radiance. For this, the radiometric calibration of the infrared camera and the Planck's law are necessaries; Secondly, for a given environment temperature and for each pixel, the emissivity values that minimise the absolute temperature difference between the broadband lter and the spectral lter have to determined thanks to the rst numerical loop.
V. Remote sensing of plant water and carbon to inform process modeling Remote sensing of vegetation exploits the biophysical links between spectral information contained in the electromagnetic radiation reflected or emitted from the earth's surface and vegetation state, function, and dynamics. Optical data have been used to map LFMC using multispectral sensors at local  (Marino et al. , 2020) , continental  (Yebra et al. , 2018a) , and global  (Quan et al. , 2021)  scales, producing mapping products at spatial resolutions from tens to thousands of meters. Visible spectrum reflectance is collected by many remote sensing platforms for vegetation monitoring purposes; but alone is insufficient for the prediction of LFMC. Addition of spectral data from the shortwave infrared (SWIR) region of the electromagnetic spectrum, currently collected by only a limited number of platforms, increases the accuracy of optical LFMC estimations  (Yebra et al.
, 2020). Radar systems operate in the microwave portion of the electromagnetic spectrum and can penetrate cloud cover and the upper canopy to detect the volume of liquid water in vegetation, offering an advantage relative to optical data. Nonetheless, a problem shared by direct microwave and passive optical measurements of LFMC in forests is the discrimination of signals related to the forest canopy, understory, surface litter, and soil  (Gale et al. , 2021). Merging microwave and optical data is a promising way forward. Rao et al. (2020)  demonstrated that radar backscatter observations (from Sentinel-1) directly enhanced LFMC predictability in comparison with only using optical reflectance (from Landsat-8) for foliar, herbaceous and fine woody fuels. However, LFMC of denser woody fuels can only be estimated using longer wavelengths (i.
, 2018; Michaletz, 2018; Kleynhans et al. , 2021). We need benchmark datasets of physiological mortality mechanisms across organs, species, size class, life history, geographic region, season, and under climate change scenarios  (Hood et al. , 2018). New terrestrial lidar approaches for evaluating fuels and fire effects that are based on structure and visual-spectrum imagery may be a useful approach for determining these New Phytologist (2023) 238: 952-970 www. newphytologist. com Ó 2023 The Authors New Phytologist Ó 2023 New Phytologist Foundation benchmarks and understanding vertical heterogeneity in fire impacts on plant organs at these scales  (Gallagher et al. , 2021; Pokswinski et al. , 2021). Fire model implementation needs to address the nonlinear biophysical-processes of whole-plant heat transfer and resulting fire behavior and effects based on dynamic physiology, including refined fire-effects predictions stemming from an improved understanding of mechanisms  (Kleynhans et al.
Acknowledgements We would like to thank three anonymous reviewers for their time and effort in providing valuable feedback which greatly improved the quality of this manuscript. We also acknowledge all participants of  Los Alamos National Laboratory's January 2021 Workshop  for their contributions to this effort. LTD, AJ, RRL and SS were supported by the  Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) through its Center for Space and Earth Science (CSES). Center for Space  and Earth Science is funded by  LANL's Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) program  under project no. 20210528CR. AJ and ZJR received additional funding from  LANL LDRD  under project no. 20210689ECR. RPF and STM were supported by  SERDP  project  RC18-1346  and an  NSERC   Discovery Grant. AB acknowledges funding from the  Austrian Science Fund (FWF , project  P32203 ) and from the  University of Innsbruck (Early-Stage Funding , grant  W-171705 ).
MY receives funding from the  Australian Research Council , the  Australian Research Data Commons , The  SmartSat Cooperative Research Centre and Singtel Optus Pty Limited. JKS was supported by the  National Center for Atmospheric Research , a major facility sponsored by the  National Science Foundation (NSF)  under Cooperative Agreement no. 1852977 , with additional support from  NASA Arctic Boreal Vulnerability Experiment  Grant  80NSSC19M0107. JKS, SPS and CX were also supported as part of the  Next-Generation Ecosystem Experiments -Tropics , funded by the  US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research. SPS was also partially supported by the  NASA Surface Biology and Geology Mission Study  ( NNG20OB24A ) and through the  United States Department of Energy  contract no.
DE-SC0012704  to  Brookhaven National Laboratory. CMH acknowledges  US Department of Defense (DoD) Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP)  Project  RC19-1119. IA declares support from  NSF WIFIRE Commons  under grants  2040676  and  2134904. VRD acknowledges funding from  MICINN  projects  RTI2018-094691-B-C31 ;  EU H2020  (grant agreements  101003890 ). RAP acknowledges support from  US Department of Defense Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program's Closing Gaps  Project  RC20-1025. USDA Forest Service personnel were supported by annual Forest Service appropriations. This document has been approved for unlimited release under  LA-UR-22-20430.
Healthcare Professional Surveys The healthcare professional perspective was acquired from an international group of European healthcare professionals who participated in an expert panel set up to assist in the development of the new GERONTE care pathway for older patients with multimorbidity including cancer (geronteproject. eu). It included medical specialists, nurses, and other health care professionals with expertise in geriatric medicine or oncology who were approached based on purposive sampling. Cancer specialists with a special interest in older patients were mainly approached. The aim was to represent a mixture of backgrounds and specialities involved in the care of older patients with cancer. For the healthcare professionals, the following data were collected: age, sex, profession, years in clinical practice, and the treatment types and cancer types they were involved in.
Acknowledgements The following participants participated in (some rounds of the) online expert panel surveys and agreed to have their names and titles published in the acknowledgements. More participants were involved, but did not provide permission. Stefan Starup Jeppesen ,  Head of Department , Associate professor,  PhD. Cindy Kenis  ( Phd, MScN , RN). dr. R. E. Pel-Littel. J. E. A. Portielje. Prof. dr. B. L. van Leeuwen. Pierre Soubeyran. Em prof Frank Buntinx , prof of general practice. Dr. C. Helsper. Steven Joniau, MD, PhD. Marco Alifano, MD, PhD. Cecilia Lund, MD, PhD , Associate professor. Sven Löffeler, MD, PhD. Hanne Løvåsen Drevsjø , cancer nurse. M. Geerts MANP. Isacco Montroni MD ,  PhD. Lieke van Huis -Tanja ,  MD PhD. Lore Decoster. K. J. Schulkes ,  M. D. ;  PhD. Dr. Ulrich Wedding.
Line A detects intact hCG, and line B detects hCGRP. In the case of progressive IUP, the intensity of line B is higher than or equal to that of line A. Subsequently, the test is considered positive 1 (P1). In case of an abnormal pregnancy (miscarriage or EP), the intensity of line A is higher than line B. Subsequently, the Inexscreen test is considered positive 2 (P2). If there is no pregnancy, both lines A and B are absent, but the control line is present. If the test is not valid, both lines A and B and the control line are absent. The Inexscreen test was performed after the diagnosis of PUL, and the urine test was used only once per patient. Here, the Inexscreen tests were interpreted by 2 persons who were not aware of the clinical, biologic, and ultrasound data of the patients. In case of discrepancies in interpretation, a third opinion could be sought.
Data Collection All patients treated with focal laser photocoagulation were included in this study, only if they had been treated with IVIs at least 12 months prior to the laser treatment. The medical history, the number and type of IVIs received, and prior ophthalmological findings were recorded retrospectively. The dataset was collected using anonymized Excel files before statistical analysis. The systematic screening of CMA has been standardized in our departments since 2019. In all patients, an ophthalmological examination and retinal imaging, including fluorescein angiography (FA), ICGA, and OCT (spectral domain [SD]-OCT, Heidelberg Engineering, Heidelberg, Germany), were performed. CMA were identified on the late-phase ICGA and on the OCT scans (Figure  1 ). All lesions related to ME located more than 750 µ m from the fovea were treated.
Objectives. To evaluate within-patient symptom improvement in the dupilumab SINUS-24/-52 studies in patients with severe chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) (NCT02912468/ NCT02898454). Methods. Patients received dupilumab 300 mg or placebo every 2 weeks for 24 (SINUS-24) or 52 weeks (SINUS-52) on background intranasal corticosteroids. Patients daily reported symptoms of nasal congestion (NC), loss of smell (LoS) and rhinorrhoea on a scale of 0-3 (0no symptoms, 1mild, 2moderate, 3severe symptoms). The proportions of patients with moderate-to-severe symptoms (score ≥ 2) at baseline who improved to no-to-mild symptoms (score ≤ 1) were determined at Weeks 2, 24 (pooled studies) and 52 (SINUS-52). Subgroups with prior sinonasal surgery and coexisting asthma were analysed. Results.
4 hronic inflammation in CRSwNP is primarily driven by a type 2 immune response with the type 2 signature cytokines interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13 as key and central components. 5, 6 Dupilumab is a fully human VelocImmuneâ-derived monoclonal antibody that binds to IL-4Ra, the shared receptor component for IL-4 and IL-13, thereby blocking signalling by both cytokines. 5, 6 Dupilumab is approved as add-on maintenance treatment for adult patients with inadequately controlled CRSwNP. 7 In the randomised, phase 3 SINUS-24 (NCT02912468) and SINUS-52 (NCT02898454) studies in patients with severe CRSwNP, dupilumab added to INCS was generally well-tolerated and significantly improved NC, LoS and rhinorrhoea, disease-related and general HRQoL, and endoscopic and radiographic signs of CRSwNP. 8 his post hoc analysis of the SINUS-24 and SINUS-52 studies assessed the early onset and durable long-term effects of dupilumab on patientreported symptoms of NC, LoS and rhinorrhoea among patients with moderate-to-severe symptoms at baseline.
METHODS This analysis used data from the phase 3, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group SINUS-24 and SINUS-52 studies. 8 Eligible patients in both studies were ≥ 18 years of age, had bilateral NP (bilateral NP score ≥ 5 of maximum score of 8) and had symptoms of CRSwNP despite INCS, SCS within 2 years and/or surgery for NP. Patients were required to have symptoms of NC, LoS or rhinorrhoea, and all patients provided written informed consent. Patients in the SINUS-24 study (n = 276) were randomised 1:1 to dupilumab 300 mg subcutaneous (SC) every 2 weeks (q2w) or matching placebo for 24 weeks. Patients in the SINUS-52 study (n = 448) were randomised 1:1:1 to dupilumab 300 mg SC q2w for 52 weeks, or dupilumab 300 mg SC q2w to Week 24 and then 300 mg SC every 4 weeks to Week 52, or matching placebo for 52 weeks.
All patients in both studies received daily background therapy with a stable dose of intranasal mometasone furoate nasal spray. This post hoc analysis included patients with moderateto-severe symptoms (i. e. scores ≥ 2) at baseline who received dupilumab 300 mg q2w or placebo to Week 24 (pooled SINUS-24 and SINUS-52) and Week 52 (SINUS-52). Data from SINUS-52 were used to assess symptom improvement at Week 52 to understand the dupilumab treatment effect beyond Week 24. Patients recorded symptom scores daily for NC, LoS and rhinorrhoea (average of scores for anterior and posterior rhinorrhoea) on a scale of 0-3, where 0none, 1mild, 2 moderate and 3severe. Outcomes assessed were the proportion of patients who achieved symptom improvement, defined as reduction to no or mild symptoms (scores ≤ 1) for NC, LoS or rhinorrhoea at Weeks 2, 24 and 52, and the distribution of patients with scores = 0, > 0 and ≤ 1, > 1 and ≤ 2 and > 2 and ≤ 3 at Weeks 2, 24 and 52.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Research was sponsored by  Sanofi  and  Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc. ClinicalTrials. govIdentifiers:  NCT02912468  ( SINUS-24 ),  NCT02898454  ( SINUS-52 ). Medical writing/editorial assistance was provided by  Dr Peter Tran  of  Adelphi Group , funded by  Sanofi and Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc. advisory boards (consulting), receives fees for lectures and research grants from  ALK-Abell o, Allakos ,  AstraZeneca ,  GlaxoSmithKline , HAL,  Meda Pharmaceuticals ,  Novartis ,  Otonomy ,  Roche ,  Sanofi-Aventis ,  Stallergenes Greer, Strekin  and  Teva. C-CC, JAJ-N, AHK and JM are employees and may hold stock and/or stock options in Sanofi. SK and SN are employees and shareholders of  Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc. SS is a former employee and may hold stock and/or stock options in Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc.
J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f Very few therapeutic options are available in CCA with only one approved first line as well as one second line chemotherapy until 2021. This review aims to expose the recent advances in systemic treatments for all-comers CCAs, as well as the advent of molecular profiling, which allows access to personalized medicine and reshuffle the cards of CCA patients' care. They may represent news options but need further studies  (17, 18). However, the NuTide:121 trial comparing cisplatin-NUC-1031, an optimized gemcitabine derivative, with CISGEM  (19)  was stopped prematurely in January 2022 by the study's independent data monitoring committee due to futility at interim analysis with no published results to date, despite promising results in phase 1  (20). Regarding the use of 5-fluorouracil (5FU)-based regimens in first line, the AMEBICA-PRODIGE 38 trial comparing modified FOLFIRINOX to CISGEM, recently failed to meet its phase 2 objective (hypothesis of a 6-month progression-free survival (PFS) rate of 59%) with a 6-month PFS of 44.