dataesr/scientific-paragraphs-categorization huggingface dataset:
L. G. T. was supported by funds from  European community  grant (Proposal number:  37231 ), I. R. was supported by a  L'Oréal-UNESCO Pan Arab Regional Fellowship For Women in Science , J. E. was supported by an  ERC  starting grant (Rupteffects, number  261166 ), and is a member of the LabEx consortia IBEID and  Milieu Intérieur  at this LD accumulation will help us define the common mechanism used by these different pathogens to manipulate and/or take advantage of this high-energy source. the  Institut Pasteur  and A. D. was supported by the  Canadian Institutes of Health Research  ( MOP-12933 ). S. R. was supported with a Traineeship grants to facilitate mobility within the  Institut Pasteur International Network (RIIP-Calmette)  for a 3 months traineeship in the lab of A. D. and with a 6 months fellowship, from  L'Oréal-UNESCO Pan Arab Regional  Fellowship For Women in Science that I.
No difference in modified Stoke Ankylosing Spondylitis Spine Score was observed between golimumab 50 and 100 mg, and the radiographic rate was stable at 2 and 4 years, suggesting no progression of new bone formation over the course of the study. 25 Conversely, these data indicated no retardation of spinal ossification. It was also observed that patients with baseline syndesmophytes and/or high baseline CRP levels (. 1. 5 mg/dL) progressed more patients without syndesmophytes or with low CRP levels (#1. 5 mg/dL). It has been reported that infliximab and other anti-TNFα agents may reduce spinal inflammation as detected by MRI. 26  In a subgroup analysis of 98 patients from the GO-RAISE study, the effects of golimumab on MRI spinal inflammation were examined. 27 These patients had spinal MRI at baseline and at Weeks 14 and 104 that were scored for inflammation (bone marrow edema) and erosions using the AS spine MRI activity index (ASspiMRI-a).
effects of golimumab on enthesitis Three scoring systems were used to assess entheseal involvement and changes in entheseal tenderness in patients from the initial 24-week GO-RAISE trial, namely the 12-point Berlin index, the 17-point University of California San Francisco index, and the 13-point Maastricht AS Enthesitis Score. 32 Three hundred and fifty-five patients enrolled in the trial had enthesitis data available for analysis at Week 52. The 17-point University of California San Francisco index appeared to be more sensitive in detecting a significant improvement from baseline versus placebo in the golimumab 100 mg group at Weeks 14 and 24. Patients with non-Rx Ax SpA participating in the GO-AHEAD study also had entheseal assessment using the 13-point Maastricht AS Enthesitis Score, and the results showed a significant improvement at Week 16 in the golimumab group.
Refinement Crystal data, data collection and structure refinement details are summarized in Table  2. The coordinates of H atoms of the water molecules and hydroxy groups were obtained from a 356 Diop et al. (C 4 H 7 N 2 ) 2 [Sn(C 2 O 4 ) 2 (H 2 O) 2 ]ÁH 2 O Acta Cryst. (2016). E72, 355-357 research communications Figure  1  The structure of the molecular components in the title compound, with displacement ellipsoids drawn at the 50% probability level. H atoms are drawn as spheres of arbitrary radius and hydrogen bonds are shown as dashed lines. Table  1  Hydrogen-bond geometry (A ˚, ). D-HÁ Á ÁA D -H HÁ Á ÁA D Á Á ÁA D -HÁ Á ÁA O9-H9Á Á ÁO7 i 0. (i) x; y þ 1; z; (ii) x; Ày þ 3 2 ; z þ 1 2 ; (iii) x; y À 1; z; (iv) Àx; Ày þ 2; Àz; (v) Àx þ 1; Ày; Àz þ 1; (vi) Àx; y þ 1 2 ; Àz þ 1 2 ; (vii) Àx þ 1; Ày þ 1; Àz þ 1.
Special details Experimental. X-ray crystallographic data for I were collected from a single-crystal sample, which was mounted on a loop fiber. Data were collected using a Bruker Venture diffractometer equipped with a Photon 100 CMOS Detector, a Helios MX optics and a Kappa goniometer. The crystal-to-detector distance was 4. 0 cm, and the data collection was carried out in 1024 x 1024 pixel mode.
Model calibration Parameterization was made starting from empirical data on both past influenza epidemics and the 2009 H1N1pdm pandemic. In particular, transmission rates were estimated for the United Kingdom, in such a way that the following conditions were simultaneously satisfied. First, considering age-dependent susceptibility, with children being twice more susceptible to infection than adults, the overall proportions of cases in the different settings were 27% in households, 40% in schools, 8% in workplaces and 25% in the general community, similarly to  [28, 58]. Second, the proportion of cases infected in class was the same as those infected in the school, and around 1. 35 times those infected in the grade, matching the findings in  [62]. Third, we assumed mean generation time to depend on both age and setting: as in  [62]  we set 3.
LF, MA, SM received funding from the  European Commission Horizon2020   CIMPLEX  project. NMF and SC received funding from  NIGMS MIDAS. NMF  also acknowledges funding from  MRC, Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation  and  NIHR HPRU. SC also acknowledges funding from  Labex IBEID, AXA Research Fund  and  EU   FP7 PREDEMICS. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
Chronic glaucoma is a multifactorial disease among which oxidative stress may play a major pathophysiological role. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the levels of oxidative and antioxidative stress markers in chronic glaucoma compared with a control group. The PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase and Science Direct databases were searched for studies reporting oxidative and antioxidative stress markers in chronic glaucoma and in healthy controls using the following keywords: "oxidative stress" or "oxidant stress" or "nitrative stress" or "oxidative damage" or "nitrative damage" or "antioxidative stress" or "antioxidant stress" or "antinitrative stress" and "glaucoma". We stratified our meta-analysis on the type of biomarkers, the type of glaucoma, and the origin of the sample (serum or aqueous humor).
Literature search We reviewed all studies measuring oxidative or antioxidative stress markers in chronic glaucoma patients and controls. Animal studies were excluded. The PubMed, Cochrane Library, Science Direct and Embase databases were searched on May 10 th 2016, with the following keywords: "oxidative stress" or "oxidant stress" or "nitrative stress" or "oxidative damage" or "nitrative damage" or "antioxidative stress" or "antioxidant stress" or "antinitrative stress" and "glaucoma". The search was not limited to specific years. No minimal sample size and no language restrictions were applied. To be included, articles needed to be case-control studies describing our primary outcome variable, which was the measurement of oxidative or antioxidative stress markers in glaucoma patients and healthy controls.
Statistical considerations Statistical analysis was conducted using Comprehensive Meta-analysis software (version 2, Biostat Corporation)  [20, 21, 22, 23]  and Stata software (version 13, StataCorp, College Station, US). Baseline characteristics were summarized for each study sample and reported as mean (standard-deviation) and number (%) for continuous and categorical variables respectively. Heterogeneity in the study results was evaluated by examining forest plots, confidence intervals (CI) and using formal tests for homogeneity based on the I statistic, which is the most common metric for measuring the magnitude of between-study heterogeneity and is easily interpretable. I values range between 0% and 100% and are typically considered low for <25%, modest for 25-50%, and high for >50%. This statistical method generally assumes heterogeneity when the p-value of the I test is <0.
One point was given for each activity correctly recalled, and the percentage of correct responses was computed. The PM task lasted approximately 15 min. In the third phase, participants performed the set of complementary cognitive tasks. During the fourth phase, participants were asked to rate the regularity of each activity on an 11-point Likert scale (0 0never; 100every day) (irregular: B3; regular: !5). The general procedure (see Fig. 2 ) and some data (i. e. cognitive processes scores) were similar to our previous study  (Blondelle et al. , 2015)  in a lifespan perspective, emotional valence effect in PM, and the cognitive processes involved.
Background: In the general geriatric population, programs linking geriatric evaluation with interventions are effective for improving functional status and survival of the patients. Whether or not these interventions improve health related quality of life (HRQoL) or overall survival (OS) in older patients with cancer is not yet clear. Indeed, randomized data on the effect of such interventions on survival and HRQoL are rare and conflicting. We describe the rationale and design of a phase III multicenter trial aimed at assessing the efficacy of geriatric intervention in the management of elderly patients with cancer. Methods/design: Approximately 1200 patients, 70 years and older, considered in need of a geriatric intervention based on the G8 screening tool will be randomized into two intervention arms.
Secondary objectives Secondary objectives are three-fold. First, in the population of elderly cancer patients considered in need of a geriatric assessment (G8 score ≤ 14), we will compare the two treatment strategies in terms of additional endpoints: 6-month objective response, 1-and 3-year progression-free-survival (PFS) and OS, HRQoL dimensions other than those targeted for the primary endpoint, grade 3-4 toxicities, duration and number of hospitalizations, place of residence (home versus nursing home or hospital). Second, we will focus on the population recruited in the intervention arm. Our objective is to provide a description of geriatric parameters (evolution over one year, as well as descriptive data at baseline, 6 and 12 months): functional status, nutritional status, depression status, physical capacities, number and type of prescribed geriatric interventions.
1 ). For each arm, patients will be treated according to protocols specifically defined for this trial (See section "Description of the interventions"). If the resulting score is normal (G8 > 14) then patients will be included in the parallel cohort and treated according to the institution's standard management process. This study will be initially proposed to the 28 Regional Coordination Units for Geriatric Oncology accredited to the French National Cancer Institute across France, including Comprehensive Cancer Centers, teaching hospitals, public hospitals and private practices. Data will be collected on an electronic case report form and directly input via the Internet. Data will be handled by online trial management software on the Internet; it will be transferred and monitored remotely in real-time.
This pattern of activity is symptomatic of a strong excitability of the neuronal system that can turn into hyperexcitability during pathological crisis. In  [29]  we have fitted the NMM parameter values for reproducing interictal and pre-ictal spiking activities by tuning the coupling gain of the indirect excitatory feedback. We have compared these outputs to experimental data recorded from epileptic mice (Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy mouse model). It appeared that the NIS behavior is well suited for reproducing the high amplitude sharp waves characterizing the activity pattern recorded between pathological crises. For these fixed parameter values of the NMM, the activity is stable in the sense that the oscillation frequency does not change much with time. The values of the parameters associated with the NMM used in this study and given in Table  1  have been chosen so as to reproduce NIS behavior using the analysis in  [29].
This scenario is physiologically relevant insofar as it is conceivable that an excess of extracellular glutamate concentration is regulated after a delay, triggering a decrease of neural activity after the initial increase. Moreover, the frequency after the regulation delay can be greater or lower than the initial one, depending on the value of the ratio m P G m I G. Note that this value can be tuned to obtain v * 1 small enough and p SNIC large enough so that the frequency after regulation is equal or lower than the one before uptake deficiency. This property offers the possibility of fitting the model outputs to experimental data and allows us to propose hypotheses about physiological and pathological mechanisms.
Acknowledgements This work was performed within the  Labex SMART  ( ANR-11-LABX-65 ) supported by  French  state funds managed by the  ANR  within the  Investissements d'Avenir programme  under reference  ANR-11-IDEX-0004-02. We thank  H. Berry  for helpful comments on this work. We also thank  S. Blanchard  and  F. Wendling  for allowing us to use their astrocyte activity model.
For the wildlife surveillance system, the aim was to involve (i) hunters, (ii) forest rangers, and (iii) the surveillance system coordinator. Focus group discussions and individual interviews were implemented between September 2014 and February 2015 by a single facilitator. All discussions during the interviews were recorded using an electronic device, in consent with the respondents. Data analysis and outputs. Once the work in the field was completed, the discussions were subsequently transcribed in a Microsoft Word document (Microsoft Office 2010, Redmond, WA 98052-7329, USA), pictures of the diagrams were taken and data resulting in the implementation of smileys and proportional pilings were compiled in a Microsoft Excel file (Microsoft Office 2010, Redmond, WA 98052-7329, USA). A thematic analysis was implemented on the data set using the R-based Qualitative Data Analysis package (RQDA).
The questionnaire was completed based on the available documentation. The scoring grid was pre-scored by external evaluators (3 persons). The grid was then presented to a panel of experts during a full day meeting, which should be representative of most of the stakeholders involved in the bTB surveillance. The objective of the meeting was to assign to each criterion a global score by consensus of all experts and to agree on comments (score justification, gap identification) among gathered experts. Data analysis and outputs. Within the OASIS tool, once the scoring process is completed, the scores are combined and weighted to produce three graphical outputs. (i) A table showing the 10 different sections of the surveillance system (objectives and scope; central institutional organisation; field institutional organisation; diagnostic laboratory; surveillance tools; surveillance procedures; data management; training; restitution and diffusion of information; evaluation and performance) with a pie chart representing the corresponding compiled scores for each section.
(ii) A histogram showing the scoring of seven critical control points that were developed by  Dufour (1999)   [31]. And finally (iii) a radar chart displaying the score of 10 of the evaluation attributes recommended by CDC and WHO  [32] : (i) simplicity, (ii) flexibility, (iii) data quality, (iv) acceptability, (v) sensitivity, (vi) positive predictive value, (vii) representativeness, (viii) timeliness, (ix) stability and (x) usefulness  [17]. To assess the acceptability, 19 criteria were taken into account with various weights applied to each one according to the strength of their links to acceptability of surveillance.
Participatory approaches process Stakeholders involved. For the cattle surveillance system, 22 stakeholders were interviewed using 4 focus group discussions and 4 individual interviews. Among these stakeholders, 8 were farmers, 7 were private veterinarians, 2 were representatives from the national reference laboratory, one was a representative from the PCU, 2 were representatives from the FASFC and 2 from the FPS (Table  3 ). For the wildlife surveillance, 12 stakeholders were interviewed using one focus group discussions and 9 individual interviews: 7 hunters were involved, 4 forest rangers and the system coordinator (Table  3 ). Acceptability assessment. Each criterion was scored using the data collected during the interviews. Results showed a medium acceptability of the systems with a general mean of 0.
The system coordinator was satisfied with her role in the surveillance. She was not completely satisfied with the consequences of the information flow, due to the fact that it could increase conflicts with hunters and increase her workload. Nonetheless, she stated that a suspicion could be useful to collect other relevant data in the field (i. e. information related to the suspicion), and to increase the information sharing from stakeholders. She was also not completely satisfied with the relations she had with other stakeholders involved in the bTB surveillance. She would like to increase the relations with hunting councils. She stated that the relations with hunters were sometimes complex, whereas it was working well with forest rangers. The relations with the FASFC were good even if she found it regrettable that they are not providing her a full hunters' contact list to be able to contact them when needed.
Criteria Score (/3) Taking partners' expectations related to the objective into account 2 Existence of an operational management structure (central unit) 2 Existence of an operational steering structure that is representative of the partners (steering committee) 2 Organization and operations of the system laid down in regulations, a charter, or a convention established between the partners 1 Frequency of meetings of the central coordinating body 3 Active role of intermediate units in the functioning of the system (validation, management, feedback) 3 Adequacy of material and financial resources of intermediary units 3 Existence of coordination meetings at the intermediate level 3 Adequacy of material and financial resources at the field level 0 Effective integration of laboratories in the surveillance system 3 Simplicity of the case or threat definition 2 Simplicity of the notification procedure 3 Simplicity of the data collection procedure 1 Acceptability of the consequences of a suspicion or case for the source or collector of data 0 Adequacy of the data management system for the needs of the system (relational database, etc.
e. movement restriction, milk delivery restriction) and to constraints linked to the implementation of follow-up SIT for many years. This acceptability has been defined as very low for farmers, and low for private veterinarians who are in conflicts of interest. Problems were highlighted for wildlife surveillance as well, because some hunters would prefer to bury suspected dead-found animals instead of notifying them. Currently a single data management system is not in place and epidemiological surveillance data are stored in different databases (score = 0). Nonetheless a request has been made within the FASFC to develop a complete centralised data warehouse where all information about suspicions or outbreaks of all mandatory notified animal diseases is stored. Only some stakeholders have been trained in the frame of bTB surveillance (score = 2).
Cetuximab is marketed by Merck. Construction of Vectors-The construction of complementary DNAs encoding c-Myc epitope-tagged human PLC␥ 1 (1291 amino acids, accession number ABB84466), human PLC␥ 2 (1265 amino acids, accession number NP_002652), and F897Q mutant of PLC␥ 2 was described previously  (34). The construction of all other vectors and of the baculoviruses was outlined in Refs. 32, 33. Complementary DNAs encoding mutants of PLC␥ 1 and PLC␥ 2 were constructed by in vitro mutagenesis using the QuikChange II XL site-directed mutagenesis kit (200521, Agilent Technologies). The primer sequences and PCR protocols are available from the authors upon request. A vector encoding c-Myc epitope-tagged human PLC␦ 1 ⌬44 was kindly supplied by J. Sondek  (42). Cell Culture and Transfection-COS-7 cells were maintained at 37 °C in a humidified atmosphere of 90% air and 10% CO 2 in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM) (catalog no.
Label-free Quantitative Mass Spectrometry-Equal volumes (5 l each) of purified wild-type or R665W mutant PLC␥ 2 were mixed with 300 fmol of the Pierce TM peptide retention time calibration mixture (PRTC, catalog no. 88320, ThermoFisher) containing 15 known synthetic tryptic peptides. Samples were reduced for 20 min at room temperature with 5 mM DTT and subsequently alkylated for 20 min at 37 °C with 50 mM iodoacetamide. The samples were then subjected to tryptic digestion overnight at 37 °C. The resulting peptides were identified by LC/MS analysis. Using the SEQUEST search engine within the Proteome Discoverer TM software suite (1. 4. 1. 14, Thermo Scientific), mass spectra were correlated with a database containing the sequences of wild-type and mutant PLC␥ 2 , a concatenation of the PRTC peptide sequences, and sequences of common contaminants commonly encountered in proteomic experiments, as used in the MaxQuant software  (65).
For relative quantitation, the precursor ions area detector node within Proteome Discoverer TM was used; preceding event detection was set to 4 ppm. Measurement of PLC Activity in Vitro-Phospholipase C activity was determined as described  (64, 66)  with minor modifications. In brief, aliquots (10 l) of purified PLC␥ 2 proteins appropriately diluted in buffer containing 60 mM Tris/maleate, pH 7. figure legends. For reconstitution of wild-type and mutant PLC␥ 2 with Rac2, purified PLC␥ 2 was reconstituted with 5 l of purified isoprenylated Rac2 and incubated with the phospholipid substrate as described above. The concentration of CaCl 2 required to adjust the concentration of free Ca 2ϩ to the desired value was calculated using the program EqCal for Windows (Biosoft, Ferguson, MO). The reaction was terminated, and the samples were analyzed for inositol phosphates, as described  (64).
Miscellaneous-SDS-PAGE and immunoblotting were performed according to standard protocols using antibodies reactive against the c-Myc epitope for wild-type and mutant PLC␥ 2. Immunoreactive proteins were visualized using the ECL Western blotting detection system (GE Healthcare). All experiments were performed at least three times. Similar results and identical trends were obtained each time. Data from representative experiments are shown as means Ϯ S. E. of triplicate determinations. In Figs. 2A, 3A, 4A, 7A, 9B, 10A, and 11C, the data were fitted by nonlinear least squares curve fitting to three-or fourparameter dose-response equations using GraphPad Prism, version 5. 04. In certain cases, the global curve fitting procedure contained in Prism was used to determine whether the best fit values of selected parameters differed between data sets.
The simpler model was selected unless the extra sum of squares F-test had a p value of less than 0. 05. Repeated measures analysis of variance with Tukey's post test contained in the GraphPad InStat software package (version 3. 10; GraphPad Software, La Jolla, CA) was used for the statistical analysis of the data shown in Figs. 1A  and 8A. Statistically significant effects are denoted by ***, p Ͻ 0. 001; **, p Ͼ 0. 001 and p Ͻ 0. 01; and *, p Ͼ 0. 01 and p Ͻ 0. 05. Non-significant changes are denoted by ns, p Ͻ 0. 05. Author Contributions-C. W. , E. H. , A. S. , S. W. , J. D. , and M. Z. performed the experiments and analyzed the data. P. G. provided overall direction and wrote the manuscript with input from L. D. , D. M. , S. S. , and the other authors.