dataesr/scientific-paragraphs-categorization huggingface dataset:
RESULTS After preparing the data for the modelling, The function function is used to train our model over 50 iterations, allowing us to  The architecture of our neural network. decreases and the accuracy increase with iterations, as the training algorithm continuously updates the weights and biases in the neural network according to the training data. We curves (blue and orange) are very close for both Test and Train data sets, which means that the model has been well trained. We also notice the Test and Train data sets decrease towards 0, which means that the model performs well. Thus, we calculated the metric for the training and test data and obtained an accuracy equal to 99,33% using the test data Indeed, according to the value of the metric obtained, we can conclude that our model has a fairly high level of predictability, which will help us to make accurate predictions of the recruitment decision.
CONCLUSION Selecting and hiring the right candidate is a daunting task for the company. Therefore, companies are looking for tools that can collect, sort and analyse a large amount of information about candidates to assess their person-Intelligence provides to improve this hiring process. It is in this context that our paper is written, we have tried to detect the importance of using these techniques in the construction of a model capable of predicting the recruitment decision of new candidates for a company. so we have exploited a database that includes a range of explanatory variables that describe the level of competence of candidates. After following the process adopted by data mining techniques, we were able to achieve racy obtained at the end of the modelling process, which exceeds 99%, reveals the robustness of the model obtained, which will improve the hiring process for companies.
:network The vast majority of neural networks have a "training" algorithm which consists of modifying the synaptic weights according to a set of data presented as input to the network. The purpose of this training is to allow the neural network to learn from the examples. If the training is carried out correctly, the network is able to provide output responses very close to the original values of the training dataset. But the interest of neural networks lies in their ability to generalise from the test set. It is therefore possible to use a neural network to ory.
Introduction: Poor restoration of relative pelvic version (RPV) after adult spinal deformity (ASD) surgery is linked to an increased risk of mechanical complications and worse quality of life. We studied the factors associated with the postoperative improvement of RPV. Materials and Methods: Retrospective analysis of a prospective multicenter ASD database. Selection criteria: operated patients with preoperative severe pelvic retroversion as per GAP-score (RPV<-15º); panlumbar fusions to pelvis; 2 years follow-up. Patients were assigned to groups A or B according to whether they had postoperative improvement in RPV or not, respectively. Differences between groups were analyzed in: baseline demographics, comorbidities, and preoperative sagittal parameters; surgical factors; postoperative sagittal parameters at 6 weeks, 6 months, 1 year, and 2 years.
Acknowledgements The authors are grateful to  Karl-Heinz Schmidt  for enlightening discussions. The work was partially sponsored by the  French-Polish agreements LEA COPIGAL  (no. 9 ) and the  IN2P3-COPIN consortium  (projects nos. 09-136  and  12-145 ), the  Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education  (Grant no. 2011/03/B/ST2/01894 ).
Analysis of the literature was then conducted and the recommendations were formulated according to the GRADE methodology. Results: The SFAR/ANARLF/SFNV/SFNR/GFHT guideline panel drew up 18 recommendations regarding anaesthetic management of mechanical thrombectomy procedures. Due to a lack of data in the literature allowing to conclude with high certainty on relevant clinical outcomes, the experts decided to formulate these guidelines as ''Professional Practice Recommendations'' (PPR) rather than ''Formalized Expert Recommendations''. After two rounds of rating and several amendments, a strong agreement was reached on 100% of the recommendations. No recommendation could be formulated for two questions. Conclusions: Strong agreement among experts was reached to provide a sizable number of recommendations aimed at optimising anaesthetic management for thrombectomy in patients suffering from stroke.
Methodology of the bibliographic research and formulation of the recommendations Up until March 2022, extensive bibliographic research was carried out on the MEDLINE PubMed TM and clinicaltrials. gov databases by at least two experts in each field of application in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) methodology for systematic reviews. Were included in the analysis: meta-analyses, randomized controlled trials, non-randomized prospective trials, retrospective cohorts, case series, and case reports conducted in patients presenting with cerebral artery occlusion and eligible for endovascular treatment, published in English or French. Analysis of the literature was then carried out in accordance with the GRADE 1 (Grade of Recommendation Assessment, Development, and Evaluation) methodology.
The endpoints were preliminarily defined as follows: -Primary endpoint: neurological prognosis at 3 months (assessed by the Rankin score) (importance 8). -Secondary endpoints: short-term neurological morbidity (importance 7), success of the thrombectomy (assessed by the TICI score) (importance 6). Given the very low number of available studies presenting sufficient power with regard to the most substantive primary endpoint, it was decided before the recommendations were drafted to adopt a Professional Practice Recommendations (PPR) rather than a Formalized Expert Recommendations (FER) format. The GRADE 1 methodology was applied in the analysis of the literature and in the drafting of summary tables recapitulating the data in the literature. A level of evidence was determined for each of the cited bibliographic references according to the type of study.
In an Italian prospective cohort study involving 4429 patients treated by endovascular thrombectomy  [12] , GA was associated with a worse 3-months functional prognosis than LA or conscious sedation (CS). It bears mentioning that in this study, the initial median NHISS score was lower in the LA group than in the PS or GA group, and that the reasons for conversion to GA were not reported (a major source of bias). In fact, it is not possible to prioritize one technique for endovascular thrombectomy following an ischemic anterior circulation stroke. While awaiting the results of more robust randomized controlled studies in which LA would be more clearly defined with regard to the other anaesthesia techniques (NCT02677415), it seems reasonable to privilege optimized anaesthesia management through an approach adopted to patient characteristics and reliant on local expertise.
Indications are frequently ''compassionate'', particularly in case of severe forms, with individual benefits often found only after an extended lapse of time. Procedures are technically more challenging than in anterior circulation, and correspondingly lengthier. The literature assessing anaesthetic management of posterior circulation occlusions is limited and uniquely observational, with databases including very few patients (at most 298 patients in a Spanish series)  [13]. Definition of a ''general anaesthesia'' group is generally restricted to ''intubated patient'', and that of a ''sedation/local anaesthesia'' group to ''non-intubated patient''. Some trials only include basilar occlusion, while others involve all occlusion of the posterior circulation. Out of the 7 analysed trials, 4 pertain to an Asian population presenting much more atherosclerotic aetiology than others and possibly markedly different healthcare organization, which may be a source of selection bias and external validity bias.
09). Published in 2016, the work by Mundiyanapurath et al. [41]  is a before-after study including patients having undergone thrombectomy under general anaesthesia. It was initially carried out with retrospective collection of data from 2008 to 2010 on 60 patients, and then, after implementation of a protocol imposing strict etCO 2 control (between 40 and 45 mmHg) by retrospective collection of data from 2012 on 64 patients. In univariate analysis only, the authors found a statistically significant association between a prolonged time lapse (>105 min) of etCO 2 between 40 and 45 mmHg and a poor prognosis (mRS 3-6). As a result, when etCO 2 is measured in patients under general anaesthesia with an invasive airway approach, values outside of the physiological norms (<35 and >40 mmHg) seem to be associated with an unfavourable neurological prognosis, leading the experts to suggest etCO 2 target values between 35 and 40 mmHg.
Methods A partition survival model was developed to project clinical outcomes, quality of life, and costs of patients with HCC treated with ATZ+BVA versus sorafenib over a lifetime horizon. Survival outcomes were extrapolated via parametric functions for both treatment strategies. Quality of life (EQ-5D-5L, French tariffs) were sourced from IMbrave150. The Guyot method was considered as a scenario analysis by integrating retrospective real-world data extracted from the French Health Insurance Database to refine long term survival extrapolations.
Although no official threshold of maximum willingnessto-pay for an additional Quality Adjusted Life Year (QALY) has been published in French guidelines, Tehard et al. estimated that the value of a QALY in France ranges between €147,093 and €201,398  [16]. In the 2021 technology appraisal, the HAS estimated the ICUR between ATZ+BVA versus sorafenib to be at 144,156 €/QALY, falling below the reported maximum willingness-to-pay  [15]. The objective of this study was to offer more visibility for decision-makers by updating the analysis presented in the HAS opinion with the most recent generic price for sorafenib, while also considering recent clinical guidance (ESMO guidelines Committee 2021), whereby sorafenib can also be considered in patients who progressed with ATZ+BVA. Given the limited patient follow-up in the pivotal study IMbrave150, we investigated the use of the Guyot Method  [17]  considering external real-world data from a retrospective database in France to adjust survival extrapolations and strengthen the robustness of results as part of a scenario analysis.
Structuring choices In our analysis, the number of life years (LY) gained for each treatment strategy (ATZ+BVA or sorafenib) was weighted by patients' quality of life. The cost-effectiveness of ATZ+BVA versus sorafenib was estimated by dividing the incremental costs by the incremental QALYs. We used a partitioned survival model to estimate costs and clinical outcomes of ATZ+BVA versus sorafenib over a lifetime horizon, estimated at 15 years given the disease evolution and epidemiological data evidence  [13]. Within a partitioned survival model, health states are based on the partitioning of the proportion of patients alive into on treatment/ progression free and off treatment/ progression at discrete time points. This structure is typically utilized in pharmacoeconomic analyses related to oncology  [18].
Efficacy and safety data from IMbrave150 Most clinical data used in the cost-utility analysis was estimated from the individual patientlevel data from the IMbrave150 clinical trial. The first interim analysis of IMbrave150, based on the August 2019 cut-off, showed that ATZ+BVA provides a clinically meaningful and statistically significant benefit compared to sorafenib in terms of OS and PFS  [14]. Moreover, IMbrave150 showed the longest survival among all phase III studies conducted in first-line treatment of advanced/unresectable HCC. A descriptive updated analysis in August 2020 added another 12 months of follow-up (median follow-up of 15. 6 months). Median OS was 19. 2 months with ATZ+BVA versus 13. 4 months with sorafenib (HR, 0. 66 [95% Confidence Interval CI, 0. 52, 0. 85]; P = 0. 0009)  [20].
As such, this method enriches and refines the extrapolation of the survival curves to account for all available evidence. The adjustment of the long-term predictions is done through a forced convergence of the conditional survival of the control arm to the conditional survival of the external data (i. e. , the ATHENOR study). Such an approach allows the extrapolation from a parametric independent model to consider external evidence, leading to predictions that are more robust and clinically plausible. The survival parameters are then estimated using information from both the clinical trial and the real-life long-term data.
Integration of survival using additional ATHENOR data (scenario analysis) ATHENOR is a retrospective observational study based on the French database SNDS (Système National des Données de Santé), which includes claims data for over 65 million individuals covering 99% of the total population. ATHENOR aimed to describe the characteristics, management, OS, duration of treatment, and level of resource use of advanced HCC patients treated with first-line sorafenib  [8]. The study included 17,680 patients that had received at least one dose of sorafenib between 2009 and 2018  [21]. Patients treated with sorafenib were predominantly male (87. 6%) and had a median age of 68 years. Main causes of chronic liver diseases were alcoholic liver disease (55%), hepatitis C (20%), hepatitis B (7%), and Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis [NASH]/Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease [NAFLD] (7%).
Utilities were analysed using a mixed model adjusting for centralised baseline utilities using the patient identifier variable as a random intercept. Additional disutility decrements were considered to reflect a reduction of quality of life in patients experiencing adverse events (observed in IMbrave150 clinical trial). Grade 3 and 4 adverse events that occurred in the clinical trial with a frequency higher than 1% were included as one-off event at first cycle. Utility decrements came from various sources in the literature, and when data were missing, higher decrements found in the literature were applied. Patients' quality of life throughout the trial rapidly dropped as patients approached death. In an additional scenario, a mean utility score of 0. 6109 (Standard Error [SE]: 0. 0203) was considered to account for this decrease in the five weeks before death.
Costs and medical resource use Costs were estimated from a collective perspective meaning that all resources directly involved in the production of care of patients with HCC were considered. All costs were inflated to €2019 based on the health and personal care component of the Consumer Price Index  [23]. Unit costs were associated with specific levels of medical resource use, based on French or European clinical practice. Where information was missing, experts' opinion was collected via questionnaires to French Key Opinion Leaders (KOL). Treatment acquisition costs were identified via the national database of drug prices in France (Base des Médicaments et information Tarifaires) with dosing schedules based on the summary of product characteristics  [24]. The cost of administration of ATZ+BVA was estimated from the 2017 National Study of Costs in France (Etude Nationale des Coûts [ENC]) considering a weighted average between the private and the public sector  [25].
Exploration of uncertainty Sensitivity and scenario analyses were conducted to explore the impact of uncertainty and assumptions on model outcomes. Deterministic one-way analyses were developed to identify the influence of individual parameters. When confidence intervals were not available, a range of ±10% of the base-case values was considered. Probabilistic multivariate sensitivity analyses were run based on 1,000 iterations varying all considered parameters based on sampling distributions. Costs were assigned gamma distributions. Utility values, probabilities, or proportions were assigned beta distributions assuming the standard deviation of 10% from mean values when robust data were not available.
First, survival extrapolations are a source of uncertainty. Standard parametric models were considered for model selection, while more flexible models (splines and other nonparametric regression models) could have been considered. However, conservative approaches were used throughout, and Guyot's method was considered in a scenario analysis. This provided long-term survival extrapolations which reflected observed survival in the French retrospective database. A second limitation, inherent to Guyot's method and acknowledged by its authors, is that the approach relies on the assumption that relative conditional survival provides an accurate way of extrapolating data from the trial. As this paper constitutes the first application known to the authors of the Guyot's method in this indication, it is difficult to conclude over the relationship between relative conditional survival and long-term extrapolations in HCC.
In addition, overall survival of the ATZ+BVA arm was reproduced with the hazard ratio from IMbrave150. Although the Guyot's method added a constraint on the survival curve through the conditional hazard rate, the long-term validity of the proportional hazard assumption cannot be verified. The degree of reliance on the use of the French retrospective database to adjust the treatment effect on OS is difficult to assess. There is little evidence in the literature regarding the impact of the Guyot's method over the conclusions of a cost-utility analysis. Our analysis demonstrates the benefits of investigating the impact of external data on long term extrapolations through the Bayesian Guyot Method, which is not included as a standard practice in the National Institute for Clinical Excellence Decision Support Unit (NICE DSU) technical support document  [26]  and rarely presented in the context of HTA appraisals.
Total costs of 2L treatments (acquisition, administration, and AE related to regorafenib and cabozantinib) (2 nd cut off) 22,646. 62 - BdM_IT (French National Price Database) Common costs for both strategies Transport cost (included in administration cost for ATZ+BVA) 52. 42 for return trip NA Report from Cour des Comptes 2019 Report from IRDES 2011 Follow up costs post progression NA 32. 88 ENC 2017 (National Cost End of life cost 6,357. 58 NA Study) ATZ+BVA: Atezolizumab + Bevacizumab; BdM_IT: Base des medicaments et des informations tarifaires; IRDES: Institut de recherche et documentation en economie de la sante; AE : Adverse events; NA: not aplicable. https://doi. org/10. 1371/journal. pone. 0280442. t002.
Nurses enrolled in the study Nurses that were enrolled in the study were oncology or endocrinology nurses experienced in treating patients with NETs and/or acromegaly for at least 1 year. Eligible nurses were responsible for administering treatment and had at least 1 year of experience in injecting long-acting SSAs (with at least two different types of syringe), had treated at least four patients with NETs or acromegaly per year or at least one patient every 3 months, and were practising in settings treating patients with long-acting SSAs. All nurses signed a consent form for both syringe testing and data collection prior to participation. During the study, the percentage of nurses with experience injecting with the Lanreotide Pharmathen syringe was monitored to ensure that at least 25% of nurses had experience with this syringe.
Statistics The sample size calculation was based on an exact test for a binomial proportion with a two-sided 5% alpha level and a power of 80%. Assuming an expected proportion at 65%, the null hypothesis being that the proportion equals 50%, 92 nurses were planned to be recruited. Analyses were conducted on the main study population which included all nurses enrolled in the study who: (a) provided informed consent in the survey, (b) were assigned a randomisation number, (c) completed the testing session with the two syringes, (d) assessed their preference for the Somatuline Autogel syringe compared with the Lanreotide Pharmathen syringe, (e) met all eligibility criteria, and (f) had no major data quality concerns. For the primary endpoint, the percentage (95% exact [Clopper-Pearson] confidence interval [CI]) of nurses preferring the Somatuline Autogel syringe ("strong" or "slight" preference) or the Lanreotide Pharmathen syringe was calculated.
Acknowledgements The authors thank all the nurses who took part in the study, as well as the various organisations and institutions (Centres of Excellence, hospital and community health services, and nurse networks) for assisting with recruitment. Medical writing support: The authors thank  Liz Sloan  ( PhD ),  Kirsty Walters  ( PhD ), and  Tamzin Gristwood  ( PhD ) of  Oxford PharmaGenesis, Oxford, UK , who provided medical writing and editorial support, which was sponsored by  Ipsen  in accordance with Good Publication Practice (GPP 2022) guidelines.
Data availability Qualified researchers may request access to study data that underlie the results reported in this publication. Additional relevant study documents, including the clinical study report, study protocol with any amendments, annotated case report form, statistical analysis plan and dataset specifications may also be made available. Data will be anonymised, and study documents will be redacted to protect the privacy of study participants. Where applicable, data from eligible studies are available 6 months after the studied medicine and indication have been approved in the US and EU, or after the primary manuscript describing the results has been accepted for publication, whichever is later. Further details on Ipsen's sharing criteria, eligible studies and process for sharing are available here (https:// vivli.
The cell was equipped from each side with three connections (inlet, outlet, and static line for the pressure transducer). The inlet/outlet pressures and differential pressure (dP) were measured using a Keller differential pressure sensor. A data acquisition system was used to monitor the pressure, mass flow and temperature. Finally, the set-up was installed in dedicated radiography facility equipment for in-situ saturation monitoring. For all dry-out tests, the sample was set vertically, with the gas injected from the top of the plug and the water from the bottom. The capillary contact (for experiments 3 and 4) is maintained by sweeping the bottom of the plug. For the 2D plots, the core axis was normalized as follows: x = 0 referred to the bottom, and x = L refers to the top.
NMO determination As previously mentioned, disentangling the two oscillation modes (normal and inverted) requires the detector to have the ability to measure the fast atmospheric oscillations. The sensitivity of JUNO to the NMO is calculated using an Asimov sample. The positron spectrum is fitted assuming normal or inverted ordering with the 2 method and the correct ordering is then determined by constructing the estimator Δ 2 NMO = | 2 min (NO) -2 min (IO)|. Since JUNO sensitivity is based on the vacuum oscillations, the NMO determination has no dependence on the unknown CP-violating phase and the 23 octant, adding unique information when combined with other neutrino experiments. Fig. 3  depicts that after 6 years of data taken, 26. 6 GW of exposure, the expected sensitivity would be larger than 3 by fitting JUNO's data alone.
JUNO Simulation Preliminary To extract the neutrino oscillation parameters, the expected spectrum that JUNO will measure, illustrated in Fig. 2 , is compared against the hypothesis model obtained using the nominal oscillation parameters from  [7]. JUNO is expected to improve today's precision by measuring three out of six neutrino oscillation parameters to the per mile precision, as shown in table 1. In fact, JUNO will dominate the world precision on those parameters with only about 100 days of data taking  [8].