dataesr/scientific-paragraphs-categorization huggingface dataset:
Of note, the EGB does not include clinical information such as visit reason, diagnoses made outside hospitals, biological test results or patients' anthropometric data. The challenges associated with the use of administrative databases have been well documented. 16 In this study, the difficulties in selecting the patients with uncontrolled severe asthma were associated with potential measurement bias related to coding errors in hospital diagnoses; this source of error is likely limited and non-differential between groups. The algorithms assumed that filled prescriptions Open access were proxies to treatment use; however, it is not possible to confirm that a filled prescription has been taken. Potential indications of asthma treatments for other chronic pulmonary diseases such as COPD were accounted for, since an exclusion criterion based on ALD declarations or hospitalisations related to other chronic pulmonary diseases was considered.
CONCLUSIONS This database study demonstrates the huge burden of uncontrolled severe asthma in terms of mortality, morbidity and healthcare resource consumption compared with other patients with asthma and the general population. These findings emphasise the importance of appropriate management in this high-risk population. * A standardized mean difference < 0,1 after matching is considered as acceptable. **Psychiatric illness includes depression, anxiety, and psychotic disorders. BMJ Publishing Group Limited (BMJ) disclaims all liability and responsibility arising from any reliance Supplemental material placed on this supplemental material which has been supplied by the author(s).
Funding This work was supported by  Sanofi-Aventis France. Competing interests PD has received honoraria and/or research grants from  ALK, Mylan-Viatris ,  Stallergenes ,  ThermoFisher Scientific ,  AstraZeneca ,  GSK ,  Novartis ,  Menarini  and  Regeneron. GG has received honoraria from  ALK ,  Novartis ,  AstraZeneca ,  GSK ,  Sanofi  and  Chiesi  for conferences or advisory board meetings. NR has received research funding from  Boehringer Ingelheim ,  GSK ,  Pfizer  and  Novartis  and honoraria from  Boehringer Ingelheim ,  Pfizer ,  Novartis ,  Teva ,  GSK ,  AstraZeneca ,  Chiesi ,  Sanofi  and  Zambon. LV , AM, VP are Sanofi employee and may hold shares and/or stock options in the company. No other disclosures were reported. Patient and public involvement Patients and/or the public were not involved in the design, or conduct, or reporting, or dissemination plans of this research.
Data availability statement No data are available. All data relevant to the study are included in the article or uploaded as supplemental information. Supplemental material This content has been supplied by the author(s). It has not been vetted by BMJ Publishing Group Limited (BMJ) and may not have been peer-reviewed. Any opinions or recommendations discussed are solely those of the author(s) and are not endorsed by BMJ. BMJ disclaims all liability and responsibility arising from any reliance placed on the content. Where the content includes any translated material, BMJ does not warrant the accuracy and reliability of the translations (including but not limited to local regulations, clinical guidelines, terminology, drug names and drug dosages), and is not responsible for any error and/or omissions arising from translation and adaptation or otherwise.
Finite element analysis of the flexible finger 3. 2. 1 Design of the bending simulation The flexible fingers worked by being bent towards the bottom layer. The clamping ability of the end-effector was affected by the bending performance of the flexible fingers. In this paper, static analysis module in Ansys Workbench was used to simulate and analyze the model. The tested models were 4-chamber, 5-chamber, and 6-chamber flexible fingers. The material of the flexible fingers was Dragon Skin 30. According to the research of Michigan State University  [31]  , the Ogden model with parameter values D=1, α 1 =2. 7172, μ 1 =0. 1581 MPa was the best constitutive model. D, α, μ respectively represent the incompressible parameter, the strain hardening exponent, and the shear modulus of the material. Hex Dominant was used for meshing.
Flexible finger optimization based on genetic algorithm Genetic algorithm is a method to search for the optimal solution by simulating the natural evolution process. Based on the working requirements, the optimal solutions for the number of chambers, the number of fingers, and inflation pressure were obtained by genetic algorithm. The energy consumption and the production cost were used as optimization parameters to reduce the cost of the end-effector. Genetic algorithm in Optimization Tool of Matlab was used for optimization. The boundary conditions of the relevant variables were as follows:              (2) where, n, k, p, F x , F z , and m represent number of chambers of a flexible finger, number of flexible fingers of end-effector, inflation pressure, horizontal force generated by flexible finger, vertical force generated by flexible finger, and mass of tomatoes.
The printing conditions shown in Table  1  were combined to manufacture 3D-printed dogbone shapes (Figure  1 ) made of PLC filament. Three main sample orientations were selected, namely vertical, horizontal, and lateral (Figure  1a ). These correspond to a building direction parallel to the length, thickness, and width of the sample. In addition, the printing angle corresponds to the arrangement of the filament within the plane of construction, which is normal for the building direction. In this study, four printing angles were selected: 0°, 15°, 30°, and 45°, generating layups of -45°/+45°, -30°/+60°, -15°/+75°, and 0°/+90°, respectively  [31]. These layups were generated in the Cura software and are illustrated in Figure  1b -d for all three orientations, where the filament arrangement is fully captured by the two successive layers.
The number of discontinued paths varied from one path to another. For instance, the horizontal orientation encompassed the largest filament paths (Figure  1d ), whereas the vertical orientation only allowed short paths (Figure  1b ). These correspond to a building direction parallel to the length, thickness, and width of the sample. In addition, the printing angle corresponds to the arrangement of the filament within the plane of construction, which is normal for the building direction. In this study, four printing angles were selected: 0               , and 0 • /+90 • , respectively  [31]. These layups were generated in the Cura software and are illustrated in Figure  1b -d for all three orientations, where the filament arrangement is fully captured by the two successive layers. The number of discontinued paths varied from one path to another.
C. Postprocessing We perform all of the postprocessing of the ab initio MD runs using the Universal Molecular Dynamics (UMD) software package  [43]. We are analyzing structural, transport, vibrational, thermodynamic, and electronic properties in the subcritical and supercritical regimes. FIG. 1. Construction of the phase stability fields and critical point from pressure-density relations along several isotherms. The maxima and minima of the isotherms coincide with the liquid and gas spinodal points, respectively. The spinodal lines connect these points. The Maxwell construction delimits regions of equal area between the pressure-density curve and the liquid-vapor equilibrium pressure at each temperature. The equal-area regions are represented with hashed fields. The line joining the densities of the vapor, ρ eq v , in equilibrium with the liquid, ρ eq l , at all temperatures is the binodal line.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We acknowledge support from the  European Research Council  under  EU   Horizon 2020 research and innovation program  (Grant Agreement No. 681818-IMPACT  to R. C. ), the  Research Council of Norway , Project No. 223272 , and access to supercomputing facilities via the eDARI stl2816 grants, the  PRACE   RA4947  grant, and the  Uninet2 NN9697K grant.
In addition, numerical studies on anatomical models were carried out using CST® software. The results indicate that the recorded thresholds all exceed the EF and MF public exposure limits given in the ICNIRP 2010 guidelines. No dysfunction was observed among four ICDs tested under MF exposure up to 2750 µT at 50 Hz and 2480 µT at 60 Hz. However, among the 43 PMs and 11 ICDs tested under EF exposures, potential hazards may occur below the occupational exposure level proposed in the ICNIRP guidelines.
A phantom respecting the induction occurring inside the human body was used in the in vitro experiments, referring to the induction level simulated on an anatomical human body model. Interference with PMs for various lead configurations and implantation positions were also computed on the anatomical model exposed to a 50Hz EF, using CST EM® 3D software  [16]. In this paper, we have summarized the methods applied and the results obtained by our group for MF and EF exposure. They are discussed in the frame of the risk assessments proposed by the standard EN 50527.
In unipolar sensing mode, the cardiac signal is sensed between the metallic container and an electrode at the end of the lead; in bipolar sensing mode, the cardiac implant senses the signal between two electrodes (tip and ring) at the respective extremities of the lead. The evaluation of the induced voltage on the cardiac implant can be obtained by integration according to the equation (  4 )  [22]  : U = ∫ Generator / Ring Tip E ⇀ ⋅dl. (4) In this study, theoretical modeling of the behavior of PMs and ICDs exposed to EMFs was carried out in parallel with experimental studies. CST EM® software, based on the finite integration technique, was used for the simulations with the electro/magneto-quasi-static equations. We limited the frequency band of the occupational exposures to the low frequency EM fields (50/60 Hz); thus the studies of exposures to the EFs and MFs were carried out separately.
6 cm tall in standing position, with arms closed on the side and grounded feet. The model, constructed with 272 organs and 32 tissues with the dielectric properties of the IT'IS database  [20]  , was simulated under 1 kV/m 50 Hz EF exposure. Compared to the voxel model using hexahedral mesh, the tetrahedral mesh of Ansoft model respects the rounded geometries of organs and avoids the step effect. The induced EFs on the organs are given in Table  1. The cardiac implant model was implanted in the 2 mm resolution Ansoft anatomical model under 1 kV/m 50 Hz exposure for numerical computations (Fig. 2 ). The induced voltage on the cardiac implant can be affected by several factors. We performed studies on the influence of the sensing mode, the lead dimensions, the tip position, the chamber impact, and the sensitivity settings of the cardiac implant  [16].
Empedobacter falsenii is an emerging opportunistic pathogen that has been occasionally implicated in various human infections. In this study, we described the genomic features of a multidrug resistant E. falsenii Q1655 obtained from a patient attending a public hospital in Sokoto, northwest Nigeria. The isolate, E. falsenii Q1655, was isolated from the stool sample of a patient in Sokoto, Nigeria. The identity of the isolate was confirmed by MALDITOF-MS. The disc diffusion test and modified Carba-NP test were used for phenotypic antibiotic susceptibility test and carbapenemase enzyme production test, respectively. The whole genome of the strain was sequenced using the Illumina MiSeq technique. Resistome analysis was done by annotation of the WGS against the ARG-ANNOT database. The isolate was resistant to all β-lactam antibiotics with the exception of cefepime.
, 2015). The result of antibiotic susceptibility test was interpreted using the EUCAST breakpoints for non-Enterobacteriaceae. Detection of genes encoding ESBLs (bla CTX- M , bla TEM , bla SHV ) and carbapenemases (bla OXA-48 , bla VIM , bla IMP , bla NDM and bla KPC ) was done using the real-time PCR (qPCR) as previously described  (Lalaoui et al. , 2018). The whole genome of the strain was thereafter sequenced using the MiSeq technique (Illumina Inc. , San Diego, CA, USA). The reads obtained were assembled using Spades software and annotated by the Prokka bacterial genome annotation pipeline  (Bankevich et al. , 2012; Prokka, 2014). The Plasmid incompatibility (Inc) groups and resistome analysis were determined insilico using the PlasmidFinder 2. 0 platform and annotation of the whole genome sequence (WGS) against antibiotic resistance gene annotation (ARG-ANNOT) database, respectively  (Carattoli et al.
The genome assembly results to a chromosome size of 3,482,659-bp with a G + C content of 34. 4% (Table  1 ). Resistome analysis of the WGS of E. falsenii Q1655 against ARG-ANNOT database revealed the presence of a novel metallo-β-lactamase type 2, a chromosomal bla EBR-4 which exhibited 94. 92% and 97. 02% nucleotide and protein identity with bla EBR-3 gene of E. falsenii 174,820 (Accession No: NG_066507). Pairwise alignment of the amino acid sequence revealed that the bla EBR-4 differs from bla EBR-3 by only 6 amino-acids (Fig. 1 ). Seven and eight amino-acid substitutions were observed with the bla EBR-1 of Empedobacter brevis (Accession No: WP_063860216) and bla EBR-2 of E. falsenii (Accession No: WP_038333643), respectively. The various mutations were expected to affect the biological activity of the enzyme.
At least, nine species were observed along the European Atlantic coast  (Bresnan et al. , 2021) , but various reports and publications detailed morphological variation among species that can be greater than initially described, specifically for the Dinophysis acuminata complex  (Lassus and Bardouil, 1991; Bravo et al. , 1995; Raho et al. , 2013; Wolny et al. , 2020; Sećhet et al. , 2021). Monitoring programs thus provide some historical and well distributed dataset to identify areas with recurrent blooms of this genus but the interpretation of the time series remains difficult at the species level and probably introduced bias in our perception of their ecology. For example,  Bresnan et al. (2021)  consider members of the Dinophysis acuminata complex are coastal species but according to their long growing season (occurring from spring to early autumn) and life duration, a coastal limitation of these species seems unlikely.
Paired-end sequencing was performed using 2 x 150 bp cycles on Illumina Hiseq3000 at the GeT-PlaGe France Genomics sequencing platform (Toulouse, France   2013 ) by pooling the reads of the different strains belonging to the same species. Second, a single genus wide de novo assembly was obtained by pooling the reads from the 14 strains. Only transcripts longer than 200 bp were retained. When several isoforms were identified, only the longest one was retained. The reads from each strain were individually mapped to the seven reference transcriptomes using the BWA-MEM aligner  Li (2013)  and the percentage of remapping on each reference calculated. As the percentage of remapping on the genus wide reference was higher than 99% for all strains for a total size of 802 660 transcripts (to be compared to the sum of the six species specific reference transcriptomes: 1 921 084 transcripts), the genus wide reference transcriptome was selected for the analyses presented below.
Reads from the 14 Dinophysis strains described above as well as from another D. acuminata strain obtained from the MMETSP database were aligned to the genus wide Dinophysis reference transcriptome. Reads from the 120 meta-transcriptomic datasets were aligned to the meta-reference. Alignments were performed using the BWA-MEM aligner  Li (2013). Samtools  Li and Godzik (2006)  was used to discard reads displaying low quality alignments (MapQ<10) as well as the ones mapping to several transcripts (FLAGS < 1,000). For each meta-transcriptomic dataset, the relative abundance of the transcripts for each gene in each sample was calculated  Metegnier et al. (2020). SNPs from the strains were identified using Freebayes  (Garrison and Marth, 2012)  as described in Le  Gac et al. (2016). VCFTOOLS  (Danecek et al.
, 2011)  was used to keep SNPs with two alleles, a quality criterion higher than 40, and covered more than 10 times in each strain. It corresponded to a total of 296,887 SNPs. Nucleotide divergence was calculated for each pair of strains as the number of variant sites divided by the total number of sites covered more than ten times in each strain. Strains were clustered based on nucleotide divergence using hclust in R. The allelic frequencies of the natural populations based on the meta-transcriptomic samples were obtained using FreeBayes  (Garrison and Marth, 2012)  enforcing diploidy, and extracting coverage for each of the two alleles at the various SNP positions identified in the strain datasets. PLINK  (Purcell et al. , 2007)  was used to prune SNPs displaying strong linkage disequilibrium (10 kb windows, 10 bp window step size, 0.
Following  Metegnier et al. (2020) , environmental reads obtained from 120 in-situ samples were aligned to a metareference database composed of 313 species specific reference transcriptomes (Figure  S2 ). A large proportion of environmental reads did not align to the metareference (20 to 80%), probably because several species abundant in the natural samples were not represented in the metareference database. Dinophysis genus, which is assumed to be oceanic, only represented a very small proportion of environmental reads (< 5%) despite the differential filtration used and the samples preselection based on microscopic observations. This observation was in agreement with the microscopic observations of our samples. Despite the significant presence of Dinophysis cells, they were never the most abundant fraction of the samples.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We thank  Rodriguez Francisco ,  Pilar Rial  ( IEO, Vigo ) and  Liliane Carpentier  ( IFREMER, Nantes ) for the isolation and source of biological material belonging to Dinophysis strains from  NW Spain and France. We also thank  Marivi Lucero  (AZTI),  Pascale Malestroit  and  Marie-Madeleine Danielou (IFREMER)  for their contributions to the sampling and samples selection.
Conclusion The mechanism of BiVO 4 LIB anodes is extremely complex and the behavior of the various amorphous components has proved very difficult to track. Using a single TSCT dataset analyzed with multiple methods, backed up with ex situ TEM on a lithiated anode, we have obtained a very detailed, time resolved picture of how the metallate anode functions at a range of length scales. We have confirmed the basic mechanism of bismuth (de)lithiation, which explains the majority of the capacity, and furthermore, reveal previously hidden complexity in this mechanism. For the first time the atomic structure and activity of the Li y VO 4 matrix are clearly visible in the area averaged operando PDFCT data, which also contain information on the Super-P carbon additive, helping us to understand sources of anode capacity beyond Li x Bi.
The operando TSCT mapping and TEM data reveal larger scale changes in the distribution and structure of the active material and hint at how the longer-term deactivation of the anodes might be triggered by the growth of large crystallites within the amorphous Li y VO 4 matrix and/or dissolution of the active material into the electrolyte. The richness of information obtained from the operando TSCT is beyond anything we have previously encountered for a single operando experiment. Not only does this dataset prove once again that this method is superior to typical transmission operando total scattering cells for measuring high quality PDF data on complex materials, it also shows that PDFCT imaging can be a highly effective tool for studying the microstructural changes in a working electrode. Never before has an amorphous electrode been imaged in real time with chemical selectivity.
Operando TSCT The operando electrochemical cell design is based on our previous design. 8 In the new version (Fig. S [cell], ESI †) the sample container consists of a fully X-ray amorphous sealed quartz tube containing two glassy carbon pistons (3 mm in diameter) on which the working electrode and Li metal counter electrode are directly deposited. The pistons are pressed together by a spring to create electric and ionic contact within the electrochemical cell. The sample container is aligned such that the approximately 30 mm thick working electrode layer is oriented in plane with the X-ray beam and can be rotated by up to 3601 around its vertical axis during the measurement. TSCT data were collected at beamline ID15A of the European Synchrotron (ESRF). The cell was mounted on a fast translation/ rotation stage capable of movement in the x,y and z planes of the diffractometer.
This resulted in a voxel (3D pixel) size of 40 Â 40 Â 13 mm 3. In-house ID15A software was used to remove air scattering contributions to the raw diffraction data based on diffractograms collected outside the sample. The data were integrated using PyFAI and reconstruction was carried out using the ID15A Matlab scripts. A trimmed mean filter was applied to remove artefacts due to larger single crystals. Integrated powder patterns for each voxel were converted to G(r) using PDFGetX3 in batch mode. TSCT processing was carried out in two different modes: 1. For analysis of the reaction mechanism only diffraction and total scattering data from the active material in each tomographic slice was taken into account. The initial distribution (which was rather inhomogeneous due to brush painting of the electrode slurry onto the piston) of crystalline BiVO 4 was determined using standard XRDCT methods (ESI, † Fig.
S1 ). Based on this distribution the powder patterns of all voxels containing active material (all other voxels were masked and not account for) were summed to a single high quality powder pattern for each tomographic slice and converted to G(r) and I(2Y). The slice closest to the current collector (slice 0 in Fig. 1 ), contained the most active material and was used for analysis of the mechanism. 2. For TSCT mapping a further set of G(r) data were produced in which the data from individual voxels were rebinned with a large radial step size (0. 2 Å) to reduce the noise levels. The difference between the PDFs obtained from an average of the entire active area and a single voxel after 0. 2 Å rebinning is shown in ESI † Fig. S2. XRDCT maps were produced using the untreated I(q) data. The G(r) maps were produced using a single characteristic r value for each of the phases (BiVO 4 = 3.
Acknowledgements We thank the  ESRF  for providing beam time at ID15A and gratefully acknowledge the  Research Council of Norway  for financial support to AMR (Grant no. Nano-MILIB ,  220135 ) and access to supercomputing facilities (project no. NN2875k ). We also thank  Jonas Skåra Ringnes  for building and helping to design the TSCT cells,  Anthony Vamvakeros  for useful discussions during the beam time and  Muhammad Abdelhamid  for assisting with the figures.
Toxicity and response assessments Toxicity was continuously evaluated during radiotherapy by radiation and medical oncologists. Toxicity was assessed according to the National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) version 3. 0. Moreover, dermatitis was scored using http://ctep. cancer. gov/protocolDevelopment/electronic applications/ctc. htm; desquamation was scored as none, dry, or moist; pruritus and oedema as absent or present. For all patients, responses assessments were performed at the regularly scheduled dates, at 10 and 14 weeks, and thereafter at 1, 3, 6, and 9 months according to RECIST version 1. 1. [40] , which corresponds to a global follow-up duration of 12 months or until death, whichever occurs first. Clinical or radiological tumor assessment (including local and distant tumor assessments) was performed at the date of last contact, close to the date of data cutoff in october 18, 2019.