dataesr/scientific-paragraphs-categorization huggingface dataset:
Tadpole descriptions Astylosternus batesi  (Boulenger, 1900)  Material examined. ZMB 82863 (GenBank MK318840),  Gosner stage 25, Cameroon, Mt Kala, 899 m, 3°50'27. 66"N, 11°20'52. 44"E, 9 November 2011, leg. M. F. Barej, H. C. Liedtke & N. L. Gonwouo; ZMB 82864 (GenBank MK318841),  Gosner stage 25, Cameroon, Ebo Forest, Bekob, 893 m, 4°21'51. 96"N, 10°25'10. 26"E, 30 September 2011, leg. M. Dahmen; ZMB 82865 (Gen-Bank MK318842),  Gosner stage 25, Cameroon, Ebo Forest, Bekob, 852 m, 4°21'54. 36"N, 10°25'17. 22"E, 1 September 2011, leg. M. Dahmen; ZMB 82866 (GenBank MK318843), 2 tadpoles, Gosner stage 25, Cameroon, Ebo Forest, Bekob, 917 m, 4°21'27. 42"N, 10°25'5. 94"E, 9 January 2011, leg. M. Hirschfeld & F. Grözinger; ZMB 82784 (GenBank MK318844),  Gosner stage 36, Cameroon, Ebo Forest, Bekob, 807 m, 4°21'54.
3"N, 10°25'24. 54"E, 10 January 2011, leg. M. Hirschfeld & F. Grözinger. All tadpoles were caught in small to medium-sized streams. The description is mainly based on ZMB 82865 and ZMB 82784. Genotyped tadpoles have been compared with an adult frog (MC11_205; GenBank MK318905) from Mount Kala, near Kala village, Cameroon. The genotyped individuals were genetically almost identical, the maximum uncorrected p-differences in pairwise comparisons was 0. 2% (1 bp). Description. Long slender tadpole with long, muscular tail and narrow fins (Fig. 1 ); body oblong oval in dorsal and lateral view; back with a medial longitudinal-depression; snout rounded in dorsal view, more narrow-rounded in lateral view; body length approximately 0. 3 (31. 3-36. 7%, N = 3) of total length; body height 46. 3 ± 5. 6% of body length; body width 60.
The description is mainly based on ZMB 82799 and ZMB 88346. Genotyped tadpoles have been compared with two adults from Mount Nlonako, Cameroon  (ZFMK 81585 and ZFMK 81702; GenBank MK318847, MK318848). The uncorrected pairwise p-difference between the tadpoles and between the tadpoles and the adults ranged from 0. 2-0. 7% (1-3 bp).
Coloration in preservation. Brown to dark brown, dorsal surfaces darker, venter lighter and more grayish; flanks densely beset with diffuse and small brown spots; intensity of patterning deceases from back to vent; tail fins slightly transparent, dorsal fin with dark patterning, ventral fin with fewer dark spots. Variation. ZMB 88346 had a particularly high body (95. 4% of maximum tail height) and a keratodont formula of 1:2+2/1+1:2. Channing et al. (2012)  report the keratodont formulae 3+3/2+2:1 and 3+3/1+1:2, as well as lighter coloration and less dark spots. The latter differences possibly are due to preservation differences. All tadpoles were caught in forest streams. The description is mainly based on ZMB 82868. Genotyped tadpoles have been compared with an adult from Bekop, Ebo forest, Cameroon (ZMB 82787; GenBank MK318851).
3 ± 4. 7% of maximum tail height; tail tip pointed; vent tube dextral; body with large lateral sacs, extending from spiracle to end of body; short spiracle, sinistral; mouth positioned rostroventral, narrower than interorbital distance; keratodont formula 1:2+2/2+2:1; anterior lip with lateral papillae and big rostral gap; posterior lip with 2 or 3 rows of app. 20 triangular papillae (Fig. 4c ), papillae of inner row (or rows) shorter than in the marginal row; black jaw sheaths massive and serrated; upper jaw sheath with a small medial fang, lower jaw U-shaped with a broad medial notch. The tadpoles (all Gosner stage 25) ranged from 45 mm to 74 mm total length. The tadpole was caught in a forest stream. The genotyped tadpole has been compared with the two adults from Mount Nlonako, Cameroon  (ZFMK 81164 and ZFMK 81608; GenBank MK318853, MK318854).
Coloration in preservation. Basic color light brown with darker and speckled dorsal surface; venter light and grayish with few or no dark speckling; tail fins beige, semitransparent with irregular tiny dark brown spots. In life the color was of a duller, darker brown (Fig. 6 ). Amiet, 1978  Material examined. ZMB 88353 (GenBank MK318855), 1 tadpole, Gosner stage 25, Cameroon, Korup National Description. Long slender tadpole with long, muscular tail (Fig. 7 ); body oval in dorsal view, bullet-shaped in lateral view; snout rounded in dorsal view, more narrowly rounded in lateral view; body length 34. 2% of total length; body height 41. 8% of body length; body width 54. 8% of body length; eyes positioned dorsolaterally, eye diameter 13. 0% of body length; nostrils positioned dorsolaterally, closer to snout tip than to eyes; inter-nostril distance 77.
Coloration in preservation. General color light brown or beige, with irregular small brown spots covering body and tail; ventral surfaces of body more grayish, dark speckling almost absent; tail tip darker. All tadpoles were caught in small to medium-sized streams. The description is mainly based on ZMB 82875. The genotyped tadpoles have been compared with an adult from Mount Rata, Rumpi Hills, Cameroon  (MHNG 2715. 35 ; GenBank MK318863). The uncorrected pairwise p-difference between tadpoles and between tadpoles and the adult ranged from 0. 20-0. 71% (1-4 bp).
Coloration in preservation. Body more or less uniform dark brown; ventral lighter, slightly grayish; tail fin margins are missing dark pigmentation; last third of tail darker to almost black (Fig. 10 ). In life, ventral surfaces grayish; lateral and dorsal parts, as well as tail, with a small but very dense yellow and brown speckling (Fig. 11 ). This pattern progressively becomes denser and darker towards tail tip. All tadpoles were caught in small to medium-sized streams and rivers in secondary and very degraded forests. The description is mainly based on ZMB 82881B and ZMB 82884B. Genotyped tadpoles have been compared with an adult from Mount Kupe, Cameroon (MHNG 2715. 38; GenBank MK318872). The uncorrected pairwise p-difference between tadpoles and between tadpoles and the adult ranged from 0-0.
The tail tip had been taken as tissue sample; the continuation of the tail tip was thus reconstructed based on the generalized tail shape of the genus, and total length estimated (compare Fig. 14a ). The tadpole's sequence has been compared with an adult from Kodmin, Cameroon (ZFMK 67364; GenBank MK318874). The two sequences were identical. Description. Long slender tadpole with narrow, muscular tail (Fig. 14 ); body longish oval in dorsal view, more flattened in lateral view; snout broadly rounded in dorsal view, almost truncate in lateral view; body length 34. 1% of total length; body height 45. 2% of body length; body width 58. 1% of body length; eyes positioned dorsolaterally, eye diameter 9. 6% of body length; nostrils positioned dorsolaterally, closer to snout tip than to eyes; inter-nostril distance 83.
Coloration in preservation. Body light brown to beige, slightly speckled; tail axis yellowish with large dark brown blotches; tail fins with dark patterning, but predominately transparent (in Fig. 14a  the background was black). All tadpoles were collected from streams in gallery forest and very degraded forest fragments. The description is mainly based on ZMB 82892 and ZMB 82901. The genotyped tadpoles have been compared with an adult from the Tchabal Mbabo, Cameroon (ZFMK 75632; GenBank MK318894). The uncorrected pairwise p-difference between tadpoles and between tadpoles and the adult ranged from 0-0. 2% (0-1 bp).
Coloration in preservation. Body and tail including fins plain brown in preservation; ventrum brighter and more grayish; ventral fin brighter and more transparent than dorsal fin (Fig. 16 ). In life the tadpoles are dark brown to almost black with a blue tinge along the lower parts of flanks, belly and tail axis (Fig. 17  All tadpoles were caught in small to medium-sized streams and rivers in low-to middle-altitude forests. The description is mainly based on ZMB 88355. The genotyped tadpoles have been compared with an adult from Big Massaka, Cameroon (MHNG 2716. 24; GenBank MK318903). The uncorrected pairwise p difference between tadpoles and between tadpoles and the adult ranged from 0-0. 4% (0-2 bp). Description. Long slender tadpole with slim, muscular tail (Fig. 18 ); body egg-shaped in dorsal view, slightly flattened in lateral view; snout rounded in dorsal view, more narrow-rounded and sloping in lateral view; body length 32.
ZMB 82799 (GenBank MK318845), 1 tadpole, Gosner stage 25, Cameroon, Mt Manengouba, Nkikok, 1328 m, 5°5'34. 5"N, 9°49'3. 8"E, 8 September 2011, leg. M. Hirschfeld; ZMB 82870 (GenBank MK318846), 1 tadpole, Gosner stage 25, Cameroon, Mt Manengouba, M'Bourouko, 1459 m, 5°4'3. 48"N, 9°51'56. 22"E, 1 December 2010, leg. M. Hirschfeld; ZMB 88345, 1 tadpole, Gosner stage 25, Cameroon, near Korup National Park, Mokango, 621 m, 5°8'11. 29"N, 9°4'37. 43"E, 9 May 2014, leg. F. Mühlberger; ZMB 88346, 1 tadpole, Gosner stage 36, Cameroon, near Korup National Park, Mokango, 502 m, 5°7'36. 51"N, 9°4'9. 49"E, 10 May 2014, leg. F. Mühlberger.
Amiet, 1978 Material examined. ZMB 82871 (GenBank MK318857), 2 tadpoles, Gosner stage 28 (A) and stage 25 (B), Cameroon, Mt Manengouba, 1290 m, 4°58'23. 76"N, 9°52'31. 8"E, 21 November 2010, leg. M. Hirschfeld; ZMB 82872, Gosner stage 25, Cameroon, Mt Manengouba, Ebonemin, 1365 m, 5°0'33"N, 9°46'30"E, 14 December 2010, leg. M. Hirschfeld; ZMB 82873, 2 tadpoles, Gosner stage 25, Cameroon, Mt Manengouba, Ebonemin, 1372 m, 5°0'46. 5"N, 9°46'5. 82"E, 16 December 2010, leg. M. Hirschfeld; ZMB 82874 (GenBank MK318860), 2 tadpoles, Gosner stage 35, Cameroon, Mt Manengouba, Ebonemin, 1417 m, 5°1'27. 6"N, 9°45'53. 2"E, 15 August 2011, leg. M. Hirschfeld; ZMB 82875 (GenBank MK318861), Gosner stage 25, Cameroon, Mt Manengouba, Ebonemin, 1356 m, 5°1'33. 4"N, 9°45'46. 7"E, 16 August 2011, leg. M. Hirschfeld; ZMB 82876 (GenBank MK318862),Gosner stage 25, Cameroon, Mt Manengouba, Ebonemin, 1372 m, 5°0'46.
, 13). Taxonomic remarks. Whereas all genotyped tadpoles and the comparative adult were genetically almost identical, a single specimen (MHNG 2715. 40 from Mofako Balue, Rumpi Hills) differed genetically by about 2%, indicating intraspecific genetic variability or cryptic diversity. The tadpoles used for the description are from the area of the type locality (Mouandong) of A. perreti. Astylosternus ranoides Amiet, 1978  Material examined. ZMB 82823 (GenBank MK318873),Gosner stage 25, Cameroon, Mt Manengouba, near summit, 2135 m, 5°0'35. 4"N, 9°51'24. 8"E, 7 August 2011,  leg. M. Hirschfeld.
September 2010, leg. M. Hirschfeld & M. -O. Rödel; ZMB 82116, Gosner stage 25, Cameroon, Ebo Forest, Bekop, 825 m, 4°21'55. 68"N, 10°25'18. 48"E, 10 January 2011, leg. M. Hirschfeld & F. Grözinger; ZMB 88351 (GenBank MK318904), Gosner stage 25, Cameroon, Korup National Park, Esukutan, 422 m, 5°22'24. 81"N, 8°59'51. 35"E, 20 May 2014, leg. F. Mühlberger).
). ZMB 82109 shows large areas of little or absent pigmentation, what might be a preservation artifact. Scotobleps gabonicus Boulenger, 1900 Material examined. ZMB 82118 and ZMB 82118A, both tadpoles Gosner stage 25, Cameroon, Ebo Forest, Ndogbanguengue, 113 m, 4°24'36. 54"N, 10°10'10. 19"E, 22 September 2012, leg. M. Dahmen; ZMB 88347 (GenBank MK318895), Gosner stage 41, Cameroon, near Korup National Park, Mokango, 5°8'2. 26"N, 9°5'17. 02"E, 8 May 2014, leg. F. Mühlberger; ZMB 88348 (GenBank MK318896), Gosner stage 25, Cameroon, near Korup National Park, Mokango, 758 m, 5°8'40. 46"N, 9°5'6. 70"E, 9 May 2014, leg. F. Mühlberger; ZMB 88349 (GenBank MK318897), Gosner stage 39, Cameroon, near Korup National Park, Mokango, 533 m, 5°7'50. 1"N, 9°3'46. 4"E, 10 May 2014, leg. F. Mühlberger; ZMB 88350 (GenBank MK318898), Gosner stage 25, Cameroon, Korup National Park, Esukatan, 189 m, 5°23'8.
54"N, 9°0'36. 72"E, 19 May 2014, leg. F. Mühlberger; ZMB 88354 (GenBank MK318899), Gosner stage 25, Cameroon, Korup National Park, Bera, 298 m, 5°21'5. 47"N, 8°59'12. 27"E, 23 May 2014, leg. F. Mühlberger; ZMB 88355 (GenBank MK318900), Gosner stage 35, ZMB 88356 (GenBank MK318901), Gosner stage 38, Cameroon, near Korup National Park, Ikundukundu, 147 m, 5°2'25. 1"N, 8°55'3"E, 1 June 2014, leg. F. Mühlberger; ZMB 88357 (GenBank MK318902), Gosner stage 25, Cameroon, Korup National Park, Ikenge, 292 m, 5°16'30. 86"N, 9°6'47. 28"E, 13 May 2014, leg. F. Mühlberger.
Acknowledgements We thank the  Cameroonian Ministry of Forestry and Wildlife (MINFOF) , and the  Guinean Ministère de l'Enseignement Superieur et de la Recherche Scientifique (MESRS)  and the  Direction Nationale de la Recherche Scientifique et Technique  for issuing research, collection and export permits and our field assistants for their help during data collection. We thank  D. Blackburn  ( Florida Museum of Natural History, Gainsville, USA ) for a comparison sequence for A. batesi, and  Alan Channing ,  Arne Schulze , and  Thierry Frétey  for constructive comments on a previous draft of the manuscript. MH was supported by scholarships from the  Federal State of Berlin (Elsa-Neumann-Stipendium ) and the  German Academic Exchange Service  (DAAD). MD was supported by the  Wilhelm-Peters-Fonds of the German Society of Herpetology (DGHT).
Amiet, 1978 Material examined. ZMB 82868 (GenBank MK318849), 3 tadpoles, Gosner stage 25, Cameroon, Ebo Forest, Nju- ma, 373 m, 4°20'54. 66"N, 10°14'24. 3"E, 16 July 2011, leg. M. Dahmen & M. Hirschfeld; ZMB 82869 (GenBank MK318850), 1 tadpole, Gosner stage 25, Cameroon, Ebo Forest, Njuma, 306 m, 4°20'35. 64"N, 10°14'0. 54"E, 29 September 2010, leg. M. Hirschfeld & M. -O. Rödel.
Further morphological and genetically research is necessary to conform if these three lineages represent distinct species or merely are representatives of one, genetically variable species. Astylosternus cf. fallax Amiet, 1978 Material examined. ZMB 82867 (GenBank MK318852), Gosner stage 25, Cameroon, foot of Mt Nlonako, Ekom- tolo, 477 m, 4°49'58. 46"N, 9°55'33. 42"E, 24 November 2011, leg. M. F. Barej, H. C. Liedtke, N. L. Gonwouo & M. Hirschfeld.
INTRODUCTION The Internet of Things (IoT) is a revolutionary communication paradigm which consists to connect a multitude of digital devices to the Internet  [1]. Today, IoT is beginning to shape the future of many applications where users can remotely control smart things using their smartphones. However, the open nature of wireless communication imposes diverse privacy preserving and security concerns such as eavesdropping, message interception, and data modification. Therefore, the transmitted data between the communicated parties should be handled and analyzed only by authorized users in order to ensure accurate monitoring. Furthermore, the dynamic and heterogeneous structure of IoT induces more challenges for security solutions' design. Indeed, authentication and authorization should be adapted to context changes (such as time, data consumers' roles, location, data type, emergency or normal situation…) in order to make the right decision at the right time by the right party.
Distributed CapBAC  [5]   [6]  tackles these issues by having the authorization executed by the IoT devices themselves. However, IoT objects are often resourceconstrained and may be easily compromised. Distributed CapBAC is, therefore, ill-equipped to address access control in untrustworthy IoT environments. In addition, Attribute Based Cryptography (ABC) is considered as a promising tool that can be exploited to provide adaptive access control. In such scheme, each user is associated with a set of attributes and data is encrypted on the basis of an access structure. Only data consumers whose attributes satisfy the access policy can decrypt the ciphertext. In  [7] , the authors developed a CP-ABE scheme to secure the communications between sensor nodes and the data sink/data consumers. However, the proposed scheme suffers from key escrow problem and high computational cost.
B. Security Model In the proposed scheme, we consider that AA and KGC are semi-trusted: honest-but-curious. That means they will honestly follow the protocol, but they will try to disclose as much secret information as possible. The CM is assumed fully trusted. The IoT gateway presents the data owner. It is assumed to be fully trusted given that it cooperates with IoT devices to encrypt data. In this work, we assume that Smart things are available and are neither compromised nor spoofed. Data consumers are assumed dishonest. They try to decrypt data even they are unauthorized.
4) Decryption and communication In this phase, a data consumer who aims to communicate with an IoT device, sends a request message to the IoT gateway. Upon receiving the request, the IoT gateway generates a random nonce r ∈ {0,1}* and sends < CT, , , (  , M) > to the data consumer. The data consumer decrypts the ciphertext based on her attribute set and the contextual information according to Algorithm 4 in order to obtain the symmetric key Ks. Then, she covers the plaintext M' and sends to the gateway  2 =<  1 ′,  >   where  1 ′ =  1 ( ′ ||) and SK is a symmetric key, which will be used to communicate the authentication token. Upon receiving M2, the IoT gateway decrypts it with its private key and verifies if  1 ′ =  1. If the condition holds, the IoT gateway generates an authentication token TK for a period Te and sends  3 =< ,   ,   > to both the data consumer and the IoT device, where IDi is the identity of the instruction I that will be executed by the IoT device.
We notice that M3 is encrypted by SK to be sent to the data consumer and SK1 (a symmetric pre-shared key between the gateway and the IoT device) to be sent to the IoT device. When the data consumer sends a request    = (  ′. , ). (,   ) = ( 1 (  ) -. ℎ   (0) ,   ). ( 1 (  )  ,   ) = (, )   (0) 10. Else return ⊥ 11. End if 12. Else 13. For each child z of x do 14. = DecryptNode (CT,  ,   , z)) 15. End for 16. Let   be an arbitrary   -sized set of child nodes of x such that   ≠⊥ 17. If   exists then 18. 𝐹 𝑥 = ∏ 𝐹 𝑧 ∆ 𝑖,𝑆 𝑥 ′ (0) 𝑧∈𝑆 𝑥 = ∏ (𝑒(𝑔, 𝑔) 𝑟𝛽𝑞 𝑧 (0) ) ∆ 𝑖,𝑆 𝑥 ′ (0) 𝑧∈𝑆 𝑥 = ∏ 𝑒(𝑔, 𝑔) 𝑟𝛽𝑞 𝑥 (𝑖) ∆ 𝑖,𝑆 𝑥 ′ (0) 𝑧∈𝑆 𝑥 = 𝑒(𝑔, 𝑔).
3) Computation Cost In this subsection, we assess the computation overhead of the proposed CAABAC scheme compared to benchmarking schemes. As the operations on pairing, exponentiation and multiplication mainly affect the computational overhead, we only consider them. We denote TE the time consumed for one exponentiation operation, TM the time consumed for one scalar multiplication in 1, and TP the time for one pairing operation. In CAABAC scheme, the encryption process in the IoT gateway requires seven Tate pairing operations. The computational cost of the different comparative schemes is presented in Table  4. As in  [15] , to evaluate the running time of the operations, the algorithms are implemented on an Intel PXA270 processor at 624 MHz installed on the Linux personal digital assistant.
5 |P il -P ia | where P il and P ia represented the proportion in the i th vegetation sample of either juvenile or adult resources  (Linton et al. , 1981). Some resource variables were highly correlated in a number of the datasets. To prevent multicollinearity issues, we excluded the following descriptors: (1) juvenile resource distribution (correlated with host abundance) and adult resource distribution (correlated with nectar abundance) in Pisserotte; (2) nectar abundance (correlated with nectar distribution) and microhabitat structure abundance (correlated with resource organization) in the B. eunomia metapopulation; and (3) nectar abundance (correlated with nectar distribution and resource organization) in the B. aquilonaris metapopulation. We also assessed the area of each study zone/site.
We therefore estimated the local abundance per species and sex in each of the 40 Pisserotte zones as the number of (re)capture events (pooled for the 2 years of available MRR data). Frequency of (re)captures was then used as a proxy of the local butterfly abundance assuming the probability of capture was similar among the zones, which is a reasonable assumption  (Schtickzelle and Baguette, 2004). The total abundance of all local abundances (captures and recaptures) in the Pisserotte site was 2376 B. eunomia, 917 L. helle, 254 B. aquilonaris, 186 L. hippothoe and 1038 B. selene. For several populations of the B. eunomia (10 populations sampled in 2009-2014) and B. aquilonaris (15 populations sampled in 2009-2015) metapopulations, as well as for the additional B. aquilonaris populations (13 populations sampled in 2013-2014), MRR data were analyzed to estimate demographic parameters (i.
Statistical Analysis Modeling Spatial Variation in Abundance of Five Species in the Pisserotte Reserve We used linear models to analyze variation in butterfly species abundance in the 40 Pisserotte zones adopting the three habitat definitions for each species, adult sex (male and female) and juvenile stage (egg or caterpillar), separately. We first fitted linear models implemented in SAS (Genmod procedure, with a Poisson distribution and a log link function) corresponding to all the combinations of the descriptors, i. e. , area, and descriptors defining one of the three definitions of habitat quality (i. e. , either vegetation type, vegetation composition, or ecological resources). Then we used AICc based multimodel averaging (considering models with AICc ≤ 10 only;  Burnham and Anderson, 2002)  to obtain a global estimate of the slope associated with each descriptor.
Transferability of Habitat Quality To test for the transferability of the habitat quality assessment, we used the models estimated on the 15 populations in the B. aquilonaris metapopulation to make predictions of the minimum and maximum expected population sizes. This was done for the three habitat definitions, the habitat based on vegetation type, vegetation composition and ecological resources. We measured the accuracy of the predictions at two spatial levels: (1) in the metapopulation by cross-validation, where we predicted the minimum and the maximum population sizes for each site by removing it from the dataset used to fit the model for each of these response variable; (2) in 13 additional Belgian populations (i. e. , an external set of populations that were not used to fit the model) by assessing whether observed population size (assessed in two consecutive years, 2013 and 2014) fell within the range predicted by the models.
Habitat Quality and Butterfly Morphology Finally, we analyzed the quality of a sample of adult individuals, using morphological descriptors as proxies. For each species and sex separately, we tested the effects of habitat descriptors (functional area, resource abundance, distribution and organization, and connectivity for B. aquilonaris only) on the forewing length, thorax and abdomen volumes of B. eunomia and B. aquilonaris adults using mixed models implemented in SAS (Glimmix procedure) with year as a random intercept and a Gauss-Hermite quadrature approximation.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We thank  Julie Choutt ,  Christophe Lebigre ,  Séverin Pierret ,  Guillaume Senterre ,  Manhattan Solheid , and  Sofie Vandewoestijne  for their valuable help with field work. We thank the two reviewers for their in-depth constructive comments, which helped us to further improve this manuscript. Site access and a permission to study the species in the field were granted by the  Ministère de la Région Wallonne  (now  Service Public de Wallonie ). This is publication no. BRC436  of the  Biodiversity Research Centre-Earth and Life Institute of UCLouvain.
FUNDING CT (post-doctoral fellow), QD (PhD-student), and  NS  (senior research associate) acknowledge financial support from the  F. R. S. -FNRS. MB is part of the  Laboratoire d'Excellence (LABEX)  entitled  TULIP  ( ANR-10-LABX-41 ), and acknowledges support by the  TenLamas  project ( EU FP6 BiodivERsA Eranet ). CT and MB acknowledge support by the  EU   FP7  project  SCALES  (project # 226852 ).