dataesr/scientific-paragraphs-categorization huggingface dataset:
Acknowledgements We would like to thank to all the donors for their contribution to the study. The  Milieu Intérieur Consortium  is composed of the following team leaders:  Laurent Abel  ( Hôpital Necker, Paris, France ),  Andres Alcover  ( Institut Pasteur, Paris, France ),  Hugues Aschard  ( Institut Pasteur, Paris, France ),  Kalla Astrom  ( Lund University, Lund, Sweden ),  Philippe Bousso  ( Institut Pasteur, Paris, France ),  Pierre Bruhns  ( Institut Pasteur, Paris, France ),  Ana Cumano  ( Institut Pasteur, Paris, France ),  Caroline Demangel  ( Institut Pasteur, Paris, France ),  Ludovic Deriano  ( Institut Pasteur, Paris, France ),  James Di Santo  ( Institut Pasteur, Paris, France ),  Françoise Dromer  ( Institut Pasteur, Paris, France ),  Darragh Duffy  ( Institut Pasteur, Paris, France ),  Gérard Eberl  ( Institut Pasteur, Paris, France ),  Jost Enninga  ( Institut Pasteur, Paris, France ),  Jacques Fellay  ( EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland ),  Odile Gelpi  ( Institut Pasteur, Paris, France ),  Ivo Gomperts-Boneca  ( Institut Pasteur, Paris, France ),  Milena Hasan  ( Institut Pasteur, Paris, France ),  Serge Hercberg  ( Université Paris 13, Paris, France ),  Olivier Lantz  ( Institut Curie, Paris, France ),  Claude Leclerc  ( Institut Pasteur, Paris, France ),  Hugo Mouquet  ( Institut Pasteur, Paris, France ),  Sandra Pellegrini  ( Institut Pasteur, Paris, France ),  Stanislas Pol  ( Hôpital Côchin, Paris, France ),  Antonio Rausell  ( INSERM UMR 1163 -Institut Imagine, Paris, France ),  Lars Rogge  ( Institut Pasteur, Paris, France ),  Anavaj Sakuntabhai  ( Institut Pasteur, Paris, France ),  Olivier Schwartz  ( Institut Pasteur, Paris, France ),  Benno Schwikowski  ( Institut Pasteur, Paris, France ),  Spencer Shorte  ( Institut Pasteur, Paris, France ),  Vassili Soumelis  ( Institut Curie, Paris, France ),  Frédéric Tangy  ( Institut Pasteur, Paris, France ),  Eric Tartour  ( Hôpital Européen George Pompidou, Paris, France ),  Antoine Toubert  ( Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France ),  Mathilde Touvier  ( Université Paris 13, Paris, France ),  Marie-Noëlle Ungeheuer  ( Institut Pasteur, Paris, France ),  Matthew L.
Availability of data and materials Data supporting the conclusions of this article are available in the European Genome-Phenome Archive, under the accession code EGAS00001002460 (https://www. ebi. ac. uk/ega/studies/EGAS00001002460) for the human genotype data and EGAS00001003419 (https://www. ebi. ac. uk/ega/studies/ EGAS00001003419) for the microbial sequences. Associated demographic,.
Unpicking these questions may highlight mechanisms through which the socioeconomic gradient in health emerges over the life course, how to prevent it from emerging, and how to mitigate the effects of disadvantage on inflammatory processes underlying morbidity. This study aims to examine several important aspects of the social-to-biological transition using harmonised data across six European cohort studies collected within the Lifepath consortium (Supplementary Note 1)  26. Our approach consists of taking into account the chronology of exposures over the life course, to understand how they are associated with inflammation. First, we assessed the relationship between life course SEP (father's occupation, educational attainment, participant's last occupation) at three time points individually and systemic inflammation using the biomarker C reactive protein (CRP) measured in adulthood.
Finally, the use of CRP as a reliable and reproducible biomarker measuring overall inflammatory response allows for comparisons, given its wide availability as a biomarker through high-sensitivity assays which are stable. All cohort studies are susceptible to attrition, and biased samples. The cohorts we used may be not representative of the general population, in particular because of a potential underrepresentation of the more advantaged/less advantaged SEP categories. In these analyses, we used complete case data from each dataset to conduct cohort-specific and pooled meta-analyses using random effects modelling. Our models included a set of harmonised variables available across the cohorts allowing us to adjust for covariates, however there may be some residual confounding. This possibility of confounding means that we cannot fully ascertain causal directionality.
Methods Study population. Lifepath is a Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Program European funded project which aims to investigate the biological pathways underlying social differences in healthy ageing. For this purpose, the project includes a consortium of eighteen cohort studies (child and adult) across different countries and time periods, with demographic, clinical, biological and socioeconomic data. Data harmonization were performed in order to merge and analyse the cohorts together  50. More details about the Lifepath project are available elsewhere (http://www. lifepathproject. eu/). We selected six cohorts for which data on CRP, at least two measures of socioeconomic position at two different life course stages, and behaviours/BMI were available. Detailed information on cohorts used in our study is provided in Supplementary Table  13.
We selected these intermediate variables from the closest data collection wave to that of the CRP measurement. If data were unavailable at the same wave, we imputed data from the next available data wave (for CoLaus: n = 12, 0. 3%; Skipogh: n = 159, 26. 9%; Whitehall: n = 277, 5. 4%; ELSA: n = 69, 1. 3%). Statistical analysis. Means and frequencies were reported for all continuous and categorical baseline characteristics by cohort and by each SEP variable (father's occupation, educational attainment, participant's last occupation). Chi-squared test or Fisher exact test for the categorical variables and T-test or Wilcoxon rank test for continuous variables were used to estimate bivariate associations. Linear regression models were used to investigate the relationship between SEP and CRP concentration at baseline.
Acknowledgements This study was supported by the  European Commission Horizon 2020  grant number  633666  to  Paolo Vineis. Thank you to the  Lifepath Consortium  (see Supplementary Note 1). We are also grateful to  The Centre for Longitudinal Studies ,  UCL Institute of Education  for the use of these data and to the UK Data Archive and UK Data Service for making them available. M. K. is supported by the  MRC  ( K013351 ), the  Academy of Finland  ( 311492 ) and  NordForsk. The Centre for Environment and Health is supported by the  Medical Research Council and Public Health England  ( MR/L01341X/1 ).
TEWL values were measured on the thigh (control) and in the upper left quadrant of the genitals, avoiding areas of visible skin breakdown. Skin pH was measured using a SkinCheck portable pH meter (Hanna Instruments), and measures were taken on the thigh and upper right quadrant of the genitals to avoid any impact on TEWL measures. Caregivers detailed diapering hygiene practices and skin care treatments via a questionnaire administered onsite, reporting typical behaviors during the previous two weeks. Demographics, diet, skin cleaning and bathing, topical skin product usage, and diaper hygiene habit data, as well as the relative distribution of DD scores, were summarized with descriptive statistics by country. Genital TEWL data were normalized by subtracting non-diapered thigh scores. It has been observed that TEWL measurements from babies who are agitated and sweating are unreliable.
Cost for hospitalisation for moderate AD was assumed to be the cost of hospitalisation for diagnosis, and was derived from a Delphi panel study in China  [16]. Cost for hospitalisation for severe AD was assumed to be the cost of hospitalisation for both diagnosis and treatment. This cost for treated patients was taken from a database analysis in Shanghai Insurance Bureau identifying the costs of hospitalisation for Alzheimer patients in tier 1 to 3 hospitals, by different types of insurance. We used this input and calculated a weighted average price for patients covered by all insurances (data in files)  [19]. This cost for untreated patients was calculated as the total cost of admissions/ total number of admissions done in 2015 in China  [18] , as there was no available data. Upper and lower value of resource use and cost inputs was applied in deterministic sensitivity analysis.
Biopsy Sampling Parietal peritoneal biopsy samples from 25 centers were obtained within the scope of the International Pediatric Peritoneal Biobank study. Sampling followed a standardized protocol as described previously  (Schaefer et al. , 2016). All samples were fixed with needles on cork and instantaneously stored in formalin. After transfer to Heidelberg, parietal tissue samples were embedded in paraffin and underwent immunostaining and digital imaging analysis. Case report forms were provided online via the International Peritoneal Dialysis Network 1 or by mail and entered into the central data base. The protocol was approved by local ethical boards and performed in accordance with the local national Medical Association's professional code of conduct (Landesärztekammer Baden-Württemberg) and the declaration of Helsinki.
Oral and written consent was obtained from parents and patients as appropriate. The study was registered at www. clinicaltrials. gov (NCT01893710). Between February 2011 and January 2018, 87 parietal peritoneal samples were obtained from 84 children on neutral pH, low GDP PD fluid (45 with pH 7. 4 bicarbonate fluid, 15 with pH 7. 0 lactate fluid, 24 with pH 7. 4 lactate/bicarbonate fluid). The effect of the low GDP PD treatment on peritoneal membrane integrity and function has been published previously  (Schaefer et al. , 2018). This analysis focused on the distinct effects of peritonitis episodes. Three patients underwent a repeat biopsy, 2 of whom had experienced a single episode of peritonitis before the first sampling. These biopsies were included in the present analysis. The median patient age was 5.
Statistics Data distribution was assessed graphically and by Shapiro-Wilk test. Data are presented as median with interquartile range (IQR). To assess the differences between the groups, ANOVA or Kruskal-Wallis test were used based on the data distribution. Because of the low sample size, matching by the coarsened exact matching method  (Blackwell et al. , 2009)  was performed for age, PD duration and glucose exposure.
, 1996; Ates et al. , 2000) , but persistent changes with repeated peritonitis episodes  (Davies et al. , 1996) , ultimately associating with worse technique and patient outcome  (Boudville et al. , 2012; Ye et al. , 2017). Most of these data were obtained in patients treated with acidic, high GDP PD fluids. In a recent RCT, patients treated with neutral pH, low GDP PD fluid experienced less frequent and less severe episodes of peritonitis as compared to patients treated with high GDP fluids  (Johnson et al. , 2012). Albeit, not analyzed in that trial, the suggestion has been made that the impact of peritonitis episodes on peritoneal membrane integrity and transport function may be less pronounced in patients treated with low GDP fluids. These assumptions, however, could not be reconfirmed in a recent meta-analysis  (Cho et al.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We are grateful to  Dr. E. Herpel  and  Mr. J. Moyers  from  Tissue Bank of the National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT, Heidelberg, Germany ) and  Institute of Pathology (University Hospital Heidelberg)  for technical assistance. We acknowledge financial support by the  Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft  within the  funding programme Open Access Publishing , by the  Baden-Württemberg Ministry of Science, Research and the Arts , and by  Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg.
Objectives: Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a major health-care burden in Europe, but exact estimates are lacking. This study reports results from the PREFER venous thromboembolism (VTE) study concerning health-related quality of life (HrQoL) and mortality of patients with DVT. Methods: PREFER VTE was a prospective, observational study, conducted in 7 European countries, designed to provide data concerning treatment patterns, resource utilization, mortality, and QoL. First-time or recurrent patients with DVT were followed at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months. Health-related QoL-as measured by the EuroQoL 5-Dimension 5-Level instrument ( EQ-5D-5L)-was analyzed using Tobit regression with repeated measures, assessing the impact of baseline characteristics stratified by cancer activity. Mortality was analyzed using logistic regression.
Additionally, traditional treatment may require frequent international normalized ratio measurements often by specialized outpatient services. An epidemiologic modeling study from 2007 offers valuable insights in the burden of VTE in Europe. 3 This study estimated an annual number of symptomatic DVT events of 684 000. The total costs of VTE were estimated at €3 billion per year. To supplement these findings, real-life observational data are worthwhile. The PREFER VTE registry was partly set up to offer such data. This study-as described in Agnelli et al  6  -was established to assess the real-life acute and midterm management of patients with VTE, the use of health-care resources, and to provide data to estimate the costs for 12 months treatment following a first-time and/or recurrent VTE diagnosis in hospitals or specialized centers in Europe.
With this registry, data were collected about clinical outcomes, treatment satisfaction, and health-related quality of life (HrQoL) as measured by the EuroQoL 5-Dimension 5-Level instrument (EQ-5D-5L). This manuscript aims to offer supplementary insights into the burden of illness for patients with DVT from a European perspective concentrating on mortality and HrQoL. Within this scope, differences per country and differences between patients with and without active cancer are reported and patient characteristics associated with increased mortality and/or morbidity are identified. A separate publication is available dealing with health-care resource use and productivity loss. 7.
Data Quality Control The validity of the data entered into the database was assured by training investigators on data collection ensuring a uniform method. Furthermore, a random audit was performed on the centers included in the registry. During these visits, the monitor verified informed consent documentation, performed source data verification against patient's medical records, and controlled consecutiveness of patient enrolment at site. The data collection comprised 2 different sources. These sources included the hospitals or specialized centers at the time of diagnosis of acute VTE and, as hospital-based investigators do not always see patients in the following year for routine clinical care, patients were also asked to participate in follow-ups by phone, safeguarding the collection of resource consumption data.
Treatment at baseline and use of heparin, vitamin K antagonist (VKA), or direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) are also tabulated. Patients receiving ongoing treatment for cancer are labeled as "active cancer" patients. Country-specific differences are analyzed for which Austria, Switzerland, and Germany are combined into one prespecified region label (DACH). The DACH countries were grouped as patient population, practice patterns and health-care systems were assumed to be similar, and the number of sites for Germany, Austria, and Switzerland were, respectively, 74, 5, and 3. Further details are described elsewhere. 8 alth-related quality of life. The analysis of HrQoL was performed using the EQ-5D-5L. 9 The EQ-5D-5L data were collected through face-to-face interview at baseline and by telephone interview during the follow-up.
The baseline characteristics included age, gender, BMI, previous clinical events, clinical factors, comorbidities, and risk factors. Symptoms at baseline, which were significantly related to HrQoL, were excluded from the analysis. There is an upper limit of one in the EQ-5D-5L index score, and up to 5 assessments for any one patient were made over the 1-year follow-up. As a sensitivity analysis, the impact of VTE recurrence and bleeding events during follow-up and the impact of treatment on the EQ-5D-5L index score were tested. Mortality. Following enrolment in the registry, mortality data were collected at baseline and at each follow-up through a standardized questionnaire completed by the investigator. The primary outcomes were 12-month mortality rates by country, for patients with and without active cancer.
The observed DVT patient mortality rates were compared with the age-and gender-matched mortality rate from the UK general population. 11 Separate logistic regression models were used to identify which individual baseline characteristics and DVT symptoms were significantly associated with mortality in both groups after backward stepwise elimination. Additionally, logistic regression models were run after adding the HrQoL data at baseline (EQ-5D-5L index score) as an explanatory variable for survival. Sensitivity analyses addressed differences between countries. Treatment type was not included in the analyses as this was highly correlated with country, the DOACs were not reimbursed in Italy and Spain at the time of the data collection. Missing data. There was missing information due to lost followup (death or incomplete data), at each follow-up.
Discussion This study aimed to contribute to current scientific knowledge regarding the burden of DVT in Europe, based on realworld data as collected in PREFER. The EQ-5D-5L index score was 0. 136 lower (0. 716 at baseline) in patients with DVT than that in the reference UK population (0. 852). Following treatments, the HrQoL normalizes over 12 months, particularly noticeably in patients with nonactive cancer (0. 866). The mortality results show substantial differences in cancer subgroups, 43. 0% for patients with active cancer and 3. 8% for those without at 12 months. Both groups had excess mortalities, higher than that of the age-and genderadjusted UK mortality.
Strengths and Limitations The PREFER in VTE registry provides a rich data source of epidemiology, management, and outcomes of VTE based on a large sample with frequent timings of measurements in a realworld setting. It is one of largest prospective disease registries in VTE. The PREFER in VTE collected data from 7 European countries, providing much-needed data in the light of current scarcity of data for the region. Furthermore, the design of PRE-FER-including both proximal and distal DVT-allowed all types of patients with DVT to be recruited, providing a source of heterogeneous data in a real-world setting. Similarly, the PREFER registry was conducted at time when DOACs availability varied among countries, offering a unique opportunity of understanding the potential impact of DOACs. The main limitation of the study is missing data, which is not a unique problem to this registry.
Results Of the 1337 respondents, the final dataset for analyses included 739 cyclists. Fig  1 illustrates  the flowchart that highlights the reasons for exclusion from analyses. The final sample included 677 males and 62 females, with an average age of 39. 3 ±10. 8 years and an average body mass index (BMI) of 24. 1 ±2. 8. Most respondents were from Europe (n = 460), followed by South America (n = 235). On average, respondents cycled 3. 6 ±1. 3 days per week, rode 203. 2 ±110. 0 km per week, and had 12. 6 ±10. 3 years of cycling experience. Most of respondents were road cyclists (n = 450), followed by mountain bike cyclists (n = 234), and triathlon cyclists (n = 55).
Physical Performance Battery and Timed-Up and Go tests). The results showed that no side effect was measured immediately, 15 min and up to 30 days after the vibration sequence. Besides, postural and clinical gait tests showed global positive effects at immediate and 15 min follow-up. Further investigation are now necessary to determine whether a daily stimulation sequence for a given time would lead to long-term positive effects on daily living (NCT01654341; https://clinicaltrials. gov/ct2/show/NCT01654341).
Participants Patients were recruited in the geriatric departments of the University Hospital of Bordeaux (France) from June to November 2014. Eligible patients were aged 70 and older with type 2 diabetes diagnosed for at least 2 years. Patients were excluded if they scored lower than 60 points on the Barthel index, if they scored 0 point on the Short Physical Performance Battery test, if they were unwilling or unable to provide consent, if they had feet ulcerations or if they had a pace-maker. The study was conducted according to the declaration of Helsinki (  2008 ) and was approved by the Local Committee for Human Protection in Biomedical Research. All patients provided written informed consent. SENSOLE study is a substudy of the European project MID-Frail (NCT01654341).
Outcome Measures Severe neuropathy was tested using a 10 g Semmes-Weinstein monofilament in accordance with the guidelines of the International Working Group on the Diabetic Foot  (12). Postural clinical tests were conducted immediately before (baseline) and after (immediate follow-up) the vibrating sequence, and were repeated 15 min after (15 min followup) (Figure  2 ). The posturographic data were acquired by means of a double force platform (Feetest 6, Techno Concept, Mane, France). During the test, patients, stood with their feet abducted at 30 degrees and heels separated by 9 cm. In order to focus on potential plantar proprioceptive effects, the patients were required to close their eyes once their posture was stabilized. Two postural trials of 25. 6 s were recorded with similar duration between trials.
The recorded data included CoP sway area of 95% confidence ellipse, antero-posterior (AP) and medio-lateral (ML) CoP displacements, CoP velocity, and CoP velocity variance. Clinical gait tests included the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) and the Timed Up and Go tests. The SPPB test evaluates lower extremity functioning in older persons  (13, 14)  and includes balance, 4-meters walking, and repeated rising chair tests. The SPPB is scored between 0 and 12; with 0 indicating poor lower limb performance. The TUG test measures the time taken for a patient to stand up from an armchair, walk a distance of 3 meters, turn, walk back to the chair and sit down. The TUG test is a sensitive and specific measure for discriminating between fallers and non-fallers  (15)  with usual time about 6-12 s for community-dwelling older adults; the threshold for risk of falling being 20 s.
RESULTS A total of 31 patients (15 male, 16 female) agreed to participate. One patient was not eligible based on his SPPB score (0/12) and one patient withdrew after screening. Therefore, data from 29 patients (mean age: 84. 3 ± 6 years) were analyzed at baseline (Figure  2 ). Regarding gait and balance tests, all patients understood how to perform the tests, even if some patients required a demonstration. The duration of assessments varied from 1 to 2 h depending on the autonomy of the patient. Some of them, with lowest Barthel scores, were unable to complete all the tests. Therefore, only 23, 22, and 21 patients completed, respectively, the SPPB, TUG, and posturographic assessments at the 15 min follow-up. Patient baseline characteristics, co-morbidities, and concomitant medications are presented in Table  1.
FUNDING SENSOLE is a sub-study of the European MID-FRAIL study. MID-Frail project was funded by the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement N • 278803, and the sponsor was the Fundación para la Investigación Biomédica del Hospital Universitario de Getafe. The sponsor had no involvement in the study design; the collection, the analysis and interpretation of data; the writing of the report; and the decision to submit the article for publication. Financial benefits for the authors: JP is the manager of Hexabio (French Patents for the vibrating insoles: N • FR 2 951 566  [2011]  and N • FR2 982 130  [2013] ).