dataesr/scientific-paragraphs-categorization huggingface dataset:
Lastly, all the variables were temporally interpolated at the time of the satellite overpass from the ERA-Interim three hourly basis using a simple linear interpolation, and gridded on the MODIS grid at 250 m resolution using the nearest neighbor resampling method. Long-term estimates of precipitation named climatic research unit (CRU) timeseries are also used in version 3. 24 released in 2017  [74]. The CRU precipitation dataset is based on monthly observational data. The data are available at a monthly temporal resolution and at a spatial scale of 0. 5 • for the period 1901-present. This dataset was used to indirectly assess the predicted ET at the monthly timescale by comparison to rainfall plus irrigation water amounts. It is preferred to ERA-Interim reanalysis rainfall estimates for two reasons: (1) it is an independent dataset from the ERA-Interim that is used as input of TSEB; (2) significant bias and errors on ERA-Interim rainfall have been highlighted by comparison to observational datasets  [75].
Irrigation Water Amounts and Yields Statistics Ancillary data including monthly irrigation water amounts and cereal grain yields statistics were also gathered to assess indirectly the quality of the ET estimates, particularly their monthly and interannual variabilities, respectively. Irrigation water amounts are provided at the monthly timescale by our partner in charge of the management of the agricultural water for the year 2011. They gather information at the monthly timescale for each irrigation perimeter equipped with concrete channel. The considered irrigated perimeters are reported in Figure  1. Data on cereal productions over the study period 2001-2011 at the administrative provincial scale of the Tensift were kindly made available by the Economic Services of the Ministry of Agriculture in Morocco (https://www.
[87] , who highlighted a bias of 10 W/m 2 over France. By contrast, the relative humidity is in excellent agreement with the observations with low RMSE and bias. Lastly, the air temperature dynamic, closely linked to that of the air humidity, was also correctly reproduced with r = 0. 97 for all the stations (Table  2 ). Simmons et al. [88]  also showed high levels of correlation (r > 0. 94) between ERA-Interim and the CRU dataset for air temperature at the global scale  [89]. Szczypta et al. [87]  showed that ERA-Interim highlighted a lower diurnal amplitude over France with an overestimation at night (at 12:00 and 6:00 a. m. UTC) and an underestimation around midday. The positive bias of +3 • highlighted here is closely linked to the underlying the network of meteorological station. Indeed, as the Tensift Observatory stations are used to compute the FAO-56 reference evapotranspiration  [10] , they are installed on irrigated fields with fully developed vegetation cover.
Discussion As demonstrated by several sensitivity analysis studies  [18, 19] , meteorological variables including air temperature and wind speed are key inputs of the TSEB model. The new ERA5  [109]  and ERA-land reanalysis  [110]  recently released, as well as the general ongoing improvement of reanalysis datasets, open perspectives for more accurate ET mapping. Indeed, they present a better spatio-temporal resolution (31 km vs. 80 km) leading to significant improvements in the representation of the land surface variables (LSVs) linked to the terrestrial water cycle such us turbulent fluxes  [22]. Lastly, this work could be of interest for some important finalized issues. Considering the importance of the production of wheat for the Moroccan economy, it is important for decision makers to be able to have precise information on the production of wheat early in the season to anticipate importation needs and to take up their position on markets  [59].
In addition, considering the 1 km scale of ET estimates provided in this study, focus was put on the water management at the catchment scale as basin hydraulic agency doesn't need fine information at the field scale. By contrast, another important application of evapotranspiration maps could be irrigation scheduling. Such application is limited considering the sensors acquiring LST into orbit nowadays that provides either data at coarse scale such as MODIS or with a low revisit time such as LANDSAT. Nevertheless, several thermal infrared missions are currently under preparation including TRISHNA and LSTM that will provide both high spatial resolution and revisit time (about 50m and 3 days for TRISHNA). This will open perspective for the application of "energy budget" approaches such as the one presented in this study to irrigation scheduling at the field scale on a day-to-day basis as an alternative of the traditional "water budget" approach based on the FAO-56 method usually used to this objective.
The main conclusions are as follows: (a) Despite some differences, particularly a positive bias on the air temperature, the ERA-Interim meteorological data constitutes a true solution of forcing of the models compared to the stations of measurements for the areas where meteorological station networks are scarce. (b) TSEB, forced by a low-resolution remote sensing dataset, can reproduce four components of the energy budget reasonably well. Rn is correctly reproduced (r = 0. 63 and RMSE = 73 W/m 2 ), while the partition between sensible and latent heat seems very difficult to evaluate given the scale mismatch between the "satellite" predictions and the eddy correlation footprint. Nevertheless, the main trends of the latent heat fluxes seem to be properly reproduced, including the switch of energy occurring after harvest or the occurrence of a stress period.
(c) For monthly water consumption of irrigated crops, the approach presents a strong overestimation (almost a factor of 2) compared to the water supply (equal to the irrigation water amounts provided by ORMVAH, the office in charge of the agricultural water in the region plus rainfall from an independent dataset). The first explanation is linked to the trend over the last few years of uncontrolled drilling that has affected the region. Farmers are supplementing ORMVAH water supplies with their own wells in order to secure the harvest, regardless of the crop's actual needs. A similar result was shown in Tunisia by Saadi et al. [3]. (d) Daily mapping allows for anomaly analysis of intra-and interannual climate variability at the watershed scale. This allows understanding the distribution of cultivation practices.
1 shows the extent of terrorism in Western Europe between 2000 and 2015, with the data drawn from the Global Terrorism Database  (LaFree and Dugan 2007). Each year, Western Europe saw dozens (if not hundreds) of terrorist attacks with dozens (if not hundreds) of victims, with 2015 being a particularly gruesome year (most prominently due to the November 2015 Paris attacks). In recent years, such attacks have become increasingly associated with Islamist radicalism, while former hotbeds of nationalist-separatist terrorism (especially Northern Ireland and the Basque country) have become 1. Statistical analyses of the economic consequences of terrorism have shown that terrorism negatively affects, for example, domestic investment, vulnerable economic sectors (e. g. , tourism, transportation, etc.
Macro-Level Evidence Another (much more extensive) set of empirical analyses investigates the effect of socioeconomic conditions on the emergence of radicalism and terrorism at the country level. For one, these studies use data on socioeconomic variables measured at the country level (indicating, e. g. , per capita income, poverty levels, unemployment, or economic growth rates). For another, these empirical analyses also control for non-economic factors that may also be associated with terrorist activity, such as political or demographic variables (indicating, e. g. , a country's political regime and population size). Considering the socioeconomic determinants of terrorism, a first strand of the literature is indeed consistent with the rational-choice theory of radicalism and terrorism outlined previously.
The research I conducted on the military commitment of secondgeneration immigrants in France provides insights on the various areas 4. According to the data I collected from various professionals (prison guards, army men, policemen, intelligence services), several dozen jihadis currently in Syria had attempted to enroll in the French army or the national police force. of convergence that are likely to bring closer two realms that are, on the face of things, highly antagonistic. Throughout this study, I developed a typology of commitment logics for this segment of the population. One of the categories, called "rupture commitment," encompasses actors whose social trajectories share many commonalities with those who are attracted by radical religious projects, especially in their extremist or Salafi version.
As we have attempted to show here, repressive pressure can accelerate or slow down the dynamics of radicalization but does not seem to have an independent, direct effect. To sum up, "escalating policing" (della Porta 2013) can be seen as a social mechanism of increasing radicalization, as here in the case of Salafi-jihadism, but its effectiveness greatly depends on the model of religious activism followed by individual believers. The findings presented here are based on one case study of Salafijihadism. Given this limitation, further research should study reactions of Salafi-jihadist activists to repressive events on a broader database, taking into account a larger contrastive sample of activists with different roles within Salafi-jihadist movements.
The Elcano Database on Jihadists in Spain (EDBJS) includes this variable of previous criminal records to conclude that three out of every ten people arrested had some type of criminal record (26. 2% of 210)  (Reinares, García-Calvo, and Vicente 2019, 62). Regarding the March 11 attacks, it has been proven that the 11-M cell in Madrid was recruited by Amer Azizi, who had broad and deep links with Al-Qaeda organizations in Pakistan and Afghanistan but also with Maghreb terrorist organizations and European jihadist networks such as the Hamburg Cell  (Reinares 2016). Other key individuals involved in the March 11 attacks had records of petty criminal activities or trafficking in explosives and illegal arms. On the other hand, Es Satty, planner of the 17-A attacks, was well known to the security forces because of his links with other suspected or convicted jihadists.
Ethical statement. Experiments involving animals were approved by the Italian National Institute of Health the 08/29/2019 under the number 639/2019 and have been done in accordance with the applicable Italian laws (D. L. vo 26/14 and following amendments), with the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee, and with the institutional guidelines at the European Institute of Oncology. Our study is reported in accordance with ARRIVE guidelines (https:// arriv eguid elines. org). The use of human specimens for scientific purposes was approved by the French National Ethics Committee. All methods were carried out in accordance with the approved guidelines and regulations of this committee. Written informed consent was obtained from each patient or donor prior to sampling. Human samples. Data and samples from patients were collected at the Clinical Hematology Department of the CHU Montpellier, France, after patient's written consent and following French regulations.
Funding This work was supported by  INCA/DGOS PRT -K program 2021 (MV;  2021-014 ) and by  Fondation de France  ( ANR-20-COV6-000 ). This work was also supported by the  "Investissements d'avenir" Grant LabEx MAbImprove :  ANR-10-LABX-53  (MV), the  NK  001 project financed by the " Fond Européen de Développement Régional " ( FEDER-FSE-IEJ 2014/2020 ) and by " Région Occitanie Pyrénées-Méditerranée ", by grant  PID2019-105128RB-I00  from  Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación  to AA and by  Gobierno de Aragón  (Group  B31_20R ) cofinanced by Feder  2014-2020  " Building Europe from Aragon" (AA ) and Grants from  AIRC  and  Italian Ministry of Health (FB).
28 In a series of 450 patients with minor SGC, multivariate analysis showed advanced clinical stage and unfavourable histological subtype to be associated with poor disease-specific survival. 29 his was confirmed in a large Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database study of 1426 patients with minor SGC of the oropharynx. 30 It is generally accepted that a 1-cm free margin is adequate in most tumours; however, it is often the case that only millimetric margins are achievable. AdCC is particularly known for perineural spread (as described earlier), requiring detailed surgical planning and wide margins, including resection of bony structures. 24 rgical management of the primary in submandibular gland cancer. The most common submandibular gland malignant tumour type is AdCC. 31, 32 Tumours confined within the submandibular gland require resection of the gland and the surrounding level Ib lymph nodes to ensure negative margins.
For minor SGC, the highest risk for subclinical neck disease is a pharyngeal location, high-grade disease and T3-T4 tumours. Ipsilateral ENI is recommended for levels I, II and III. Post-operative RT is indicated for all cases of pNþ neck. A dose of 30 Â 2 Gy is recommended for the involved level, and 33 Â 2 Gy in case of extranodal disease. For the ipsilateral elective levels I-V, a dose of 25 Â 2 Gy is recommended. 58 ombining post-operative RT with chemotherapy. There are no large series analysing the role of combined chemotherapy (ChT) and RT in the post-operative setting in SGC. In the phase II Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) 1008 study (NCT01220583) both scenarios are being compared, but no results are available yet. Combining post-operative ChT with RT in major SGC has been evaluated retrospectively using data from the US National Cancer Database.
A cisplatin-based regimen seems to guarantee the highest response rate: 13% with cisplatin alone and 25% (95% CI 11% to 39%) with CAP. 81 Duration of response ranges widely from 7 to 77 months. Carboplatin seems to have limited activity, and no response has been reported with paclitaxel or gemcitabine. 81 Compounds tailored for actionable targets such as EGFR, KIT and fibroblast growth factor receptor have failed to demonstrate any activity. 79 Strategies focused on pathogenetic targets seem more promising. Clinical trials are currently evaluating two agents with different strategies: CB103, which targets NOTCH oncogene transcription factors (NCT03422679), and AL101, which inhibits gamma secretase (ACCURACY; NCT03691207). Partial response was observed in 15% of patients (6/39) treated with AL101 at 4 mg, and further drug titration is being studied.
82 Trials targeting MYB, the hallmark of AdCC, are underway. A study combining MYB DNA vaccination with anti-programmed cell death protein 1 immunotherapy is currently recruiting patients (MYPHISMO; NCT03287427). Antiangiogenic agents (sorafenib, lenvatinib and axitinib) have been investigated in recent years, but response rates did not exceed 15%  79  (see Supplementary Table  S7 , available at https://doi. org/10. 1016/j. esmoop. 2022. 100602). In this context, axitinib was the first agent to demonstrate a significant PFS prolongation compared with placebo in a phase II randomised trial (hazard ratio 0. 25, 95% CI 0. 14-0. 48),  83 becoming the new backbone for future trials. The activity of immune checkpoint inhibitors alone is null in patients with R/M AdCC. 79 iven the disappointing results of systemic treatments, participation in clinical trials is strongly recommended.
g. larotrectinib, entrectinib, repotrectinib, LOXO-195) in patients with secretory carcinoma and NTRK gene fusions is expanding. 95 A recent phase II trial evaluating the efficacy of larotrectinib in NTRK fusion-positive patients included 12 patients with secretory carcinoma and reported a response rate of 75%. Median PFS was not reached after a median follow-up of 9. 9 months. 96 Responses in patients with secretory carcinoma have also been observed with entrectinib and repotrectinib. 97, 98 A phase I/II trial evaluating LOXO-195 in second-line treatment is currently recruiting and is open for inclusion of patients with NTRK fusion-positive SGC who have previously been treated with a TRK inhibitor and are showing progressive disease, unresponsiveness or intolerance (NCT03215511). Positive IHC staining for TRK generally correlates with NTRK1 and NTRK2 fusions, even if specificity is lower for SGCs (52%) compared with other malignant tumours.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Manuscript editing support was provided by  Louise Green  and  Jennifer Lamarre  ( ESMO Guidelines staff ) and  Angela Corstorphine and Sian-Marie Lucas of Kstorfin Medical Communications Ltd (KMC) ; this support was funded by  ESMO. Nathan Cherny , Chair of the  ESMO-MCBS Working Group ,  Urani Dafni ,  ESMO-MCBS Working Group Member/ Frontier Science Foundation Hellas and Giota Zygoura of Frontier Science Foundation  Hellas provided review and validation of the  ESMO-MCBS scores. Nicola Latino (ESMO Scientific Affairs  staff) provided coordination and support of the  ESMO-MCBS  scores and  Angela Corstorphine  and  Sian-Marie Lucas  of  KMC  provided medical writing and editing support in the preparation of the ESMO-MCBS table; this support was funded by  ESMO. Joaquin Mateo  (Chair of the  ESMO Translational Research and Precision Medicine Working Group ) and  Dr Svetlana Jezdic  ( ESMO Medical Affairs Advisor)  provided validation support for ESCAT scores.
There are also cases where the reviser overwrote a character to improve its shape, as in the case of this kā (29→6), or rewrote it in his own preferred style. The latter is especially true for the vowels e and o. The Kannada script provides characters to distinguish between short and long e and o, a feature unnecessary when writing Sanskrit where all e and o vowels are long. To represent the Sanskrit vowels e and o, the original scribe exclusively used the characters for short e and o. The reviser, on the other hand, used the characters for long e and o in his corrections. Some of the changes by the second hand suggest that the manuscript was revised in the course of the preparation of a printed edition. Beyond the aforementioned modifications, the reviser introduced word separators in the form of vertical strokes,29 altered the punctuation, numbered the sutras30 and indicated the deletion of superfluous gaps between characters.
The label gives the identificatory data of the manuscript: the manuscript number "72773" in Arabic numerals, the name of the work "Nyā ya sū tra vi va ra ṇam," in Devanagari and Roman characters, the name or epithet of the commentator, "Pra vā da kaḥ," in Devanagari characters, and the number of leaves contained in the bundle: "40 Lea. " The manuscript number, the name of the work and the name or epithet of the commentator are also scribbled with different pens and pencils on an otherwise blank palm leaf placed at the top of the bundle. On this leaf, we also find the old manuscript number "28 E 17" and some other, not yet identified data, including the number "77," the crossed out code "III c 5" The tiny characters are incised and blackened with a mixture of charcoal powder and oil and generally stand out well against the light beige color of the leaves.
Questionnaires and data collection Socio-demographic and clinical data were collected from counselees after the pre-test consultation and from medical records. The extent of genetic-specific psychosocial difficulties was assessed at T1 using the 26-item "Psychosocial Aspects of Hereditary Cancer" (PAHC) questionnaire  [5]  available in French, German and Spanish  [21]. Items are grouped into six conceptually defined domains  [5] : hereditary predisposition, practical, familial, emotional, living with cancer and children-related issues (Supplementary Table  S2  provides examples of items). Possible answers are: Not at all (1), A little (2), Quite a bit (3) and Very much  (4). The presence of a difficulty in a domain is determined according to possible cut-offs to an item response scale as shown in Fig.
e. , the probability of agreement on the presence of difficulties) as this reflects an appropriate referral of counselee in a context of limited time and resources in psychological support (see Supplementary Table  S3  for detailed data by cut-off). For each counselee-clinician dyad and PAHC domain, we calculated proportions of responses where counselees and clinicians agreed (true positives (TP) and true negatives (TN)), and where clinicians under-(false negatives (FN)) or overestimated (false positives (FP)) counselees' difficulties. The level of agreement between counselees and clinicians was statistically quantified using the Kappa statistics with confidence intervals (CI)  [25]. The Kappa statistic provides a quantitative measure of the magnitude of agreement between counselees and clinicians.
FUNDING This project has received funding from the  European Union   Horizon 2020 research and innovation program  under grant agreement No. 634935  (BRIDGES). In France, at  Institut Curie , this work was partly financed, within the designated integrated cancer research site (SiRIC) under agreement  INCa-DGOS-Inserm_12554. The funder of the study had no role in study design, data collection, data analysis, data interpretation, or writing of the report.
A R H: consultant for Novo Nordisk and Ascendis. M P: Research support from Pfizer, Novo Nordisk, IPSEN, Sandoz, Merck-Serono, Lilly, Sanofi, National French Grants, public funding, ANR and PHRC, and Scientific advisory board: Increlex (IPSEN), GNAP (Novo Nordisk), KIGS France (Pfizer). K C J Y: Research grants to Barrow Neurological Institute from Ascendis, Crinetics, Amryt, and Corcept, and Scientific Advisory Boards for Novo Nordisk, Ascendis, Amryt, Ipsen, Strongbridge, Recordati, and Corcept. M B: Research support, lecture fees, and/or consultancy honoraria from Diasorin, Genexine, Genescience, IDS, IPSEN, Merck, Novartis, OPKO, Pfizer, Roche, Sandoz. B M K B: PI of research grants to Massachusetts General Hospital from Ascendis, Crinetics and Ionis and occasional consultant for Novo Nordisk, HRA Pharma, Merck Serono, Ipsen, and Recordati.
P K: Invitations to congresses and lecturing fees from Pfizer and Ipsen. N K: Research and educational grants, advisory board and lecturing fees from Pfizer. S M: Research grant to Institution from Pfizer and Consultant for Novo Nordisk. H M: has received reimbursement of participation fees for scientific meetings and continuing medical education events from Ferring, Lilly, Pfizer, Sandoz/ Hexal, Novo Nordisk, Ipsen, and Merck Serono. Reimbursement of travel expenses from Ipsen and lecture honoraria from Pfizer. Supported by the German Childhood Cancer Foundation, Bonn, Germany. L S: Personal fees and non-financial support from Ascendis, Hexal, Merck, Novo Nordisk, Pfizer, and Sandoz. P T: Lectures fees from Novo Nordisk, Ipsen, Pfizer, Merck. G J: Consulting fee from Novo Nordisk and unrestricted research grants from NovoNordisk and Pfizer.
These will be the focus of the present paper. Persistence may be assessed by laboratory and field studies, environmental monitoring, and computational modeling. In regulatory frameworks, the definition of persistence is operational; it is legally defined using threshold compartment-specific half-life criteria {e. g. , Annex XIII of REACH [Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals; Regulation (EC)  No 1907 No /2006 ] and Annex II of (EC) No 1107/2009}. These half-lives can be determined directly from laboratory simulation studies (OECD test guideline  [TG]  307  [OECD, 2002a] ,  OECD TG 308 [OECD, 2002b] , OECD TG 309  [OECD, 2004a] ). Under REACH, the integrated testing strategy (ITS) framework enables step-wise decisions on whether a substance is not persistent, potentially persistent, or persistent, utilizing laboratory screening studies (see Supporting Information, Persistence assessment-data interpretation and evidence) as a first tier of tests  (OECD TG 301 [OECD, 1992a] , OECD TG 306  [OECD, 1992b] , and OECD TG 310  [OECD, 2014] ).