Acknowledgements Some individuals, studies, and centers received individual support as follows:  Broad Center  for Genotyping and Analysis ( U01HG04424 );  Cancer Prevention Study-II (American Cancer Society) ;  Center for Inherited Disease Research  ( U01HG004438 ,  HHSN268200782096C ); Endometrial cancer ( R01 CA 134958 );  Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center  (funds from the  Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center and National Institute of Health  grants ( R35 CA 39779 ,  RO1 CA 75977 ,  RO3 CA 80636 ,  N01 HD 2 3166 ,  K05 CA 92002 ,  CA 105212  and  R01 CA87538 ));  Fudan Lung Cancer Study (Ministry of Health  (201002007);  Ministry of Science and Technology  ( 2011BAI09B00 );  National S&T Major Special Project  ( 2011ZX09102-010-01 );  China National High-Tech Research and Development Program  ( 2012AA02A517 ,  2012AA02A518 );  National Science Foundation of China  ( 30890034 );  National Basic Research Program  ( 2012CB944600 );  Scientific and Technological Support Plans from Jiangsu Province  ( BE2010715 ));  Gene-Environment Association Studies (Coordinating Center : U01 HG004446 , Manuscript preparation:  P01-GM099568 );  Genes and Environment in Lung Cancer ,  Singapore Study  ( National Medical Research Council   Singapore grant  ( NMRC/0897/2004 ,  NMRC/1075/2006 );  Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) of Singapore) ;  Genetic Epidemiological Study of Lung Adenocarcinoma (National Research Program on Genomic Medicine in Taiwan  ( DOH98-TD-G-111-015 );  National Research Program for Biopharmaceuticals in Taiwan  ( DOH 100-TD-PB-111-TM013 );  National Science Council, Taiwan  ( NSC 100-2319-B-400-001 ));  Guangdong Study (Foundation of Guangdong Science and Technology Department  ( 2006B60101010 ,  2007A032000002 ,  2011A030400010 );  Guangzhou Science and Information Technology Bureau  ( 2011Y2-00014 );  Chinese Lung Cancer Research Foundation ;  National Natural Science Foundation of China  ( 81101549 );  Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province  ( S2011010000792 ));  Hong Kong Study (General Research Fund of Research Grant Council ,  Hong Kong  ( 781511M ));  Intramural Research Program of the Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH ;  Intramural Research Program  of the  NIH, National Library of Medicine ;  Intramural Research Program  of the  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health; Japanese Female Lung Cancer Collaborative Study  ( Grants-in-Aid  from the  Ministry of Health, Labor, and Welfare for Research on Applying Health Technology  and for the 3rd-term Comprehensive 10-year Strategy for Cancer Control;  National Cancer Center Research and Development Fund ; Grant-in- Aid for Scientific Research on Priority Areas and on Innovative Area  from the  Ministry of Education, Science, Sports, Culture and Technology of Japan ;  NCI  ( R01-CA121210 ));  Korea Health Technology R&D Project (Korea Health Industry Development Institute (KHIDI) , funded by the  Ministry of Health & Welfare, Republic of Korea  ( HI14C0066  )); Lung cancer (Z01CP010200); Lung health ( U01HG004738 ); Ministry of Health (201002007);  Ministry of Science and Technology (2011BAI09B00) ;  Melanoma  ( NCI R29CA70334 ,  R01CA100264 ,  P50CA093459 );  Multiethnic Cohort Study  ( Infrastructure grant  ( U01 CA164973 ) and  U01 CA098758 );  National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF)  (funded by the  Korea government (MSIP)  ( NRF-2014R1A2A2A05003665 ));  NLCS (China National High-Tech Research and Development Program Grant  ( 2009AA022705 );  Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institution ;  National Key Basic Research Program  Grant ( 2011CB503805 )); Nurses'  Health Study  ( P01 CA87969 ,  R01 CA49449 ); Nurses'  Health Study II  ( UM1 CA176726 ,  R01 67262 ); OpPancreatic cancer ( Mayo Clinic SPORE  in Pancreatic Cancer:  P50CA102701 ); Prostate cancer ( U01HG004726 ,  NCI :  CA63464 ,  CA54281 ,  CA1326792 ,  RC2 CA148085 );  Shanghai Women 's Health Cohort Study ( National Institutes of Health  ( R37 CA70867 );  National Cancer Institute intramural research program ;  NCI   Intramural Research Program  contract ( N02 CP1101066 ));  Shenyang Lung Cancer Study (National Nature Science Foundation of China  ( 81102194 );  Liaoning Provincial Department of Education  ( LS2010168 );  China Medical Board  ( 00726 ));  Singapore Chinese Health Study  ( NIH grants :  NCI R01 CA55069 ,  R35 CA53890 ,  R01 CA80205 , and  R01 CA144034 );  South Korea Multi-Center Lung Cancer Study (National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF)  grant funded by the  Korea government (MEST)  ( 2011-0016106 );  National R&D Program for Cancer Control, Ministry of Health &Welfare, Republic of Korea  ( 0720550-2 ); (A010250));  Tianjin Lung Cancer Study (Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University (PCSIRT) ; China ( IRT1076 ),  Tianjin Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Foundation for Cancer Research US) ;  University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (institutional support for the Center for Translational and Public Health Genomics (NIH  grant  P50 CA 91846 ));  Women's Health Initiative (National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, U.