dataesr/scientific-paragraphs-categorization huggingface dataset:
decreased HR, QTc, LVESV, LVEDV, and standing SBP and DBP. NCT00682565 (II), Stable HF, 80% male, Loading 24-48 mg/h Double-blind, placebo- 1. Safety and tolerability 1. Only 1 patient (receiving 2008 (13) ischemic HFrEF with for 2 h, then controlled, exercise during infusion; placebo) stopped ETT early LVEF #35% and angina maintenance randomized, proportion stopping ETT due due to angina. (n ¼ 94) 6-11 mg/h for multicenter study to angina at earlier stage 2. No statistical difference in time 18 h (IV) than baseline. to angina, exercise duration, or 2. Duration of exercise, angina, ischemic ECG changes. ECG changes. NCT01786512 Acute HFrEF, 77% male, 88% Loading 7. 5-20 mg/h Double-blind, placebo- 1. Dyspnea relief by 7-point 1. No benefit for dyspnea relief at ATOMIC-AHF (IIb), white, 62% ischemic, with for 4 h, then controlled, dose- Likert-type scale at 6, 24, 6, 24, or 48 h vs.
pooled 2013-2015 (14) LVEF #40%, dyspnea and maintenance escalating, and 48 h without worsening placebo; improved dyspnea in elevated BNP (n ¼ 613) 1. 5-4 mg/h for randomized HF or death. third cohort vs. paired placebo. 44 h (IV) international 2. Safety and tolerability, 2. No benefit for 30-day death or multicenter trial biomarkers, hospital length worsening HF, length of stay, of stay, 30-day morbidity, or NT-proBNP; increased SET and mortality. and SBP; decreased HR and LVESD. NCT01300013 Expansion phase: stable HF, 25 mg twice-daily or Double-blind, placebo- 1. Pharmacokinetics of 1. Modified release allowed COSMIC-HF (IIb), 83% male, >90% white, PK-guided controlled, dose- modified release dosing titration to 50 mg twice daily 2011-2015 (15) HFrEF with LVEF #40% titration to 50 mg escalating, over 20 weeks.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This study received funding from  Wynnstay Group Plc (Llansantffraid, UK) ,  Sundown Products Ltd. (Huntingdon, UK) , the  Welsh Government (Cardiff, UK)  and  Higher Education Funding Council for Wales (Bedwas, UK)  through the  Sêr Cymru National Research Network for Low Carbon, Energy and Environment (Project: "Cleaner Cows "), and the  European Union 's  Horizon 2020 research and innovation program  ( Brussels, Belgium)  under the  Marie 414 Skłodowska-Curie  grant agreement No. 777974  (Project: CowficieNcy). The authors thank  Naomi Gordon  and other research and farm staff at  Aberystwyth University's Trawscoed Research Farm, and the staff of the university's Analytical Chemistry Laboratory (Aberystwyth, UK ). The authors have not stated any conflicts of interest.
2016). Within the Felidae there is a consistent bias in the scientific community to study larger species rather than smaller ones  (Brodie 2009; Macdonald et al. 2010; Anile & Devillard 2015 , 2018) , and hence scientific data on life history traits for smaller species are lacking. Given the aforementioned constraints, knowledge of longevity of small carnivores in the wild is rare. To our knowledge, the only longevity study of European Wildcats is that of  Hartmann (2005)  in Switzerland, where captive animals attained 12-16 years of age. Here we report our recent finding of a European Wildcat recaptured by camera traps after nine years on Mt. Etna in Sicily, Italy. Our study area was located on Mt. Etna in Sicily, Italy (Fig. 1A ), the highest active volcano in Europe and a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 2013 (UNESCO World Heritage Center 2019).
Prior to randomization, 9 subjects were excluded according to exclusion criteria, while 2 withdrew consent. The remaining 95 patients were randomized and subjected to intervention. During the course of the 3-week period, 14 patients failed to complete the study as follows: 4 from C, 5 from AO, and 5 from RO. Finally, data pertaining to 81 participants were analyzed. Among those analyzed, 49 had hypertension, 27 had type 2 diabetes and 35 had hyperlipidemia. However, these subjects maintained a constant pattern of pharmacotherapy in accordance with exclusion criteria. The flowchart of the study is shown (Fig. 1 ).
Abstract: Coral reefs are experiencing declines due to climate change and local human impacts. While at local scale biodiversity loss induces shifts in community structure, previous biogeographical analyses recorded consistent taxonomic structure of fish communities across global coral reefs. This suggest that regional communities represent a random subset of the global species and traits pool, whatever their species richness. Using distributional data on 3,586 fish species and latest advances in species distribution models we show that the global distribution of reef fishes is influenced by two major traits (body size and diet) and produces a strong divergence in the trait structure of assemblages across the biodiversity gradient. This divergence is best explained by the isolation of reefs during past unfavorable climatic conditions and highlights the risk of a global community re-organization if the ongoing climate-induced reef fragmentation is not halted.
Distributional and trait data on reef fishes We used a global database on tropical coastal fish occurrences previously compiled by Parravicini et al. [29]. These data consist in the global distribution of 6,316 fish species defined according to a grid of 5°×5° resolution, corresponding to approximately 550×550 km at the equator. Out of these species, we used distributional data for the 3,586 species considered in the fish phylogeny. We focused our analysis upon two major species ecological traits: maximum body size and diet. Maximum body size in cm was extracted from FishBase while species diet was defined according to eight trophic guilds defined according to the quantitative analysis of fish gut content data and reef fish phylogeny (see Parravicini et al. [30] ). This analysis uses detailed gut content information for 615 reef fish species and their phylogenetic position to assign species to the following trophic guilds: herbivores, microvores and detritivores (HMD), planktivores, sessile invertivores, corallivores, microinvertivores, macroinvertivores, crustacivores, piscivores.
The matrix of environment-trait interaction coefficients is the fourth corner  [31]. We used the generalized joint attribute modelling (GJAM) approach proposed by Clark et al. [32] , which solves the fourth-corner problem accounting for the joint distribution of multiple species, thereby accounting for their potential interaction. In particular the GJAM approach was used to model the presence absence of the 3,586 species in each grid cell according to sea surface temperature, present coral reef area, present geographical isolation from coral reefs, coral reef area during the Quaternary and geographical isolation from coral reefs during the Quaternary. These variables were selected because they have already be shown as important correlated of species richness  [4, 25]. Mean SST (°C) for each grid cell was obtained from the Bio-ORACLE database at a resolution of 5 arcmin  [33].
Estimates of coral reef area (km 2 ) were obtained from data based on the Coral Reef Millennium Census project and available at: http://data. unep-wcmc. org/. Isolation estimates were calculated using a nearest neighbour approach. Isolation from present reefs, from reefs during the Quaternary and coral reef area during the Quaternary were obtained by Pellissier et al. [25]. For this analysis trophic guilds were treated as categorical variables, thus producing one slope for each guild-environmental variable combination, while maximum body size was treated as a continuous variable. Positive slope coefficients for the interaction between environmental variables and trophic guilds indicate that a certain environmental variable favours the presence of species that belong to a particular guild, while negative values indicate that a certain environmental variable favour the absence of species that belong to a particular guild.
Data collection Data were mainly collected from electronic medical records or otherwise by asking general practitioner of the patients. The following data were recorded at ICU admission: age, sex, body max index (BMI), Simplified Acute Physiology Score (SAPSII)  [8] , the SOFA (Sepsis-related Organ Failure Assessment) score  [9] , extra-renal comorbidities and basal renal function. We also recorded the reason for ECMO support, the location of cannulation, the site of ECMO cannulation and in case of post-cardiac surgery, indication of surgery and duration of cardiopulmonary bypass (CBP). Within the ICU stay, we collected ECMO-associated bleeding complications: number of red blood cell (RBC) transfusions, hemopericardium defined as early (within 3 days) or otherwise late or other haemorrhagic shock needing surgery.
Study population Between 2014 and 2016, 203 patients received VA-ECMO during their ICU stays. 39 patients (19%) died within 48 h after implementation and 6 other patients had an exclusion criterion. One hundred and fifty-eight patients were included (male sex: 76%; median and interquartile range: age: 59 [47-66], baseline serum creatinine 91 [71-106] (17% of missing data requiring an imputation), baseline eGFR 78 [62-101], Simplified Acute Physiology Score II: 55 [39-66], Sepsis-related Organ Failure Assessment Score: 9  [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] [12] , time on VA-ECMO: 7. 5  [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] [12]  days). Among them 145 (91. 8%) develop an AKI during the intensive care unit (ICU) stay and 85 (54%) needed renal replacement therapy (RRT). Finally 152, 147 and 141 patients were included for the D30, D90 and 1-year analysis, respectively.
Results obtained in our study should be tempered by several limitations. First, our data reflect the experience of a single center potentially limited external validity. Second, we evaluated a mixed population of patients, who have received VA-ECMO following medical, postcardiotomy or post-cardiac arrest cardiogenic shock. A detailed evaluation of each specific population might be the focus on future studies. Third, although these analyses are based on the totality of our experience over 3 years, the total number of patients who underwent VA-ECMO is not high and our analyses could have been underpowered for some analyses. Fourth, many patients were lost to follow-up at 1 year and taking into consideration the high mortality rate of this population, these losses may have had a great impact on the results.
In the real world, biofuels may not be carbon neutral because their production requires energy and because the net carbon balance of growing biomass in the land use sector, processing it and using it in the energy sector is not zero in some cases  (Fargione et al 2008). Although in cases of sustainable forest management, it was shown to be close to zero  (Nabuurs et al 2017) , supporting the assumption of the PA accounting. We also calculated the emissions of CO 2 respired by humans which are collocated with fossil fuel emissions in hot-spot areas by using spatially explicit inventories of fossil fuel emissions, and data on crop harvest and consumption in populated areas from Wolf et al 2015 (see Methods). The data in figure  1  show that over the cities that produce plumes of CO 2 detectable from space, human respiration represents a source to the atmosphere of 0.
To help separate the fossil, biogenic, and human fluxes, we recommend that for power plants, precise information on the use of biofuel in each power plant should be collected. Information on trade flows of biomass should also make it possible to close the net carbon balance of the loop of the carbon cycle where crop and forest growth cause CO 2 sinks which are balanced by the harvest of biomass and subsequent biofuel burning and respiration CO 2 emissions. For cities, additional ground-based measurement networks of tracers that can isolate the contribution of fossil carbon from bio-emissions, like radiocarbon, could be integrated with the satellite-based observations of CO 2 plumes to allow a proper separation of bio-emissions from fossil fuel emissions, at least for some test cities. The need for such additional data to separate fossil fuels from bio-emissions suggests that satellite CO 2 retrievals cannot be a panacea for the Enhanced Transparency Framework of the Paris Agreement, but satellite CO 2 imagery still represents an important asset to stimulate the development of improved national inventories of anthropogenic CO 2 emissions.
Both sensors will be used to record peripheral oxygen saturation, respiratory rate, heart rate, body temperature and blood pressure (systolic and diastolic). The main objective will be to assess the degree of agreement between the two systems during the patients' stay in the postanaesthesia care unit, both at the raw signal level and at the clinical parameter level. The secondary objectives will be to assess the same performance under anaesthesia, the frequency of missing data or artefacts, the diagnostic performance of the systems, the influence of patients' characteristics on agreement between the two systems, the adverse events and the acceptability of the patch to patients. Bland-Altman plots will be used in the main analysis to detect discrepancies and estimate the limits of agreement.
The studied device The VS medical device, which has not yet obtained European Community or Food and Drug Administration approval, comprises a reusable electronic module, which allows physiological data to be acquired, and a disposable skin patch, which secures three contact electrodes (figure  1 ; Devinnova). Sensors integrated into the electronic module allow the measurement of the following vital parameters: three-lead ECG signals, oxygen saturation, respiratory rate, heart rate, body temperature, blood pressure (systolic and diastolic), actimetry (distance travelled, speed, number of steps and posture) and abrupt changes in position (impacts, falls). The electrodes enable signals to be measured from three ECG leads (DI, augmented vector left and augmented vector right). The patch sensor also includes a dry zinc/air battery (button cell, 1.
Open access emitted wavelength; the reflection measurements make this method reproducible and reliable. 23 The temperature is measured by infrared spectroscopy, which also has high reproducibility over time. A six-axis accelerometer is used to evaluate the gravitational effect, that is, a patient's postural position (lying down, resting on the right or left flank, standing, sitting, immobile, moving) as well as actimetry (number of steps, distance covered, speed) and fall detection. The patch is waterproof, and its size is appropriate for daily use. A mobile device (smartphone with 3G/4G connection, tablet with internet connection, and so on) with Android (version 4. 3 or newer) or iOS (version 10. 0 or newer) allows the electronic module to be configured and uses identifying information to associate the patient with the medical device.
After this configuration process, all data will be recorded and sent to the mobile device via Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) V4. 0 or higher. The data acquired by the electronic module are stored in the VS medical device and transmitted to the mobile device, which will encrypt the data and transfer them in real time to a dedicated certified health server. The information stored in the medical device itself is also encrypted and is recorded in a local memory operating system in a first-in, first-out manner. When there is no BLE link between the VS device and the mobile device (due to battery depletion or disruption of device pairing), the VS stores the data in its internal memory and automatically repeats the BLE pairing process (via a thread) with the mobile device until it succeeds. The memory of the VS can store data for up to 4 days.
When pairing is operational again, the data acquired in real time are transmitted again and become visible on the mobile device (priority data); the data stored in the memory of the VS (resulting from the link break) are parallelised (via a thread) and sent directly to the buffer zone of the mobile device before being transferred to the certified health server. Raw data and clinical parameters calculated via the VS will be concealed from caregivers in order not to influence care and will be analysed a posteriori from the cloud server. The ability to view the data in real time using the connection between the VS and the mobile device will not be used in this study.
Intervention Patients meeting the study inclusion criteria a priori will be identified on the basis of the surgical programme and the elements collected during anaesthesia consultations. Two physicians (SM and SA), collaborators on the study, will meet these patients either the day before the operation or the same morning. They will present the study to the patients and answer any questions that may arise. The patients will decide whether to participate in this study after a period of reflection that they consider sufficient. After written informed consent is obtained, the skin patch will be placed on the upper part of the sternum (figure  1 ). All recorded data will include an absolute timestamp, where the mobile device is the reference. Anaesthesia will be induced following a standard protocol with standard monitoring, including electrocardiography, non-invasive arterial blood pressure, pulse oximetry, capnography and inspiratory and expiratory sevoflurane concentration measurements, as well as train-of-four monitoring (Aisys anaesthesia machine, Carescape Monitor B850, General Electric Healthcare, Chicago, Illinois, USA).
Data collection Patient characteristics will be collected on inclusion in the study and will consist of age, sex, American Society of Anesthesiologists classification, body mass index, underlying diseases and classification of chest hair. Surgical indication, type of surgical procedure, procedural duration and eventual complications will be collected at the end of the study from the surgical and anaesthetic records. All intraoperative monitoring variables (blood pressure, heart rate, pulse oximetry, ventilatory variables, including tidal volume, ventilatory frequency, peak and mean airway pressures and partial tension of end-tidal carbon dioxide pressure) will be collected using a Centricity Anaesthesia system at a rate of one value per minute. This system is an anaesthesia information management system that automatically collects and stores data in a repository, which can be subsequently exported as a spreadsheet file (GE Healthcare, Buc, France).
All variables monitored in the PACU (blood pressure, heart rate derived from ECG, pulse oximetry and respiratory rate measured by thoracic impedance) will also be collected using a Centricity Anaesthesia system at one value per minute, except for arterial pressure, which will be measured at a lower frequency (from one measurement per minute to one every 15 min according to the clinical state of the patient). The data from the patch sensor will not be communicated to the anaesthesiologists, the nurses or other healthcare providers during the study period. Because the main goal of this study is to investigate how postoperative physiological changes can be monitored with the patch, notes about any relevant findings will be made during the study. For example, if a complication occurs, it will be noted with the corresponding date and time and will be linked with the corresponding measurements.
Statistical analysis Number of patients to be included The aim of this study is to test the equivalence of two devices in recording the same data for the same patients. There is no standard method for the analysis of discrete time series (raw signal level). Therefore, an approach based on the quality of physiological data recorded (clinical parameter level) was used to calculate the required number of patients. For heart rate equipment, the recommendations for the limits of acceptable error (boundaries of the Bland-Altman plot) are a difference of ±5 beats per minute (bpm) or ±10%, whichever is greater, between the device of interest and a reference device, as proposed by the Association for Advancement of Medical Instrumentation in 2002. 24 On that basis, we adopted these relative limits (±10%) for all parameters.
However, it will also allow us (1) to analyse agreement at the clinical event level, those events being much less frequent than the sampling points, and (2) to perform an agreement analysis according to prespecified subgroups, defined by gender, age, body mass index and quantity of chest hair. Taking into account that approximately 20% of the data may be unusable, it is anticipated that 115 patients need to be included in the study to ensure that the data of 90 patients (with two paired measurements, each in the postoperative period) can be analysed.
31 32 If the 95% CIs for the 95% LoAs are within the predefined agreement limits that are clinically acceptable, the two methods will be considered to have sufficient agreement to fulfil the agreement requirements. In addition, a Clarke error grid analysis, with standard predetermined grids for heart rate, respiratory rate, artery pressure, SpO 2 and temperature, will be conducted to identify the consequences of clinical decisions. 33 or adverse events, such as bradycardia, the sensitivity and specificity of the wearable device compared with the reference sensor will be calculated with 95% CIs. Data from the postoperative period and the intraoperative period will be analysed separately. A two-tailed p value <0. 05 will be considered statistically significant, without any adjustment for multiplicity.
Acknowledgements We would like to thank the person who made the figure 1 possible. Contributors MLG, PS, PA, MM and MF contributed to the conception and design of the research protocol. SM, SA and BT provided critical input pertaining to the design of the trial interventions and procedures. MLG, PS, PA, MM and MF made substantial contributions to the interpretation of the data. PA designed the statistical analysis protocol. MF wrote the first draft of the protocol and this manuscript. All authors (MLG, PS, SM, SA, BT, MM, PA and MF) critically revised and modified the protocol and the article. All authors approved the final version to be published. All authors have agreed to be accountable for all aspects of the work and to ensure that questions related to the accuracy or integrity of any part of the work are appropriately investigated and resolved.
Acknowledgments: JcW thanks  A. Jimãnez ,  O. Pistoresi  and  S. Cuisance  for technical support during the development of sample fabrication process. This work was financially supported by the french " Investissement d'Avenir" program , project  ISITE-BFC  (contract  ANR-15-IDEX-0003 ). This research work has benefit from the  ARCEN microfabrication platform of University of Burgundy.
A. Sampling Method The population in this study were restaurant managers/owners in North Sulawesi. The sampling method is probability sampling which provides opportunities for each member of the population to be chosen as a member of the sample. Based on the results of data collection, it was found that the number of restaurants in North Sulawesi was 92, while the number of restaurants was 727. So that the researcher decided to take restaurant data entirely to represent the owner / manager of the restaurant and the number of restaurants was calculated, the number of employees who were respondent was 103 Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, volume 298 people. So that the total number of respondents, 195 respondents. The number of questionnaires collected was 181 from 83 managers and 98 employees.