dataesr/scientific-paragraphs-categorization huggingface dataset:
Rock magnetic studies, together with petrological studies of composition and fabric could identify, for example, magnetic minerals formed during serpentinization, as well as signatures of metamorphism. Collectively, these studies will better Earth and Space Science 10. 1029/2018EA000420 inform the roles of aqueous alteration and metamorphism in the magnetization record of the Martian crust  (Gunnlaugsson et al. , 2006; Harrison & Grimm, 2002; Quesnel et al. , 2009)  aiding the interpretation of satellite data and better constraining the timing of the core dynamo  (Langlais & Purucker, 2007; Lillis et al. , 2006). Different geologic units are more prone to different alteration processes. For example, thermal alteration of paleomagnetic samples is most likely for volcanic units, and chemical alteration involving water may be found in deltaic sediments.
S3. 1. 2 Extracting Contact Resistance Transport properties of a graphene Corbino disk were calculated in Ref. (3). The conductance is determined by G = se 2 h ∑ j= 1 2 , 3 2 , 5 2. T j , (S6) where s = 8 and T j is the transmission coefficient of the jth channel. Transmission coefficient is given by T j = 16 π 2 k 2 R 1 R 2 1 (D + j ) 2 + (D - j ) 2 , (S7) with D ± j = ℑ{H (1) j-1/2 (kr i )H (2) j∓1/2 (kr o ) ±H (1) j+1/2 (kr i )H (2) j±1/2 (kr o )}, (S8) where H (K) ν (x) is the Kth Hankel function and k = π|n| denotes the wave vector. By using Eq. S6 one can generate theoretical curves corresponding to our devices. In Fig. S2e , the measured conductance is compared with three theoretical curves and the data are found to agree well when a contact resistance of 420 Ω is taken into account.
b) Measured transconductance phase data at high field 7 -9 T for sample XD (the blank upper right corner was not scanned in the experiment). The dashed yellow lines mark the boundaries of the sections in which the correlation function was evaluated. The color on top of each stripe corresponds to the analyzed histogram in Fig. S4c. c ) Scaled correlation function c(ν) obtained from the data in Fig. S4b. The identified fractional states are marked by arrows; states marked in red could not be resolved in conductance measurements directly The total unscaled correlation function is obtained by summing over all values of w: h(ν) = ∑ w h(ν) w. In order to find dominant fractional slopes in the data, the cross-correlation was calculated for all ν ∈ {0. 1. 5} and histograms of h(ν) were plotted. A peak in the correlation histogram indicates presence of a dominating feature corresponding to the filling factor ν.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We thank  C. Flindt ,  A. Harju ,  Y. Meir ,  T. Ojanen ,  S. Paraoanu ,  E. Sonin , and  G. Féve  for fruitful discussions. This work has been supported in part by the  EU Framework Programme  ( FP7  and  H2020 Graphene Flagship ), by  ERC  (grant no. 670743 ), and by the  Academy of Finland  (projects no. 250280 LTQ CoE  and  286098 ). A. L. is grateful to  Vaisälä Foundation of the Finnish Academy of Science and Letters  for a scholarship. Author contributions: The research was initiated by P. J. H. The experimental principle was selected by M. K. and.
Fourth, large numbers of Drosophila are readily generated in a short time and since this organism has a relatively short life span allows the rapid collection of, statistically robust data  (Piper et al. , 2005). In order to develop an invertebrate-based bioassay for mammalian prion infectivity, we have generated ovine PrP transgenic Drosophila and have assessed the ability of these flies to detect ovine scrapie prions.
Not applicable Are the 3Rs implications of the work described accurately? Yes Is the rationale for developing the new method (or application) clearly explained? Yes Is the description of the method technically sound? Yes The benefits of publishing with F1000Research: Your article is published within days, with no editorial bias • You can publish traditional articles, null/negative results, case reports, data notes and more • The peer review process is transparent and collaborative • Your article is indexed in PubMed after passing peer review • Dedicated customer support at every stage • For pre-submission enquiries, contact research@f1000. com.
The application has to cater for variant levels of non-functional properties that characterize each tenant. For instance, consider three tenants that consist of: Medical Insurance Provider, Healthcare Analytics Provider and a Research Laboratory. The Medical Insurance Provider uses the application to manage his documents and contracts with existing and new clients. Concerning security, he requires authentication, data integrity and privacy and user access controls. He requires also an availability of 99. 95%, a response time not exceeding 500 ms, and the service Handling Tenant-Specific Non-Functional Requirements through a Generic SLA to be device and location-aware. As for the Healthcare Analytics Provider, he makes use of the application as a central repository where he manages his contracts with all his clients, and where he has visibility on the status of contracts all along their cycle, from negotiation to signature.
The Fe-1. 5 wt% Mo powder used in this work also has the advantage of having been characterized extensively in earlier work  (Rebuffi et al. , 2016; Scardi et al. , 2017) , which makes clear which effects contribute to the line broadening. There is no intention in this study to propose the 'best' method to perform a separation of size and strain effects, but a well documented state-of-the-art procedure is used with the purpose of showing differences between the different experimental setups and data quality, and to demonstrate, in general, the possibility of separating size and strain contributions. All experimental data, collected by several laboratories participating in this project, are made available to the community of XRD users, for future reference and to test methods and procedures.
Diffraction measurements: instruments and setups This study concerns how data quantity and quality influence results in terms of accuracy and reliability. Thus we collected 'top quality/quantity' data exploiting SR beamline instruments operated with high (!15 keV) energy, but also a number of patterns from traditional laboratory instruments, including some data sets of apparently 'poor' statistical quality (e. g. collected in a short time) and/or encompassing few Bragg peaks. This was done intentionally, to highlight the diversity of the data sets that are regularly collected in measurement laboratories, and also to show how data quantity/quality influence the results, for example the different numbers of peaks in measured patterns, counting statistics, instrumental Synoptic view of all data collected for this study.
, 2009). The WPPM procedure can also account for the temperature diffuse scattering (TDS), according to Warren's model  (Warren, 1990)  extended to nanocrystalline domains  (Beyerlein et al. , 2012). Among all available data sets, only 28bm11 was collected at three temperatures (100, 200 and 300 K), thus allowing for a detailed analysis of the static and dynamic contributions to the diffuse scattering  (Scardi et al. , 2017). However, TDS was also included in the analysis of 43ID22, as the room-temperature data were collected with a high-energy (31 keV)/high-brilliance beam, providing the longest list of Bragg peaks of the present study, under controlled (i. e. negligible) absorption conditions, which make possible a reliable inclusion of the thermal scattering effects. As pointed out in the cited paper, this ball milled sample is composed of a ferritic (body centred cubic) iron phase, but contamination from the milling vials (composed of NiCr steel) tends to stabilize a small fraction of austenite, also included in the WPPM.
The 17MoK 1 data, although providing results not far from those of SR data, tend to instability in the least-squares modelling because of the high background, in particular the sloping trend of the region of the most intense reflections of iron (Fig. 4 ). This is probably a consequence of removing the receiving slit, or keeping the antiscatter slit wide open, both allowing high count rates but responsible, at the same time, for the high background signal and high P (Fig. 5 ). Note that the agreement between the mWH model and data is better the lower the number of data points. This apparent paradox, caused by using nearly as many parameters as data points, suggests caution in the interpretation of the IB analysis. A good match with few data points should not increase confidence in the reliability of numerical results.
INTRODUCTION The European Space Agency (ESA) Rosetta spacecraft was launched in 2004 to perform an orbital study of Corresponding author: John Noonan noonan@boulder. swri. edu * Deceased the comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko, the first mission of its kind. Following rendezvous with the comet on 2014 August 6, the Rosetta spacecraft was able to observe the surface and activity of the comet from close distances. The Alice ultraviolet spectrograph on board the spacecraft measured the atomic and molecular far ultraviolet (FUV) emissions. These observations help to characterize the atomic and molecular composition, re-flectance properties of the comet's surface and the composition and time variation of the comet's coma  (Stern et al. 2007). Previous papers analyzing Alice data have explored the near nucleus coma (d comet ≤ 100 km) environment, the dominant emission from electron impact dissociation of water, and the spectral signature of outbursts from the nucleus  (Stern et al.
Visible observations of the 2007 CME impact on comet 2P/Encke by STEREO were from too great a distance to directly observe the behavior of the inner coma in response to the increased flux of energetic particles  (Vourlidas et al. 2007 ). Here we describe a substantial increase in atomic UV emission lines coincident with the arrival of a coronal mass ejection (CME) at 67P. A brief overview of the Alice instrument is given in Section 2. Section 3 discusses observations of the observed emission spike that was seen on 2015 October 5-6, the same date and time that  Edberg et al. (2016b)  reported that a CME impacted the coma of 67P. Section 4 reviews the Alice spectra and Ion and Electron Spectrometer (IES) data gathered during this CME, and compares Alice and Rosetta Plasma Consortium (RPC) results to establish that there is a relationship between the impact of the CME and the UV emissions observed by Alice.
Alice Observations The Alice instrument has multiple observation modes, the most common being a five or ten-minute "histogram" that uses the double delay-line detector to integrate a 2-D wavelength and spatial position image, where each pixel is a sum of the events detected at that spatial-spectral location  (Stern et al. 2007 ). This observing mode is optimal when Alice's slit is stationary relative to its target. Any scanning motion of the slit in the along-slit direction at a rate greater than one spatial pixel per exposure time will smear the image. The Alice data files contain SPICE-based pointing and geometry information at the start of the exposure, but no information about how the pointing changes during the exposure. Resonance fluorescence and dissociative electron impact on gases are expected sources of emission multiplets measured by Alice during this post-perihelion observation.
The guidance sets out a range of questions for reviewers to use in assessing the applicability and transferability of interventions from one policy or practice context to another. Likewise, Burford and colleagues  25  note that synthesising evidence with reference to context is difficult because of poor reporting in primary studies, but recommend that systematic review authors should provide information on the following aspects of context to enable users to assess the applicability of the evidence to their own decision-making: l descriptions of study settings (geographical, health system, etc. ), time periods and populations l factors affecting intervention implementation identified in the included studies l baseline prevalences of the health issues of interest in the study populations/settings l evidence of differential effects across sociodemographic or other groupings l data from the included studies on the resources required to implement the interventions.
Summary The review synthesised evidence from cluster randomised controlled trials on the effectiveness of interventions using the Health Promoting Schools framework for improving the health, well-being and educational achievement of school students. 118, 119 xty-seven studies were included in the review. The review found evidence of small intervention effects, indicative of public health benefit, for physical activity, physical fitness, fruit and vegetable intake, BMI, tobacco use and being bullied. There was limited evidence of intervention effectiveness for standardised body mass index (zBMI) and none for fat intake, alcohol use, drug use, mental health, violence and bullying others. Only two studies conducted cost-effectiveness evaluations. Data on academic attainment was rarely collected and so the review could not come to any conclusion about the impact of Health Promoting Schools interventions on this important outcome.
The review drew attention to important aspects of context missing from the included studies and made recommendations about this should be addressed in future. Strikingly, although the context for these interventions was school, only two studies reported outcome data on school attainment or attendance, even though such data are likely to influence any decision to scale up implementation of Health Promoting Schools interventions. Process evaluations tended to be dominated by issues of implementation fidelity and, to a lesser extent, acceptability, with few considering the social, cultural or political contexts surrounding implementation, making judgements about the extent to which interventions would be transferable to other countries and school contexts difficult. Only eight included studies had been conducted in LMICs.
Acknowledgements P roject management was provided by  Hannah Dorling ,  Research Fellow  at the NIHR (2015), and  Genevieve Baker ,  Research Manager  at the  NIHR  ( 2016-17 ). The views expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of the CIHR or its IPPH, the  NIHR  or the  UK Department of Health and Social Care. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS NIHR  Journals Library www. journalslibrary. nihr. ac. uk.
All these fascinating new discoveries and hypotheses explain why, in recent years, specialized journals focusing on EVs have been launched, such as the Journal of Extracellular Vesicles, and regular international meetings dedicated to EVs have been established as well as an academic society, the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles (ISEV). The data from various EV studies have been listed in three databases dedicated to EVs, namely Exocarta (lipids, RNA and proteins identified in exosomes), Vesiclepedia (data from different types of EVs) and EVpedia (highthroughput analyses and data on proteins, nucleic acids and lipids EVs)  (Mathivanan and Simpson 2009; Kalra et al. 2012; Kim et al. 2013 Kim et al. , 2015)). EVs are diverse in origin and nature, and there is little consensus on their classification  (Gould and Raposo 2013).
(1978) ;  Raposo et al. (1996) ;  Heijnen et al. (1999)  EVs present in circulating fluids are likely to be mainly composed of both exosomes and microvesicles  (Muralidharan-Chari et al. 2010). Several studies have shown that EV populations are usually heterogeneous, even in pure cell culture, with each type of cell being able to produce different types of EVs. Moreover, it seems that specific types of EVs (or at least EVs with specific cargoes) may be produced exclusively by different cell types. For example, proteomic analysis of EVs purified from breast milk showed that 198 of the identified proteins are not present in the EV database, Vesiclepedia, suggesting that milk-derived EVs harbor proteins not observed in other EVs  (van Herwijnen et al. 2016). This combination of specific EVs being produced by specific cell types and multiple EV subtypes being produced by each cell highlights not only the heterogeneity in EVs, but also the difficulty in studying these enigmatic entities.
Recognition of specific RNA nucleotide sequences motifs by exosomal RNA binding proteins is implicated in miRNA sorting. These motifs were detected in miRNA enriched in exosomes using bioinformatic  (Batagov, Kuznetsov and Kurochkin 2011; Villarroya-Beltri et al. 2013)  or biochemical approaches (Santangelo, Giurato and Cicchini 2016). Bagatov and colleagues identified three 8 nucleotides motives enriched in exosomal RNA sequences extracted from gene expression databases. Later on, Kossinova and colleagues succeeded in isolating two human RNA-binding proteins present in exosomes (YB-1 and NSUN2) that bind short RNA hairpins containing these motifs  (Kossinova et al. 2017). Sanchez-Mardrid and colleagues identified GGAG as a motif enriched into miRNA of exosomes produced by human lymphoblasts  (Villarroya-Beltri et al.
2015; Zaremba-Niedzwiedzka et al. 2017). However, these phylogenetic analyses have been questioned due to the inclusion of many fast-evolving species in the species dataset used for these analyses  (Da Cunha et al. 2017 ; for controversies surrounding these data, see Da  Cunha et al. 2018; Spang et al. 2018). Universal trees of life based on the longer universal proteins, especially RNA polymerase large subunits, strongly support the classical Woese tree of life (Da  Cunha et al. 2017). If the bacterial ancestor of mitochondria did not invade an archaeon but a proto-eukaryote, EVs produced by ancient bacteria living as endosymbionts in proto-eukaryotes (including the mitochondrial ancestor) could still have played an important role in eukaryogenesis by interacting with the intracellular EVs network of proto-eukaryotes.
All inventoried documents have been then organized topographically, and the decorations of the monuments have been arranged hierarchically by section, wall, register, and so on. This work enables immediate contextualization of the different texts in the temples, and the ability to move easily from one to those around it. To avoid restricting the work carried out on the project's online interface, a first volume of the inventory of monuments, objects, scenes and inscriptions of the temples of Karnak, gathering all information collected in the framework of the project, was published in 2016  (Biston-Moulin, 2016). This inventory will be periodically updated in the coming years. The project seeks to be as thorough as possible and includes data from the Cachette of Karnak, a database which has been developed by the French Institute for Oriental Archaeology (IFAO) and the CNRS since 2006  (Coulon & Jambon, 2016)  devoted to about a thousand statues and objects unearthed at the same location in the Karnak temple at the beginning of the 19 th century, and which are now kept in various museums around the world.
These high-resolution photographs are given metadata and distributed online. The metadata associated with these documents are interoperable (RDF/Sparql) to allow searches and ensure both data accessibility and reliability over time. The user is therefore consistently provided with tools for source criticism. The photographs also allow access to the palaeography of texts and to the relationship between these and the decors. The whole collection of archival photographs of the CFEETK, which cover nearly 150 years of work in the temple (1870-2018), are also associated with the relative documents through the Nakala repository, showing whether a text or a decoration is in a different state of preservation or context than in the past. Approximately 30,000 photographs illustrating the inscriptions are available at this stage.
Progress and Prospects These are a few aspects of the main technical and methodological challenges that the Karnak project has had to overcome in the course of the production, still in progress, of the largest corpus of hieroglyphic texts freely available online. Through the choices made at the outset of the project, then during its development, and the technical solutions developed along the way, five years after its launch the Karnak project has collected, organized and edited more than 10,000 hieroglyphic, hieratic and demotic inscriptions. Its online interface available in French, English and Arabic has received more than 4,000,000 visitors. The edition of the Karnak project corpus will be completed in the coming years and our attention is now turning to the future of the data collected in the course of this digital epigraphy project.
Database for Palaeohispanic Languages; and AELAW, a Database for the Ancient European Languages and Writings. Challenges, Introduction The Experience of DASI Project XIII Concept and Content of the Volume Reading Path XVII Part I: Data Modelling and Encoding for Curated Editions and XIV XV Linguistic Study Christiane Zimmermann, Kerstin Kazzazi and Jens-Uwe Bahr 2 Methodological, Structural and Technical Challenges of a German-English Runic/RuneS Database 21 2. 1 Introduction 21 2. 1. 1 The Main Research Areas and the Specific Profile of RuneS 21 2. 1. 2 RuneS and Digital Epigraphy 22 2. 1. 3 Why is a Digital RuneS Database Necessary? 23 2. 2 Design of the Database 24 2. 2. 1 2. 3 Concluding Remarks 34 Bibliography 35 María José Estarán, Francisco Beltrán, Eduardo Orduña and Joaquín Gorrochategui 3 Hesperia, a Solutions, Prospects 36 3.
1 Introduction to BDHesp and AELAW Databases 37 3. 2 Palaeohispanic Languages and Writings 38 3. 3 BDHesp (Banco de Datos de Lenguas Paleohispánicas Hesperia) 40 3. 3. 1 Developing BDHesp: From an Epigraphic Database to a Databank of Palaeohispanic Languages 41 3. 3. 2 Challenges Arising from the Digitalization of Palaeohispanic Epigraphy and Solutions Adressed in BDHesp 42 3. 4 AELAW 45 3. 4. 1 Developing of the AELAW Database 46 3. 4. 2 Challenges Arising from the Digitalization of Palaeo-European Epigraphy and Solutions Addressed in AELAW 47 Bibliography 48 Francesco Di Filippo 4 Sinleqiunnini: Designing an Annotated Text Collection for Logo-Syllabic Writing Systems 49 4. 1 The Project 49 4. 2 Collection Design: Mark-Up Languages Versus Database Model 51 4. 3 Sinleqiunnini Data Container 57 4.
4 Conclusions 61 Bibliography Alessandro Bausi and Pietro M. Liuzzo 6 Inscriptions from Ethiopia. Encoding Inscriptions in Beta Maṣāḥǝft 84 6. 1 Ethiopian and Eritrean Ancient Epigraphy 84 6. 2 Beta Maṣāḥǝft 87 6. 3 Inscriptions in Beta Maṣāḥǝft 88 6. 3. 1 The Challenges of Encoding Inscriptions in Semitic Scripts 88 6. 3. 2 Multilingual Inscriptions 90 6. 3. 3 Inscriptions in Greek 91 6. 4 Conclusions 92 Bibliography 92 Paolo Xella and José Á. Zamora 7 Phoenician Digital Epigraphy: CIP Project, the State of the Art 93 7. 1 Motive of the Project and Institutional Background 93 7. 2 Aims and General Description of the Project 94 7. 3 Basic Technical Data 95 7. 4 Organization and Structure of the Corpus 97 7. 5 State of the Database and Future Outlook 100 Bibliography 101 Anne Multhoff 9 A Methodological Framework for the Epigraphic South Arabian Lexicography.
1 An Automatic Word Analyzer for Languages Epigraphically Attested 133 Design of the Database -Step Zero: Basic Considerations 2. 2. 2 Design of the Database -Step One: Type of Data? 24 2. 2. 2. 1 Backbone of the Database: The Find Fields 26 2. 2. 3 Design of the Database -Step Two: The Graphemic Section and the Structure of the Database 28 2. 2. 4 Design of the Database -Step Three: The Bilingual Layout 31 2. 2. 4. 1 Bilingual Terminology: Choices 10. 2 Requirements of the Word Analyzer for Sabaic 135 Daniel Burt, Ahmad Al-Jallad and Michael C. A. Macdonald 8 The Online Corpus of the Inscriptions of Ancient North Arabia 10. 3 Functioning of the Word Analyzer 136 102 8. 1 The Background to OCIANA 10. 3. 1 Using KALAM 137 102 8. 1. 1 10. 4 Future Perspectives 139 Building a Digital Corpus: Challenges, Objectives and Perspectives Bibliography 140 106 31 2.