dataesr/scientific-paragraphs-categorization huggingface dataset:
Study Participants and Treatment. In this study, patients affected by delayed union or nonunion of the long bones, aged 18-65 years, were recruited in a prospective, controlled, multicentric, phase I/IIa, and interventional clinical trial entitled "Evaluation of Efficacy and Safety of Autologous MSCs Combined to Biomaterials to Enhance Bone Healing (OrthoCT1)" (ClinicalTrials. gov identifier: NCT01842477). The inclusion criteria were the following: age 18 to 65, both sexes; delayed union or nonunion at least 3 months from a traumatic, isolated, closed or open, and diaphyseal or metaphysodiaphyseal fracture of long bone. The exclusion criteria were the following: pregnant or breast-feeding women, women who are of childbearing age and not practicing adequate birth control, participation in another therapeutic trial in the previous 3 months; delayed union or nonunion related to iatrogenic causes; segmental bone loss requiring specific therapy (bone transport, large structural allograft, megaprosthesis, etc.
Calculations and Statistical Analysis. Statistical analysis was performed using the StatView 5. 0. 1 software (SAS Institute Inc. , Cary, NC). Data have been expressed as mean ± standard error of the mean of analyte concentration at the different time points and as changes from the baseline value measured at bone marrow harvest. The changes over time have been calculated as follows: At visit 1 (BM harvesting): 1 -[BTM visit 1/BTM visit 1] = 0 (baseline). At visit 4: 1 -[BTM visit 4/BTM visit 1]. At visit 5: 1 -[BTM visit 5/BTM visit 1]. At visit 6: 1 -[BTM visit 6/BTM visit 1]. A nonparametric paired analysis of the data (Wilcoxon signed-rank test) was applied patient by patient to detect changes of BTM over time, from visit 1 to visit 6. The Mann-Whitney U test was used to highlight significant differences between two independent variables.
Conclusion Nonunions are among the leading indications for cell therapy bone repair in everyday practice  [30]. A nonsubjective assessment of bone healing, possibly at an early stage, is eagerly awaited by clinicians to predict treatment outcome, but currently, there is no reliable way to predict which patients will benefit from regenerative approaches. We evaluated a panel of BTM that could reflect the healing rate, to be used as a supplemental marker for monitoring or predicting consolidation. Our data show that BTM (i) change after the MSC/ MBCP+ regenerative therapy, (ii) correlate to the imaging results at certain follow-up time points, and (iii) differ in patients who had an "early consolidation. " Yet, despite the remarkable differences in bone formation markers, the predictive value of BTM changes cannot be determined, since a single failure was observed, that is, about 5% of the treated cases.
Materials and methods Patients The institutional review boards of the Pitie-Salpêtrière Hospital and all participating institutions approved the study. Written informed consent was obtained for all study participants (patient's next of kin during the acute stage, and patients themselves after recovery of consciousness). The protocol was registered on December 2007 (NCT00577954). One hundred and five consecutive patients were prospectively enrolled from May 2001 to March 2009 in 6 different University Hospital Centers. Retrospective analysis of these prospectively collected data was conducted for this study. All patients had severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) defined as an inability to follow simple commands that could not be explained by sedation one week after severe head trauma. The inclusion criteria were:  (1)  adult patient between 15 and 75 year of age with severe TBI independently from the mechanism, except penetrating injury; and (2) comatose state with inability to follow simple commands that could not be explained by sedation at least 7 days, and not more than 45 days, after TBI.
The pressure in the analysis chamber was always below 10 -7 Pa. The area analyzed was approximately 2 mm × 2 mm. The pass energy of the hemispherical analyzer was set at 25 eV and the energy step was set at 0. 1 eV. Data processing was performed with the Casa XPS program (Casa Software Ltd. , UK). Binding energy (BE) values were centered using the C 1s peak at 284. 8 eV. The atomic fractions (%) were calculated using peak areas normalized based on acquisition parameters after background subtraction, experimental sensitivity factors and transmission factors provided by the manufacturer.
BET surface area Nitrogen adsorption/desorption measurements were performed to determine the specific surface area of the prepared nanocomposites and the results were analyzed by BET method. The N2 adsorption/desorption isotherms for all the prepared composites are shown in Fig. 1  and textural data are given in Table  1. The isotherm shapes of the different composites, as well as that of bare TiO2 correspond to mesoporous materials, whereas RGO isotherm suggests the presence of both micro and mesoporosity (Fig. 1A ). The BET surface area of T/G samples was significantly larger than that of the T/GS ones in the whole range of RGO contents. In addition, surface area, pore volume and average pore diameter go through a maximum value at GO content of 10 wt. % in T/G series (Fig 1B  and 1C ), whereas they increase continuously and then reach the maximum at 20 wt.
Acknowledgements This research has been supported by the  People Programme  ( Marie Curie Actions ) of the European Union's  Seventh Framework Programme  (FP7/2007-2013) and from  ACCIÓ  under  REA  (grant agreement n°  600388 ) through the grant  TECSPR13-1-0038 ,  Tecniospring-Marie Curie fellowship Programme. JL is Serra Hunter Fellow and is grateful to  ICREA Academia program  and  MINECO  (grant  ENE2015-63969-R ).
Data collection Patients were identified from the ICU database of each hospital. All the data were collected retrospectively by a systematic screening of patients' medical records. The following data were collected: age, gender, height and weight, and significant aspects of past medical history. Organs affected by vasculitis were listed upon the presentation of newly diagnosed and relapsing patients. The ANCA type was recorded, and pathology data of biopsied organs were analyzed (when available) to confirm the diagnosis of vasculitis. Birmingham Vasculitis Activity Score (BVAS) 2003 was used to determine AAV activity  [26].
Statistical analysis Quantitative parameters were presented as median (interquartile range (IQR)) and qualitative parameters as absolute number and/or percentage. Categorical and continuous data were analyzed with Chi-square (or Fisher's exact test) and Mann-Whitney U tests, respectively. Results were presented as odd ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (95 CIs); the Kaplan-Meyer method was used to analyze the survival rates of ICU and non-ICU groups. A log-rank test was used to compare the survival curves. All statistical tests were performed with a twosided 0. 05 level of significance applied. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software ® 23. 0 for Macintosh and Graphpad Prism ®.
Rather, it may represent an indicator of overall severity associated with an immunosuppressive state related to the condition which led to ICU admission (DAH and AAV), consequences of ICU care (tracheal intubation), and immunosuppressive treatments. Analysis of cause of death brings up additional relevant information, as infection causes and disease activity both represent the two major conditions associated with death. Finally, from our dataset, no straightforward message can be established for the purpose of determining whether ICU patients with AAV require a higher or lower level of immunosuppression, if this concept has any meaning. Improved ICU outcome may come from more refined and individualized induction regimen. It has been proven that PE has benefited AAV patients with severe renal involvement (i.
e. , creatinine >500 μmol/L) when used in replacement of methylprednisolone boluses in AAV induction treatment, allowing the achievement of higher rates of renal recovery  [11]. Moreover, evidence from clinical practice and retrospective studies also supports PE effectiveness in patients with DAH-related AAV  [5, 12, 38]. However, our study does not show a clear-cut impact of PE on survival, this observation being clearly limited by the design of this study and the dataset. It should be noted that rituximab, which appeared as a novel option in both induction and maintenance regimens  [14, 15]  of AAV  [39] , was rarely used in our study. This may be explained by the date range of the study which ended in 2012, whereby rituximab was not able to pass into clinical practice. Given the limited data related to the use of rituximab in patients with severe forms of AAV including patient with DHA, The French Vasculitis Study Group recommended to use cyclophosphamide as a first-line treatment to induce remission  [40].
The PCR products were separated on a 1. 5% agarose gel containing ethidium bromide. The digital images of the resulting gels were analyzed using the GelCompare software. Similarity relationships were calculated with the Pearson correlation coefficient, and cluster analyses were completed with the Pearson coefficient and unweighted pair group method with arithmetic averages (UPGMA)  (Holzel et al. , 2012). The phylogenetic grouping of E. coli isolates was based on the triplex PCR products from 3 DNA markers: group A (chuA -, yjaA + and TSPE4. C2 -), group B1 (chuA -, yjaA +/-and TSPE4. C2 + ), group B2 (chuA + , yjaA + and TSPE4. C2 +/-), group D (chuA + , yjaA -and TSPE4. C2 +/-), and group NT (chuA -, yjaA -and TSPE4. C2 -)  (Clermont et al. , 2000; Gordon et al. , 2008; Holzel et al. , 2012).
A total of 20 data protection professionals were involved in the cyber exercise, which was powered up by a new version of the "EXITO Narrator" tool  (EXITO Narrator Online Repository, 2016) , developed by the JRC. The tool facilitated the proper flow of events and supported the technical dimension of the simulation, including reception of feedback, handling of simulated entities and provision of live simulated websites, social media feeds and email communications. The cyber exercise was coordinated from the European Crisis Management Laboratory at the JRC Ispra site in Italy. During the 8-hour simulation, more than 400 interactions between the participants were recorded. The analysis of the exercise results provides valuable insight into the technical and organizational challenges that these types of incidents present to the European data protection community.
It is important to clearly define the term Pan-European Personal Data Breach in order to solidly set the context and clarify any ambiguities that might emerge from the concerned leg-islation. In this respect, a Pan-European Personal Data Breach involves a breach related to personal data belonging to citizens (data subjects) from more than one EU Member State. This implies that there might exist data controllers located accordingly in more than one EU Member State, although this is not binding (e. g. one data controller might be in charge of data referring to data subjects from different EU Member States). The origin of the attack leading to the data breach or the location of its target is also irrespective for the breach to be classified as Pan-European. The sole criterion for a Personal Data Breach to be classified as Pan-European is for it to have affected citizens, i.
Case study 1 A notable data breach involved personal data including user credentials, bank account and credit card details of almost 1. 5 million customers from a Member State, out of more than 70 million in total. The controller was not a telecom operator and it was established outside the EU territory. The local DPA was informed about the event by the press. The personal data affected by the incident were stored in a server located in a data centre in the US. The data controller notified the incident to the affected customers via a generic email and also through their website about a week after the discovery of the data breach. Also, a series of new technical and organisational security measures were announced, aimed at better protecting the violated systems such as moving the servers to a new location with stronger protection and implementing audit and alert functionalities; cryptographic safeguards were strengthened and a post of Chief Information Security Officer was established.
In particular, the EU-funded project PHAEDRA II (PHAEDRA) (Improving practical and helpful cooperation between Data Protection Authorities II) aims to improve cross-DPA communication with the goals of achieving consistency, exchange of information, and cooperation regarding enforcement actions. The case of Pan-European Personal Data Breaches and the GDPR that we discuss in this paper can evidently be considered within this perspective and as such, the work of PHAEDRA deliverables such as  Galetta and Kloza (2016)  and Dariusz and Anna (  2014 ) is very important  (Galetta et al. , 2016). maps existing cooperation schemes and mechanisms in order to ascertain whether they can be generalised and applied in a wider context. Furthermore, the challenges and recommendations discussed in  (Galetta and Kloza, 2016)  are consistent with our findings, in particular regarding the need for specialized ICT platforms and for supporting translation services.
During this workshop, we performed a group dynamics exercise to kick-start activities and to identify broad areas of interest and challenges concerning pan-European personal data breaches incidents. The aims of the initial workshop were twofold, namely to identify realistic pan-European personal data breach incidents for the forthcoming cyber-exercise and also to provide a preliminary look at the current practices and interactions among the several stakeholders. The aforementioned workshop also served to fulfil the second step of our methodology, i. e. selecting the approach to follow in conducting the cyber-exercise. In the field of IT and network security, cyber-exercises have been extensively used to educate users, as well as to study possible attack and defence strategies in a constrained environment  (Conklin, 2006).
Broadly speaking, cyber-exercises can be classified at three different levels, namely technical, operational and strategic  (ENISA, 2015). At the technical level, information security cyber-exercises deal with incident detection, investigation and mitigation, as well as the exchange of data and information, whereas at the operational level cooperation, coordination, crisis assessment and tactical analysis are the focus. Lastly, at the strategic level, strategic decision-making and high impact management of public interest are concerned. This hierarchy of the scope and functions of cyber-exercises can be seen in Fig. 2. There exist many different types of cyber-exercises for information security (ENISA, 2012b), e. g. capture the flag (DefCon Capture The Flag Archive;  Walden, 2005) , cyber defence exercise  (Conklin, 2006) , full scale functional  (Benzel, 2011; Liljenstam et al.
During the 8-hour simulation, more than 400 interactions between the participants were recorded. Fig. 4  illustrates the number of communications exchanged between participants in relation to the different events of the scenario. It is evident that there are peaks in the number of monitored communications during events of high importance such as the breaking out of the news regarding the personal data breach and the notification by the data controller. The "EXITO Narrator" tool was used by the exercise moderators to control the flow of the exercise and monitor received feedback, as well as by the national moderators to keep track of the execution flow of the cyber exercise and to provide feedback according to the actions and activities of their designated players. Players themselves did not have access to the simulation tool.
Statistical Analysis. Data were assumed to be normally distributed unless evidence to the contrary could be provided by the D'Agostino and Pearson omnibus normality test. Data were statistically analyzed using an unpaired t test, or one-or two-way ANOVA with Sidak's multiple comparisons tests. If the data did not pass normality testing, Mann-Whitney u tests or Kruskal-Wallis tests with Dunn's multiple comparison tests were used. GraphPad Prism 6 software was used for all statistical analyses and production of figures. Means + SEM are plotted for all graphs.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS. We thank members of the  G. S. , M. Z. C. , K. T. ,  D. L. B. , and  L. Greensmith  [ Institute of Neurology, University College London (UCL )] laboratories for productive discussions;  Andrey Y. Abramov ,  J. Barney Bryson ,  Benjamin E. Clarke ,  Steven Middleton ,  Gustavo Pregoni ,  Annina B. Schmid ,  Greg A. Weir , and  Emma R. Wilson  for sharing experimental expertise;  Nathalie Schmieg  for providing the E18. 5 Kidins220 -/-brain; and  Alexander M. Rossor  for critical reading of the manuscript. This work was supported by  Wellcome Trust Sir Henry Wellcome  Postdoctoral Fellowship  103191/A/13/Z  (to J. N. S. ), the  French Muscular Dystrophy Association (AFM-Telethon)  (J. N. S. , M. Z. C. , and K. T. ),  Wellcome Trust   Senior Investigator  Award  107116/Z/15/Z  (to G.
Even though his guidelines for standardization of the pivot shift have significantly improved the grading process, variability in testing remains an issue  [16]. There have been attempts to instrument the pivot shift with varying degrees of success. In a review article published in 2013, 28 in vivo studies and 41 in vitro studies were identified that measured at least one quantitative parameter in the analysis of the pivot shift test  [13]. Twenty-five different parameters were used to quantify the pivot shift. The methods varied greatly between studies and the lack of agreement makes standardization of a methodology difficult. To date, the reproducibility, reliability and accuracy data of these instrumented techniques are unknown. The grading of any manoeuvre during a physical examination is subjective.
The occurrence of the composite cardiac endpoint (secondary efficacy criterion) was compared between the 2 groups of patients by pooling Study 1 and Study 2, as (1) this secondary endpoint was not planned to be investigated when each of the 2 studies was initiated, (2) the collection of data on spontaneous cardiac death, euthanasia for HF, or CHF class worsening was performed identically in the 2 studies, and (3) there is no rationale in studying the occurrence of the composite cardiac endpoint separately in Study 1 and Study 2. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate the time from baseline (i. e, D0) to the occurrence of the composite cardiac endpoint within the first 84 days. The log-rank test was performed to test the difference between survival curves. Dogs that died from a noncardiac death were censored at the date of death.
Baseline Data A total of 387 dogs with DMVD and past or current CHF were initially included in the study. After a final blinded medical review by 2 board-certified clinicians, 21 cases were not included in the statistical analysis due to equivocal echocardiographic, radiographic, or both images. Of the remaining 366 dogs, there were 228 males and 138 females with 186 allocated to the Furosemide group and 180 dogs to the Torasemide group. There were 151 evaluable cases in Study 1 (75 in the Torasemide group and 76 in the Furosemide group) and 215 in Study 2 (105 in the Torasemide group and 110 in the Furosemide group). The median number of dogs recruited per center was 4 (IQR 2-9). Regarding the whole study population, the most commonly recruited breeds were mixed breed (n = 72), Poodle (n = 53), Yorkshire Terrier (n = 49), and Cavalier King Charles Spaniel (n = 46).
Monitoring Data monitoring will include dose and date of the radiotherapy, chemotherapy regimen, relapse status, other eventual second malignancies and gynecological status. For data monitoring and organization of the screening, online software has been adapted from that used for BRCA-mutated patients. Data monitoring will be done by the investigators directly for some patients, and for others (in particular, patients included in the LEA cohort or in the FCCSS cohort), data will be already supplied.
The TI-RAD (Thyroid Imaging-Reporting and Database System) classification will be used. A FNA (Fine-Needle Aspiration) should be realized in cases of TI-RAD 4A, 4B and 5 over 1 cm and in cases of TI-RAD 3 over 2 cm. If a new nodule is detected or if one changes (but not in case of TI-RAD 4A or 5, where a FNA is needed) the next examination should be one year later.
On the available data an estimate of Excess of Relative Risk per unit dose (ERR/Gy) will be calculated. The primary endpoint concerns the participation rate. A total of about 2000 subjects will be screened for breast and/or thyroid cancer. This workforce will reveal the participation rate with an accuracy of around 2%. If the observed participation rate is 70%, the confidence interval around this percentage will go from 68% to 72%. Such precision is not necessary, but the enumeration included will allow to study the predictive factors of participation rate, which are not known, and to have a reasonable precision, even in the analysis of subgroups.
As survival has greatly improved in childhood cancers, detection of therapy-related malignancies has become a priority even if new radiation techniques will lead to better protection for organs at risk. DeNaCaPST is a multicentre study whose aim is to prove that a screening for thyroid and breast cancers is possible at a national level for at-risk survivors. We hope that it will result in a similar follow-up for those at equal risk across the country. It will also provide additional data on secondary thyroid and breast cancers, and reinforce multidisciplinary cooperation.
Continued. The table lists the most prominent global instruments and a wide selection of regional and species-specific instruments, as well as illustrative examples of site-specific and bilateral instruments. All listed instruments are legally binding except the MoUs and SSIs. Source: Data on participation were taken from treaties' websites, Ecolex (www. ecolex. org) and the University of Oregon's International Environmental Agreements Database (http://iea. uoregon. edu).
, 2015). Individuals were gently netted from their home tank, identified by their PIT tag and placed in the experimental tank for a 24 h acclimation period. Data recording began thereafter. As mulloway are reportedly largely nocturnal, the shoals were fed via the automatic feeders four times nightly (1900, 2200, 0100, 0400 h) with rations of 0. 25% of their collective body. Trials were run for three weeks or until 2,000 PIT tag recordings were made for each experimental shoal, whichever occurred sooner. The 2,000 recording limit was chosen to ensure that the on-board memory of the recording apparatus would be sufficient to record all data.
Analysis The number of detections at the entrance to each of the small compartments was used to quantify the number of visits each fish made to each compartment each day. The data were analysed in three main ways. Firstly, we examined the change in global activity levels by examining the number of daily visits to both compartments for every fish over the length of the experiment. We also examined the change in the number of visits to the rewarded and unrewarded compartments separately. Our expectation was that low stress fish would be more active than high stress fish, but high stress fish might gradually habituate to the test area and thereby increase their activity levels. Secondly, we determined if low and high stress fish showed significant differences in the number of detections between the rewarded and unrewarded compartments over time.