dataesr/scientific-paragraphs-categorization huggingface dataset:
Statistical Analyses. Statistical analyses were carried out with PQStat software, version 1. 6. The significance of intergroup differences in sFlt-1 concentrations was verified with Mann-Whitney U test and Kruskal-Wallis test with Dunn's post hoc tests. Direction and power of relationships between serum sFlt-1, maternal age, pH of the umbilical cord blood, and birth weight were estimated based on Spearman's coefficients of rank correlation. Statistical significance of potential predictors of GH, PE, and GDM were verified in univariate and multivariate models of logistic regression. The roles of sFlt-1 and the sFlt-1 to 25(OH)D ratio as predictors of GH and PE were additionally verified on ROC analysis. The results of all the tests were considered significant at p < 0 05 and highly significant at p < 0 01.
6 mm × 25 mm, 15 nm-1. 15 µm particle size). A flow rate of 3 ml/min and a gradient of 0-100% solvent B over 2. 5 min were used. Eluent A was water/0. 1% formic acid while eluent B was ACN/0. 1% formic acid. UV detection was performed at 214 nm. ESI mass spectra were acquired using a solvent flow rate of 200 µl/min. Nitrogen was used for both the nebulizing and drying gas. Data were obtained in a scan mode over the m/z range 100-1000 or 250-1500 in 0. 7 s intervals. Fully folded synthetic ribbon TxIA was characterized using a Synapt G2-S high-definition MS system (Waters, Corp. , Milford, MA, United States) equipped with an ESI source. Chromatographic separation was carried out at a flow rate of 0. 4 ml/min on a Acquity H-Class ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) system (Waters, Corp.
4). In brief, current responses to acetylcholine were measured at room temperature 1-6 days after cRNA injection and recorded at -70 mV using a Turbo Tec 05X Amplifier (NPI Electronic, Tamm, Germany) and Cell Works software. A standard concentration of 100 µM ACh or nicotine was used to activate the αβ combinations and the α7 nAChR, respectively. A fast and reproducible solution exchange (<300 ms) was achieved with a 50-µl funnel-shaped oocyte chamber combined with a fast vertical solution flow fed through a custom-made manifold mounted immediately above the oocyte. Agonist pulses were applied for 2 s at 4-min intervals. Following 1 min of perfusion directly after the agonist application, peptides were applied in a static bath for 3 min. IC 50 values were calculated from a non-linear fit of the Hill equation to the data (Prism version 6.
Structure of Synthesized Ribbon TxIA A 2D NOESY spectrum was acquired with a mixing time of 200 ms at 7 • C and interproton distance constraints were calculated from the relative intensities of NOE cross-peaks. Predictions of φ and ψ backbone angles were performed with TALOS-N  (Shen and Bax, 2013). Distance restraints for the disulfide bonds defined by the regioselective synthesis were used in the structure calculations. The ANNEAL function in CYANA was used to perform 10,000 steps of torsion angle dynamics to generate an initial ensemble of 100 structures from which the 20 structures with the lowest penalty function values were chosen for analysis. Several rounds of structure calculations were performed to resolve distance and angle constraint violations. Using protocols from the RECOORD database  (Nederveen et al.
Molecular Modeling Molecular models of the complexes between the ligand-binding domain of α7 nAChR and conotoxins were prepared by homology modeling and then refined using either molecular dynamics (MD) simulations or the ToxDock method  (Leffler et al. , 2017). The molecular models are provided along the manuscript in Supplementary Material Data Sheet 1. Homology models were constructed using Modeler 9v18  (Sali and Blundell, 1993 ) using three templates: (i) the NMR solution structure of ribbon TxIA (this study); (ii) the α4/α4 interface of the cryo-electron microscopy structure of the human α4β2 nAChR (PDB 6CNK)  (Walsh et al. , 2018) ; and (iii) the crystal structure of the complex between globular conotoxin [A10L]TxIA and the Aplysia californica acetylcholine binding protein (AChBP, PDB 2UZ6)  (Dutertre et al.
Right panel: the mean structure of ribbon TxIA calculated from the ensemble. The structure is shown in ribbon format with disulfide bonds in ball and stick. The N-and C-termini are indicated and the cysteines are labeled. (D) Electrostatic surface of ribbon TxIA (PDB ID 6OTA) highlighting the negatively charged regions (red) corresponding to the C-terminal acid and Asp14, and the positively charged regions (blue) corresponding to the N-terminus and the side chain of Arg5.
The tests confirmed the presence of TBRV. None of the ten other viruses were detected by ELISA tests except GFkV. The vines contaminated by GFkV were excluded from the experiment. In 2011, wood and leaves were tested for a third time to control a putative vineto-vine contamination of TBRV during the experiment as the vector, the nematode Longidorus attenuatus, was detected in the soil of this plot. Some vines were uprooted during the three years. So only the data of vines remaining after the three years of the experiment were analyzed, and if the ELISA tests revealed at least once the presence of TBRV, the vine was considered as contaminated (positive).
A high-speed Phantom Miro Lab 340 camera was positioned outside the seeding chamber normal to the laser sheet and synchronized with the laser such that each frame captured a single laser pulse. A spatial calibration was performed and the time delay between consecutive laser pulses (∆t) was set to 30 µs, a value chosen to capture the movement of oil droplets over a grid with spatial dimensions of 350 µm 2 , enabling the velocity vectors to be computed using a recursive cross-correlation technique. For each measurement condition, the plasma jet was operated for several seconds before data capture to ensure steady-state conditions were achieved. Each dataset comprised of 800 frames that were used to make 400 individual velocity vector maps; in the case of time-averaged measurements, all 400 vector maps were averaged and presented as a single figure.
3. In addition to the gas composition, the gas temperature can also affect the interpretation of the LIF data. To investigate the influence of plasma generation on gas temperature, an Omega FOB100 fiber-optic thermometer was used, the dielectric temperature probe was positioned in the plasma at various points downstream of the jet orifice and the temperature recorded. The temperature was found to vary little with spatial position, with a with previous studies. [8] remainder of the calibration process closely followed that reported previously by Verreycken et al. and will only be summarised in brief here. [21] To obtain Rayleigh scattering data for calibration, the plasma jet was de-energized and supplied with Nitrogen gas at a flow rate of 2 SLM, while not strictly necessary, the nitrogen flow helped to ensure dust from the ambient environment did not enter the measurement region of interest.
Acknowledgments: JLW & MIH would like to acknowledge the support of the  Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council  (Projects  EP/S025790/1 ,  EP/S017623/1 ,  EP/R041849/1 , and  EP/N021347/1 ). RDW would like to acknowledge the support of the NATO AVT-254 plasma flow control group. Keywords: LIF; PIV; plasma; turbulence.
Study design All suspected hypovolaemia patients scheduled for a FC in the PACU were screened, regardless of their risk for AKI. Afterward patients with a RRI ≤ 0. 70 were excluded from the study (please see flow diagram in figure  1 ). The investigators who measured RRI were blinded to the patient characteristics and the change in CO. An intravenous bolus of 500 mL of isotonic saline 0. 9% was then administered within 15 minutes  [7]. The following data were recorded for each patient: age, gender, diabetes, arterial hypertension, arteriosclerosis, chronic heart failure and preoperative serum creatinine (Cr). Intraoperative data that were recorded included the type and length of surgery, type of anaesthesia, volume and type of iv. fluid and amount of intraoperative blood loss. RRI and CO measurements were performed in the PACU before and immediately after FC.
5: no better than chance, no prediction possible; AUC=1. 0: best possible prediction] were calculated and compared using the Hanley-McNeil test. Statistical analysis was carried out using MedCalc Statistical Software, version 12. 6. 1 (MedCalc Software bvba, Ostend, Belgium; 2013). A p-value of less than 0. 05 was considered statistically significant. Ten subjects went on to showed signs of AKI. AKI was more common in nonresponders compared to responders (n=7, 58% vs. n=3, 9%; p=0. 001), but none of the patients suffered permanent kidney injury, or needed dialysis. Using the AKIN classification, 8 patients were classified as AKIN stage 1, and 2 patients were classified as AKIN stage 2. RRI after fluid challenge and ∆RRI detected postoperative AKI with similar mean areas under the ROC curves: 0.
Acknowledgments This work was supported by funds from the  Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique  and the  Université Paris Sud. We thank  Camille Le Guilcher  and  Boris Julien  ( INSERM, Université Paris-Sud, Orsay, France ) for their kind assistance in fibroblast culture and functional analysis and  Marie-Pierre Golinelli  ( CNRS, ICSN, Gif-sur-Yvette, France ) for the careful reading of the manuscript.
Data collection The following information was abstracted from the patient files at the time of the outpatient clinic assessment: age, sex, side of fracture, aetiology, nasal pain, nasal deformity, epistaxis, infra-orbital rim step-off deformity, ecchymosis, infra-orbital hypoesthesia, diplopia, canthal dystopia, epiphora, oedema, and nasal obstruction. CT scans were available for all patients. For the study, the following data were collected based on a review of the CT images using Carestream ® software (Carestream Health, Onex, Toronto, Canada): exact location of the fracture lines, with the bones involved; medial displacement of the impaction; and horizontal distance between the lowest part of the nasomaxillary buttress and the piriform aperture measured on coronal sections through the nasopalatine canal.
Acknowledgements Y. T. thanks  LIMMS UMI 2820  for funding in order to carry out the work at  The University of Tokyo. Electron microscopy was performed at the  Centre Technologique des Microstructures of the University of Lyon (CTMU)  with the help of X. Jaurand and  Dr. C. Anjard. We thank  Y. Takayama  for advices on sample preparation for AFM. We thank  Oxford Instruments KK  and  Dr. K. Ishii  from  Asylum Research group  for obtaining AFM images. A. W. C. gratefully acknowledges a Project Professorship at  IIS , the  University of Tokyo.
Flow cytometry MDA-MB-231 cells were collected via trypsinization and resuspended in PBS. Nuclear isolation medium (NIM)-DAPI solution (Beckman Coulter) was added to the cell suspensions and analyzed by a Gallios flow cytometer (Beckman Coulter) according to previously described methods  [23]. Determination of the main phases of the cell cycle subpopulations (G0/ G1, S, and G2/M), as well as the occurrence of cells experiencing DNA fragmentation (sub-G0/G1; apoptotic subpopulation), was performed as previously described  [23]. The percentage of each cell cycle phase distributions was determined by using Kaluza flow cytometry software (Beckman Coulter). Consistently, twenty thousand cells were measured in each condition.
Propranolol enhances p53 activation in breast cancer cells IHC for total p53 was performed on the diagnostic biopsy and tumor tissue from the radical mastectomy in the late stage breast cancer patient. The p53 indices at the time of diagnostic biopsy and surgical removal were 8 ± 2% (mean ± SEM), and 20 ± 2% (mean ± SEM), respectively [Fig. 3A  and B ]. This equated to an approximately 2. 5-fold increase in p53 protein expression after propranolol treatment (p < 0. 0001). These data were corroborated by immunofluorescent staining of MDA-MB-231 cells for total p53, revealing a marked increase in p<0. 0001    cells were treated with vehicle control, 40 mM propranolol, or mM doxorubicin as a positive control for 6 h. Cells were stained with the apoptotic marker Apopxin Green Indicator (green), the necrotic marker 7-AAD (red), and CytoCalcein Violet (blue) as a nuclear counterstain.
Funding This work was funded by the  Agence Nationale pour la Recherche (ANR)  (grant #  ANR-15-CE12-0003-01  " sRNA-Fit ") and by the  Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale (FRM)  (grant #  DBF20160635724  " Bactéries et champignons face aux antibiotiques et antifongiques "). WL was the recipient of fellowships from the  Chinese scholarship council. PiB was the recipient of fellowships from the  FRM.
The management of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) and potentially resectable liver metastases (LM) requires quick assessment of mutational status and of response to pre-operative systemic therapy. In a prospective phase II trial (NCT01442935), we investigated the clinical validity of circulating tumor cell (CTC) and circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) detection. CRC patients with potentially resectable LM were treated with first-line triplet or doublet chemotherapy combined with targeted therapy. CTC (Cellsearch ® ) and Kirsten RAt Sarcoma (KRAS) ctDNA (droplet digital.
Introduction While most patients diagnosed with metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) have unresectable metastases  [1] , some can benefit from liver surgery after conversion of unresectable disease to resectable disease by chemotherapy and targeted therapy  [1, 2]. In this regard, triplet chemotherapy (FOLFOXIRI) may improve the metastasis resection rate and overall survival (OS)  [3]. The PRODIGE-14 trial (NCT01442935) was a randomized phase II trial intended to compare prospectively the efficacy of first-line triplet (FOLFIRINOX) versus doublet chemotherapy (FOLFOX: fluorouracil, leucovorin and oxaliplatin or FOLFIRI: fluorouracil, leucovorin and irinotecan), combined with a targeted therapy (bevacizumab in RAt Sarcoma (RAS)-mutated tumors, cetuximab in RAS wild-type tumors), in CRC patients diagnosed with potentially resectable liver metastases (LM).
Patients and Treatment The main trial, identified as NCT01442935, and its ancillary study on circulating tumor biomarkers were approved by a French ethics committee (Comité de Protection des Personnes). All subjects gave their informed consent for inclusion before they participated in the study. The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. The patients could accept to participate in the main trial but refuse the ancillary study. The main inclusion criterion was histologically proven CRC with LM ineligible for curative resection at inclusion and without metastatic spread to other sites (except for up to 3 resectable pulmonary metastases). Other inclusion criteria were: having provided informed consent, good performance status (0-1), known exon 2 KRAS mutational status (as determined locally by standard routine technique on tumor tissue; the clinical trial was later amended to account for other KRAS and Neuroblastoma RAt Sarcoma (NRAS) mutations), adequate hematological, kidney, and liver functions, and no prior therapy for LM.
According to the manufacturer's protocol, digital droplet PCR (ddPCR) reactions were prepared using commercially available primers and TaqMan ® probes (Bio-Rad ® ) with 10 ng of cfDNA. ddPCR mastermix solutions (20 µL) were transferred to a DG8 droplet generator cassette (Bio-Rad ® ) with 70 µL of oil. Emulsified PCR reactions were then transferred to a 96-well PCR plate and run on a C1000 thermal cycler (Bio-Rad ® ). Plates were analyzed on a QX-100 droplet reader (Bio-Rad ® ) with the QuantaSoft v1. 7. 4 software. Positivity threshold was defined as per manufacturer's instructions, ensuring 0. 1% sensitivity. Samples with a variant allele frequency <0. 1% were classified as ctDNA-negative. Negative controls were used to minimize the risk of false positive. The assay could detect the G12S, G12R, G12C, G12D, G12A, G12V, and G13D mutations.
Patient Characteristics Between February 2011 and April 2015, 153 patients were enrolled. Patients characteristics are displayed in Table  1. At time of data analysis (01/2017), median follow-up was 37. 2 months (IC95% (34-39); range 0-55. 3 months); 96 patients were referred to surgery after undergoing a blood draw for circulating biomarker analysis, 91 patients (59%) had a R0/R1 LM resection after chemotherapy and targeted therapy, while 65 deaths (42%) had occurred.
Timing varied slightly depending on the type of recipe being prepared, but on average, sessions followed this format: welcome and introduction (10 minutes); introductory (set) activity (10 minutes); recipe preparation and culinary skill development (45 minutes); physical activity break (15 minutes); family communication (15 minutes); goal setting (15 minutes); and take-home message and wrap-up (10 minutes). Guided by MyPlate, recipes were included in the sessions so that each food group was highlighted over the course of the curriculum. The curriculum design is such that there should be a primary program leader with 1-2 assistants and volunteers in an educational setting. Researchers and state extension specialists recruited and trained program leaders. Program leaders were primarily cooperative extension (extension educators, Expanded Food and Nutrition Education Program professionals, paraprofessionals, and 4-H staff).
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The authors would like to thank the youths and adults for volunteering to participate in the different phases of this project. They would also like to express their appreciation to the leaders and organizers at the local community centers and organizations who aided in recruitment and provided space to conduct research, as well as extension staff and graduate students who assisted with recruitment and teaching sessions. This material is based on work that was supported by  Agriculture and Food. Research Initiative  Grant  2012-S66   Franzen-Castle   et al Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior Volume 51 , Number 3S,  2019.
The base plates were allowed to react with the stains for 30 seconds. After that time the TEM grids were blotted and vitrified. Cryo-electron tomography: Imaging was carried out using either the FEI Tecnai F20 microscope operating at 200 keV and equipped with a Tietz 8k x 8k camera (stained base plates), or the FEI Titan Krios microscope operating at 300 keV and equipped with a Gatan K2 Summit 4k x 4k camera and a Volta phase plate (unstained base plate at high magnification). Tilt series were recorded with the SerialEM software package in the -60° to 60° range using 1. 5° step, whereby the total electron-dose did not exceed 46 e -•A - 2. Tomograms were reconstructed from the recorded tilt series using the IMOD package, whereby the gold nanoparticles were used as fiducial markers. (Kremer et al.
The reaction was carried out at room temperature for 2 hours, whereby the sample was constantly shaken with a shaker (45 rpm). Following that time, the base plates were embedded in the ProLong Diamond Antifade Mountant resin (ThermoFisher Scientific, cat. no. P36970), and imaged using Nikon N-SIM microscope. The recorded SRRF data were processed using ImageJ equipped with the Nano-SRRF plugin. 3D-Structured Illumination Microscopy (SIM): Samples used for SIM imaging were prepared following the same protocol as the one applied for SRRF and described above. Briefly -Pcar base plates were obtained by treating mature coccoliths with 3% acetic acid and dialyzing the obtained suspension against deionized water for 72 hours using a membrane with a 1 kDa cut-off point. After that time, the base plates were centrifuged and re-suspended in 1 mL of deionized water containing 0.
02% of sodium azide (acting as a preservant). 100 µL of that suspension was then mixed with 100 µL of 0. 25% (v/v) fluorophore solution in deionised water or in 10 mM Na2CO3, and the obtained mixture was shaken for 12 hours. After that time, 10 µL of the suspension was deposited on a low-background glass slide, fixed with a glass cover slip, and imaged using Nikon N-SIM microscope. Where required, the samples were diluted either 10 times or 100 times prior to imaging in order to provide low background and maximise the signal to noise ratio. The SIM data were reconstructed using the NIS-Elements software equipped with the NIS-A N-SIM Analysis module. Fluorophores used in the study included the poly(allylamine hydrochloride) containing ca. 2% units substituted with fluorescein ('PAH-FL'), and poly(acrylic acid) containing ca.
Acknowledgements: This work was supported by the  University of Edinburgh  and  BBSRC , grant no. BB/M029611/1  to FN. The University of Edinburgh EM facility is funded by the  Wellcome Trust  equipment grant  WT087658  and SULSA. We acknowledge Diamond for access and support of the Cryo-EM facilities at the  UK  national electron bio-imaging centre (eBIC), proposal  EM16989. We thank  Prof. Raz Zarivach  for a critical review of the manuscript.
Pre-amplification of the samples, chip loading and qPCR reactions in nanoliter volumes were performed according to the manufacturer's protocol. A pre-amplification step was applied to all samples for all primer sets except the Zhu16S primer set. Briefly, 13 ng of total DNA were submitted to 14 PCR cycles using the PreAmp Master Mix (Fluidigm) and a mix of primers (50 nM final concentration). Pre-amplified samples were 5-fold diluted after an exonuclease treatment. The diluted pre-amplified samples and the primer sets were loaded in a 96. 96 IFC using an IFC Controller HX (Fluidigm). The Biomark thermal protocol was as follows: a thermal mix step (  50   S1. The relative quantities for each gene was interpolated using a generated standard curve build from serial dilutions with Fluidigm real-time PCR analysis software (v4.
Each pair-end sequence was assembled using Flash software  (Magoc and Salzberg, 2011)  with an overlap of at least 10 bp between the forward and reverse sequences, allowing 10% of mismatch. The lack of contamination was checked with a negative control during the PCR (water was used as the template). The quality of the stitching procedure was controlled using four bacterial samples that are run routinely in the sequencing facility in parallel to the current samples. The resulting sequences were stored in Genbank (Bioproject SRP100061). Sequences longer than 300 bp were checked for chimeras and clusterized at 0. 03 and taxonomically assigned with USEARCH v8. 1. 1861 (Edgar, 2013).
In other words, the decrease observed in the fecal pellets was compared to the decrease observed in the suspension for each ARG. The difference of the percentage of antibiotic-resistant Enterobacteriaceae between the different groups of lactating dams or groups of kits was also tested using the Kruskal-Wallis test, but the multiple testing was performed with the pgirmess package (version 1. 6. 9) in order to obtain a two-tailed p-value since we assume that the percentage of antibiotic-resistant genes decreases. The richness was estimated by the Chao1 estimate using the estimateR function (R package vegan 2. 4-2), which was then analyzed by a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) to detect an impact of the group. The significance of the separation observed on the nMDS plot using the Bray-Curtis dissimilarity was tested using pairwise permutational multivariate analysis of variance with distance matrices on the square-root-transformed abundances of the operational taxonomic units (OTUs) with the adonis function, after confirming the homogeneity of the variance though the betadisper function (R package vegan 2.