dataesr/scientific-paragraphs-categorization huggingface dataset:
Crucial to the dynamics is the fact that the two cavities are coherently driven, which means that the system remains four-dimensional since there is no phase freedom as in active cavities. Interestingly, in a system with positive on-site interaction energy (U > 0), non-localized Shilnikov chaos can be observed for negative tunneling parameter (J < 0), in a bifurcation cascade whose details will be reported elsewhere. Our meanfield dynamical results thus pave the way for studying complex non-equilibrium orbits -including quantum dissipative chaos -in the quantum master equation of the open Bose-Hubbard dimer. This work has been partially funded by the "Investissements d'Avenir" program (Labex NanoSaclay, Grant No. ANR-10-LABX-0035) and the ANR UNIQ DS078.
To estimate growth parameters, the positions of the PAMS was related to the total size of the shell (Ht) using linear regression analysis. Based on the good linear relationship between Ht and the length of the dorsal nacre lobe (DNL), an equation was fitted to the data for each population  (Garcia-March and Marquez-Aliaga, 2007; Garcia-March et al. , 2011; Richardson et al. , 1999; Vicente et al. , 1980). The sizes of the individuals when each growth record was deposited were also calculated. As typically occurs with fan mussels, the calcite layer is incomplete in the anterior part of the shell, especially in adult specimens. For this reason, some of the oldest annual increments may be missing  (Garcia--March et al. , 2011). Given that the calcite width at each annual increment is a function of the number of years over which calcite was deposited  (Garcia-March and Marquez-Aliaga, 2007) , the number of missing records could be obtained by comparing the calcite widths in the 3 or 4 oldest records for all individuals within a population.
Results A remarkable variability in age and growth parameters was observed (Fig. 2 ). The maximum age of empty shells ranged from 6 years in the Embiez lagoon to 38 years in Port-Cros. The maximum shell length measured (Max_Ht) ranged from 44. 7 cm in Freus to 79. 1 cm in Balearia. In the Von-Bertalanffy growth function, parameter K, the speed at which the asymptotic size is reached, varied between 0. 15 in Port-Cros and 0. 37 in Mar Menor Lagoon, while L∞ varied between 39. 5 cm in Olla and 75. 0 cm in Alfacs. The data for each population are presented in Table  1. Multivariate analyses revealed 4 groups within the studied populations with a 95% of similarity (Fig. 3 ): 1) Sheltered Open-sea -SOÀ (Gandulf, Raco, Tabarca, Balearia and Port-Cros); 2) Exposed Open-sea À EOÀ (Olla, Moraira and Freus); 3) Lagoons À LGÀ (Embiez, Diana and Mar Menor), located in coastal marine lagoons; and 4) Alfacs, located in an estuary.
The multivariate analysis was carried out using the PRIMER v. 5 package  (Clarke and Gorley, 2001). The Z-test  (Clogg et al. , 1995)  was used to determine the significance of the differences in the parameters L∞ and K among the groups, applying the Bonferroni correction (?? ¼ 0. 0083). The groups were also compared with the population studied by  Garcia-March et al. (2011)  in Moraira Bay, which was located in the same area as one of the pop-ulations in the present study but at a different depth range (11-13 m depth). The size differences among groups of different ages were tested by applying Tukey's honestly significant differences (HDS) test to the data for size-at-age obtained previously (see 2. 2. Shell processing). The ages compared ranged from 2 years (the first age for which data were available for most individuals) to 11 years (when only SO and EO could be compared).
Acknowledgments This research was partially funded by the  Fundaci� on de la Comunidad Valenciana para el Medio Ambiente  under the project " Estudio del creci-miento del mayor bivalvo del Mediterr�  aneo, la nacra (Pinna nobilis), en las costas de la Comunidad Valenciana" and by the  Prince Albert II of Monaco Foundation  under the project  BF/HEM 15-1662  "The study, protection and possible breeding of pen shell (Pinna nobilis) in the  Boka Kotorska Bay ". Maite V� azquez-Luis was supported by a postdoctoral contract with  Juan de la Cierva-Incorporaci� on  ( IJCI-2016-29329 ) of  Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovaci� on y Universidades. We are grateful to  Ministerio de Agricultura, Alimentaci� on y Medio Ambiente (RMIP-SGM-MAGRAMA)  and the  Conselleria de Infraestructuras, Territorio y Medio Ambiente (CITMA)  ( Generalitat Valenciana ), who gave permission for the collection and sampling of shells.
Droplet images. Nikon SMZ645 Stereo Zoom Microscope and a Canon T3-I Rebel digital camera connected to the microscope were used to capture the droplets. The images were created from a stack of multiple acquisitions of microscopes in a large surface area of the microdevice. The analysis and quantification of the results obtained in the experimental phases were performed using the ImageJ software and R. 2. 4 2D Cell culture. The hiPSC cell line used in this study was generated in our lab from adult male fibroblasts and was previously described  22. Cells were regularly cultured in 6 well plates in E8-Flex medium with Geltrex coating (all Thermo Fischer Scientific). Cells were passaged every 2-3 days using Tryple until the moment of encapsulation and subsequent transfection. All of cells cultures were maintained at 37 °C in a saturated atmosphere of 95% air and 5% CO2.
Data collection procedure Primary and secondary data for this study was collected during a 6-month period between October 2017 and April 2018, mainly from three sources: (1) extensive research on the websites of every coworking space studied; (2) semi-structured interviews with both coworking spaces providers (owners and/or operators) and users; and (3) site visits to some coworking spaces in Perth. In addition, some of our team members spent several days working in some of the coworking spaces to get first-hand experience. As described in the previous section, a total of thirty-four semi-structured interviews were conducted with both providers (10) and users (24) of the thirty coworking spaces studied between October 2017 and April 2018. The interviews were conducted either face-to-face or via Skype with the participants in the coworking spaces they were associated with.
Experimental section Relaxivity and in vitro measurements by MRI Phantom MRI data were acquired in a 12 cm outer diameter birdcage transceiver for imaging in a 20 cm bore Bruker 7T Avance III MRI scanner. For relaxivity determination, samples at varying concentrations in PBS buffer were used. For in vitro measurements, samples were prepared as described below, Fig. 1  Design concept for brush-arm star polymer (BASP) pro-ORCAs. Macromonomers (MMs) featuring a pro-ORCA nitroxide (for MRI) and a prodrug (therapeutic) conjugated through cleavable linkers are copolymerized with a non-cleavable fluorophore-conjugated MM via the brush-first ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) method. The resulting BASP, which carries both the pro-ORCA and prodrug on the same polymer, displays high transverse relaxivity (r 2 ) enabling T 2 -weighted MRI.
Longitudinal (r 1 ) and transverse (r 2 ) relaxivity measurements were acquired using multi-spin multi-echo (MSME) sequences (flip angle = 180°). r 1 ; TE = 12 ms, TR = 300, 350, 400, 450, 500, 600, 800, 1000, 1200, 1500, 3000, 5000, 10 000 ms. r 2 ; TR = 5000 ms, TE = 12, 24, 36, 48, 60, 72, 84,  96, 108, 120, 132, 144, 156, 168, 280, 192, 204, 216, 228, 240,  252, 264, 276, 288, 300, 312, 324, 336, 348, 360 ms. Custom routines written in Matlab (Mathworks, Natick, MA) were used to reconstruct the images and compute relaxation time constants by fitting image intensity data to exponential decay curves. For in vitro measurements, cells (A549, MM. 1S, and KMS11) were plated at 10 000 cells per well in a 96 well plate and incubated overnight. PC2 (17 mg BASP mL -1 , 107 µM DOX) was then added, and cells were incubated for another 2 h.
In vivo MRI in tumor-bearing mice Tumor-bearing NCR-NU mice were generated as described above. MRI and NIRF images were acquired for each animal (n = 3 mice per group) before injections. BASPs were prepared, passed through a sterile 0. 2 µm filter, and administered directly into the tumor via intratumoral injections (50 µL of Polymer Chemistry Paper 70 mg mL -1 BASPs, F, M, or S). Tumor imaging was done at pre-determined time points. In vivo MRI data analysis T 2 -weighted images were inverted before analysis was performed so that high T 2 regions would appear bright. Signal intensities pre-and post-injection were compared using only slices in which tumors and muscle were clearly visible. Using ImageJ software (v. 1. 52i), a region of interest (ROI) around each component was manually drawn.
Acknowledgements We thank the  NIH-NCI  ( 1R01CA220468-01  for J. A. J. , P. P. G. , A. R. , A. J. ), the  NIH  ( U01-NS090451  for A. J. ), and the  National Science Foundation (Graduate Research Fellowship  for H. V. -T. N. ) for support of this research. A. D. acknowledges support from the  Fondation Française pour la Recherche contre le Myélome et les Gammapathies , the  Philippe Foundation , and the  Multiple Myeloma Research Foundation. P. H. acknowledges support from a  Wellcome Trust-MIT  Postdoctoral Fellowship. P. P. G. acknowledges the generous support of the Charles W. and  Jennifer C. Johnson  Clinical Investigator Fund as well as the  Kathryn Fox Samway Foundation. This work was supported in part by the  Koch Institute Support (core)  Grant  P30-CA14051  from the  National Cancer Institute.
Ethics statement According to the French public Health and Bioethical Law by the time of the study period, no ethics committee approval was needed for this observational study on routinely collected PLOS NEGLECTED TROPICAL DISEASES biological material (Article L1121-1 and Article R1121-3). This study used only health care data that are routinely used for clinical purposes and is part of the usual research works of the National Reference Center for Cutaneous Leishmaniasis. The identification of Leishmania species is part of the surveillance and alert missions of the National Reference Center (CNR) of Leishmania. All patients were informed (leaflets, posters in several local languages) that data may be used for research and scientific publications, and that they had a right to refuse. All human data were anonymized.
Sequences alignment and HSP70 and cyt b partial nucleotide sequence analysis The sequences were aligned by using CLUSTALX 2. 1 sofware. Using MEGA software 7. 0 (Penn State University, PA, USA), a phylogenetic tree was then built for each gene. Distances from nucleotide sequences were estimated with the Kimura-2 parameter model  [34] , and trees were built with the maximum likelihood (ML) method and bootstrap resampling was used across 1000 replicates. The database for phylogenetic analyses consisted of HSP70 gene sequences from L. (V. ) lainsoni (GenBank accession number: FN395047; FN395049; LN907839; GU071179; FN395050), L. (V. ) naiffi (FR872767; GU071183; FN395056; KX573968), L. (V. ) guyanensis (FN395052), L. (V. ) braziliensis (FN395043) L. (L. ) donovani (KX061893), L. (L. ) infantum (JX021433), L.
(L. ) tropica (KX061899), L. (V. ) peruviana (EU599089), L. (L. ) amazonensis (EU599090), L. (L. ) major (HF586346), T. cruzi (KC959990). The database for phylogenetic analyses consisted of cyt b gene sequences from L. (V. ) lainsoni (GenBank accession number: LC153271), L. (V. ) naiffi (LC153257), L. (V. ) guyanensis (AB095969), L. (V. ) braziliensis (AB095967), L. (V. ) panamensis (AB095968), L. (L. ) amazonensis (EF579902), T. vivax (KM386446). Lastly, sequence genetic diversity and haplotype diversity were calculated for cyt b and HSP70 genes using DNAsp v. 5. 0  [23].
L. (V. ) naiffi and L. (V. ) lainsoni had distinct clinico-epidemiological features (Table 1) Between 2003 and 2019, thirty patients were included: five with a proven diagnosis of L. (V. ) naiffi and twenty-five of L. (V. ) lainsoni. The median age of the 30 patients at diagnosis was 33,5 years [range 0 to 63] and the sex ratio was 1,5 (18 men/12 women). Most patients were born in Brazil (n = 17, 57%), followed by patients born in French Guiana (n = 5, 17%) and French mainland (n = 5, 17%). Eight of the 30 patients (27%) patients had an outdoor occupational profession, 20% were gold miners, 3% foresters and 3% military. For nine patients (30%), professional data were missing. Concerning L. (V. ) naiffi, none of the five-recorded patients worked as a gold miner. Only one of them belonged to the military and was likely to work in primary forest.
Codon positions included were 1st+2nd+3rd+Noncoding. All positions containing gaps and missing data were eliminated. There were a total of 1242 positions in the final dataset. Evolutionary analyses were conducted in MEGA7  [36]. Dark blue shading represents patients from cluster I; Light blue shading represents patients from cluster II. Red shading indicates patients from cluster III and yellow shading indicates patients from cluster IV. https://doi. org/10. 1371/journal. pntd. 0008380. g003.
conducted an observational, retrospective study across French Guiana. All patients with proven diagnosis of L. (V. ) lainsoni or L. (V. ) naiffi infections between 01/01/2003 and 01/05/ 2019 were included. Data were extracted from the database belonging to the Parasitology Laboratory of the Andree Rosemon Hospital, which is the referral center for diagnosis of CL in French Guiana. The study was conducted in the Cayenne General Hospital and in the health centers for remote areas (Fig 1, S1 checklist).
g. [7] ). Here, the PageRank algorithm, developed by Brin and Page in 1998  [8]  for the WWW information retrieval, became at the mathematical foundation of the Google search engine (see e. g. [9] ). The algorithm constructs the Google matrix G of Markov chain transitions between network nodes and allows to rank billions of web pages of the WWW. The efficient applications of Google matrix analysis to various directed networks have been demonstrated in  [10]. The application of Google matrix approach to the World Trade Network (WTN) was pushed forward in  [11, 12]  using the UN COMTRADE database  [1]  for almost 50 years of world trade. In addition to the PageRank algorithm it was shown that the analysis of the network with the CheiRank algorithm  [13, 14]  for inverted flow links plays for trade equally important role.
Indeed, the PageRank probabilities of nodes are on average proportional to the number of ingoing links characterizing the trade import while the CheiRank probabilities are on average proportional to the number of outgoing links thus characterizing trade export  [11, 12]. Since both export and import are of principal importance for trade this clearly shows the importance of combined PageRank and CheiRank analysis. The new element of Google matrix approach is a democratic treatment of world countries independently of their richness being different from the usual Import and Export ranking. At the same time the contributions of various products are taken to be proportional to their trade volume contribution in the exchange flows. While the UN COMTRADE database contains an enormous amount of information for all UN countries and thousands of products (commodities) it does not contain data on an effective transformation of one product to another one during various economic activities.
The Google matrix analysis of the World Network of Economic Activities (WNEA) constructed from the OECD-WTO trade in value-added database has been reported in  [15]. In a certain sense activities (or sectors) are similar to products in the WTN. However, for the WTN of UN COMTRADE there is exchange between countries but there is no exchange between industries and commodities. In contrast to that in real economy certain products are transferred to each other (e. g. metal and plastic are used for production of cars). Thus the approach developed in the OECD-WTO WNEA (2013) incorporates the transitions between activity sectors thus representing the economic reality of world activities in a more correct manner as discussed in  [15]. Hence, the new important element of the WNEA is the presence of direct interactions between sectors of economic activity.
Recently the REGOMAX analysis of UN COMTRADE data allowed to obtain the influence of petroleum and gas on EU countries  [21]. Thus here we use the REGOMAX approach to obtain the interdependence of sectors of economic activities for world countries from the OECD-WTO TiVA database (WTO data) studied already in  [15]. We note that there is a number of investigations of the world trade network data sets (see e. g. [22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27] ). The main different feature of our approach is the use of Google matrix methods which characterize both import and export flows taking into account the whole transfer chain including the importance of nodes. The analysis of these both import and export directions is rather rare, e. g. , in  [28]  the hubs and authorities of the WTN has been studied but we think that the Google matrix analysis with PageRank, CheiRank and REGOMAX tools characterizes the economy activities in on a more deep and detailed level.
The matrix analysis of financial risk and economy complexity already demonstrated its efficiency for undirected flows  [29, 30, 31]. However, the financial and trade flows are directional and thus we hope that the Google matrix tools used here will find further useful applications for financial flows and economy complexity. The recent studies of directed interbank interactions  [32, 33]  indicate on possible interesting applications of Google matrix analysis to financial bank flows. Table  1 : List of sectors considered by Input/Output matrices from WTO-OECD database, their correspondence to the ISIC UN classification is also given.
WNEA data sets As in  [15]  we use the data available from the OECD-WTO TiVA database released in May 2013 which covers years  1995, 2000, 2005, 2008, 2009. The network contains N c = 58 world countries (57 plus 1 for the Rest Of the World ROW) given in Table  1  in  [15]. It contains the main world countries. We do not reproduce this list here since we concentrate our analysis only on several leading countries with the main emphasis on USA, Russia and China. We use for countries ISO-3166-1 alpha-3 code available at Wikipedia. There are also N s = 37 sectors of economic activities given in Table  1. The sectors are classified according to the International Standard Industrial Classification of All Economic Activities (ISIC) Rev. 3 described at [1] and Wikipedia. We take into account all 37 sectors, noting that the sectors s = 1,.
Sensitivity of EU countries to petroleum products price The WNEA data combined with the REGOMAX approach allow to study the sensitivity of country balance to a specific economy sector. In the recent studies of the WTN from EU COMTRADE database  [21]  such a sensitivity has been determined for 27 EU countries (EU members in 2013) in respect to petroleum price. Here for comparison we show the balance sensitivity of the same 27 EU countries in respect to sector price variation of [C23 PET] sector related to petroleum. The results are presented in Fig. 10  for [C23 PET] sectors of USA, RUS, Norway (NOR) and Saudi Arabia (SAU) in 2008. We see that the most sensitive countries to US, Russian, and Norwegian petroleum is Greece while to Saudian petroleum they are Greece and Spain. Globally, the influence of USA and RUS are comparable while the influences of NOR and SAU are by a factor 2-3 smaller.
Discussion In this work we apply the reduced Google matrix (REGOMAX) analysis to the WNEA data and determine the interdependence of economy activity sectors for several countries with the main accent to USA, Russia, and China. There are similarities and significant differences for interactions of sectors of selected countries. All three countries have strong interdependence between [C01T05 AGR] (agriculture) and [C15T16 FOD] (food products) sectors that is rather natural since all people need agriculture development for food productions, and also between [C10T14 MIN] (mining) and [C23 PET] (petroleum products) sectors that is also very natural. For US economy we note that there are also strong interdependence between Our studies demonstrate that the REGOMAX method allows to find inter-dependencies between economy sectors for selected countries.
Acknowledgments We thank  Hubert Escaith  for useful discussions. This work was supported in part by the  Pogramme Investissements d'Avenir   ANR-11-IDEX-0002-02 , reference  ANR-10-LABX-0037-NEXT  (project  THETRACOM ); it was granted access to the  HPC resources of CALMIP (Toulouse)  under the allocation  2018-P0110. This work was also supported in part by the  Programme Investissements d'Avenir   ANR-15-IDEX-0003 ,  ISITE-BFC  ( GNETWORKS  project) and by  Bourgogne Franche-Comté region  ( APEX  project).
The hospital's local administrative database was used to identify eligible patients. Patients were excluded if they had an estimated glomerular filtration rate of <15 mL/min/1. 73 m 2. The obtained data, together with laboratory data, were sent to the Swedish National Board of Health and Welfare who linked information on comorbidities and outcomes, use of medication, and dates and causes of death from the National Patient Register, the Prescribed Drug Register, and the Cause-of-Death register, respectively. The Patient Register has nationwide coverage on diagnoses at discharge and surgical procedures coded according to the International Classification of Disease. Details of study approvals are contained in the Supplementary material online.
Statistical analysis Baseline characteristics were summarized for each cohort and in groups by according to adjudicated diagnosis. Group-wise comparisons were performed using v 2 , Kruskal-Wallis, or one-way analysis of variance tests as appropriate. We determined the GRACE 2. 0 score for all-cause death, and for all-cause death or type 1 myocardial infarction at 1 year. This score includes age, heart rate, systolic blood pressure, creatinine as continuous variables, with categorical variables for Killip class, cardiac arrest at admission, ST-segment deviation, and elevated cardiac biomarkers (defined here as any hs-cTn concentration above the 99th centile). Where data were missing within the Scottish cohort, this was assumed to be at random, and we applied multiple imputation using chained equations with five imputations of the dataset.
For imputation, we applied Bayesian linear regression models for continuous data (creatinine, heart rate, and systolic blood pressure), multinomial logistic regression for ordinal data (Killip class) and logistic regression for binary data (e. g. cardiac arrest status). We assessed overall GRACE 2. 0 model discrimination by determining the area under the receiver operating curve (AUC) and compared performance in patients with type 1 and type 2 myocardial infarction using the DeLong method. We assessed model calibration both graphically, and by using the Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness of fit test. In addition, we assessed GRACE performance by evaluating previously defined categories of mortality risk (<3% low, > _3 and < _8% intermediate and >8% high risk) using the Kaplan-Meier method. We explored the impact of multiple imputation by performing a sensitivity analysis in which we evaluated the complete dataset only.
These results were similar to the primary analysis and are presented in the Supplementary material online, Table  S1. In post hoc analyses, we also determined performance of the GRACE 2. 0 score for in-hospital death and of hs-cTn alone to predict all-cause death at 1 year. All analyses were performed in R (Version 3. 5. 1) and the code required to calculate the GRACE 2. 0 score is available in Supplementary material online, Appendix S1.