dataesr/scientific-paragraphs-categorization huggingface dataset:
The Patient Assessment of Constipation-Symptoms (PAC-SYM) questionnaire is increasingly being used as a patient-reported outcome measure in clinical trials of constipation. It has internal consistency, test-retest reliability, concurrent validity and is responsive to change over time(1). However, the threshold for reduction in total PAC-SYM score used to define a clinical response has not undergone formal appraisal. We aimed to determine the minimal clinically important difference (MCID) in PAC-SYM score, and the optimum cut-off value for defining responders. Methods: These analyses used Week 4 data from six phase 3/4, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trials of prucalopride in chronic constipation (NCT01147926, NCT01424228, NCT01116206, NCT00485940, NCT00483886, NCT00488137). MCID analyses were performed using anchor-based methods.
1 ence questionnaire DIFF score (how much they suppress high fat food consumption, r=-. 93), energy intake and fat preference questionnaire DIFF score (r=-. 95), and STAI_state (anxiety) and FCQ_state score (food craving, r=-. 91) (all P<. 05) in FD patients. Conclusion: The results suggest that high level cognitive functions rather than autonomic and emotional mechanisms are more likely to operate differently in FD patients. Additional to the somatic symptoms from gastrointestinal tract, abnormal dietary behavior, reduced subjective rating of pleasantness and visual attention to food should be considered as important pathophysiological characteristics in FD patients. Supported by the People Programme of the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme under REA grant agreement no. 607652 (NeuroGUT), the European Union Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under Grant Agreement 607310 (Nudge-it).
Objective: The Patient Assessment of Constipation-Symptoms (PAC-SYM) questionnaire is increasingly being used as a patient-reported outcome measure in clinical trials of constipation. It has internal consistency, test-retest reliability, concurrent validity and is responsive to change over time(1). However, the threshold for reduction in total PAC-SYM score used to define a clinical response has not undergone formal appraisal. We aimed to determine the minimal clinically important difference (MCID) in PAC-SYM score, and the optimum cut-off value for defining responders. Methods: These analyses used Week 4 data from six phase 3/4, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trials of prucalopride in chronic constipation (NCT01147926, NCT01424228, NCT01116206, NCT00485940, NCT00483886, NCT00488137).
A previous systematic review (4) reports a positive signal and calls for further data collection. Our pilot study proposes to leverage the understanding of the microbiota roles in ASD. Our working hypothesis is that ASD patients present abnormalities in diversity and richness that lead to metabolomic abnormalities, eventually impacting the cerebral activity. Material and methods: 15 ASD subjects without intellectual deficit diagnosed by a group of experts in the field of autism ("Asperger" Expert Centers Créteil and Grenoble) and 12 adult healthy controls were included for the microbiota analysis. The faecal samples were collected using an auto-collection kit (microbiome-standards. com SOP05) and the microbiota analysed using PCR amplified bacterial 16S ribosomal DNA (V3-V4 region Miseq, Illumina).
Matériels et Méthodes En juin 2016, une revue systématique des publications de cas cliniques traitant d'extrusions de NaOCl au cours d'un traitement endodontique était effectuée à l'aide du diagramme PRISMA. Les publications retenues devaient être issues d'une revue à comité de lecture et rédigées en anglais. La recherche initiale était effectuée sur la base de données PubMed, puis complétée par une recherche manuelle détaillée.
Characterization of regional and local controls of stream metabolism Regional variables. Six regional variables were selected and obtained from a Virtual Watershed Approach (Table  3 ). Synthetic River Network was delineated using a 10-m digital elevation model (DEM) developed by the National Geographic Institute using the NestStream software  (Álvarez-Cabria et al. 2016 , Benda et al. 2007). Climatic variables, included mean annual catchment precipitation (MAP; mm) and mean annual catchment temperature (MAT; o C), were obtained for the 1980-2006 period from the Integrated System for Rainfall-Runoff Modelling (SIMPA; 1 km × 1 km grid map), except for GER and MAU reaches, that were obtained from the Deutscher Wetterdienst monitoring agency and the Swiss Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology (SwissMetNet), respectively.
Catchment area (Area; ha) was derived from the 10-m DEM. Land use was obtained from the Occupation Information System of Soil in Spain. and the Swiss land use data (www. landusestat. admin. ch), respectively. We quantified the land use as a continuous variable at the catchment scale using the ratio between the percentages of impacted (i. e. agricultural and urban) and reference (i. e. forests, scrubs and grassland) land uses (Impacted:Reference; Tables  1  and 3 ). Three additional climatic and hydrological variables were obtained from different public data bases (AEMET, DeutscherWetterdienst and SwissMetNet) to characterize both sampling periods (summer and fall). Mean air temperature (T30d; o C) and total precipitation (P30d; mm) during the month prior to each field campaign were used as proxies of antecedent climatic conditions.
05. We built partial-least squares regression models (PLS) to identify the potential drivers of GPP and ER rates. The PLS analysis identifies the relationship between independent (X; not transformed regional and local variables described in Table  3 ) and dependent (Y; log-transformed GPP and ER) data matrices through a linear, multivariate model; and produces latent variables (i. e. PLS loadings) representing the combination of X variables that best describe the distribution of observations in 'Y space'  (Eriksson et al. 2006). For each Y-variable, the best PLS model was selected by iteratively removing X-variables with the lowest importance on the projection in order to maximize the goodness of fit (R 2 Y) and the predictive ability (Q 2 Y) of the model. In each case, Q 2 Y was determined by comparing modeled and actual Y observations through an iterative, cross-validation process.
We evaluated the influence of each X-variable by using variable importance on the projection (VIP) scores, calculated as the sum of square of the PLS weights across all components. Variables with high influence on metabolic rates were considered those having VIP > 1, while variables with moderate and low influence were those with 0. 8 < VIP < 1 and VIP < 0. 8, respectively  (Eriksson et al. , 2006). Finally, we illustrate the relationship between GPP and ER and the most influential local and regional drivers (i. e. highest VIP scores obtained in the PLS model) using simple linear regression models. We carried out PLS models in XL-STATS software (XL-STATS 2015. 2. 01, Addinsoft SRAL, Germany). All other statistical tests were performed in R 3. 2. 2 (R Core Team 2015).
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We thank the support of the AIL board throughout the development of the project and all the affiliated institutions for the accessibility of laboratory premises, especially the  Limnology Department of Uppsala University  and the  Department d'Ecologia of the Universitat de Barcelona. We greatly thank all the extended team of participants for their valuable contribution in DOMIPEX project. The authors were supported by the following founding: NC by  Wenner-Gren  foundation stipend (Sweden, 2014(Sweden, -2016) ) and a  Juan de la Cierva grant  ( FJCI-2014-23064 ), EE by a pre-doctoral grant from the  Basque Government  ( 2014-2017 ), AGB by a  Swedish Research Council  grant ( SMAREF 2014-2016 ), PRL by a  Ramón Areces Foundation  Postdoctoral Scholarship AM by the  Univ. of the Basque Country, AMGF and SP by pre-doctoral research grants from the  Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness  (Ref:  BES-2013-065770 , Ref:  BES-2012-059743 , respectively), and RR by the  IMDEA-Water Institute.
Study sample and data collection Each year, a total of 100 individuals were randomly selected in each clinic (i. e. , maximum of 300 patients per clinic) among adult HIV-infected patients (≥18 years) initiated on ART in the participating clinics between January 1, 2010 and December 31, 2012. When the number of patients initiated on ART was <100 for a given year, all patients were selected. Using a standardized questionnaire on HBV screening and management and patients' files, we collected socio-demographic, clinical, and biological data as well as data related to HBV screening practices.
Statistical analyses Quantitative variables were expressed as median and interquartile range (IQR). Qualitative variables were expressed as numbers and percentages. The univariate comparison of medians was performed using Kruskal-Wallis test, and that of frequencies using Chi-square test or Fisher's exact test depending on characteristics. The proportion of patients screened for HBV and the prevalence of HBV were calculated with their corresponding 95% confidence interval (95% CI). We used a univariable and then a multivariable logistic regression model to look for factors associated with HBV screening. Data was processed using the STATA software (StataTM 9. 0 College Station, Texas, USA).
Funding This study was performed within the frame of the  IeDEA Collaboration (International epidemiological DataBase to Evaluate AIDS ), which is funded by the  National Institutes of Health  of the United States: the  Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) , the  National Cancer Institute (NCI) , and the  US National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)  as part of IeDEA grant #  5U01AI069919. The  Swiss National Science Foundation  awarded a research grant to  GW (Ambizione-PROSPER  fellowship  PZ00P3_154730 ).
The interactive whiteboard (IWB) is increasingly used for teaching and learning in the classroom. Nevertheless, the ways that teachers incorporate this tool within their teaching practices remain poorly understood. This paper examines elementary and high school teachers' self-reported practices with the IWB. The conceptual framework centers on teachers' selfreported practices as well as the Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) model, a framework for successful integration of technology into teaching. Data were collected from discussion groups with 30 teachers. Overall, the results show a predominance of technological pedagogical knowledge (TPK) and technological knowledge (TK) regardless of grade level, gender, or years of teaching experience.
Data Collection Data for phase one were collected from November 2013 to June 2014. Given the wide geographic distribution of the teachers in the study, it was decided to hold group discussions, including face-to-face talks (n = 1) and synchronous online discussion groups (n = 7). For the synchronous online discussions, we used the Via eLearning & eMeeting Web conferencing tool (https://www. sviesolutions. com/). Although this type of group discussion has certain advantages, it also comes with some limitations (see Guillemette, M. , Luckerhoff, J. , & Guillemette, F. , 2011, for more information). The advantages included the ability to reach participants located across geographic regions, present documents to all participants simultaneously, and videotape the discussion sessions for later viewing.
Data Treatment and Analysis The data were subjected to content analysis, as described by  Leray (2008) , whereby the verbal reports were organized into meaning units according to defined categories. In this case, a meaning unit corresponds to an idea, generally expressed as either part of a sentence, a complete sentence, or several sentences. Seven categories corresponding to the kinds of knowledge in the TPACK model were considered: technological knowledge (TK), pedagogical knowledge (PK), content knowledge (CK), technological pedagogical knowledge (TPK), technological content knowledge (TCK), pedagogical content knowledge (PCK), and technological, pedagogical, and content knowledge (TPCK). Meaning units were double-coded by two team members, and over 90% inter-rater agreement was obtained on 30% of the overall data.
Lastly, only a few meaning units referred to PK or CK, at 1% each, and no statements referred to PCK. Similar percentages of meaning units were found for high school teachers. In fact, TK accounted for 33% of all meaning units. For example, they referred to creating digital visual support materials or using programs like tébéiciel (a type of program that can be used with the IWB, for example, Activ Inspire and Notebook): "That's how I make links, Internet links. I insert an icon, so I can make another link, a link to a page in my Word documents. In my case, I usually use the same things over and over" (Participant 2high school). Similarly, TPK is referred to 33% of the time, as shown by the following statement: "Well, me, what I tried, was to enlarge the graphics that I make … so it's easy to review things.
We did not elaborate on such a matrix in this work since the condition d 3 = d 1 is non-physical and of less interest, nevertheless it must be stressed that the numerical results in next section with tensor D 2 validate this statement. Numerics. -We show numerical results which illustrate some of the theoretical results. These results have been computed with the Matlab solver developed by Lise-Marie Imbert-Gérard during her PhD  [11]. The code solves the system under the form (1. 12) with the ode23s subroutine of Matlab. This routine is adapted to stiff problems. We use three different dielectric tensors that all have the same limit ε 0 for ν = 0. The three dielectric tensors are defined by three different dissipation tensors. The first one denoted as D 0 corresponds to the exact formula  (1.
4 ). The second one D 1 = 1 0 0 1 corresponds to the linear approximation ε 0 + iνD 1. One can notice that D 1 = I corresponds to the limiting absorption principle that was studied in  [9]. The last D 2 = D * 2 = 1 -2i 2i 5 is a Hermitian and positive matrix as is required on the physical basis (see (1. 6) for example). These three methods satisfy the main hypothesis of Corollary 1 that is (D i ) 11 > 0 for i = 0, 1, 2. In each case, the matrix M ν (x, θ) is constructed and the problem solved numerically in the interval [-5, 5] with arbitrary Cauchy data E ν 2 (5) = 1 and W ν (5) = 0. Notice that the Cauchy data is prescribed on the right boundary inside the non-propagative zone, and is propagated from the right to the left by the Matlab solver. With this, the numerical method naturally captures an exponentially growing term (from the right to the left) which is therefore exponentially decreasing from the left to the right in the propagative region and so models correctly the condition at infinity.
Lise-acknowledge the support of  ANR  under contract  ANR-12-BS01-0006-01. Moreover, this work was carried out within the framework of the  European Fusion Development Agreement  and the  French Research Federation for Fusion Studies. It is supported by the  European Communities  under the contract of Association between Euratom and  CEA. The views and opinions expressed herein do not necessarily reflect those of the  European Commission. Lise-Marie Imbert-Gérard also acknowledges the support of the Applied Mathematical Sciences Program of the U. S. Department of Energy  under contract  DEFG0288ER25053.
Il s'agissait de déterminer la fréquence hospitalière de l'accouchement sur utérus cicatriciel à Pikine, d'évaluer la qualité de la prise en charge anténatale des grossesses sur utérus cicatriciel et de rechercher les facteurs pronostiques de l'issue d'une épreuve utérine. Nous avons procédé à une étude rétrospective à partir de dossiers médicaux et des protocoles opératoires des patientes ayant accouché sur utérus cicatriciel durant la période du 1er Janvier 2010 au 31 Décembre 2011. Ont été analysés les données socio-démographiques, le suivi de la grossesse, les modalités thérapeutiques et le pronostic. Les données étaient saisies et analysées à l'aide du logiciel Microsoft Office Excel 2007 et du logiciel SPSS version 17. 0. La fréquence des accouchements sur utérus cicatriciel était de 9,6%.
Nous avons utilisé pour cela la méthode de l'estimation du maximum de vraisemblance pour mesurer la distance entre les clusters et le critère d'information eJRIEPS 42 juillet 2017 bayésien pour la classification des critères  (Gore, 2000). Après avoir établi les différents groupes à travers les analyses par clusters, nous avons performé une MANOVA pour analyser les différentes statistiques entre les groupes sur les sources de l'IS. La version 23. 0 de SPSS (SPSS Inc, Chicago, IL) a été utilisée pour réaliser ces analyses statistiques. En complément du tableau 2, la figure 2 modélise les différences entre les clusters en utilisant des scores normalisés (z-scores). Grâce à cette modélisation, nous pouvons nommer les trois profils d'élèves en fonction de leurs perceptions différenciées des sources de l'IS.
Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) survey of the ramps A Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) area survey (20 x 20 m) was conducted using a GSSI 200 Mhz antenna at the bottom of the ramps in February 2013 in order to determine whether they extended further west below the excavated ground 61 Benson/gourlay, 1899, p. 258, 378 and pl. XXII (5); perDu, 2010; perDu, 2011. 62 BoraiK, 2010b, p. 70, 72. 63 lauffray, 1971, p. 101, fig. 17. 64 Ibid. , p. 101. 65 traunecKer, 1972, p. 234-235. level. The survey was carried out using traverses spaced at 0. 5 m intervals. The GPR data was processed in Reflex2DQuick and GPR Slice software. All profiles were processed to remove background noise, and a regain function was applied to strengthen the deeper responses to the radar signal. All data was then sliced and resampled to produce a series of timeslices through the site (key plan see figure  23 ).
Primae facie it would seem that we have a sandbar or levee at the location of the tribune during the Middle Kingdom (see table  1 ). This finding has potentially considerable implications for understanding the position of the tribune and its possible date. However, with only a single auger on the east side of the embankment wall and a clear gap in the auger data between this location 82 AS16 was carried out in February 2004 by Morag Hunter (University of Cambridge) and Angus Graham (University College London) as part of the Karnak Land-and Waterscapes Survey directed by Angus Graham and Judith Bunbury (University of Cambridge). The ceramic fragments were studied by Sally-Ann Ashton (Fitzwilliam Museum, University of Cambridge). 83 graHam et al. , 2012, p. 41. and the fifth pylon to the east and the court of the Opet Temple to the south it is difficult to clearly understand what this represents.
Des tests comparatifs 2 à 2 avec correction de Bonferroni, ont permis d'évaluer, le cas échéant, des différences statistiquement significatives entre ces deux groupes. La Version 9. 4 du logiciel SAS (SAS Institute, Cary, Caroline du Nord, États-Unis d'Amérique) a été exploitée pour l'ensemble des analyses. Ces dernières ont fait l'objet, le cas échéant, d'un ajustement en fonction de l'âge et de l'apport énergétique. Une valeur p < 0,01 a été établie comme valeur significative pour les tests statistiques.
Méthodologie de l'étude longitudinale L'étude ECM 2016 a collecté les réponses de 2710 professionnels de la communication actifs dans 43 pays européens. Le questionnaire a été envoyé début mars 2016 à l'adresse courriel de plus de 40. 000 professionnels de la communication au départ de la banque de données de l'EACD et d'autres associations professionnelles. 6902 communicants ont commencé le questionnaire en ligne, 3287 l'ont terminé endéans les cinq semaines, 2710 questionnaires correspondant à la population des professionnels de la communication ont été traités avec le programme SPSS. L'âge moyen des répondants est de 41. 6 ans ; 37. 2% sont responsables de communication ou PDG d'agence de communication, 32% sont responsables d'une unité ou d'une discipline de communication dans une organisation et 6 sur 10 répondants occupent une fonction en communication dans une organisation (dont 13.
Corpus et méthodologie de recherche 7 Afin d'appréhender la circulation du registre de la « ville durable » en regard des contextes de production et d'appropriation, nous avons construit le corpus d'étude à partir de revues anglophones et francophones, accédées soit via leur site (si elles sont en libre accès), soit par le portail BibCNRS du Centre national de la recherche scientifique ( [en ligne] URL : https://bib. cnrs. fr/) et les bases de données Academic Research Premier, SAGE, Taylor and Francis Online et Wiley Online Library. 8 18 revues ont été sélectionnées à partir d'un triple critère. D'abord, elles présentent une certaine spécialisation autour des enjeux urbains et/ou environnementaux ; des revues « généralistes » ont donc été écartées de ce travail. Deuxièmement, nous avons retenu des revues de sciences sociales, positionnées en sociologie, géographie, urbanisme, ou renvoyant explicitement aux urban ou environmental studies.
Ceci a validé la démarche, sans adjoindre d'articles nouveaux. Nous avons ensuite choisi, à partir de la lecture systématique des titres, des mots-clefs (lorsqu'il y en a) et des résumés, 707 articles développant en tant que tels un ou plusieurs aspects de la « ville durable » (c'est-à-dire ne citant pas simplement le terme par incidente, dans un renvoi de note de bas de page ou dans une référence bibliographique). Ils se décomposent en 428 textes anglais et 279 français, analysés séparément, ce qui écarte le risque de surreprésentation d'un corpus par rapport à l'autre. Nous avons recouru au logiciel libre IRaMuTeQ 3 , qui effectue une recension des occurrences tout en tenant compte des proximités entre les termes, et propose des représentations graphiques sous forme de nuages de mots, d'analyses de similitude et de classification hiérarchique descendante (CHD).
Ceci fait émerger des espaces de référence de la durabilité urbaine, à la fois suffisamment spécifiés pour faire sens et en interactions entre eux. Des réseaux de significations sont ainsi identifiés pour aborder les représentations sociales  (Kalampalikis, 2003 ; Marty, 2015). Si différents points de littérature ont été proposés ces dernières années dans la revue [VertigO] -la revue en sciences de l'environnement, aucun n'a adopté cette méthode. Par exemple, certains se sont appuyés sur une analyse bibliométrique statistique -en l'espèce, à partir de la base de données Web of Science -pour interroger le développement du paradigme des « services écosystémiques/environnementaux » selon les disciplines, mais sans approche lexicale ni CHD  (Jeanneaux et al. , 2012). D'autres se sont fondés sur une littérature spécialisée sans outillage quantitatif, à l'exemple de la synthèse de l'évolution de la place du végétal et de la « nature en ville » dans les théories et pratiques d'urbanisme proposée par  Mehdi et al.
RÉSUMÉS Cet article interroge le répertoire de la « ville durable » via une analyse bibliométrique à partir d'un corpus de 18 revues scientifiques, francophones et anglophones. Si parler de « ville durable » est aujourd'hui devenu incontournable, pour les décideurs, les praticiens comme les chercheurs, on se trouve face à une fracture : ce registre est reconnu par les uns pour sa portée pratique, modifiant les façons de « faire la ville », autant que critiqué par d'autres comme un outillage de légitimation et la continuité d'une pensée de la croissance (à l'image du « développement durable »). Peut-on dépasser une telle lecture binaire pour en savoir plus sur cet énoncé protéiforme ? Une analyse statistique et textuelle a été conduite avec le logiciel libre IRaMuTeQ, dégageant des univers de cooccurrence lexicale.