dataesr/scientific-paragraphs-categorization huggingface dataset:
Assess the feasibility of starting a clinical trial network The learned society ECFS communicated the idea of starting a disease specific clinical trial network to all of its members and inquired whether sites in charge of a sizeable numbers of patients were interested in working together in a clinical trial network. Of 139 replies, 127 were positive and 95 centers with more than 100 CF patients under their care were identified. Hereby, feasibility was established. Given the many candidate sites, criteria for site participation and site ranking were set up. These included patient potential, meeting the ECFS standards of care for patients with CF  [11] , having experience with clinical trials, having the available staff and infrastructure, know-how on specific measurement techniques for use in clinical trials, having a detailed CF patient database, agreeing to reserve the patient population for clinical trials run by the network, and demonstrating institutional support for working in this network.
Protocol feasibility assessment The ECFS-CTN has disease-specific knowledge and can help companies develop a relevant feasibility questionnaire. The clinical sites will provide an accurate count of the number of patients meeting specific study eligibility criteria by consulting their patient databases, which will help the company for appropriate site selection. This way, useless and complex administrative questions are left out so that sites are not burdened unnecessarily. Since 2011, the network provides this service that is centralized by the CTN coordinating center and can take place in parallel with the protocol review. This service has been performed for 28 protocols since then. procedures, there will be less variability in results and, therefore, treatment benefit can be evaluated in a more reliable way.
Clinical Guidelines for the Treatment of Acute Bipolar Depression The assessment of suicidal and self-harm risk has priority in BD patients with an acute depressive episode. Next, insight and willingness to adhere to the treatment plan as well as the social support network should be evaluated. Based on this information, a decision whether hospitalization (even involuntary) is mandatory should be made. An overview of the study data this clinical guideline is based on is shown in Table  4. The following stepwise treatment algorithm has been put forward by the task force:   * no wide clinical experience Some agents may put the patient at a higher risk to switch (e. g. , antidepressants or stimulants)  (Pacchiarotti et al. , 2013). In spite of the monotherapy recommendation, it is at the therapist's discretion to add an antimanic agent as a prophylactic measure, since, for most of these agents and contrary to common believes, the data are negative or equivocal for switching.
A multidisciplinary team approach following an organized step-by-step manner with interventions and activities that also extend in the community is often mandatory  (Wagner, 1998). A number of specific clinical variables with research data supporting their usefulness in the decision-making process should be assessed. These include the predominant polarity, and the presence of psychotic features, mixed episodes, and rapid cycling. Other clinical features might be important (e. g. , suicidality); however, there are no hard data to dictate their targeted treatment. More specifically, first consider whether a predominant polarity is present when starting maintenance treatment  (Carvalho et al. , 2015). Then consider the possibility to stage the disorder, having in mind that probably the predominant polarity changes into depressive with the progression of the disease.
To further validate the identity of this signal, we used a host cell free system in which we inoculated mammalian cell medium IMDM with the same number of bacteria as in the BMDMs infection experiments. We also included the laboratory strains of S. aureus including 65. 8T, MW2 and Newman. After 6 hours, we measured the culture supernatant for mouse IL-1β and TNF-α using standard ELISA procedure. It turned out that all different strains of S. aureus exhibited strong signal for both IL-1β and TNF-α in ELISA (Fig. 4C, 4D ). Furthermore, we also found the dose dependency of the cross reactive signals in case of MR4 after serially diluting it in cell free system. This kind of dose dependence]y was observed both for mouse IL-1β and TNF-α (Fig 4E  & 4F ). In contrast, the culture supernatant did not show any cross reactivity with human IL-1β and TNF-α ELISA antibodies (data not shown).
Acknowledgements We thank  Dr. Warren Strober  for sharing NLRP3 deficient mice,  Dr. Vishva M. Dixit  for providing ASC deficient mice,  Dr. Baolin Sun  and  Dr. Feng Shao  for providing MW2 and Newman strains respectively. This work was supported by grants from  Natural Science Foundation of China  ( 31370892 ,  31300712 ,  91429307 ,  31570895 ),  National Key Basic Research Programs  ( 2014CB541905 ,  2015CB554302 ) and  National Major Projects for Science and Technology  ( 2014ZX0801011B-001 ).
A new family Lepidocharontidae with description of Lepidocharon gen. n. , from the Great Barrier Reef, Australia, and redefinition of the Microparasellidae (Isopoda, Asellota) Introduction  Kensley (2001)  stated that 84% of the species are endemic to the Indian Ocean overall, but only 18% of the genera. This level of endemicity is generally true for free-living marine Isopoda, and consistent with that observed in the Great Barrier Reef isopod fauna. Data for coral-reef Asellota are few and at present all Great Barrier Reef Asellota are endemic at species level and genus level with the only apparent endemic genus, Prethura  Kensley, 1982  having been recently reported from Japan  (Shimomura and Naruse 2015). Species-level endemicity is high among marine isopods, but generic endemicity is generally low, so the discovery that the two new species from Great Barrier Reef belong to a new genus is noteworthy.
Lepidocharon priapus Paratypes. 2 ♂♂ (0. 9, 1. 1 mm), 2 ♀♀ (1. 1, 1. 4 mm), Great Barrier Reef, Australia, completely dissected and mounted in polyvinyl lactophenol; 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀, same data as holotype preserved in alcohol; 1 ♂, 1 ♀ mounted on SEM stubs (all MTQ W30933). Etymology. The epithet is derived from the god Priapus (Πρίαπος) of the Greek mythology. He was considered the protector of livestock, fruit plants, gardens and male genitalia. He was famous for his largely phallic character and the specific names is here referring to the extraordinary length of the stylet of male pleopod 2. Description of male. Body length, measured from tip of cephalon to end of pleotelson, from 0. 9 to 1. 3 mm (n=6). Body 7. 0-8. 0 times longer than wide, dorsally flat. Cephalon (Fig. 1A ) longer than wide (length/width ratio: ~1.
Lepidocharon lizardensis Paratypes. 1 ♂ (0. 9 mm), 1 ♀ (1. 2 mm) completely dissected and mounted in polyvinyl lactophenol, same data as holotype (all MTQ W28331). Etymology. The epithet lizardensis is after the type locality, Lizard Island, northern Great Barrier Reef, Queensland. Description of male. Body length measured from tip of cephalon to end of pleotelson 0. 9-1. 1 mm (n = 2). Body dorso-ventrally flattened, stocky, small-sized, about 6. 5 times longer than wide (Figs 9A, 15B). Cephalon as long as wide (length/width ratio: ~1), as large as pereionites, lateral margins sub-parallel; anterior margin not projecting, rostrum absent. Dorsal surface of cephalon, pereionites and pleotelson (except free pleonite) ornamented with dorsal setules, arranged symmetrically and in pairs (Fig. 9A ).
Acknowledgements The authors gratefully acknowledge the  Australian Biological Resources Study  for providing support to NLB for the early part of this study (ABRS grant  2009-30 ). Material from  Lizard Island  was collected under the auspices of the  CReefs  project organized by the  Australian Institute of Marine Science (AIMS). The CReefs Australia Project is generously sponsored by  BHP Billiton  in partnership with The  Great Barrier Reef Foundation , the  Australian Institute of Marine Science and the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation ; CReefs is a field program of the  Census of Marine Life. We thank  Julian Caley  and  Shawn Smith  ( AIMS ) for their excellent organization and field support; NLB thanks  Magdalena M. Błażewicz-Paszkowycz  for her excellent team spirit while collecting at  Lizard Island.
FLEXPART was driven by meteorological data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Global Forecast System (GFS) with a temporal resolution of 3 h (analyses at 00:00, 06:00, 12:00, 18:00 UTC; 3-h forecasts at 03:00, 09:00, 15:00, 21:00 UTC) and 26 pressure levels. Horizontal resolution was 0. 5×0. 5 degrees globally. The emission and atmospheric transport of anthropogenic sources was computed using anthropogenic CO and NO x emissions from the EPA 2005 National Emission Inventory for sources in North America, and EDGAR for sources in Asia. A passive biomass burning CO tracer was calculated using MODIS satellite fire detections and the algorithm of  Stohl et al. (2007) , which uses fire detection data, information on landuse and applies emission factors from  Andreae and Merlet (2001).
The C-ToF-AMS system deployed here employs a long aerosol time-of-flight drift region and a compact-timeof-flight mass spectrometer, which combined has high size-resolution and high sensitivity for individual particle mass spectral signals  (DeCarlo et al. , 2006; Drewnick et al. , 2005). Particles between 100 and 700 nm vacuum aerodynamic diameter are sampled with 100% efficiency through the specific aerodynamic focusing lens used here and the custom pressure-controlled inlet designed for airborne operation  (Bahreini et al. , 2008; Liu et al. , 1995). Details on calibration, data collection and data processing are described elsewhere  (Allan et al. , 2004; Bahreini et al. , 2009b; Middlebrook et al. , 2012). For SENEX, the AMS was operated with low sensitivity, which increased the uncertainty in accuracy to roughly 50%.
Photons are detected and quantified using pulse counting techniques, providing ~5 to 10 part-per-trillion by volume (pptv) precision at 1 Hz data rates. One CL channel is used to measure ambient NO directly, a second channel is equipped with a high-power UV-LED converter to photodissociate ambient NO 2 to NO, and a third channel is equipped with a heated gold catalyst to reduce ambient NO y species to NO. Reagent ozone is added to these sample streams to drive the CL reactions with NO. Ambient O 3 is detected in the fourth channel by adding reagent NO. Instrument performance is routinely evaluated in flight by standard addition calibrations delivered within a few centimeters of the inlet tips. The separate NO and NO 2 sample paths, detectors, and inlet residence times are identical, permitting artifact-free calculation of ambient NO 2 by difference at high time resolution, with no lagging or smoothing relative to NO or to other fast-response measurements aboard the aircraft.
Acknowledgments The  US Weather Research Program within NOAA/OAR Office of Weather  and  Air Quality  supported  S. McKeen  and  R. Ahmadov. We are grateful  M. Dumas  ( NOAA Holling's Scholar ),  D. Hughes , and  A. Jaksich  from  Hendrix College  for their help with the iWAS2 measurements. Participation of ISAF was enabled by  US EPA Science to Achieve Results (STAR) program  grant  83540601. KB, JJL and AN acknowledge support from  NOAA OGP  and  EPA STAR.
Acknowledgments The support of the PHC Polonium 2015 Project No. 33564VE  is greatly acknowledged. Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4. 0 International License (http://creativecommons. org/licenses/by/4. 0/),which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.
Proton-lead and lead-proton data taking during 2013 has allowed LHCb to expand its physics program to heavy ion physics. Results include the first forward measurement of Z production in proton-lead collisions as well as a measurement of the nuclear modification factor and forward-backward production of prompt and displaced J/ψ, ψ(2S) and Υ. Angular particle correlations have also been measured for events of varying charged particle activity. a e-mail:.
Introduction Ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions are used to study the nuclear matter at high temperature and pressure where the formation of the Quark Gluon Plasma (QGP), a state of matter which consists of asymptotically free quarks and gluons, occurs. Open heavy flavours and quarkonia are produced at the early stages of the collision and might interact with the deconfined medium, making them ideal probes of the QGP. It was indeed predicted that in hot nuclear matter, charmonia are suppressed due to color screening of the heavy quarks potential  [1]. Quarkonia can also be suppressed in absence of the QGP formation by Cold Nuclear Matter (CNM) effects. Proton-Nucleus collisions (pA or Ap), which are interesting by themselves, are therefore essential to interpret Nucleus-Nucleus data in order to disentangle QGP effects from CNM effects in those collisions.
The LHCb detector and data taking The LHCb detector is a single arm spectrometer in the forward region. It is fully instrumented in its angular acceptance and covers the pseudo-rapidity range 2 < η < 5. Initially designed for b-physics, the LHCb detector is becoming a general purpose detector by carrying out an extensive heavy-ion program (including pA, AA data taking in the collider mode and a rich fixed target program). More details on the LHCb detector apparatus can be found in  [8, 9]. In 2013, LHCb collected pPb and Pbp data at a center-of-mass (CMS) energy of √ s NN = 5 TeV. In such asymmetric collisions, the nucleonnucleon center-of-mass system is shifted by 0. 47 unit of rapidity in the direction of the proton beam. In the forward (backward) configuration pPb (Pbp), the proton (lead) beam traverses LHCb from the vertex locator to the muon system, respectively.
The LHCb acceptance is 1. 5 < y CMS < 4. 0 in the forward configuration and -5. 0 < y CMS < -2. 5 in the backward configuration, leading to a common rapidy range coverage for both configurations of 2. 5 <| y CMS |< 4. 0. Data collected in the forward configuration amounts to L int = 1. 1 nb -1 while in the backward configuration it amounts to L int = 0. 5 nb -1. 3 J/ψ, ψ(2S ), Υ production in pPb/Pbp and CNM studies J/ψ, ψ(2S) and Υ are studied in the dimuon final state with a dimuon transverse momentum restricted to p T < 14 GeV/c for charmonia and to p T < 15 GeV/c for bottomonia. Prompt J/ψ and ψ(2S) can be disentangled from J/ψ and ψ(2S) coming from b-hadron decays thanks to the excellent vertexing capability of LHCb. The yields of prompt charmonia and charmonia from b-hadron decays are obtained, in each kinematic bin, from a simultaneous fit of the dimuon invariant mass and pseudo-proper time distributions (see Fig.
Summary and prospects for heavy ion studies LHCb sucessfully participated in the pPb data taking in 2013. The production of prompt J/ψ, ψ(2S ), J/ψ and ψ(2S) from b and Υ has been measured in pPb collisions at √ s NN = 5 TeV. J/ψ from b and Υ(1S) are less affected by cold nuclear matter effects than prompt J/ψ which exhibits a stronger suppression. Prompt ψ(2S) seems even more suppressed than prompt J/ψ, especially in the backward region. Models of coherent energy loss with and without nuclear shadowing effects give a good description of the data, except for the production of ψ(2S) in the backward region. The prompt ψ(2S) data suggest that another CNM effect could be at play in the backward region. LHCb also performed the first measurement of Z production in pPb collisions at the LHC and the current analysis with limited statistical precision, will highly benefit from the larger statistics data sample which will be collected during run 2.
Thanks to two-particle correlation analysis, LHCb observed for the first time the ridge in the forward region, in pPb collisions, thus complementing measurement at midrapidity from other experiments. The LHCb dectector will also collect for the first time PbPb data at √ s NN = 5 TeV at the end of 2015. LHCb will thus lead a rich physics program covering heavy flavour physics, electroweak physics, soft QCD physics and Quark Gluon Plasma studies. It is expected to collect L int ≈ 50-80 µb ¯1 at the end of 2015. In addition, LHCb is in the unique position at the LHC to perform fixed target physics. Thanks to its System for Measuring Overlap with Gas (SMOG), initially used as luminosity monitor, noble gases can be injected inside the inner tracker of LHCb. With the proton and lead beams delivered by the LHC, and the various species of gas which can be injected in LHCb, a large number of fixed target configurations can be studied.
LHCb already successfully collected proton-helium, proton-neon, proton-argon, lead-neon data and a lead-argon data taking is foreseen in parallel of the 2015 PbPb data taking. The highest center-of-mass energy which can be achieved in proton-gas collisions is √ s NN = 115 GeV while in lead-gas collision it is √ s NN = 72 GeV. Through its fixed target program, LHCb can bridge the gap from SPS to LHC with a single experiment. LHCb is definitely becoming a truly general purpose detector in the forward region.
Marginal Densities of Reflection Coefficients In this section, we show density estimation results of the marginal parameters Ω k. For the sake of visualization, only the Siegel disk D 1 is considered. Recall that D 1 coincides with the Poincaré disk. The results are partly extracted from the conference paper  [17]. Data used in the experimental tests are radar observations from THALES X-band Radar, recorded during 2014 field trials campaign at Toulouse Blagnac Airport for European FP7 UFO study (Ultra-Fast wind sensOrs for wake-vortex hazards mitigation) (see  [29, 30] ). Data are representative of Turbulent atmosphere monitored by radar. Figure  2  illustrates the density estimation of six coefficients on the Poincaré unit disk under a rainy environment. The densities are individually re-scaled for visualization purposes.
Staphylococcal food poisoning outbreaks are a major cause of foodborne illnesses in Europe and their notifications have been mandatory since 2005. Even though the European regulation on microbiological criteria for food defines a criterion on staphylococcal enterotoxin (SE) only in cheese and dairy products, European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) data reported that various types of food matrices are involved in staphylococcal food poisoning outbreaks. The European Screening Method (ESM) of European Union Reference Laboratory for Coagulase Positive Staphylococci (EURL CPS) was validated in 2011 for SE detection in food matrices and is currently the official method used for screening purposes in Europe. In this context, EURLCPS is annually organizing Inter-Laboratory Proficiency Testing Trials (ILPT) to evaluate the competency of the European countries' National Reference Laboratories (NRLs) to analyse SE content in food matrices.
Proficiency Test Items and NRL Network Participation Epidemiological data were investigated in order to determine the main food matrices, toxin types, and contamination levels involved in SFPOs, as well as the toxin types and the levels of contamination determined  [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] 18]. Thus, the capacity of the NRL network to detect SEs in food was assessed in eight matrices covering five food categories: ready to eat food, meat, milk products, pastry, and fish. SEA, SEC, SED, and SEE, identified in several food poisoning outbreaks in Europe, were selected for sample contamination. In the three ILPTs, a blank and two spiking levels were used (Section 2. 2), each level being applied to the five food categories. Over three years, this ILPT scheme provided a precious additional data set to those formerly obtained during the validation study of ESM using a dialysis concentration step and both Vidas ® SET2 and RIDASCREEN ® SET Total kits  [21, 22].
Stability Study Stability tests were performed after receiving all participants' data in order to cover the entire ILPT analysis period; i. e. , 11, 9, and 8 weeks after sample dispatch for ILPT 2013, 2014, and 2015, respectively. Based on qualitative criteria, SEs were not detected in 100% of the blank samples (data not shown), and SEs were detected in 100% of the contaminated samples, regardless of the assay used (Figure  1 ). Thus, these samples were considered to be stable during each ILPT analysis period for a qualitative determination. the homogeneity study, which were thus considered as assigned values (Table  1 ). 100 for Ridascreen SET Total assay  (2)  where is the test value of the nth replicate and is the mean values obtained in the homogeneity study, which were thus considered as assigned values (Table  2 ).
Conclusions Even though the European regulation on microbiological criteria for food has settled a SE criterion only for cheese and dairy products, EFSA reported that various types of food matrices were involved in SFPOs. In this context, EURL network competency was evaluated for the first time through three ILPTs on a large panel of food matrices likely to be the source of SFPOs. A total of 31 NRLs participated to these ILPTs and analysed eight food matrices spiked with four types of SE (SEA, SEC, SED, and SEE) at different concentrations. Data assessment showed a significant progress of the EURL network proficiency. In fact, the rates of discrepancies identified decreased from 1. 7% (ILPT 2013) to 1. 0% (ILPT 2014), and finally to 0. 0% (ILPT 2015). The ILPT design presented in this work, having included a large panel of matrices tested, different types and concentrations of SE used, together with the homogeneity and stability studies, should be helpful for NRLs and other PT providers when organizing their own ILPTs.
Assessment of Participants' Data Only data obtained by participants using ESM were accepted and assessed. Results obtained by participants were interpreted as "SE not detected" or "SE detected" and compared with the expected results. Accuracy of qualitative results was assessed according to the three following criteria: Specificity: ability to obtain a negative response for a sample known not to contain any analyte Speci f icity " N Ńé xpected ˆ100 (3) where N ´is the number of negative samples and N éxpected is the number of samples expected to be negative. Sensitivity: ability to obtain a positive response for a sample known by the organizer to contain SE: Sensitivity " N Ǹè xpected ˆ100 (4) where N `is the number of negative samples and N èxpected is the number of samples expected to be negative.
[77] ; Tay-Sachs disease (one way of detecting is the insertion of four bases -TATC -in the coding sequence of the HEXA/hexosaminidase A gene  [78] ; among other diseases. More details can be found in Gene Reviews, Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM), Human gene mutation database or in other sites and references previously suggested in this section. Beyond monogenic diseases with complete or incomplete penetrance, some commercial tests are now available to diagnose some multifactorial diseases (cancers, obesity, hypertriglyceridemia, schizophrenia, autism, ADHD, Alzheimer's disease). For some of these disorders, it is important to mention that there are some isolated mutations already described in less common cases that have great effects on the phenotype, therefore triggering an associated pathology, although the predominant framework is the interaction of multiple genetic and environmental factors in the aetiology of the disorder  [68].