dataesr/scientific-paragraphs-categorization huggingface dataset:
Inflorescence en racème multiflore, flexueuse, 31 -45,5 mm , les données d'occurrences du GBIF [https://doi. org/10. 15468/dl. dglah6 et https://doi. org/10. 15468/dl. mbzv2i], ainsi que les bases de données JSTOR Global Plants [https://plants. jstor. org] et HUH [https://kiki. huh. harvard. edu/databases]. Les images des détails des fleurs ont été réalisées au Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle de Paris (service de longueur. Labelle rectangulaire, avec deux bosses latérales plus ou moins papilleuses (Fig. 1B -C, 4) adaxiallement; fruit ovoïde, 3 -4 × 2 mm. B. savaiense Taxonomie Bulbophyllum absconditum J. J. Sm. , Orch. Java: 449. 1905 (Fig. 1D, 2A -B). Lectotypus (désigné parVermeulen, 1993: 126): Indonésie. Java: sine loco, s. d. , Korthals s. n. (L [L0052548] image!). = Bulbophyllum neocaledonicum Schltr.
2. Un enseignement impérialiste Par contre, je ne crois qu'il convienne [sic] de faciliter aux jeunes Comprendre l'enseignement du droit dans les colonies induit de prendre Annamites l'accès à nos facultés de droit. Le goût de la chicane n'est en considération les opportunités extra-coloniales dont se saisissent les étu-que trop développé dans la population indigène ; il ne semble pas diants soutenus ou non par les pouvoirs publics. Ces derniers conservent qu'il y ait lieu de l'encourager. » 76 en effet un rôle central en ce qui concerne l'organisation et les enjeux de 67. Inner Temple Archives: The Inner Temple Admission Database: « Nathan Wright ». 68. Ibid. : « Ananda Mohan Bose ». 69. BL, MSS EUR F 111/281: Curzon Collection -International Administration, part III: Hos-la formation juridique.
Remerciements Nous remercions tous les membres du comité qui ont participé à ce travail : CTAFU:  Marc-Olivier Timsit ,  Lionel Badet ,  Benoît Barrou ,  Georges Karam ,  Eric Alezra ,  Thomas Bessede ,  Jean-Michel Boutin ,  Julien Branchereau ,  Thibaut Culty ,  Guillaume Defortescu ,  Véronique Delaporte ,  Arnaud doerfler ,  Sarah Drouin ,  Francois Gaudez ,  Marc Gigante ,  Francois Kleinclauss ,  Xavier Matillon ,  Clémentine Millet ,  Federico Sallusto ,  Nicolas Terrier ,  Rodolphe Thuret ,  Xavier Tillou ,  Grégory Verhoest.
Dialectologie estonienne et causalité externe Grâce aux travaux d'Andrus Saareste 8 notamment, les dialectologues spécialistes de la région disposent d'une base de données de qualité et à maillage serré à partir de laquelle il leur est possible de chercher à définir des aires dialectales ou encore des centres et des voies de diffusion. Comme le rappellent  Pajusalu et al. (2012) , la division dialectale estonienne a été établie par Saareste 9 sur des critères principalement phonétiques et grammaticaux, tandis que des recherches basées sur des critères lexicaux donnent des résultats fort différents 10. Avec l'approche lexicale, Võru et Tartu, par exemple, culturellement proches, le sont aussi linguistiquement, malgré les différences phonétiques et grammaticales. Ainsi, le réseau dialectal estonien, dans une approche à la Saareste, se divise en deux blocs principaux : Nord et Sud, couronnés d'une aire Nord-Est incluant 8.
2017). Instead of "restitution," for museums as well as for archives, should we not be talking of "sharing" (Jolly 2008)? But let us not delude ourselves: "collaboration" is far from synonymous with strict equality. Asymmetry often slips into projects specifically intended to avoid it: for example, the names of indigenous collaborators are sometimes relegated to a generic mention, appearing only in marginalia or the anonymity of a footnote. More constraining, the very foundations of heritage infrastructure-from preservation law and regulations, to database structure, to the hermeticity of the system to the so-called "under-resourced" languages, 1 and the mysterious labyrinths in the access to materials and funding-make it difficult, or even impossible, to integrate the perspectives and initiatives of native peoples.
204, our translation). When Mbembe states that "the power of digital technology derives from its capacity to detach itself from its original context to become incorporated in a different cultural matrix" (ibid. , p. 204), he obviously has the African continent in mind, but his statement holds true for the Americas as well. And we can only be seduced by this image of non-Western civilizations "already digital before the digital age" (ibid. , p. 204), using the internet as a "portable granary for stockpiles of knowledge"  (ibid. , p. 198). Caution is nevertheless required. Access to the internet and the ability to navigate through it remain complicated in some parts of the world, and making databases "virtually" accessible is certainly not enough to decolonize them. The "virtual," by definition, cannot become real except by ceasing to be virtual, and for that reason very concrete means are called for to "de-virtualize" them.
The three articles that make up part two have in common that they offer examples of repatriation on the institutional level, involving return in digital form either as a condition of collecting in the first place or as an end in itself. These programs often integrate a wide range of actors and sometimes have substantial budgets, especially in the context of ambitious collective projects carried out by museums or universities, and aim at building databases and digital platforms. 13 Continuing from part one, the articles in this second part also highlight the wide variety of ways in which virtually restored items have been reappropriated personally, identity-wise, and politically-that is, in digital form and sometimes also in their potential uses. The dramatic example of the Xetá, described in the article by Edilene Coffaci de Lima, Lilianny Rodriguez Barreto dos Passos, and Rafael Pacheco, represents an extreme case.
Above and beyond access to the objects-whether by direct (and privileged) consultation or remotely, via reproductions-the dialogue initiated between the communities under study and the museum curators or documentalists leads to new considerations of forms of presenting, classifying, and documenting the materials (to say nothing of the question of their conservation and restoration). Nevertheless, the flexibility promised by digital infrastructure turns out to be illusory, with digital technology clamping down on, or even outright preventing, the integration of indigenous perspectives, regardless of the good intentions of the creators of the heritage databases. Breaking free of such constraints, or circumventing or perhaps even countering them, involves using old-fashioned methods. Sometimes we must go back to using paper and pencil, the spirit and the hand of creating, just as we seek support from powerful institutions willing to finance costly and lengthy computer engineering projects, even though the communities targeted are in the minority and far from the public-eye.
The project "Compartir saberes (Share knowledge)" revealed that the decolonization goals of the museum and those of the source communities were at cross-purposes. The museum hoped to open its databases to contributions by descendants of the northwest Amazon communities where the collections originated in order to include native perspectives in the museographic discourse on the collections. On the other hand, the local communities were most interested in gaining access to distant materials. Since the museums were caught up with producing networks of meanings within which collected objects could be conceptualized, the process local communities were invited to participate in was strewn with obstacles, from the "simple" access to the internet network, to efforts to integrate the various connections that defined the objects for them (the communities).
Forced into a hierarchical classification system imposed by the online database, these connections ended in a vision that was the opposite of that of the museum. For the communities, it was a matter not of documenting an object but of understanding "the life of the objects"-that is, their circulation and uses and their multiple recontextualizations involving, for example, the relations to various spatial anchors, whether related to their origin myth, embodiment, production, utilization, preservation, re-utilization, etc. It was a matter of undoing the univocal model used in the museum's online (and offline) classifications: of recognizing the link between an object and different ethnic groups, of integrating multilingualism, of taking into account local group hierarchies and the codification of rights to access knowledge, etc.
But as Scholz and Guzman Ocampo's article reveals, the usual heritage databases have a "birth defect" that leads to a series of exclusions. Any attempts to introduce other logics are rejected by the code's inflexible wall. Against this system, which manyincluding us-would call perverse, there seems to be but one solution. 4. This neologism is mentioned in  Camargo et al. (2020, §31). Though ëwa is commonly translated as rope, string, or cable (Camargo and Tapinkili 2020, p. 82), the term can also refer to the bast of the bark of certain trees in the Lecythidacea family; the bast is particularly strong and can easily be detached in long filaments that are used to make straps. Damien Davy (2007, p. 339) calls it "suspender bark. " The strips are collected by slicing into the bark and bast at the base of a suitable tree across a width of about 15 cm, then peeling it up a bit; this piece serves as a handle for the collector to peel off several meters of long, vertical strands (much like peeling off strips of wallpaper).
Recently, the Heart Failure Collaboratory focused on recommendations for meaningful change and use of actigraphy as an end point in HF clinical trials. We aimed to evaluate randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that have quantified the impact of HF interventions using actigraphy. Methods: Using a scoping review strategy, we evaluated the use of actigraphy in HF RCTs. Studies were identified through electronic searches of Embase, OVID Medline, PubMed, and Cochrane Review. Data on trial characteristics and results were collected.
Sources The scoping review was conducted using a predefined protocol in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) checklist and registered in the Open Science Framework (OSF) databank. 6 Studies published in either English or French were identified through electronic searches of Embase, OVID Medline, PubMed, and Cochrane Review from database inception to July 2020. The search strategy was developed by a librarian experienced in scoping reviews. The full MEDLINE strategy (Supplemental Table  S1 ) was applied to all databases with modifications to search terms as necessary. Further studies were manually identified by carrying out citation searches for studies that cited our included studies, as well as by examining the reference lists.
Outcomes of interest and data extraction Identified studies underwent screening of titles and abstracts, followed by full-text evaluation by 2 reviewers (M. E. and E. O. ) for study inclusion using specific inclusion and exclusion criteria to ensure accuracy and reproducibility. The 2 datasets were combined and any conflict between the reviewers was discussed with a third reviewer (K. A. ) until consensus was reached. If duplicate studies were found within the same data source, either the most recent publication or the most complete publication was selected. to 619 participants. There was significant heterogeneity relating to device type, body placement site, and handling of missing actigraphy data. Duration of monitoring ranged from 48 hours to 12 weeks. None of the studies evaluating pharmacologic therapies (n = 5) demonstrated a significant improvement of actigraphy-based primary end point measurements.
La dur ee de la surveillance variait de 48 heures a 12 semaines. Aucune etude sur l' evaluation de traitements pharmacologiques (n = 5) n'a mis en evidence une am elioration significative des mesures relatives aux crit eres d' evaluation principaux effectu ees a l'aide de l'actigraphie. With the use of standardised data extraction sheets, the following study characteristics were independently extracted: publication year, number of patients, population demographics, LVEF, actigraphy device used and sensor placement, key exposures, actigraphy-related outcome, duration of monitoring, and the units of actigraphy.
Results Our electronic search returned 764 unique records after the removal of duplicate citations (Fig. 1 ). Of these, 161 studies were considered to be potentially relevant based on title and abstract content and proceeded to duplicate fulltext assessment. These studies were further screened for data pertinent to the role of actigraphy in HF trials. ] [10] [11] [12] [13] [14] [15] [16] [17] [18]  Full details of included trials are in Supplemental Table  S2. Screening at clinictrials. gov for pharmacologic therapeutic intervention trials yielded an additional 8 studies  [19] [20] [21] [22] [23] [24]  (recruitment target: n = 10,935) that were identified to be ongoing and relevant (Table  2 ). The years of publication of the completed studies ranged from 2004 to 2020, and all were conducted in high-income countries, including the United States, United Kingdom, and The Netherlands.
Consequently, our findings underscore the ongoing need for appropriate documentation of trial outcomes and statistical aims, especially for the use of actigraphy-based end points, which have a high potential to be selectively analysed. To ensure maximum transparency, future trial designs should guarantee linkage to appropriate clinical trial registries (eg, clinicaltrials. gov) and include appropriate records of prespecified end points with analysis plans to handle missing outcome data, including rationale for the categorisation of continuous outcome data. Future research could also benefit from studies that evaluate what sort of accelerometer data (eg, daily step count, number of moments of nonsedentary activity) correlate best with validated measures of QoL. Finally, RCTs planning the use actigraphy-based end points in HF populations should emphasise protocols that minimise loss to follow-up and maximise wearables adherence.
Name(clinicaltrials. gov Device name Sensor Country of Recruitment Actigraphy- Monitoring Passive or active identifier) (manufacturer) placement origin target Key exposure Exposure class related outcome Outcome priority duration Units of actigraphy outcome METEORIC-HF (phase NR NR USA »270 Omecamtiv mecarbil Myotrope Physical activity Secondary 20 weeks Change in the average Passive III) (NCT03759392) daily activity units measured over a 2-week period from baseline CHIEF-HF (phase III) Fitbit (Fitbit) NR USA »1900 Canagliflozin (100 mg) vs SGTL2 inhibitor Physical activity Secondary 12 weeks Change in total daily step Passive (NCT04252287) placebo count from baseline to week 12 DETERMINE- NR NR USA »400 Farxiga (dapagliflozin) SGTL2 inhibitor Physical activity Secondary 16 weeks Total time spent in light to Passive PRESERVED (phase (accelerometry vigorous physical III) (NCT03877224) in only 100) activity DETERMINE- NR NR USA »300 Farxiga (dapagliflozin) SGLT2 inhibitor Physical activity Secondary 16 weeks Total time spent in light to Passive REDUCED (phase III) (accelerometry vigorous physical (NCT03877237) in only 100) activity VITALITY-HFpEF NR NR Multinational* »100 Vericiguat vs Guanylate cyclase Physical activity Ancillary 24 weeks NR (phase IIb) placebo stimulator (NCT03547583) Passive EMPIRE HF (phase II) NR NR Denmark »190 Empagliflozin vs placebo SGLT2 inhibitor Physical activity Secondary 90 days Daily average Passive (NCT03198585) accelerometer units Pedometer-Based Walking ActiGaph Wrist Denmark »200 Walking intervention vs Walking Physical activity Ancillary 6 months Average daily step count Passive Intervention in Patients (ActiGraph) placebo intervention With Chronic Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction (NCT03041376) OptimEx-Clin AiperMotion 300 Wrist Germany »180 High-intensity exercise or Exercise Physical activity Ancillary 12 months Daily activity Passive (NCT02078947) PfH (Aipermon and moderate continuous GmbH & Co.
Une des réponses possibles à ces risques serait une meilleure prise en compte des utilisateurs par l'incorporation dynamique de la terminologie utilisée (garantie autopoïétique) ou encore l'intégration de facettes normatives inhérentes à des communautés (garantie culturelle). Du reste, ces problèmes connus mais trop largement passés sous silence ont précipité le basculement du Web sémantique vers le Web de données  (Verlaet, 2015 ; Bachimont, 2016) , via notamment le recours aux Linked Open Data, techniques permettant de relier des données et d'assurer un interfaçage avec des bases de données ouvertes. C'est notamment le cas de la plateforme Famille TM développée par l'éditeur de logiciel Perfect Memory et présentée par Lénaïk Leyoudec (sciences de l'information et de la communication, Perfect Memory), laquelle fonctionne comme une archive familiale enrichie et indexée par les particuliers eux-mêmes, que la plateforme relie ensuite à des bases de données patrimoniales, permettant une indexation automatique des documents à l'aide de notices encyclopédiques.
It is not clear therefore what this figure demonstrates: the FADs of nannofossils noted by Arkadiev et al. are not FADs, but only random points on the long ranges of the taxa named. The three species they cite have been recorded as having their FADs far earlier, in M19n, not where they indicate them. The concluding remarks of GEOLOGICA CARPATHICA, 2020, 71, 6, 516-525  Arkadiev et al. (p. 367)  are that "new data from nannofossils from the Feodosiya [Theodosia] section significantly enlarges its characteristics and highlights this section as one of the best in terms of degree of description of details of the Jurassic-Cretaceous boundary". In fact, the limited data presented from Theodosia, and its interpretation, make no difference to earlier published nannofossil biostratigraphy. Arkadiev et al.
Après avoir rappelé les tentatives pionnières de Jaeger et Nuyens sur l'ordre de composition des traités, il présente ensuite les options, et soutient plutôt la position italienne de Lanza/Vegetti (d'une antériorité de HA) que celle de Balme (antériorité de PA). Mais foncièrement l'opposition de deux blocs (HA vs PA-GA) n'est ni convaincante, ni féconde : il est schématique de présenter HA comme une base de données factuelles, et PA-GA comme une enquête étiologique. Le programme en deux temps (décrire/expliquer, cf. HA 491b11 : Μετὰ δὲ τοῦτο τὰς αἰτίας τούτων πειρατέον εὑρεῖν) se déploie dans chaque enquête et chaque oeuvre, et le rapport entre HA et PA-GA (avec ses nombreux passages jumeaux) devrait être systématiquement analysé pour discriminer plus sainement le rôle et la fonction de HA dans l'édifice.
Perspectives thérapeutiques Diverses études précliniques et cliniques relatent l'efficacité de la cyclosporine, de l'AS101, d'anticorps monoclonaux pour neutraliser l'activité de la doxorubicine, de vasoconstricteurs topiques (e. g. épinéphrine), d'antioxydants (e. g. N-acétylcystéine), d'inhibiteurs de la multiplication des cellules du follicules par le calcitriol, de prostaglandines type PGE2 ou encore d'inhibiteurs d'apoptose  [109] [110] [111] [112] [113]. Néanmoins, la transposition à grande échelle chez l'humain n'a pas permis à l'heure actuelle de mettre en évidence une efficacité cliniquement significative. La base de données Clinicaltrials. gov référence 21 études cliniques portant sur le traitement de différentes formes d'alopécies liées aux thérapies anticancéreuses  [114]. Pour l'ACI, les études concernent les casques réfrigérants (n = 13), un médicament botanique (CG428) (n = 1), le bimatoprost (n = 1), le calcitriol (n = 1) et les lumières LED (n = 1).
Il permet à chaque item (image, texte, vidéo, audio, etc. ) d'être autonome avec ses propres métadonnées et d'être ainsi indépendant de tout catalogue monolithique 11  de base de données. Les services permettant d'exploiter la collection, y compris les outils de recherche et de visualisation pour divers types de fichiers, peuvent tous être implémentés en tant que microservices ou widgets individuels, et peuvent être partagés avec d'autres archives utilisant les mêmes normes. Les microservices offrent l'avantage de pouvoir être paramétrés pour fonctionner sur de petits appareils de rapatriement, comme le Raspberry pi 12  , afin que les collections soient accessibles sur des téléphones ou des tablettes. Un catalogue en ligne est accessible pour des utilisateurs d'internet, mais il ne convient pas à une utilisation hors ligne si l'on veut partager les fichiers à partir d'un disque dur.
Le dictionnaire tahitien-français de l'Académie tahitienne La première opération réalisée a consisté à se rapprocher de l'Académie tahitienne afin de convertir son dictionnaire tahitien-français (1999), réalisé initialement avec le logiciel Microsoft Word, en une base de données lexicales. Depuis le début de son travail lexicographique en 1989, l'Académie tahitienne a compilé le contenu des dictionnaires et des lexiques antérieurs, en particulier le dictionnaire de John Davies (1851), en normalisant l'orthographe des entrées du dictionnaire, en traduisant les sources anglaises en français, en enrichissant les articles de commentaires encyclopédiques et d'exemples, puis en complétant le vocabulaire du tahitien par des néologismes (ex. roro uira pour ordinateur, ōvai pour hydrogène, arutaimāreva pour environnement).
La première édition de 1999 du dictionnaire de l'Académie tahitienne, qui a servi de support à l'opération de conversion en base de données, compte 13 880 entrées lexicales, du tahitien vers le français. En revanche, elle ne comporte pas de liste inverse du français vers le tahitien. La version la plus complète de ce dictionnaire était stockée sur un Mac IIfx âgé de plus de vingt ans dont le système de gestion de la base de données était obsolète. L'Académie tahitienne a exporté une copie de ces données dans plusieurs fichiers Microsoft Word. Thieberger a utilisé le service en ligne OxGarage 18  en identifiant les expressions régulières 19  pour convertir ces fichiers sous la forme d'un document unique au format structuré, compatible avec le logiciel lexicographique Toolbox 20  (fig. 1 ). Ce document a ensuite été converti en une base numérique et un logiciel de gestion en mode SaaS 21 permet d'en modifier les contenus.
La base est accessible sur le cloud à partir de tout appareil doté d'un navigateur web, ce qui permet un travail collaboratif avec plusieurs contributeurs, dont des membres référents de l'Académie tahitienne, auxquels est attribué un code d'accès. La base nourrit un site de consultation publique du dictionnaire de l'Académie tahitienne  22. Ce dictionnaire en ligne, mis en service en juin 2017, a reçu plus de 61 000 visiteurs pour 170 000 consultations en 2020 23. La conversion du dictionnaire en base de données a été l'occasion d'ajouter des informations supplémentaires pour les mots tahitiens, en particulier : leur entrée inverse en français, c'est-à-dire le mot français à partir duquel un utilisateur peut trouver la vedette tahitienne de l'article, ce qui permet une recherche du français vers le tahitien ; l'indication du champ sémantique des mots tahitiens (ex.