dataesr/scientific-paragraphs-categorization huggingface dataset:
Chloride database The quantity supplied and the quality of the main groundwater resources in the Ar- resources, http://www. ades. eaufrance. fr/). For most of these wells hydrogeological informations (geographical location, altitude, depth, drilling log, borehole parameters, water inflow points, etc. ) are available through a second public database of drillings (BSS: "Base de données du Sous-Sol", http://infoterre. brgm. fr/). The precise location of water inflows is not described for each well, and it has been considered that the water inflow corresponds to the base of the well. This assumption is valid taking into account the drilling goal which is to stop the well drilling when a sufficient water inflow is found. The network of wells investigated covers the whole Armorican basement and includes more than 1800 drillings with an average depth of approximately 40 m.
Chemical records, such as chloride or nitrate concentrations, are available for each drilling. We first preprocessed the database of 1874 chloride measurements and removed wells that are potentially not representative of natural chloride concentrations. We removed wells close to a potential anthropic pollution source (industrial estate, garbage dump, mill pond. ), and wells with a large variability through time large (standard deviation of chloride concentration higher than 30 %). We also did not consider the wells at a distance less than one kilometer from the current coastline, whose concentration may be directly influenced by current saltwater intrusion. 716 of the 1874 wells have been excluded from the database, i. e. 38 % of the total. The vertical distribution of the chloride concentrations for the remaining values was analyzed by intervals of 10 m from an altitude of 350 m a.
Acknowledgements This work has been supported by the project " Factories of the Future " (grant No. 260073 ,  DynExpert FP7 ), by the  Russian Fund of Fundamental Investigations  (grant No. 13-02-91052 ), by the project  PICS 6102   CNRS/Ural Federal University  and by the  Belarusian Republican Foundation for Fundamental Research  (exchange of scientists grant  2013-2014 ).
The data available for columns of square or rectangular cross sections have increased over recent years but are still limited. This field remains in its developmental stages and more testing and analysis are needed to explore its capabilities, limitations, and design applicability. This study deals with a series of tests on circular and square plain concrete (PC) and reinforced concrete (RC) columns strengthened with carbon fibre reinforced polymer (CFRP) sheets. The total of 60 concrete specimens was tested under axial compression. The data recorded included the compressive stress, axial and radial-strains. The parameters considered are the number of composite layers (1 and 3), the compressive strength of the unconfined concrete (normal-strength 26 MPa, mediumstrength 50 MPa and high-strength 62 MPa) and the cross-section shape (circular and square).
The tensile tests were conducted essentially following the NF EN ISO 527-(1, 2 and 5) recommendations. The tensile specimen configuration is represented in Figure  3a. All of the test coupons were allowed to cure in the laboratory environment for at least 7 days. Prior to testing, aluminium plates were glued to the ends of the coupons to avoid  under displacement control at a rate of 1 mm/min. The longitudinal strains were measured using strain gages at mid-length of the test coupon. The load and strain readings were taken using a data logging system and were stored in a computer (Fig. 3b ). Main mechanical properties obtained from the average values of the tested coupons are summarized below: -Thickness (per ply): 1 mm; -Modulus E frp : 34 GPa; -Tensile strength f frp : 450 MPa; -Ultimate strain ε fu : 14‰.
Test procedure Specimens were loaded under a monotonic uni-axial compression load up to failure. The compressive load was applied at a rate corresponding to 0. 24 MPa/s and was recorded with an automatic data acquisition system. Axial and lateral strains were measured using appreciable extensometer. The instrumentation included one radial linear variable differential transducer (LVDT) placed in the form of a hoop at the mid-height of the specimens. Measurement devices also included three vertical LVDTs to measure the average axial strains. Prior to testing, all CFRP-wrapped specimens were capped with sulfur mortar at both ends. The test setup is shown in Figure  5.
Acknowledgments This work is by the  Spanish MINECO  under grants  FPA2011-22975  and  MULTIDARK CSD2009-00064  ( Consolider-Ingenio 2010 Programme ), by  Prometeo/2009/091  ( Generalitat Valenciana ), and by the  EU ITN UNILHC PITN-GA-2009-237920. R. L. is supported by a  Juan de la Cierva  contract (MINECO). M. T. is supported by the  European Research Council (Erc)  under the  EU   Seventh Framework Programme  (FP7/2007-2013) /  Erc Starting Grant  (agreement n. 278234 -' NewDark ' project). M. L. is supported by  Ministero dell'Istruzione, dell'Università e della Ricerca (MIUR)  through the  PRIN grant  ' Galactic and extragalactic polarized microwave emission ' (contract number  PRIN 2009XZ54H2-002 ). Most of this work was carried out while M. L. was visiting the  Instituto de Física Corpuscular , whose hospitality is kindly acknowledged, supported by the grant  Giovani ricercatori of the University of Ferrara , financed through the funds Fondi 5x1000 Anno 2010 and Fondi Unicredit 2013.
The JCVM Abstract Companion Section 4. 1 has shown an efficient probabilistic way to reflect the type of manipulated data. In a second embodiment of the global approach for type safety, we propose to run together with the JCVM what we call an Abstract Companion. The aim of this JCVM Abstract Companion is to duplicate the behaviour of the In order to implement this companion, one only needs to take care of three different structures: the operand stack, the local variables table and the instance fields. The modification to apply to the JCVM are detailed hereafter. The Abstract Operand Stack. The operand stack is the central element of the JCRE. Indeed it is the data structure where all parameters and returned values of the bytecode instructions are pushed-on and popped-out. Concerning the operand stack, the most straightforward and efficient technique to keep track of the type of the top-of-stack value at any time with a minimal modification of both the JCVM and the applets to be loaded consists in implementing an abstract operand stack where a single bit (0 or 1) reflects the type (integer or reference respectively) of the corresponding data in the operand stack.
7) - Φ = Φ (1) z + κ Φ (1) z 2 +. , (4. 13) with Φ (1) being identified as the expectation value of the operator dual to Φ, i. e. Φ (1) = y + e i n ϕ Q (0) 6 (x)x n ≡ O ⇒ | O | = y + Q (0) 6 (x) xn. (4. 14) Using both Eq. (4. 8) and Eq. (4. 9), together with the relation between y and z described in Eqs. (4. 12), we find κ 1 = 4 κ 9. (4. 15) A similar expansion holds close to the conformal boundary for the gauge field A ϕ , namely A ϕ = L A (0) ϕ + L A (1) ϕ z +. , (4. 16) where, acording to the usual AdS/CFT dictionary, A ϕ is the boundary Maxwell field, A FT ϕ , and A (1) ϕ the current flowing along ϕ, J ϕ. This then implies the identification A FT ϕ = x2 Q (0) 7 , and J ϕ = y + x2 Q (1) 7. (4. 17) We are thus left to find an interpretation for Q (3) 4 (x). Not surprisingly, this will be related to the holographic stress energy tensor, whose extraction from the numerical data we detail below.
Acknowledgments A. Boundary conditions along the axisx = 0: References Acknowledgments It is a pleasure to thank  M. Fisher ,  T. Grover ,  S. Hartnoll ,  K. Jensen ,  S. Sachdev  and  C. H. Yee  for helpful discussions. This work was supported in part by the  National Science Foundation  under Grant No. PHY12-05500  and Grant No. PHY11-25915. J. E. S. 's work is partially supported by the  John Templeton Foundation.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This work has been supported by  INSERM ,  ANR-10-INTB-1503 NTS-Polyplex  and CARDIF grants; SD was supported by the "Ligue contre le cancer". MY was recipient of Syrian government fellowship. We thank  Dr Neil Insdorf  for his kind help in editing the manuscript. We thank  Dr Gregoire Prevost  for providing BIM 46174. We thank  Sylvie Dumont ,  Patricia Bonjour  and  Beatrice Marmey  for their excellent assistance with the immunohistochemistry. We thank  Dr Helene Blons  for checking for EGFR mutations. The authors declare that they have no competing interests SD, MY, ZW, Carried out the experiments AML Carried out genetic experiments NM, analyzed the mouse tissues TT provide the LNM 35 cell line JT, JFF participated in the design of the clinical part of the study DD provided and analyzed the human tissues and participated in the design of the clinical part of the study MA,PF conceived of the study All the authors meet the authorship requirements, and have read and approved the manuscript.
AMD3100 is already used to allow the migration of HSC in the peripheral blood of patients in order to be collected for grafting. Recent data suggest that B-cell progenitors locate near the perivascular niche. CLP locate in the osteoblastic niche. Downstream progenitors migrate through the blood and enter the thymus at the cortico-medullary junction where they constitute early thymic progenitors (ETP). ETP further move inside the cortex and differentiate in several double negative CD4 -CD8 -stages DN1 to DN4. This process depends on the production of CXCL12 by cortical thymic epithelial cells (cTEC). At the DN4 stage, thymocytes downregulate CXCR4, upregulate CCR7 and become CD4 + CD8 + (CD3 + ) cells double positive DP cells. DP thymocytes are attracted by CCL21-producing thymic medullary epithelial cells (mTEC).
Acknowledgements This work was supported by the  Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris  (Grant  07018 ) and the  Agence Nationale de la Recherche  (Grant  2010 JCJC 1104 01 ). C. F. , A. B. , K. B. , and A. D. are membres of the  Laboratory of Excellence in Research on Medication and Innovative Therapeutics , supported by a grant from the  Agence Nationale de la Recherche  ( ANR-10-LABX-33 ) under the program " Investissements d'Avenir "  ANR-11-IDEX-0003-01. A. B. , C. F. are fellowship recipients the  Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale  ( FDT20130928127 ), the  French Ministry and the DIM Biothérapies , respectively. Figures were adapted from Servier Medical Art http://smart. servier. fr/servier-medicalartunderlicence Creative Commons Attribution 3. 0 France http://creativecommons. org/ licenses/by/3.
Acknowledgements D. S. thanks  Janusz Rosiek  for technical support and  Thorsten Feldmann  for discussions. D. B. and F. S. thank respectively  CERN  and the  Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory  for hospitality while this work was in the initial stage. This work was supported by the  EU ITN "Unification  in the LHC Era", contract  PITN-GA-2009-237920  (UNILHC), by  MIUR  under contract  2010 YJ2NYW-010 , by the  DFG cluster of excellence "Origin and Structure of the Universe" , and by the  European Research Council (ERC)  under the  EU   Seventh Framework Programme  (FP7/2007-2013) /  Erc Starting Grant  (agreement n. 278234 - NewDark  project) and the  ERC Advanced Grant project Flavour  (agreement n. 267104).
Abstract We present experimental results on inclusive spectra and mean multiplicities of negatively charged pions produced in inelastic p+p interactions at incident projectile momenta of  20, 31, 40, 80 and 158  GeV/c ( √ s = 6. 3, 7. 7, 8. 8, 12. 3 and 17. 3 GeV, respectively). The measurements were performed using the large acceptance NA61/SHINE hadron spectrometer at the CERN Super Proton Synchrotron. Two-dimensional spectra are determined in terms of rapidity and transverse momentum. Their properties such as the width of rapidity distributions and the inverse slope parameter of transverse mass spectra are extracted and their collision energy dependences are presented. The results on inelastic p+p interactions are compared with the corresponding data on central Pb+Pb collisions measured by the NA49 experiment at the CERN SPS.
Introduction This paper presents experimental results on inclusive spectra and mean multiplicities of negatively charged pions produced in inelastic p+p interactions at 20, 31, 40, 80 and 158 GeV/c. The measurements were performed by the multi-purpose NA61/SHINE -the SPS Heavy Ion and Neutrino Experiment  [1]  -at the CERN Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS). They are part of the NA61/SHINE ion program devoted to the study of the properties of the onset of deconfinement and search for the critical point of strongly interacting matter. Within this program data on p+p, Be+Be and p+Pb collisions were recorded and data on Ar+Ca and Xe+La collisions will be registered within the coming years. The started two dimensional scan in collision energy and size of colliding nuclei is mainly motivated by the observation of the onset of deconfinement  [2, 3]  in central Pb+Pb collisions at about 30A GeV/c by the NA49 experiment at the CERN SPS.
Therefore measurements of π + mesons require their identification by measurements of the energy loss and/or time-of-flight. This identification is not as important for π -mesons because the contamination of negatively charged particles by K -mesons and anti-protons is below 10%  [11] [12] [13]  and can be subtracted reliably. The latter method is used in this paper and it allows to derive π -spectra in the broadest phase-space region in a uniform way. Results obtained using explicit pion identification are planned in future NA61/SHINE publications. The paper is organised as follows. In Sec. 2 the NA61/ SHINE experimental set-up is described. Details on the beam, trigger and event selection are given in Sec. 3. Data reconstruction, simulation and detector performance are described in Sec. 4.
At the atmospheric pressure of 965 mbar the liquid hydrogen density is ρ LH = 0. 07 g/cm 3. The boiling rate in the liquid hydrogen was not monitored during the data taking and thus the liquid hydrogen density is known only approximately. It has however no impact on the results presented in this paper as they are determined from particle yields per selected event and thus they are independent of the target density. Data taking with inserted and removed liquid hydrogen in the LHT was alternated in order to calculate a data-based correction for interactions with the material surrounding the liquid hydrogen. Interactions in the target are selected by the trigger system by an anti-coincidence of the incoming beam protons with a small, 2 cm diameter, scintillation counter (S4) placed on the beam trajectory between the two vertex magnets (see Fig.
Correction for off-target interactions The spectra were derived for events with liquid hydrogen in ( I ) and removed ( R ) from the LHT. The latter data set represents interactions outside the liquid hydrogen (interactions with materials downstream and upstream of the liquid hydrogen). The differential inclusive yield of negatively charged particles per event in interactions of beam protons with the liquid hydrogen inside the LHT (n T [h -]) is calculated as: n T [h -] = 1 1 -ε • n I [h -] -ε • n R [h -] , (1) where: (i) n I [h -] and n R [h -] is the number of tracks in a given bin per event selected for the analysis (see Sec. 5. 2) for the data with the liquid hydrogen inserted and removed, respectively, (ii) ε is the ratio of the interaction probabilities for the removed and inserted target operation.
9 Acknowledgements This work was supported by the  Hungarian Scientific Research Fund  (grants  OTKA 68506  and  71989 ), the  Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education  (grants  667/N-CERN/2010/0 ,  NN 202 48 4339  and  NN 202 23 1837 ), the  National Science Center of Poland  (grant  UMO-2012/04/M/ ST2/00816 ), the  Foundation for Polish Science -MPD program , co-financed by the  European Union  within the  European Regional Development Fund , the  Federal Agency of Education of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation  (grant  RNP 2. 2. 2. 2. 1547 ), the  Russian Academy of Science  and the  Russian Foundation for Basic Research  (grants  08-02-00018 ,  09-02-00664 , and  12-02-91503-CERN ), the  Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan ,  Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research  (grants  18071005 , 19034011, 19740162, 20740160 and 20039012), the  German Research Foundation  (grants  GA 1480/2-1 ,  GA 1480/2-2 ),  Bulgarian National Scientific Fondation  (grant  DDVU 02/19/2010 ),  Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Serbia  (grant  OI171002 ),  Swiss Nationalfonds Foundation  (grant  200020-117913/1 ) and  ETH   Research Grant   TH-01 07-3.
Enrollment and data collection ROUTE aims at enrolling 200 consecutive patients at a rate of approximately 2-3 subjects a month per site (6-10 patients competitively enrolled per site). Patient data must be collected at the time of valve implantation (baseline), intervention, discharge, and 30 days post procedure (i. e. , ≥23 days and <37 days) (Table  1 ). Complication rates are reported according to the Valve Academic Research Consortium-2 (VARC 2) criteria  [21]. Information is entered directly into a secure electronic case report form (eCRF) by physicians or study nurses. Notably, the eCRF was designed to perform automatic checks for plausibility and completeness. Also, all corrections are documented and tracked. Furthermore, 20% of the sites are to be selected at random for monitoring and source data verification after completion of patient documentation.
Statistics The sample size for ROUTE was estimated based on an overall mortality rate of approximately 7. 1% at 30 days in accordance with unpublished data provided by the principal investigators. This rate can be ascertained with a 95% CI of 7. 1 ± 3. 56%. 95% confidence intervals are ±2. 36 and ±3. 02 at 3. 0 and 5. 0% risk respectively while they are ±3. 97 and ±4. 34 at 9. 0 and 11. 0%. Intent-to-treat analysis, defined as all patients enrolled in the registry will be evaluated. Subjects are considered registry participants when they enter the cath lab/hybrid suite. Descriptive data summaries will be used to present and summarize the collected evaluation data. For categorical variables (e. g. gender) frequency distributions will be given. For numeric variables (e. g. patient age) minimum, maximum, mean, median and standard deviation will be calculated.
, 2005) : RNO - 3 = ln atom % 15 NO - 3 ti atom % 15 NO - 3 tf • NO - 3 tf -NO - Introduction Conclusions Figures Back Close Full The modelled calculated nitrification rates were screened for consistency with observed evolutions of nitrate concentrations over the duration of the incubation experiment and with measured nitrate uptake rates. The difference between nitrate uptake and nitrification should be compatible with the change in nitrate concentration over the duration of the experiment, taking into account a 10 % precision (relative SD) on rates and concentrations measurements. When the rates given by the model were incompatible with concentration evolution, it was considered as an outlier and discarded from the dataset. We point out that measuring nitrification rates under conditions of high ambient nitrate is methodologically challenging.
Acknowledgements. Our warm thanks go to the Captain, officers and crew of the  R/V Marion Dufresne  for their support during the KEOPS 2 field work. This research was supported by the  Federal Belgian Science Policy Office (BELSPO) ,  Science for Sustainable Development (SSD) program  (contract  SD/CA/05A );  Flanders Research Foundation  ( FWO grant   G071512N );  VUB Strategic Research Plan. François Fripiat  is a post-doctoral fellow with the  Flanders Research Foundation (FWO, Belgium). Camila Fernandez  was partially funded by Fondap  15 110 027. LF-L received support from the  LIA MORFUN  project. KEOPS-2 project was supported by the  French Research program  of  INSU-CNRS LEFE-CYBER  ("Les enveloppes fluides et l'environnement" -"Cycles biogéochimiques, environnement et ressources"), the  French ANR ("Agence Nationale de la Recherche ",  SIMI-6 program ), the  French CNES  (" Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales")  and the  French Polar Institute IPEV (Institut Polaire Paul-Emile Victor ).
Acknowledgements We thank the  Haute Autorité de Santé (HAS)  and  Institut de Veille Sanitaire (InVS)  for allowing us to use their data. ND and SD are supported by the  Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm)  as researchers. GRED (Groupe de Réflexion sur l'Ethique du Dépistage)  from the  French National Cancer Institute (INCa). Coordinator: Moutel G. Members:  Aiach P (Inserm, Paris, France), Callies I (Institut Pasteur, Paris, France), Darquy S (Inserm, Paris, France), De Montgolfier S (Université Paris-Est Créteil, France), Duchange N (Inserm, Paris, France), Ferrand O (Association des coordonnateurs des dépistages, INCa, France), Jullian O (INCa, France), Leplège A (Université Paris 7 Diderot, France) ,  Orgerie MB  ( CHU Tours, France ),  Papin-Lefebvre F  ( CHU Caen, France ),  Sancho-Garnier H  ( Faculté de Médecine, Montpellier, France ),  Stoppa-Lyonnet D  ( Institut Curie, Paris, France ).
Eye movement recording and analysis Viewing was binocular. Movements of the right eye were monitored with an Eyelink 1k (SR Research, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada) at 1000 Hz sampling rate. At the beginning of a session, the Eyelink was calibrated with the standard nine-point Eyelink procedure. Before each trial, fixation was checked. If the distance between the fixation check and the calibration was greater than 1. 58, a new calibration was initiated. Calibration was also automatically renewed every 50 trials. On-line saccade detection was based on a boundary criterion: Gaze-contingent changes occurred when the eye position crossed one half of the target eccentricity. Eye movement traces were subsequently analyzed offline. Instantaneous velocity and acceleration were computed for each data sample and compared to a threshold (308/s and 80008/s 2 ).
Results Saccade latency and amplitude were normal for visually-guided saccades (Experiment 1a latency: 213 6 25 ms, mean 6 standard deviation, and amplitude: 10. 8 6 0. 668; Experiment 1b latency: 209 6 31 ms, and amplitude: 11. 0 6 0. 558). A single-factor ANOVA revealed no significant effects of target displacement for either latency or amplitude, in either Experiment (Fs , 1). Perceptual performance in the discrimination task was measured by fitting cumulative gaussians to response data. Figure  2  presents individual data and the mean psychometric function, calculated by fitting averaged individual points. Discrimination performance, defined as the slope of the fitted function, was comparable to previous reports (e. g. ,  Deubel et al. , 1996) , with relatively high thresholds (1. 81 6 0.
Relationship between spatiotopic performance and oculomotor plasticity Experiments 1a and 1b confirmed the existence of single-trial modifications in saccade amplitude to compensate for discrepancies between the saccade endpoint and visual target (i. e. , retinal offsets) on previous trials. In both datasets, on a per trial basis, the difference in saccade amplitude between two subsequent trials depended on the retinal offset observed in the first of those trials: If the saccade undershot the target, subsequent amplitude was likely to increase; whereas if the saccade overshot the target, subsequent amplitude was likely to decrease. The present results extent previous reports  (Havermann & Lappe, 2010; Srimal et al. , 2008)  by showing that the correlation was modulated by the perception of the target displacement.