dataesr/scientific-paragraphs-categorization huggingface dataset:
Acknowledgments AK acknowledges support of the  BMBF/VDI  in project Q. Link. X and the  European fund for regional development (EFRE) program Baden-Württemberg. AK and RW acknowledges support of the  Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation ) in project 398628099. KGF and AK acknowledge support of  IQst. The AFM was funded by the  DFG. We thank  Professor Kay Gottschalk  and  Frederike Erb  for their support. VAD thanks the  Russian Foundation for Basic Research  (Grant No. 18-03-00936 ) for financial support.
This data set included both home and hospital births in urban and rural areas, including communities of: Carmarthenshire, Cardiff, Aberystwyth, Port Talbot and Newport as well the South Wales Valleys, a region composed of typically tight-knit villages and some larger towns all based around the mining industry. All participants were heterosexual, married and White-British and many lived in communities characterized by socio-economic disadvantage. In the accounts below we identify participants as MW (midwife) or W (woman) and interview number. Interviews were conducted in participants' homes by a research assistant with a background in midwifery. A semi-structured approach was used with an interview schedule focusing on participants' recollections of childbirth. Written consent was given before the interview commenced and the data were audio-recorded and professionally transcribed.
Acknowledgements We thank the  ACCORD network (Assembler, Coordonner, COmprendre , Rechercher, Débattre en soins primaires) for their reflection and help in the construction of the questionnaire. ACCORD is composed of the National College of GP Instructors (CNGE),  National Federation of Multiprofessional Health Houses (AVECSanté) ,  Research Institute of Health Care Centres (IJFR) ,  URE RETINES (Risque, Epidémiologie, Territoire ,  INformations ,  Education en santé) Université de Nice, National Association of Health Teams in Primary Care (ASALEE), Mission RESPIRE (EHESP)  and the  Midwifery Department ,  EA 7285 ,  Versailles Saint Quentin University group. We thank  Adrien Gantois  as president of the  French national college of midwives (Collège National des Sages-Femmes de France)  and the  French union of midwives (Organisation nationale syndicale des sages-femmes)  for the distribution of the survey, and  Jo Ann Cahn  for editing our English.
Investissements d'Avenir of Laboratoire d'excellence Physique Atomes Lumière Matière (ANR-10-LABX-0039-PALM); CNRS-PICS; UMAMI (ANR-15-CE24-0009); CNRS-MOMENTUM. 17. C. Alves, G. Lambert, V. Malka, M. Hehn, G. Malinowski, M. Hennes, V. Chardonnet, E. Jal, J. Lüning, and B. Vodungbo, "Resonant Faraday effect using high-order harmonics for the investigation of ultrafast demagnetization," Phys. Rev. B 100(14), 144421 (2019). 18. L. Müller, C. Gutt, B. Pfau, S. Schaffert, J. Geilhufe, F. Büttner, J. Mohanty, S. Flewett, R. Treusch, S. Düsterer, H. Redlin, A. Al-Shemmary, M. Hille, A. Kobs, R. Frömter, H. P. Oepen, B. Ziaja, N. Medvedev, S. -K. Son, R. Thiele, R. Santra, B. Vodungbo, J. Lüning, S. Eisebitt, and G. Grübel, "Breakdown of the X-Ray Resonant Magnetic Scattering Signal during Intense Pulses of Extreme Ultraviolet Free-Electron-Laser Radiation," Phys.
Acknowledgements. We thank the technical support of scientific and technical team at FLASH. In particular, the machine operators and coordinators. The authors are grateful for financial support received from the  CNRS-MOMENTUM , the  UMAMI   ANR-15-CE24-0009 , and the  CNRS-PICS programs. Besides, I. R. acknowledges funding from the  Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF)  through project  05K16BCA  ( Femto-THz-X ) and from the  German Research Foundation (DFG)  through  TRR227  ( Ultrafast Spin Dynamics ). This work has also benefited from the  help of Investissements d'Avenir of LabEx PALM  ( ANR-10-LABX-0039-PALM ) through the  XUV10  project. I. R. acknowledges funding from the  Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF)  through project  05K16BCA  ( Femto-THz-X).
Funding. Investissements d'Avenir of Laboratoire d'excellence Physique Atomes Lumière Matière (ANR-10-LABX-0039-PALM); CNRS-PICS; UMAMI (ANR-15-CE24-0009); CNRS-MOMENTUM. 17. C. Alves, G. Lambert, V. Malka, M. Hehn, G. Malinowski, M. Hennes, V. Chardonnet, E. Jal, J. Lüning, and B. Vodungbo, "Resonant Faraday effect using high-order harmonics for the investigation of ultrafast demagnetization," Phys. Rev. B 100(14), 144421 (2019). 18. L. Müller, C. Gutt, B. Pfau, S. Schaffert, J. Geilhufe, F. Büttner, J. Mohanty, S. Flewett, R. Treusch, S. Düsterer, H. Redlin, A. Al-Shemmary, M. Hille, A. Kobs, R. Frömter, H. P. Oepen, B. Ziaja, N. Medvedev, S. -K. Son, R. Thiele, R. Santra, B. Vodungbo, J. Lüning, S. Eisebitt, and G. Grübel, "Breakdown of the X-Ray Resonant Magnetic Scattering Signal during Intense Pulses of Extreme Ultraviolet Free-Electron-Laser Radiation," Phys.
8, 9 In the current context of evolving Medicaid policy at the federal and state level and as states consider strategies to cut Medicaid spending, the question of the association of policy changes with oral health outcomes and disparities remains essential. In this study, we used data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). 10 This is a unique data source in that it is the only national survey in the US that contains detailed clinical dental examination data, allowing the examination of clinical dental outcomes, rather than just patient-reported dental outcomes, which are often confounded by access to care. To our knowledge, there have been no studies evaluating the association of the ACA expansion with unmet dental need outcomes using clinical measures. A 2020 study  11  using self-reported data from the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey 2 years after the expansion found that the ACA was associated with improved access to dental treatments.
Data We analyzed data from the NHANES that is conducted annually by the National Center for Health Statistics. 10  The NHANES used a stratified, multistage probability-sampling design and included a nationally representative sample of the noninstitutionalized population of the US. The survey included information about participants' demographic characteristics, insurance coverage status, and health conditions, as well as clinical examination data. The oral health component comprised household interviews followed by dental examination conducted by trained dentists at a mobile examination center. 12  Clinical measures included number of missing teeth and the presence of untreated decayed teeth, filled teeth, and functional dentition; these were expressed for the population as mean number of missing teeth and prevalence of untreated decayed teeth, filled teeth, and functional dentition.
We first examined yearly trends visually, then conducted a placebo expansion test to examine whether trends in expansion and nonexpansion states differed in the preexpansion period. For the placebo test, we used a placebo difference-in-differences model and estimated equation 1 but using NHANES data from 2009 to 2013 and year 2012 as the ACA placebo implementation year. Because the NHANES is a 2-year cycle survey, we used year 2012 rather than 2013 as the placebo expansion year so that we had 2 years after the placebo ACA implementation to ensure that we had adequate power to detect changes. Y ist =β We used NHANES survey weights to account for the complex survey design.
Acknowledgments This work has benefited from the financial support of the  LabeX LaSIPS  ( ANR-10-LABX-0040-LaSIPS ) managed by the  French National Research Agency  under the " Investissements d'avenir" program n •   ANR-11-IDEX-0003-02 , and n •  ANR-10-EQPX-37 MATMECA.
All but one of the dietary formulations used for maintenance were from a single manufacturer (Royal Canin) that provided all data required to calculate ME. The one remaining diet was a 'wet' formulation from a different manufacturer (Felix, Purina), fed in combination to one cat alongside 'dry' food; for this diet, ME content was calculated utilising the typical analysis (e. g. , protein, fat, fibre, ash and moisture content) reported in the label information (under EU regulations). These figures were also used to calculate NFE, by subtracting all values from 100. A different stepwise predictive equation was used utilising information on protein fat, NFE, moisture and crude fibre  (National Research Council, 2006).
Data handling and statistical analyses Complete datasets were available for all variables, with the exception of body composition data for two cats as explained above (S1 Dataset). Data are expressed as mean AE standard deviation when normally distributed and as median (interquartile range, IQR) when not normally distributed. ME intake is expressed as both kJ and kcal per kg 0. 67 of ideal bodyweight (IBW), while weight loss is expressed as a percentage of SBW. To calculate the mean daily ME intake during the weight reduction period, the total ME intake for the period was divided by its duration. Statistical analyses were performed with a computer software package (JMP version 14. 3. 0, SAS Institute), with the level of significance set at P < 0. 05 for two-sided analyses. All datasets were first tested for normality using the Shapiro-Wilk test and either parametric or non-parametric tests then used as appropriate.
Data collection This study focuses on three collectives of farmers, one in the Aquitaine region of France, and two in the Italian region of Veneto. We acted as participant observers during different phases of maize cultivation, including harvest, selection in the field and at the farm, storage for conservation, and seed preparation. We also attended several meetings and special events. Additionally, we conducted semi-structured interviews using a questionnaire that we developed with the support of farmers and technicians who had been leading the maize project in Aquitaine and Veneto regions since the beginning. They provided crucial help in identifying and formulating the questions. In most cases, the questionnaire was used as a guide in conducting personal interviews with the farmers. During farmer gatherings and meetings, we collected information about the history of the groups and their organization and functioning.
We thus had 29 replies in total from this group (60. 4%). In Italy, we approached 17 farmers belonging to the Marano maize consortium (named after the recovered Marano landraces around which it is organized), and 11 belonging to the Sponcio maize consortium (named after the recovered Sponcio landrace around which it is organized). We met 10 farmers in person, while 8 filled out the questionnaire online, for a total of 18 replies (64. 2%). Our comparative analysis also included interviews with technicians, breeders, and historians involved with the collectives, as well as archival research conducted at the La Vigna International Historical Library in Vicenza, Italy. Moreover, the data obtained from this 2017-2018 survey are completed by some previous interviews about the origin of the Aquitaine and Veneto groups conducted since 2013.
Acknowledgements This research was funded by the  European Union 's  Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation programme  under grant agreement No  633571 ,  DIVERSIFOOD  project , (Embedding crop diversity and networking for local high quality food systems ) for the period 2015-2019. The authors are grateful to all DIVERSIFOOD partners, especially the group 'From on-farm conservation to Community biodiversity management'. We thank  Dr. Laurent Hazard  for his support and guidance and  Dr. Mathieu Thomas  for the helpful discussions. We especially thank the AgroBio Périgord association as well as the Marano and Sponcio consortia for their participation in this study.
(b) Second-order autocorrelation function g 2 (τ ) measured on a defect belonging to family SD-1. At zero-delay, the curve displays a strong antibunching below the single-emitter threshold : g (2) (0) < 0. 5. There is no background correction. Data are fitted (solid line) with a two-level model  [23]. (c) PL spectra recorded on seven different individual single-photon emitters. The bottom spectrum is associated with the G-center in silicon, recently isolated at single scale  [18]. Spectra SD-1 to SD-6 correspond to six new families of single emitters randomly distributed over the sample. (d) Histogram of the number of defects per family. con. Besides individual G-centers investigated in a previous study  [18] , we identify six new families of single emitters that we label from SD-1 to SD-6.
Conclusions Using the large data sample it has recorded, the LHCb collaboration studied various -hadron properties. Particularly, the relative production fractions of 0 , 0 and -hadrons are measured. Investigation of the data sample has also led to the first observation of the Cabibbo-suppressed + → + decay and the first-time measurement of the normalised differential decay rate of the 0 → * -+ decay. Measuring these properties provides important input for further measurements and theory predictions. The relative production fractions are required to extract absolute branching fractions. Experimental determination of form factors is a necessary input to predict relative branching fractions used in lepton universality tests. Furthermore, predictions by (perturbative) QCD can be explicitly tested.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS NdS thanks  Anne Meyer  for providing angular distributions and α-particle partial widths in case of Q = 8 for the 13 C( 7 Li,t) 17 O study. NdS also thanks  Sarah Harrouz  for making available material concerning her 30 Si( 3 He,d) 31 P analysis prior to publication. FH and NdS thank  D. Beaumel  for a careful reading of the manuscript and stimulating discussions.
Mechanical and electromechanical characterization methods A 1906 Multimeter Computing from Aim-TTI (Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom) was used to measure the electrical resistance of sensor yarns batches. These measurements were made with gripwire clamps directly on the connectors (copper multifilament) of the sensor yarn. R0 is the initial electrical resistance measured 24 h after the production. All the results presented in the present work were produced following this method. A Criterion Model 43 MTS (Eden Prairie, Minnesota, USA) bench has been used to perform tensile tests. The bench is controlled by the MTSElite software, which allows to set up testing and data acquisition. The frequency of data acquisition was set to 100 Hz for all trials. A USB-6003 from National InstrumentsTM (Austin, Texas, USA) acquisition system was used to measure and record electrical data for electro-mechanical testing.
This system is controlled by the DAQExpress software. However, this acquisition system is not able to directly measure the electrical resistance variations of the sensor yarn. Then, a voltage divider bridge has been set up to continuously measure the voltage at the sensor terminals. The complete electrical data acquisition system includes the in/out acquisition system and associated software, a resistance box, and a trigger. The function of the resistance box is to balance the voltage divider bridge, i. e. to obtain a Vs output voltage at the terminals of the sensor yarn equals to 2. 5 V (the Ve input voltage being 5. 0 V). The layout of the voltage divider bridge is represented by R 1 the resistance box and R 2 the electrical resistance of the sensor yarn. The trigger synchronizes the acquisition of electrical data with mechanical data.
The DAQExpress software allows starting an acquisition with a "StartTrigger" command. The physical quantity measured by the acquisition system during the electromechanical testing is an electrical voltage. To access electrical resistance, the divider bridge formula is used. Each Vs value collected during an electromechanical test is converted to an R 2 value. These resistance values are then smoothed using an Rorder moving average statistical method. The objective of this moving average (over 20 consecutive values) is to reduce noise, smooth the data and observe the electrical resistance variations of the sensor yarn more easily. Once the voltage data is processed, the ratio of the R 2 resistance (R 2 -R 0 ) to the initial R 0 resistance is calculated for each R 2 value as given in Eq. (  1 ): = × R Vs Vs R ( ) 2 1 (1 ) where Vs is the output voltage measured at the sensor yarn terminals, Ve is the input voltage (5.
It is also necessary to provide a material dipole moment   (Debye). The values were obtained from previous works  [21] , databases, or experiments (Table  2 ). σ and ε/  of BCl 3 were approximated for the unknown coefficients of other boron-containing intermediates. Here, the material dipole moment   is uniformly zero. The detailed chemical kinetic model that describes gas-phase reactions in CVD has been presented in several studies. Table  3  lists 62 reversible reactions adopted for the gas model in the present case. Ge et al. [22] [23] [24]  focused precisely on the thermodynamics of Si-C-H -Cl systems. Moreover, the temperature conditions they studied are within the range of our research temperature. Therefore, for C-H -Cl systems (G1-G44 in Table  3 ), we preferentially adopted Ge's calculated data.
Content analysis, database building, and statistical and cartographic processing Town planning documents were analysed to extract factual data on the 65 communes in terms of urban planning and risk management related to the sea. First, communes were divided into two categories: those without a PLU (9) and those with a PLU (56). For the latter, data were extracted following a stratified protocol consisting in successively analysing the different sub-documents composing a PLU: PADD, Presentation report, Written rules, and Graphic rules (Fig. 3 ). First, the PADD (Planning and Sustainable Development Project) was analysed (manual reading and computer-assisted text search) for any mention of risks linked to the sea, and the risks were listed (coastal flooding, marine erosion, beach erosion, coastal erosion, storm surge, etc.
2. Spatial planning documents collected and studied. challenges of the territory, and explains the reasons for the development guidelines and regulatory provisions included in the town planning rules (described in the other sub-documents of the PLU). Coastal risks are then mentioned in more or less detail, depending on existing knowledge, and there may be a description of the issues involved for the territory. We extracted and categorised data related to the description of coastal risks in three groups: no mention, simple mention (risk mentioned but not detailed or mapped), detailed description (map, figures, etc. ). The two other sub-documents composing the PLU are the written and the graphic rules. They form the local legal reference in terms of building rights and are therefore enforceable against third parties.
Connected to a geographic database with a GIS (ArcGis), our data set was enriched by measurements of the coastline of each commune. Then descriptive statistics were computed to determine the extent to which coastal risks are considered in urban planning (how many municipalities mention these risks? how many have taken regulatory measures? what types? which part of the region's coastline is concerned? etc. ), and communes were categorised accordingly. They were also mapped to reveal possible local effects (e. g. , highlighting geographic areas where risks seem to be ignored versus areas where risks are taken into account by all municipalities).
Funding This work was supported by the  European Regional Development Fund , the  French Ministry of Research and Technology , the  Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur Region  and the  Conseil Départemental des Bouchesdu-Rhône  [ DIGUE 2020  project], and the  French National Research Agency , through  LabEx OT-Med  [grant number  ANR-11-LABX-0061 ]. CRediT authorship contribution statement Samuel Robert: Conceptualisation, Data curation, Formal analysis, Methodology, Visualisation, Writing -review & editing. Alexandra Schleyer-Lindenmann: Funding acquisition, Project administration, Writing -review & editing.
6 To investigate the effect of the type and number of background therapies, as well as maintenance OCS use on the efficacy of mepolizumab, we performed a post hoc analysis using data from this published meta-analysis. 6 An additional metaanalysis of the DREAM, MENSA, and MUSCA trials (213079) was also performed to assess the impact of maintenance OCS use and dose and BEC on the efficacy of mepolizumab. DREAM (phase 2b/3), MENSA, and MUSCA (phase 3) were randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials enrolling patients aged 12 years or greater with severe eosinophilic asthma. Patients had two or more exacerbations requiring systemic corticosteroids despite treatment with inhaled corticosteroids and one or more controller therapy in the previous year, a BEC of 150 cells/ mL or more at screening (MENSA and MUSCA only) or 300 cells/ mL or more in the prior year, and evidence of airflow obstruction.
Because data are post hoc from meta-analyses of subgroups, caution should be used when interpreting the results clinically. In addition, two different doses of mepolizumab (via two different administration methods) were included. This meta-analysis indicates that mepolizumab has substantial clinical benefits in patients with severe eosinophilic asthma, irrespective of the type or number of background therapies. Exacerbation reductions with mepolizumab compared with placebo increased with increasing baseline BEC counts, irrespective of OCS use.
Exacerbation rates were also modeled as a function of blood eosinophils as a continuous variable using data from DREAM, MENSA, and MUSCA. A negative binomial generalized linear model was used with covariates of study ID, treatment group, region, exacerbations in the year before the study (as an ordinal variable), baseline percent predicted FEV 1 , with logarithm of time receiving treatment as an offset variable. In addition, the logtransformed baseline BEC, baseline maintenance OCS (using or not using), and their interactions with treatment were included in the model. Moreover, this analysis was repeated using OCS dose categories (>0-7. 5, >7. 5-15, and >15 mg/d) in place of OCS (using or not using).
Acknowledgements Editorial support (in the form of writing assistance, including preparation of the draft manuscript under the direction and guidance of the authors, collating and incorporating authors' comments for each draft, assembling tables and figures, grammatical editing and referencing) was provided by  Roisin McCorkell , MSc, at  Fishawack Indicia Ltd ,  United Kingdom , part of  Fishawack Health , and was funded by  GlaxoSmithKline. S. G. Smith ,  S. Mallett ,  F. C. Albers ,  E. S. Bradford , and  S. W. Yancey  were involved in the conception or design of the analyses;  N. Lugogo ,  M. C. Liu , and  I. Pavord  were involved in the acquisition of data; and all authors were involved in analyzing or interpreting the data and drafting the work or revising it critically for important intellectual content.
All authors gave final approval of the version to be published, and agreed to be accountable for all aspects of the work. Anonymized individual participant data from the studies listed within this publication and the associated documents can be requested for further research from www. clinicalstudydatarequest. com. Currently affiliated with  Aeglea BioTherapeutics, Austin, Tex. This analysis of post hoc data from a previous meta-analysis and a new meta-analysis (GSK IDs:  213079/208115 ) and the parent studies (DREAM,  MEA112997/ NCT01000506 ; MENSA,  MEA115588/NCT01691521 ; MUSCA, 200862/ NCT02281318; DREAM,) were funded by  GlaxoSmithKline  Conflicts of interest:  N. Lugogo  reports grant support and advisory board fees from  GSK ; grant support, consulting fees, and advisory board fees from  AstraZeneca ; consulting fees, advisory board fees, and grant support from  Teva Pharmaceuticals ; grant support and advisory board fees from  Genentech ; grant support and advisory board fees from  Sanofi/Regeneron ; and advisory board fees from  Novartis.