dataesr/scientific-paragraphs-categorization huggingface dataset:
Our representations and characters are continuous and over C, and 1 is the trivial character. Acknowledgements. The first-named author thanks Naoki Imai for numerous discussions about the Manin constant during 2017-2018. We thank the Technische Universität Darmstadt and the Queen Mary University of London for hospitality during visits between the authors. The first-named author acknowledges the support of the ANR-19-CE40-0015-02 COLOSS. The second-named author was partially funded by the DFG research group 1920 and the LOEWE research unit "Uniformized Structures in Arithmetic and Geometry. " The third-named author acknowledges the support of the Leverhulme Trust Research Project Grant RPG-2018-401. This project has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement No.
Available at https://github. com/michaelneururer/products-of-eisenstein-series. A faster and more general pari/gp algorithm for algebraically computing Fourier expansions at cusps is based on [Coh19] , but we did not use it because it is heuristic: to convert the numerically approximated Fourier coefficients to algebraic numbers, it uses a heuristic application of the LLL-algorithm; our denominator bounds could help make this algorithm rigorous.
NBS and policy database The OPERANDUM NBS-catalogue integrated within the GeoIKP represents a comprehensive, geo-referenced, database of currently 740 NBS projects designed to mitigate the risk and impacts of hydrometeorological hazards, under various environmental settings and hazard categories  [14]. The GeoIKP adopts a multi-stakeholder approach through the integration of multiple modules related to science, policy and practice enabling diverse stakeholders and end-users to improve their knowledge of NBS for reducing the risks of floods, droughts, heat waves, coastal erosion, storm surges and other hydro-meteorological hazards. NBS projects were collected from various resources, including knowledge platforms, such as Climate-ADAPT (European Climate Adaptation Platform), Oppla, Think Nature and PANORAMA databases, as well as other referenced scientific articles, technical reports, OPERANDUM OALs, etc.
The policy review was performed between mid to end of 2021 and relied on both explicit and implicit qualitative content analysis rather than a strict keyword-based analysis. The policy catalogue consists of more than 2000 policy documents attributed to 740 NBS cases and drawing from existing open-access information services on environmental legislation and regulations including the FAOLEX database  [17]  on national legislation, policies and bilateral agreements on food, agriculture, the environment and natural resources management, the Convention on Biological Diversity's country profiles  [18] , the Biodiversity Information System for Europe  [19] , the Climate-ADAPT database of country profiles  [20] , the European Commission's published country reports of the Environment Implementation Review (EIR, 2019)  [21]  and the ECOLEX database  [22]  for national and EU and international environmental legislation.
Acknowledgments This work is carried out under the framework of  OPERANDUM  ( OPEn-air laboRAtories for Nature baseD solUtions to Manage hydrometeo risks)  project, which is funded by the  European Union 's  Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme  under the Grant Agreement No:  776848. The authors also wish to thank  UNESCOs Disaster Risk Reduction  team, including  Léa Bécue  and  Eirini Glynou Lefaki , for research support, as well as all  OPERANDUM  OAL partners for consultations and insights on the local and national policy context of the implemented NBS projects, and regional consultants,  Victor Rana Shinde  and  Yazidhi Bamutaze , for review of the GeoIKP's NBS case studies.
[12]  , Pelucchi et al. [18]. The results presented below serve to demonstrate AP model improvements with respect to existing AP mechanisms, and not to provide an exhaustive validation. The new mechanism is compared to the reference model proposed by Gross et al. [10]  , hereafter called the Gross model (25 species, 80 reactions). This specific model is chosen as a reference, owing to its frequent usage within the solid propellant community. Chemical experiments are simulated employing the Cantera software  [19]. Laminar flame speed is obtained under the hypothesis of adiabatic combustion. Jet-stirred reactors are modeled as perfectly-stirred reactors. In order to assess the performance of a given kinetic model, we use the adimensional L 2 error norm: δ err = 1 μ y N k =1 y k -ˆ y k 2 1 2 ( 1 ) where N is the number of experimental data points, the k th data point is ( x k , y k ) , ˆ y k is the estimate produced by a model at x k , and μ y is the average value of the experimental data points.
Novelty and significance Current models for ammonium perchlorate (AP) combustion have been used for more than a decade without significant revision or improvement. Furthermore, all of these models have been validated primarily on a dataset limited to AP combustion with a unique case of detailed flame structure. By applying a more rigorous methodology, the validation dataset is expanded adding cases on simple reactive systems of interest. This approach highlights fundamental deficiencies in the mechanisms which were widely used in the past. A new gas-phase kinetic mechanism with improved confidence is assembled and validated on the expanded dataset. A condensed-phase decomposition model is formulated to be used conjointly. Finally, a pyrolysis law is designed employing the Zel'dovich-Novozhilov theory of solid propellant combustion stability and optimizing the Arrhenius parameters.
Study design and patients COMFORT-I (NCT00952289) and COMFORT-II (NCT00934544) were randomized, phase 3 trials of ruxolitinib versus placebo or BAT, respectively, in patients with intermediate-2 or high-risk PMF, PPV-MF, or PET-MF. Eligibility criteria for the COMFORT trials have been described elsewhere  10, 11  ; briefly, inclusion criteria for both studies were as follows: age ≥ 18 years; diagnosis of PMF, PPV-MF, or PET-MF; intermediate-2 or high-risk MF according to the International Prognostic Scoring System 4 ; palpable splenomegaly (≥5 cm below the left costal margin); peripheral blood blast count < 10% and platelet count ≥ 100 � 10 9 /L; and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status ≤ 3 (on a scale of 0-5, with higher scores indicating increasing disability). 20 Patients were randomly assigned to receive oral ruxolitinib at a starting dose of 15 or 20 mg twice daily (based on platelet counts of 100-200 or >200 � 10 9 /L, respectively) or a matched placebo (COMFORT-I)  10  or BAT (COMFORT-II).
Symptom response was assessed by the MF-Symptom Assessment Form total symptom score using data strictly from COMFORT-I (the MF-Symptom Assessment Form questionnaire was not used in COM-FORT-II). Symptom response was defined as a total symptom score reduction ≥ 50% from baseline (TSS50) at Week 24. OS was defined as the time from randomization to death due to any cause and was evaluated using pooled COMFORT data.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The authors thank  Dilan Paranagama, PhD , of  Incyte Corporation (Wilmington, Delaware ) for his statistical consultation. Writing assistance was provided by  Cory Pfeiffenberger , an employee of  ICON (Blue Bell, Pennsylvania ), and was funded by  Incyte Corporation. This study was funded by  Incyte. The study sponsor collaborated with the authors in the analysis and interpretation of the data and the writing of the manuscript.
Introduction: The purpose of this study was to analyse quantitative values of normal and abnormal marrow on T1 weighted images of spine, to propose a ratio for T1 values of abnormal to normal vertebrae and to assess whether this ratio could be helpful in predicting presence of neoplastic lesions in the spine. Materials and Methods: 100 randomly selected MRI scans of lumbar spine without any evidence of infection, fracture and tumour were selected to form a normal cohort. A second cohort of 100 metastasis of lumbar spine was identified. Ratio of T1 value of vertebral body to the T1 value of the inferior vertebral body was performed for normal cohort from T11 to L5. Ratio of T1 value of metastasis to adjacent normal vertebral body was calculated for metastatic cohort. Data was analysed using standard t-test and kappa was performed for intra and inter observer reliability.
Data was gathered retrospectively. Results: From 1/2019 -9/2021 19 patients (11f, 8m) were treated with reinforced lumbopelvic fixation and SIJ fusion with a mean follow up of 18,2 months. Mean age 68 years (range 62-78y). Preop. walking distance was reduced to an average <100 m. Standard treatment involved S2AI screws and triangular titanium implants (SIBone, iFuse 3D™). 14 revision cases split into 5 low grade infections with screw loosening, 3 cases with rod breakage, 5 cases of painful lumbopelvic screw prominence, 7 cases with proximal junctional kyphosis, 2 cases with misplaced implants, 8 cases of poor bone mineral density. 5 patients without prior spine surgery. All patients were treated bilaterally using freehand technique. Average implant length was 65 mm. There were no intraoperative or implant associated adverse events (AE) or serious adverse events (SAE).
Ancillary data Maps of the emission fluxes of mineral dust were calculated using the dust emission model described by  Feuerstein and Schepanski (2019) , driven with hourly 10m wind fields at a 0. 1° x 0. 1° grid from the European Centre for Medium-range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF). The dust emission parameterisation follows  Marticorena and Bergametti (1995). Additional information on the soil type was taken from the ISRC soil data set (FAO/IIASA/ISRIC/ISSCAS/JRC, 2012) and information on the aerodynamic roughness length was obtained from POLDER/ADEOS surface products following the works of  Marticorena et al. (2004)  and  Laurent et al. (2005). The MODIS monthly vegetation product (MYD13A3 v6) was used to describe the vegetation cover, while the vegetation type was defined using the BIOME4 database  (Kaplan et al.
The dataset discussed in this paper is based on 176 aerosol samples collected at HBAO, 42 of which were associated with 10 dust episodes. As detailed by KL20, events of mineral dust were identified as peaks in the time series of the mass concentrations of Al and non-sea-salt Ca 2+ (nss-Ca 2+ ). The dust episodes investigated in this study are a subset of those presented by KL20, we therefore use their naming convention to facilitate the connections between the two papers (Table  1 ). In the following, we refer to samples collected during the dust episodes as "dust". Samples collected outside the dust events will be indicated as "background". The dust episodes were long-lasting (generally a few days). The dynamic of the emissive areas, air mass transport and fog coverage during the episodes (Fig.
Iron solubility The total and dissolved concentrations, and fractional solubility of Fe, Al and Si, during the dust episodes are reported in Table  2 , where they are compared to background conditions. For iron, the average values over the entire sampling period are also shown. The total Fe concentrations varied significantly from one episode to the other, and so did EDM, which was larger than 10 µg m -3 for all of them (except Dust 12) and as high as 56 µg m -3 during Dust 11 event (Table  1 ). By contrast, the total Fe-to-EDM ratio was virtually constant, with an average of 5. 8 % (± 0. 6 %) for the dust events and 5. 6 % (± 1. 1%) for the entire dataset. The total dissolved concentrations of Fe during the sampling period ranged from 1. 5 to 427 ng m -3 , with a median and average of 10.
Conclusive remarks For the first time, the fractional solubility of Fe in airborne atmospheric aerosols smaller than 10 µm in diameter is investigated along the west coast of Namibia, in southern Africa, a critical region for the global climate. Ten intense episodes of transport of mineral dust from aeolian erosion were identified from the analysis of aerosol samples collected between May and December 2017 at the Henties Bay Aerosol Observatory (HBAO). Based on modelling and measurements, source regions were identified both in the northern and southern gravel plans. Our data do not provide any evidence of the possible contribution of dust from coastal riverbeds, which are considered to be frequent sources of atmospheric dust and soluble iron in the region. (Vickery et al. , 2013; Von Holdt et al.
Acknowledgements. This work receives funding by the  French Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)  and the  South African National Research Foundation (NRF)  through the " Groupement de Recherche Internationale Atmospheric Research   in southern Africa  and the  Indian Ocean " ( GDRI-ARSAIO ) and the  Project International de Coopération Scientifique (PICS)  " Long-term observations of aerosol properties in Southern Africa " (contract n. 260888 ) as well as by the  Partenariats Hubert Curien (PHC) PROTEA  of the  French Minister of Foreign Affairs and International Development  (contract numbers  33913SF  and  38255ZE ). D. Klopper  acknowledges the financial support of the  Climatology Research Group of North-West University  and the travel scholarship of the  French Embassy in South Africa  (internship at LISA in summer 2018).
R. Torres-Sánchez  acknowledges the  Postdoctoral Fellowship Margarita Alsolas (University of Huelva ) funded by the  Ministry of Universities of Spain (NextGenerationEU). The  Southern African Science Service Centre for Climate Change and Adaptive Land Management (SASSCAL) ObservationNet  (https://www. sasscal. org/) is acknowledged for open-access data provision. The authors would also like to acknowledge the support by the  IPGP  platform  PARI  for HR-ICP-MS analysis. F. Lahmidi  and  Z. Zeng  (LISA) are acknowledged for support to the ion chromatography analysis. https://doi. org/10. 5194/egusphere-2023-1736 Preprint. Discussion started: 22 August 2023 c Author(s) 2023. CC BY 4. 0 License.
Acknowledgments Matteo Coronese ,  Francesco Lamperti  and  Andrea Roventini  acknowledge the financial support by the  Economics of Energy Innovation and System Transition (EEIST)  Project. Matteo Coronese  has further received financial support from the  H2020   GROWINPRO  project ( GA No. 822781 ). The authors are grateful to the members of the  Institute of Life Sciences at the Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies , who extensively revised the content of this work. We thank  Alberto Mantino ,  Tatiana Filatova ,  Irene Monasterolo ,  Daniele Giachini ,  Tommaso Ciarli  along with participants in several conferences and workshops, for their useful comments and discussions.
C. , M. R. M. , and A. M. contributed through fruitful discussions on data analysis and writing. Y. L. and K. L. did box model simulations. C. X. and Y. M. wrote this paper with input from all co-authors. All authors contributed, commented, and approved this paper. # C. X. and C. Y. contribute equally. Notes: The authors declare no competing interests. Funding Sources. This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant nos. 91544211, 41727805, 21976190, and 41975164), the PIVOTS project provided by the Region Centre-Val de Loire (ARD 2020 program and CPER 2015-2020), and the VOLTAIRE project (ANR-10-LABX-100-01) funded by the French National Research Agency (ANR).
Therapeutic effects were observed in 8/20 patients, including one PR and seven SD. The median PFS was 6 weeks (range 2. 66-48). In another international, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase III study, patients were randomly assigned linsitinib a potent, oral small molecule inhibitor of both IGF-1R and the insulin receptor or placebo  [49]. Of 139 patients enrolled, 90 were assigned to linsitinib and 49 to placebo. The trial was unblinded in March 2012, based on data monitoring committee recommendation due to the failure of linsitinib to increase efficacy. At database lock and based on 92 deaths, no difference in OS was noted between linsitinib and placebo.
Other approaches In 2006, Papewalis et al. [58]  evaluated a dendritic cells immunotherapy protocol. Autologous dentritic cells were pulsed with autologous tumor lysate. Two patients with metastasized hypersecretory ACC were vaccinated twice. Although this strategy resulted in increases in T-cell proliferation and induction of cytotoxic T-cells, no impact on tumor growth was observed and clinical outcome was not improved. Another approach is peptide-based vaccination that delivers immunogenic peptides, corresponding to tumor-associated or tumor-specific antigens, to elicit a T-cell immune response. The NCT04187404 SPENCER multicenter, phase 1/2, first-in-human trial evaluated the EO2401 vaccine against ACC in combination with nivolumab. This vaccine includes three microbiome-derived epitopes: the interleukin receptor alpha 2 (IL13R2), survivin (BIRC5), and the mammalian forkhead box M1 (FOXM1)  [59].
Methods We conducted a multicenter retrospective observational study in five ICUs across different locations in France including University Hospitals in Paris, Strasbourg, Nantes, Lille and Poitiers. The inclusion period spanned 12 years (from January 2007 to December 2018) to collect data before and after DOACs commercialization in France. The data were queried using the ICD-10 nomenclature  [13]. We considered all ICD-10 codes indicating potential acute or chronic bleeding diseases and all medical or interventional procedures (Personal list, Additional file 1: Table  S1 ) related to the management of potential bleeding (transfusion, embolization, etc. ) for patients receiving therapeutic anticoagulant therapy. Each individual medical record was manually reviewed for patient inclusion. Patients with intracranial bleeding were not included in this study as our focus was to describe severe bleeding responsible for hemorrhagic shock with organ failure.
The management and the outcome of intracranial hemorrhage are not dependent on blood volume loss and prognosis factors applicable to intracranial bleeding may not be directly relevant in other cases  [14]. General characteristics of patients at admission were collected, including demographic data, biological data, diagnoses, severity of illness evaluated by the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score  [15]  and Simplified Acute Physiology Score II (SAPS II)  [16]. Additionally, the initial bleeding site and the therapeutic management were recorded. The data are reported in accordance with the STROBE guidelines  [17].
Statistical analysis Quantitative data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation, qualitative variables as number of recurrences (percentage). Qualitative variables were compared using a Chi2 test. Quantitative variables were compared with a Student's t test or a Mann-Whitney test according to their normal or non-normal distribution (hypothesis of normality systematically tested). The significance threshold was set bilaterally to p < 0. 05. Multivariate analysis consisted of a logistic regression including variables available at ICU admission with a p-value < 0. 10 in univariate analysis and variables previously identified as predictive for bleeding in patients receiving therapeutic anticoagulant therapy were forced into the model  [18] , while collinear variables were excluded. As missing data accounted for less than 5% of the dataset, analyses were performed on the complete cases.
Such a trend has been correlated to the inherent instability of high-symmetry coordination for ns 2 p 0 cations. 36 o further confirm and better elucidate this preliminary evidence, it would be desirable to cover a more extended compositional range in terms of organic cations and halides and to broaden the temperature range by including low-temperature data to analyze a detailed T evolution of local and average structures. In this study, we performed a systematic characterization of tin-based MHPs with a composition of ASnX 3 , where A = MA or FA and X = I or Br, from 80 to 360 K, by means of X-ray total scattering techniques coupled to PDF analysis. Data were collected on powdered samples sealed in capillaries at the Material Science Beamline ID 11 at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF).
Details of the synthesis, data collection, and analysis can be found in the Supporting Information. Total scattering measurements made use of Bragg and diffuse scattering on an equal basis and were performed as in a regular powder diffraction measurement, and the PDF was obtained from the Fourier transform total scattering structure function, S(Q). Some information could be directly extracted from the PDF in a model-independent way because of its definition as the atom pair correlation function. From the peak position, it was possible to extract information about the bond length, the peak integrated intensities provided information about the coordination number, and, finally, the measurement of the peak width may allow extraction of information about thermal or static disorder. However, modeling of data, as in Rietveld refinement for diffraction data, reveals much more information than straight model-independent analysis.
Visual inspection of the calculated and experimental data in terms of the peak number, shape, and positions indicated a fairly good agreement between the two data sets. The average PDFs from MD properly catch the main features of the experimental data, in particular the low-r distortion. This result supports the validity of the computational modeling and strongly indicates that a proper description of the energy gaps in tin halide perovskite requires the consideration of the local structural distortion experimentally unveiled by PDF analysis. To summarize, we characterize by means of X-ray total scattering and PDF analysis as a function of temperature four tin halide perovskites, namely, MASnI 3 , FASnI 3 , MASnBr 3 , and FASnBr 3. The analysis of the local structure indicates a clear trend of increasing local distortion as a function of the nature of the organic cation, halide, and temperature.
This pathway, more specifically the RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK pathway, regulates cell growth, proliferation, and apoptosis, and its alteration is one of the major contributors to tumorigenesis. Of the reported BRAF mutations, 98-99% are V600E mutations, which arise from the substitution of valine by glutamate at amino acid 600, and it is the most common mechanism of MAPK signaling activation in PTC  (11). In murine NS model, gene enrichment analysis in podocytes with foot processes effacement revealed upregulation of the BRAF/MAPK signaling genes (RAF1, MAPK1, BRAF as the leading genes), suggesting a podocyte-specific BRAF/MAPK signaling pathway (12). Analysis of a large gene database of human kidney diseases showed that the BRAF gene expression was elevated in several kidney diseases associated with podocyte damage, such as focal segmental glomerular sclerosis, lupus nephritis and MCD, and correlated with the severity of proteinuria (12).
The present Research Topic aimed to (i) identify gaps in biological and ecological knowledge across marine ecosystem components, ecosystem models, food web models, fisheries catch statistics, and survey data; (ii) assess the current status of exploited populations; (iii) evaluate the efficiency of current fisheries management approaches within the context of ecosystem and anthropogenic impact including climate change; and (iv) create base ecosystem models across the European Seas that will be used to examine ecosystem management scenarios in the future. The present Research Topic included six original articles, two reviews, and one policy and practice review. The six original articles focused on Mediterranean ecosystems, where data gaps and deficiencies are wider. Spatiotemporal and environmental modelling, that can be applied to areas with varying heterogeneity, was used to identify and fill gaps in trawl surveys in the Adriatic Sea  (Coro et al.