dataesr/scientific-paragraphs-categorization huggingface dataset:
Trigger and Time Synchronisation The cameras in the CTA array will generally trigger locally (i. e. independently of other telescopes) with an algorithm that suppresses night-sky background light. The array trigger will acts on information sent by the telescope triggers to select shower signatures and reject background processes, allowing a factor of few data reduction. This array trigger will be implemented via the SWAT software component. It runs on a dedicated central processor that works in the near realtime regime. The SWAT algorithm operates on a timescale of order 1 second, which gives ample time for any array trigger detection algorithms and compensates for any network induced packet jitters. In the meantime, camera servers buffer the data awaiting the feedback from the SWAT in order to either process the data in the DAQ system, or to discard it.
The Data Acquisition System One of the main tasks of the ACTL system will be to transport, process, and store the scientific data acquired with the cameras of the telescopes. The data streams generated by the cameras after local camera triggers will dominate the overall data rate of CTA, with an estimated raw data rate of about 80 GB/s for the southern array. Along the way, inter-telescope and array-level trigger schemes (see section 5) and possibly an on-line filtering of events will be used to further suppress the background while selecting electromagnetic showers with high efficiency. The DAQ will comprise the camera readout, the buffering of the read-out data, the processing of array trigger decisions, the building of camera-dependent events and filtering of interesting events to reduce the overall data volume (about 20 PB/y).
System Configuration and Monitoring A system like CTA will have many hardware and software elements to monitor. These are typically sampled at 1 Hz or slower, or whenever a value changes by more than a predefined threshold. Monitoring is not restricted to devices but is also applied to the status of software elements such as the components of the DAQ. The final number of monitor points for CTA has not yet been determined, but it is expected to be around 10 5. The effective analysis and interpretation of this large quantity of data depends on maintaining links between a device's monitor points and the configurations, both current and historical, that determine where and during what periods the devices was installed and operating in the observatory. For reasons such as these, ACTL will treat the two subjects, configuration and monitoring, together, via a concept taken from the ALMA Observatory named Telescope Monitoring and Configuration Database (TMCDB).
The CTA ACTL team has implemented support for MySQL for the configuration of the TMCDB as a prototype and applied it in the context of the MST prototype  [9]. For storage of the monitoring values, the MongoDB 1  and Cassandra 2  technologies are currently being evaluated. Whenever any CTA hardware or software component will detect a situation that is dangerous for the equipment or personnel, an alarm will be raised and then the array operators take the adequate actions. The ACTL team will use the alarm system provided by ACS  [12] , and furthermore, the team is considering the use of complex event processing methods to strengthen the system (see  [13]  for the use of such systems in IACTs).
On-site Computing and Network Infrastructure For each CTA site, the ACTL team is planning to deploy an infrastructure comprising computing/storage hardware, the overall networking infrastructure (including cabling and switches) and all system services needed (operating system installation, networking services, name services, etc. ). The on-site data centre will host different classes of servers and nodes for computing and storage into the following components, according to different functionalities divided. The computing nodes are used to deploy the ACTL software components as well as the data analysis procedures described in  [4]. A total need of about 1500 cores (x86 architecture) for the CTA southern array (870 for northern one) is estimated from current software prototypes. The on-site storage system will be entirely assembled from basic storage units consisting of one storage node server equipped with internally connected disks.
Currently the space of a single (Nearline SAS) disk is 6 TB and the number of disks connected to a head node is 12. Therefore, using RAID 6 for best redundancy a basic storage system today will provide a net capacity of 60 TB for each node, with a total of 3 PB storage (1. 5 PB) for the southern (northern) installation. Regarding the array network topology, eight to twenty telescopes will form a group connected to one patch point or power transformer building in the array. Each telescope is connected via a fibre cable holding 24 single-mode optical fibres, which allows for 12 single connections (two fibres are used for one connection in RX/TX mode) of up to 10 Gbit/s. Out of these 12 connections, 1 to 6 fibres (depending on the telescope type) will be dedicated to the transfer of the telescope camera data to the camera server located in the data centre.
Conclusions An extensive set of solutions has been proposed to organize the ACTL system of the CTA observatory. The proposed solutions are being verified and benchmarked via an intense prototyping activity. Prototypes for the small-sized telescopes (e. g. ASTRI  [10]  and SST-1M  [11] ) and for the medium sized telescope  [9]  are already being controlled with ACS and OPC UA, while other for ACTL elements such as engineering GUIs and the TMCDB are being tested. Data transfer and serialisation protocols for the DAQ are being prototyped in high-performance computer clusters  [7] , while equivalent tests are being carried out for the large scale emulation of the monitoring system of the whole array. A set of 15 state of the art computing nodes as well as fiber and a chassis switch, all of them similar to those to be deployed on the OSDCs have been installed at DESY Zeuthen.
Short presentation note In recent years, the ties that Members of Parliament (MPs) create by cosponsoring legislation together have a racted interest from scholars adopting a network approach to lawmaking. is brief note expands the empirical base of these studies by introducing a dataset of 150 bill cosponsorship networks that cover 27 parliamentary chambers from 19 European countries, plus Israel. e data show the extent of partisanship expressed by MPs through their propensity to cosponsor bills within and across party lines, in several di erent parliamentary systems. In recent years, the ties that Members of Parliament (MPs) create by cosponsoring legislation together have a racted interest from scholars adopting a network approach to lawmaking. e general objective of that approach, which takes advantage of important developments in the statistical modeling of political and social networks  (Cranmer & Desmarais, 2011; Snijders, 2011) , consists in identifying the relational determinants that underlie legislative production, such as shared a ributes of legislators or 'friend-of-a-friend' e ects.
1 However, no comprehensive dataset currently exists to allow for the comparative analysis of such networks over a more diverse set of legislative environments. is brief note therefore aims at contributing to network studies of legislative cosponsorship by expanding their empirical base to several additional countries. rough the use of various web scraping technologies  (Munzert et al. , 2015) , we tried to collect information on private bills 2 and their sponsors from the o cial websites of 33 parliaments, or from 1 Our search also returned visual explorations of bill cosponsorship in the lower houses of the French  (Coulmont, 2011)  and Czech  (Gregor, 2013)  parliaments, and similar research on Korean legislators (Ji-yeon  Lee & Yoon, 2014). 2 We focused our a ention on private bills, de ned as laws initiated by one or more MPs that become binding if they make it through the legislative process of their country of introduction.
is de nition is compatible with theoretical assumptions on how MPs signal their positions to their constituents or to third parties, and is comparable across countries. related open data portals. Our country sample included all current member states of the European Union, plus the four members of the European Free Trade Association (Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway and Switzerland) and Israel. Table  1  summarises the data that we managed to collect, which cover 20 countries and 27 parliamentary chambers, over a total of 558 years and 150 legislatures, understood as periods between two nationwide legislative elections. e sample contains a mix of unicameral and bicameral parliamentary systems from Eastern, Northern and Western Europe, including three federal regimes (Austria, Belgium and Switzerland).
e R code (R Core Team, 2015) used to collect the data and assemble the cosponsorship networks is available at https://github. com/briatte/parlnet, along with detailed replication instructions. Using the same parliamentary sources as for bills, we then retrieved as much information as possible on the individual legislators who nominally sponsored the bills. e variables collected across all countries include sponsor age, sex and parliamentary career information (time in o ce, constituency, commi ee membership and party a liation), for a total of over 18,000 MPs who appeared on at least one cosponsored bill. To further characterize the positions of bill sponsors relative to each other, we also proceeded to match their party In order to do so, we used the scores available in the latest edition of the ParlGov database  (Döring & Manow, 2014) , which are time-invariant scores computed as the weighted mean values of party positions taken from several expert surveys on political parties.
All skin tests were negative. Subcutaneous challenge was performed with lidocaine in 41 pts, articaine in 7 pts, bupivacaine in 1 pt, and articaine + adrenaline in 1 pt. All patients had negative subcutaneous challenge. In the follow-up period 20 pts received LA, 20 pts have not received LA while 10 pts were unavailable for follow-up. Of the patients who received LA after testing, 19 had no reactions during exposure while 1 pt experienced a severe hypertensive reaction with generalized exanthema. The NPV of skin tests to LA was 95 %. NPV for subcutaneous challenge tests was not calculated due to incomplete data on specific LAs used in subsequent exposures. Background: A 44 year-man was urgently admitted to our allergy clinic with complaints of pain in the area of scrotum, painfulness in oral cavity, rash on hands, eyelids and foot.
Materials and methods: The data were obtained from a Tunisian pharmacovigilance database of adverse drug reactions (ADRs). Analyzed reports were retrieved from the pharmacovigilance unit of Monastir (Tunisia) database collected from 2004 to 2015. The association between drugs and skin reactions was assessed using the case/ non-case method, calculating the adverse reaction reporting odds ratio (ROR) and their 95 % confidence intervals as a measure of disproportionality. The "cases" were defined as reports of type III and IV skin allergic reactions (according to gelle and Coombs classifications). The "non-cases" were all other reports. Background: Delayed hypersensitivity reactions to cephalosporins are poorly described reactions that occur more than 1 h after drug administration. The mechanisms involved seem to be heterogeneous and not totally characterized.
Individual genotypes were assigned using the CopyCaller ™ Software. Statistical analysis was carried out using GraphPad prism 5, PLINK, EPI-DAT and R version 3. 1. 2. Results: 151 cases and 139 controls were analyzed during the discovery phase and 148 cases and 140 controls were used for replication. CNVs in open reading frames were found for ALOX5, PTGER1, PTGER3 and PTGER4. Statistically significant changes in CNVs between NIUA and controls were found for ALOX5 (p c = 0. 017) and PTGER1 (p c = 1. 22E-04). Moreover, we described that there was not a correlation between the presence of a deletion in ALOX5 with the presence of a deletion in PTGER1 (R 2 = 0. 274). Conclusions: This study represents the first analysis showing an association between CNVs in exonic regions of ALOX5 and PTGER1 and NIUA.
This is done on a SNP-by-SNP basis, meaning that each variant is considered independently. However, the effect of a single SNP on phenotype is influenced by other factors, including the individual's genetic background. An alternative approach to analyse this data is the use of epistasis methods, which look for associations between pairs of SNPs and a phenotype that are stronger than the sum of the individual SNP-phenotype associations, suggesting an interaction between the SNPs. Materials and methods: We analysed data from an NSAIDs hypersensitivity GWAS using an epistasis detection method, MBMDR. The resulting pairs of interacting SNPs were used to build networks, both at the SNP level and at the gene level, by mapping SNPs to their closest protein coding gene (within 500 kb). These networks were analysed to identify SNPs and genes with a potential role in NSAIDs hypersensitivity using graph metrics.
They were classified as allergic by history and skin tests positive to β-lactamic antibiotics. Specific IgE against penicilloyl G, penicilloyl V, amoxicilloyl and ampicilloyl were analyzed by CAP FEIA system (Thermo Scientific ® ). With these IgE values and positive or negative diagnosis of allergy, sensitivity and specificity of both cutoffs (0. 35 and 0. 10 kU/l), the ROC curves were obtained. In addition, the AUC value (with their confidence interval) was calculated. The SPSS (v19. 0) and "Analyse-it"-Excel were used. Results: Tables  5, 6 , 7.
Materials and methods: Retrospective analysis of medical records from patients referred to our department, from 2009 to 2015, with suspected HR during GA. The data collected were: demographic data, atopy, clinical manifestations, results from ST and BAT. ST and BAT were performed in the following concentrations: 0. 05 mg/ml for F and 10 mg/ml for P and R (SPT); 1/100 dilution for R and 1/10 for F and P (ID); 25, 12. 5 and 6. 25 μg/ml for F; 100, 50 and 10 μg/ml for P; 10, 5, 2. 5 μg/ml for R (BAT).
66. Conclusions: TDR/BT ratio showed a significantly better diagnostic performance than TDR to discriminate IgE from non-IgE mediated allergic reactions. An optimal TDR/BT ratio threshold around The published version of this abstract can be found at  [1]. were included in the study. Eighteen controls with tolerance to FQ were also included. BAT was performed with Moxifloxacin and Ciprofloxacin at 2 and 0. 2 mg/ml using CD203c and CD63 as activation markers. Positive results were considered when SI > 3 to at least one of the concentrations used in the test. Results: Data indicated that although both Ciprofloxacin and Moxifloxacin are able to induce both activation marker expression (CD63 and CD203c), there is a predominance in the expression of each one depending on the drug included in the test.
Poster Walk 15: MPE/type 4 (P129-P137) P129 Delayed hypersensitivity cutaneous reactions: a case/control study from a tunisian database Karim Aouam, Najah Ben Fadhel, Zohra Chadly, Nadia Ben Fredj, Naceur A. Boughattas, Amel Chaabane Faculty of Medicine/University hospital/University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia Correspondence: Karim Aouam Clinical and Translational Allergy 2016, 6.
4142 Å (Fig. 3b ). The in situ XRD patterns were recorded using electrochemical cells, assembled similarly to our Swagelok cell, but equipped with a beryllium window as current collector on the positive side. These cells were placed on the Bruker D8-Advance diffractometer (Cu Ka radiation) and connected to the VMP2 system. All patterns were analysed using the Rietveld method as implemented in the FullProf program  29. Phase quantification was performed on the in situ patterns by applying a overall correction on the patterns to account for the absorption from the Be window. Electrochemical tests. Coin cells were used to study the electrochemical performances. 1 M NaClO 4 solution in a mixture of EC/DMC in 1:1 ratio was used as electrolyte for the full cells with C as negative electrode. 5% FEC was systematically added in half cells when Na metal was used as counter electrode.
Acknowledgements We thank  L. Simonin  and  Y. Chatillon  from  CEA  for sending us the pristine Na 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 2 F 3 materials that we have been using for the present study;  Antonella Iadecola  and  Carlotta Giacobbe  for the collection of Synchrotron X-ray diffraction patterns at European Synchrotron Radiation Facility on ID22; and the  RS2E '  Na-ion task force  ( C. Masquelier ,  L. Croguennec ) for helpful discussions and  J. Kurzman  for his critical reading of the paper. Use of the  Advanced Photon Source at Argonne National Laboratory  was supported by the  US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences , under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357.
Comparative exercise with the SOLENE model An objective and exhaustive assessment of the new solar radiation calculations in TEB related to the inclusion of tree layer effects is not an easy exercise, essentially due to the lack of experimental data. Indeed, very few measurements for documenting radiative effects of trees in urban environment are available  (Park et al. , 2012). The objective is here to quantify the performances of TEB in simulating the different contributions of the solar radiation budget for the ensemble of urban facets and vegetation. For this purpose, we compare TEB with the SOLENE software, which is a high spatial-resolution solar and lighting architectural model and which is used in this case as a reference. Various configurations of urban canyons with street trees (that differ in terms of vegetation density and spatial distribution) are studied so that the capacities and limits of the TEB approach can be highlighted and evaluated.
All mock-ups have been meshed by the GMSH software which is a finite element mesh generator. We have applied here a non-uniform meshing in order to refine the spatial discretization of vegetation blocks, whose smallest ones for some of the vegetation layouts do not exceed 2. 4 m of width and 2. 5 m of height. Each canyon is projected following the four street orientations 0˚, 45˚, 90˚, and 135˚(degrees from geographical north, in the counter trigonometric direction). A specific location (defined by latitude and longitude) must be prescribed for astronomic calculations. The city of Nantes (France) is chosen in an arbitrarily manner (46˚N, 1˚E). The solar radiation exchanges are then calculated for a single daily cycle, and under sunlight conditions covering the four seasons by selecting dates close to equinoxes and solstices of year 2010, i.
Each sample was assayed in duplicate and the mean of the two was used in the analyses. Following the collection of baseline data (the third day), all participants performed graded exercise testing  [14]  until exhaustion to determine maximal oxygen uptake (VO 2max ) and maximal aerobic Biology of Sport, Vol. 33 No2, 2016 147 High-intensity interval training and obesity speed (MAS). This maximal test was carried out on a 200 m outdoor track calibrated with cones. The test starts at a running speed of 8. 5 km • h -1 and increases by 0. 5 km • h -1 every minute until exhaustion. The sustained speed during the last completed stage corresponds to the MAS. During this exercise test, respiratory gas exchange was determined breath-by-breath using a calibrated portable telemetry system (K 4 b 2 , Cosmed, Rome, Italy).
A detailed training programme is presented in table  1. Only three week days (Monday, Wednesday and Friday) were devoted to the training programmes during the intervention. During this period, all participants were asked not to participate in any other physical activity, as well as to maintain their usual diet. After the 12-week intervention period, all anthropometric, physiological, biological and perceptual data were collected again, in the same conditions. In order to estimate energy intake, participants completed a dietary questionnaire on 4 days (3 week days and one weekend day), before and after the intervention period. Only the first and the last week of the intervention were taken into consideration for data analysis. In order to estimate energy intake (kcal • day -1 ), data were analyzed using Bilnut 2.
These calculations were based on Cohen's classification, and knowledge of the ES enabled the magnitude of the difference to be estimated (i. e. , trivial: ES<0. 2, small: 0. 2≤ES<0. 5, moderate: 0. 5≤ES<0. 8, or large: ES≥0. 8). In order to identify the most relevant associations, stepwise multiple regression was performed, while the correlation between leptin and other parameters was examined using Pearson's test. Statistical significance was set at p<0. 05, and all analyses were performed with SPSS (release 18. 0, Chicago, IL, USA). One-way ANOVA showed significant differences between the three groups in percentage changes (Table  4 ).
Background estimation Corrections to the normalization of tt and DY simulations are estimated by examining background enriched samples in data. A summary of the selection criteria for the signal search region and the control regions, including selections on the dilepton mass, is presented in Table 1. Diboson and single top quark production yield small contributions to the background and are estimated from simulation. In simulated tt sample, events are reweighted so that the p T of the top quark matches the data in a dedicated control sample  [52]. Table  1 : Summary of the selection criteria for the signal region and the control regions. Data in the control regions described as tt, DY normalization, and DY shape are used to estimate SM backgrounds in the signal region.
PCR-amplified fragments were analyzed with the QIAxcel Advanced System with QIAxcel DNA Fast Analysis cartridges (QIAGEN). PCR products were sent to Beckman Genomics (Takeley, United Kingdom) for bidirectional sequencing on ABI automatic sequencers (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA, USA). Consensus sequences and alignments were generated and checked with Bioedit version 7. 01. We carried out BLAST searches (MEGABLAST method) on the NCBI GenBank database (http://www. ncbi. nlm. gov/BLAST). The DNA results are shown for each species after the morphological descriptions. Additionally, all sequence data are available as Suppl. material 1 (FASTA format).
Acknowledgment The first author thanks  Ernesto Prado  for all his support;  Filiz Çalişkan ,  Alican Kurtuluş  and  Tair Uulu  from  Çukurova University  and  BPI Team from INRA-Institut Sophia Agrobiotech  for the help during the internship of VCPS in Turkey and France; to  Elisângela Caroline W Galzer  for the help during sample collections; and to CNPq for the scholarship of VCPS.
Invitations by email were sent to the following: (i) lead authors of 196 published COS studies in the Core Outcome Measures in Effectiveness Trials (COMET) database, with a request to also forward on the invitation to any methodologist involved; (ii) editors of 250 journals in which COS studies have been published and 70 journals involved with CoRe Outcomes in WomeN's health ([CROWN], http://www. crown-initiative. org/), an initiative endorsing the uptake of COS; (iii) potential users of COS who were (a) principal investigators of open phase III/IV trials, commercial or non-commercial, registered on clinicaltrials. gov (20% random sample from 8,449 registered trials) or (b) 76 Coordinating Editors from 53 Cochrane Review Groups; and (iv) 33 patient representatives from previous COMET workshops and the COMET Public and Patient Participation, Involvement and Engagement (PoPPIE) Working Group.