dataesr/scientific-paragraphs-categorization huggingface dataset:
Chlorophyll-a data were acquired from the MODIS-Aqua 8-daily dataset. Like SST, we computed the mean chlorophyll-a (In total six data spots with two units at one side, three units at the other side, spatial resolution is approximately 4 km per unit) containing the hydrophone stations of 96 km 2. Mean chlorophyll-a was calculated for each year and both seasons (December to May; June to November). One potential caveat is that the measurement of the chlorophylla was from the water surface, hence the data may not reflect krill density in deep water  (Branch et al. , 2007). SOI was downloaded from the BOM website where it was calculated using the pressure difference between Tahiti and Darwin. DMI was extracted from the NOAA Physical Sciences website, which was based on the HadISST1. 1 SST dataset.
Overall Trends and Interannual Difference in the Number of Chagos Whale Songs We assessed the number of Chagos whale songs detected within a total of 92,180. 8 hours of underwater hydroacoustic data from the DGN site and 143,406. 7 hours from the DGS site, over 598 and 828 eight-day periods, spanning across 13 and 18 years, respectively. In total, 486,320 Chagos songs were detected at the DGN site over 13 years and 837,640 Chagos songs were detected at the DGS site during the 18-year period. The average number of songs per hour was higher at the DGS site (5. 84 per hour) than at the DGN site (5. 27 per hour). Chagos song occurrence increased over time for both the DGN and DGS sites (Figure  2 ), although the rate was higher at the DGN compared to the DGS site. The lowest number of Chagos songs recorded was in 2008 at both sites, whereas the greatest number of songs was recorded in 2012 at the DGN site.
The greatest number of songs recorded at the DGS site was in 2017, although hydroacoustic data was not available for the DGN site this year. Seasonal variabilities were found at both sites in the 46 eightday periods across the study (18 years at the DGS and 13 years at the DGN) (Figure  3 ). The whale acoustic presence was different on the DGS and DGN sites throughout the mutual study period that whale songs were recorded at both sites between 2002 and 2014 (Wilcoxon rank sum test, test statistics = 122688, p-value = 0. 033). There was a seasonal influence in the number of whale song detections, as more whales were found at the DGN site in the warmer months (May to October), whereas in the cooler months, November to April, there were more whales at the DGS site.
METHODS TH-MYCN mice used in this study have been previously described. 21 Neuroblastoma samples for single-cell analyses were obtained from patients treated at Institut Curie. Surplus tissues obtained at diagnosis or relapse were processed immediately after receipt at the laboratory for molecular diagnosis (Unité de Génétique Somatique). Written informed consents for this study, including the analysis of surplus tumor tissue were obtained for all patients from parents or guardians. Out of the 10 studied patients (online supplemental table 1), 4 patients were enrolled in the MICCHADO study ( ClinicalTrials. gov identifier NCT03496402) and 4 patients in the MAPPYACTS trial ( ClinicalTrials. gov identifier NCT02613962), with 2 patients enrolled in both programs. The technical details of single-cell dissociation, scRNA-seq analysis, immunohistochemistry, FACS analysis, myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) isolation and T cell suppression assays are provided in online supplemental methods.
These observations are fully consistent with the aforementioned results of thehierarchical clustering. Finally, to validate MDSCs in patient microbiopsies by an independent method, we performed immunofluorescence experiments using antibodies against S100A8 and HLA-DRB1 proteins. These two markers allow to distinguish MDSCs (cluster 10) that express S100A8 but not HLA-DRB1 from monocytes (cluster 4) that express both markers (figure  3B  and online supplemental figure 7L). 35 43 As shown in figure  5F , S100A8 + HLA-DRB1 -cells were observed in several cases, in agreement with our single-cell RNA-seq data. Overall, our data identified a MDSCs population with high similarity between mouse and human neuroblastoma and revealed a high level of complexity in macrophage subsets from neuroblastoma consistently with recent data showing that macrophage subsets show species-specific patterns.
Similar cells purified from spleen of wild-type mice were used as a control. After 3 days of coculture, the proliferation of CFSElabeled CD8 + and CD4 + T cells was assessed by FACS. This analysis showed that myeloid cells of the two fractions (CD45 +CD11b + Ly6G + Ly6G low or CD45 +CD11b + Ly6G -Ly-6C high ) enriched from tumors significantly suppressed CD4 + and CD8 + T cell proliferation whereas the Open access same fractions from wild-type spleens had no effect (figure  6B, C ). Altogether, our transcriptomic, IHC, FACS and functional data characterized a population of MDSCs in the TH-MYCN neuroblastoma model that exhibit immunosuppressive activity as demonstrated by the inhibition of T cell proliferation ex vivo and the exhausted state of T lymphocytes. Our data highly suggest that the corresponding population identified in human neuroblastoma exhibits immunosuppressive functions, contributing with macrophages to the malignant phenotype.
DISCUSSION Our data, obtained by single-cell transcriptomics provide the first comprehensive analysis of mouse and human neuroblastoma microenvironment cells without any prior assumptions on surface markers. We could dissect the entire TME including endothelial cells, immune cells and CAFs, the identity of which could be unambiguously defined with canonical markers and signatures. Only one small cluster of the tumor mouse model (cluster 16) and one of the human TME (cluster 14) remained undefined. Importantly, our single-cell RNA-seq data of the mouse model, for which material can be easily obtained, were confirmed by FACS and IHC analyses for macrophages, T cells and MDSCs. Analysis of high-quality tumor material from young patients affected with cancer remains challenging. The parallel analysis of the TME of a mouse neuroblastoma model and a cohort of patients is one of the strength of our work and is particularly valuable to get insights into functional activity of some matched cell populations.
The MICCHADO protocol is supported by  PRT-K, Association Imagine for Margo, Kickcancer ,  Hubert Gouin-Enfance et Cancer, Fédération Enfants & Santé , and funding support by  BMS  and  Roche. High-throughput sequencing has been performed by the  ICGex NGS platform of the Institut Curie  supported by the grants  ANR-10-EQPX-03  ( Equipex ) and  ANR-10-INBS-09-08  ( France Génomique Consortium ) from the  Agence Nationale de la Recherche  (" Investissements d'Avenir" program ), by  ITMO Cancer Aviesan  (" Equipement pour la recherche en Cancérologie" program ) and by the  SiRIC-Curie program -SiRIC Grant  " INCa-DGOS-4654 ". G. S. is supported by the Annenberg foundation. We are grateful to the animal facilities team, the  Experimental Pathology Department , the  Cytometry Platform of Institut Curie  and  U900  colleagues for help with alignment of NGS data.
Ambient mRNA correction SoupX R package v1. 4. 5 (https://github. com/constantAmateur/SoupX) was used to estimate and correct for ambient mRNA contaminations in both mouse and patient tumors. First, depending on the expression profile of empty droplets (defined as droplets with UMI count <100), we selected, as recommended, either HBB/HBA or immunoglobulin genes (IGHA1, IGHA2, IGHG1, IGHG2, IGHG3, IGHG4, IGHD, IGHE, IGHM, IGLC1, IGLC2, GLC3, IGLC4, IGLC5, IGLC6, IGLC7, IGKC) as marker genes to estimate contamination fractions. When these genes were absent from the ambient profile (the top 100 covered genes), we used the automatic mode provided by SoupX to estimate contamination fractions and generate corrected expression matrices. Summary of analyses is shown in Supplementary Tables  5  and 6.
Cell type annotation Marker genes that define cell clusters were identified after differential expression analysis using Seurat "FindAllMarkers" function. Clusters were annotated by comparing their top marker genes to canonical cell type markers from the literature. Additional cell type annotation was performed using singleR v1. 0. 6 [4] which annotates cells against built-in references datasets. We used the Human Primary Cell Atlas [5] and data from the Immunological Genome Project [6] to annotate cells in the human and mouse micro-environment, respectively. BMJ Publishing Group Limited (BMJ) disclaims all liability and responsibility arising from any reliance Supplemental material placed on this supplemental material which has been supplied by the author(s).
Participants Participants living in France, Germany, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States were invited to participate in an online survey titled "Selection of political leaders during the COVID-19 crisis". Countries were selected due to access to online platform sampling and respective language competencies within the research team, with attention to ensuring country comparability in life expectancy, education, and gross national income per capita. According to the United Nations Development Programme (2019), these countries were each scored very high according to the human development index, and according to the gender inequality index were ranked France 8 th , Germany 20 th , Japan 24 th , United Kingdom 31 st , and United States 46 th. Data were collected between August 26 to October 1, 2020.
Participants who resided in mainland France, the United Kingdom, and the United States were recruited via recruitment platforms (Foule Factory, Prolific, and MTurk, respectively). One part of the Japanese sample was collected using the crowd work platform Yahoo! Crowdsourcing, the other part through snowball sampling. The German sample was exclusively collected through a snowball sampling method using various social media sites. Detailed descriptions of data collection and the samples for each country can be found in Appendix A. Participants were excluded if they did not give ethical approval (n = 18), and if they failed the comprehension (n = 25) or attention checks (n = 46). We also excluded participants who did not indicate their gender as female or male (n = 7) as the sample size was too small to create an independent group.
Measures Measures are listed here in the same order as given in the questionnaire, and were assessed by 7-point scales, coded -3 strongly disagree to 3 strongly agree, unless indicated otherwise. Only measures used in the data analyses are presented here. Additional measures included in the survey with an exploratory purpose can be found in Appendix C. The descriptive information provided comprises all participants (N = 1,259). Comprehension Check. After reading the report, participants had to select their comprehension of the content of the report from one of three options. The choices were "new discoveries in cancer treatment," "the effects of COVID-19", and "the consequences of climate change". Severity Rating. Participants indicated the level of crisis-severity perception for their own region with a single item for each one of the three crisis types (7-point scale from -3 not at all severe to 3 very severe; the health crisis, M = 0.
Analysis of the Main Hypotheses As stated, for our main hypotheses we focused only on participants who indicated a gender or minority status preference in the selection of a political representative. More specifically, we investigated factors impacting whether they preferred a female vs male representative, and those impacting whether they preferred a minority vs non-minority representative. To construct an appropriate pooled model for analysis of effects with data from all nations, in the first step we ran separate multiple regression models for each country. We modeled participant preference for female and minority leaders as a function of participant severity ratings of each crisis type (mean-centered) while controlling for gender, political leaning, and minority group membership (base model).
The use of multilevel modeling was considered, but the small number of countries and large number of model factors made the use of this approach inappropriate (e. g. ,  Arend & Schafer, 2019; Brzan & Jenkins, 2016; Hox, 1998; Maas & Hox, 2004). The two-step meta-analytical approach we apply is straightforward, relying on well-known procedures and familiar reporting of outcomes. It is reliable and suited for analyzing multi-country datasets with few level-2 units  (Liefbroer & Zoutewelle-Terovan, 2021). In the first step, we ran country-specific regressions using the parameters of the pooled variable model. Outcomes for each country are provided in Appendix D (for female preference) and Appendix E (for minority preference). In the second step, we conducted random-effect meta-analyses with the country-specific estimates of interest  (Liefbroer & Zoutewelle-Terovan, 2021).
ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT / CLEAN COPY found in Ramos-Fernandez et al. [20]. One observer (MBJ) collected all the data on a single and habituated group of free-ranging black-handed spider monkeys (Ateles geoffroyi), composed of 40 individuals (see Table  S1  in Supplementary material). Individuals were identified based on facial and genitalia markings and on pelage coloration. In this study we considered individuals as adults if they were at least five years old  [49, 50].
Data processing To evaluate if the changes in audience size and composition affected individual call rates, all observations were distributed into different time periods during which the composition of the studied subgroup remained stable. For example, if during an observation lasting 3 hours in total, a subgroup member left after 1 hour, two stable periods of time (one lasting 1 hour and a second one lasting 2 hours) were distinguished. For each such period of time, we counted the number of contact calls (per unit of observation time) emitted by each individual and listed the following associated characteristics of the audience: -Subgroup size: The total number of individuals present in the audience, that is the subgroup size of the caller minus 1; -Subgroup composition: "Alone" (i. e. single adult subject or mother with immature offspring; this was named "only-mother" when the study subject was an immature offspring knowing that immature individuals were never observed alone and never observed alone with mature males), "same-sex" (i.
We compared the null and full models using a likelihood ratio test (LRT) with the ANOVA function  [56]. We selected the full model as the final if the LRT was significant and only then performed Tukey post hoc comparisons. We used the lme4, visreg and multcomp packages  [57, 58]  in R (R Core Team 2016). ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT / CLEAN COPY 10 To test whether call rate varied with fission-fusion events (where periods were categorized into fusion only, fission only, both fission and fusion and stable) and whether call rate varied with changes in "audience sex composition" (one sex-one sex, one sex-both sexes, both sexes-one sexe, both sexesboth sexes), we conducted two general linear models (GLM) tests. In addition, we explored whether call rate varied before and after fission-fusion events or changes in "audience sex composition".
We used IBM SPSS Statistics (v. 25) to run the ANOVAs and LMM. The complete data set and the full statistical code have been deposited in the Figshare data repository at the following address: https://figshare. com/s/e97dc3930ce827dd103c. All field observations were in accordance with the ethical standards and legal requirements of the National Commission for Protected Areas in Mexico. Protocols were approved by the "Dirección General de Vida Silvestre" (SEMARNAT, permit #SGPA/DGVS/1405/15).
Acknowledgments. We are grateful to  R. I. M. Dunbar  and two anonymous reviewers for their comments and suggestions on a previous version of the manuscript. We thank the  Comisión Nacional de Áreas Naturales Protegidas of Mexico (CONANP)  and the  Environmental agency of Mexico (Dirección General de Vida Silvestre, SEMARNAT)  for the permission we received to work at the  Otoch Ma'ax Yetel Kooh  reserve. We are very grateful to the field assistants  Augusto ,  Eulogio  and  Macedonio Canul. We thank  Filippo Aureli ,  Colleen M. Schaffner  and  Laura G. Vick  for sharing the management of the long-term project at  Punta Laguna. Funding. MBJ received a postdoctoral fellowship from  CONACYT  (scholar number  220762 ), and  GRF  an  Exploration Grant  from  National Geographic  ( WW-R008-17 ) and support from  CONACYT   CF-2019-263958  and  DGAPA-PAPIIT IA200720.
X-ray diffraction Powder. X-ray powder diffraction patterns were acquired using a PANalytical X'Pert Pro diffractometer (Cu-Kα radiation). The patterns were scanned over the 2θ angular range 8-100°. For each sample, we performed Rietveld refinements (with the Fullprof software  25  ) to extract the structural parameters. Single crystals. On the basis of their shape, several small (<40 × 40 × 10 µm 3 ) single crystals were selected in the fluorinated samples upon the breaking of larger crystals. Data collection was performed using a Bruker Kappa Apex II diffractometer (Mo radiation) at room temperature. After the cell orientation-matrix searching procedure, data collection was performed at room temperature on the single crystals with the best quality of the intensity spots. Numerical absorption correction using the shape of the crystal (face indexed with the help of the video microscope) was made with SADABS-2014/5 software.
All refinements were performed with the Jana2006 program package  26. The structure was refined with the space group P4/nmm starting from the positions of the pristine compound LaFe-SiH with F replacing H at the 0. 25, 0. 75, 0. 5 position. Details of data collections and structure refinement can be found in the crystallographic information file (CIF) deposited in the Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre with Deposition Number CSD 2051682-2051686. All structural parameters are given in Supplementary Tables  1  and 2. Fluorine content determination for the larger crystals was obtained from the linear relationship unveiled between the c-axis parameter and the F content when refining the small crystals. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. XPS surface analysis were performed using a Thermo-Fisher Scientific K-ALPHA spectrometer with a monochromatized Al Kα source (hν = 1486.
For ZFC measurement, the sample is first cooled at zero magnetic field down to the lowest temperature 1. 8 K. A magnetic field is then applied (along the c-axis in the cases of single crystals), and the magnetization of the sample is measured, either in a fixed magnetic field with increasing temperature (χ(T) measurements), or at a fixed temperature with increasing magnetic field (M(B) measurements). The magnetic susceptibility data have been corrected for the demagnetizing factor. Electrical measurements. The electrical transport properties were measured over a wide range of temperatures and magnetic fields up to 9T using a physical properties measurement system (PPMS, Quantum Design, using the resistivity option for compacted powders and the AC transport option for single crystals). Powder samples were compacted into 1 mm thick and 3 mm diameter pellets.
Acknowledgements J-B. V. , F. B. , A. C. , and S. T. were funded by the  French Agence Nationale de la Recherche  with the  IRONMAN  project ( ANR-18-CE30-0018-02 ) and S. T. and B. V. were funded by  Quantum Matter Bordeaux. Authors thanks  S. Buffière  and  F. Weill  for their help with EDS and electron microscopy measurements.
(2020); Semedo et al. (2021). Full-scan mass spectra were acquired from m/z 350 to 1800 with a resolution of 60,000. The 20 most abundant precursor ions in each scan cycle were sequentially subjected to fragmentation through high-energy collisional dissociation. MS/MS scanning was initiated when the AGC target reached 105 ions with a threshold intensity of 17, 000 and potential charge states of 2+ and 3+ after ion selection was performed with a dynamic exclusion of 10 s. The instrument resolution for the MS/MS scans was set at 15,000. A reference database from C. canephora  (Denoeud et al. , 2014 ) containing 25,574 polypeptide sequences totaling 10,251,572 residues was downloaded from Genoscope (http://coffee-genome. org/sites/co ffee-genome. org/files/download/coffea_cds. fna. gz) on July 1st , 2019, and used for protein inference with the MASCOT Daemon 2.
6. 1 algorithm. All peptide matches with a MASCOT peptide score below a p-value of 0. 05 were filtered and assigned to a protein according to the principle of parsimony. Only proteins with at least two peptides were retained in the present study. In this condition, the false discovery rate (FDR) assessed with the corresponding reversed decoy database search was less than 1% at the protein identification level. Peptide-to-spectrum matches (PSMs) were counted for each protein for label-free quantification (spectral counting). To improve our understanding of plant responses to drought and/or eCO 2 conditions and relate these results with physiological and biochemical data associated with the photosynthetic apparatus, a targeted approach was followed by studying the abundance changes of a set of 23 proteins associated with drought response, namely, from antioxidative and energy pathway levels (Table  1 ).
Study Design EARLYSTIM-SPEECH, an ancillary study of the EARLYSTIM trial (ClinicalTrials. gov number: NCT00354133), was conducted between July 2006 and March 2012. It was based on a standard, parallelgroup design STN-DBS versus BMT; followed the CONSORT statements (Fig. 1 )  11  ; and was in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. 12 EARLYSTIM was approved by the local ethical committee for each of the 15 participating centers (seven in Germany: Berlin, Cologne, Düsseldorf, Freiburg, Kassel, Kiel, and Tübingen; eight in France: Grenoble, Lyon, Marseille, Nantes, Toulouse, Paris, Poitiers, and Rouen), with patients providing written informed consent before randomization. PD patients at an early disease stage with fluctuations or dyskinesia for less than 4 years were randomized to STN-DBS plus BMT or BMT alone in the EARLYSTIM trial.
43. Follett KA, Weaver FM, Stern M, et al. Pallidal versus subthalamic deep-brain stimulation for Parkinson's disease. N Engl J Med 2010; 362(22):2077-2091. https://doi. org/10. 1056/NEJMoa0907083 44. Rusz J, Tykalova T, Ramig LO, Tripoliti E. Guidelines for speech recording and acoustic analyses in Dysarthrias of movement disorders. Mov Disord 2021;36(4):803-814. https://doi. org/10. 1002/mds. 28465 Supporting Data Additional Supporting Information may be found in the online version of this article at the publisher's web-site. Downloaded from https://movementdisorders. onlinelibrary. wiley. com/doi/10. 1002/mds. 29282 by Readcube (Labtiva Inc. ), Wiley Online Library on [20/12/2022]. See the Terms and Conditions (https://onlinelibrary. wiley. com/terms-and-conditions) on Wiley Online Library for rules of use; OA articles are governed by the applicable Creative Commons License.
Acknowledgments: We acknowledge the substantial contribution of  Val Stoker (Medtronic)  to the organization of the EARLYSTIM trial and the EARLYSTIM-SPEECH ancillary study. We thank all patients who participated, monitors, and project managers, study nurses charged with the recordings and documentations. We also thank  L. Jankowski  and  A. Purson  for their helpful assistance in French speech data labeling and preprocessing and BA students  E. Jäger ,  M. Meiners , and  S. Martin  for organizing the German assessment of the intelligibility. Open Access funding enabled and organized by Projekt DEAL.