dataesr/scientific-paragraphs-categorization huggingface dataset:
The ICP-MS analysis also revealed a positive effect of σ S on the cell-associated concentration of magnesium. In contrast to Mn 2+ that can be transported by transport systems for other cations  [41] , the chemical properties of Mg 2+ suggest that proteins mediating Mg 2+ transport have unusual properties  [42, 43]. Salmonella imports magnesium via three known transporters, MgtA and MgtB produced under conditions of magnesium starvation and CorA, expressed under various growth conditions and able to perform Mg 2+ import and efflux  [43] [44] [45] [46]. In our global transcriptomic analysis in LB, the mgtA and mgtB genes were expressed to similar and very low levels in the wild-type and ΔrpoS strains  [5] , likely because the magnesium concentration in LB is high enough (S1 Dataset) to prevent activation of these genes by the PhoP-PhoQ system  [43, 44].
Some of the corresponding genes were down regulated in the ΔrpoS mutant in our global analyses  [5, 7]  and this σ S control was validated by using transcriptional lacZ fusions in these genes (ycgO, trkA, trkD, KdpA, kefF, kefB,  Fig 6). Consistent with a role of σ S in potassium homeostasis, it has been suggested that the small σ S -dependent protein YgaU/Kbp  [5, 7]  is a cytoplasmic K + sensor regulating potassium homeostasis in E. coli  [52]. In addition, K + stimulates σ S activity  [1, 53]. In contrast to the other cations, cobalt was accumulated in the ΔrpoS mutant compared to the wild-type strain (Fig  5 ). Cobalt is a trace metal in extracellular media  [54] [55] [56]  including LB (S1 Dataset). In Salmonella, the cbiMNQO operon, located amongst the vitamin B12 biosynthesis genes, encodes a high affinity cobalt uptake system  [54, 55, 57].
Transport systems for other metals, such as CorA, can also import cobalt  [54, 55, 57]  but are likely inefficient in LB where cobalt concentration is low (S1 Dataset). In our global proteomics profiling experiments  [7] , we noticed that the ATP-binding protein CbiO showed increased abundance in the ΔrpoS mutant of Salmonella, compared to the wild-type strain. The negative effect of σ S on the CbiO relative protein levels was confirmed by using a translational cbiO-lacZ fusion (Fig  6 ). Two genes are annotated as putative efflux systems for cobalt in ATCC14028, STM14_0882/ybgR that encodes a zinc exporter ZitB  [58]  and STM14_3652/yohM/rcnA encoding an efflux protein for cobalt and nickel in E. coli  [59, 60]. Transcriptional lacZ fusions in both genes were positively controlled by σ S (Fig  6 ).
S1 Fig. Relative expression levels of sRNA genes in Salmonella wild-type and mutants. Heatmaps were recovered from the Salmonella SalCom database (http://bioinf. gen. tcd. ie/cgibin/salcom. pl?header_rotation=45;query=prpB;db=SalComRegulon_HL). As mentioned in Colgan et al. [8] , "strains were grown either in Lennox broth to OD600 0. 1 (EEP), 0. 3 (MEP), 1. 0 (LEP) 2. 0 (ESP) and 2. 0 + 6 h (LSP) or in the InSPI2 condition (slightly acidic pH and limitation of inorganic phosphate) which mimics aspects of the intra-macrophage conditions and.
Efficacy of antihypertensive treatment In the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension trial, dietary sodium restriction induced a pronounced BP reduction only in females. 149 tructured aerobic exercise therapy reduced BP more in males than in females in a meta-analysis of 93 trials. 150 ex differences in drug effects on BP are well described. 35 In particular, females have enhanced BP reduction from treatment with BB and CCB. 35 Studies on prescription of antihypertensive drugs have documented that females are more often prescribed diuretics and males more often ACEI. 151, 152 The Stockholm regional database including prescriptions to 292 428 subjects, found that prescription of diuretics and BB increased while prescription of ACEI, angiotensin receptors blockers (ARBs) and CCB decreased with aging in both sexes.
170 Typically, these females had lower socioeconomic status and used more than three antihypertensive drugs, both factors associated with drug non-adherence in previous research. 171 In the Swedish Primary Care CV Database, BP control was not achieved to the same  Box 5 Key messages on sex-differences in the effect of antihypertensive treatment • Sex-differences in efficacy and adverse effects of antihypertensive drugs are well described. These differences should be better communicated to health care providers to promote optimal antihypertensive drug treatment. • In general, males treated for hypertension achieve better BP control than females. Future research should target underlying causes for this difference, including patient related factors, health care related factors, socio-demographic factors and drug related factors to provide sex-specific advice for optimalization of antihypertensive drug therapy.
The fraction corresponding to the cNL-eLF conjugate was concentrated by centrifugal filtration and was treated by EDTA 10 mM for min at room temperature to remove trace amounts of iron and, finally, concentrated by filtration/centrifugation again for buffer exchange with 10 mM Tris-HCl buffer, pH 7. 4, containing 40 mM NaCl and 0. 05% Tween 20 and concentrated to a volume of 50 μL. The concentration, amount, and purity degree of the conjugate were determined with proFIRE® software. Prior to biosensor analyses, the conjugate was diluted in the Tris-HCl buffer to a final concentration of 200 nM and a volume of 25 μL was injected into a chosen channel of the chip. For FPS measurements, serial dilutions of each kind of metal ion dissolved in Tris-HCl buffer at 100 μM were injected into the channel at flow rate of 50 μL/min for 2 min (association kinetics), then Tris-HCl buffer was injected at the same flow-rate (dissociation kinetics) and the real-time measurements were recorded at 25 • C.
1. Real-time switchSENSE® analysis of molecular interaction between equine lactoferrin (LF) immobilized on DNA nanolever (ligand) and various metal ions (analytes M 2+ ). A control was performed without the ligand. When some metal ions generated a quenching of fluorescence in the case of the control, the data (expressed as normalized fluorescence) were subtracted of the raw data obtained in the presence of the ligand. subtracted from the curves determined with the ligand. In the case of calcium, a blank was performed with a buffer free of calcium chloride and subtracted from the raw data to normalize the signal (Fig. 5 ). The affinity of eLF for the metal ions was investigated by determining the dissociation constant K D = k off /k on. In the case of the association (chelation), the k on value was dependent of the concentration C of the analyte and was deduced from the association constant observed, k obs , with k obs = C.
Methods Patients with OCA4 were retrospectively included. The diagnosis of OCA4 was confirmed when molecular analyses identified pathogenic variants in SLC45A2 by nextgeneration sequencing (NGS) using a panel of genes involved in syndromic and nonsyndromic albinism (TYR, OCA2, TYRP1, SLC45A2, SLC24A5, C10orf11, DCT, GPR143, HPS1 to HPS11, CHS1). Genetic, dermatological, and ophthalmological data were collected. Informed consent was obtained from each patient or their legal representatives when minor. The local ethics committee of the University Hospital of Bordeaux and the University Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, France, approved the study.
We also monitored that NP-induced ROS generation was canceled in 1C11 cells silenced for PrP C expression (Fig. 4c ), supporting corruption of PrP C coupling to NADPH oxidase by TiO 2 -and CB-NPs. Finally, we probed whether the elevation of ROS level induced by nanoparticles in 1C11 and 1C11 5-HT cells would be associated with the onset of oxidative stress conditions by measuring the level of reduced glutathione (GSH) using the CellTracker Green CMFDA fluoroprobe. Whatever the time of exposure (6 or 24 h), treatment of 1C11 or 1C11 5-HT cells with TiO 2 -or CB-NPs (1 µg cm -2 ) did not impact the GSH level (Fig. 4d ), indicating that such conditions of exposure to TiO 2 -or CB-NPs do not promote oxidative stress in 1C11 precursor cells and their serotonergic neuronal derivatives. As a whole, these data show that acute exposure to TiO 2 -and CB-NPs provokes PrP C -dependent activation of NADPH oxidase and transient ROS accumulation, which modifies the cell redox status without eliciting oxidative stress conditions in the 1C11 cell line.
For other NPs concentrations, the hydrodynamic diameter was measured with a Vasco Kin ™ particle size analyzer (Cordouan Technology, Pessac, France) in combination with the software NanoKin (V2. 3. 3. 0). The following Vasco Kin Particle Size Analyzer parameters were chosen: temperature (22 °C or 37 °C), laser power (between 70 and 80%), acquisition mode (continuous), and analysis mode (Cumulants). The scattering angle was 170°. Each measurement was performed in triplicate (Additional files 1 and 2: Table  S1  and Fig. S1 ).
Flow cytometry 1C11 or PrP null -1C11 cells were trypsinized, rinsed with cold PBS, and exposed to nanoparticles for 15 min on ice, with 0. 1% sodium azide to prevent internalization of nanoparticles. After centrifugation for 5 min at 1200 g (4 °C), cells were fixed in 3. 6% paraformaldehyde-PBS solution for 15 min, and then washed twice with cold PBS. Cells were analyzed using Amnis ImageStream x platform (Amnis, Proteigene, Saint Marcel, France) and Inspire ™ system software (Amnis). Camera magnification was 40×. 785 nm excitation laser was at 0. 03 mW. The images were acquired with a normal depth of field, providing a cross-sectional image of the cell with a 4 μm depth of focus. A mask representing the whole cell was defined by the bright-field image, and an internal mask was defined by eroding the whole cell mask by 6 pixels (equivalent to 3 μm, as the size of 1 pixel is 0.
For all images, out-of-focus haze was reduced by digital deconvolution of sets of 16 serial optical sections recorded at 0. 3 µm intervals using the Adaptative Blind Deconvolution in the program Autoquant X (Meyer Instruments, Houston, TX, USA). All pixel values in each focal plane were then summed along z-axis to obtain the final image. Deconvoluted images were subjected to image analysis with the AQUA software  [71].
Statistic analyses Protein and mRNA levels were quantified using NIH ImageJ software (https:// imagej. nih. gov/ ij/). For experiments with two groups, Student's t test was used for unpaired samples. For experiments with 3 or more groups, one-way ANOVA test followed by Dunnett's or Tukey's post hoc test were used for independent samples, when comparing the means to control or the means between them, respectively. Error bars on all graphs represent the S. E. M. A p-value < 0. 05% was considered significant (sample sizes and p values are indicated in figure legends).
Acknowledgements Imaging experiments, mRNA/protein studies, and DLS analyses were performed at the SCM, Cyto2BM, and AMS core facilities, respectively, of  BioMedTech Facilities  INSERM  US36/CNRS UMS2009 / Université Paris Cité. We acknowledge the  ImagoSeine core facility  of the  Institut Jacques Monod , member of the  France BioImaging  ( ANR-10-INBS-04 ) and the support of the  Region Île-de-France  ( E539 ). The authors thank the members of the "Plateforme anatomopathologie recherche,  Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de recherche en cancérologie de Lyon (CRCL)" , for their excellent histotechnical assistance.
Study Design and Patients Cohort We performed a retrospective single-center study that enrolled consecutive solid cancer adult patients requiring an unplanned admission to a 24 bed medical ICU over a 14 year period (2007-2020). Post-operative management is usually provided by an independent surgical ICU. Exclusion criteria included patients who were admitted to secure a procedure and planned admission after elective surgery. Some data related to this cohort were previously reported elsewhere  [2, 17].
Data Collection The following data related to the underlying malignancy were collected: date of diagnosis, primary tumor site, staging (localized, advanced, metastatic), oncological status according to RECIST (newly diagnosed within one month before ICU admission, partial remission including stable disease, complete remission, progression), and antitumoral treatment within the last three months (cytostatic chemotherapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy, radiotherapy, surgery). Concerning functional and nutritional status, we collected the following clinical and biological variables: performance status prior to the current acute complication and during the preceding six months, BMI [weight (kg)/height (m) 2 ] at ICU admission, weight variations within the preceding six months, and albumin and prealbumin levels at ICU admission and in the preceding six months.
Extract characterization High-Pressure Liquid Chromatography coupled to Mass Spectrometry (HPLC-MS) (Thermo Scientific Dionex U3000, Les Ulis, France) analysis was carried out to identify the molecules content of the extract. The separation was operated using a phenyl-hexyl column (X select CSH) (4. 6 * 250 mm, 5 µm). Two systems of solvents were used as a mobile phase; (A) MeCN /H 2 O/ HCOOH (50/49. 95/0. 05, v/v/v) and (B) H 2 O/ HCOOH (99. 9/0. 1, v/v). The gradient of solvent was starting from 15% of (A) and increases to 72% during 15 min, then isocratic at 72% of (A) during 13 min, from 72% to 30% of (A) during 5 min, from 30% to 20% of (A) during 2 min, and finally from 20% to 15% of (A) during 10 min. The MS data were recorded in the negative ionization mode using the following operating conditions: curtain gas 50 psi, ion spery voltage 3 kV, cone voltage 50 V, Q energy 70 V, and desolvation temperature 500 • C.
Histopathological evaluation The wound sections of 5 µm were dewaxed and rehydrated, then stained with hematoxylin and eosin and observed by a light microscope (Olympus Corporation, Tokyo, Japan)  [28]. Five photomicrographs per sample were taken (Magnification, × 100 and × 400) from five microscopic fields for digital histopathological analysis using the software (Image J 1. 48v software). The parameters examined in the histopathologic sections were; inflammatory infiltration of cells, fibrin deposition, epithelialization, neovascularization, and collagen organization.
Histopathological examination In this study, the re-epithelization, collagen formation, revascularization, fibroblast organization, and inflammatory cells infiltration in wound tissues were assessed using hematoxylin and eosin-stained sections. The micrographic sections of the wound, on day 14 after the injury, are shown in Fig. 5  and their histopathological data are summarized in Table  2. Histopathological results of the negative control group and the PDL 5 treated group indicated that the incision site had not yet been completely restored and the re-epithelization was imperfect. As well, immature fibroblasts have been developed in the dermis of these rats. The collagen fibers recently formed were unarranged with the presence of a necrotic region responsible for inflammatory cell infiltration.
Behavioural experiments All the behavioural experiments were filmed to keep track of all tests (camera JVC Quad-Proof ). We used the videos to record behaviour during the preference tests. Behaviour during the habituation/generalisation tests was live scored by an observer positioned 2 m away from the apparatus. The camera setup was placed before the start of any experiment. Data were recorded with the software Observer 5. 0. 31  (Noldus, 1991). Fig. 4. Soiled bedding collection. The same quantity of fresh bedding was provided to all mice (NC and CC genotypes, see text) every 2 weeks and the soiled bedding was collected at week 13 (T0), at week 15 (T2) and at week 25 (T12) and kept in a plastic bag at -20°C. The mice diet was supplemented with antibiotic from the age of 13 weeks and for 12 weeks.
25 mm×0. 25 µm film thickness, Macherey-Nagel, Düren, Germany). Helium was used as carrier gas (1 ml min -1 ). The oven temperature was maintained at 40°C for 2 min, after which the temperature increased by 5°C every minute until it reached 175°C, and by 12°C min -1 until it reached 220°C. Injection of the SPME fibre in the GC for desorption was done while the injector was at 250°C. The chromatograms were analysed with the resident software (GCMS Solution, Shimadzu, Kyoto, Japan). We used the peak retention times (RT) and mass spectra to identify a compound. RT were then transformed into retention time indices (RI), using as a reference the retention time of a series of nalkanes, that were injected in the same GC-MS (Alkanes standard solution, 04070, Sigma-Aldrich). Final identification of compounds was based on comparison with those in mass spectrum databases  (NIST 2007, Wiley Registry Ninth)  and RI available compounds databases (e.
g. Adams, 2007, Pubchem, https://pubchem. ncbi. nlm. nih. gov/). Compounds that were present both in the technical controls (clean bedding) and in our studied samples (stimuli) were considered as potential pollutants and were excluded from the analyses. Compounds present as very small peaks and in a very small number of samples [three compounds: unknown compound 2; (x)-2,4,4-trimethyl-Pent-2-enal; 3,6,6-trimethyl-2-Norpinanone] were also excluded from the analysis. For the other compounds, we calculated their peak area on the total ion current chromatogram (TICC). Compounds present in the form of traces were given an arbitrary area value corresponding to 10% of the area of the smallest peak present in our dataset. Peak area for all compounds were then summed up per individual, and a relative surface area was calculated as the surface area of a given compound divided by the sum of all compounds for a given individual.
VOC study In order to compare VOC composition of CC and NC stimuli at each of the experimental conditions (T0, T2, T12) we used a multivariate approach [redundancy analysis, RDA, followed by a permutation F test (Hervé et al. , 2018) R package vegan]. For this, relative proportions of VOC identified in the stimuli were first transformed using the Centred Log-Ratio transformation. As our data included zeroes, a constant value being one order of magnitude smaller than the smallest non-zero value (i. e. 0. 001) was added to the entire data set. Then the data were autoscaled following the method proposed by  Hervé et al. (2018). Three different pools of soiled bedding per health status were involved in the behavioural tests and this variable was included in the RDA as a fixed factor (three modalities) together with health status (two modalities).
This work therefore proposes a new approach to the optimal period for growing quinoa in the region of Ouargla and Oued Righ to avoid extreme heat. Based on meteorological data (monthly mean temperature-MMT) provided by CRU-TS4. 03  [84]  downscaled with World Clim2. 1  [85] , over a period of 28 years (1990-2018) we produced 12 maps to assess the monthly climate risk of high temperatures in the two Saharan regions of Ouargla and Oued Righ using ArcGis10. 9 software (ESRI-France: 92195 Meudon, France). Based on previous studies, it appeared essential to represent the distribution of the maximum average temperature over the entire year in the study area (Ouargla and Oued Righ region) in order to identify the appropriate period for quinoa cultivation in these regions outside the risk periods (Figure  10 ).
Sample size Several studies carried out in Africa have reported that the proportion of women who received a third dose of IPTp-SP was around 35%  [8]. In Burkina Faso, data from the Ministry of Health showed that 68. 6% of pregnant women received at least 2 doses of IPTp-SP in 2014 (one year before the start of our study). We therefore assumed at 30% the proportion of pregnant women who will receive at least 3 doses of IPTp-SP in a routine situation, and this proportion would increase by at least 60% (an increase from 30% to 48%) in a context of use of the mobile phone to relaunch appointments for ANC visits. Under these assumptions, 230 pregnant women (115 per arm) were sufficient to observe the difference of 18% (48% -30%) due to the intervention with a power of 80% and a margin of error of 5%.
Procedures and data collection At the inclusion, demographic and socio-economic characteristics were collected and recorded in a standardized case report form (CRF). Medical history including the obstetric history and chronic conditions was also collected. Physical and obstetrical examination were performed. IPTp-SP was administered to pregnant women with a gestational age > 13 weeks. Blood sample by finger prick was collected at inclusion and at delivery for malaria parasitaemia and haemoglobin concentration determination. At delivery, the new-born was examined, and the Ballard's score assessed to determine the gestational age. A home visit was conducted within a week to women who delivered outside the health facility.
Statistical analysis Data were managed with Microsoft Access 2013 and analysed with STATA software version 13. 0 (Stata Corp, College Station, TX). Analyses were performed according to the intention-to-treat population. We first describe the general characteristics of the study population. After then, univariate and multivariate logistic regressions were performed to evaluate the impact of the intervention. Because of the hierarchical structure of the data, we used generalised estimating equations to take into account for within-sites correlation. Results were expressed as odds ratios (ORs) for primary and secondary outcomes with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). The statistical significance was set at 5%.
Results A total of 1,569 pregnant women were screened. Of which, 248 were enrolled and data of 26 women were analysed (Figure  1 ). At enrolment, the mean age of the study participants was 26. 2 years, (SD ± 6. 3) and 45. 8% (99/216) pregnant women with a gestational age < 16 weeks attended the first ANC visit. The study participants' general characteristics were similar between the study groups (Table  1 ). The overall proportion of women who received at least three doses of IPTp-SP (the study primary endpoint) was 54. 6 % (118/216). The proportion of pregnant women who received at least three doses of IPTp-SP in the intervention group (54. 1%, 59/109) was not different from that observed in the control group (55. 1%, 59/107) (adjusted Odds Ratio; aOR: 0. 86; 95% CI: [0. 49 -1. 51]). There was no significant difference between women who attended four ANC visits between the two groups: 93.
In line with the study conducted in Zanzibar  [19] , we showed that the use of the mobile phones was associated with regular and timely attendance to ANC visits. The proportion of women who timely attend their ANC visits was higher in the intervention group than in the control group. A crosssectional analysis performed on data of 4,494 mothers included in the Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey showed that women who use mobile phones are more likely to use ANC and professional delivery services than those who do not  [21]. The women may have used their own cell phones during the survey; however, studies found an association between mobile phones ownership and high socioeconomic level  [22] , which in turn affects women's ability to use health services  [23]. The use of a mHealth intervention has been shown as a cost-effective strategy to promote prenatal health  [18, [24] [25] [26] [27].