dataesr/scientific-paragraphs-categorization huggingface dataset:
Acknowledgements We would like to acknowledge the contribution of others to this study, including our many survey and in-depth interview participants across the world who participated while in the midst of responding to a crisis. Transcription support was provided by  Denise Palomio ,  Gemma Villa ,  Anna-Sofia Birgit Lehner ,  Fanny Harter  and  Marieke van Nuenen. The MSF Mental Health Working Group provided technical oversight and review of this study, is comprised of members from MSF's five operational centers, and includes  Ana Marques ,  Ana-Maria Tijerino ,  Anneli Droste ,  Carolina Echeverri ,  Nadja Fredj ,  Raghda Sleit ,  Sylvie Fagard Sultan.
5. ☐ 5 Please choose the three most time-consuming steps during the implementation of tele-MH. Logistical implementation of tele-MH infrastructure ☐ Promotion of the new teleservices within the community ☐ Training to staff ☐ Protocol drafting ☐ Data collection (including the adaptation of clinical files and database) ☐ Reorganization of team accountabilities and internal referral system ☐ Reorganization of external referral system ☐ Other:.
-Pupil diameter covaries with supplementary eye field CBV at short time scale We wished to investigate the relationship between pupil diameter and brain activity without any a priori choice concerning the activated area. To map those areas, we applied the generalized linear model (GLM) to the fUS data using pupil diameter as the input matrix. In total, 600 trials were used for these analyses. Each trial is separated from one another by a random interval of 3 to 4 s, this jitter allowing avoidance of monkey anticipation between trials. We constructed the input matrix by realigning all pupil diameters with the target presentation time using the peak value of the pupil diameter during the presentation stage. Indeed, the pupil diameter was higher for the first trials (in blue in Fig 2A  -2E ) than for the last (in red in Fig 2A  -2E ).
Animal model and behavioral data All experimental procedures were designed in association with the veterinarians of the ICM Brain and Spine Institute, approved by the Regional Ethical Committee for Animal Experiment (CREEA IDF n˚3, agreement number A-75-13-19; Ministère de l'Education, de l'Enseignement Superieur et de la Recherche under the project reference APAFIS #6355-2016080911065046), and performed in compliance with the European Community Council Directives (86/609/EEC). Functional data were acquired from 2 captive-born rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta), S and G, trained to perform various types of visual tasks. In the saccade task, the animal has to fix its gaze on the cue object presented on the right or left side of the screen; in the antisaccade task, it has to fix its gaze on the opposite side from where the cue appeared.
Eye movements and pupil recordings Eye movements and pupil diameter were recorded during the tasks using a video eye tracker (Eyelink 1k, SR-Research) connected to an analog-to-digital converter (PlexonAU : PerPLOSstyle; dono , Texas, USA). All data were collected using Plexon software and analyzed using MATLAB (MathWorks, Massachusetts, USA). Saccades were detected when the eye's horizontal velocity went over 30˚s -1.
Data processing Generalized linear model. Doppler data were analyzed using a GLM approach implemented in Matlab. The stimulation pattern in the design matrix was convoluted with the fUSdetermined HRF and a Z-score and CBV change map were obtained. The activation maps show the Z-score of all pixels in the images with a p-value < 0. 05 (before Bonferroni correction). We chose the region of interest (ROI) within the SEF based on the Z-score map and Paxinos atlas for macaque brains and the signal was averaged to obtain a single temporal signal. The spatially averaged signal was then expressed as the relative increase in CBV (in percent) by subtracting the baseline CBV (calculated during the baseline at the beginning of an acquisition) normalized to the baseline CBV. Determination of the pupil diameter.
The pupil diameter was expressed in percent by subtracting the baseline value and then dividing the difference by the baseline value (in which we excluded all blinks and moments in which the eyes were closed). We then determined the maximum dilation diameter following a task by realigning the pupil diameter at the onset of the cue presentation. We chose the first local maximum of the pupil diameter (0. 8 s after target onset for Monkey S and 0. 6 s after target onset for Monkey G) to extract the pupil diameter for the ith trial. Fitting of the hemodynamic response. The hemodynamic response was determined by averaging the CBV response of all trials and fitting the average by an inverse-gamma probability distribution using MATLAB lsqcurvefit (Optimization Toolbox) algorithm for least square nonlinear fitting, as previously described by other authors  [51].
Statistical analysis of the hemodynamic responses. Statistical analysis between 2 groups was performed using the Wilcoxon rank test, due to the non-normality of our data, using the Matlab ranksum function, the null hypothesis being no statistical difference between the 2 groups. If more than 2 groups were available and the data hierarchically organized, we used a linear mixed statistical model. Data was homogenized using a square root transformation and the variance of homogeneity assessed using the Bartlett test and residual normality the Shapiro-Wilk test.
Acknowledgments PartAU : PerPLOSstyle; recognitionofreviewersoreditorsisnotallowedintheAcknowledgmentssection:He of this work was carried out on the Phenoparc core facility of ICM. We gratefully acknowledge  Morgane Weissenburger  and  Estelle Chavret-Reculon  for the day to day management of the animal facility and Benedicte Daboval and  Lucile Aubre  ´e for the veterinary care.
Funding: MT is PI of a research grant from the  European Research Council (ERC)  under the European Union's  Seventh Framework Program  (FP7/2007-2013)/ ERC  Advanced grant agreement no. 339244-FUSIMAGINE. MT is granted by the  Fondation Bettencourt-Schueller. MT and TD are also supported by the  Inserm Accelerator of Technological Research in Biomedical Ultrasound. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
8 million inhabitants), which already has a network of specialized professionals through a long-established regional network. This will measure the improvement from the Continuing Medical Education (CME) program as part of the experiment. The analysis will cover knowledge regarding all NDD, with a special focus on ADHD, using the same structure of questionnaire as previously used in 1997-1998 for ASD, at the request of the French National Court of Auditors: Cour des Comptes (50). ADHD information will also be part of the initial data for a new national analysis planned by HAS in the coming year. A second evaluation will be conducted by a group of associations representing the families involved. A proposition was made to five of these, all acting at the regional level either directly or through their local branches: FFDys and locally Apedys MP, Association Avenir Dysphasie Midi Pyrenées, DFD 31, DMF 34, and HyperSuper, representing different areas and disorders.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We gratefully acknowledge all participants in this exciting opportunity that was given to local professionals to look for solutions to both organisational and funding obstacles, together with the support of the representatives of the family associations:  Apedys Midi Pyrénées ,  DMF34  and  DFD31. We also received considerable support from the  deputies in the French National Assembly  who we met, and who became involved in the promotion of the project at the national level:  Mrs. Monique Iborra MP ,  Mr. Bernard Sempastous MP ,  Mrs. Elisabeth Toutut-Picard MP ,  Mrs. Marie Christine Verdier-Jouclas MP , and  Mrs. Corinne Vignon MP  (in alphabetical order). We are also deeply indebted to  Mrs. Claire Compagnon  and  Mrs. Delphine Corlay , from the  Interministerial Delegation  for the National Strategy on Autism among  NDD (Délégation Interministérielle à la stratégie nationale pour l'autisme au sein des troubles du neurodéveloppement ) for advice and help.
The lack of physical face-to face interaction, together with the complexity of different cultures, languages, times zones and ways of working in a virtual environment, led us to develop the following research question: How do different cultures present in GDTs interact in virtual contexts and stimulate work collaboration? To answer this question, we examine the development by GDTs of Volvo's first medium-sized heavy-duty truck: the Volvo VM. In 2000, AB Volvo and Renault VI agreed to join forces to produce heavy-duty trucks for the European, North American and other markets. While the top management teams of Volvo Group in Sweden and Renault Trucks in France discussed a synergy strategy for the effective implementation of the global merger, Volvo do Brasil (VdB) saw an opportunity to enter the Brazilian market for medium-sized trucks.
Research design This research is based on qualitative data gathered during a field study conducted at Volvo's sites at Curitiba in Brazil, Gothenburg in Sweden and Lyon in France. We collected data from documentation concerning the development of the VM truck over the period 2000-2003, combined with semi-structured interviews and observation of the VM team members in different situations, including in workshops and during the research. We started by tracing and understanding the longitudinal documented information before triangulating it with data from semi-structured interviews.
Data collection Using a GDT configuration requires the development of 'global products', which in this context means creating a truck that can be sold in two or more countries. Teams are formed with the objective of complementing local market expertise with knowledge from other countries. We used documentary analysis, semi-structured interviews and observations to enable data triangulation (see Table  1 ). Together, these three types of data generated a rich data set that allowed us to construct our case study of Volvo VM. Indeed, we found references to this specific project in all three types of data. We first separated all the data-related references before analysing them. Data were collected during 20-day on-site visits in each country by a native Brazilian Portuguese speaker.
Data analysis procedures With the consent of the participants, interviews with an average length of 90 min were transcribed verbatim and, to guarantee anonymity, participants' names were coded. The research was conducted simultaneously in Portuguese and English to preserve the accuracy of the information obtained. Two stages were developed for the analysis of the data. We utilised TalTac and NVivo 10 software for content analysis through lexical analysis to identify keywords based on their frequency of use. Through the lexical analysis of the gathered data, we identified that the queries 'work  ' (i. e. , work, works, worked, working, teamwork) , 'relation' (relations, relationships) and 'flexible' (flexibility) occurred with high frequency in all the interviews and in the internal reports of the project.
Acknowledgements The authors would like to thank  Thomas Roulet , consulting Associate Editor of the M@n@gement journal, for his support, comments and suggestions that allowed us to significantly improve the paper. They also thank  Hélène Delacour  and the anonymous reviewers who, with their assessment, allowed the review process to continue and provided precious guidance. Finally, they thank the ISG professors who contributed to the development of the paper with their feedback and suggestions.
Participants An initial sample of 70 participants was recruited in two schools located in Normandy, France. Participants were enrolled on a voluntary basis, following a convention that defined data collection, with the consent of Normandy education academy and schools, along with written authorization from their parents or legal tutor. Inclusion criteria were not met for 1 adolescent. None expressed their wish to abort the experiment before the end of the procedure, leading to a total of 69 children and adolescents aged from 6 to 14 years old (mean age = 10 years, 0 month) retained for this study. Children and adolescents in school were recruited in 1st grade (n = 15; mean age = 6 years, 11 months; min = 6 years, 6 months; max = 7 years, 4 months), 3rd grade (n = 22; mean age = 8 years, 10 months; min = 8 years, 2 month; max = 9 years, 3 months), 6th grade (n = 18; mean age = 11 years, 4 months; min = 10 years, 5 months; max = 12 years, 0 month) and 8th grade (n = 14; mean age = 13 years, 5 months; min = 12 years, 9 months; max = 14 years, 1 month).
Data Analysis To ensure that instructions were well understood, an interrater agreement score was calculated with a random sample of 100 unoriginal and original drawings produced in the three conditions (finger on tablet, stylus on tablet, and pen on paper). Two naive observers were asked to categorize the drawings as being original or unoriginal. Cohen's Kappa showed Cross-conceptual category (Figure  5 ) Whole drawing presenting insertions crossed with other conceptual categories (trees, animals, technology,. ) On the whole 0-1 Form of the whole (Figure  5 ) Drawing whose whole form was differently shaped in comparison of the drawing of a man who exist On the whole 0-1 TOTAL 0-33. 5 a strong inter-reliability agreement between the two raters (K = 0. 91), showing that even if originality can be quite subjective, the instruction given to adolescents led them to produce original drawings.
Objective: The objective was to screen for maternal postnatal depression (MPD) by administering the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) during the first "peak" of incidence of MPD (i. e. , between the th and the th week of the infant's life) and to therefore explore the relationship between mothers' EPDS scores and early clinical signs in the infant. We wanted to evaluate the relevance of a diagnostic tool that combines the EPDS with questions focused on clinical signs displayed by the infant. Participants: Seven hundred and sixty seven mothers aged -(M =. , SD =. ) participated in the study, representing. % of all women who delivered in the study area during the research inclusion period. Main outcome measures: Sociodemographic data were collected. MPD was measured by EPDS (score ≥ ).
Measures Sociodemographic data were collected. MPD was measured by the French version of the EPDS, a validated 10-item selfreport questionnaire that can be completed in just a few minutes  (30, 31). The EPDS can detects depression in mothers from the 4th week postpartum (31) by assessing emotional experiences over the past 7 days  (26). Mothers respond on a Likert scale between 0 ("not at all") and 3 ("yes, most of the time" or "quite a lot"). The French version has good psychometric properties, and item comprehension is excellent and unequivocal  (30). The best cutoff value for the EPDS to screen for depression, according to both the DSM-5 and the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision (ICD-10), would be 11 or higher  (32) , as this value maximizes the combined sensitivity and specificity (81 and 88%, respectively)  (27).
Data analysis The statistical analyses were carried out using Jamovi, version 1. 0. 8. 0. The present study first examined postpartum depression based on the EPDS score, a quantitative variable. The Pearson correlation test was used to study the relationship between this variable and age (a quantitative variable). The study then focused on EPDS score as a qualitative variable (negative if EPDS < 12 and positive if ≥ 12, our threshold score for postpartum depression). The relationship between the EPDS qualitative variable and other qualitative variables (e. g. , parity, marital status, occupational status, presence of early functional signs in the infant) was studied using the chi-square test of independence. Finally, a multivariate analysis of the qualitative variable EPDS was carried out.
In all cases, the mother suffers from a mental disorder and her infant feels it. Yet, the mother's mental health during pregnancy and the first year postpartum is very important for the cognitive, social, and emotional development of her child  (34). It should be noted that the data were collected before the COVID-19 pandemic. It is very likely that the prevalence is even higher today because the pandemic has had a significant impact on the mental health of mothers  (35). In our study, and in accordance with the literature, being a single mother or being part of a couple that does not share accommodation was positively associated with the risk of MPD. This variable can even be the most highly predictive of MPD, with one study finding an OR of 3. 06 for the latter  (36). As of 2018, 59. 3% of French women were legally single, divorced, or widowed (37) yet these risk categories would concern "only" 8.
Search strategy An extensive electronic search was conducted to identify all empirical studies including HRV within sport psychology and exercise psychology. Following the PRISMA statement guidelines (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses)  (Moher et al. , 2009; Page et al. , 2021) , a systematic search of databases was conducted within Web of Science, PubMed and Sport Discuss. The final search was conducted in February 2022  (09. 02. 2022). The search terms used in this review were as follows: "Heart rate variability" OR "HRV" OR "Parasympathetic" OR "Vagal" OR "Vagus" AND "Sport" OR "Exercise" OR "Physical activity".
Sifting Resources In line with the PRISMA guidelines, a detailed record of the screening process was kept (see Figure  3 ). The total number of items screened was 15466, which was the total from all three databases (Web of Science: 8160, Pub Med: 5330 and Sport Discus: 1976). Duplicates were then removed via automatic detection on EndNote Desktop which removed 6871 articles, duplicates were then manually screened which removed an additional 1157 articles 1. 7438 articles remained to be assessed via title and abstract, from which irrelevant topics were removed. The full text of the remaining 195 articles were then read to assess eligibility. On completion of this process, the two authors checked the selected studies regarding inclusion criteria. They then discussed any studies whose inclusion was unclear in relation to the set criteria (n = 6).
Data extraction and synthesis The 118 papers retrieved from the systematic process were then split into either sport psychology (71) or exercise psychology (47) related papers (presented in Table  3  and 4 ). Instead of using the PICOS guidelines, given that we did not directly assess intervention-based research, we extracted the following information from the included papers: authors, participants, protocol, HRV measurement, HRV indices presented, main findings. We deemed these the most important when using HRV data, given the sensitivity of the measure and its interpretation  (Berntson et al. , 1997; Laborde et al. , 2017; Quintana et al. , 2016; Quintana & Heathers, 2014; Shaffer & Ginsberg, 2017). The main findings from each study were amalgamated through a narrative synthesis  (Siddaway et al.
Risk of Bias Assessment To assess the risk of bias across such a wide and diverse range of studies, we used the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool  (Hong et al. , 2018). Each study was screened against seven risk of bias questions, which were dependant on study design, and this was completed by the two authors. Example items include: "Are there clear research questions?" And "Do the collected data allow to address the research questions?". Studies were answered as yes, no, can't tell or not applicable, there were no discrepancies between the authors and the full table for the risk of bias assessment can be found in Table  5.
What can HRV tell us about SEP? Despite data from 118 papers included within this review, we do not have many clear findings on what HRV can tell us about SEP phenomena. The key issue here being that many of the results are mixed and contradictory, which is mainly linked to methodological weaknesses or limited theoretical underpinning of the studies. In an effort to summarise some of the meaningful outcomes, we now discuss findings related to vmHRV only, and suggest potential mechanisms that exist in relation to behavioural, psychological and social phenomena. vmHRV plays a major role in adaptation to our environment  (Thayer et al. , 2009) , which is important for researchers in SEP. One observation that can be taken from the findings is that when athletes experience anxiety prior to actual competition (as opposed to training or simulated competition) a reduction in vmHRV can occur  (Ayuso-Moreno et al.
Articles were excluded if they: • were any type of evidence synthesis of the literature, or documents building on evidence syntheses (e. g. , guidelines, recommendations, consensus, systematic reviews, etc. ); • used large international databases and their explicit focus was not in one or more LAC countries; • were not using empirical data to build their findings (including clinical case report). Articles were included regardless of their study design, topic and publication date. Simulation studies were also included if they considered empirical data to build on a specific model (e. g. , case counts, tests, etc. ).
Search methods To identify potentially relevant documents, the following bibliographic databases were searched: • MEDLINE and EMBASE using Ovid (December 2019 to 11 November 2020) • LILACS (using VHL) (inception to 11 November 2020) • Scielo (2019 to 11 November 2020) • CENTRAL (2019 to 11 November 2020) • Epistemonikos (2019 to 11 November 2020). To identify grey literature, registry of trials, and pre-print articles, the electronic database search was also supplemented by searching the Living Overview of the Evidence (L-OVE) COVID-19 Repository by the Epistemonikos Foundation, and searching the references of evidence syntheses that were found when assessing the eligibility of the articles. Additionally, registries for studies that are planned to be conducted were complemented with the clinical trials found by Carracedo S et al.
Data extraction and charting From the included articles, data was extracted by one reviewer, and was checked by a second independent reviewer, agreeing on what data to extract from each study. The following characteristics of the included studies were extracted (see Supporting information for a complete description of each item extracted): • Lead author, month, year, and citation • Data sources, classified as inert sources, animals, directly humans, databases or documents. • Main objective of the article and research question classified as exposure, prevalence or incidence, benefits and harms of an intervention, prognosis, views and preferences, diagnostic accuracy, or other. • Methods and study design of each study, identifying basic sciences, quantitative, qualitative or mixed-methods studies.
Data synthesis With the information collected from each study, descriptive information is presented to characterize the research that was being conducted on LAC countries. The total volume of research that was produced by month is presented, and the number of publications per country is analyzed, showing absolute numbers and a rate of publications per population. Rate per the number of researchers in each country is also calculated, based on the information published by UNESCO  [17]. The geographical information is also presented in interactive maps using Tableau1 software (see link provided in Table  1 ). Summaries of the main data sources used, methodologies and study designs, type of research questions and sources of funding are also calculated. Finally, descriptive summaries of the number of publications addressing each one of the modified WHO Global Research Roadmap categories are also presented.