dataesr/scientific-paragraphs-categorization huggingface dataset:
32  found retained serial-order knowledge following a 24-h delay. Four studies  [34] [35] [36] [37]  employed the uncued ASRT task (intermixing probability-based and serial order-based regularities). They found retained knowledge following a 16-h  35, 37  and 3-day  34  offline period, and offline learning following a 24-h delay  36. Our results on RT data are consistent with these studies. Although here we focused on RT data, analyses on accuracy data also yielded similar results (see Supplementary Material). Altogether, our results corroborate and extend the previous ones with showing successful retention after a 1-year long offline period. Although unveiling lifespan differences in the consolidation of statistical and serial-order knowledge was not the goal of the present study, it is worth noting that our results are in line with the findings of Romano et al.
Acknowledgements This research was supported by the  National Brain Research Program  (Project  2017-1. 2. 1-NKP-2017-00002 );  Hungarian Scientific Research Fund  ( NKFIH-OTKA K 128016 , to D. N. ,  NKFIH-OTKA PD 124148  to K. J. );  János Bolyai Research Scholarship of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences  (to K. J. );  IDEXLYON Fellowship  of the  University of Lyon  as part of the  Programme Investissements d' Avenir  ( ANR-16-IDEX-0005 ) (to D. N. ).
029 Ma, confirming the previously determined 2. 18-2. 10 Ma 40 Ar/ 39 Ar ages), Blassac-La Girondie (MNQ19, 1. 946 ± 0. 029 Ma), and Vazeilles (1. 843 ± 0. 028 Ma). These new chronological data constrain the duration of the MNQ18 in central France to about 200 ka. The confirmation of an old age for the Blassac-La Girondie deposit indicates that the MNQ19 biozone started significantly earlier than previously thought.
Analytical technique Between 1 and 10 kg of sediments were collected at each site. The sediment samples were cleaned and sieved, and zircons were separated from the 0. 16-0. 50 mm fraction by panning, magnetic separation and density separation using heavy liquids before handpicking under a binocular microscope. Zircons were then mounted in epoxy disks, ground, and polished with 0. 25 µm diamond grit to expose crystal interiors. U-Th-Pb isotopic data on zircons were obtained by laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) at LMV (Laboratoire Magmas & Volcans, Clermont-Ferrand, France). The analyses involved ablation of minerals with a Resonetics M-50 laser system operating at a wavelength of 193 nm. Spot diameters of 60 µm, repetition rates of 3 Hz and fluence of 3.
Data were corrected for U-Pb fractionation occurring during laser sampling and for instrumental mass bias by standard bracketing with repeated measurements of GJ-1 zircon primary standard  (Jackson et al. , 2004). Repeated analyses of 91500 zircon reference material  (Wiedenbeck et al. , 1995)  during each analytical session and treated as unknown, independently control the reproducibility and accuracy of the corrections. Data reduction was carried out with the software package GLITTER ® from Macquarie Research Ltd  (van Achterbergh et al. , 2001; Jackson et al. , 2004). Schärer (1984)   The concentrations in U-Th-Pb are calibrated relative to the certified contents of GJ-1 zircon  (Jackson et al. , 2004)  reference material. The available fractionation factor of Pa/U in a zircon-melt system of rhyolitic composition roughly shows agreement with a value of 2.
The fifty-four laser spots were performed in 23 Pleistocene volcanic grains and 31 basement zircons. The volcanic zircons are divided into two populations; the 17 younger ones yield a Th/U disequilibria-corrected mean 206 Pb/ 238 U age of 2. 262 ± 0. 057 Ma (Fig. 4b ), whereas six other zircons give an older mean 206 Pb/ 238 U age of 2. 53 ± 0. 10 Ma (Fig. 4b ). Finally, the basement crystals provide the same age ranges than in Chilhac II sample, from Carboniferous to Mesoarchean (Fig. 5a  and b ). The age of 2. 26 Ma is interpreted as the time of crystallization of the zircons in the magma chamber just preceding the volcanic eruption. The age of 2. 53 Ma could represent zircon grains related to an older unconstrained event, or may also be the effect of data scatter resulting from U-decay induced damaged zircon crystal parts.
Acknowledgments The authors are grateful to  Claire Fonquernie  for her help with mineral separation. We warmly thanked the Doctors  Luigi Solari ,  Albrecht von Quadt  and an anonymous reviewer for their helpful corrections and comments as well as the editor  Dr. Robyn Pickering  for his great efficiency. This research was supported by the  French Government Laboratory of Excellence initiative  n°  ANR-10-LABX-0006. This is Laboratory of Excellence ClerVolc contribution number  453.
Confocal Microscopy, Videomicroscopy, and Image Analysis Samples were examined by confocal laser scanning microscopy using a confocal FV-1000 station installed on an inverted microscope IX-81 (Olympus, Rungis, France). Multiple fluorescence signals were acquired sequentially to avoid crosstalk between image channels. Fluorophores were excited with a 405 nm diode (for DAPI), the 488 nm line of an argon laser (for AF488), and the 543 nm line of a HeNe laser (for AF594. The emitted fluorescence was detected through spectral detection channels between 425 to 475 nm, 500 to 530 nm, and 555 to 655 nm for blue, green, and red fluorescence, respectively. Objective lens ×10, ×20 (Olympus) or Olympus UplanSapo ×60 oil, 1. 4 NA were used to obtain maximal resolution. When necessary, optical sectioning of the specimen (Z series) was driven by a Z-axis stepping motor through the entire thickness of the cell layer and analyzed with Imaris 3D software (Bitplane, Oxford instruments, Oxfordshire, UK).
Acknowledgments: We thank  M. T. Lavault  and  A. Dupont  for technical assistance. We thank  O. Bildstein ,  D. Egesi ,  G. Edomwonyi , and  C. Strittmatter  ( LNCA UMR7364 ) for assistance in animal care. We thank  J. C. Hervé  for manuscript proof-reading. We thank  Y. Trottier  and  F. Klein  for providing anti-HTT antibodies and plasmids. We thank  N. Messaddeq  for electron microscopy eye dissection protocols and for precious advice. We thank ImageUP platform from  Poitiers University and Plateforme Mric TEM ,  BIOSIT  from  Rennes 1 University. M. G. Y. acknowledges financial support from  CNRS ,  INSERM ,  Université de Poitiers ,  Région Poitou-Charentes ,  Université de Rennes, CHU de Rennes, Région Bretagne and Ile-et-Vilaine , and  Retina-France Foundation.
Both the clarified supernatant and the removed cellular fraction were used to infect Vero E6 cells. After 24h, cells were fixed and analyzed by IF microscopy. Inoculation with the supernatant as well as the cellular fraction of the apical wash showed efficient Vero E6 cell infection (data not shown). In parallel, inoculated Vero E6 cells were monitored for the appearance of a virus-induced CPE. Apical wash after 4 days of epithelia infection resulted in CPE within 48h whereas a comparable CPE required 72h with an apical wash resulting from a 3 days infection (data not shown). AT 96h post-infection the Vero E6 cell CPE was quantified (Fig. 4B ). 10 Apical washes from non-infected epithelia produced only background levels of cell death (gray bars, Fig. 4B ). In contrast, significant levels of cell death occurred in Vero E6 cell after inoculation with either the supernatant or the pellet (cellular fraction) of an apical wash issued from an infected epithelium (black bars, Fig.
Membranes were then removed from inserts and mounted in DAPI (4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole) containing DAKO Fluorescence Mounting Medium prior to microscopy analysis. Mounted samples were subsequently examined on an epifluorescence microscope (Leica inverted DRMi6000 widefield microscope) at low resolution for kinetic studies. High resolution analysis was performed on a SP8 confocal microscope (Leica Microsystems at the Bordeaux Imagery center) using maximal pixel resolution at 20x, 40x or 63x respectively and 0. 3µm Z-stacks resolution. Full epithelia overviews were acquired with Leica LAS-X software in spiral mosaics mode and three-dimensional reconstructions were done with Leica LAS-X software in 3D-viewer mode. Image processing was done using Image J software. Signal of interest were quantified using.
Acknowledgments We thank the staffs of both the pathology and surgery departments (both from the  University Hospital of Bordeaux ),  Isabelle Goasdoue ,  Virginie Niel , and  Marine Servat  from the clinical investigation center, for technical assistance. Light and electron imaging was performed on the  Bordeaux Imaging Center , member of the  FranceBioImaging national infrastructure  ( ANR-10-INBS-04 ). We thank the  BIC  relentless support during the lockdown. We thank the  "Agence Nationale de la Recherche" (ANR ,  ROSAE  project  CE14-0015-01 ) and  ANR  and the  Fondation de France  ( ANACONDA  project) for funding support. D. R. R is funded by the  LabEx ParaFrap  ( ANR-11-LABX-0024 ). ML Blondot was supported by the  Region Nouvelle Aquitaine  and  UBReact Bordeaux University. N. Pied is supported by the  FRM DEQ20180339229.
In Pennsylvania, methane emissions from abandoned oil and gas wells represented 5-8% of GHG emissions  [25]. In 2012, about 155 million metric tons of CO 2 equivalent of methane were emitted from inadvertent leakage and routine venting  [26]. From EPA's database  [27] , the CH 4 emissions from NG production were measured at 2300 Gg, about 0. 42% of gross gas output. The environmental impact of this leakage would become more serious with the current boom in NG production and consumption. The Well-to-Wheel (WtW) analysis is commonly used today to measure the effect of fuels for environmental assessment. The major influential works in this field are as follows: Khan et al. [28]  integrated the WtW model into developing countries and concluded that the fuel efficiency of NGVs' powertrain are 5-17% and 23-36% lower than that of gasoline and diesel ones.
In order to give accurate and feasible guidance, the different input parameters of the truck are studied and optimized in this process. And the emissions from this part are presented in the Section 4. The data involved in this study are mostly taken from IEA, EPA, EIA, GREET model and other works of literatures, and the other data are justifiable assumptions base on large research. The results of WtT and TtW will be integrated in the Section 5 to import a comprehensive evaluation for the whole process. The data of North America, Europe and China are used as resources to study the up-to-date WtW GHG emissions and the results are compared to conventional diesel trucks since diesel is the primary fuel in HDVs. This WtW database has great meaning for supporting the transportation electrification, which would be necessary in many countries to meet the increasingly strict pollution standards.
Tank-to-wheel process The used model is based on a virtual hybrid electric truck established by MATLAB, the results of different running scenes make a comprehensive comparison between diesel-based trucks and hybrid electrical ones. In order to be commercially understandable, the fuel consumption and CO 2 emissions are considered in units of kilograms per 100 km. Basic truck characteristics considered in this study are given in Table  4. The key parameters are optimized to minimize the truck performance impact which will be explained in detail later, the other parameters are based on reasonable assumptions. The downsized internal combustion engine (ICE) with light battery and small motor systems were selected to somewhat minimize the weight penalty. The gross weight of the model consists of mass weight, load weight, assembly units' weight (battery, essence, etc.
Uncertainty analysis Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is used in order to reduce the parameters of dataset by producing linear combinations of original parameters. PCA breaks down the matrix of initial data to express them as a least-square model  [60]. X = A × F + U (13) where, X is the original data matrix; A is the matrix of loadings of the original variables in the new reduced space; F is the matrix of scores of objects or samples; U is the matrix of residuals. PCA aims to reduce the dimensionality of datasets containing many interrelated variables, while retaining as much as possible of the systematic variation in the original data  [61]. In the analysis, the large number of parameters are replaced by a few principal components (PCs) parameters. The PCs are totally independent with each other and ordered so that the first PC (PC1) contains most of the original variation and the second PC (PC2) contains the second largest amounts, etc.
As currently delineated, Hygrophorus sect. Olivaceoumbrini is a polyphyletic assembly within subg. Colorati, encompassing glutinous and pigmented taxa. According to available literature, between a dozen and twenty species may belong in the section, mostly represented in continental and boreal forests of Europe and North America. However, the limited phylogenetic and biogeographic coverage of the genus does not presently allow for a reliable assessment of its taxonomic boundaries, nor does it provide a complete picture of species diversity within sect. Olivaceoumbrini. In an ongoing effort to confer an evolutionary backbone to Hygrophorus systematics, we assembled and analysed a dataset comprising 268 intercontinental sequences, including holotypes of 7 taxa previously not positioned phylogenetically, and enriched with collections from largely unexplored Mediterranean and Anatolian ecosystems.
Basidiospores (hereafter referred to as spores), basidia, cystidioid elements and the other microstructures were measured with the aid of an optical micrometer or with Axio Imager software. Description of different cystidial forms follows  Bas et al. (1988). However, the unexpectedly broad range of variability of these sterile cells among populations of some species and the difficulty to unambiguously assign them to previously defined terms such as cystidia, cystidioles, pseudocystidia or declinations of the latter, prompted us to collectively refer to these structures as 'cystidioid elements'. Spore measurements were taken from natural deposits on the stipe surface obtained from fresh or dry basidiomata, mounted in water or in ammoniacal Congo red, or, if no naturally discharged spores were detected on the stipe, from dried fragments of lamellae.
DNA extraction, amplification and sequencing DNA extraction and PCR amplification was conducted with the REDExtract-N-Amp TM Plant PCR Kit (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) or DNeasy Plant Mini kit (Qiagen, Hilden, Germany), PCR reactions using Illustra PuReTaq TM ReadyToGo PCR beads (GE Healthcare, Buckinghamshire, United Kingdom), following the manufacturer's instructions. The internal transcribed spacers and 5. 8S of nuc rDNA (ITS barcode) were amplified from each collection, with primers ITS-1F, ITS-4b, ITS-4, ITS-2 and ITS-3  (White et al. 1990 , Gardes & Bruns 1993) , as described in  Moreau et al. (2018). Amplicons were purified with QIAquick PCR purification kit (Qiagen, Hilden, Germany) or by Eurofins Genomics, Ebersberg, Germany, prior to sequencing. Raw sequence data were edited and assembled with Codon Code Aligner v.
Phylogenetic analyses For the present work, we assembled a dataset consisting of 268 ITS sequences, including 119 newly generated sequences and 149 published sequences (GenBank and UNITE) belonging in sect. Olivaceoumbrini sensu  Lodge et al. (2014). Phylogenetic analyses were all performed online at www. phylogeny. lirmm. fr (Dereeper et al. 2008 ) and on the CIPRES Science Gateway (www. phylo. org/index. php/). Multiple sequence alignment was carried out with MUSCLE v. 3. 7  (Edgar 2004 ) and edited first manually to adjust some homologous indels, then with Gblocks v. 0. 91b, set to lowest stringency in the selection of conserved blocks  (Castresana 2000 , Talavera & Castresana 2007). Maximum likelihood (ML) phylogenetic analyses were performed with PhyML v. 3. 0 ( when SH-aLRT > 0. 8  (Anisimova et al.
2011 , Bellanger et al. 2015). Bayesian inference (BI) of phylogeny was performed using MrBayes v. 3. 1. 2 (Ronquist & Huelsenbeck 2003). Two runs of four Monte Carlo Markov Chains each were performed for 1 000 000 generations, with stationarity convergence estimated by the Potential Scale Reduction Factor = 1  (Gelman & Rubin 1992). Tree and parameters were sampled every 1 000 generations (1 000 trees). The initial burn-in was set to 25 % (250 trees). Branch support was assessed by Bayesian posterior probabilities (BPP). Trees were built using FigTree v. 1. 4. 2 (http://tree. bio. ed. ac. uk/software/figtree/) and edited with Inkscape 0. 91 (https://inkscape. org/fr/).
RESULTS The phylogenetic analysis of our ITS dataset resolves 30 clades in sect. Olivaceoumbrini s. lat. , distributed in 5 supported lineages (Fig. 1a ; Table  2 ). The latter do not constitute a monophyletic group, but rather display paraphyletic or polyphyletic relationships to each other, confirming the artificial nature of the section as previously delineated by  Lodge et al. (2014). In order to provide an evolutionarily-based scaffold for the infrageneric systematics of Hygrophorus, we propose here to restrict sect. Olivaceoumbrini to its core monophyletic clade and to assign section rank to each of the four other lineages (see Taxonomy). In its narrow boundaries delineated here, sect. Olivaceoumbrini is a strongly supported monophyletic lineage (0. 97/100 % branch support, as SH-aLRT/BPP, respectively and hereafter) that includes sequences of the type species H.
trees of eastern North American origin. The latter species has been previously referred to as 'H. fusco albus' by Bon  (Bon 1990 , Moreau et al. 2018). Hygrophorus agathosmoides, H. albofloccosus and H. pinophilus all belong to the H. agathosmus complex and emit a typical bitter-almond odour, much like H. agathosmus s. str. The former seems so far to be endemic to the west coast of North America, where it may be strictly associated with Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii ), whereas the other two, previously referred to as 'Hygrophorus sp. ' and 'H. aff. agathosmus' in Larsson et al. (2018)  do not display reciprocal monophyly in probabilistic methods of phylogenetic inference (Fig. 1c ). However, a close inspection of polymorphism distribution within this lineage in our enriched dataset indicates that the two species diverge from each other by one substitution and five indels (1 to 2 nucleotide-long) at the ITS locus, with no evidence of gene flow between the two genotypes, supporting their evolutionary autonomy (Fig.
Our unique personal collection of H. sp. 2 (PAM2019112303, Fig. 1d ) fits this diagnosis and is suspected to represent this taxon. However, as the type collection (LIP: Bon 3113) failed to yield DNA sequences, recent collections of this variety, ideally from its original area, are required before its taxonomic status can be resolved. Synonym. Hygrophorus agathosmus f. hyacinthinus (Quél. ) Pilát  ('1951' 1952) , Klic kurcováni našich hub hribovitých a bedlovitých: 75. Neotype, here designated. France, Doubs, Frasne, under Picea abies and Abies alba on limestone, 28 Sept. 2010, J. M. Moingeon, JMM10092801/ LIP0401691* (isoneotype in GB), MycoBank MBT 10001731, GenBank ITS MT845204.
Orton as 'type material' (1960: 258, 426). Epitype, here designated. Great Britain, England, South Hampshire, New Forest, Eyeworth Wood, on steep woodland bank, on soil, amongst Musci, Fagus sylvatica, Quercus sp. , 10 Oct. 2015, L. Goodwin, K(M)227410*, Myco-Bank MBT 10001732, GenBank ITS MT981695. In support of the lectotype cited above. Notes -Three original collections, perfectly preserved, matching Berkeley & Broome's protologue (i. e. , collected by C. E. Broome at Bowood before 1854) are conserved at Kew, one dated 10 Oct. 1853 and two dated 19 Oct. 1853. No collection was designated as holotype by the authors, and thus a lectotype had to be designated among these three collections. Orton (1960)  made this move, probably unintentionally, by explicitly citing the 19 Oct. collection as 'type material' in the legend of spore drawings (f.
Hygrophorus canadensis Holotype. canada, Quebec, Saint-Casimir, rang du Rapide N, 4 km west of the village centre, under old Picea glauca on the edge of a grass field, N46°38'6. 98" W72°10'15. 28", 20 m asl, 14 Oct. 2016, R. Lebeuf, HRL2344/ DAOM984766* (isotype in LIP), GenBank ITS MT981628. Diagnosis -Medium-sized agaric fruiting in mid-to late fall, resembling Hy grophorus olivaceoalbus, but differing macroscopically from it by its lack of olivaceous tints in the pileus and stipe, its slightly viscid but soon dry stipe, and microscopically by its smaller spores on average (11. 3 -11. 8 -12. 3 × 6. 2 -6. 7-7. 0 µm), its pileipellis which is an ixocutis instead of an ixotrichoderm, as well as the presence on the stipitipellis hyphae of a gelatinous cuff covered with small specks of refractive material.
Hygrophorus, close to H. eburneus. Hygrophorus agathosmoides f. albus E. Larss. & Lebeuf, f. nov. -MycoBank MB 836860; Fig. 10b  Etymology. Relates to the atypical white colours of basidiomata. Holotype. iceland, Vaglaskógur Fnjóskadal, Arnpórslunur, in a plantation of Picea sitchensis and Betula pubescens, 13 Sept. 2009, G. G. Eyjólfsdóttir, AMNH-185145 (isotype GB0183713), GenBank ITS MH656461. Diagnosis -Differs from the type of H. agathosmoides by the lack of pileus colour, being off-white, sometimes with a pale cream buff colour or greyish tone in the disc zone, and having white floccules at stipe apex. Other collections studied. canada, Quebec, Grondines, 3 e rang, between Guilbault road and Dussault road, in Picea glauca plantation, in basic soil,  N46°38'29. 59" W72°3'14. 90", 38 m asl, 10 Oct.
Hygrophorus agathosmoides f. trabzonensis Holotype. tUrkey, Trabzon, Maçka-Sevinç area, on a lawn of a spruce forest, 1141 m asl, 26 Oct. 2015, E. Sesli, KATO Fungi 3604, GenBank ITS MG888785. Diagnosis -Differs from H. agathosmoides by its smaller size, stickier and differently coloured pileus; hyacinth-like odour; slightly burning taste; larger and more elongated basidiospores; larger basidia and frequent presence of cystidioid elements on lamellar faces. Pileus (10-)20-50(-60) mm across, smooth, hemispherical or convex when young, soon expanding to applanate or becoming depressed in the centre with an indistinct, obtuse umbo; margin sometimes cracked and undulating; surface silver-grey or pale grey to whitish at first, becoming ash coloured or smoke grey within an hour after collection, slightly darker toward the centre; viscid to strongly glutinous in wet conditions.
Hygrophorus pustulatoides Other collections studied. canada, Quebec, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Arboretum Morgan, under Picea sp. ,  N45°25'35. 38" W73°56'34. 22", 61 m asl, 24 Oct. 2011, R. Lebeuf, HRL1040*; Montreal, 25 Sept. 1997  Notes -This species was totally cryptic prior to the present study and was likely confused with its sister species H. pustu latus. Only  Melot (1981)  and  Bon (1990)  suggested, without personal experience of the North American mushroom, that the basal viscosity of  Hesler & Smith's H. pustulatus (1963)  could make it distinct from the European species. Phylogenetically analysing a biogeographically broad ITS sequence dataset, however, including 10 vouchered specimens, unveiled a wellsupported North American clade, sister to a weakly supported clade including sequences originating from both continents (Fig.