dataesr/scientific-paragraphs-categorization huggingface dataset:
The systematic uncertainties considered are the decay constants uncertainties and the long-term reproducibility of the method (1. 5%, 2 σ , calculated from repeated measurements ( n = 7) of ASH-15D between 2017 and 2019). Carbonate reference materials were measured for quality control. Reference material B6 (41. 86 ± 0. 53 Ma and 42. 12 ± 0. 88 Ma)  [10]  was measured in sequences 1 and 2, whereas reference material ASH-15D (2. 907 ± 0. 210 Ma)  [11]  was measured in sequence 1. Results on the secondary reference materials indicate an accuracy and repeatability of the method of about 1. 5-2%. Data were displayed in Tera-Wasserburg plots, and ages were calculated as lower concordiacurve intercepts using the same algorithms as Isoplot 4. 14  [12]. All uncertainties are reported at the 2 σ level.
Samples were weighed into silver capsules ( ∼ 8 mg) and reacted in a common phosphoric acid bath ( ∼103%) for 20 min at 90 °C under static vacuum. The evolved CO 2 was passed through an ethanol/dry ice U-trap ( ∼ -80 °C) before being collected on a liquid nitrogen temperature (-196 °C) U-trap. Following the 20 min reaction period, the collected CO 2 was thawed, entrained in helium, and carried through a Porapak Q 120/80 mesh gas column held at -20 °C using He as the carrier gas. The purified CO 2 was analyzed using a Thermo Scientific MAT 253 Mass Spectrometer set to collect masses 44-49. Mass 48 was only monitored to detect any hydrocarbon contaminant. δ 18 O and δ 13 C data were also acquired as part of each 47 analysis and calculated using the parameters reported relative to the PDB reference frame based on the calibrated composition of the laboratory working gas and the correction scheme and constants from  [15].
To account for the temperature dependence of oxygen isotope fractionation between CO 2 gas and carbonate resulting from the reaction with phosphoric acid at 90 °C, fractionation factors of 1. 00811 were used for calcite  [16]. The raw 47 data was corrected for instrument non-linearity and scale compression  [17]  using several heated (at 10 0 0 °) and equilibrated gases (at 25 °C) of various bulk isotopic compositions that were run during each session. These gases were used to convert measurements into the interlaboratory absolute reference frame  [17]. To guarantee accuracy of the 47 data, we routinely analyzed two carbonate reference materials (Carrara marble and TV04). One of these two carbonate standards was analyzed typically once for every five analyzes of the unknown samples to check for procedural analytical stability and accuracy, and to determine the long-term external reproducibility of our measurements.
The isotopic standard NBS-987 has been analyzed 6 times, yielding an average value of 0. 710243 ± 0. 0 0 0 0 09 (standard deviation, 2 σ ). NBS 987 data have been used to correct the sample ratios for standard drift from the certified value. The analytical error in the 87 Sr/ 86 Sr ratio was 0. 01% (referred to two standard deviations). The internal precision is 0. 0 0 0 0 03. Sr procedural blanks were below 0. 5 ng. For the elemental composition, powdered samples of vein cements and host rocks were analyzed employing a magnetic sector field Element XR (HR-ICP-MS, high resolution inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometer, Thermo Fisher Scientific). In this case, the LR (low resolution) and the MR (medium resolution) have only been used. 100 mg of each powdered sample was firstly dried at 40 °C during 24 h and then acid digested in closed polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) vessels with a combination of HNO 3 + HF + HClO 4 (2.
Acknowledgments This is a contribution to the DGICYT Spanish projects  PGC2018-093903-B-C22  and  PID2021-122467NB-C22  ( Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades/Agencia Estatal de Investigación   /10. 13039/50110 0 011033 /  Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional, Unión Europea) , the  Grup Consolidat de Recerca "Geologia Sedimentària " ( 2017-SGR-824 ) and the  Grup Consolidat de Recerca "Modelització Geodinàmica de la Litosfera " ( 2017SGR-847 ). This work was also partially funded by  ALORBE  project ( PIE-CSIC-202030E310 ). This is FIERCE contribution No. 107. We thank all comments provided by an anonymous reviewer, which helped improve the quality of the manuscript. Carbon and oxygen isotopic analyzes were carried out at the  Centre Científics i Tecnològics of the Universitat de Barcelona.
Neutron diffraction on polycrystalline SrMoO 3 samples revealed two structural phase transitions. At room temperature, bulk SrMoO 3 is an ideal cubic Pm 3m perovskite. When the temperature is lowered, it first transitions to a tetragonal I4/mcm phase below ≈250 K and then to an orthorhombic Imma ground state below ≈150 K  [20]. The nominal valence Mo 4+ has been confirmed by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy  [13]  and is consistent with Hall-effect data  [13, 17]  showing close to the expected two electrons per molybdenum site. To date, no signs of superconductivity or magnetic ordering were detected in SrMoO 3  [11, 21]  although a recent theoretical study suggests proximity to an antiferromagnetic state at very low temperatures  [22]. Here we present a comprehensive ARPES data set on SrMoO 3 thin films grown on GdScO 3 substrates.
ARPES experiments at SLS were performed at a temperature of ≈10 K with circularly polarized light and photon energies ranging from 40 to 200 eV. The energy resolution of the ARPES experiments changed with photon energy and was in the range of 20-40 meV for the data shown in the main text. Some of the films were grown on top of a SrTiO 3 buffer layer of 5-10 unit cells. While we found that the buffer promotes layer-by-layer growth during the early stages of the deposition, no significant difference was observed in films of 10 or more unit cells either by ARPES, x-ray diffraction (XRD), or reflection high-energy electron diffraction (RHEED). The best results were obtained for substrate temperatures between 800 and 900 • C, as measured by a pyrometer. Electron microscopy measurements were carried out in a JEOL ARM200cF equipped with a CEOS aberration corrector and a Gatan Quantum energy filter.
Specimens were prepared by conventional methods: Mechanical grinding and Ar ion milling. DFT calculations were performed with the Vienna Ab initio Simulation Package (VASP)  [26] [27] [28] , with the exchangecorrelation functional of Perdew, Burke, and Ernzerhof  [29]. The DFT calculations use a dense 41 × 41 × 41 k-point mesh for the cubic unit cell (same density for the orthorhombic cell) to avoid k-point discretization issues. DMFT calculations are performed using solid_dmft  [30]  software, which utilizes the TRIQS/DFTTOOLS software package  [31, 32]. For these calculations, we construct a realistic low-energy Hamiltonian containing only the three Mo t 2glike states around the Fermi level using maximally localized Wannier functions as implemented in WANNIER90  [33]. We do not include spin-orbit coupling (SOC) in the DFT+DMFT calculations.
III. RESULTS The structural quality of the samples was characterized both by in situ RHEED and by ex situ XRD. The XRD scan in Fig. 1 (a) shows a SrMoO 3 peak with pronounced finite-thickness oscillations, which attest to the high crystalline coherence of the film. By fitting the experimental data we extract a film thickness d ≈ 50 nm and a pseudocubic out-of-plane lattice constant c pc = 4. 030 ± 0. 002 Å  [23]. The vertical alignment of film and substrate peaks in the reciprocal-space map in Fig. 1(b ) demonstrates that the SrMoO 3 thin films are fully strained to the GdScO 3 substrates, as confirmed by high-resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) images such as the one in Fig. 1(c ). Our SrMoO 3 thin films are thus orthorhombic, which implies the presence of octahedral tilts and therefore a doubling of the c axis.
V. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, we presented a comprehensive ARPES data set from epitaxial SrMoO 3 thin films grown by PLD. We show that the ARPES data are in good agreement with DFT+DMFT calculations that incorporate the effect of structural distortions. Our work demonstrates that SrMoO 3 is a weakly correlated metal with highly coherent electronic states over a large energy range. The research data supporting this publication can be accessed at the Yareta repository of the University of Geneva  [56].
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We thank  J. Fowlie ,  M. Hadjimichael ,  C. Lichtensteiger , and  W. Rischau  for discussions and help with some of the experiments. This work was supported  Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF)  Grants No. 184998 , No. 177006 , and No. 165791 ;  SNSF Ambizione fellowship 161327 ;  Comunidad de Madrid (Atracción de Talento  Grant No. 2018-T1/IND-10521 ); the  European Unions Horizon 2020  research and innovation programme under the  Marie Skodowska-Curie Grant  agreement No. 884104  ( PSI-FELLOW-III-3i ); and the  Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation  ( MICINN -PID2019-105238GA-I00 ,  MICINN-FEDER RTI2018-097895-B-C43 ). M. R. and E. B. G. acknowledge  SNSF  Grant No. 200021_-182695. C. E. D. acknowledges support from the  National Science Foundation  under Grant No.
Introduction: Long-acting somatostatin analogues such as lanreotide autogel (LAN) and octreotide long-acting release (OCT) are recommended as first-line treatment for patients with neuroendocrine tumors (NETs). However, only few real-world studies have compared the two medications. This retrospective, observational cohort study used a French claims database to compare patterns of use with LAN vs. OCT in patients with NETs. Methods: Data on LAN and OCT patterns of use were obtained retrospectively from the National System of Health Data (SNDS), a national French claims database. Patients 18 years of age or older who initiated treatment for NETs between 2009 and 2016, and who received at least six subsequent dispensings of first-line LAN or OCT during the first year of treatment, were included.
Clinical trials provide valuable information on drug efficacy and safety; however, strict inclusion and exclusion criteria can lead to results not being generalizable to the entire population with the disease. They also often do not include comparative efficacy, safety, or costeffectiveness information to guide decisions across therapeutic options. Real-world evidence (RWE) provides insights into the effectiveness, tolerability, and cost of marketed products when used in clinical practice, and therefore can be useful to inform clinical decision-making  [19]. While LAN and OCT are common treatments for NETs, there is currently little RWE on how their use in practice and clinical outcomes compare. Previous commercial claims database analyses in the USA and Canada have reported differences in patterns of use between LAN and OCT, with less above-label dose and rescue medication use reported among patients receiving LAN than OCT  [20, 21].
However, these studies did not investigate differences in treatment persistence or time to second-line treatment, which are also important factors in assessing the effectiveness of therapies. Furthermore, commercial claims databases have limited generalizability because they do not include uninsured patients, or those with insurance through a social security system. We previously performed an analysis of the National System of Health Data (Systeme National des Donnees de Sante[SNDS]; https:// www. snds. gouv. fr/SNDS/Accueil), a national French claims database that covers around 99% of the population  [22] , and found that higher LA SSA doses and more syringes were used with OCT than LAN for the treatment of acromegaly and NETs, translating into higher overall treatment costs for patients receiving OCT  [23].
Study Design This was a retrospective cohort study based on administrative claims data from the SNDS, a comprehensive French claims database  [22]. The SNDS contains information on reimbursed outpatient healthcare, such as consultations, medical procedures (Common Classification System of Medical Acts [CCAM] codes), and prescription dispensing (Product identifier  [CIP]  or Anatomic Therapeutic Chemical [ATC] codes), as well as hospital stays and vital status. All patients with NETs, including a subgroup of patients with GEP-NETs, who received LAN or OCT for the first time between 1 January 2009 and 31 December 2016 were identified using diagnostic codes and followed up until the end of 2017. GEP-NETs subgroup analyses were performed to examine the same outcomes in a more homogeneous population.
2, E22 or E05, and/or hospitalization with the main reason associated with the ICD-10 codes D35. 2 or E05. 8, and/or surgical intervention to remove the pituitary adenoma and/or at least five tests of the same hormone, among tests likely to be performed during the follow-up of acromegaly or thyrotroph adenoma. Patients who received only LAN 30 mg dispensings were also excluded from the study, as LAN 30 mg is a bimonthly formulation generally intended for short-term use and is not a recommended dose for longerterm tumor control or control of secretions in patients with NETs or GEP-NETs  [24]. This article does not contain any new studies with human or animal subjects performed by any of the authors; as such, informed consent of individuals was not required. The data set came from the France-based SNDS claims database.
Patient Disposition and Baseline Characteristics A total of 6077 patients in the SNDS database met the diagnostic criteria for NETs and had at least one LA SSA dispensing from the start of 2009 through the end of 2016. After the remaining eligibility criteria were applied, the final study population comprised 4417 patients with NETs, of whom 2327 (52. 7%) initiated treatment with LAN and 2090 (47. 3%) initiated treatment with OCT (Fig. 1 ). Within this population, 1546 (35. 0%) had a definite NET diagnosis, and 2871 (65. 0%) had a probable NET. In total, 2756 patients fit the criteria for inclusion in the GEP-NET subgroup, of which 1478 (53. 6%) and 1278 (46. 4%) initiated treatment with LAN and OCT, respectively (Fig. 1 ). In the overall NETs population, age and sex were balanced between the LAN and OCT groups, and most patients in both groups had non-functional NETs (LAN 1434 [61.
Patient characteristics were additionally compared in patients with probable vs. definite NETs, to explore the rates of different types of tumors within those populations (Table  3 ). In 31. 5% of probable NET cases, the primitive tumor (and therefore its localization) could not be identified in the database, as compared to 9. 8% of cases for definite NETs diagnoses (Table  3 ). As a result of the differences in location and extension between definite and probable NETs, outcomes other than baseline characteristics were not compared between these groups.
Dispensing of Pancreatic Enzyme Replacement Therapy (PERT) In the first year of treatment, dispensing of PERT was significantly higher in the LAN group than the OCT group (LAN 16. 4% vs. OCT 13. 9%; p = 0. 0189). This difference was no longer significant in year 2 (LAN 15. 8% vs. OCT 14. 0%; p = 0. 1629) or year 3 (LAN 15. 3% vs. The group of probable NETs did not include carcinoid tumors or other functional tumors because these tumors had either specific ICD-10 codes or identifiable biological assays in the database that have allowed definite identification of these tumors OCT 14. 0%; p = 0. 4277) after treatment initiation (Fig. 6 ). Conversely, in the GEP-NETs subgroup, there was no significant difference in the dispensing of PERT between patients in the LAN and OCT groups in year 1 (LAN 20.
DISCUSSION The objective of this database analysis was to explore patterns of use of first-line LAN compared with OCT through outcomes including dispensing and administration patterns, as well as use of supplementary or second-line therapy, among patients with NETs in the French realworld setting. Analyses were also performed in the subgroup of patients with GEP-NETs, which represents a population with less heterogeneity. Overall, patients treated with LAN had greater treatment persistence than patients receiving OCT, and a lower proportion switched to another LA SSA. In addition, significantly fewer patients treated with LAN had an average monthly dose per trimester above the recommended dose (during years 1-3 of treatment) or used rescue medication (during year 1 of treatment only) than those receiving OCT.
Whether these differences translate to clinically meaningful differences relevant to patients or physicians could not be determined from the data collected from the SNDS database. Real-world studies that compare LAN and OCT treatment patterns in NETs are limited, particularly in the French population. An analysis of a US claims database (Symphony Health Solutions) that assessed median time to treatment discontinuation among 1086 patients with NETs did not find a statistically significant difference between the LAN and OCT groups (LAN 17. 5 vs. OCT 19. 2 months, p = 0. 6)  [28]. These results are not consistent with our finding that patients receiving LAN were significantly less likely to discontinue treatment than patients in the OCT group. However, in contrast to the previous study, we adjusted for potential confounders in a multivariate model, providing additional confidence in our results.
OCT. However, as this analysis was limited to patients in the GEP-NETs subgroup, future studies would be needed to confirm this finding in patients with other types of NETs. Patients with NETs, as well as those in the GEP-NETs subgroup, who received first-line OCT switched to another LA SSA at a significantly higher rate than patients who received first-line LAN, both within the first 3 months and between 3 and 12 months after treatment initiation. These results are consistent with a US claims analysis of 548 patients with metastatic GEP-NETs using the Pharmaceutical Research Associates Health Sciences US Outpatient Medical and Prescription Claims database. The results of this analysis showed that among who discontinued their index SSA during the follow-up period, the most common treatment among patients who discontinued OCT was LAN  [20].
These findings suggest that LAN might have better effectiveness and tolerability and a better benefit-risk balance than OCT, although clinical and safety outcomes could not be directly measured in this analysis and would need to be confirmed in future studies. Use of above-label dosage and rescue medication was found to be lower in patients receiving LAN compared with OCT. Our findings are consistent with the US claims analysis of patients with metastatic GEP-NETs, which reported that significantly fewer patients treated with LAN received a dose above the   [20]. A Canadian claims database analysis also used the IQVIA Private Drug Plan, Ontario Drug Benefit program, and Regie de l'assurance-maladie du Quebec to evaluate rescue medication use in 908 patients treated with LAN or OCT  [21]. Similar to our results, this study reported lower mean use of rescue medication in the LAN group compared with the OCT group; this difference, however, was greatest during the first months (mean difference, 0.
This study analyzed a large, nationally representative database of patients with NETs; in contrast, previous real-world studies of LAN and OCT have used commercial or Medicare claims databases, which only capture a subset of a population. Because patients were followed longitudinally, we were also able to assess changes in outcomes over time. However, the results of this study should be interpreted in light of limitations inherent to claims database analyses. As the number of ICD-10 diagnostic codes available for accurate identification of NETs (mainly non-functional tumors or non-GEP-NETs) is very limited, cases of probable NETs were inferred on the basis of codes for metastatic cancer, liver procedures or metastases, and hormone level tests. It is possible that some patients with NETs were missed or incorrectly captured.
Furthermore, it is likely that the clinical differences observed between NETs of definite and probable diagnosis are explained by the criteria used to identify these NETs in the database. Carcinoid tumors and functional tumors could be identified by ICD-10 codes and/or specific biological assays. By definition, these tumors are of definite diagnosis. Other NETs that could be identified in a probable and indirect manner were by definition metastatic malignancies identified within 6 months before or after initiation of long-term LA SSA. As the SNDS does not contain clinical data, stages and/ or grades of NETs could not be compared between the two treatment groups, and data on the resectable/unresectable nature of NETs was not directly available in the database. Identification of all surgical procedures performed for each patient could not be determined as a result of multiple possible tumor locations.
However, the metastatic stages of NETs can be identified from the diagnostic codes of hospital stays. This analysis was able to determine that the overall proportion of metastatic NETs was slightly lower for LAN vs. OCT (Table  S8 ). The exposure and study outcomes were identified through administrative claims data; therefore, data quality issues such as missing data or coding errors were possible. The SNDS database does not include clinical information, such as laboratory test results, or information on patient risk factors (e. g. , blood pressure, family history, dietary habits, tobacco use, alcohol use, body mass index), which limited the analyses that could be performed in this study. Further, the SNDS only contains information on healthcare reimbursement. Therefore, consumption of medical products that were prescribed, but not reimbursed, were not captured.
CONCLUSIONS The results of this observational, claims-based cohort study suggest potential clinical and economic advantages of LAN over OCT in the management of NETs in the French population, adding to the body of RWE that has identified differences between these two drugs. These findings are subject to limitations inherent to database analyses and should be further explored in specific, controlled studies. Medical Writing and Editorial Assistance. Medical writing and editorial support were provided by Isabel Haber, BS, and Jenna Hebert, PhD, of Medical, Boston, MA, USA, funded by Ipsen in accordance with Good Publication Practice guidelines (http://www. ismpp. org/gpp3). Authorship. All named authors meet the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) criteria for authorship for this article, take responsibility for the integrity of the work as a whole, and have given their approval for this version to be published.
In the following, we briefly summarize the approach. Specifically, neurons are sorted based on the magnitude of their average contribution over the training set, as also suggested in  [11]. The algorithm proposed in  [5]  follows this procedure: (i) class-oriented analysis and (ii) network-oriented analysis. In the former, for each instance in the validation dataset related to the specific output class, a forward propagation cycle is performed, and a score is given to each neuron by averaging the absolute output values In this paper, the proposed mitigation approach starts from the neurons criticality list, ordered based on the neurons criticality, and obtained as specified above. A diagram of the proposed flow is shown in Fig. 1. First, as a measure of the desired level of reliability, a specific percentage of neurons (pNeu) must be selected to perform the following actions (detailed later): 1) Prune non-critical neurons, i.