dataesr/scientific-paragraphs-categorization huggingface dataset:
All sites were of similar depth (~9 m) and were instrumented with SeaFET pH and temperature (HOBO Water Temp Pro v2, Onset) loggers during the period of May 19 to August 10, 2014 as described in Enochs et al. [38]. Photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) loggers (ECO-PAR, WET Labs) collected data at the high and mid-pCO2 sites. Acoustic Doppler current profilers (ADCPs, Aquadopp, Nortek) were deployed at the high-pCO2 and control sites. Water samples were collected every six hours over a 48-hour period (Aug. 11-13 2014) immediately above the benthos and were analyzed for dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and total alkalinity (TA) following Enochs et al. [38]. Sampling dates and the duration of this experiment were constrained by limited access to the remote research site. All work presented herein was conducted in accordance with applicable rules and regulations governing fieldwork and sample collection at the study site.
Each block was immediately rinsed and dried at 60°C for 24 hours. Measurements were taken in order to quantify the degree of colonization or the percent planar surface area of microborers. Five haphazardly-placed images (~0. 014 cm 2 each) were captured from the upward-facing surface of each block (~2% block cover total) using a Motic BA310 light microscope at 100x magnification with the Motic Images Plus 2. 0 software package. Magnification and replication were selected in order to maximize coverage while minimizing the potential for image overlap. Following capture, images were binarized to identify boreholes and subsequently their percent planar surface area was quantified using ImageJ  [39]. This measurement was inclusive of boreholes both on and within the transparent surface of the block, though vacated (more clear) boreholes were likely under-represented.
[13]  did not record a significant increase in the percent planar surface area of boring algae. This suggests that immature microboring communities dominated by large pioneer chlorophytes such as Phaeophila sp. may respond differently to OA than mature communities dominated by the chlorophyte Ostreobium sp. Our study is unique in that we were able to use uncolonized substrates to examine Table  1. Environmental data from the Maug study sites. Data and methods can be found within Enochs et al. [38]. Long-term data taken from multimonth deployment of data loggers over the duration of the experiment. Discrete bottle samples (n = 8) taken every 6 hours over a two-day period. Numbers in parentheses are standard deviation for long-term data and standard error of the mean for discrete bottle samples.
Acknowledgments The crews of the  Super Emerald and Hi'ialakai  provided field support. D. Benevente ,  S. Clark ,  J. Iguel ,  L. Johnson ,  S. Johnston ,  R. Okano ,  N. Pomeroy , and  C. Young  provided assistance in the field. T. Burton  and  J. Morris  helped with analysis of carbonate blocks. The  Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)  supported the analysis of microboring species. Fourteen reviewers provided feedback that improved the quality and clarity of this paper.
III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The Eu 1-x Sr x TiO 3 samples have been measured at room temperature up to a maximum pressure of 48 GPa. The phase transition from cubic to tetragonal in perovskites can be followed by x-ray diffraction either by the splitting of Bragg peaks or by the appearance of superstructure reflections. In Fig. 1  we display the evolution of the (200) peak in the diffraction patterns of all four samples for some selected pressures. The data clearly show the splitting of the (200) reflection to (220) and (004), that accounts for the tetragonal distortion in Eu 1-x Sr x TiO 3. The same phase transition has been detected under pressure for pure EuTiO 3  16  and SrTiO 3. 2 As in the case of EuTiO 3 , the transition is fully reversible as can be seen in the decompression data in the supplementary material.
Discussion Initialement décrit par Jaffe en 1935, l'ostéome ostéoïde est une tumeur ostéoblastique bénigne sans rapport avec un phénomène infectieux  [1, 2]. Elle représente 10 % des tumeurs osseuses bénignes et excède rarement 15 mm de diamètre. Elle touche préférentiellement l'adulte jeune, l'adolescent et le grand enfant, avec une prédominance masculine  [3]. L'ostéome ostéoïde peut toucher tous les os du squelette avec une très nette prédilection pour les os longs, notamment des membres inférieurs. L'ostéome ostéoïde est très rarement retrouvé au niveau de la tête et du cou. Une revue de la littérature a été effectuée à partir de la base de données Pubmed, en utilisant comme mot clé principal : osteoid osteoma, associé à d'autres mots clés comme jaw, facial, dentofacial, maxillofacial, oral, tooth, maxilla, maxillary, mandible, ou temporo-mandibular joint.
Introduction L'Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail  (Anses, ex-Afssa)  a publié en 2009 un rapport sur l'étude individuelle nationale sur les consommations alimentaires 2  (INCA 2) 2006 (INCA 2) -2007   (Anses, 2009). Ce rapport présente les apports nutritionnels de la po-Correspondance : c. leguillou@terresunivia. fr pulation française, mais pas le détail des apports en acides gras (AG). L'Anses a mis à disposition en accès libre, en 2013 une version plus détaillée de la table de composition nutritionnelle des aliments de la base de données Ciqual  (Anses, 2013)  et en septembre 2014, l'ensemble des données brutes obtenues dans INCA 2  (Anses, 2014). Terres Univia, l'interprofession des huiles et protéines végétales, participe à l'amélioration de la connaissance des lipides d'origine végétale.
Méthodologie L'analyse statistique menée a consisté en la combinaison des données INCA 2 (Anses, 2014) aux données de composition nutritionnelle des aliments de la base de données Ciqual 2013  (Anses, 2013). Les résultats présentés ici concernent la population adulte : toutes les statistiques ont été calculées en prenant en compte les 2624 adultes et en les pondérant de manière à assurer la représentativité de la population adulte française, conformément aux recommandations de l'Anses. La base de données Ciqual 2013  (Anses, 2013)  répertorie la composition nutritionnelle de 1496 aliments pour 61 constituants. Pour notre analyse, nous avons retenu les constituants suivants : • Les acides gras saturés totaux (AGS) : la somme des acides butyrique, caprique, caproïque, caprylique, stéarique, laurique, myristique et palmitique.
Liquid Mixing with Scale and Internals Effects To complete the study of the liquid flow pattern, let us compare the results obtained in the 1-m-diameter column concerning the axial dispersion coefficient D ax,1D , obtained relating to the well-known mono-dimensional axial dispersion model. For each superficial gas velocity, three dual samplings were performed for three different distances between the sampling position and the free surface. Tracer experiments were performed in columns of 0. 15, 0. 4 and 1 m diameter to determine axial dispersion coefficients. Figure  11  shows D ax,1D as a function of D at U g = 0. 20 m/s. Analogous to V L (0) (Fig. 10 ), the axial dispersion coefficient is found to increase strongly with column diameter. Figure  11  compares our experimental results with correlations proposed in the literature and experimental data obtained by  Wendt et al.
Numerical Aspects and Parameter Estimation The model was solved using a discretization scheme based on finite differences. For second-order derivative terms a centered discrete scheme was used, and for firstorder derivative terms an upwind scheme was used. For time integration, the Lsode solver was used. The kinetic parameters are optimized (Tab. 3) using a Levenberg Marquardt algorithm. A set of experimental data collected in a small stirred tank reactor (1 L), for various operating conditions, was used for optimization. The initial active site concentration was determined according to the amount of cobalt impregnated on the alumina. In this work, it was considered that one atom of cobalt metal constitutes one active site. Data collected in the pilot unit of SNZ were used for model validation.
When the model is used to predict chain length growth parameters for paraffins and olefins, methane selectivity and the olefin selectivity ratio as a function of the H 2 /CO ratio, the trends are in accordance with the literature  (Visconti et al. , 2011) , showing a decrease in chain length growth parameters and olefin selectivity with the H 2 /CO ratio, and a methane selectivity increase with H 2 /CO. The simulator has been used up to now for scale-up purposes and includes data from new catalysts developed by IFPEN, ENI and Axens.
Matériels et méthodes Des angiographies ont été pratiquées d'une part chez le rat (Lewis, 6 mois) par injection de produit de contraste iodé dans la carotide et d'autre part chez le mini-porc (FBM, 18 mois -COMITHEA 45/ INRA) par injection sélective au niveau de l'artère alvéolaire inférieure sous contrôle radiographique. La diffusion du produit de contraste a été explorée par microCT in vivo chez le rat (Quantum FX microCT, Perkin Elmer) et CT à faisceau conique en modalité soustraction chez le mini-porc (GE Discovery IGS 730). L'analyse des données a été effectuée grâce à un algorithme dédié du logiciel MeVisLab (MeVis recherche, Brême, Allemagne).
Les données L'analyse des trajectoires de localisation des activités logistiques s'appuie sur une base de données des services statistiques centraux du Ministère du Développement durable, appelée Sitadel2 (Système d'information et de traitement automatisé des données élémentaires sur les logements et les locaux). Elle recense en France, tous les ans depuis 1985, et de façon exhaustive l'ensemble des constructions à usage résidentiel et non résidentiel. Les informations, disponibles à l'échelle communale, portent sur la surface annuelle construite (surface hors oeuvre nette en m²) et sur l'affectation de ces nouvelles surfaces. Sont distinguées huit catégories d'affectation de locaux non résidentiels, telles que les commerces, les hôtels, les bureaux, les bâtiments industriels et les entrepôts.
Another parameter that is sensitive to shape mixtures is the differential Doppler velocity (DDV;  Wilson et al. 1997 ). If fast-falling quasi-spherical graupel and slow-falling oriented splinters are present in the same volume, a negative value of DDV will be observed. Lasher-Trapp et al. (  2016 ) analyzed dual-polarization data from an aircraft-mounted W-band radar in tropical cumuli ascending above the 08C isotherm (see Fig. 7 8 ). Higher values of the linear depolarization ratio (LDR; indicative of ice) were used to discern graupel traveling through the H-M temperature range, sometimes ascending and descending through it, or even balanced within it, as indicated by the collocated radar-sensed particle velocities. Older and colder clouds were found to contain ribbons of high LDR (;218 dB), indicative of complete glaciation, where in situ probes (corrected for shattering effects) measured ice particle concentrations exceeding 100 L 21.
Acknowledgments. We wish to memorialize this chapter to  Paul Willis , whose tireless measurements in ice clouds led to new insight into where and when secondary particles are observed. The authors would like to thank the many sponsors who have provided funding for the monograph:  Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS) ,  Forschungszentrum Jülich (FZJ) , and  Deutsches Zentrum für Luft-und Raumfahrt (DLR) ,  Germany ;  ETH Zurich ,  Switzerland ;  National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) ,  United States ; the  Met Office ,  United Kingdom ; the  University of Illinois ,  United States ;  Environment and Climate Change Canada (ECCC) ,  Canada ;  National Science Foundation (NSF) ,  AGS 1723548 ,  National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) ,  United States ; the  International Commission on Clouds and Precipitation (ICCP) , the  European Facility for Airborne Research (EUFAR) , and  Droplet Measurement Technologies (DMT) ,  United States.
Acknowledgments The computations were carried out on the CX system at the  Information Technology Center of Nagoya University. This work was partially supported by  JSPS KAKENHI  Grant Numbers (B)24760063, (S)24224003 and (A)25247014. K. S. thankfully acknowledges financial support from  ANR , contract SiCoMHD. M. O. D. thankfully acknowledges financial support from  Ecole Centrale de Marseille (ECM)  for a visiting position,  Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) , and  CNPq -the Brazilian Research Council, Brazil. K. S. , K. Y. and N. O. acknowledge the  CIRM, Luminy , for hospitality during the 2014 CEMRACS summer program on "Numerical modeling of plasmas".
Remerciements Les auteurs tiennent à rendre hommage à la mémoire de H. D. Bui, membre de  l'Institut de France , qui, peu avant de nous quitter, leur a suggéré l'examen de ce problème, en éclairant des pistes qui ont conduit à la méthodologie proposée ici. Nos remerciements vont aussi à M. J. - M. Delort , professeur à l' université Paris -13, pour les discussions fructueuses que nous avons eues avec lui concernant la résolution du problème intérieur.
Le LRMF (Laboratoire de Recherche des Musées de France), qui avait alors le statut d'unité mixte de recherche CNRS/ Ministère de la Culture (UMR 171), a participé, à l'initiative de Christian Lahanier, à plusieurs programmes de recherche  4  sur la numérisation en haute défi nition des clichés photographiques et radiographiques, à la télétransmission des fi chiers numériques résultant de ces travaux, à l'imagerie multi-spectrale, au traitement et à la fusion d'images. Cette série a commencé en 1989 avec les projets VASARI puis NARCISSE. La base de données résultant du projet NARCISSE est en ligne sur le site web du Ministère de la Culture (http://www. culture. gouv. fr/documentation/lrmf/pres. htm). Jean-Claude Dran, responsable de l'équipe AGLAE, a développé avec son équipe deux réseaux COST  5   Ces deux réseaux ont établi la notoriété de l'équipe AGLAE dans le monde de l'analyse élémentaire par faisceaux d'ions des oeuvres et des matériaux du patrimoine culturel et ont permis de créer des liens forts avec des partenaires européens.
Among them, some were dedicated to issues concerning "sciences and techniques dedicated to the cultural heritage". The LRMF (Laboratoire de Recherche des Musées de France), which had the status of a common research laboratory between CNRS and the Ministry of Culture, participated to several projects initiated by Christian Lahannier and devoted to high defi nition digitisation of photographs or radiographs, teletransmission of the resulting digital fi les, multi-spectral imaging techniques, image processing  4. This started in 1989 with the VASARI and NARCISSE projects. The database resulting from the NARCISSE project is still available on the website of the Ministry of Culture (http://www. culture. gouv. fr/documentation/lrmf/pres. htm). Jean-Claude Dran, in charge of the AGLAE team, developped with his team two COST actions  5.
Principaux résultats -Bilan Une enquête a été diffusée auprès de 225 institutions actives en recherche sur la conservation du patrimoine culturel. Au terme du projet, 114 institutions de 26 pays ont répondu à cette enquête. Les plus fortes contributions provenaient d'Italie, de France, d'Allemagne, du Royaume-Uni, de Grèce, du Portugal, de Belgique, d'Espagne, des États-Unis… Les institutions participantes étaient diverses : universités ou établissements d'enseignement supérieur, organismes publics de recherche, musées, institutions culturelles publiques, centres de restauration… Une base de données a été créée, rassemblant les principales caractéristiques de ces institutions : personnel affecté, types de collections concernées, matériaux étudiés, techniques mises en oeuvre… Ces informations montrent que la palette des techniques est très vaste, que même les grands laboratoires ne peuvent mettre en oeuvre toutes ces techniques, ce qui justifi e donc l'intérêt du travail en réseau.
Main results -Assessment A survey was distributed to 225 institutions active in conservation science. At the end of the project, 114 institutions from 26 countries completed the survey. The more important contributions were from Italy, France, Germany, United Kingdom, Greece, Portugal, Belgium, Spain, United States… The participating institutions were diverse: Universities, public research institutions, public cultural institutions, museums, restoration workshops, technical centres, libraries… One has created a database, collecting the main characteristics of these institutions: staff, concerned types of collections, studied materials, operated techniques… This information show clearly that the palette of techniques is quite large, and that even the large laboratories are not able to operate all these techniques, which justifi es the interest of such a networking.
heritage institutions, restoration workshops, instrumentation manufacturers, libraries, local authorities… The survey, initiated in the frame of LabS TECH, dedicated to the examination and analysis techniques was extended and updated continuously. At the project's end, 151 institutions or enterprises have collaborated in this database. Table  II  gives the list and the frequency of use of the more used techniques (on a total number of 114). The domains in which are involved the participants in the survey are quite different, as far as type of collections and studied materials are concerned. In order to promote the results obtained in its frame, Eu-ARTECH organised international conferences, workshops, courses and thematic seminars, the majority of them lead to publications 12 to 20. For others, documents are available on the project website  11.
À son 17 High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) 42 terme, 151 institutions ou entreprises 18 Gas Chromatography -Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) 41 ont contribué à l'élaboration de cette base de données. Le tableau II donne la liste et la fréquence d'utilisation des techniques les plus utilisées (114 au total). 19 20 21 22 Infrared Silver Emulsion Photography Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA / TG / DTG) X-ray Fluorescence Analysis -X-ray Tube -Laboratory Fixed Instrument Universal Mechanical Testing 41 40 39 39 23 Low Angled Photography 39 Pour valoriser ses résultats, Eu-ARTECH 24 Infrared Refl ectography Electronic Camera 39 a organisé des conférences internatio- 25 Spectro-Photo-Colorimetry 38 nales, des écoles pratiques et des sémi-naires thématiques, dont la majorité a fait l'objet de publications 12 à 20.
However, relative gas permeability measurements on weakly permeable media remain challenging. Recent developments have allowed the study of low permeability materials, such as concrete  [4]  and tight sandstones  [5]. The present study focuses on a tight carbonate rock with clay content, extracted from a caprock facies interval. First, the relative gas permeability is assessed experimentally with respect to partial water saturation. To get a deeper understanding of the porous network properties, two porosity measurement methods are used and a capillary pressure curve is determined (Sect. 1 and 2). Second, an analytical permeability upscaling model is proposed and compared to experimental data in Section 3.
INTRODUCTION Par commodité et simplicité, les ports du Monde sont évalués par leur trafic de marchandises, la plupart du temps en données brutes exprimées en tonnes de fret, à la sortie ou à l'entrée de l'enceinte portuaire. Il existe ainsi de nombreuses bases de données qui circulent pour mettre en comparaison les organismes portuaires, soit en se focalisant sur telle activité spécifique (les conteneurs en particulier, grâce au Containerisation International Yearbook, dont les informations sont reprises partiellement par les données en ligne de l'International Association of  Ports and Harbors, IAPH) , soit en cherchant à comptabiliser tous les trafics, comme la série francophone des Ports du Monde, réalisée par Isemar et proposée par le Journal de la Marine Marchande sous la responsabilité éditoriale de WK Transport Logistique, ou comme les tableaux compilés par l'American Association of Ports Authori-ties (AAPA).
De tels résultats peuvent évidemment surprendre et nous obligent à un devoir d'inventaire, fondé sur une meilleure compréhension des modes de comptage des diverses bases de données qui sont mises à notre disposition. On comprend aisément que derrière l'étalage flatteur de certaines statistiques, se cache en réalité la promotion satisfaite des autorités portuaires qui les diffusent, sans pour autant aider le chercheur ou l'esprit critique à se faire une opinion fiable sur les réalités des activités et fonctions de la place dont ces autorités ont la charge. Trop d'imprécisions pèsent sur les champs de saisie des frets, sur leur réelle nature et sur les unités de compte qui les mesurent pour qu'il ne soit pas nécessaire de revenir sur ces questions dans une première Section de la présente étude.
The kinetic model was implemented in a single phase plug-flow reactor model, and contained 15 parameters, which were determined from a database of 90 experimental data points with 5 independent responses each. In 2000, López García improved the prediction of the model in terms of hydrodesulfurization  (López García, 2000; López García et al. , 2003)  by introducing 3 sulfur lumps which represent the 3 most refractory sulfur classes of the AGO: DBT, 4-DBT and 46-DBT (Fig. 5b ). The determination of the 3 sulfur lumps was determined by Gas Chromatography (GC) coupled with a sulfur-specific SCD detector. This extended reaction network contained 9 overall reactions. To reduce the number of rate constants in the rate equations, the author applied the RDS approach for the various reactions on the two types of active sites: hydrogenation sites and hydrogenolysis sites.
The experimental domain was extended in terms of operating temperature (from T base À20 °C to T base +10 °C) and Liquid Hourly Space Velocity (from 0. 5 to 4 Sm 3 /m 3 /h). Although three full range LCO and five LCO aromatic extracts were used, the feedstock variability was still limited, as only one type of feed (FCC derived feeds) was used. Further improvements concerned the introduction of thermodynamic constraints for the reversible reaction, and the use of a two-phase plug-flow reactor model based on a Grayson-Streed flash calculation. By introducing the effect of the temperature, the number of parameters was increased to 31, which were determined from a database of 122 experimental data points with 8 independent responses each. To further improve the prediction capabilities of the kinetic model for the AGO hydrotreating process, the direct lumping approach based on the analytical capabilities was abandoned, and a new kinetic model based on a feedstock reconstruction approach (see Sect.
Deterministic Molecular Reconstruction Approach The deterministic molecular reconstruction approach consists of modeling the mixture composition by means of a set of molecules whose mixture properties are close to those of the mixture to be represented. The synthetic mixture of molecules is generated by estimating the mole fractions of the predefined database of compounds. The development of such an approach is usually done in the following manner: 1. creation of a predefined database of compounds, 2. definition of the objective function (analytical constraints), 3. modification of the mole fractions of the compounds. The creation of a database of compounds is extremely important for the accuracy of the molecular reconstruction method, because this step chooses which compounds will be considered.