dataesr/scientific-paragraphs-categorization huggingface dataset:
(2015)  tagged the modified primers ITS1ngs, ITS1Fngs and ITS4ngs, and developed the ITS4Tul2 primer for the full length of ITS. Their integrated utilization matched most of the known mycorrhizal assemblages of orchids (incl. 97% of Tulasnellaceae). Recently, a newly developed primer 5. 8S-OF combined with two different reverse primers (ITS4OF and ITS4Tul) revealed good success on OMF  (Vogt-Schilb et al. , 2020). Tulasnellaceae (from the order Cantharellales) are the key mycorrhizal symbionts of orchids, mainly its clades A and B. Compared to clade A, clade B is well differentiated and hardly amplified by general primers or even by Tulasnellaceae-specific primers  (Girlanda et al. , 2011; Lindahl et al. , 2013). According to User-friendly Nordic ITS Ectomycorrhiza (UNITE) database dedicated to molecular identification of fungi, 1 approximately 3/4 of Tulasnellaceae sequences belong to clade A; however, considering strong primer and sampling biases (mainly in the Northern Hemisphere), Tulasnellaceae clade B could be underrepresented, in spite of being equally common  (Oja et al.
5. In recent years, the determination and analysis of core microbiota in environmental samples have attracted a great deal of attention. Current studies on orchid core fungal taxa mainly use the traditional Venn diagrams, which ignore some ecological characteristics (e. g. , the coexistence of members in an ecosystem and some of their functions). To improve the efficiency and accuracy of such predictions, it is recommended to use platforms or software, such as MetaCoMET, COREMIC, BURRITO, and PhyloCore, that consider more critical ecological information (e. g. , composition, persistence, connectivity, phylogeny, and functional redundancy) to predict and analyze key species in a given microbial community. It also necessary to standardize their application for orchid-fungal communities based on the effect of various methods, thus facilitating better comparability of core fungal taxa of different or the same orchid species from different case studies.
French GDP and job market: X-compositional model In this second illustration, we are interested in the impact on French GDP of the structure (composition) and the volume (total) of the French job market in the three main sectors of activity: Agriculture (primary), Industry (secondary), and Services (tertiary). GDP is expressed in million euros (current price) and total employment in thousands of people. The data is collected quarterly from 2004 to 2018 1. We use the olr transformation corresponding to the sequential binary partition: Agriculture versus Industry and Services, and Industry versus Services. We consider the model explaining the GDP as a function of total employment and the two olr coordinates associated to the above olr transformation. It is therefore an Xcompositional model including a total, in this case the simple arithmetic total employment.
Measuring Soil Health When soil amendments are applied, it is essential to qualify and quantify the effect of the soil treatment, and there are different indicators that have been used  [39]. These include soil physical and biochemical properties, microbial communities, and disease suppression indicated by reduced populations of pathogens and incidence of disease. For soil property analysis, standard procedures have been well established and applied. Soil pH, N content and cations and oligoelements can be indicators  [39]. Since there are many parameters that contribute to soil health at different levels, metadata can be analyzed using principal component analysis (PCA) or similar statistical methods. For microbial analysis, soil health can be measured by microbial biomass. For example, the enzyme activity of microbes is measured using fluorescein diacetate (FDA) hydrolysis assays  [34].
Case 1 In February 2013, a 50-year-old woman was hospitalized for headache and nausea revealing deep cerebral vein thrombosis (CT scan, MRI). Anticoagulants were initiated and all signs disappeared within a few days. In April, while the patient was still under low-molecularweight heparin, anemia led to the diagnosis of right colon cancer with peritoneal carcinosis. After a multidisciplinary team meeting, it was decided to propose three cycles of chemotherapy, and then to include her in a trial comparing complete surgery (colic and peritoneal) alone or associated with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (PRODIGE 7 trial -EudraCT number: 2006-006175-20). Two days after the first cycle of FOLFOX (April 2013), she experienced acute bilateral sight loss episodes (6-10 episodes per day, lasting some minutes), spontaneously resolving within a week and not associated with other severe peripheral neuropathy, particularly with only minor paresthesia.
Case 2 In 2019, a 57-year-old nurse had abdominal pain and discomfort. Her past history was marked by ophthalmologic problems with congenital cataract and retinal detachment, both requiring many eye surgeries. Colonoscopy revealed a sigmoid mass and she underwent a left colectomy in April 2019. Pathological examination concluded in adenocarcinoma classified as pT4aN2b (7 positive nodes among 17 examined) M0, resection R0. She was included in an adjuvant chemotherapy trial comparing FOLFOX to FOLFIRINOX (IROCAS trial, EUDRACT number: 2016-001491-29). After the first cycle of FOLFIRINOX, she experienced severe diarrhea leading to a decrease in the irinotecan dose. Despite this decrease, she had another episode of severe diarrhea following the second cycle and irinotecan was stopped. Therefore, the third cycle was limited to FOLFOX.
Acknowledgements The authors thank Jeremie Gaillard,  Karin John  and  Laura Schaedel  for interesting discussions, exciting experiments, instructive modeling and a pleasant collaboration. Triclin S, et al. : Self-repair protects microtubules from their destruction by molecular motors. BioRxiv 2018:499020, https:// doi. org/10. 1101/499020. This work shows that the mechanical work of motors can damage microtubules and catalyse their self-repair.
Ethics. The study was carried out in accordance with the precepts of the Declaration of Helsinki, approved by the local institutional review board (Comité de Protection des Personnes Nord Ouest IV, Lille, France; reference: SC14/03) and registered at ClinicalTrials. gov (NCT02281149). All included patients received information on the study's objectives and procedures. In line with the French legislation on the analysis of data collected during routine care, patients gave their consent to participation.
Regardless of the technique (IMRT or 3D-CRT), women with a larger cup size are more exposed to a risk of late skin adverse events  46, 47. Study limitations and strengths. The study had a number of strengths. Firstly, this was one of the largest yet studies of IMRT with SIB (n = 170 patients, 59%) as an adjuvant treatment for breast cancer. Secondly, the study's prospective design produced full, unbiased datasets on adverse events. The fact that the detected events were grade 1 suggests good treatment tolerance in the short and medium terms. Thirdly, the present study is the first to have reported on the correlation between toxicity and dosimetric factors. The study also had some limitations. Firstly, our population was relatively heterogeneous, with total mastectomy vs. breast-conserving surgery, and chemotherapy prior to IMRT, SIB, and axillary lymph node irradiation in some cases but not others.
Acknowledgements The authors would like to thank the " Programme de coopération transfrontalière Interreg France-Wallonie-Vlaanderen" for funding the "Nanocardio " project (http://nanocardio. eu), the  PHC   Brancusi program  (project n •  43465WA ), and the  PlAneT platform  (supported by the  European Regional Development Fund  and the  Region Champagne-Ardenne ). The authors thank the NanoMat platform supported by the  European Regional Development Fund , the  DRRT Grand Est  and the  Region Grand Est  and especially  Dr N. B. Bercu  for his technical assistance. This work was also performed with the financial support of the  FNRS, FEDER , the  ARC , the  Walloon Region (Biowin and Interreg projects)  and the  COST actions. Authors thank the  Center for Microscopy and Molecular Imaging (CMMI , supported by  European Regional Development Fund Wallonia)  and the Bioprofiling platform (supported by the  European Regional Development Fund  and the  Walloon Region, Belgium).
64 The administration of alpelisib under compassionate care protocols in 19 non-MCAP PROS individuals who had life-threatening complications and/or were scheduled for debulking surgery evidenced encouraging results in reduction of vascular tumor size, hemihypertrophy and scoliosis and improvement of congestive heart failure improvement. However, the type of care protocol does not allow unequivocal conclusions about drug safety or efficacy. 65 At the time of submission of this manuscript, a prospective Phase II multi-center study with an upfront 16-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled period, and extension periods, to assess the efficacy, safety and pharmacokinetics of alpelisib in pediatric and adult participants with PROS, is open (Identifier: NCT04589650).
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We are grateful for the support of Christy Collins on behalf of the  M-CM Network USA  and  Lorraine Yeomans ,  M-CM UK. We thank our patients and their families for all they have taught us. The expert meeting was funded by the  M-CM Network  and  M-CM UK  with support from  AMCME España. GMM is supported by funding from  Jordan's Guardian Angels , the  Brotman Baty Institute , and the  Sunderland Foundation. LGB was supported by  NHGRI  intramural research support via  HG200388-07. RKS is supported by the  Wellcome Trust  [grant  210752/Z/18/Z ].
Recently, the combination of the selective inhibitor of nuclear export (SINE) compound selinexor and lowdose dexamethasone (Sel-dex) was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for patients with penta-refractory multiple myeloma who received at least four prior therapies, and whose disease is refractory to at least two proteasome inhibitors, at least two immunomodulatory agents, and an anti-CD38 monoclonal antibody  [21]. Selinexor was also recently approved for patients with relapsed or refractory (R/R) diffuse large B-cell lymphoma  [22]. Selinexor is also currently being evaluated in a variety of hematologic and solid malignancies, including studies combining selinexor with other agents in patients with R/R AML (NCT02249091, NCT03071276, and NCT02416908). Several orally bioavailable, small-molecule XPO1inhibitor agents, termed SINE compounds, are in development and have demonstrated promising activity in AML cell lines, animal models, and patient samples  [20, [23] [24] [25].
Study design Selinexor in Older Patients with Relapsed AML (SOPRA; NCT02088541) was a phase II, randomized, open-label, multicenter study conducted in 11 countries across North America and Europe. The protocol was approved by the institutional review board or independent ethics committee at each participating center, and in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki, the International Conference on Harmonization (ICH), Harmonized Tripartite Guidelines for Good Clinical Practice (GCP), and local laws. Written informed consent was obtained from all patients before study participation.
Acknowledgments The authors would like to thank the patients, their families, and all investigators involved in this study. The medical writing support was provided by  Minal Kotecha, Ph. D. , and  Liz Anfield , and editorial support by  Bethany King, BSc , all of Core Medica, UK, supported by Karyopharm according to Good Publication Practice guidelines (https://www. acpjournals. org/doi/10. 7326/M15-0288 ). The sponsor was involved in the study design, collection, analysis, and interpretation of data, as well as data checking of information provided in the manuscript. However, the ultimate responsibility for opinions, conclusions, and data interpretation lies with the authors.
Literature Search We searched articles in the medical databases PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar in May 2021. Multiple searches were carried out using the following MeSH ("COPD") AND ("Altitude" OR "Air travel"). We assessed titles or abstracts of underlined articles, and then the full text of potentially relevant articles were retrieved. After identification of key articles, their references were also studied for further information sources. The search was performed independently by 2 assessors (TG, AFC) to judge titles and abstracts of potentially relevant articles, and then the full-text articles were retrieved. All relevant articles were read independently in full text by the two researchers (TG, AFC).
Acknowledgements A. M. , J. P. , P. P, M. B. , and E. B. thank the  Institute of Physics of Charles University  for providing the necessary facilities to conduct this research. A. M. , J. P. , P. P, M. B. , and E. B. acknowledge financial support from the  Grant Agency of the Czech Republic , Grant No. P102/19/11920S , and the  Grant Agency of Charles University , project No. 1234119. H. E. thanks the  Ministry of Education, Youth, and Sports of the Czech Republic -National Program of Sustainability  ( NPU LO1305 ). The authors gratefully acknowledge  Vaclav Dedic ,  Martin Rejhon ,  Jan Franc , and  Roman Grill  for their assistance. A. M. acknowledges financial support from the  German Science Foundation (DFG)  in the framework of the priority program SPP 2196. D. R. C. thanks the  European Union 's  Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme  under the  Marie Skłodowoska Curie Grant  Agreement No.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS τ xz ½i½t ¼ σ zz fc 1 -ðc 1 -c 2 Þ × ½1 -expð-c 3 I½i½tÞ þ c 4 I½i½t c 5 g × 1 - β 2 I½i½t ðI½i þ 1½t -2I½i½t þ I½i -1½tÞ Δz 2 ; ðA2Þ where indices t and i, pertaining to any quantity, represent the current time and the index of the spatial node, and Δz is the spacing between two nodes. The simulation for a given small U is initialized by taking a continuous shape of the velocity profile across the gap H ¼ ðn -2ÞΔz (n is the number of nodes), for example, a slightly perturbed linear profile v x ½i þ 1=2½0 ¼ U=Hði -0. 5ÞΔz þ v 0 , where v 0 is a small random velocity. Shear rate is then calculated as _ γ½i½0 ¼ ðv x ½i þ 1=2½0v x ½i -1=2½0Þ=Δz, followed by inertial number I½i½0 ¼ _ γ½i½0d= ffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffi σ zz =ρ p p. After that, the shear stress τ xz ½i½0 is calculated from Eq.
This work was supported by the ANR Grant No. ANR-17-CE08-0017 under COPRINT (Cohesive Powders Rheology: Innovative Tools) project. The authors acknowledge Sébastien Manneville and Thibaut Divoux for a fruitful conversation. APPENDIX A: CONTINUUM SIMULATIONS USING THE NONLOCAL MODELA nonmonotonic intrinsic rheological curve μ int ðIÞ of the following shape is introduced in the model:μ int ðIÞ ¼ c 1 -ðc 1c 2 Þ½1expð-c 3 IÞ þ c 4 I c 5 ;ðA1Þwhere c 1 ¼ 1. 36, c 2 ¼ 0. 56, c 3 ¼ 53. 75, c 4 ¼ 0. 43, and c 5 ¼ 2 are constants. This μ int ðIÞ closely approximates the intrinsic rheological curve for C eff ¼ 0. 1 [Fig. 6(a)] in the range I ∈ ð0; 0. 45Þ. Combining Eqs. (.
Acknowledgments We are grateful to  Marc Chodkiewicz  for the critical reading of this paper. We thank  Maryse Meurisse  and  Marie-Claire Blache  from the imaging platform  PIC (INRAe, Nouzilly, France)  and  Thierry Meylheuc  from the imaging facility  MIMA2 (INRAe, Jouy-en-Josas, France)  for their help with confocal and scanning electronic microscopy images. MSD thanks the  CNRS  for full-time delegation in the PRC Unit.
, 2017) , rs13702 in LPL associated with HDL-cholesterol levels  (Richardson et al. , 2013) , and rs12190287 in TCF21 associated with coronary artery disease  (Miller et al. , 2014). Each case required meta-analysis across multiple trait or population datasets and annotation with well-known regulatory factors, before being pursued with low-throughput luciferase confirmations. These factors demonstrate how current 3'UTR causal variant discovery is burdensome and highlight the need for high-throughput tools to characterize the functional impact of 3'UTR variants on gene expression. The development of Massively Parallel Reporter Assays (MPRAs) has enabled simultaneous testing of thousands of variants for cis-regulatory activity to nominate causal variants in non-coding regions  (van Arensbergen et al.
MPRAu allelic effects are reflected in gene expression and human phenotype changes After demonstrating MPRAu's ability to detect the activity of 3'UTR elements, we asked whether our tamVar allelic effects are supported by causal alleles altering gene expression or phenotypic traits. We compared tamVars in GM12878 to cell-type matched allele-specific expression (ASE) data from heterozygous individuals in the Geuvadis RNA-seq dataset  (Lappalainen et al. , 2013)  and used this comparison to estimate the positive predictive value (PPV) for tamVars in the assay. We observed moderately strong concordance between our tamVars and endogenously observed ASE (66. 1% directionality agreement, binomial p=0. 011) (Fig. 4a ), which corresponds to a PPV of 32%. With higher stringency ASE calls (two-sided t-test p<0.
Acknowledgments We thank  S. Schaffner ,  S. Gosai ,  S. Weingarten-Gabbay ,  A. E. Lin ,  D. Kotliar ,  C. Myhrvold , and  C. Tomkins-Tinch  for thoughtful conversations and help with editing the manuscript. We thank  D. P. Bartel  as well as his lab for thoughtful discussions. We thank  I. Shlyakhter  for providing the CMS regions. This work,  D. Griesemer ,  J. R. Xue ,  S. K. Reilly  and  R. Tewhey  were supported as an  ENCODE Functional Characterization Center  ( UM1HG009435 ), a  Broad SPARC  grant,  NSF   DEB-1401237 , and the  Howard Hughes Medical Institute. D. Griesemer  was partially supported by  F30GM114940. S. K. Reilly  was partially supported by  K99HG010669  and  F32HG00922. R. Tewhey  is supported by  R00HG008179.
Model input data A targeted literature review for French-specific inputs was conducted. The model structure, treatment pathway, assumptions and HCRU were validated by French ophthalmologists. Model population. The baseline patient population was 65-year old with mild-to-moderate OAG, with a mean IOP of 24. 8 mmHg and on 1. 6 medications. The mean age at treatment initiation in France was not identified in the literature. Instead, an Italian study was used to estimate the mean age of the target population, under the assumption that the onset of disease and disease progression of glaucoma is relatively similar between Italy and France  [28]. In absence of French specific data, baseline distribution of glaucoma severity at treatment initiation from a large US claims database was used, with 83.
The 1-year data was extrapolated and adjusted for their relevant French market shares  [30]. Health care resource utilization (HCRU), costs and utilities. French tariffs are reported in 2019 Euros (€) and costs extracted from the literature were inflated to 2019 values using the French consumer price index  [31]. Health care resource utilization (HCRU). Mean annual number of ophthalmologist consultations, hospital practitioner consultations, VF defect tests, optic disc imaging and proportion of surgeries taking place in public and private hospitals was elicited from French ophthalmologists. Twenty-five percent of surgeries were assumed to take place in public hospitals and 75% in private hospitals. HCRU details can be found in the online appendix. Surgery, medication and adverse event costs.
Surgery costs were obtained from French diagnostic related groups (DRG) for public and private hospitals  [32]. The estimated average cost across private and public hospitals was €1,427 for iStent inject TBS + Cat Sx, €1,083 for Cat Sx alone, €125 for SLT and €1,367 for filtering surgery. Costs for ophthalmologists and hospital practitioners consultations were €36  [33]. Medication costs were obtained from the French claims database of MedicAm  [30]. A shelf life of 1 month, and 21% wastage for all medication bottles was used and validated by French ophthalmologists  [34]. The weighted average medication cost per month including 21% wastage and a dispensing fee of €1. 02 of which 65% is reimbursed was estimated to be €9. 31 [35]. If there was an option between several brands or sizes for one active ingredient, the most economical option was used.
Hydrogen recovery fraction and decontamination factor The hydrogen recovery fraction (HRF), a measure of the relative total of hydrogen recovered from the feed, can be calculated based on feed and retentate measurements using Eq. (  5 ) during WGS experiments and  Eq. (  6 ) during MSR experiments with the variables described in Table  2 : •m -1 •s -1 •Pa -0. 5 HRF WGS = 100 ( 1 - F ret (x H2 + 2x CH4 + x H2O ) F H2O ) (5 ) HRF MSR = 100 ( 1 - F ret (x H2 + 2x CH4 + x H2O ) 2F CH4 + F H2O ) (6) The accuracy of the GC far surpasses that of the permeate MFC, therefore Eqs. (  5 ) and (  6 ) were used to determine the hydrogen recovery fraction throughout this experiment. As water is removed before entering the GC due to damage possibilities, the retentate flow rate of water, F ret (x H2O ), was calculated from the total flow, and corroborated with humidity data and the presence of methane and carbon monoxide in the retentate flow.
Methane experiment Initial standard experimental runs were conducted for varying flow rates of methane and water to assess the efficacy of the experimental setup. Data in Fig. 4  is averaged, once steady state is achieved, over 2-3 h continuous operation. Standard deviation varied from ± 1. 25% for 14. 1 ml/min CH 4 feed to ± 1. 30% for 21. 1 ml/min CH 4 feed. Inlet parameters were as per Table  3  (shown as returned values). The CH 4 :H 2 O ratio was maintained at 1. 84 ± 0. 005. Permeate pressure rose quickly above the maximum range of the high accuracy permeate pressure sensor (max. range 133. 3 Pa). The permeate pressure on the low accuracy-wide range pressure sensor averaged 515 ± 147 Pa and 779 ± 91 Pa, however with the proximity to the bottom of the sensor range these often show higher (300 to 400 Pa) than dedicated low pressure (less than 200 Pa full range) sensors.
Xiangfang Xu: Writing -original draft, Participated in neutron diffraction experiments, helped during building of WAAM structure and contributed towards discussions during preparation of the manuscript. Sandra Cabeza: Formal analysis, Sandra is the instrument scientist at SALSA, ILL. She helped us as the Instrument scientist during the experimentation. She also helped in analysis of data from the neutron diffraction experimentation. Harry Coules: Supervision, Formal analysis, Writing -original draft, Harry was the supervisor of Cui. Harry helped in the microstructural analysis part during preparation of the manuscript. Stewart Williams: Supervision, Writingoriginal draft, Stewart is the PI of the NEWAM programme. He was also supervisor of Jan Hönnige and helped in improving the technical discussion part of the manuscript particularly the redistribution of residual stress and distortion part of the manuscript.
Acknowledgement The authors would like to give their gratitude to  Flemming Nielsen  from  Cranfield University ,  Peter Ledgard  from  The Open University ,  Milton Keynes , and  Thilo Pirling  from the SALSA beamline at ILL. The financial support was given through the  New Wire Additive Manufacturing (NEWAM)  project by the  Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC)  (Project number  -EP/R027218/1 ).