dataesr/scientific-paragraphs-categorization huggingface dataset:
In the three regions where data is available (Catalonia, Tuscany and Apulia), a clear majority of participatory processes has received financial support (usually a part of the total amount) from supralocal public administrations 14. This dual role of public institutions, as promoters and funders of these experiences, gives them an important amount of control of the processes themselves, of their use and potentially of their contents and outcomes, which is quite different from the general situation in the US. In order to illustrate the progressive nature (or lack thereof) of the promoters of these experiences, Graph 2 shows the political party of the mayors promoting them by region. Basically, the distribution of the graph corresponds to the electoral situation in each of these regions: traditionally, Andalusia has been dominated by the left and Madrid has been dominated by the right wing, while Apulia is more equally balanced.
Our data cannot fully confirm this pattern, but at least they are consistent with this hypothesis: the left is generating participatory mechanisms in municipalities where there is no prior institutionalization to a greater degree than the right, which has tended more to maintain already existing instruments. Participation departments and plans are key factors in this process of institutionalization, especially in scenarios of right-wing governments. Under right-wing governments, almost two thirds of participatory experiences were developed in municipalities with a participation department (91. 5% in the Madrid region) and more than a half in municipalities with a participation plan (83. 3% in Madrid). The difference with the lower presence of these departments under leftwing or social-democratic governments is statistically significant.
The Participants: Is Deliberation Reproducing Social Inequalities? Even if the technical organizers are important, the central element for any participation process to be developed is the presence of participants. Deliberative innovations have been designed to engage civil society and individual citizens in the political process. Our data allows some discussion on the participants in these processes. Which are the different sectors targeted by these participatory processes? We have information about the different types of participants in 354 experiences carried out in three of our regions (Andalusia, Madrid & Apulia). The different targets are not exclusive; one initiative can address different actors. The data reflect that most of these processes are open spaces, where citizens in general are one of the main targets (65.
Graph 6. Level of intended influence of participatory processes, by region Source: Our database. N = 332. Lee (2011)  suggested that some of the assumptions that public deliberation scholars often make should be revised. We have contributed to discuss a few of them, as well as to other debates about the characteristics and qualities of these practices through the analysis of new empirical information from the Southern European context. Our contribution was new in at least two senses. First, it comes from a region whose participatory experiences are much less known by the international community and in which, as we have shown throughout the article, the set of common deliberative practices are quite different from those in other world areas. Second, our empirical basis was quite different from most previous research, since it is based on a quite diverse mapping of local experiences developed in five regions.
Breakdown of participants in participative experiences, by region Source: Our database. N = 449 (citizens), 356 (NGO or foundation), 552 (unions), 449 (socioeconomic agents), 449 (political parties). The 2006 CIS survey allows us to analyze the different characteristics of Spanish citizens who have participated in at least one of a list of six different kinds of participatory mechanisms which correspond with the main participatory possibilities existing in Spain: Agenda 21, Participatory Budgeting, sectorial or.
Graph 4. 4 Breakdown of participants in participative experiences, by region Source: Our database. N = 449 (citizens), 356 (NGO or foundation), 552 (unions), 449 (socioeconomic agents), 449 (political parties). The 2006 CIS survey allows us to analyze the different characteristics of Spanish citizens who have participated in at least one of a list of six different kinds of participatory mechanisms which correspond with the main participatory possibilities existing in Spain: Agenda 21, Participatory Budgeting, sectorial or.
Political party of the mayor at the time of the experience, by region Source: Our database. N = 287. 100% 96. 8% 91. 3% 90. 1% 80% 80. 6% 61. 2% 75. 0% 77. 4% 66. 9% 60% 49. 2% 52. 2% 40% 20% 0% Andalusia Madrid Catalonia Tuscany Apulia Promoter: only local government (all regions) Promoter: other administration (Andalusia & Apulia) External funding (Catalonia, Tuscany & Apulia) Graph 2.
The data collection process is part of the broader MECPALO project. The project focuses on Spain as its central case and, for each of the data collection procedures, it incorporates either France or Italy as mirror cases that allow going beyond the single state approach. Most of the local results presented here will be from Spain or Italy, but the French case shows clear similarities with many of the patterns of these two countries (Talpin, 2011). The project has been developed with financial support from the Spanish Science Department (Grant CSO2009-08968 and Grant CSO2012-31832). For a full description of the data sources and data collection procedures of the local databases seeFont et al (2014).
Data Collection The roe deer population at Trois Fontaines has been intensively monitored for more than 35 y by the Office National de la Chasse et de la Faune Sauvage based on a detailed Capture-Mark-Recapture program. Roe deer are individually marked using numbered collars and ear-tags. A systematic search for newborn fawns was conducted every year from late April to mid-June between 1985 and 2010  [60]. In 2011, searches ended earlier and the last fawn was found on May 20th. Fawns were handled by experienced people, ear-tagged, and weighed. Their sex was recorded and their age estimated to the nearest day using umbilicus characteristics and behaviour at marking  [61]. Birth dates were back-calculated using these estimated ages and the day of capture. The average age at marking was about 5 d, and all fawns were marked within 20 d.
To quantify the mismatch between median birth date and the vegetation flush at the population level, we subtracted the median birth date from the annual flowering date. Birth Date: A Trait Under Selection? Available data were not detailed enough to build pedigrees, so we measured heritability using the weighted regression of the median parturition date of each daughter against the median parturition date of her mother  [65]. To assess whether roe deer birth date was under selection, we analyzed the relationship between birth date and early survival at the level of the individual with a generalized linear model and a logit link. We included year in the model to control for interannual variation in environmental conditions. We tested for linear, quadratic, and threshold effects of birth date on individual early survival.
Acknowledgments We thank the  Office National de la Chasse et de la Faune Sauvage  and the many volunteers and colleagues who participated in catching and monitoring fawns on the study site of Trois Fontaines. We are grateful to the  ComiteInterprofessionnel du Vin de Champagne  for collecting the data on the flowering date of the vineyards in the Champagne region and we thank  Jean-Luc Dupouey  for consultation during the analysis design.
Study design A general recommendation was made at the 1st PAGES Sea Ice Proxy (SIP) meeting  (Montreal, 2012 ) that an interlaboratory investigation into the measurement of IP 25 in marine sediments would add to the value of studies based on this biomarker in the future. Therefore, a number of laboratories were contacted who had either contributed to published IP 25 data or were known to be planning to do so. The invitation consisted of a description of the basic aims of the study and a timescale within which to carry out the analyses and report back findings. Agreement was obtained from 9 laboratories. Since one laboratory offered to provide data from 2 different researchers, 10 potential datasets were available. In practice, 2 laboratories were not able to provide data by the deadline, so the outcomes presented here represent the output from 7 laboratories and one pseudo-duplicate (2 researchers from the same laboratory (A1 and A2)).
In order to investigate a potential reason for this, one of the aliquots containing standards of IP 25 /7-HND/9-OHD was returned to the Plymouth laboratory and re-analysed using GC-MS. Significantly, the response factor was ca. twice the original value (pre-distribution), presumably reflecting a change in composition of the mix of standards at some point. Further, this change was associated with the mix of standards used by Lab F, whose reported IP 25 concentrations from S1-S3 were consistently higher than those from other laboratories (Fig. 2 ). As such, not only do these data demonstrate clearly the importance of instrumental response factors when calculating absolute IP 25 concentrations, but also that determining these accurately is not a trivial exercise, even when the relevant standards are available.
Analysis of the DIP 25 ratio Although the main focus of the current study was on the measurement of IP 25 , each laboratory also collected GC-MS data for a closely related di-unsaturated HBI (C 25:2 ; Fig. 1 ). C 25:2 is also known to be produced by Arctic sea ice diatoms  (Belt et al. , 2007; Brown et al. , 2011)  and its concentration in underlying sediments is normally strongly correlated with that of IP 25 (e. g. Vare et al. , 2009; Cabedo-Sanz et al. , 2013). In some previous studies, it has been suggested that the C 25:2 / IP 25 ratio (the so-called DIP 25 index; Cabedo-Sanz et al. , 2013) may provide further insights into Arctic sea ice conditions (e. g. Fahl and Stein, 2012; Stein et al. , 2012; Cabedo-Sanz et al. , 2013; Xiao et al. , 2013)  although this is in need of further investigation.
Further, DIP 25 ratios from Lab B were much more variable within triplicates than for other laboratories, with %RSDs for S2 and S3 being particularly high (> 50 %), probably due to greater variability in the extraction efficiency for C 25:2 with the extraction method (ASE) used by this laboratory (see Sect. 4. 4). Consequently, DIP 25 data from Labs B & C were not included in further comparisons. For the remaining laboratories, mean %RSDs were lower for individual laboratories than %RSDs for the collective datasets, consistent with the observations made previously for IP 25 alone; however, both of these measures of variability were lower than for the corresponding values for IP 25. This probably reflects the difference between the extraction of 2 near identical analytes already contained within the sediment (IP 25 and C 25:2 ) versus an analyte (e.
Sediments from the Antarctic Peninsula The final sediment within the full inter-laboratory study (S5) was taken from the Antarctic Peninsula, which, like sediment S4, was considered to represent a blank for IP 25 since this biomarker has not been detected in sediments from the Southern Ocean (e. g. Massé et al. , 2011). However, unlike S4, sediment S5 was taken from a region of known seasonal sea ice cover and the related di-unsaturated HBI biomarker (C 25:2 ) has been reported in sediments from such regions in the Antarctic. Indeed, the measurement of C 25:2 has been proposed as a proxy measure of sea ice when detected in Antarctic sediments  (Massé et al. , 2011). IP 25 was not identified in S5 by Labs A1/A2/B/E/F, but data attributable to IP 25 were reported by Labs C/H/I (Fig. 3 ; Tables  2, 3 ).
As such, we strongly recommend the use of a reference sediment with known IP 25 concentration for the determination of procedural (including instrumental) RFs. We also believe that determination of RFs should be carried out as part of routine quality control procedures (see below) since the magnitude likely varies with instrumental operating conditions, and the same checks should also be made when calculating other ratio-based measurements such as the DIP 25 ratio. The second key outcome relates to the data obtained from S4. On the basis of prior analysis, this sediment was thought to contain no IP 25 , consistent with the location from which the sediment was obtained (SW Iceland). However, although 5 laboratories did not identify IP 25 , as expected, this biomarker was detected and quantified by 3 (Labs C/H/I; Fig.
g. Massé et al. , 2011). Previously,  Belt et al. (2012b)  explained the origin of the potential interference of C 25:2 on IP 25 measurements which, in brief, relates to the overlapping chromatographic (GC) and mass spectrometric (MS) properties of the two biomarkers. The current study, however, represents a tangible and realistic example of this interference and, as already discussed (Sect. 4. 3), the apparent detection of IP 25 by Labs H/I is likely explained by this phenomenon. Interestingly, in the original dataset submitted by Lab F, the absence of IP 25 only became evident once the influence of the mass spectral interference from C 25:2 had been subtracted from the observed m/z 350 intensity (note that the DIP 25 ratio (26. 0; Table  5 ) also verifies the occurrence of C 25:2 only; Sect.
Acknowledgements. The motivation for carrying out this study was provided, in part, by discussions that took place at the 1st  PAGES Sea Ice Proxy (SIP)  working group meeting in Montreal in March, 2012. We acknowledge financial support from the  National Science Foundation  ( NSF 1023537 ;  J. Brigham-Grette ,  S. T. Petsch ) and the  National Science Foundation of China (NSFC 41176164 ;  Y. Xu ). The contribution from  Stockholm University  is a part of the  SWERUS-C3 Programme (Swedish -Russian -US Arctic Ocean Investigation of Climate-Cryosphere-Carbon Interactions ) financed by the  Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation  and the  Swedish Research Council (VR). This work is also a contribution to the  CASE Initial Training Network  funded by the  European Community 's  7th Framework Programme   FP7 2007/2013 ,  Marie-Curie Actions , under Grant Agreement No.
238111. We also thank  W. Luttmer  ( AWI ) for technical assistance and to  John Andrews  (INSTAAR) and  Lt. Cdr. Martin Densham  ( British Services Antarctic Expedition 2012 ) for providing some of the sediment material used in this study. We are particularly grateful to  John Volkman  and  Ioanna Bouloubassi  for providing supportive reviews. Supplementary data are available at http://dx. doi. org/10. 1594/PANGAEA. 823363. Edited by:  L. Beaufort.
Methods: We analyzed 112 consecutive patients (54 men and 58 women) aged 57. 2 ± 8. 4 years with purulent-necrotic complications (gangrene, phlegmon, and abscess) of type 2 diabetes and sepsis in 2013. We compared laboratory and instrumental data (blood tests, ECG, echocardiography and others), which were previously obtained in the same patients receiving inpatient treatment before sepsis (2011 to 2012). Results: Gangrene of lower extremities in 59 (52. 7%) prevailed among purulent complications. After the development of sepsis we detected in all patients significantly increased heart rate, respiratory rate per minute, leukocytosis, anemia, worse glucose metabolism and renal function (Table  1 ). Congestive heart failure became more severe. This was confirmed by decrease of left ventricle ejection fraction (55.
Methods: The study protocol was approved by Institutional Ethics Committee. Subjects were 74 consecutive patients with communityacquired severe sepsis/septic shock admitted to the ICU of a tertiary care superspeciality hospital. Blood samples drawn on days 1, 3 and 7 of admission were analysed for proinflammatory cytokine (TNFα) by chemiluminescent immunometric assay and anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-10) by ELISA. Subjects were segregated on basis of: ratio of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory mediators on day 1 of admission into patients with predominant proinflammatory or predominant anti-inflammatory response. Survival and time point of mortality into survivor, early mortality and late mortality groups. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS version 17. Results: There were 37 patients each in predominant proinflammatory and predominant anti-inflammatory groups.
The firing of this sepsis rule issues an alert to the responsible clinician to confirm an infectious etiology and opens an electronic standardized order set according to sepsis bundles. The alert database (from its start in May 2013 to December 2013) was cross-matched with the minimum basic data set for urgent admissions (>14 years) during this same period. We selected, based on an ad hoc syntaxes, those admissions due to sepsis. Medical records were manually reviewed for confirmation of SS/SS. We assessed sensibility, specificity, negative and positive predictive value of the electronic rule, considering the confirmed clinical diagnosis at discharge as the gold standard. Results: In total, 37,323 patients were seen in the ER, 5,657 emergency admissions took place and 178 were due to SS/SS.
Conclusion: Our study demonstrated that IVIG treatment significantly improved the inflammatory and hemostatic abnormalities in sepsis patients. Introduction: The optimal evaluation of fluid resuscitation in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) remains to be clearly elucidated. The purpose of this study was to clarify the influence of fluid overload in patients with ARDS. Methods: Two hundred and seven ARDS patients admitted to the ICUs of 23 tertiary referral hospitals in Japan were enrolled in this study. These patients were divided into survivor (survival group, n = 137) or nonsurvivor (nonsurvival group, n = 70) groups according to the 28-day mortality. All patients received mechanical ventilation and also underwent transpulmonary thermodilution monitoring. The data for analysis were collected for three consecutive days from time of admission.
05). Analysis of human HSCs from BM of septic mice revealed significantly compromised hematopoietic colonies output (248 vs. 125 in sham animals). CLP caused also expansion of CD34 + CD38 -HSCs in BM and absolute increase of Ki-67 + CD34 + Lin -cells (1. Introduction: Fluid bolus therapy (FBT) is a ubiquitous intervention in intensive care. However, the physiological effects in the critically ill are poorly understood. Therefore, we systematically reviewed the contemporary literature to determine the current practice and effect of FBT in the management of severe sepsis and septic shock. Methods: We interrogated the MEDLINE, CENTRAL and EMBASE electronic reference databases using a combination of terms to define a set of records of studies of fluid administration in patients with severe sepsis or septic shock.
Patients are excluded if they are pregnant, <18 years old, a vulnerable adult, or imprisoned. An electronic notification system identifies patients and automatically pages phlebotomy and laboratory processing personnel directly. Blood draws occur immediately after patient identification and at 6 and 24 hours into hospitalization. We use an IRBapproved delayed consent model that minimizes the time between identification and blood draw. Plasma extracts and cellular isolates are processed and stored immediately. Clinical data are extracted for relevant patient outcomes, severe sepsis, and indicators of critical illness. Results: In 1 year of accrual, the alert algorithm identified 1,773 eligible patients for screening. Blood was drawn from 873 patients based on phlebotomy availability and laboratory processing staffing.
Conclusion: The most common change in septic AKI in critically ill children is normal histology followed by ATN. This is consistent with published literature  [2]. Introduction: Healthcare-associated infections (HAI) are a significant problem in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). Apart from contributing to mortality, they also increase the coast of PICU care  [1]. Surveillance and prevention of HAI by multifaceted quality improvement intervention among critically ill children remain part of the standard of care  [2]. Methods: The study was conducted in the 19-bed PICU of a tertiary care referral academic institute. Data regarding ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) and central line associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI) using the CDC definition were collected prospectively from July 2013 to June 2014.
The goal of this study is to create and characterize a murine model of septic cachexia and evaluate endogenous ghrelin variations. Among the factors involved in both sepsis and muscular protection, current research highlights a potential role for ghrelin in muscle protection but there are conflicting data regarding its variations were compared to standard of care microbiology. All patients were followed up to 28 days or until inpatient death or discharge. A panel of three independent physicians reviewed a summary of each case to determine the potential impact upon patient management if results had been available for decision-making. Results: A total of 609 direct blood specimens from 543 patients meeting inclusion criteria were tested. Patient demographics and organ failure criteria observed were consistent with previously published sepsis studies.
Acknowledgements: This work was supported by grants from the  Scientific Research  from the  Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare of Japan  ( WA2F2547 ) and from the  Japan Society for the Promotion of Science  (No. 2567046405 ). Acknowledgements: JF received a New Investigator grant,  Children's Health Foundation ,  LHSC. CF received a Resident research grant,  Department of Paediatrics, Western University. Acknowledgements: Brazilian financial support from  CNPq ,  CAPES ,  FAPESC  and  FINEP  Acknowledgements: This work was supported by the  Russian Foundation for Basic Research  (project number  1304-01758/13 ) Acknowledgements: FAPESP. Critical Care 2014, Volume 18 Suppl 2 http://ccforum. com/supplements/18/S2 Acknowledgements: Thanks to supervisors ACM and  Prof AR  for their support and expertise.
Lipidose contains phosphatidylcholine, triglyceride and sodium cholate formulated to optimize delivery of the phospholipid component to the surface of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and other lipoproteins, thereby enhancing the capacity of the patient's circulating lipoprotein pool to bind and neutralize microbial toxins. When Lipidose is infused into blood, the cholic acid is adsorbed onto serum albumin and the phospholipid selectively associates with lipoproteins. Bound and neutralized toxins are removed from the circulation by the liver and excreted along with the cholic acid into the bile. The LIPOS trial enrolled 1,400+ patients at 235 study centers in 31 countries to access Lipidose treatment at two dose levels. The LIPOS headline data presented only a small mortality benefit for the lower dose and no benefit from the higher dose  [1].
Acknowledgements: TSP, DML, BRG and SDS are listed as inventors on patents filed by and/or assigned to Sepsicure, L. L. C References 1. Dellinger   Introduction: Dengue fever is one of the most important seasonal epidemics in Asia Case fatality rates vary from 1 to 5%  [1]. Mortality from severe dengue may range from 26% in DHF to as high as 47% in DSS  [2, 3]. The pathogenesis of shock in dengue fever (DF) is centered on increased capillary permeability in the critical phase leading to hypovolemia and shock in severe dengue. There have been multiple studies that compare fluid regimens in the management of dengue  [4, 5]. These studies do not assess the child's renal function and ability to handle the fluid loads. GFR <60 ml/ minute indicates a significant decrease in the renal functioning and there are no pediatric studies that examine their association with in-hospital stay and outcomes in children with severe dengue.