dataesr/scientific-paragraphs-categorization huggingface dataset:
Variations in search terms and database-appropriate syntax with parentheses, field codes, and Boolean operators were used to maximize the yield. Searches were restricted to English-language articles on humans. No restriction on time period was applied. All original articles meeting the PICO approach, both retrospective and prospective, and with the outcome measured in any way as an endpoint (not exclusively the primary endpoint) were included. Case reports and meeting abstracts were not considered eligible. Our search strategy, build, and log are provided in the Supplementary material. Figure  1  shows the PRISMA flowchart. The Embase, MED-LINE (PubMed), and Web of Science search yielded 13 articles eligible for inclusion in the review. A formal risk-of-bias analysis was conducted for the studies included using the Cochrane Collaboration risk of bias assessment tool (RoB 2) for the randomized studies (7 of the 13 studies; Tables  1  and 2 ) and the Cochrane Collaboration risk of bias tool for nonrandomized studies for interventions (ROBINS-I) for the nonrandomized prospective studies (3 of the 13 studies; Tables  2  and 3 ) and the one nonrandomized retrospective study (Tables  2  and 3 )  [17, 18].
Lastly, the USSQ was not used and no information on missing outcome data was provided. Gadzhiev et al. [27]  compared ureteral stent-related symptoms between the Cook Black Silicone and Rüsch polyurethane DJ stents in terms of VASP and OAB awareness tool results at days 1, 14, and 28 (with an indwelling time of 28 d). Silicone DJ stents were associated with significantly lower pain intensity assessed using VASP at days 14 and 28. Limitations of this study were failure to use the USSQ, the nonrandomized design, and the lack of information regarding missing data. In the most recent and highest-quality study, Wiseman et al. [23]  compared the Coloplast ImaJin Hydro silicone DJ stent to the Boston Scientific Percuflex Plus stent after flexible ureteroscopy for renal stones between 5 and 25 mm.
FFR Derived from Computed Tomography (FFR CT) As for the angiography-Derived FFR several steps will be necessary to obtain the FFT CT from the Coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) imaging. First step, with CCTA image data set an anatomic model of coronary arteries is performed. Then a physiologic model of coronary circulation is produced. Resting coronary flow is modelled on the basis of myocardial mass, and maximal hyperemia is modelled in agreement with the expected reduction in resistance if adenosine injection would be achieved. Finally, supercomputers use computational fluid dynamics methods to measure FFR CT. The HeartFlow FFR CT software (FFR CT , HeartFlow Inc, Redwood city, CA, USA) is the most successful technology that has demonstrated its diagnostic performance compared to FFR in 3 significant studies  [17] [18] [19].
The diagnostic performance is interesting compared to other non-invasive tests. The PACIFIC trial showed it comparable to PET and superior to SPECT  [20]. The use in real life has also been evaluated in a large register prospective multicenter registry  [21]. The weakness remains an off-line analysis. FFRCT analysis is only available at a central laboratory in California. CCTA image data set must be sent to post processing which still takes 1 to 4 hours. In addition to the cost of process, the performance also depends strongly on the quality of the image. Motion artifact, severe calcification, and stenting decrease analyzability. For example, in PACIFIC trial, analyzability of FFRCT was only 75% at the patient level  [20].
QFR QFR has an advantage over alternative angiographyderived FFR indexes since the publication of the FAVOR III China study results. This prospective study included 3825 patients from China in which the QFR-guided PCI was used with a cut off ≤0. 89 and compared with an angiographyguided PCI. All cause death, MI and ischemia driven revascularization were the composite endpoint and occurred in 5. 8%  (11/1913)  of patients in the QFR group compared to 8. 8% (167/1912) in the angiography group (HR 0. 65, 95% CI 0. 51-0. 83, p = 0. 004) at 1 year  [68]. The results of FA-VOR III EJ (NCT03729739) will be more interesting since the study design investigates whether QFR-guided PCI will be non-inferior at 12 months compared to an FFR-guided PCI.
{maxPPG 20 mm/∆ FFR vessel + (1-Length with functional disease (mm)/Total vessel length (mm))}/2 MaxPPG is the maximum pressure gradient over 20 mm. ∆ FFR vessel is the difference between the FFR values obtained along the complete length of the explored vessel (ostium to distal part). Functional disease length and total vessel length are derived from the vessel length explored by a motorized pullback system and FFR data on that vessel length. Functional disease length is determined as the length where the FFR drops >0. 0015/mm. The system allows to obtain a real physiological map of the vessel. However, there are still limits such as the use of a motorized pullback system during prolonged adenosine infusions; index calculation is offline; and usefulness in clinical practice will require validation  [85].
Patients with IDH1/2-mutated AML who are considered too frail to tolerate HMA-based treatment may be offered best supportive care or monotherapy with targeted IDH1/IDH2 inhibitors. 141  patients receiving HMA-based combination therapy (with venetoclax, ivosidenib, other investigational agents), response should be assessed early during the first cycle (eg, on day 14-21) due to high rates of early responses seen with HMA combinations and the need to delay or modify dosing in the setting of persistent cytopenias in a leukemia-free marrow (Table  12 ). A second assessment is commonly performed after 3 cycles and then repeated every 3 cycles for patients in remission or at the discretion of the physician outside of a clinical trial. In the absence of treatment intolerance, nonintensive treatment approaches have commonly been continued until disease progression, but for the time being, there are no data supporting the advantage of an open-ended duration approach over therapy for a confined period.
This will allow for direct comparisons between the quantitative depth of response of investigational and reference therapies as indicators of relative therapeutic value. Acceleration of drug development could also benefit from using a validated control population, thus omitting the concurrent standard control arm so that all patients recruited to the trial receive investigational therapy. To realize such an approach, a well annotated and contemporary external reference cohort is required and efforts to establish real-world databases for this purpose are being explored. Finally, it remains of utmost importance to override geographic and interstudy group barriers and continue  *Single agent. †Median times to absolute neutrophil count $ 0. 5 3 10 9 /L ($500/mL) were 35 and 29 days; and median times to platelet count $ 50 3 10 9 /L ($50 000/mL) were 36.
Acknowledgments The authors gratefully acknowledge R€ udiger Hehlmann for his continuous generous support of these recommendations on behalf of the Conflict-of-interest disclosure: H. D€ ohner had an advisory role with honoraria for  AbbVie, Agios, Amgen, Astellas ,  AstraZeneca ,  Berlin-Chemie ,  BMS ,  Celgene ,  GEMoaB ,  Gilead ,  Janssen ,  Jazz ,  Novartis ,  Servier , and  Syndax  and received clinical research funding (to institution) from  Abb-Vie, Agios, Amgen, Astellas, Bristol Myers Squibb, Celgene ,  Jazz Pharmaceuticals ,  Kronos Bio , and  Novartis. A. H. W. had an advisory role with honoraria for  AbbVie, Agios, Amgen, Astellas ,  AstraZeneca ,  Roche ,  BMS ,  Celgene ,  Gilead ,  Pfizer ,  Janssen ,  Jazz ,  Novartis , and Servier; received clinical research funding (to institution) from  AbbVie ,  Servier ,  Celgene-BMS ,  Astra Zeneca ,  Amgen , and Novartis; and receives a fraction of royalty payments from the  Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research  related to venetoclax.
Cartesian Stiffness Matrix As discussed in Section 2, Tripteor X7 is modeled as a structural assembly of three legs, which link the rigid fixed platform to the rigid mobile platform. The three legs are considered to be steel beams of rectangular cross-section of size consistent with Tripteor X7 legs (Figure  9 ). To compute the Cartesian stiffness matrix of the robot at point O m , the issue is to compute matrix L XI (Equation (  29 )). Finally, we can compute the stiffness map at a level z = 1. 18 m for example (Figure  10 ). To plot Figure  11 , the method was implemented in Matlab ®. To emphasize the benefit of this proposed approach, the calculation was performed on a tablet PC with a I5-7300U processor. The time taken to compute this map is 128. 72 s and is mainly due to the time needed to calculate the Inverse Kinematic Model (IKM) of Tripteor X7.
Methods The MEDLINE database was independently searched by two authors (JR, FL) to identify studies reporting applications of telemedicine in vascular surgery and specifically focusing on three main vascular pathologies: aortic disease, LEAD and carotid stenosis. A combination of keywords was used, including "telehealth", "telemedicine", "vascular surgery", "aortic", "peripheral artery disease", 'lower extremity artery disease" and "carotid". Only original articles published in the English language were included. After titles were identified, the abstracts were checked and full texts were retrieved. Exclusion criteria were studies that specifically focused on the use of telemedicine in diseases other than carotid, aortic or LEAD, or that reported the use of telemedicine in specialties other than vascular surgery.
Covariate and Outcome Assessment Trained health care professionals collected sociodemographic (age, sex, marital status, education level, and occupation), clinical (blood pressure measurements, body weight, and height), and biological (glycemia) data during house-to-house visits. Blood pressure was measured 3 times with the subject sitting and using an automated sphygmomanometer (OMRON M6 Comfort, OMRON HealthCare Co. , Ltd. , Kyoto, Japan). The average of the last 2 measurements was recorded. Hypertension was defined as systolic blood pressure $140 mm Hg and/or diastolic blood pressure $90 mm Hg and/or self-reported use of antihypertensive medications. 30 Diabetes was defined as fasting glucose level $126 mg/dl, postprandial glucose level $ 200 mg/dl, and/or self-declared diabetes treated with glucose-lowering agent(s).
e. , G0/G0, G0/G1, and G0/G2) and those with HR genotypes comprising 2 risk alleles (G1/G1, G2/G2, and G1/G2). Genotype data for rs334 encoding the SCT (HBB p. Glu7Val) were obtained using a custom TaqMan SNP Genotyping Assay (Thermo Fisher Scientific, AHD2-CAR) in accordance with the manufacturer's protocols (Applied Biosystems/Thermo Fisher Scientific). SCT carriers were considered as the high-risk group versus SCT noncarriers, the low-risk group. Characterization of GSTM1 deletion was carried out using a TaqMan real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay (Thermo Fisher Scientific; Hs02575461_cn). The results obtained allow classification into the following 3 GSTM1 genotypes: 2 null alleles (0/0; homozygous null), 1 null allele (1/0; heterozygous), or no null alleles (1/1; active homozygous).
General Characteristics of the Study Population The overall study population included 1317 participants, 730 (55. 4%) from the rural site and 587 (44. 6%) from the urban site. In this substudy, we excluded participants with missing data on genotypes for APOL1 risk variants (n ¼ 302), SCT (n ¼ 311), and GSTM1 (n ¼ 413). The reasons for missingness were mostly due to insufficient blood sample, loss of tubes during transportation, or failed genotyping owing to poor DNA quality and DNA degradation (problems with blood sample storage or lack of temperature control during the processing). Participants without genetic data tended to be urban residents, user of medicinal plants, and exhibited a lower eGFRcr, but other characteristics (such as age, sex, diabetes, or hypertension) did not differ between those with and without missing genetic data (Supplementary Table  S1 ).
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We thank  Victor David  and  Elizabeth Binns-Roemer  ( Frederick National Laboratory ) for their excellent technical support. The project has been supported in part by the  National Institutes of Health  and the  National Cancer Institute Intramural Research Program  (CAW and SL) and under contract  HHSN26120080001E. The content of this publication does not necessarily reflect the view or policy of the  Department of Health and Human Services , nor does mention of trade names, commercial products, or organizations imply endorsement by the government. We thank  VLIRUOS/UCB  for financial support regarding data collection. We thank the investigators' team, the technicians of the  Clinical Chemistry laboratory  of the.
Quantifying bias using simulated data We first simulated a hypothetical cohort with complete pre-treatment culture data and then introduced missing data under different scenarios to explore its impact on conversion. Conducting bias analyses in real-world data is limited by the range of values observed in the dataset. By simulating data, we can generate the full range of potential values for parameters relevant to conversion, in order to better understand the scenarios where bias can occur  [16,  were supported by the National Institute Of Allergy And Infectious Diseases of the National Institutes of Health under Award Number R01AI146095. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
Quantifying maximum bias in an observational cohort In order to determine the extent bias might have impacted a real cohort of DR-TB patients, we used data from the endTB observational cohort (ClinicalTrials. gov record NCT02754765). The endTB observational cohort is a prospective cohort of patients treated with bedaquiline and/or delamanid in 17 countries. Patients were eligible if they initiated an endTB regimen between 04/01/2015-11/16/2018  [18, 19]. The endTB Observational Study protocol was approved by central ethics review committees for each consortium partner, and local ethical approval was obtained in all endTB countries. All study activities were carried out following the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Participants provided written informed consent for inclusion in the observational cohort.
Acknowledgments We acknowledge and thank  Unitaid  for financing the endTB project, including the observational study. We are indebted to the patients who participated in the endTB observational study and to the clinicians and program staff of participating national tuberculosis programs. We thank endTB staff at Partners In Health, Medecins Sans Frontières, Epicentre, and  Interactive Research and Development. We also thank  Leo Martinez  for his comments on this work.
The endTB observational study was funded by  UNITAID. Carly Rodriguez 's effort was supported by the  PhRMA Foundation Pre-doctoral Fellowship in Health Outcomes. Research reported in this publication was supported by the  National Institute Of Allergy And Infectious Diseases of the National Institutes of Health  under Award Number  F31AI157333. Molly F Franke  and  Carole D. Mitnick  for treatment by some of the patients included in the endTB Observational Study.
35, 36   owever, the conservation between the curated sequences of FpvA (FPVA_PSEAE), PfeA (PFEA_PSEAE) and HasR (Q9HYJ7_PSEAE) retrieved from the UniProt database was low (score ≤0. 3, black frame, Supplementary Figure  S2 ). 37 In summary, the bioinformatics and microbiological data suggest that a TonB box peptide without transporter association can compete for TonB binding and prevent a vital PPI interaction, consequently inhibiting siderophore uptake. As a consensus sequence between the different TBDTs of P. aeruginosa could not be identified, the individual sequences were employed for follow-up experiments.
In summary, both MECAM and DOTAM conjugates were able to cross the outer membrane of P. aeruginosa, because they induced a phenotypic adaptation of the bacteria (↑ pfeA transcription, ↓ fptA transcription). Consequently, we conclude that the antibiotic activity of the DOTAM conjugates was not due to iron sequestration by the compounds outside bacterial cells, but caused by internalized peptides, and probably an interaction of the peptides with TonB. All together these data indicate that the self-internalizing suicide Trojan horse mechanism is operational. pirA, fpvA and fptA was followed by qRT-PCR. 42 pfeA encodes the ferri-ENT TBDT;  53, 36  pirA the ferri-ENT and ferri-catecholamines TBDT  49, 50  fpvA the ferri-PYO TBDT  24  and fptA the ferri-PCH TBDT. 51, 52    transporters PfeA and PirA mediate the entry of conjugates in P.
FUNDING INFORMATION The presented work was supported by a 'Kekulé-Stipendium' of the 'Fonds der chemischen Industrie (VCI)', as well as with a grant from the Joint Programming Initiative on Antimicrobial Resistance (JPI AMR, grant number: 01KI1825). We also acknowledge the Interdisciplinary Thematic Institute (ITI) InnoVec (Innovative Vectorization of Biomolecules, IdEx, ANR-10-IDEX-0002).
Methods We performed a post-hoc secondary analysis of data collected in the COU-AA-301 and COU-AA-302 trials. In COU-AA-301, patients treated with post-docetaxel were randomised 2:1 to either AA (1000 mg) daily plus 5 mg bd prednisone or 5 mg bd prednisone alone. COU-AA-302 randomised chemotherapy-naı ¨ve patients in a 1:1 fashion to either AA (1000 mg) daily plus 5 mg bd of prednisone or 5 mg bd of prednisone alone. Detailed methods for these studies have been published previously  [1, 2]. We retrospectively extracted data on concomitant use of metformin and statins, recorded at study entry and examined for associations with (1) OS and (2) PSA-RR. As per the study protocols, PSA-RR was defined as the proportion of patients achieving a decrease in PSA of at least 50% from the baseline PSA value confirmed at least 4 weeks or more after the initiation of treatment.
Baseline variables were summarised by the presence or absence of concomitant medication. We examined for any differences between groups using the c2 for categorical variables and student's t test for continuous variables. Adverse event (AE) data for COU-AA-301 and 302, summarised by the use of concomitant medications and by treatment arm were tabulated, however, no statistical testing was performed due to the risk of multiple testing. OS was estimated using Kaplan-Meier methods and compared using the log rank test. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the hazards ratio (HR) for OS by each concomitant medication. Variables chosen for inclusion in multivariate modelling were based on prior prognostic models predicting PFS or OS in patients with mCRPC treated with AAP either before  [13]  or after docetaxel  [14].
While we demonstrate an improvement in OS and PSA response in some subgroups treated with metformin or statin, the results were inconsistent and require further study. In addition, radiographic progression-free survival data were unavailable for the cohorts involved, which may have provided correlative analyses. Finally, the subgroups of patients treated with metformin or statins are small, limiting our power to detect statistically significant differences and the takers of either drugs might simply be a surrogate for better health awareness, medical literacy and care, introducing a significant bias into the analyses. Additional prospective studies with sufficient power to examine the effects of metformin and statins on outcomes in men with prostate cancer are needed, and several large studies are currently underway such as (i) metformin versus placebo for active surveillance (NCT01864096) (408 patients total), (ii) metformin in addition to standard of care in the mHSPC setting (STAMPEDE) (NCT00268476) (1800 patients), (iii) aspirin/atorvastatin in addition to standard of care in mCRPC (PEACE-4) (NCT03819101) (1210 patients), (iv) metformin in patients with mCRPC in combination with enzalutamide versus enzalutamide alone (SAKK0814) (NCT02640534) (169 patients).
, 2013; Geurden et al. , 2017; Rohdich et al. , 2018). In this view, the efficacy of Felpreva® against the three tick species (I. ricinus, D. reticulatus and R. sanguineus (s. l. )) affecting the vast majority of enrolled cats identified was remarkably high over a period of 90 days, i. e. constantly 100% with the sole exception of a percentage reduction of 98. 8% for I. ricinus on Day 90 (AE 2) (study completion). The reliability of the present study was confirmed by data on infestation pressure for study cats. To assure that study cats were under infestation pressure during the whole study, the environmental challenge for ectoparasite infestations was descriptively evaluated based on other dogs and cats presented to the veterinary practices. These animals were Note: Data shown for Day 0 (þ2).
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS J. L. B. 's initial work on this project was partially supported by the  Visiting Scholars Award Program  of the  Universities Research Association. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the  Universities Research Association, Inc. J. L. B. also thanks The  University of Tennessee at Knoxville Department of Physics and Astronomy , as well as the  Zuckerman Institute , for partial support of this work at various later stages. J. L. B. is a  Zuckerman Postdoctoral Scholar. A. S. B. acknowledges the support of  RFBR (Russia)  of this work through research Project No. 18-02-40084.
The process is based on a thorough analysis of the specific disease, patients/patient population, therapeutic context, drug properties and manufacturing requirements. It has to be developed with all disciplines involved in the development process, especially clinical, pharmaceutical, regulatory, manufacturing and supply chain functions. As a starting point in the process a high-level overview of the therapeutic landscape and the market data on the product prescriptions are collected (e. g. , through Pharma Circle, IQVIA) to understand the therapeutic burden of the patients, the available drug products and their share in the treatment. It is acknowledged that the products might differ in terms of brand names, composition etc. which can lead to some discrepancy. For the initial phase, this is acceptable but further analysis can be considered at a later stage understand a potential gap between efficacy and effectiveness.
Methods We performed a national multicenter retrospective case series with the participation of the Groupe de Recherche en Réanimation Respiratoire en Onco-Hématologie. Patients with NSCLC who had been admitted to the ICU for acute respiratory failure due to NSCLC involvement between 2009 and 2019 were included in the study if a TKI was initiated during the ICU stay. Cases were identified with the use of hospital-pharmacies records. We collected demographic and clinical data in charts. All charts were reviewed to confirm NSCLC accountability in the acute respiratory failure. Vital status was assessed at the time of study completion (August 2019). The primary outcome was overall survival 90 days after ICU admission, which was estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method. Exploratory univariate analysis was performed to seek potential factors of ICU survival.