dataesr/scientific-paragraphs-categorization huggingface dataset:
Smith This work builds a clinical prediction rule to identify COVID-19 active cases in symptomatic individuals  [11]. To this end, this method implemented a multivariable logistic regression analysis to identify the independent predictors of COVID-19 active cases. Specifically, the Smith method selects a few symptoms associated with positive cases and assigns them different coefficients: loss of smell/loss of taste (2), fever and cough (1), and chest pain (-1). The chest pain variable has a negative score because this symptom being likely caused by another virus. The dataset used was obtained from a standardized clinical questionnaire that was administered to patients before applying the RT-PCR test. Moreover, the performance of the Smith method was tested using a dataset with 120 SARS-CoV-2-positive cases and 120 SARS-CoV-2-negative cases for training, and 40 cases for validation of the classification model.
Tangent-Linear and Adjoint Versions As expected for a Bayesian inversion system, the LSCE system minimizes the usual Bayesian cost function, which represents the balance between observations and prior information in the inversion solution (see, e. g. , Equation  9 in  Rayner et al. , 2019 ). The LSCE system is "variational" in that it exploits the gradient of the cost function in an iterative way, rather than by an analytical expression or by a Monte Carlo search. The minimizer itself is either a limited memory quasi-Newton method, the M1QN3 software from  Gilbert and Lemaréchal (1989)  or, system atically for CO 2 , a Lanczos version of the conjugate gradient algorithm developed at ECMWF  (Fisher, 1998). If the operator that links the variables to estimate (greenhouse gas surface fluxes) and the observations to assimilate (atmospheric concentrations) is linear, the cost function is quadratic and the conjugate gradient converges super-linearly, thereby reducing the number of needed iterations and saving computing time.
Exploiting GPU Hardware We have chosen to keep the LMDz transport model in Fortran but we have restructured and augmented it with OpenACC directives throughout the code, particularly before each loop. These generic directives guide the compiler in the management of the GPU, specifying each step of the data flow between the memory of the CPU, the memory of the GPU and the GPU threads. As explained in the introduction, codes running on GPUs primarily modify different locations of the computer memory in parallel threads that execute the same series of instructions. The LMDz code has therefore been restructured in order to expose such situations as much as possible. For many loops, independent parallel threads can be identified across all 3D cells of the global atmosphere, as with initializations.
Evaluation Our tests were performed on the hybrid partition of the Topaze supercomputer of CCRT. Topaze is a BullSequana XH2000 made by Atos and delivered in 2021. Its hybrid partition is composed of 48 nodes, each of which has four  The model was run in a new grid of 2. 50° in longitude, 1. 27° in latitude and 79 layers in the vertical-that is, 1,626,768 3D cells. The volume of the input meteorological data at that resolution for 1 month is 15 GB, which can be read on a node of Topaze in about 25 s. For tests over a single month, even if the calculations require a single CPU core, it was necessary to reserve four CPU cores from the same node in order to have enough memory. For regular applications over longer times, job submission rules on Topaze require reserving half a processor (32 cores) to access 1 GPU.
19448007, 2023, 5, Downloaded from https://agupubs. onlinelibrary. wiley. com/doi/10. 1029/2022GL102135 by Cochrane France, Wiley Online Library on [16/03/2023]. See the Terms and Conditions (https://onlinelibrary. wiley. com/terms-and-conditions) on Wiley Online Library for rules of use; OA articles are governed by the applicable Creative Commons License NVIDIA A100 GPUs alongside two AMD EPYC Milan 7763 processors. We worked in batch mode on a large "SCRATCH" file system with data transfer rates of about 4 Gb per second per node, by the virtue of Solid-State Drive disks. The compiler was nvfortran version 22. 2.
ProLong Diamond Antifade Mountant with DAPI was used as a mounting medium. Images were acquired at room temperature with a Nikon Eclipse Ti microscope equipped with a 20× S Plan Fluor objective (numerical aperture 0. 45), a 40×S Plan Fluor objective (numerical aperture 0. 6), and a 60×S Plan Apo Vc objective (numerical aperture 1. 40), and a digital Sight DS-QiMc camera (Nikon) with a Z optical spacing of 0. 2 μm and 387 nm/447 nm, 482 nm/536 nm, 543 nm/593 nm, and 650 nm/668 nm filter sets (Semrock) and NIS Elements software (Nikon). Images were processed using ImageJ software (National Institutes of Health), and the maximum-intensity projection images are shown in the results. Isolation of soluble caspase-1 CARD-EGFP and ASC-RFP HEK293 cells transfected with a vector encoding mouse caspase-1 CARD domain tagged with EGFP (0.
Acknowledgments The authors thank  Dr. Isabelle Couillin  ( Experimental and Molecular Immunology and Neurogenetics, University of Orleans, Orleans, France ) for caspase-1-deficient mice and the SPFanimal house from  IMIB-Arrixaca  for mice colony maintenance. We thank the staff at  Dr. Pelegrin 's laboratory for their comments and suggestions. This work was supported by grants to  P. Pelegrin  as principal investigator from  MCIN/AEI/10. 13039/501100011033 (grant  PID2020-116709RB-I00 ), the  Ministerio de Economia, Industria y Competitividad-Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional  (project no. SAF2017-88276-R ),  Fundación Séneca  (grants  20859/PI/ 18  and  21897/PI/22 ), the  European Research Council  (grants  ERC-2013 - CoG  project no. 614578  and  ERC-2019 - PoC  project no. 899636 ), the  Instituto Salud Carlos III  (grant  DTS21/00080 ), and  Martín-Sánchez  et al.
Journal of Cell Biology 11 of 13 ASC specks are modulated by K + -efflux https://doi. org/10. 1083/jcb. 202003053the  EU Horizon 2020 project PlasticHeal  (grant  965196 ). F. Martín-Sánchez  was supported by  Sara Borrell  postdoc grant from the  Instituto Salud Carlos III  ( CD12/00523 ). F. I. Schmidtis funded by the  Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation ) through the  Emmy Noether Programme  ( SCHM 3336-1-1 ) and Germany's Excellence Strategy-EXC2151-390873048. The authors would like to acknowledge networking support by  COST Action   BM-1406  and  CA21130  via WP meeting interaction. Author contributions:  F. Martín-Sánchez ,  V. Compan ,  A. Peñín-Franch ,  A. Tapia-Abellán ,  M. C. Banõs , and  A. I. Gómez  performed the experiments; F. I. Schmidt provided nanobodies, Flatox, and caspase-1 CARD constructions, and interpreted data;  F.
We use seismic waveform data from the AlpArray Seismic Network and three other temporary seismic networks, to perform receiver function (RF) calculations and time-to-depth migration to update the knowledge of the Moho discontinuity beneath the broader European Alps. In particular, we set up a homogeneous processing scheme to compute RFs using the time-domain iterative deconvolution method and apply consistent quality control to yield 112 205 high-quality RFs. We then perform time-to-depth migration in a newly implemented 3D spherical coordinate system using a European-scale reference P and S wave velocity model. This approach, together with the dense data coverage, provide us with a 3D migrated volume, from which we present Published by Copernicus Publications. 2118 K. Michailos et al. : Moho depths beneath the European Alps migrated profiles that reflect the first-order crustal thickness structure.
We create a detailed Moho map by manually picking the discontinuity in a set of orthogonal profiles covering the entire area. We make the RF dataset, the software for the entire processing workflow, as well as the Moho map, openly available; these open-access datasets and results will allow other researchers to build on the current study. no. PP00P2_187199). We are grateful to the operators of the permanent seismic networks that make their data available through the Eu-.
g. ,  Molinari et al. , 2020; Nouibat et al. , 2022). Global crustal models give estimates of the Moho depths in the vicinity of the European Alps, however, their results are generally of low-resolution (e. g. Mooney et al. , 1998; Meier et al. , 2007; Laske et al. , 2013). Grad and Tiira (2009)  compiled the first Moho depth map for the whole European plate by combining various different models and datasets from previous surveys. Artemieva and Thybo (2013)  similarly derived a model of the crustal structure of Europe and the North Atlantic region by compiling a large number of existing RF studies and seismic refraction profiles (EUNAseis). Molinari and Morelli (2011) 's EPcrust model is also based on RF and active seismic refraction profiles but additionally incorporates geological priors, and earthquake and ambient noise-based surface wave studies.
However, most of these studies have been limited in their geographic scope which left unresolved regions. To date, a detailed analysis of the Moho topography for the broader European Alps region using the AASN waveform data has not been made. In this paper, we report on the activities of the AlpArray Receiver Function working group. The group's main goal was to take advantage of the unprecedented seismic data coverage of the AASN and release a high-quality RF dataset and a detailed new Moho map for the European Alps. We use receiver functions and time-to-depth migration in a spherical coordinate system to image the crustal thickness beneath the broader European Alpine region. We also examine the spatial variability of the crustal structures. The codes used for the calculations, the receiver function traces, and the new Moho map are made available.
Receiver function calculations We first cut continuous seismic waveform data around the theoretical P-wave arrival times (120 s before and after) of the teleseismic events (1687 events in total) from all available seismic stations. We downsample the cut waveforms to 20 samples per second. We discard any incomplete trace or any incomplete Z-N -E triplet. This provides us with 521 762 Z-N -E waveform triplets in total. We then rotate the horizontal components into true N and E components based on the alignment stated in the station metadata (i. e. , azimuth and dip values of each channel stored in the inventory file). This step is particularly crucial for the randomly oriented horizontal components of free-fall ocean bottom seismometers of the AlpArray Seismic Network in the Ligurian Sea. Following  Hetényi et al.
, 2008). It should also be noted, however, that for high-quality datasets, most deconvolution methods work well, and the advantages of one method over another are insignificant (e. g. ,  Ligorría and Ammon, 1999). We then apply the last quality control to the calculated RFs, similar to  Hetényi et al. (2015) ,  Singer (2017) ,  Hetényi et al. (2018b) ,  Scarponi et al. (2021) , that is based on the signal-to-noise ratio and the amplitude of the direct wave signal. For the first part of this quality control, we calculate (1) the rms of the noise from 30 to 10 s before the P-wave arrival (rmsnoi), and (2) the rms of the signal between 2 and 30 s after the P arrival (rmssig). We keep the RFs that meet the following criteria: rmssig rmsnoi > 1. 0 (2) In addition, we require that (1) the timing of the maximum amplitude peak should be between 0 and 2 s and that (2) its amplitude should be positive and have a value between 0.
We plot the calculated RFs as a function of their backazimuth values for each station (see examples in Fig. 5 ) to observe any differential times, amplitudes, and polarities of the phases that may contain additional information on the inclination of the discontinuities (e. g. ,  Cassidy, 1992). This kind of graph also helps in providing an indication of the quality of the dataset (i. e. , how easily identifiable is the Ps-Moho phase, what is the total back-azimuthal coverage, how does the variation of the sharpness of the Ps-Moho phase for different back azimuths look, and is there a dipping Moho interface). Systematic variations of the timing and amplitude can indicate the presence of dipping boundaries, 360 • periodicity, or the effect of anisotropy, and 180 • periodicity for horizontal anisotropy (e.
1 • distance. On the Adria side, the Moho depth estimates of the three models differ, which is expected given the complexity related to the shallow intruding Ivrea geophysical body that requires more detailed analyses (e. g. ,  Scarponi et al. , 2021). In profile B-B , the situation at the Europe-Adria limit is somewhat similar to that in profile A-A. Our European Moho signal and picks can be tracked until 3. 7 • distance, while Grad and Tiira (  2009 )'s estimates become shallower already at 3 • distance (70 km to the NW), and Spada et al. (  2013 )'s jump is at 3. 5 • distance. The continuity of the European Moho signal beneath Adria in both profiles in our images could be explained by the teleseismic waves imaging this zone from below, while a good portion of  Spada et al. (2013) 's dataset is from active seismic imaging from above, hence determining the shallower discontinuity.
Data availability Continuous seismic data from the seismic networks used in this study can be found at the European Integrated until 30 June 2025. The following datasets are freely available in a Zenodo repository with the following DOI: https://doi. org/10. 5281/zenodo. 7695125 (Michailos et al. , 2023). Firstly, we include all the downloaded seismic waveform data (ZNE components; 120 s before and after the theoretical P-wave arrival) prior to RF calculation apart from those from the PACASE seismic network that are under embargo. Secondly, we include the receiver functions calculated here (both radial and transverse components). The repository also contains the plots, in PNG format, of the stacked receiver functions from all the seismic stations used here. Finally, we also include (1) the Moho depth picks information shown in the main article's Fig.
Code availability All codes used for this work are actively developed on GitHub at the following repository: https: //github. com/kemichai/rfmpy (last access: May 2023) and https://doi. org/10. 5281/zenodo. 7937575 (Michailos, 2023). A tutorial for calculating RFs and time-to-depth migration for a subset of the data used is also available on the following website: https://rfmpy. readthedocs. io/en/latest/tutorial. html (last access: May 2023). The codes developed here are mostly based on open-source software like ObsPy  (Beyreuther et al. , 2010; Krischer et al. , 2015)  and EQcorrscan  (Chamberlain et al. , 2018). We use GMT  (Wessel et al. , 2019)  for creating maps, Matplotlib  (Hunter, 2007)  for graphs, and the Scientific Color Maps  (Crameri, 2021)  for color scales.
Conclusions We start from continuous seismic waveform data that cover the broader European Alps region, calculate RFs and perform 3D time-to-depth migration calculations in a spherical coordinate system. In particular, we calculate 112 205 RFs in total at 708 different seismic stations. The RF traces are freely available (see the Data availability section for details). We also compile a new homogeneously derived Moho depth map of the broader European Alps. We have developed codes in Python for RF calculations and CCP stacking in spherical coordinates that are openaccess, documented, and tested on GitHub. The codes are actively developed, and we welcome any code improvements or suggestions and error reports from the community. A tutorial for calculating RFs and time-to-depth migrations for a subset of our data is also available (see Code availability section).
Financial support. This research has been supported by the  Swiss National Science Foundation  (grant no. PP00P2_187199 "OROG3NY "); the  National Research, Development, and Innovation Fund, Hungary  (grant nos. K141860  and  PD142953 ); the  National Science Centre, Poland  (agreement no. UMO-2019/35/B/ST10/01628 ); and the  Grant Agency of the Czech Republic (GACR ; grant no. 21-25710S ). Review statement. This paper was edited by  Kirsten Elger  and reviewed by two anonymous referees.
Data Archive (EIDA; http://www. orfeus-eu. org/data/eida/; EIDA, 2022) with the following network codes: Z3 (Al-pArray Seismic Network: AlpArray Seismic Network, 2015, https://doi. org/10. 12686/ALPARRAY/Z3_2015); XT (EASI: AlpArray Seismic Network, 2014, https://doi. org/10. 12686/alparray/xt_2014), BW (Bay-ernNetz Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences Geophysical Observatory University of Munchen, 2001, https://doi. org/10. 7914/SN/BW); CH (Swiss Seismological Service, SED, 1983, https://doi. org/10. 12686/SED/NETWORKS/CH), GR (German Regional Seismic Network (GRSN): Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources BGR, 1976, https://doi. org/10. 25928/mbx6-hr74), IV (Istituto.
[7] [8] [9]  Three meta-analyses evaluated the impact on pregnancy outcome of screen and treat interventions for pregnant women using conventional diagnosis methods for BV. 7, 10, 11  Lamont et al  11  (5 studies and 2346 patients) reported a benefit of screen and treat using clindamycin. The Cochrane Database update (21 studies and 7847 patients) does not recommend screening for BV 7 but highlights that 2 studies that included intermediate flora as part of their criteria showed a 50% reduction in preterm delivery and an 80% reduction in miscarriages. 12, 13  More recently and after the implementation of the present study, the updated systematic review for US Preventive Services Task Force 10 (n = 48 studies), including the results from the large PREMEVA study,  14  still showed that conventional screening tests for BV varied in accuracy, suggested no efficacy of treatment for asymptomatic BV in a general obstetric population, and was inconclusive for women with a history of prior preterm delivery.
Eur J Clin 17. Microbiol Infect Dis. 2012;31(4):513-518. doi:10. 1007/s10096-011-1341-8 6. Coleman JS, Gaydos CA. Molecular diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis: an update. J Clin Microbiol. 2018;56(9):e00342-e18. doi:10. 1128/JCM. 00342-18 7. Brocklehurst P, Gordon A, Heatley E, Milan SJ. Antibiotics for treating bacterial vaginosis in pregnancy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013;(1): CD000262. doi:10. 1002/14651858. CD000262. pub4 8. Klebanoff MA, Brotman RM. Treatment of bacterial vaginosis to prevent preterm birth. Lancet. 2018;392(10160):2141-2142. doi:10. 1016/S0140-6736 (18)32115-9 9. Kiss H, Petricevic L, Husslein P. Prospective randomised controlled trial of an infection screening programme to reduce the rate of preterm delivery. BMJ. 2004;329(7462):371. doi:10. 1136/ bmj. 38169. 519653.
Acknowledgements Y. L. and G. C. contributed equally. This work was supported by  National Natural Science Foundation of China  (No. 62074102 , and  62104156 ),  Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation  ( 2022A1515010979 ) China,  Key Project of Department of Education of Guangdong Province  (No. 2018KZDXM059 ) China,  Science and Technology plan project of Shenzhen  ( 20220808165025003 ,  20200812000347001  and  JCYJ20190808153409238 ) China. The authors wish to acknowledge the assistance on HAADF-STEM observation received from the  Electron Microscope Center of the Shenzhen University.
Questionnaire translation The English version of the survey was translated into 20 languages (Bosnian, Croatian, Danish, Dutch, Estonian, French, Georgian, German, Italian, Lithuanian, Polish, Portuguese, Romanian, Slovenian, Spanish, Turkish and Ukrainian) using online translation platforms (DeepL and Google translate). The first drafts of the translated surveys were corrected by the EACD national coordinators in the appropriate language. Finally, the survey was only developed in languages for which feedback from  Open access the national coordinator had been obtained; therefore, it exists in 20 languages (English and 19 translations) (online supplemental appendix 1).
Data analysis and statistics Responses will be automatically collected through the survey platform. Responses from participants who are not working in motor rehabilitation with children will be excluded. Responses from participants who have not completed at least part 1 (description of the respondent) and one part from parts 3, 4 or 5 about technologies will be excluded. Completion rate will be evaluated by dividing the number of respondents who fulfilled part 1 and at least one part from parts 3, 4 or 5 by the number of people who have not completed part 1 and at least one part from parts 3, 4 or 5. The sample characteristics and the study outcomes (ease of access, frequency of use and type and purpose of use) will be summarised using descriptive statistics. The association between study determinants and each outcome will be estimated using univariate analyses.
Patient and public involvement This study was designed by a multidisciplinary steering committee that was composed of professionals involved in paediatric motor rehabilitation (physicians and physiotherapists) and the mother of a child with disability. The steering committee worked closely with the EACD national coordinators and thus with local professional organisations involved in motor rehabilitation for children. The outcomes of the survey will be shared with EACD members, local professional organisations involved in paediatric motor rehabilitation, the families of children who participate in motor rehabilitation, patient organisations and public authorities. Industries and companies will be able to make a written request for access to the results of the survey. The steering committee will consider the requests and share the data with those interested in rehabilitation technologies for children with disabilities.
Ethics and dissemination The study is conducted according to current French legislation (loi Jardé (n°2012-300)). 37 The study protocol was submitted to Brest CHRU Institutional Review Board which considered that ethical committee approval was not necessary for this research. SurveyMonkey-Momentive is the hosting platform. Its information systems and technical infrastructure are hosted within SOC 2 accredited data centres. It has been awarded ISO 27001 certification. It can use respondents' information to improve its services. It does not share information or data with third parties. Respondents have access to the privacy notice. 38 No personal information is collected by the survey. It is not possible to identify or trace responders (no email or IP address), thus anonymity is guaranteed. 39 tudy findings will be presented at national and international meetings and submitted for publication in a peer-reviewed journal.
Tactile stimuli Two gold electrodes were placed on the first and third phalanx of the left index finger of the participant. Electrical stimulations were delivered by a constant current stimulator (GRASS technology). The electrical stimulation was felt on the internal face of the third phalanx (cathode electrode). Stimulations were composed of 5 ms-long boxcar pulses, repeated at a given frequency. The overall tactile stimulation lasted 500 ms. Tactile stimuli were generated using Matlab 2013b. Experiment I: tactile detection task Each experiment was programmed using the software package Presentation (Version 17. 1, Neurobehavioral Systems, www. neurobs. com). The tactile detection threshold was estimated in each participant, prior to Exp. II and III. The aim was twofold: (i) matching the subjective stimulation intensity between participants for the subsequent discrimination task; (ii) comparing NT and ASD participants in terms of both the mean and the variance of this threshold.