dataesr/scientific-paragraphs-categorization huggingface dataset:
CHARACTERISTICS OF MARIJUANA USAGE IN SICKLE CELL PATIENTS A Roy*, M Konda, A Goel, A Sasapu. University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 10. 1136/jim-2020-SRM. 518 Purpose of study Sickle cell disease (SCD) pain is a significant health care issue in the United States which prompts physicians to prescribe opioids. Many SCD patients are using marijuana to help with their pain, anxiety, appetite, mood and sleep. We are still unsure about the medical benefits of marijuana in SCD patients as there are very limited studies done so far. In our study, we sought to examine the characteristics and complications of marijuana usage in SCD. Methods used The National Inpatient Sample database for the year 2016 was used to identify SCD and cannabis-related disorder (CRD) admissions. ICD-10 codes are used for identifying the SCD patients and also for CRD.
Methods used The study involves 20 pairs of stage II CoCA patients' tumors, one set whose tumor did not recur, and one whose tumors recurred either locally or distant. They were matched by age, sex, tumor location, and degree of differentiation. A tissue microarray of both sets was constructed, and immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining for GABRP was performed. These slides were subsequently scanned for digital quantification analysis using Aperio Imagescope and percentage of positive expression of the pi subunit were compared and statistically analyzed between the patient populations using GraphPad Prism 8 software.
Testing of additional antimicrobials should be performed. Purpose of study Analysis of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) via polymerase chain reaction (PCR) allows for the rapid identification of causative organisms responsible for meningitis. Methods used A retrospective analysis was conducted of a pediatric population with a positive CSF multiplex PCR panel admitted at Children's and Women's Hospital, Mobile, AL from 6/1/16 to 8/31/18. Patients with positive findings on CSF multiplex PCR were identified and data was collected via chart review. Patients were grouped by age (less than 30-daysold, 30 to 90-days-old, and greater than 90-days-old). Patients who had multiple CSF multiplex PCR studies performed had only their first encounter included. Summary of results Of the 79 individuals that met the inclusion criteria, the median age was 38 days old (range: 1 day old to 12 years old).
Methods used After IRB approval, a retrospective chart review was performed on all pediatric multiplex PCR GI panels obtained from June 2016 to August 2018. The monthly frequency for each of the 22 assay targets was calculated. A descriptive analysis of the data was performed for co-pathogen detection, seasonal patterns, and history of relevant immunizations. Summary of results A total of 772 assays were performed during the study period at a total cost of $154,000 ($200/test), with a total of 594 positive results. The most commonly detected targets were C. difficile, EPEC, and Norovirus. Approximately 10% of positive C. difficile results were also positive for Norovirus. 45% of positive C. difficile results and 58% of positive EPEC results were positive for at least one other pathogen. 20% of patients who tested positive for Rotavirus were immunized with the Rotavirus vaccine within four weeks of the positive result.
The aim of the QI project was to achieve a 10% reduction in 9 months (April 2018 to December 2018) in the mean antibiotic utilization rate (AUR) for culture negative young febrile infants <60 days of age. The aim would be achieved without a 5% increase in hospital readmissions and re-initiation of antibiotics within 5 days of discontinuation. Methods used The baseline AUR was calculated from retrospective data obtained using specific admit diagnosis codes for febrile infants aged <60 days for a period of 5 months prior to implementing an agreed upon algorithm. The evidencebased algorithm centered on discontinuing antibiotics at 24 hours negative culture and withholding antibiotics with confirmed viral infections in low risk groups. Following the introduction of the algorithm in April 2018, multiple Plan-Do-Study-Act cycles were employed and data was collected to track outcome, balancing, and process measures.
Improving compliance will likely lead to even further decrease in AUR. Purpose of study Tuberculosis meningitis (TBM) is the most fatal form of TB disease, however, there is scarce data on clinical and post treatment outcomes and even less on the impact of multi drug-resistance (MDR). To help fill these knowledge gaps, we conducted a study evaluating predictors of mortality among patients treated for TBM. Methods used We conducted a retrospective cohort study. Patients treated for TBM at the National Center for TB and Lung Diseases (NCTLD) in Tbilisi, Georgia between 2013-2017 were eligible. For each case, we abstracted clinical, microbiological, laboratory, and radiological data. End of treatment outcomes (cured, completed, lost to follow up, failure, and death) were obtained through the NCTLD database and long-term outcomes (dead or alive) were obtained through the National Death Registry 1 year after treatment completion.
or IP between 2013 and 2015 to an urban, tertiary-care children's hospital, for uncomplicated, community-acquired UTI were included. We collected demographic, clinical and laboratory data via chart review. Multivariable regression was used to determine factors associated with diagnosis of true UTI, defined, liberally, as >10,000 colony forming units (CFU)/mL of a pathogenic organism in urine culture. We also analyzed urine culture and susceptibility results to determine optimal empiric therapy. We developed a clinical pathway to optimize UTI diagnosis and treatment.
Our data reveals clear diagnostic parameters to increase the likelihood of accurate diagnosis and provides evidence for using 1st generation cephalosporins as treatment. By creating a clinical pathway, we aim to use this data practically in both the ED and inpatient settings. Purpose of study The purpose of this study is to explore the difference in knowledge and attitudes regarding the HPV vaccination among health care providers at Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center in Lubbock, Texas. Methods used After obtaining Institutional Review Board (IRB) approval, health care providers within the academic setting were emailed a Qualtrics survey regarding their knowledge of HPV and the vaccine, including recommendations, perceived barriers to vaccination, personal HPV vaccine beliefs, and desire for further education on the vaccine and basic demographics.
Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS software version 23. A p value of <0. 05 was considered statistically significant. Summary of results While providers sampled in the survey stated they understood the appropriate vaccination guidelines and risks/benefits, provider attitudes and beliefs surrounding the vaccine differed significantly related to gender of the provider. Women were more likely to believe earlier initiation (age 9) of the vaccine in females was preferable (p value 0. 014) whereas men were more comfortable with initiation at a later date  (11) (12). These responses were only influenced by the provider's gender, not by the gender of the child receiving the vaccination, as male respondents still agreed that the best age to begin the series in boys was 11-12 years old, whereas female respondents advocated for beginning at age 9 (p value 0.
Purpose of study Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a chronic lung disease often seen in premature infants. Previous work has shown that liberal fluid regimens resulting in hyponatremia increase the risk of BPD. The goal of this project is to determine if common biomarkers that contribute to fluid balance such as glucose, albumin, sodium, hemoglobin and creatinine are associated with BPD. Methods used Infants born with BW<1800 g were identified from a NICU database from Jan 2014-Dec 2018. Lab data was downloaded and CRIB2 scores were calculated to account for baseline severity of illness; patients were categorized by BW and hour of life. ANOVA, linear and logistic regression analyses were done to compare serum glucose, albumin, sodium, hemoglobin (Hb), and creatinine levels between BPD vs non-BPD infants.
Supernatants from Ko grown in the absence of CHO or with sorbitol demonstrated minimal toxicity; glucose and lactulose robustly increased apoptosis. Glucose repressed indole synthesis and almost doubled the concentration of tilimycin (11. 8 ng/ml to 20. 0 ng/ml). Supernatant tilimycin was detected by 12 hrs when Ko was grown in Special Care ® and EleCare ® but was undetectable in DHM. Purpose of study Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) affects up to 15,000 VLBW infants annually with subsequent high morbidity. Hyponatremia has been reported to have a detrimental effect in lung disease due to fluid imbalances, but the effect of glucose has yet to be elucidated. We hypothesize that aberrant glucose control, not sodium, increases the incidence of BPD. Methods used Case control matching was done from a database of 605 infants using the Matchit package for propensity score matching from the R statistical environment.
Covariates included standard demographics, etiology of rhabdomyolysis, and exposure to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID). Routine statistics and multivariable logistic modeling was performed via SAS 9. 4. Summary of results 313 pediatric patients with rhabdomyolysis were included in this study. Mean age was 11. 54 years (SD 5. 3 years). Patients were predominately male (70. 1%), non-Hispanic white (55. 1%), and publicly insured (45. 2%). There was a history of NSAID use in 54 children (16. 8%). Overall, 45. 1% of children admitted with rhabdomyolysis developed AKI. In unadjusted analysis, virus identification was not statically significantly with the development of AKI. However, adjusting for age, sex, race, insurance type, and history of NSAID exposure prior to admission, those identified with a viral infection were significantly more likely to develop AKI (aOR 2.
Methods used nPOD OCT slides were obtained from non-diabetic donors (Control), autoantibody positive non-diabetic donors (AB+) and donors with T1D (T1D). Islets were categorized based on the presence of markers associated with viral infection (VIMs), HLA, Mx1, dsRNA, and PKR, identified via immunohistochemical staining. Laser capture was used to manually isolate islets. From each donor, islets were pooled based on the number of VIMs (0 VIMs, 1 VIMs or 2VIMs). After pooled islets were obtained, RNA was extracted, and microarray used to assess transcriptomes. We used GeneSpring software (version 13. 0, Silicon Genetics, Redwood, CA) to generate a list of genes that showed differential expression between donors/VIMs. Using Webgestalt we identified pathways enriched in the lists of differentially expressed genes.
Cycle 3 is working to improve multidisciplinary participation. Future directions for the initiative include improvement of communication during and after DR resuscitations and DR documentation improvement. Purpose of study The purpose of this study was to assess the acceptability and impact of a quality improvement (QI) initiative of the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) Chapter Quality Network (CQN) network on vaccination rates at selected practices in Oklahoma. Through academic detailing and monthly meetings we seek to identify missed opportunities for vaccination and train clinics to employ new methods and improved techniques that could increase immunization rates. Methods used Surveys were given prior to the beginning of the project. Immunization and missed opportunity data was collected monthly in RedCap database.
To our knowledge, there have been no studies demonstrating the effectiveness of QR codes in obtaining feedback during didactic sessions. Methods used During lectures at the Medical University of South Carolina's academic half-day, attendees were asked to fill out lecture feedback forms. Attached to the feedback form is a three-question assessment of the feedback format (QR accessed vs. paper form). For half the lectures, we distribute feedback forms on paper. For the other half, we provide a QR code linked to the feedback form that is completed on a smart phone. The QR code generated feedback uploads to a REDCap database.
Although there is a paucity of high-quality evidence, systematic reviews have been published at a rapid rate. Given the $86 billion potential market value by 2025, the weight of evidence for e-cigarettes in smoking cessation is critical. Methods used We searched several databased from inception up to August 2018 with key terms related to e-cigarettes and smoking cessation, filtering for systematic reviews/meta-analyses. Each included review was classified and ranked by study design using a validated instrument called the AMSTAR tool.
JM Patel*, N Dankhara, JL Fish, J Desai. UMMC, Madison, MS 10. 1136/jim-2020-SRM. 383 Purpose of study To compare mortality and length of stay (LOS) outcomes of multiple gestation births as compared to singleton births: Analysis of Multicenter KID database. Methods used Data from national multicenter Kids' Inpatient Database of the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project from the years 2000,.
and subsequent Contact Isolation Precautions (CIP) influence measurable outcomes of inpatient hospitalizations. Methods used Data was obtained from the University of Mis- sissippi Medical Center (UMMC) health system database for persons treated inpatient from 2013-2019. These patients were filtered to meet set parameters including location of care limited to main UMMC hospital and Critical Care Tower, pri- mary service as General Medicine, isolation status limited to MRSA nares positive CIP only, and diagnosis (excluding cellu- litis or MRSA bacteremia) in order to assess LOS compared to the second cohort (MRSA nares positive encounter after CIP guideline change at UMMC) of which data was gathered from July 1, 2018 -May 31, 2019. After filtering for con- founding variables, cohort 1 had 496 patients and cohort 2 had 246 patients.
1 LSUHSC, New Orleans, LA; 2 Childrens 22Q11 SYNDROMES IN LA: A CARDIAC PERSPECTIVE 1 Hospital of New Orleans, New Orleans, LA 10. 1136/jim-2020-SRM. 378 Purpose of study To profile the 22q11 patient (pt) in LA to determine if this chromosomal abnormality shows regional dif-ferences in presentation compared to a popularly accepted prevalence study. Methods used A database was generated from Children's Hos-pital of New Orleans 1997-2017. A retrospective chart review was carried out. Summary of results 67 complete records of 22q11 deletion patients were included. Sexes were equal. Race was weighted toward whites (82%). 14. 9% came from St. Tammany parish, which accounts for 5. 4% of the LA population. Prevalence was not statistically different from other parishes. 379 NS Noordin*, M Jameson, D Shah, B Bailey.
1136/jim-2020-SRM. 510 (60%) hospitalizations and 21 deaths. High-risk groups (HRG) include recreational drug use, homelessness, chronic CB Wilhoit*, N Holman, D Rockey. Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC liver disease and men who have sex with men. Once identi- 10. 1136/jim-2020-SRM. 508 fied, HRG should be screened for HAV and vaccinated if not immune. Our aim was to identify HRG patients and increase Purpose of study Lack of clear evidence in red blood cell immunity (defined as HAV immunization or serological (RBC) transfusion during GI bleeding has led to varied recom- immunity). mendations over the years. However, prior studies have pro- Methods used A database of HRG patients at the Memphis vided evidence about appropriate RBC transfusion thresholds, VAMC was created based on ICD-10 codes.
The objective of this study is to investigate and to simulate the gaze deployment of observers on paintings. For that purpose, we built a large eye tracking dataset composed of 150 paintings belonging to 5 art movements. We observed that the gaze deployment over the proposed paintings was very similar to the gaze deployment over natural scenes. Therefore, we evaluate existing saliency models and propose a new one which significantly outperforms the most recent deep-based saliency models. Thanks to this new saliency model, we can predict very accurately what are the salient areas of a painting. This opens new avenues for many image-based applications such as animation of paintings or transformation of a still painting into a video clip.
The performances of such models have significantly increased. This comes with the definition of new eye-tracking experiments allowing us to collect large scale eye-tracking dataset. New and efficient similarity metrics have been also defined to compare actual eye-tracking data with predicted one  [13] [14] [15]  More recently, a new generation of models, relying on deep networks, has brought a new momentum in this field of research, boosting our ability to predict salient areas  [16] [17] [18]. Most of deep saliency models are trained with eye-tracking data collected over natural scenes. Such models perform best over this kind of visual scenes whereas their performances are significantly reduced when the input stimulus does not belong to such a category, such as webpages, UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicles) imagery  [19] , comics  [20]  to name a few.
To cope with the lack of generalisation of visual attention models, it is common to fine-tune deep saliency models with eye-tracking data collected over the target visual scenes, such as comics  [20]  or webpages  [21]. In this paper, we are interested in the design of a new deep saliency model to predict the overt bottom-up visual attention over paintings. For that purpose, we built a new eye-tracking dataset composed of 150 paintings stemming from five art periods, going from romanticism to fauvism periods. We first analyze the main characteristics of the visual deployment of observers while they freely viewed these paintings. During the last decade, some studies investigated how the visual salience of paintings influences our gaze deployment. In  [22] , the authors investigated the influence of visual salience on abstract and depictive paintings.
We then fine-tune an existing deep model to test whether or not we can improve its ability to predict where we look at. The paper is organized as follows. First, we present the proposed eye tracking experiments conducted on 150 paintings. The second part presents the main gaze-based characteristics. We discuss whether or not they are similar to gaze-based characteristics computed on natural scenes. The third part evaluates the ability of computational models of visual attention to predict where we look at. We put to the test existing saliency models that are based either on handcrafted features or on deep networks. We also fine-tune a deep learning-based saliency model and we demonstrate an increase of the performance. We conclude the paper in the last section. To sum up, our contributions are: • the design of a new eye-tracking dataset over 150 paintings, belonging to five art periods; • the analysis of gaze deployment over the proposed set of paintings; • a benchmark of existing saliency models; • a new and dedicated deep model for predicting saliency over paintings.
The proposed dataset is composed of 150 paintings. Each of the 5 categories consists of 30 paintings. The titles of paintings used in this study are given in S1 File. During the experiments, it was required to show paintings in a similar way. For that purpose, we used a grey image with a 16/9 ratio in which the painting is centered without any deformations. Left and right grey stripes are more or less important according the aspect ratio of paintings. Several examples are given in Fig 2. In addition, all paintings are in a landscape format. We do not normalize the stimuli in luminance and contrast. The rationale of this choice is to be as close as the original paintings downloaded on Internet. However, for the sake of completeness, we report below the statistics concerning the Michelson contrast and average luminance and chrominance.
Participants Twenty one participants, 16 men and 5 women, took part in the experiments. Except one participant aged 50, all participants were aged between 20 and 30 year old. Participants were asked to look at paintings in a free-viewing task. The instruction given to participants was then to look at the paintings as naturally as possible. In total, we collected in average 2100 fixations per participant, and overall more than 44000 fixations were collected. The experiment has been conducted according to the principles expressed in the Declaration of Helsinki. Participants were properly instructed of the experiment goal and gave a verbal consent to participate in the experiment. Participant's names were never recorded and eye tracking data were fully analyzed anonymously. For all these reasons, the approval of ethic committee was not required.
Results and analysis In this section, we present the analysis of the eye tracking data we collected. We observe that the distribution of visual fixation durations follows a long-tailed asymmetric distribution. The median fixation duration is equal to 238 ms. These observations are similar to what researchers are used to observe on natural scenes  [35]. We also examine the total fixation time, which is the sum of fixation durations over the paintings divided by the number of observers. On  The painting with the shortest fixation time, equal to 1896 ms, is Paysage avec du betail au limousin, Jules Dupre, 1837. These paintings are illustrated on the bottom of Fig  4  One obvious difference between these 2 paintings concerns the number and the size of the visually important areas. In the former, there are 4 regions of interest, i.
The main idea behind the proposed architectures is to leverage these CNN in order to extract deep features; these features are then used to determine the salient part of an image. For this purposed, different architectures have been proposed. They could be multiscale, such as SALICON, or involve a shallow network such as MLNET and DeepGazeII. SAM models leverage attentive Convolutional LSTM (Long Short-Term Memory) to enhance saliency features. Regarding the loss function, MLNET used a weighted Euclidean distance in order to give more importance to errors on salient areas. SAM models used a combination of saliency-based losses, which turns out to be very efficient  [50]. The datasets used to train these models are all composed of natural scenes. Note that SALICON dataset does not consist of eye-tracking data but of mouse tracking data.
All these points could provide to SAM-Res-Net a better generalization than other tested models. As mentioned earlier, deep saliency models perform quite well on average on the proposed paintings dataset. This is eventually not that surprising since the chosen paintings do not violate ecological visual principles. Those paintings aim at representing casual objects, natural scenes and characters with more or less visual fidelity. It suggests that deep models, that has been trained over natural scenes, are not impeded by neither the painting style nor the limitations imposed by painting materials  [22]. The deep models then generalize well and significantly outperform non-supervised handcrafted-based models by successfully leveraging lowlevel features and semantics (or higher-level features) ones  [52].
This is consistent with findings in  [22] , supporting the bottom-up hypothesis of salience-driven attention for the tested paintings. However, this observation needs to be tone down. Indeed, performances of deep models are not that high compared to those we are used to observe on natural scenes. For instance, the model SAM-ResNet performs, in terms of CC, at 0. 78 on MIT300  [14] , and at 0. 89 on CAT2000 dataset  [53]  (these scores have been taken from the MIT benchmark website https:// saliency. mit. edu/). On the proposed dataset, the performance of this model decreases to 0. 7. Similarly, MLNET performs at 0. 67 on MIT300, whereas it performs at 0. 576 on the proposed dataset. This suggest that there is room for improvement and that we can go further by improving the ability of such models to predict the salience over paintings.