europa. eu/research/health/index. cfm# We thank  Alvar Agusti ,  Jacques Beckmann ,  Laurent Nicod ,  Andres Metspalu ,  Damjana Rozman ,  Philippe Sabatier ,  Ferran Sanz ,  Peter Sterk ,  Giulio Superti-Furga ,  Jesper Tegnér ,  Olaf Wolkenhauer , and two anonymous reviewers, who provided insightful comments that helped to improve the manuscript. Figure 1 was prepared by  Bertrand De Meulder ,  Alexander Mazein ,  Johann Pellet ,  Mansoor Saqi , and  Irina Balaur. Workshop participants represent the following projects supported by the  European Union 's  Horizon 2020 and the Seventh Framework Programme: AETIONOMY (Organising mechanistic knowledge about neurodegenerative diseases  for the improvement of drug development and therapy, IMI-n°1 15568), ASTERIX (New methodologies for clinical trials for small population groups,  FP7-n°603160 ),  BBMRI ERIC, BLUEPRINT (A Blueprint of Haematopoetic Epigenomes ,  FP7-n°282510 ), BRIDGEHealth (BRidging Information and Data Generation for Evidence-based Health policy and research,  H2020-n°664691 ),  CANCER-ID  (Cancer treatment and monitoring through identification of circulating tumour cells and tumour related nucleic acids in blood FP7-n°115749),  CASyM  ( Coordinating Action Systems Medicine-Implementation of Systems Medicine across Europe ,  FP7-n°305033 ), COMBIMS (A novel drug discovery method based on systems biology: combination therapy and biomarkers for  Multiple Sclerosis ,  FP7-n°305397 ),  DECIPHER PCP  ( Distributed European Community Individual Patient Healthcare Electronic Record ,  FP7-n°288028 ),  ECHO (European Collaboration for Healthcare Optimization ,  FP7-n°242189 ),  ELIXIR (European Life-science Infrastructure for Biological Information ,  FP7-n°211601 ),  EMIF (European Medical Information Framework ,  IMI-n°115372 ),  EpiGeneSys (Epigenetics towards systems biology ,  FP7-n°257082 ),  ERA-IB (ERA-Net for Industrial Biotechnology 2 ,  FP7-n°291814 ),  ERASynBio (Development and Coordination of Synthetic Biology in the European Research Area ,  FP7-n°2 91728 ),  ERASysAPP  ( Systems Biology Applications ,  FP7-n°321567 ),  ESGI (European Sequencing and Genotyping Infrastructure ,  FP7-n°262055 ), eTRIKS ( Delivering European Translational Information & Knowledge Management Services ,  IMI-n°115446 ),  EU-MASCARA, EUROBIOFORUM ,  European Lung Foundation , IDeAl (Integrated Design and Analysis of small population trials,  FP7-n°602552 ), KConnect ( H2020-n°644753 ),  MedBioinformatics  (Creating medically-driven integrative bioinformatics applications focused on oncology, CNS disorders and their comorbidities,  H2020-n°634143 ),  MeDALL (Mechanisms of the Development of ALLergy ,  FP7-n°261357 ), MIMOmics (Methods for Integrated analysis of Multiple Omics datasets,  FP7-n°305280 ),  MULTIMOD (Multi-layer network modules to identify markers for personalized medication in complex diseases ,  FP7-n°223367 ),  IMI ND4BB TRANSLOCATION (New Drugs 4 Bad Bugs ,  IMI-n°115525 ),  PARENT (PAtient REgistries iNiTiative ,  CHAFEA  Project Grant  n°2011 23 02 ), p-medicine (From data sharing and integration via VPH models to personalized medicine,  FP7-n°270089 ),  PREDEMICS (Preparedness, Prediction and Prevention of Emerging Zoonotic Viruses with Pandemic Potential using Multidisciplinary Approaches ,  FP7-n°278433 ),  PREPARE (Platform for European Preparedness Against (Re-) emerging  Epidemics ,  FP7-n°6 02525 ),  READNA (Revolutionary Approaches and Devices for Nucleic Acid analysis ,  FP7-n°201418 ),  CHAARM (Combined Highly Active Anti-retroviral Microbicides ,  FP7-n°242135 ), ProteomeXchange ( International Data Exchange and Data Representation Standards for Proteomics ,  FP7-n°260558 ),  PSIMEx  ( Proteomics Standards International Molecular Exchange-Systematic Capture of Published Molecular Interaction Data ,  FP7-n°223411 ),  RADIANT (Rapid Development and Distribution of Statistical Tools for High-Throughput Sequencing Data   FP7-n°305626 ),  SEMCARE (Semantic Data Platform for Healthcare ,  FP7-n°611388 ), SPRINTT (Sarcopenia and Physical fRailty IN older people: multi-componenT Treatment strategies, IMI-n°1 15621),  STATEGRA (User-driven Development of Statistical Methods for Experimental Planning ,  Data Gathering , and  Integrative Analysis of Next Generation Sequencing , proteomics and Metabolomics data FP7-n°306000),  SysCLAD (Systems prediction of Chronic Lung Allograft Dysfunction ,  FP7-n°3 54457 ),  SYSMEDIBD (Systems medicine of chronic inflammatory bowel disease ,  FP7-n°305564 ),  U-BIOPRED  ( Unbiased BIOmarkers  for the PREDiction of respiratory disease outcomes, IMI-n°115010),  VPH-share (Virtual Physiological Human: Sharing for Healthcare -A Research Environment ,  FP7-n°269978 ).