dataesr/scientific-paragraphs-categorization huggingface dataset:
Conclusion In this paper, we presented an approach using ontology as a solution to overcome the issues of database exploitation in the context of heterogeneous and distributed data. We then implemented this ontology in a semantic query system, and as the first results, the scientists at GIN can query database themselves without know previously the data model. As future work, we will focus on the test of query interface proposed with various sets of queries. For scientists at GIN, the return results need to be captured, represented, saved, enhanced, shared and reused by other users and in a different context. Furthermore, it will be necessary to link the data (instance) in the database with concepts in the ontology model. The aim of this work is to enable the using of semantic query language (SPARQL for example) to query the database.
Aims. NGC 6334 and NGC 6357 are amongst the most active, optically visible Galactic star-forming complexes. They are composed of several H ii regions that have a significant impact on their surrounding. The aim of this paper is to present a kinematic study of the optical H ii regions that belong to NGC 6334 and NGC 6357. Methods. We use Fabry-Perot interferometer observations of the Hα line, which cover NGC 6334 and NGC 6357. These observations allow us to analyse the Hα line profiles to probe the kinematics of the ionised gas of both regions. We complement the Hα observations with multi-wavelength data to specify the nature of the H ii regions. Results. We determine the dynamical nature of the optical H ii regions that belongs to NGC 6334 and NGC 6357. In NGC 6334, GUM 61 is an expanding wind shell-like H ii region, GUM 64b exhibits a champagne flow, GM1-24 is the Hα counterpart of two larger regions and H ii 351.
Hα data Data cubes (x, y, λ) were obtained in 1994 with a 36 cm telescope located at ESO -La Silla Observatory, which was 1 http://astro. phys. wvu. edu/wise equipped with a scanning Fabry-Perot interferometer and a photon counting camera. The interference order of the Fabry-Perot interferometer used is 2604 at Hα wavelength, which provides a spectral sampling of 5 km s -1 for a spectral range of 115 km s -1 and a typical velocity accuracy of 1 km s -1 (le  Coarer et al. 1992). The interference filter used is centred at 6562 Å, with a FWHM 11 Å. Each data cube that was obtained has a pixel size of 9 × 9 and a field of view of 38 × 38. The spatial coverage of NGC 6334 and NGC 6357 requires six and eight fields respectively. Figures  2  and 3  show the mosaic of observed fields. The contrast of these figures has been adapted to underline the faint and diffuse emissions but a better view of the central high intensity areas can be seen in  Figs.
SGPS and MGPS data The Southern Galactic Plane Survey (SGPS) 2  is a survey of the 21 cm continuum and H I spectral line emission in the fourth quadrant and parts of the first and third quadrants of the disk of the Milky Way  (McClure-Griffiths et al. 2005 , Haverkorn, et al. 2006). The SGPS consists of two surveys: a low-resolution (FWHM = 15 ) survey that was completed with the Parkes 64 m radio telescope and a high-resolution (FWHM = 2 ) interferometric survey that was completed with the Australia Telescope Compact Array (ATCA). The data have been combined to provide a data set that has an angular resolution of about 2 arcmin, a spectral resolution of 0. 82 km s -1 , and a sensitivity limit of ∼1. 6 K in the line. When the number is followed by an asterisk or a hat symbol, this means that the fitted Gaussian has a FWHM that is significantly larger or thinner than 25 km s -1 , respectively.
The HI data (Sect. 4. 1) also confirm that the gas layer around +6 km s -1 is foreground. The above results can be summarised as follows: 1. The ∼+6 km s -1 velocity component is a foreground extended layer of gas that is not related to NGC 6334 and NGC 6357. 2. The origin of the diffuse component around -20 km s -1 is not clear, but it probably originates from the galactic plane. 3. Velocity components around and more negative than -40 km s -1 are due to background emissions. 4. Velocities between -11 km s -1 and 0 km s -1 trace the NGC 6334 and NGC 6357 complex. When seen in absorbtion, they trace clouds that reside in the local environment of the regions. In the following, we aim to determine the kinematics using the Hα data cubes, but we have to bear in mind that the galactic longitude of NGC 6334 and NGC 6357 makes the analysis difficult.
See text for more details. Genes nomenclature has been retrieved from HUGO gene nomenclature committee (http://www. genenames. org/) for H. sapiens; SGD: Saccharomyces genome database (http://www. yeastgenome. org/) for S. cerevisiae; and GeneDB (http://www. genedb. org). For Leishmania, genes names designation follows the guidelines for Trypanosoma and Leishmania genetic nomenclature  (Clayton et al. , 1998). These genes are identified by protein similarity obtained by BLAST search (http://www. ncbi. nlm. nih. gov/; http://www. genedb. org/blast). homology searches, and ORC4, Tb3120 and Tb7980  (Shen, 2013; Tiengwe et al. , 2012b)  by affinity purification. Through additional phylogenetic analyses, McCulloch et al. (Tiengwe et al. , 2012b ) concluded that Tb927. 10. 13380 from T. brucei encodes a divergent orthologue of the eukaryotic ORC4 subunit.
, is the only group with two PRIMPOL-like proteins (PPL1 and PPL2) (Table  2 ). PPL1, like human PRIMPOL, is not essential for T. brucei viability. On the contrary, PPL2 seems to have a specialized role in finishing DNA replication properly, particularly in perturbed conditions. Therefore, it is essential for T. brucei viability. PrimPollike proteins are not conserved among all eukaryotes. For instance, they are absent in Drosophila, C. elegans, and many fungi, including S. cerevisiae, suggesting an early horizontal origin. It has been proposed that PPL2 is required for bypassing endogenous DNA damage generated during S phase  (Rudd et al. , 2013 (Rudd et al. , , 2014)). (Clayton et al. , 1998). Gene homologous are identified through an explicit heuristic phylogenetic analysis (not shown) optimized by maximum parsimony, using amino acid sequences available in existing public genetic databases.
Noteworthy, this phosphorylation occurs on threonine 130, a position that seems to be unique to the Trypanosomatidae family  (Glover & Horn, 2012). It was proposed that H2AX phosphorylation leads to Not found a Functional description from the Saccharomyces genome database and Genome UCSC. Genes nomenclature has been retrieved from HUGO gene nomenclature committee (http://www. genenames. org/) for H. sapiens; SGD: Saccharomyces genome database (http://www. yeastgenome. org/) for S. cerevisiae; and GeneDB (http://www. genedb. org). For Leishmania genes names designation follows the guidelines for Trypanosoma and Leishmania genetic nomenclature  (Clayton et al. , 1998). These gene are identified by protein similarity obtained by BLAST search (http://www. ncbi. nlm. nih. gov/; http://www. genedb.
Homologous DNA polymerases from H. sapiens, S. cerevisiae, and Leishmania spp. (L. infantum, L. braziliensis, and L. mexicana). Functional description from the Saccharomyces genome database and Genome UCSC. Genes nomenclature has been retrieved from HUGO gene nomenclature committee (http://www. genenames. org/) for H. sapiens; SGD: Saccharomyces genome database (http://www. yeastgenome. org/) for S. cerevisiae; and GeneDB (http://www. genedb. org). For Leishmania, genes names designation follows the guidelines for Trypanosoma and Leishmania genetic nomenclature.
Acknowledgements The authors thank  M. Fors , the  Ecuadorian Ministerio de Salud P ublica-MSP , and  Agencia de Regulaci  on y Control Sanitario-ARCSA for facilitating administrative tasks and authorization of the needed permissions. The authors also thank  E. Andermarcher  for edition work,  J. L. Ram  ırez for critical Reading, and the  Centro Internacional de Zoonosis  staff for their support.
08_29. 2260) and replisome progression. It is one of the components of the PSF1 PSF1 PSF1 (LinJ. 15. 1580; LbrM. 15. 1510; eukaryotic replicative helicase: the CMG (CDC45-MCM-GINS) LmxM. 15. 1510. 1) complex PSF2 PSF2 PSF2 (LinJ. 36. 4400;LbrM. 35. 4440;LmxM. 36. 4190. 1) PSF3 PSF3 PSF3 (LinJ. 31. 1680; LbrM. 31. 1890; LmxM. 30. 1660. 1) CDK1 (CDC2) CDC28 CRK1 (Mottram et al. , 1993) (LinJ. 21. 1320; LbrM. 21. 1310; LmxM. 21. 1080) a Functional description from the Saccharomyces genome database and Genome UCSC. b Tb09. 160. 3120 original identification number.
Data availability All simulations for this study have been performed using the ARTDECO simulation package. ARTDECO (Atmospheric Radiative Transfer Database for Earth Climate Observation) is a numerical tool that gathers several models and data for the simulation of Earth atmosphere radiances and radiative fluxes as observed with passive sensors (hyperspectral excluded) in the UV to thermal IR range. The full software suite can be obtained through the ICARE Data and Services Center (2016) at http://www. icare. univ-lille1. fr/projects/artdeco.
Acknowledgements. The authors are grateful for financial support from CNES as well as  NASA 's  SMD/ESD  (several programmes managed by  H. Maring ,  K. Jucks  and  R. Eckman ). They also thank  Dave Diner ,  Jay Herman  and  Yuequi Yang  for fruitful discussions. Guillaume Merlin  is supported by a PhD grad from  CNES  and  Région Nord-Pas de Calais. Edited by: B. Kahn Reviewed by: three anonymous referees.
Data Analysis We represented VL results above 1000 copies per milliliter obtained with both m2000rt and the G2 generic assays with linearity plot (expressed in log 10 -transformed copies/mL). Correlation between assays was measured by a Pearson correlation test. Then, for bias and agreement measurements, we analyzed VL values using the Bland-Altman approach  14  at both 1000 and 5000 copies per milliliter VL thresholds. The Bland-Altman graph plots the difference between individual VL values from both techniques against the mean.
DISCUSSION Equitable access to health technology is critical for universal health coverage. 15 Despite renewed interest in health system issues and growing attention by global funding mechanisms,  16  health technology assessments remain little used in the global health context. The concept of using DBS for centralizing VL samples at reference laboratories in resource-constrained environments has been proven for some years,  5, [7] [8] [9] 17  but our review of the PubMed and Google Scholar databases found no report of its successful roll-out under programmatic conditions. Its application to the DRC context and appropriation by the management of the National AIDS Control Program demonstrated its feasibility under particularly challenging programmatic conditions. By doing so, it balanced technology challenges with systemic challenges of equal importance.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The authors dedicate this publication to the memory of their colleague  Dr Augustin Okenge Nyuma, MD , director of the  National AIDS program  of  DR  Congo who contributed to the design of the study and was instrumental in its endorsement by the  Ministry of Health , and died during data collection and could not see his efforts materialize. The authors thank  Mr. Samuel Edidi  of  LNRS  for organizing the processing of the samples.
g. every 15 min). The rest of the time, the sonde pump is turned off. Results of preliminary ground-based tests are first presented. In particular, the sonde was able to provide cor-rect ozone concentrations against a reference UV-absorption ozone analyser every 15 min for 4 days. Then we illustrate results from 16 BLBP flights launched over the western Mediterranean during three summer field campaigns of the ChArMEx project (http://charmex. lsce. ipsl. fr): TRAQA in 2012, and ADRIMED and SAFMED in 2013. BLPB drifting altitudes were in the range 0. 25-3. 2 km. The longest flight lasted more than 32 h and covered more than 1000 km. Satisfactory data were obtained when compared to independent ozone measurements close in space and time. The quasi-Lagrangian measurements allowed a first look at ozone diurnal evolution in the marine boundary layer as well as in the lower free troposphere.
ECC ozonesonde general features ECC ozonesondes developed by  Komhyr (1969)  are among the most commonly used worldwide for tropospheric and stratospheric ozone soundings  (Smit et al. , 2007; GAW ASO-POS panel, 2011). Ozone mole fractions x O 3 = P O 3 /P (P being ambient pressure and P O 3 ozone partial pressure) are obtained from the sonde data as follows: x O 3 = R 2F T P I -I 0 Q v , (1) where R = 8. 31 J mol -1 K -1 is the universal gas constant, F = 96485 C mol -1 is the Faraday constant, T is the pump temperature, I is the current measured in the ozonesonde, I 0 is the sonde background current (residual current in absence of ozone) and Q v is the pump volumetric flow rate 3. T , I and P are directly measured on board during the flight, while I 0 and Q v are derived from pre-flight laboratory measurements.
Consequently, the advanced preparations were proceeded 2 to 14 days before the flights. Specific calibration data are available for the 2012 campaign. Measurements were made during the pre-flight preparation phase, whereby the sonde pumped air from an ozone calibrator (Ansyco KT-O3M) with scale points at 1. 4, 56 and 106 ppbv. In this case, the values of the background current and pump flow rate used for data processing were adjusted so that the derived ozone mole fractions fit at best the calibrator scale points. Unfortunately, no such calibration data are available for the 2013 campaigns. Nevertheless, surface ozone mole fraction was continuously measured on the launch site (by means of a TEI 49i UV-absorption ozone analyser). Unlike in 2012, the BLPB ozonesondes worked in continuous mode during the launch and balloon ascent phases, measuring vertical profiles from the ground up to the BLPB ceiling level.
This choice was inferred from laboratory tests presented in Sect. 3. The sonde can also work in continuous mode as in a classical sounding to profile the lower atmosphere during the BLPB ascent. In this case, current intensity data are recorded every 10 s. The continuous mode was available only during the 2013 campaigns (Sect. 4. 2. 1). Once the balloons had reached their ceiling altitude, cruise T i values were set by remote control from the operation centre.
Each run-quiescence sequence was composed of two 10 min, 5 min and 3 min periods during three stages of the test. The reference measurements were (i) a standard (En-Sci Z) ECC ozonesonde working as usual in continuous mode (the reference sonde, hereafter S Ref ) and (ii) a UV-absorption analyser (TEI 42i). The expected absolute accuracy is below 10 % for the reference sonde in the troposphere (GAW ASO-POS panel, 2011), while it is better than 3 ppbv for the UV analyser 5. The background current value of S Ref had to be adjusted to compensate for an obvious bias of -5 ppbbv with 5 The latter value was obtained combining (as rooted sum of squares) the uncertainties given in  Gheusi et al. (2011)  for the analyser measurement itself (1. 2 ppbv) and the calibration chain (2. 3 ppbv). respect to the other data sets (presumably caused by incorrect measurement of the background current for this sonde.
The current establishment is investigated quantitatively from the data presented in Fig. 5. The linear model presented in Fig. 4a  provided a predicted S Exp ozone value for each S Ref value. Real data from S Exp were then compared to the prediction, as a function of time elapsed since last S Exp motor restart (Fig. 5b ). After a rapid growth phase, a ±10 % agreement is achieved within a few tens of seconds. This is not surprising since ECC ozone sensors are known to have a response time to a step change in ozone of 20-30 s (GAW ASOPOS panel, 2011). In the following, we therefore adopt a warm-up time T 1 = 60 s after every motor restart before considering measurements as valid.
BLPBs at ceiling Once the BLPBs had reached their ceiling level, it was difficult to carry out ozone measurements specifically to validate the BLPB ozone data. We nevertheless tried to compare these data to other concurrent ozone data whenever possible. During TRAQA, it was attempted to arrange in-flight rendezvous between the BLPB and the French research aircraft ATR42 10  , which was equipped with a UV-absorption ozone analyser (among many other sensors -Di Biagio et al. ,  2015). This was especially challenging owing to many constraints in the airspace over the western Mediterranean and the inability to control the balloon trajectories. Nevertheless, the aircraft managed to fly as close as possible to the balloons on rare occasions. This was the case on 6 July 2012. Two BLPBs (B08 and B06) were launched from Martigues in the early morning (at 02:37 and 04:46 UTC respectively), and followed similar trajectories toward Corsica (Fig.
Summary and future work A specific adaptation of electrochemical concentration cell (ECC) ozonesonde has been developed for long-duration isopycnic flights in the lower atmosphere aboard the last generation of boundary-layer pressurised balloons (BLPBs): small constant-volume balloons developed by CNES. The main challenge was the relatively short lifetime of conventional ECC ozonesondes. Whereas BLPBs can fly and transmit data for days or even weeks, the working time of ECC ozonesondes is limited to a few hours, chiefly owing to electrolyte evaporation in the cathode chamber. The adopted strategy was to save electrolytes by alternating short working phases (pump motor on) and longer quiescence periods (pump motor off). The adaptation consists of an entirely new electronic implementation of existing elements from commercial ECC En-Sci Z sondes, namely motor, pump and electrochemical cell.
Among other laboratory tests, an outdoor ground-based experiment was conducted over several days in order to evaluate the new ozonesonde performance against the data from a UV absorption analyser, which was considered to be a reference. With warm-up and measurement periods of 1 min each and an overall sequence of 15 min, the ozonesonde provided data within ±10 % from the reference for more than 4 days, capturing several pronounced ozone diurnal cycles (in the range ∼0-60 ppbv) as well as features at shorter timescale. The obtained agreement is within the expected absolute accuracy of ECC ozonesonde data in the troposphere (10 %, according to the GAW ASOPOS panel, 2011). The new ozonesonde was then carried out over the western Mediterranean aboard 16 BLPB flights during three campaigns in summer 2012 and 2013.
Acknowledgements. The ozone BLPB project was supported and funded by the  French space agency CNES , and also by the  French national research institute CNRS/INSU  through its research programme  MISTRALS/ChArMEx. The TRAQA campaign was partly supported by  ADEME  (French environment and energy management agency). We gratefully thank all members of the CNES technical staff, who brought priceless support during and around the field campaigns, as well as the  SEDOO group of the Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées  who made the forecast trajectories used to plan the BLPB launches available. The authors also acknowledge the  NOAA Air Resources Laboratory (ARL)  for the provision of the HYSPLIT transport and dispersion model and READY website (http://www. ready. noaa. gov)used in this publication. Edited by:  J.
Fish sampling A total of 8887 female anchovies was sampled from 2003 to 2015. Female sardines (N = 10 541) were caught between 1971 and 1978 (N = 2192) and between 2004 and 2016 (N = 8259). Samples were randomly collected in trawls of scientific surveys (PELMED & MEDITS, from 2003 onwards) by successively dividing the total anchovy catch until the quantity necessary for analyses was reached or obtained from commercial trawlers operating in the Gulf of Lions during all years. All morphometric analyses were conducted following the same methodology so that data from different years, periods, etc. , would be comparable. Briefly, total body length (L T , to the nearest millimetre), body mass (M, to the nearest 0. 1 g), eviscerated body mass (M E, to the nearest 0. 1 g), sex and gonad mass (M G, to the nearest 0.
However, as sardines reproduce between December and March, size structure information needed to be corrected for this species. Therefore, the theoretical sizes of sardine in winter were estimated from their sizes of the preceding summer recorded during PELMED, using a growth correction formula. Given that small pelagic fish grow mainly during summer, seasonal growth variability was accounted for using Somers' model based on 2003-2014 otolith data  [56, 57]. Adult mortality was assumed to be size independent between summer and the beginning of winter, as mortality was assumed to occur mostly in the first weeks of life or during overwintering. M li was obtained from annual maturity ogives (see Historical changes in reproductive patterns), while BF li was inferred from fecundity analyses (see Fecundity and egg quality).
Data analyses We conducted linear regression analyses between total muscle lipid content and both egg quantity and quality. The coefficient of determination (R 2 ) was used to estimate the proportion of variability explained and the strength of the relationship between the different variables tested. Similarly, linear regressions were also carried out per species between the intensity of atresia and the muscle lipid content and fish length. GLMs with a binomial error distribution were conducted to investigate the relationships between fish length or condition and atresia prevalence. For all relationships and metrics (e. g. GSI, RBF), residuals were tested for normality and homogeneity of variance, and transformed if necessary. GSI annual cycles (period 1973-1978 plus 2002-2015 for sardine and 2004-2015 for anchovy) were used to generate GSI anomalies calculated as the difference between the observed GSI of each fish for a given month, and the mean GSI of that month over the entire dataset.
PURPOSE: Whether neutropenia has an impact on the mortality of critically ill cancer patients remains controversial, yet it is widely used as an admission criterion and prognostic factor. METHODS: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Studies on adult cancer patients and intensive care units were searched on PubMed and Cochrane databases (2005-2015). Summary estimates of mortality risk differences were calculated using the random-effects model. RESULTS: Among the 1,528 citations identified, 38 studies reporting on 6,054 patients (2,097 neutropenic patients) were included. Median mortality across the studies was 54% [45-64], with unadjusted mortality in neutropenic and nonneutropenic critically ill patients of 60% [53-74] and 47% [41-68], respectively. Overall, neutropenia was associated with a 10% increased mortality risk (6%-14%; I² = 50%).
Search strategy and eligibility assessment First, public-domain databases PubMed and the Cochrane databases were searched using exploded medical subject and the appropriate corresponding keywords: "NEOPLASM" or "MALIGNANCY" or "CANCER" AND "INTENSIVE CARE UNIT" or "ICU". The research was restricted to articles in English and studies involving humans and published from May 2005 to May 2015. Abstracts were carefully checked, and studies focusing on children or patients aged lower than 18 years, case reports, and studies failing to focus on critically ill patients were excluded. All remaining references were then downloaded for consolidation, elimination of duplicates, and further analysis. Four authors (MB, SP, DM, and MD) independently evaluated the eligibility of all studies identified in the initial research.