dataesr/scientific-paragraphs-categorization huggingface dataset:
The lattice data is parametrized by the z-expansion  [36]  for each form factor f (q 2 ) = 1 1 -q 2 (m f pole ) 2 a f 0 + a f 1 z f (q 2 ) +. , z f (q 2 ) = t f + -q 2 -t f + -t 0 t f + -q 2 -+ t f + -t 0 (11) where  [13]. We do not pretend to make a fit on the two ratios  (8, 9)  with their errors. We just take the z-expansion central values at face value, to see if for the two ratios we find reasonable consistent values for the IW function slope ρ 2 Λ , using both expansions up to O(z) and up to O(z 2 ). For the IW function we adopt the "dipole" parametrization  (3) , that satisfies the rigurous results that constrain the successive zero recoil derivatives of the baryon IW function  [32, 33]. t 0 = (m Λ b -m Λc ) 2 , m f pole and t f + are given in Table VII, a f 0 , a f 1 up to O(z) in Table VIII, and a f 0 , a f 1 , a f 2 up to O(z 2 ) in Table X of To perform the fits we select a number of points of the z-expansions for the lattice values for these ratios, up to first order and up to second order in z, and we use the Mathematica package FindFit.
The normalized theoretical rate compared to LHCb data Among the observables, only the shape of the LHCb data on the differential rate is known, but not the absolute magnitude  [21]. We compare the LHCb rate normalized to one with the predictions of our model. of A(w) at large w. Finally, the parameters (3) describe the data rather well, although not as well as the naive choice of Fig. 8. Figure  9 : Normalized rate dΓ dq 2 /Γ compared to the LHCb data for the three sets of parameters (  1 ), (  2 ) and (3), respectively lower, middle and upper curves at w = 1 (or q 2 = 0). The main conclusion of this discussion is that the LHCb normalized rate agrees within errors with the fit to the lattice data of form factors performed in Section 2, that are summarized in formulas (75,76,78).
The adopted dipolar fit for the IW function satisfies a number of theorems that the different derivatives of the IW function must satisfy. To test the different models, we have analysed the lattice data on the form factors, and we have shown that the slope of the IW function is of the order ρ 2 Λ 2. On the other hand, we have demonstrated that the slope of the subleading form factor A (1) can be determined independently of ρ 2 Λ. We have found a number of difficulties of standard QCD-inspired Hamiltonian approaches, both in the three quark Qqq model and also in quark pointlike-diquark models. We have thoroughly discussed these problems. In view of these difficulties, we have adopted a preliminary quark pointlike-diquark model that allows a qualitative description of the spectrum, and of the IW slope ρ 2 We have seen that some observables, the forward-backward asymmetries and the longitudinal lepton polarization, present a zero at some characteristic value of q 2 for the τ case.
It requires two passes over the data but its implementation does not require the inverse block cipher. • Saturnin-Short is an authenticated cipher intended for messages with a length strictly smaller than 128 bits which uses only one call to Saturnin to provide confidentiality and integrity. • Saturnin-Hash is a 256-bit hash function. In this document, we specify this suite of algorithms and argue about their security in both the classical and the post-quantum setting.
These implementations are provided in the submission package. Figure  17  lists the obtained code sizes and throughput. The saturnin_portable. c implementation is written in portable C code; for the test, it was compiled for the M4 with GCC 7. 3. 0 with optimization flags "-O2". The saturnin_m4. s is written in assembly and is meant for the M4. The saturnin_m3. s is almost identical to the M4 implementation, except that it uses only opcodes available on the M3; in practice, this means that it replaces the M4 "DSP" opcodes pkhbt and pkhtb with sequences of opcodes that are compatible with the M3, leading to a slightly enlarged and slower code. Speed was measured on an ARM Cortex-M4F code (Nordic nRF52832 microcontroller) with an accuracy of about 1%. According to their respective documentations, the M3 and M4 cores are supposed to offer identical instruction timing characteristics 4  ; therefore, measures on the M4 are theoretically representative of M3 performance as well.
The path B considers a part of the cipher shifted of one super-round with respect to path A. Though we have not managed yet, regarding the key schedule relations, this second path might be more promising to increase the number of attacked super-rounds by 0. 5 or 1. Demirci-Selçuk Meet-in-the-Middle Attack. The DS-MITM attack  [DS08, DFJ13]  yields the best reduced-round single-key recoveries on AES to date. There exists a variant for each key length of AES. Indeed, the attack works by guessing parts of the internal state; hence the ratio between the state size and the key size is important, and also, the key-schedule relations in AES depend on the key size. In our case, the key size is equal to the block size, so Saturnin is more analogous to AES-128 than the others. The best DS-MITM attack on AES-128 reaches 7 rounds, runs in data 2 105 , time 2 105 and memory 2 81.
On the contrary, the quantum security margin of Saturnin, the highest number of rounds attacked with a procedure faster than Grover, would likely be similar to that of AES-128. Indeed, we do not know of any better quantum attack than an adaptation of the Square for 6-round AES (its time, data and memory complexity being roughly the square of the original ones, given in Table  3  of  [BNPS19] ). The quantum security margin seems therefore bigger, with 6 reached super-rounds versus 7. 5 classically. We also remark that computing input-output pairs with target differences is the bottleneck of classical impossible differential and DS-MITM attacks against AES-128. This operation seems to enjoy less than a quadratic quantum speedup, as this requires finding partial collisions  [BHT98, Amb07] , and in some cases, it may require high amounts of quantum memory.
Subsequent increasing mesh coarsening was considered, until the significant change in the results occurred, or the limit of n þ ¼ 200 was violated. The retained value of the cell height n w ¼ 0:0125H was judged as a satisfying compromise among requirements, being the changes of the main aerodynamic metrics in the range from 2% to 5%. For the sake of conciseness, the grid sensitivity study is not detailed herein, this not being the main topic of the study. The automatic mesh generation within the optimization procedure is carried out by a script controlling blockMesh utility within OpenFoamc ⃝. To simplify mesh generation and to assure high mesh quality, barrier is modeled as a plate with nil thickness. In the face of changes of the barrier geometry, constant density of the cells closely upwind and downwind the barrier, and a maximum cell aspect ratio at the inlet and outlet equal to 100 are enforced.
Acknowledgments The study has been developed in the framework of the MSCA- ITN-2016-EID research project  Sand Mitigation around Railway Tracks  (SMaRT, www. smart-eid. eu). The  SMaRT  project has received funding from the  European Union   Horizon 2020 research and innovation program  under grant agreement No  721798. The authors wish to thank the other researchers of the  SMaRT consortium  for the helpful discussions about the topics of the paper. In particular the authors warmly thank  L. Preziosi  and  D. Fransos , co-inventor of the S4S barrier, for the helpful discussions about the topics of the paper. Computational resources were provided by  Optiflow Company  and by  HPC@POLITO , a project of  Academic Computing  within the Department of Control and Computer Engineering at the  Politecnico di Torino  (http://www.
In the other countries, hospital controls with a diagnosis other than cancer, infectious diseases, and immunodeficiency were recruited. Overall, the data base included 2362 cases and 2465 controls who participated in the study. We excluded 14 cases as the diagnosis was not confirmed, and three controls because of missing work history. We also reclassified one case as a control, and excluded another case because of missing data on core variables, which resulted in 2346 cases and 2463 controls. Local Ethics Committees approved the study protocol in all the participating centers. Informed consent was obtained from each participant. Overall, the participation rate was 88% in cases, 81% in hospital controls and 52% in population controls. Trained interviewers conducted in-person interviews with cases and controls, using the same standardized questionnaire translated to the local language.
Occupational exposure assessment Industrial hygienists in each participating center coded the work histories of study subjects using the 5-digit 1968 International Labour Organization Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO68)  [24] , and the 4-digit codes of the 1996 European Statistical Classification of Economic Activities, revision 1 (NACE96)  [25]. To assess occupational exposure to ionizing radiation, distinguishing between external and internal radiation, we developed a job-exposure matrix (JEM) based upon the list of ISCO68 and NACE96 codes. Exposure was classified according to the following exposure indicators: -Dose of exposure to external and internal ionizing radiation by job was abstracted from published reports and surveillance data (see supplementary list of references), and unpublished data bases of monitoring data.
Oil Red O staining Intracellular lipids were stained by Oil Red O (Sigma-Aldrich). Cells and PCLS were washed with phosphate buffered saline (PBS) and fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde in PBS for 10 min. Fixed cells were incubated with Oil Red O solution for 30 min at room temperature, then with 4′,6-diamidino-2phenylindole (DAPI, Life Technologies) and washed with PBS. For PHHs, the fluorescence images were viewed using the Olympus IX83 microscope, acquired with CellSens V1. 6 and analyzed using Fiji software. The area occupied by lipid droplets in the image is displayed by Fiji software as surface area in µm 2 , and was normalized to cell number by semi-automated counting of DAPI. For PCLS, videos images were acquired using a Leica SP2 confocal laser scanning microscope and the 3D image analysis was performed with Bitplane scientific software.
Consistent with previous studies of hantavirus ultrastructure and Gc oligomerization  [16, 44] , breakpoints presenting monomeric Gc exist in the (GnGc)4 lattices  [11, 16]. Following the validation that PUUV VLP accurately resembles the native virion, we applied an identical cryo-ET approach to VLPs treated with Fab 4G2. The data were split in two sets: (i) spikes that were part of a lattice, and (ii) spikes in regions of incomplete lattice. The former yielded a reconstruction similar to the VLP sample prepared without the Fab (Fig We also note that PUUV GcGc4G2 fits well within the cryo-ET reconstruction of the spike (Fig.
Cells at a concentration of 30,000/well were added to the virus-antibody mixture, and RFP quantified 72 h following infection (Envision plate reader, Perkin Elmer). Dose-response curves were fitted using nonlinear regression (GraphPad Prism) to determine 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50). In order to produce PUUV Gc, a HEK293T cell line stably expressing the protein was generated. PUUV Gc residues 659-1105 (GenBank accession no. CAB43026. 1), modified to contain a 3C protease cleavable SUMO tag and hexahistidine tag at the N-terminus and a 1D4 tag in the C-terminus  [57] , were cloned into the pURD vector  [58]. The stable cell line was generated following the method published by Seiradake et al  [59] ; in short, HEK293T cells were transfected with the pURD vector containing the Gc insert, along with an integrase expression vector (pgk-φC31/pCB92)  [60] , followed by consecutive rounds of cultivation under puromycin selection.
Structure refinement was performed by iterative refinement using REFMAC  [66]  and Phenix  [64]. Coot  [67]  was used for manual rebuilding and MolProbity  [68]  was used to validate the model. Molecular graphics images were generated using PyMOL (The PyMOL Molecular Graphics System, Version 1. 7. 0. 3, Schrödinger, LLC) and UCSF Chimera  [69]. Preparation of PUUV virus-like particles. PUUV VLPs were produced by transient expression of the complete PUUV M-segment (GenBank CCH22848. 1) cloned into the pHLsec vector  [55]  in HEK293T cells. Six five-layer 875-cm² flasks (Falcon) were used to produce 750 mL of VLP-containing media that was clarified at 3000g for 20 min to remove cell debris and filtered through a 0. 45-μm filter. The virus containing medium was concentrated down to approximately 30 mL using a pump-powered filter (100-kDa cut-off; Vivaflow, Sartorius) and then dialysed into an excess of buffer (10 mM Tris pH 8.
Cryo-EM grid preparation, data acquisition and data processing. A 3-μl aliquot of VLP sample supplemented with 3 μl of 6-nm gold fiducial markers (Aurion) was applied on a holey carbon grid (2-μm hole diameter, C-flat, Protochips) that had been glow discharged in a plasma cleaner (Harrick) for 15 s. The grids were blotted for 3-4 s and plunged into an ethane/propane mixture using a vitrification apparatus (Vitrobot, Thermo Fisher Scientific). For Fab 4G2treated VLP EM sample preparation, a suspension of purified VLPs was incubated with 2. 71 μM Fab 4G2 for 1 h at room temperature prior to grid preparation. Data were collected using a Titan Krios transmission electron microscope (Thermo Fisher Scientific) operated at 300 kV and at liquid nitrogen temperature. Tomo4 software was used to acquire tomographic tilt data on a direct electron detector (K2 Summit; Gatan) mounted behind an energy filter (0-20 eV; QIF Quantum LS, Gatan).
Tilt series were collected from -30 to 60 degrees in 3-degree increments with a dose of 4. 5 e⁻ /Å² per tilt and six frames in each movie (Supporting information, Table  S2 ). Movie frames were aligned and averaged using Motioncor2 to correct for beam induced motion  [70]. Contrast transfer function (CTF) parameters were estimated using CTFFIND4 [71] and a dose-weighting filter was applied to the images according to their accumulated electron dose as described previously  [72]. These pre-processing steps were carried out using a custom script named tomo_preprocess (available upon request). Tilt images were then aligned using the fiducial markers, corrected for the effects of CTF by phase flipping and used to reconstruct 3D tomograms in IMOD  [73]. The amplitudes of the subvolumes cropped from the tomograms were weighted to correct for the low-pass filtering function resulting from doseweighting of the original images using a custom script (available on request).
Subvolume averaging was performed in Dynamo  [74]  following previously established procedures  [16, 75]. Briefly, initial particle locations ('seeds') were created by modelling the VLP membrane surface using the Dynamo's tomoview program. Subvolumes extracted from these locations were iteratively refined against their rotational average, calculated around the membrane model surface normal at each position, to accurately align their locations onto the membrane. Subsequent refinements were carried out using a map of the TULV GP spike (EMDB-4867) as an initial template. The template was low-pass filtered to 50 Å frequency to avoid model bias. Overlapping particles were removed based on a distance filter (106 Å) and cross-correlation threshold after each iteration. A custom script (PatchFinder; available upon request) was used to divide the spikes to those that were part of a lattice and to those that were not.
The script locates the eight closest spikes for each particle, and these are classified as interacting neighbors only if their lattice constraints are within set tolerances (maximum 49-Å and 25-degree deviation from ideal values). Spikes were defined as being part of a lattice if they had at least three interacting neighbors. This classification approach allowed reconstructing the structure of the latticebound spike for both VLP datasets (with and without Fab 4G2) in addition to a lattice-free, 4G2-bound spike in the case of the Fab 4G2 sample (Supporting information, Table  S3 ). In the latter case, the refinement was repeated using 4G2-bound spike as a starting model and by excluding weakly correlating particles (below 0. 15). This led to a reconstruction with a latticefree spike fully decorated with Fab 4G2 around its perimeter (Supporting information, Table  S3 ).
143 threshold) and rendered as isosurfaces. The surface threshold value was determined according to the molecular weight of the viral ectodomain proteins (and additional Fab) assuming an average protein density of 0. 81 Da/Å³. Quantification of the frequency of lattice formation on VLP surface in the presence andabsence of Fab 4G2. The positions of each spike and the number of interacting neighbors were analyzed in PUUV VLPs in the presence and absence of Fab 4G2 from eight VLPs from each cryo-ET dataset. To facilitate the analysis, only VLPs displaying good glycoprotein coverage and roughly spherical morphology were included. Both datasets were processed using the workflow described above, and the PatchFinder script was applied to locate those spikes that were part of a lattice. The particles on the top and bottom of the virus were then removed from (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder.
Acknowledgements We thank  Diamond Light Source  for beamtime (proposal MX19946) and the staff of beamline I24 at  Diamond Light Source  for assistance with data collection. We thank the  MRC  ( MR/L009528/1  and  MR/S007555/1  to T. A. B. ;  MR/N002091/1  to K. J. D. and T. A. B. ;  MR/K024426/1  to K. J. D. ),  Academy of Finland  ( 309605  to I. R. ) and  European Research Council  under the European Union's  Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme  ( 649053  to J. T. H. ). The  Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics  is supported by  Wellcome Centre  grant  203141/Z/16Z. We thank  Dimple Karia ,  Bilal Qureshi , and  Adam Costin  for electron microscopy support. The Oxford Particle Imaging Centre was founded by a  Wellcome Trust   JIF award  ( 060208/Z/00/Z ) and is supported by equipment grants from  WT  ( 093305/Z/10/Z ) and  MRC.
Despite this strategy offering an interesting framework for understanding FE from a metabolic perspective, it overlooks social interactions between cage mates, which are crucial when animals are raised in groups and especially under restricted feeding  (Piles et al. 2017). This is a common practice in commercial rabbit farms to control digestive disorders during fattening  (Gidenne et al. 2012). Therefore, it could certainly be argued that studies with individually housed rabbits do not reflect the reality of commercial farms where animals are reared in groups. However, this experiment provides compelling evidence of favorable genetic responses even when evaluated on animals raised in collective cages  (Garreau et al. 2019). The present study uses data collected from an experiment designed to estimate genetic parameters of FE in animals raised in groups.
Therefore, the available information consists of weekly group records of FI and individual records of body weight (BW). Piles & Sánchez (2019)  studied the data collected in this experiment from a quantitative genetic perspective, estimating heritabilities and genetic correlations of growth and FI on animals raised in groups and under either full or restricted feeding. They also proposed breeding value predictions for FE measures derived from cage-recorded FI and individual growth and metabolic weight. After the initial rabbit genome assembly (Lindblad-toh et al. 2011),  Carneiro et al. (2014)  released an improved version with the aim of identifying domestication sweeps in rabbits. From the SNPs detected in this study, 200 000 SNPs were included in one array commercialized by Affymetrix, opening up possibilities to conduct genomic studies based on dense panels in this species.
Animals The animals used in this study belonged to the Caldes line  (Gómez et al. , 2002) , and the experiment was conducted at the rabbit farm of the Institute of Agriculture and Food Research and Technology. They were randomly sampled from four batches during the first semester of 2014 and from an additional batch in spring 2016. The animals from 2014 were raised in a semi-open-air facility and the fattening period was from 30 to 66 days of age. Eight animals were kept in each cage. The batch in 2016 was produced on a different farm under controlled environmental conditions, which produced a better growth rate and a shorter fattening period (30-60 days of age); on this other farm six animals were kept in each cage. Beyond the farms' environmental differences and the number of animals per cage, the recorded data and management protocols were the same in both facilities.
This amount of feed was multiplied by the number of animals present in the cage to determine group feed requirements. The amount of feed for week 1 was computed from data that were recorded in previous experiments on the same production line with animals raised in the same season. The actual amounts of feed provided to the restricted animals were, on average, 75 and 74% the ad libitum intake in LS and SS kits respectively. A maximum of two kits per litter were allocated to the same cage in order to minimize collinearity between maternal and pre-weaning environmental effects and cage effects. In both experimental groups (F and R), the recorded raw data consisted of weekly individual BW, and for the case of the F weekly cage, FI. In both groups, kits were fed the same standard pellet diet, supplied once per day in a feeder with three places, and containing prescribed antibiotics to control gut disorders.
Also, individual average daily feed conversion ratio ( ADFCR F ) and individual average daily residual feed intake ( ADRFI F ) were computed. The first was the ratio between ADFI F and ADG F cage average, and the second was the residual of a batch-nested multiple regression of ADFI F on the ADG F cage average and the cage average of the mid fattening period day metabolic weight. Two datasets were employed in the analyses, one containing individual growth (ADG F and ADG R ) of genotyped animals (438) and another including growth from genotyped animals as well as from all their non-genotyped cage mates (438 + 1032). This second dataset also included cage average traits ( ADFI F , ADFCR F and ADRFI F ). Table  1  shows the number of animals per feeding regime in cages containing genotyped animals from the five batches.
DNA extraction and SNP genotyping The DNA extraction was carried out using the NucleoSpin Tissue (250prep; Macherey-Nagel) commercial kit from liver samples of 438 rabbits collected immediately after slaughter (66 days of age). DNA extracts were sent to an Affymetrix platform to conduct genotyping using the Axiom Rabbit Genotyping Array 'Axiom_OrCunSNP' (Thermo Fisher Scientific), which includes 199 692 variants. Only 161 830 were segregating in our population and, after retaining the SNPs mapped in autosomes in the OryCun2. 0 assembly and applying standard quality control criteria, 114 604 SNPs were kept for further analysis. The applied quality control criteria comprised retaining animals having at least 90% of SNPs correctly genotyped, SNPs with less than 5% missing genotype data and SNPs with a MAF higher than 5%.