dataesr/scientific-paragraphs-categorization huggingface dataset:
Reference implementation The open-source reference implementation described in this article has been wholly rewritten independently from the original (3) but remains backwards compatible with the previous versions of all the protocols. This new PSICQUIC service is based on Apache Solr indexing software (http://lucene. apache. org/solr/), which is a web application built on top of Apache Lucene technology. From the data provider perspective, the new opensource reference of PSICQUIC allows a local PSICQUIC server to be easily set up and loaded with data provided as a valid PSI-MITAB file. It supports the original 15-column PSI-MITAB 2. 5 as well as newer, PSI-MITAB 2. 6 and PSI-MITAB 2. 7 formats, with 36 and 42 columns respectively (see Table  3 ). In addition to introducing support for the new PSI-MITAB versions and the MIQL extension, extensive restructuring of the code resulted in improved response time of the server.
Server deployment The reference implementation source code can be downloaded from the PSICQUIC Google project repository (svn co http://psicquic. google code. com/svn/tags/psicquic-solr-ws-1. 3. 8). It includes a JAVA class to create the index from the PSI-MITAB file and a script that can be used to easily start the indexing process (bash indexMitab. sh /path/to/ mitab-file solr-index-directory). The solrindex directory will contain the index, solr configuration files, solr schema and the solr. war file mandatory to run the solr application. More detailed information and other options to deploy a PSICQUIC server is available on the PSICQUIC website (https:// code. google. com/p/psicquic/wiki/HowToInstallPsicquic Solr). In  PSICQUIC service from an interaction database are shown for clarification of this process.
PSICQUIC clients In addition to using the services directly from the browser (in the case of REST) or, alternatively, create a custom client, there are several applications at users' disposal for querying the web services programmatically. The PSICQUIC project site (http://psicquic. googlecode. com) offers open-source libraries for working with the different standards, JAVA clients to access the web services (http:// code. google. com/p/psicquic/wiki/JavaClient), code examples for accessing from Perl (http://code. google. com/p/psicquic/ wiki/PerlCodeSamples) and other scripts in Python (http:// code. google. com/p/psicquic/wiki/PythonCodeSamples) and help for broad use cases. Important clients include the molecular interactions cluster (http://code. google. com/ p/micluster), the PSICQUIC Client Plugin for Cytoscape (http://apps.
PSICQUIC registry Users are expected to obtain the PSICQUIC web service SOAP or REST URLs by means of querying the PSICQUIC Registry. In addition to providing the necessary URLs, the registry is itself a REST web service, offering data on the number of interactions per service, the status of each service, a statement as to whether the data are restricted or not, the version of the software used and a small description of the type of service given by means of tags. The PSICQUIC registry is currently hosted at the European Bioinformatics Institute (http://www. ebi. ac. uk/Tools/webservices/psicq uic/registry/registry?action=STATUS). Figure  4  explains how to retrieve the information from the registry through HTTP. More information about the PSICQUIC registry is available at the PSICUIC project site (http://code.
DISCUSSION In <5 years since its original implementation, PSICQUIC has grown from 4 to 28 providers supplying >150 million interactions, with additional services preparing to join. With the new reference implementation, we open the door to the additional new features such as sorting by different criteria (for example, the confidence score of the interactions) or faceting to retrieve statistics. Longerterm plans include direct indexing of the PSI-XML data to allow processing of the molecular-interaction data described in the original PSI-XML files, thus avoiding the currently necessary, lossy conversions between PSI-XML and PSI-MITAB formats. This, in turn, will enable the querying and retrieval of n-ary interactions rather than only binary pairs.
Experiments We assessed our proposed calibration method with a MARLIN F080C camera, which uses the IEEE 1394 protocol (FireWire protocol). Its maximum resolution is 1, 024 × 768 pixels. The camera is mounted on a metrology positioning system that allows it to be translated with micrometer accuracy. It consists of a linear and rotating stage from Newport c , controlled by a universal motion driver (Figure  8 ). The projector is an Optoma VPL-CX75. Its maximum resolution is 1, 600 × 1, 200 pixels. All software is written in C++ and developed with OpenCV, which provides dedicated tools. The visual servoing task and the creation of the projected pattern are developed in C++ with the OpenGL library (Figure  9 ). The camera image acquisition is also coded in C++, and the whole system is run on Linux Kubuntu c.
In some high load environments, e. g. database replication for e-commerce, throughput is often more important than latency. Indeed, under high load, the time spent by a message in a queue before being actually disseminated can grow indefinitely. A high throughput broadcast protocol reduces this waiting time. The authors of  [5]  prove that in a system comprising N nodes interconnected by a fully-switched network where each link has a bandwidth of B, the optimal throughput that can be achieved by a total order broadcast protocol is equal to B * N/(N -1). For instance, in a system with 4 nodes interconnected by a gigabit ethernet switch (B=1Gb/s), each node can deliver messages at a throughput of 1,33Gb/s. The only protocol currently able to sustain that throughput is the LCR protocol  [5]. In other protocols, the maximum throughput at which a node can deliver messages is B (1Gb/s in the example taken before).
Experimental Setup The experiments were run on a cluster comprising eight 8-core machines interconnected by a gigabit ethernet switch. Each core runs at 2. 5GHz and is equipped with 16GB of RAM. Moreover, each machine runs a Linux 2. 6. 32 kernel. The raw bandwidth over IP between two machines (measured with Netperf  [38] ) is equal to 942Mb/s. In order to ensure that the evaluation is fair, we have implemented the FastCast and LCR protocols in C++, using the same code base as the RingPaxos protocol. Finally, all the presented experiments start with a warm-up phase, followed by a phase during which performance are measured. The measurement phase lasts 5 minutes.
A new and comprehensive model, combining multiphase flow modeling, both dispersed flow as well as free surface flow, is therefore needed to understand and characterize the generation of micrometric droplets through pressurized air, shearing and impingement forces. Multiphase flow modeling and particle tracking are available in commercial CFD software like ANSYS Fluent  [8]. In the case of nebulizers, large discrepancies of the air velocity are met, from laminar to supersonic flow, with high fluctuations at the nozzle outlet when both phases interact with each other. Besides, due to the transient behavior of this process as well as the small cell size needed to resolve the turbulent scales and to follow the generation of micrometric droplets, high computation power is mandatory. After being set-up, the model had to be validated with experimental data.
This way, for low Re, the turbulent dissipation is not over-estimated as it would be with RANS models. The Pope criterion  [12]  is traditionally used to assess the relevance of a mesh for LES. It says that the LES is valid if the resolved energy represents at least 80% of total energy in the whole domain. A macro in C language, also called User Defined Function (UDF) was written and run in Fluent to compute the resolved turbulent kinetic energy and the simulated energy on the sub-grid scale. The minimal solved energy ratio, computed inside each cell, was 81% at 2 L/min and 90% at 8 L/min, proving the relevance of the use of LES here. After setting all relevant parameters, the 3D calculations were run in parallel on supercomputers from the Nuclear Energy Commission (CEA). Fluent was parallelized on 128 cores.
Experimental Methods Various experimental methods were used to get accurate qualitative and quantitative data to be compared with numerical results. In order to characterize the droplets ejected from the hemispherical baffle of the Updraft, its plastic cover was cut so that laser beams (PDA & Laser diffractometer) and CCD camera could reach the area. The measurements were made as close as possible to the baffle in order to be compared to numerical data. CCD camera. A Fastcam SA1 (Photron) CCD camera was used to acquire high frequency images of liquid fragmentation (films and droplets) into the nebulizer through shadowgraphy. The setup is described in figure  3. All devices are aligned along a graduated axis. A Nikkor 200 mm macro objective was set at 1 m fromthe camera and a 2x zoom was added at the camera output, providing a magnification of 13.
Later on, Gagnard et al. [11]  in collaboration with the worldwide company Arkema developed an automated permeameter combining a semi-closed permeation cell, a desorption trap and on-line GC-analysis and reported permeability data for several barrier materials used in fuel tank applications. For the first time for an EVOH film, the fluxes of each permeating species (partial fluxes) were determined for methanol/toluene mixtures over the whole composition range. For all the methanol/toluene mixtures, the methanol flux was much higher than the toluene flux. The data also revealed the strong enhancement of the toluene flux over a wide range of compositions in presence of methanol at 60°C. The maximum toluene flux was obtained for 70% of methanol and was 2 500 times higher than that of pure toluene in the same conditions.
Physical Characterization of EVOH Material Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) experiments were carried out with a DSC 2920 TA Instruments with liquid nitrogen cooling. Sample weights were ca. 10 mg. EVOH films of 10 lm were first heated from À20°C to 250°C at a heating rate of 20°C/min then cooled down from 250°C to À20°C at the same rate. A second heating was then performed in the same conditions. The data were recorded over the whole cycle with EVOH films before and after preconditioning. During preconditioning for DSC analysis, the EVOH films were immersed in a model fuel mixture ethanol/i-octane/ toluene (85/7. 5/7. 5 -Fuel CE85) at 40°C until saturation was reached and then dried at ambient temperature in air. Wide Angle X-ray Scattering (WAXS) experiments completed the DSC analysis for assessing the influence of EVOH conditioning on copolymer crystallinity.
In these conditions, the boundary conditions for mass transfer across the EVOH film were well defined and easily reproducible. The permeate was collected in a sampling loop cooled by a liquid nitrogen trap, which was mounted on a pneumatic jack for automation (Fig. 2 ). The sampling loop was equipped with on-line gas chromatography (Shimadzu GC 8A/ PDMS SE30 column). The automation of the whole system was performed via solenoid valves (Bacosol inox-teflon valves) which were controlled by a personal computer through an appropriate electronic high sensitivity interface (Keithley KPCI 3107 Data Acquisition Board). The same controller was also used to drive the automated pneumatic jack necessary for the cooling of the measurement loop by liquid nitrogen. In a typical permeation experiment, the permeate was collected over a limited period of time which depended on the total permeation rate.
WAXS experiments were carried out in transmission mode to complement the latter DSC analysis. EVOH films of 10 lm were analyzed before and after conditioning in the same model mixture Fuel CE85. For the WAXS analysis, eight EVOH films had to be stacked together to obtain a sufficient signal. Figure  9  shows representative meridional and equatorial WAXS patterns before and after conditioning. The strong differences for the meridional and equatorial patterns obtainedproved the strong anisotropy of the EVOH films. The crystallinity degree cannot be calculated from WAXS data when samples are oriented. Nevertheless, deconvolution of the WAXS patterns was performed to assess the ratio of the crystalline peaks area to the total area (Tab. 3). Even if the limits of the deconvolution method can be debated, deconvolution enabled to compare the results obtained in the same deconvolution conditions and to show that conditioning in Fuel CE85 had only a small influence on EVOH morphology.
CONCLUSION A new automated permeameter was developed for measuring minute quantities as low as 1 mg/(m 2. day) for partial fluxes with model fuel mixtures containing ethanol, i-octane and toluene at 50°C. With this experimental set-up, it was possible to access to new permeability data and, in some cases, to i-octane partial fluxes which have never been reported for EVOH copolymers so far. However, the obtaining of accurate data necessitated an EVOH preconditioning in the model fuel mixtures to avoid the long drifts in the permeability data over time, which were initially obtained for virgin EVOH samples. Permeability data were obtained for two important tie lines (i. e. ethanol and toluene tie lines) in the ternary diagram ethanol/i-octane/toluene. The partial flux of ethanol was systematically ca.
Section 4 focuses on the utility of our proof as a direct evaluation method of these integrals. We first summarize the steps of the algorithm, and then apply it in order to obtain new predictions for the remainder and ratio functions at high loop order. We conclude with an extensive discussion on the implications of our work, and possible directions of further inquiry. The appendix contains additional information on several functions which were important in our treatment, and most notably harmonic polylogarithms. The results from all our highloop calculations, as well as the Mathematica code used to generate them, are included in seven ancillary files accompanying the version of this paper on the arXiv. 2 In particular, it was shown in  [39]  that the dimensional regularization of the initial super-Wilson loop proposal  [29, 30]  breaks superconformal symmetry, and hence cannot be in correspondence with scattering superamplitudes.
New predictions: MHV hexagon With the steps of the algorithm set in place, we can now proceed with its implementation, in order to determine the leading OPE contribution of the hexagon remainder function to high loop order. We remind the reader that this contribution will be given in terms of the h (l) n (σ) functions as R = 2 cos φ e -τ ∞ l=1 g 2l l-1 n=0 τ n h (l) n (σ) + Γ l cusp 4 e -σ log(1 + e 2σ ) + e σ log(1 + e -2σ ) +O(e -2τ ) , (61) by virtue of equations (  16 ),(  20 ),(  22 ),(  23 ) and  (36). We have included the results, together with a Mathematica code that generates them, in ancillary text files accompanying the version of this paper on the arXiv. The code is fully general, and can be used in principle for any given value of l. In particular, we have used it to obtain h (l) n (σ) for all allowed values of l -1 ≥ n ≥ 0, up to l = 6, thereby providing information about the 5-and 6-loop hexagon for the first time.
Acknowledgments We'd like to thank  Marcus Spradlin ,  Christian Vergu  and  Anastasia Volovich  for collaboration at the early stages of this project. We are also grateful to  Benjamin Basso ,  James Drummond  and  Emery Sokatchev  for enlightening discussions and comments on the manuscript. This work was supported in part by the  US Department of Energy  under Grant No. DE-FG02-97ER-41029  at the  University of Florida , and the  French National Agency for Research (ANR)  under contract StrongInt ( BLANC-SIMI-4-2011 ) at LAPTh.
The Experiments Setup To evaluate the effectiveness of our approach, we collected the proxy logs of the enterprise network consisting of several thousands of computers for two weeks, from October 11 to October 24, 2011, as the experimental data. The attributes of the experimental data are shown in Table  5. The experimental data consists of three C&C servers and the HTTP requests of five malware-infected computers which were found in December 14, 2011. Two reasons make us believe this is an APT attack: 1)the computer is a stepping stone and the footprints can be traced back to 8 months ago and 2)the malware has the similar abilities, such as remote access, key logger, packet forward, DLL injection and so on, as described in  [1, 6, 8, 29]. Meanwhile, as we don't know how many computers were infected actually in the data, in our best effort, we investigate all potential victims detected by our approach manually.
Kadviser Kadviser is a Knowledge Based Engineering (KBE) software [PETIT]  [3]. A KBE application aims to help mechanical designers by providing them a set of functionalities necessary to use and update the know-how of a company. This software provides a connection with PLM systems (Product Lifecycle Management), CAD software (CATIA, Nx6, etc. ) and Microsoft Office tools (Excel, Word, etc. ). Kadviser is also known for its constraints propagation inference engine. In fact, it does ignore the writing direction of rules. The order has no influence on reasoning. The inference engine applies the principle of reversibility, which means : For the expression "a"+"b"="c", where values "a" and "b" are known, the inference engine may determine the value of "c". If values "a" and "c" are known, it will find "b".
ORASSE Knowledge In the product design domain, it exists the FARD (Functional And Robust Design) methodology [ROBERT]  [4]. Its aim is to design and generate quickly the entire product variety of a sale modular family without forgetting to respect the customer requirements (functional design) and the assembly constraints by helping in the choice of the assembly sequence. A new software has been developed by A. Robert named ORASSE, which applies this methodology. In the ORASSE Knowledge version, the user will be guided, step by step, to obtain an optimized design sequence. Its most convenient aspect is the time spared (almost 60%) in the product structure. These methods optimize each product of a family but not the family as a whole. To solve this problem, the family can be reduced to a generic product that is used in order to create product variants in a same family thanks to a set of geometric parameters.
Background: The information in large collections of phylogenetic trees is useful for many comparative genomic studies. Therefore, there is a need for flexible tools that allow exploration of such collections in order to retrieve relevant data as quickly as possible. Results: In this paper, we present TPMS (Tree Pattern-Matching Suite), a set of programs for handling and retrieving gene trees according to different criteria. The programs from the suite include utilities for tree collection building, specific tree-pattern search strategies and tree rooting. Use of TPMS is illustrated through three examples: systematic search for incongruencies in a large tree collection, a short study on the Coelomata/Ecdysozoa controversy and an evaluation of the level of support for a recently published Mammal phylogeny.
The second main functionality brought by TPMS is a tree-rooting tool based on the use of a gene unicity score and taxonomic criteria. Its aim is to place the root of a gene tree in order to minimize the incongruencies observed between this tree and a reference species tree. The tree pattern search algorithm used by TPMS is an improved version of the one we previously published  [1]. The main improvement is the possibility to query tree collections built by the users. Our previous version was implemented in FamFetch, a Graphical User Interface (GUI) that was only able to query a set of predefined databases installed on a centralized server  [9].
Data sets For the detection of tree incongruencies in complete genomes, we performed the search on the 128674 gene trees available from HOGENOM release 5 (http://pbil. univ-lyon1. fr/databases/hogenom/). Those trees include a total of respectively 2789275 bacterial, 138474 archaeal and 738819 eukaryotic sequences. For the Ecdysozoa/Coelomata controversy and the mammals phylogeny study, we used the 14190 gene trees available (B) (C) (A) Figure  3  Example of distance score computing for a gene tree with two different rootings. The reference species tree is shown in (A), with the names of the taxonomic groups written on the nodes (Bacteria, γ -Proteobacteria and Enterobacteria). The rooting given in (B) gives a sum of distances D (T) = 1 + 0 + 0 = 1, while the rooting given in (C) gives a sum of distances D (T) = 1 + 1 + 0 = 2.
The rooting in (C) is therefore preferred over the one in (B). from HOMOLENS release 5 (http://pbil. univ-lyon1. fr/ databases/homolens. php). For the first two studies, the reference species tree used was the one provided by NCBI (ftp://ftp. ncbi. nih. gov/pub/taxonomy/) and for the mammal phylogeny we used a slightly modified version of the tree published by Dos Reis et al. [11]. Those modifications were made to match the species tree available in HOMOLENS as three species from  [11]  were not available in this database: Pongo abelii, Vicugna pacos and Canis familiaris. They were replaced respectively by Pongo pygmaeus, Lama pacos and a clade grouping Canis lupus familiaris and Ailuropoda melanoleuca.
We performed the search into collection built with the HOMOLENS database, this with several thresholds for bootstrap values (Table  1 ). Excepted for the search performed with no minimal value for bootstrap scores, the results returned were systematically in favor of the Coelomata hypothesis. Note that this small example is only aimed at showing the possibilities provided by TPMS in terms of tree pattern search. To fully validate the result presented above it would be necessary to go back to the sequence alignments and test for the relative evolutionary rates of individual genes, this in order to avoid systematic biases leading to reconstruction artefacts such as long branch attraction. Indeed, the only nematode genome available in HOGENOM 5 is Caenorhabditis elegans, and this organism is known to have genes with high evolutionary rates, leading frequently to such kind of artefacts  [21].
Discussion and conclusion TPMS is a useful set of programs that can be used in a wide range of phylogenetic problems. It has high performance due to its implementation in a compiled language and the fact that all individual programs are multithreaded. Multithreading allows an optimal use on the multi-core architectures that are now common even for desktop computers. For instance, the two pattern searches (with no threshold for bootstrap values) performed on a collection containing 14190 trees to identify the ones supporting the Coelomata or the Ecdyzosoa hypotheses took only six seconds on an Intel Xeon 2. 67 GHz with four cores. For the tree pattern search, the most recent program available to perform this kind of task is PhyloPattern  [23]. It is implemented in Java and and its users have to write their queries as Prolog predicates, which can be very difficult for non-experts.
These documents are often produced over a long time span by various authors with different profiles and interests. It is therefore clear that authoring controls on the form and on the contents are necessary within a single document (which may be very large) and over several documents. A short extract of a requirement document is the example (5) given in section 2. In this paper, we first introduce two main approaches to writing requirements and propose a method based on the Natural Language Processing to improve requirement authoring and the overall coherence, cohesion and organization of requirement documents. We investigate the structure of requirement kernels, and then the discourse structure associated with requirement kernels. Then, we briefly introduce the TextCoop platform and the Dislog language that we use to implement discourse analysis and requirements in particular.