dataesr/scientific-paragraphs-categorization huggingface dataset:
However, no significant correlations were found between instrumental textural attributes and sensory data of stretchability and moldability determined by QDA. Taking into account that stretchability has been significantly correlated with overall liking, it seems clear that more studies have to be carried out with a higher number of highly contrasting genotypes in order to have a larger dataset to confirm the suitability of these techniques for extensional properties characterization. These studies would also contribute with further understanding of the relationship between instrumental and sensorial data.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The authors are grateful to  Faculté des Sciences Agronomiques and Université d'Abomey-Calavi  for supplying the yams and conducting sensory and consumer tests and to the grant opportunity  INV-008567  (formerly OPP1178942):  Breeding RTB Products for End User Preferences (RTBfoods) , to the  French Agricultural Research Center for International Development (CIRAD) ,  Montpellier, France , by the  Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation  (BMGF): https://rtbfoods. cirad. fr. The editorial comments by  Hernán Ceballos & Dominique Dufour  as well as the final proofreading of the manuscripts by  Clair Hershey  improved greatly the quality of this manuscript.
In this present investigation, we examine the gender difference in the perceived difficulty of food acculturation. As social connectedness is a predictor of acculturative stress level  (Yeh & Inose, 2003) , its influence in terms of information processing mechanism can help better explain the adjustment process, including the assumed gender difference. Thus, we conducted the present study using the Bayesian Mindsponge Framework (BMF) on a sample of 268 students from a Japanese international university. The campus of this university is a highly multicultural environment (see the Study Site and Participants subsection below for more details), which also helps investigate the food adjustment issues among both domestic and international students (see the Model Construction subsection below). It is important to note that the data used in this current study were collected in 2018 -before the COVID-19 pandemic -and all activities on the campus were normal.
Study Site and Participants This study employed a dataset from the survey on students' mental health and social connectedness in a multicultural university campus. The data collection was conducted in Ritsumeikan Asia Pacific University (APU), an international university in Oita Prefecture, Japan, from October to December 2018. The students were from 86 countries and regions, and faculty members were from 22 countries and regions at the time of survey collection. International students accounted for around 50. 1% of the whole university's students on campus during the survey period. There were 75% international students and 25% domestic ones in the total sample of 268 students. Percentages of female and male students were 63% and 37%, respectively. The origins of international students were diverse, ranging from East Asia, Sought East Asia to America.
Among all regions, the majority of students were from South East Asia, accounting for 45. 5% of the total international students. The complete description and validation of the dataset can be viewed in the article "A Dataset of Students' Mental Health and Help-Seeking Behaviors in a Multicultural Environment" (M. -H. Nguyen, M. -T. Ho, et al. , 2019). The dataset is openly accessible online, which helps with transparent and cost-effective scientific cross-checking or reproduction (Q. -H. Vuong, 2018). The survey procedure strictly conformed to the World Medical Association (WMA) Declaration of Helsinki and was permitted by APU & Ethical Committee Board Approval Number 2018-03. Before participants filled in the questionnaire, the survey's purpose, content, confidentiality, and the right to refuse to participate in the survey were clearly explained.
Type of student Inter_Dom Binominal Type of student: International student (Inter) or domestic one (Dom). 'International student' is coded as 1, 'Domestic student' is coded as 0. We generated an additional variable, Gender_SocialConnectedness, besides the above variables (Table  1 ) from the dataset. The variable Gender_SocialConnectedness is the interaction between two variables, Gender and SocialConnectedness, used to examine their influence on FoodProblem. The outcome variable FoodProblem was based on the answers to the question "I feel uncomfortable to adjust to new foods". Respondents choose one in five response options: "Strongly disagree", "Disagree", "Not sure", "Agree", "Strongly agree". These responses were coded as 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5, respectively. The question was based on the Acculturative Stress Scale for International Students proposed by  Sandhu and Asrabadi (1994).
Finally, since the sample size in the dataset is small, the Bayesian MCMC simulation technique also helps enhance the estimation's precision  (Uusitalo, 2007). Given these features, the Bayesian MCMC approach is highly compatible with the Mindsponge framework, and thus, the BMF was employed. The data were analyzed using R software (version 4. 0. 2) with the bayesvl package (Q. -H. Vuong, La, Nguyen, Ho, Ho, et al. , 2020; Q. -H. Vuong, La, Nguyen, Ho, Tran, et al. , 2020). The package has been employed in several psychological studies using BMF (M. -H. Nguyen et al. , 2021; Q. -H. Vuong et al. , 2021a Q. -H. Vuong et al. , , 2021b) )  due to its good visualization power and user-friendly, transparent operation. The analysis was run using 5000 iterations (2000 are warm-up iterations), four Markov chains, and four cores.
For this site, the average annual temperature is 14 • C, and its annual rainfall is 140 mm, with a specific soil density of 1. 34 g. cm 3 and pH = 7. 5. Data from the F3 lines were subjected to statistical analysis based on the studied traits, and F4 seeds from 22 families within three groups of the low, medium, and high seed yield were selected for this experiment. The factor moisture environments (control 50% and drought stress 80%) were applied based on the maximum permissible drainage rate (MAD) of soil available water (SAW)  [46]. Water stress treatment was applied from the late flowering stage until plant seed maturity (late April to the end of July). The irrigation intervals (days between two irrigations) were determined based on meteorological data and evapotranspiration records up to 60 cm deep in the soil.
Statistical Analysis First, the normality of the data was checked, and all the data were subjected to a combined analysis of variance using SAS statistical software (ver. 9. 4; SAS Institute Inc. Cary, NC, USA) according to the design of the experiment. Secondly, GraphPad Prism (ver. 9. 3. 1) software was used to compare all genotypes' mean and investigate the difference between genotypes based on seed color and moisture environment. The significant differences among the means were determined using the least significant difference (LSD) test (p < 0. 05). Principal component analysis (PCA) was performed, and biplot and heat-mapping drawings were prepared to identify the interrelationships among the genotypes and measured traits using the Stat Graphics centurion XVIII (http://www. statgraphics.
We selected articles published in English or French and retrieved a total of 2239 articles. The incidence of RA occurrence in omega-3 users and non-users was calculated by a metaanalysis of proportions which were estimated using the inverse-variance method. The Mantel-Haenszel procedure was used to determine the odds ratio (OR). The database research found seven studies to which eight references were added by reading the article references  [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] [12] [13] [14] [15] [16]. In the study of Hu et al. , two cohorts were described  [6]  from the Nurses' Health Study. We separately analyzed these two cohorts, which is why the study of Hu et al. appeared twice as "Hu 2015" and "Hu 2015 bis". Four studies were excluded because data were not usable for meta-analysis  [13, 14]  or because the studies included omega-3 non-users  [15, 16].
System boundaries The LCA system boundary is shown in Fig. 1  and includes phases of the following: seedling propagation in a greenhouse; planting, growing, harvesting and drying of the stevia leaves (field cultivation); processing of the dried leaves into a form suitable for RA60 extraction (leaf processing); and extraction and purification of the RA60 from the leaves. All upstream inputs, such as electricity, other energy inputs, and machinery and infrastructure, were included. Outputs such as by-products and wastes were also included. The assessment was conducted using SimaPro 9. 3 software and ecoinvent 3. 8 and Agri-footprint 6. 1 databases. The primary characterization method used was ReCiPe 2016 Midpoint (Hierarchist)  (Huijbregts et al. 2016). Environmental impact within all the impact categories of the ReCiPe 2016 method is reported, with focus given to global warming potential, water consumption, land use, and freshwater eutrophication due to their relevance to production of plantbased food ingredients.
004 g is used to replace 1 kg sugar. Impact data for sugar is derived from two LCA databases, ecoinvent 3. 8 (black bars), and Agri-footprint 6. 1 (grey bars) for a global market mix of 80% sugar from cane and 20% sugar from beet  (ISO 2020; OECD et al. 2021). The effect of an SE change from 200 to 300 (± 20%) for RA60 is also shown by the error bars. Supporting data are given in Supplementary Information, Table  S4. The results show that production of RA60 has the potential to be less harmful to the environment than production of sugar for all levels of assumed SE in the ecoinvent database, and for all but the human non-carcinogenic toxicity (HnCT) impact category within the Agri-footprint 6. 1 database. For example, for GWP, impact of RA60 is between 5. 7% and 10. 2% of the equivalent sweetness sugar, and for LU, it is 5.
Conclusions Estimations of pM allow us to get a first glimpse of the selectivity and stability of M-L m complexes. If they are much higher than the pM of plasma metal carriers ( pM plasma ), for the metal in question, but lower than other metals, then the complex could be formed with high selectivity and stability. If it is far below, then dissociation would occur. If they are close, more accurate calculations (i. e. overcoming the simplifications and approximations used here), together with the use of software such as HYSS,  72  give more trustworthy predictions. In general, one can also point out that for metal-ligand complexes with kinetically-labile metal ions and low denticity ligands (monoand bidentate), the partial dissociation of at least one ligand is very likely to occur, especially at typical drug concentrations, i.
Acknowledgements We would like to thank all the members of the  BCB group at the Institut de Chimie de Strasbourg  ( UMR 7177 ), in particular  Drs Vincent Lebrun ,  Angélique Sour  and  Laurent Raibaut , for fruitful discussion on the topic. Dr Nina Wezynfeld  ( Warsaw University of Technology ) is acknowledged for critical reading, suggestions, and discussions. We also acknowledge the financial support from the  French National Research Agency (ANR)  through the  17-EURE-0016  and  CHAPCOP-ANR-19-CE44-0018  programs.
All data were obtained as part of clinical management and hospital care and the informed consent was signed by each patient involved in this study at the time of enrollment. Patients were all on free diet when the determinations were obtained. They were under different anti-hypertensive treatment with one or more drugs [angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), and/or calcium channel blockers (CCBs), and/or thiazides diuretics, and/or be-ta-blockers (BBs)] from at least two months at moment of enrollment, and they did not change therapy recently. Patients that were selected were under optimal blood pressure control, both during ambulatory blood pressure monitoring and home blood pressure monitoring, to reduce the impact that lack of compliance for Htn treatment may have on the results and according to ESH guidelines  [21].
Data Form A standardized, pre-piloted schedule was used to extract relevant clinical and laboratory data for this study. The extracted information is listed as follow: age; gender; body mass index (BMI); a diagnosis of MetS [defined if patient has any three of the following: Waist circumference more than 40 inches in men and 35 inches in women; elevated triglycerides 150 milligrams per deciliter of blood (mg/dL) or greater, or current drug treatment for hypertriglyceridaemia; reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol less than 40 mg/dL in men or less than 50 mg/dL in women, or current drug treatment for dyslipidemia; elevated fasting glucose of l00 mg/dL or greater; blood pressure values of systolic 130 mmHg or higher and/or diastolic 85 mmHg or higher, or current anti-hypertensive drug treatment in a patient with a history of hypertension]; anti-hypertensive treatment; age at the time of the first NL episode; number of NL episode occurred from the first one to the time of enrollment  [24].
Statistical Analysis All statistical analyses were performed using the IBM SPSS Statistics, version 23 (International Business Machines Corporation, Inc. , Armonk, New York, United States of America). Continuous variables are reported as mean (standard deviation-SD) or median [25th-75th] if not normally distributed, were compared with the Analysis of variance (ANOVA) for normally distributed data or Mann-Whitney test if skewed. The Chi-squared test was used to evaluate differences between categorical variables. A multivariable linear regression analysis was carried out to determine the independent association between (log-transformed) urinary potassium excretion and NL status, adjusting for the main potential confounders. A p value < 0. 05 was considered statistically significant. A post-hoc evaluation detected a power of 97% (alpha error: 5%) for this study.
Results During the reported lapse of time, we collected data from 119 SF-Hs affected by NL and Htn at the Bone-Lab and data from 119 nSF-Hs affected by Htn at the Hypertension-Lab. All the patients were on free diet at the time of enrollment, under different Htn treatment and they didn't change antihypertensive treatment in the last 2 months. After the last evaluation at the Hypertensive-Lab, Htn was well controlled in all subjects and they didn't need further changing of antihypertensive treatment. Among SF-Hs, there were 56 male subjects (47. 1%), they were 49. 0 [40. 0-58. 0] years old and they had 27. 1 [24. 9-31. 2] kg/m 2 as BMI. SF-Hs reported a first episode of NL when they were 32  years old. From the time of the first episode to the last date of data collection, subjects were diagnosed with 4 [2-8] episodes of symptomatic kidney stones, all diagnosed by ultra-sound evaluation.
It is mostly absorbed by small intestines, and then it meets distribution to the cellular membranes, where it plays its role in the process of membrane re-/depolarization. The least remaining is extracellularly located and the serum concentration are determined by internal redistribution from liver and muscles, and excretion by kidney, gut and sweat. The kidney represents the major route of potassium excretion, demonstrating to be a good marker of the dietary intake of potassium from diet (www. efsa. europa. eu/ en/ efsaj ournal/ pub/ 4592). In our study, the prevalence of nSf-Hs and Sf-Hs participants with an adequate potassium intake (i. e. urinary excretion ≥ 90 mmol/day) was 6% and 18%, respectively. These data are in agreement with those of most countries worldwide, in which the potassium intake is low  [26] [27] [28] [29] [30] [31].
It should also be taken into account that recently a close attention has been focused on diet-based prevention of cardio-vascular events too  [40]. Indeed, several observational and intervention studies showed an inverse relationship between dietary potassium intake, blood pressure  [41]  and cardiovascular risk  [42] [43] [44] [45]. Recently, one research by Ma et al. demonstrated a relationship between sodium and potassium dietary excretion and cardiovascular risk in a dose-response manner  [40]. For this reason, a strong selling point of our study is that all the patients were under optimal blood pressure control, demonstrating that nor blood pressure compensation nor the treatment chosen for Htn affected the potassium urinary excretion. In conclusion, our data results proved that patients affected by Htn had a higher potassium urinary excretion in 24 h collection, compared to those affected by Htn and NL, proving it to be a protective factor against recurrent NL.
Background and aims: To investigate the incidence and the severity of COVID-19 infection in patients enrolled in the database for home parenteral nutrition (HPN) for chronic intestinal failure (CIF) of the European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism  (ESPEN). Methods: Period of observation: March 1st, 2020 March 1st, 2021. Inclusion criteria: patients included in the database since 2015 and still receiving HPN on March 1st, 2020 as well as new patients included in the database during the period of observation. Data related to the previous 12 months and recorded on March 1st 2021: 1) occurrence of COVID-19 infection since the beginning of the pandemic (yes, no, unknown); 2) infection severity (asymptomatic; mild, no-hospitalization; moderate, hospitalization no-ICU; severe, hospitalization in ICU); 3) vaccinated against COVID-19 (yes, no, unknown); 4) patient outcome on March 1st 2021: still on HPN, weaned off HPN, deceased, lost to follow up.
Results: Sixty-eight centres from 23 countries included 4680 patients. Data on COVID-19 were available for 55. 1% of patients. The cumulative incidence of infection was 9. 6% in the total group and ranged from 0% to 21. 9% in the cohorts of individual countries. Infection severity was reported as: asymptomatic 26. 7%, mild 32. 0%, moderate 36. 0%, severe 5. 3%. Vaccination status was unknown in 62. 0% of patients, non-vaccinated 25. 2%, vaccinated 12. 8%. Patient outcome was reported as: still on HPN 78. 6%, weaned off HPN 10. 6%, deceased 9. 7%, lost to follow up 1. 1%. A higher incidence of infection (p ¼ 0. 04), greater severity of infection (p < 0. 001) and a lower vaccination percentage (p ¼ 0. 01) were observed in deceased patients. In COVID-19 infected patients, deaths due to infection accounted for 42.
A total of 78 centers from around the world contributed to the survey, representing !3500 patient experiences from both adult and pediatric centers; at that time, 53 centres (67. 95%) reported to have no known COVID-19 infected patients, 7 (8. 97%) centres were aware that some patients had been infected but were unsure of the exact number of cases, while 18 (23. 08%) centres reported that a total of 37 patients had been infected with COVID-19  [6]. In 2015, the HAN&CIF group developed an international multicenter research project to develop consensus criteria for the severity of CIF; the study protocol involved annual prospective data collection of HPN-dependent patients using a structured database  [7, 8]. As part of the project, data collection in 2021 was used to perform an international multicenter survey to investigate the incidence and severity of COVID-19 infection in patients on longterm HPN for CIF.
Study protocol, patient population and data collection The ESPEN international multicenter survey for CIF is based on the retrospective analysis of data prospectively recorded during 12month follow-up periods. The study started on March 1st, 2015, and data collection was performed on March 1st of each subsequent year, analysing data recorded during the previous 12 months for those patients already included in the database and for new patients who started HPN for CIF during the preceding 12 months. Center invitation to participate in the study occurred via representatives of the national Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (PEN) societies of the ESPEN Council, who were asked to send the study protocol to members of their PEN societies. Both pediatric ( 18-year-old) and adult patients who were dependent on HPN for either benign-CIF or malignant-CIF were included.
The term 'malignant-CIF' indicates the presence of active malignant disease  [3]. Data were collected in a structured questionnaire embedded in an Excel (Microsoft Co. , 2013) database, termed "the CIF Action day"  [3, 9]. For each patient, the following data were collected at first inclusion in the database (baseline): age and gender; body weight and height; underlying disease and its benign or malignant nature; pathophysiological mechanism of CIF; HPN requirements (duration, number of days of infusion per week, type of parenteral nutrition admixture, intravenous supplementation (IVS) volume and energy for each day of infusion). The pathophysiological mechanisms of IF were classified as short bowel syndrome with end-jejunostomy (SBS-J), with jejuno-colic anastomosis (SBS-JC) or with jejuno-ileal anastomosis and total colon in continuity (SBS-JIC), intestinal dysmotility (dysmotility), intestinal fistulas (fistulas), mechanical obstruction (obstruction) and extensive small bowel mucosal disease (mucosal disease).
Patients included at baseline were those already in the database still requiring HPN on March 1st, 2020 and new patients who started HPN between March 1st, 2020 and March 1st, 2021. In order to evaluate occurrence and outcomes associated with COVID-19 infection, a section was added to the ESPEN CIF database including three questions:1) had the patient suffered from COVID-19 infection? (answers: yes; no; unknown); 2) if yes, what was the severity of infection? (answers: asymptomatic; mild, no-hospitalization; moderate, with hospitalization not in the intensive care unit; severe, hospitalization in the intensive care unit); 3) has the patient been vaccinated against COVID-19 (answers: yes, no, unknown).
Taylor ;  Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust ,  Salford Nicola Wyer ,  Nicola Burch ;  University Hospital, Coventry United States of America Manpreet S. Mundi; Division of Endocrinology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine ,  Rochester, MN Denise Jezerski ,  Ezra Steiger ;  Cleveland Clinic Foundation , Cleveland, OH. ESPEN CIF database manager and statistician:  Giorgia Brillanti ,  Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences ;  University of Bologna, Italy.
Sampling and data collection Before every weighing and sampling (after 21 and 168 days), fish were overnight starved during 16 h. At the start, 21 fish in common, then 8 fish from each replicate tank (n = 24 fish per diet) at day 21 and day 168 were anaesthetized with benzocaine (30 mg/L) then killed with an overdose of benzocaine (60 mg/L). Fish were weighed and blood samples were collected from the caudal vein. Plasma was recovered from half of the centrifuged (5500 ×g for 10 min) blood samples, immediately frozen and stored at -80 • C prior to analysis (n = 12 per diet). Three fish collected at the start and two fish per tank at day 21 and day 168 (n = 6 per diet) were frozen and stored at -20 • C prior to proximate analysis. The liver of other collected fish (n = 18 at the start and n = 18 per diet at day 21 and day 168) were weighed for calculating hepatosomatic index (HSI).
Statistical analyses Data are expressed as mean ± standard error (SEM). Differences between dietary groups were analyzed using a two-way ANOVA to test the effect of dietary Hg supplementation and dietary Se supplementation and their interaction. Prior to the two-way ANOVA, normality and homogeneity of variance of data were checked with a Shapiro-Wilk and a Levene test, respectively. When appropriate, analysis was followed with a Tukey post hoc test. Statistical analyses were performed using R software  (version 3. 6. 1, R Development Core Team, 2008). Differences were considered significant when p-value was <0. 05.