dataesr/scientific-paragraphs-categorization huggingface dataset:
When a registry collected type of bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), i. e. , conventional CPR with rescue breathing or chest compression-only CPR, we presented proportion of patients who received each type of bystander CPR among EMS resuscitation attempted OHCAs in the registry. Similarly, when a registry collected data on the application of an AED and shock delivery by a bystander, we presented the proportion of those who had an AED applied and a shock delivered. When we calculated the proportion of those who received bystander CPR, had an AED applied, and received an AED shock, we excluded EMS-witnessed OHCA from the denominators because those with EMS-witnessed OHCA did not have the opportunity to have these bystander interventions. Survival outcomes were reported for both all EMS-treated OHCAs and bystander-witnessed shockable OHCAs.
We report the results of the second survey, summary data of core elements of the Utstein template from each participating registry in 2015 in Tables  2 3 4 5  Median age varied from 64 to 79 years and more than half of patients were male in all registries. (Table  3 ) All registries reported witness status and 37. 0% to 69. 8% of OHCAs were witnessed by a bystander. Fourteen registries recorded the location of OHCA and 51. 6% to 85. 3% occurred at home. All registries reported bystander CPR and 11 registries reported bystander AED use (Figure  1  and Table  3 ). The provision of bystander CPR ranged from 19. 1% to 79. 0% in all registries (Figure  1 ). Six registries recorded types of bystander CPR. Chest compression-only bystander CPR was provided for 15. 4% to 46. 9% of OHCA. Bystander AED use varied from 2.
Conclusion Based on the Utstein style recommendations for OHCA reporting, we described the data collected on systems of care and outcomes following OHCA from 9 national and 7 regional registries across the world. We found variation in patient outcomes and in other core elements of the latest Utstein style recommendations for OHCA across nations and regions, suggesting opportunities for improvements in data definitions and reporting system. We defined a national registry as one aiming for nationwide coverage and an international regisry as one including more than one country.
Field experiment data analysis We quantified the oxygenation effect from the downwelling at a sensor as the average difference between the observed dissolved oxygen concentration during the pumping interval, and a linear interpolation between the mean oxygen concentration in the 2 h preceding pumping and the 2 h following pumping. We chose to average over 2 h time windows preceding and following the experiment because 2 h greatly exceeds the timescale over which dissolved oxygen concentrations returned to background levels after pumping stopped each day (Fig. S9 ). Because we were primarily interested in the daily effects of downwelling on bottom water dissolved oxygen concentrations, we calculated the oxygenation effect at each mooring, O 2 , by averaging the oxygenation effects from all sensors on that mooring located less than 1.
Acknowledgments Nona Chiariello  provided substantial assistance with permitting, planning, and conducting our field experiment. Trevor Hébert ,  Steve Gomez , and  Bill Gomez  assisted with planning and execution of our field experiment. Manoela Romanó de Orte  provided critical input regarding experimental design and assisted with the field experiment. Jorge Sousa  assisted with the field experiment. This work was supported by proceeds from the  Carnegie Institution for Science endowment.
The lead investigators attended several coffee mornings at the ILCs and one class at the UoB Next Chapter Dance Group to provide further information for the older adults and to gather information on any access needs or requirements prior to the project start. Interested participants (n = 12) returned a signed consent form and were then contacted directly by the lead investigators. Control participants (n = 6) were recruited from the same groups as the experimental participants. Control participants gave consent to complete the questionnaire data but did not participate in the project. Inclusion criteria were as follows: participant is willing and able to give informed consent for participation in the study; male or female, 60 years or older; and living locally to Bedford. During phase 2 of the study, three of the participants from the experimental group (25%) and three participants from the control group (50%) dropped out.
For the young people, two local schools were contacted as part of the University of Bedfordshire's National Collaborative Outreach Programme, and both responded. The young people (n = 23) were recruited using information sheets designed by the lead investigators and delivered by the gatekeepers. Interested participants returned a signed consent form. Control participants (n = 13) were recruited from the same groups as the experimental participants. Control participants gave consent to complete the questionnaire data but did not participate in the project. Inclusion criteria were as follows: parent/legal guardian is willing and able to give informed consent for the young persons' participation in the study; male or female, school-aged; living locally to Bedford. During phase 2 of the study, four of the participants from the experimental group (17%) and one participant from the control group (8%) dropped out.
, under review). Focus group interviews lasted between 20:22 and 1:12:27 min and were transcribed verbatim and uploaded into NVivo software (QSR, Melbourne, Australia) for inductive analysis. Transcripts were read thoroughly, and all relevant segments of text were coded into meaningful units, which were then placed into logical categories (themes). Lower-order themes were combined to form higher-order themes, and this hierarchy was constantly updated and refined as part of the analysis process  (Patton, 2002). All of the transcripts were coded by the first author, and the second author independently coded 15% of the transcripts to ensure parity and agreement between the researchers  (Creswell and Miller, 2000).
Analysis Data were first cleaned and screened for errors and outliers using IBM SPSS version 22. Although initially a multivariate analysis of variance was planned to compare the groups over time on the well-being measures, the sample size was insufficient to meet normality assumptions. Paired-samples t-tests were instead conducted to assess any differences in scores over time for the young people; a Wilcoxon rank test was used for the older experimental adults due to the small sample size (analyses of change over time for the older control group was not possible due to insufficient sample size). Independent-samples t-tests were then run to compare any differences in mean scores between the experimental and control groups of young people (comparisons between the older adult experimental and control groups were not possible due to the small N for the control group).
CONCLUSION The impact of the Generations Dancing project has been overall very positive, drawing from a range of quantitative and qualitative information to paint an interwoven web of understanding and experience from the older adults' , young people's, artists' , and teachers' perspective. What is clear is the social value of a project like this being placed in locations where there is little existing provision for positive intergenerational interaction. Interview data from the older adults would suggest that this social value is far reaching, as they describe their growing number of interactions with peers, young people, friends, and family beyond the actual project sessions themselves. This research highlights the role that arts can play in connecting communities and encouraging social integration.
Extending mechanistic models predicting isotopic compositions of primary production to observed isotopic compositions of higher trophic level animals is complex. Such models require assumptions of the isotopic effects associated with trophic discrimination factors and food web structure  (Bird et al. , 2018). Consequently, while stable isotope methods are an attractive tool for inferring the spatial ecology of marine consumers, as for all ecological modeling, the confidence placed in any inferences depends on the quality of the reference dataset. The relative differences in reference isotope data produced by mechanistic or sample-driven approaches are not well understood, with both methods suffering from either logistical or theoretical limitations. Mechanistic approaches often target low trophic level organisms (plankton or planktivores)  (Magozzi et al.
, 2017)  while sample-driven approaches typically capture higher-order predators  (Logan et al. , 2020) , making the two approaches difficult to compare. Sample-driven isoscape approaches require relatively intensive sampling efforts and are typically only feasible for studying commercially important taxa such as tunas (e. g. ,  Logan et al. , 2020). Species that are only sporadically caught or have low commercial value will rarely justify the sampling efforts needed to construct reliable two-dimensional spatial isotope models. For these species, alternative sample-driven approaches, relying on more easily sampled indicator species to construct a reference dataset may be more appropriate, although creating bespoke isoscape models can be logistically challenging  (St. John Glew et al. , 2019).
Deciphering the predominant habitat range and migration of S. mokarran off south-eastern Australia may facilitate more precise conservation-status assessments. The paucity of catches in NSW waters along with a very high discard mortality  (Broadhurst and Cullis, 2020)  complicates tagging studies that can address this lack of data, although collections of tissue samples obtained from bather-protection programs are available. Our objective was to determine the geographic range of S. mokarran off NSW, Australia, using stable isotope data obtained from specimens caught in bather-protection gillnets. We assessed whether captured specimens were residents to this area, or whether their core geographic range was more northern than NSW. Our specific aims were to create and compare isoscapes using (i) a sample-driven approach that relied on targeted fish sampling from local commercial fisheries and on zooplanktivore sampling from coastal reefs and could only examine latitudinal patterns, and (ii) a mechanistic approach using a global biogeochemical model that could examine both longitudinal and latitudinal patterns.
87   Couturier et al. (2013) , sampled in 2011 and 2012. Planktivorous reef fishes were captured in a separate juvenile fish survey in 2017 and 2018 from the southern end of the Great Barrier Reef to the New South Wales -Victoria border  (Kingsbury et al. , 2020). In general, the fishes selected to create the isoscape were considered likely to be feeding from pelagic food webs and were unlikely to be undertaking large annual north/south migrations. Relatively few species were available that fit both criteria, and to create a suitable reference dataset, we sampled across a wide latitudinal range and included a broad range of species at different life history stages. We corrected for potential trophic enrichment effects on δ 13 C values using the approach outlined below.
Modeling Relationships Between Reference δ 13 C Values and Latitude We used a general additive model (GAM) framework using the package mgcv  (Wood and Wood, 2015)  in R to model the relationship between trophic enrichment and lipid-corrected δ 13 C values in referenced fish and squid data (δ 13 C fish ) and latitude. We fitted corrected δ 13 C fish values as the response variable using a smoothing term with latitude as the predictor and five nodes. This number of nodes was chosen because increases did not significantly improve model fit (R 2 increase < 0. 05), while creating apparent overfit with nodes at each location where samples were collected. While we did not achieve an empirically ideal model using diagnostic criteria such as estimated degrees of frequency relative to k-values, we are confident that the number of nodes chosen was high enough to detect major trends without over-fitting the model.
mokarran and Pristiophorus spp. was the low number of baseline samples at the extreme distributions of the models (north and south), which would increase sensitivity for error. In such cases, the outputs from the mechanistic model may be more reliable until broader datasets are obtained. Notwithstanding the above, either the mechanistic or sampledriven approaches could be used to determine the broad geographic range of captured populations of both species. Using a single-axis (i. e. , latitudinal), sample-driven approach that does not account for longitudinal variation was sufficiently informative and able to answer the research question with a coastline that aligns with latitudinal change in δ 13 C values, while costing considerably less to produce than an approach that would include longitudinal data.
Beyond methodological considerations, projects attempting to use similar approaches to examine the geographic patterns of other species should be aware of some of the broader issues we encountered. For example, extrapolating geographic ranges for species that may occur beyond the sample-driven latitudinal range (further north of 20 • S in our case) can lead to greater uncertainty. In those instances, we recommend researchers compare their sample-driven patterns to those from the NEMO-MEDUSA data or source samples from latitudinal extremes in the published literature. The model presented here does not account for known habitat preference (like bathymetry) that would otherwise be constraining, and the results should be interpreted accordingly. Ideally, those replicating the approach would incorporate known habitat ranges into the model to constrain results more appropriately.
FUNDING This research was part-funded through a grant from the  Sea World Research and Rescue Foundation (SWRRFI)  to VR, VP, TG, and  JW , and from the  NSW Department of Primary Industries. The sampling and stable isotope analysis of the zooplanktivorous fish samples was supported by an  Australian Research Council   Discovery grant  ( DP170101722 ) to IN, DB, and BG. Manta ray sampling and isotopic analyses were funded by the  Australian Research Council   Linkage Grant  ( LP110100712 ),  Earthwatch Institute Australia, Sea World Research and Rescue Foundation Inc. ,  Lady Elliot Island Eco Resort and Manta Lodge and Scuba Centre in Australia.
Here, in order to capture the signal of both types of variability sources and their direct or indirect influence on DOM dynamics, we sampled a coastal station located in the NW Mediterranean on a weekly basis during 14-months (SOLA Station, Banyuls sur Mer, France). The aim of our work was to determine the major environmental drivers affecting the dissolved organic matter (DOM) concentration and quality in this area with the aim of discerning recurrent seasonal dynamics from episodic phenomena. To achieve this, we first analyzed samples for different DOM fractions together with several environmental variables during a 14-month period. Then, we compared our results with climatological and environmental data (temperature, salinity and inorganic nutrient and chlorophyll a concentrations) collected from January 2000 to April 2014 at the same station.
Site and sample collection Samples were taken from a NW Mediterranean coastal station (station SOLA, 42°30′ N, 03°09′ E, 27 m depth), located in the Bay of Banyuls sur Mer. The area receives the discharge of two rivers, the Têch and Têt Rivers. The mouths of the rivers are located at approximately 14 and 27 km north (Fig. 1 ) and the area is influenced by winter windstorms. Samples for nutrients, chlorophyll a and DOM analyses were collected directly from Niskin bottles weekly at 3 m depth from February 2013 to April 2014 aboard the RV "Nereis II". We also compiled results from the SOLA station database to examine the temporal trends of a 14year period  (2000) (2001) (2002) (2003) (2004) (2005) (2006) (2007) (2008) (2009) (2010) (2011) (2012) (2013) (2014). Temperature and salinity were simultaneously measured using a Seabird 19 Conductivity-Temperature-Depth probe.
Statistical analyses Pearson correlations were determined to explore co-occurrence patterns between DOM metrics and environmental parameters. Data were log10-transformed to accomplish the requirements of parametric tests. Data normality was tested using Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests. A correlation matrix was generated to explore the co-occurrence patterns between physical and chemical properties at our sampling site. A multiple regression was applied to autumnwinter samples to explore the FDOM variability as a function of salinity and Chl a.
34 and -0. 42; p < 0. 05, n = 57). This could indicate that river flow was actually influencing the nutrient levels, and, for the case of January 2014, probably inducing a peak in chlorophyll a (Fig. 2 ). The other Chl a maximum was observed in February 2013. This peak did not follow any salinity minima but coincided with a relative maximum of NH 4 +. This ammonium peak could be originated by sediment resuspension caused by the strong wind observed during that period (mean 19 m s -1 , data not shown). High waves and swell have been reported as a cause for sediment resuspension at the SOLA station  (Guizien et al. , 2007). In fact, coinciding with this Chl a peak, we found a relative minimum of temperature (Fig. 2 ) that could be a sign of water intrusion from deeper layers. We compared the results obtained for the 2012-2014 period with climatological and environmental data collected from 2000 to 2014 at the same station.
Acknowledgements We are grateful to  M. Nieto-Cid  for providing the macro script to perform the analysis of the fluorescence dissolved organic matter. We thank  E. Romero ,  X. A. Álvarez-Salgado  and the anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on the manuscript. We also thank  L. Oriol  and  J. Caparros  for their help in the analysis of nutrients and dissolved organic carbon. We thank the  Service d'Observation en Milieu Littoral (INSU-CNRS, France)  for providing data from their monitoring station in Banyuls-sur-mer. This study was supported by the  MERMeX / MISTRALS  project and is a contribution to international  SOLAS program  and the projects  ANIMA  ( CTM2015-65720-R ) and DOREMI ( CTM2012-34294 ) from the  Spanish Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad. E. D. Sánchez-Pérez  would like to thank the  Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (CONACyT)  for their financial support through a PhD fellowship.
31  Signal amplification and recording were made with the Tucker Davis Technologies PZ2 preamp and RZ2 amplifier at the sampling frequency of 25 kHz. Spike sorting is processed in real-time by using TdT© OpenEx© commercial software and spikes-of-interest were stored when spike occurrence was matching with the walking status. We labeled the corresponding sensors among the 32 recording sites of each implant. The experience was repeated once a week by in-cage free-movement recordings for all sensors and compared to previous results. All procedures and surgeries were approved by the Veterinary Office of the canton of Vaud and the Veterinary Office of the Canton of Geneva (Switzerland). Histology. At the end of the experimental procedures, rats were perfused with Ringer's solution containing 100 000 IU/L heparin and 0.
Fluorescence counterstaining of Nissl substance was done using neurotrace A c c e p t e d M a n u s c r i p t 640/660 solution (1:50, Invitrogen). Image acquisition was performed using a laser confocal scanning microscope (Leica SPE) and stacks were processed offline. Immunostaining density was measured using confocal image stacks per group acquired with standard imaging settings and analyzed using custom-written scripts according to previously described methods. 32 Briefly, confocal output images were divided into square regions of interest (ROI), and densities computed within each ROI as the ratio of positive signal (amount of pixels) per ROI area. ROI were defined as follow: DV: length of cortical column (from brain surface to corpus callosum); M/L: +/-1mm from the electrode tract. Files were color-filtered and binarized by means of an in-tensity threshold.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The authors thank the help provided by nanofabrication (Nanofab) and biotechnology (Biofab) facilities at  Neel Institute. This work is partially supported by la  Région Rhône-Alpes , and by the  french Agence Nationale de la Recherche , under the projects  ANR-10-LABX-51-01  ( Labex LANEF du Programme d'Investissements d'Avenir ) the  Lab Alliances on Nanosciences -Energies  for the  Future , and  ANR-18-CE42-0003-01  NANOMESH. ABBREVIATIONS.
The full description of the simulation as a whole can be found in  Schaye et al. (2015)  and the calibration strategy is described in  Crain et al. (2015). The most recent post-processing analysis of the model galaxies in EAGLE includes dust reprocessing using the radiative transfer code  (Baes et al. 2011; Camps & Baes 2015). This yields predicted SEDs of model galaxies covering the rest-frame UV-toradio wavelengths (e. g. Camps et al. 2018; McAlpine et al. 2019) , and is calibrated against far-infrared observations from the Herschel Reference Survey  (Boselli et al. 2010). Our primary goal here is to run on the model photometry of EAGLE galaxies and so test whether the uncertainties on the derived quantities from encompass the known physical properties of the model galaxies. This will provide us with a threshold that we can use to test the significance of any trends we observe in our real data in § 4.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The authors thank the anonymous referee for their helpful and insightful comments which have improved the paper. UD acknowledges the support of  STFC  studentship ( ST/R504725/1 ). The Durham co-authors acknowledge support from  STFC  ( ST/P000541/1 ). The authors thank  John Helly  and  Lydia Heck  for help with HPC. The ALMA data used in this paper were obtained un-der programs ADS/JAO. ALMA# 2012ALMA#. 1. 00090. S, # 2015ALMA#. 1. 01528. S and # 2016. 1. 00434. 1. 00434. S. ALMA is a partnership of  ESO  (representing its member states),  NSF (USA)  and  NINS (Japan) , together with  NRC (Canada)  and  NSC and ASIAA (Taiwan) , in cooperation with the  Republic of Chile. The Joint ALMA Observatory is operated by  ESO ,  AUI/NRAO , and  NAOJ. This work used the DiRAC@Durham facility managed by the  Institute for Computational Cosmology  on behalf of the  STFC DiRAC HPC Facility  (www.
dirac. ac. uk). The equipment was funded by  BEIS  capital funding via STFC capital grants  ST/K00042X/1 ,  ST/P002293/1 ,  ST/R002371/1  and  ST/S002502/1 ,  Durham University  and  STFC  operations grant  ST/R000832/1. DiRAC is part of the  National e-Infrastructure. We extend our gratitude to the staff at  UKIRT  for their tireless efforts in ensuring the success of the  UKIDSS UDS  project. EdC gratefully acknowledges the  Australian Research Council  as the recipient of a  Future Fellowship  (project  FT150100079 ). JLW acknowledges support from an  STFC   Ernest Rutherford Fellowship  ( ST/P004784/1  and  ST/P004784/2 ). All the data required for this project is available through the relevant archives.
Freezing behavior during contextual and cued testing was scored by computer using FreezeScan software (Clever Systems). Freezing levels for all groups was examined for normality using the Shapiro-Wilk test. Normally distributed data sets were compared using 2-way ANOVA, with significance levels of P < 0. 05. Nonparametric data were compared using independent samples Kruskal-Wallis test, with P value significance level of 0. 05. For all conditioning experiments, animals with responses 2 SDs above or below the group mean were excluded from the analysis as outliers. Mice were tested in the elevated zero maze with a single, 5-minute exposure in which the animals were allowed to freely explore the maze. Time spent in open and closed quadrants of the maze were scored manually by a trained observer blind to the genotypes of the animals.