dataesr/scientific-paragraphs-categorization huggingface dataset:
et al. performed a study using passive leg raising (PLR, the legs of the patient were raised by staff at an angle of z50 for 3 minutes) during resting RHC and they found improved diagnostic accuracy in the diagnosis of occult HFpEF. 115  In specific, the authors demonstrate a diagnostic improvement both in the rule-in and rule out diagnosis of HFpEF with respectively 19 mmHg (100% PPV) and 11 mmHg (100% NPV) PCWP cut-off after performing the maneuver. The authors suggest that if the patient falls between these two values, a RHC stress should be performed. Further ongoing studies (DEST HF study NCT04970953) are evaluating the diagnostic performance of several invasive stress test (bicycle ergometry, dynamic handgrip exercise, a 500 ml saline fluid challenge over 5 minutes, leg raise testing) to identify the best predictor of PCWP increase to detect HFpEF diagnosis.
The primary endpoint was the proportion of patients reducing their ICS-formoterol dose by week 32. The primary outcome was assessed in the reduction group, and safety analyses included all randomly assigned patients receiving study treatment. This study is registered at ClinicalTrials. gov, NCT04159519. Findings Between Nov 12, 2019, and Feb 16, 2023, we screened and enrolled in the run-in period 208 patients. We randomly assigned 168 (81%) to the reduction (n=125 [74%]) and reference arms (n=43 [26%]). Overall, 110 (92%) patients reduced their ICS-formoterol dose: 18 (15%) to medium-dose, 20 (17%) to low-dose, and 72 (61%) to as-needed only. In 113 (96%) patients, week-32 doses were maintained to week 48; 114 (91%) of patients in the reduction group had zero exacerbations during tapering.
We calculated ACQ-5 score, AQLQ(S) + 12 score, and FEV 1 as post-baseline scores. We estimated the asthma exacerbation rate for each treatment group and presented with two-sided 95% CIs (Poisson model). The mean total daily ICS dose is presented by treatment group for each visit during the reduction and maintenance periods, together with two-sided 95% CIs calculated for the mean difference between groups. We assessed change from baseline in the mean total daily ICS dose (maintenance plus reliever; each visit and during the previous 8 weeks), change from baseline in ACQ-5 scores (each visit and during the previous 8 weeks), and FEV 1 scores (each visit) using a model for repeated measures, including baseline value, visit, treatment, and visit × treatment as fixed effects. We summarised safety data with descriptive statistics.
Additionally, we did sensitivity analyses excluding patients with important protocol deviations that could potentially affect the primary endpoint or lung function assessments. For the primary endpoint, these important protocol deviations mainly included the use of disallowed medication (such as strong CYP3A4 inhibitors), patients not meeting inclusion criteria (ie, no documented maintenance treatment along with high-dose  ICS-formoterol), and dose reductions occurring at visit 6 (week 32) when reductions were no longer permitted after visit 5 (week 24). For the lung function endpoints, these important protocol deviations consisted of patients who did not withhold reliever therapy for at least 12 h before lung function assessments. This trial is registered at ClinicalTrials. gov, NCT04159519.
Acknowledgments The authors thank the patients and their carers who participated in this study. The authors would also like to thank  Justin Kwiatek  for significant contribution to design and delivery in the SHAMAL study. Expert medical writing support was provided by  Alexia Williams ,  Dan Jackson , and  Sara N Fischer  ( Citrus Health Group, Lantana, FL, USA ), in accordance with Good Publication Practices 2022 guidelines. This support was funded by  AstraZeneca (Cambridge, UK).
1 s). This configuration eliminates any false alarm caused by the measurement noise. Unlike the persistent block used in  [20] , which is limited because it adds an additional heaviness to the computing device (dSPACE), we propose a simple persistent-block implemented in Matlab/Simulink as is shown in Fig. 4 , where the persistence time delay is defined as the time response (T d ) of the transfer function. In normal operation, the PMSG feedback speed control is solely controlled by the PI controller performance. However, in the presence of the uncertainties or an external disturbance such as a fault, the reconfiguring block activates the switching from the normal operation to the robust backstepping-sensorless control. The backstepping controller and the sliding mode observer are designed in the following subsection.
The naming of miRNAs follows a specific set of rules. Each miRNA name identifies first its source species (e. g. 'hsa' for human and 'mmu' for mouse) and is numbered according to its order of submission to the miRNA database  [20] , with mature sequences labelled 'miR' and precursor hairpins 'mir'  [21]. Identical sequences found in different species are assigned the same numbers, while identical sequences found within the same species but arising from different genomic locations are given numerical suffixes (e. g. hsa-miR-1-1, hsa-miR-1-2). miRNAs of similar sequence are grouped into a miRNA 'family' and are allocated an additional lowercase letter to aid identification (e. g. hsa-miR-320a, hsa-miR-320b, hsa-miR-320c). Finally, given that mature miRNAs derive from a 'hairpin' precursor, the current nomenclature assigns either a -5p or -3p suffix, depending upon whether the miRNA was generated from the 5′ or 3′ arm of that hairpin (e.
Acknowledgements This publication is based upon the work from the  EU COST   Action ADMIRE   BM1301   in Aldosterone and Mineralocorticoid Receptor Physiology and Pathophysiology  (www. admirecosteu. com). SM, JvK and ED are supported by an  EU   Horizon 2020  award to the  ENS@T-HT programme ; HM is funded by a  British Heart Foundation PhD  studentship.
Digital elevation model and derived vector datasets Figure  6  shows the map of topographic elevation. The original data is the 1-m resolution RGE ALTI  [Institut Géographique National, 2018] ; in order to speed up the extraction of the hydrographic network without altering channel elevations, we downscale this dataset to a resolution of 5 m by keeping the minimum elevation on each 5×5 pixels block. The resulting DEM is then hydrologically conditioned, and the flow direction and flow accumulation maps are computed. The stream network is extracted in vector form from the DEM with a support area of 0. 1 km 2  [ESRI, 2022]. The boundary of the Evel catchment is also extracted in vector form, as the segments making up this boundary will be assigned a zero normal velocity condition in the least squares regression.
0 vs 10. 9 months). For external validation, the model was applied to the BYLieve trial, for which successful classi cation into high-and low-risk groups with shorter time to grade 3/4 hyperglycemia in the high-risk group was observed. Conclusions: A risk model using 5 clinically relevant baseline characteristics was able to identify patients at higher or lower probability for developing alpelisib-induced hyperglycemia. Early identi cation of patients who may be at higher risk for hyperglycemia may improve management (including monitoring and early intervention) and potentially lead to improved outcomes. Registration: ClinicalTrials. gov: NCT01219699 (registration date: October 13, 2010; retrospectively registered), ClinicalTrials. gov: NCT02437318 (registration date: May 7, 2015); ClinicalTrials.
gov: NCT03056755 (registration date: February 17, 2017) Background A frequent mutation in hormone receptor-positive (HR+)/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2negative (HER2-) breast cancer is alteration in the PIK3CA gene (encoding the phosphatidylinositol 3kinase [PI3K] α isoform), which is mutated in approximately 40% of patients. [1] [2] [3] [4]  PIK3CA mutations are associated with poorer outcomes in metastatic breast cancer, promotion of tumor growth, and resistance to endocrine therapy (ET). [3, [5] [6] [7]  Targeted PI3K inhibition for patients with PIK3CA mutations has been explored as a pathway to overcome ET resistance in HR + breast cancers. Alpelisib, an orally available PI3K inhibitor that selectively inhibits and degrades the α isoform of PI3K, ultimately emerged as an agent that demonstrated compelling e cacy.
Study Design and Setting Detailed study designs for X2101 (NCT01219699), SOLAR-1 (NCT02437318), and BYLieve (NCT03056755) have been described. [12, 13, 16 -18] X2101 was a multicenter, open-label, phase 1 trial of alpelisib 30-450 mg (once daily)/120-200 mg (twice daily) as single agent or alpelisib 300-400 mg (once daily) plus fulvestrant. [16, 17] SOLAR-1 was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial of alpelisib (300 mg) plus fulvestrant vs placebo plus fulvestrant. [12]  BYLieve was an open-label, noncomparative, 3-cohort trial of alpelisib (300 mg) plus fulvestrant or letrozole. [18] All trials were approved by an independent ethics committee and institutional review board at each site and were conducted per the Declaration of Helsinki and Good Clinical Practice. [12, 17]  All participants provided written informed consent, and participants in X2101 received nancial compensation.
Hui et al. [30]  used a family of 1D CUF models in order to perform the multiscale nonlinear analysis of composite beam structures, through the asymptotic numerical method. The effect of microscopic imperfections on the macroscale response was investigated by considering sinusoidal geometries as fibers defects. CUF has also been applied to modern computing techniques like the data-driven approach. For example, Hui et al. [31]  used 1D CUF models within the data-driven computational mechanics paradigm in order to perform the static analysis of beam structures. Results showed that the accuracy is influenced by the number of layers of the database. Viglietti et al. [32]  and Fallahi et al. [33]  used a 1D CUF model for free-vibration and buckling analyses of VATs. Buckling optimization of VATs was studied by Fallahi et al.
authorship contribution statement D. A. Iannotta: Methodology, Software, Validation, Formal analysis, Writing -original draft, Writing -review & editing. G. Giunta: Conceptualization, Methodology, Writing -review & editing, Supervision, Project administration, Funding acquisition. M. Montemurro: Conceptualization, Methodology, Writing -review & editing, Supervision, Project administration, Funding acquisition. GLAMOUR-VSC. For the purpose of open access, and in fulfillment of the obligations arising from the grant agreement, the author has applied a Creative Commons Attribution 4. 0 International (CC BY 4. 0) license to any Author Accepted Manuscript version arising from this submission. M. Montemurro is grateful to French National Research Agency for supporting this work through the research project GLAMOUR-VSC (Global-LocAl two-level Multi-scale optimization strategy accOUnting for pRocess-induced singularities to design Variable Stiffness Composites) ANR-21-CE10-0014.
In the glomerular microenvironment, abnormality or health of one cell type can influent the nearby cells by signaling molecules and extracellular vesicles (EVs). Secreted growth factors and signaling peptides, which may have an autocrine effect on the same cell type or a paracrine effect on nearby cells, serve as crosstalk effector molecules by binding to their specific receptors and activating signaling  [3]. The ECM is crucial for depositing secreted ligands, the development of concentration gradient, and the presentation of ligands to cell surface receptors  [4]. In addition to growth factors and signaling peptides, there is growing evidence implying an important role for EVs in cell communication  [5]. This review will focus on recent data concerning the crosstalk between GECs and podocytes in physiological and pathological conditions.
Search strategy We conducted a systematic review in line with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines  4  (Fig. 1 ). This protocol was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) database (Registration Number: CRD42023409259). The literature search was performed in PubMed/Medline, Embase, and Web of Science databases, to identify reports published through February 2023 reporting on lithiasis of kidney transplant recipients. The search strategy used the combination of the following terms grouped according to the Boolean operators (AND, OR, NOT): kidney transplant, renal transplant, stone, lithiasis. The primary objective of this systematic review is to assess the incidence of lithiasis in kidney transplant (KT) recipients.
Study selection Studies were deemed eligible if they included patients who underwent renal transplantation developing urolithiasis in the graft (P), submitted to active treatment (I) or conservative management (C) in order to assess the incidence of lithiasis, the time of stone formation, the composition of the stone, peri-operative outcomes, and graft loss (O). All articles with data of interest were selected: only those articles pertinent with PICO strategy, full text in English were included. Abstracts, editorials, commentaries, reviews, book chapters, non-English language, single case reports and articles reporting experimental studies on animals or cadavers were excluded.
Data extraction The articles were independently reviewed by two of the authors (A. P. and G. B. ) on the basis of inclusion and exclusion criteria. Titles and abstracts were analyzed. After this initial screening, a full-text review was conducted to confirm the selected articles' eligibility for inclusion. Finally, references from the selected articles were reviewed in order to identify other possible sources of data. Disagreements regarding study selection were resolved by a third reviewer (A. T. ).
Study characteristics The Literature search included 2367 records. After screening and eligibility assessment, 41 studies met the inclusion criteria. In total, 699 KT recipients with urolithiasis were included with an age at the diagnosis ranging between 29 and 53 years-old. 6, 7   -Graft lost: 1  summarizes data extracted from each study. One of the studies included in this review was conducted on a pediatric population with a median age of 9. 2 (standard deviation 4. 7) years. 8  The study publication year varied considerably, ranging from 1984  9  to 2021. 6  In addition, all the studies included single-center retrospective cohorts.
Data Sources: The Pubmed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library electronic databases were searched. Review Methods: A systematic review of the literature has been conducted to define the potential diagnostic value of biomarkers for arterial occlusive AMI. All studies including ! 10 patients describing biomarkers for macrovascular occlusive AMI between 1950 and 17 February 2023 were identified within the Pubmed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library electronic databases. There were no restrictions to any particular study design, but letters and editorials were excluded. The QUADAS-2 tool was used for the critical appraisal of quality. The study protocol was registered on Prospero (CRD42021254970). Results: Fifty of 4334 studies were eligible for inclusion in this review. Ninety per cent of studies were of low quality.
Data extraction and statistical analysis Two authors (J. T. M. B. , F. M. M. ) independently extracted data from the included studies. Data extraction included clinical setting, study design, study population, number of patients, reference standard employed, disease prevalence, properties of the respective diagnostic tests, and the cut off level used for each biomarker. Next to this, data on diagnostic accuracy (sensitivity, specificity, likelihood ratios, predictive values, diagnostic odds ratio, and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve) were extracted if available. Continuous variables were presented as means with standard deviation or median with interquartile range for parametric and non-parametric data, respectively. Categorical variables were presented as numbers with percentages.
Search and selection criteria The flowchart according to PRISMA is shown in Figure  1. A total of 4334 papers was identified, of which 203 were retrieved for full text review. Fifty papers were ultimately included for final critical appraisal. Table  2  shows the characteristics of the included articles, with prospective articles and retrospective articles identified. Two studies were excluded because the patient data were inconsistent. 30, 31  For both studies, the outcomes presented in the text were conflicting with the outcomes presented in the tables. It is thought that the first study 30 has been cited three times so far, including two systematic reviews  26, 32, 33  and the second study  31  has been cited four times so far. 34e37 Also in these cases both the corresponding authors and the journals concerned were asked for a response, but the data could not be retrieved.
I. INTRODUCTION A. Motivation The growing demand for a fully connected and intelligent world has driven research to advance communication technologies beyond 5G wireless networks  [1]. Future wireless networks are expected to satisfy certain quality of service (QoS) requirements, such as improved user data rate, massive device connectivity, and high energy efficiency. This is to ensure that sufficient performance and quality levels can be This work is funded by the Luxembourg National Research Fund (FNR) as part of the CORE programme under project RISOTTI C20/IS/14773976. The work of V. -D. Nguyen was supported in part by the VinUniversity Seed Grant Program. This work has been presented in part at the IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC) 2022  [1]. Corresponding author: Progress Zivuku (progress.
In addition, this user-centric design is crucial for network deployments that intend to facilitate emergency communication or offer ubiquitous connectivity. • The resulting optimization problem is a mixed-integer nonlinear program (MINLP), which is non-convex and thus difficult to solve in polynomial time using the methods of combinatorial programming and convex optimization. In order to solve this problem, we develop a simple yet efficient iterative algorithm. Firstly, we relax the binary variables and then penalize the objective using two penalty functions to ensure binary solutions at convergence. Next, we resort to alternating optimization (AO) to tackle the coupling between optimization variables. Specifically, we decompose the problem into two tractable sub-problems. Finally, we tackle the non-convexity of the sub-problems by combining the tools from mathematical transformations and successive convex approximation (SCA)  [41].
Note that the formulated problem is a mixed-integer nonlinear program (MINLP) which is nonconvex and thus difficult to solve in polynomial time using existing methods of combinatorial programming and convex optimization. Such non-convex problems have no established standard approach for solving them optimally, making it challenging to find an existing algorithm that can efficiently provide an optimal solution. However, in order to evaluate the tightness of the proposed algorithm to the theoretical limit, we compare the proposed algorithm with an upper-bound solution. Specifically, we derive the upper bound on the number of users that the system can support considering the number of packets required for the user to be considered served and the maximum number of orthogonal channels we can create in each time slot.
For this selection we built on a diverse set of expertise as an interdisciplinary group of academics who are part of a research-collaboration on critical research on water modelling. Based on the keywords and words used in the titles and abstracts of the articles included in this first set of papers, a database query was constructed. The final query is defined as TITLE-ABS-KEY ( "water model*" OR "hydrolog* model*" ) AND TITLE-ABS-KEY ( justice OR equit* OR politic* OR ethic* ). We selected these keywords as they stand for different ways models influence water governance. 'Politic*' and 'equit*' were chosen because they broadly relate to how models influence issues of distribution. Focused on who gets what, when and how  (Lasswell, 1936). 'Justice' and 'ethic*' were chosen to capture those articles that reflect on the why certain actorsincluding naturereceive or are deprived of water.
Representation: Mental models translated into, and shaped by, categories Definitions and categories are important mechanisms to translate world views into models. Building on feminist science and making gender explicit, two articles in our literature review call for more inclusive modelling. Haeffner et al. (2021)  showed that available water data often disfavour women and local communities as few disaggregated data based on these categories are available. Disaggregation, which would entail collecting specific data related for instance to gender, class, and caste, can make differences and inequalities visible. When datasets are not aggregated, or for instance create biases towards male water users who are oftentimes more visible, the modelling exercises based on biased datasets inherit the same biases and knowledge gaps unless these are explicitly acknowledged and addressed.
, 2017; Hasala et al. 2020; Khiavi et al. , 2022). Transdisciplinary research, where both certified and noncertified water experts engage and challenge each other, seems essential  (Krueger et al. , 2016). This is challenging and seen as a major obstacle in a professional world that does not value complexity but promotes disciplinary thinking  (Melsen, Vos, and Boelens, 2018; Srinivasan et al. , 2018; Rusca and Di Baldassare, 2019). To contribute to overcoming disciplinary thinking, we aim to make use of the open peer-review process of the Hydrology and Earth System Sciences journal, and invite researchers and practitioners from a broad range of disciplines to think with us, share experiences and thoughts, as well as contribute articles that should be included in an updated review and in the database of articles in Appendix A.
Acknowledgements This article is the follow-up activity of the workshop 'Towards a  reflexive approach: Connecting critical research on water modelling ', co-organized by the  Hydrology and Society group at IRI-THESys, Humboldt University of Berlin  and the  Water Resources Management Group of Wageningen University  on 19 and 20 January 2022. We thank all the participants for sharing their experiences and reflections about modelling waters.
Harvey and Chrisman (1998)   unpacked the development of geographical information system (GIS) technology to show how this technology can work inclusively and bring different groups together, but can also work exclusively. Based on a case study on the mapping of wetlands in the USA, the authors argue that an important element that defines who and what is included or excluded is the mental model that underlies the GIS and modelling activities. Their case started with very different ideas on what wetlands are amongst American institutions. How different these understandings can be was highlighted in a 1995 report that compared four different datasets that represent the same wetland. The datasets disagreed on more than ninety percent of the area through different purposes, procedures, sources, definitions, and logics that shaped the different inventory techniques (Shapiro, 1995: p.
Searching for synchronous climatic and chemical anomalies at multiple temporal scales The two following examples were based on a daily dataset from 2000-2020 from the AgrHyS French Critical Zone Observatory  [Fovet et al. , 2018 , Gascuel-Odoux et al. , 2018] , in the Kervidy-Naizin headwater catchment (Brittany, France), a 4. 9-km 2 agricultural [2020] analysed effects of climate on chemical flushing, when flow starts in autumn, as a function of the length of the dry phase in an intermittent stream. Relations between climate conditions and water quality can be revealed at the seasonal scale, particularly when climate conditions influence the hydrological regime.