dataesr/scientific-paragraphs-categorization huggingface dataset:
The comparison between the observed and synthetic wavefields at 2. 5 s period is presented in Fig. 11  using CSGs (common Shotpoint gathers) at different times. The synthetic correlation functions fit the data down to a fraction of a wavelength (see black dotted circles spaced by one wavelength). This confirms that the forwardproblem theory we used in this study to model the NCFs remains valid for short paths. Additionally, we show that the overall characteristics of the NCFs can be explained during the first step of the inversion despite assuming a laterally homogeneous velocity model, which confirms that our NCFs were indeed controlled to first order by the noise directivity. Based on the results of the synthetic tests, we infer that the information concerning the spatial variations of the Rayleigh wave velocity (which will be extracted in the second step of the inversion) is contained in the second order discrepancies between the observed and the modelled datasets.
A C K N O W L E D G E M E N T S This work is supported by the LABEX ANR-11-LABX-0050 G-EAU-THERMIE-PROFONDE and benefits from a funding from the state managed by the French National Research Agency as part of the Investments for the future program. The authors thank GEIE-EMC, ECOGI and EOST for providing the data from the permanent stations. We thank the Geophysical Instrument Pool Potsdam (GFZ) for providing temporary stations of network 'KIT1', as well as E. Gaucher (KIT), V. Maurer (ES-Géothermie), H. Wodling, H. Jund and M. Grünberg (EOST) who deployed the stations and collected the data. This work was mainly conducted in the framework of the PhD of M. Lehujeur funded by Groupe Electricité de Strasbourg who also funded the temporary Broad-band stations. The authors thank D. Zigone as well as the two anonymous reviewers, who accepted to review the manuscript and helped to improve it.
Regarding this process analysis and following a review of catalytic solutions, IFP Energies nouvelles (IFPEN) has developed the COSWEET TM process that combines a very deep COS removal through the complete hydrolysis of the COS in a catalytic reactor integrated within the selective removal of H 2 S by a MDEA amine unit. The COSWEET TM reactor can also be integrated with an Energized MDEA unit as it reduces the solvent flow rate to perform both acid gas removal and COS removal. At the screening phase, IFPEN has selected a specific metal oxide based catalyst that is able to operate at moderate temperatures. Numerous data have been acquired in the laboratory on the thermodynamics and the kinetics of the hydrolysis reaction taking place on the catalyst. Based on these data, a specific prediction model (and an in-house simulator) has been developed to allow the precise and optimal design of the catalytic reactor.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY Following techno-economic evaluation, an experimental study has been carried out in order to obtain data on catalyst activity toward the COS hydrolysis reaction. Objectives were primarily to validate the feasibility of COS conversion reaction under the industrial COSWEET TM process conditions. Experiments were also performed to obtain information on reaction kinetics to determine the critical parameters that may affect COS conversion and to get data to be used to develop a kinetic modeling tool. From these experiments, the dependence of reaction kinetics toward a set of parameters that have to be considered for the COSWEET TM process design has been underlined.
On obtient donc ' = 0:5. La demande de colza du consommateur est donnée par x D A = p A e 1 1. On résout donc l'équation ( 1)(ln x D A ) = (ln p A + ln e ln ) avec x D A = 61 270 tonnes par mois et p A p A w = 0:132, et en posant e = 0:00082. On obtient donc = 0:2854. Il nous semble important de détailler l'obtention de la valeur de x D A = 61 270 tonnes par mois. En e¤et, la demande alimentaire de colza n'est pas une donnée disponible. Elle est déduite dans notre modèle à partir de l'équation x D A = x S A xA X A : Nous cherchons donc les valeurs réelles des variables dans la partie droite de l'équation. Nous commençons par la demande de colza comme matière première agricole pour la production de biodiesel, xA. Nous connaissons la production de biocarburants en France en 2010, qui est de l'ordre de 2 623 255 tonnes (source : base de données Pégase du Service de l'observation et des statistiques (SOeS)).
2011) et d'après Octave et Thomas (2009), la bioraffinerie intégrée correspond peu ou prou aux principes du métabolisme industriel : il s'agit d'usines appartenant à une ou plusieurs entreprises, qui arrivent par exemple à s'organiser pour gérer un approvisionnement commun en matières premières végétales, qui mutualisent la production et distribution d'énergie, et dont les déchets des uns deviennent les intrants des autres. A ce titre les exemples de Pomacle-Bazancourt et d'Örnsköldsvik sont particulièrement illustratifs car des nombreuses synergies existent entre les entités participant à ces clusters agro-ou sylvo-industriels. Ce recours à l'écologie industrielle participe au story-telling (Hajer,Versteeg, 2005) de la durabilité des bioraffineries intégrées et permet d'en justifier politiquement la promotion (au travers du financement de programmes de finances comme les Plans d'Investissements d'avenir en France) : non seulement elles sont les productrices de matériaux/molécules biosourcés d'une énergie renouvelable mais elles fonctionnent aujourd'hui de manière durable.
Remerciements Nous remercions la région  Champagne-Ardenne  pour le financement de la recherche  FASE, ainsi que la SAS PIVERT qui par l'intermédiaire du programme pré-compétitif GENESYS et du financement du projet MIT1  nous a permis de recueillir des données sur Pomacle-Bazancourt. Nous sommes également reconnaissante à Sabrina Brullot qui a encadré la recherche FASE et à  Chaïma Ben Nasr  qui a réalisé les entretiens sur le site de Pomacle comme stagiaire.
( 2011) et d'après Octave et Thomas (2009), la bioraffinerie intégrée correspond peu ou prou aux principes du métabolisme industriel : il s'agit d'usines appartenant à une ou plusieurs entreprises, qui arrivent par exemple à s'organiser pour gérer un approvisionnement commun en matières premières végétales, qui mutualisent la production et distribution d'énergie, et dont les déchets des uns deviennent les intrants des autres. A ce titre les exemples de Pomacle-Bazancourt et d'Örnsköldsvik sont particulièrement illustratifs car des nombreuses synergies existent entre les entités participant à ces clusters agro-ou sylvo-industriels. Ce recours à l'écologie industrielle participe au story-telling (Hajer,Versteeg, 2005) de la durabilité des bioraffineries intégrées et permet d'en justifier politiquement la promotion (au travers du financement de programmes de finances comme les Plans d'Investissements d'avenir en France) : non seulement elles sont les productrices de matériaux/molécules biosourcés d'une énergie renouvelable mais elles fonctionnent aujourd'hui de manière durable.
Session "Emergency preparedness and severe accident impact to the environment" This new Topic in ERMSAR conferences has received a good success since more than 75 persons attended this session in average. The session featured four papers that addressed the Fukushima-Daiichi accidents and some experimental and theoretical studies about radionuclides behaviour in atmospheric aerosols. The first two papers tested against Fukushima data the post-accidental risk models, with emphasis on uncertainty analysis and the ambient dose rate dynamics in the terrestrial affected area: see the selected paper "Uncertainty analysis in post-accidental risk assessment models: An application to the Fukushima accident" by M. Sy and M. Simon-Cornu (IRSN). The last two papers focused on aerosols containing radionuclides, in particular assessing the influence of the electric charge on the wash-out efficiency by rain drops and scavenging by rain at a microphysical scale: see the selected paper "Influence of electric charges on the washout efficiency of atmospheric aerosols by raindrops", by M.
Acknowledgements All the actors of the ERMSAR-2015 conference must be acknowledged, in particular the  CEA/Cadarache  host team (especially  Magali Zabiego ) and the  Technical Programme Committee  (besides the guest editors below,  Christophe Journeau  from  CEA ,  Luis Herranz  from  CIEMAT (Spain) ,  Felice de Rosa  from  ENEA (Italy) ,  François Bréchignac  from  IRSN ,  Ivo Kljenak  from JSI (Slovenia) and  Alexei Miassoedov  from  KIT (Germany) ). Last but not least, this special issue would not have been possible without the help of the Elsevier staff.
Analyse statistique Les statistiques descriptives incluaient pourcentage et fréquences pour les variables non continues avec un intervalle de confiance à 95 %, et moyenne et déviations standard pour les variables continues. Un test de Chi 2 (le test de Fisher si nécessaire) a été utilisé pour les variables non continues. Pour la comparaison de la perte osseuse moyenne des implants solidarisés versus implants non solidarisés, nous avons réalisé un test t de comparaison de deux moyennes qui ont des variances égales. Toutes les analyses statistiques ont été effectuées en utilisant le logiciel Stata SE version 11. 0 software (Stata-Corp LP, College Station, TX, USA, www. stata. com).
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The authors thank  IFP Energies nouvelles, Arkema company , the  European Union   Seventh Framework Program  ( FP7/2007-2013)  under grant agreement No. 241718  Euro-BioRef ,  ADEME , The  Region Bretagne , the bilateral France-Tunisia PHC-UTIQUE No. 09G1203 ,  CNRS , the  French Ministry of Research , the  University of Rennes 1 , for support. Thanks also go to  Umicore Precious Metals Chemistry, Hanau (Germany)  for loan of metathesis catalysts. The authors wish to acknowledge all the students and researchers from academy and industry, whose names appear in the Rennes Catalysis team references for their contribution to the development of this topic.
Acquisition and methodology A UAV, commonly known as a 'drone' is an aircraft without human pilot on board. The UAV used in this study is a modified version of the already-available Skywalker X5 and X8 fixed-wing aircraft reinforced by carbon fibre rods. The drone is launched by hand, flies and takes photos autonomously, then glides and/or parachutes back down to the ground by using a pre-programmed flight plans organized by ground control system, and controlled by the ground control station and remote controller. The autopilot system is composed and modified from the open source APM (Ardupilot Mega 2. 6 autopilot) firmware and open source software Mission Planner, transmitted by ground-air XBee radio telemetry. In order to generate high-resolution digital terrain model (DTM) and mosaic orthorectified images, a total of 6275 photos were gathered by Sony DSC-QX100 and Sony ILCE-QX1 cameras mounted on X5 and X8, respectively.
The total scan covered an area of 34. 78 km 2 with 7. 73 cm ground sampling distance (GSD). The coverage of the adjacent photos is kept at least for 80% overlap and 60% sidelap. The datasets generated in this study are the orthorectified mosaic image and DTMs, with a grid spacing of 7. 73 cm. To get these results, the raw images were processed by Pix4Dmapper and Smart3Dcapture software mutually. In most of the scanned area, the number of overlapping images computed for each pixel of the orthomosaic image is higher than 5 photos. The generated point cloud is as high as 698 million points for the study area. Prior to the morphotectonic analysis, the quality of the dataset needs to be evaluated. The techniques and the quality of the digital surface models (DSMs) can be controlled within a maximum error smaller than 40 cm (ΔZ) following our previous work where we compared such methodology with the ground levelling profiles and airborne LiDAR data in Hualien county, Taiwan  (Huang & Chang 2014).
The same methodology is used in this study to gather and produce the datasets. The principle of the method used in this study is to analyse several photos of a static object taken from different viewpoints, then detect pixels corresponding to a same physical points, automatically. From many such correspondences, the orientation of photos is then calculated. Then the dense point clouds and ortho-rectification is thus generated, correspondingly (Figure  2  À top left). Finally, a 'realistic photo-textured 3D model' is a direct output. For instance, Figure  2 (c) illustrates the details of the eroded gullies situated on the westernmost massive mudstone (Lichi M elange), which plays as an example of the quality of the dataset generated of the study area.
(2001) , and phase stability with time are used to determine which pixels can be considered as PS pixels or slowly-decorrelating filtered phase (SDFP) pixels for SB approach. Then a 3-D phase unwrapping  (Hooper et al. 2007 ) is applied to the combined dataset and further processing for extracting the signal deformation are applied. This algorithm differs from other because full resolution interferograms are used for SB approach and no a priori model of deformation through time is used, but it assumes that deformation and consequently the interferometric phase is spatially correlated. At the end of the MT-InSAR processing chain, a map giving for each pixel its mean velocity along the radar line of sight (over the whole period) and a time series of displacements at each acquisition date are obtained.
Spatial analysis of interseismic creep activity Using the dataset described previously, eight interferograms for the PS method and 16 interferograms for the SB method were formed (Figure  4 ), which gives coherent results despite the few number of resulting interferograms (see  Hooper et al. 2007). It is clear that a reduced amount of dataset reduces a bit the accuracy of our PS InSAR measurements. Dealing with the critical baseline parameter (spatial component), we choose 1100 m, and we choose 930 days for the temporal baseline, these two values seem reasonable for L-band data for such area of Taiwan. Concerning the differential interferograms, the PS approach has also been developed to exploit interferograms with low coherence. As in StaMPS, full interferograms are just used at the beginning of the process, one of its interest is that even on interferograms that look noisy (clearly difficult to read) it is possible to extract pixel information on surface displacements.
We considered herein a 40 m DEM derived from optical data for the generation of the DInSAR results, which is reasonable to remove the topographic component in these ALOS interferograms. The chosen 'Master Image' for PS processing is the 17/12/ 2007 SAR acquisition. At the end of both processes, applying the same selection threshold (0. 4, which is given as a reasonable value by  Hooper et al. 2007 ) and the same per cent of pixels with random phase accepted (10%), 3600 pixels were identified with the PS method, whereas with the SB method 2800 pixels were identified. Finally, more than 6400 pixels were selected over this 53 square kilometres rural area leading to a density of measurements of about 120 pixels/km 2. This density value is a significant improvement compared to the  Peyret et al.
HARTS (Heterogeneous Abstract RunTime System)  [2]  is a runtime system providing abstract concepts to distribute tasks on available computational units in an efficient way. Its purpose is to take advantage of heterogeneous architectures. Whereas different algorithms exist for multi-core architectures, programming efficiently for heterogeneous architectures requires much more effort. A good preconditioner must reduce significantly the conditioning of the matrix, and to be easy to apply. Considering new challenges, the extraction of even more parallelism of algorithms is essential to program efficiently massively parallel architectures. In this way, some preconditioning techniques present interesting characteristics because of their natural partitioning. Multi-Level Domain Decomposition (DDML) methods present such properties.
We show the importance of the choice of a preconditioner according to the underlying architecture. We compare two distinct preconditioning techniques and study their scalability taking advantage of different levels of parallelism and memory, but also their numerical performances by increasing the number of partitions. We limit our study on a quite moderate number of cores to take fully advantage of a computational node before going on a next level of parallelism. In the first section, we review hardware technologies and give an detailed overview of HARTS which provide significant performances on parallel architectures with task-based algorithms. The second section is dedicated to data partitioning taking advantage of different levels of memory. An abstract linear algebra Application Programming Interface (API) implemented with various technologies in a transparent way for users is presented in the third section.
Heterogeneous Abstract RunTime System (HARTS) The popularization of runtime systems such as X-Kaapi  [8] , StarPU  [9]  or OmpSs  [10]  have proven their efficiency on heterogeneous architectures. Among them, HARTS  [2]  relies on abstract concepts between application and hardware to distribute and manage the work flow and the associated data movements. We present in this section, HARTS' key features and give some details of the underlying abstract concepts.
Hardware Topology for Heterogeneous Architectures Thanks to the Hardware Locality software Hwloc  [11] , HARTS has a global view of hardware components. Figure  1  illustrates a hardware topology obtained from a computational node with two sockets which each one contains a octo-core processor with 16 Gb of memory. In such an architecture, data access time depends on memory location so the illustrated architectures is composed of two NUMA (stands for Non Uniform Memory Access) nodes. Static information, which can be used at compile time to generate the appropriate algorithms with the right optimization, lead to a tree generation, where each node is a hardware element. Dynamic information can be used during run time for lowlevel features and optimization. It is represented as argument of a node.
Data Flow Paradigm, Direct Acyclic Graph (DAG) The work flow of an application can be described as a Direct Acyclic Graph (DAG) and then processed by HARTS, which manage the dependencies between tasks. Such dependencies may come from the data flow graph analysis according to task input and output data and their associated access modes. Dependencies can also be expressed explicitly at tasks' creation. A DAG is represented by a collection of root tasks. The addchild method help to create relationship dependencies between tasks. Walking along the graph consists in iterating on each task and on its children.
Sparse Matrix Vector Product This benchmark consists in performing 10 3 SpMV products with various matrices of distinct and representative sizes. As the SpMV is one of the most important operation performed in iterative linear solvers, the performance results obtained in this benchmark are representative of that can be expected for the whole solver. The METIS graph partitioner has been used to partition data and parallelize algorithms with tasks. We have used a round-robin affinity strategy to bind threads to core. The performance results for each matrix are gathered in Figure  7. We have tested a family of six linear systems extracted from a reservoir simulator. We give for each systems its size (the number of rows and unknowns). For each linear system, the benchmark has been executed with 1, 2, 4, 8, 10, 12, 14 and 16 threads.
We compare the performance of the HARTS implementation to a hand written one with the pthread library. For small benchmarks, even if threads can benefit from cache effect, the performances are affected by the cost small data communication between threads. Increasing the size of processed data highlights the performance of the runtime system comparing to pthread implementation. Once data are stored in cache memory, communication does not impact any more the performance. Larger benchmarks accentuate the fact that data locality is primordial for parallelism. The peak of performance is reached for more than eight threads as data is well distributed among sockets and as the runtime system's cost is negligible in comparison of data computation. All the obtained results underline the cost of the runtime systems, which overhead seems not important even negligible for large linear systems.
l'expérience des enfants, tout en les incitant à produire un récit adéquat au thème pédagogique visé par l'enseignant. Par exemple, les projets thématiques autour des animaux sont récurrents en maternelles, les récits d'expérience de chaque enfant pourraient donc alimenter ce thème sans difficulté. Dans ce contexte, la diversité des expériences des enfants pourrait constituer un matériau premier pour des activités pédagogiques ultérieures. • D'autre part, concevoir des instruments de transition nécessite d'articuler des artefacts collectifs et individuels. Ceci nécessiterait de concevoir une base de donnée pédagogique ouverte pouvant être alimentée par les artefacts individuels de chaque enfant relatifs à leur exploration du monde. Dans cette perspective, chaque enfant serait l'auteur des contenus extraits d'une diversité de supports et rassemblés pour construire un référentiel commun qui aurait pour vocation d'alimenter cette base de donnée pédagogique.
Remerciements -Ce travail a bénéficié du concours de différents chercheurs qui ont accepté de partager avec nous leur expertise et bien souvent de nous transmettre des données inédites en leur possession. Ainsi,  Benoît Roux et Martijn van den Bel  nous ont transmis des sources historiques inédites. Joanna Ostapkowicz ,  Lee Newsom et Arie Boomert nous ont communiqué une quantité importante de données qui nous ont permis d'établir un panorama nous l 'espérons clair et exhaustif concernant les pagaies archéologiques antillaises. Merci enfin aux évaluateurs du Journal de la société des américanistes, leur lecture attentive et leurs remarques avisées nous ont permis de largement améliorer la qualité de cet article.
Une première station de référence fournit des corrections en temps réel à une station mobile permettant d'atteindre une précision de l'ordre du centimètre. La précision nominale typique pour ces systèmes est de 1 cm horizontalement et 2 cm verticalement en moyenne. A la suite de cette première collecte, dans l'optique de relever l'ensemble des blocs et de disposer ainsi d'un plan dit "pierre à pierre", une double campagne de photographies a été réalisée qui associe des images aériennes à très basse altitude produites à l'aide d'un drone DJI Phantom 3 piloté par K. Konuk et des photographies terrestres. Plus de 2000 images ont été ainsi collectées. Cette masse d'images permettra, après traitement, de modéliser l'état du site en 3D et de produire, sur la base de modèles photogrammétriques, une base de données géographique détaillée des vestiges de l'agora que nous pourrons compléter durant les campagnes suivantes.
Inventaire des blocs du Portique Ouest de l'agora Nécessaire à la compréhension des édifices de l'agora en vue de leur restitution et indispensable pour une perception fine de leurs particularités, une campagne d'inventaire des blocs disponibles a été lancée par E. Le Quéré, assistée des trois étudiants. Ce travail a pris la forme d'une base de données enregistrant systématiquement tous les blocs architecturaux de l'agora. Durant cette campagne 2016, c'est sur le Portique Ouest que se sont concentrés les efforts (Fig. 1 ). Ce portique est délimité au Nord et au Sud par deux piliers cordiformes qui assurent la jonction avec les Portiques Nord et Sud de l'agora. Long de 70 m (longueur interne, entre les piliers cordiformes), il présente un relativement bon état de conservation sur sa façade : nous disposons de la plupart des blocs de l'entablement, ainsi que de très nombreux fragments de colonnes, dont plusieurs en place, qui permettent de calculer l'entrecolonnement et de restituer ainsi 24 colonnes entre les deux piliers cordiformes.