dataesr/scientific-paragraphs-categorization huggingface dataset:
Tile-plots of the mean estimated ̂ BIC (across 500 simulated datasets) for each model and each simulation scenario. True values of state dependence (e γ on the Odds-Ratio scale) and HPDH (σ repro ) are on the x-and y-axes, respectively. Each panel corresponds to one of the four models used to analyze data. Vertical black lines bracket scenarios in which  HPDH is the true data-generating mechanism. Horizontal black lines bracket scenarios in which  NTLH is the true data-generating mechanism. At the intersection,  nil is the true data-generating mechanism. Everywhere else,  full is the true data-generating mechanism. The best predictive model, which would be selected for inference, has the largest weight. Actual values (rounded to one decimal) are displayed on each tile (Munoz & Huneman, 2016)s would equate a trade-off between current reproduction or future survival as evidence of neutrality.
Remerciements Nous remercions vivement  Constantina Badea  pour ses précieux conseils et contributions ainsi que le programme Capes-Cofecub pour son soutien au projet  « Justice  sociale, reconnaissance et dynamiques identitaires de femmes migrantes » dans lequel est insérée l'étude. Nous remercions également  Isabelle Régner  ainsi que les deux experts anonymes mandatés par la revue pour leurs conseils et leur examen minutieux de l'article.
Sample and data collection We tested these hypotheses using data from a questionnaire mail survey of senior managers in MNE subsidiaries in China in 2011. There are a number of reasons as to why China was deemed an ideal setting to study the impact of turbulence on subsidiary performance and the interaction effects with GI, LR and local hires. First, China is the world's second-largest economy and the largest emerging economy. It has become one of the top countries for foreign direct investment (FDI) from foreign MNEs (Reuters, 2013). Second, China has been regarded as turbulent as it runs the course of economic liberalization and transformation. These massive changes pose severe challenges to MNE subsidiaries operating in China. Finally, China is a relevant example of an emerging economy that can be informative for other emerging economies, with its rapid pace of economic development and adoption of policies that favor a free market system  (Li et al.
And the algorithm can produce an exact solution within reasonable computation time, which help the airport managers decide departure scheduling scheme satisfying nowait constraint, and minimize the total weighted delay cost. The contribution of this paper may include: (i) we creatively apply a two-stage no-wait hybrid flow-shop model to the multi-airport scheduling problem, to minimize the total weighted delay cost. (ii) A CPLEX algorithm is developed and implemented to obtain exact solutions within acceptable computation time, which help to sequence departure flights in different airports without waiting in the air. The paper is organized as follows. Section 2 describes the Multi-Airport Departure Scheduling Problem (MADSP) in details. In Section 3 we present an integer program model and CPLEX to obtain reasonable solutions.
In addition to establishing a legal framework for the creation of regular security firms, the Convivir policy was also supposed to prevent the formation of illegal "selfdefense" groups. Consequently, my analysis will follow two complementary approaches. First, Convivir will be assessed as an example of the government of violence, formulated at the crossroads of counterinsurgent en-deavors and regulatory preoccupations. Second, it will be analyzed as a practice of government through violence, as it created a common ground for collaboration between the military, the local elites, and privateviolence professionals. The data used in this contribution were gathered through fieldwork and archival research undertaken during a period of 12 months in different regions of Colombia. They were collected as a part of my doctoral thesis on the links between paramilitary groups and the state, which was recently published in French  (Grajales 2016a)  and Spanish  (Grajales 2017).
Demographic and clinical data were collected. Serum samples were collected and analysed using immunological assays relevant for HIV (Genscreen HIV-1 version 2, Bio-Rad®, Marne la Roquette, France). HTLV-1 (Vironostika HTLV-1, Biomérieux®, Marcy l'Etoile, France), T. pallidum (TPHA/VDRL), BIOLABO®SA), rubella virus (Vidas Biomerieux®, Marcy l'Etoile, France) and T. gondii (Vidas Biomerieux®, Marcy l'Etoile, France) diagnoses were performed. Data analysis was done using the Stat view 5. 0 software. Results: A total of 973 pregnant women were assessed. The mean age was 25. 84 ± 6. 9 years, with a minimum age of 14. 0 years and a maximum of 45. 0 years. Women from 26 to 45 years old and unemployed women were the most prevalent: 41. 93% and 77. 18%, respectively. The prevalence of studied infectious diseases were 2.
Population and study sites The following Franceville health facilities were included: a Mother and Child Health office (In French, Santé Maternelle et Infantile, SMI), two reference hospitals (the Centre Hospitalier Régional "AmissaBongo" de Franceville, CHRABF, and the "Hôpital de l' Amitié Sino-Gabonaise, HASG), as well as a private health center (Ménaye) in Franceville. We included pregnant women after obtaining their written informed consent and performing the antenatal care at the study sites. This retrospective study was conducted on data collected during a cross-sectional study of HTLV-1that occurred from May 2007 to July 2010. Age and social status (i. e. worker, student, unemployed) were collected as demographic data.
Acknowledgments We are grateful to all the pregnant women and their families who accepted to participate in the study, as well as the staff of the  Santé Maternelle et Infantile de Franceville (SMI) , the staff of the two referent hospitals (the  Centre Hospitalier Régional Amissa Bongo de Franceville  and the  Hôpital de l'Amitié Sino-Gabonaise ), and the staff of the Ménaye private clinic in Franceville. We also wish to thank the staff of the  Centre International de Recherches Médicales de Franceville (CIRMF)  for performing all the lab tests (particularly S. Etenna Lekana-Douki  and  M. Caron ). We thank  Heïdi Lançon  for the English revision of the manuscript.
My corpus -or rather set of data -used to refer to physical and mental illness is composed of lexemes and phrases used to refer to diseases and illness, directly or indirectly. The lexical occurrences were retrieved from a variety of sources, such as Internet blogs, web sites, everyday conversations (in everyday life, on TV, on the radio, etc. ) as well as dictionaries and corpora such as the Corpus of Contemporary American English and Sketch Engine. The article will start with a discursive presentation of how speakers use language to euphemize in discourse, to lead to an analysis based on the code, when the ad-hoc euphemistic discursive occurrences are eventually integrated into the language as neologisms per se. In the first part (Key concepts: neologism, taboo, taboo language, euphemism, dysphemism and orthophemism), I will briefly define key concepts, such as "neologism", "taboo", "taboo language", "euphemism", "dysphemism" and "orthophemism"; then, in the The Neological Functions of Disease Euphemisms in English and French: Verbal.
Study design and participants Participants were selected from the multi-center OPTISCREEN-B study, which took place in the Paris, France metropolitan region from 2011-2012 [14,15]. Briefly, the study was conducted in two phases. The first phase was a cross-sectional study aimed at evaluating several rapid test candidates that could detect serological markers commonly used in HBV screening. The second phase was a parallel-group, randomized trial aimed at comparing the use of standard HBV serological tests versus rapid tests (NCT01767597). Participant recruitment occurred at 10 primary healthcare centers, with various objectives related to HBV screening, vaccination, and care -three were sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinics, three were clinics with predominately general practitioners, three focused on immigrant health, and one on incarcerated individuals.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We wish to thank all study participants as well as all medical and paramedical centers participating in the study,  Tabassome Simon  and nurses from the  CRC-Est , and the data management center, especially  Frederic Chau ,  Frederic Fotre ,  Sylvain Bitschine ,  Isabelle Goderel  and  Gregory Pannetier. We also acknowledge  Samia Hicham ,  Judith Leblanc ,  Manuela Sébire-Le Cam ,  Farid Djoumad ,  Julie Lamarque , and  Christelle Pauleau  for their extraordinary effort in data collection.
Supported by the  ANRS (Agence Nationale de Recherche contre le Sida et les Hépatites)  and  Mairie de Paris , No. 2010-334. Other unrestricted grants were received by  Gilead Sciences and Roche. A post-doctoral fellowship from the  ANRS  and SIDACTION was awarded to  A. B. for some of the work presented in this manuscript. Institutional review board statement: The study was approved by the  Hôtel-Dieu Hospital Ethics Committee (Paris, France ) in accordance with the  Helsinki Declaration. gov,no. NCT01767597.
Fig. 1  Life expectancy at birth in Czech Republic,  France, Poland and Russia, 1950-2014. Source: Own elaboration based on  Bolesławski (1996) , Human Mortality Database  (2015)  major needs of the time, principally through an active maternity policy and massive immunization programs. As this phase of growth lasted longer in Poland than in the Czech Republic, the former managed to catch up with the latter in terms of life expectancy: in 1966, the difference between Czech and Polish life expectancies was as low as 0. 5 years for males and 0. 9 years for females. In 1961 life expectancy in the Czech Republic was close to the values registered in France; thereafter, the trends between the two countries started to diverge. In the second period, the Czech Republic saw a decrease in life expectancy that lasted from 1961 until 1969, followed by a very slow increase from 1969 until 1990, while Poland experienced a decrease for males and a very slow increase for females from 1966 until 1991.
At the same time, health policies in Central and Eastern Europe did not respond efficiently and flexibly to these emerging epidemiologic threats. In the countries of Central and Eastern Europe, large population groups exhibited very unfavourable tendencies which, over the following three decades, contributed to a major health crisis  (Okolski 1985). Between 1961 and 1990 , life expectancy in the Czech Republic decreased by 0. 1 years for men and increased by 1. 8 years for women  (Human Mortality Database 2015). In Poland, the health crisis appeared to be more severe for males, whose life expectancy at birth decreased by 0. 8 years , while that of females increased by 2. 2 years. As these changes were particularly disadvantageous for males in Poland, the difference in male life expectancy between the two countries under analysis increased anew and in 1991 reached 2.
For instance, causes of death such as alcohol abuse, chronic liver disease, cirrhosis and accidental poisoning by alcohol were grouped into one category of alcoholrelated causes. Furthermore, we used the Andreev method for the decomposition of life table changes by age, and by age and causes of death  (Andreev 1982; Andreev et al. 2002). Age components of life expectancy changes were computed from 1950, whereas age and cause components were worked out from 1968 because reconstructed data by single cause do not exist for the earlier period for every country under study.
Acknowledgements This study was financed under the project  MODICOD 'Le projet AXA Mortality Divergence and Causes of Death ' and the project  DIMOCHA   ' Project  ANR-12-FRAL-0003-01   DIMOCHA '. The authors would like to thank  France Mesle ,  Jacques Vallin ,  Domantas Jasilionis ,  Vladimir Shkolnikov  and anonymous reviewers for their kind advice and insightful comments on the paper. Agnieszka Fihel  would also like to express her gratitude to  Marek Oko  ´lski for his many years of guidance and encouragement. Marek Oko  ´lski's papers on the health crisis in Poland and other Central European countries were suspended by the censorship in the 1980s. Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4. 0 International License (http://creativecommons.
main effect of ECV). Finally, in contrast to Volterra kernel magnitudes, we found no difference in Volterra decay rates across species. This means that the effective number of past trials that was impacting on subjects' behavioural responses was the same for all species. In other terms, all species learned from the same amount of past remembered/attended actions and outcomes, but they differed in how they learned. Taken together, this makes domain-general cognitive competence an unlikely confounding factor for our computational results. One may also question the robustness and/or efficiency of our computational approach. First, recall that Bayesian inference is immune to the statistical criticisms that have been raised against the use of p-values in classical inference  [73] [74] [75]. Nevertheless, one may wonder whether our model-based Bayesian data analysis may not be somehow biased towards ToMcompatible models, eventually yielding artefactual results.
Second, although less sensitive, the results of performance and Volterra analyses are consistent with our model-based conclusions (cf. Figs  4  and 5 ). This provides construct validity to our computational approach. Finally, one may argue that our sample of selected species is too small for drawing any definitive conclusion. We acknowledge that, in statistical terms, our sample size is arguably limited (n = 7 primate species and about 5 individuals per species). However, it is largely exceeding the standards in the field, in which data availability is a known issue  [76, 77]. Besides, it is in fact remarkable that we detect our effect of interest in the context of such small-powered study. Equipped with computational means for discriminating learning styles, we have separated learning styles that do rely on mentalizing from learning styles that do not.
Statistical data analyses Our statistical data analysis proceeds in three steps of increasing specificity, namely: multiple regression of behavioural performances, Volterra decompositions of trial-by-trial choice sequences and Bayesian model comparison. All statistical analyses were performed using the VBA toolbox  [87]. First, let us summarize our random-effect analysis of performance. As a preliminary stage, we regressed out the effect of session repetition and time elapsed since the last experimental session from measured individual performances. We then reported the adjusted individual performance scores per opponent at the group level. We regressed performance against the effect of species, opponent (conditions RB, 0-ToM and 1-ToM), and their interaction. In addition to subject-specific intercepts, we also included the interactions of the opponent effect with age (normalized by species-specific life time expectancy in the wild), sex and rearing (wild vs captivity).
Acknowledgments We thank the  Bioparco di Roma , the zoo of  Saint Martin La Plaine , the  ICM  and the  Menagerie du Jardin des Plantes  for allowing us to pursue our research on their animals. Particularly, we thank the scientific directors,  Fulvio Fraticelli ,  Michel Saint-Jalme , Pierre and  Eliane Thivillon , and  Yitzhak Yadid  as well as  Pilar Di Cerbo  for their logistic support. We also thank all zoo keepers who tested the different individuals, at Bioparco:  Fabio Ferretti ,  Sara Scire ,  Maria Ravagli ,  Benedetta Pellegrini ,  Monica Cianfrini ,  Ilaria Alvino ; at  Saint Martin La Plaine Espace Zoologique: Romain ,  Corentin Surmont ,  Lois Roger-Bocabarteille ,  Vincent Gauffreau ,  Nicolas Picouet ,  Blaise Morel ,  Jean Michelle Caillaud ; at the  Menageriedu Jardin de Plantes :  Christelle Hano ,  Annabelle Jamard , Christophe, Valerie.
The transcripts were entered into HyperRESEARCH (ResearchWare Inc, Version 3. 0) to facilitate coding and analysis of the data. From the transcripts, A. T. identified and summarized the key considerations, challenges, and recommendations with regards to developing and implementing a core outcome set for hemodialysis. All participants and contributors received a draft workshop report to provide feedback within a two-week timeframe. Additional comments were integrated into the final report.
Acknowledgments The  SONG-HD Workshop Investigators are as follows (United States unless otherwise indicated ):  Allan Collins ,  Hennepin Healthcare System Inc, University of Minnesota ;  Andrew Narva ,  National Institutes of Health (NIH) ;  Benedicte Sautenet ,  The University of Sydney, Australia ;  Billy Powell ,  Baylor College of Medicine ;  Brenda Hurd ,  Baylor College of Medicine; Brendan Barrett, Memorial University, Canada ;  Brigitte Schiller ,  Satellite Healthcare ;  Bruce Culleton ,  Baxter International ;  Carmel Hawley ,  University of Queensland, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Australia ;  Carol Pollock ,  The University of Sydney ,  Royal North Shore Hospital, Australia ;  Charmaine Lok ,  University Health Network, Canada ;  Christoph Wanner ,  Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Germany ;  Christopher Chan ,  University Health Network, Canada ;  Daniel Weiner ,  Tufts Medical Center; David Harris, The University of Sydney, Westmead Hospital, Australia ;  David Johnson ,  University of Queensland, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Australia ;  David Rosenbloom , ESRD Network 18;  Dena Rifkin ,  University of California San Diego ;  Deshia Bookman ,  Baylor College of Medicine ;  Edwina Brown ,  Imperial College London, United Kingdom ;  Elena Bavlovlenkov ,  Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Service (CMS) ;  Francesca Tentori ,  Arbor Research Collaborative for Health; Jack Williams, Harbor-University of California Los Angeles Medical Center ;  Jane Schell ,  University of Pittsburgh ;  Jennifer Flythe ,  University of North Carolina ;  Joachim Ix ,  University of California San Diego ;  Jochen Raimann ,  Renal Research Institute ;  Joel Andress ,  CMS ;  John Agar ,  University Hospital Geelong, Australia ;  John Daugirdas ,  University of Illinois ;  John Gill ,  University of British Columbia, St.
Sources and methodologies This research note is supported by a database (built by us within the framework of the European project Interco-SSH) comprising 198 "French" journals classified in 2013 by the Agence d'Évaluation de la Recherche et de l'Enseignement Supérieur (AERES 4 ) in the fields of Economics-Management (n=82), Sociology-Demography (n=76), Anthropology (n=62), or Political Science (n=54). After 2008, AERES established the lists of journals according to disciplines (or disciplines' ensembles in the case of, for example, Economics-Management and Sociology-Demography) in order to help research evaluation activities. Each list is the product of the disciplinary commissions, which propose regular updating 5. The same journals may be classified under different lists at the same time.
[…]By bringing together in one publication the same theme, with the requirements that we have just stated, the work of researchers from different branches of the sciences of man and society, "Espace, Populations, Sociétés" desires to offer a meeting platform that allows everyone to preserve the originality of their own approach to a discipline, while participating in the necessary communication between neighboring sciences without which there can be no progress of knowledge. These journals sometimes privilege both denominations "Social Sciences" or "Society Sciences", some other times that of "Human and Social Sciences" -although more rarely, undoubtedly considering that disciplines like History are underrepresented in our database (they are present except when they are classified elsewhere under one of the subject areas selected by our survey) -the denominations "Sciences of Man" or "Human Sciences".
Sociology at the heart of the "Social Sciences" If some combinations are introduced by the same principle of breaking down lists in "disciplines' ensembles", others only appear when we observe which disciplinary fields are covered in more detail by the journals classified under several lists. To highlight the uneven frequency of interdisciplinary connections made by journals, we present two graphics inspired by the network analysis made with the support of Ucinet software. Figure  1  shows the connections between disciplines (the sample consists of the journals classified under Sociology-Demography, Economics-Management, Political Science, Anthropology, Psychology and Philosophy, some of them being also classified under other disciplines such as Education Sciences, Epistemology. ). The stroke enlarges according to the number of journals classified under two connected disciplines' ensembles.
This means that the French communities of sociologists and political scientists are now permeable, as shown by the procedures for qualification of lecturers' functions by CNU sections for these two disciplines: they share indeed many regularly co-qualified. , the disciplinary couple which undoubtedly emerges most clearly from our sample of journals is that formed by Sociology and Political Science: 34 journals in our database are 878 DADOS -Revista de Ciências Sociais, Rio de Janeiro, vol. 60, n o 3, 2017 The Sociology-Demography field also maintains numerous connections with Sciences et techniques des activités sportives (Staps): 34% of journals classified as Sociology-Demography are also in this field. It is interesting to note two opposite practices by such thematic and interdisciplinary fields.
Thus, just as Psychology (highly connected with Neuroscience), Economics appears mainly as one of the few sections of the field "Law, Literature and Humanities" to turn to the sections of the field "Natural Sciences". It is interesting to note here that among the journals classified by AERES in the field Economics-Management, many of them are not accessible on the web portals which French sociologists or historians typically use (Cairn, revues. org, persee). It concerns mainly Management journals, which number has increased in recent decades. Of the 82 French journals in our database classified by AERES in the field "Economics-Management", nearly a third relate primarily to.
4 For Mi-Ying (living in Paris) and Michael (living in the Geneva region), online bookstores are the favorite providers of books, in any language. Even though they would prefer brick and mortar bookshops, Mikel and Chloé have bought some books online to compensate for the generally low editorial supply in their rural area. in the French Basque Country. That is no longer the case since he has a tablet computer and buys books on the iTunes bookstore. Elvis:. Maintenant que y'a les tablettes, enfin que tu peux les acheter sur Internet, les télécharger, t'as beaucoup plus de choix. Beaucoup plus de choix ! D'ailleurs, c'est total quoi, choix complet. [Elvis:. Now that tablets exist, or rather you can buy them online, download them, you have much larger choice. Much larger choice! It's actually a total, complete choice.
, 2001) , which involved going beyond examination of black-letter law to understand the organization, practices and animating ideas of regulatory rule-setting and compliance activities. To that end we triangulated an in-depth literature review and policy document analysis with an extensive programme of interviews (n > 40) in each country with key regulatory officials, insurance and professional associations, business and labour groups, some of whom also provided feedback on earlier drafts. Interviews were transcribed and coded with QDA software for a qualitative analysis guided by VoC expectations but were also used for inductive identification of other institutional drivers of regulatory variety.