dataesr/scientific-paragraphs-categorization huggingface dataset:
Compared to cooked ham, the difference is probably largely due to the extent of the contribution of ham production and storage on the distribution and product use stages. Therefore, in our study we considered more impacts. In addition, according to Reckmann et al. [72] , the nonrenewable energy demand is 19. 5 MJ. kg -1 for slaughtered pork, with a contribution of 13% for the slaughtering stage. In this respect, the conventionally cooked ham had a very high energy consumption (87. 7%), with a contribution of 10% from slaughtering. The breed from the previous study conducted in Sweden was not the same type of breed that is used in France because, according to the Agribalyse database, the nonrenewable energy consumption for a conventional pig raised in France is equal to 17. 3 MJ. kg -1 pork (live weight).
Washes and antibody incubation were performed with a 1:10 dilution of BD Perm/Wash TM buffer (BD Biosciences Transduction Laboratories, Null, San Jose, CA, USA). In another set of experiments, frozen sections were used for the in situ detection of O 2 -with the oxidative fluorescent dye dihydroethidine (DHE; Sigma, France) in PBS. DHE oxidizes to EtBr in the presence of O 2 -and it shows a red fluorescence. A Nikon A1-RS inverted laser scanning confocal microscope (Nikon Instruments Europe BV, Amsterdam, Netherlands) was used for the optical sectioning of the tissue. Digital image recording was performed using the NIS element software (Nikon Instruments Europe BV, Amsterdam, Netherlands). The images were analyzed and processed by ImageJ-win32 software (https://imagej. net/ (accessed on 17 February 2021)) by merging the red fluorescence of iNOS, COX-2, NF-κB p65/Rel A or DHE and the blue fluorescence of nuclei stained with DAPI.
For aortas, the green autofluorescence of elastin was also merged to better localize the inflammatory protein immunostaining or oxidative stress staining in the vascular wall. The presence of the NF-κB subunit p65/Rel A within cell nuclei was evidenced by the white spots that the software that were interpreted as co-localization of red and blue staining. Semi-quantitative analysis of liver, kidney, aorta, and heart iNOS and COX-2 immunostainings was performed by ImageJ-win32 software evaluating the red fluorescence of the confocal microscopy images that were acquired from the sections of the organs harvested from the WT or KO mice sacrificed 6 h after i. p. injection of saline solution or LPS (40 mg/kg). Red fluorescence was expressed in arbitrary units.
Acknowledgments: We thank  Philippe Hulin  and  Steven Nedellec  and the platform MicroPicell ( SFR Francois Bonamy, Nantes ) for the technical assistance in confocal microscopy. We also thank  Chantal Gautier ,  Benjamin Lauzier ,  Bertrand Rozec  ( UMR 1087 ,  Nantes ) for interesting scientific discussions and  Lorena Di Toma  for preliminary tests realized to solubilize the  HTS13286  compound. Helpful suggestions from  Marcello Chieppa  are acknowledged. Financial support to G. C. from Italian " Programmi di Ricerca Scientifica di Rilevante Interesse Nazionale 2017 " ( PRIN2017 ; grant #  2017J92TM5 ) is gratefully acknowledged. This work was partially financed by  Genavie Foundation  (grant # 20190222-AT ) to A. T.
The simulations have been done using the method developed in  [16]  applying open-access code WavePropaGator (WPG)  [19, 20]. In our modeling, the XFEL beam with a photon energy of 7 keV irradiates the object directly without focusing (SPring-8 Angstrom Compact free electron laser-SACLA, Japan). Divergence of the beam is taken of 2. 4 µrad, the size of the beam in the plane of an object is 1 mm (in full width at half maximum) and intensity profile is Gaussian. The object is a complex three-dimensional (3D) RTI target consists of a layer of brominated plastic (C 8 H 7 Br, density 1. 54 g/cm 3 ), polyamide cylinder with a diameter of 1 mm (the wall thickness of 40 µm), which enfolds the brominated layer, and a low-density foam (a resorcinol formaldehyde (C 15 H 12 O 4 ), density 100 mg/cm 3 ) which fills the cylinder and attaches the brominated layer.
Extent of lesion TH staining in the striatum was quantified by optical density (OD) as previously described  (Arotcarena et al. , 2019). Sections were scanned in an Epson expression 10000XL high-resolution scanner, and images were analyzed in ImageJ open source software. For SN TH positive cell counts, 5 sections of the rostro-caudal SN were used per animal. THpositive SN cells were counted by stereology, using a Leica DM-6000B microscope coupled with the Mercator Pro software (Explora Nova) by experimenter blind with sample group. The SN was delineated for each section, and probes for stereological counting were applied to the map obtained (probe size was 50 × 40 spaced by 150x120μm). Only THpositive cells with its nucleus included in the probe or crossing the green line of the probe were counted.
α-Synuclein pathology For the α-syn immunostaining, high-resolution whole colour slide images were first acquired with the 3DHistech Pannoramic Scanner at the 20 × magnification, with 5 layers in extended mode. Each image was opened in the off-line Mercator Pro software (Explora Nova), and the mapping of all regions of interest was made. Then the threshold surface analysis was conducted to quantify antibody-based staining in the region of interest as previously described  (Arotcarena et al. , 2019). Briefly, brightness and contrast rules were applied to the RGB pictures to optimize details. The colour thresholding tool was then used to select the threshold corresponding specifically to the brown colour revealed by the DAB staining. In each region, the software extracted the surface corresponding to the threshold defined.
Statistics Statistical analyses were performed in GraphPad Prism 8. 0 software. Since the study was exploratory, it was powered according to initial investigations. The extent of LB-induced degeneration was however such that far more animals would have been needed for applying twoway ANOVAs (treatment and hemisphere as variables). After completion of this pilot experiments, studies involving twice the number of animals must be performed for authorizing the use of two-way ANOVA. Normal populations were therefore analyzed by unpaired two-tailed ttest (paired for contralateral vs ipsilateral comparisons). For all statistical tests, the level of significance was set to P < 0. 05. Discrete data are represented as mean ± SEM unless specified otherwise.
Uninjected parabiont mice are unaffected The brains of the uninjected parabiont were investigated in the same manner and compared to the LB-injected parabiont as well as to the vehicle-treated mice and their parabionts. The uninjected parabiont mice neither showed a loss of nigral TH-positive neurons and a striatal dopaminergic terminal loss (Fig. 3B-C ). No overt changes in α-synrelated histopathological markers (Fig. 3D-E ) were observed. Interestingly, and at odds with the primate data  (Arotcarena et al. , 2020) , α-syn serum levels were not different between vehicle or LB-injected mice or their parabionts (Fig. 3F  and Supplementary Fig. 1E ). In addition, we checked that α-syn serum levels are not different between vehicleinjected controls (n = 3) and LB-injected mice (n = 5) in a nonparabiont experimental design (p = 0.
Acknowledgements This work was supported by  National Natural Science Foundation of China Grant  ( 31970510 ,  81941012 ),  CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences (CIFMS)  grant ( 2016-I2M-2-006 ,  2016-I2M-1-010 ) and  SAFEA: Introduction of Overseas Talents in Cultural and Educational Sector  ( G20190001626 ). We wish to express our gratitude to the  Netherlands Brain Bank  for providing the human samples and to  Floriane Louboutin ,  Alexandre Boissonnas ,  Christophe Combadiere  and  Pauline Hamon  for their help in teaching the parabiosis procedure («  CHemokines In Pathology and Inflammation » (CHIPI) Team Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses -CIMI-Paris UPMC -Inserm U1135 -CNRS ERL 825 Faculté de Médecine Pitié-Salpêtrière ).
Data and sample collection. For each patient, a survey questionnaire was completed with data on sociodemographic characteristics including gender, age, marital status and education level. Information on HIV infection, including clinical stage at inclusion, HAART regimen in accordance with the guidelines of the Congo and date of initiation, CD4 count cells, as well as information's on sexual behaviour (number of different partners, condoms using, homosexuality, history of sexually transmitted infection (STI)) were collected. For each patient, whole blood, serum and oral dry swab were collected. Within the following hour, the samples were transferred to the Brazzaville University Hospital Laboratory and then stored at -80 °C. All samples were HHV-8 serology. Sera were tested for HHV-8 antibodies directed against LANA-1 IgG (latency associated nuclear antigen) by an indirect immunofluorescence assay using the BC-3 cell line infected with HHV-8 but not with Epstein Barr virus, as described previously  50.
Sanger sequencing of ORF-K1 and typing. A 679 base pair (bp) fragment of ORF-K1 including the 2 hypervariable regions, was amplified by nested PCR, as previously described  20. After multiple alignment of nucleotide ORF-K1 sequences (including reference sequences collected on NCBI database) with Mafft7, phylogenetic analysis was performed with PhyML3. 0, GTR model and 1000 bootstraps resampling.
Statistical analysis. Field and laboratory data were entered in Excel version 2016. Continuous variables were expressed as medians with interquartile ranges [IQR], and discrete variables as numbers and percentages. GraphPad software was used to perform nonparametric tests, Mann-Whitney U tests for quantitative data, Fisher exact t or Chi2 square tests for qualitative data and p < 0. 05 was considered significant. Univariable and multivariable (including gender, age, education level, sex workers, men who have sex with men (MSM), blood transfusion, circumcision, history of STIs, multiple sex partners before HIV diagnosis, unprotected sex, intravenous drug users (IDUs), history of surgery and CD4 count cells) logistic regression analyses were performed to identify risk factors associated with HHV-8 infection.
GenBank new sequence accession numbers were as follows: HT243_Oralsample_ CongoBraz: MW892531; EE138_Oralsample_CongoBraz: MW892532; MM003_Oralsample_CongoBraz: MW892533; MM024_Oralsample_CongoBraz: MW892534; CHI125_WBsample_CongoBraz: MW892535; CT282_Oralsample_CongoBraz: MW892536.
Acknowledgements This work received a grant from the  Agence Nationale de Recherche sur le SIDA Maladies Infectieuses Emergentes, ANRS-MIE (Medical Virology   AC43 ). We would like to thank  L. A Paela Moufoura Moulouna ,  Joravie Attaly Auccou  and  Dominique Nsonde Mahambou  for the support in the data and sample collection.
Saliva viral load Whole blood viral load Subtype GenBank accession numbers Log Log HT-243 Female 42 2. 95 Undetectable A MW892531 EE-138 Female 65 3. 25 Undetectable A MW892532 MM-003 Male 30 3. 57 Undetectable A MW892533 MM-024 Female 54 4. 83 Undetectable C MW892534 CHI-125 Male 46 undetectable 2. 57 B MW892535 CT-282 Male 26 2. 63 Undetectable B MW892536 HM-034 Female 30 2. 68 0. 35 NA CHH-099 Female 29 3. 54 3. 28 NA HT-178 Male 53 1. 01 1. 15 NA HT-204 Male 45 3. 14 Undetectable NA CT-295 Female 30 2. 85 Undetectable NA MM-015 Female 54 undetectable 2. 04 NA CHI-094 Female 52 undetectable 1. 36 NA.
The Characteristics of Selected VLEs Systems Three newly discovered sets of VLEs (pDH4A/B/C, pDH5A/B, and pDH6A/B) were selected for next-generation sequencing. They were isolated from strains acquired from cheeses produced in Germany, Poland, and Denmark (strains 4e, 5c, and 7g). The libraries were made from DNA fractions containing a mixture of linear DNA plasmids separated from mitochondrial and nuclear DNA by ultracentrifugation in CsCl-bisbenzimide gradient (Figure  S4 ). This approach was not previously used in the preparation of yeast VLEs for sequencing. So far, labour-intensive purification of individual molecules and their subsequent Sanger-based sequencing has been conducted  [24, 26, [55] [56] [57] [58]. Overlapping reads were assembled into contigs which were compared with GenBank nucleotide database using blastn  [59].
The minimal ORF coding capacity was set to 70 aa as genes encoding 70 aa polypeptides were discovered on pGKL2 and pSKL and proved to be functional  [62]. The annotated sequences of pDH4A/B/C, pDH5A/B, and pDH6A/B were deposited in GenBank under the following accession numbers: MF795091/MF795092/MF795093, KX904874/ KX904875, and KX858805/ KX904876, respectively. All new VLEs turned out to be extremely A+T rich (73-76%) and compact in structure, exactly as for previously known plasmids. Their coding capacity was also very high; 75-83% and 88-90% for non-autonomous and autonomous molecules, respectively. At both ends of all analysed VLEs, terminal inverted repeats (TIR) strictly specific to the element type were found (Figures  2  and 3 ). Those with a length of 715-716 bp detected on autonomous elements turned out to be about 230 bp longer than the longest TIRs previously reported on pSKL.
The post-translational modifications by KEX1/KEX2 are necessary for the secretion of active killer toxins encoded both chromosomally and by VLEs (for a review, see  [81] ). Further, ORF2p secondary structure analysis with Phobius  [82]  showed that probably the fragment involved in chitin-binding and its cleavage is localized on the outer side of the cell membrane of the target yeast or mould cell, then, there is one transmembrane region followed by the element of the DNA digesting activity located on the cytoplasmic side. In the case of the remaining proteins potentially associated with killer activity (pDH4BORF2p, pDH6AORF2-5p), none of them have a signal peptide, the presence of which would suggest the possibility of extracellular secretion. Only pDH4BORF2p has a 31-amino acid transmembrane region located between the fragments identified by the Phobius software  [82]  as cytoplasmic and non-cytoplasmic.
Sequencing, Assembly and Annotation VLE containing fractions were used for the construction of libraries, which were sequenced with Illumina MiSeq at Genome S. A. (Warszawa, Poland). The plasmid libraries were run 250 cycles giving paired-end reads of 2 × 250 bp. Raw Illumina reads were trimmed and assembled using CLC Genomic Workbench v. 8. 0. 0 (QIAGEN Digital Insights). The obtained contigs were blasted against the D. hansenii nuclear and mitochondrial genome to exclude contigs not belonging to VLEs  [59]. Missing fragments were filled with the primer walking method. Obtained full sequences of linear plasmids were deposited in GenBank under the following accession numbers: pDH4A/B/C-MF795091/MF795092/MF795093, pDH5A/B-KX904874/KX904875, and pDH6A/B-KX858805/ KX904876. Gene annotation on VLEs was performed with CLC Sequence Viewer (QIAGEN Digital Insights).
Halotolerance Test Strains possessing virus-like elements and cured of them were cultivated on YPD medium with a concentration of NaCl in the range of 0-24%. Cultures were performed in an Automated Microbiology Workstation Bioscreen C (Labsystems Oy, Helsinki, Finland) in a total volume of 350 L in five replications at 28 • C for 96 h with continuous agitation. The BioLink software (Labsystems Oy, Helsinki, Finland) was applied to plot growth curves from optical density measurements performed with a wide band filter (420-580 nm).
Characteristics of open reading frames (ORFs) detected on new autonomous VLEs from D. hansenii yeast (GenBank Acc. No. : pDH4C-MF795093, pDH5B-KX904875, pDH6B-KX904876). The scheme of open reading frames (ORFs) organization on newly sequenced non-autonomous VLEs of D. hansenii (pDH4A/B, pDH5A, pDH6A) and previously known from other yeast species. The characteristics of individual ORFs is described in Tables.
hansenii CBS 767 T , pDH1A ORF4p and to the part of pPE1A ORF3p 5 87 Extracellular Unknown, homology to the part of pDH1A ORF3p 6 120 Cytoplasm As described for pDH4A ORF2p 7 122 Nucleoplasm As described for pDH5A ORF4p analysis of predicted proteins based on open reading frame (ORF) sequences detected on new non-autonomous VLEs of D. hansenii yeast: pDH4A (GenBank Acc. No. MF795091), pDH4B (MF795092), pDH5A (KX904874), and pDH6A (KX858805).
High Frequency Ultrasound Imaging and SoS Measurement A Vevo ® 2100 ultrasound scanner (VisualSonics Inc. , Toronto, ON, Canada) with an MS-550D probe (22-55 MHz; 40 µm axial and 90 µm lateral resolutions) was used to acquire blood clot images every 1 min for 30 min (Figure  1 ). After acquisition, the images were analyzed using a custom MATLAB ® code to calculate the SoS, i. e. , longitudinal wave, inside the blood clot. As depicted in Figure  2 , the front and bottom of the tube were semi automatically delineated as well as the thickness of the clot in echographic images acquired with the Vevo ® 2100 ultrasound scanner. The distance between the 2 walls was first measured when water filled the tube. The distance was then measured when plasma filled the tube to estimate the SoS in plasma. Then, this distance was measured with the clot during the experiment every minute.
Shear Wave Elastography Imaging Aixplorer ® ultrasound scanner with an L15-4 probe (4-15 MHz, 1 mm axial resolution)  [13, 18]  was employed to acquire blood clot elastographic images every 10 min for 60 min. After acquisition, elastic properties of the blood clot were quantitatively analyzed using the Aixplorer ® software. Shear wave speed (SWS) was measured for each region of interest (ROI) defined in the area exposed to the STL while avoiding ultrasound beam push artifacts (red arrows in Figure  3 ). Such artifacts were described by Lin et al. [19]. The Young modulus can be deduced from SWS for each ROI according the equation  [20] : SWS = E/3ρ where E is the Young modulus and ρ the density of medium. One notices that ρ is equal to 1000 kg/m 3 by default on the Aixplorer ® ultrasound system while the blood has a slightly different density of 1080 kg/m 3  [18].
Shear Wave Elastography Imaging Aixplorer ® ultrasound scanner with an L15-4 probe (4-15 MHz, 1 mm axial resolution)  [13, 18]  was employed to acquire blood clot elastographic images every 10 min for 60 min. After acquisition, elastic properties of the blood clot were quantitatively analyzed using the Aixplorer ® software. Shear wave speed (SWS) was measured for each region of interest (ROI) defined in the area exposed to the STL while avoiding ultrasound beam push artifacts (red arrows in Figure  3 ). Such artifacts were described by Lin et al. [19]. The Young modulus can be deduced from SWS for each ROI according the equation  [20] : 𝑆𝑊𝑆 𝐸/3𝜌 where E is the Young modulus and ρ the density of medium. One notices that ρ is equal to 1000 kg/m 3 by default on the Aixplorer ® ultrasound system while the blood has a slightly different density of 1080 kg/m 3  [18].
Assessment of SWS during Sonothrombolysis The elastic properties of the blood clot were investigated using shear wave elastography imaging. For each experimental group, the SWS was measured every 10 min for 60 min and compared to the control group. Figure  6  showed that initial value of the SWS varies from 0. 4 to 0. 73 m/s. This variability can be explained because samples come from different donors. With control and rtPA conditions, the SWS decreased for 60 min, whereas it increased with rtPA-STL. Figure  7  showed the same data normalized to the SWS at T0 to remove the inter variability among samples. The addition of STL to rtPA led to a significant raise of the SWS of the clot compared to rtPA alone (p < 0. 05). As described before, the variation of the SWS was proportional to the Young modulus.
Study design and patient selection Approval was received from the Rennes University Hospital ethics committee (Comité d'éthique du CHU de Rennes, number 19. 62, 2019, September 23rd). The need for informed consent was waived by the ethics committee, due to the retrospective nature of the study and the particular nature of the disorder. Only non-opposition to participating was to be collected from the patients, so as not to risk to break the trust between them and the care teams. Information on the patients included was derived from the hospital clinical data warehouse, eHOP software, which gathers medical and paramedical documents, including medical reports, produced during stays at Rennes University Hospital, France  [23]. These stays were full hospitalizations, outpatient hospitalizations, or consultations.
A full-text search was performed on this entire database, from 1995 to 2019. The terms used were "Munchausen", "factitious disorder", "pathomimia", "Ferjol", and their derivatives (spelling variants and plurals). The diagnosis was made in accordance with DSM-5 criteria after independent perusal of the medical records by two investigators (AB, JSA). The DSM-5 criteria are (i) falsification of physical or psychological signs or symptoms, or induction of injury or disease, associated with identified deception, (ii) the individual presents himself or herself to others as ill, impaired or injured, (iii) the deceptive behaviour is evident even in the absence of obvious external rewards and (iv) the behaviour is not better explained by another mental disorder, such as delusional disorder or another psychotic disorder  [1].
and evaluate results. In overall, independently of the CNN used, M CD outperforms M ED, commonly used in the literature. These results are confirmed on other vehicle retrieval datasets. Secondly, we extend the state-of-the-art image-to-track process (I2TP) to a track-to-track process (T2TP). The three distance metrics are extended to measure distance between tracks, enabling T2TP. We compared T2TP with I2TP using the same CNN models. Results show that T2TP outperforms I2TP for MCD and RSCR. T2TP combining DenseNet201 and M CD-based metrics exhibits the best performances, outperforming the state-of-the-art I2TP-based models. Finally, experiments highlight two main results: i) the impact of metric choice in vehicle reidentification, and ii) T2TP improves the performances compared to I2TP, especially when coupled with M CD-based metrics.
Introduction With the recent growth of Closed-circuit Television (CCTV) systems in big cities, object re-identification in video surveillance, such as vehicle and pedestrian re-identification, is a very active research field. In the last few years, major progress has been observed in the vehicle re-identification field thanks to recent advances in machine-and deeplearning  [1]. These advances are very promising for intelligent video-surveillance processing, intelligent transportation and future smart city systems. Vehicle re-identification, in video surveillance, aims at identifying a query vehicle, filmed by one camera, among vehicles filmed by other cameras of a CCTV system. It relies on a comparison between a query vehicle and a database of known vehicles, to find the best matches. Commonly, the query is a single image and the vehicles of the database are represented by an image or a set of images called track, extracted from video segments recorded by CCTV cameras.
They also provided a specific large-scale dataset for this purpose: the VeRi dataset. They evaluated the vehicle re-identification performance of LR extracted from several CNN architectures, and compared them to texture-based and color-based features. They showed that i) LRs of CNN architectures were particularly suitable for vehicle re-identification and ii) a linear combination of the three types of features was performing better. Later, they showed that adding contextual information (license plate and spatiotemporal metadata) improves performance  [5, 6]. Cui et al. [13]  also proposed to fuse the LR of CNNs specialized in the detection/classification of vehicle details such as color, model, and pasted marks on the windshield. In the same vein, Shen et al. [7]  incorporated complex spatiotemporal information to improve the re-identification results.