dataesr/scientific-paragraphs-categorization huggingface dataset:
ISO/IEC 29134 ISO/IEC 29134 gives guidelines about both, the process and the contents of a PIA. As a technical standard, ISO/IEC 29134 displays a clearly procedural orientation, which makes much straightforward to define the OpenCert reference framework from its contents. Indeed, the bulk of the document (clause 6, "Guidance on the process for conducting a PIA") is structured as a set of subclauses, each defined according to a template that comprises the following sections: Objective, Input, Expected output, Actions, and Implementation Guidance. From there, we can define the different elements of the reference framework model (as we did for GDPR above). Figure  5  shows an excerpt of ISO/IEC 29134 modelled as reference framework. We present in the "Data availability statement" at the end of the paper that, because of licensing conditions, we do not show or make available the whole model.
Mapping between ISO/IEC 29134 and GDPR DPIA The activities, artefacts, requirements, and roles prescribed by technical norms (e. g. ISO standards) can be mapped to the respective contents of the legal regulations and, specifically, GDPR. To define that mapping, both frameworks shall be described in compatible terms. Thanks to the creation of the GDPR DPIA and the ISO/IEC 29134 reference frameworks using the CACM metamodel, we were able to tackle the creation of the equivalence mapping model. In our GDPR model, from the data controller's perspective, three groups of activities can be detected: those that are carried out before the DPIA proper (decide whether DPIA is needed, consult with data subjects, experts, etc. ), the production of the impact analysis itself (including risk elicitation, analysis, control measures, etc.
This is also a first step to understand the feasibility to technically implement the regulatory prescriptions. To evaluate these aspects, the following questions will be considered: (1) whether the CACM metamodel can be easily translated to an engineering process and (2) whether the mapping proposed between ISO/IEC 29134 and GDPR DPIA is representative of both documents, more specifically in terms of coverage and ordering of activities. Modelling and expressiveness Reference frameworks directly address the process part by allowing to model a standard or legal framework in terms of roles involved, activities and artefacts. This description is similar to process modelling languages like BPMN  [19] , SPEM 2. 0 [33], or ISO/IEC 24744 (SEMDM)  [34]. CACM has strengths to model reference frameworks but also some limitations.
However, there are not only many GDPR provisions that explain rules for lawful processing in a standard-like fashion (f. i. , Art. 35)  [35] , but also authoritative scholars that understand data protection as an inherently procedural law  [36]. Not unreasonably, data protection law is seen as a list of procedures to follow in order to "legalize" the processing of personal data, which otherwise would determine a violation to the fundamental right to informational privacy. In these terms, the exercise of mapping GDPR provisions to standards finds its theoretical basis. The exercise of representing GDPR rules through the reference framework's elements presented in this work (RQ1) is a first step in closing the gap between normative provisions and technical specifications. Insofar as the model returned a coverage of around 60% of activities both of GDPR and ISO/IEC 29134, it determined a partial match (RQ2).
This result is positive for two reasons: First, it confirms the utility of CACM in the modelling of different reference frameworks of legal and technical nature (RQ1), thus constituting a common language for legal practitioners and engineers to communicate. Second, the quality of the manual mapping process that was examined by GDPR legal compliance experts returned no alarming flags (RQ2). However, legal expertise is still required to cover the gaps that the partial matching leaves without guidance beyond a justification and description in the mapping model. In fact, partial compliance, in the eyes of the law, is still a form of non-compliance. In addition, a GDPR professional should still double check the correctness of the full mappings. "Models and mappings are valuable supporting assets but legal compliance experts are still needed.
Organizations may well want to add their own, in-house conventions and best practice that establish internally enforceable obligations, which can also be modelled as extensions to the reference framework or as mapping models. Thanks also to Phu H. Nguyen, Erkuden Rios, and Iker Martinez de Soria, for the feedback on this work. Funding This work has been conducted in the scope of the project PDP4E (Methods and tools for GDPR compliance through Privacy and Data Protection Engineering). This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 787034.
Data availability Regarding the availability of the research results, we must distinguish between two parts. First, the model of the GDPR, the model of the SmartGrid, and the mapping between the two, are available as a contribution to the Eclipse OpenCert project under the opensource Eclipse Public License 2. 0. The models and the mapping models can be downloaded(https://gitlab. eclipse. org/eclipse/opencert/opencert /-/tree/release/2. 0/examples/privacy/PrivacyReferenceFrameworks) in the examples folder of Eclipse OpenCert 2. 0 and used with this version of Eclipse OpenCert 2. 0 tool which has the same license. Second, the mapping of ISO/IEC 29134 and the corresponding mapping to GDPR cannot be made public in detail, as per ISO licensing conditions. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.
Evaluation of Fabricated Devices Both bulk MIP structures and core-shell structures were analyzed by fluorescence microscopy (Leica DM6000B, Wetzlar, Germany). Brightfield and fluorescence images were taken using a 2. 5 × /NA: 0. 06 and a 10 × /NA: 0. 3 objective. Intrinsic fluorescence of enrofloxacin was used to evaluate the rebinding of the analyte into the MIP. The excitation/emission wavelengths were set at 280/440 nm for fluorescence measurements. The brightness and contrast were adjusted with the software ImageJ if necessary. The thicknesses of the single inkjet-printed polymer dots were evaluated with an optical profilometer (Veeco 9080).
Thus, different designs could be simply generated and modified with Microsoft Paint software. of the major advantages of inkjet printing are that it is based on direct writing with no additional masks (used for standard photolithography) or stamps (needed for soft-lithography). Thus, different designs could be simply generated and modified with Microsoft Paint software. For many microfabrication methods of MIPs (and polymers in general), the viscosity of the formulation has to be adjusted, and formulations with higher densities have to be used to create well-defined polymer patterns. The viscosity adjustment is also for inkjet printing one important parameter. If the viscosity is too low, printed droplets will spread more easily, whereas inks that are too viscous are difficult to process. Typical ink formulations for inkjet applications have a viscosity of 2 cP  [23] , although for special applications, printer systems have been reported that can handle highly viscous inks between 20 and 100,000 cP  [24].
Acknowledgements This work was supported by the  U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Nuclear Science  (under awards no. DE-FG02-93ER40773  (J. B. , G. V. R. , S. A. , E. K. ),  DE-FG02-88ER40387  (K. B. , C. R. B. , G. H. , Y. J. A. , T. N. M. , Z. M. , S. P. , M. S. , N. S. , D. S, S. S. , A. V. V. , J. W. ), DE-SC0019042 (Z. M. , M. S. , N. S. , D. S. ),  DE-NA0003883  (C. R. B. , Y. J. A. , T. N. M. , S. P. , J. W. ),  DE-NA0003909  (K. B. , Z. M. , A. V. V. ),  DE-FG02-87ER-40316  (R. J. C. , N. D. and L. G. S. ), by  National Nuclear Security Administration  through the  Center for Excellence in Nuclear Training  and  University-Based Research (CENTAUR)  under grant number  DE-NA0003841  (J. B. , C. E. P. , G. V. R. , S. A. , E. K. , N. D. , E. V. O. , L. G. S. ) and by the  UK STFC   Network+ Award Grant  number  ST/N00244X/1  (Tz.
Indoor flight in controlled wind speed The wind estimation algorithm is first evaluated with a flight indoor in front of the wind generator used for calibration. The goal is to evaluate the stability and convergence of the estimation in a controlled environment. In this setup, the wind is coming from a virtual north and the quadrotor is hovering at a fixed position. Ground speed and orientation are recorded from the telemetry and post-process by the Kalman filter in a Matlab script. Figure  7  shows the four elements of the state vector. The convergence time is around 10 to 20 seconds. The noise on  the estimated airspeed is low thanks to the low noise on the measured ground speed (from motion capture) and the stable airflow. Figure  8  is the norm of the estimated wind speed V w = V 2 w x + V 2 w y and the wind direction.
Literature search on port competitiveness criteria Through a literature review we identify port competitiveness criteria from the perspective of ocean carriers and terminal operators. Relevant studies from 1985 to 2020 were analysed. Titles, keywords, and abstracts in scientific databases of high-impact journals were searched. The search keywords were: "port competitiveness"; "liner shipping companies"; "shipping lines"; "container shipping companies"; and "port operators". The search was limited to English language publications and transport-related peer-reviewed journals and proceedings. Although online databases have filtering functions, we also undertook manual cross-checking to eliminate mislabelled papers (e. g. , labelling a book chapter or conference paper as a research article), irrelevant studies (e.
All FAQs of the three special reports score between fairly difficult and very confusing, which is below a 'standard' score or plain English. 5 Such scores, however, have even been observed for some Wikipedia entries or New York Times articles  (Stewart 2017). Codrafting between the authors and communication experts-as was the case for SR1. 5 and SROCC (Section 2)-led to smaller ranges and higher median of the FRE. The FRE scores of the Special Reports of the Sixth Assessment Cycle range similarly to the FAQs of previous cycles, with a median score for SR1. 5 and SROCC slightly higher, and for SRCCL slightly lower than previous reports 6 (Fig. 2a , Online resource 2). De-Jargonizer assesses the technicality of the language used in texts. This tool automatically determines how common words in a given text are, by comparing them to a database of words used by the BBC website  (Rakedzon et al.
Acknowledgements The authors would like to thank  Renée Van Diemen  ( Senior Scientist WGIII TSU ),  Valérie Masson Delmotte  (Co-Chair IPCC WGI),  Sina Löschke  ( Communications Manager WGII TSU ),  Melinda Tignor  ( Head of WGII TSU ),  Anna Pirani  ( Head of WGI TSU ) and  Jonathan Lynn  ( Head of Communications and Media Relations at the IPCC Secretariat ) for their help drafting this manuscript. The authors are also very grateful to the 3 anonymous reviewers for their positive feedback and constructive comments on this manuscript, as well as  Saffron O'Neill  for her editing work on this special issue. Page 12 of 13 Nicolai was Communications Officer at the  WGII TSU  for SROCC. Sophie Berger is Science Officer at the  WGI TSU. Melissa Walsh  is Communications Officer at the  IPCC Secretariat.
Conflict of interest The authors declare no conflict of interest but would like to disclose their current and previous roles in the IPCC: Sarah Connors is currently employed as Head of Science Team at the WGI TSU. Maike Ethics approval Retrospective approval was requested to the Université Paris-Saclay Research Ethics Committee (CER PS) but the application could not be processed because it 'does not fall within the scope of the CER-PS mission, the data used are anonymised, no information sheet is necessary'. Consent to participate All participants were provided with full information regarding the survey and required to indicate their consent to participate on this basis prior to submitting their responses. All results have been anonymised and synthesised. Publisher's note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
The present research Our data come from two related studies conducted during May-September 2021. In Study 1, we surveyed residents of 42 'red wall' constituencies (n = 858) to establish baseline levels of support for UBI, to understand the demographic predictors of this support, and to examine the relative effectiveness of two narrative framings that appeal to people's interests. One framing is based on economic benefits, and another on health benefits. We found high levels of support overall, and, that the effectiveness of the two framings varies in ways that relate to people's material interests. The economic narrative is more appealing to nonhomeowners, whereas the health narrative is more appealing to homeowners, whose material circumstances are more secure but are nonetheless subject to the vagaries of possible ill health.
Data analysis. Data were analysed in R (R Core Development Team, 2018). Weighted proportions were obtained using R package 'weights'. Data were weighted to reflect preferences at the 2019 General Election in order to eliminate sampling bias in favour of Labour voters. Inferential analyses used weighted general linear models, as outlined in the Results section. Categorical variables were contrast coded, and continuous variables scaled. The distribution of residuals for all models was satisfactory. All p-values are two-sided. Our main pre-registered confirmatory prediction was that older homeowners would be more likely to support UBI when presented with narratives that emphasise health benefit and younger nonhomeowners when presented with narratives that emphasise economic benefit. The rest of the analyses are considered exploratory.
Conversely, renters, by virtue of their lower levels of security, are more likely to value economic narratives as a precondition of other goods, including health. Although the data showed high levels of overall support across both treatments, we also found a small number of respondents firmly opposed to UBI. Given that it is these opponents whose views are invoked by policymakers as justification not to advance UBI, in Study 2, we sought (a) to understand the reasons for their opposition, even in light of the additional narratives above, and (b) to investigate how biddable in the light of better arguments and narratives that opposition was. For this part, we used a novel form of adversarial collaboration, where we asked the participants who most opposed the policy to generate those arguments and narratives for us.
Design and measures. Our materials and analysis plan were pre-registered and are available at https://doi. org/10. 17605/OSF. IO/2N37U. We first examined the free text reasons for opposition to UBI from the Study 1 data of fundamentally-opposed respondents. As we were interested in in-principle rather than pragmatic objections, we did not select respondents whose opposition was motivated by either concerns about the cost of a UBI scheme, or the fact that there is not as yet much evidence. This left a range of moral, instrumental or tautological ('I object because I object') bases for opposition. We invited 20 of the remaining opponents to produce narratives in favour of UBI that would appeal to people like them. Participants were asked to spend 15 minutes producing narratives that they felt could persuade their friends and family.
Data analysis. Data were analysed in R (R Core Development Team, 2018), using linear mixed models to account for the multiple responses from each participant. Our confirmatory predictions were that those who strongly rejected UBI would be homeowners and have voted Conservative in 2019; that people who are fundamentalist opponents of UBI would produce narratives that can persuade similar individuals to support the policy, and that narratives have a different effect on people based on whether they own their home. Raw data and R scripts are freely available at https://doi. org/10. 17605/OSF. IO/2N37U.
Study selection Studies were included if they met the following criteria: (1) explore the risk of developing at least one NDD in the offspring (according to DSM-5 definition); (2) examine the impact of one or more AID in the parents (mothers or fathers) on the NDD associated risk in their offspring (AID that were selected a priori by the American Autoimmune and Related Diseases Association and members of the Eurofever Project [20, 21]); (3) include a control group of healthy parents without a personal history of AID. Studies with a control group of individuals with a psychiatric disorder were not eligible. Exclusion criteria for the selection of the studies were: (1) assess only symptoms but not a full diagnosis of NDD; (2) diagnosis of AID using biological markers only; (3) Data not available on AID status in both mothers and fathers or NDD in offspring.
Data extraction, outcomes, and evaluation PE and EA independently extracted the data, which was crosschecked to ensure its accuracy. Variables extracted were (i) author names; (ii) year of publication; (iii) country in which the study was conducted (iv) main demographic and clinical characteristics of the population studied (age, sex ratio, number of parents, and offspring in each condition); (v) AID or NDD considered in the study (with diagnosis criteria used); (vi) adjusted OR and confidence interval (CI) (or crude odd ratio if adjusted are not available), with the adjusting factors used. Study quality was estimated by using a modified version of the Newcastle Ottawa Scale (NOS)  [22, 23]. Briefly, the NOS provided assessment criteria for case-control, cross-sectional, and cohort studies.
Both paternal and maternal smoking are also associated with an increased risk of NDD in the offspring  [46, 47]. However, even if a direct effect of smoking on fetal brain exist, smoking in father may act through Table  1. Descriptive data for cross-sectional studies included in the meta-analysis. genetic pathways  [48]. (ii) AID susceptibility genes might also act as risk factors for NDD. Genes involved in cytokines or in HLA system are associated with both immune functions and normal neurodevelopment (for review see ref. [49] ). For example, in T1D, class II HLA genes-specifically HLA-DR3/DR4 and HLA DQ2/DQ8are known to be associated with its onset  [50]. Interestingly, HLA-DR4 is also associated with NDD with an estimated odds ratio of 4. 67 [95% CI: 1. 34-16. 24] [51, 52]. Several studies have reported that HLA-DR proteins are expressed within several brain regions, such as the striatum, and participate in brain architecture  [53].
Participants Forty-seven undergraduate students from the University of Poitiers (M = 21. 3 years, SD = 2. 84) participated in the study. They were all enrolled in Psychology courses and received course credits for their participation. The sample included 34 women (72. 3 %) and 13 men. All participants were native speakers of French and reported normal or corrected-to-normal vision. None had been diagnosed with a language disorder. The participants signed a consent form before the experiment. The experiment was declared to the General Data Protection Regulation of the University of Poitiers and was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the University of Poitiers.
g. , chantier, "worksite", in which ier is a pseudosuffix). Finally, in the unrelated condition, the primes were morphologically simple words that shared neither a morphological, an orthographic, nor a semantic relationship with the target (e. g. , baleine, "whale"). The stimuli characteristics are presented in Table  1. The three priming conditions were matched in terms of lexical frequency, F < 1 (from the French database Lexique;  New et al. , 2004) , the number of letters, F < 1, and the number of syllables, F < 1. The number of shared letters between the targets and the primes in the two related conditions (i. e. , derived and pseudo-derived) was not statistically different (Wilcoxon W = 230, p =. 384) and was greater than in the unrelated condition (derived vs. unrelated, W = 399. 5, p <.
Apparatus Stimulus presentation and the recording of the written response were controlled by the Eye and Pen software  (Alamargot et al. , 2006). The experiment was run on a Dell Latitude E6500 laptop computer. A Wacom Intuos 3 graphics tablet connected to the laptop and a Wacom Inking pen were used to record the participants' responses. A sheet of A5 paper marked with two columns of five rows was attached to the tablet and was changed between the two trials each time it was full. Note. Frequency is provided in occurrences per million  (New et al. , 2004). L. Chaussoy et al.
Results For each trial, we measured accuracy in recalling (percentage of words recalled correctly) and spelling (percentage of target words spelled correctly), writing latency (i. e. , the time in ms between the presentation of the stimulus and a participant's start of writing), and writing duration (i. e. , the time in ms between the pencil's first touch on the tablet and the last raising of the pencil). The means and standard deviations by group and priming condition for these four variables are reported in Table  2. Analyses of writing latency and writing duration were conducted using correct responses (i. e. , words spelled correctly and without erasures, corresponding to 87. 98 % of the dataset). Outlier trimming was conducted on response times. For the writing latency analysis, response times below 100 ms were considered unrelated to word processing (e.
g. , recording failure, premature writing before the prime was displayed) and were removed (0. 68 %). Response times below or above three standard deviations from the mean were then excluded (2. 58 %). For the writing duration analysis, response times below or above three standard deviations from the mean were also removed from the analysis (0. 97 %). For both dependent variables, the data were logarithmically transformed to meet normality assumptions. Linear mixed-model analyses were then carried out using the lme4 package  (Bates et al. , 2015)  in R (R Development Core Team, 2012). The models included Priming condition (derived, pseudo-derived, unrelated) as fixed effect and Participants and Items as random effects  (Baayen et al. , 2008).
Participants A new sample of 45 undergraduate students from the University of Poitiers (M = 19. 88 years, SD = 0. 89) participated in the study. As in Experiment 1, they were all enrolled in Psychology courses and received course credits for their participation. The sample included 41 women (91. 11 %) and five men. All participants were native French speakers and reported normal or corrected-to-normal vision. None reported having a language disorder. The participants signed a consent form before the experiment. The experiment was declared to the General Data Protection Regulation of the University of Poitiers and was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the University of Poitiers.
Results The mean percentages of correct recalls and spellings, mean interword writing intervals (i. e. , the duration of the pen lift between the end of prime-word writing and the beginning of target-word writing), and target writing durations are reported in Table  3. Analyses of interword writing intervals and writing duration were conducted using correct responses (i. e. , word pairs spelled correctly and without erasures, corresponding to 94. 66 % of the dataset). One participant was excluded because of problems with data recording during the test. The outlier trimming procedure was similar to that of Experiment 1. The data below and above three standard deviations from the mean were considered outliers and were removed from the analysis (i. e. , 0. 92 % and 0. 88 % for inter-word intervals and writing durations, respectively).