dataesr/scientific-paragraphs-categorization huggingface dataset:
miRNA target genes and gene-annotation enrichment analysis High-confidence miRNA target genes were selected according to their cumulative weighted context scores of the sites (context score ≤0. 4 and percentile ≥85), or aggregate probability of conserved targeting ≥0. 8 from TargetScanHuman (release 7. 1). Enrichment analysis was subsequently performed using target gene list acquired from each species, and significant gene ontology (GO) terms were identified (adjusted p≤0. 01) using "clusterprofiler" package  [20]. The immune-related GO terms were extracted and observed (Figure  -1 ). miRNA target genes presented in these immune-related GO terms were then determined for the number of miRNA genes targeting them. The genes with more than 50 different miRNA genes acquired from each of species were selected (Table -2) and reviewed for their immunological functions.
Data virtualization Heatmap of non-scaled and scaled normalized miRNA read count data was drawn by   Interestingly, some miRNAs with immunoregulatory functions were also included (Table -3). For example, bta-mir-142 (ENSBTAG00000029982)  [23] , bta-mir-146a (ENSBTAG00000029830)  [24] , and bta-mir-148b (ENSBTAG00000029852)  [25]  were "ComplexHeatmap" package  [21]  to display miRNAs presented in cow and human milk datasets (Figure  -2 ). To visualize association among the immune-related GO terms and their identified target genes, the network among terms and target genes was plotted using "igraph" package  [22]  (Figure  -1 ). To illustrate the selection of immune-associated genes targeted by a number of different miRNA genes, the spherical interacting network among them was plotted (Figure  -3 ).
Enrichment analysis and prediction of mutual immune-associated target genes of milk miRNAs Prediction of milk miRNA target genes was performed by TargetScanHuman. We considered TargetScanHuman suitable for our study due to its principle in comparison of conserved 3'UTR among orthologous sequences of human and other mammalian transcripts including cow  [14, 30]. All predicted target genes were authorized for gene-annotation enrichment analysis, and several terms associated developmental processes and cell mechanisms were signified (adjusted p≤0. 01) concordant with other previous reports  [1, 2]. Among them, nine terms were biologically immune-related and also shared between cow and human -implying them as the conserved miRNAs regulating processes. These terms were as follows: Response to hydrogen peroxide, myeloid cell differentiation, Fc receptor mediated stimulatory signaling pathway, cellular response to hydrogen peroxide, positive regulation of myeloid cell differentiation, and B-cell activation (Figure  -1 ).
Organisms Top 50 miRNAs Cow ENSBTAG00000036367, ENSBTAG00000036411, ENSBTAG00000030049, ENSBTAG00000029945, ENSBTAG00000036417, ENSBTAG00000029897, ENSBTAG00000029777, ENSBTAG00000029850, ENSBTAG00000029987 ENSBTAG00000029800, ENSBTAG00000029935, ENSBTAG00000029861, ENSBTAG00000029828, ENSBTAG00000029853, ENSBTAG00000029846, ENSBTAG00000036423, ENSBTAG00000029957, ENSBTAG00000029797 ENSBTAG00000029989, ENSBTAG00000029913, ENSBTAG00000029940, ENSBTAG00000029871, ENSBTAG00000029865, ENSBTAG00000029810 ENSBTAG00000029972, ENSBTAG00000029998, ENSBTAG00000029771 ENSBTAG00000029982, ENSBTAG00000029869, ENSBTAG00000046214 ENSBTAG00000029830, ENSBTAG00000029804, ENSBTAG00000029778 ENSBTAG00000029857, ENSBTAG00000048038, ENSBTAG00000029942 ENSBTAG00000029844, ENSBTAG00000029803, ENSBTAG00000036374 ENSBTAG00000036410, ENSBTAG00000029880, ENSBTAG00000030014.
Study Data And Methods We studied vaccines that prevent diseases caused by the following ten antigens: measles, hepatitis B, human papillomavirus, yellow fever, Hemophilus influenzae type b, Streptococcus pneumoniae, rotavirus, rubella, Neisseria meningitidis serogroup A, and Japanese encephalitis. We looked at the effects of both routine and campaign immunization programs. A distributional analysis was conducted for each antigen by quantifying, per income quintile, the future health gains and household financial consequences corresponding to the vaccination period of 2016-30 in forty-one low-and middle-income countries eligible for support from Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance. Out of the seventy-three Gavieligible countries, we included these forty-one countries (total population: 1. 52 billion) in our analysis based on the availability of data from the Demographic and Health Surveys after 2010 (see online appendix A2).
However, given the lack of data on the relative risks of prognostic factors among cases, we had to assume that these relative risks were for cases as well. Third, we calculated the absolute number of averted deaths and their distribution across income quintiles, not how the remaining deaths were distributed after removing the averted deaths. It is possible that the distribution of deaths not averted by vaccines was skewed toward the poor. In other words, achieving greater reduction in deaths among the poorest groups does not necessarily equate with improving health equity. We also applied the income quintiles assigned by the Demographic and Health Surveys, and we acknowledge that the living conditions of people in the poorest quintile in one country may differ vastly from those of people in the poorest quintile in another country.
These high-sodium strengths and limitations of this study ► To our knowledge, this is the first population-based study that estimates the prevalence and associated factors for exposure to effervescent tablets (ETs). ► The present study includes assessment of exposure to ETs through self-medication, an important information that is not available in databases collecting reimbursement data. ► Possible seasonal variations in exposure to ETs have not been assessed in the present study. ► Due to the single-centre design and the very selected group of subjects, we must be cautious in generalising these results. Open access containing drugs (HSCDs) could theoretically provoke or worsen cardiovascular conditions, especially hypertension, if taken on a regular basis and/or at a high dose. 11 Ts are generally not indicated for patients who require low-salt or normal salt diets (patients with hypertension and those with congestive heart failure), as non-effervescent alternatives are available.
statistical analysis The prevalence of exposure to ETs was calculated as the ratio of the number of patients taking at least one ET in the last 30 days to the total number of subjects included Open access in the study. Data are expressed as the mean±SD for quantitative variables and as numbers and associated percentages for qualitative variables. Group comparisons were performed using the non-parametric Mann-Whitney and Wilcoxon tests for quantitative variables and the χ 2 test for qualitative variables (the Yates correction was used for a theoretical number of observations between three and five, and the Fisher's exact test for numbers under three). We applied Bonferroni's correction to p values to account for multiple comparisons. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with exposure to ETs.
In contrast, the strengths of this study included: (1) the use of multidimensional scores to estimate variables, particularly subjective aspects such as depression, social deprivation, level of stress and dietary salt consumption and (2) the fact that all variables related to the primary objective (ie, evaluation of the exposure to ET) were collected by a single trained pharmacist during an educational session, resulting in no missing data for these variables. In conclusion, exposure to ETs is frequent in a health check-up population, particularly through self-medication. Clinical conditions associated with a required low-salt intake (ie, hypertensive subjects and patients treated with a diuretic) were not associated with lower exposure to ETs, despite the existence of a myriad of therapeutic alternatives (such as orodispersible drugs or liquid formulations).
Acknowledgements Authors would like to acknowledge  Dr Sebastian Lequime  for his support in generating figures. No sources of funding were used to conduct this study or prepare this manuscript. Contributors All authors were involved in the conception and design of this study. GP and FT were responsible for collecting the data and for conducting analyses. GP, SB, FT, PD and BS were responsible for interpreting the results and drafting the manuscript. GP, SB, FT, ND, PD and BS critically revised the manuscript. All authors have read and approved the final manuscript.
Data collection instruments and procedure Data collection lasted from the beginning of February to mid-August 2017. Cases were recruited during the admission days to the OTP in Mao health centre. Anthropometric measures were extracted from the OTP register. Data on health and nutritional status of caretaker, household WASH (water, sanitation and hygiene) conditions, socio-economic and demographic data were collected on the following day during the household visit through face-to-face interview, using a structured interviewer administered questionnaire, and direct observations. Controls were recruited from the same neighbourhood where cases reside. After completing the interview with the case caretaker, data collectors visited the closest neighbouring households to identify eligible children for the controls.
Anthropometric measurements of the controls were conducted at their household by the two team members in charge of this task. Weight (kg, g) was measured using UNICEF electronic scale (to the nearest of 0. 1 kg); length and height (cm) were measured by UNICEF portable measuring board (to the nearest mm). Presence of oedema was identified if a bilateral depression remained 3 sec after the pressure was released. The questionnaire was based on the review of available literature, findings from two nutrition causal analyses studies ("Link NCA") conducted in Kanem  [9]  and Ouaddaï region  [13] , as well as internal consultations with ACF's program managers in Mao. The questionnaire was developed in French and translated into local languages (Goran and Kanembou) through a group discussion with data collectors who had a good command of both French and the local languages.
Data collectors were recruited locally from a pool of enumerators who had previously worked with ACF and ASRADD. They were trained for 2 days by the principal investigator in filling out the questionnaire and use of measurement devices. Each data collector was accompanied by the principal investigator for at least 3 interviews during the survey pilot, to provide hands-on training. Data collectors were divided in two teams, each with a supervisor who ensured the quality control of the collected data.
As stated previously, muscle mass is correlated with body size, so SMM or ASM can be adjusted for body size in different ways, i. e. using height squared (ASM/height 2 ), Sarcopenia: revised European consensus on definition and diagnosis weight (ASM/weight) or body mass index (ASM/BMI)  [72]. The authors make no recommendation to adjust for body size, but adjustment can be made if data are available for a relevant normative population. Although anthropometry is sometimes used to reflect nutritional status in older adults, it is not a good measure of muscle mass  [78]. Calf circumference has been shown to predict performance and survival in older people (cut-off point <31 cm)  [79]. As such, calf circumference measures may be used as a diagnostic proxy for older adults in settings where no other muscle mass diagnostic methods are available.
Acknowledgements The authors warmly thank  Cecilia Hofmann, PhD , ( C Hofmann & Associates, Western Springs, IL USA ) for her valuable assistance in compilation of the medical literature, for thorough editing of this multi-authored manuscript, and for her longstanding association with the EWGSOP. Extended Group for EWGSOP2 includes:  Ivan Bautmans  ( Department of Gerontology and Department of Frailty in Ageing, Vrije University Brussel; Brussels, Belgium );  Jean-Pierre Baeyens  (Geriatrician at the  Teaching Hospital AZ Alma ; Eeklo, Belgium; and  University of Luxembourg ; Luxembourg City, Luxenbourg);  Matteo Cesari  ( Geriatric Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Università di Milano; Milan, Italy );  Antonio Cherubini  ( Geriatria, Accettazione geriatrica e Centro di ricerca per l'invecchiamento, IRCCS INRCA, Ancona, Italy );  John Kanis ( Center for Metabolic Bone Diseases, University of Sheffield Medical School; Sheffield, UK and Institute for Health and Ageing, Australian Catholic University; Melbourne, Australia );  Marcello Maggio  ( Geriatric Clinic Unit, Geriatric Rehabilitation Department, University-Hospital of Parma, Department of Medicine and Surgery );  Finbarr Martin  ( Department of Ageing and Health, Guys and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust; London, UK );  Jean-Pierre Michel  ( Department of Rehabilitation and Geriatrics, University of Geneva; Geneva, Switzerland );  Kaisu Pitkala  ( Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Unit of Primary Health Care; Helsinki, Finland );  Jean-Yves Reginster  ( Bone and Cartilage Metabolism Unit, University of Liège; Liège, Belgium );  René Rizzoli  ( Department of Bone Disease, University of Geneva; Geneva, Switzerland );  Dolores Sánchez-Rodríguez  ( Geriatrics Department ,  Parc Salut Mar.
Design and study population The present analysis reports cross-sectional surveys of adults (≥ 18 years) in four Latin America countries: Argentina, Brazil, Mexico and Uruguay. The method of recruitment, the instruments for data collection and data treatment were harmonized across the surveys. The data collection was performed between March and May 2016 in urban areas in different regions of Argentina, Mexico and Uruguay. For Brazil, data were only collected in the City of São Paulo between November and December 2016. Figure  1  shows participants' city of residence. Recruitment of participants in each country was performed via a door-to-door recruitment until suitable quotas for age, gender, region and socioeconomic characteristics, in relation to the total country population, were met. To determine the socioeconomic status (SES) of participants, the Asociación Mexicana de Agencias de Investigación de Mercado y Opinión Pública (AMAI) system was used in Mexico, Argentina and Uruguay, and the ABEP classification in Brazil  [21, 22].
However, the limitations of the study must be acknowledged. Like all diary assessment methodologies, the Liq. In 7 record creates a situation that focuses the participants' attention on the data being collected and may therefore distort intake. A more valid limitation is the possible bias from having included only one city in Brazil, which may account for some of the differences reported here and the previous Liq. In 7 study  [26]. In addition, data on food intake were not collected, and therefore information on food moisture was not avaialble. As a result, it is not possible to show whether or not individuals within the lower quartiles of TFI compensated by eating high moisture foods. However, a recent study has shown that low drinkers are unlikely to compensate for low water intakes in this manner  [34].
Materials and Methods All calculations were performed with BIOVIA Materials Studio TM suite  [22]. The atomistic coordinates for all molecules and simulated cells were built using the Visualizer, Builder and Amorphous Cell modules  [22]. The MM and MD calculations were carried out with PCFF  [23, 24]  interfaced to the Forcite module  [22]. The PCFF is a member of the consistent force field family. It was developed with a base on CFF91 and is intended for application to polymers, organic materials, metals, and zeolites  [22] [23] [24] [25] [26]  , also being suitable for carbohydrates  [3, 27]  and water solvation  [28]. The dynamic trajectories were carefully analyzed using data correlation graphs implemented in Analysis/Forcite  [22].
Specificities for the calculation protocol of amylosefatty acid -water systems: studies by NVT ensemble The atomistic simulations essentially followed the calculation protocols hereafter described. (i) The molecular systems were composed for a better understanding about the intra-and intermolecular interactions and the structural behavior when the three chemical species evolve together. These simulations were carefully made with different systems, which varied, fundamentally, in the proportion of fatty acids; in the initial form and number of the amylose oligomers, in which the sizes varied from 25 to 120 monomers. These two chemical species were created from features implemented in Visualizer and Builder programs, such as Fragment browser. The amylose chains were built by "Build Polymers" feature as isotactic homopolymers from the carbohydrates database of the BIOVIA Materials StudioTM program, using 1,4-α-D-glucose repeat units, with chains of variable lengths.
The number of iterations limited to coarse accuracy of the gradient was set to 2. 0 x 10 -3 kcal mol -1. Optimizations continued throughout the conjugate gradient algorithm, with the convergence of the gradient limited to 1. 0 x 10 -3 kcal mol -1 Å -1. In general terms, these limit values indicate medium precision. The molecular dynamics method of the Forcite program follows the classical Newtonian equations of motion for the integrated Verlet algorithm  [29]. The initial injected speeds were random and assigned to the atoms according to the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution. The observation times ranged from 100 ps to 1 ns, according to the systems' sizes. For all simulations, the time step was set to 1 fs. The coordinates of the molecular systems corresponding to the dynamics fluctuations (frames) were saved in periodic intervals of at least 1000 frames, which allowed posterior analysis via control graphs and molecular coordinates, across the Analysis program features.
This project and PB have received funding from the  7th Framework program  of the  EU ,  SP3-People , support for training and career development for researchers ( Marie Curie), Network for Initial Training (ITN ),  FP7-PEOPLE-2011-ITN , under the  Marie Skłodowska-Curie  grant agreement  N˚289903. This work has been supported in part by grants from the  IHU prometteur OPERA  and the "Cluster 1 region Conclusion but not IL-17/IL-1β combination mainly drives the accumulation of Cd in synoviocytes and its effects on cell viability and inflammation. Rhone-Alpes. "PM is a senior member of and supported by the  "Institut Universitaire de France ".
EEG recording and ERP measurements The EEG was recorded from 64 active electrodes (Acti-veTwo Systems Biosemi, The Netherlands) with a sampling rate of 512 Hz while eye movements were monitored using electrodes placed on left and right outer canthi and below the left eye. An electrode was placed on the nose of the subject, and data were re-referenced offline to its potential. The ELAN software package was used for the analysis of EEG-ERP  [58]. The EEG signal was amplified and filtered (0. 3 Hz high-pass filter). Artifacts resulting from eye movements were removed using independent component analysis (EEGlab), and movement artifacts were discarded manually. A 30 Hz low-pass filter was applied and ERP were averaged on a 800-ms time window including a 100-ms prestimulus baseline. Artifact-free trials were averaged for each stimulus of interest (neutralDev, angryDev, equiNeutral2, equiAngry) in CTRL adults (107 ± 9, 107 ± 13, 106 ± 12, 107 ± 9), in adults with ASD (103 ± 8, 104 ± 11, 104 ± 10, 102 ± 10), in CTRL children (88 ± 14, 89 ± 14, 88 ± 15, 86 ± 14), and in children with ASD (98 ± 7, 99 ± 8, 91 ± 14, 94 ± 13).
This selection of electrodes is consistent with previous MMN studies of emotional change detection in ASD  [40] [41] [42] [43]. MMN latency was evaluated with a mixed-design ANOVA on Cz with condition as within-subject factor and age and group as between-subject factors. Mixed-design ANOVA was performed over Fz, FCz, and Cz for P3a amplitude with condition and anteriorposterior (frontal, fronto-central, central) as within-subject factors and age and group as between-subjects factors while a mixed-design ANOVA was realized on FCz for P3a latency. Greenhouse-Geiser correction was applied when necessary. For significant results, the effect sizes are shown as η p 2. Post-hoc analysis (Newman-Keuls) was performed when needed to determine the origins of interactions. For each significant result involving the factor "Group," correlations between electrophysiological data (i.
To assess differences between ASD and CTRL groups, individual participant data were permuted across groups, that is, individuals were randomly assigned to either the ASD or the CTRL group; correlations were computed between IQ scores and electrophysiological data for permuted groups. Theoretical differences between slopes of permuted groups were computed. This operation was repeated 15,000 times to generate a theoretical distribution of group differences under the null hypothesis (no ASD/ CTRL difference) with a 95% CI. Empirical group differences between slopes were deemed significant if they fell outside the 95% CI. Significant threshold for these tests was adjusted for multiple comparisons with a Bonferroni correction (p =. 0063 for eight comparisons in adults and p =. 0056 for nine comparisons in children).
Funding This work was supported by a  French National Research Agency  grant ( ANR-12-JSH2-0001-01-AUTATTEN ). Judith Charpentier was supported by an  INSERM-Région Centre grant. Marianne Latinus  was in part supported by the  John Bost Foundation. Funding sources had no involvement in the design of the study and collection, in the analysis and interpretation of the data, and in the writing the manuscript.
Acknowledgments The authors thank  Aliment Breton , which provided the diets and pigs, and  Swine Innovation , which supported the study. CP and MPLM designed the research;  Normande Ouellet ,  Sophie Horth  and EG conducted the study with the help of the employees of the  Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada  swine complex; EG and MPLM analyzed the data; EG, MPLM and CP wrote the paper, and MPLM and CP had primary responsibility for the final content. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
Statistical analysis In all studies, analyses were performed on the All-Subjects-Treated (AST) population (all subjects who received at least one dose of study product). All data were reprocessed and statistical analyses were performed using SAS version 9. 4. For the coagulation parameters, figures presented in this paper are the treatment difference for change from baseline at the end of the product consumption period with 95% confidence interval (CI) (error bars). It was considered not appropriate to conduct a meta-analysis since the populations, doses, exposure durations and time points of measurements were not homogeneous within the selected clinical studies. For adverse events and concomitant antithrombotic medications, descriptive analyses only are presented. Data on concomitant medications were not available for the METAPLUS study.
Only in the BITE study these parameters were not investigated. All the results showed a statistically significant increase of all these parameters in all matrices analysed, except for the percentage of DHA in white blood cells in the EIIC study. These results indicate a high adherence to intervention during the clinical studies (data not shown). Blood coagulation parameters were not analysed in all the subjects. In the Souvenaid ® trials, only selected study centres performed these analyses  [13, 14, 16]. In total, at least one blood coagulation parameter was analysed in 822 subjects of which 408 received a n-3 LC-PUFA enriched product and 339 received a control product. In SOUVENIR II OLE study  [16] , all subjects included had also previously been included in SOUVENIR II study  [14]. Indeed 77.