dataesr/scientific-paragraphs-categorization huggingface dataset:
Methods: The following determinations will be applied during the systematic review process and are specified in the protocol that complies with the PRISMA-P statement. Populations of children and adults, as well as outdoor workers, exposed to industrially released air pollutants are of interest. Eligible studies may include subjects as controls who are non-or less exposed to the investigated air pollutants. The outcomes new-onset asthma and/or COPD investigated with risk ratio, odds ratio, hazard ratio, incidence rate ratio, cumulative incidence, and incidence rate are eligible. We will search the electronic literature databases EMBASE, MEDLINE, and Web of Science for peerreviewed reports of incidence studies and incidence case-control studies. After systematic sorting of initial records, included studies will be subjected to quality assessment.
Search strategy We will search quantitative studies that include the eligible statistical parameters. No restriction of study types is included into the electronic search strategy. Validated filters, preferably functions provided by the databases, for studies on human subjects and English full texts will be applied. The search period from 2000 to the current year will be implemented and the search be updated after 12 months. We provide the full electronic search strategy in the supplementary material. Additional to manual sorting, a validated filter of the SIGN initiative will help to identify systematic reviews and meta-analyses among initial search results  [21].
Selection process We will identify and remove duplicate references from the initial search results of the three databases. For this purpose, we will use functions of the reference management software EndNote and the screening management software Rayyan  [22]. We will screen all titles and abstracts of the extracted references for relevance independently and in duplicate. One reviewer will screen all records alone and a group of the remaining reviewers will split the records for a parallel screening round. Initial selections of the latter will be further evaluated by other reviewers involved in the parallel screening. Conflicts will be discussed until an agreement is reached. All records that will be selected by both parallel screenings will undergo the subsequent process for study inclusion.
Data collection process We will develop an extraction form and pilot it. One reviewer will independently extract data from the included articles using the final form. A second reviewer, who works with the allocated package of included studies, will retrace extracted data and discuss discrepancies until consensus is reached. If the two reviewers do not reach consensus, a third reviewer will decide. This reviewer must have the best expertise on the subject among the remaining reviewers. If necessary, the whole group will discuss the discrepancy.
Risk of bias in individual studies We will apply the Newcastle Ottawa Scale (NOS)  [23]  for the assessment of risk of bias on the individual study level. A table containing all ratings will be provided. If we become aware of a more suitable method, we may switch to the alternative. Resulting information on the risk of bias due to selection, exposure and outcome, e. g. , the diagnostic standard, will be used for the exploration of heterogeneity in the data synthesis.
Quantitative synthesis We will evaluate the adequacy of included studies for quantitative analysis. Exposure, study design and comparison need to be sufficiently homogeneous for the conduction of a meta-analysis. Risk ratio and odds ratio may be quantitatively synthesized. Besides these effect measures, reports must must provide data for the calculation of the standard error (sample size, absolute and relative frequencies, confidence interval). We will apply RR and OR simultaneously. For prevalence less than 10%, OR and RR are approximately equal  [24]. For prevalence above 10%, we will stratify OR and RR by study type. Appropriate data will be pooled using the program R and the "metafor" package  [25]. The restricted maximum-likelihood estimator (REML) will be used for the calculation of grouped data and to explore and handle heterogeneity of datasets.
These types may be gases, fumes, dust, particular matter (PM) or man-made mineral matter. Further separation may be indicated by distinctive properties of substances for which available datasets could be found. We will attempt to contact the authors of particular studies if summary data that are required for quantitative analyses are missing. If data for calculation of the standard error remain unavailable, we will qualitatively review the affected cohort and case-control studies with caution. Quality ratings will involve missing data and the discussion will address the impact of missing data on the findings. The consistency of quantitative analyses will be visually explored in forest plots evaluating the relation of confidence intervals of effect measures from individual studies to each other.
Meta-regression and subgroup analyses We will use meta-regression investigating the effect of several factors on heterogeneity of summary estimates that we determine a priori. These factors are the study type, the diagnostic standard and quality of exposure data. Apart from the pre-stated factors, we will conduct meta-regression including factors as covariates that will be identified in the course of systematic reviewing. Furthermore, particular attention will be paid to gender and co-exposures. We may undertake subgroup analyses for datasets defined by distinctive properties of substances or mixtures for which available datasets will be found. If risk factors are provided in categories of different burdens of exposure, we will conduct subgroup analyses according to the burden.
However, other irrelevant records that the final electronic search terms detected were much less contextually definable. Without sufficiently specific terms for their removal, we would have risked a considerable loss of sensitivity and thus relevant articles. Additionally, extended title/abstract screening caused by a broad search approach was not a critical burden for our systematic review group. Therefore, we made no attempt to further raise precision of the electronic search and, considering sensitivity and precision  [29] , gave more weight to its sensitivity. Furthermore, the application of the electronic search strategy to three literature databases revealed a rather low overlap of about 20% of the detected records. This suggests fair coverage of available peer-reviewed articles with EMBASE, MEDLINE and Web of Science, which is in line with methodological recommendations  [1, 29].
Acknowledgements We thank  Prof. Peter Schlattmann  and  Dr. Thomas Lehmann ,  Institute of Medical Statistics, Computer and Data Sciences, University Hospital Jena, Germany , for statistical consulting. The authors recognize  Prof. Dr. Lygia Therese Budnik  for the important role that she played in developing this manuscript. Dr. Budnik  died on November 20, 2020; we dedicate this article to her memory.
This systematic review is funded by  EU-COST Action DiMoPEx  (funding reference number  CA-15129 ; to LTB). The COST action is supported by the  EU   Framework Programme Horizon 2020. HO's work is supported by the  Estonian Ministry of Education and Research  Grant  IUT34-17. JL's contribution is funded within a project by the  Swedish Research Council for Health, Working Life and Welfare (FORTE , number  2017-00690 ).
Funding The protocol is part of the systematic review which is funded by  EU-COST action DiMoPEx  (funding reference number  CA-15129 ; to LTB). The COST action is supported by the  EU   Framework Program Horizon 2020. HO's work is supported by the  Estonian Ministry of Education and Research  Grant  IUT34-17. JL's contribution is funded within a project by the  Swedish Research Council for Health, Working Life and Welfare (FORTE , number  2017-00690 ). Open Access funding enabled and organized by Projekt DEAL.
Study Design and Subjects This was a retrospective cohort study performed in the University Hospitals of Martinique (French West Indies). Eligible subjects were aged 65 years or older, admitted to acute care units including the emergency department (ED), for suspected CVI, from 10 January to 31 December 2014, and who underwent biological testing using Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR). Subjects whose clinical and/or biological data were missing in their medical records were excluded. There was no concurrent circulation of dengue at the time of the inclusions.
Data Collection Data were retrospectively collected from medical files. The following baseline characteristics were recorded: age, sex, presence or absence of fever and/or polyarthralgia, and hospital stay. We also recorded any of the following unusual concurrent clinical manifestations at admission: infectious disease (other than Chikungunya virus infection), neurological troubles (including confusion or delirium, seizure, syncope, encephalitis, and sensorimotor deficit), cardiovascular disorders (including rhythm disorder, cardiac decompensation, and myocardial ischemia), decompensated diabetes (diabetes with negative impact on glycemic control), respiratory disorders (including dyspnea, respiratory infection based on clinical examination, or positive sputum gram stain, or culture for bacteria, or simply an infiltrate on chest X-Ray), renal failure, hepatic disorders, lymphopenia (count <1000/mm 3 ), absence of neutrophilia (count <7500/ mm 3 ), thrombocytopenia (count <100,000/μL), hypernatremia (blood sodium level >145mmol/L).
A manual stepwise method was used to identify variables independently associated with two-year mortality, after checking for confounders and interactions. Results are presented as hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Tests were considered significant for a p-value <0. 05. Statistical analyses were performed using SAS version 9. 4 (SAS Institute Inc. , Cary, NC, USA). The Kaplan-Meier curves were computed using IBM SPSS software release 21 (IBM Corporation, Armonk, NY, USA).
The strengths of this study include the fact that it is the largest cohort to date of subjects with Chikungunya infections followed up for a period of two years. The inclusion of the Chik-group enabled comparison with subjects of similar profile, recruited in similar conditions, and presenting an acute health event other than CVI. Furthermore, a large variety of data were reliably collected at admission, and the number of missing data was low. Conversely, some limitations of this study deserve to be underlined. The causes of death at two years were not recorded. Our data come from a hospital cohort only, and therefore, are likely not representative of the overall general population of elderly subjects. Nonetheless, the patterns of healthcare usage in Martinique are different to those observed in western countries.
Data Collection In depth interviews (IDI) were conducted with ten key health informants out of seventeen who were invited to participate in the interview. Selection of the key health informants was based on their association in implementing IHR (2005) in Yemen. Initially, an information sheet and consent form of the study were sent to all the key informants to participate in the interview. After obtaining key informants' consent to participate in this study, the interviews were conducted via Skype and recorded. researchers utilized an IDI guide and took response notes from the participant during interviews. These audio recording and notes were securely saved. The Interview guide was developed speci cally for this study. (See supplementary le) The researcher reviewed the most appropriate document associated with IHR 2005 obtained from MoPHP in Yemen, titled (National action plan of IHR in Yemen).
The technical areas in the resulted table were classi ed according to core functions "Prevent (P)", "Detect (D)", and "Response (R)", in addition to International related hazard (Chemical emergencies (CE), Radiological Emergencies (RE)) and Point of Entries (PoE). The qualitative data analysis was done by using the key informants' quotes to develop color scoring for the indicators of IHR core capacities based on World Health Organization's JEE tool which developed to evaluate the IHR core capacities globally. The JEE tool color scoring for the core capacities indicators is designed in the form of a ve-number scale (1,2,3,4 and 5), with speci c color codes (Red, Yellow, and Green) given to each score as shown in Table  1  below. In total, this study evaluated 49 indicators, and assigned color-coded scores in line with the pre-existing system acknowledged and in use by the WHO.
Material and Methods We performed a cohort case-control study. Records for permanent and contract hospital non-physician staff, who were employed on 1st January for the years 2012 to 2016 in all the hospital establishments of the University Hospital Center (CHU) were transmitted by the CHU's information technology department. Commuting accidents were recorded either during an occupational medicine consultation using the occupational health software, Chimed©, or by the statutory medical service after reception of a medical certificate and the administrative declaration. The occupational physician has access to information about all accidents, which guaranteed completeness.
Cases Information on commuting accidents from 2012 to 2016 were extracted from the medical service personnel file using the occupational health software, Chimed©. The inclusion criteria for cases were non-physician hospital staff working in CHU hospitals in the Lyon region that had a reported commuting accident between 2012 and 2016. The data set was screened to eliminate accidents involving physicians, because they have a different employment status and data are not systematically collected for them, as well as to check the commuting accidents were correctly coded and that they were not occupational accidents. Commuting accidents were classified by type, that is, not involving a vehicle, involving a car, involving a motorized two-wheeler vehicle or a bicycle, or pedestrian run over by a vehicle.
Controls Four age-and gender-matched controls were randomly identified for each case from the personnel file corresponding to the year the accident occurred, using the SAS SURVEYSELECT procedure without replacement, and a macro developed under SAS. This macro selected the four matched controls and had been used for the five databases of each year of the study. Information on work schedules was not available for 280 (18%) of the 1560 identified controls, leaving 1280 controls that were included in the analyses.
Studied variables: The principal outcome was defined as having a commuting accident or not. The exposure factors were: Analysis schedule: As a first step, univariate analyses were performed to calculate the non-adjusted odds ratio. In the second step, a conditional logistic regression multiple analysis including the different exposure factors of interest was performed using the LOGISTIC procedure in SAS 9. 4. The selection of variables was a backward stepwise selection with an entry threshold of 10% and an exit threshold of 5%. After each iteration, the possible confounding effects of the output variable of the model were checked. A 10% deviation of a parameter was considered to be a confounding-induced change.
2000). Following this, two researchers met again to agree on the translation. This standardised translation procedure, and the proficiency and intercultural competence of translators ensured that the intended meaning of participants' accounts, and of interview questions was retained throughout the study, and minimised any potential limitations caused by translation and back translation procedures across eight languages, which in turn allowed us to represent a wide range of sociocultural perspectives in our data. Partners returned their codes to the study leaders who collated all coded excerpts in qualitative analysis software, NVIVO (version 12). To add interpretive depth to the first round of codes, the first author generated a second round of codes based on the topic and implicit meaning of participant statements.
Programmes Across the eight countries, participants were recruited from 17 different HF programmes and 21 different SS programmes. Scatter-site housing was the primary form of housing provided by HF programmes (86. 5%), and congregate accommodation was the primary form of housing provided by SS programmes (85%). In terms of support, 45. 2% (n = 25) of HF participants received either Assertive Community Treatment (ACT) or Intensive Case Management services, while 16. 2% (n = 6) received another form of support. For SS participants, 15% (n = 6) received ACT and 27. 5% (n = 11) received another form of support. Data on support type were missing for the rest of participants in HF (16. 2%, n = 6) and SS (57. 5%, n = 23).
Acknowledgments  HOME-EU (Horizon 2020 GA/726997 ) consortium study group:  José Ornelas  (Principal Investigator),  Maria J. Vargas-Moniz ,  Maria F Jorge-Monteiro  ( APPsyCI -Applied Psychology Research Center Capabilities and Inclusion, ISPA-Instituto Universitário ,  Rua Jardim do Tabaco ,  34 ,  1149-041 Lisboa , Portugal);  Ronni M. Greenwood ,  Rachel M. Manning ,  Branagh O'Shaughnessy  ( Department of Psychology, University of Limerick, Limerick ,  V94 T9PX , Ireland);  Inês Almas ,  Teresa Duarte  ( AEIPS -The Association for Study and Psychosocial Integration ;  Housing First  project:  Casas Primeiro ,  Av. António José de Almeida ,  26 ,  1000-043 Lisboa , Portugal);  Francesca Disperati ,  Marta Gaboardi ,  Michela Lenzi ,  Massimo Santinello ,  Alessio Vieno  ( Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, University of Padova, Via Venezia, 8 -35131 Padova, Italy );  Rita P.
The body positive movement emerged in response to pressure to pursue the unattainable thin ideal, and promotes a more accepting stance towards the body. To date, however, little is known regarding the nature of online body positive content. Using publicly available data from a large online discussion platform (Reddit), all the forums to which commenters on a body acceptance forum (N = 1262) had also contributed were identified. For each pairing of 50 representative forums (i. e. , a large number and proportion of body acceptance commenters), the commenteroverlap between the two forums was used to compute a network model, to detect communities of body acceptance commenters. By manually reviewing the topics of each community's forums, the shared interests of these commenters were identified.
Corpus Selection An archive is freely available online of all public comments, excluding the initial posts, made on Reddit since December 2005  (Complete Public Reddit Comments Corpus, 2018). The data used in this study correspond to a one-year period from November 2017 to October 2018 (inclusive). A one-year period was chosen to best capture the fluctuations in body-related content that might be influenced by seasonal variations (for example, the new year or summer months). The necessity of collecting informed consent was removed due to all data being in the public domain (cf. Sudweeks & Rafaeli, 1996; Williams, Nielsen & Coulson, 2018). Additionally, the analyses were observational and did not influence the interaction or communication of the communities (cf. Winzelberg, 1997). Although all data used are in the public domain, institutional ethical approval was sought and obtained to conduct the analyses detailed in this report.
Note that no identifiable data are included in the results, as the findings are aggregated and presented at the subreddit level rather than the commenter, which further protects individual privacy. In order to identify body positivity communities on Reddit, a search for subreddits containing the phrase 'body positivity' in their name or description was conducted, leading to the identification of r/BodyPositivity. Before the one-year period of interest, r/BodyPositivity was observed to have been subsumed within another subreddit, r/BodyAcceptance, which was therefore selected instead as the focus of the analyses detailed below.
Data Analysis The data processing and analysis detailed below utilised Python (Python Software Foundation, 2017) and R (R Core Team, 2015) code that was previously developed in a study that characterised commenters on mental-health related forums  (McCaig et al. , 2019). The only change to the existing code reflected the current study's focus on a different group of commenters (i. e. , those on r/BodyAcceptance). The data processing and analytic methods are summarised below. ' and '[deleted] ' accounts, all of the subreddits on which the r/BodyAcceptance commenters had also posted (i. e. , ancillary subreddits) were identified. Then, consistent with  McCaig et al. (2019) , any ancillary subreddits on which fewer than 1% of the commenters had posted were excluded, as the presence of so few commenters would have prevented them from being included in the subsequent steps of the analyses.
e. , associative) network using qgraph package in R  (Epskamp et al. , 2012). The walktrap method  (Pons & Latapy, 2005)  was then used to detect communities of subreddits, which was selected out of several communitydetection algorithms due to being recommended for small networks (cf. Yang, Algesheimer, & Tessone, 2016). The walktrap algorithm detects communities by calculating the distances between the nodes (i. e. , subreddits) within a network model. Specifically, by computing the distance in the model between a node and each of its adjacent nodes (and by repeating this for each node in the network), clusters of subreddits that are most strongly related in terms of their commenters were identified. Following the identification of communities of subreddits, the commenter-overlap between these was calculated and visualised with the VennDiagram R package  (Chen & Boutros, 2011) , as it was possible that a commenter contributed to subreddits from more than one community.
Promoting body acceptance, and preventing body image concerns and eating concerns among all genders is important, and future work investigating the emergence of online body positive content relevant to men and other genders would be important. Nevertheless, our study has several limitations. First, the possibility that one individual may hold two usernames cannot be ruled out, which might lead to a bias in the data. Second, private subbredits that represent conversations between Reddit users were not included in this analysis as they are not publicly available, and also due to ethical considerations. Thus, other unidentified subreddits that also represent the commenters may exist, which could limit the internal validity of the study. Furthermore, potential data that were generated by bots rather than individuals, were not excluded from data due to the lack of reliable methods.
However, these are unlikely to systematically bias the pattern of results. In addition, the pattern of results described here concern people who actively comment, and may not be generalizable to people who only read the comments. Finally, the data describe cross-sectional associative relationships, and therefore do not inform our understanding of which topics or themes may precede others, or how individuals' engagement with a body acceptance forum may change over time. To conclude, this study provides an initial investigation of a body positivity / acceptance forum on Reddit, using an innovative application of network analysis, to characterize the shared interests of commenters on online forums and examine the existence of different communities within these commenters. Overall, the findings confirm the presence of a forum that is aligned with the tenets of body acceptance and positivity, and resistant to dominant and unrealistic appearance ideals.