dataesr/scientific-paragraphs-categorization huggingface dataset:
Conflict of Interest Statement The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest. Histology (scale : 500 microm): In the control group: at D0, the defect is partially filled with blood; at D28, immature bone fills the defect; at D42, mature bone totally fills the defect. In the irradiated group: at D0, small amounts of blood are present, with less osteoblasts than the control group ; at D28: fibrous tissue is visible, no osteoclasts are visible ; at D42: osteoclasts are present, there is fibrous tissue and small amounts of immature bone. Micro CT: Delineation of mineralized tissue was performed with Image J® software (NIH) ; the differences between the 2 groups are visible at each examination time interval.
Materials and Methods e present research was approved by the local ethics committee (#16310201952014). A total of 116 human single rooted maxillary central incisors which were extracted due to periodontal reasons were chosen in this study. Written informed consent was obtained from the parents or guardians at the time of tooth extraction. e parents were informed about the purpose of the study, privacy preservation, and data anonymity. Teeth with any sign of resorption, decay, immature apex, previous restoration, crack, or fracture were excluded. To ensure the existence of a single root canal devoid of prior root canal treatment, calcifications, or resorption, radiographs of mesiodistal and buccolingual directions were taken. After extraction, any remaining soft tissues were removed from the tooth surface and the specimens were kept in a 0.
End of the road for the « homosexuality gene » Evidence for a "homosexuality gene" was claimed in the early 1990's on the basis of linkage studies that, by current criteria, were woefully underpowered. Indeed, follow up studies gave contradictory results. Genome-wide association studies, and very large databases with detailed genetic and phenotypic data, have made possible a re-examination of this issue. While modest heritability (ca. 0. 3) for homo-9 À titre de comparaison, l'héritabilité de la taille à l'âge adulte est de 90 %.
The 488-nm UV diode and a 485 to 500-nm band-pass emission filter were used to detect all bacteria stained with Syto ® 9. Biofilm stacks (123 × 123 μm) acquired at 1 μm intervals were scanned with a line average of 2. Also, zoomed images were captured using HC PL Apo 63X, 1. 4 NA oil immersion objective lens with a numerical zoom of 5. 05. Leica software (LAS AF V. 2. 2. 1) was used for microscope piloting and image acquisition. Analysis of images based on Syto ® 9 was performed in ImageJ software V1. 43m (National Institute of Health, USA) to obtain the maximum z-projection of the images.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We thank blue  ® m Europe B. V. , Netherlands  for sending us their product-blue ® m oral gel, for this study and for product-related information. We also thank the manufacturer of Hyalugel ® -ADO, Ricerfarma (Milan, Italy) and the distributer,  Laboratoire COOPER ,  Melun, France , for providing the product-related information. Our sincere gratitude to the  Microscopy Rennes Imaging Center (Biosit)  for their technical assistance for the microscopy experiments.
2] [3]  After the extraction sites have healed, the transition from the immediate prostheses to definitive ones can be done by relining or rebasing the immediate denture with a laboratory technique or fabricating new dentures. 4 Although the first option is economical, it deprives patients of their prostheses and does not permit repositioning of individual teeth. 5 0] [11] [12]  However, the authors are unaware of a description of the direct digital scanning of immediate CAD-CAM CDs using an IOS to facilitate the transition toward definitive CDs. As this option is based on the data from the immediate CDs, it offers a rapid and straightforward procedure for obtaining definitive CDs. This technique article presents a digital technique for numerically converting the information provided by immediate CAD-CAM CDs, with the aim of fabricating definitive CAD-CAM CDs over the course of only 2 appointments.
Scan the maxillomandibular record extraorally by using the same IOS (Fig. 4 ). Remove the impression material from the intaglio surfaces. Reline the immediate CDs with soft lining material (GC Tissue Conditioner; GC Europe N. V. ). Control the occlusal contacts and return the immediate CDs to the patient. 6. Send the immediate CDs (Fig. 5A ) and occlusal relationship standard tessellation language (STL) files to the dental laboratory. Define the file as an impression and create digital casts in the system's software program (3Shape Dental System DS; 3Shape A/S). Mount these casts on a virtual articulator (Fig. 5B ). Finally, virtually superimpose the teeth onto those of the immediate CDs in bilateral balanced occlusion and design the bases by using the DS software program (Fig. 5C ). 7. Fabricate the definitive CDs with a subtractive CAD-CAM workflow as presented in Figure  6.
Study design This prospective multicenter interventional open-label one-way non-randomized patient-selfcontrolled clinical trial was performed in accordance with Good Clinical Practice guidelines and the tenets of the Declaration of Helsinki. The study protocol was approved by the CPP Est-III ethics committee and by the French regulatory agency (No. 2012-A01535-38). It was registered on ClinicalTrials. gov (No. NCT02818374) https://clinicaltrials. gov/ct2/show/ results/NCT02818374?view=results. Written informed consent to participate in the study was obtained from the participants (if possible) or their legal representatives/guardians. The trial was reported according to CONSORT guidelines (S1 File).
Age was categorized as 0-12, 13-17, 18-65, and �65 years to determine whether the spatula had similar effects on oral accessibility in all age groups. Center 1 had the most patients and served as the reference site to determine whether the five other investigator sites differed in Oral Accessibility Scores. Sex, the reason for consultation, disability type, and Venham Score at inclusion were also examined for associations with Oral Accessibility Scores. The data were expressed as Odds Ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). The threshold of significance was 5%. All analyses were performed by using SAS/STAT software (SAS Inst. , Cary, NC) version 9. 4.
Results In total, 213 patients were assessed for eligibility between March 2016 and October 2018. Of these, nine were excluded because they declined to participate (n = 3) or had a Venham Score of 5 at inclusion (n = 6). Of the remaining 204 patients, the data of three were excluded from analysis because the patient died between the screening and intervention visits (n = 1) or some Oral Accessibility Score data were missing (n = 2). The data of the remaining 201 patients were analyzed (Fig  2).
Acknowledgments The authors gratefully acknowledge the following investigators for their contributions and commitment throughout this study:  Dr. Dominique Droz-Desprez  and  Prof. Catherine Strazielle  of  CHU Nancy ,  Dr. Amelie Dalstein  of  CH Emile-Durkenheim-Epinal Hospital ,  Dr. Sophie Albecker  and  Dr. Brigitte Mengus  of  Clinique St. Franc  ¸ois in Hagenau,  Dr. Marion Strub  and  Prof. Marie-Cecile Manière  of  CHU Strasbourg , and  Dr. Philippe Richardin  and  Dr. Stephane Wang  of  CHR Metz-Thionville Mercy Hospital. We also acknowledge the contributions of  Dr. Yinka Zevering  of SciMeditor Scientific Writing Services to the writing of this paper.
Study Population and Inclusion/Exclusion Criteria This is an additional analysis of a study approved by the local Institutional Ethical Committee (University Hospitals of Strasbourg, ClinicalTrials. gov Identifier: NCT02030470) and performed according to the Declaration of Helsinki (2008). The protocol has been described in details in a previous publication  [29] , thus only a brief description is provided here. All participants were given written information and their written informed consent was obtained. Recruitment of patients suffering from severe generalized chronic periodontitis  [34]   The exclusion criteria included: (a) aggressive periodontitis  [34] ; (b) smokers with more than 10 cigarettes/day; (c) antibiotic and anti-inflammatory treatments in the last six months; (d) previous periodontal therapy; (e) medical history likely to affect periodontal status and/or to compromise treatment outcomes; (f) pregnant/breastfeeding patients.
Funding: The work was supported by the  University Hospitals of Strasbourg  and grants from  Thommen ® Medical France. J. -L. D. reports non-financial support from  University Hospitals of Strasbourg , and grants from  Thommen ® Medical France , during the conduct of the study. https://clinicaltrials. gov/ct2/show/NCT02030470, ClinicalTrials. govIdentifier:  NCT02030470.
Introduction: Recent research has revealed that neurocognitive and social cognitive deficits are core features in patients with schizophrenia. However, the link between both branches of cognition remains still far from definitive in delusional disorder. Objectives: Thus, the main goal of this systematic review was to explore non-social and social cognitive deficits in patients with delusional disorder. Methods: In accordance with the PRISMA statement, a systematic computerized search was performed using Pubmed and Scopus databases from inception until 4 June 2019. Search terms: ("Social cogn*" OR "cognition" OR "cognitive" OR "neurocognition" OR "neurocognitive" OR "neuropsychological" OR "metacognitive") AND ("delusional disorder" OR "paranoia"). Inclusion criteria: a) delusional disorder (ICD or DSM) and b) studies assessing neurocognition or social cognition in delusional disorder.
To investigate the effect of different genotypes of dopamine D2 receptor (DRD2) and 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor (HTR1A) on the actual therapeutic effect of schizophrenia patients, and the distribution characteristics of receptor genotypes. Objectives: investigate the effect of different genotypes of DRD2 and HTR1A. Methods: 239 schizophrenic patients were collected. The therapeutic effect of the drugs was evaluated by PANSS score reduction rate of 30 (+10) days. The results were compared with those reported in the gene report. The aggregated data were analyzed by Excel, and different response of effective genotype receptors to drugs in clinical practice were obtained. Results: There was no statistical difference between the sexes, age and the number of effective cases in different drugs treat.
Objectives: Aim of the present meta-analysis is to compare different APs for the long-term modification of risk of major adverse cardiovascular events and related mortality, in patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Methods: All RCTs found on Medline/Embase of at least 52 weeks up to 19 December 2017, enrolling patients with bipolar disorder or schizophrenia and comparing an AP with another AP or placebo were included. The primary outcome of this analysis was the association of APs with the incidence of cardiovascular death (CVD), myocardial infarction (MI), and stroke. Mantel-Haenszel odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals (MH-OR) were calculated. Results: Of the 3013 studies screened, 92 met the selection criteria (Fig. 1 ), with 11, 6 and 24 studies reporting data on MI, stroke and CVD, respectively.
The primary endpoint was change from baseline in Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D) total score at Day 15 compared with placebo. Safety and tolerability were assessed by standard clinical assessments. Results: The initial 4-week follow-up of this Phase 3 study will be completed at the end of 2019. Data will be reported on HAM-D time points Days 3-42 (including Day 15), HAM-D response (≥50% reduction) and remission (≤7), Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) scores, and Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A) scores. Safety and tolerability data will also be reported. Conclusions: This Phase 3 study aims to confirm and extend the previous results in a larger study population utilizing two dose groups versus placebo. These results have the potential to be an important milestone in the development of SAGE-217 in the treatment of individuals with MDD.
Conclusions: Our study confirms the role of childhood abuse as a moderator of treatment response, in terms of lower effects on psychopathology and greater persistence of HPA axis alterations. Objectives: To characterise the development of disordered eating behaviours (DEBs) and related mental illnesses and identify early genetic, neural and psychopathological predictors of such trajectories. Methods: Data were from the IMAGEN study, a large, prospective and longitudinal cohort of European adolescents assessed at ages 14, 16 and 19 years. For each self-reported DEB, we compared a developer group -consisting of participants who reported the DEB at 16 or 19 years, not at 14 years-to a control group in which participants did not report the DEB at any age. Grey matter volumes (GMVs), self-reports of emotional and behavioural problems, mental health symptoms, addiction-related behaviours and personality traits were investigated as predictors.
Conflict measured on the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression. Secondary outcomes were rumination at post-treatment and depressive symptoms at 6 months follow-up (Trial registered: NCT02278224). Results: RFCBT significantly improved observer-rated depressive symptoms (Cohen's d 0. 38; 95% CI 0. 03-0. 73) relative to group CBT at post-treatment on the primary outcome. No post-treatment differences were found in rumination or in depressive symptoms at 6 months fol-low-up, although these secondary analyses may have been underpowered. Conclusions: This is the first randomized controlled trial providing evidence of benefits of RFCBT in major depression compared with CBT. Group RFCBT may be a beneficial alterna-tive to group CBT for major depression.
Phenotype and evaluation of the disease extension Assessment of the cherubism phenotype was based on clinical and paraclinical data collected retrospectively on a 6 year-old Gabonese girl admitted to our referral center (Hôpital Necker -Enfants Malades) with rapid and expansive swelling affecting the upper and lower jaws bilaterally. A standard CT scan was performed to determine the extension of the disease. To evaluate functional consequences, polysomnography and ophthalmologic examinations were performed. Histopathological data and a genetic testing confirmed the cherubism diagnosis.
Genetic testing: sequencing analysis DNA samples were obtained from peripheral leucocytes. Mutation screening was performed by direct bidirectional sequencing of exons and their flanking intronexon boundaries. The entire coding region of SH3BP2 was examined. Primers sequences and PCR conditions are available on request. The PCR products were sequenced (Big Dye Terminator Cycle Sequencing Ready Reaction Kit (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA, USA), and the reaction products were run on an automated capillary sequencer (ABI 3100 Genetic Analyzer, Applied Biosystems). Sequences were aligned using Seqscape analysis software (Applied Biosystems) and compared with the reference sequences for genomic DNA. The GenBank accession number for the genomic and mRNA sequence reference is SH3BP2 NM_003023.
Sample Selection Sample size estimation was calculated with G*Power 3. 1. 9. 2 software (Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany). Ten 10 subgroups (including 2 controls) of 20 teeth each were finally formed in order to have 80% power and an alpha error probability of 0. 05. Three-hundred and seventy freshly mandibular first permanent premolars, extracted for orthodontic reason on patients aged between 18 and 24 years old, with fully formed apices and with a total length between 21 mm and 23 mm, were obtained under a patient-informed consent. The protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee, of Medical, Odontology School, and Strasbourg University Hospital (Protocol No. 2019-05). After debridement of the root surface, specimens were immersed in a 1% NaOCl solution at 4 • C for 24 h and then stored in saline solution.
Statistical Analysis Cohen's Kappa test was applied to verify the agreement between the two observers using Minitab software (Minitab ® 18. 1, Minitab, Inc. , Pennsylvania State University, PA, USA). The Shapiro-Wilk test was used to verify the normality of data within all subgroups in each group. However, normality was never verified. Thus, the Kruskal-Wallis test (One-Way Analysis of Variance on Ranks) was used including a multiple comparison procedure (Tukey post-hoc test). Data analyses were performed with Sigma Plot (11. 2, Systat Software, Inc. , San Jose, CA, USA). A significance level at α = 0. 05 was adopted.
Considering the time required to measure, Vetterli et al. argue that although contact stylus instruments seem to capture texture information in the shortest time period, optical methods provide a better information-to-time ratio than contact stylus instruments. Contact and non-contact methods are also compared by Launhardt et al. [23] , where measurements are made and Ra, Rz, Sa and Sz parameters are generated for a polyamide-12 tensile bar fabricated using AM. Two different contact stylus systems were compared for their performance in profile acquisition, while areal data were acquired for comparison using focus variation, fringe projection and confocal laser scanning microscopy. Similar trends were observed between different instruments for the computed Ra and Sa values. Launhardt et al.
Measurement technologies We considered three of the most common areal surface measurement technologies: laser scanning confocal microscopy (CM)  [24, 25] , focus variation (FV)  [26, 27]  and coherence scanning interferometry (CSI)  [28] [29] [30] [31]. Additionally, we measured the test surfaces using X-ray computed tomography (XCT) and a contact stylus profile measurement system. XCT has recently been demonstrated capable of providing surface measurement results that are comparable to results provided by established optical measurement systems  [32, 33]. Stylus measurement is the most common method of surface data acquisition, despite only capturing profile (as opposed to areal) data  [11]  unless equipped with a lateral stage. Comparisons were then performed between data acquired using each of these methods, measuring the same area of the test surfaces using each instrument.
Areal data In each case, a corner of the cube was included in the measured area and used to relocate topography data acquired using different measurement systems. The ROIs were subsequently cropped from within the total measured area, to remove effects present near the edges and corners of the cube. Because of differences between the instruments/setups, the total measured areas varied slightly between systems, but were all approximately (3 × 3) mm in size. The cropped ROIs were (2. 5 × 2. 5) mm in size. This size was chosen in contrast to the (8 × 8) mm area suggested as the default in ISO 25178-3  [34]  because of data size limitations imposed by the current implementation of the analysis process. To measure using sufficiently high resolution to resolve the smallest features present on these surfaces, the wider (8 × 8) mm area becomes too large to process because of the computational expense of such large datasets.
1 mm copper pre-filter. A warmup scan of approximately one hour was performed prior to the scans and data were reconstructed in the manufacturer software, using no beam hardening correction and a ramp filter. Surfaces (triangulated meshes) were determined in VGStudio MAX 3. 0  [37]  from volumetric data, using the maximum gradient method over four voxels, with the ISO-50 isosurface as a starting point  [38]. Determined surfaces were outputted as triangle meshes in STL format. In each measurement setup, the sample was measured five times consecutively without moving the part between measurements for both side and top surfaces.
Profile data A comparison was made between the optical instruments and a contact stylus instrument, to provide a check on the performance of the optical systems by relying upon the well-understood physics of a contact based measurement system  [39]. An area similar to the ROI discussed in section 2. 2 was measured using the same measurement setups as outlined above, with modified measured area dimensions to account for the need for profile evaluation lengths of 4 mm (in each case, one FoV × 5 mm)  [35]. Tactile measurements were made using a contact stylus instrument with a 2 μm tip radius. Stylus measurements were made after all optical measurements were completed, to prevent any modification of the surface from the contact-based measurement process.
Areal data Raw data (height maps) from CM, CSI and FV systems were converted into a standard format (. SDF), using the software MountainsMap. The height maps were then imported into Matlab  [40]. XCT surface data, available as STL models, were also imported into Matlab  [33, 41]. Height maps were converted into triangle meshes by virtual raster scanning  [9, 14]  and co-localised by rigid transformations (rotation, translation) within a single co-ordinate system. Co-localisation was performed in two stages, involving an initial coarse localisation based on alignment of visually recognisable landmarks  [42] , followed by an automated fine alignment using an iterative closest point algorithm  [43]  as per the method described in references  [9, 14]. To co-localise the data, a single CSI dataset was arbitrarily chosen as the 'master' dataset, and one dataset from each instrument was chosen as a 'sub-master'.
The FV, XCT and CM submasters were aligned to the master CSI dataset, and all remaining datasets were aligned to their respective sub-master. This method maximises the quality of the alignment within a set of repeats from one instrument. We assume for this study that discrepancies between datasets resulting from poor alignment are negligible compared to the discrepancies between measured datasets (see reference  [14] ). Following co-localisation, the triangle meshes were converted into height maps at a resolution approximately equivalent to that of the dataset with the lowest lateral resolution (5 μm) using the method described in references  [9, 14]. This resolution is approximate as the lateral resolution of XCT surface topography measurement is poorly defined  [38] , but 5 μm was chosen as equivalent to half of the voxel size.
Profile data Raw data from CM, CSI and FV systems were imported into MountainsMap as height maps, while raw data from the contact stylus system were imported as profiles. XCT data were imported into MountainsMap and automatically converted into height maps at a spatial resolution automatically determined by MountainsMap to match the point density of the original triangulated mesh ((4. 80 × 5. 34) μm for the top surface and (3. 77 × 5. 49) μm for the side surface). Profiles were then extracted from areal data in MountainsMap from single measurements made with each optical measurement system of the same approximate area, measured using the same measurement setups described above. In all cases, profiles were acquired as per the patterns shown in Figure  3. For side surfaces, twelve equally-spaced 5 mm long profiles were acquired by scanning perpendicular to the main visible lay (i.