dataesr/scientific-paragraphs-categorization huggingface dataset:
Disclosures Lou Grangeon has received travel and accommodation expenses from Lundbeck, not related to the submitted work. Kristin Sophie Lange has received travel and accommodation expenses from Acticor Biotech and TEVA GmbH, not related to the submitted work. Wietse Wiels is a fundamental research scholar of the Flanders Scientific Research Fund (FWO). Anne Ducros had received personal fees for board membership and/or speaking from Allergan/Abbvie, Lilly, Lundbeck, Novartis, Pfizer, Teva, is associate editor of Cephalalgia and past-president of the French Headache Society, and has received research grants for her institution (CHU de Montpellier) from the Programme Hospitalier de Recherche Clinique (PHRC) and from Pfizer.
Statistical Analysis Standard descriptive statistics were used, reporting mean and standard deviation for continuous variables and percentages for categorical ones. The independent t-test was performed for normally distributed values, while the Mann-Whitney U test was used for abnormally distributed values. The chi-square test was performed to test the observed and expected data differences. A value of p < 0. 05 was deemed to be statistically significant. All analyses were performed using the Social Sciences Statistical Program (IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, IBM Corp. Released 2017, Version 25. 0 Armonk, NY, USA: IBM Corp).
Stratification Process To perform the stratification of participants, we selected among independent variables assessed for disease severity the AHI cutoff according to the AASM guidelines to define disease severity. Thus, we stratified patients into a mild-moderate OSA group when the AHI value was ≤30; instead, a severe OSA group was defined when a value of AHI > 30 was found. Other variables identified were instead introduced into the predictive models as independent variables and converted into a binary value according to the respective cutoff definition. Consequently, the splitting process of training and testing data divided the sample (N = 498) into two different homogeneous datasets. The training group included 75% (N = 373) of participants while the remaining 25% (N = 125) were used for testing.
SVM Model The same training/test set and features from the full logistic regression were later used to develop the SVM model. Several datasets are not linearly separable even in a feature space, not satisfying all the constraints in the minimization problem of SVM. To fill this gap, Slack variables are introduced to allow certain constraints to be violated. By choosing very large slack variable values, we could find a degenerate solution that would lead to model overfitting  [22]. To penalize the assignment of too large slack variables, the penalty is introduced in the classification objective: • ε i , indicates slack variables, one for each datapoint i, to allow certain constraints to be violated.
The color correlates with the average feature value at the plot position: Red areas represent highly valued features while blue areas are low. The violin plot also shows the outliers drawn as points. The analyses were conducted using Python 3. 6. 9 with Statsmodel 0. 10. 2, Scikit-learn 1. 0. 2, and Shap 0. 40 libraries. Shapley plots show the contribution of each predictor to the SVM model output in terms of SHAP value. The variables were ranked by importance in descending order and the color represents the average feature value at that position. The violin plot shows the average medium SHAP value of each independent variable; the violin plot shows the impact of a value associated with higher or lower prediction and positive or negative correlation. The violin plot also shows the outliers drawn as points.
SVM Model Performance and ROC Curve Analysis The SVM algorithm was adopted to discriminate OSA severity among participants. Through the algorithm, all the overall performance scores as accuracy (number of correct predictions/total number of predictions), ROC AUC (area under the curve), sensitivity (true positive rate), and specificity (true negative rate) were improved. In particular, the SVM model demonstrated a recall and precision score of 0. 80 and 0. 93, respectively, to assess mild to moderate OSA; instead, the outcomes were 0. 93 and 0. 81 to identify severe OSA (Table  2 ). To avoid bias within the dataset, we evaluated the model score using a 10-fold stratified cross-validation strategy, obtaining an average accuracy score of 0. 87 (95% CI = [0. 83, 0. 91]). The result of the stratified cross-validation is in line with the accuracy score of the model trained on 75% of the dataset and tested on the remaining 25%.
The algorithm provided a ROC with an AUC of 0. 92 (95% confidence interval = 0. 87-0. 97) (Figure  3 ). To avoid bias within the dataset, we evaluated the model score using a 10-fold stratified cross-validation strategy, obtaining an average accuracy score of 0. 87 (95% CI = [0. 83, 0. 91]). The result of the stratified cross-validation is in line with the accuracy score of the model trained on 75% of the dataset and tested on the remaining 25%. The algorithm provided a ROC with an AUC of 0. 92 (95% confidence interval = 0. 87-0. 97) (Figure  3 ). Among the independent variable predictors of OSAS severity assessed, dyslipidemia (0. 0623), choking (0. 0588), diabetes (0. 0576), mood disorders (0. 0486), and familiarity for OSAS (0. 0452) demonstrated a higher average impact on model output magnitude in terms of an absolute mean SHAP value.
The radial basis fFunction (RBF) kernel function expression on two samples, x∧xˆ , is defined as K (x,xˆ ) = exp(-γ|(|x-xˆ |)|ˆ2) where |(|x-xˆ |)|ˆ2 is the squared Euclidean distance between the two feature vectors, and γ is a free parameter. The RBF can be applied to a dataset by choosing two parameters, C and γ. The classifier performance of SVM depends on the choice of these two parameters.
Data collection Baseline patient characteristics collected consisted of age, sex, weight (kg), Mc Cabe score (A, B, C), coexisting conditions, Simplified Acute Physiology Score (SAPS) II, Sepsis-related Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA), and main cause of admission to the ICU. Serum sodium level (mmol/L), serum potassium level (mmol/L), serum bicarbonate level (mmol/L), serum creatinine level (mg/ dL), and arterial PaO 2 :FiO 2 (mmHg) were collected daily, and their worst value was considered in case of multiple assessment per day. Treatment with vasopressors, renal replacement therapy and mechanical ventilation were also collected daily until Day 60.
Adherence to the POINCARE-2 strategy Independent research nurses collected daily body weight, biological assays, and treatment prescriptions from Day 0 to Day 14 from medical records. To assess contamination during the control period (i. e. , whether POINCARE-2 strategy was already partially implemented before the planned implementation date), data concerning components of POINCARE-2 strategy (i. e. , body weight, biological assays, and treatment prescriptions) were also collected by independent research nurses for patients included during the control period. Weight was routinely collected daily from Day 0 to Day 14 in the strategy group, and on Day 0, Day 7, and Day 14 in the control group (or more frequently when weighing was performed more frequently as part of routine care during the control period).
We imputed missing outcomes based on the maximal bias hypothesis. In multivariable analyses, we treated missing unbalanced baseline characteristics by multiple imputation. p-values were two-sided, and statistical significance was set at 0. 05 for the primary outcome in the main analyses, and for safety outcomes. In all other analyses, we used Bonferroni adjustment. We performed all analyses using SAS© 9. 4 (SAS Institute, Inc, Cary, NC, USA). Assuming an expected 60-day mortality of 37. 5%  [22] [23] [24]  in the control group, a coefficient of variation k of 0. 26, alpha set at 0. 05, a power set at 0. 8, and a minimal 15% absolute reduction  [1, 3, 4, 23]  in mortality expected in the strategy group, a total of 917 participants recruited over 48 cluster-periods was required for CRA. We monitored data for all included patients while the trial was ongoing (list of queries available upon request).
The POINCARE-2 trial has some strengths. First, the number of critically ill patients were prospectively included in a timely manner, as planned, which is critical in a stepped wedge trial and could otherwise compromise the design. Second, the thorough monitoring of the data by an ISO 9001-certified research lab (CIC, Epidémiologie clinique) ensured their accuracy. Third, additional process evaluation, as-treated, and subgroup analyses were planned a priori, and will help further discuss the implementation, underpinning mechanisms of the strategy, context of implementation, and actual effectiveness of the POINCARE-2 strategy with regard to the results presented in this article. However, the POINCARE-2 trial also has some limitations. First, the trial was powered to detect a 15% absolute difference in 60-day mortality, which might seem high with regard to the 3% difference actually observed.
Study design and population: We conducted a monocentric retrospective study at Saint Louis Hospital in Paris, France. All patients with a con rmed diagnosis of Ph-negative MPN according to the WHO criteria  [18, 19]  followed between January 2011 and January 2021 were included. Clinical and biological characteristics at the time of diagnosis and follow-up were collected from medical charts and electronic medical records. Response to MPN therapy was evaluated according to the IWG-ELN consensus response criteria  [20, 21]. The study was approved by our institutional review board (IRB00006477, CER-2020-55) and was performed in accordance with the ethical guidelines of the Declaration of Helsinki. All patients provided informed consent for molecular and clinical data analysis.
Molecular sequencing: Next-generation targeted sequencing was performed on peripheral blood samples at MPN diagnosis as previously described  [22] , using a capture-based custom NGS (Sophia Genetics) targeting a panel of 36 genes involved in myeloid malignancies (Table  S1 ). Brie y, libraries were prepared on 200ng of DNA extracted from whole blood (Qiagen) and the sequencing was performed on a MiSeq instrument (Illumina). Bioinformatics analysis was realized at Sophia Genetics (Switzerland) using the SOPHIA DDM software and signi cant variants were retained with a sensitivity of 1%. Data was curated in a blinded fashion by two molecular biologists and single nucleotide polymorphisms identi ed according to the COSMIC database were excluded. Additional mutations were de ned as somatic mutations in genes excluding classical MPN driver genes (JAK2, CALR, and MPL).
All cases have been reviewed by two expert internists from our center (AM and DE). Patients with interferon-alphainduced AID were excluded from this study. AID and MPN diagnoses were considered concomitant if the interval between the 2 diagnoses was less than 6 months. AID manifestations were recorded at the time of diagnosis for the following organs: constitutional symptoms, cutaneous, articular (peripheral and axial), muscular, kidney, peripheral and central nervous system, cardiovascular, pulmonary, digestive, eye, ear, nose and throat (ENT) involvement. The following immunology laboratory data were also recorded if available: C-reactive protein (CRP), antinuclear antibodies (ANA), extractable nuclear antigen (ENA) antibodies, complement system (CH50, C3, C4), antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA), cryoglobulinemia, rheumatoid factor (RF), anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPA), antiphospholipid antibodies (aPLs), anti-thyroid antibodies (TPO, TGO, TRAK), angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), direct antiglobulin test, HLA B27, and B51 antigen testing.
Statistical analysis: Continuous variables are reported as medians with interquartile ranges (IQR), while categorical variables are summarized with numbers and percentages. Comparison of continuous and categorical variables between subgroups was performed by the Mann-Whitney and Fisher's exact tests respectively. Follow-up duration was estimated using the inverse method. Overall survival (OS), acute myeloid leukemia (AML)/MDS transformation-free survival (TFS), and myelo brosis-free survival (MFS) were computed starting from MPN diagnosis using the Kaplan Meier estimator. All tests were 2-sided, and statistical signi cance was de ned as p values < 0. 05. Statistical analyses were performed using R version 2022. 02. 2 for PC, while molecular data was illustrated using Circos (http://circos.
We report in this study a similar prevalence, suggesting MPN are not associated with an increased occurrence of AID, and that the distribution of autoimmune and in ammatory disorders in MPN patients is similar to the general population. A previous epidemiological study reported a potential link between AID and the risk of developing MPN, but the registry-based data were limited by subgroup analysis and the lack of detailed clinical, biological and therapeutic information  [15]. Through rigorous reviewing of all AID diagnoses by internist experts from our center, which allowed us to exclude MPN treatment-induced AID (notably with interferon-alpha) and non-immune hypothyroidism (mostly iatrogenic), we describe here the full spectrum of MPNassociated AID. Every AID diagnosis was reviewed by internal medicine specialists, and more than two third of our 95 patients with AID and MPN ful lled speci c AID classi cation criteria.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The authors thank the clinical care team of the  Comprehensive Myeloproliferative neoplasms Center  for samples and data collection, and the staff of the cellular biology laboratory for excellent technical assistance. The authors also thank the  French Intergroup for Myeloproliferative neoplasms (FIM)  for insightful discussions. LB, JJK and BC are supported by an " Association Laurette Fugain ", a " Féderation Leucémie Espoir ", a " Fondation ARC pour la recherche sur le cancer " and an " INCa Prev-Bio " funding. LB is a " CCA-INSERM-Bettencourt " laureate.
30 erformance Characterization. We tested the magnetoresistive response of the sensors at different angles and temperatures. First, we LSMO film with the indicated WB configurations acquired at room temperature and with the field applied parallel to the hard axis. Note the great difference between the AMR hysteresis loops, originated from the independent direction of magnetization rotation which reduces the 45°WB AMR ratio, while the MOKE hysteresis confirms that it is the same sample. (e) Thickness-dependent saturation field (anisotropy field) derived from AMR and MOKE measurements. As expected, the anisotropy field increases slightly with the thickness. A linear fit to the data (gray line) shows an increase of the anisotropy field with a thickness of 0. 016 mT/nm. determined the most sensitive orientation of the sensor, that is, its hard axis.
The signal was again amplified by a commercial low-noise amplifier SR560, with a 0. 01 Hz to 3 kHz filter. The overall gain of the system was 2. 5 × 10 5 V/A. The signal was finally digitalized using a USB-6363 NI DAQ, and the data were analyzed using a custom-made MATLAB program. In Vitro Biological Response Tests. All the experiments were performed in accordance with the EU guidelines (2010/63/UE) and Italian law (Decree 26/14) and were approved by the local authority veterinary service and by our institution (SISSA) animal well-being committee (OBPA). Animal use was approved by the Italian Ministry of Health (no. 22DABNQYA), in agreement with the EU Recommendation 2007/526/CE. Organotypic cultures were obtained from the spinal cords of E12 embryonic mouse (C57BL) as previously reported.
23 Myalgias were reported more often in the placebo group (6. 8% vs 5. 6% of the patients in the bempedoic acid group). The incidence of hyperuricemia was higher in the bempedoic acid group than in the placebo group (10. 9% vs. 5. 6%), however with clinically irrelevant increases of uric acid (by mean 0. 76 ± 1. 2 mg/dL) observed after 6 months in patients treated with bempedoic acid. The incidences of gout (3. 1% vs. 2. 1%) and cholelithiasis (2. 2% vs. 1. 2%) was also slightly increased for those treated with bempedoic acid. 23 Taking all available data on safety together, bempedoic acid appears to be safe and well- tolerated. Adverse effects are mild, reversible and treatment can be easily avoided in vulnerable patients.
The identification of the plant in the "Flora" image Following the methodology previously adopted  (Caneva et al. 2005; Caneva 2010; Kumbaric and Caneva 2014) , we have analyzed the herbaceous plant represented on the right side of "Flora" considering several morphological data, such as structural elements (size, plant architecture, habitus, i. e. , herbaceous, arboreous or climbing); the shapes of leaves (e. g. , oval, truncate, elliptical, lanceolate, and linear) and their general structure (simple or composed, their edges and margins, their arrangements on the stem), the flowers morphology (number of petals, color, symmetry), and eventual further diagnostic elements  (Pignatti 2019). These morphological data were used for the floristic taxonomic evaluation, and the image was compared with the hypothesized taxa, using botanic atlases of reference for Italian and Mediterranean flora  (Bonnier 1911 (Bonnier -1933;; Pignatti 2019 ; http:// dryad es.
Acknowledgements The authors acknowledge the support of NBFC to Univ of Roma  Tre/Dep. Science , funded by the  Italian Ministry of University  and Research, PNRR,  Missione 4 Componente 2 , " Dalla ricerca all'impresa ",  Investimento 1. 4 , Project  CN00000033. The  French National Research Agency (ANR)  is also thanked for funding the  ANUBIS  project (Grant number  ANR-21-CE43-0010 ).
Background We have done a systematic literature review about CRC Screening over 75 years old in order to update knowledge and make recommendations. Methods PUBMED database was searched in October 2021 for articles published on CRC screening in the elderly, and generated 249 articles. Further searches were made to find articles on the acceptability, efficacy, and harms of screening in this population, together with the state of international guidelines. Results Most benefit-risk data on CRC screening in the over 75 s derived from simulation studies. Most guidelines recommend stopping cancer screening at the age of 75. In private health systems, extension of screening up to 80-85 years is, based on the life expectancy and the history of screening. Screening remains effective in populations without comorbidity given their better life-expectancy.
Methods The benefit-risk ratio of CRC screening in the elderly was based on a search of the literature concerning key principles in cancer screening: detection of cancer in asymptomatic individuals, analysis of the benefit-risk ratio. CRC screening strategies include one-step screening by colonoscopy, or two-step screening with a first triage test followed, when positive, by a colonoscopy. The literature search was conducted using the PUB-MED database, to identify review articles published on colorectal cancer screening in the elderly. The methodological filters used were English, Review and Metaanalysis. The relevant articles were extracted in October 2021. The search equation combined Medical (MeSH) terms as follows: ("Aged"[Mesh] OR "Aged, 80 and over"[Mesh] OR "Geriatrics"[Mesh] OR elderly) AND ("Mass screening"[Mesh] OR screen*) AND ("Colorectal Neoplasms/diagnosis"[Mesh] OR "colorectal cancer").
The titles and abstracts of the 249 articles retrieved were analyzed by three physicians (VQ, LG, SM), to select relevant articles for a population older than 75 years old. Cross-references and related articles were used to enrich the literature search, and complementary searches were performed to find other articles on the acceptability, efficacy, cost-effectiveness, and harms of screening in this population, together with the state of international guidelines. The questions addressed by the working group were: What observed data are available? What are the side effects of screening in this population? How effective is screening in this population? What is the cost-effectiveness of screening in this population? What acceptability? What are the results of existing reviews? What are the international recommendations?.
The organized CRC program could be adapted and continued in the 75-80y age group. However, there is no simple, validated way to identify in the health insurance database individuals unlikely to benefit from screening. Therefore, instead of inviting subjects directly, the invitation could be sent to GPs, who would then select among their patients those who meet screening criteria. Alternatively, CRC screening after 75y could be left to the discretion of the GP, without involving a centralized structure. The first challenge is to guide the physician in selecting subjects who could benefit from screening, keeping in mind the necessary clinical eligibility of the patient for colonoscopy (including anesthesia) in case of a positive FOBT, together with the risk of overdiagnosis and colonoscopy complications.
In the current work, high angular resolution susceptibility imaging (HARSI) is proposed as a novel, phase-based methodology to estimate ODFs. A multiple gradient-echo dataset was acquired in an entire fixed chimpanzee brain at 61 orientations by reorienting the specimen in the magnetic field. The constant solid angle method was adapted for estimating phase-based ODFs. HARDI data were also acquired for comparison. HARSI yielded information on whole-brain fiber architecture, including identification of peaks of multiple bundles that resembled features of the HARDI results. Distinct differences between both methods suggest that susceptibility properties may offer complementary microstructural information. These proof-of-concept results indicate a potential to study the axonal organization in post-mortem primate and human brain at high resolution.
, 2013). Important improvements are achieved with High Angular Resolution Diffusion Imaging (HARDI) techniques, sampling 60 or even more diffusion directions  (Frank et al. , 2001; Tournier et al. , 2004; Tuch et al. , 2002; 1999). This includes highquality estimations of fiber orientation distribution functions (ODFs) and resolving intersecting fiber bundles. Compared to these developments in diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), the need for physical rotation of the object and the complex processing pipeline of multi-orientational susceptibility imaging has led to datasets of limited angular resolution so far. For example, STI acquisitions in formalin-fixed mouse brain specimens were obtained with 19 orientations, which were evenly distributed on a spherical surface if a sufficiently large radiofrequency (RF) coil could be used  (Liu et al.
Brain container for reorientation imaging For preparatory experiments, the specimen was centered in an oval-shaped acrylic container of suitable size (15cm long-axis and 10cm short-axis diameter) and stabilized with sponges. The container was filled with liquid perfluoropolyether (Fomblin ® ; Solvay Solexis, Bollate, Italy) to protect the tissue from dehydration and to achieve approximate matching of the susceptibility at the brain surface  (Benveniste et al. , 1999). With this setup, a threedimensional (3D) high-resolution  1 -weighted MP2RAGE (Magnetization-Prepared 2 RApid Gradient Echoes) dataset was acquired. Phase-sensitive acquisitions at multiple orientations with respect to the main magnetic field require physical rotations of the object. During these measurements, the sample may be subjected to gravity-induced non-linear deformations, which are inconsistent between scans unless measures are taken to preserve the shape.