dataesr/scientific-paragraphs-categorization huggingface dataset:
Cadaster dataset The cadaster, or land registry, dataset gives an annual overview of property ownership. This data is used by the French government services for fiscal purposes. It therefore includes full and precise information concerning land ownership for unbuilt or built property (DGALN-AD3 -CEREMA Nord-Picardie, 2017). We particularly focused on the parcel map and on data concerning landowners and householders (e. g. number of owners, public or private status), land use, and building types (e. g. flat, house, industrial or commercial buildings). The intersections of the data provide detailed geospatial information on urbanization processes (ownership changes, construction pace etc. ).
2 ), (  5 ) intersection with built-up areas, streets, or cemeteries, and (6) parcel or parcel aggregation dimension < 200 m². Fig. 3  summarizes the exclusion factors. Once these exclusion constraints were defined, the spatial dataset was processed to remove the vacant land parcels where agriculture is not possible. An additional GIS analysis was done to remove residual errors, especially those related to the morphology of parcels. In particular, we aimed to eliminate plots with a very slender shape, unsuitable for agriculture, which in the majority of cases correspond to residual portions of private roads (public roads are not mapped in the cadaster plan). To do this, a compactness coefficient (first given by Gravelius and often used in hydrology studies) was applied, and calculated as follows: K = 0.
Cooperatives New layer 2018 The cooperative locations were found on the web site "coopdefrance", and then put in a vector format. a Access to the 2014 version was denied to our research group because the dataset producer considered that the information contained in the dataset was too sensitive in policy terms. opportunities. The classification was based on the same criteria as those defined for Fig. 4  (without taking into account the scoring step). Thus, this classification provides an overview of the agricultural production possible in each cluster. Finally, we examined the possible threat which urban and suburban fronts represent for the vacant lands which offer the highest opportunities for an agricultural valorization. We carried out a proximity analysis of the newly artificialized spaces compared to the vacant lands with a score higher than 1.
Methodological discussion In terms of methodology, one of the main challenges was the detailed scale of work. As previously mentioned, all the spatial analyses were carried out at parcel scale in order to enable the use of the results as a base for spatial planning by policy makers. On such a vast study area, the investigations employed mainly land-use data with a larger mesh size (e. g. Corine Land Cover dataset) which just consider polygons bigger than 25 ha  (Schmit et al. , 2006; Santa Olalla Manas et al. , 2003). This potentially hides a part of the vacant lands, in particular within the urban fabric. However, this approach is limited by the low number of relevant datasets available at the parcel scale, and which are therefore not included in the analysis, such as soil quality. Nevertheless, we consider here that the quality of soils is a less determining factor influencing the possibility of extending agricultural development in the case studies than the major factor of land availability.
Acknowledgements This work was supported by the  Fondation de France, 40 avenue Hoche 75008 Paris  through the  DURB  project, headed by  Guilhem Boulay  ( UMR ESPACE, Avignon University ). The authors also wish to thank all the local experts who agreed to answer our questions and to participate in our workshops, as well as the students of the  GEOTER Master's degree of Avignon University  (year 2018-19). We thank  Beverley Marshall  of IBL for the English revision. We finally wish to thank the reviewers for their constructive comments.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS M. Z. , C. S. and A. A. acknowledge support by the  Max Planck Society  ( Max Planck Research Group ). M. Z. acknowledges support by the  Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF)  under " Make our Planet Great Again -German Research Initiative " (Grant No. 57427209  " QUESTforENERGY ") implemented by DAAD. J. F. acknowledges  Department of Energy  grant number  DE SC-0012375. W. D. acknowledges support from the  Joint Center for Artificial Photosynthesis , a  DOE Energy Innovation Hub , supported through.
The half-adder consists of three magnetic nanowires and spin-wave amplifier, and replaces 12 to 20 transistors in various CMOS implementations. • Unconventional spin-wave computing. Here we would like to report on the significant progress in spin-wave logic and memory devices prototyping since the first publication  [52]. The most notable results include a twobit magnonic holographic memory where spin waves were exploited for magnetic bit parallel-read-out (see figures 7(a) and (b))  [57]. Multi-terminal spin-wave devices were used for special type data processing in the following studies. The feasibility of data encoding in the phase combination of input spin-waves has been demonstrated. The recognition of the input pattern is accomplished by measuring the inductive voltage produced by the interfering spin waves.
Acknowledgments MK has received financial support from the  National Science Center of Poland  (Project Number  UMO-2018/30/Q/ST3/00416 ). JG acknowledges financial support by the  Federal Ministry of Education and Research of Germany  in the framework of DynaMAX (Project Number  05K18EYA ). Acknowledgments AVC acknowledges financial support by the  European Research Council Starting  Grant  678309  MagnonCircuits. Acknowledgments Financial support of the  European Research Council  within the  Advanced Grant 694709 SuperMagnonics 'Supercurrents of Magnon Condensates for Advanced Magnonics'  is gratefully acknowledged. Acknowledgments The research of SAN was supported by the  Government of the Russian Federation  ( Agreement 074-02-2018-286 ) within the  laboratory 'Terahertz spintronics ' of the  Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (National University ) and by the State task  0030-2019-0013.
7. Short wavelength magnonics Acknowledgments DG thanks  SNSF  for financial support via Grants  163016 ,  177550  and sinergia project 171003 Nanoskyrmionics. HY thanks the financial support from  NSF China  under Grants No. 11674020  and No. U1801661 , and the  National Key Research and Development Program of China  ( 254 ). Acknowledgments Work was supported by the  Ministry of Education and Science of Russia  in the framework of Project No. FSRR-2020-0005. J-Y Duquesne  and  M Marangolo  thank  P Rovillain ,  L Thevenard  and  C Gourdon  four useful discussions.
Acknowledgments We are grateful to  George Bourianoff  (formerly at  Intel Corp. ) for numerous discussions over the years and also for seed funding for our work. We gratefully acknowledge discussions with  Riccardo Bertacco  ( Politecnico di Milano ),  Andrii Chumak  ( Univ. Vienna) , and  Philipp Pirro  ( TU Kaiserslautern ). We benefited greatly from original research done by  Ádam Papp  ( Pazmany University ) and  Markus Becherer  ( TU Munich ). This work was partially supported by the  DARPA NAC (Nature as Computer) program.
Acknowledgments Please include any acknowledgments and funding information as appropriate. The work is supported partially by  A * STAR AME-IRG  (Grant No. A1983c0037 ),  NUS   Hybrid-Integrated Flexible (Stretchable) Electronic Systems Program, SpOT-LITE program  (A *  STAR Grant ,  A18A6b0057 ) through RIE2020 funds, the  Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) ,  Priority Program 'Topological Insulators: Materials-Fundamental Properties-Devices SPP 1666' and Priority Program 'Skyrmionics Topological Spin Phenomena in Real-Space for Applications SPP 3137 '.
Spin-wave nonreciprocity Pedro Landeros 1,2 ,  Rodolfo A Gallardo  1,2 , and  Giovanni Carlotti  3,4 Acknowledgments PL and RAG acknowledge funding from  FONDECYT   11170736 , and  1201153 , and  Financiamiento Basal para Centros Científicos y Tecnológicos de Excelencia (CEDENNA) , under project  AFB180001. GC acknowledges financial support from the  EMPIR  program  17FUN08-TOPS , co-financed by the Participating States and from the  European Union 's  Horizon 2020 research and innovation program. Acknowledgments RLS: acknowledges the support of the  Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC). Cette recherche a été financée par le Conseil de recherches en sciences naturelles et en génie du  Canada (CRSNG). REC thanks  UCCS  for Distinguished Professor research funding.
Acknowledgments This review is supported by  Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on   Innovative Area, 'Nano Spin Conversion Science ' Acknowledgments This work was supported by  JSPS Kakenhi  (Grant No. 19H00645  and No. 20K14369 ). TY acknowledges financial support by  Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft  through the  Emmy Noether Program  ( SE 2558/2-1 ). Acknowledgments CB acknowledges fruitful discussion with  Takuya Taniguchi ; GSU thanks  Maik Malki  for useful discussions and providing the figures. Acknowledgments OVD acknowledges financial support by the  European Cooperation in Science and Technology via COST Action CA16218 (NANOCOHYBRI)  and  ERC  Starting Grant 678309 MagnonCircuits. HQ acknowledges financial support from the  Academy of Finland  (Grant Nos. 317918  and  325480 ).
The world faces difficulties in terms of eye care, including treatment, quality of prevention, vision rehabilitation services, and scarcity of trained eye care experts. Early detection and diagnosis of ocular pathologies would enable forestall of visual impairment. One challenge that limits the adoption of computer-aided diagnosis tool by ophthalmologists is the number of sight-threatening rare pathologies, such as central retinal artery occlusion or anterior ischemic optic neuropathy, and others are usually ignored. In the past two decades, many publicly available datasets of color fundus images have been collected with a primary focus on diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration and few other frequent pathologies. To enable development of methods for automatic ocular disease classification of frequent diseases along with the rare pathologies, we have created a new Retinal Fundus Multi-disease Image Dataset (RFMiD).
Thus, screening of eyes coupled with timely consultation and treatment is a globally trusted policy to avoid vision loss and damage to other parts of the body. Early detection and diagnosis of ocular pathologies in the initial stage of disease progression would enable forestall of visual impairment. Thus, to reduce the socioeconomic burdens of visual loss, development of an automatic disease screening system is important. In the past few decades, larger amount of color fundus images of diabetic patients were collected through Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) screening programs  [5] [6] [7]. Some datasets were also developed for two other sight-threatening pathologies, Glaucoma  [8] [9] [10]  and Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD)  [11] [12] [13] [14]. Patients visiting DR screening programs may also suffer from other diseases, such as Glaucoma and AMD; thus, multi-disease detection is crucial.
However, the datasets used for these studies are either private datasets or they include only a few pathologies. But, along with the detection of frequent pathologies, detection and diagnosis of other sight-threatening rare pathologies, like central retinal artery occlusion or anterior ischemic optic neuropathy and others are important. The detection of these rare pathologies is usually ignored that usually occur in routine clinical checkups. This restricts the adoption of automated screening systems by the ophthalmologists. Recent studies highlight importance of efforts in the direction of multi-disease detection  [15, 16]. To boost the efforts towards development of generalizable retinal screening system, this dataset is available as a part of "Retinal Image Analysis for multi-Disease Detection Challenge (http://biomedicalimaging.
• Classification of retinal images into 45 different categories. The dataset is split into 3 subsets: training 60% (1920 images), evaluation 20% (640 images), and test 20% (640 images) sets. The disease wise stratification on average in training, evaluation and test set is 60 ± 7 %, 20 ± 7%, and 20 ± 5%, respectively. The main motto of this dataset is to provide multiple diseases that appear in routine clinical practice. The labels are provided in three CSV files RFMiD_Training_Labels. CSV, RFMiD_Validation_Labels. CSV, and RFMiD_Testing_Labels. CSV. The information available in the CSV file is illustrated in Figure  1 , with each column explanation given as follows:.
Annotation of Images Initially, all the images were labeled by two ophthalmologists independently. The reference standard for presence of different diseases was assigned based on the comprehensive evaluation of the subjects clinical records and visual fields. If a fundus image shows presence of more than one disease, then multiple labels are assigned to the single image. After the ophthalmologists completed initial labeling of fundus photographs, the leader of the project team checked and confirmed or corrected through consultation from both the ophthalmologists when difference in diagnostic assessments was observed to get adjudicated consensus for the labels. Table  3  presents number of images per class in the dataset. A brief explanation about the disease/abnormality with their significant visual characteristics of all 45 categories is given below: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus and is a leading cause of vision loss in the elderly and working population.
These visual signs are shown in Figure  3c. Tessellation (TSLN) in the fundus images appears due to the thinning of the RPE and choriocapillaris. The choroidal vessels (shown in Figure  4a ) are visible due to the reduced density of the pigments. Mild tessellation occurs with aging and it might be present in normal retinal image. Moderate tessellations are related to myopia  [23]. In the database, the label tessellation is given to images with moderate tessellations. Epiretinal membrane (ERM) is a thin sheet of glial cells that appears as an irregular light reflex on the surface of macular region of the retina as shown in Figure  4b. Symptoms associated with ERM are loss of central vision and decreased visual acuity  [24]. Laser scars (LS) indicate that patient had underwent laser therapy which is predominately preferred treatment method to stop the progression of vascular leaks  [25].
Additionally, a randomized phase 3 clinical trial is ongoing (clinicaltrials. gov NCT: NCT04401748). AZA has also been the standard of care for patients with AML ineligible for intensive chemotherapy (IC): median OS was 10. 4 months and the ORR was 31%, including 28% of patients with CR or CR with incomplete blood count recovery (CRi)  [24]. Recently, AZA combined with VEN was approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the European Medicines Agency (EMEA) and has become the new standard of care for AML patients ineligible for IC  [25]. The combination treatment showed a significant increase in median OS at 14. 7 months and the ORR was also significantly higher at 66. 4%, including 36. 7% of patients with CR and 29. 7% with CRi. The schedule was different than in MDS, with AZA 75 mg/m 2 /d subcutaneously day 1-7 + VEN 400 mg/d orally day 1-28 on 28-day cycles.
The median duration of CR was 11. 7 months, and 8% of included patients proceed to ASCT. With a median follow-up of 9. 7 months, median OS was 12. 1 months. The safety profile was similar for the hematological toxicity, but neurological side effects were reported in this trial for 40% of patients (including only 6% of grade 3 or 4). Neurological side effects were fully reversible, and no recurrence was observed after dose reduction. It was significantly related to a lower glomerular filtration rate at treatment onset and a higher age of the included population. In these studies, results seemed better in TP53 mutated MDS patients. The ORRs were 62-73%, including 47-50% of patients with CR and 47-48% with TP53 NGS negativity. Based on these results, a phase 3 clinical trial is ongoing to evaluate efficacy of AZA + eprenetapopt in TP53 MDS patients versus azacitidine monotherapy (clinicaltrials.
gov NCT: NCT03745716). Notably, according to a recent press release, although the CR rate was higher in the combination arm, this did not reach statistical significance (33. 3% vs. 22. 4%; p = 0. 13). Although disappointing, key questions remain to be answered from this study, particularly regarding potential reasons of lower activity in than in the earlier phase 2 trials, potentially via undertreatment in the experimental arm, as well as if subgroups of patients had differential responses. Investigations in AML are ongoing with triplet strategies. In the above studies, the ORR was lower for AML patients (especially in AML patients with more than 30% of blasts). Specifically, the ORR was 45-64%, including 27-36% CR in AML patients with low blast counts, and 14% including 0% CR for AML patients with more than 30% of blasts.
Based on these results, a phase 1 study is ongoing evaluating AZA + VEN + eprenetapopt in TP53 mutated AML (clinicaltrials. gov NCT: NCT04214860). Importantly, a maintenance trial with azacitidine is ongoing post allogeneic HSCT given the very high rate of relapse in this molecular subgroup (clinicaltrials. gov NCT: NCT03931291). Finally, an oral form of eprenetapopt (APR-548) combined to AZA is in development in TP53 mutated MDS/AML and could potentially replace eprenetapopt intravenously in the future (clinicaltrials. gov NCT: NCT04638309). Eprenetapopt is a safe and effective targeted therapy in TP53 myeloid neoplasms. The best combination to obtain improved OS and ORR still needs to be evaluated. Furthermore, evaluation of novel combinations in both the frontline and R/R setting are warranted.
Specifically, the synergy is mediated via upregulation of the pro-eat me signal calreticulin in the setting of azacitidine and in an aggressive AML xenograft model. Combination therapy led to increased macrophagemediated phagocytosis, disease eradication and improved OS versus with either agent alone, and served as the pre-clinical data supporting this combination in MDS/AML patients. More importantly, these data have been demonstrated clinically with multiple presentations from 2019-2020. At the 2020 EHA Congress, very high response rates were observed in MDS patients (91% ORR, 42% CR), including high responses in TP53 mutant MDS patients (NCT03248479). These promising results supported the FDA Breakthrough Designation and support the ongoing, randomized double-blind placebo-controlled phase 3 ENHANCE study (NCT04313881).
More recently, data were presented on the TP53 mutant AML cohort at ASH of 2020. Importantly, in the TP53 mutant AML cohort of evaluable patients (n = 29), the CR/CRi rate was 59% with a median OS of 12. 9 months to date, although follow-up was short (median follow-up of 4. 7 months). Importantly, patients achieved a high depth of response with 44% complete cytogenetic response and 29% MRD negativity by high sensitivity multi-parameter flow cytometry. These data support the planned phase 3 open-label study of AZA + magrolimab vs. AZA + VEN in unfit AML patients and versus induction chemotherapy in fit patients with a primary endpoint of OS in the non-intensive group (ENHANCE-2; NCT04778397). As discussed above, any agent that tips the balance of pro-eat me signals could serve as a combination partner for CD47-SIRPα inhibitor therapies, which could include traditional cytotoxic chemotherapies, venetoclax and others.
Additionally, these agents can also synergize with other monoclonal antibodies targeting surface antigen of cancer cells, whereby these agents serve as pro-eat me signals (i. e. , acting as an extrinsic pro-phagocytic signal through Fc receptor/macrophage-mediated antibody dependent cellular phagocytosis as occurs with rituximab in B-cell malignancies). Given the potential cross-activation of the adaptive immune response, combination with traditional immune checkpoint inhibitors (e. g. , PD-1 or PDL1 inhibitors) is a novel therapeutic option and a trial is ongoing in R/R AML with the anti-PDL1 inhibitor atezolizumab (NCT03922477). As a primary mechanism of action of CD47 targeted therapy may be via leukemia stem cell (LSC) elimination, combining it with other antibody and cellular therapies that also focus on LSC eradication would be of clinical importance.
This result opens up the possibility of performing large parameter studies of axisymmetric thick disks to fit observational data and better constrain the physical properties of the accretion flows. For the future, we aim to investigate the behavior of SANE disks for different profiles for the resistivity and mean-field dynamo coefficients  [24]  and to perform 3D simulations, so as to check whether our current results are robust, given that significant non-axisymmetric ideal and dynamo instabilities could arise  [41]. Finally, we will extend our analysis to MAD disks, which will be the subject of the second part of the Code Comparison Project (Olivares et al. in prep).
Notably, it could help to decide whether neoadjuvant chemotherapy is needed or determine whether patients would respond to COX-2 inhibitors therapy. Up to now, numerous radioligands targeting COX-2 have been developed for SPECT or PET applications. Reviews by Laube et al. , de Vries et al. , and Pacelli et al. , summarized their structures and synthesis methods and highlighted the challenges encountered in the development of COX-2 radiotracers  (21) (22) (23). In the present review, we explore the recent progress of COX-2 molecular imaging in CRC, by comparing the radioligands' characteristics and highlighting the obstacles that remain to be overcome in order to achieve the clinical development of such a radiotracer. The PubMed database was screened using pre-defined search dates (January 1995-January 2021).
FUNDING This work was supported by the  French National Agency for Research (Investissements d'Avenir No. ANR-11-LABX-0018-01 ), IRON, by the  Site de Recherche Intégrée sur le Cancer Imaging and Longitudinal Investigations  to Ameliorate Decision-making SIRIC-ILIAD, and by the  Région Centre Val de Loire RTR Motivhealth.
Acknowledgments: Figure 1 has been drawn with the BioRender© online tool (available online at https://biorender. com (accessed on  31 August 2021 )). Merck Sharp & Dohme ,  Pfizer ,  Puma Biotechnology, Queen Mary University of London ,  Roche , and Piqur; travel, accommodations, and expenses from  Roche ,  Pfizer ,  Eisai ,  Novartis , and  Daiichi Sankyo. Lucia Del Mastro  has acted as a consultant for  Roche ,  Novartis ,  MSD ,  Pfizer ,  Ipsen , As-traZeneca,  Genomic Health, Lilly, Seattle Genetics ,  Eisai ,  Pierre Fabre , and  Daiichi Sankyo ; received speaker honoraria from  Roche ,  Novartis ,  Lilly  and MSD; and travel grants from  Roche ,  Pfizer , and  Celgene , outside the submitted work. Miguel Martin  has declared honoraria from  Roche/Genentech ,  Lilly ,  Pfizer ,  Novartis , and  Pierre Fabre ; consulting or advisory role for  Roche / Genentech ,  Novartis ,  Pfizer ,  Lilly ,  AstraZeneca ,  Taiho Pharmaceutical , and  PharmaMar ; speakers' bureau from  Lilly/ImClone ,  Roche/Genentech , and  Pierre Fabre ; research funding from  Novartis ,  Roche , and  Puma Biotechnology.