dataesr/scientific-paragraphs-categorization huggingface dataset:
Data analysis Data cut-off dates were 23 October 2015 for PALOMA-3 (later than 5 December 2014 cut-off date for interim analysis reported by Turner et al. [12] ) and 26 February 2016 for PALOMA-2. For efficacy, safety, and PROs, the data were analyzed by baseline metastatic site (visceral and nonvisceral) and treatment arm. Baseline characteristics and efficacy results were reported for patients in the intent-to-treat populations. Median PFS (mPFS) was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier (KM) method. Hazard ratios (HRs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using Cox proportional hazard model. In this report, the nominal P values for efficacy are presented without adjusting for multiplicity. Odds ratios and their 95% CIs were calculated for confirmed ORRs. A subpopulation treatment effect pattern plot (STEPP) analysis  [15]  was conducted to graph the treatment effect for PFS (HR) across a continuum of baseline treatment-free intervals (TFIs) of various subgroups in PALOMA-2; TFI was defined as the time from the end of (neo)adjuvant treatment to disease recurrence.
Participants Under the supervision of their GP tutors, senior medical students on placement used the electronic practice management systems to generate a list of all patients aged 1 (to facilitate a review of one year of healthcare utilisation) to 14 years (the upper age for new referrals to paediatrics in many clinics). Using Microsoft Excel, the students were able to randomly select a sample of 100 children. Children who had not been registered with the practice for 12 months were excluded. Data was collected on consultations that took place over a 12 month period between 1/09/13 to 31/08/14. This timeframe was before the legislation for free health care to children under-6 years was implemented.
Statistical analysis Numeric variables were tested for normality and summarised using mean (standard deviation) for normally distributed variables and median (first quartile, third quartile) for skewed distributions. Counts and percentages are presented for categorical data. Pearson's chi-square test was used to test for significant associations between categorical variables. A 5% level of significance was used for all tests. Cramer's V was used as a measure of the strength of the association, with 0. 1 consider small, 0. 3 medium and 0. 5 large. A binary logistic regression analysis was carried out to predict visit in the last year (yes, no) using gender, age and eligibility for fee exemption medical care (not eligible, eligible) as predictor variables. All analysis was carried out using IBM SPSS Version 21.
The six locations per treatment were selected along a continuous landscape gradient covering landscapes (radius 1 km) with very little semi-natural grassland to landscapes with larger areas of grassland (range of seminatural grassland area for each treatment level: "new": 12. 0-71. 8 ha, mean = 48. 6 ha; "old: 15. 9-136. 5 ha, mean = 72. 1 ha; 'control': 2. 8-139. 3 ha, mean = 56. 3 ha). The radius size was selected prior to field site selection to identify sites along an appropriate landscape gradient and because aspects of predator communities in the study region were previously affected at this spatial scale  (Rusch et al. , 2014; Birkhofer et al. , 2016). Semi-natural grasslands were unimproved grasslands not receiving synthetic fertilizers. We used land-use cover data from the Swedish Board of Agriculture's Integrated Administrative and Control System database (IACS, 'Blockdatabasen') to calculate area sizes.
g. Birkhofer et al. , 2008a). All ground-running natural enemies were identified to family level (in order of pooled numbers across all sampling approaches and dates and per order): Lycosidae (7110 individuals), Linyphiidae (3290), Tetragnathidae (796), Gnaphosidae (171) Thomisidae (152), Theridiidae (106), Clubionidae (26), Phrurolithidae (23), Zoridae (8), Hahniidae (7), Dictynidae (4), Pisauridae (3), Salticidae (2), Agelenidae (2), Araneidae (1; all Araneae), Carabidae (21349), Staphylinidae (18650; both Coleoptera). The term family composition refers to the multivariate abundance (emergence) or activity density (activity and spillover) data for these families. Yield data was obtained from farmers by a questionnaire and was standardized across different types of cereals using FAOSTAT production data (accessed 14 July 2016) for the average yield of each cereal type in Sweden in 2014.
The area of permanent grassland was fitted first in these models followed by the random factor location to first account for the landscape structure and then account for site specific conditions that are not related to the area of permanent grassland. Individual dependent variables from the multivariate datasets were only tested in case of a significant non-random term in the multivariate model to account for multiple testing (protected ANOVA approach to multivariate analyses,  Quinn and Keough, 2002). All sub sections in the results follow the order: 1. ) results from a global model, 2. ) results from models for individual families for significant main factors and 3. ) results in terms of the relative number of individuals between different levels of significant factors for each significantly affected family.
For intracellular staining, cell suspensions were fixed and permeabilized using BD Fixation/Permeabilization kit. Before permeabilization cells were stained. The cells were then suspended with Fixable Viability Dye eFluor506 (eBioscience) for exclusion of dead cells. Data were collected on a BD LSRII/Fortessa (BD Biosciences) and analyzed using FlowJo software (Tree Star). Sorting of tAChRspecific CD4 + T cells was performed using FACSARIA-SORP (BD Biosciences).
Statistical Analysis All data are presented as mean ± standard error of the mean (SEM) and overall differences between variables were evaluated by Mann-Whitney U test. All tests were performed with GraphPad Prism version 6. 0 Software. A p-value ≤0. 05 was considered significant ( * p ≤ 0. 05, * * p ≤ 0. 01, * * * p ≤ 0. 005).
Vav1 R63W Confers Increased Susceptibility to Experimental Autoimmune Myasthenia Gravis To analyze the impact of Vav1 R63W on the susceptibility to antibody-mediated EAMG, wild-type and Vav1 R63W KI mice were immunized twice with tAChR at 4 weeks interval (Figure  1A ). EAMG was assessed by analyzing the loss of AChR at the NMJ, 3 weeks after the second immunization. AChR contents were significantly reduced in most of the tAChRimmunized mice as compared with mice primed with CFA alone (data not shown). Interestingly, muscle AChR loss was significantly more pronounced in Vav1 R63W KI mice as compared to wild-type mice (Figure  1B ). Next, we determined the effect of Vav1 R63W on the production of AChR-specific autoantibodies (Figure  1C ). Vav1 R63W KI mice exhibited a non-significant increase in the concentration of autoantibodies (3.
24 vs. 2. 33 nM in wild-type littermates). This is consistent with previous studies showing that the serum concentration of AChR-specific antibodies does not necessarily correlate with AChR loss in total body musculature  (30, 31). Of note, the percentage and absolute numbers of plasma cells and germinal center B cells were similar between WT and Vav1 R63W KI Mice (Figure  1D ). Together, these data show that Vav1 R63W favors the development of EAMG and this was not associated with the disruption of B cell response. Vav1 R63W Favors the Production of Effector Cytokines by tAChR-Specific CD4 + T Cells Next, we evaluated the impact of Vav1 R63W on tAChR-specific CD4 + T cell responses. In C57BL6 mice, tAChR-specific CD4 + T cells are mostly directed against the immunodominant epitope of the protein contained in the sequence 146-162 of the tAChR α-subunit presented by I-A b molecules.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We sincerely thank  Anne S. Dejean ,  Anne Astier ,  Daniel Dunia  and  Roland Liblau  for their helpful suggestions and  Bernard Malissen  for generating the Vav1R63W KI mice. We acknowledge the technical assistance provided by the personnel of  Inserm   US006  Anexplo/creffre animal facility. Flow cytometry experiments have been done at the CPTP-INSERM U1043 core facility connected to  Toulouse Réseau Imagerie network. We thank  Fatima-Ezzahra L'Faqihi ,  Valérie Duplan  and  Anne-Laure Iscache  for technical assistance and/or for cell sorting. This work was supported by  INSERM ,  Association Française contre les Myopathies ,  Fight-MG  ( FP7-Health-2009-242210 ), the  Agence Nationale de la Recherche  and the  Aninfimip , an  EquipEx program  ( Equipement d'Excellence)  supported by the  French government  through the  Investments for the Future program  ( ANR-11-EQPX-0003 ).
Estimated GFR, graft, and patient survival will also be collected at 1, 3, and 10 years via the national database of organ recipients. Discussion: Improvement of ECD grafts is a public health priority, since better ECD outcomes could eventually limit organ shortage. MRA administration in the early phase of KT may prevent IRI and subsequently improve mid-term graft function. The trial will also assess the safety of MRA administration in this population, primarily the absence of threatening hyperkalemia.
Twenty-four hour proteinuria and microalbuminuria levels at 3 months 4. The occurrence of hyperkalemia > 6 mmol/L during the first week following KT 5. The length of hospital stay for the KT (days) 6. The occurrence of biopsy-proven acute rejection in the first 3 months following KT In addition, estimated GFR (eGFR, using the Chronic Kidney Disease-Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) formula), graft, and patient survival data will be collected at 1, 3, and 10 years via the French national database of organ recipients (CRISTAL, Agence de la Biomédecine).
Statistical analysis plan Sample size and power calculation According to French statistical data (https://www. agenc e-biomedecine. fr/annexes/bilan2016/donnees/organes/06 -rein/synthese. htm), the mean eGFR at 3 months among patients receiving a kidney graft from an ECD is 42 mL/min. Inclusion of 126 patients will allow identifying of a difference of 7 mL/min/1. 73 m 2 between the two groups (42 mL/min/1. 73 m 2 in the placebo group and 49 mL/min/1. 73 m 2 in the eplerenone group), with a standard deviation of 14 mL/min, a two-sided alpha risk of 5%, and a beta risk of 20% (power 80%). Since it is anticipated that 5% of patients could be included but not randomized or could withdraw their consent, we will target the inclusion of 132 patients.
Interim analyses and study termination rules An independent Data Safety and Monitoring Board (DSMB) comprising four international experts in kidney transplantation, biostatistics, and pharmacology (Prof. M. Kessler, Prof. D. Anglicheau, Dr. E. Gayat, and Dr. S. Crepin) will be responsible for ensuring the safety of the trial and for monitoring the progress of the research in accordance with the protocol. SAEs will be monitored during DSMB sessions, blinded for the randomization arm. No interim analysis is planned. The DSMB may decide to terminate the trial early for the following reasons: detection of adverse events, poor data quality, low levels of implementation, fraud, or new information which would rule the trial unnecessary, futile, or unethical.
Data management of the study Clinical data management is performed at the Nancy Clinical Investigation Center using the Ennov Clinical® v7. 5 Electronic Data Capture solution. Individual and secured access is provided to remote users who performed the data entry on the electronic CRF. Edit verifications are performed according to the Data Validation Plan. After database lock, the data will be provided as SAS® files to the statistical team for data analysis under the leadership of the trial's methodologist.
Justification of the primary outcome In this study, we chose to assess graft function at 3 months as opposed to the incidence of DGF. It is indeed very difficult to determine a consensual definition of DGF, considering that 18 definitions have been proposed to date in the literature  [9] , hence reflecting the complexity of the mechanisms involved in this clinical feature. The most frequent definition is the necessity of at least one dialysis session during the first week following KT. Despite its practical value for data collection (easy to collect), this definition has certain pitfalls. The decision to perform or not perform a dialysis session is the result of the clinician's assessment and may vary according to the physician. Moreover, a dialysis session may be performed due to hyperkalemia or overhydration, which can be independent or partially dependent of DGF.
Funding The EPURE Transplant study was supported by a grant from the  French Ministry of Health  ( Programme Hospitalier de Recherche Clinique Inter Régional 2014 ). The authors are supported by a public grant overseen by the  French National Research Agency (ANR)  as part of the second " Investissements d'Avenir" program  (reference:  ANR-15-RHU-0004 ), and  GEENAGE Impact Lorraine Université d' Excellence -reference  ANR-15-IDEX-04-LUE ).
n. Thus, the genus Paguropsis is rediagnosed, and the new genus diagnosed. Both P. typica and P. andersoni are redescribed and illustrated, and all new species fully described and illustrated. Information on coloration is presented for all seven species with newly obtained color photographs. A key to the species of Paguropsis and Paguropsina gen. n. is provided, along with a brief discussion of the biogeography and significance of the morphology of the two genera among the Paguroidea. To assist in future phylogenetic studies, genetic data for each of the seven species is reported for the mitochondrial COI barcode region and partial sequences of 12S and 16S rRNA (Table  1 ).
01 from the midpoint of the rostral lobe to the midpoint of the posterior margin of the shield. Miscellaneous abbreviations used are: The station data for the following French collaborative campaigns have been obtained from the MNHN website (https://expeditions. mnhn. fr/), published reports (Richer de Forges 1990), or supplied by MNHN staff (P Bouchet, L Corbari, P Martin-Lefèvre, or P Maestrati): BIOPAPUA; BORDAU 1, 2; BATHUS 3; CREVETTIERE; EBISCO; KARUBAR; LITHIST; LUMIWAN; MADEEP; MAINBAZA; MUSORSTOM 1-3, 5, 6; NANHAI; NORFOLK 1, 2; PANGLAO; SALOMON 1, 2; ZHONGSHA. Other expedition or research program abbreviations: DST/NRF ACEP, Department of Science and Technology/National Research Foundation and African Coelacanth Ecosystem Programme or "Spatial Solutions Project". The original, official format (DDM or DDS) for reporting latitude and longitude for these expeditions has been retained in order to avoid confusion.
CC Vouchers, tissue samples, and sequence data of specimens for DNA Barcoding or other genetic analysis were deposited in the MNHN or USNM. All PCR, sequencing, and analytics were carried out at the Laboratories of Analytical Biology at the National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution. Mitochondrial COI barcode region and partial sequences of 12S and 16S rRNA were obtained by standard protocols (see  Evans and Paulay 2012). Unaligned sequences for at least one type specimen of each new species were accessioned to GenBank along with archival data for the respective voucher specimens listed in Table  1. Although this data is included as diagnostic identifiers for the species, and for future phylogenetic studies, a preliminary analysis was performed to generate a tree. Alignments for each locus were obtained using the L-INS-i alignment strategy in MAFFT version 7  (Katoh and Standley 2013).
The aligned sequences were concatenated using Sequence Matrix  (Vaidya et al. 2011). Phylogenetic analyses were performed on a concatenated dataset (12S + 16S + COI) using Maximum Likelihood (ML) with RAxML  (Stamatakis 2006). ML options for RAxML included the GTRCAT model of nucleotide evolution (-m), rapid bootstrap analysis, and search for best-scoring ML tree (-f a), and 1000 bootstrap replicates.
n. , with two species. Thus it seems evident that at least the main morphological characters used to differentiate the two genera, i. e. , the shape of gills, shape of exopod of the third maxilliped, width of sternite XI, and armature of the fingers of pereopod 4, are of significant evolutionary value. Within each clade or genus, the species can be distinguished as well, although in some phenotypically similar species-pairs, i. e. , Paguropsis typica-P. confusa, and Paguropsina pistillata-P. inermis, the separation is minimal or obscure based on our mitochondrial gene dataset. The minimal genetic separation of these species-pairs is not unexpected, given that the morphological differences between them are minimal. A wide character analysis combining morphology and genetic data of Paguropsis and Paguropsina gen.
We are extremely grateful to our colleague A Windsor, for kindly performing the DNA laboratory analyses included as "Genetic data" for each species and adding the data to GenBank (Table  1 ) as well as advice and comments on the preliminary tree generated. RA Gulledge prepared the digital versions of the illustrations and photographic plates. TK thanks scientists and personnel on board TRV Shin'yo-maru (Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology) and RV Koyo (Ogasawara Fishery Center, Tokyo Metropolitan Government) for their generous help in sampling. The detailed comments and suggestions provided by two reviewers are greatly appreciated, and considerably improved the final product.
List of species, collection site, museum catalog number of vouchers, and GenBank accession numbers for which mitochondrial COI barcode region and partial sequences of 12S and 16S rRNA were obtained in this report. History Museum and Institute, Chiba, Japan (CBM); Lee Kong Chian Natural History Museum, Zoological Reference Collection of the Raffles Museum of Biodiversity Research, National University of Singapore (LKCNHM ZRC); Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris, France (MNHN); National Museum of the Philippines, Manila (NMCR); National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan, ROC (NTOU); National Natuurhistorisch Museum, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden (formerly Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Histoire), the Netherlands (RMNH); Iziko South African Museum, Cape Town, South Africa (SAMC); National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC USA (USNM); and the Zoological Museum, University of Copenhagen, Denmark (ZMUC).
Acknowledgements This study was conceived during team visits to the  MNHN  nearly two decades ago, by the late  Dr. Patsy A. McLaughlin ,  DLR  and RL, in order to study the extensive collections of paguroids obtained during French-sponsored campaigns to the  Indo-West Pacific. After examining numerous samples we realized that the genus Paguropsis, long assumed to be monotypic, was in need of revision. Regrettably, our senior colleague,  PA McLaughlin , passed away in 2011, when the project was just beginning to take shape. To her we are deeply grateful for advice, sharing of notes, archival information left to RL after her death, and especially for inspiration in so many ways. To the following at the MNHN we must extend our sincere thanks for making available for study the many specimens obtained during the extraordinary French-sponsored expeditions, and providing much information:  A Crosnier ,  P Bouchet ,  L Corbari ,  P Maestrati , and  P Martin-Lefèvre.
Species Locality Voucher deposition COI GenBank no. 16S GenBank no. 12S GenBank no. Paguropsis typica Philippines Philippines Philippines MNHN-IU-2014-9399 MNHN-IU-2014-9427 MNHN-IU-2014-9411 MG759674 -MG759677 MG759703 MG759705 MG759704 MG773703 -MG773704 Paguropsis Indian Ocean USNM 42719 - MG950177 MG950176 andersoni Madagascar MNHN-IU-2014-9393 MG759673 MG759692 MG773702 Paguropsis confusa Philippines Locality uncertain MNHN-IU-2014-9420 NMCR 50015 Philippines USNM 1441901 MG759683 -MG759682 MG759696 MG759695 MG759694 MG773707 MG773705 MG773706 Paguropsis South China Sea NTOU A01445 MG759678 MG759697 MG773709 gigas South China Sea NTOU A01446 MG759679 MG759698 MG773710 Paguropsis lacinia Papua New Guinea MNHN-IU-2013-2288 New Caledonia MNHN-IU-2014-9360 Solomon Islands MNHN-IU-2014-9367 MG759665 MG759666 MG759668 MG759699 MG759700 MG759701 MG773711 MG773712 MG773713 Paguropsina pistillata New Caledonia New Caledonia New Caledonia MNHN-IU-2014-9391 MNHN-IU-2014-9401 MNHN-IU-2014-9402 MG759672 MG759675 MG759676 MG759689 MG759690 MG759691 MG773695 MG773696 MG773699 Philippines MNHN-IU-2014-9372 MG759669 MG759686 MG773700 Paguropsina inermis New Caledonia New Caledonia New Caledonia USNM 1441892 MNHN-IU-2014-9383 MNHN-IU-2014-9362 MG759681 MG759670 MG759667 MG759684 MG759687 MG759685 MG773701 MG773698 MG773697 South China Sea NTOU A01447 MG759680 MG759688 MG773693 ral.
7 cm/min. The emission data were corrected for random, scatter, and decay events. Images were reconstructed using ordered-subset expectation maximization with 2 iterations and 21 subsets and were Gauss-filtered to a transaxial resolution of 5 mm in full width at half maximum. Attenuation was corrected using the low-dose nonenhanced CT data. SUVs were quantitatively assessed using a region-of-interest technique. All patients gave written informed consent. The evaluation was approved by our institutional ethical review board (approval S-016/2018).
This work was funded in part by grant 13N 13341 from the Federal Ministry of Education and Research. Philippe Barthe and Christian Roumestand were supported by the French Infrastructure for Integrated Structural Biology (FRISBI) (ANR-10-INBS-05). Uwe Haberkorn, Anastasia Loktev, Thomas Lindner, and Walter Mier were named in a patent application (EP 18155420. 5) for quinolone-based FAP-targeting agents for imaging and therapy in nuclear medicine. No other potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We gratefully acknowledge  Stefan Bauer  ( National Center for Tumor Diseases, Heidelberg ) for supplying the FAP and CD26 transfected cell lines,  Tobias Timmermann  for recording NMR spectra ( Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg ), and the  DKFZ Light Microscopy Facility  for providing the equipment. We thank  Christian Kleist ,  Susanne Krämer ,  Stephanie Biedenstein ,  Kirsten Kunze ,  Irina Kupin ,  Karin Leotta , and  Ursula Schierbaum  for excellent technical assistance.
DISCLOSURE This work was funded in part by grant 13N 13341 from the Federal Ministry of Education and Research. Philippe Barthe and Christian Roumestand were supported by the French Infrastructure for Integrated Structural Biology (FRISBI) (ANR-10-INBS-05). Uwe Haberkorn, Anastasia Loktev, Thomas Lindner, and Walter Mier were named in a patent application (EP 18155420. 5) for quinolone-based FAP-targeting agents for imaging and therapy in nuclear medicine. No other potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.
Acknowledgements This work is part of the research project Ecometals (grants  BMBF ID 033RF001  and  ANR-13-RMNP-0006 ) and the  BGR projects RoStraMet and Bioleaching. We thank  I. Kruckemeyer  for help with bioleaching experiments and analytical methods and  G. Mengel-Jung  for support with SYBR Green staining at BGR. We acknowledge  K. Ufer  for XRD analysis and  J. Stummeyer  for ICP-OES measurements at BGR.