ADT=androgen deprivation therapy. NA=non-applicable. PSA=prostate-specifi c antigen. NTX=N-terminal telopeptide. BAP=bone alkaline phosphatase. LS BMD=lumbar spine bone mineral density. FN/LS BMD=femoral neck/lumbar spine bone mineral density. TH BMD=total hip bone mineral density. BSAP=bone-specifi c alkaline phosphatase. CRPC=castrate-resistant prostate cancer. DPD=deoxypridinoline. Accrual dates Number of Metastatic Primary outcome Secondary outcomes Reason not included patients status (Continued from previous page) ADT vs ADT + bisphosphonates Smith 2005 36 September, 544 M0 Bone metastasis-free Time to fi rst skeletal-related events; quality of life; pain Reported results could not be used 1999-March, survival and overall (overall survival*, time to fi rst bone 2003 survival metastasis) Ryan 2007 37 January, 2000- 42 M0 + M1 BMD Urinary NTX concentration and serum BAP Reported results could not be used December, concentration (bone mineral density, urinary NTX, 2002 serum BAP) Smith 2003 38 February, 106 M0 LS BMD Other bone mineral density Reported results could not be used 2000- (bone mineral density) November, 2000 Israeli 39 February, 222 M0 LS BMD TH bone mineral density; serum NTX; serum BSAP Reported results could not be used 2003-May, (LS bone mineral density, TH bone 2005 mineral density, serum NTX) Ryan 2006 40 April, 2003- 120 M0 FN/LS BMD Serum BSAP; urine NTX; TH BMD Reported results could not be used March, 2004 (bone mineral density, urinary NTX, serum BSAP) Zenith April, 2003- 200 M0 LS BMD TH BMD; markers of bone turnover No results reported yet (NCT00063609) April, 2005 Rao 41 June, 2003- 50 M0 BMD Urinary DPD Reported results could not be used May, 2004 (BMD) HOG GU02-41 42 December, 63 M1 Skeletal-related events Time to castrate-resistant prostate cancer; markers of Reported results could not be used 2003-August, bone turnover (skeletal-related events, castrate- 2005 resistant prostate cancer, serological progression, prostate-specifi c antigen nadir, adverse events, urine DPD, urine NTX, serum BAP) Bhoopalam 43 December, 93 M0 LS bone mineral density NA Reported results could not be used 2003-May, (bone mineral density) 2006 Casey 44 Unclear 200 M0 LS bone mineral density FN/TH BMD; change in height; safety Reported results could not be used (bone mineral density) Yedavelli 45 Unclear 42 M0 Skeletal-related events Bone mineral density Reported results could not be used (bone mineral density) Rodrigues 46 Unclear 94 M0 Bone mineral density NA Reported results could not be used (bone mineral density) CEGOG December, 376 M0 Time to bone metastasis Pain; time to fi rst bone pain; skeletal-related events; No results reported yet (NCT00294437) 2003- serum PSA; safety November, 2007 Ueno 47 July, 2006- 60 M1 PSA progression-free Skeletal-related events; bone pain; markers of bone Reported results could not be used June, 2011 survival turnover (PSA and progression-free survival,* skeletal-related events, bone pain) KYUHTRIGU0705 May, 2008- 227 M1 Time to treatment failure Time to fi rst skeletal-related event; overall survival; No results reported yet (NCT00685646) December, extent of disease; pain 2013 NU-02U1 March, 2003- 70 M0 Bone mineral density LS bone mineral density No results reported yet (NCT00058188) September, 2015 *Data reported not usable.