dataesr/scientific-paragraphs-categorization huggingface dataset:
-In a second time, the possibility to form the Cu(II)L 2 complex was investigated by EPR spectroscopy, for phenHH, phenHGH and H'phenH'. EPR spectra of Cu(II) in presence of 1 and 2 equivalents of ligands were monitored (Figure  S1 ). The EPR signatures of Cu(II) in these two conditions are the same, for all the ligands: the Cu(II)L 2 species are not detected, in line with the previously published data  [38]. -Finally, the behavior of the ligands in the presence of more equivalents of Cu(II) was investigated. EPR spectra of phenHH in presence of 2 equivalents of Cu(II) has been performed (Figure  S2a ), and shows the superimposition of a remaining contribution from the signature of the 1:1 species and a broad and weak signal (better seen with modifying the recording conditions, spectrum noted with a (*)).
Ascorbate Consumption Experiments UV-vis kinetic data of ascorbate consumption experiments were recorded with a Hewlett Packard Agilent 8453 spectrophotometer at a controlled temperature of 25 • C in a 1 cm path length quartz cuvette, with 500 rpm stirring. The absorbance at 265 nm (ascorbate absorption band) was monitored every 30 s, corrected by the absorbance at 800 nm, and plotted as a function of time. The solutions were prepared in situ from stock solutions of Cu(II), Zn(II), Aβ and the ligands at 1 mM, and diluted to 12 µM for Zn(II) and Aβ, 12 or 24 µM for the ligands, and 10 µM for Cu(II), in 100 mM HEPES buffer (pH 7. 1). Ascorbate was freshly prepared and diluted to 100 µM. The final volume in the cuvette was adjusted to 2 mL with Milli-Q water. Before each experiment, a blank with 100 mM HEPES buffer was performed.
In addition, nonpolished (i. e. , the surface condition just after injection molding) specimens were prepared using unreinforced PA66. The sliding surface roughness (Ra) was measured using interferometry in the sliding direction of each specimen before and after the sliding tests. Fig. 2  shows the surface roughness measured before and after the sliding test for the unreinforced PA66 polished using #800 polishing paper. After the tilt was removed from the obtained image, the average sliding-direction sliding surface roughness (Ra) was obtained using Vision64 ® software (Bruker).
Pharmacokinetic Analysis Overall, 66 plasma concentrations were analyzed in 27 patients. Among these, three samples were excluded (N = 3 patients) because of unavailable data on delay between olaparib intake and sampling, and two (N = 2 patients) because of a delay of more than 24 h. Finally, 61 plasma concentrations were included in the PK analysis (N = 22 patients). The median number of concentrations per patient was 2 (range: 1-7) with a median sampling time of 10 h post-dose (range: 0. 75-24). A two-compartment population PK model was applied for the analysis of the concentrationtime data. The median prediction error (PE) was -11. 9% [interquartile range, IQR = -15. 9; -4. 9] showing good accuracy and precision of the model predictions. Figure  2A ,B present observed vs. predicted concentrations and PE vs.
Discussion Our study is the first to comprehensively analyze factors potentially leading to olaparib SAE. We observed a significant relationship between plasma olaparib exposure and SAE onset, leading us to propose a threshold of plasma trough concentration > 2500 ng/mL as significantly associated with an increased risk of SAE onset. In our study, blood samples for plasma drug monitoring were collected at any time after dose intake. Thereby, we used a previously published population PK model for olaparib to estimate trough concentrations  [17]  to avoid bias in the PK-toxicity analysis related to the variability in the sampling time. The predictive performance of the model when applied to real-life data was evaluated by calculation of PE and simulation-based pcVPC. The median PE was -11. 9% [IQR = -15.
The model was developed based on data from clinical trials and therefore might not represent the unselected patients seen in routine practice. Therefore, the threshold of 2500 ng/mL associated with SAE should be interpreted cautiously and can now be used when the estimation of C minPred is performed with the PK model by Zhou et al. Further validation should confirm this threshold on measured trough concentrations in a larger prospective cohort with standard TDM practice. Furthermore, the covariates included in the PK model were formulation (capsule or tablet), tablet strength and ECOG-PS (0 vs. 1-2). Although a reduced initial dose of olaparib is currently recommended in patients with renal impairment  [24] , in two population PK analyses, creatinine clearance (CL CR ) did not have a statistically significant impact on olaparib elimination (CL/F)  [19, 25].
Patients All consecutive patients who were referred to Cochin University Hospital for olaparib plasma exposure assessment as per routine practice between January 2016 and September 2020 were considered for inclusion in this retrospective cohort. Patients were treated and followed in Paris urban area University Hospitals (Cochin University Hospital, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, Gustave-Roussy Cancer Campus). We included only patients who received olaparib in maintenance for high-grade serous or endometrioid ovarian cancer, primary peritoneal cancer, or fallopian tube cancer, with a BRCA1/2 mutation, and who had a complete or partial clinical response after platinum-based chemotherapy, regardless of the line of treatment. Exclusion criteria were: minor patients, patients receiving olaparib for other cancers, and patients referred for a second medical opinion and for whom follow-up data were not available.
Data Collection Patient electronic medical records were retrospectively searched for patients (age, comorbidity), cancer characteristics (International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics classification (FIGO), histological type, BRCA1/2 mutation), and therapeutic management (surgery, previous chemotherapy) at diagnosis. Clinical and biological characteristics were collected at olaparib initiation: body weight, size, functional status (as per Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status (ECOG-PS)), hemoglobin, platelets, white blood cells count, kidney function (estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR)), and serum albumin concentration. Olaparib dose, galenic formulation (tablet or capsule) and concomitant treatments were also notified. Potential PK drug-drug interactions (PDI) with olaparib were assessed using both the Cancer Drug Interaction website (Radboud UMC and University of Liverpool [32] and DDI Predictor  [33].
The covariates included in the published PK model and used in the current analysis were: olaparib formulation (capsule or tablet), tablet strength and ECOG-PS (0 vs. 1-2). The PK analysis was performed in NONMEM software version 7. 5. 0 (ICON Development Solutions, Ellicott City, Maryland). The first-order conditional estimation with interaction (FOCE-I) method was used with MAXEVAL = 0 option with the parameter values fixed to the values estimated in  [19]. The PK model parameters are summarized in Table  A1. Predictive performance of the PK model was evaluated by calculating the prediction error (PE) as the difference between the observed and predicted plasma olaparib concentrations according to the following equation: PE ij = (C pred,ij -C obs,ij )/C obs,ij × 100 where C pred,ij is the jth predicted concentration for individual i and C obs,ij is the jth observed concentrations for individual i.
Methods This retrospective cohort study with manual review of medical records was conducted in one center (Lille, France) from 1 January 2015 to 30 April 2017. It was approved by the local committee "Commission Nationale de l'Informatique et des Libertés" (avis no. DEC16-206, 13/07/2017). All cesarean deliveries that followed labour (i. e. , unscheduled) for singleton pregnancies after 37 weeks' gestation (based on last menstrual period) were included. The exclusion criteria were: scheduled cesarean (i. e. , scheduled prior to labour), multiple pregnancies, foetus with a malformation syndrome, or in utero death. Maternal characteristics, obstetric follow-up, and labour data were collected, including: gestational age, labour entry mode, cervical dilation, time of decision to proceed with cesarean, and associated color code (i.
Data collected regarding the cesarean delivery included: nonreassuring fetal heart rate (assessed by cardiotocography), cervical dystocia, failed instrument extraction, fetal presentation other than cephalic, cord prolapse, and uterine rupture. As described by Van Ham et al. , which is the main study on the specific subject of cesarean section during labour, we classified complications according to their degree  [3]. Intra-operative complications were categorized as minor (e. g. , PPH =< 1 L, vesical integrity test, fetal wound, uterine pedicle wound, hysterotomy sheared, and supplemental general anesthesia) or major (e. g. , PPH > 1 L, arterial ligature, uterine compression suture, uterine balloon tamponade, hemostasishysterectomy, transfusion, and vesical or digestive wounds). Post-operative complications were also considered and categorized as minor (e.
The range of these stimuli was designed to include both fine textures mainly encoded by PC afferents and coarse textures mainly encoded by SA afferents  (32, (47) (48) (49) (50). In addition to the artificial noise, we used the natural scenes (NSs). For this NS condition, five images were chosen from the natural texture category of the McGill Calibrated Color Image Database  (51). The mean and standard deviation of the image intensity were normalized and equalized across images (Fig. 2A ). Each image had the resolution of 256 Â 256 pixels.
Behavioral Data Analysis We recruited 10 observers for each condition and had each observer perform 12 trials for each combination for ABX tasks. To determine whether the observers could discriminate a given stimulus pair (A and B), we calculated a 95% confidence interval (CI) of the chance performance (0. 5) and compared whether the group average of discrimination performance (proportion correct) for each stimuli pair was above the upper boundary of this CI or not. The CI was calculated using binomial distribution. With the sample size of 120 (12 trials Â 10 observers), the power of a one-sided binomial test is higher than 0. 99 when it is used to distinguish threshold performance (0. 75) from chance (0. 5) with a significance level of 0. 05. We checked individual performance in addition to the averaged data.
In particular, the number of observers who had performance significantly above the level of chance in the ABX tasks was investigated. The 95% CIs of the chance performance (0. 5) calculated using binomial distribution with a sample size of 12 trials is 0. 25-0. 75. We compared whether the performance of each observer was above these CIs or not. The results for these individual analyses are shown in parentheses in the figures (Figs. 2, 3, 5, and 6). To statistically compare the performance among different stimulus conditions, we computed the CI by using a boot strapping method [resampling method  (57) ], where we calculated the proportion of correct responses for each pair of surfaces of each of 10 observers, and the data of 10 observers were then resampled and averaged to calculate the (2) (0) (3) (7) (2) (6) (10) (3) (2) (0) (9) (0) (2) (6) (0) (3) (7) (5) (4) (8) (10) (10) (9) (9) (10) (9) (10) (8) (10) (2) (0) (6) (9) (3) (10) (10) (4) (5) (1) (1) (8) (0) (1) (9) (0) (3) (9) (7) (5) (5) (10) (10) (3) ( (3) (7) (5) (2) (0) (0) (2) (4) (0) (1) (2) (0) (1) (0) (0) (1) (1) (0) (4) (1) (0) (3) (0) (2) (1) (6) (9) (8) (2) (9) (8) (10) (4) (10) (8) (0) (2) (3) (0) (2) (8) (0) (7) (5) (2) (0) (0) (0) (1) (0) (1) (1) (0) (1) Figure  3.
Texture Discrimination for 3-D-Scanned Surfaces So far, the natural textures we used were made from visual images. To test the generality of our findings beyond this stimulus set, we checked whether subband matching could make metameric stimuli for haptic textures made from actually measured depth map (3-D-scanned data) of real textures in the world. We selected eight surfaces of natural and artificial objects (Fig. 6 ) from a database of 3-D-scanned surfaces (Quixel Megascans). Note that our strategy here is to preserve the complexity and naturalness of the real world as much as possible, and thus these chosen objects have a highly diverse distribution in spatial scale and amplitude spectrum (e. g. , the maximum carving depth Rz in Fig. 6 , see also Supplemental Fig. S7 ). For example, chestnut stimuli are indeed much spikier than banana leaf stimuli (note that the image intensity of Fig.
5 10 -2 mbar). A quantity of 2 mg of freeze-dried sample was homogenized with 120 mg of KBr and the resulting powder was compressed (5 tons; 5 s) to obtain a circular pellet. The FTIR analysis were performed using a Nicolet iS50 FTIR spectrometer (Thermo Fisher Scientific, USA) and the spectra were determined to be in the 400 -4000 cm -1 range, with a resolution of 4 cm -1. Each spectrum was the average of 200 scans collected in absorbance mode and examined using OMNIC TM software (Thermo Fisher Scientific, USA). H The conductivity of BCN, TBCN, ABCN and HBCN aqueous suspensions was automatically measured by a Metrohm 856 Conductivity Module (France). The suspensions were titrated using 0. 1 M aqueous NaOH (addition rate of 0. 1 mL/30 s)  [58]. The data were recorded by Tiamo TM Titration software and the conductivity values were corrected from dilution effects and thus plotted against the added volume of sodium hydroxide solution.
M COOH The zeta potential values were measured using a ZetaSizer Nano ZS (Malvern, UK). BCN suspensions were diluted at 0. 1 g/L and filtered (pore diam. = 5 μm). Five measurements at T = 20°C were performed for each sample. For the case of HBCNs suspended in a H 2 O/EtOH mixture, the residual ethanol was removed by dialysis of several milliliters of suspension against water for 2 days. All the suspensions were sonicated just before the measurements. X-ray Absorption Near-Edge Structure (XANES) measurements were performed to investigate the AgNP oxidization state (i. e. , metallic silver, Ag 0 ; ionic silver, Ag + ) while Extended X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (EXAFS) data made it possible to shed light on the AgNP bulk atomic structure (e. g. , bond length, interatomic distance). Both XANES and EXAFS spectra were simultaneously recorded in transmission mode at the Ag K-edge (25250 to 27750 eV) on the SAMBA beamline at the SOLEIL synchrotron (Saint Aubin, France).
The Si (220) monochromator was calibrated to 25515. 6 eV at the first inflection point of the Ag foil XANES spectrum. To be analyzed, all the hybrids were freezedried and then compressed to obtain a circular pellet of 6 mm where the quantity of AgNP was high enough to reach an absorption edge jump close to 1. These pellets were placed on a sample rod, quenched in liquid nitrogen and then introduced into the He cryostat (T = 20 K). Silver foil (Agfoil) and AgNO 3 aqueous solution with 1 wt% glycerol (AgH 2 O) were used as standards. One continuous scan was recorded for each hybrid sample in the 25250 to 27750 eV energy range with a monochromator velocity of 5 eV/s and an integration time of 0. 08 s/point. The obtained scans were then normalized and background-subtracted using the Athena software package  [62].
The XRD diffractograms were recorded in 10 min on a Bruker D8 Discover diffractometer (France). Cu-Kα1 radiation (Cu Kα1, 1. 5405 Å) produced in a sealed tube at 40 kV and 40 mA was selected and parallelized using a Gobël mirror parallel optics system and collimated to produce a 500-mm beam diameter. The data were collected in the 3°-70° 2 range. XRD θ measurements were also performed for initial BCN suspensions with different surface modifications. The crystallinity index (CrI, %) was calculated as a function of the maximum intensity of the diffraction peak from the crystalline region (I 200 ) at 2 = 22. 5° and the minimum intensity from the θ amorphous region (I am ) at 2 = 18°, according to the Segal equation  [64] : θ CrI = I 200 -I am I 200 The crystallite size (CS) was determined using Scherrer's equation  [65] : CS = Kλ βcosθ where is the shape factor (0.
Acknowledgments We acknowledge SOLEIL for providing synchrotron radiation facilities on the  SAMBA beamline. We are grateful to  S. Durand  ( BIA-Nantes ) for her support with FTIR measurements,  F. X. Lefevre  and  N. Guichard  ( Université de Nantes ) for their support with AAS experiments,  B. Pontoire  ( BIA-Nantes ) for performing XRD acquisitions, and  S. Haouache  ( BIA-Nantes ) for her assistance during SAMBA beam time. This work is a contribution to the  Labex   SERENADE  (n°  ANR-11-LABX-0064 ), funded by the " Investissement d'Avenir" French government program  of the  French National Research Agency (ANR)  through the  A*MIDEX project  (n°  ANR-11-IDEX-0001-02 ).
Funding This work is supported by the "ADI 2019" project funded by the IDEX Paris-Saclay, ANR-11-IDEX-0003-02 (PR). PR also acknowledges support by the German Academic Exchange Service and by the RUB Research School via the Project International funding. LM acknowledges financial support from the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) under grant agreement number I 4144-N27. EZ gratefully acknowledges support by NSF AST2007323.
Methods During a 10-year period, (01/07/2005 to 30/06/2015), we retrospectively included data from patients who had a limited excision of pilonidal sinus without skin closure in the Department of Visceral Surgery at the University Hospital of Geneva in Switzerland. Patients below 16 years old, or pregnant, or with cognitive disorders and/or unable to follow the medical recommendations were excluded. After surgery, good hygiene of the wound appeared to be a key factor to avoid complications and to promote rapid healing  [12]. In our department, patients 'wounds are closely monitored. During follow-up, wound characteristics are described in a standard form, using File-Maker software (FileMaker, Inc, Santa Clara, USA). Wound description is systematized with key words. We looked for evidence of fibrin, inflammation, particles of soil, lint or hair and odour.
Acknowledgements We thank all the patients of this study and all the authors to their contribution to this work. Over the years, many different treatments have been described. It is well known that lack of hygiene can impact negatively on the healing time. Until now, no study has focused on hygiene criteria to follow patient recovery after surgery. This study, involving a large number of patients, demonstrates that strict sacro coccygeal hygiene for the postoperative care of pilonidal disease improves patient well-being and decreases complications and healing time.
Sample collections and statistical-probability analyses of the anodic dissolution of Al The samples for the statistical analysis were randomly collected within a A4-sized foil (Fig. S3 ). Anodic areal charge was calculated for each cycle by integrating the current density over time. The oxidized surface and the pits density were measured thanks to the semi-automatic image processing function integrated to the digital microscope (an example is shown in Fig. S4 ). Collected data were analyzed with the Minitab® software for statistical and probability analyses.
Acknowledgments The authors thank  Laurent Martel  ( ARMOR SAS ) for useful discussions on statistical analysis as well as  Sjamme Hoschen  ( ARMOR SAS ) and Nicolas Stéphant (IMN) for technical support in digital microscopy and SEM. This work was funded by the  National Agency for Research and Technology (ANRT)  through an  Industrial Research Convention (CIFRE) between IMN/CNRS   UMR 6502  and  ARMOR SAS.
5H ). To confirm this association in myofibroblasts, CD147 was immunoprecipitated and its association with CD44 observed (Fig. 5I ). Using a Pan CD44 antibody as a detection antibody, all CD44 variants were detectable as shown by total lysate (lane 1). Interestingly, when coimmunoprecipitated with CD147, only one band was detected with the Pan-CD44 antibody at an MW of 85-90 kDa, indicative of the standard form of CD44. The association of CD44s with CD147 was increased in myofibroblasts (lane 2) compared with fibroblasts (lane 3). These confirmed results were observed using ICC. An IgG negative Western blot was used to identify CD44s in cell lysates and GAPDH as a loading control (E). Western blots were quantified using Image J software to perform densitometry (using CD44/GAPDH ratios). Proteins from fibroblasts transfected with negative siRNA controls (black circles) were compared with protein from fibroblasts transfected with an siRNA to CD44 (black squares) over a 0-  control is shown (lane 4).
CD44 (Fig. 6 , C and G (red stain)) and CD147 (Fig. 6 , D and H (green stain)) were highly expressed in fibroblasts. Furthermore, CD44 and CD147 did not colocalize in cells untreated with hyaluronidase (Fig. 6 , E and F). This is in line with previous data shown in (Fig. 5, D  and C ). Removing HA using hyaluronidase had no effect on the lack of CD44/CD147 colocalization in fibroblasts (Fig. 6 , I and J). Control myofibroblasts that had not been treated with hyaluronidase showed that CD44 (Fig. 6K ) (red stain) and CD147 (Fig. 6L ) green stain had increased colocalization Figure  6. HA mediates CD44/CD147 colocalization in the cell membrane and at cell-cell contact regions. qPCR was used to show the knockdown of HAS2 expression and CD147 mRNA in myofibroblasts (A and B) respectively. Cells were grown to approximately 50-60% confluence and growth arrested for 48 h.
They were then transfected with either an siRNA to HAS2 or CD147 or a negative siRNA. Following transfection cells were treated with TGF-β1 (10 ng/ ml) for 72 h (black squares) or with serum-free media alone for control fibroblasts (black circles). Data are shown as mean ± SD from three experimental repeats with statistical significance represented by; *p ≤ 0. 05, **p ≤ 0. 01, ***p ≤ 0. 001, and ****p ≤ 0. 0001. Immunocytochemistry analysis was used to assess CD147/CD44 colocalization in fibroblasts (C-J) and myofibroblasts (K-R). Control cells (C-F) and (K-N) were compared with cells that had HA removed using hyaluronidase (G-J) and (O-R). Fibroblasts were grown to approximately 50% confluence in DMEM/F12 medium containing 10% v/v FCS. Following a 48 h growth arrest period cells were treated with Hyaluronidase (100 μg/ml) or fresh serum-free medium and incubated at 37 C, 5% CO 2 for 2 h.
Extracellular HA does not bind CD147 Removing pericellular HA from myofibroblasts prevents the movement of CD44 in the membrane and inhibits its essential associations with other membrane-bound receptors  (15). Although we have a clear understanding of the HA/CD44 association in myofibroblasts, we do not know if CD147 binds HA in a similar manner. To determine if HA binds CD147 in fibroblasts and myofibroblasts, ICC was carried out and observed using confocal microscopy. Extracellular HA was observed using HABP in fibroblasts (Fig. 7A ) and in myofibroblasts (Fig. 7E  cultures (red stain)). As expected, extracellular HA increased in myofibroblast cultures. Consistent with previous data in this research, CD147 was expressed by fibroblasts and myofibroblasts (Fig. 7 , B and F (green stain)).
Statistical analysis To assess two experimental groups, a two tailed unpaired student t test was performed. For multiple experimental groups with multiple test conditions a two-way analysis of variance was performed followed by the Tukey Multiple comparison analysis. All data are expressed as mean ± SD unless otherwise stated. Data were analyzed using Graph Pad v8 (GraphPad Software). *p ≤ 0. 05; **p ≤ 0. 01; ***p ≤ 0. 001 and ****p ≤ 0. 0001 were considered statistically significant.