dataesr/scientific-paragraphs-categorization huggingface dataset:
Special thanks are extended to  Miguel Zamora ,  CIAT R&D Manager , for his collaboration. The LOCIE laboratory thanks the  ANR (French National Research Agency)  for its financial support under the research projects  PROSSIS2 ANR-11-SEED-0011-01. The  University of the Basque Country  acknowledges the financial support of the  Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness  through the  MicroTES  ( ENE2012-38633 ) research project. The research leading to the results of MERITS has received funding from the  European Commission Seventh Framework Programme  (FP/2007-2013) under grant agreement No  ENER/FP7/295983  (MERITS).
Acknowledgements The authors thank the  EU RTD Framework Programme FP7  ( FP7-NMP-2012-SMALL-6 , project title  DECORE , project number  309741 ) for financial support. We thank the  DFG  for financial support during the early stages of this study (project  KU2398/1-1 ). Furthermore, the chair of  Technical Chemistry II at TU Mu ¨nchen  is acknowledged for the possibility for preliminary Raman studies, especially we are grateful to  Jennifer Hein  and  Prof. Andreas Jentys  for their assistance. We thank  Prof. Kurt Hingerl  for measuring the thickness of the anodic TiO 2. We thank  Dr Katrin F. Domke  for the helpful discussions on the evaluation of Raman data.
Numerical implementation The mesh for the simulation model and the nonlinear observer consists of 5 elements equally distributed along the z-direction (the simulation model has an extra y-direction discretisation for the CCL that is not reproduced in the control/observation models). The observer is initialised with the initial observer state vector x0 = 0 ∈ R 5×n. Simulations have been carried out using fmincon function for MATLAB R2011a (32 bits), running in a PC Intel Core i7-3770 at 3. 40 GHz with 8 GB of RAM.
Acknowledgements This work has been partially funded by the  Spanish national  project  MICAPEM  (ref. DPI2015-69286-C3-2-R ,  MINECO/FEDER) , the  LABEX ACTION  (ref. ANR-11-LABX-01-01 ) and the European project  PUMA-MIND  (ref. SPI-JTI-FCH 303419 ).
Time-Resolved Microwave Conductivity Measurements (TRMC) The charge-carrier lifetimes in the un-doped and N-doped TiO 2 nanopowders after an illumination were determined by microwave absorption experiments using TRMC. The incident microwaves were generated by a Gunn diode of the Ka band at 30 GHz. The pulsed light source was an OPO laser from EKSPLA where the accord ability extends from 200 to 2000 nm. The full width at half-maximum of one pulse was 7 ns and the repetition rate of the experiments was 10 Hz. The light energy density received by the sample depends on the wavelength. To avoid the excitation energy effect on the signals, all the data are divided by the number of photons. Typically, the energy density at 450 nm is 5. 2 ˆ10 ´3 J¨cm ´2, corresponding to 1. 2 ˆ10 16 photons¨cm ´2.
Acknowledgments: The authors acknowledge the  INSIS   CNRS Energy program  ( Noxomix  project),  Academy of Finland  ( Projects 263262 ,  283011 ,  263526 ) and  CEA-IFA Nanophob  project for funding, as well as the support of the " Région Limousin" (thematic project  " EVASION ") and  NewIndigo ERA-NET   NPP2  (" Aquatest " project). This work was performed in the framework of the Energy and Environment thematic of the  SIGMA-LIM Laboratory of Excellence. We thank  Heikki Häkkänen  and  Pasi Myllyperkiö  for useful discussions.
Model of AlbA iron-sulfur centers. Using the structure of anSME (PDB: 4k38) and i-Tasser program a model for AlbA from residues 117 to 446 was generated (estimated r. m. s. d is of 4. 1±2. 8 Å, i-Tasser source). Based on i-Tasser, the best identified structural analog is anSME (PDB: 4k36). The structure superposition was performed with Coot using the SSM program and all residues.
Acknowledgments The authors would like to thank the  EU  for the financial support of this project through the  FREECATS  project ( NMP3-SL-2012-280658 ). CDV would like to acknowledge the  Vietnamese government  for the grant during his stay at the ICPEES. The SEM and TEM were carried out at the facilities of the  IPCMS  ( UMR 7504 CNRS ) and  T. Romero  ( ICPEES ) and  Prof. O. Ersen  ( IPCMS ) are gratefully acknowledged for the characterization experiments.
Instrumentation and operating conditions All experiments were performed with a CE instrument: AB Sciex PA 800+ equipped with a LIF detector (Brea, CA, USA). The excitation was carried out with an Argon ion laser at a wavelength of 488 nm. The band-pass filter 520 nm was used for emission. Data acquisition and instrument control were carried out using 32 Karat acquisition system software. Separations were carried out using fused-silica capillaries of 60 cm total length (50 cm detection length) purchased from Polymicro Technologies (Phoenix, AZ, USA). The inner diameter was 50 or 75 µm. The capillary was maintained at 25°C and separation was conducted at +25 kV. Hydrodynamic injection mode with 0. 5 psi pressure was applied for 5 s. Each new capillary was conditioned by flushing it with 1 M NaOH (10 min), water (5 min) and BGE (15 min).
Acknowledgements Authors particularly acknowledge  Dr Régis Delatouche  ( ICOA ) for his essential contribution in the use of the microwave apparatus as well as  Ms Salimata Diarrassouba  for conducting accelerated solvent extractions. The authors would especially like to thank  Mr Loïc Burnel  from the  Institut Universitaire Technique (IUT)  of the  University of Orléans  for his help in the comprehension of the functioning of the electroporation process. The authors would also like to thank  Mrs Annie Richard  from the  Centre de Microscopie Electronique of the Université of Orléans  for her useful help in the SEM observations. The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest.
Acknowledgments We thank  Eva Bradford  for clerical assistance in the initial stages of our literature review, and to  Dr. Yoichi Sato  ( Riken Food Co. , Ltd. ) and  Dr. Keiko Yoshinaga  ( Riken Vitamine Co, Ltd. )  for providing us the most recent data on Japanese macroalgal food consumption from The  National Health and Nutrition Survey in Japan , 2004-2014 (MHLW 2014). We appreciate the valuable insights  Dr. Santosh P. Lall ,  National Research Council of Canada , provided to this work. We also thank the anonymous reviewers and Editor for their helpful comments. AGS & KEH thank the  Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council  ( BBSRC BB/1013164/1 ) of the UK for funding. The  University of Dundee  is a registered Scottish charity, No. SC015096. PP is supported by  IDEALG  in the frame of the stimuli program entitled BInvestissements d'avenir,  Biotechnologies-Bioressources^ ( ANR-10-BTBR-04-02 ).
6³ µm³. All datasets were reconstructed using the Modified Bronnikov Algorithm  [62] , as X-ray attenuation was negligible and phase contrast effects were visible. Furthermore, this algorithm offers a drastic improvement of signal-to-noise ratio  [63]. Image analysis was performed on the small sample using Morpho+  [64] , an in-house developed 3D analysis software tool. This package allows for a very modular analysis workflow, extensive parametrization of the pores and exporting of the analysed volume. The original gray scale volume was afterwards rendered together with the pore-size analysis data using Volume Graphics VGStudioMax.
All these techniques bring together a full picture of the bear materials as it had never been shown before. Due to the limitation of spatial resolution, the 3D analysis of the micro-CT dataset is limited to pores larger than several micrometer diameter. Furthermore, the absolute values of the results are prone to variations based on the thresholding step which is performed on the gray values. Nevertheless, 3D analysis gives extremely valuable information about the spatial distribution of the pore size distribution throughout the sample  [65] , where particularly the bigger pores contribute largely to the heterogeneity of a material. Additionally, the partial volume effect allows for the retrieval of information beyond the limits of the spatial resolution. Indeed, in a homogeneous but porous material, the local X-ray attenuation coefficient is directly proportional to the volume fraction of material in that area, where the area is defined by the spatial resolution of the dataset.
Acknowledgments VF acknowledges a  UQ Postdoctoral Fellowship. This work was supported by the  Australian Research Council  Grant  DP110100539. The authors acknowledge the facilities and the scientific and technical assistance of the  Australian Microscopy & Microanalysis Research Facility at the Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis (The University of Queensland ). The  Ghent University Special Research Fund (BOF)  is acknowledged for the post-doctoral grant of MNB.
Phylogenetic analysis Amino acid sequences were aligned using MAFFT version 6 software  [51]. The resulting alignment was then manually refined using SeaView version 4  [52] ; regions displaying dubious homology were removed from further analysis. A total of 313 amino acid positions were retained for the phylogenetic analysis of DYRK proteins. Phylogenetic analyses were conducted using Neighbour-Joining (NJ), Maximum Likelihood (ML) and Parsimony (Pars) approaches in the Phylogenetic Inference Package Phylip (version 3. 69) (Fig. 1d ; Additional file 1: Figures  S8, S9 )  [53]. The PROTML program was used for ML analysis and the sequence input order was randomized (20 jumbles). The SEQBOOT and CONSENSE programs were used for bootstrap value calculations on 100 replications and consensus tree reconstructions, respectively.
Acknowledgements This work was supported by the  French "Agence Nationale pour la Recherche" (ALGOMICS  and  ALGOH2  projects) and by the A* MIDEX  project (n°  ANR-11-IDEX-0001-02 ). M. S. R. was the recipient of a  DFG grant  ( SCHU 2877/1-1 ). Support was also provided by the  HélioBiotec platform  (funded by the  European Regional Development Fund , the  Région Provence Alpes Côte d' Azur , the  French Ministry of Research , and the " Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives "). We thank  Wolfgang R. Hess  and his group for kindly providing laboratory equipment for RNA hybridization. Fred Beisson  is acknowledged for helpful discussions and critical comments on the manuscript.
This would surely benefit a higher loading of dye molecules (N719). To study the saturated amount of N719 that are adsorbed by the composite, we recorded the UV-vis absorption spectra of the N719 solutions. The solutions were obtained by desorbing from a pre-fabricated photo-anode with the aid of KOH. The concentration of N719 was evaluated by recording the absorbance at a particular wavelength (λ = 500 nm)  27. The data were also summarized in Table  1  (the 3 rd column). The sample S7. 5 has the highest amount of N719. It was indicated that the adsorption capacity of dye molecules are related to the surface areas and pore volumes. As expected the incorporation of SnO 2 NCs was found to increase the loading amount of N719 molecules. However, excessive incorporation of SnO 2 would block the pores, and less amount of N719 molecules are immobilized (see samples S12.
5 or higher ratios of SnO 2 /TiO 2 ). Therefore, a certain amount of SnO 2 should be incorporated in order to get a higher loading of N719. We also studied the conductivity of the fabricated films or the sheet resistance, and these measurements were conducted by means of the 4-point probe method. The Hall-effects were also evaluated. The collected data (Table  2 ) reveals that the resistivity of the SnO 2 /TiO 2 composite films decreases with incorporation of SnO 2 NCs, while the Hall mobility of charge carriers increases significantly. For example, the resistivity of the pure P25 film (S0) is 4. 57 Ω cm, and such a value decreases to 3. 74 × 10 -2 Ω cm in sample S7. 5. The charge carrier concentration was found to increase enormously (3 ~ 5 orders of magnitude) after the incorporation of SnO 2.
Acknowledgments Alain Boussac  is acknowledged for the gift of the various T. elongatus preparations used in this study. He also performed the EPR measurements concerning the stability of the S 0 state and contributed with his ideas and advice. We thank  Miwa Sugiura  for providing the Y D -less mutant ( D2-Y160F ) employed in the OWIE experiments, and  Dmitriy Shevela  for preparing the final Figures. Financial support was received from  Energimyndigheten  (36648-1; JM), the  Strong Research Environment Solar Fuels Umeå (Umeå University ; JM), the  Artificial Leaf Project Umeå (K&A Wallenberg Foundation , KAW 2011. 0055;JM),  COST Action   CM1205   CARISMA (Catalytic Routines for Small Molecule Activation ; JM),  CNRS  and the " Initiative d'Excellence" program  from the  French State  (Grant " DYNAMO ",  ANR-11-LABX-0011-01 ; FR), and the HélioBiotec platform, funded by  EU ,  Région PACA ,  French Ministry of Research and CEA  (to LC).
The adsorption capacity of the material is up to 275 cm 3 /g, being higher than that of CaBent-nat  [7]. The porosity parameters of studied materials are shown in Table  1. As expected, the purification process caused an increase of Langmuir surface area and both of micropore area, micropore volume and external surface area with respect to the parent clay. The Langmuir surface area was calculated from adsorption data in the relative pressure range of 0. 01-0. 05, using a nitrogen molecule crosssectional area of 0. 162 nm 2. The total pore volume was assessed from the amount of nitrogen adsorbed at a relative pressure of 0. 99. In the case of pore size characteristics, the average pore diameter properties of CaBentpur decrease in comparison with raw material. The pores size distributions of studied materials were determined from desorption isotherm branches and are presented in Figure  4.
Acknowledgements This paper was realized with the support of  BRAIN  project: " Doctoral scholarships  as an investment in intelligence", financed by the  European Social Found and Romanian Government. These results were achieved thanks to the support of  SPCTS Laboratory from University of Limoges  ( C. Penot ,  T. Chartier ,  M. Soustre ,  P. Carles ). (A) (A) (B) (B).
Methodology for assessing the performances of each practice Time-series of measurements of the BSRN stations at Carpentras, France, and Payerne, Switzerland, were collected that span 2008 to 2010. Carpentras is located in Provence, in the Southeast of France (Table  1 ) and experiences Mediterranean climate, i. e. warm temperate climate with dry and hot summer with many days of cloud-free skies throughout the year. Payerne experiences oceanic climate, i. e. warm temperate, fully humid, and warm summer; many small cumulus clouds can be observed during summer days. Measurements are acquired every 1 min for B N as well as for G and D. Uncertainty requirements for BSRN data are 5 W m -2 for global irradiance and 2 W m -2 for direct irradiance  (Ohmura et al. , 1998). Only measurements passing the quality check procedures described by  Roesch et al.
The authors thank the two reviewers whose comments help in improving this text. The research leading to these results has been undertaken within the Task #46 of the Solar Heating and Cooling Implementing Agreement of the International Energy Agency, and has been partly funded by the French Agency ADEME, research grant no. 1105C0028. The authors thank the operators of the Carpentras and Payerne stations for their valuable measurements and the Alfred Wegener Institute for hosting the BSRN website from which data may be downloaded. The McClear service in the SoDa Service is made available to anyone by the MINES ParisTech and Transvalor within the Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service implemented by the ECMWF on behalf of the European Commission.
Acknowledgements. The authors thank the two reviewers whose comments help in improving this text. The research leading to these results has been undertaken within the Task #46 of the Solar Heating and Cooling Implementing Agreement of the International Energy Agency, and has been partly funded by the French Agency ADEME, research grant no. 1105C0028. The authors thank the operators of the Carpentras and Payerne stations for their valuable measurements and the Alfred Wegener Institute for hosting the BSRN website from which data may be downloaded. The McClear service in the SoDa Service is made available to anyone by the MINES ParisTech and Transvalor within the Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service implemented by the ECMWF on behalf of the European Commission.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This work was supported in part by the  European Commission  under  FP7  grant  N°262533 SOPHIA (INFRA-2010-1. 1. 22_CP-CSA-Infra )and by the  Research Councils UK (RCUK)  under project ' Stability  and  Performance of Photovoltaics (STAPP) ' (contract no:  EP/H040331/1 ).
Acknowledgements This work was supported by the  Lendület (Momentum) Program of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences , the  ERC_HU Program of NKFIH  and, by the  Polish Foundation of Science  within the  POMOST program  co-nanced by the  European Union  within  European Regional Development Fund  ( POMOST/2012-5/9 ). Ł. Szyrwiel acknowledges the support of the  European Commission  under the  Marie Curie Intra-European Fellowship  ( PIEF-GA-2012-329969 ). J. S. Pap is grateful for the useful remarks from  Prof. Róbert Schiller.
XPS analysis The presence of metal nanoparticles as well as chemical composition of surface layer of bare-and metal-modified samples was investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Six main elements were analyzed in details using narrow scanning, i. e. , titanium, oxygen, carbon, bismuth, copper and silver and XPS data is summarized in Table 1 (Bi, Cu and Ag content) and in supplementary materials (Tables  S1  and S2 ). It was found that samples did not differ strongly both in their compositions and chemical state of elements. All the samples possessed carbon on the surface in the range of 18-27 mol%, which could result either from the used electrolyte, or/and adsorbed CO 2 from the air. It should be mentioned that this amount of carbon is quite low in comparison with titania samples prepared by sol-gel and hydrothermal methods, in which organic precursors of titania (e.
Acknowledgements This work was financially supported by the  Polish National Science Centre  (contract No. :  2011/01/N/ST5/05540 ) and by the  Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education and French Ministry of Foreign Affairs  and the  French Ministry of Higher Education and Research  (program POLONIUM 2013(program POLONIUM -2014)). This research was also funded by a grant from  Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation  through the  Grand Challenges Explorations Initiative  ( GCE R8 ,  OPP1060234 ).
Data Collection and Methodology The PV panels used for this study are home monocrystalline PV with a peak power of 15 W. These PV are commonly found over the West African markets and distributors. The experiments have been done inside or outside on the roof of the Laboratory of Solar Energy (LES; University Félix Houphouët Boigny in Abidjan (5˚N; 4˚W) and of National Centre of Solar Energy (CNES) in Niamey (13˚N; 2˚E). The following experiments were conducted to study the sensitivity of PV efficiency to weather conditions and to dust: The following instruments: platinum resistance probe, temperature sensor, Eppley PSP pyranometer, hygrometer and variable resistor and multimeters were used to measure respectively the cell temperature, the ambient temperature, the irradiance, the humidity and the electrical parameters, voltage and current delivered by the PV module.
 Measure the open circuit voltage ( oc V ) and the short-circuit current ( sc I ), then for different values of resistance, from 100 to 0 Ω, measure the voltage V at the edge of the PV panel and the intensity in the circuit for about 10 values.  Gather all the data in a table; voltage (sorted from the largest to the smallest) in function of current. Complete the table by computing the power obtained by ( P U I = * ) and then plot the characteristics Current-voltage ( ( )    8  gives the corresponding I-V and P-V curves that enable to compute the efficiency. Measurement of ( sc I ), ( oc V ), ( m P ) has been recorded, thus I-V and P-V characteristics curves of PV module has been plotted in order to compute the efficiency in such condition for each value of irradiance. Figure  9  shows the indoor experimental condition.
A pyranometer has been placed at the same location to record the solar radiation,  Table  3. Technical characteristics of PV module  [30]. thus enable the computation of the performance ratio of the two modules. Table  4  gives a sample of the data recorded through this experiment. The recorded parameters are day of experiment, hour, incoming solar radiation (W/m 2 ), short-circuit current ( 1 sc I ), open-circuit voltage ( 1 oc V ) for the uncleaned PV module, 1 P , the power produced ( ), the power difference and the relative difference which is the ratio of the difference of power for the two modules and the power of the cleaned module.
Experimental Section All chemicals and solvents were of reagent grade or better, purchased from Aldrich, Acros or Fisher Scientific. The 3-methoxypropionitrile was purchased from Aldrich. Optical rotations were recorded in CH 2 Cl 2 solution. 1 H-NMR (300. 13 MHz) and 13 C-NMR (75. 47 MHz) spectra were recorded in CDCl 3 , DMSO-d 6 or MeOD-d 4 (internal Me 4 Si), respectively. Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) was performed on Silica F254 and detection was done by UV light at 254 nm or by charring with the phosphomolybdic-H 2 SO 4 reagent. Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FT-IR) spectra were obtained on an AVATAR™ 320 neat in attenuated total reflectance (ATR) mode. Mass spectral data were acquired on a WATERS Micromass ZQ spectrometer or a WATERS Micromass Q-TOF spectrometer. Column chromatography was carried out on Silica Gel 60 (230 mesh).
The EIS data were analyzed using ZView 3. 2b software by applying the Randles circuit theory  [32]. The diffusion coefficient was determined using the equation D I 3 " L 2 {W s , where L corresponds to the separation distance between the two FTO-Pt electrodes and W s to the Warburg coefficient determined by the fitting analysis of low frequency Nernst diffusion part in the Nyquist plot. All kinetic parameters acquired from impedance spectroscopy were determined after simulation with adequate equivalent electrical circuit, e. g. , transmission line model for DSC devices  [33, 34]. Ionic diffusion coefficients were also determined by cyclic-voltammetry using a Pt micro-electrode (limiting current approach). Photo-current density-voltage (J-V) characteristics of DSCs were recorded by means of a computer controlled digital source meter (Keithley combined with a Newport SOL3A solar simulator (Location) with A.
1 % Tween-20 (PBST) and 30 % NGS, for 60 h at 4 °C. After extensive washes in PBST, samples were incubated at 4 °C overnight with secondary antibodies-goat anti-rabbit IgG-Alexa 488 and goat anti-mouse IgG-Alexa 647-diluted 1:400 in blocking buffer (1 % BSA in PBST). All samples were washed thoroughly in PBS. All specimens except Ihlea punctata were counterstained with DAPI (1 μg/ml in PBS) for Fig. 7  Phylogenetic characters. Comparison of serotonin-like immunoreactivity distribution and selected plesiomorphies in thaliacean orders and in the phlebobranch species, Phallusia mammillata. Non-neural data from  [35, 52, 61, 76, 77]  nuclear labelling. Control experiments were run in parallel by omitting primary antibodies. Image acquisition was performed on Zeiss LSM 510 Meta and Leica SP5 confocal microscopes.
Acknowledgments We are grateful to  Alessandro Minelli  ( University of Padova, Italy ) and  John Kirwan  ( Lund University, Sweden ) for critical reading and commenting the manuscript. The authors would also thank  Santiago Valero-Medranda  ( Spain ) for illustrating Figs. 6 and7, and the fishery services at MEDA- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn (Italy). Sampling at the  Observatoire Océanologique de Villefranche -sur-mer (France) have been done with the support of  EMBRC-France.