dataesr/scientific-paragraphs-categorization huggingface dataset:
QOL In four various studies, the FAOS QOL score was recorded. (4-8) Because the variability was signi cant (P 0. 00001, I 2 = 92% ), a random-effects meta-analysis was used, which can be seen in Fig. 3e. There was a signi cant difference between the two groups (MD =10. 80, 95% CI: 6. 40-15. 20, P 0. 00001). After a one-year follow-up period, two studies(4, 14)with 88 patients reported the FAOS QOL score with SD. The data were examined using a random-effect model because there was no substantial variation (P = 1. 00, I 2 = 0%). There was a signi cant difference between the Other operations and MBG groups in terms of Sports score (MD= 12. 10, 95%CI: 10. 00-14. 20, P 0. 00001). Three investigations(4, 10, 14) involving 143 patients were conducted after two years of follow-up. Because of the signi cant heterogeneity (P 0.
Acknowledgements Dong. Z and Qifan. Y conceived the original ideas of this manuscript. Jing L, Qifan. Y screened out eligible studies separately. Lei. T discussed the controversial parts of literature screening and quality evaluation. Peng C. Z, Qifan. Y a Jing. L completed data collection and analysis and nished the manuscript. Dong. Z and  Lei. T supervised the entire process and revised the manuscript. All authors have read and approved the manuscript.
Mounted specimens were studied and photographed with an Olympus © BX51-P microscope with differential interference contrast (DIC) optics equipped with an Olympus © DP-70 camera. For scanning electron microscopy (SEM), specimens were dehydrated through a graded series of ethanol and then transferred to acetone through a graded ethanol/acetone series, critical point dried, mounted on aluminum stubs and sputter-coated with a gold/palladium mixture for examination with a JEOL ® JSM-6335F field emission scanning electron microscope at the ICTS Centro Nacional de Microscopía Electrónica (Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain). Line drawings and image plate compositions were made using Illustrator CC-2014 and Adobe ® Photoshop software, respectively. The type material of the new species is deposited at the Natural History Museum of Denmark (NHMD).
Acknowledgements The authors want to thank  Prof. Birger Neuhaus  for the loan of material of Setaphyes kielensis from the  collection of Museum für Naturkunde. This study has been partially funded by the project  Fauna Ibérica XII: Escalidóforos de la Península Ibérica y Baleares  ( PGC-2018 095851-B-C62 ) of the  Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (MICINN) of Spain. NS was funded by the  Comunidad de Madrid  and the  Universidad Complutense de Madrid  in the framework of the  Research Talent Attraction Programme  for incorporation into research groups in the  Comunidad de Madrid  ( 2019-T2/AMB-13328 ). RCN dedicates his sampling efforts in Alvor, Portugal, to the memory of  Prof. Dr Heinrich Reichert , who financially supported the field trip to Alvor. RCN is also grateful for the technical support provided by  Dr Gonçalo Calado  and the staff of the  Portuguese Institute of Malacology  during the field collection.
Firstly, we selected transgenic lines expressing pHS::BRI1-mCit and pHS::BRI1 Q -mCit with similar expression levels following the heat induction (37ºC) for 1 h (Figure  S2C ). Taking advantage of a vertical confocal microscope setup equipped with the TipTracker software  (von Wangenheim et al. , 2017)  that allows the monitoring of growing root tips over time, we observed that BRI1 Q -mCit reached the PM a little later than the BRI1-mCit. However, after a signal intensity peak in the PM, between 87 and 99 min, the internalization rate of BRI1-mCit and BRI1 Q -mCit was very similar. Thus, our findings further confirm previous reports  (Geldner et al. , 2007; Irani et al. , 2012; Russinova et al. , 2004 ) that the BRI1 internalization is largely independent of BR binding. After ligand binding and interaction with BAK1, BRI1 is phosphorylated and ubiquitinated, both essential for receptor internalization  (Martins et al.
The BFA body size was calculated as previously described  (Luo et al. , 2015). Xylem was imaged with Leica SP8X confocal microscope equipped with a HC PL APO CS2 63x/1. 20 n. a. water-corrected immersion objective. The excitation/emission wavelengths used were of 561 nm/600-650 nm for Basic Fuchsin staining. The BRI1 heat shock lines were analyzed under a vertical ZEISS LSM900 microscope equipped with a Plan-Apochromat M27 20x/ 0. 8 n. a. objective. The excitation/emission wavelengths were 514 nm/530-600 nm for BRI1-mCit. The root tip was tracked over time with the TipTracker software  (von Wangenheim et al. , 2017). Quantification was obtained by measuring the PM signal of the same cell over time and normalized by the time point with the highest PM signal. Images processing and quantification were performed with the Fiji software package.
Right-angle light scattering (RALS). BRI1 ectodomains (residues 1-788 with a C-terminal Avi-tag as well as a TEV protease cleavable TwinStrep -9x His tag) were expressed and purified as described previously  (Hohmann et al 2018b)  and analyzed by size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) paired with a RALS and a refractive index (RI) detector, using an OMNISEC RESOLVE / REVEAL system. The calibration of the instrument was carried out with a BSA standard (Thermo Scientific). In a 50 µl volume, 100 µg of protein was separated on a Superdex 200 increase column (GE Healthcare) in 20 mM sodium citrate, pH 5. 0, 250 mM NaCl at a column temperature of 35°C and a 0. 7 ml/min. Data were analyzed using the OMNISEC software (v10. 41). Homology modeling and structure visualization. BRI Q ectodomain structure was modeled using the Modeller 9.
18 program  (Šali and Blundell, 1993)  with the BRI1 ectodomain (PDB ID 3RJ0) as a template. The structures of wild type BRI1 and BRI1 Q ectodomains (Figure  1 ) were visualized by UCSF Chimera  (Pettersen et al. , 2021). Multiple sequence alignment was prepared using the Jalview program  (Waterhouse et al. , 2009).
QUANTIFICATION AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS The data were subjected to statistical analysis using GraphPad Prism (https://www. graphpad. com/scientific-software/prism/) and Excel software. Comparisons between groups were made with the Mann Whitney test or two-way ANOVA with subsequent post hoc Sidak's multiple comparisons test. Comparisons between discrete groups were made using Chi-square test. The measurements are shown as box plots displaying the first and third quartiles and split by medians (center lines), with whiskers extending to 1. 5-fold the interquartile range from the 25th and 75th percentiles.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We thank  Yanhai Yin  ( Iowa State University, Ames, USA ),  Gregory Vert  ( CNRS/Université de Toulouse, France ), and  Cyril Zipfel  ( University of Zurich, Switzerland ) for providing the anti-BES1 antibody, the pBRI1: BRI1-mCit/bri1  Arabidopsis transgenic line, pDONRP4P1r-pBRI1, pDONRP1P2-BRI1 and pDONRP2rP3-mCit plasmids, and information for making the anti-BAK1 antibody, respectively, and  Martine De Cock  for help in preparing the manuscript. This work was supported by  Ghent University Special Research Fund  Grant ( BOF15/24J/048  to E. R. ), the  Research Foundation-Flanders  (project  G022516N  to E. R. and a postdoctroral fellowship  12R7819N  to N. V. ), the  European Research Council  ( ERC Co T-Rex  grant  682436  to D. V. D), the  Swiss National Science Foundation  (project number  31003A_176237 , to M.
Three complementary aspects of small vessel function were investigated. 9] [20]  Flow velocity data were acquired with two, single-slice 2D-Qflow velocity mapping acquisitions, and a peripheral pulse unit was used for retrospective cardiac gating. Mean blood flow velocity and pulsatility index in perforating arteries in the basal ganglia and centrum semiovale were calculated (see supplementary table for exact processing pipeline). 2. Reactivity in response to a short visual stimulus was assessed in the visual cortex with the blood-oxygenlevel dependent (BOLD) response. Participants were presented with a 8 Hz blue-yellow reversing checkerboard using very short (0. 5 s) and long blocks (16. 7 s) of visual stimulation, during a 10-min experiment (for detailed parameters see design paper  15  ).
Statistical Analysis Differences in characteristics between CADASIL patients and controls were tested with an independent samples t-test for continuous normally distributed data, Mann-Whitney U test for non-parametric continuous data and chi-square for categorical data. Differences between patients and controls in small vessel function measures were tested with analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). Age and sex were included as a covariate to accommodate small differences in age and sex between groups. Pulsatility index was additionally corrected for mean blood flow velocity, and BOLD hypercapnia comparisons were additionally corrected for change in end-tidal CO 2 in response to hypercapnia. Within the patient group, mean blood flow velocity and pulsatility index in the perforating arteries in the centrum semiovale and BOLD% signal change to hypercapnia were compared in normal appearing white matter (NAWM) and WMH with a paired t-test.
This comparison could not be made for perforating arteries in the basal ganglia because of limited WMH volume in that region of interest. For the same reason NAWM versus WMH comparisons for BOLD% signal change to hypercapnia could not be performed in control participants. For measures of small vessel function that differed between patients and controls we performed explorative analyses in the patient group, where we related these measures to age and WMH volume. WMH volume was normalized to the intracranial volume and because data were skewed, we used the cube-root of the WMH volume. Given the collinearity of possible confounders (e. g. , age relates to disease stage) with small vessel function measures, we did not correct for possible confounding variables in these exploratory analyses. All statistical analyses were performed in SPSS version 25 and p < 0.
Results The characteristics of the 23 CADASIL patients and 13 controls are shown in Table  2. Groups were reasonably well matched with respect to age and sex (patients: mean age 51. 1 AE 10. 1 years, 52% female; controls: 46. 1 AE 12. 6 years, 46% female). As expected, patients more often had a history of stroke, more often used antiplatelet drugs, and showed high burden of imaging markers of cSVD on 3T-MRI. None of the controls was excluded because of covert cSVD on MRI (i. e. , presence of lacunes or Fazekas ≥2 as defined in the protocol  15  ), as expected given their age. Figure  1  lists the number of 7T measures included in the final analysis. Participants with missing or failed 7T measurements were no different regarding demographics or disease severity than participants with complete 7T datasets.
Acknowledgments ZOOM @SVDs  is part of SVDs@target that has received funding from the  European Union 's  Horizon 2020 research and innovative program  under grant agreement No. 666 , 881. This work is also supported by  Vici Grant   918. 16. 616  from the  Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO)  to  GJB. MDi  has received funding from the  Vascular Dementia Research Foundation , the  LMUExcellent Investitionsfond , and the  DFG  as part of the  Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology  (EXC 2145 SyNergy -ID 390,857,198). JJMZ has received funding from the  European Research Council  under the European Union's  Seventh Framework Program  (FP/2007-2013) /  ERC  Grant Agreement n. 337333 and n. 841865. JMW is supported by the  UK Dementia Research Institute  which receives its funding from  DRI Ltd , funded by the  UK Medical Research Council, Alzheimer's Society and Alzheimer's Research UK , and the  British Heart Foundation Centre for Research Excellence Award III  ( RE/18/5/34216 ).
Intelligent thermal management of Li-ion cells in combination with materials innovations  8, 9  will reduce rangeanxiety for automotive vehicles and aid aircraft take-off, ultimately enabling the transition to electrified transport. Laboratory X-ray CT. The lab X-ray CT data was collected using a Nikon XT H225 (Nikon Metrology, Inc. U. S. A. ) by rotating the sample through 2,278 angular projections and exposing the sample at each increment to a polychromatic X-ray beam of characteristic peak energy of 58 keV (W-Kα), each with an exposure time of 1 s; with an isotropic 36 μm reconstructed voxel length. This data has been published openly elsewhere and is free to download  23. All data was reconstructed using commercial software employing cone-beam filtered-back-projection (FBP) algorithms ("CT Pro 3D," Figure legends Nikon Metrology, Inc.
Synchrotron. All synchrotron experiments were performed at the ID15A beamline  24  at the ESRF -The European Synchrotron, Grenoble, France. During the XRD-CT measurements the sample was continuously rotated while being translated horizontally across the X-ray beam path in steps defined by the horizontal beam size (Fig. S1 ). The MCC-XRD data was collected during translation of the sample along either the direction parallel to the beam (x) or perpendicular (y). In both setups the scattered signal was collected at rates of 200-250 Hz using a Pilatus 3X CdTe 2M detector (Dectris, Baden-Dättwil, Switzerland).
0C (1. 5 A). After each charge or discharge step, the cell was held at OCV for 30 mins. The MCC-XRD experiment was conducted on an NMC cell discharged at: 1. 0C (3. 50 A), 1. 5C (5. 25 A), 2. 0C (7. 00 A), and 2. 9C (9. 96 A). The first charge was conducted at 0. 5C (1. 75 A) in order to begin the discharge experiences, all subsequent charges were conducted at 1. 0C (3. 5 A). After each charge or discharge step, the cell was held at OCV for 30 mins. Ex situ temperatures. The ex situ oven-heating experiments were performed using ultra-fast XRD-CT with an incident beam energy of 95 keV and a 200 x 200 μm 2 beam size. The detector-sample distance was set to 1000 mm. XRD-CT scans were performed every ~170 seconds. After keeping the LFP cell at 120 °C for three hours, XRD-CT data was collected over the course of 1.
25 hours while the cell was cooling to room temperature with no electrochemistry applied. The same measurements were performed every ~255 seconds on an NMC811 cell, during cooling in air, after holding at 80 o C for three hours. In situ temperature measurements. The in situ OCV cooling experiments were performed using ultrafast XRD-CT while charging and discharging the cell at different rates. The experiments were conducted using an X-ray beam of 100 keV and a 200 x 200 μm 2 size, XRDCT scans were performed every 3 minutes. The detector-sample distance was set to 1275 mm for NMC cells, and 1770 mm for LFP cells. XRD-CT datasets were collected continuously during charge/discharge for the entire electrochemical cycle on each cell. The cell mounted in the battery holder was connected to the Biologic SP300 potentiostat.
XRD-CT reconstruction. For each measured XRD-CT slice, the 2D diffraction patterns I(2θ,η) from all rotation and translation positions were integrated over the azimuthal angle (η) using pyFAI software  25. The azimuthal range was ±15° around the vertical scattering plane, corresponding to a condition where the momentum transfer vector (q) is virtually parallel to the sample rotation axis (z, see Fig. S1b ). The resulting azimuthally integrated data was corrected for incident flux and sample absorption effects and finally reconstructed through a FBP algorithm implemented in Matlab.
Acknowledgements This work was carried out with funding from the  Faraday Institution  (faraday. ac. uk;  EP/S003053/1 ), grant number  FIRG001  and  FIRG003. The authors would like to acknowledge the  Royal Academy of Engineering  ( CiET1718\59 ) for financial support. Use of the instruments was supported by  EP/N032888/1. The  ESRF  is acknowledged for provision of beamtime ( ME-1577: 10. 15151/ESRF-ES-549494442 ,  IH-MA-171: 10. 15151/ESRF-ES-532206404 ,  IH-MA-153: 10. 15151/ESRF-ES-478854138 ). M. J acknowledges  HORIBA-MIRA ,  UCL  and  EPSRC  ( EP/R513143/1 ) for a  CASE studentship. The authors would like to thank  Mohamed Mezoura  ( ESRF ) for lending of the MCC and related equipment, and  Dr. Partha Paul  for beamline support.
The positions of Cu Bragg peaks used for internal temperature calculations were also used to calculate strain values. Likewise, the battery section was split into eight radial zones and values from the voxels in each zone averaged for better statistics. Strain on Cu current collector caused by the volume change due to lithiation of graphite was calculated by measuring the Cu d-spacing before the charge (d0) and the Cu d-spacing after the charge (d). The final strain after charge was calculated for the eight circular zones inside the battery with the following equation: Rietveld refinements. Rietveld analysis was performed on the I(2θ) patterns in the reconstructed tomograms of the cells to calculate the SoC from the varying distribution of lithiated anode phases. Batch fit routines were set up in Topas v7 26 to handle the analysis of the several thousands of diffractograms in each dataset.
Subjects This research draws on the TELARTA (Telomere in Arterial Aging) cohort  [57]. Men and women (aged 20 to 94 years) were enrolled in university hospitals in Nancy and Marseille, France. They were admitted for various surgical procedures or for defibrillator implantation. All participants provided written informed consent approved by the Ethics Committee (Comité de Protection des Personnes) of Nancy, France. The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and is registered on http: //www. clinicaltrials. gov under unique identifier: NCT02176941. Patients were classified into two groups according to the presence or not of clinical atherosclerosis: ASCVD and Control groups. The ASCVD group included individuals with a history of clinically evident atherosclerosis in at least one of the following vascular territories: heart (coronary arteries), cerebrovascular (carotid and cerebral arteries), and lower limbs (iliac, femoral, and popliteal arteries).
Enumeration and Characterization of Circulating Progenitor Cells by Flow Cytometry Blood samples were collected for Lithium Heparinate. CD34+ hematopoietic PC were enumerated with a whole-blood flow cytometry protocol adapted from the standardized International Society of Hematotherapy and Graft Engineering single platform sequential gating strategy  [58]. Briefly, 100 µL of blood was stained with PE-CD34 antibody or PE-immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1), and 7-aminoactinomycin D (7-AAD) (Stem kit Reagents; Beckman Coulter Life Sciences, Brea, CA, USA), according to the manufacturer's instructions. After lysis of erythrocytes, flow count beads were added to each sample for absolute value determination, and samples were analyzed with a NAVIOS flow cytometer equipped with CXP software (Beckman Coulter Life Sciences).
Contributions: Conceptualization, A. B. , F. D. -G. and F. S. ; Validation, S. S. , S. T. , S. G. , C. D. , L. A. and M. G. S. ; formal analysis, S. S. , S. T. , S. G. , C. D. , L. A. and M. G. S. ; investigation, S. S. , S. T. , S. G. , C. D. , L. A. , M. G. S. and P. M. R. ; writing-original draft preparation, S. S. , S. T. and C. L. ; writing-review and editing S. S. , S. T. , C. L. , S. G. , A. B. and F. S. ; supervision, S. V. -S. , A. B. , F. D. -G. and F. S. ; funding acquisition, A. B. , F. D. -G. and F. S. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. Funding: This work was supported by the French National Research Agency (Agence Nationale de Recherche-ANR), Translationnelle: N • ID RCB: 2014-A00298-39: 2014-2017 and partially supported by the French PIA project « Lorraine Université d'Excellence », reference ANR-15-IDEX-04-LUE, the Investments for the Future Program under grant agreement No.
ANR-15-RHU-0004 and the Contrats de Plan État-Région (CPER)-Innovations Technologiques, Modélisation et Médecine Personnalisée (ITM2P) 2015-2020. Institutional Review Board Statement: The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and approved by the Ethics Committee (Comité de Protection des Personnes) of Nancy, France. It is registered on http://www. clinicaltrials. gov under unique identifier: NCT02176941. Informed Consent Statement: Informed consent was obtained from all subjects involved in the study.
Author Contributions: Conceptualization, A. B. , F. D. -G. and F. S. ; Validation, S. S. , S. T. , S. G. , C. D. , L. A. and M. G. S. ; formal analysis, S. S. , S. T. , S. G. , C. D. , L. A. and M. G. S. ; investigation, S. S. , S. T. , S. G. , C. D. , L. A. , M. G. S. and P. M. R. ; writing-original draft preparation, S. S. , S. T. and C. L. ; writing-review and editing S. S. , S. T. , C. L. , S. G. , A. B. and F. S. ; supervision, S. V. -S. , A. B. , F. D. -G. and F. S. ; funding acquisition, A. B. , F. D. -G. and F. S. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. Funding: This work was supported by the French National Research Agency (Agence Nationale de Recherche-ANR), Translationnelle: N • ID RCB: 2014-A00298-39: 2014-2017 and partially supported by the French PIA project « Lorraine Université d'Excellence », reference ANR-15-IDEX-04-LUE, the Investments for the Future Program under grant agreement No.
Intersexual dominance, which is measured by the probability that members of one sex elicit submission of members of the other sex during agonistic interactions, is often skewed in favor of males. However, even in sexually dimorphic species, several factors may influence intersexual dominance. Here, we use an -year dataset to examine the dynamics of intersexual dominance in wild-living mandrills (Mandrillus sphinx). Mandrills exhibit an extreme male-biased sexual size dimorphism but females show pronounced kin-di erentiated social relationships and occasionally form coalitions against males. We established intersexual hierarchies across consecutive -month time blocks, representing either mating or birth seasons. Although females appeared to outrank % of males, they elicited male submission in only % of agonistic interactions against males.
We predict females to outrank less males when the social hierarchy is based on ritualized submissive interactions only, compared to a dataset comprising aggressive interactions occurring during aggressive encounters. In a second step, we investigate factors that could influence the probability that a given female outranks a given male. We expect that (i) intrasexual dominance rank position predicts the position of an individual in the intersexual hierarchy, (ii) females outrank more males during the mating season, when they are sexually receptive and thus have more leverage, and when the group includes more males. We further expect that (iii) more socially integrated individuals are more dominant over the other sex as they have more social support, and that (iv) females have a higher probability to outrank males who are not in their prime (the age range when males are the strongest).
We used behavioral, demographic and life-history data collected from April 2013 to September 2021 on 93 adult females (aged 4 years and older) and 35 subadult and adult males (aged 9 years and older). We included subadult males (aged 9-10 years) because males at this stage are fully-grown and have usually entered the male-male competition and started mating with females  (Setchell and Dixson, 2002; Setchell et al. , 2005b). When the exact birth date was not known or approximated to a few days, we estimated it using body condition and patterns of tooth eruption and wear  (Galbany et al. , 2014). We divided the study period in 6-month time blocks roughly equating to the mating (April-September) and birth (October-March) seasons  (Dezeure et al. , 2022). When an individual turned adult during a season (6-month time block), we included it for the whole season.