dataesr/scientific-paragraphs-categorization huggingface dataset:
Discussion In this retrospective single-center cohort study, we have examined the outcome of a modern population of IBC receiving HDC-AHSCT. With a median follow-up of more than 80 months, 5 -year OS and DFS were 74% (IC95% 61-83) and 65% (IC95% 52-75), respectively and favorably compared with data available in the literature  [16]. TN patients carried the least favourable OS and HER2 patients, half of them also receiving trastuzumab, had the best outcome. Finally, although HDC-AHSCT had a significant extra-haematological toxicity, no treatment-related death occurred and administration of post-progression treatments was not compromised. To our knowledge, this is the first study to assess the results of HDC-AHSCT in the treatment of IBC for which the IHC-defined breast cancer subtype was known.
However, results were also outstanding for this subtype. Consistently, several data obtained in high-risk early BC suggests an advantage for HDC in HR-negative patients. A German study showed that BC patients with expression of Y-box-binding protein, which is associated with aggressive tumor phenotype (HR-negative, HER2-positive and p53-postive status, high MIB-1, unfavorable tumor grade) benefited from rapidly cycled tandem high-dose adjuvant chemotherapy  [22]. Danebrock-Diallo et al analyzed the predictive and prognostic impact of molecular sub-type in locally advanced BC after HDC dose intensity or conventional regimen. Their conclusion was that the basal and HER2 subgroups benefited from the HDC  [23]. Finally, a meta-analysis evaluating randomized trials of HDC in the adjuvant setting of high risk breast cancer (defined by massive lymph node involvement) indicated a possible OS benefit from HDC in patients harboring hormonal or HER2-negative tumors.
Secondary antibodies were anti-rabbit IgG-HRP (goat polyclonal, Sigma, 1:50,000), anti-mouse IgG-HRP (goat polyclonal, Santa Cruz Biotechnology, 1:10,000) and anti-rat IgG-HRP (goat polyclonal, Sigma, 1:4000), and were incubated 1 h at room temperature. Detection was performed using the Pierce ECL Western Blotting Substrate (Thermo). The quantification of western blot bands was done using the open-source software Fiji (National Institute of Health).
This work was supported by an  Interdisciplinary Grant  from the  Institut Pasteur de Montevideo  (www. pasteur. edu. uy) to FI,  Agencia Nacional de Investigación e Innovación (ANII , www. anii. org. uy)-ProgramaInnova to JLB and partially funded by  MERCOSUR Structural Convergence Fund (FOCEM ,  COF 03/11 ). BT was supported with scholarships from the  Agencia Nacional de Investigación e Innovación  and the  Comisión Académica de Posgrado ,  Universidad de la República  (CAP, www. posgrados. udelar. edu. uy). MG, JLB and FI are supported by the  Agencia Nacional de Investigación e Innovación  and the  Programa para el Desarrollo de las Ciencias Básicas  (PEDECIBA, www. pedeciba. edu. uy). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
Recruitment of the participants and questionnaire administration Second year to 6 th year students of Universitede Nantes dental school (n Z 387) were eligible. We contacted dental students by e-mail (3 times), and invited them to answer the electronic version of the questionnaire. The access (between March 2014 and May 2014) to the electronic version was made possible after an electronic validation of an informed consent, in which means and goals of the study were described. Answering the paper version of the questionnaire was also proposed at the end of course sessions to students who did not answer the electronic version (between March 2014 and May 2014). In these conditions, the informed consent was validated on paper. Data were only accessible to researchers and anonymity was ensured.
Data analysis Data were collected at the end of the open session and were further analyzed with SPSS version 20 (IBM Inc. , Armonk, NY, USA) and Sigma Plot (Jandel Scientific, San Rafael, CA, USA). Answers collected from dental students were randomly allocated into two subgroups (i. e. , 1: n Z 172 and 2: n Z 171) through an Excel (Microsoft Inc. , Redmond, WA, USA) procedure. An exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was conducted on the answers of the first subgroup of dental students (maximum likelihood method with varimax rotation and Kaiser normalization). Well defined values  31  were used as acceptance thresholds. The appropriateness of the questionnaire was deduced from KaisereMeyereOlkin and the Bartlett tests coefficients. The adequacy of item sampling was estimated by the anti-image correlation coefficient value for each item (threshold > 0.
Goodness of fit The four-factor structure was evaluated with CFA considering the answers of the second subgroup of dental students. The results are presented in Table  4. The model  The GFI of our model remained valid when we used the answers of Subgroup 1 or those of the overall student population (Table  4 ). This was also the case when we examined the answers of female or male students (Table  4 ). By contrast, most of GFIs did not satisfy acceptance thresholds when the three-factor model described by Vaglum et al,  29  was evaluated (data not shown). The internal reliability of each factor was established by calculating Cronbach-a values for "altruism" (0. 798), "scientific curiosity" (0. 781), and "educational advantages" (0. 712). The factor "status and incomes" had a Cronbach-a value very close to 0.
Discussion The aim of our work was devoted to the validation of a French questionnaire, allowing the investigation of French dental students' motivations for their studies. The rate of questionnaire return was high at Universitede Nantes dental school. Although the sex allocation and the socioprofessional origin of the students of Universitede Nantes dental school are similar to those described for other French dental schools,  34  our data cannot be extrapolated to the other 15 dental schools of France. The internal consistency of our French questionnaire was reasonably acceptable and its appropriateness was first-rate. Data and analysis support a factor structure with psychometric properties (i. e. , overall reliability, item appropriateness, communalities, and loading values) of honorable quality.
Titrations of PtTMPyP4 and PdTMPyP4 with Tel22 in 5K buffer Titrations were performed by stepwise additions of Tel22 to a solution of 1-6 µM PtTMPyP4 or ~3 µM PdTMPyP4 in 5K buffer. Solution of Tel22 was added to a cuvette with porphyrin, mixed thoroughly and equilibrated for two min after which UV-Vis spectra were acquired in 350-650 nm range. Titration was deemed complete when the spectra collected after three successive additions of Tel22 were nearly superimposable. Data were treated as described in our earlier work  [36]. Additionally, the spectra were corrected for dilution effect. Both direct fitting of UV-Vis data (assuming two-state equilibrium) and Scatchard analysis were used to obtain the values of binding affinity and stoichiometry. Hypochromicity (% H, decrease in signal intensity) and red shift (change in peak position) were extracted from UV-Vis data.
Circular dichroism Circular dichroism (CD) experiments were performed on either a Jasco J-800 or AVIV 410 spectropolarimeters containing a Peltier heating unit (error of ±0. 3 °C) with a 1 cm quartz cuvette. On Jasco J-800, scans were collected at 100 nm/min rate, 1 nm increment, 1 s response time. Each final spectrum was obtained by averaging three scans, subtracting the spectrum of a buffer, and smoothing the data using a Savitzky-Golay function. Additional details can be found elsewhere  [36].
Acknowledgments We would like to thank  Dr. Robert Pasternack  of  Swarthmore College  for his gift of PtTMPyP4, and  Dr. Nick Kaplinsky  of  Swarthmore College  for use of his RT-PCR machine. This work was funded by  Swarthmore Start-up funds  (to LAY),  Starfield Student Research Endowment of Swarthmore College  (to NCS),  Howard Hughes Medical Institute  (to NCS), a  Benjamin Franklin Travel Grant  from the  French Embassy in the United States  (to NCS),  Agence Nationale de la recherche  ( Vibbnano  [ ANR-10-NANO-04-03 ] and  Quarpdiem  [ ANR-12-BSV8-0008-01 ]) (to JLM) and  Conseil régional d'Aquitaine  (to JLM) Grants.
Data selection and simulation A W ± → µ ± ν event is characterized by an isolated muon with a high transverse momentum p T and a large missing transverse energy E T / associated with an undetected neutrino. Events in this sample are collected with an isolated single-muon trigger with a p T threshold of 24 GeV. To reduce the background, identification and isolation criteria are applied to the reconstructed muons. These requirements are similar to those used in the previous measurement  [11]. Muon tracks must be reconstructed in both the silicon tracker and the muon detectors. The global muon fit is required to have a χ 2 per degree of freedom less than 10. The pseudorapidity coverage for reconstructed muons is restricted to |η| < 2. 4. Cosmic ray contamination is largely reduced by rejecting the muon candidates with a large (>0.
The above corrections are applied to both data and simulated events. The final set of corrections, derived from the "hadronic recoil" technique  [28, 29] , is applied to simulated W ± → µ ± ν, Z/γ * → µ + µ -, and QCD events to match the average p miss T scale and resolution to data. The modeling of the multijet events is further improved with a set of corrections derived from a QCD control sample selected by inverting the offline isolation requirement for events collected using a prescaled muon trigger with no isolation requirement. Muon p T -dependent weight factors are determined for the QCD simulation that match the muon p T distributions with data. The QCD control sample is also used to derive ratios between the yields with positive and negative muons in each muon |η| bin. These ratios are used to constrain the relative QCD contributions to W + and W -events, as described in Section 5.
The PDF uncertainties are evaluated by using the NLO MSTW2008  [34] , CT10  [18] , and NN-PDF2. 1  [35]  PDF sets. All simulated events are weighted according to a given PDF set, varying both the template normalizations and shapes. For CT10 and MSTW2008 PDFs, asymmetric master equations are used  [18, 34]. For the NNPDF2. 1 PDF set, the standard deviation of the extracted cross section distributions is taken as a systematic uncertainty. For the CT10, the 90% confidence level (CL) uncertainty is rescaled to 68% CL using a factor of 1. 645. The half-width of the total envelope of all three PDF uncertainty bands is taken as the PDF uncertainty. The CT10 error set is used to estimate the correlations between the two charges and different |η| bins. Finally, a ±2. 6% uncertainty  [36]  is assigned to the integrated luminosity of the data sample.
QCD analysis The muon charge asymmetry measurements at 8 TeV presented here are used in a QCD analysis at NNLO together with the combined measurements of neutral-and charged-current cross sections of deep inelastic electron(positron)-proton scattering (DIS) at HERA  [42]. The correlations of the experimental uncertainties for the muon charge asymmetry and for the inclusive DIS cross sections are taken into account. The theoretical predictions are calculated at NLO by using the MCFM 6. 8 program  [43, 44] , which is interfaced to APPLGRID 1. 4. 56  [45]. The NNLO corrections are obtained by using k-factors, defined as ratios of the predictions at NNLO to the ones at NLO, both calculated with the FEWZ 3. 1  [37]  program, using NNLO CT10  [18]  PDFs. Version 1. 1. 1 of the open-source QCD fit framework for PDF determination HERAFitter  [46, 47]  is used with the partons evolved by using the Dokshitzer-Gribov-Lipatov-Altarelli-Parisi equations  [48] [49] [50] [51] [52] [53]  at NNLO, as implemented in the QCDNUM 17-00/06 program  [54].
[11] , but replacing the CMS measurements at √ s = 7 TeV by those at √ s = 8 TeV. Also, a combined QCD analysis of both CMS data sets is performed. Very good agreement is observed between the CMS measurements of W asymmetry at √ s = 7 TeV and √ s = 8 TeV and a similar effect on the central values of the PDFs as reported in Ref. [11]. Compared to the PDFs obtained with HERA only data, the improvement of the precision in the valence quark distributions is more pronounced, when the measurements at √ s = 8 TeV are used compared to the results of Ref. [11]. Due to somewhat lower Bjorken x probed by the measurements at 8 TeV, as compared to 7 TeV, the two data sets are complementary and should both be used in the future global QCD analyses.
Population A total of 5 patients were included in this study (2 men, 3 women; mean age, 55 years; range, 46-61 years). No patient harbored lymph node or systemic metastases on preoperative evaluation. Histological analyses revealed squamous cell carcinoma in 3 patients and adenocarcinoma in 2. On the basis of both CT and MRI, the tumors were classified as type B in 3 patients and type C in 2 patients because all demonstrated significant spinal involvement. The tumor involved 2 adjacent levels in 1 patient, 3 levels in 1 patient, and 4 levels in 3 patients. The main demographic data are summarized in Table  1.
Acknowledgments The  Wellcome Trust  funded this work. K. J. F. is funded by the  Wellcome Trust  [ 088130/Z/09/Z ]. G. P. is funded by the  European Community 's  Seventh Framework Programme  ( FP7/ 2007-2013 ) project  Goal-Leaders  (grant no:  FP7-ICT-270108 ) and the  HFSP  (grant no:  RGY0088/2014 ).
! Consecutive patients in the two university centers who were referred for endoscopic resections (EMR or ESD) for esophageal, gastric, duodenal or colonic superficial lesions were informed of the possibility of gel use and gave their oral consent before the procedure. High risk patients were defined as follows: uninterrupted acetylsalicylic acid treatment  [12] , anticoagulation drugs with heparin bridge therapy, large duodenal resections over 2 cm, and liver cirrhosis with portal hypertension and varices. SAP was available for use in the endoscopic units of both university centers between July 2014 and June 2015. SAP has the CE (European Conformity) mark and has been available for use in humans since 2014  [13, 14]. We retrospectively reviewed and recorded data on all patients who underwent gel application during this period.
Photostimulation and Imaging Procedure Image focus was adjusted using mercury lamp illumination. Photostimulation was produced using the standard bleaching routine in Olympus software. A circular area of 20-30 µm in diameter was irradiated with a femtosecond laser (Mai-Tai, Spectra-Physics) at a wavelength of 800 nm at maximum power for a period of 3 s, causing the initiation and spread of a calcium wave as detected by the intensity increase in Fluo-4AM fluorescence. Imaging was performed using the same laser with an acquisition speed of 1. 2 fps at a resolution of 512x512. Prior to every stimulation a five frame baseline image was acquired. Fluorescence was collected via a 515-560 nm filter. Blood-flow was monitored before and after imaging session to confirm the proper physiological condition of the embryo by observing shadows of erythrocytes in autofluorescence signal produced in the vicinity of the vessel wall.
Image Processing and Quantitative Analysis Image stacks were stabilized using the ImageJ plug-ins StackReg  (Thévenaz et al. , 1998)  for short recordings of the induced activity and processed using Kalman filter (written by Christopher Philip Mauer) and descriptor-based registration  (Preibisch et al. , 2010)  for longer recordings of spontaneous activity. Overlapping of histological images before and after the immunostaining was performed using UnwarpJ plug-in in ImageJ  (Sorzano et al. , 2005). Polar transform of the images was performed with the center given as the point of laser stimulus using the plugin Polar Transform (written by Edwin Donnely and Frederic Mothe) in ImageJ software. The transformed image was divided into regions of interest of square shape with a side 70 µm. Analysis was performed for regions of interest up to 400 µm from the stimulus spot to avoid artifacts due to the transformation procedure.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We thank  N. Belevich  for the help with development of the imaging chamber,  T. Thressard  for help with data analysis,  Irma Thesleff ,  Marja Mikkola  and  Fred Gage  for sharing Sox2-GFP transgenic mouse line,  S. Christopher ,  P. Marshall ,  D. Toptunov ,  M. Kislin ,  Y. Ben-Ari ,  V. Crepel  and  K. Kaila  for useful comments on the manuscript. This work was supported by grants from the  Academy of Finland Suomen Akatemia  (nr 259799) to CR, the  Sigrid Juselius Foundation  and  ANR-13-BSV4-0012-01  to CR,  Academy of Finland Suomen Akatemia  (nr 266820) to VJ, and  Kansainvälisen Liikkuvuuden ja Yhteistyön Keskus (CIMO Foundation ) to MY.
One hundred and fifty-three patients were included: 52. 9% presented PSF. PSF at 6 months was not predicted by medication use at discharge nor associated with medication use at month 6. We found severity of PSF to be increased in patients with polypharmacy. Our results suggest that PSF is not a side effect of drugs use, which more reflects presence of disturbances frequently observed after stroke such as depression, anxiety, or sleep disturbances. Clinical study is registered on clinicaltrials. gov (NCT01330160).
Methods The present study is a prespecified ancillary study of the STROKDEM project, which is an ongoing observational multicenter hospital-based prospective cohort study. The main aim of STROKDEM is to identify prognostic factors of the onset of dementia or cognitive decline following acute stroke. This study procedure was approved by the local ethics committee and registered on clinicaltrials. gov (NCT01330160). Patients met a clinical research associate in a face-to-face interview. After explaining the aims of this study, approval was obtained and participants gave written informed content.
Upon inclusion, data concerning sociodemographic characteristics, vascular risk factors, and medical history are collected after a face-to-face interview using a structured questionnaire. Clinical severity of stroke is assessed according to the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS)  [33]. Etiological (imaging, vascular, and cardiac examination) data of the stroke, as well as blood samples to be used to run the pertinent biomarkers of poststroke dementia, are collected. All patients are planned to be followed up at 6, 12, 36, and 60 months. At each of these visits, evaluation of severity of neurological deficits (NIHSS  [33] ), presence of emotional disorders, fatigue, and functional status is performed according to standardized questionnaires  [34] [35] [36] [37] [38]. Information about changes in treatment is collected using a structured questionnaire.
Study on Poststroke Fatigue. In this ancillary study on PSF, we included from the STROKDEM cohort the first 153 patients with an ischemic stroke admitted in the Stroke Unit of the Lille University Hospital, who had undergone their 6-month visit on July 2015 (see flowchart in Figure  1 ). For the purpose of our study we have collected the following data extracted from the STROKDEM database: demographic data (age and gender), vascular risk factors (arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, tobacco, and alcohol consumption), medical history with history of coronary heart disease, cancer, depression, and sleep apnea syndrome (based on polysomnographic records), previous stroke, or transient ischemic attack. Stroke severity was assessed at the 6-month visit using the NIHSS  [33]. We dichotomized the sample in two groups: patients without any focal deficit (NIHSS = 0) and patients with remaining focal deficit (NIHSS ≥ 1).
Functional status was assessed using the Barthel Index (BI)  [34]. Patients were divided in two groups: patients with complete recovery (BI = 100) and patients with residual functional deficit (BI < 100). Infarct location was assessed on MRI performed at the acute phase by a neuroradiologist blinded to clinical data and was defined as right hemispheric, left hemispheric, located in posterior fossa, or multiple. Poststroke fatigue was assessed by trained vascular neurologists using the French version of the Chalder Fatigue Scale (CFS)  [35]. This instrument is a multidimensional scale that evaluates fatigue among two dimensions: physical and mental fatigue. It is a self-report questionnaire with 11 items and a bimodal response system, with scores ranging from 0 to 11. Patients with a score of 4 or more were considered to have pathological fatigue  [35, 39].
10 in bivariate analyses) using logistic regression models. To avoid case deletion in multivariable analyses due to missing values on depression, anxiety, and sleep disturbances measurements scales (missing in 11 patients with PSF and 6 without), missing data were imputed to missing at random assumption by using regression switching approach (chained equation with  = 10 imputations obtained using the R statistical software version 3. 03)  [43]. Imputation procedure was performed using PSF and all variables listed in Table  1. Logistic regressions estimates obtained in the different imputed data sets were combined using Rubin's rules  [44]  and adjusted odds ratio (ORs) of PSF per each type and number of medications used were derived from these combined estimates. Our first analyses were performed using CFS score as binary variable using a prespecified cut-off to define significant fatigue.
Further analyses were performed by treating CFS score as an ordinal variable. Bivariate associations with CFS score were studied using Spearman's rank correlation coefficients for quantitative variables and using Mann-Whitney U tests for qualitative variables (all binary). Multivariate analyses were made using linear regression models on ranktransformed data. Statistical testing was done at the two-tailed  level of 0. 05. Data were analyzed using the SAS software version 9. 3 (SAS Institute, Cary, NC).
74 and 2. 49. Third, due to a limited sample size of our cohort and the absence of conclusive evidence in the literature of an association between PSF and lesion site  [23, 59] , we decided to consider three groups for stroke location (right hemispheric, left hemispheric, and posterior fossa lesions). We did not find any relationship between stroke location and PSF. Moreover, evaluating the influence of stroke lesion on PSF at month 6 was not the scope of our study, whose aim was to evaluate potential relationship between PSF and medication use. There is, from our point of view, no background supporting the idea that this relationship could be modified by stroke location. Finally, in this study, fatigue was not evaluated before stroke and at the acute phase after stroke. As a consequence, we do not have data concerning the time at which fatigue has occurred.
Acknowledgments The authors thank all their collaborators for this study: clinical research associates ( A. M. Bordet ,  V. Vergriete ), neuropsychologists (V. Chenal, E. Llanes), and neurologists ( M. Bodenant ,  C. Cordonnier ,  D. Deplanque ,  N. Dequatre ,  M. Girot ,  C. Lucas ,  S. Moulin , and  C. Rossi ).
Second, variability in the neuroimaging data acquisition, processing and analysis protocols can affect the sensitivity and apparent variability of the brain measures, making it challenging to compare different studies directly. To address several of these issues, we formed an international collaboration for the study of BD as part of the Enhancing Neuroimaging Genetics through Meta-Analysis (ENIGMA) Consortium. 12 Here, we aimed to identify subcortical brain volumetric changes  13, 14  that may consistently distinguish BD patients from healthy controls using a coordinated meta-analysis approach that builds on the work from Hallahan et al. 9  A number of the studies included in this ENIGMA project have examined volumetric brain differences previously (see Supplementary Table  2  citations), but this effort combines many new sites and additional data in a coordinated analysis.