dataesr/scientific-paragraphs-categorization huggingface dataset:
In the further course of the work, the nominal phase contents were therefore always used. Table  1. Chemical composition of the 1. 4462  [29]  and 1. 4460  [28]  duplex steels according to the supplier's data sheet (balance: Fe). All values are according to DIN EN 10088-3  [30]  in mass %. In the initial state, both materials were textured; this initial texture was determined on cross sections through the material prior to the neutronographic diffraction stress analysis by means of an X-ray texture analysis using a Seifert PTS 3000 4-circle diffractometer (Rich. Seifert & Co, Ahrensburg, Germany) and Ni-filtered Co-Kα radiation. A pinhole collimator on the primary side with a nominal aperture of ø 1 mm was used in combination with a 0. 8 • slit on the secondary side. For the ferrite phase, the four independent lattice planes of {110}, {200}, {211}, and {220} were analysed; for the austenite phase, {111}, {200}, {220}, {222}, and {311} were chosen.
In all cases, incomplete pole figures (PFs) were recorded up to sample tilts of 70 •. From these incomplete pole figures for both phases, the orientation distribution function (ODF) was calculated using the MATLAB toolbox MTEX  [31]. The phase-specific textures in the initial state are represented in Figure  2  by pole figures that were recalculated from the ODFs. The present pole figures in Figure  2  were typical for phase-specific textures In the initial state, both materials were textured; this initial texture was determined on cross sections through the material prior to the neutronographic diffraction stress analysis by means of an X-ray texture analysis using a Seifert PTS 3000 4-circle diffractometer (Rich. Seifert & Co, Ahrensburg, Germany) and Ni-filtered Co-Kα radiation. A pinhole collimator on the primary side with a nominal aperture of ø 1 mm was used in combination with a 0.
8° slit on the secondary side. For the ferrite phase, the four independent lattice planes of {110}, {200}, {211}, and {220} were analysed; for the austenite phase, {111}, {200}, {220}, {222}, and {311} were chosen. In all cases, incomplete pole figures (PFs) were recorded up to sample tilts of 70°. From these incomplete pole figures for both phases, the orientation distribution function (ODF) was calculated using the MATLAB toolbox MTEX  [31]. The phase-specific textures in the initial state are represented in Figure  2  by pole figures that were recalculated from the ODFs. The present pole figures in Figure  2  were typical for phase-specific textures for ferrite and austenite, as they occurred for rod-shaped, semi-finished products of the duplex steels. A detailed description is given in the Results section.
In the 1. 4460 duplex steel, on the other hand, the {110}<111>-rather than the {112}<111>-slip system should be active. In both duplex steels, the {123}<111>-slip system should not become active. Moreover, the predictions made earlier would be valid only if the critical shear stresses of the two ferrite-slip systems were comparable, which should be the case according to  [32]. In addition, metallographically prepared longitudinal sections (ground and vibropolished) were examined for the 1. 4462 duplex stainless steel by means of an EBSD (Zeiss Auriga 60, detector: EDAX DigiView 5 EBSD camera, data collection: EDAX APEX (V2. 2), analysis: OIM Analysis-8)(AMETEK GmbH -EDAX Division, Wiesbaden, Germany). The MATLAB toolbox MTEX  [31]  was used for the evaluation, including the Taylor factor calculations and graphical representations.
In the body-centred-cubic (bcc) ferrite phase, three different slip systems could theoretically be active. When these three slip systems were considered separately, we found that the {112}<111> tended to have the highest average Taylor factor. For the analysis in MTEX, it was necessary to specify a load direction. For the evaluation, a virtual strain tensor of 1% in the load direction was imposed in MTEX. Based on the metallographic studies, there was no evidence of twinning for the austenite phase of both duplex stainless steels. In addition, metallographically prepared longitudinal sections (ground and vibropolished) were examined for the 1. 4462 duplex stainless steel by means of an EBSD (Zeiss Auriga 60, detector: EDAX DigiView 5 EBSD camera, data collection: EDAX APEX (V2. 2), analysis: OIM Analysis-8)(AMETEK GmbH -EDAX Division, Wiesbaden, Germany).
The MATLAB toolbox MTEX  [31]  was used for the evaluation, including the Taylor factor calculations and graphical representations. The Taylor factor M is a geometric factor. The found that the {112}<111> tended to have the highest average Taylor factor. For the analysis in MTEX, it was necessary to specify a load direction. For the evaluation, a virtual strain tensor of 1% in the load direction was imposed in MTEX. Based on the metallographic studies, there was no evidence of twinning for the austenite phase of both duplex stainless steels For the initial sample condition, X-ray RS analyses were performed using the sin 2 ψmethod  [27]. To avoid influences due to the manufacturing process, a layer with a thickness of about 200 µm for each of the samples was electrochemically removed prior to the surface-sensitive X-ray diffraction analysis.
Stress-strain curves from continuous testing using a standardised tensile test (the curves with the designation 'laboratory' were added as benchmark data) from interrupted testing performed during the in situ diffraction experiment at SALSA with a relaxation-driven stress-strain decrease in each step. The measured {hkl} interference lines for both phases were fitted using a Gaussian function by means of the evaluation software LAMP  [37]. A separate and individual background function (intensity above 2θ) was created for each {hkl} diffraction line. The lattice strain was calculated according to  [27] : = - (1) where describes the lattice plane distance in the stress-free material state. In general, various strategies were proposed in the literature to evaluate the load stress experiment. According to  [22] , we assumed that the approach of using the lattice plane distances from the phase initial state of the tensile samples as a reference for the lattice strain calculation was the most suitable.
Hence, using this approach, lattice strains were calculated with reference to the initial material state. The measured {hkl} interference lines for both phases were fitted using a Gaussian function by means of the evaluation software LAMP  [37]. A separate and individual background function (intensity above 2θ) was created for each {hkl} diffraction line. The lattice strain was calculated according to  [27] : ε hkl = d hkl -d hkl 0 d hkl 0 ( 1 ) where d hkl 0 describes the lattice plane distance in the stress-free material state. In general, various d hkl 0 strategies were proposed in the literature to evaluate the load stress experiment. According to  [22] , we assumed that the approach of using the lattice plane distances from the phase initial state of the tensile samples as a reference for the lattice strain calculation was the most suitable.
Institutional Review Board Statement: Not applicable. Informed Consent Statement: Not applicable. Crystals 2022, 12, 1378 19 of 20 This research was funded by the  German Research Foundation (DFG)  under grant number  GI 376/11-2  (No. 282874578 ). Furthermore, we would like to thank the  Institut Laue-Langevin-GRENOBLE (France) ) for granting beamtime  1-02-226 [36 ] on the SALSA instrument. In addition, we acknowledge support by the  KIT-Publication Fund of the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology. Finally, we would like to thank  Sabine Schlabach  from  KIT (IAM-WK)  for providing the SEM images (KNMF, No. 2019-022-026411 ).
It gives everyone a voice and provides valuable insights not only for the products to be developed but also into the community itself. In LocalRes a two-step approach was used to understand the local energy communities in the project pilot sites. A first series of workshops was held with representatives together with the community leaders to identify specific goals and scenarios that are considered to be relevant for the different communities. Based on this initial understanding a second phase of workshops was developed, which ran with the citizens of the communities to collect their feedback on these goals and scenarios, but also on their needs and concerns around their own energy community. Both qualitative and quantitative data were collected. The LocalRes pilot sites are all small towns in different regions across Europe (Berchidda, Italy, Ollersdorf, Austria, Ispaster, Spain, Kökar, Finland).
This research was financially supported by the  European Union 's  Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme  under grant agreement No  953020  (market uptake of  citizen energy communities enabLing a hIGH peneTratioN of renewable Energy SourceS [LIGHTNESS]) ,  957823  ( Holistic dEmand response Services for European residenTIAl communities [HESTIA] ),  957819  ( Empowering local renewable energy communities for the decarbonisation of the energy systems [LocalRES])  and  957815  ( CREATing cOmmunity eneRgy Systems [CREATORS ]). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
General Assumption The schematic diagram of the research scenario is shown below (Figure  1 ), covering the following three assumptions: 1. The CAV mixed traffic flow refers to different types of connected and automated vehicles, rather than the existence of non-connected and automated vehicles; 2. Only the longitudinal car-following behavior is considered, and the lane-changing behavior and overtaking behavior are not considered; 3. Cyberattacks may appear in every vehicle in the CAV platoon. 4. Each vehicle only has access to its own position and velocity data and has a communication device to receive the information transmitted by the preceding vehicle. No other sensors or information sources are available (no radar, cameras, LiDAR, etc. ). In this case, the communication means is seen as a remote sensor.
| Study setting Ontario Health (Cancer Care Ontario), or CCO, is an agency of the government of Ontario, Canada. CCO has developed population-level clinical pathway maps outlining best practices for the entire cancer care continuum for 11 cancers to date. 6 Ontario's largely single-payer healthcare system yields comprehensive administrative data from multiple institutions, presenting a unique opportunity to measure concordance of actual care with pathway maps throughout the cancer care trajectory at a population level. CCO's pathway map for Stage II and III colon cancer was used for this work because colon cancer incidence is relatively high, the pathway map for these stages has few branch points, and significant numbers of both decedents and survivors were expected at 4 years after diagnosis, allowing comparison of concordance measures' discrimination between groups.
| Data sources Patients were identified across databases using OHIP health card numbers. The Activity Level Reporting database provided radiation and systemic chemotherapy data. 20 The Ontario Drug Benefit claims database contains prescription data for patients aged 65 years or older or otherwise eligible for public coverage, and provided oral chemotherapy data. 21 The OHIP administrative database contains information on reimbursed physician services, and provided data about clinical consultations, diagnostic imaging, diagnostic and therapeutic procedures, and screening with fecal occult blood testing (FOBT). 22 tients were categorized by FOBT activity using a preexisting algorithm looking back 5 years prior to diagnosis date. 23 5] [26]  ED visits were included to provide context about healthcare utilization patterns and potentially about patient health status.
The Canadian Institute of Health Information Discharge Abstract Database contains data on admissions to acute care institutions, and provided data about surgery, inpatient chemotherapy and Charlson Comorbidity Index scores (3 year look-back). 27 The Registered Persons Database 28 provided patients' postal codes of residence and death data. We used Statistics Canada's "Postal Code Conversion File Plus (PCCF+)-August 2015 Update" (version 6C) to augment the standard PCCF data using Canadian Census information on urban-rural status, immigrant population tercile and median income quintile linked to patients' postal codes. 29.
Concordance may be measured across the entire cancer care trajectory, or segments of it, depending on the requirements of the end user. Unlike measures which quantify adherence to a single pathway map element, the summary measure facilitates detection of variation in integration or coordination of care between one or more elements. Identification of the pathway elements contributing most to discordance can highlight potential opportunities for quality improvement. Concordance measures that rely on administrative data may be applied to the population of an entire health region, as in our study, or a single institution or catchment area. In this way, a unified approach to pathway concordance measurement may be leveraged for multiple measurement applications throughout the health care system.
Control Samples We use two types of comparison samples. First, the extended Galaxy Evolution Explorer (GALEX) Arecibo SDSS Survey (xGASS;  Catinella et al. 2018 ) and the extended CO Legacy Database for GALEX Arecibo SDSS Survey (xCOLD GASS;  Saintonge et al. 2017 ) are used to compare global H I and H 2 masses in VERTICO to those of the general population of galaxies at fixed stellar mass, and estimate H I and H 2 deficiencies. After applying a small number of selection criteria (described below), these samples comprise several hundreds of galaxies, thus providing a good representation of the galaxy population throughout the relevant stellar mass range. Second, for a comparison of resolved properties of VERTICO galaxies with control galaxies, we use the HEterodyne Receiver Array CO-Line Extragalactic Survey (HERACLES,  Leroy et al.
HERACLES: A Resolved Control Sample We compare the resolved properties of VERTICO galaxies to those from HERACLES. We first remove galaxies that are also in VERTICO from the HERACLES sample (NGC4254, NGC4321, NGC4536, NGC4569, and NGC4579), as well as interacting galaxies (NGC2146, NGC2798, NGC3034, NGC3077, and NGC5713), except for those with a significantly less massive or gas-poor companion, such as NGC5194 (M51). The remaining sample consists of 21 galaxies detected in CO. Resolved quantities are calculated from the HERACLES moment 0 maps at native resolution (the typical beam size is b maj ∼ 13″), in the same way as those of VERTICO. These maps are calculated from the 10 km s -1 cubes, using the VERTICO data products pipeline (B21, Section 4. 1). NGC4214, NGC2841, and NGC4725 are omitted from the H 2 surface-density analysis due to their high inclination (see Section 3.
1-0. 5 dex below the xCOLD GASS rolling median. VERTICO galaxies with stellar masses log M å /M e  9. 75 have H 2 fractions similar to, or marginally higher than, those of xCOLD GASS galaxies at fixed stellar mass. HERACLES galaxies are H 2 -rich compared to xCOLD GASS at fixed stellar mass (see also Section 2. 1. 2). There is a subsample of VERTICO galaxies that overlaps with a subsample of the Herschel Reference Survey (HRS,  Boselli et al. 2010)  for which high-quality CO data are available  (Kuno et al. 2007 ). H 2 deficiencies for these galaxies were estimated by  Boselli et al. (2014a)  similarly to this work, but where M H ,exp 2 in Equation (3) is defined as follows: = ´+ M c d log H log Variable , 6 2 ( ) ( ) ( ) where the coefficients c and d are derived from linear fits to the relationship between M log H 2 ( ) and Variable, where the latter is chosen to be M å.
Single cell gel electrophoresis (Comet assay) Comet assay was carried out at neutral pH to analyze DSB using the CometAssay kit (Trevigen), according to the manufacturer's instructions and as described in  Suberbielle et al. (2013). Briefly, nuclei were extracted from 14 DIV neuronal cultures in 12-well dishes, using ice-cold PBS 1X. 10 5 nuclei/ml were combined with low melting point agarose at a 1:10 ratio. Comet assays were performed at neutral pH (pH 8. 3), because this condition makes the assay more specific for the detection of DSB  (Olive and Banath, 2006). Single-cell gel electrophoresis was performed in TAE buffer at 1 V/cm for 40 min. SYBR-green was used to stain the comet-like smears of DNA fragments that emerged from cells containing DSB. Digitized images were obtained with a Zeiss Wide field Apotome 2 microscope using the tile tool of the Zen blue software at the 5x Objective.
Tiles were stitched with the software and resulting bitmap-formatted images of the entire Cometslideä well were analyzed with the free CometScore software (Tritek). For each sample, the number of cells with comets was counted automatically by the software and normalized to the total number of cells. The total number of cells was manually counted using the cell counter plugins from FIJI. For each well, at least 250 cells were inspected. For each comet shape detected, the comet was automatically framed and a cursor adjusted on the head of the comet. All comet event were double-checked manually. The software automatically determined the tail length and Tail moment using a built-in algorithm for comet scoring. For each well, the experimenter calculated the average values of the tail length and the tail moment.
X monoclonal, dilution 1/1,000 (ThermoFisher, MA1-2022), mouse anti-b-Actin monoclonal, dilution 1/50,000 (Sigma, A5441), mouse anti-a-Tubulin monoclonal, dilution 1/10,000 (Sigma, T6199), rabbit anti-GFP polyclonal, dilution 1/2,000 (ThermoFisher, A-11122), rabbit anti-N polyclonal antibody, dilution 1/50,000 (homemade), rabbit anti-P polyclonal antibody, dilution 1/50,000 (homemade), rabbit anti-X polyclonal antibody, dilution 1/10,000 (gift by K. Tomonaga and M. Schwemmle) in Odyssey blocking buffer or TBS containing 0. 1% (vol/vol) Tween-20 (TBS-T) and 5% non-fat milk. Membranes were incubated with corresponding secondary antibodies coupled with infrared fluorescent dye (CF680 and CF770, Biotium) 1/10,000 diluted in Odyssey blocking buffer or in TBS-T with 5% non-fat milk TBS. Western blot signals were analyzed using an Odyssey Li-COR infrared imaging system coupled with Image studio software  (Li-COR).
Neurons with 53BP1-positive foci were counted using the 40X objective of an Olympus BX41 fluorescence microscope equipped with an X-Cite UV light source, as follows: 2 to 4 fields were counted per coverslip ; 2 to 3 coverslips were considered per condition and per experiment. Between 500 to 1,000 neurons were analyzed per condition and per experiment. For each field, the total number of neurons and the number of neurons presenting at least one focus were counted. For the experiments after Etoposide treatment, neurons presenting at least one focus of 53BP1 and at least one vSPOT were randomly counted, analyzing z-stacks acquisitions taken by confocal microscopy on Leica SP8 confocal microscope (Leica Microsystems, Germany) processed on FIJI software. In total, around 200 neurons were counted per condition.
The z-stacks of 25 neuronal nuclei presenting DSB were randomly acquired per experiment and 3 independent experiments were run (z-step: 40nm). The z-stacks were screened with the merged z-stack display on the Leica SP8 LSM software to count the number of DSB per nucleus, vSPOT per nucleus and the number of colocalization events. STED images were subsequently deconvolved with Huygens Professional (SVI, USA) using the CMLE algorithm, with a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of 7. Three-dimensional visualization and reconstruction using Imaris software (Bitplane AG, Switzerland) were used to measure the distance between 53BP1 positive foci of DSB and vSPOT in the nuclei of neurons. Imaris software was used to automatically identify vSPOT and 53BP1 foci and calculate the shorter distances between them, after thresholding and 3D reconstruction.
Images represents the maximal projection of 4 confocal planes (step: 0. 169 mm). Quantification of GluN2A expression was performed from z-stacks acquisitions, at the 633 objective with a zoom factor of 3, taken by confocal microscopy on Leica SP8 confocal microscope. Identical settings for laser power, photomultiplier gain and offset were used for all experiments. Neurons were randomly selected, but those grouped in clusters and without detectable distinct neurites were excluded, to avoid bias in measurements of potential overlapping neurites. On the GluN2A channel, images were analyzed on FIJI software: after stack summation, the background was subtracted using the rolling ball and sliding paraboloid tools of the software. Regions Of Interest (ROI) were manually drawn on the projection of MAP2 staining to define neurites regions and measure their area.
, 2018). Briefly, the device is composed of a cultured chamber (well) containing 60 nano-electrodes composed by 3D nanowires coated with a platinum silicide (PtSi) biocompatible surface. Each electrode is electrically isolated thanks to an oxide layer. The recording setup was also mainly developed at the LAAS. It is composed of an MEA holder (MEA1060-Inv-BC from Multichannel System), a homemade electronic card where the integrated electronics allows to control the system and an acquisition card (USB 6353 from National Instruments). The recording setup is controlled by a homemade software developed on LabVIEW that allows live recordings on multiple channels, saving the data and performing online data treatment such as filtering and averaging. The cell recordings were performed with neurons maintained inside an incubator at 37 C with controlled humidity and 5% CO 2.
Each electrode was recorded 5 to 6 times during 3 minutes in groups of 15 electrodes, one group after the other in 3 independent experiments (1 well of 60 electrodes per condition). Once the data were acquired, a MATLAB script was used for the offline treatment. A peak detection algorithm was used to evaluate the frequency of activation of each electrode. The threshold for the peak detection was calculated using the standard deviation of the background noise. Electrodes presenting aberrant recordings were excluded. Active electrodes were considered as electrodes where at least one peak was recorded.
Owing to low viral titers that are obtained with BoDV-1, experiments cannot be performed by infecting 100% of cells at once. Therefore, each neuron has likely been infected at a different stage during viral spread, which may explain in part the low DSB levels observed in this study, even when the culture is 100% infected. by grants from Marie Curie RI Europe H2020 to E. S. ; by institutional grants from Inserm, CNRS, University Paul Sabatier, LAAS-CNRS micro, and nanotechnologies platform as a member of the Renatech French national network; and a Boehringer Ingelheim Fonds fellowship to F. H. M. This work is part of F. H. M. 's Ph. D. thesis projects. shocked by a hypertonic solution containing 20 mM Hepes buffer, 250 mM MgCl 2 and 1% fetal bovine serum (FBS, Sigma). Culture supernatants were then clarified with two centrifugations at 2000 g and finally filtered at 0.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We thank first response health care workers against COVID-19;  Christiane Herden ,  Keizo Tomonaga  and  Martin Schwemmle  for their generous gifts of mouse anti-BoDV-1 N and anti-X antibodies, respectively;  Zeiss France  for his assistance in using the Zeiss LSM 980 with Airyscan 2; the  US006 CREFRE/ANEXPLO  for their assistance in rodent husbandry; members of  Team ViNeDys at Infinity  for helpful discussions; and  R. Liblau  for his critical reading and insightful comments on our manuscript. This work was supported.