dataesr/scientific-paragraphs-categorization huggingface dataset:
This research has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme under grant agreement No 688539 (http://mosquito. eu). T. L. acknowledges support from the EPSRC Cambridge NanoDTC, EP/L015978/1. M. F. G. Z. acknowledges support from the Royal Society and the Winton Programme for the Physics of Sustainability. Y. M. N. and J. L. acknowledge support from the French National Research Agency (ANR project MAQSi).
For each of these closed figures, it is necessary to designate the material of which the corresponding part of the electromagnet is made, and in the material library of the corresponding computer code to prescribe the physical properties of this material to be used in the calculations. The process of preparing a geometric model of an electromagnet described above is quite labor-intensive, however, it can be significantly accelerated if using one CAD software (AutoCAD, SolidWorks, etc. ) to draw the mentioned «imprint» without dimensioning, shading, pouring, etc. In this case, this drawing must be placed on a computer «board» so that the origin of coordinates on the drawing and on the computer «board» coincide. If such a fragment of the drawing is saved in the. dxf format, then the resulting file can be imported into the appropriate mathematical computer code, which uses the Finite Element Method.
Researchers are now moving beyond methodological approaches averaging entire datasets usually spanning from 5 to 30 min  (Calhoun et al. , 2014) , and are thus focusing on much shorter or longer time frames. This perspective (referred to as "Chronnectome, "  Calhoun et al. , 2014; or "Dynome, " Kopell et al. , 2014) , which takes into account dynamic changes in coupling within the connectome, will be especially relevant to study some phylogenetically recent, general-purpose cognitive abilities such as executive functions or creativity. For instance, cognitive flexibility, defined as the readiness to switch between distinct cognitive processes to adjust appropriately to environmental changes, can hardly be regarded as a well-defined specialized function that would be carried out by a specific neural network.
A bone marrow biopsy was not performed. In order to quantify RUNX1 mutation over time and screen for acquired somatic variants, a 77-gene myeloid NGS panel was applied in DNA from sequential whole blood samples obtained at the age of 2, 6, 7, 10 and 12 years, revealing a progressive decline in the RUNX1 VAF (20%-5%) (Table  1  and Figure  1E ). In addition, the c. 8560C>T (p. Arg2854Cys) single nucleotide variation in the ATM gene was found in blood, T cells and mucosal tissue, indicating its germline origin. This variant is classified as of uncertain significance under ClinVar. It is reported in population databases at an allele frequency of 0. 00018(ExAC)/0. 00019 (GnomAD) and at increased frequency in patients with breast cancer. 12 olyPhen, SIFT and Mutation Tester in silico tools predict a deleterious effect.
Acknowledgement Authors thank the steering committee (MDT meeting of  Bordeaux, Limoges and Poitiers University Hospital and Bergonié institution ) and all participants in the Delphi consensus: Aleba A; Barthes T; Barussaud ML; Bazin T; Becouarn Y; Benhami A; Bernard A; Blanc B; Blondeau V; Bouet C; Boutillier P; Burgevin-Tropet AL; Cany L; Clavere P; De Lustrac M; Desolneux G; Durand-Fontanier S; El Khourge G; Etchechoury L; Forestier D; Fredon F; Gainant A; Garcia-Ramirez M; Gontier R; Guarnieri S; Guichard F; Henriques B; Kikolski F; Laharie Mineur H; Langlois D; Loury Larivière I; Manouvrier JL; Martenot M; Mathe N; Mathe Bessalem V; Mathieu A; Mathonnet M; Mauriac E; Moulin V; Ofrim O; Opsahl S; Palumbo B; Parent S; Pigot F; Pinel B; Richer JP; Seillan S; Smith D; Szerzyna N; Tardat E; Teboul F; Thaury J; Tougeron D; Vayre L; Vignal JC; Villar F; Zaranis C; Zasadny X.
Results A total of 27 control participants and 68 patients with TBI were recruited; imaging studies from 7 control participants and 1 study from 1 patient with TBI were excluded because of poor quality. We analyzed data from 20 control participants with no clinically significant neurological or psychiatric illness and 90 PET sessions in 68 patients with TBI with stable physiology during imaging (eFigure 1 in the Supplement). Included patients had severe TBI (Glasgow Coma Scale score ≤8 on admission) or presented with moderate TBI (Glasgow Coma Scale score, 9-12) and subsequently deteriorated. Of the 90 PET studies, 17 were within 24 hours of the TBI (early), 54 between 2 and 5 days after the TBI (intermediate), and 19 after 6 or more days after the TBI (late). Seventeen patients had PET studies on more than 1 occasion, but only 3 had studies at all 3 times.
Limitations Although our data were collected prospectively in accordance with a common protocol, this was a retrospective collation with nonconsecutive recruitment driven by convenience and logistics, which makes generalizability difficult to assess. Imaging was not possible on days on which patients were too unstable or scanners were unavailable. Although data were acquired over 16 years, all patients were recruited after the introduction of the Cambridge ICP/CPP protocol, and any changes in physiological targets over the recruitment period were relatively small and have been detailed in a recent publication. 44 Systemic physiology during each scan is available and explicitly summarized in Table  1. We used global, regional, and voxel-based analyses, but each has potential pitfalls; global and region-based measures may miss voxel-level pathophysiological heterogeneity, whereas voxel-based approaches are more susceptible to noise.
grants from the  UK Medical Research Council. Dr Pickard  reports a  Technology Foresight Award  from the  UK government. Dr Coles  reports grants from the  Royal College of Anaesthetists/ British Journal of Anaesthesia, National Institute of Academic Anaesthesia, Addenbrooke's Charities , the  Wellcome Trust ,  Beverley  and  Raymond Sackler , the  Academy of Medical Sciences/Health Foundation , and  National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre  during the conduct of the study. Dr Menon  reports paid consultancy, research grants, or membership of  Data Monitoring Committee  for  GlaxoSmithKline Ltd, Ornim Medical, Neurovive Ltd, Calico Ltd, NeuroTrauma Sciences LLC , and  Pfizer  Ltd. No other disclosures were reported. Funding/Support: This work was supported by grants from the  Royal College of Anaesthetists/ British Journal of Anaesthesia, National Institute of Academic Anaesthesia, Royal College of Surgeons of England, British Brain  and  Spine Foundation ,  Academy of Medical Sciences/Health Foundation, Medical Research Council  (grants  G9439390 ,  G0600986 , and  G0001237 ),  Wellcome Trust  (grant  093267 ), a  Technology Foresight Award  from the  UK government , and researchers at the  National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre.
Measurements at Ground Figure  4  presents the 2013-2019 evolution of the particle number concentrations with time for the 19 size classes of LOAC when the balloon is at ground and outside major LOAC and/or balloon maintenance period. Data during fog and heavy rain events have been removed because of the presence of droplets that can skew the retrieval of the solid particles. For clarity reason, the data have been smoothed by a sliding smoothing procedure with a width of 2 days. The highest concentrations corresponding to strong pollutions events were recorded at the beginning of winter 2013, and at the beginning of 2014 and 2015. It can be noticed that the mean level of concentrations for particles smaller than 10 µm measured by LOAC is higher in the 2013 period than after (Figure  4 ), due to strong building activities close to the Parc André Citroën (unfortunately no Airparif station is close to this location to validate these observations).
Measurements at Ground Figure  4  presents the 2013-2019 evolution of the particle number concentrations with time for the 19 size classes of LOAC when the balloon is at ground and outside major LOAC and/or balloon maintenance period. Data during fog and heavy rain events have been removed because of the presence of droplets that can skew the retrieval of the solid particles. For clarity reason, the data have been smoothed by a sliding smoothing procedure with a width of 2 days. The highest concentrations corresponding to strong pollutions events were recorded at the beginning of winter 2013, and at the beginning of 2014 and 2015. It can be noticed that the mean level of concentrations for particles smaller than 10μm measured by LOAC is higher in the 2013 period than after (Figure  4 ), due to strong building activities close to the Parc André Citroën (unfortunately no Airparif station is close to this location to validate these observations).
The vertical evolution of concentrations varies from one event to another one, depending on the origin of the pollution and on the meteorological conditions. In particular, an accumulation layer was sometimes detected at a height of about 200 m in winter due to temperature inversion layer. These measurements have shown the interest of performing particle number concentrations measurements for the air pollution monitoring in complement with regulatory mass concentrations measurements, to better evaluate the intensity of the pollution event and to better consider the effect of smallest particles. We have presented here the first results obtained with LOAC at the Paris touristic balloon. Future studies could be conducted using this LOAC database, as modeling works on the vertical transport of particles, studies on the correlation of the variability of the particle's concentrations and their size distribution with the meteorological conditions, and studies on the evolution of the particle concentrations after rain.
Funding: This project was partly funded by  ADEME  (project  MESUrPOP ) CORTEA / contract number  1762C0004  and by the  Labex "Étude des géofluides et des VOLatils-Terre ,  Atmosphère et Interfaces -Ressources et Environnement" (VOLTAIRE)  ( ANR-10-LABX-100-01 ) managed by the  University of Orleans.
Acknowledgments This research used resources of the  National Energy Research ScientificComputing Center (NERSC). We acknowledge financial support from  Agence Nationale pour la Recherche  ( ANR-11-EQPX-005-ATTOLAB ,  ANR-14-CE32-0011-03 APERO );  Laboratoire d'Excellence Physique: Atomes Lumière Matière (LabEx PALM ) overseen by the  Agence Nationale pour la Recherche  as part of the  Investissements d'Avenir program  ( ANR-10-LABX-0039 );  European Research Council  ( ERC Starting Grant   FEMTOELEC 306708 ); LASERLAB-EUROPE ( H2020-EU. 1. 4. 1. 2. grant agreement ID  654148 ), and the  Région Ile-de-France  ( SESAME 2012-ATTOLITE ).
After 12-h of integration, the maximum of the accumulated rain amount for the main cell is largely overestimated in WRF-THOM and in WRF-MORR (Figure  3c, d ). Table  3. Cumulative rain properties observed at 12:00 UTC for the ARAMIS radar network and obtained after 12 h of simulation using either the DESCAM or the WRF model. The WRF results are given for the different microphysics schemes  (Thompson and Morrison)  and initial data (IFS and ERA-Interim) used in this study. The maximum (in mm/12 h) and the total amount (in Megatons) of rain are obtained considering all the grid points of the innermost domain whereas the mean (in mm/12 h) and the area (in km 2 ) of rain are obtained considering only the grid points where the cumulative rain is ≥0. 25 mm.
Impact of the Initial Thermodynamics Fields In order to know whether different initial forcing data could provide a cumulative rain field with WRF more comparable to the observations, a test was performed initiating the model with the Era-Interim operational reanalyses (see details in Section 2) instead of the IFS data. This numerical configuration does not improve the results previously obtained for the precipitation production with IFS. The band of precipitation is again shifted 20 km to the East compared to the observations (not shown) and the overestimation of the rain amount is even amplified. Indeed, Table  3  shows that the mean rain amount is modified by +5% (or +14. 7%) using the ERA-Interim forcing data in WRF-THOM (or in WRF-MORR) whereas the maximum of the accumulated rain is, respectively, decreased by -23.
5% and -7%. Moreover, the total rain mass accumulated at the surface during the 12 h of integration is 242. 1 Megatons (Mt) in WRF-THOM and 263. 0 Mt in WRF-MORR, that is, an increase of +9. 5% in WRF-THOM and +14. 7% in WRF-MORR. The increase of the rain production in both WRF simulations forced with the ERA-Interim data is probably due to the fact that the humidity is higher in ERA-Interim, especially at lower levels of the atmosphere.
Acknowledgments: The authors acknowledge  Meteo-France  for supplying the data and the HyMeX database teams (ESPRI/IPSL and SEDOO/OMP). The authors especially acknowledge  Doerenbecher Alexis  for the High-resolution operational radiosoundings, Nimes product and  Labatut Laurent  for the French Radar composite 5 mm cumulative rainfall in mm product. For the X-band radar data, the authors thank  Joel Van Baelen ,  Sandra Banson  and  Yves Pointin  for their help in assessing the data. X-band data were obtained from the  HyMeX program , sponsored by Grants  MISTRALS/HyMeX  and  ANR-2011-BS56-027   FLOODSCALE  project. Data of the UHF radar situated at Candillargues are available via the database. We acknowledge the  CNRM/GAME ,  UMR3589 ,  CNRS/Meteo-France  for measurements providing and the  Laboratoire d'Aérologie, Université de Toulouse ,  UMR CNRS 5560  for data processing.
Funding: This work is a contribution to the  HyMeX program  and  MUSIC  project, supported by Grants  ANR-14CE1-0014  and  MISTRALS/Hymex. C. K is funded by the  MUSIC  project. D. A. is funded by the  Challenge 4 of the Clermont I-Site   CAP20-25  project. The model calculations have been done on French computer facilities of the  Institut du Développement des ressources en Informatique Scientifique (IDRIS) CNRS at Orsay , the  Centre Informatique National de l'Enseignement Supérieur (CINES) at Montpellier  under the project  940180  and the  Centre Régional de Ressources Informatiques (CRRI) at Clermont-Ferrand.
The first manifestation of the internet 'provided a gateway into an essentially static World Wide Web' in which users could read pages but could not alter them. 38 This came to be known as 'Web 1. 0'. By 2000, Web 2. 0 had emerged as coding and processing developments allowed websites to process user commands, and access and update larger databases much more rapidly. At the same time, content was becoming more visual, userfriendly and user-controlled. This new generation of the internet, dubbed 'Web 2. 0', unleashed the exponential growth and ultimately power of social media 31 Richard Aldrich, 'Globalisation and hesitation: international intelligence co-operation in practice International Affairs 00: 0, 2020 platforms. This was combined with the release in 2007 of Apple's iPhone, another leap in mobile telecoms that combined small size with tailored apps.
Second, global information-sharing must increase. The Paris and Brussels attacks showed how jihadists exploited significant seams in European information exchange at both national and international levels. 89 hile respect for different national privacy laws, and the protection of intelligence sources and methods, are of crucial importance, there are proven platforms available for increasing multilateral information exchange and trust, including an international counterterrorism hub, case-based task forces, hit-no-hit database search technologies (which allow users to see that data exist but not their nature in order to facilitate follow-up coordination) and centres of excellence. Third, measures and architectures that successfully disrupted Jihadism 1. 0 attacks need to be enhanced to disrupt attacks of the latest kind.
have psychological bombs; some attacks issues suicidal, some not Hacking Web 2. 0 and Full spectrum, Online Crowdsourced; Trained groups and Critical National Infra-Increased protection of CNI cloud computing, from lone actors to state-sponsored; individuals: cyber at-structure (CNI); media cyberspace; raising public aware- including semi-secure highly organized individual tacks to cause physical outlets; public servants ness of cyberterror evolution; and secure ICT systems; groups damage and casualties; and figures; government less personal data on social media artificial intelligence, reputational damage; websites and databases profiles deepfakes; quantum intimidation computing Downloaded from https://academic. oup. com/ia/article-abstract/doi/10. 1093/ia/iiaa048/5841123 by guest on 07 July 2020 Jihadism 1.
The signal from the sky is characterized by the three Stokes parameters: the intensity I and linear polarizations Q and U. This fact implies that QUBIC data can be analyzed similarly to data taken from a traditional imager, provided that we know the shape of the synthesized beam for each detector. The pattern of the synthesized beam of the central detector at 150 GHz is composed of a central primary peak, with 0. 54 o full width at half maximum (FWHM), and secondary peaks spaced by 8. 5 o from the main peak. The relative separation between the primary and the secondary peaks of the beam of a specific detector grows linearly with the frequency  [8]. At the same time, the relative separation at a given frequency remains unchanged for different detectors on the focal plane. We show in the left panel of Fig.
300 K Test: The HWP rotator has been successfully tested at room temperature on an optical bench, with 75 scans performed for each direction of rotation. Data are in the form of number of motor steps with respect to the rotator position and they are acquired by the RbPi when the position is actually reached. In the left panel of Fig. 3  we show all the scans for the clockwise rotation together with the corresponding linear fit. In the same figure a zoom around the 3rd position is reported. Keeping in mind that a single motor step corresponds to a rotation of 0. 003 o , this figure highlights great reproducibility, since the curves overlap within a few motor steps. The same result is better shown in the right panel of Fig. 3 , which shows that the residuals of the motor steps needed to reach the positions 2, 3 and 4 in 75 scans are within ∼ 10 motor steps.
In the absence of a vaccine the medical and scientific community is looking intensely at utilizing a pre or post exposure drug that could decrease viremia. The search for a medication that could reduce risk of serious disease, and ideally of any manifestation of disease from SARS-CoV2, and of asymptomatic shedding of SARS-CoV2 is of urgent interest. Repurposing existing pharmaceuticals is among the approaches to achieve these ends. We performed a systematic review of all interventional studies registered in ClinicalTrials. gov with a focus on one repurposed drug, Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ). The detailed analysis of these studies, some of them already recruiting, provide an overall picture of HCQ use as a COVID-19 prophylaxis around the world. Among the included studies, all but three were randomized and parallel and most of them (74%, 23/31) were double-blinded to quadruple-blinded studies.
Introduction In the absence of a vaccine the medical and scientific community is looking intensely at utilizing a pre or post exposure drug that could decrease viremia. The search for a medication that could reduce risk of serious disease, and ideally of any disease and of asymptomatic shedding of SARS-CoV2 is of urgent interest, particularly to decrease the risk to health care workers, first responders, and others with high risk of exposure to patients with COVID19. The prospect of protecting healthcare workers against COVID-19 based on repurposing of existing pharmaceuticals is among one of the recent scientific debates  [1, 2]. The value of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) as a prophylactic needs careful documented, empirical research in this context  [3]. In order to obtain strong clinical evidence, a large number of scientists and teams have launched prospective studies that were registered on ClinicalTrials.
Material and methods We performed a systematic review of all interventional studies registered in ClinicalTrials. gov on the 27th of April under the disease "COVID" and "hydroxychloroquine prophylaxis" as other terms  [4]. No other filter was used. Studies using hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) as treatment, studies that did not record details about HCQ regimen, as well as those using HCQ in combination with other drugs, were not included. ClinicalTrials. gov is a Web-based resource maintained by the National Library of Medicine that provides patients, their family members, health care professionals, researchers, and the public with access to information on clinical studies. Information on ClinicalTrials. gov is provided and updated by the sponsor or principal investigator of the clinical study. Two independent authors (ALB, SP) performed the screening of the study record detail to assess eligibility.
Data were extracted by Information collected included ClinicalTrials. gov identifier, official title, recruitment status, starting and completion dates, estimated enrolment, allocation, location, intervention model, masking, and HCQ regimen. To ensure reproducibility and completeness of data extraction, an Excel spreadsheet (Microsoft Corp. , Redmond, WA, USA) compiling all variables to be extracted was used. Disagreements over eligibility or data extraction were resolved by discussion. Data were centrally checked by an independent operator for completeness, plausibility, and integrity before synthesis.
Results All interventional clinical trials that studied the use of HCQ for COVID-19 prophylaxis were included in the qualitative analysis. Fortyone (n = 41) studies were identified through ClinicalTrials. gov on the 27th of April (Fig. 1 ). After screening for eligibility record details of the selected studies, 31 studies were included in the qualitative analysis. Ten studies were not included: reasons for exclusion included the https://doi. org/10. 1016/j. onehlt. 2020. 100141 absence of details about HCQ regimen (n = 1), the use of HCQ as indication other than prophylaxis (n = 3), and the combination of HCQ to other drugs or vitamins (n = 6). The qualitative analysis focussed on HCQ drug regimens of the 31 included studies as recorded in ClinicalTrials. gov from the 17th of March to the 24th of April.
Discussion More than 40 randomized clinical trials have been registered in less than 2 months from 13 different countries to answer the same question: should we used HCQ to protect health-care workers from the COVID-19 consequences? This very active recording in ClinicalTrials. gov demonstrates the huge interest of the scientific community regarding this question. Indeed, the debate continues to rage regarding the use of HCQ for COVID-19 and we need to shed more light based on clinical evidence. At the present time, the debate is still a non-documented speculation that will be ended in the next few months.
Patients and methods We performed a retrospective analysis of all patients followed in two tertiary centres (Lyon and Besancon) who began chronic PD below 6 months of age between January 2007 and January 2017. The following clinical data were recorded: term of the pregnancy, biometric data (height, body weight, head circumference) at birth, PD initiation, 15 days after PD initiation, every 3 months during the first year of PD, and every 6 months until 3 years or until the last follow-up on PD. Biometrical parameters were normalised as SDS according to chronological age and gender according to French growth reference charts  [13]. The surgical procedure for PD catheter insertion was described: catheter placement, associated omentectomy. The primary diagnosis and the presence of a prenatal diagnosis were also recorded.