dataesr/scientific-paragraphs-categorization huggingface dataset:
This detailed information was reported by each INTEROCC participant and depends on the type of RF or IF source reported. For example, frequency of exposure to walkie-talkies refers to the number of hours per day/ week that the subject used this source to talk with other co-workers. See Appendix 2 for further details of the methods used to assess cumulative exposure of study participants to RF or IF-EMF. The quality of the data collected on EMF sources and ancillary information was assessed through comparisons with the data in the full occupational histories. Errors identified, such as incongruent dates or responses not obeying the questionnaire logic, were corrected. Imputation of missing data on exposure rate was performed using median values from control participants. Subjects for which imputation or correction of unreliable data was not possible, and participants with insufficient information to assign an exposure estimate (i.
Results In total, 1943 glioma cases, 1862 meningioma cases, and 5387 controls were included in the analysis. A small number of participants were excluded due to insufficient information on exposure intensity (i. e. EMF source(s) not clearly identified) and/or exposure duration (n = 355), or missing data on education (n = 32). Table  1  describes cases and controls included in the analysis. Meningioma cases tended to be slightly older on average than glioma cases, and were mainly (74%) female, compared with only 40% for glioma. The reported sources with the highest exposure levels were "RF sealers/welders for plastic & rubber", for RF, and "Electronic Article Surveillance (EAS) system", for IF (Table  2 ). The RF and IF sources most frequently reported were "walkie-talkie" and "induction heater", respectively.
Financial support This work was funded by the  European Commission  grant  603794  ( GERoNiMO  project). The conduct of the INTEROCC study was funded by the  National Institutes for Health (NIH)  Grant No. 1R01CA124759-01. The work on the French occupational data was in part funded by  AFSSET  (Convention  N°ST-2005-004 ). The INTERPHONE study was supported by funding from the  European Fifth Framework Program, 'Quality of Life and Management of Living Resources'  (contract  100 QLK4-CT-1999901563 ) and the  International Union against Cancer (UICC). The UICC received funds for this purpose from the  Mobile Manufacturers' Forum (MMF), now Mobile & Wireless Forum (MWF) , and the  GSM Association. Provision of funds  to the INTERPHONE study investigators via the UICC was governed by agreements that guaranteed INTERPHONE's complete scientific independence (http://interphone.
In France , funding was received by l' Association pour la Recherche sur le Cancer (ARC)  (Contrat  N85142 ) and three network operators (Orange,  SFR ,  Bouygues Telecom). In Germany , funding was received from the  German Mobile Phone Research Program (Deutsches Mobilfunkforschungsprogramm ) of the  German Federal Ministry  for the Environment,  Nuclear Safety , and  Nature Protection ; the  Ministry for the Environment and Traffic of the state of Baden-Wurttemberg ; the Ministry for the Environment of the state of North Rhine-Westphalia; the  MAIFOR Program (Mainzer Forschungsforderungsprogramm) of the University of Mainz. In New Zealand , funding was provided by the  Health Research Council, Hawkes Bay Medical Research Foundation , the  Wellington Medical Research Foundation , the  Waikato Medical Research Foundation  and the  Cancer Society of New Zealand.
Acknowledgements The authors would like to give special thanks to  Dr. Dave Conover  (deceased),  USA , for his contribution in the assignment of RF and IF-EMF sources to study subjects, as well as to  Taichi Murata, Japan , and  Martin Doczkat ,  USA , for their work on exposure models for military radars and antennas. We also would like to thank  Myles Capstick ,  UK , and  Wout Joseph ,  Belgium , for their input on the calculation of cumulative exposure to electromagnetic fields. We are also grateful to  Patricia McKinney  and  Sarah Fleming , UK, for supervising data collection and management in the UK.
Quantitative Data The main data are shown in Figure  1. A total of 3798 patients who underwent surgery in the department of thoracic surgery of the Nice University Hospital between October 2006 and December 2017 signed informed consent for sampling of biological specimens for research and at least one tissue fragment was obtained from each patient. The latter was essential for a patient to be registered in the biobank database. For the different procedures concerning the collection of the tissue samples, the diagnosis and the selection of these specimens are made by one senior thoracic pathologist (MI, SL, CB, EL, VH, PH) of the Clinical and Experimental Pathology Laboratory (Nice Hospital) during the frozen section activity. The pathology laboratory and the biobank are located in the same laboratory.
Qualitative Data The data are shown in Figure  2. The duration of warm ischemia (from clamping the arteries during surgery to resection of the tumor specimen) depended largely on the complexity of the surgical procedures and was consequently very variable (Figure  2a ). The surgical specimens were sent from the operating theater to the pathology laboratory via pneumatic tube transport. The cold ischemia time was generally constant (on average 32 min). The percentage of tumor cells was variable (from 5 to 95%). The average RNA integrity number for each selected frozen sample was 6. 7 (between 2. 1 and 8. 4) (Figure  2b ). Blood samples were also sent via pneumatic transport to the laboratory. Blood was sampled before starting surgery and the time for transfer tubes from the operating room to the laboratory was no more than 10 min following venipuncture.
After performing the SWOT analysis, a number of measures were adopted by the biobank to strengthen the work and activities (Table  1 ). Future perspectives on the biobank BB-003-00025 are to integrate many information and complex data associated with the collected biological samples. In this context, the biobank database should be able to record different data obtained from research projects made with these biological samples in the future (such as whole genome sequencing and information from multiplex immunohistochemistry). One perspective would be to collect not only tissues from surgically resected specimen, but also biopsies obtained during endoscopy and transthoracic biopsies as well as specimen collected during fine needle aspiration of thoracic tumors. Finally, the collection of sequential biopsies obtained during treatment monitoring (at baseline, after surgery or after the first line of treatment, before and during the lung cancer relapse) will improve the development of projects aiming to look for new prognosis and predictive biomarkers.
Global Strategy of the Nice Hospital-Integrated Lung Tumor Biobank/BB-0033-00025 The biobank dedicated to biological samples collected from patients with lung cancer who were hospitalized at the Nice University Hospital (Pasteur Hospital, Nice, France) was set up and started to operate in October 2006. Keeping in mind that this domain is highly competitive, we adopted a strategy according to the different points cited below. The reasons for choosing to establish a biobank dedicated to thoracic oncology at the Nice University Hospital included: (i) the motivation of a multidisciplinary team composed of thoracic surgeons, lung oncologists, thoracic pathologists, biologists, statisticians, scientists working in lung cancer field and biobankers, (ii) the opportunity to rapidly integrate academic and industrial; local, national and international, research programs concerning lung cancer, (iii) the capacity to prospectively collect clinical data associated to biological information in a database, including the follow up and the clinical outcome of patients.
Surrogate Indicators The indicators we used for monitoring were defined by expert working groups  [69, 70] , however they have been simplified in this article. Here, we give the main criteria followed since the creation of the biobank. Over a period of 11 years, we collected information based on the following elements: (i) Quantitative data. The number of patients who gave signed informed consent for the collection of their biological samples was registered each year. Frozen tumor tissue samples were initially registered in the clinical-biological database. Associated clinical data to the biological samples collection included smoking and professional exposure (s) history (obtained by means of a questionnaire), patient and family medical history (including history of cancer), follow up after surgery [tumor recurrence, metastatic site (s), progression free survival, treatment, overall survival].
Quality controls were performed monthly on two randomly selected tissues from cryotubes (one frozen tumor tissue and one frozen non-tumor tissue) by analyzing the RNA integrating number on an Agilent bioanalyzer. A block of fixed tissue (tumor and non-tumor), taken as a mirror sample of the frozen sample, was sectioned and stained with hematoxylin eosin to confirm the tumor and non-tumor character of the corresponding frozen sample and to quantify the percentage of tumor cells and the presence of area of necrosis. These qualitative data reflected the handling of the pre-analytical phase, indicators that are critical to the management of the biobank  [71] [72] [73]. (iii) Data linked to the work. The ratio between the number of samples collected and stored and the number of samples used for research programs (stocking-destocking ratio) was determined annually.
The accumulated impact factor of the publications citing the biobank was also noted annually. The number of contracts and MTAs signed each year was monitored, distinguishing between the contracts signed by the academic and industrial partners, both at the national and international levels. Participation in thematic networks, groups of experts and consortium of excellence and in granted research projects was included in this chapter. (iv) Data associated to the dissemination of the activity of the biobank. This is certainly a challenging criteria to be used for evaluation but several elements were noted: The number of conference presentations, in particular on a topic relative to biobanking, the affiliation of the biobank to international societies of biobanking, training support and teaching related to the activities of biobanks.
Funding:  Cancéropôle PACA, la Ligue Départementale 06 de Lutte contre le Cancer, la Direction Générale de l'Offre des Soins , l' Université Côte d'Azur, et le Conseil Départemental des Alpes Maritimes. The  French Government (National Research Agency, ANR)  through the  "Investments for the Future" LABEX SIGNALIFE: program  reference #  ANR-11-LABX-0028-01.
1. 1 (Table  3 ). Hence, heterogeneous bleaching is considered as the principal extrinsic source of scattering in measured equivalent dose distributions. The archaeological doses were calculated as explained in Section 3. 1. 1. Both statistical models used for the calculation of archaeological dose, MAM-3 and IEU, give coherent results, except for the mortar BDX 16653. Due to poor bleaching of this sample, only a few grains were identified as bleached by MAM-3. In consequence, there is a good deal of uncertainty about dating result. The number of grains taken into account is systematically lower when using MAM-3 than IEU and final dating results from MAM-3 are associated with higher uncertainty. Table  8  sums up all data used for the final age calculation. If we summarize the results of SG-OSL dating, sarcophagi B.
Acknowledgements We are grateful to the following organizations which have supported this research financially:  CNRS-INSHS [French National Center for Scientific Research -Institute of Human and Social Sciences], Regional Council of Aquitane  [equipment, research grant],  University Bordeaux-Montaigne  [PhD grant and special support for research programs],  Bordeaux City Hall. This project was co-financed by the  labex LaScArBx [Bordeaux Archaeological Sciences Labex ] administrated by  ANR  [ Agence Nationale de la Recherche ] with the reference  ANR-10-LABX-52. A part of this research was carried out within the framework of the European research group ( GdRE) Ceramic Building Materials and New Dating Methods  ( CNRS n°227 ;  2005 -2012 ; (Guibert et al. , 2012)). We would also like to express our thanks to the following institutions for the sampling authorization:  Bordeaux City Hall, Regional Service of Archaeology Nouvelle Aquitaine (DRAC-SRA ).
10  As part of the ENESTfreedom trial, patients completed questionnaires that addressed their QoL while discontinuing first-line nilotinib. Interestingly, similar levels of anxiety and depression were reported before and after treatment discontinuation. 29  The ENESTop study examined TFR in patients who switched from imatinib to nilotinib. 30, 31  As part of the study, questionnaires assessing patient QoL were given during the consolidation and TFR phases; changes in QoL between the times of assessment were minimal. The authors point out that these patients had relatively high QoL at the beginning of the study. 30  A major concern in treating pediatric patients with CML is the safety of prolonged TKI administration. As such, this is a population in which there may be particular interest in stopping treatment, but data in this setting are considerably limited.
5 For ≥2 years CMR MR 4 for ≥1 year CMR for ≥1 year CMR for ≥1 year NR CMR for ≥2 years CMR on imatinib MR 4. 5 For ≥1 year MR 4. 5 For 2 years Enrolled patients/line of therapy 84/dasatinib (frontline or subsequent lines) 65/dasatinib (frontline or subsequent line after imatinib) 118/dasatinib rechallenge and discontinuation after imatinib discontinuation (second-stop) 133/dasatinib (frontline) 63/dasatinib (frontline or subsequent line after imatinib) 50/dasatinib 100/dasatinib (frontline) 100/dasatinib (frontline) 60/imatinib, nilotinib + dasatinib, dasatinib 40/dasatinib (after imatinib) 300/dasatinib (frontline) 112/nilotinib (frontline, or after imatinib) Trial title Open-label study evaluating Dasatinib therapy discontinuation in patients with chronic phase CML with stable complete molecular response (DASFREE) Discontinuation of Dasatinib in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia-CP who have maintained complete molecular remission for 2 years; Dasatinib stop trial (D-STOP) Treatment-free remission accomplished with Dasatinib in patients with CML (TRAD) Front-line treatment of BCR-ABL+ chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) with Dasatinib (CML1113) Discontinuation of Dasatinib in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia-CP who have maintained complete molecular remission for 2 years; Dasatinib stop trial (DADI) Dasatinib discontinuation for CML-CP with 1 year CMR (IMIDAS) DAsatinib DIscontinuation for 1st-line treatment with CML-CP with 1 year CMR (1st DADI) Dasatinib for patients achieving complete molecular response for cure (D-NewS) Clinical research of safety and efficacy after a stop of dasatinib administration in patients with CML-CP achieving a CMR on a treatment of TKIs (STDAST) Multicenter clinical study evaluating the safety and efficacy of Dasatinib treatment and its discontinuation in patients with CP CML who had reached CMR during Imatinib therapy Phase II clinical trial of Dasatinib therapy aiming for TFR in patients with CP-CML (D-FREE) Multicenter phase II clinical study of the safety and efficacy of discontinuing Nilotinib treatment in patients with chronic phase chronic myelogenous leukemia who have achieved complete molecular response with Imatinib or Nilotinib (NILSt) Registry information NCT0185004 NCT01627132 NCT02268370 NCT01761890 UMIN000005130 UMIN000008999 UMIN000011099 NCT01887561 UMIN000008583 UMIN000007221 UMIN000022254 UMIN000007141.
5 (ENESTGoal) Treatment-free remission after achieving sustained MR 4. 5 On Nilotinib (ENESTop) Multicenter clinical study on the safety and efficacy of Nilotinib discontinuation in patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia-chronic phase and complete molecular response (STAT2) A randomized phase III study to assess the effect of a longer duration of consolidation treatment with Nilotinib on TFR in CP CML (ENESTPath) Tasigna and interferon alpha evaluation initiated by the German CML study group (TIGER) Stop second generation TKI study (STOP-2G TKI) European stop tyrosine kinase inhibitory study (EURO-SKI) The life after stopping tyrosine kinase inhibitors study (the LAST study) De-escalation and stopping treatment of Imatinib, Nilotinib or sprYcel in chronic myeloid leukemia (DESTINY) Stop imatinib or dasatinib study in CP-CML patients maintaining CMR for 2 years (TWMU-TKI-STOP) Registry information NCT01784068 NCT01744665 NCT01698905 UMIN000005904 NCT01743989 NCT01657604 NCT02917720 NCT01596114 NCT02269267 NCT01804985 UMIN000007944 Abbreviations: CCyR, complete cytogenetic response; CML-CP, chronic myeloid leukemia in chronic phase (also called CP CML in some trials); CMR, complete molecular response; IFN, interferon; MMR, major molecular response; MR 4 , molecular response of 4-log reduction of BCR-ABL1 transcripts; MR 4.
, forced expiratory volume in 1 s percent predicted; ACQ, Asthma Control Questionnaire; AQLQ, Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire; BMI, body mass index. 1 Bronchial Thermoplasty in Severe Persistent Asthma (PAS2); NCT01350336. 2  which patients with a lower FEV 1 were BT treated, as compared to the pivotal AIR2 trial. Furthermore, the recently published results of a nonrandomized French study showed that patients with an FEV 1 as low as 30% with high exacerbation rates were BT treated with a favorable clinical response and acceptable safety profile  [15, 16]. An increased postprocedural incidence of hospitalizations following BT among subjects whose asthma is very severe was observed. Based on these data, the authors are of the opinion that patients with an FEV 1 of 60-80% are preferred candidates for BT, and that patients with an FEV 1 of 30-60% can be BT treated in highly experienced BT centers.
According to some authors, the degree to which epigenetic databases are secured, and their access appropriately restricted to accredited users, should be carefully considered  (Philibert et al. , 2014; Diemer and Woghiren, 2015; Dyke et al. , 2015; Backes et al. , 2016). Indeed, it is to some extent unclear how well existing regulatory mechanisms and encryption algorithms developed for genetic information are suited for the protection of epigenetic information  (Terry, 2015). In this paper, we bring attention to an additional set of ethical concerns, related to the use of epigenetic information by third parties for discriminatory purposes (i. e. , abusive profiling or adverse differential treatment) that would negatively impact the lives of patients, research participants or other vulnerable groups.
, 2018). These activities deserve closer scrutiny, considering that some governments have recently allowed increasingly permissive genetic profiling strategies (for ex. familial searches and DNA dragnet) that are at odds with individual liberties and ethical principles, such as the rights to privacy and social inclusion  (CCLA, 2016; Granados Moreno et al. , 2017; Joly et al. , 2017c). It should also be noted that minority population groups such as Native Americans and African Americans, while underrepresented in health research genomic databases, are unfairly overrepresented in DNA criminal databases in comparison to Caucasians due to the over-policing of these populations  (MacAttram, 2009; Chow-White and Duster, 2011). The use of genetic information in the field of forensics has also been criticized for having led to some unjustified criminal convictions based on misapplied or faulty science  (NRC, 2009).
CURRENT NON-DISCRIMINATION POLICIES FALLING SHORT FOR OVERSIGHT In a previous study, we critically reviewed the different normative approaches to genetic discrimination worldwide  (Joly et al. , 2017b). We reported and characterized eight significantly distinct approaches: human rights, genetic exceptionalism, sectoral prohibition, ethical guidance, selfregulation, moratoria, status-quo and hybrids. We also highlighted their individual advantages and limitations. Using the same database (see 'supplemental information' in  Joly et al. , 2017b) , two investigators (CD and LS) later searched the content of definitions privileged by each country for any mention of the keywords "epigenetics, " "DNA methylation, " or "histone modification". The aim was to identify possible allusions to discrimination based on epigenetic testing or information, and appeals for these policies to apply (or not) to epigenetics.
difficile peptidoglycan. At some point in late stationary phase, the cells will lyse independently of Cwp19, reflecting the implication of other autolysins. Besides Cwp19, sequence comparison by database analysis identified thirty putative peptidoglycandegrading enzymes in C. difficile. Among them, seven are under transcriptional control of a sporulation-specific Sigma-factor and/or are homologous to enzymes specifically involved in the sporulation or germination process in B. subtilis. This still leaves twenty-three peptidoglycan lytic enzymes possibly active on the vegetative cell wall peptidoglycan, raising the question of their respective physiological functions in the different aspects of peptidoglycan metabolism. None of the latter enzymes have been characterized to date and it is difficult to understand why C.
The result of a detailed desk review showed that each program has given a different name to their final report; PSDL (ARAL project); Territorial Strategic Development plan (ARTGOLD program), local strategic plan (Unhabitat), Strategic plan (Italian cooperation). All the methodologies adopted to develop strategic planning final reports were almost the same. They all covered a diagnosis for the region based on a SWOT analysis, a future vision, and concluded by identifying priority projects. Although some differences applied, 18 the overarching aim of those plans was: 1) to help the unions better understand their own region based on sectoral data (so-cial, economic, environmental, etc. ), 2) to elaborate a future vision for the territory, and 3) to accordingly propose a list of projects to be implemented as per their priority of elaboration to "spatialise" the vision in the short, medium, and long terms.
Data for IV-exposure We retrieved summary data for the association between six SNPs and circulating 25(OH)D concentration from the SUNLIGHT meta-GWAS involving 79 366 discovery samples and 42 757 replication samples of European ancestry. Genome-wide analyses were performed within each cohort according to a uniform analysis plan. Specifically, additive genetic models using linear regression on natural-log-transformed 25(OH)D were fitted and a fixed-effects inversevariance weighted meta-analysis across the contributing cohorts was performed, with control for population structure within each cohort and quality-control thresholds of minor allele frequency (MAF) >0. 05, imputation info score >0. 8, Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) >1 Â 10 -6 and a minimum of 10 000 individuals contributing to each reported SNP-phenotype association.
Data for IV-outcome We retrieved summary data for associations of the six vitamin D proxy SNPs with breast and prostate cancer from the currently largest meta-GWAS of these outcomes conducted by the OncoArray network,  15  a large-scale collaboration that was established to understand the genetic architecture and biological mechanisms underlying five common cancers (breast, prostate, ovarian, colorectal and lung cancer). A total of 447 705 individuals of European ancestry were genotyped on a custom Illumina array and imputed to the 1000 Genomes Project reference panel. For each cancer type, results from individual GWASs were combined by fixed-effects inverse-variance weighted meta-analysis, with control for population stratification within each cohort and quality-control thresholds of MAF >0.