dataesr/scientific-paragraphs-categorization huggingface dataset:
Types of What the review authors searched for What the review authors found Study designs and In- terventions Review objective: to assess the evidence on the effectiveness and equity of strategies to increase ownership and proper use of insecticide-treated bednets (ITNs) Cochrane Library Trusted evidence. Informed decisions. Better health. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (Continued) Mexico (1 study), Nepal (1 study), Nicaragua (1 study), Pak- istan (4 studies) and Zimbabwe (1 study) Outcomes Primary outcomes: proportion of chil- DTPs coverage (6 studies), proportion of the target population dren who received DTP3 by 1 year; pro- that was fully immunised (11 studies), percentage change in portion of children who received all rec- immunisation coverage over time (2 studies). Other outcomes ommended vaccinations by 2 years of reported were coverage for specific vaccines (3 studies), costs age (1 study), received at least one vaccine (1 study), completion Secondary outcomes: occurrence of vac-cine preventable diseases, number of of schedule (1 study).
None of the studies provided data on the attitudes of caregivers and clients to vaccination under-fives immunised, costs, attitudes of caregivers and clients to vaccination, adverse events Date of most recent search: May 2016 for most databases Limitations: this is well-conducted systematic review with only minor limitations. Insecticide-treated bednets for malaria Augustincic Polec 2015 Randomised trials, non-randomised tri- 10 randomised trials: 4 studies used a als, controlled before-after studies and interrupted time series studies evaluat-ing interventions to increase ITN owner-ship and use combination of strategies focusing on ITN delivery to increase ITN ownership and appropriate ITN use; 2 studies focused on ITN delivery strategies only; and 7 studies examined appropri-ate use strategies Participants Individuals (children and adults) in Adults, children under 5 years, pregnant women, mothers of malaria endemic areas children under 5 years, rural cotton farmers Settings Not specified studies), and undergoing TB diagnosis, chemoprophylaxis, Rural communities in Africa, India, and Iran Outcomes ITN ownership, ITN use and a range of or treatment (1 study) ITN ownership, ITN use, and malaria morbidity Settings Any setting secondary outcomes including (among others) equity ratio of household ITN ownership and adverse effects Pre-appointment reminders: USA (4 studies), Spain (1 study), and Thailand (1 study); default reminders: India (2 studies) and Iraq (1 study) Outcomes Date of most recent search: February 2013 Completion of TB diagnostics; comple- The main outcomes assessed were the number of patients tion of screening process; commence- who adhered to a scheduled appointment and cure for pre- ment of prophylactic treatment; com- appointment reminders (6 studies) and the number of pa- mencement of curative treatment; com- tients who completed treatment for default reminders (3 stud- pletion of prophylactic treatment; com- ies) pletion of curative treatment; cure; inci- dence of active tuberculosis Date of most recent search: August 2014 Limitations: this is a well-conducted systematic review with only minor limitations.
Summary of findings for interventions targeted at healthcare workers by type of intervention a Cochrane Library Cochrane Library Trusted evidence. Informed decisions. Better health. Trusted evidence. Informed decisions. Better health. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (Continued) Appendix 6. Intervention Education-al meetings Definition Lectures, workshops 0. 51, 95% CI -0. 24 to 1. 25) Effect on practice Educational meetings probably improve pro- Costs The cost of ed-ucational meet- Pros Integration of ed-ucational meet- Resources needed for educa-Cons tional meetings may be less Printed edu-cational ma-terials (PEMs) (Giguère 2012) (Forsetlund 2009) Distribution of printed rec-ommenda-tions for clin-ical care, in-cluding clin-ical practice guidelines.
To analyse the overall evolutionary response and differences in evolutionary rate between populations differing in the Year and Location of sampling, ANCOVA analyses were performed using the following mixed-effects linear model: } { } , (2) where Gen refers to the generations assayed (as covariate) and the other factors as above. As male body size data was not available at generation 28 of Ad and Gro, comparisons for this trait only included data obtained until generation 22 of these foundations, and generation 21 of PT and NL. Analyses defining body size data as a covariate were also done to account for its effects on other traits. Due to the unavailability of some male body size data (see above), when taking into account the effect of male size on male starvation resistance trajectories only data up to generations 21/22 was analysed.
All analyses were performed using differences to the mean values of the synchronously assayed control TA populations, to account for environmental variation between different assays. We also analysed by linear regression the dependence of the evolutionary rate (slopes) on early differentiation across traits and populations. The slopes of each population*trait combination were computed using as data points for each generation assayed, the difference between each experimental population and the average of the synchronously assayed TA controls, divided by the latter. Early differentiation of each trait and population was estimated from the average trait values of generation 5 and 6 (2013 and 2010 data, respectively) also standardized to the average of the control. ANCOVAs were performed using the evolutionary rate as dependent variable, populations as random factors nested within foundations, and early differentiation as covariate.
All data analyses described above were performed using STATISTICA 13 and EXCEL. Chromosomal Inversions. Genetic differentiation in chromosomal inversion frequencies between source populations (Theta-p) was calculated at generations 1/2. Differentiation was also calculated between generations 1/2 and 23/25 for the different replicate populations of each foundation. Differentiation between foundations within generations 6/8 and 23/25 was estimated using a hierarchical AMOVA, with foundations and replicate populations nested within foundations (Theta-f). Theta-f and Theta-p values were obtained with GDA software  65. A principal component analysis (PCA) using a correlation matrix was applied to transformed inversion frequency data (2*square-root of inversion frequency) across chromosomal arrangements, populations and generations, following Balanyà et al.
Acknowledgements The authors thank  Susana A. M. Varela  for her help in the 2013 collections. This study was financed by  Portuguese National Funds  through  FCT -'Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia ' within the projects  PTDC/ BIA-BEC/098213/2008 ,  PTDC/BIA-BIC/2165/2012  and cE3c Unit FCT funding  UID/BIA/00329/2013. I. F. had a PhD grant ( SFRH/BD/60734/2009 ), P. S. has a  Post Doc grant  ( SFRH/BPD/86186/2012 ) and S. G. S. has a  Post Doc grant  ( SFRH/BPD/108413/2015 ) from FCT. M. S. is funded by grant  CGL2013-42432-P  from the  Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (Spain)  and grant  2014 SGR 1346  from  Generalitat de Catalunya.
Comprehensive genomic profiling and mutation load estimation Comprehensive genomic profiling was performed using $50 ng of DNA extracted from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded biopsy specimens collected at study inclusion by using the FoundationOne Heme test. The pathologic diagnosis of each case was confirmed by hematoxylin and eosin-stained slides, with samples requiring a minimum of 20% tumor cells. 8] [19]  Briefly, data were generated from the D2 bait set of the F1H test, targeting 406 genes over an ;1. 20-Mb region (1 198 160 base pairs). This nextgeneration sequencing platform profiles somatic mutations using high coverage (. 5003) exome sequencing of 467 cancer-related genes. In addition to identifying a number of potentially deleterious mutations, the FoundationOne Heme platform was also used to estimate mutation load (per megabase) using Foundation Medicine's mutation load algorithm.
6, 20 To estimate mutation load, base substitutions and indels within a 1. 2-Mb region were identified by DNA sequencing; any alteration known or likely to be associated with tumorigenesis was removed, because the F1H assay is biased toward functional mutations in cancer. Synonymous mutations were counted after filtering to reduce sampling noise and as an attempt to capture mutational processes contributing to neoantigen generation. 20 Noncoding alterations, alterations listed as "known somatic alterations" in the Catalogue of Somatic Mutations in Cancer database, alterations predicted to be germ line by the somatic-germ line-zygosity algorithm, known germ line alterations in the Single Nucleotide Polymorphism database, and germ line alterations occurring with $2 counts in the Exome Aggregation Consortium database were filtered and not counted.
Ethics approval and consent to participate This study was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki (18th World Medical Assembly) and was approved by the Independent Ethics Committee of Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau (approval number COD:IIBS-ROF-2011-106). All patients gave written informed consent to participate in the study. Subjects were included upon receipt of written informed consent and personal identification data were anonymized. ClinicalTrials. gov Identifier: NCT02948153. Registered October 18, 2016. Retrospectively registered.
Flow cytometric data acquisition was performed with the FC500 equipment (Beckman Coulter, Pasadena, CA, USA). Ten thousand events were counted for all sample runs. Gating for discrimination of leukocytes was based on CD45 expression versus side-light scatter. The mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) of the cells stained with control antibody was subtracted from the MFI of the cells stained with receptor antibodies to provide a measure of receptorspecific fluorescence.
statistical analysis Categorical variables were expressed as frequencies and percentages, and continuous variables as mean and standard deviation (SD). Comparisons between both groups were undertaken with the Student's t test for quantitative variables and the chi-square (χ 2 ) test or the McNemar's test for categorical variables. Statistical significance was set at p <0. 05. Statistical analysis was conducted with SPSS version 18. 0 for Windows (Chicago, IL, USA).
■ ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The authors gratefully acknowledge financial support from  Laserlab-Europe  ( LENS002289 ), the  Ministry of Education ,  Culture and Science (Gravitation program   024. 001. 035 ),The  Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO-CW, Top  grant to B. L. F. , VIDI grant no. 723. 014. 001  for W. S. ), the  European Research Council  ( Advanced Investigator Grant , no. 227897  to B. L. F. ), and the  Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences Science (KNAW). A. D. L. , D. J. , and M. M. thank the  Campus France  and the  Slovak Research and Development Agency  for supporting their long-standing collaboration in the framework of  Stefanik PHC program  ( BridgET  project, No. 35646SE  and  SK-FR-2015-0003 , respectively), the  Czech Science Foundation  (project no.
16-01618S ), and the  Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic  (grant  LO1305 ). This research used computational resources of the  GENCI-CINES/IDRIS, Centre de Calcul Intensif des Pays de Loire (CCIPL) , a local Troy cluster, and the HPCC of the  Matej Bel University in Banska Bystrica by using the infrastructure acquired in projects ITMS 26230120002  and  26210120002  supported by the  Research and Development Operational Programme  funded by the  ERDF. The  Swiss Study Foundation  is acknowledged for a fellowship to M. M. L.
Liquid phase To assess the performances of the different cloud schemes, we compare the LWC measured from the aircraft to the simulated LWC by restraining the latter to the model grid boxes corresponding to the flight tracks. We only consider non-null LWC values (LWC > 0. 001 g kg -1 ). For each data point, the closest (both in time and space) grid box value is extracted from the model. Latitudinal averages are derived for each flight per 0. 5 • longitude bins, for simulations and observations. At the latitude of Rothera Research Station (67. 586 • S) this corresponds to ∼ 10 km (i. e. two grid boxes). Then, global west and east averages are derived, corresponding to longitudes westward of 67 • W and to longitudes eastward of 65 • W, respectively (as in part 1). LWC is derived as presented in part 1 using the droplet size distribution obtained from the CAS.
6d ). Average vertical profiles of cloud liquid (and ice) were also derived for flights measurements as well as for the model outputs. The altitude grid on which flights observations, and model outputs, were averaged is finer in its lower layers, with one level every 100 m below 1100 m and every 200 m above 1100 m. At each altitude level the average of the flight averages is computed so that every flight has the same weight. Model altitude levels are separated by less than 1000 m at the highest altitude levels of the atmospheric column. However, below 4500 m, where the flights took place, the maximum model level separation is approximately 500 m. Thus, any data point level is less than 250 m away from the closest model level (less than 100 m below 1100 m). Figure  7  compares vertical distribution of observed (grey circles) and simulated (coloured markers) non-null average LWC (> 0.
Acknowledgements. The authors thank the editor and two anonymous reviewers, who helped to improve the presentation and the content of the manuscript. The authors thank  Tony Phillips  and  Pranab Deb  for providing the Antarctic topography adapted to WRF and derived from Fretwell et al. (2013). The study was funded by the  Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)  under grant  NE/K01305X/1. Constantino Listowski  also thanks  CNES for postdoctoral fellowship funding. Edited by:  Martina Krämer Reviewed  by: two anonymous referees.
1). The lateral histogram shows that the POLDER method identifies AAC events associated with both low and high AE values, resulting in a mean AE of about 1. 0. The undetermined situations correspond to retrievals when CALIOP does not give all the information regarding the layer altitudes. The number of cases is significant (approximately 92 % of the total number of global retrievals) but most of data (95 %) correspond to AOT 532 nm lower than 0. 2. This probably explains why the layer detection algorithm has difficulties in estimating the base and top of the aerosol layer. For the undetermined cases, we observe that there is not much correlation between POLDER and DRM SODA measurements. On average, the DRM SODA AOTs are centred around zero for this category whereas POLDER has a nonnegligibly low AOT for most cases.
Facing the need to take the local climatology into account, some studies are based on a variable threshold depending on the region. For example,  Ratan and Venugopal (2013)  proposed a climatology of wet and dry spells in several tropical regions based on a percentage (10%) of the local climatological mean rainfall to separate between wet and dry days. Over West Africa, very few analyses of wet and dry spell features were realized, focusing essentially on dry spells and based on local in situ observations  (Sivakumar, 1992; Sanogo et al. , 2015). In this paper, we propose a characterization of the main features of wet and dry spells and their space-time variability in West Africa, using TRMM 3B42 data and a 1 mm threshold to distinguish between wet and dry days. This TRMM-derived climatology of wet and dry spells will contribute to help decision making in the agricultural sector.
Data and method The study is done using TRMM 3B42 v7 rainfall product for a 17-year period from 1998 to 2014. These data are derived from a combination of calibrated microwave and infrared precipitation estimates  (Kummerow et al. , 1998; Huffman et al. , 2007). The TRMM 3B42 rainfall product is available at temporal and spatial resolutions of 3 h and 0. 25 ∘ × 0. 25 ∘. Several validation studies of the TRMM 3B42 rainfall data have been done over West Africa with ground-based observations and the rainfall product is generally considered reliable, especially at larger space and time scales  (Nicholson et al. , 2003; Pierre et al. , 2011). Besides,  Amekudzi et al. (2016)  showed that TRMM is suitable for agricultural and other hydro-climatic impact studies over the region given its ability to capture the dry spells as well as the onset, peak and cessation of the rainy season.
They are usually related to the topography, such as the Jos plateau (1280 m above sea level on average) in central Nigeria where annual rain accumulation reaches 1400 mm while it is below 1000 mm in this latitude band. For the present analysis, the 3-hourly rainfall data from TRMM 3B42 have been aggregated at a daily time step. Then, we define each day as wet or dry using a threshold of 1 mm/day. Wet (respectively dry) spells are sequences of consecutive wet (dry) days, preceded and followed by dry (wet) days. Besides, a wet (dry) day that is surrounded by two dry (wet) days is defined as an isolated wet (dry) day. We analyze the spatial and temporal variability of these wet and dry events using the four subregions represented in Figure  1 : Western Sahel (18 ∘ -10 ∘ W and 12. 5 ∘ -17. 5 ∘ N), Central Sahel (10 ∘ W-10 ∘ E and 12.
Acknowledgements We thank  Dr Daniel Wehner  for critical input. This work was supported by an  EMBO   Long-Term Fellowship  ( ALTF 946-2014 ), co-funded by the  European Commission  ( MSCA LTFCOFUND2013 ,  GA-2013-609409 ) (MJC), and the  BBSRC  ( BB/L021498/1 , CGB, TB) and  NC3Rs  ( NC/l001063/1 , CGB, TB). We apologize to the colleagues whose work was not cited because of space limitations.
Data acquisition and analysis The data acquisition software at P13 is MxCuBE  (Gabadinho et al. , 2010)  Data management foresees simultaneous storing of two copies of collected data on the PPU on a secondary storage system consisting of two network storage servers (DELL, Frankfurt, Germany) with a total capacity of 300 TB shared between beamlines P12, P13 and P14. The interconnection between storage servers is provided by Infini-Band high-speed data transfer lines. Data transport to external disks is possible via USB3 ports. Data processing is performed with a parallelized version of XDS  (Kabsch, 2010)  running on a 40-core Pilatus Processing Unit (PPU) XL (DECTRIS AG, Baden, Switzerland). Standard crystallographic software including CCP4  (Winn et al. , 2011) , PHENIX  (Adams et al. , 2010) , SHELX  (Sheldrick, 2008)  and HKL2MAP  (Pape & Schneider, 2004 ) is available on dedicated graphics and compute servers for structure solution.
Facility access Access to the EMBL Hamburg beamlines is available to academic research groups, and is prioritized by the Project Evaluation Committee on scientific grounds only. Proposals for beamline access can be submitted to http://smis. emblhamburg. de. Access for industrial users can be accepted under a commercial agreement. Remote data collection is available. Diffraction images acquired at = 2. 75 A ˚(4. 5 keV). 1. 0 rotation images with an exposure time of 1 s were collected with 3. 8 Â 10 10 photons s À1 in a beam defocused to 50 mm in diameter at 135 mm crystal-to-detector distance on a crystal of lysozyme (120 mm Â 120 mm Â 80 mm in size) mounted in a litho-loop (MiTeGEN, Ithaca, USA). Images were displayed with ADXV (Arvai, 2015) using identical contrast levels (À1/+10) with inverted colours.
Highlights At the time of writing, P13 has been accredited with more than 100 Protein Data Bank depositions. Highlights from the available publications include the elucidation of the structural basis of the proinflammatory signalling complex mediated by TSLP  (Verstraete et al. , 2014) ; the crystal structure of the eukaryotic translation initiation factor eIF5B (399-852) from Saccharomyces cerevisiae  (Kuhle & Ficner, 2014) ; the structure and thermodynamics of inhibition of Sporosarcina pasteurii urease  (Benini et al. , 2014) ; crystallographic structures of an active Spiegelmer, NOX-D20, bound to its physiological targets, mouse C5a and C5a-desArg  (Yatime et al. , 2015). Full MAD and Se-SAD capability are implemented as shown by the crystal structure of Geobacillus thermoglucosidasius GH family 52 xylosidase  (Espina et al.
S-SAD phasing of Zn-free insulin at 4 keV To demonstrate the feasibility of anomalous data collection at an energy of 4. 0 keV, data were collected on a crystal of Znfree insulin  (Faust et al. , 2008)  with a beam defocused to 70 mm in diameter using the PILATUS 6M-F detector with the helium cone installed. Two 360 rotation data sets were collected with the 2Â arm set to 0 and 25 , respectively. A third 360 dataset was collected at an energy of 13. 0 keV for phase extension to high resolution (Table  S3 ). For both lowenergy data sets, the anomalous signal-to-noise indicates that anomalous differences of high quality were measured despite the lower multiplicity of the data set collected with the 2Â offset (Fig. 6 ). In terms of phasing the structure, the number of residues traced by SHELXE  (Sheldrick, 2008)  in the first electron density obtained by SHELXE, N traced , was used as a metric.
The respective electron density was derived by combining the unrefined solved substructure, the anomalous differences extracted by SHELXC, and 20 cycles of density modification against the 1. 4 A ˚data collected at 13. 0 keV. While the structure could actually be solved using any of the two low-energy datasets by themselves or in combination, the data collected at 4 keV with the 2Â offset (N traced = 45) are more useful for phasing than the data collected to a geometrically limited resolution of 3. 14 A ˚at 2Â = 0 (N traced = 26). The best result was obtained by using a combination of the two data sets collected at 4 keV (N traced = 49) indicating that the data sets collected at different 2Â-settings are compatible.
Acknowledgements The authors would like to thank the authors of the  PETRA III Technical Design Report (Balewski et al. , 2004) for paving the way towards the construction of  PETRA III  and the construction of the first set of beamlines including P13 and  P14. We are grateful to the members of the  Scientific Advisory Board  of the EMBL@ PETRA3  project, chaired by  Dr E. Duke  ( Diamond Light Source, Ltd, Didcot, UK ), for their continuous support and advice. All members of the  EMBL Hamburg Instrumentation group  are thanked for their dedication to the project. A. Gobbo  ( EMBL, Grenoble, France ) and  J. Sinoir  ( EMBL, Grenoble, France ) are thanked for support with the MD2 control software. The  MxCuBE consortium  is thanked for the enabling and supporting the use of the MxCuBE user interface.
Dynamic light scattering To determine the distribution of the protein R H through the DLS technique, the Malvern Zetasizer Nano ZS (Malvern Instruments, UK) was used. All samples were measured in triplicate. To determine the hydrodynamic size of a given sample, the signal from DLS was integrated during 15 s, and repeated 15 times, in order to produce a representative distribution. The data obtained were exported at optimum best resolution using the Zetasizer program, obtaining a resolution of 0. 083 nm in radius. The intensity distribution was used in all measurements, since this distribution only requires the identification of solvent parameters, opposed to number and volume distributions. The samples are prepared with a constant BSA concentration of 0. 2 mM, and with various urea concentrations ranging from 0 to 7 M.