dataesr/scientific-paragraphs-categorization huggingface dataset:
Patient group classification in the SS After obtaining an optimized subset of features for each classification pair and checking that our results were unbiased site-wise, we tested the robustness of the machine learning classifier on the patient's SS dataset. The machine learning classifier when applied on bvFTD patients and HCs yielded an AUC of 0. 92 (±0. 01) in the test set, with a sensitivity of 90% (±3%), and a specificity of 91% (±1%), In the feature importance list, the executive functions total score resulted as the top feature, followed by the left insula atrophy, left temporal pole atrophy, the nonlinear SN, the nonlinear wSMI EEG connectivity from the central-frontal to the right-frontal region, the nonlinear DCFA measure of the EN, the EEG PLV linear connectivity in the beta band from the leftfrontal to the left-temporal region, the right anterior cingulate-cortex atrophy, and the linear SFC measure in the SN (figure  3 , first row).
Feature optimization and harmonization results for the FS For the machine learning classification between bvFTD patents and HCs in the FS dataset that had Starting with a set containing all the features available in the FS and finally keeping the set of features yielding the best accuracy. The optimal number of features for each classification pair and sample is highlighted in a discontinuous red line. (B) RFC analysis results for the non-normalized and normalized samples. High accuracy rates were obtained for classifying subjects per acquisition site prior normalization, and a non-significant classification result for the normalized samples, confirming unbiased results. BvFTD: behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia; AD: Alzheimer's disease; HCs: healthy controls; Log: logarithmic scale.
Discussion The MMAN approach provided support for all the proposed hypotheses on the characterization of AD and bvFTD patients from underrepresented and heterogeneous samples. Using both a SS with complete data and a FS with missing data, the MMAN outperformed all unimodal approaches in classifying bvFTD patients and HCs, AD patients and HCs, and bvFTD and AD patients. MMAN was robust against confounding variables such as multicentric recordings, sociodemographic heterogeneities after harmonization, and overfitting by applying feature reduction techniques. Furthermore, we obtained a modality-specific ranking of classification performance, providing insights on the relevance of different levels of measurements. Overall findings provide a complementary computational framework for diagnosis and characterization of underrepresented populations that can complement dementia assessment in clinical settings.
5 (34-71) days post-incobotulinumtoxinA ICI). ED etiology (except spinal cord injury) and severity did not influence effectiveness. Only a clinically significant response to the 1st injection predicted a request for a 2nd injection (OR = 5. 6, 95%, CI 1. 6-19. 4). Three men reported mild penile pain during the injection. These results provide preliminary evidence for the effectiveness and safety of incobotulinumtoxinA ICI as an add-on therapy to treat ED that is insufficiently responsive to standard care and provides support for the multicenter randomized clinical trial NCT05196308.
Conclusions The results of this exploratory study showed that approximately half of men who responded insufficiently to pharmacological treatments experienced a clinically meaningful improvement in erectile function after incobotulinumtoxinA (Xeomin ® ) 100U ICI. Furthermore, the treatment was safe. This therapeutic effect was sustained over time with repeated injections in a proportion of men. These encouraging results provide a rationale for a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter study comparing the efficacy of incobotulinumtoxinA (Xeomin ® ) 100U as an add-on therapy to sildenafil 100 mg on-demand with placebo ICI combined with sildenafil 100 mg on demand for the treatment of ED that is not sufficiently responsive to standard therapy (PDE5-Is) (ClinicalTrials.
Design We conducted a single-center, retrospective study using a database of consecutive medical records of men with ED who responded insufficiently to registered pharmacological treatments and who received single or multiple incobotulinumtoxinA (Xeomin ® ) 100 U injections between November 2019 and January 2022. The database was approved by the French Data Protection Authority (Commission Nationale Informatique et Libertés) under the registration number 2209010v0 in agreement with the French legislation for retrospective studies. Written informed consent was obtained from participants and they were informed that they could deny access to their personal and medical data at any time. All medical files were anonymized. The men did not pay for the injections, which were provided as a compassionate treatment by the hospital.
Methods Study design and data collection. Two different cohorts (cohort L and M) were collected. Patients with metastatic lung cancer referred to our institution for ICI treatment between 2012 and 2019 were considered for inclusion in cohort L. For each patient, radiological examinations between 3 months before and 1 week after the first cure were automatically retrieved from the picture archiving and communication system (PACS) using in-house software. Clinical data for those patients were manually collected from the electronic health records (EHR) generated during patient follow-up. Then, using lexicographic order, consecutive patient's imaging studies were manually explored, and only patients with a single acquisition pre-treatment CT TAP IV+ were investigated. Patients with less than ten visible lesions were excluded from the cohort.
slicer. org/). More specifically, lesions that would be deemed non targetable as per RECIST 1. 1 were segmented, including bone lesions, and lesions with a greatest diameter below 1. 5 cm. The segmentation process was performed by the same senior nuclear radiologist (T. H. ) for all patients, in order to remove variability from inter-observer delineation. Tumor segmentations for patients from cohort M were performed by radiation oncology residents, using Raystation Software version 9B (RaySearch Laboratories, Stockholm, Sweden). Each annotation was validated by a senior radiation oncologist (R. S) and a senior nuclear radiologist (T. H. ). For both cohorts, to ensure that the observed variability was only due to tumor heterogeneity at the patient level, each patient of each cohort was delineated by only one annotator using only one software.
Imaging data and tumor segmentations were resampled to a common 1 × 1 × 1 mm 3 voxel size using B-spline interpolation, and the following 107 radiomics features were extracted using the pyradiomics 22 package version 3. 0: 18 first order (FO) statistics, 14 shape-based (SB) features, 24 Gy level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) features, 16 Gy level run length matrix (GLRLM) features, 16 Gy level size zone matrix (GLSZM) features, five neighbouring gray tone difference matrix (NGTDM) features, and 14 Gy level dependence matrix (GLDM) features. Before radiomics extraction, image discretization was performed using a fixed bin width of ten, as done in previous studies  3.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT The authors acknowledge the EMAS working group. The  EMAS  project is a collaboration led by the  Health & Territory Research group of the University of Seville , the  Ankylosing Spondylitis International Federation , and a steering committee composed of patient representatives and internationally recognized rheumatologists, psychologists, and researchers specializing in axSpA. All authors had access to relevant data and participated in the drafting, review, and approval of this publication.
We defined the ischemic core lesion and its volume using RAPID software, which calculates the ischemic core lesion based on the apparent diffusion coefficient threshold <620 × 10 -6 mm 2 /s. diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI)-FLAIR mismatch), we evaluated a modifying role of sex on the treatment effect of alteplase in multivariable logistic regression, with treatment adjusted for National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score and age. Dependent variables were modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score of 0-1 at 90 days and distribution of mRS scores at 90 days. Results: Of 1362 screened patients, 529 (38. 8%) were women. Women were older than men, had higher baseline NIHSS scores and smoked less frequently. FLAIR positivity of the DWI lesion was equally present in women (174/529, 33. 1%) and men (273/833, 33.
Conclusion: As in many other stroke trials, more men than women were included in the WAKE-UP trial, but the presence of a visual DWI-FLAIR mismatch and the relative FLAIR signal intensity did not differ between the sexes. The treatment effect of alteplase was not modified by sex. Only patients with a core lesion volume >10 ml were included for further analysis. To investigate sex-based differences in the quality of the collateral circulation, we studied the hypoperfusion intensity ratio (HIR) in patients screened in the WAKE-UP trial who also underwent perfusion-weighted imaging  [24, 25]. We used RAPID software (iSchemaView) to calculate the perfusion lesion, defined as tissue with a time to the maximum of the residue function (Tmax) of >6 s. For patients with a minimal perfusion lesion of 10 ml, we calculated the HIR as the ratio of the lesion volume with Tmax >10 s and the lesion volume with a Tmax >6 s.
Background: Augmented renal clearance (ARC) remains poorly evaluated in ICU. The objective of this study is to provide a full description of ARC in ICU including prevalence, evolution profile, risk factors and outcomes. Methods: This was a retrospective, single-center, observational study. All the patients older than 18 years admitted for the first time in Medical ICU, Bichat, University Hospital, APHP, France, between January 1, 2017, and November 31, 2020 and included into the Outcomerea database with an ICU length of stay longer than 72 h were included. Patients with chronic kidney disease were excluded. Glomerular filtration rate was estimated each day during ICU stay using the measured creatinine renal clearance (CrCl). Augmented renal clearance (ARC) was defined as a 24 h CrCl greater than 130 ml/min/m 2.
Type of study, population, and data source We conducted a retrospective, monocentric, observational study including patients admitted for the first time to the medical and infectious resuscitation department of Bichat-Claude-Bernard University Hospital, APHP, France, between January 1, 2017 and November 31, 2020 and included in the OutcomeRea database. Patients were excluded if they had dialysis-dependent chronic kidney disease (CKD) as defined by the Knaus Scale  [30] , if their length of stay (LOS) was less than 72 h, if serum creatinine was never measured during their ICU stay or if GFR could not be measured during the whole ICU stay.
Ethical considerations Outcomerea is an observational prospective multicenter cohort. The clinical and biologic data of each included patients are registered in the database each day of the ICU stay. This database has been approved by the French Advisory Committee for Data Processing in Health Research (CCTIRS), by the Institutional Review Board (CECIC Clermont-Ferrand -IRB n°5891; Ref: 2007-16) and the French Informatics and Liberty Commission (CNIL) which waived the need for signed informed consent of the participants, in accordance with French legislation on non-interventional studies. This study did not require individual patient consent because it involved research on a previously approved database.
Collected data and definition The GFR was estimated using the measured Creatinine Renal Clearance (CrCl) based on 24-h urine output, corresponding creatinine and urinary creatinine (Additional file 1: Table  S1 ). ARC was defined by a GFR above 130 mL/min/1. 73 m 2. Patients on renal replacement therapy had a zero GFR from the beginning to the end of the last renal replacement therapy session during their stay in the ICU. GFR was estimated from day 1 to day 30 in ICU. Patients were considered to have ' ARC on admission' if they had ARC on day 1 or day 2 of ICU stay. Patients who had ARC for the first time after Day 2, were considered to have 'late ARC'. Acute kidney injury (AKI) was defined using the KDIGO (Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcome)  [31]  classification using serum creatinine item and urinary output (UO).
However, since our database does not track UO at 6 h, but only for 24 h, one cannot distinguish between the subgroups of AKI (KDIGO stage 1 and 2). Under the assumption that the requirement of the UO to be less than 0. 5 mg/kg/h for 24 h is more stringent than for 6 h, we assigned all patients with UO less than 0. 5 ml/ kg/h to KDIGO stage 2  [32]. Baseline serum creatinine levels were measured in blood samples taken before hospital admission when available. In times the baseline creatinine level or GFR was not available, the lowest serum creatinine level measured during the patient's hospital stay was used if the GFR was ≥ 75 ml/min/1. 73 m2. In other cases, the baseline creatinine level was estimated by using the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease equation with a normal GFR value of 75 ml/min/ 1.
Data collection The following data were collected at admission: age, sex, reason for admission, comorbidities as defined by the Knaus Scale  [30] , severity of illness at ICU admission (SAPS II, SOFA scores), main symptoms on admission, organ failures and organ support including vasopressors, renal replacement therapy, invasive mechanical ventilation and other treatments including the use of parenteral or enteral nutrition, vancomycin, aminoglycoside or proton-pump inhibitors and the administration of iodinated contrast media during CT scans. Outcomes recorded were ICU and hospital LOS, vital status at the end of ICU and hospital stay.
Statistical analyses The data were described as mean and standard deviation or median and interquartile range for continuous data according to their distribution, and the categorical data as number and percentage. Comparisons relied on the Fisher exact test for categorical data and Wilcoxon test for continuous data. Missing data were imputed linearly. GFR were first measured using complete data and then linearly imputed. Daily distributions of the missing data are reported in Additional file 1: Table  S2. The cumulative incidence curve over time of the first episode of ARC was plotted. Univariate and then multivariate logistic regression analysis were performed to determine factors associated with the presence of ARC at admission. Variables achieving a p-value < 0. 2 were tested in the multivariate model.
As sensitive analyses, cause-specific models with death and being discharged alive from ICU as outcomes considering ARC as a time-dependent covariate during ICU stay were achieved with a landmark approach from Day 2 to Day 7. Sub-distribution survival analyses considering being discharged alive from ICU as competing risk and assessing the effect of ARC on Day 2 among the patients still alive on Day 2, the effect of ARC on Day 3 among the patients still alive on Day 3, and so on until Day 7 were also achieved. All analyses were performed with SAS software version 9. 4 (SAS Institute Inc. , Cary, North Carolina) or R software with the "mstate" library.
Baseline characteristics During the period of the study, 1313 were admitted in ICU but only 784 patients were recorded in the Outcomerea data base. Only 312 patients were included in the study (Additional file 1: Fig. S1 ). Main characteristics of the patients are presented in Additional file 1: Table  S3. The median age was 62. 7 years [51. 3; 71. 8], 75% of the patients were male, 26. 9 of them were obese, the main comorbidities were cardiovascular (31. 9%), respiratory (19. 3%) and immunosuppression (18. 7%). The main reason for admission was respiratory failure (59%) and shock (13%) including 62. 8% patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. The SAPS II score was 32  [24; 43]. Patients on admission required treatment with vasopressor, mechanical ventilation, and extra renal replacement therapy in, respectively, 44%, 46.
Then, we could not precisely distinguish patient with KDIGO 1 from patient with KDIGO 2 AKI because our database does not track UO at 6 h or 12 h. Lastly, missing data concerning GFR during ICU stay might have biased our results. However, most of the GFR missing were related to missing urinary creatine, with low urinary output and therefore considered with low GFR. This work opens several perspectives, including studies focusing on patients without AKI or only AKI KDIGO 1 or 2 on admission, i. e. , those at risk of ARC. More reliable measurements of GFR by exogenous markers combined with cardiac output, renal perfusion and fluid balance measurements and data on diuretics intakes would allow better characterization of the evolutionary profile of ARC in the ICU. The study of antibiotic dosage in the presence of ARC and the impact of their adaptation would also deserve a prospective work.
Search strategy and selection criteria The PubMed database was searched until October 2020: articles included were randomized clinical trials (RCTs), prospective uncontrolled or observational studies irrespective of the number of patients, registry data, retrospective studies, and reports with more than five pediatric patients, restricted to human studies in English. The literature search (PubMed) using vitD AND supplement filtered for the past 10 years and from birth to 18 years retrieved 1529 articles, 430 selected as reviews, case series, meta-analyses, or guidelines (Language: English), as summarized in Supplemental Table  1. If necessary, papers published before 2010 were also taken into consideration, but not exhaustively.
Research questions Physiology and assays -What are the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying 1,25D3-dependent calcium homeostasis? -Are extraskeletal effects observed in adults also applicable in children? -Is CYP27B1 regulated in the same way in children as in adults in all the target cells? -What other metabolites of vitD are interesting to evaluate? What are the target levels of 25-D levels? -Are adult data adaptable to children? What should the supplementation schedule be in general pediatric populations? -How should data be adapted from RCTs conducted in vitD-deficient subjects in general pediatric populations? -Could the weekly supplementation be used in general pediatric populations? -What are the real-life data (insurance database)? Which risk factors increase vitD dose? -What would be the ideal vitD supplementation protocol in obese children, depending on their ethnicity? -How should data be adapted from RCTs conducted in vitD-deficient subjects in general pediatric populations? Which risk factors decrease vitD dose? -What is the optimal schedule of vitD supplementation and monitoring in children and teenagers with hypercalciuria and nephrolithiasis? Nutritional calcium -How should the variability of calcium absorption be evaluated in children? -Is there a reliable laboratory parameter to assess calcium status and to recommend calcium supplementation in the case of deficiency? VitD supplementation in premature babies -What is the role of C3 epimerization in neonates and pregnant women? -What is the optimal schedule of vitD supplementation and monitoring in premature babies? -What is the ideal upper target of 25(OH)D levels in premature babies for bone outcomes but also global outcomes? -What is the exact frequency of vitD deficiency and overdose in very preterm infants? Overseas territories -Establish data on vitD status and needs for supplementation in overseas territories VitD: vitamin D.
Acknowledgments The authors would like to thank the reviewers from the external voting panel:  Dr. Cyril Amouroux  (pediatric endocrinologist, Montpellier),  Dr. Johanna Clet  (pediatric rheumatologist, Bordeaux),  Dr. V eronique Desvignes  (general pediatrician, Chamali eres),  Prof. Christian Dupraz  (general practitioner, Lyon),  Dr. Glory Dingulu  (pediatric rheumatologist, Paris),  Prof. Marie Flori  (general practitioner, Lyon),  Dr. Agn es Giuseppi  (neonatologist, Paris),  Prof. Sivia Iacobelli  ( neonatologist, French Society of Pediatrics, Saint Pierre La R eunion ),  Prof. Emmanuel Mas  (pediatric gastroenterologist, Toulouse),  Prof. Noel Peretti  (expert in pediatric nutrition, Lyon),  Prof. Jean-Charles Picaud  (neonatologist, Lyon),  Prof. Christine Pietrement  (pediatric nephrologist, Reims),  Prof.
Fourteen days after oocyte retrieval, a quantitative serum value of β-hCG was obtained. When the β-hCG result was positive (greater than 50 IU/L), a second analysis was conducted 4 days later. Early pregnancy was considered when β-hCG was greater than 100 IU/L. Clinical pregnancy was de ned by the presence of an embryo demonstrating cardiac activity detected on the ultrasound after 6 to 8 weeks of amenorrhea. At treatment initiation, eligible couples were asked to con rm their non-opposition to the use of their data for observational research purposes.
For all patients who underwent a rst IVF or ICSI attempt between January 2013 and December 2018, demographic and clinical data were extracted from the central electronic medical records database "INFOFIV/JFiv". INFOFIV/JFiv is the patient electronic medical record from which data are transferred to the French Agency of Biomedicine (ABM). It is designed to minimize missing and incoherent data. All data were anonymized. No administrative permission was required to access this data, because the INFOFIV/JFiv database records the data collected in routine care in our institution. In accordance with French legislation, notably decree number 2016 - 1537 dated 16 November 2016 (decree of application of the "Jardé" law), neither institutional review board (IRB) nor Ethics Committee approval was required for this retrospective study.
Patient master data were automatically transferred from the RIS worklist. The front desk in the radiology department allocated the contrast-enhanced CT questionnaires to the present patients using a desktop application of the D-IPC software (MEDePORT, Thieme Compliance GmbH, Erlangen, Germany). Patients were registered by manually typing the patient name and birthdate or in most cases by scanning a barcode from the web application on the desktop computer. The touch screen interaction was made available on a fleet of 10 mobile tablet devices (Surface Go, first-generation model, Microsoft Co. , Redmond, WA, USA) using a dedicated patient-client application of the D-IPC software operating in the kiosk mode. We briefly introduced each patient, who stated sufficient German language skills, to the tablet functionality before starting the questionnaire with 22 main items in the waiting room without further assistance (e.
Physician client The on-premises software in the German language was installed on a local virtual server, and all data were stored in a local database. The attending radiologist used a dedicated physician client on two mobile tablet computers with a digital pen (Surface Pro 5, Microsoft Co. , Redmont, WA, USA; Fig. 2 ) to review the questionnaires. Updates of the patient worklist were received automatically every 30 s from the RIS. Predefined filters are available at the physician's discretion: Red flags, individually marked questions, questions answered with yes, questions answered with no, and all questions. Red flags are   always displayed first. Therefore, the informed consent discussion starts with a structured overview of potential contraindications. An illustration of the user interface is available in the literature  [16].