dataesr/scientific-paragraphs-categorization huggingface dataset:
It is known from the literature that positive affect positively in uences physical health  (1) (2) (3) (4) (5). Second, MMFA activities were performed in groups and, therefore, provide an opportunity for the participants to break out of social isolation, which is also associated with sedentary behavior. Third, art activities were carried out on-site at the MMFA. This encouraged participants to get out of the house and thus partly explains the increase in step count. We observed mixed results for mean step count per inactive hours. If there was a signi cant increase in the mean step count at M3 in the intervention group compared to the control group, the change between M0 and M3 was not associated with MMFA art-based activities. A lack of data may explain this nonconclusive result. The number of participants in this RCT was low, and compared to the full day and active hour parameters, the number of steps collected during inactive hours was also low.
Acknowledgments We are grateful to the participants for their cooperation and to the MMFA team members who participated in the organization and execution of the participatory art-based activity. We also want to thank  Ms. Nathalie Bondil  (General Director and  Chief Curator  of the  MMFA ),  Mr. Thomas Bastien  (Director of the  Education and Wellness Department at the MMFA ),  Ms. Danielle Champagne  (Director of the  MMFA Foundation ) and  Ms. Claude Krynski  (Director of  Philanthropic Development at the Foundation of the Montreal Jewish General Hospital ).
Temperature and atmospheric pressure time-series Continuous measurements of temperature are available for the four sites at several underground locations in the atmosphere and at the rock surface: since 1996 at Aven d'Orgnac and Esparros Caves, since 1997 at the Chauvet Cave and since 1998 at the Pech Merle Cave. These data were complemented by data from temporary experiments performed between 2015 and 2018. In the present study, the sensors are labelled as in the companion paper  ( Perrier et al. , this issue ). The first letter ("T" for temperature, "p" for atmospheric pressure) indicates the type of sensor. The following two letters ("Es" for Esparros, "Pm" for Pech Merle, "Ch" for Chauvet and "Or" for Aven d'Orgnac Caves) refer to the cave. After the site name, the capital letter indicates the location within the site, as given in Fig.
Acknowledgments This work contributes to the  IdEx Université de Paris   ANR-18-IDEX-0 0 01. The authors express their gratitude to  Joël Ughetto  and  Stéphane Tocino  at the  Aven d'Orgnac Cave , to  Dominique Baffier ,  Marie Bardisa ,  Charles Chauveau ,  Paulo Rodrigues  and the scientific team coordinated by  Carole Fritz  at the Chauvet Cave, to  Bertrand Defois  and the late  Jean-Luc Zimmermann  at the  Pech Merle Cave , and to  Francis Ferran ,  Danielle Forgue  and  Federica Hanrard  at the  Esparros Cave. The speleological team ( Jean-Pierre Bermond-Gonnet ,  Josiane Dassain  and  Adrien Lorentz ) is thanked for their highly technical assistance to access the remote parts of the  Esparros Cave. François Bourges thanks Eric Mauduit and Pascal Foucher at the DRAC Occitanie Services  and the members of Laboratoire de Recherche sur les Monuments Historiques from the  French Ministry of Culture  for their support over the years.
Results have shown that fore phalanges reliably distinguish the wild guanaco and vicuña, but the distinction between the domestic forms and their wild relatives still remains tentative despite the new statistics. This is largely due to limited domestic SAC comparative material, especially for the alpaca, but also underlines the presence of an intermediate size morphogroup among the domestic SAC. Morphometric variations recorded for the pre-Hispanic SAC are greater than those of current SAC, preventing reliable identification of the archaeological specimens. These results emphasize the need to improve the current SAC measurments data base and develop new multiproxy approaches in the study of pre-Hispanic camelid diversity directly from the archaeological material.
, 2021; Wilson et al. , 2021 ) but these results have not yet been applied in archaeozoological studies. To date, no studies have been conducted which attempt to identify archaeological remains from contexts where all four SAC species may have been present. Here we explore whether the multivariate morphometric approach to first phalange measurements proposed by Kent can be accurate enough to document SAC taxonomic diversity in archaeological contexts where all wild and domestic forms may be present. This approach has the advantage of (1) being accessible to all zooarchaeologists, including those who do not have expertise in Geometric morphometrics, and (2) relies on a large dataset of samples recorded beginning in the 1970's. For this study we have collated published measurements with data that we have collected from different institutions.
Modern samples The modern dataset includes measurements we collected and measurements taken at the comparative anatomy collection of the Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), France, the Museo de Historia Natural de San Rafael, Argentina, the collections of the Cátedra de Anatomía Comparada, Universidad Nacional de Salta, Argentina (Mengoni Goñalons and Elkin 2021) and the Instituto de Arqueología, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina (supplementary data 1). We measured first fore and hind phalanges from 19 modern adult camelids of all four species from the Central and Southern-Central Andes as well as the MNHN zoological garden (captive specimens) France (tab. 1). We also measured 2 fore and 2 hind first phalanges from one Lama guanicoe cacsilensis specimen; one fore phalange from one captive alpaca specimen and 35 fore and hind phalanges of 32 Lama glama from 4 different herds (Cieneguillas, Angela, Rio Salado and Demetria) in the Argentine puna (supplementary data 1).
Linear measurements Five linear measurements (Variables 1 to 5) on both fore and hind first phalanges (fig. 2 ; see supplementary data 2 for measurement details and  Gasco et al. , 2014)  were taken following  Duerst (1926) ,  Kent (1982)  and Von den Driesch  (1976). Measurements were collected to the nearest 0. 01 mm with a Mitutoyo Absolute (IP 67) digital caliper. Each linear measurement was taken three times on three different days to obtain a mean value reducing measurement error. In case of a complete skeleton or limbs, an average value was calculated for the four fore or hind phalanges. To make comparison possible, we considered published data obtained in similar conditions (or reproduced them when all the raw data were available). Figure  2 : Illustration of the five linear measurements from both fore and hind first phalanges of a Lama glama.
Statistical analysis  Kent (1982)  used size and discrete criteria to separate fore from hind phalanges in archaeological collections. Here, we used the five variables measured on the modern specimens to test differences between hind and fore phalanges, while taking into account the differences among the four taxa of SAC using a factorial Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA). We then assessed the accuracy of the anatomic and taxonomic classifications of phalanges using the five variables using a machine learning approach based on the k-Nearest Neighbors algorithm (k-NN;  Ripley, 1996). This approach allowed us to classify an individual within a group based on its similarity to the group using k nearest data points. We used k = 1 for the anatomical position and k = 3 for the taxonomic status because of the exploration of four different species.
To visualize and synthetize the patterns of differentiation among the modern and archaeological samples we used a Principal component analysis (PCA) and a dendrogram computed with the neighbor-joining algorithm performed on euclidean distances. Both PCA and the neighbor joining tree were performed on a mean of the 5 variables for each modern and archaeological sample. All analyses were performed with R software version 1. 2. 5033 (R Core Team (  2019 )) and the statistical packages R Core Team (2019), class  (Venables and Ripley, 2002)  , MASS  (Venables and Ripley, 2002) , mclust  (Scrucca et al. , 2016)  and ape  (Paradis and Schliep, 2019)  with the graphical display ggplot2  (Wickham, 2016). Results.
Besides the straightforward discrimination of wild SAC, our study confirms that the distinction between wild and domestic forms of the same genus and between alpacas and llamas is far more challenging for archaeological sites and time periods where the four taxa may be present. Despite improved data sets and new statistical approaches it still not possible to reliably separate phalanges of the four SAC species. One of the main reasons is the limited sample size, especially for alpacas and L. g. cacsilensis, preventing full documentation of their morphometric variation  (Kent, 1982). Combining Kent and the present dataset would greatly improve the overall description of modern SAC diversity in general and the representation of llamas and alpacas from Peru in particular. However, only mean measurement data produced by  Kent (1982)  are available while the raw data are lost for future osteological studies.
But regardless of the size of the modern dataset, SAC diversity has drastically decreased since the Spanish conquest, as evidenced by the present study and by pre-conquest alpaca and llama varieties at the site of El Yaral  (Wheeler et al. , 1995). This loss of diversity has been driven by a genetic bottleneck  (Fan et al. , 2020)  produced by the massive extermination of domestic herds during the Spanish conquest, estimated to be as much as 90%  (Wheeler et al. , 1995; Flores Ochoa, 1982).
Here we have defined three morphogroups of SAC size (small, intermediate and large) using modern and archaeological SAC data from across their present and past distributions. At this scale, we think that a general gradient definition is more appropriate to identify SAC archaeological remains. Although our study remains a work in progress requiring the addition of new data from contemporary SAC reference collections, it remains an inexpensive method available to all zooarchaeologists for documenting past SAC diversity. It is important to continue to improve this kind of classical zooarchaeology analysis, conducting studies with available open access data and reference tools for determination of present and past SAC diversities. Nevertheless, it should be noted that our comparative approach has limitations since we could not always obtain data on the native origin and life history of the modern specimens.
There is an urgent need to improve SAC reference collections to include specimens of known origin and with life history data from across their entire range. This would be particularly important to permit the study of camelid diversity in regions such, as those in Chile, which are particularly lacking in this study. Since we have shown that only the identification of the wild taxa is reliable, we also recommend using 3D geometric morphometrics to the highest organismal resolution possible, in association with paleogenomic and isotopic proxies, to examine the domestication process across the several millennia of intensification between SAC and human societies  (Vigne et al. , 2005).
Acknowledgements: We want to thank  Joséphine Lesur  ( UMR 7209 ,  MNHN, France ) for access to the comparative anatomy collection of South American Camelids from the  Muséum National d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN, France). We appreciate the suggestions and recommendations of  Jonathan Kent  ( DSABS, MSUD, USA ) and  Erik Marsh  ( ICB, CONICET, Argentina ) which were so helpful for this paper. This research was supported by  ANR   CAMELANDES  ( ANR-15-CE27-0002-01 ). Finally, we would like to thank the two anonymous reviewers for their thorough reading and helpful remarks, and  Dr. Hunt  for editorial advice.
Acquisition and processing of Raman spectra Raman spectra were recorded with a Renishaw InVia microspectrometer, equipped with a Cobolt diode laser with a 514 nm wavelength. The laser power was set at 0. 5 mW and the acquisition time was 3 min. The recorded spectral range is 500 to 2200 cm -1. The spectral resolution is 1. 8 cm -1. The samples were deposited on a thin glass slide. Ten analyses per sample were acquired. The procedure for processing the spectra is shown in Figure  2. Fluorescence was removed by performing a linear subtraction between 1000 and 1800 cm -1. Spectra with excessive fluorescence were discarded, as they remained too noisy after subtraction. All spectra were normalized with respect to the G band. In a first step, the D and G band heights, respectively named H D , H G , the height of the valley between the D and G bands at around 1500 cm -1 named H V as well as the D and G band positions, were determined automatically with a script developed in Matlab language, which consists of calculating the extrema of a polynomial curve passing in the vicinity of the peaks (Figure  2b ).
Acknowledgments We especially thank  François Rouzaud  ( †), late  Chief Curator of Prehistoric Antiquities of Midi Pyrénées , and  Michel Soulier  for sampling the precious hearth residues of the Bruniquel cave, in 1992, which could be analyzed recently with the new available methods developed in this article. We are grateful to the  Volcanthraco  project, which enabled us to sample charcoal formed in pyroclastic flows of the Auvergne volcanoes. We greatly thank the anonymous reviewers for their helpful and constructive remarks that made the article improved.
Multivariate analysis A multivariate analysis was performed for the combination between the components analyzed. The principal component analysis (PCA) was used as a preliminary unsupervised method to summarize datasets and to visualize the distribution of the samples in different groups. The linear discriminant analysis (LDA) was chosen as a supervised method, complementary to PCA, aiming to maximize the between-group variance and to minimize the within-group one. In this study, LDA was applied on isotopic signatures of C and Sr in combination with the elemental content of elements analyzed in olive oils from Tunisia, France and Spain using OriginLab. Since the geographical origin of the samples is known, LDA was selected as the most appropriate method to build a reliable model for the geographical authentication of olive oils.
00004). These results constitute the first large-scale database for 87 Sr/ 86 Sr isotope ratio values in olive oils of different origin. The geology of Tunisia is essentially represented by sedimentary outcrops of Meso-Cenozoic and Quaternary age of predominantly calcareous-marly lithology. The samples were taken from soils developed on marllimestone and sandstone bedrocks of essentially Neogene age. The range of isotopic ratios of the Tunisian olive oils analyzed (0. 70807-0. 70884) is in agreement with the isotopic ratios of this age group  (Prokoph et al. ,2008) , as well as the Sr isotope ratios recently measured by  (Nikita et al. , 2023)  in plants collected in the northwest of Tunisia (0. 708225-0. 709477); i. e. , Mint (Mentha sp. ), Olive (olea europea), Tamarisk (Tamarix sp. ), Oleander (Nerium oleander) and Rush (Juncus sp.
Acknowledgments: The authors would like to thank all those who participated in sampling, in particular, " Huile de Chorbane" by "Karima El Bedoui " in Tunisia and  Chelo Dolado  (from  INTIA )  743  and  Arantzazu Pérez de Arenaza  (from  HAZI ) for providing us with the Basque oils. "The authors appreciate the efforts that  Richard Hong  who assisted in the analysis of the samples. This research was funded by European Project  TunTwin  from the  Horizon   2020 Framework program  of the  European Union  under grant No. 952306. It was also funded by the  French ANR  EquiPex  MARSS  project with a contribution of the  METROFOOD ESFRI  project. This work was partially supported by the  Euskadi/Nouvelle Aquitaine/Navarra Eurorregion  through the research project  ISOTOPO  (with agreement no. 2020/3 ).
Acknowledgements First thanks go to the two reviewers for their comments, which have helped us greatly improve our paper. We would also like to thank the  Directorate General for Antiquities and Museums (DGAM) of Syria  which granted the excavation permits and authorized the export of the archaeobotanical samples. We are grateful to  Éric Coqueugniot ,  Danielle Stordeur  and  Thaer Yartah  ( UMR 5133 Archéorient, Lyon ) who directed the sites of  Dja'de el-Mughara ,  Jerf el-Ahmar  and 'Abr 3 respectively. We would like to express our warm acknowledgments to  René Cappers  and  Arnoud Maurer  for giving us access to the material from  Tell Mureybet , stored at the  Groningen Institute of Archaeology. Finally, we would like to thank the organizers and the participants of the online Symposium on Neolithic Plant Management Strategies in Southwest Asia at the  University of Oxford in September 2021  for their comments on this work.
The matter of crosslinguistic comparison is addressed in the issue by Chousou-Polydouri et al. They use a specially designed database to look at alienability phenomena from multiple perspectives, considering noun possession classes and adnominal possessive constructions independently of each other. Their methodology also allows for the inclusion of languages with non-possessible noun classes and multiple non-default possession classes alongside languages with a more traditional inalienable/alienable noun class distinction. Finally, the present issue approaches the questions of the functional motivation for alienability splits and their emergence. At the synchronic level, the article by Rose offers a quantitative survey of the distribution of Mojeño Trinitario nouns of different possessive noun classes as possessed or not in discourse, following the method used in  Haspelmath (2017)  for Biblical Hebrew, Ancient Greek, and English (three languages which are known not to show an alienability contrast).
Summaries of the contributions We start the special issue with a crosslinguistic survey of differential adnominal possession by Chousou-Polydouri, Inman, Huber and Bickel. The article first carefully describes the methodology used for the survey, namely a questionnaire forming the structure of a detailed multi-level and relational database. This questionnaire investigates both the word and phrase levels, distinguishing possessive noun classes and adnominal possessive constructions. Each noun class is lexically defined by having a unique way of being possessed and not possessed (i. e. , by its noun valency and valency-changing mechanisms). The semantic domains covered by each class in individual languages are also surveyed. The article then offers the first results of this approach applied to an areally and genetically diverse sample of 120 languages.
Acknowledgments: The present special issue originates from a series of talks within the Morphosyntax Workshop of the  Dynamique Du Langage (DDL) research  unit ( CNRS/Université de Lyon ) that focused on the alienability contrast in grammar and the lexicon from September 2020 until January 2021, and included non-DDL members as well. Cristofaro 's and Bril's articles were added to the collection at a later stage. We thank the audiences of the talks and the contributors to the issue for very stimulating exchanges on the topic. The idea for this series of talks was conceived during Van linden's research stay in Lyon in that same period, and we thank the  Collegium de Lyon of the University of Lyon  and the  Dynamique Du Langage research  unit from the  LabEx ASLAN  for the necessary funding. An Van linden also acknowledges the support of the research council of  KU Leuven  (grant  C14/18/034 ) and of the  Fund for Scientific Research (F.
Thus, the CRDs are used in order to respect an ecological approach to the creativity process and are particularly used when a study is conducted outside the laboratory  (Botella 2011). The adapted diary is designed to collect both quantitative and qualitative data to track the process experienced in terms of micro levels  (Botella et al. 2016 ) and learning. The quantitative element is based on the closed questions of a CRD  (Botella et al. 2011; Botella et al. 2019 ) in order to understand the creative process experienced by future teachers and the multivariate factors involved. This element was collected immediately after the training. The students had to: 1. Check off one of the 14 stages of the creative process in which they found themselves during the creative activity: problem definition, questioning, documentation, taking into account constraints, illumination, association, experimentation, evaluation, structuring, leaving it to chance, realization, finishing, pause and abandonment.
Specifically, the goal was to understand whether the creativity course and its pedagogy had: (a) contributed to their perceptions in terms of creative training; (b) had an impact on interpersonal relationships; (c) contributed to their professional development in terms of changes in their teaching practices and (d) had an impact on their emotions. We therefore developed a grid  (Ghiglione and Matalon 1992). We determined the categories that we used to score the interview data. These categories are based on the research question and the data collected during the interview. In the interviews, we asked questions about their professional and skills development, the long-term impact of the creative course on students and any remarkable moments of creative activities. In this paper, we are interested in the social and collaborative aspects mentioned by students.
Qualitative Data In addition to the quantitative data from the CDB, we conducted four semi-structured interviews based on evocation (Vermersch 2011; Aden 2016), one and a half years after the training. These interviews helped us to understand what persisted of this creativity course and whether it had an impact on the students' teaching practices in the long term. We used a thematic analysis by listing the major themes, then we made an inductive and intuitive reading of the interviews in order to observe what the students were really expressing  (Paillé and Mucchielli 2016). In this paper we present the social and collaborative dimension expressed by the students.
Only items assessed by the majority as very and somehow representative were retained. Four items were dropped ("informative", "meaningful", "timely", and "purposive"), with nine items retained for data analysis ("beautiful", "glamorous", "elegant", "artistic", "innovative", "intriguing", "charming", "fascinating", "distinctive"). Following the in-depth interview and face validity phases, the measurement items for content aesthetic quality were developed following  Churchill (1979)  and  Netemeyer, Bearden, and Sharma (2003). First, we ran a pilot study for the model with 50 luxury buyers to check the questions' readability and clarity. All items were measured on a seven-point Likert scale, ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 7 (strongly agree). Aside from content aesthetic quality, measurement items for three engagement dimensions, specifically for cognitive processing (3 items), affection (4 items), and activation (3 items), were included  (Hollebeek et al.
Content aesthetic quality: scale purification The nine remaining items for content aesthetic quality were measured in a questionnaire using a seven-point Likert scale (1= "strongly disagree", and 7= "strongly agree"). The sample consisted of customers of luxury brands who engage with their favorite luxury brands on social media platforms. We collected data using an online consumer panel from Prolific Academic. To be included, respondents had to meet two criteria: (1) had purchased (an) item(s) from a luxury brand(s) to ensure s/he has the experience with the brand(s), and (2) engage with this luxury brand (s/he purchased) on at least one social media platform. Respondents self-reported their favorite luxury brands, how recently they had purchased from them, and their use of social media. We gathered the data once from 1,200 participants.