dataesr/scientific-paragraphs-categorization huggingface dataset:
, 2016)  in FIJI (ImageJ v1. 53). Generated masks were manually checked against raw data for consistency prior to extracting area and perimeter measurements. Only discrete lesions were measured over time i. e. no further measurements were taken in growing lesions that had collided/fused with a neighbouring lesion. For nuclear masks, DAPI images were processed with a median filter (1-2px) and an inverted LUT applied, with nuclei outlined manually using the freehand selection tool in FIJI (ImageJ v1. 53). For generating membrane GFP masks, images were processed using the Top Hat filter in ImageJ, and an inverted LUT applied prior to segmentation using the Morphological Segmentation function in MorpholibJ  (Legland et al. , 2016)  in FIJI (ImageJ v1. 53).
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The authors thank  P. Chambon  and  D. Metzger  for providing the SMACre  ERT2  ( Acta2-Cre ERT2  ) mice,  S. Tajbakhsh  for the R26 mTmG reporter line, and  L. Larue  for sharing the Catnb +/lox(ex3) line. We acknowledge the flow cytometry and cell sorting platform at  Institute Curie  for their expertise, the in vivo experimental facility for help in the maintenance and care of our mouse colony, and the experimental pathology facility at  Curie Hospital  for paraffin sample preparation. The authors especially thank  L. Sengmanivong  and  M. Irondelle  for intravital imaging support and  C. Caraban  ˜a for technical assistance with in vivo experiments. The  PICT-IBiSA imaging platform was  funded by  ANR-10-INBS-04  ( France-BioImaging ),  ANR-11 BSV2 012 01 ,  ERC ZEBRATECTUM  no.
311159 ,  ARC SFI20121205686 , and the  Schlumberger Foundation. This work was supported by  PSL* Research University, French National Research Agency (ANR)  ( ANR-15-CE13-0013-01 ),  FRM Equipes  ( EQU201903007821 ),  FSER (Schlumberger Foundation ) ( FSER20200211117 ), and  Labex DEEP  ( ANR-11-LBX-0044 ). B. L. -L. is also funded by a  Vice-Chancellor's Research Fellowship  from the  University of Bristol  and acknowledges support from the  Academy of Medical Sciences/Wellcome Trust/the Government Department of Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy/British Heart Foundation/Diabetes UK   Springboard Award  [ SBF003/1170 ],  Elizabeth Blackwell Institute for Health Research (University of Bristol ), and  Wellcome Trust Institutional Strategic Support Fund  ( 204813/Z/16/Z ).
Most associations of SCD-specific characteristics with amyloid positivity were only seen in a research setting, implicating potential value within research settings. The lack of associations with amyloid positivity of these SCD-specific characteristics in clinical settings could mean that they are of less value within clinical settings. In the present study, we combined data collected within a large number of cohorts in different settings to examine associations between AD risk factors and SCD characteristics and amyloid positivity. A limitation of our study is that most cohorts only collected data on a subset of characteristics of the subjective complaints. This may be explained by the fact that most cohorts started data collection before the introduction of the SCD research criteria and that collection of these characteristics has not been fully implemented in clinical and research practice.
This work has been performed during his previous position at Sorbonne University, Paris, France. At Sorbonne University he was supported by the AXA Research Fund, the "Fondation partenariale Sorbonne Université" and the "Fondation pour la Recherche sur Alzheimer," Paris, France. Betty M. Tijms is inventor on patent on biological subtypes in AD, No. PCT/NL2020/050216 (owner stichting VUmc). Frans Verhey reports receiving research support from Profile, EMR Interreg DISTINCT H2020 All to our institution. Frank Jessen reports receiving research support for the present manuscript from German Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders (DZNE); personal fees for lectures from Lilly and Roche; and personal fees for participating on Data Safety Monitoring Boards or Advisory Boards of Abbvie, AC Immune, Biogen, Böhringer, Danone, Eisai, GE Healthcare, Green Valley, hummingbird, Janssen, MSDOM Pharma, Roche, and Vifer; Executive committee German Psychiatric Association (DGPPN) Vice chair European Alzheimer's Disease Consortium (EADC).
ADNI) database (adni. loni. usc. edu). As such, the investigators within the ADNI contributed to the design and implementation of ADNI and/or provided data, but they did not participate in analysis or writing of this report. A complete listing of ADNI investigators can be found at: http://adni. loni. usc. edu/wp-from Eisai, Functional Neuromodulation, Axovant, Eli Lilly and company, Takeda and Zinfandel, GE-Healthcare, and Oryzon Genomics; consultancy fees from Qynapse, Jung Diagnostics, Cytox Ltd. , Axovant, Anavex, Takeda and Zinfandel, GE Healthcare, Oryzon Genomics, and Functional Neuromodulation; and participated in scientific advisory boards of Functional Neuromodulation, Axovant, Eisai, Eli Lilly and company, Cytox Ltd. , GE Healthcare, Takeda and Zinfandel, Oryzon Genomics, and Roche Diagnostics.
He is co-inventor in the following patents as a scientific expert and has received no royalties: In Vitro Multiparameter Determination Method for The Diagno- Framework Program (FP7/2007-2013) and EFPIA companies' in kind PERIS research program SLT006/17/125 to DA; consulting fees for contribution. his participation in advisory boards from Fujirebio-Europe and Roche The Fundació ACE Healthy Brain Initaitive (FACEHBI) study was Diagnostics; speaker honoraria from Fujirebio-Europe, Roche Diagnos- supported by funds from Fundació ACE Institut Català de Neurocièn-tics, Nutricia, Krka Farmacéutica S. L. , Zambon S. A. U. and Esteve Phar- cies Aplicades, Grifols, Life Molecular Imaging, Araclon Biotech, Alkah-maceuticals S. A. ; and support for attending meetings from Nutricia. est, Laboratorio de análisis Echevarne and IrsiCaixa.
pany; and Transition Therapeutics. The Canadian Institutes of Health obtained from the LeARN study and prepared by Ron Handels. The Samantha Burnham reports receiving research support from Research is providing funds to support ADNI clinical sites in Canada. LeARN study was performed within the framework of CTMM, the Cen-grants NHMRC GNT1161706, NHMRC GNT1156891, NHMRC Private sector contributions are facilitated by the Foundation for the ter for Translational Molecular Medicine, a Dutch public-private part-GNT1191535, NHMRC GNT2001320, and NHMRC MRFF117 1338. National Institutes of Health (www. fnih. org). The grantee organization nership; project LeARN (grant 02 N-101). Marion Delarue reports wages for my work in Chetelat's lab is the Northern California Institute for Research and Education, and The Amyloid Biomarker Study was supported by Biogen, which pro-(U1237-PhIND) at Caen paid by INSERM or University of Caen Nor- the study is coordinated by the Alzheimer's Therapeutic Research vided financial support for the conduct of the research.
program (htpp://douglas. research. mcgill. ca/stop-ad-centre), data Hilkka Soininen reports grants from the Academy of Finland, Euro- release 5. 0 (November 30, 2017). As such, the investigators of the the longitudinal relationship pean Union, and Danone which were paid to institution; as well as PREVENT-AD program contributed to the design and implementation between SCD characteristics with amyloid and other AD biomarkers, personal consultation fee from Novo Nordisk; personal payment for of PREVENT-AD and/or provided data but did not participate in as well as associations with clinical progression are important areas membership of a Data Safety Monitoring Board, of ACImmune. Se also analysis or writing of this report. A complete listing of PREVENT- for future research. Future research might also examine this longitu-reports having been the head of the board of Muistiliitto, which is the AD Research Group can be find in the PREVENT-AD database: dinal relationship in individuals with evidence of both amyloidosis and Finnish Alzheimer Association from 2018-2020 for which no payment http://preventad.
Forty-five percent (114) of all deaths occurred within 30 days, and 40% of these were from intracranial/intraspinal hemorrhage (ICH). The rates of any bleeding and all-cause death were lower with NOACs than with VKAs. Major bleeding was associated with the highest risk of death. CRNM bleeding and minor bleeding were associated with a higher risk of death compared to no bleeding. Death within 30 days after a major bleed was most frequently related to ICH. This trial was registered at www. clinicaltrials. gov as #NCT01090362.
20 We used standardized definitions for clinical events. 17, 18 Bleeding severity was defined as major, clinically relevant nonmajor (CRNM), and minor bleeding according to the International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis scale  17, 18  (details in supplemental Material). Data for this report were extracted from the study database on 19 November 2018. Collection of follow-up data using an electronic case report (eCRF) form occurred at 4 monthly intervals up to 24 months or until death or loss to follow-up, whichever occurred first. Submitted data were examined for completeness and accuracy by the coordinating center (Thrombosis Research Institute, London, United Kingdom), and data queries were sent to study sites. In accordance with the study protocol, 20% of all eCRFs were monitored against source documentation.
22 Single imputation was applied for missing data. For predictors of major bleeding (vs those without a major bleed), a LASSO (least absolute shrinkage and selection operator) model was used for a single imputation data set. The HRs and corresponding standard errors for the final model of major bleeding were derived across 5 multiple imputed data sets that had been generated applying the Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methodology. Comparative effectiveness of treatments was calculated using the subset of patients from cohorts 3 to 5 (when NOACs were available), with a CHA 2 DS 2 -VASc $2 in men and $3 in women, without OAC treatment prior to enrolment and who were prescribed a VKA or a NOAC at baseline. HRs for NOACs vs VKAs were obtained using a Cox proportional hazards model using a propensity method of overlap weighting to balance covariates in the population.
28 In addition, AP agents and VKAs remain widely prescribed in several Asian countries in whom target international normalized ratio in VKAtreated patients is lower than in non-Asian countries. [31]  Previous reports derived from RCTs, retrospective populationbased registries, health care databases, or prospective registries deliver a common message, though with some degree of heterogeneity across reports. Meta-analyses of RCTs show that NOAC use is associated with a lower risk of stroke/SE, ICH, and death than VKA use,  16, 32, 33  with some heterogeneity across NOACs. 33 The message about major bleeding is less consistent. A lower risk of major bleeding was reported in Hicks meta-analysis that included phase 2 trials data in addition to all phase 3 RCTs,  32  but neither in Ruff meta-analysis  16  nor in Tereshchenko network meta-analysis.
33 A lower risk of ICH was reported in Ruff and Hicks meta-analyses. 16, 32 In Tereshchenko meta-analysis, ICH was a component of the definition of major bleeding. 33  retrospective analyses of population-based or health care databases, heterogeneity was also found across NOAC subtypes in regard to risks of major bleeding and ICH. Major bleeding risk was found reduced in 2 analyses  34, 35  and ICH in 3. [34] [35] [36]  All 3 studies tended to show that apixaban and dabigatran had a more favorable efficacy/safety risk profile than other OACs. In the ORBIT-AF 2   registry, the risk of major bleeding and ICH rates was not significantly different between NOACs and VKAs use. 37 ese differences may be inherent to the varied populations analyzed in these reports. Baseline characteristics differ in RCTs compared with cohort studies and prospective registries.
The quality of retrospective analyses depends on the completeness of data collection. In addition, the outcomes are affected by the impact of recall bias and survivorship bias. 38 In addition, differences in code schemas used to assess rates and severity of bleeding may result in marked differences, even from analyses of the same database. 39 rospective registries provide a more robust model for collecting data and outcomes. The prospective nature of GARFIELD-AF registry as well as the use of the same bleeding scale (International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis) as in RCTs may explain the differences between our study and previous analyses.
Strengths and limitations This report is based on prospective data collected worldwide that are representative of real-world practice. Our data are robust, as per protocol, 20% of all eCRFs were monitored against source documentation. Our study did not assess efficacy/safety profile of the different NOAC subtypes; the steering committee made a decision at the beginning of the registry not to pursue this question when an RCT had not been first performed. We cannot provide detailed information about postbleeding management. Data on noncardiovascular medications (such as proton pump inhibitors) were not collected. The severity of bleeding and cause of death were not independently adjudicated.
Acknowledgments The authors thank the physicians, nurses, and patients involved in the GARFIELD-AF registry. Programming support was provided by  Madhusudana Rao  ( TRI, London, United Kingdom ). Editorial support was provided by  Surekha Damineni  ( TRI ). The GARFIELD-AF registry is sponsored by the  Thrombosis Research Institute, London ,  United Kingdom , and is supported by an unrestricted research grant from  Bayer AG, Berlin, Germany. The work is supported by the  Kantor Charitable Foundation  for the  Kantor-Kakkar Global Centre for Thrombosis Science.
Data source Individual patient level data was obtained from the STEPS (NCT00798967; EudraCT2008-006193-15) and STEPS-2 trials (NCT00930644; EudraCT2009-011679-65)  [18, 19]. STEPS was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multinational phase III study of teduglutide to evaluate efficacy after 24 weeks of treatment (compared to placebo) in patients with PS-dependent SBS. The trial enrolled 86 patients randomized 1:1 to receive teduglutide or placebo, and outcomes included information collected on PS and Short Bowel Syndrome-Quality of Life scale score. STEPS-2 was a two-year open-label extension study to assess the long-term safety and durability of effect of 0. 05 mg/kg/day teduglutide administered via subcutaneous injection in patients who completed, participated in, or qualified for participation in STEPS.
Of the 43 teduglutide-treated patients in STEPS, 37 continued into STEPS-2. This analysis included patients treated with teduglutide in STEPS who could continue to STEPS-2. The present study was a post-hoc analysis of previously published data from clinical trials. Thus, no institutional review board (IRB) approval was required. Information regarding IRB approvals and patient consent collected during the original trials can be found in their publications  [18, 19].
Baseline characteristics of early vs. later responders. Patient characteristics were described and compared between early vs. late responders. All patient characteristics were assessed during the baseline period of the STEPS trial. P-values for comparison were calculated using Chi-square tests for categorical variables and Wilcoxon rank sum tests for continuous variables. 2. 2. 2. 3. Time to response of early vs. late responders. Time to response for the early and late responders was calculated as the difference between the date of the second consecutive visit at which PS volume reduction was 20% and the date of the baseline visit of STEPS. The time was reported as arithmetic mean and SD in months. All analyses were conducted using SAS 9. 2. Statistical significance was assessed at the 0. 05 level.
Acknowledgements This work was funded in part by an endowment in Cardiovascular Bioengineering from the  AXA Research Fund  (to A. I. B. ), a doctoral fellowship from  Ecole Polytechnique  (to C. A. D. ), a postdoctoral fellowship from the  Lefoulon-Dellalande Foundation  (to C. L. ). A. C. was supported by a research grant from the  LaSIPS Laboratory of Excellence  (to A. I. B. ).
Background Reinvigoration of anti-tumor immunity via immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) has transformed outcomes in a-NSCLC. However, a majority of patients are innately resistant to ICB, and a better understanding of the resistance mechanisms may guide the development of new treatment strategies and therapies for patients. Methods Biopsies performed immediately before treatment with single agent ICB in patients with a-NSCLC (MATCH-R trial [NCT02517892]) were analyzed. The stromal microenvironment and immune context were characterized via an integrated analysis of whole transcriptome (RNA-seq), whole exome sequencing (WES), and immunohistochemistry (IHC) of CD3, CD8, FOXP3 and PDL1. Specifically, the immune context and the relative abundance of 10 immune and stromal cell types were assessed with integrated IHC and Cell Populations-counter (MCP-counter) [1] analysis of the RNA-seq.
Six oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions were prepared: with pea protein isolate and sunflower oil (PP/S) or flaxseed oil (PP/F) without antioxidants; with pea protein isolate, sunflower oil and 0. 004 g/100 g of propyl gallate (PP/S-PG1) or 0. 02 g/100 g of propyl gallate (PP/S-PG2) or 0. 01 g/100 g of α-tocopherol (PP/S-αT); with pea protein isolate, flaxseed oil and 0. 004 g/100 g of propyl gallate (PP/F-PG1). The concentrations of antioxidants were chosen based on data from the International Food Standards  (Codex Alimentarius Commission, 2017). Droplet size distributions from the emulsions obtained and mean volume diameters (D 4,3 ) were measured using a laser diffraction instrument, the Malvern MasterSizer 2000 (Malvern Instruments Ltd, Malvern, Worcestershire, UK). Emulsion morphology was observed with optical microscopy using a Leica DM2700M optical microscope (Leica Microsystems, Wetzlar, Germany).
Oxidation of encapsulated oil and the corresponding bulk oil was monitored during storage over 10 months (300 days) using the Rancimat method. Data obtained from these experiments are shown in Table  1. At t 0 , the time immediately after microparticle preparation, all samples of encapsulated oils demonstrated a significant increase in oxidative stability compared to unencapsulated oil. These results confirm the efficacy of the microencapsulation process for protecting oil and delaying its oxidation. The amount of oil retention in the pea protein matrix (or the efficiency of encapsulation) is 88 ± 2% (see previous study (Le  Priol et al. , 2019) ). Coating wall material prevents the diffusion of small molecules, such as oxygen, into the microparticle and enhances the oxidative stability of the encapsulated oil.
Acknowledgements This work has been performed, in partnership with the SAS PIVERT, within the frame of the  French Institute for the Energy Transition (Institut pour la Transition Energétique (ITE)) P. I. V. E. R. T. (www. institut-pivert. com)selected as an  Investments for the Future (Investissements d'Avenir). This work was supported, as part of these Investments for the Future, by the  French Government  under the reference  ANR-001-01.
Introduction: The aim of the study was to estimate the phenotype of retinal vessels using CRAE (central retinal artery equivalent), CRVE (central retinal vein equivalent), tortuosity and fractal analysis in the unaffected contralateral eye of patients with central (CRVO) or branch (BRVO) retinal vein occlusion. Methods: 34 patients suffering from CRVO, 15 suffering from BRVO and 49 controlled-matched subjects had a fundus image analyzed using the VAMPIRE software. The intraclass correlation coefficient and a Bland-Altman plot were done for the reproducibility study. Results: There was a lack of evidence of difference between the control group and the CRVO group for CRAE (p=0. 06), CRVE (p=0. 3) and arterio-venule ratio (AVR, p=0. 6). Contralateral eyes of CRVO exhibited a significantly higher arterial and minimum arterial tortuosity values (p=0.
The study of vessel caliber and tortuosity merits further consideration since it is not known whether a patient's vessel network promotes the onset of RVO, independently of association with cardiovascular risk factors. We hypothesize that the retinal phenotype (vasculature morphometry) may be associated with the occurrence of RVO. The analysis of fundus camera images offers a non-invasive measurement method to study the vascular retinal network. The vascular morphological phenotype (including tortuosity and fractal dimension) provides information on the architecture and geometry of the vessel network, which determines the efficiency of blood circulation. We used the VAMPIRE (Vessel Assessment and Measurement Platform for Images of the Retina, Universities of Edinburgh and Dundee) software, which enables a detailed quantitative analysis of the vascular morphometry 3.
Statistical analysis Statistical analysis was performed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences program (SPSS 17. 0 for Windows, Chicago, IL, USA). Quantitative data were expressed as mean and standard deviation (SD), after checking the normality of data. The intraclass correlation coefficient with a confidence interval of 95% and a Bland-Altman plot were done for the reproducibility study. Mean comparisons were studied using two-tailed ttest. Statistical significance was set at p<0. 05.
This difference is not likely associated with diabetes and systemic hypertension since these factors were well balanced with the control group. Factors known to have an impact on tortuosity were not significantly involved in our series (refraction, race). The significance of this result should be confirmed in further studies and other associated factors should be investigated, such as cardiovascular diseases (such as ischemic heart disease 16, obesity 15, dyslipidemia 22 and renal dysfunction 23. Strengths on this study were (a) the excellent inter-and intra-observer agreement (above 0. 9 and 0. 8 respectively) using VAMPIRE, consistent with that described in other studies using this software 24,25, and (b) matching of the control group on potential confusion factors (hypertension, age, diabetes).
Purpose: While patient's reported autonomy (PRA) may help the physician to adapt the day of discharge, the link between postoperative ileus and length of stay and PRA is not known. The aim of this study was to evaluate the evolution of the PRA score during the postoperative period and to determine the factors possibly influencing such an evolution. Methods: This retrospective study on a prospective database took place in a single center over 14 months. PRA was defined by the by using part I of the Groningen Activity Restriction Scale known as activity of daily life (from 9(best) to 45(worst)). Results: Among the 101 patients operated on for elective or emergent colorectal surgery, 80% of the patients had recovered their preoperative PRA(+/-5 points) before discharge and maintained their PRA during the 2 days preceding discharge.
Material and methods One hundred and one patients (101) operated on for elective or emergent colorectal surgery between 01. 01. 2018 and 02. 28. 2019, and whose information on autonomy was available, were included in this retrospective study carried out on a prospective database. The prospective database was developed via the GRACE-audit website provided by the French Speaking Group for Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (GRACE) to perform an audit on the compliance of our ERP after colorectal surgery. The data of the patients' reported autonomy were collected in an associated database. Patients whose autonomy score was not reported, who had cognitive trouble, who refused to participate in the study, who required immediate postoperative intensive care or who did not speak French were excluded, nor were those whose surgical procedure was not carried out.