dataesr/scientific-paragraphs-categorization huggingface dataset:
Bactericidal activity and antimicrobial resistance. Time-kill studies of B. cereus ATCC 14579 are performed to assess glycoside 1 bacteriostatic or bactericidal activity, in parallel to the generation of its analog library of compounds. The broth microdilution method according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines  15  is chosen for the simultaneous data assessment by varying multiple experimental conditions, but the MIC values obtained are twofold higher than those above disclosed for the agar dilution method. The time-kill assay is accomplished with a temporal resolution of 10 min, the minimal time required for sampling, at the concentrations of 4-32 µg mL -1 (Supplementary Fig 8, Supplementary Table  2 ). Although the resolution is far superior to the traditional method collecting results hourly, at 10 6 starting cell concentration the kinetics of bacterial cell death cannot be detected at 16 µg mL -1 compound concentration or higher, due to complete cell death, observed at the first temporal point.
By using Phenotype MicroArray-based approach  16, 17  , the differential analysis of B. cereus ATCC 14579 metabolism shows selective inhibition to several carbon sources. The associated metabolic pathways are identified according to the KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) database and hierarchical mapped (Supplementary Fig 9). Several clusters are identified, yielding as main targets the environmental information processing systems, namely ABC transport systems and phosphotransferases (PTS). Given the surfactant properties of these glycosides, differentiation between specific vs. non-specific mode of action can only be done by exclusion, since the surfactant effect is present. Hence, a genetic dissection for protein target assessment is carried out. A mutant library is created by random transposition, using B.
Acknowledgements The  European Union  is gratefully acknowledged for the support of the project " Diagnostic and Drug Discovery Initiative for Alzheimer's Disease " ( D3i4AD ),  FP7-PEOPLE-2013-IAPP, GA 612347. We thank the Management Authorities of the  European Regional Development Fund  and the National Strategic Reference Framework for the support of the  Incentive System-Research and Technological Development Co-Promotion   FACIB  Project number  21457. Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia is also acknowledged for the support of projects  UID/Multi/0612/2013 ,  FCT/UID/ Multi/04046/ 2013 ,  IF/00808/2013/CP1159/CT0003 ,  PTDC/BBBBQB/6071/2014 , as well as for the post-doc grant  SFRH/BPD/42567/2007  (A. M. ), the  Ph. D. grants  SFRH/BDE/51998/2012  (C. D. ), and  SFRH/BDE/51957/2012  (J.
Adjudicated Final Diagnosis To establish the final diagnosis at discharge for each patient, 2 independent cardiologists-blinded to the results of A 2A R pharmacological characteristics-reviewed all available medical records (including patient history, physical examination, results of laboratory tests, exercise stress testing, ICA, and FRR) from the time of emergency/cardiac department presentation to discharge. In case of diagnosis disagreement, data were reviewed and adjudicated in conjunction with a third cardiologist.
The filter was incubated with an anti-A 2A R monoclonal antibody (Adonis, 1 lg/mL)  14  ; staining was performed using horseradish peroxidase-labeled anti-mouse antibodies and enhanced chemiluminescence substrate. The 45 kDa bands corresponding to A 2A R were submitted to densitometry analysis using the Image J 1. 42q software (National Institutes of Health) and results are expressed as arbitrary units (AU; ratio of pixels generated by the A 2A R band to pixels generated by the background signal). The method for background evaluation involves determining the pixel density of an open area of blot (a rectangle) that is the same size as the area of blot that is used for the determination of A 2A R. Total protein load per line was also further estimated by monitoring an irrelevant band always present below A 2A R.
5, 17 Only the blotted kappa light chain (25 kDa) was visualized using an image station (Kodack Rochester, NY) after incubation of the membrane with peroxidase-labeled anti-mouse l-chain antibodies and a chemiluminescent substrate. The bands were submitted to densitometry analysis (NIH Image software) and values expressed as AU (ie, pixels generated by the light chain band versus pixels generated by the background signal). K D was evaluated via densitometry analysis of the A 2A R band obtained following the use of the 6 increasing concentrations of Adonis. EC 50 was defined as the concentration of Adonis that led to half of the maximal cAMP production when incubated with PBMC. 15, 16 cAMP production measurement has been previously described. 13 Briefly, we addressed the cAMP production level of PBMC (0.
75910 6 cells/test) induced by incubation of increasing doses of the agonist-like Adonis in the presence of 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine 500 lmol/L as a phosphodiesterase inhibitor using the Amersham Biotrak Kit (GE healthcare Bio-Sciences, Upsala, Sweden). Dodecyl-trimethyl-ammonium bromide acetate buffer was used to stop the incubation step. The competitive enzyme immunoassay was carried out in microplate according to the manufacturer's instructions and optical density (OD; 450 nm) was measured. Wells without cells were used to determine nonspecific binding OD. Results were expressed as percent of standard or sample ODÀnonspecific binding OD versus zero standard ODÀnonspecific binding OD. A standard curve from 0 to 6400 pg/well was generated to quantify cAMP production. K D and EC 50 values were calculated using non-linear regression analysis (Prism â software; GraphPad Software, San Diego, CA).
The lookup table was generated using the tropospheric ultraviolet and visible (TUV) radiative transfer model  [26]. SZA is determined based on GPS location and time. The user latitude, longitude, and time are also used to extract the forecast ozone amount from satellite-measurements. In this conversion, the effects of clouds and aerosols are assumed to be similar at UVA and UVB wavelengths. It should be noted however, that for some organic aerosols (which are ubiquitous in densely populated areas) aerosol extinctions will generally be larger in the UVB region than in the UVA region. Thus the predicted UVB using this method will represent an upper limit. Ozone column amount data (measured in Dobson Units, DU, where 1 DU = 2. 69 x10 16 molecules per square centimetre), are extracted from daily global fields of ozone at the National Centers for Environmental Prediction at National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NCEP/NOAA).
Two original copies for each subject participating in the study were signed. One original was intended for the subject, another one for the Investigator File. The consent statement met the requirements of applicable regulation. The Investigator informed each subject as to the purpose and nature of the study in compliance with applicable regulations. The signed Informed Consent Form was obtained before engaging any study procedure with the subject. The multi-country data was anonymous and the consent for each user was obtained from users who downloaded from the App Store and Google Play. Digital regulations on data collection were followed.
received funding from L'Oreal. Author Alex Seewald was employed by MyStudioFactory at the time of the study and received funding from  L'Oreal. the time of the study and received research funding from  L'Oreal. The research presented in this paper resulted in a commercial product My UV Patch launched by  La Roche-Posay Dermatological Laboratories , L'Oreal. This commercial affiliation does not alter our adherence to PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials. funding was provided by  L'Oreal Research and Innovation. were employed by  MC10 Inc. at the time of study and received funding from  L'Oreal Research and Innovation. Author Alex Seewald was employed by MyStudioFactory at the time of the study and received funding from  L'Oreal Research and Innovation. Authors:  Hitoshi Araki ,  Anthony Banks  and  John Rogers  received funding from  L'Oreal Research and Innovation.
Probabilities of mechanical ventilation requirement Covariates balances before and after weighting are reported in the Supplementary Data. Figure  1B  displays the prevalence of intubation on the coming day from admission to day 2, in the original and weighted samples, and Table  3  reports the estimated effect of oxygenation strategy at each of these days in both datasets. Using standard logistic estimation on the original sample, OR for intubation at day 1 was significantly higher in the NIV group (OR: 2. 05, 95 CI: 1. 29-3. 29) and HFNC group (OR: 2. 85, 95 CI: 1. 37-5. 67) than those in the standard oxygen group. These differences were no longer significant in the weighted samples. Using pooled model, we observed no effect of the oxygenation strategy on intubation, regardless of the oxygenation devices (Table  3 ).
Data source This study is a post hoc joint analysis of three previously published studies conducted in critically ill immunocompromised patients. Details of each study have been described previously  [5, 13, 26]. Supplementary Table  1  summarizes their main characteristics. Data reported in Tables 1-3 were prospectively collected. In all studies, hypoxemic ARF was defined by tachypnea (respiratory frequency > 30/min), respiratory distress, labored breathing, oxygen saturation less than 90% or PaO2 less than 60 mmHg on room air and need for > 6l min of standard oxygen without hypercapnia (paCO2 > 50 mmHg). The decision to perform endotracheal intubation was left to clinicians in charge at each ICU. The appropriate ethics committees approved each individual study. Immunosuppression was defined by a hematological malignancy, a solid tumor requiring treatment since less than 5 years, long term (>3 months) or high dose (>1 mg/kg) steroids, any other immunosuppressive drug, solid organ transplant or primary immune deficiency.
Resulted weighted datasets defined so-called "pseudopopulation" at each day, were analyzed using a weighted logistic regression that allowed taking into account the effect of time-varying exposure on the outcome (MV on the coming day or not) based on the weighted dataset. Then, after pooling individual patient data for the three days, marginal model applied with further adjustment on the day of exposure. Effects were summarized as odds ratio (ORs) with respective 95% confidence intervals (95 CIs). Analyses were rerun to assess the effect of exposure, when considering the 4 strategies separately. Sensitivity analyses also investigated evidence that treatment effect varies substantially among different subsets of patients, defined by the study and the main diagnosis of ARF, based on the Gail and Simon statistics  [29].
Methods 4 cross-sectional surveys were used to summarize the prevalence of smoking in Greece using the "Kaparesearch" Surveys and Statistics Company surveys of 2012 (S12) and 2017 (S17) and two surveys from the Hellenic Statistical Authority (HSA) conducted in 2009 (S09) and 2014 (S14). For surveys S12 and S17, 1,066 individuals in 2012 and 2,054 in 2017 >17 years of age, were interviewed by telephone using an electronic questionnaire. Surveys S09 and S14 included a sample of 6,172 and 8,223 individuals, respectively, via in-person interviews. Annual data on legally taxed cigarettes in Greece from 2007 to 2016 were also obtained from the Hellenic Ministry of Economy and Development.
Conclusions Smoking prevalence in Greece has been steadily declining from 2009 to 2017 and supported by a parallel trend in billions of cigarettes taxed over time. This reduction was especially apparent among youth, which indicates the possible role of implemented school-based intervention programs. Introduction In Croatia GYTS (Global Youth Tobacco Survey) was conducted in 2016, while HBSC was conducted in 2014. Objectives: Comparison of HBSC and GYTS data on smoking.
Methods This intervention would record data from two sources: the clinical study and public study. The patients in clinical study will be recruited in smoking cessation centers in Taiwan with 50 patients in the intervention group using the mobile app, and 50 patients in control group. They will be followed-up for 6 months and their expired carbon monoxide and urine cotinine levels will be used for the assessment of being smoke-free. In public study, web users intended to quit smoking will be able to download the same mobile app and randomly allocated to an intervention group, receiving personalized motivational messages or to a control group that receives basic motivational messages. They will also be assessed through routine self-reported questionnaires for 6 months.
Results Pre-post evaluation data suggests the TiTAN project has had a significant influence on provider's attitudes and confidence in tobacco treatment delivery. Local adaptation, and clinical leadership have been important parts of the TiTAN program's success. Teaching techniques such as role-play, interactive case studies, booster training, and social media have been used to enhance clinician skill and confidence in tobacco treatment delivery. An overview of the evidence-based techniques, key messages and training materials which have been designed for use in the TiTAN project will be presented. Facilitators and challenges faced in the scale-up of the TiTAN network will be discussed. The CTTS program has been shown to decrease smoking in populations within the United States. The program was adapted into a 1 ½ day training for Macedonian physicians.
Methods A longitudinal survey was conducted at baseline, immediate post-intervention (knowledge only), and 6-and 12-months postintervention. Data were analyzed in SPSS (version 25). Data are analyzed through 6-months post-intervention. Analysis included descriptive data, bivariate analysis to determine significant changes across time, and multivariate analysis to further refine associations between physician demographic characteristics, physician personal smoking history, and changes in knowledge and self-efficacy for counseling between baseline and 6-months post-intervention. In addition, weekly data has been collected from physicians regarding their engagement in tobacco counseling with patients.
A cross sectional descriptive study was conducted among 390 undergraduate students residing in the halls at the University of Ibadan. Data were obtained using a semi-structured questionnaire and analysed with SPSS 21. A Likert scale was used to determine the harm perception of waterpipe tobacco smoking by current smokers while Bi-variate analysis was used to test for associations and correlates of favourable harm perception. The study revealed that mean age of initiation of WPS was 18. 5 ± 2. 7years, 7. 8% were ever users while 3. 9% were current users with an intermittent pattern of use. 33% of current waterpipe users had favourable harm perception while 67% of them had unfavourable harm perception. Health warnings on shisha smoking packages and considering of shisha use as smoking were significant correlates of favourable harm perception while Shisha smoking among siblings of respondents, knowledge of waterpipe (Shisha) instrument, sex, current cigarette smoking status, and shisha smokers among friends were not significant.
Conclusions Participants in countries where an anti-smoking advertising campaign happened in the last 2 years, had the highest odds to report exposure to anti-smoking advertising. Participants exposed to anti-smoking advertising were more likely to make a quit attempt than those not exposed. However, exposure to antismoking advertising was not associated with health knowledge. Introduction The current study aimed to examine the effect of passive exposure to e-cigarette emissions on respiratory mechanics and exhaled inflammatory biomarkers. The study was part of the European project, "Tackling second hand tobacco smoke and e-cigarette emissions: exposure assessment, novel interventions, impact on lung diseases and economic burden in diverse European populations" (TackSHS Project, Work Package 6, ClinicalTrials.
Methods We used baseline data (2016) of the International Tobacco Control 6 European (ITC 6E Country Survey) under the EUREST-PLUS Project and part of the larger ITC Project, conducted in national representative samples of 1,000 adult smokers per country in Germany, Greece, Hungary, Poland, Romania, and Spain. This analysis focuses on participants' awareness of e-cigarettes (n=4,142). We described the prevalence of e-cigarette use in different settings as seen by participants in the last month (general public places, indoor settings banning smoking cigarettes, and workplaces) overall, by socio-demographics and according to participants' e-cigarette use. We described how frequently nonusers felt exposed to e-cigarette aerosols by independent variables, and how comfortable users felt using e-cigarettes around other people, overall and by country.
Methods Volunteers were recruited and consented at St George's University of London. Volunteers were allowed to select their own EC and e-fluid including nicotine concentration. Blood, saliva, urine and buccal cell samples and questionnaire data (nicotine dependence, withdrawal, anxiety, depression, mood, quality of life and sleep quality) were collected at baseline (day-2 and day-1) and throughout the 28-day EC trial (days 3,21,28) and EEG data (eyes open-eyes fixed-eyes closed, each 3 x 30s) were collected at baseline (day-1) and on EC day 21. Nicotine, cotinine, NNK, NNAL and NNN were determined by UHPLC-HESI-HRMS, 5methyl cytosine by HPLC and oxytocin and cortisol by ELISA.
Results Monitoring and surveillance of tobacco use and tobacco control is well evaluated by WHO. Poland disposes a big spectrum of studies and long-term database on tobacco-related problems. Data on cigarette consumption are collected since 1923 and surveillance on smoking behaviors in adult population is conducted since 1974. Age-specific data on lung cancer incidence and mortality in Poland are available since the beginning of 1960s. However, there are some gaps in monitoring tobacco use, its health consequences and tobacco control programs and policies in Poland. The main problem is a lack of long-term strategy for research capacity building in tobacco control and the low level of funding for such studies. Most of studies are conducted by various public stakeholders and within different public health programs.
Funding This work was supported by AH's 4-year British Heat Foundation PhD Studentship at UCL (FS/13/59/30649). RW and IT salaries are funded by a programme grant from Cancer Research UK (CRUK; C1417/A22962). The funding bodies had no role in the study design, data analysis or preparation of the present manuscript. Tob. Prev. Cessation 2018;4(Supplement):A132 DOI: 10. 18332/tpc/90467.
Methods Systematic review and meta-analysis were carried out. PRISMA guidelines were followed. A search between January 1995 and February 2015 was performed in PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases. The inclusion criteria were: 1)Original scientific studies concerning SFL, 2) With data before and after its implementation and 3) assessment of the impact of SFL on respiratory diseases. A meta-analysis was performed using the Review Manager (RevMan, version 5. 3). The effect of SFL was estimated by risk ratios (RR) and risk difference (RD). Pooled effect measures were computed applying the inverse-variance method in a randomeffect model. Heterogeneity was quantified with the I2 statistic. Prevention and Health Promotion in Primary Care (redIAPP, RD12/0005/0001; RD16/0007/0001), co-financed with European Union ERDF funds.
EUREST-PLUS Study takes place with the financial support of the European Commission, Horizon 2020 HCO-6-2015 program (EUREST-PLUS: 681109; C. Vardavas) and the University of Waterloo (GT. Fong). Additional support was provided to the University of Waterloo by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (FDN-148477). GT. Fong was supported by a Senior Investigator Grant from the Ontario Institute for Cancer Research.
Waived by  ENSP  through an operating grant from the  European Commission  to ENSP. Disclaimer: This journal is currently funded by the  3rd Health Programme  of the  European Union. Neither the European Commission nor any person acting on behalf of the  European Commission  is responsible for the use which might be made of the information contained herein. The views in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the policies  Arben Lila );  Kyiv Health Center (Otto Stoyka) ;  Russian Public Health Association (Andrey Demin) ;  Slovenian Coalition for Tobacco Control (Mihaela Lovše) ;  Società Italiana di Tabaccologia  ( Maria Sofia Cattaruzza ); This work is not funded by any grant. This research was supported by the  Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness  (Project reference:  PSI2015-66755-R ) and co-financed by  FEDER  ( European Regional Development Fund ; pluri-annual plan  2014-2020 ).
Funding The campaigns were largely funded by our own ONG and part of the costs were funded by the  Flemish Government. Tob. Prev. Cessation 2018;4(Supplement): A10 DOI: 10. 18332/tpc/90111 Funding This research has been funded by the  Foundation for Healthcare Training and Research (FFIS)  of the Murcia Region, Spainhttps://www. ffis. es/Tob. Prev. Cessation 2018;4(Supplement): A11 DOI: 10. 18332/tpc/90709 Funding This work was supported by a grant from the  European Commission  ( Horizon2020 HCO-6-2015 ;  EUREST-PLUS: 681109 ). Tob. Prev. Cessation 2018;4(Supplement): A12 DOI: 10. 18332/tpc/91099 Funding This work was supported by a grant from the  European Commission  ( Horizon2020 HCO-6-2015 ;  EUREST-PLUS: 681109 ). Tob. Prev. Cessation 2018;4(Supplement): A13 DOI: 10. 18332/tpc/91100 Funding This work was supported by a grant from the  European Commission  ( Horizon2020 HCO-6-2015 ;  EUREST-PLUS: 681109 ).
Tob. Prev. Cessation 2018;4(Supplement): A14 DOI: 10. 18332/tpc/91101 Funding This work was supported by a grant from the  European Commission  ( Horizon2020 HCO-6-2015 ;  EUREST-PLUS: 681109 ). Tob. Prev. Cessation 2018;4(Supplement):A15 Funding This project was financed the European Union's  Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (SILNE-R , Grant Agreement number  635056 ) Tob. Prev. Cessation 2018;4(Supplement): A18 DOI: 10. 18332/tpc/90537 Funding The research underlying this paper was carried out as part of Funding Funding Funding Funding Funding No funds were used when conducting the study. (301 kelime). Tob. Prev. Cessation 2018;4(Supplement): A51 DOI: 10. 18332/tpc/90407 Funding This project was funded by  Hacettepe University, Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit  (Project nb.
Funding This study is part of the  SILNE-R  project, which received funding from the  European Commission (EC) ,  Horizon2020 program , Call  PHC6-2014 , under Grant Agreement n°635056. Tob. Prev. Cessation 2018;4(Supplement): A75 DOI: 10. 18332/tpc/90330 Funding The reported research and activities were performed as part of a project of the Smoke-free Life Coalition, Bulgaria, supported by  The Union against Tuberculoses  and  Lung Disease. Tob. Prev. Cessation 2018;4(Supplement):A76 Funding Travel expenses for the conference will be funded by  La Caixa Fellowship  programme through the  European Union 's  Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme  under the  Marie Sklowdowska-Curie  grant agreement. This work was supported by a grant from the  European Commission  ( Horizon2020 HCO-6-2015 ;  EUREST-PLUS: 681109 ) Tob.