dataesr/scientific-paragraphs-categorization huggingface dataset:
Statistics Data for cell-attached recordings were analyzed with two-tailed t-test. Extracellular field potential data were analyzed by the repeated measures one-way ANOVA with Dunnett's multiple comparisons post hoc test. Spontaneous glutamatergic and GABAergic activities were analyzed for the frequency by oneway ANOVA with Tukey's post hoc test and for the amplitude by Kruskal-Wallis with Dunn's post hoc test. For social behavior, the Mann-Whitney test was used to compare empty versus unfamiliar and now-familiar versus novel conditions within the same group. For grooming, open field, morphological metrics and USVs, Kruskal-Wallis with Dunn's post hoc test was used to compare data between each groups. All data are presented as mean ± standard error of the mean (SEM).
Funding This work was supported by  Neurochlore ;  Fondation Bettencourt Schueller; France's Agence Nationale de la Recherche  ( ANR-14-CE13-0021-01 ); A* MIDEX  project (n°A* M-AAP-TR-14-02-140522-13. 02-BURNASHEV-HLS )funded by the " Investissements d'Avenir" French Government program , managed by the  French National Research Agency (ANR) ;  Federation pour la Recherche sur le Cerveau (FRC)  by the call Rotary-Espoir en Tête; and a  Fellowship CIFRE-ANRT  ( 2014/1056 ) to  Morgane Chiesa.
Sarah Watters (University College London, UK) reported on the operational programme from the laboratory perspective. Working with the immunological team, standard operating procedures (SOPs) on sample flow, sample processing and international shipping have been developed. Moreover, a database for data storage and sample tracking has been created with the help of the PENTA (Paediatric European Network for Treatment of AIDS) Foundation. This successful operational strategy based on communication between working groups will be extended to other EPIICAL studies. Anne Genevieve Marcelin (Université Pierre et Marie Curie, France) presented data on HIV-DNA drug resistance and defectivity Stefano Rinaldi (University of Miami, USA) integrated these data to show the association with polyfunctional HIV-specific CD4 T cells in the early ART population.
Acknowledgements The  EPIICAL Consortium  study team:  Nigel Klein ,  Diana Gibb :  University College London  ( UCL) UK ;  Vincent Calvez :  Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC) France ;  Maria Angeles Munoz :  Servicio Madrileño de Salud -Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañon (SERMAS-HGUGM) Spain ;  Britta Wahren :  Karolinska Institutet (KI) Sweden ;  Mark Cotton :  Stellenbosch University Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences (SU) South Africa ;  Merlin Robb : The  Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Maryland, USA ;  Polly Claiden: HIV i-Base  (HIViBase) UK; Deenan Pillay:  University of KwaZulu-Natal Africa Center (UKZN/AC) South Africa ;  Rob J De Boer ,  Juliane Schroeter :  University of Utrecht (UU) Netherlands ; Thanyawee Puthanakit:  Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand ;  Adriana Ceci ,  Viviana Giannuzzi :  Consorzio per Valutazioni Biologiche e Farmacologiche (CVBF) Italy ;  Kathrine Luzuriaga :  University of Massachusetts Medical School (UMMS) ,  Worcester, Massachusetts, USA ;  Nicolas Chomont: Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Universitè de Montreal -University of Montreal (CRCHUM) ,  Canada ;  Caterina Cancrini :  Università degli Studi di Roma Tor Vergata (UNITOV), Italy ;  Andrew Yates :  Columbia University, New York, USA ;  Kennedy Otwombe :  University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg (PHRU ), South Africa;  Francesca Rocchi :  Children's Hospital 'Bambino Gesù' (OPBG) Italy ;  Stefano Rinaldi :  University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine (UM) ,  Florida, USA.
g. ,  Backs, da Silva, & Han, 2005; Bradley & Lang, 1994; Kuppens, Tuerlinckx, Russell, & Feldman Barrett, 2013; Laukkal & Haapala, 2013; Vasa, Carlino, London, & Min, 2006)  or from normal to pathological behaviors (e. g. Gouvousis et al. , 2010; Hughes & Kendall, 2008; Kotta & Szamosközi, 2012). There is plenty of evidence that using the SAM with children is easy and practical. But due to the theoretical principles underlying the constructibility of the SAM, this pictural scale cannot discriminate emotions other than positive vs. negative, and intense vs. slight. And the completion of data by additional interviews is difficult, indeed impossible, with young children because of their lack of emotional vocabulary. It is worth noting here that some verbal scales were developed to assess the emotional state of children.
Materials and Design Estimated frequency per million words was verified using the MANULEX database  (Lété, Sprenger-Charolles, & Colé, 2004). Three words or expressions related to each of the four primary emotions (Joy, Anger, Sadness and Fear) were selected, content (pleased), heureux (happy), and joyeux (joyful) for the joy category, en colère (angry), énervé (annoyed), and furieux (furious) for the anger category, chagriné (grieved), malheureux (unhappy), and triste (sad) for sadness and effrayé (afraid), apeuré (scared), and inquiet (worried) for fear. Each word was typed in Calibri font, size 20 and printed onto a 3x7 cm card with a white background. Three 15x10 cm colored boxes (one blue, one red and one white) were also used for the sorting tasks.
Discussion This study aimed to provide information on the familiarity of children in elementary school (2nd to 5th grade) with emotion-related adjectives referring to four basic emotions: Joy, sadness, anger and fear. The first clear element is that children are perfectly capable of distinguishing between the negative and the positive valences of emotion-related words (more than 75% of correct answers for all grades and all adjectives). Although the Manulex database considers that French children know the word "apeuré" (scared), it was not correctly categorized by the younger participants in our study, suggesting in fact that it was not properly understood. Indeed, this adjective is the only one for which the valence was not correctly identified by the 7-year-olds, in the categorization task.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We thank the  ComAcross  project ( Companion Approach  for cross-sectoral collaboration in health risk management in SEA,  EuropeAid Innovate program  funding, grant number  DCI-ASIE/2013/315-047 ) for the organization of a workshop held in November, 2017,  Krabi Province , Thailand, to capitalize on ComAcross' 4 years implementation of an integrated approach to health. All the authors of this article participated in this workshop. The present work is a first synthesis of our collective contributions.
Selection of studies The main outcome was the description of one or more AVAs on health promotion in GPs' or other primary healthcare services waiting rooms, and the assessment of the aid's effect. The secondary outcome was to identify and assess the factors that contributed to this effect. A search equation using MeSH keywords was tested before exploring the databases: (Primary health care OR family practice OR general practice NOT hospitals) AND (patient education as topic OR health promotion) AND (audiovisual aids OR advertising as topic OR pamphlets OR posters). Medline, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Google Scholar, and SUDOC (Central French Universities Documentation Service) were searched by two independent investigators from 1 January 2004 to 31 December 2014 and a complementary search from 1 January 2015 to 31 December 2017, with language availability restricted to English and French.
Data analysis One researcher extracted the relevant data for analysis purposes. All primary or secondary outcome measures were taken into account, and any limitation of the studies was classified as a bias. Because of the heterogeneity of the studies, the lack of a common outcome, and the low level of evidence in most studies, no meta-analysis could be undertaken (Table  1 , last column). Recommendations from the PRISMA statement were used for the presentation of this review  [12]  and the PRISMA checklist is annexed as supplementary material. Peer-reviewed articles were separated from academic dissertations, and papers reporting on posters and booklets/pamphlets were analysed separately from those reporting on other AVAs. A systematic narrative synthesis was established, information was presented in text form and tables to summarize the analysed articles.
Study selection The study selection flow chart is displayed in Figure  1. The search by keywords through databases yielded 909 publications. Eighty duplicates were removed. The vast majority of articles were settled in hospitals or locations other than primary care settings, were assessing education programmes not basing on AVAs, had AVAs displayed elsewhere than in waiting-rooms (mostly pamphlets handed out by the doctor himself, as support of a short intervention), or did not assess the effects of the aids (for instance carried out a quality assessment of pamphlets or booklets with regard to the level of literacy of targeted patients). The title and abstract selection yielded 21 and 26 articles respectively, and the second search five supplementary. After mutual consensus, 21 publications fully responding to the eligibility criteria were included for analysis, consisting in 14 peer-reviewed articles and seven academic dissertations.
Strengths and limitations This review has limitations. For the first search (2004-2014), there was no double-blinded analysis of the selected articles. However, the selection of the analysed articles was completed by two blinded researchers that led to a high level of agreement. The analysis of the selected articles was conducted according to the Cochrane handbook and it used the GRADE rating scale to evaluate the strength of evidence  [8, 11]. As the first search was ending in 2014, an update was necessary for this article. Only one researcher carried out this update over three years  (2015) (2016) (2017). The method for selection was almost the same: same keywords to search the databases, same review of references, same selection process. As we had noticed in the first search that no articles were found in the Cochrane Library, and that the articles retrieved from Scopus, Google Scholar and in the Web of Science had led to duplicates with Medline, only Medline was searched.
Participants The CONSTANCES cohort includes volunteers aged 18-69 years at baseline in 22 selected health screening centres from the principal regions of France  [31]. Participants were selected from French adults being covered by the National Health Insurance Fund according to a random sampling scheme stratified on age, gender, socioeconomic status and region of France. The inclusion visit comprises a set of self-report questionnaires including social and demographic characteristics, health-related behaviors, self-reported health scales, working conditions and occupational exposures. The present study used the data collected at baseline for the participants included from February 2012 to September 2016, corresponding to 81,997 volunteers. Since our aim was to search for associations between addictive behaviors and job exposure to the public, we selected the sample of 46,652 participants currently working and responders to the assessments of job exposure to the public.
Furthermore, the results were generally consistent over the different dependent variables, were in line with a priori hypotheses and remained similar after dealing with missing data in different ways. Finally, it is noteworthy that specificity analysis found non-significant results when taking another occupational risk as explanatory variable. Fourthly, daily exposure was assessed with a binary variable, which precluded examining the role of less frequent exposures. Fifhtly, stressful exposure was assessed by a unique question whose wording might not be understood in the same way by all the participants. In particular, men and women may differ about what they consider as « stressful situations », which could explain, at least partially, the observed gender differences. More generally, this measure did not allow us to examine the role of individual sensitivity to this stressful exposure, which may differently relate to different substances and use patterns.
The CONSTANCES cohort is supported by the Caisse Nationale d'Assurance Maladie des travailleurs salaries-CNAMTS. CONSTANCES is accredited as a "National Infrastructure for Biology and health" by the governmental Investissements d'avenir program and was funded by the Agence nationale de la recherche (ANR-11-INBS-0002 Grant). CONSTANCES also receives funding from MSD, AstraZeneca and Lundbeck managed by INSERM-Transfert. This study has received a funding from the Interministerial Mission for Combating Drugs and Addictive Behaviors ("Mission Interministerielle de Lutte contre les Drogues et les Conduites Addictives", MILDECA).
Acknowledgments The authors wish to thank the  National Health Insurance Fund  (" Caisse nationale d'assurance maladie des travailleurs salaries", CNAMTS) and its Health Screening Centres ("Centres d'examens de sante "), responsible for collecting a large part of the data. The CONSTANCES cohort is supported by the  Caisse Nationale d'Assurance Maladie des travailleurs salaries-CNAMTS. CONSTANCES is accredited as a " National Infrastructure for Biology  and health" by the  governmental Investissements d'avenir program.
Funding: The CONSTANCES cohort is supported by the Caisse Nationale d'Assurance Maladie des travailleurs salaries-CNAMTS. CONSTANCES is accredited as a "National Infrastructure for Biology and health" by the governmental Investissements d'avenir program and was funded by the Agence nationale de la recherche (ANR-11-INBS-0002 Grant). CONSTANCES also receives funding from MSD, AstraZeneca and Lundbeck managed by INSERM-Transfert. This study has received a funding from the Interministerial Mission for Combating Drugs and Addictive Behaviors ("Mission Interministerielle de Lutte contre les Drogues et les Conduites Addictives", MILDECA).
Intervention Placement of a PIVC using an UGM. Primary outcome Number of attempts for the establishment of a PIVC in the upper limbs. results 57 patients were respectively included in both the UGM group and LM group. Stasis oedema in the upper limbs was the main cause of poor venous access identified in 80% of patients. Both the number of attempts (2 (1-4), p=0. 911) and catheter lifespan ((3 (1-3) days and 3 (2-3) days, p=0. 719) were similar between the two groups. Catheters in the UGM group tended to be larger (p=0. 059) and be associated with increased extravasation (p=0. 094). Conclusion In ICU patients who no longer require a CIVC, use of an UGM for the establishment of a PIVC is not associated with a reduction in the number of attempts compared with LM. trial registration number NCT02285712; Results.
ethical approval Since landmark and ultrasound-guided methods were both part of standard care in our unit, the ethics committee waived patient consent (Ethics Committee of the Nancy University Hospital CPP EST III, number 14. 09. 01). However, the French data protection authority (CNIL: Commission National de l'Informatique et des Libertés), independently of the Ethics committee, requested that non-opposition be collected for the purposes of acquiring numerical data. The trial was registered on the clinicaltrial. gov website under the identification number NCT02285712.
Outcome measurement The main outcome was the number of attempts to obtain a stable PIVC. An attempt was defined as one percutaneous Open access needle puncture. A successful attempt was defined by infusion through the catheter without local tissue infiltration. A successful placement at the first attempt was defined as the best-case scenario. Secondary outcomes included: the proportion of successful PIVC placements for each day (success rate), diameter of the inserted catheter, duration of the catheter defined as the period between insertion and removal with a maximum of 3 days, number of CIVCs removed, number of CIVC-related colonisations, duration of the CIVC defined as the period between insertion and removal immediately after PIVC catheterisation, patient satisfaction recorded on each attempt day until successful catheterisation (from 0: no satisfaction to 10: totally satisfied; survey provided in online supplementary data material 2).
Data collection In addition to demographic data, the following were collected: reason for admission, simplified acute physiology II (SAPS II) score, duration of catecholamine support, mechanical ventilation and renal replacement therapy. Localisation (femoral, jugular, subclavian) and duration of CIVC maintenance were recorded. Causes of poor venous network as defined in the study population were recorded. The number of colonisations and bacteria involved (defined as a positive culture of the central catheter tip >1000 colony-forming units per plate) were reported.
statistical analysis Data are expressed as mean±SD, median with IQR or proportions as appropriate. Normality of the distribution was assessed by visual inspection. A Student's t test and Mann-Whitney test were used to compare continuous variables, while the χ² test or Fisher's exact test was used to compare proportions. All statistical analyses were performed using Rstudio (RStudio V. 1. 1. 136, Boston, USA) with a p<0. 05 considered to be statistically significant.
Acknowledgements We thank  Pierre Pothier  for the editing of the manuscript. We deeply thank the paramedical team of the  Nancy Brabois ICU , which included day and night patients in this work. Contributors CB, BL and AK designed the study, performed data interpretation and the writing of the manuscript. NT recorded the data. TL, AM-R and MM included patients. CB and NG performed the statistical analysis and take responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis. Funding CB received a grant from the  French Intensive Care Society : ' Bourse Recherche Paramédicale 2016 '.
Descriptive statistics (first Likert assumption) There were no missing results for all JAMAR items, since data were collected through a Web-based system that did not allow to skip answers and input of null values. The response pattern for both PF and HRQoL was positively skewed toward normal functional ability and normal HRQoL. All response choices were used for the different HRQoL items 4, 6, and 8, whereas a reduced number of response choices were used for all the PF items. The mean and SD of the items within a scale were roughly equivalent for the PF and for the HRQoL items, except for HRQoL item 5 (data not shown). The median number of items marked as not applicable was 0% (0-1%) for the PF and 2% (1-3%) for the HRQoL.
ject, the team that prepared and reviewed the forward and backward translations, and all members of PRINTO in Switzerland. We thank the staff of the PRINTO International Coordinating Centre in Genoa (Italy) and in particular Marco Garrone for the overall coordination of the translation process, Silvia Scala and Elisa Patrone for data collection and quality assurance, Luca Villa, Giuseppe Silvestri and Mariangela Rinaldi for the database development and management and the remaining PRINTO team for data entry. The Principal Investigator of the study was Prof. Angelo Ravelli, MD. The scientific coordinator and study methodologist was Nicolino Ruperto, MD, MPH. The project coordinators were Alessandro Consolaro, MD, PhD, Francesca Bovis, PhD. We thank also Prof. Alberto Martini, PRINTO Chairman.
Funding was provided by the Istituto G. Gaslini, Genoa (Italy). Permission for use of JAMAR and its translations must be obtained in writing from PRINTO, Genoa, Italy. All JAMAR-related inquiries should be directed to at printo@gaslini. org. Permission for use of CHAQ and CHQ derived-material is granted through the scientific cooperation of the copyright holder ICORE of Woodside CA and HealthActCHQ Inc. of Boston, Massachusetts USA. All CHQ-related inquiries should be directed to licensing@healthactchq. com. All CHAQ-related inquiries should be directed to gsingh@stanford. edu.
The Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) identified six wheezing phenotypes in childhood from birth to seven years old  [17]. However, it is unclear whether phenotypes identified by latent class analysis are comparable between birth cohorts observed in different areas or countries, particularly because the number and timing of measurements, definitions of wheezing, and population characteristics may differ between studies  [19] [20] [21]. ELFE (French Longitudinal Study of Children) is the first large-scale French longitudinal birth cohort. The future follow-ups of the ELFE cohort will permit to derive phenotypes of wheezing throughout childhood and assess association with the development of asthma. However, to date, there is scarce available data on the distribution and change in respiratory symptoms at a very early age.
Statistical analysis Data analysis was performed by SPSS software, version 23. Two-sided statistical tests were used to test the association of each respiratory symptom at two months across all four wheezing groups; the Chi-2 test for dichotomous or multinomial qualitative variables, with Fisher's exact test whenever appropriate. Regarding multivariate analysis, backward logistic regressions were performed by taking into account the variables in the bivariate analysis that showed a pvalue <0. 10 [24, 25] ;which included recommended covariates (such as maternal asthma, smoking, and educational level of the mother used as a proxy for socio-economical status). Educational level of the mother was categorized into 3 categories (low, intermediate and high level). Number of siblings was categorized into 0 (reference), 1, 2 and "3 or more" siblings.
Related Work Table  1  presents the main related studies and approaches to build a physical tele-rehabilitation system. First of all, the motion capture can be based on inertial wearable sensors or visual sensors. Fortino and Gravina  [9]  propose a cloud-assisted wearable system (Rehab-aaService) that enables a general motor rehabilitation, even if the system is optimized for the upper limbs. The platform is scalable and can be integrated into a body sensor network (BodyCloud)  [10]  for the monitoring of different physiological parameters. However, the system does not have an artificial intelligent module that allows for a rigorous assessment of the rehabilitation exercises. In addition, the wearable devices require the inertial sensors to be precisely placed on the body and/or to involve a calibration stage.
Client Side The Kinect camera is used to capture the movements performed by the patient. A network application is launched on the patient's computer, in order to send the data from the Kinect to the Django website. To perform an exercise and to use the Kinect data, a gateway between the Kinect and the server is necessary to manage the data flow. This application launched in the backend of the system must be able to retrieve the data sent by the Kinect and create a link with the server to send them (Network communication). Node. js, a JavaScript run-time environment, is used for this part. It allows the creation of an application coded in JavaScript and HTML; and the communication with the Django server. The backend manages the data from the Kinect and generates an HTML page for the browser.
Node. js was chosen for its wide range of modules, and more specifically the library Kinect2, which simplifies the communication with the Kinect. The library http is used to start the application. Figure  2  shows an example of the JavaScript application created to display the avatar of the patient in a browser. The avatar (point-light representation) appears in a window on the left side of the graphic user interface. A demonstration video of the exercise is displayed on the right side of the interface. Two buttons on the top-right corner allow the patient to start (after 5 s countdown) and stop the recording of the exercise, respectively.