dataesr/scientific-paragraphs-categorization huggingface dataset:
Patients and methods: We conducted a descriptive and analytical retrospective study within the surgical emergency resuscitation department of Ibn Rochd University Hospital of Casablanca, over a period of 4 years from 2015 to 2018. We included all anemic patients. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS statistics 20. p < 0. 05 was considered significant. Results: We included 361 patients with an estimated incidence of 27%, the average age was 39 years, the sex ratio H / F was 1. 93. 47% of admissions were for traumatic pathology and 30% postoperative digestive surgery. 13% had hypotension at admission and the mean temperature was 38. 2%. The onset of anemia and its depth were related to length of stay with 99. 18% of patients who were anemic beyond the 12th day of hospitalization with a hemoglobin level that became < 8.
Conclusion: The study showed a faint but positive trend toward the use of IVC-ultrasound to identify patients in spontaneous breathing needing fluid optimization before spinal anesthesia Compliance with ethics regulations: Yes. Rationale: We performed a systematic review and a meta-analysis of studies investigating the ability of the end-expiratory occlusion (EEXPO) test to predict preload responsiveness, through the changes in cardiac output (CO) or its surrogates, in adult patients. Patients and methods: This meta-analysis was prospectively registered on PROSPERO (CRD-42019138265). We screened PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane Database to identify all original articles published between 1960 and 2019 evaluating the ability of the EEXPO test to predict a significant increase in CO or surrogate, compared to the one induced by a subsequent volume expansion or by passive leg raising (PLR).
ayed@yahoo. fr) Ann. Intensive Care 2020, 10(Suppl 1):P-213 Rationale: Nutritional support is an integral part of critical care management. Malnutrition is a high risk situation of severe complications, longer intensive care and hospital length of stay and higher mortality. No data are yet available about nutritional management and risk of malnutrition in Tunisian medical intensive care units (ICU). The purpose of this study was to describe nutritional management in medical intensive care patients and to evaluate the risk of malnutrition. Patients and methods: We conducted a prospective observational cross-sectional study in medical ICUs all around the Tunisian country on the 18th September 2018. All participant units received a questionary form about routine nutritional management and data of all patients hospitalized in ICU on the study day.
Collected data were: demographic characteristics, reason for admission, severity scores and subjective evaluation of nutritional status on admission, type and volume of nutritional support on the study day and the day before, nutritional status, nutric score and biological data on the study day, reasons for nutritional interruption and other supports prescribed. Results: Thirteen ICU all around Tunisia participated to the study. No ICU had a nutrition team and only one had a written nutrition protocol. Four ICUs evaluated systematically the nutritional status on admission. All ICUs were aware and practiced early enteral nutrition in patients unable to maintain oral intake with a systematic supplementation of oligoelements and minerals. Neither target energy nor protein intake were calculated.
Patients and methods: We conducted a retrospective study including children under 15 admitted in pediatric intensive care between January 2014 and May 2019 for ingestion of button cells, with epidemiological, clinical and paraclinical data collection. Results: Twenty-six children 17 boys (65%), and 9 girls (35%) were included, with an average age of 28 months (10-120), increased incidence in recent years. Clinical signs indicative were dysphasia with hyper-sialorrhea in 24 cases, cervical pain in one case, respiratory distress in one case, the cell was located in the upper third of the esophagus in 18 cases, third average in 6 cases, third inferior in 2 cases, the mean time before extraction was 20 h. Complications: 2 cases of mediastinitis, 2 cases of oesotracheal fistula, a case of perforation.
Our hypothesis is that NIV-NAVA is feasible in infants with bronchiolitis and that it reduces the respiratory effort. Patients and methods: We retrospectively studied all patients under 2 years of age with a clinical diagnosis of bronchiolitis ventilated with NIV-NAVA in our pediatric intensive care unit, between October 2016 and June 2018. Patients characteristics, respiratory and physiologic parameters, including diaphragmatic electrical activity (Edi) were extracted from an electronic medical database (data collected every 30 s). Respiratory effort was estimated using the modified Wood Clinical Score for Asthma (mWCAS) and the inspiratory peak Edi, and 2-h periods before and after NIV-NAVA initiation were compared (Wilcoxon rank test). The study was approved by the local research ethics committee.
1 1CHU 1 Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France; 2 APHP, Paris, France;3 Outcom-eRea, Bobigny, France Correspondence: Hubert Gheerbrant (hgheerbrant@chu-grenoble. fr) Ann. Intensive Care 2020, 10 (Suppl 1):P-002 Rationale: The prognosis of critically ill cancer patients admitted in intensive care unit (ICU), remains an issue. Our objective was to assess the factors associated with 3-and 6-month survival of ICU cancer survivors. Patients and methods: Based on the French OutcomeRea ™ database, we included solid cancer patients discharged alive, between December 2005 and November 2013, from the medical ICU of the university hospital in Grenoble, France. Patient characteristics and outcome at 3 and 6 months following ICU discharge were extracted from available database.
tudesq@aphp. fr) Ann. Intensive Care 2020, 10 (Suppl 1):F-032 Rationale: Clinical data regarding factors that may influence Doppler- based resistive index (RI) at bedside are limited. Moreover, influence of operator has poorly been assessed. This study aimed at evaluating clinical characteristics associated with RI at bedside and to delineate influence of inter-operator variability as this regard. Patients and methods: Post-hoc analysis of a multicentre prospec- tively collected dataset. Adult patients requiring mechanical ventila- tion were included. Patients with severe chronic renal dysfunction or Conclusion: Our study suggests that Doppler-based RI in critically ill patients is influenced by patients' case-mix, age, underlying dehydration or shock, cardiac comorbidities, and AKI severity.
7 (20. 5) 22 (19. 9) 0. 14 Incidence of pulmonary bacteriologic sample , n (%) 20 (46. 5) 20 (47. 6) 0. 91 Mechanical ventilation-free days by day 28 (d), mean ± SD 25. 3 (4. 5) 2 5. 6 (2. 4) 0. 73 Antibiotherapy-free days by day 28 (d), mean ± SD 25. 3 (3. 8) 2 5. 4 (3. 2) 0. 87 Length of stay in ICU (d), mean ± SD 4. 6 (8. 5) 3. 8 (3) 0. 57 Mortality in ICU, n (%) 0 2 (4. 7) 0. 49 P-116 Impact of hyperoxemia on mortality during septic shock: retrospective study on the MIMIC-III database Benjamin Popoff, Bertrand Dureuil, Benoit Veber, Thomas Clavier Département d' Anesthésie Réanimation, CHU de Rouen, Université de Rouen Normandie, Rouen, France Correspondence: Benjamin Popoff (benjamin. popoff@chu-rouen. fr) Ann. Intensive Care 2020, 10(Suppl 1):P-116 Rationale: Hyperoxemia is associated with excess mortality in intensive care unit (ICU) patients, particularly after stroke, myocardial infarction or cardiac arrest.
Care paths of pneumococcal meningitis with sepsis in France: a retrospective analysis of a French medico-administrative (PMSI) database Michael Thy 1 , Claire Dupuis 1 , Bruno Mourvillier 2 , Lila Bouadma 1 , Stephane Ruckly 3 , Anne Perozziello 3 , Damien Van-Gysel 4 , Etienne De Montmollin 1 , Romain Sonneville 1 , Jean-François Timsit1   Pneumococcal meningitis (PM) in adult patients is associated with substantial morbidity and mortality(1). Current guidelines recommend initial management of PM patients in intermediate or intensive care units (ICU)(2, 3). However, there is little evidence to support those recommendations(1). We aimed to describe care paths of PM with sepsis in French hospitals and to assess outcomes depending on their hospital trajectory. Patients and methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of the French medico administrative (PMSI) database of consecutive patients with PM and sepsis admitted to French hospitals, between 2010 and 2015.
Compliance with ethics regulations: Yes. P-129 Drug-induced hyperammonaemia: data from VigiBase, the WHO database We present 25 cases of serious viper envenomation, on a retrospective study extended over a period of 9 years from 2010 to 2019 including one case with cobraic syndrome, and through a literature review we clarify the following aspects: epidemiological, pathophysiological, clinical and therapeutic. Inclusion criteria: the presence of traces of hooks with at least one locoregional and/ or general sign of envenomation. The actual presence of the snake in question and/or its description by a witness or the victim. Results: This is a retrospective study that interested 12 men and 13 women, mean age 41 years. The bites were due to vipers, the species was known cerastes cerastes type in two cases, Macrovipéra Mauritanica in one case, cobra was identified in one case.
weiss@aphp. fr) Ann. Intensive Care 2020, 10(Suppl 1):P-129 Rationale: Altered consciousness secondary to metabolic encepha- lopathies represents a major cause of ICU admission. Ammonia dosage is thus recommended in theabsence of any diagnosis. Despite hyper- ammonaemia is most commonly secondary to liver diseases, porto- systemic shunts, inborn errors of metabolism, microbial pullulation, drug-induced hyperammonaemia (DIH) is another possible cause. DIH is poorly described. To describe the drugs associated with DIH. Patients and methods: We used VigiBase, the WHO global Indi- vidual Case Safety Report (ICSR) database, which contains reports of suspected adverse drug reactions (ADRs) collected by national drug.
Substitution fluid was the main determinant of the occurrence of complications. Hypo- symptoms presented with more frequent and more severe renal dys-function (81. 2% vs. 59. 6%, p =. 0016, creatinin 170[90-396) vs. 102 (576-181) µmol/L, p = 0. 0027), reflecting in higher day 1 SOFA scores (7 (6-10) vs. 6 (5-8), p = 0. 0031). Gastrointestinal manifestations were associated with lower ICU mortality (2. 9% vs. 11. 5%, p = 0. 0413). Short-term mortality was still lower in TMA patients with digestive tension was more frequent with albumin and associated with the anƟ-RNApol3-anƟbody use of HES. Hypocalcemia was more frequent and allergic reactions symptoms when adjusted on SOFA and types of TMA. Conclusion: Gastrointestinal manifestations are frequent and most of occurred only with FFP. ClinicalTrials.
gov ID:NCT03888417. the time aspecific in severe TMA patients. If bloody diarrhea is associ- Compliance with ethics regulations: Yes. 1059 (95. 1%) Negative tests 9 (0. 8%) Inconclusive tests P-165 Arrhythmia-induced cardiogenic shock on VA-ECMO: reduction or atrio-ventricular node ablation allow recovery 1 , Jean-Luc Charuel 2 , Guillaume Hekimian 1 , François Lifermann 3 , Isabelle Melki 4 , Charles-Edouard Luyt 1 , Alain Combes 1 , Zahir Amoura 5 ated preferentially with STEC-HUS, it may lack in > 40% of the cases and be observed in patients with other types of TMA, including TTP patients. The reason why patients with digestive symptoms seem to display better short-term outcomes deserves further investigations. Compliance with ethics regulations: Yes. Guillaume Hekimian, Nicolas Paulo, Nicolas Brechot, Estelle Gandjbakhch, 46 (4.
Extravascular lung water levels and kinetics are associated with mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane Database were screened for original articles published between 1960 and 2019. We performed a meta-analysis using random effects to estimate the pooled relative risk of death associated with elevated EVLW, and the pooled area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUROC) of elevated EVLW as a predictor of mortality. Missing data were provided by the authors of the original studies. P-176 Procalcitonin (PCT) Results: We included fifteen studies (1086 patients in total). The pooled relative risk of mortality with elevated EVLW levels was 4. 10 [2. 52-6. 68]. The pooled AUROC, estimated from 13 studies, was 0. 84 ± 0. 04 with a derived threshold of 14.
Prospective, online national survey. Anonymous questionnaire with 26 questions emailed to physicians working in intensive care units in France (one physician per ICU: head or intubation specialist). It was positioned as a first line laryngoscope for every intubation in critically ill patients to reinforce the VL skill training. Present study was performed using prospectively collected data from a continuous quality improvement database about airway management in a 20-beds French teaching hospital medical ICU. All consecutive intubation procedure performed with VL from September 2018 to June 2019 were included. "First attempt success" group and "first attempt failure" group were compared by univariate and multivariate analysis in order to analyze the first attempt intubation success rate according to the level of operators' expertise, identify factors associated with first pass intubation failure and describe the intubation related complications.
Efficient SOMs on GPU Our implementation of SOMs  (Kohonen, 1982)  is based on PyTorch  (Paszke et al. , 2019). This alone speeds up operations and in addition allows us to use GPUs to make the computations even faster. We timed our method against the former application note  (Bouvier et al. , 2015)  and SOMPY  (Moosavi et al. , 2014) , the main implementation of SOMs in Python that is a parallel CPU-based tool. We used our method on some 2-dimensional toy data as well as on a MD trajectory resulting in 168-dimensional vectors. We show the time necessary to perform the training loop on 100k of these vectors in Table  1. We include a run on CPU for comparison as well as a run on several cores for SOMPY. As expected, the new method is much faster than the old one, especially when run on the GPU, with a 160-fold speedup.
We have comparable run times to the SOMPY implementation for the synthetic dataset, and twofold speedup on the higher dimensional MD data. This was unexpectedly fast for this CPU-based method. However, the SOMPY implementation does not support custom batch sizes, so the whole dataset is passed at once, which does not allow flexible training and biases the training for large datasets. We believe this to be a major limitation because tuning the optimization for large dataset was revealed to be key, in particular for the analysis of MD trajectories.
Molecular dynamics clustering The tool can be applied to efficiently cluster MD trajectories. This is useful to create a library of representative structures. To do so, we represent each frame by the concatenation of each atom's coordinates and train a SOM to cluster these frames. We included a script to take a MD trajectory in the CHARMM  (Brooks et al. , 2009)  dcd format as input and output a npy file that can be handled by our SOM implementation. This script also allows the user to select a set of atoms of interest for the SOM analysis. We also included utilities to select the frames that fall into a given cluster for visualization. The method was applied on the trajectory analyzed in our previous implementation  (Bouvier et al. , 2015) : 15 ls MD at 330 K of a simplified sequence of a 56-residue a/b subdomain of the protein G  (Guarnera et al.
Acknowledgements The authors are grateful to the  Institut Pasteur and the CNRS  for their continued support for our research. The authors thank  Laura Ortega  and  Mathias Ferber  for feedback. Financial Support: V. M. is recipient of a doctoral fellowship from the  INCEPTION  project  [PIA/ANR-16-CONV-0005 ] and benefits from support from the  CRI through Ecole Doctorale FIRE -Programme Bettencourt.
The maximum laser intensity at the sample was 20 W/cm 2. Raw images were acquired with the HCImage software (Hamamatsu) to record image data to disk and a custom LabView program (freely available upon request) to synchronize the acquisition hardware. Multicolor images were registered by characterizing channel displacement using a matrix generated with TetraSpeck beads (Life Technologies) imaged in the same experiment as the cells. COS-7 cells expressing EGFP-VAPA (ER marker) and stained with SiR-Lysosome (lysosome marker) were imaged by SIM every 1. 5 s (including imaging exposure time of both channels) for 1. 5 min.
Growing tip and three-way junction analysis Growing tips and three-way junctions were determined from customer-built algorism. The input to the program is a skeletonized binary image of ER. The skeleton was created in ImageJ by applying a threshold to create a binary image, followed by the built-in "skeletonize" function to reduce the width of ER tubules to 1 pixel. This results in a network graph of the ER, with connections, nodes, and endpoints. These three features were labeled using MATLAB's connected component functions. The length of connections was also calculated by fitting splines to the binary tubules and recording the length of the spline. The analysis occurs across a time series of the ER network, allowing results to be drawn about the distribution of tubule length over time, for example.
Tracking of lysosome motions was performed by TrackMate (40) in Fiji, which plots the trajectories (2094 tracks) of lysosome motions in 500 frames. Data from SPT allowed us to reconstruct the lysosome motion density. The high-density regions were extracted from the trajectories using a procedure derived from  (37) : The number of points falling into square bins of width ∆x = 480 nm was counted to construct the density map. From this map, high-density regions, called seeds, were defined as the fraction with 5% higher-density bins. If multiple seeds appeared within a distance of two squares of each other, then only the one with the highest value was kept. For each seed bin, we computed a new density map of size 22 squares, centered on the seed bin center, and with bin size ∆x = 200 nm. From this local map, we kept only the ensemble that has a density of >80% of the central bin value.
This allows abundant low-frequency information to be easily passed on, thus enabling the main network to focus on learning to restore highfrequency information. Choosing the first part of our segmentation model to have an architecture built for restoration ensures that it is capable of handling images with low signal-to-noise ratio as it can learn to perform denoising in these early layers of its network. A neural network model intended for image restoration will, by default, perform regression to output pixel value predictions in the same color space as the input image. This is achieved during model training by minimizing an appropriate loss function, typically the mean squared error defined over the dataset as Rather than having the model perform restoration via regression followed by thresholding by intensity values to produce binary seg-mentation maps, the model is directly optimized to output segmentation maps by modifying it to perform classification.
However, to alleviate the complexity of training the network, raw images were first denoised using the denoising method ND-SAFIR  (52) , which includes a noise parameter estimation of Poisson-Gaussian noise that is typical for optical microscopy. As for preparing the training data, a very crude segmentation could be performed using grayscale pixel intensity thresholding after applying this denoising method to raw images. A few of these segmentation maps were then manually cleaned and finalized by drawing in a raster graphics editor. These partially hand-drawn segmentation maps then served as targets, i. e. , ground truths, in the supervised training of the segmentation network. To make it feasible for the network to learn to segment the ER images from the relatively small training dataset, a few means of data augmentation were used.
The network was conFigd to have four blocks of the RCAB, which amounts to 40 convolution layers each having 64 filters with a 3 × 3 kernel size, constituting a total of about 1. 3 million trainable parameters. The trained network outputs binary segmentation maps that can then be easily skeletonized by a standard thinning algorithm  (53). The implementation has been made with the machine learning library PyTorch. The code as well as training and test data for segmenting ER images is freely available at https://github. com/ charlesnchr/ERNet.
Resolution-enhanced images were reconstructed from the raw SIM data with LAG SIM as described above. The axon outlines were drawn by increasing the brightness of fluorescence from LysoTracker staining in the analysis step. Two hundred twenty-one EGFP-VAPA (KD/MD)-expressing axons from 55 time-lapse images and 85 EGFP-VAPA-expressing axons from 32 time-lapse images were acquired from three independent experiments.
Acknowledgments: We thank  A. I. Fernández Villegas ,  L. Wunderlich , and  W. Li  for helping with the cell culture. We thank  E. Ward  for helping with the image processing. Funding: This research was funded by  Infinitus (China) Company Ltd. (supporting M. L. and C. F. K. ); a  UKRI Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC)  grant ( EP/L015889/1 ) awarded to the Centre for Doctoral Training in Sensor Technologies and Applications (supporting F. W. v. T. ); a  Sir Henry Wellcome Postdoctoral Fellowship  from the  Wellcome Trust  ( 215943/Z/19/Z , to J. Q. L. ); the  Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO)  (supporting W. N. ); the  European Research Council (ERC)  (supporting L. K. );  Wellcome Trust   Collaborative Grant  ( 203249/Z/16/Z  to C. E. H. and C.
However, an improvement in the understanding of a system can lead to the correction of its deficiencies. When developing a ML model, the consideration of interpretability as an additional design driver can improve its implementability for 3 reasons: • Interpretability helps ensure impartiality in decision-making, i. e. to detect, and consequently, correct from bias in the training dataset. • Interpretability facilitates the provision of robustness by highlighting potential adversarial perturbations that could change the prediction. • Interpretability can act as an insurance that only meaningful variables infer the output, i. e. , guaranteeing that an underlying truthful causality exists in the model reasoning. All these means that the interpretation of the system should, in order to be considered practical, provide either an understanding of the model mechanisms and predictions, a visualization of the model's discrimination rules, or hints on what could perturb the model  [11].
In order to avoid limiting the effectiveness of the current generation of AI systems, eXplainable AI (XAI)  [7]  proposes creating a suite of ML techniques that 1) produce more explainable models while maintaining a high level of learning performance (e. g. , prediction accuracy), and 2) enable humans to understand, appropriately trust, and effectively manage the emerging generation of artificially intelligent partners. XAI draws as well insights from the Social Sciences  [12]  and considers the psychology of explanation. 1 : Evolution of the number of total publications whose title, abstract and/or keywords refer to the field of XAI during the last years. Data retrieved from Scopus R (December 10th, 2019) by using the search terms indicated in the legend when querying this database. It is interesting to note the latent need for interpretable AI models over time (which conforms to intuition, as interpretability is a requirement in many scenarios), yet it has not been until 2017 when the interest in techniques to explain AI models has permeated throughout the research community.