dataesr/scientific-paragraphs-categorization huggingface dataset:
2014). Notes -BLAST analysis with the ITS rDNA region sequence gave closest hits to L. testudineum CCF 5201 T (99 %, 497/499 bp, GenBank LT548278), L. kalimantanense NBRC 105406 T (94 %, 465/494 bp, GenBank AB360356), L. wallacei CBS 101237 T (93 %, 448 /484 bp, GenBank EF641891) and Verti cillium indonesiacum BTCC-F36 T (93 %, 462/495 bp, GenBank AB378516). LSU rDNA showed 99 % similarity to L. testudine um (99 %, 589 /592 bp, GenBank LT548278) and L. wallacei (541/ 548 bp, GenBank AY184967), and 98 % similarity to L. kalimantanense (580 /589 bp, GenBank AB360356) and V. indonesiacum (580/589 bp, GenBank AB378516). The tub2 sequence showed 91 % similarity to L. testudineum (1 225/1 348 bp, GenBank LT548284) and the tef1-α sequence 94 % similarity to L. testudineum (936 /992 bp, GenBank LT626942).
1. 1. 1; Lanfear et al. 2012 ) divided the dataset into four partitions with the following substitution models: the GTR+G substitution model was used for ITS1 and ITS2 regions, JC+I model for the 5. 8S nrDNA region and the 2nd codon positions of tef1-α, F81+I+G model for the 1st codon positions of tef1-α, and HKY+G model for the 3rd codon positions of tef1-α. The tree was constructed with IQ-TREE v. 1. 4. 0  (Nguyen et al. 2015). The dataset contained 30 taxa and a total of 1 583 characters of which 478 were variable and 357 parsimony-informative. Bootstrap support values at branches were obtained by generating 1 000 bootstrap replicates. Only bootstrap support values ≥ 70 % are shown; ex-type strains are indicated by a superscript T. The tree is rooted with Simplicillium lanosoniveum CBS 704.
Growth rates at 15 °C on PCA /MEA/PDA: 5 -7/ 4 -8/4 -6 mm after 7 d and 9 -15 /8 -14/8 -12 mm after 14 d, respectively. Growth rates at 20 °C on PCA /MEA/PDA: 7-13 /8 -13/8 -13 mm after 7 d and 15 -25 /13 -19/17-25 mm after 14 d, respectively. Growth at 27 and 30 °C slower than at 25 °C; no growth at 37 °C. Typus. CzeCh repUBliC, Prague, scales from the carapace of the captive red-eared slider (Trachemys scripta elegans), Aug. 2015, coll. A. Schaufle rová, isol. J. Koubková (holotype PRM 935078, isotype PRM 935079, culture ex-type CCF 5201 = CBS 141096; SSU-ITS-LSU, tef1-α and tub2 sequences GenBank LT548278, LT626942 and LT548284, MycoBank MB824886). Additional material examined. FranCe, Tours, chemical solution of nickel, Feb. 2012, isol. F. Déniel, UBOCC-A-112180 = CCF 5545, ITS, LSU, SSU, tef1-α and tub2 sequences GenBank LT992874, LT992876, LT992875, LT992868 and LT992870; chemical solution of nickel, Oct.
2016, isol. F. Déniel, UBOCC-A-116026 = CCF 5546, ITS, LSU, SSU, tef1-α and tub2 sequences GenBank LT992871, LT992873, LT992872, LT992867 and LT992869. Notes -For BLAST analysis results see description of Le canicillium restrictum. Lecanicillium testudineum has a higher optimum temperature for growth and smaller macroconidia than L. restrictum. Both micro-and macroconidia of L. kalimantan ense and L. wallacei are longer than those of L. testudineum  (Zare & Gams 2001 , Sukarno et al. 2009). Phialides of V. indo nesiacum are most frequently produced in a single whorl at the end of erect hyphae  (Sukarno et al. 2009). Intraspecific variability among isolates of L. testudineum was observed in colony morphology on MEA and PDA (see above) and growth parameters. Colony diameters of UBOCC-A-116026 were smaller on all media by 20 -40 % compared to UBOCC-A-112180, and by 25 -55 % compared to CCF 5201 T.
Macroscopically, L. valparai sensis resembles L. prolificans  (Hennebert & Desai 1974). Both species have dematiaceous colonies in all media tested. However, L. valparaisensis has green colonies, while L. prolifi cans exhibits olivaceous grey colonies that become olivaceous green with age. Microscopically, L. valparaisensis presents two types of conidiogenous cells; one of them resembling L. prolificans, and the other type resembles those observed in S. apiospermum. In fact, L. valparaisensis seems to be intermediate between L. prolificans and S. apiospermum. Based on BLAST search results, the closest hits with ITS sequences was L. prolificans (GenBank KC254095; Identities = 528/528 (100 %), no gaps) and Petriella setifera (Gen-Bank KX449497; Identities = 489/533 (92 %), 14 gaps (2 %)); by using tub2 the closest hits were L.
prolificans (GenBank AJ890127; Identities = 470 /481 (98 %), 3 gaps (0 %)) and Pseudallescheria africana (GenBank AJ890132; Identities 437/ 484 (90 %); 16 gaps (3 %)). Our phylogenetic inference, performed using the ITS and tub2 sequences, demonstrated that our fungus represents a new species of the genus Lomentospora, being closely related to L. prolificans. Lomentospora valparaisensis can be distinguished from L. prolificans based on its slow growth at 15 °C compared to that of L. prolificans. They can also be distinguished based on the homogeneous size and shape of the sporangiospores (5. 5 -6. 5 × 4 -5 μm) compared with those observed in L. prolificans (3 -7 × 2 -5 μm). In addition, our strains showed mixed conidiogenous cells: i) those arising from undifferentiated hyphae, cylindrical to somewhat flask-shaped (S.
ITS. Based on a megablast search of NCBIs GenBank nucleotide database, the closest hits using the ITS sequence are Mastigosporella anisophylleae (GenBank NR_137844; Identities = 508/568 (89 %), 16 gaps (2 %)), Harknessia communis (GenBank KY979780; Identities = 517/580 (89 %), 23 gaps (3 %)) and Harknessia eucalyptorum (GenBank AY720747; Identities = 501/564 (89 %), 23 gaps (4 %)).
LSU. Based on a megablast search of NCBIs GenBank nucleotide database, the closest hits using the LSU sequence are Harknessia lythri (GenBank AF408364; Identities = 809/815 (99 %), no gaps), Cryphonectria decipiens (GenBank JQ862750; Identities = 807/815 (99 %), no gaps) and Latruncellus aurorae (GenBank NG_042572; Identities = 807/815 (99 %), no gaps). tef1. On a megablast search of NCBIs GenBank nucleotide database, no significant hits were obtained. Vanessa P. Abreu, Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil; e-mail: vanessa. abreu@ufv. br Olinto L. Pereira, Departamento de Fitopatologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil; e-mail: oliparini@ufv. br Fungal Planet 741 -13 July 2018 Matsushimaea monilioides Iturrieta-González, Dania García & Gené, sp.
A phylogenetic analysis with the rDNA operon (ITS and LSU) placed the CBS strain of M. fasciculate in the family Sympoventuriaceae and it was closely related to our strain. However, both strains showed genetic differences (99 % similar with LSU, 86 % with ITS) enough to be considered distinct species. Matsushimaea monilioides morphologically resembled M. ferti lis. However, a megablast search with ITS and LSU sequences of the ex-type strain (INFAT C93/204 = IMI 358617) of this latter species showed it was related to the genus Cladophialophora (Herpotrichiellaceae, Chaetothyriales), being highly similar to the sequences of the ex-type of C. boppii (CBS 126. 86; LSU 100 % similar with GenBank FJ358233 and ITS 98 % similar with GenBank NR_131297). Therefore, M. fertilis was excluded in the present phylogenetic analysis.
Based on a megablast search of NCBIs GenBank nucleotide database, the closest hits using LSU sequence of M. monil ioides with other sympoventuriaceous species were Fusicla dium sicillianum (CBS 105. 85; GenBank FN398150. 1) with a similarity of 95 % (531/557) and Fusicladium rhodense (CBS 121641; GenBank EU035440. 1) also 95 % (812/855) similar. The closest hits using the ITS sequence were F. rhodense (CBS 121641; GenBank EU035440. 1) and F. sicillianum (CBS 105. 85; GenBank FN549914. 1) with a similarity of 86 % (402/470) and 85 % (390/459), respectively. Matsushimaea fasciculata and M. magna morphologically differ from our fungus in conidial morphology; while the conidia of the former are more regularly shaped, obconical to cupulate and measure 30 -45 μm long  (Matsushima 1975) , those of M.
4", solitaire to gregarious on decaying wood from tidal detritus, 7 Apr. 2017, L. T. Carmo (holotype UFRN-Fungos 2944, isotype HUEFS 234860, ITS and LSU sequences GenBank MG836281 and MG836282, Myco-Bank 823882). Additional material examined. HUEFS 234861. Notes -Among the bird's nest fungi, Mycocalia is one of the genera least reported by researchers  (Brodie 1975) , and much of it is due to the fact that their species had been described as Nidularia until the proposition of Mycocalia by  Palmer (1961). All new species identifications, five in total, excluding synonyms, occurred in the first half of the 1960s, and no new species had been proposed since Mycocalia sphagneti  (Cejp & Palmer 1963). Together with M. denudata and M. reticulata, the new species M. aquaphila is one of the few taxa of the genus reported for South America, and the first described and recorded exclusively in Brazil.
The species with legitimated names in MycoBank, M. arundi naceae (MycoBank MB334666) and M. fusispora (MycoBank MB334669) were not compared because, according to  Cejp & Palmer (1963) , they were synonymised under the name M. denudata. Mycocalia aquaphila is the first species of this genus proposed since the 1960s. The ITS sequence obtained in this study has 93 % similarity to the only ITS Mycocalia sequence available in GenBank (DQ911596 under M. denudata). Moreover, as mentioned above, morphological characters are enough to separate M. aquaphila from the already known species. Classification -Tubariaceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes. Basidiomata pleurotoid with short central to eccentric stipe; pileus small size (> 1 cm), yellowish brown, fibrillose, not hygrophanus. Lamellae ventricose, yellowish to rusty brown.
Pileitrama made of cylindrical hyphae 2-4 μm wide, pale, smooth or incrustate-zebrate, sometimes thickened and darker at septa. Clamp connections present at all septa. Habitat -On large Fagus sylvatica log, in a lowland oldgrowth beech forest (Vértes Mts, Hungary). So far only known from the type locality. Notes -Based on a BLAST search of NCBIs GenBank nucleotide databases, the closest hits using the LSU sequence are Romagnesiella clavus (as Pachylepyrium sp. , GenBank HQ832461; Identities = 1 333/1 361 (98 %), 2 gaps (0 %)), Phaeomarasmius fulvidulus (GenBank KF830080; Identities = 1 330/1 361 (98 %), 5 gaps (0 %)), Agrocybe pediades (Gen-Bank DQ110872; Identities = 1 339/1 372 (98 %), 4 gaps (0 %)) and Galerina sp. (GenBank HQ827183; Identities = 1 341/1 374 (98 %), 8 gaps (0 %)). The closest hit by BLAST using the ITS sequence had highest similarity to an 'uncultured fungus' which was sequenced from soil in Illinois, USA (GenBank KX195359); the ITS2 of this environmental sample is very similar to Pleuro myces hungaricus (Identities = 323/327 (99 %), 2 gaps (0 %)).
The second closest hit using the ITS sequence is Tubaria sp. (GenBank KY462443; Identities = 475 /556 (85 %), 29 gaps (5 %)), with low query cover (85 %). Based on a discontinuous megablast search the closest hits by best query cover (100 %) are Flammulaster cf. carpophilus (as Phaeomyces dubiosus, unconfirmed, P. -A. Moreau unpubl. data; GenBank KF830099; Identities = 543/644 (84 %), 42 gaps (6 %)) and Crassispo rium carbonicola (as Pachylepyrium carbonicola; GenBank LN714579; Identities = 541/645 (84 %), 39 gaps (6 %)). Pleu romyces hungaricus forms a distinct clade in our phylograms, well separated from other genera of Tubariaceae. Microscopical observations (spores smooth, thick-walled and subpored; pileipellis with coarsely incrusted hyphae) suggest closest affinities with species of Phaeomarasmius and Flammulaster pp.
(F. muricatus/F. limulatus), but the weak differentiation of the pileipellis is a distinctive feature for species of these genera. The holotype of Phaeomyces dubiosus was not available for revision but its description shows strong affinities with P. hungaricus; however, distant lamellae and the pileipellis with branching and erected terminal hyphae suggest that it represents a distinct species of still unclear systematic position. Bayesian inference tree using ITS rDNA sequences of Preussia and related genera. The new species is in bold face. Support values of at least 50 % are shown at the nodes. Pleospora herbarum (ATCC 11681, GenBank AF229479) was used as outgroup. Bayesian inference and Maximum Likelihood (ML) analyses were performed in MrBayes  (Ronquist & Huelsenbeck 2003)  and PhyML  (Guindon & Gascuel 2003) , respectively, launched from Topali  (Milne et al.
2004 ). Typus. Brazil, Petrolândia municipality, Pernambuco state, isolated as endophyte from leaves of Citrullus lanatus (Cucurbitaceae), 25 July 2016, R. M. F. Silva (holotype URM 91190, culture ex-type URM 7865, ITS and LSU sequences GenBank MH208971 and MH208972, MycoBank MB825032). Notes -The genus Preussia was established by  Fuckel (1867). Members of this genus are predominantly coprophilous, although a few species have been isolated from soil, wood, plant debris and as endophytes  (Mapperson et al. 2014 , Gonzalez-Menendez et al. 2017). Based on morphological analysis and phylogenetic relationships using ITS rDNA sequences, the new species, P. citrullina, differs from other species of Preussia based on its phoma-like asexual morph. The asexual morphs of Sporormiaceae genera, when found, are phoma-like in morphology (Von  Arx & Storm 1967 , Cannon & Kirk 2007).
Based on ITS, Preussia citrullina is 93 % similar to Sporormiella mega lospora (GenBank GQ203785) and P. terricola (CBS 317. 65, GenBank GQ203765), amongst others. The LSU sequence is 98 % similar to P. terricola (CBS 317. 65, GenBank GQ203725) and 97 % to Sporormiella megalospora (GenBank GQ203743). In the present phylogenetic analyses, P. citrullina is closest to P. terricola and Sporormiella megalospora. Notes -The new genus Queiroziella is proposed based on a phylogenetic analysis and physiological and biochemical features. Phylogenetic inferences of LSU (D1/D2 domain) and ITS rDNA and rpb2 sequences of Queiroziella placed the new genus in a single clade with high support values related to Sakaguchia, Cystobasidium and Occultifur. According to the BLASTn searches (9 Apr. 2018) the LSU rDNA sequences have low identity (93 %) to sequences deposited as Cystobasidium spp.
(e. g. , GenBank FJ515245), Buckleyzyma armeniaca (GenBank AF189920), Symmetrospora spp. (e. g. , GenBank AF189984) and Occultifur sp. (GenBank KC698874), amongst others. The ITS rDNA sequences have low identity (90 -91 %) to some sequences deposited as Occultifur sp. (e. g. , GenBank KC698874) and Cystobasidium spp. (e. g. , C. minutum, CBS 2177, GenBank AF190010). The rpb2 sequences have low identity (77-78 %) to sequences deposited as Cystobasidium spp. (e. g. , GenBank KJ708214), Sakaguchia spp. (e. g. , Gen-Bank KJ708346. 1), Microsporomyces bloemfonteinensis (e. g. , GenBank KJ708215), amongst others. Queiroziella brasiliensis differs physiologically and biochemically from Sakaguchia species by inulin assimilation, from Cystobasidium species by assimilation of melibiose and from Occultifur species by assimilation of soluble starch and raffinose  (Libkind et al.
In culture, propagules are bigger (85 -300 μm long) and frequently fused. Typus. Brazil, Ceará, Quixadá, near of 'Açude do Cedro', S04°58' W39°, on decaying bark, 28 Apr. 2016, T. Cantillo (holotype HUEFS 238438, isotype HUEFS 238439, ex-type culture LAMIC103-16, ITS and LSU sequences GenBank MG970694 and MG970695, MycoBank MB824398). Notes -This fungus somewhat resembles setose pycnidia common in some species of Pleosporales, but no internal structures were observed in any stage of development. In appearance, this fungus also resembles Akenomyces  (Hornby 1984). Akenomyces is characterised by black elliptical-lenticular sclerotia, with pale warty marginal hyphae, brown, consisting of a complex three-layer hyphal structure and, inside the cortex, a tightly interwoven mass of hyaline, thin-walled, much branched hyphae (Voglmayr & Krisai-Greilhuber 1997) a feature that is not present in Quixadomyces.
ITS. Based on a megablast search of NCBIs GenBank nucleotide database, the closest hits using the ITS sequence are Parapyrenochaeta acacia (GenBank NR_155674 from type material, Identities = 546/592 (92 %), 20 gaps = 20/542 (3 %)), Pyrenochaetopsis microspora (GenBank HM751085; Identities = 533/574 (93 %), 18 gaps (3 %)) and Camarosporium aloes (GenBank NR_137821 from type material; Identities = 566/635 (89 %), 32 gaps (5 %)).
LSU. Using the LSU sequence, the closest hits on a megablast search of NCBIs GenBank nucleotide database are Pyre nochaeta protearum (GenBank JQ044453; Identities = 625/629 (99 %), no gaps) and Leptosphaeria maculans (GenBank FO905981; Identities = 621/629 (99 %), no gaps). Fungal Planet 748 -13 July 2018  Saba, Caboň & Adamčík, sp. nov. Etymology. The name refers to Mansehra, the province where the species was collected for the first time.
5-89. 5(-160) × (3. 5 -)4. 5-6. 5(-8. 5) μm, av. 60. 5 × 5. 6 μm more frequently 1-celled, with more granular and yellowcoloured contents. Cystidioid hyphae in subpellis and pileus trama dispersed, with heteromorphous-granulose, yellowish, often oleiferous contents. Typus. pakiStan, four collections from Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Shangla district, Puran, on soil under Pinus roxburghii (Pinaceae), alt. 1500 m, 5 Sept. 2013, S. Ullah (holotype HUP-SUR180, ITS, LSU, mtSSU and rpb2 sequences GenBank MG948636, MG944280, MG944266 and MG944255, MycoBank MB816290). For additional material examined, see MycoBank. Notes -The type specimen of R. mansehraensis was morphologically described as 'Russula sp. ' and its phylogenetic position as member of R. maculata lineage was resolved in our previous study  (Adamčík et al.
2016). In this study we supported both morphology and phylogeny by more collections from Pakistan, more observations and more sequences including additional loci (for phylogenetic tree, see MycoBank). We confirmed the placement of R. mansehraensis in Russula subsect. Maculatinae, where it clustered in the strongly supported clade together with European species R. maculata and R. nympharum. Our phylogeny showed strong support for recognising of R. mansehraensis as a new species. The other ITS sequences retrieved from GenBank (https://www. ncbi. nlm. nih. gov/genbank) and UNITE (http://unite. ut. ee) databases originate from Papua New Guinea and Southern and Northern China and apparently represent different species associated probably with other host trees (e. g. , Castanopsis and Keteleeria).
Notes -Phylogenetically, Saproamanita quitensis is distinct from other Amanita spp. available in the NCBI GenBank nucleotide database. The closest species based on a megablast search of the full ITS sequence is Amanita inopinata, currently Saproamanita inopinata, from the Netherlands (GenBank KM026507) and from New Zealand (GenBank HQ533044) both with 100 % coverage and a 97 % Identity score from 18 base differences and 9 gaps. Only one other species, A. pruittii, currently Saproamanita pruittii  (Redhead et al. 2016) , had 100 % coverage for the full ITS sequence in the megablast search, with a 96 % Identity score from 24 base differences and 10 gaps. Following the above-mentioned species, the highest megablast search was to an Amanita sp. (GenBank KY081706) from Brazil with 99 % coverage and an 88 % Identity score from 75 base differences and 22 gaps.
All positions containing gaps and mis sing data were eliminated from the dataset (Complete deletion option). There were a total of 452 positions in the final dataset. Phylogenetic analyses were conducted in MEGA4  (Tamura et al. 2007). Thecaphora australiensis  Stajsic, Y. P. Tan & R. G. Shivas, sp. nov. Etymology. Name refers to the country from where this fungus was collected, Australia. Classification -Glomosporiaceae, Ustilaginales, Ustilagi nomycetes. Sori in all or most capsules on an infected plant, infected capsules slightly swollen and all of the seeds are replaced by a powdery, cinnamon-brown spore mass. Spores solitary when mature, subglobose to broadly ellipsoid, 14 -26 × 14 -19 μm, pale to medium yellowish brown; wall even, 1-2 μm thick including surface ornamentation, densely verruculose, warts c.
Notes -The genus Tirmania has only two accepted species, T. nivea and T. pinoyi, which are mainly distributed in arid areas with alkaline soils, from the north of Africa and west of Asia  (Malençon 1973 , Kagan-Zur et al. 2014). Tirmania honrubiae differs from T. nivea and T. pinoyi based on its ITS sequence data and the spore ornamentation. Tirmania nivea has spores that are smooth or minutely roughened and broadly ellipsoid in shape. Tirmania pinoyi has spores that are more conspicuously ornamented, but are clearly shorter than those of T. honrubiae when they are observed under a scanning electron microscope. Phylogeny inferred using Neighbour-Joining (NJ) and Maximum Parsimony (MP) methods. The first numbers on the branches are the NJ bootstrap support values (≥ 50 %) and the numbers after the slash represent the MP bootstrap support values (≥ 50 %) based on 500 bootstrapping replicates.
The evolutionary distances were computed using the Maximum Composite Likelihood analysis of ITS rDNA sequences. Eremiomyces species (GenBank JN392333, KY678905, AF435825, AF435829) were the outgroup. There was a total of 491 positions in the final dataset. Phylogenetic analyses were conducted in MEGA4  (Tamura et al. 2007). Notes -To date, the genus Xylophallus has been considered monospecific with X. xylogenus, the smallest phalloid yet described (up to 15 mm high), as the type of the genus. The immature basidiomes of X. xylogenus have a smooth surface, and mature basidiomes are fusiform, with reticulate pseudostipes. However, X. clavatus is macroscopically characterised by its large basidiome size, the immature basidiome surface with protuberances, the clavate shape of the mature basidiomes, and the pseudostipe with relatively shallow reticulations.
Araucasphaeria differs from Pseudoteratosphaeria  (Quaedvlieg et al. 2014 ) in having ascomata aggregated in a stroma, ostioles that are lined with hyaline, branched, septate periphysoids, and ascospores encased in a prominent mucoid sheath. Based on a megablast search of NCBIs GenBank nucleotide database, the closest hits using the ITS sequence had highest similarity to Pseudotaeniolina globosa (GenBank KC311489. 1; Identities = 482/548 (88 %), 20 gaps (3 %)), Phaeothecoidea proteae (GenBank EU707898. 1; Identities = 483/553 (87 %), 27 gaps (4 %)) and Xenophacidiella pseudocatenata (GenBank JF499851. 1; Identities = 485/555 (87 %), 35 gaps (6 %)). Closest hits using the LSU sequence are Pseudoteratosphae ria secundaria (GenBank EU019306. 2; Identities = 847/868 (98 %), 1 gap (0 %)), Pseudoteratosphaeria flexuosa (Gen-Bank JN232432.
1; Identities = 846/868 (97 %), 1 gap (0 %)) and Pseudoteratosphaeria ohnowa (GenBank EU019305. 2; Identities = 846/868 (97 %), 1 gap (0 %)). Fungal Planet 757 -13 July 2018 Corynespora pseudocassiicola  Crous & M. J. Wingf. , sp. nov. Etymology. Name refers to the morphological similarity to Corynespora cassiicola. Classification -Corynesporascaceae, Pleosporales, Dothi deomycetes. Leaf spots amphigenous, but more prominent on upper leaf surface, medium brown with broad, dark brown border, circular to subcircular, 5-20 mm diam. Mycelium immersed, stromata absent. Conidiophores 200 -400 × 5 -7 µm, septate, dark brown, smooth, cylindrical, flexuous, thick-walled, solitary, at times arising in clusters of 3 -6 from a reduced stroma consisting of a few brown, globose cells, 10 -13 µm diam. Conidiogenous cells terminal, integrated, dark brown, smooth, cylindrical, with obtuse apex with tretic central pore, 12 -50 × 5 -7 µm.