dataesr/scientific-paragraphs-categorization huggingface dataset:
bispiralis STIREWALT 1937 -posterior end pointed; preoral intestine short; adhesive papillae and rhabdites absent; limnic habitat; also distinguished via bPTP and mPTP analyses ( Etymology: This species is dedicated with many thanks to Dr. Marco Curini-Galletti, who found the first specimens of these animals. Material examined: Holotype. Asexual specimen, Sweden, Fiskeba ¨ckskil, Kristineberg Sven Loven Center for Marine Research, 58˚14 0 59 00 N, 11˚26 0 45 00 E, 20 Aug. 2015, marine, sublittoral phytal on algae, M. Curini-Galletti leg. (SMNH-Type-9153; GenBank Accession 18S MK504534). Additional materials, 5 asexual, same as holotype (SMNH-Type-9154 to 9157, SMNH-Type-9166; GenBank Accession 18S MK504530 to MK504533). Description: Microstomum with a total body length to 1. 4 mm, 2 zooids.
Material examined: Holotype, Asexual specimen, Italy, Sant Andrea Bay, 42˚48 0 31 00 N, 100 8 0 30 00 E, 26 April 2010, marine (MTP LS 660; GenBank Accession 18S KP730483). Other materials, Asexual specimen, same as holotype (MTP LS 635; GenBank Accession 18S KP730493). Description: Microstomum with a total body length to 0. 8 mm, 2 zooids. Body colorless and without pigmented eyespots. Anterior end conically pointed with row of adhesive papillae at the frontal end, ~30 μm from anterior tip. Posterior end forming a distinct tail-plate separated by a constriction of the body width. Width to length ration is approximately 1:5. Ciliary pits large, present posterior to brain; each forming a roundish indentation angled slightly anteriorly; extending inward 21 μm with 16 μm long openings. Epidermis uniformly covered with cilia.
Rhabdites bundles scattered throughout the body, ~12-17 μm. In addition to those at the frontal end, numerous adhesive papillae, 10 μm long, are present at the tail-plate and less frequently at the margins to approximately halfway up the body. Mouth circular and surrounded by cilia. Pharynx 220 μm long, surrounded by normal ring of pharyngeal glands. Preoral intestine reaching to level halfway between pharynx and brain. Reproductive system unknown. Ciliary pits present, cup shaped, located at level between anterior pharynx and brain. Preoral intestine short, reaching just anterior to pharynx. Rhabdites absent, but with many nematocysts intensely concentrated at posterior end. Male stylet a curved tube tapering distally to a slightly enlarged end. GenBank accession number for partial CO1 sequence KP730580; for 18S KP730505.
Etymology: This species is named after the collection location (maris, Latin: sea; rubri Latin: red) Material examined: Holotype: 1, Egypt, Mangrove Bay, 25˚52 0 15 00 N, 34˚25 0 04 00 E, 11 January 2009, marine (lactophenol preparation NHMUK-2015. 1. 30. 22; digital morphological voucher MTP LS 524; GenBank Accession CO1 KP730580, 18S KP730505). Description: Microstomum with a total body length to 0. 65 mm, 2 zooids. Body colorless and without pigmented eyespots. Anterior end long, measuring 95 μm from tip to anterior brain, with a widely rounded tip. Body width slightly decreasing from frontal end to ciliary pits, slightly increasing toward the middle of the animal and then decreasing again to a blunt posterior end. Animal measures approximately 80:70:120:45 μm at frontal end: ciliary pits: body middle: posterior end.
Atherton leg. (GenBank Accession CO1 MK504633, 18S MK504553). [57]-Norway, Herdla, Kvaernepoll current; Sweden, Gullmarfjord This paper: Sweden, Fiskeba ¨ckskil, 58˚15'05"N 11˚27'52" E Diagnosis: Marine Microstomum with strap shaped body, up to 2. 0 mm long and 5 zooids. Colorless and without pigmented eyespots. Anterior end rounded. Posterior tapered to a blunt end. Ciliary pits small. Numerous rhabdites intensely concentrated at frontal end and present throughout body. Numerous adhesive papillae present at posterior end and more sparsely anterior. Characteristic grouping of adhesive papillae covering the anterior tip: field longest at both lateral sides and curving upwards toward the middle. Preoral intestine extending to brain. Reproductive system including male stylet, 60 μm long, and shaped as a smooth curve 180˚curve, with a maximum width ~⅙ of the way to the distal end, decreasing proximally and also distally to a point.
GenBank accession number for partial CO1 sequence MK504633; for 18S MK504553. Etymology: This species is named in honor of Dr. Einar Westblad, who first described these animals. Description: Microstomum with a total body length to 2. 0 mm, 5 zooids. Body colorless and without pigmented eyespots. Body strap-shaped with a bluntly rounded anterior end, an almost equal width along entire body until a slight decreasing in width to a bluntly rounded posterior end. Ciliary pits small and shallow cups, located at level of anterior pharynx. Epidermis uniformly covered with cilia. Nematocysts not seen or recorded. Rhabdites present, ~15-30 μm long, throughout entire body, but intensely concentrated at anterior end. Numerous adhesive papillae, ~12-15 μm long, present at posterior end and more sparsely anterior.
DNA taxonomy provides a robust, reproducible and relatively easy method of identification that can also account for the hidden biodiversity of cryptic species  [28] [29]. The results of the bPTP analyses on the concatenated 18S and CO1 datasets (Fig 2 ) were able to reliably separate the species of Microstomidae and supported the more traditional morphological delineation. Support for four species (M. crildensis, M. laurae, M. lotti, M. septentrionale) was consistent but low (0. 49-0. 68) and is unsurprising given the overall low intraspecific genetic diversity within each Microstomum species. Support was moderate to high (�0. 79) for all other species. Within the Microstomidae, our results found all limnic species (M. artoisi, M. bispiralis, M. lineare, M. tchaikovskyi, M. zicklerorum) grouped together in a single clade with high support (0.
Microstomum afzelii sp. nov. ; Fig 3 Type: Asexual, SMNH-Type-9151; GenBank accession 18S MK504480, CO1 MK504554 Type Locality: Sweden, Salto ¨, 58˚52'29"N 11˚08'41" E, 10 cm Habitat: Marine, eulittoral sand GenBank Accession: 18S -MK504480 CO1 -MK504554 Body length 0. 8 mm, 2 zooids. Body colorless, without pigmented eyespots. Body shape elliptical with rounded anterior and posterior ends. Ciliary pits weakly present, small and difficult to discern. Adhesive papillae and rhabdites sparsely present. Nematocysts particularly concentrated at posterior end. Preoral intestine long, extending anterior to brain. Reproductive system unknown.
canum. GenBank Sequences 18S -MK504476 -MK504479, specimens from Sweden CO1 -MK504602 -MK504607, specimens from Sweden Body length of solitary animal to 0. 9 mm, chains to 3. 0 mm. Maximum 10 zooids, 4 most common. Body color light yellow with greenish anterior (proboscis). Black pigmented eyespots present. Anterior end sharply decreasing in width to form distinct proboscis, with sensory cilia, papillae and numerous circular folds, and denoted by paired transverse tufts of cilia at base. Posterior tip with thin tail and terminal sensory cilia. Preoral intestine extending anterior to brain. Intestine non-ciliated, often with diatoms and protozoa. Rhabdites may be present in the anterior end. Male reproductive system including a single testis, which may be bilobed in some specimens. Stylet weakly arched connecting to seminal vesicle.
Female system unknown. Notes: Brinkmann  [74]  (pg 66) argued that both Alaurina viridirostrum and A. claparedii were identical to this species, stating that the very few differences were due to errors derived from outdated methods of investigation and/or a lack of sufficient specimens. GenBank Accession: 18S -MK504526 -MK504529, specimens from Sweden CO1 -MK504608 -MK504611, specimens from Sweden Body to 1. 5 mm, maximum 4 zooids. Solitary animal 0. 9 mm. Body colorless; pigmented eyes absent. Ends rounded, posterior with adhesive papillae. Constriction at level of brain at ciliary pits. Preoral intestine short, not quite reaching level of brain. Rhabdites and nematocysts absent. Single testis, located at the very caudal end of the animal. Vesicula granulorum connected to a 32 μm long stylet, shaped as a curved tube of approximately consistent width and with distal terminal opening.
Microstomum curinigalletti sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank. org:act:0385A782-B841-4DE0-BD6B-EA4B34141D0B Fig 4 Diagnosis: Marine Microstomum with a body length of 1. 4 mm, 2 zooids. Anterior body end colored ochre to dark yellow-orange. Body otherwise colorless without pigmented eyespots. Body shape with a conically rounded anterior end and wide, blunt posterior end. Numerous adhesive papillae present at posterior end. Rhabdites present but few, scattered across the body. Ciliary pits large and bottle-shaped, located anterior to pharynx. Preoral intestine short. Reproductive system unknown. GenBank accession number for partial 18S sequence MK504534.
Microstomum inexcultus sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank. org:act:1CD16060-CAEF-4EC8-9709-7AF32D6641CB Fig 5 Diagnosis: Marine Microstomum with a body length of 0. 85, 2 zooids. Colorless and without pigmented eyespots. Body shape with a conically pointed anterior end and a tapered posterior end with a blunt tip. Numerous adhesive papillae present at posterior end. Rhabdites absent. Ciliary pits clearly present. Preoral intestine long, stretching almost to anterior body end. Reproductive system unknown. GenBank accession number for partial CO1 sequence MK504625; for 18S MK504540. Etymology: This species named for its very simple appearance without rhabdites (inexcultus, Latin: unadorned, unembellished) Material examined: Holotype, Asexual specimen, Sweden, Sto ¨mstad, Salto ¨, 58˚52'29"N 110 8'41" E, 18 Jun.
2016, 10 cm depth, marine, eulittoral sand, S. Atherton leg. (SMNH-Type-9158; GenBank Accession CO1 MK504625, 18S MK504540). Additional materials, 5 asexual specimens, same as holotype (SMNH-Type-9159 to 9163; GenBank Accession CO1 MK504625; 18S MK504540); 2 asexual specimens Sweden, 582 5'24"N 11˚39'34" E, 15 Jun. 2015, 1 m depth, marine, S. Atherton leg. (SMNH-Type-5964 to 5965; GenBank Accession CO1 MK504622 to MK504624, MK504626 to MK504629; 18S MK504541 to MK504543).
5 mm, 1 zooid. Body appears light reddish-brown without pigmented eyespots. Anterior end rounded and set apart from the rest of the body by a slight constriction at the ciliary pits. Posterior end conically blunted. Adhesive papillae and rhabdites concentrated at anterior and posterior ends. Ciliary pits present, cup shaped. Preoral intestine short. Reproductive system with curved male stylet, tapering from a wider base to a narrow tube with a beveled tip. GenBank accession number for 18S KP730494. Etymology: This species is named in honor of Gregor Schulte, who was a field assistant during the 2010 BIOSAND workshop and aided in sample collection. Material examined: Holotype, 1, Italy, Fetovaia Bay, 42˚43 0 36 00 N, 10˚09 0 33 00 E, 05 May 2010, marine (lactophenol preparation NHMUK-2015. 1.
30. 21; digital morphological voucher MTP LS 700; GenBank Accession 18S KP730494). Description: Microstomum with a total body length to 1. 5 mm, 1 zooid. Body light reddishbrown, without pigmented eyespots. Anterior end rounded and set apart from the rest of the body by a slight constriction at the ciliary pits. Posterior end conically blunted. Ratio of maximum width:length is ~1:5 in slightly compressed animal.
Microstomum bispiralis STIREWALT, 1937; Figs 16E and 17 Type: Deposition not recorded Type locality: near University of Virginia, Virginia, USA Habitat: Freshwater pools This paper: Sweden, Finland GenBank Accession: 18S -MK504481 -MK504525, specimens from Sweden CO1 -MK504555 -MK504601, specimens from Sweden Maximum 8 zooids, 4 most common, with body length to 4 mm. Following laboratory cultures, individuals can be transparent-grey to bright yellow. Pigmented eyespots absent. Anterior end short conically pointed. Posterior end tapered to a point. Ciliary pits present anterior to mouth, each shaped as a tube extending posteriorly at 45˚angle and ending in an enlarged spherical pocket. Pharynx ciliated, and occupies ⅓ to ½ length of anterior zooid. Preoral intestine short.
Microstomum lotti sp. nov. ; Fig 6 Type: MTP LS 660 Type Locality: Italy, Sant Andrea Bay, 42˚48'31" N, 10˚08'30" E Habitat: Marine GenBank Accession: 18S -KP730483, KP730493 Body length 0. 8 mm, 2 zooid. Colorless and without pigmented eyespots. Anterior end conical; posterior end a spatulate tail plate. Adhesive papillae present in a row ventrally at the.
Microstomum tchaikovskyi ATHERTON & JONDELIUS 2018; Fig 16C Type: Asexual, SMNH-Type-9025; GenBank accession 18S MH221277, CO1 MH221385, ITS MH221479 Type Locality: Sweden, Sollentuna, 59˚26'26"N 18˚00'03"E, 15 cm depth Habitat: Freshwaters of Sweden and Finland, phytal to 20 cm depth GenBank Accession: 18S -MH221277, from Sweden; MH221278, from Finland CO1 -MH221385, from Sweden; MH221386, from Finland ITS-MH221479, from Sweden; MH221480, from Finland Molecular Diagnosis: COI gene region with reference to GenBank Accession MH221288: 6-T; 15-A; T-16; 18-A; 30-G; 54-A; 69-A; 84-A; 180-G; 186-G; 228-A; 246-C; 279-A; 310-C; 312-T; 318-A; 321-A; 333-A; 351-A; 435-T; 486-G; 540-A; 603-A; 609-1; 625-C; 627-T ITS1, 5. 8S, ITS-2 gene region with reference to GenBank Accession MH221390: 121-T; 218-A; 288-T; 353-G; 358-G; 394-G; 497-T; 533-A; 730-G; 759-C; 768-C; 787-A; 800-T; 845-T; 887-T; 999-T Morphological Description: Body length approximately 4 mm, 6 zooids.
Acknowledgments We would like to thank many people for their valuable help, insight and support:  Dr. Tom Artois ,  Edmond Atherton ,  Laura Atherton ,  Adam Bates ,  Dr. Marco Curini-Galletti ,  Dr. Rick Hochberg ,  Ylva Jondelius  and the entire Zickler family. We are grateful to the staffs of the  Stensoffa Research Station, Abisko Scientific Research station, and Umeå Marina Forskningcentrum. We are also particularly indebted to  Dr. Lukas Scha  ¨rer for the collection, documentation and sequencing of four of the species included in this manuscript and for generally providing insights and instruction on Macrostomorpha taxonomy. Many thanks also to  Cassandra Vion-Bailly  for creating and providing all drawings in this manuscript. This research was supported by a grant from the  Swedish Taxonomy Initiative  (no.
5. 5 Microstomum bispiralis STIREWALT, 1937; Figs 16E and 17 Type: Deposition not recorded Type locality: near University of Virginia, Virginia, USA Habitat: Freshwater pools This paper: Sweden, Finland GenBank Accession: 18S -MK504481 -MK504525, specimens from Sweden CO1 -MK504555 -MK504601, specimens from Sweden Maximum 8 zooids, 4 most common, with body length to 4 mm. Following laboratory cultures, individuals can be transparent-grey to bright yellow. Pigmented eyespots absent. Anterior end short conically pointed. Posterior end tapered to a point. Ciliary pits present anterior to mouth, each shaped as a tube extending posteriorly at 45˚angle and ending in an enlarged spherical pocket. Pharynx ciliated, and occupies ⅓ to ½ length of anterior zooid. Preoral intestine short.
12. 12 Fig 2). M. marisrubri. sp. nov. -shape and size of the male stylet; presence of anterior adhesive papillae and more numerous posterior adhesive papillae; also distinguished via bPTP and mPTP analyses (Fig 2). M. punctatum-brown-yellow body coloring with anterior black spots; tail-like posterior end; limnic habitat 11. Microstomum curinigalletti sp. nov. ; Fig 4 Type: Asexual specimen, SMNH-9153; GenBank Accession 18S MK504534 Type locality: Sweden, Fiskeba ¨ckskil, 58˚14 0 59 00 N, 11˚26 0 45 00 E, 20 cm depth Habitat: Marine, sublittoral phytal on algae GenBank Accession: 18S -MK504530 -MK504534 Body length 1. 4 mm, 2 zooids. Anterior body end ochre to dark yellow-orange. Body otherwise colorless without pigmented eyespots. Anterior end conically rounded; posterior end blunt with numerous adhesive papillae.
22. 22 Microstomum lotti sp. nov. ; Fig 6 Type: MTP LS 660 Type Locality: Italy, Sant Andrea Bay, 42˚48'31" N, 10˚08'30" E Habitat: Marine GenBank Accession: 18S -KP730483, KP730493 Body length 0. 8 mm, 2 zooid. Colorless and without pigmented eyespots. Anterior end conical; posterior end a spatulate tail plate. Adhesive papillae present in a row ventrally at the.
38. 39. 3839 Microstomum tchaikovskyi ATHERTON & JONDELIUS 2018; Fig 16C Type: Asexual, SMNH-Type-9025; GenBank accession 18S MH221277, CO1 MH221385, ITS MH221479 Type Locality: Sweden, Sollentuna, 59˚26'26"N 18˚00'03"E, 15 cm depth Habitat: Freshwaters of Sweden and Finland, phytal to 20 cm depth GenBank Accession: 18S -MH221277, from Sweden; MH221278, from Finland CO1 -MH221385, from Sweden; MH221386, from Finland ITS-MH221479, from Sweden; MH221480, from Finland Molecular Diagnosis: COI gene region with reference to GenBank Accession MH221288: 6-T; 15-A; T-16; 18-A; 30-G; 54-A; 69-A; 84-A; 180-G; 186-G; 228-A; 246-C; 279-A; 310-C; 312-T; 318-A; 321-A; 333-A; 351-A; 435-T; 486-G; 540-A; 603-A; 609-1; 625-C; 627-T ITS1, 5. 8S, ITS-2 gene region with reference to GenBank Accession MH221390: 121-T; 218-A; 288-T; 353-G; 358-G; 394-G; 497-T; 533-A; 730-G; 759-C; 768-C; 787-A; 800-T; 845-T; 887-T; 999-T Morphological Description: Body length approximately 4 mm, 6 zooids.
This data article presents the microstructural data as well as the mechanical properties of the CrCoNi medium-entropy alloy (MEA). The data presented in this article are related to the research article entitled "Analysis of strengthening due to grain boundaries and annealing twin boundaries in the CrCoNi medium-entropy alloy", see Ref. Schneider et al. , 2019. This article can be referred to for the analysis and interpretation of the data, as well as their comparison to other datasets in literature. Microstructural data available in the present paper are backscattered electron micrographs for sixteen different grain sizes. Also available are pdf reports of grain size analysis (annealing twin boundaries were neglected) and crystallite sizes (including annealing twin boundaries) as well as data describing the number of annealing twin boundaries per grain (n), corresponding Taylor factors (M) and average annealing twin thicknesses (t).
Value of the Data The data compilation contains up-to-date microstructural data and mechanical properties of the ternary CrCoNi mediumentropy alloy. These datasets constitute benchmark data which can be used for machine learning, i. e. a machine could be trained to determine a mean grain size, the number of annealing twin boundaries per grain, etc. This would help to speed up the analysis of microstructures. The numerical values can be used to advance machine learning in terms of Hall-Petch plots. Here, the automated evaluation of stress-strain curves and corresponding grain/crystallite size is of importance. Please note, that due to the high resolution (4096 pixels Â 3775 pixels) of the BSE micrographs, the upload limit (500 MB) of "Data in Brief" was exceeded. Therefore, out of four BSE micrographs per grain size, only one image is given in the attached files.
Acknowledgments M. S. , G. L. , and G. E. acknowledge funding from the  German Research Foundation  through project  B8  of the  SFB/TR 103. This project is associated to the  Priority Program SPP 2006  " Compositionally Complex Alloys -High Entropy Alloys ". A. D. and T. Z. received financial support through the  Czech Science Foundation  project no. 14-22834S  and the project ArMADit no. CZ. 02. 1. 01/0. 0/0. 0/16_025/0007304. E. P. G. is sponsored by the  U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Sciences and Engineering Division.
The CFD computations also required a considerable amount of time to compute the flow and dispersion in an urban environment. However, in order to apply the proposed methodology in an emergency situation for an area of interest in a complex urban or industrial environment, an archive database of CFD calculations can be established for a wide range of meteorological and turbulence conditions and can be utilized in the optimization process. In this study, a simulated annealing (SA) stochastic optimization algorithm  (Jiang et al. , 2007; Abida et al. , 2008; Abida and Bocquet, 2009; Saunier et al. , 2009; Kouichi et al. , 2016; Kouichi, 2017; Ngae et al. , 2019)  is utilized. The SA algorithm was designed in the context of statistical physics. It incorporates a probabilistic approach to explore the search space and converges iteratively to the solution.
The experiment consists of 63 releases of a flammable gas (propylene C 3 H 6 ) that is not dangerous or harmful in quantities and could be released through the dissemination system into the open atmosphere  (Biltoft, 2001). Different wind conditions (direction, speed, atmospheric stability) as well as different positions for gas emissions (inside or outside the MUST urban canopy at different heights) were considered. These gas emissions were carried out under stable, very stable, and neutral stability conditions. In this study, 20 trials in various atmospheric stability conditions are selected and the meteorological variables are taken from an analysis of meteorological and micro-meteorological observations in  Yee and Biltoft (2004)  (Table  1 ). It is noted that the errors related to meteorological data can affect the accuracy of the source term estimation  (Zhang et al.
However, this does not limit the application of the proposed methodology for some important practical applications like accurate emission estimations. In fact, this can be considered a limitation of the data used for this application because for a complete process of optimization and then evaluation one requires a sufficiently long set of measurements so that all the data can be divided into two parts, (i) one part for designing an optimal sensor network and (ii) another part for the evaluation of the designed optimal network. However, the durations of the releases in the MUST field experiment were not sufficiently long to divide all the data from a test release separately into two parts for designing the optimal sensor network and then its evaluation. In further evaluations of the resulting optimal sensor configuration, a different set of concentration measurements can be constructed by adding some noise to the measurements.
Acknowledgements. The authors would like to thank  Marcel König  of the  Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research  and the  Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA)  for providing access to the  MUST  field experiment dataset. The authors gratefully acknowledge  Fluidyn France  for use of the CFD model fluidyn-PANACHE. We also thank  Claude Souprayen  from  Fluidyn France  for useful discussions. Finally, we thank the reviewers  Janusz Pudykiewicz ,  George Efthimiou , two anonymous reviewer, and the topical editor  Ignacio Pisso  for their detailed and technical comments that helped to improve this study. Review statement. This paper was edited by  Ignacio Pisso  and reviewed by  George Efthimiou ,  Janusz Pudykiewicz , and two anonymous referees.
Discussion In this study, two groups of ecological indicators were used that had demonstrated high sensitivity to various human-imposed pressures such as game hunting, transhumance, agricultural activities, etc. in similar ecosystems in Burkina Faso and Niger  21. For a period of eight years, a large set of sampling data was collected from five locations during the various phases of the tsetse eradication project in the Niayes. The data were subjected to three robust analyses, i. e. the impact on the apparent density of individual species, a partial triadic analysis of the apparent density of the most abundant species, and the temporal dynamics of ecological indices. All analyses indicated a limited but significant negative impact of the suppression phase (insecticide targets and pour-on for cattle) on the Shannon index for Cetoniinae, whereas this effect was marginal for Nymphalidae.