dataesr/scientific-paragraphs-categorization huggingface dataset:
Laboratory analyses Grain-size analyses were conducted on the retrieved sediment samples  (Bartz et al. , 2017; Ernst, 1970; Ginau et al. , 2018). Samples were air-dried, ground with a mortar and pestle, and sieved to separate the ⩽2 mm grain-size fraction for further analyses. The organic content was decomposed using hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ; concentration: 15%). Sodium pyrophosphate (Na 4 P 2 O 7 ; concentration: 47 g/l) was used as a dispersant before laser-based grain-size analyses were performed (Beckman Coulter LS13320). For the calculation of grain-size parameters after Folk and Ward (1957), the GRADISTAT software  (Blott and Pye, 2001)  was applied. Up to 30 elements were determined using a portable XRF spectrometer (Niton XL3t 980). To ensure comparability of all XRF data and to reduce grain-size dependencies, each sample was ground to powder in a ball mill (Retsch PM 400) and subsequently pressed to pills before being measured  (Ginau et al.
Dating The chronological framework of the cores is based on 14 C-AMS age estimates. 14 C-AMS dating was done at the Centre for Applied Isotope Studies, University of Georgia, Athens, USA (lab code: UGAMS) and the Beta Analytic Inc. Laboratory, Miami, USA (lab code: BETA). When possible, we used soft charcoal that is not prone to reworking. Otherwise, we bulk-sampled about 50 foraminiferal tests of the genus Ammonia for dating. Depending on the δ 13 C value, each sample was calibrated using either the IntCal20 or the MARINE20 calibration curves of the recent Calib 8. 20 (http://calib. org/calib) software  (Reimer et al. , 2020)  with a marine reservoir effect of 390 ± 85 years and a ΔR of 35 ± 70 years  (Siani et al. , 2000). The latter used marine shells of known age sampled on the Dardanelles' shores and later stored in the Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (Paris) to calculate the local marine reservoir age and its ΔR.
, , 2019;; Vacchi et al. , 2016 Vacchi et al. , , 2020 ; Figure  3 ). Judging by their chronology and function in Enez, these are: (1) a necropolis outside the ancient city walls; (2) a spring tapping inside a Byzantine church (Kral Kızı Kilisesi); and (3) the entrance level of a Late Byzantine fortification tower. Table  1. Radiocarbon datasheet. 14 C-AMS dating was carried out at Centre for Applied Isotope Studies, University of Georgia, Athens, USA (lab code: UGAMS) and the Beta Analytic Inc. Laboratory, Miami, USA (lab code: BETA). All ages were calibrated with the IntCal20 or Marine20 calibration curves depending on sample δ 13 C using the recent Calib 8. 20 software  (Reimer et al. , 2020). A marine reservoir effect of 390 ± 85 years and a ΔR of 35 ± 70 years  (Siani et al. , 2000)  were applied.
Comparison with modeled sea-level curves for the study area We calculated two models of RSL rise for the study area. All show a steady rise in RSL up to -0. 5 m b. s. l. at ~6500 yrs BP. Following the ICE-6G (VM5a), RSL reached the present-day level ~5800 years ago and persisted at that level until today. The ANU model is in good agreement with ICE-6G (VM5a), showing a slower rate in RSL rise but reaching a maximum of ~+0. 20 m above the present-day around 2000 yrs BP, when Ainos was densely settled. For the ANU model and ICE-6G (VM5a), constant relative sea-level variations for the past 3000 years can be stated. Interestingly, all modeled curves are above the level of the sarcophagi of Archaic age and the spring basin, which is, of course, in conflict with reality. The reasons for this significant offset between the modeled curves and the field-based data points are manifold.
Acknowledgements This project was conducted in the context of the  DFG priority program (SPP) 1630 "Harbours - from the  Roman Period  to the  Middle Ages " ( 2012-2018 ). Our research was part of the  Ainos  Project, headed by the excavation director  Sait Başaran  ( İstanbul Üniversitesi, Turkey ). We thank his team for their generous support during fieldwork. The authors wish to thanks  Daniele Melini  of the  Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia of Rome (Italy)  for establishing, the  ANU curve. Furthermore ,  Majid Pourkerman ,  Iranian National Institute for Oceanography, Tehran, Iran , is thanked for helping with the creation of some of the maps. Finally, the  Ministry of Culture and Tourism of the Republic of Turkey  kindly granted the research permits.
Funding The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: Financial support was granted to HB and to TS ( SCHM 2831/2-1, -2 ) by the  German Research Foundation  and to AD ( CNRS, Paris ; project " Legecartas "). GS is funded by an  FFABR (Finanziamento delle Attività Base di Ricerca)  grant of the  MIUR (Ministero dell'Istruzione, Ministerio dell'Università e della Ricerca)  and by a  DiSPeA  ( Dipartimento di Scienze Pure e Applicate dell'Università di Urbino ) research grant. im 1. Millennium AD: bauliche Konzepte, herrschaftliche und religiöse Einflüsse. Mainz: Römisch-Germanisches Museum , pp. 53-76 (in German). Cimerman F and Langer MR (1991) Mediterranean Foraminifera. Ljubliana:  Slovenska Akademija Znanosti in Umetnosti, Academia Scientarium et Artium Slovenca.
Lapidary artifacts show an impressive abundance and diversity during the Ceramic period in the Caribbean islands, especially at the beginning of this period. Most of the raw materials used in this production do not exist naturally on the islands of the Lesser Antilles, nevertheless, many archaeological sites have yielded such artifacts on these islands. In the framework of a four-years-long project, we created a database by combining first hand observations and analysis, as well as a thorough literature survey. The result is a database including more than 100 sites and almost 5000 beads, pendants, blanks and raw material fragments.
Overview 1. 1 Context 1. 1. 1 The PAAF Project This database has been created in the framework of the PAAF Project (Parures Amérindiennes en matériaux lithiques ans les Antilles Françaises), which were funded from 2016 until 2019 by the French Ministry of Culture and the Guadeloupe Regional Council. This project consisted in three workpackages, including chaînes opératoires studies, gemmology, and the creation of a regional database and GIS. More information on the other results obtained during this project can be found in  (Queffelec et al. 2018) ,  (Queffelec et al. 2020 ) and  (Queffelec et al. , accepted).
After this specific period of time when the lapidary craftsmanship seems to be at the center of the symbolic production of the inhabitants of the Antilles, the middle, recent and late Ceramic periods decrease their investment in this type of personal ornaments (e. g. Queffelec et al. 2020; Bérard 2013; Hofman et al. 2007; Knippenberg 2007; Rodriguez 1993). Quite surprisingly, little work has been specifically dedicated to the study of the lapidary personal ornaments in the Antilles, despite the potential information one could extract from it. The most comprehensive study of these artifacts is clearly the one made by  Cody (1990 Cody ( , 1993) )  based on a survey she sent by post to every archaeologist working in the Caribbean area to build a database. This major work enabled her to compare the results she obtained for the site of Pearls, on Grenada  (Cody 1991) , to the rest of the Antilles by building a first framework of inter-islands relationship.
Spatial coverage The geographic distribution of the dataset encompass the complete archaeological record of the Caribbean islands. However, some islands did not yield any lapidary artifacts, or at least none that we could find in the literature. We registered the lapidary artifacts for all the regions of the PEER COMMUNITY IN ARCHAEOLOGY 3 Caribbean arc which can be divided in the Lesser Antilles (Leeward Antilles, Leeward Islands and Windward Islands), the Greater Antilles (Puerto rico, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Cuba) and the Lucayan archipelago (Bahamas, Turks and Caicos Islands). The northernmost site in our dataset is Minnis-Ward, the southernmost is Erin Bay, the easternmost is Lovers Retreat (TOB-69) and the westernmost is E2 Fort Charles (Fig. 1 , Table  1 ).
Temporal coverage The database compiled in this study aims at consolidating and disseminating data about lapidary artifacts in the Caribbean islands recovered from archaeological excavations or surveys for the period before the arrival of the Europeans in the archipelago. Thus, while the end limit is well known around the end of the 15th century (depending on the islands), the start limit may be different for each island based on the current knowledge of the first human occupations in the Antilles  (Napolitano et al. 2019 ). However, the start of Early Ceramic period, supposed to represent the beginning of lapidary production in this region, is generally set to ca. 400 calBC. Most of the archaeological sites registered in the database relates to the Early and Middle Ceramic period (mainly Saladoid culture) and some to the Late/Final Ceramic period (mainly Troumassoid and Barrancoid cultures).
Steps The database compiled in this work has been created based on two different methodologies: piece by piece first-hand analysis, and literature screening. Both methods were used in parallel for the duration of the project. Presently, the dataset of lapidary artifacts contains 4991 entries, originating from 87 sites. Data about lapidary artifacts in the French islands of the Antillean (from south to north: Martinique, Guadeloupe, St. Barthelemy and St. Martin) have been registered thanks to missions in the museums, the storage of the Ministry of Culture, and by extracting some collections to study them in continental France. The detailed methodology is described in the case studies articles  (Queffelec et al. 2018 (Queffelec et al. , 2020) )  and includes mainly photography, classic measurements with digital caliper, technological study, and mineralogical determination by eye and systematically confirmed by Raman spectroscopy.
The literature review, which accounts for the most part of the dataset, has been conducted as a long-term job. As for every literature review, it includes the reading of the major works on the subject and the literature cited by these major works. In the case of our specific study, one of the major sources of information has been the proceedings of the twenty-eight International Association for Caribbean Archaeology (IACA) congresses, in which the words bead, pendant, perle, pendentif, cuenta, pendiente, perla, have been systematically searched for. Some unpublished information has also been recovered by directly contacting the archaeologists currently excavating sites, as well as diving into the reports from French commercial archaeology. Numeric literature was the main source of documentation and the search for specific words was thus done thanks to the pdf reading software.
Quality control The data that entered in the database is of heterogeneous quality. It goes from high resolution macro photos to no image at all, from Raman spectroscopy and X-Ray diffraction mineralogical studies to nakedeye greenstone determination, from recent excavations with complete sieving to surface collection. The authors made their best to find the best data about each artifact, including dissecting fieldwork reports, but the quality of the literature is very diverse. Data cleaning and consistency have been realized thanks to the use of standardized thesaurus with dropdown menus to avoid typos for most of the fields. For other fields, we created lists of values for each variable to spot the discrepancies. For numeric variable, graphics based on the measurements were explored in order to spot any outlier and check on its values.
Constraints Most of the constraints relate to the literature-based part of the database, since the French artifacts have all been photographed, measured and analyzed during the project. The quality of the information in the literature is very heterogeneous, because of the seniority and/or the lack of exhaustiveness of the publications. The quality of information has been problematic for several topics of the database, including: • the mineralogical determination of the raw material used by the Amerindians, mostly done by naked eye by untrained archaeologists • the quality of the reproduction of ancient photographs in scanned or photocopied documents • the lack of complete description of lapidary assemblages in most of the sites. The table or text of the articles may list tens of artifacts, while the figures only depict 5 of them.
• the difficulty of assessing the origin of the artifacts in multicomponents archaeological sites • the difficulty of cultural attribution for ancient excavations Beyond these constraints related to the existing artifacts' collections, the major issue related to the completeness of the archaeological record is of course very significant. An important part of the artifacts registered in this database come from ancient excavations or surface collections by amateur archaeologists or collectors. Therefore, even if the quality of the archaeological literature would be excellent, and we could have a perfect recording in the database of the artifacts recovered since the beginning of the 20 th century, it would still lack much information for technological studies of the chaînes opératoires due to the lack of sieving, the picking of nice and complete artifacts by collectors etc.
Islands table (ISLANDS and ILES) Island is the name of the island. Country is the country from which the island is part of. Region is the large area in which the island is located (Lesser Antilles, Greater Antilles, Central America, South America, North America). It includes the continent surroundings the Caribbean because this table is also used for the database of potential sources of raw materials, which is a work in progress. Index_Island is a combination of two letters used as short notation. ID_Island is an unique integer for each Island of the Caribbean, taken from the Global Administrative database (GADM) which gives a unique integer for each administrative subdivision in the world.
Sites table (SITES_EN and SITES_FR) This table is related to the Islands table by the ID_Island field. It therefore automatically integrates the Island parameter from this table. Index_Site is the unique chain of characters identifying the site. It is composed of the Index_Island, a dash, and two digits for the number of the site on this island. For example, GD-01 is the first recorded site for Guadeloupe. Site is the name of the archaeological site. ID_Island is an unique integer for each Island of the Caribbean, taken from the Global Administrative database (GADM) which gives a unique integer for each administrative subdivision in the world. City is the name of the city in which the archaeological site is situated. Longitude and Latitude are the geographic coordinates of the site. They are expressed in WGS84 decimal degrees.
Dataset creator The database has been created in the framework of the PAAF project, led by Alain Queffelec and Pierrick Fouéré, with the technical assistance of Jean-Baptiste Caverne. The information about lapidary artifacts from French islands are the result of analysis done by Alain Queffelec, Pierrick Fouéré and Ludovic BellotGurlet. The literature based records are the result of the work done by Alain Queffelec with the help of Jean-Baptiste Caverne.
Filemaker server The database, including photos and drawings, is accessible as a Filemaker server application managed by the Huma-Num service, an institutionnal repository of the C entre N ational de la R echerche S cientifique (CNRS) (Fig. 3 ). Users can use the database in reading mode only or, if interested in participating in improving the quality of the database, can have more advanced rights by directly asking the authors. The database is located here: https://fm02. db. humanum. fr/fmi/webd/PACEA_PAAF (click on "se connecter en tant qu'invité" if you just want to be in reading mode). Database is available in French and English, by changing the model (arrow in the top left corner).
Acknowledgments The authors want to thank the funders of the PAAF project: the Regional Service of Archaeology of Guadeloupe, the Regional Council of Guadeloupe and the Regional Service of Martinique. We are also in debt with everyone that helped us accessing the artifacts: the Regional Services of Guadeloupe and Martinique, the Edgar Clerc Museum in Guadeloupe, the Musée d'Archéologie et de Préhistoire de Martinique, the society EVEHA for very recent excavations. Some of the entries of the database have been filled thanks to the information kindly provided by Catarina Guzzo Falci in the framework of the project NEXUS1492 ((FP7/2007-2013)/ERC Grant agreement n°319209), and by Quetta Kaye, Scott Fitzpatrick and Michiel Kappers for data on Carriacou. The filemaker application for the.
Introduction People with schizophrenia die about 15-20 years earlier than the general population. A constellation of factors contributes to this gap in life expectancy: side effects of psychotropic drugs, unhealthy lifestyles (inactivity, unhealthy diet) and inequality in the provision of healthcare services. This is a topic of main importance, which requires constant update and synthesis of the literature. The aim of this review is to explore the evidence of physical comorbidity and use of healthcare services in people with schizophrenia. Methods and analysis We will conduct a systematic literature search in the databases PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science, PsycINFO and Cochrane Library, Proquest Health Research Premium Collection, in order to identify studies that answer to our research question: Are patients with schizophrenia different from the non-psychiatric population in terms of physical comorbidity and use of healthcare services? Two authors will independently review the studies and extract the data.
Search strategy We will conduct a systematic literature search of the following databases: PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science, PsycINFO and Cochrane Library, Proquest Health Research Premium Collection. Language restriction: English, Spanish or French. There will be no restrictions by date. The following search terms will be used: "Schizophrenia"[Mesh]) AND "Comorbidity"[Mesh])) AND "schizophrenia"[Title]) AND (("medical comorbidity") OR "physical comorbidity") The references of included studies will also be screened. Full search strategy is shown in online supplemental file 1. Planned start date is 20 November 2021. Planned completion date is 20 February 2022.
Study selection and data extraction Titles and/or abstracts of the paper retrieved will be screened independently by two reviewers to identify studies that potentially meet the inclusion criteria. The full text of these studies will be independently assessed by the two reviewers. Discrepancies between reviewers will be resolved by discussion, with the participation, if necessary, of a collaborator. Data will be identified, checked and mined by two independent reviewers. The following variables will be collected: author; design; country; year of study publication; study design; sample size; age of the sample; gender distribution of the sample; clinical setting-inpatients/outpatients-; outcomes; measures; main findings. Authors of the selected studies will be contacted if additional information is needed.
There were two good reasons behind opting for such a technique: first, the existing databases used for the calculation of price indexes immediately allowed for this type of analysis, no additional data collection was required; second, the method appeared completely natural and clear to the price statisticians in charge of the study, who, however, were not really at ease with the complex analyses of purchasing power parities. The choice was thus apparently technically driven, marking the reluctance of price statisticians to engage with a methodology perceived to be too complex, and involving national accounting approaches they could not master. This "technically" driven choice had however substantial consequences on the public reception of the study. The applied method was less suited to address the purchasing power question, and thus was also far from adequate to address the societal demands for more accurate data on price differentials.
The present study is centered on the acquisition of the NP in TL French by beginning adult learners in a natural learning environment. This study sets out to understand how the constraint of an obligatory determiner in L2 French will affect the emergence of this category in adult L2 acquisition and to observe whether a similar development process to that attested in the productions of French-speaking children will be found in adult L2 French productions. In order to respond to these questions, adult L2 data need to be collected in the same way as the L1 data, that is, through a longitudinal study of the learners' productions in free conversation. It follows that the data selected and analyzed for the present study come from the ESF corpus in which the L2 oral productions of beginning learners were recorded in a natural setting.
These data are comparable with the L1 data in their longitudinal nature and in the type of discourse used to elicit these productions, namely daily conversations. Most of the research conducted within the ESF project focused on utterance structure in the acquisition of the verb phrase (VP). Although studies on the acquisition of the NP were less common, several tendencies were identified. In the French L2 data of the ESF project, a series of nouns usually followed the word order of spoken French, which, to a large extent, corresponds to the order of learners' SL as well. Some examples are: carte séjour by an Arabic speaker, Abdelmalek  (Véronique 1986 ) and alliance france by a Spanish speaker, Berta  (Noyau 1986 ). This simple lexical formulation (with or without a determiner) provides no explicit grammatical information about the relationship between the two nouns.
Informants As mentioned above, our study is based on longitudinal data collected for the ESF project. In order to compare the type of data analyzed by  Bassano et al. (2008)  for child L1 acquisition, we selected free conversations of two learners of French, Berta (native speaker of Spanish) and Zahra (native speaker of Arabic), over three recording cycles. Prior research conducted on ESF data  (Klein and Perdue 1997; Benazzo 2002; Giuliano 2004 ) reveals three stages of L2 acquisition, as described above, which do not necessarily coincide with the recording periods. Berta's productions show three stages-pre-BV, BV, and post-BV-whereas Zahra's productions begin to show characteristics of the BV already in cycle 1. Her progress towards post-BV is gradual and begins at the end of cycle 2  (Giuliano and Véronique 2005).
Neither had studied another language before the onset of the ESF project. For cycle 1, conversations with Berta were recorded 10 months after her arrival in France, and those with Zahra, 20 months after her arrival. Approximately 7 months passed before the recordings of cycle 2 took place for each of the learners. Cycle 3 recordings started an additional 9 months later for Berta and 16 and a half months for Zahra. In spite of this different time frame for the two learners, their productions highlight the gradual evolution towards the post-BV already reported in prior research examining the production data of these two women  (Noyau 1991; Véronique 1986). Given that the recordings of our two learners did not take place at precisely the same time, we do not attempt to compare their productions at any given cycle.