dataesr/scientific-paragraphs-categorization huggingface dataset:
V. SUMMARY The 77 Se(n, γ ) cross section was measured up to 200 keV neutron energy at the n_TOF facility at CERN. Resonance energies and capture kernels for neutron energies up to 51 keV were determined using the R-matrix code SAMMY, and the unresolved cross section was determined up to 200 keV neutron energy. All resonances above 4 keV are reported for the first time, and we have identified new resonances also below 4 keV. Obtained individual resonance parameters allowed constraining of average resonance parameters. These parameters were fully consistent with those obtained using FITACS code from the unresolved resonance region and (with the exception of S 1 ) also with values available in Ref. [11]. Our unresolved cross section between 15 and 100 keV is about 7-8% higher than the only available measurement by Kamada et al.
[3]. Maxwellian averaged cross sections were calculated for kT between 5 and 100 keV. They are up to 32% higher than the values recommended in the KADoNiS v0. 3 database for all stellar temperatures. We have investigated the impact of our new cross section results on s-process nucleosynthesis in a massive star and found a 14% decrease of 77 Se abundances for a 15M , Z = 0. 006 star compared to using KADoNiS v0. 3 MACS values. Similarly, 19% and 14% decreases were found in 77 Se abundance in Z = 0. 002 and Z = 0. 02 stars of mass 2M , respectively.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This work was supported by the  UK Science and Facilities Council  ( ST/M006085/1 ), the  MSMT of the Czech Republic , the  Charles University   UNCE/SCI/013  project, the  European Research Council   ERC-2015-StG No. 677497 , and by the funding agencies of the participating institutes. In line with the principles that apply to scientific publishing and the CERN policy in matters of scientific publications, the n_TOF Collaboration recognizes the work of  Y. Kopatch  and  V. Furman  ( JINR, Russia ), who have contributed to the experiment used to obtain the results described in this paper.
LEAP LEAP is a tied-array telescope comprised of the Effelsberg 100m telescope, the Lo v ell telescope at Jodrell Bank Observatory, the Westerbork Synthesis Radio Telescope, the Nan cay Radio Telescope, and the Sardinia Radio Telescope, simultaneously observing MSPs with monthly cadence. Each observing run has some subset of these telescopes; the voltage data are recorded at each site, then shipped to Jodrell Bank to be correlated and coherently added using the pipeline developed by the LEAP team (details of LEAP in  Bassa et al. 2016  , and details of the correlator in  Smits et al. 2017 ). When all telescopes are available, this results in an ef fecti ve 195-m diameter dish. The scans are typically 30 -60 min. The data are recorded in contiguous 16-MHz sub-bands co v ering 1332-1460 MHz, where the total bandwidth per observation varies between 80-128 MHz depending on the telescopes used; Jodrell Bank and Sardinia never use the full 128-MHz bandwdith.
Long targeted observations Several of the sources have scintillation which is barely resolved in a ∼30 -60 min observation, and with scintles comparable to LEAP's 128 MHz band. This moti v ated us to take tailored observations with a wider bandwidth and a longer duration. In addition to the LEAP observations, we obtained 2-3 hr observations of several LEAP sources where the scintillation was not quite resolved in frequency or time. The data were taken using the PSRIX backend  (Lazarus et al. 2016  ), using the central feed of the seven beam receiver, recorded in 25 MHz sub-bands with a usable bandwidth of 1250-1450 MHz and saved in PSRD AD A 1  format.
( 2020 ). The first year of EPTA fine-channel scintillation products are included for PSRs J0613 -0200 and J1643 -1224, with 12 and 9 observations respectively, to demonstrate the value of these data products to increase the cadence and time span of scintillation data products. A summary of the samples is given in Table  1. Our sample partially o v erlaps with the scintillation study of EPTA pulsars in  Liu et al. ( 2022 ) , where the larger bandwidth, but lower frequency resolution of the Nan cay data set allowed for studies of slightly less scattered sources.
Dynamic and secondary spectra The creation of dynamic and secondary spectra are almost identical to the methods described in  Main et al. ( 2020 ) ;  Mall et al. ( 2022 ) , ho we ver we briefly re vie w and describe differences here. Data were folded using the dspsr software package (van Straten & Bailes 2011 ), beginning from the base band data. The time, phase, and frequency bins were different for each specific pulsar, chosen to fully resolve the scintillation in time and frequency, or equi v alently, to extend suf ficiently far in f D and τ to capture the full extent of arcs in the secondary spectrum. The sub-bands were combined in frequency using psradd in the psrchive software package  (Hotan, van Straten & Manchester 2004 ) , and polarizations were summed to form total intensity. Radio frequency interference (RFI) flagging and treatment of masked pixels is identical to  Main et al.
Top: typical plant, collected at Plougastel-Daoulas (Brittany, France). Bottom: Plant referred to as belonging to the sarniensis-sobolifera complex, collected at Le Conquet (Brittany, France) 1 3 marker established the Palmariales as closely allied to the Nemaliales and Acrochaetiales, which was at the time, an unexpected result. Subsequent phylogenies (e. gHarper  and Saunders 2002; Le Gall and Saunders 2007; Saunders et al. 2018 ) confirmed this relationship. Recent studies based on molecular-genetic data supported the transfer of related species of P. palmata, namely P. mollis, P. callophylloides, P. marginicrassa and P. stenogona, to the genus Devaleraea  (Saunders et al. 2018; Skriptsova and Kalita 2020; Skriptsova et al. 2022). Six species are currently accepted under the Palmaria genus, including Palmaria decipiens (Reinsch) Ricker from the Macquarie Island (Southern Pacific), Palmaria georgica (Reinsch) Ricker from the Southern Atlantic, Palmaria integrifolia Selivanova & Zhigadlova from the Russian Pacific coast, Palmaria hecatensis Hawkes from the Northern Pacific, Palmaria moniliformis (Blinova & Zinova) Perestenko from the Russian Far East and P.
2012 ). In the state of Maine, USA, harvesting macroalgal biomass from wild beds for commercial use is subject to a specific permit issued by the state's Department of Marine Resources (DMR). Harvesters must report their activity to the DMR monthly including harvesting areas, species and landings (State of  Maine DMR 2003). However, only the landings for combined macroalgae species are available from DMR's database. The DMR is in the process of establishing a management plan for Maine's harvested macroalgae including P. palmata. Until such a plan is implemented, the Maine Seaweed Council (MSC, network of commercial and recreational harvesters) created guidelines outlining the best practices for a sustainable harvest. Based on the knowledge of its members, the council advises that a maximum of 75% of the P.
Acknowledgements The authors gratefully acknowledge the following contributors for sharing their knowledge on P. palmata and valuable data related to their respective fields of expertise:  Jean-Baptiste Wallaert & Françoise Duchemin  ( Chambre Syndicale des Algues et Végétaux Marins, France ),  Helena Abreu  (AlgaPlus, Portugal),  Lucy Watson  ( Bord Iascaigh Mhara, Ireland ),  Stefan Kraan  (The Seaweed Company, Ireland),  Raul Ugarte  ( Acadian Seaplant, Canada ),  Tatiana Mikhaylova  ( Komarov Botanical Institute, Russia ),  Cecilie Bay Wirenfeldt (Technical University of Denmark ),  Annelise Chapman  ( Tango Seaweed AS, Norway ) and  Sanna Matsson & Bjørn Tore Nystrand  (Møreforsking AS). The authors are also grateful to anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments and contribution to improving the manuscript.
Material and methods We choose to use a multiple case studies approach because it fits the novel nature of our research question and allows the study of a contemporary phenomenon in the making  (Eisenhardt, 1989; Yin, 2014). Furthermore, no large dataset existed to analyze PC: those data are private, of strategic interest to stakeholders and thus remains confidential, constituting a major research challenge to study contractualization in value chains, as highlighted by  Sykuta and James (2004). It prevented us from running an analysis on secondary data and justified developing an original research design. Hence, our research design draws on the interpretative social science tradition  (Stake, 2010). Our analytical framework provides guidance for data collection and exploration, and for sense-making about processes and patterns related to PC in value chains.
Data collection and analysis for each case As explained above, one case corresponds to the inter-organizational relationships between three main actors linked by PC in a value chain. While most of studies on PC generally focus on the farmers; our approach enables to triangulate the data from the perspective of farmers, storage organizations, and processors. We collected the data by combining a semi-qualitative survey addressed to one of each of the three main stakeholders structuring each value chain under study (a farm; a storage organization; a processor) as well as additional sources of information (to be explained later). Table  2  presents the variables addressed in the survey to address the concepts linked to our analytical framework. The survey was based on 72 open or closed questions distributed across different sections: general information on the respondents, the production contract characteristics and management, the tangible resources for producing grain legumes (like investment in equipment and facilities), the knowledge on producing grain legumes, with the distinction between organizational and network levels, and one synthesis section.
Additional discussions were held during the workshops with the stakeholders under study. Their later answers in the formal survey allowed us to compare these with the first evidence from discussions in the workshops, as the survey questions were similarly formulated for each stakeholder. All the data collected was structured following a thematic analysis based on our analytical framework and concepts (Table  2 ). We used an Excel data set to organize the data. Cross-cases analysis allowed us to identify regularities among the different cases to reveal how PC in the value chains support organizational and network resources. The next section presents the results, and qualitatively explores how the cases fit into our analytical framework; while in section five, we discuss broader implications from the initial evidence of our case studies to strengthen propositions for future studies.
Data collection was closed on July 1, July 18, July 25 in the three countries, respectively. The survey was kept open for longer in Belgium and in Italy because of a holiday within the data collection period in Belgium (typically reducing participation) and with the aim to increase the number of participants in the two countries with the lower sample size. No specific events regarding the COVID-19 pandemic occurred in that period that were likely to affect participants' response. In case of multiple submissions by a single participant, only answers submitted last were considered in the study. The surveys asked questions on the participants' willingness to test for COVID-19, self-isolate and get an additional dose of vaccine, during the upcoming winter. Prospective levels of adherence were investigated under various conditions of symptom status, test cost and in presence or absence of recommendations from health authorities.
Surveys used a test cost of 20 Euros corresponding to the typical price of an antigenic test in subject countries. The full survey text is provided in the Supplementary Information. Participants who indicated their sex, age, education level, and vaccination status were included in the study, provided their age met the age/sex/education stratification available for each country (see below). "Undefined" sex type in Belgium was excluded from the analysis. The Influenzanet sample differed from the general population (Table  2 ). We therefore adjusted the French, Italian, and Belgian survey data on age, sex, and level of education, as in previous work,  13, 14   di statistica, ISTAT  17  ). Based on available data from these sources, we considered the following age classes (young adults, adults, seniors, respectively): [20, 39], [40,  59], 60+ for France and Italy; [25, 44], [45, 64], 65+ for Belgium.
Results Attitudes towards vaccination, testing, and isolation in the 2022/2023 winter season We used the three national platforms of the digital surveillance system Influenzanet in France, Belgium, and Italy (GrippeNet. fr/COVIDnet. fr, Infectieradar. be, Influweb. it, respectively) to investigate prospective behavior on booster uptake, testing, and isolation in the 2022/2023 winter season. Data collection took place in the summer 2022, resulting in 3534 respondents in France, 741 in Belgium, and 319 in Italy, after accounting for the inclusion criteria (see Methods). In the following, results for the three countries will be listed according to decreasing sample size. After adjusting for age, sex, and education, countries displayed a marked difference in the participants' propensity to receive an additional booster dose in the fall of 2022 (72.
g. paid sick leave to encourage and enable self-isolation when sick, remains an important aspect for the management of COVID-19 even beyond the pandemic phase. This would allow the reduction of health disparities  48  and of the overall costs of absenteeism  49  from work due to the spread of winter infections. While prospective compliance to testing and isolation was rather homogeneous across countries, with the few exceptions discussed above, the willingness to get the booster dose recommended to at-risk individuals in the fall 2022 was markedly different. Among senior respondents (60+ individuals in French and Italian datasets and 65+ in the Belgian dataset), we found a higher propensity to vaccinate with the booster dose in Belgium, followed by Italy, and then France, with an uptake overall larger than 72%.
Data sharing statement Survey individual data cannot be shared owing to restrictions imposed by the national data protection authorities. Stratified data on survey responses are available at: https://github. com/influenzanet/publicationsdata/tree/main/2022. 12. 30. 22283726v1. The code used for the analysis is available at: https://github. com/EPIcx-lab/COVID-19/blob/master/Attitudes_ testing_isolation_booster_22_23.
Acknowledgements We thank all participants in the surveys. We thank  Daniel Levy-Bruhl ,  Isabelle Parent , and  Isabelle Bonmarin  for useful comments and discussions on this study. This study was partly supported by:  Agence Nationale de la Recherche  projects  COSCREEN  ( ANR-21-CO16-0005 ) and  DATA-REDUX  ( ANR-19-CE46-0008-03 ) to VC;  ANRS-Maladies Infectieuses Émergentes  project  EMERGEN  ( ANRS0151 ) to VC;  EU   Horizon 2020 grants MOOD  ( H2020-874850 , paper 071) and  RECOVER  ( H2020-101003589 ) to VC,  PANDEM-2  ( 883285 ) to DP, EpiPose ( 101003688 ) to DP, LH, NH;  Horizon Europe VERDI  ( 101045989 ) to VC, NH, DP; the  Chaires Blaise Pascal Program of the Île-de-France  region to JSW.
Human samples All experiments involving human samples conformed to the principles set out in the WMA Declaration of Helsinki and the Department of Health and Human Services Belmont Report. Patient samples OF-MEL-001, OF-MEL-002, OF-MEL-003, OF-MEL-004, OF-MEL-005, OF-MEL-025, OF-MEL-026, OF-MEL-027, OF-MEL-028 and associated histological and clinical data were obtained from the Biological Resource Center of the Lyon Sud Hospital (Hospices Civils de Lyon) following surgery as their standard of care with patient's informed signed consent to reuse biological samples for research purposes. Human melanoma sample OF-MEL-020 was obtained from NeuroBioTec (CRB HCL, Lyon France, Biobank BB-0033-00046) and is part of a collection registered at the French Department of Research  (DC 2008-72). Cutaneous melanoma biopsies OF-MEL-033, OF-MEL-034, OF-MEL-035 were obtained from patients included in the clinical trial NCT0439672, performed in the Lyon Sud Hospital (Hospices Civils de Lyon).
Cutaneous biopsies were taken either from primary lesions or cutaneous metastases, and biopsied before treatment. Human tumor samples and clinical data were collected once the patients signed their informed consent to be included in the study. This minimally invasive study was approved by the national health authorities and ethics committee "Comit e de Protection des Personnes Sud M editerran ee III" (n°ANSM 2019-A00900-57). Following surgery, resected tumors and biopsies were collected and stored in AqIX-RSI sterile medium (AqIX) for a maximum of 24 h. All samples were cryopreserved prior to engraftment, except for OF-MEL-001 and OF-MEL-026 samples which were directly implanted in avian embryos as fresh samples.
Drug administration and determination of drug maximum tolerated dose in chick embryos For the determination of drug maximum tolerated dose, drugs were injected intravenously in chorioallantoic vessels. Twenty-four hours after injection, chick embryos were harvested, weighed (Sartorius Quintix35-1S) and measured along the rostro-caudal axis using the Leica LASX image analysis software. The Body Surface Area (BSA) was calculated using Dubois & Dubois formula: BSA (m 2 ) = 0. 20247 × height (m) 0. 725 × weight (kg) 0. 425. The morphology/anatomy of each embryo was systematically analyzed to check their correct stage-related development. The criteria observed were: the survival (heart beating), the craniofacial morphology (presence of each cerebral compartment and eyes), the presence of four limb buds, the cardiac morphology, and the anatomy of embryonic annexes such as the allantois.
Immunoblot analyses Cells were washed twice with PBS containing CaCl 2 and then lysed in a 100 mM NaCl, 1% NP40, 0. 1% SDS, 50 mM Tris pH 8. 0 RIPA buffer supplemented with a complete protease inhibitor cocktail (Roche, Mannheim, Germany) and phosphatase inhibitors (Sigma-Aldrich). Protein expression was examined by Western blot using the anti-ZEB1 (1/200, Sigma HPA027524, RRID:AB_1844977), anti-ZEB2 (1/500, Sigma HPA003456, RRID:AB_10603840), anti-MITF (clone C5, ab80651, 1/500, Abcam, RRID:AB_1603129), anti-SOX10 (Santa Cruz, sc-365692, RRID:AB_10844002) antibodies for primary detection. Loading was controlled using the anti-GAPDH (1/20,000, Millipore) antibody. Horseradish peroxidase-conjugated rabbit antimouse, goat anti-rabbit, and donkey anti-goat polyclonal antibodies (Dako, Glostrup, Denmark) were used as secondary antibodies.
RNA-Seq mARN from GLO and GLO-R were extracted in duplicates with the RNeasy mini kit (Qiagen) with DNase treatment. RNA libraries were prepared with the NextFlex Rapid Directional mRNA-Seq kit (Bioo-Scientific) with polyA+ mRNA enrichment, and sequenced on the ProfileXpert platform, on an Illumina Nextseq500 sequencing machine with a single read protocol (75 bp; 30 M reads). After demultiplexing and trimming, trimmed reads were mapped using TopHat 2. 1. 00b (Trapnell et al, 2009)  against Human genome (hg19, GRCh37 Feb. 2009 from UCSC) in order to identify expressed genes. Reads mapping on each transcript were numbered and normalized using Cufflinks v. 2. 1. 1  (Trapnell et al, 2010) , fold change between the different groups were calculated using median of groups, and P-values were calculated using a t-test with equal variance and no P-value correction.
Those calculations were performed using a proprietary R script. Mapped reads for each sample were counted and normalized using FPKM method (Fragments Per Kilobase of exon per Milion of mapped reads). Differentially expressed transcripts (|lFC| > 1. 5; P < 0. 05) were analyzed between GLO versus GLO-R. Single sample GSEA (ssGSEA) scores were computed on FPKM normalized data through gsva R package.
Acknowledgements The authors would like to thank  S everine Croze  and  Jo€ el Lachuer , from « Pro-fileXpert » (service de « G enomique & Microg enomique », Universit e Lyon 1, SFR sant e  LYON-EST ,  UCBL-INSERM US 7-CNRS UMS 3453 ) for RNA-Seq experiments. Nicolas Gadot  and  Cl ementine Lenev e (PAR)  for slides stainings. We also thank  B. Manship  for English editing. Y. T. was supported by a fellowship from  Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer  and M. P. by a fellowship from  "R egion Rhônes Alpes " and the  Association pour la Recherche contre le Cancer (ARC). Oncofactory was supported by the program " Innovation clinique " of the  Hospices Civils de Lyon-Lyonbiopôle. This work was conducted within the framework of the  Labex DevWeCAN of Universit e de Lyon , within the  program 'Investissements d'Avenir'  ( ANR-11-IDEX-0007 ) operated by the  French National Research Agency (ANR)  (V.
Participants were all asked the same questions and self-specified their own information at the end of the survey (i. e. , affiliation type, main area of expertise, experience in the field, degree level, and gender). These latter data were collected purely informatively for a coarse understanding of the demographics of the participants involved in this study. Participants were also asked to enter their names in a separate document after completing each round, to track which experts had completed the round while still ensuring the anonymity of the responses. Data from all three rounds and all participants were included in analyses. Data were analyzed through an inductive thematic analysis that involved organizing unstructured text into conceptual nodes or themes  (Crotty & Crotty, 1998). The respondents quoted in the Results are associated with a specific ID code that is indicated in brackets by a letter and a dash followed by the round number in which the response was given, such as "(X-R1).
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We thank all experts who participated in this study. We thank  Valeria Salvatori ,  Luciana Carotenuto , and  Paolo Ciucci  for their feedback on a pilot survey. We are grateful to  Chris Sandbrook ,  Rogelio Luque-Lora ,  Peter Fleming ,  Tracey Regan , and anonymous reviewers for their suggestions. Valerio Donfrancesco  was supported by the  Economic and Social Research Council  (Grant  ES/P000738/1 ). Euan G. Ritchie  was supported by an  ARC Discovery  (Grant  180100747 ). Tim Doherty  was supported by a  Discovery Early Career Researcher Award  from the  Australian Research Council  ( DE200100157 ). Loukas Koungoulos  was supported by an  Australian Government Research Training Program  scholarship. Kylie M. Cairns  was supported by an  Australian Dingo Foundation  grant.
This allowed specific monitoring of the integrity of the lipid bilayer of the SV over time without convolution of the data from the protein signal (Fig. 4a ). The SANS data were fitted using a Guinier-Porod model which provides the radius and a dimension variable (3-s) to define object shapes, where s = 0 represents spheres, s = 1 represents cylinders or rods and s = 2 represents platelet shapes  58  (Table  2 , Supplementary Fig. 5 ). We collected data every hour over 45 h. At the end timepoint the signal intensity from the SV lipid bilayer in the presence of aSyn monomer increases compared to the SV only control and SV with aSyn monomer at 0 h (Fig. 4b. i). The radius of the SV lipid bilayer increases over time from 61. 3 ± 3. 8 nm to 97. 9 ± 11. 8 nm, indicating clumping or fusing of the SVs (Fig.