dataesr/scientific-paragraphs-categorization huggingface dataset:
1) were detected in both NP and P datasets, and further 2152 mRNAs were detected only in the NP with 625 displaying expression unique to the P dataset (Table  S1 ). 1847 transcripts with FPKM > 50 were found in the P dataset. Furthermore, from the 14,288 mRNAs with FPKM > 0. 1 in at least one dataset, 5803 transcripts displayed more than 2-fold enrichment in the NP (NP/P > 2) and 2414 transcripts in the P (P/NP > 2, Figure  4b , Table  S1 ). When we focused on the 2-fold enrichment of transcripts with FPKM > 1, the numbers changed to 4067 mRNAs enriched in the NP dataset and 1778 mRNAs in the P dataset. employed did not recover protein-coding RNAs shorter than 200 bp, the inclusion of fraction 1, provided no technical advantage and it was excluded. However, we acknowledge we cannot completely exclude the possibility that fraction 1 may have contained a small fraction of stored RNPs, that we did not characterise in this study.
Accordingly, we pooled the RNA fractions representing the NP-(fractions 2-5) and Ppopulations (fractions 6-10) and subjected them to RNA-seq according to protocols described in the "Methods" section. A principal component analysis (PCA) of the RNA-seq data (Figure  4a ) revealed that the component 1 (PC1; 28%) clustered the NP and P samples and that the NP samples were less variable in both components (PC2; 21%). Although a correlation of gene expression values showed that there was no profoundly obvious global difference between NP and P datasets (Figure  4b ). Out of all 25,574 mRNAs transcribed from autosomes and chromosome X; 11,511 transcripts (with a value of fragments per kilobase per million reads mapped (FPKM) > 0. 1) were detected in both NP and P datasets, and further 2152 mRNAs were detected only in the NP with 625 displaying expression unique to the P dataset (Table  S1 ).
1847 transcripts with FPKM > 50 were found in the P dataset. Furthermore, from the 14,288 mRNAs with FPKM > 0. 1 in at least one dataset, 5803 transcripts displayed more than 2-fold enrichment in the NP (NP/P > 2) and 2414 transcripts in the P (P/NP > 2, Figure  4b , Table  S1 ). When we focused on the 2-fold enrichment of transcripts with FPKM > 1, the numbers changed to 4067 mRNAs enriched in the NP dataset and 1778 mRNAs in the P dataset. We next employed a 'Gene Set Enrichment Analysis' with the aim of gaining a complete overview of the global trends in gene expression in NEBD-stage oocytes. Thus, we utilised mean FPKM values of the P and the NP datasets from all four replicates and surveyed them in respect to their enrichment in either Gene Ontology ('molecular function' and 'biological process') or KEGG metabolic pathways databases (Figure  4c , full version is provided in Table  S2 ).
We were first interested in the enriched gene categories of the most abundant polysome-bound mRNAs. Furthermore, we determined which gene categories were significantly enriched according to their P/NP ratio, thus giving information about actively translated mRNAs in the NEBD-stage oocytes (Figure  4c ). The obtained results from both analyses are thoroughly described in the Discussion section of the article. We additionally performed DeSeq2 analysis of the NP and the P datasets and obtained a list of 355 transcripts identified as significantly and differentially enriched between NP and P datasets at the level of statistical significance p < 0. 01 (with log2 of FPKM fold changes ranging from -9. 11 to 7. 93; Figure  5 ; Table  S3 ). To validate the results of the RNA-seq analysis, we selected four genes from this list for qRT-PCR analysis using three additional independent biological replicates of P and NP samples.
The selected genes enriched in P fractions according to the RNA-seq data were Paox and Astl (with P/NP ratios of 7. 17 and 5. 88, respectively), and the genes enriched in NP fractions were Upp1 and Sap30bp (with P/NP ratios of 0. 19 and 0. 23, respectively). qRT-PCR results confirmed the direction of enrichment in all four genes, however, the strength of the enrichment was weaker compared to the RNA-seq (Figure  4d , Table  S3 ). Additionally, to confirm applicability of SSP-profiling to other similarly scarce samples, Figure  S5b  includes a result of a qRT-PCR validation of several zygotic genes that have been selected according to the RNA-seq analysis of 200 zygotes of three independent biological replicates (Figure  S5a ), sequenced by Dr. Ch. -J. Lin, Figure  3c  provides qRT-PCR visualisation of the corresponding zygotic polysome profiles).
Volcano plot depicting transcripts according to their P/NP ratio after DeSeq2 analysis. The cut-off scores for the P/NP ratio (displayed as Log2 Fold Change) and the adjusted p-value (Padj, displayed as -Log10P) were set to 4 and 0. 01, respectively. Red spots denote mRNAs that are significant in both parameters; cut-off scores are marked with dotted lines. Gene names highlight mRNAs with strong expression (with FPKM > 80 in at least one from P and NP datasets, Table  S3 ). The application of gradients of varying sucrose concentration is commonly used in cases were enhanced resolution of macromolecular complexes within a specific range of sedimentation velocity coefficients is required (e. g. , 40S-80S, polysomes). Therefore, we tested whether SW55Ti rotor compatible tubes, characterised by reduced gradient volume, are suitable for such high-resolution separation.
Indeed, the gradient of 5%-20% sucrose separated well Volcano plot depicting transcripts according to their P/NP ratio after DeSeq2 analysis. The cut-off scores for the P/NP ratio (displayed as Log 2 Fold Change) and the adjusted p-value (P adj , displayed as -Log 10 P) were set to 4 and 0. 01, respectively. Red spots denote mRNAs that are significant in both parameters; cut-off scores are marked with dotted lines. Gene names highlight mRNAs with strong expression (with FPKM > 80 in at least one from P and NP datasets, Table  S3 ).
In agreement, the conducted Gene Set Enrichment Analysis revealed polysomal enrichment of certain mRNAs, which encoded proteins implicated in an increase of total translation or translation initiation rate, with the potential to contribute to increased polysome formation (GO:0005844, category "polysome", Figure  4c ). We also attempted to confirm that we did not lose some portion of detectable and stored mRNPs by the technically required exclusion of fraction 1 of the fractionated polysome profiles. However, since fraction 1 may only contain mRNPs with a maximum sedimentation coefficient of about 20S, it can be theorised that these mRNPs will preferentially contain only short transcripts of some protein-coding genes. Nevertheless, we assayed for any correlation between transcript length and their calculated P/NP ratio, or any correlation between transcript length and their expression levels, in our derived NPand P datasets (Figure  S6 ).
Continuous absorbance monitoring at 280 nm was performed using an ISCO UA-5 detector and ISCO UV absorbance reader (Teledyne, ISCO, Lincoln, NE, USA). 60% sucrose solution was pumped into SW55Ti and SW41Ti tubes with the speed 1. 8 mL/minute and 2. 2 mL/minute, respectively, using NE-1000 syringe pump (New Era Pump Systems, Inc. , Farmingdale, NY, USA). Polysome profile data were collected and processed using Clarity Lite software  [29].
Bioinformatical and Statistical Analyses Reads were trimmed using Trim Galore! v0. 4. 1, checked for sequencing quality using FastQC v0. 11. 5 and for contamination by mapping to genomes of several model organisms using FastQC Screen v0. 11. 1, and finally mapped to the mouse GRCm38 genome assembly using Hisat2 v2. 0. 5  [75]. Gene expression was quantified as fragments per kilobase per million (FPKM) values in Seqmonk v1. 40. 0 (Manufacturer name, city, state abbreviation if USA or Canada, country). Mapping of RNA-seq reads on mouse genome is accessible in UCSC Genome Browser (https://genome. ucsc. edu/ s/lenkagahurova/NAR_Masek_polysome_RNAseq). RNA-seq data have been deposited in Gene Expression Omnibus database under the accession: GSE121358. PCA for transcripts with FPKM >1 was performed using R function (R v3.
4. 0) within Seqmonk v1. 40. 0. DeSeq2 (R v3. 4. 0) was applied to analyse transcripts with differential abundancy in the NP and the P samples. The R code for the translatome analysis is available upon request. qRT-PCR data analyses were performed in the LightCycler 480 software (version 1. 5, Roche, Basel, Switzerland) in absolute and relative quantification modes. Gene Set Enrichment analysis was performed by utilising the WEB-based GEne SeT AnaLysis Toolkit (http://webgestalt. org/option. php). Results in Figures  2c  and 4d  were statistically evaluated by Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA followed by post-hoc Dunn´s multiple comparison test.
Plots represent the P/NPs or FPKM values in the P and the NP datasets of individual transcripts according to their lengths. Figure  S7. Reduced-sized-, 5-mL-SW55Ti ultracentrifugation tubes can accommodate enough cell lysate to detect moderately abundant protein in polysome profile fractions (contains the following references:  [76] [77] [78] ; Table  S1. List of expressed genes with mean FPKM higher than 0. 1 in at least one dataset; Table  S2. Sheet S2-1: GSEA according to FPKM in P dataset, Sheet S2-2: GSEA according to P/NP ratio; Table  S3. DeSeq2 analysis of polysome-bound mRNAs versus non-polysomal mRNAs; Table  S4. List of used primers.
06 when she is hospitalized for 1 to 4 days, to which is added a daily charge of €359. 21 after the 4th day. These charges must make it possible to cover all healthcare utilization (drugs, medical devices, imaging) generated by the woman during her hospitalization but also the time spent by hospital staff and the hospital's logistics and general management. A national accounting database estimated that the mean cost of the management described above was €2, 020 in 2015. The Nantes UHC estimated this mean cost in 2016 at €2,592. 15. For the women hospitalized at the District Hospital Center of La Roche sur Yon, the estimated cost was €654. 26 per day of hospitalization. An isolated analysis of the price of the drugs used in association with TPD shows that: one ampule of magnesium sulfate costs €0.
In 2016, 220 women were hospitalized for TPD between 24 and 34 weeks at Nantes UHC and 50 at the Vendée CHD (data extracted from the hospitals' statistics departments). We therefore decided to include 400 women over a period of two years to have a larger number of events (deliveries within 7 days). The analysis sub-groups could be: cervical measurement on transvaginal ultrasound: ≤ 15 mm, 16-20 mm, 21-25 mm. gestational age between: 24 + 0 and 27 + 6 weeks, 28 + 0 and 31 + 6 weeks, 32 + 0 and 33 + 6 weeks.
All calculations were performed by using the Crystal Structure crystallographic software package WINGX. 57 he crystal data collection and refinement parameters are given in Table  S4. ORTEP drawing of the compounds are shown in Figure  S13-S16. CCDC 1937098-1937101 contains the supplementary crystallographic data for this paper. These data can be obtained free of charge from the Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre via http://www. ccdc. cam. ac. uk/Community/Requestastructure. Photophysics. Zeonex ® 480 blends were prepared from toluene solutions by the drop-cast method and dried in a vacuum (Zeonex ® 480 is a type of Cyclo Olefin Polymer (COP) developed by ZEON CORPORATION). All solutions were investigated at 10 -5 mol dm -3 concentration and were degassed using five freeze/pump cycles.
| fMRI preprocessing and connectivity analysis Preprocessing was performed with SPM12 (slice-time correction, realignment, segmentation of structural data, normalization of functional and structural data into standard stereotactic MNI space, and spatial smoothing using a Gaussian kernel of 6 mm full-width at half-maximum). The three initial functional volumes were discarded to avoid T1 saturation effects. Motion artifact correction was performed with the artifact detection toolbox (ART toolbox, www. nitrc. org/proje cts/artif act_detect): outliers were images with head displacement >2 mm from the previous frame, or rotational displacement >0. 02 radians from the previous frame, or global mean intensity >3SD from the mean image intensity for the entire session. Outliers were subsequently included as nuisance regressors within the first-level general linear model.
| ASL preprocessing and analysis Due to the poor spatial resolution of the ASL images, registration was performed in an indirect but robust way including the preprocessing of structural T1 data. 40 Preprocessing steps were achieved using the Voxel Based Morphometry toolbox (VBM8)  41  as implemented in MATLAB (MathWorks Inc). First, T1 and ASL data are converted from DICOM to NIFTI format. Then, native T1 images are segmented into gray matter, white matter, and cerebrospinal fluid classes. For some patients, when the segmentation failed in the operated hemisphere due to large defects in the white matter, it was necessary to fill the removed area with a "simulated white matter signal" (corresponding to a Gaussian distribution with the same mean and standard deviation intensities than the white matter in the contralateral hemisphere) and segment this new image with VBM8.
| Study limitations A direct limitation of our study is the small patient number. Inherently with all case studies, our results are therefore prone to biases when generalized to the population. Also, the absence of a follow-up protocol does not permit to draw definite conclusions about the cerebral organization after hemispherotomy at long term. Furthermore, in order to compensate for the lack of available controls during our protocol, we resorted to the open National Database for Autism Research (NDAR) for recruiting subjects matched for age with our two patients. By doing so, we compromised having insufficient information about the intellectual functioning and handedness; also, the control subjects were evaluated in variant MRI settings (different scanners and scanning parameters). We nevertheless justify our choice by considering that the control data meant to work as a visual reference for illustrating the connectivity effects of the performed analyses rather than used for direct statistical comparisons with our patients.
Programme-Human Brain Project, Grant/Award Number: 785907; FP7 Health-CenterTBI project, Grant/Award Number: FP7-HEALTH-602150; Horizon 2020 Framework Programme-Luminous project, Grant/Award Number: EU-H2020-fetopenga686764; Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek; European Space Agency Significance: Complete hemispherotomy leads to a lateralized whole-brain organization, with the remaining hemisphere claiming most of the brain's energetic reserves supported by subcortical structures. Our results further underline the contribution of nonneuronal vascular signals on contralateral connectivity, shedding light on the nature of network organization in the isolated tissue. The disconnected hemisphere is characterized by a level of consciousness which is necessary but insufficient for conscious processing, paving the way for more specific inquiries about its role in awareness in the absence of behavioral output.
39 slices, slice thickness = 3 mm, repetition time = 2000 ms, echo time = 34 ms, voxel size = 3. 125 × 3. 125 mm, flip angle = 90°). A structural T1 magnetization prepared rapid gradient-echo sequence (120 slices, repetition time = 2300 ms, echo time = 2. 47 ms, voxel size = 1. 0 × 1. 0 × 1. 2 mm, flip angle = 9°). Healthy controls were included as a reference in the second-level statistical model. These healthy subjects were age-matched and obtained from the National Database for Autism Research (NDAR) (http://ndar. nih. gov) scanned on 3T scanners (Siemens Magnetom TrioTim or General Electric SignaHDxt). The dataset for patient MA included n = 11 controls (1 female, mean age = 16. 8 years ± 0. 5SD, min = 16, max = 18). The dataset for patient JJ included n = 9 controls (4 females, mean age = 3.
Acknowledgements S. A. K. acknowledge support from the  Danish Council for Independent Research. J. L. B. acknowledges support from  European Research Council  grant number  694188  (Glo-balMass). J. M. acknowledges support from the  French National Research Agency (ANR)  grant ( ANR-19-CE01-0011-01 ). Z. B. acknowledges support from the  China Postdoctoral Science Foundation  ( 2019T120687 ) and the  Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities  (2042020kf0009). I. S. acknowledges funding by the  Helmholtz Climate Initiative REKLIM (Regional Climate Change ), a joint research project of the  Helmholtz Association of German Research Centres (HGF). A. A. acknowledge support from  NASA  grant  NNX17AG65G  and  NSF  grant  PLR-1603799. D. M. H. acknowledges support from grant  G1204  of  NYU Abu Dhabi's Center  for global  Sea Level Change  and  NSF  grant  ARC-1304137.
We use the aerial photos from strip 272 C scanned on a photogrammetric scanner and the calibration report. Coordinates and heights for the 21 ground control points were obtained from the pilot mapping project conducted by the Danish Agency for Data Supply and Efficiency in the Disko Bugt region. These are curated and edited Pleiades DEM and orthophotos and are available for download here: https://download. kortforsyningen. dk/content/geodataprodukter? field_korttype_tid_1=661. Local heights in Greenland Vertical Reference GVR2016 (EPSG: 8267) have been transformed into GR96 ellipsoidal heights (EPSG:4909) (https://github. com/ OSGeo/proj-datumgrid/tree/master/north-america). The weight-normalized bundle adjustment gives rms values as follows: rms x and rms y are 1. 6 m, and rms z is 3. 5 m.
Data availability The transcriptomics data has been deposited in the ArrayExpress database at EMBL-EBI (https ://www. ebi. ac. uk/array expre ss) under accession number E-MTAB-9433. The proteomics data has been deposited in the MassIVE database (https ://massi ve. ucsd. edu/Prote oSAFe / stati c/massi ve. jsp) under the identifier MSV000086147. ".
Further, strategies aimed at decreasing brain inflammation in obesity and T2D may help to alleviate the impact of palmitate in the brain. A healthy lifestyle that prevents excessive weight gain may prevent the increase in SFAs in the circulation and in the brain, thus contributing to healthy brain aging. (B-I) Neuronal IRS-1pTyr612 (B-C), pSer636 (D-E), pSer307 (E-F) and pSer312 (G-H) immunoreactivities in cultured hippocampal neurons exposed to vehicle or 200 μM palmitate for 4 hours (10-30 images analyzed per experimental condition per experiment using independent neuronal cultures). Scale bar = 10 μm. Bars represent means ± standard errors and symbols represent independent cultures. *p < 0. 05 (unpaired t-test). In representative IRS-1 PTyr612 images, for better viewing, the image color was changed to green using ZEN software.
The final location of the recording electrodes in the CA1 area was determined after the field potential depth profile evoked by paired (10-to 500-ms interval) pulses presented to the Schaffer collateral. A bare silver wire was fixed to the skull as ground. The four wires were soldered to a four-pin socket (RS Amidata) that was then fixed to the skull using dental cement  (Gruart et al. , 2006; Madronal et al. , 2007). After surgery, animals were housed in individual cages until the end of experiment. Only data from animals with correct electrode placement were analyzed. Intracerebroventricular infusion of palmitate or oleate in Swiss mice: Male Swiss mice were obtained from our animal facility (Federal University of Rio de Janeiro) or from Laboratory Animal Breeding Center (Fundação Oswaldo Cruz -CECAL/Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro) and were 2-5 months-old at the beginning of experiments.
During the following three days, mice were submitted to 15 minlong daily recording sessions to assess the persistence of LTP. According to previous studies  (Gruart et al. , 2006; Madronal et al. , 2007) , this HFS was enough to evoke a saturating LTP response, lasting 3 days, without the appearance of abnormal spikes in EEG recordings and/or any noticeable epileptic seizure. All data were stored digitally on a computer through an analog/digital converter (1401 Plus; CED), at a sampling frequency of 11-22 kHz and with an amplitude resolution of 12 bits. Evoked fEPSPs amplitudes were analyzed with the help of commercial software (Spike 2 and GraphPad Prism 7) and data are expressed as average amplitude of fEPSP for every 2 min of recording. Statistical analysis for each analysis is described in the corresponding Step-down inhibitory avoidance test: The test was carried out in an aluminum and acrylic box measuring 200 mm x 75 mm, a floor consisting of a grid of steel bars with a spacing of 12.
Time (primary latency) and number of errors (primary errors) to reach the escape hole for the first time were measured. Head deflections into incorrect holes of the maze were considered errors and were counted by the experimenter. On day 5, mice underwent the probe trial to access reference memory (short-term memory retention) in which the escape hole was closed. Mice were placed in the cylindrical chamber in the middle of the maze. After 10 seconds, the chamber was removed, and mice were allowed to explore the maze for 90 seconds. The amount of time that animals spent in the escape hole quadrant was recorded. In all experimental steps, the maze was cleaned with 40% ethanol and air-dried before each trial and between mice. The platform was monitored using the ANY-maze software (Stoelting Co, IL, USA), which recorded the animal's position, total distance travelled and average speed.
Fluorescence intensities were detected in an Odyssey CLx apparatus (Licor). Scanned or digitized images were saved at high resolution (300 dpi) and bands were quantified by densitometry in Fiji software  (Schindelin et al. , 2012). Quantitative immunofluorescence data was measured in 8-bit grayscale photomicrographies and carried out by analysis of the fluorescence intensity at each pixel across the images using Fiji software  (Schindelin, J. et al. , 2012). The program analyzes a grayscale image by plots of the intensity of fluorescence at each pixel. An appropriate thresholding was employed to eliminate background signal in the images before analysis. Thus, the entire microscopic field imaged was included in analysis and the Raw Integrated Density (RawIntDens) is normalized by the number of DAPI positive cells.
RNA extraction and quantitative real-time PCR analysis: MTT assay: Primary hippocampal cultures were incubated for 24 or 48 hours in the presence of palmitate (50-500 µM) or vehicle, and cell viability was assessed using the dimethyl-thiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) reduction assay (Boehringer Mannheim, Indianapolis, IN). Briefly, hippocampal cultures were incubated with a 0. 5 mg/ml A region of interest (ROI) was delimited in the DG, its area was measured using ImageJ software (NIH) and the number of Iba-1-positive cells was counted. The graphs represent the number of Iba-1-positive cells per mm 2. Similarly, for GFAP analysis, a ROI was delimited in the DG and the intensity of GFAP immunoreactivity was measured in 8-bit grayscale photomicrographies, such that Raw Integrated Density per µm 2 was represented in the graphs.
Experiments using cell culture were performed in 3 -4 independent cultures. Data are presented as means ± SEM and statistical significance was determined using two-tailed t-test (paired or unpaired) and one-way or two-way ANOVA, with suitable post hoc analysis (see in "Figure  Legends" ). In general, experimental data were plotted using GraphPad Prism software. Details of statistical analysis and number of biological replicates are indicated in the respective figure legend.