dataesr/scientific-paragraphs-categorization huggingface dataset:
Procedure The experiment was implemented online on Alex Drummond's Ibex Farm. After having given their consent to participate in the experiment, participants were given instructions (see Appendix D). There was first a training phase consisting of 14 non-controversial items with feedback, followed by the main experimental phase consisting of 288 trials without feedback. There was no explicit transition between the two phases but the first four sentences of the experimental phase were taken from the training phase, in order to get the subjects used to the no-feedback part of the experiment, and were removed from the analysis. At the end of the experiment, there was a short questionnaire asking for age, sex, native language, kind of device used to answer, and Mechanical Turk Worker ID. Participants 60 participants were recruited via Mechanical Turk.
g. "The first card is a heart", with [♥♥♤♤????]). We also added control trials corresponding to 'secondary-kn', 'false-ign-false', and 'falsekn'. Experiment 2 consisted in 320 trials (further details are given in Appendix B). Overall, 20% of 'secondary' were 'secondary-ign'. The proportion of controls ('secondary' and 'false') and target cases was the same as in Experiment 1. The rest of the procedure was exactly the same as in Experiment 1. Participants 60 participants were recruited via Mechanical Turk. 59 of them completed the task. We removed from the analysis 2 participants whose native language was not English, 6 that made more than 46% (m-2sd) of errors on controls, and 6 who made more than 30% of errors on NO-control. We thus present results for 45 participants (30 females, 15 males; mean age: 35,5, from 19 to 61 y.
At the end of the experiment, there was a short questionnaire (information on age, sex, native language, kind of device used to answer, Mechanical Turk Worker ID, and kind of strategy used to memorize the letters). This last question was included in order to control for the fact that participants may have written the letters. For the no dual task version of the experiment, the procedure was exactly the same, except that the instructions and the final questionnaire were adapted to the task. loading their data, 4 because they made more than 18% of errors on controls (2 standard deviations from the mean), and 1 who indicated that he had written the letters down to perform the memory task. All participants reported English as their native language. In the no-dual task, we removed from the analysis 3 participants whose native language was not English, 3 because they made more than 20% of errors on controls and 2 because they made more than 20% of errors on NO-controls.
16 This lower introgression rate is nevertheless compensated by a higher human-Neanderthal divergence at regulatory regions (Figure  S8 ), which is A C D 5. Manhattan Plots of Genes Interacting with Enhancers That Contain Archaic Variants (A and B) Genome-wide distribution of MAFs in CEU or CHB at aSNPs that overlap enhancers active in T Cells (core T cell enhancers). For each window of 1 Mb along the genome, only the aSNP with the highest MAF is shown. Point sizes reflect FPKM of the most expressed genes (max FPKM across T lymphocytes from Blueprint database  58  ) among genes interacting with the enhancer in T cells. 37 C and D) Similar plots for enhancers active in AdMSCs. Point sizes reflect the FPKM of the most expressed gene (max FPKM in GTEx tissues Adipose-Subcutaneous and Adipose-Visceral [Omentum] 59 ) among genes interacting with the enhancer in adipose tissue.
Acknowledgments This work was supported by the  Institut Pasteur , the  Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) , and the  Agence Nationale de   la Recherche (ANR) grants: ''IEIHSEER ''  ANR-14-CE14-0008-02  and '' TBPATHGEN ''  ANR-14-CE14-0007-02. The laboratory of L. Q. M. has received funding from the  French government 's  Investissement d'Avenir program ,  Laboratoire d'Excellence ''Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases' ' (grant no. ANR-10-LABX-62-IBEID ). M. S. was funded by the  Ecole Doctorale ''Complexitedu vivant,'' Sorbonne Universite  ´(contract n  2532/2016 ).
Research setting, participants, and procedures We carried out a field study using a cross-sectional survey design to trial the VR technology, and to test our hypotheses. Data collection took place over ten days during a trial of an immersive underwater VR experience in a popular Marine Life Center in the west of France. A research assistant approached visitors to the center during their visit, and asked them if they wished to participate in the VR trial and our study, explaining briefly the experience and the purpose of the study. Thus, a self-selected sample of tourists, the core target market for the VR experience was obtained. These visitors to the center participated in groups of 3-4 people in a 15-minute virtual visit of an underwater seascape in two scenes. The four participants each completed a consent form and pre-experience questionnaire asking them to fill in their demographic details and to indicate their relationship to others in the group.
The young participants were 14-15 years old, two boys and two girls. The volunteers took part in a focus group to discuss their expectations and feelings before the experience, and to describe the experience immediately after immersion in the VE. As well as allowing for the development of measures, the use of two data collection methods added rigour to the research, enabling comparison and confirmation of observations across qualitative and quantitative methodologies. After transcription of the focus groups, we used theoretical thematic analysis  (Braun & Clarke, 2006)  using NVivo 11 software to identify major themes arising linked to immersion and interaction. The two researchers who had facilitated the focus groups coded the corpus progressively in parallel with each other, allowing for discussions regarding interpretations and thereby enriching the coding process.
Hypothesis testing To test our hypotheses, we applied the procedure developed by  Preacher and Hayes (2008)  using model 14 in PROCESS, SPSS v. 24 for moderated mediation models. We calculated bias-corrected bootstrap confidence intervals (with 5000 bootstrap samples) for the indirect effect of person-VE interaction on satisfaction through immersion, the latter relationship moderated by social interaction (Model 1). Model 2 tests the same relationships replacing satisfaction with loyalty as the outcome variable. Age and social ties acted as control variables in the models. The results of the analyses are in table 2. -  ------------------------------------------ -  -------------------------------------------- The indirect effect of immersion on satisfaction was significant, with the lower bound of the 95% bias-corrected confidence interval -.
Methodology Our data was collected in all teacher training institutions situated in French-speaking Switzerland: universities or colleges of dedicated to the education of teachers in Berne, Fribourg, Geneva, Jura, In Search of Training Gestures: What Regularities can be observed when Teaching how to Teach Written Production? Neuchâtel, Vaud and Valais. Our objective was to obtain a sample of all training practices on one specific object -written production teaching -during the 2009-2010 academic year. We conducted preliminary interviews with trainers and the head of training in these institutions in order to identify all training units related to French didactic and written production. We reconstructed the written production curriculum in each institution. Then, in order to understand and describe the written production teaching in terms of what is taught and how it is taught, we filmed all the practices implemented by the teacher's trainers.
We collected data in order to be able to follow all the training sessions followed by a student. For example, if the training unit included a field experience, we would follow the student at school during the internship. In spite of technical issues, slight communication issues, omission of a couple of sessions, we were able to reconstruct and to document all the training practices related to written production teaching. The following table gives an overview of the total data collected, taped or reconstructed: In sum, for teacher training at Primary level, 86 training sessions and 16 lessons, of a total of 142 hours, were filmed and transcribed. For teacher training at Secondary level, we recorded 39 training sessions and 3 lessons, for a total of 65 hours. The combination of the data filmed and reconstituted gives us a sum of 226 hours.
Search and Selection Strategy The journals consulted for analysis were national neurosurgical periodicals publishing articles in Portuguese and indexed in at least one of the following databases: MEDLINE, LILACS, SciELO, DOAJ, or LATINDEX. The years 2014 and 2015 were chosen for analysis so that the articles included were published at least 16 years after the publication of the English and Latin versions of the IAT (1998) and at least 13 years since the publication of the Brazilian version (2001). All of the scientific articles published during the study period were listed exhaustively for each periodical following direct consultation of the electronic portal of each volume. After the identification, the full text of each document was accessed to verify the following inclusion criteria: published between January 1, 2014, and December 31, 2015, and written in whole or in part in Portuguese.
Data Collection The included articles were submitted to a detailed full-text analysis by two independent researchers. Each document received a registration number, which was associated with descriptive data, including year of publication, languages, and number of authors. During the analysis of each document, anatomical structures belonging to the central nervous system (CNS) (including vascularization), its surrounding tissues, or the cranial nerves were identified and listed in a computerized database using Excel software (Microsoft Corp. , Redmond, WA, USA). The anatomical terms used by the authors to refer to each structure were classified into one of the following categories: IAT -Brazilian version; IAT -Latin version; Anatomical Nomenclatureprevious versions; incomplete terms (but in accordance with the IAT); derivative terms; eponyms; and neologisms.
In a survey of the frequency of their use in electronic publications of the Journal of Neurology of Spain, Abdala listed 193 eponyms in 46 documents. The most frequent were terms related to the vascular or cerebrospinal fluid system. Expressions such as "Galeno vein" (14%), "Willis polygon" (11. 9%), and "cerebral or Sylvian aqueduct" (11. 4%) were found mainly in clinical or radiological reports such as those related to computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or ultrasound (US). 12 ertain factors impact negatively or delay the adherence to the IAT, such as the difficulty in obtaining copies, the absence of an accessible electronic database, and the tendency in certain languages or countries to avoid Latin terms. 2, 3, 10, 11, 13, 14 5] [16]  Independent translations are not devoid of problems and of methodological difficulties.
Images, SAED, and HRTEM data were treated using Image J whereas EDX hypermaps were treated using Analysis Station and Origin64 software. In parallel, glazed ceramic replicas were elaborated taking into account the chemical compositions previously measured on a corpus of archeological honey glazed samples  [6, 7]. A kaolinitic clay originating from Provins in France (RP299) with a mineralogy very similar to those of Palissy white pastes was used to prepare these replicas (Table  1 ). Following the procedure detailed in  [6] , 4 kg of clay was mixed with 0. 4 kg of Fontainebleau sand (used as filler) and 6 L of water using a planetary mill for 30 min. The liquid mixture was then dried in a plaster shell before being worked and shaped into clay tiles (3 × 3 × 0. 5 cm 3 ). The tiles were dried two weeks in the air after which they were fired at 1000 • C during 10 min (heating rate 50 • C•h -1 until 400 • C, 100 • C•h -1 until 1000 • C, cooling rate 50 • C•h -1 until room temperature).
Acknowledgments: The archaeological samples were kindly made available by the conservation department of the  National Museum of the Renaissance (Ecouen, France ). IMPMC MEB platform ( Imène Estève ,  Béatrice Doisneau  and  Stéphanie Delbrel ),  David Troadec  (IEMN) and  Claudie Josse  ( Raymond Castaing ) are warmly thanked for the sample preparation. J-M Guigner  is acknowledged for his kind help with TEM.
Material and Methods For practical and conservative reasons, it was not possible to remove the skull from the voluminous 19th century metallic reliquary located in the crypt of the basilica of Saint-Maximin (Figure  1 ). Consequently, a photographic survey (nearly 400 photographs) was conducted. All the photographs were taken in high definition (HD, 2 MB minimum per shot) with a Nikon digital camera, on a fixed stand, with a zenith shift of 1° per photo. All areas of glare were excluded to avoid positional artifacts. All the photographs were indexed by computer system, to get a 3-dimensional (3D) reconstruction by photogrammetry (Figure  2 ): the 400 images were processed with CapturingReality software, in a Xeon CPU E5 2687W. This software uses an SFM (structure from motion) algorithm able to turn a bunch of pictures into 3D mesh of the skull.
obj format. The data were composed of millions of polygons (triangles being polygons). We treated the data to reduce the count of poly units down to 100 000 without altering the topography inside ZBrush (Pixologic, Inc. , Los Angeles, CA, USA). Reduction in polygons was done by software calculation within ZBrush software using a plugin called Decimation Master that allows to greatly reduce the poly count of a model while preserving the high-resolution details. Considering preliminary anthropological data confirming a Mediterranean origin, the depth information for the soft tissues markers was inspired by recent orthodontic/cephalometric studies from this geographical region. 17, 18 As only some locations (basic lip and chin thickness for women aged 20) were useful in this publication, we decided to mix those data with a complete soft tissues depth list for a 50-year-old white woman, compensating the aging and sagging of tissues.
In total, 10 depth markers with the corresponding length were positioned on the sagittal axis and 9 on each lateral part of the face with the Cinema 4D software (Maxon, Friedrichsdorf, Germany; Tables  1  and 2 ). Those cylinders gave us the probable location of the contour of the skin. Eyeballs are approximately 24. 2 mm in diameter for healthy adults. 19 They are placed centered in the orbits  20  ; in lateral view, the iris plane is tangent to an axis touching the superior and inferior orbit ridges. 21 The eyelids were inserted by attaching the palpebral ligament of the external canthus to the malar tubercle zone or 9 mm under the frontozygomatic suture, and the internal ligament is connected to the lacrimal crest zone. 22 he palpebral fissure represents 65% to 70% of the orbit width. The palpebral foil is positioned in an axis replicating the superior orbit ridge direction.
25, 27 8] [29]  A standard 3D skin was placed on top of the markers and nose/mouth structure and sculpted inside ZBrush 3D package (Pixologic, Inc. ). The sculpting process was done at a pore and wrinkles level estimating a skin condition for a woman in the age group of 45 to 50. Computer-automated reconstructions are not taken into account in this study because they only produce general volumetrics without entering in details. They also need the whole skull to generate a head volume. The purpose of this reconstruction was to create a lifelike portrait based on the facial bones of the skull extracted by photogrammetry. Forensic facial reconstructions result in portraits, which means that some subjective decisions have to be made: angle of camera, framing, lighting, facial expression, and tilting of the head.
Those decisions were made with an ethical purpose and an attempt to give a neutral expression of serenity to the face. Eyebrows, eyelids, and hair were hand-created and sculpted in 3D, according to the hair fibers study that was done by the scientific team that concluded the fibers color had a range from dark brown to black. Rendering of the human skin was done with VrayforC4D software (LaubLab Wien, Vienna, Austria) which calculates the refraction of light in the deep skin according to the ambient light source. We chose a soft key one light scheme that could remember an interior setup. The pictures are constituted of 2. 073. 600 pixels each and require 30 minutes of rendering on an Apple Mac Pro (Apple, Cupertino, CA, USA) with 32 GB RAM and 12 cores at 2. 66 Ghz.
For example, a given energy retrofit action will contribute to the improvement of the predicted energy performance (rating) but also to the assessment of refined actual energy targets, to the enhancement of thermal comfort, indoor environments, to increased well-being and productivity.  Last, the ALDREN procedure is designed in the perspective of a European library for building components, systems and equipment description, according to the EU Eco-design directive implemented into Industry standards.  ALDREN will deliver operational procedures to the previously mentioned topics (further details are also provided in the next sections). These articulate the individual protocols along with the deep renovation stages. The data to be collected and the proposed data structuringaccording to 4 levels corresponding the data process and the readiness of a building renovation passport and cover -are specified.
). Building passports have evolved over time and continue to evolve into a tool for communicating diverse buildings features to multiple beneficiaries in different European countries  [23]. One of the most often quoted barriers of building renovation is the lack of knowledge about what to do, where to start, and which measures to implement in which order. In this framework, the EU directive 2018/844  [24]  underlines the need for Member States to prepare and implement national Long-Term Renovation Strategies (LTRS) for their building stock and introduces the possibility for Member States (MS) to introduce an optional scheme for individual building renovation passport (BRP (Article 2a. 1(c)). Within the state of the art on available knowledge on voluntary certification schemes and EPCs for Non-residential buildings, ALDREN project clearly demonstrated a lack of data and connections between those instruments with the Building Renovation Passport (BRP).
The project consortium has developed the first draft template of the Data Model for the final structure of the ALDREN BRP, considering all the inputs and parameters of the topics presented in the previous sections of the present paper. E3S Web of Conferences 111 , 0 300 5 (201 9) https://doi. org/10. 1051/e3sconf/2019111030 05 CLIMA 201 9 The main characteristic agreed for the ALDREN BRP is the modular structure composed basically by two main elements: 1. ALDREN logbook 2. ALDREN roadmap. Each element is sub-structured in modules per different issues corresponding to the topics investigated within the ALDREN approach of the whole project. The ALDREN Logbook will be structured in 6 modules:  ML1 Building picture  ML2 Energy rating assessment  ML3 Operational energy performance  ML4 Comfort and wellbeing  ML5 Cost, value and risk  ML6 Documentation and BIM While the ALDREN Roadmap will be structured in 3 modules:  MR1 ALDREN Renovation time-line  MR2 Elementary renovation action list  MR3 Elementary renovation action description Each module of the ALDREN logbook has a specific data model with dedicated database (DB) and indicators (some they might be in common with other modules).
Acknowledgements The authors want to thank the  European Synchrotron Radiation Facility  for granting us beamtime at  BM05  and  ID19. We also acknowledge the  Musée des Confluences (Lyon, France) ; the  Agence National de la Recherche ; the  Labex Archimede (Montpellier, France ) especially  David Lefèvre  and  Frédéric Servajean  for their ongoing support. We also thank  Cédric Audibert ,  Corentin Bochaton ,  Ivan Ineich ,  Laurent Viriot ,  Vincent Lazzari ,  Nuria Rovira  and  Claire Newton  for their help in identifying stomach contents. We acknowledge  Halima Ali-Toybou  for her help in the first synchrotronscanning session of the specimen. Finally, we are grateful to  Roger Lichtenberg  and  Samuel Merigeaud  for their contribution to the  MAHES  project, especially in the radiography and CT-scan of this specimen.
EEG acquisition and analysis methods Continuous EEG data were acquired from 32 scalp electrodes (Waveguard, ANT, Enschede, The Netherlands), digitized with a sampling rate set at 512 Hz and with impendances kept below 10 KΩ. The recording used the following electrode set : Fp1, Fpz, Fp2, F7, F3, Fz, F4, F8, FC5, AFz, FC2, FC1, FC6, T6, C3, Cz, C4, T8, M1, CP5, CP1, CP2, CP6, M2, P7, P3, Pz, P4, P8, POz, O1, Oz and O2, with AFz being the reference electrode. Data were processed using ASA software. It was rereferenced offline using an average reference and filtered using high-pass and low pass filters (band-pass: 0. 1-30 Hz). Trials were rejected if the absolute value of the signal amplitude exceeded ± 75 µV, on at least one of the electrodes. Averaged ERP waveforms were computed for each of the durations in both paradigms, averaging between -100 ms before and 1000 ms after stimulus offset.
Sex estimation methods based on skeletal remains vary on the selection of skeletal element, data acquisition and statistical approach resulting in variable classification accuracies that are highly dependent on the sample population. The only exception of this rule seems is the os coxa that appears to differ consistently between males and females across the globe. Currently sex based on the os coxa can be easily by estimated taking ten measurements, input these in the DPS2 software and get a sex estimate and the probability of correct group assessment. The performance of the software is highly reliable as confirmed by a validation study by Brůžek and colleagues (  2017 ). Yet, there are still many populations not represented in the reference sample used to develop the software. The current study aimed to validate DPS2 using a sample from Crete, Greece.
A recent study supports that human variation of the birth canal is geographically structured which is attributed by the authors to neutral evolution through genetic drift and differential migration  [9]. The os coxae can be seen as an integrated unit consisting of two basic modules: a sacro-iliac module and an ischio-pubic module. Modularity helps to understand the evolution and plasticity of organismal form  [10]  and, consequently, the sexual dimorphism and its variation. Shape and size differences between male and female pelvis, however, have long been noted and used for sex estimation in complete or portions of the os coxae  [11, 12]. The suggested lack of population specificity of the pelvis led researchers to develop a software (DSP2) that can predict sex based on measurements of the pelvis from over 2000 individuals and can give probabilities of correct group assessment  [1].