dataesr/scientific-paragraphs-categorization huggingface dataset:
Acknowledgements This work was supported by the grants from  EliDeRham  and  Rhamnoprot  projects from the  French region Grand Est  (W. P. L-L, R. S and F. O. A). Financial support from the  CNRS  ( Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ), the  MESRI (Ministère de l'Enseignement Supérieur, de la Recherche et de l'Innovation)  and the  Federative Research Structure SFR  Condorcet are gratefully acknowledged. Experimental work performed in MD and LL laboratory has been supported by the  Action de Recherche Concertée  project  FIELD at University of Liège. M. O. , M. D. and L. L. thank the  Fonds National de la Recherche Scientifique from Belgium (FRS-FNRS ) for their position as Senior Research Associate. We are very grateful to  Dr. C. Zipfel  ( The Sainsbury Laboratory ) for Arabidopsis rbohD; bik1-pbl1; bak1.
Flow cytometers Five different brands of flow cytometers were used: a Becton Dickinson Accuri TM C6 (BD Biosciences, The Netherlands), two identical Attune Acoustic Focusing Flow Cytometers (ThermoFisher Scientific, The Netherlands), a Becton Dickinson FACSCanto II System with Fluidics (BD Biosciences, The Netherlands), a CytoSense (CytoBuoy b. v. , The Netherlands) and a Becton Dickinson FACSVerse TM (BD Biosciences, The Netherlands). Flow cytometer specifications and the abbreviations for scatter (forward scatter (FS), side scatter (SS)) and fluorescence (Fluorescence Blue-Green (FBG), Fluorescence Blue-Orange (FBO), Fluorescence Blue-Red (FBR)) are provided in Supplemental Table  1. Participants used their individual commercial, instrument-related software for data analysis.
Purpose To evaluate the dietary intake of pregnant women and their nutritional status of Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, and Cu, as the nutritional status of pregnant women is an important factor for the proper progression of a pregnancy and the development and health of the foetus. Methods The study was conducted on 108 pregnant women ages 18-42, at 6-32 weeks of gestation. We used a questionnaire and a 24-h recall nutrition interview. Hair samples were taken for testing and the level of each mineral was assessed using atomic absorption spectrometry. The results were analysed using the Dietetyk and Statistica 10 software. Results Low levels of Fe, Zn, Ca, Mg, vitamin D, and folic acid intake were seen in the pregnant women, with the use of dietary supplements significantly increasing their intake of Fe, Zn, and folic acid.
Materials and methods The The study involved 108 European low-risk pregnant women from Greater Poland with ages ranging from 18 to 42. It was noticed that 48% women were in their first pregnancy. Average parity of women was 1. 7 ± 1. 1 and average gravidity 1. 8 ± 1. 2. The study used a validated questionnaire which we devised, and a 24-h recall nutrition interview. The interview results were analysed using the Dietetyk software. Hairs taken from six places on the occipital part of the head were used for the biochemical analysis. The hair was removed by cutting the strands close to the skin. Hair sections of 2 cm in length were used for the analysis, in which calcium, magnesium, iron, copper, and zinc levels were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry using an AAS-3 spectrophotometer (Carl Zeiss, Germany).
The accuracy of the assay was 91, 98, 94, 94, 102% for calcium, magnesium, zinc, iron and copper, respectively, as verified by certified reference materials (Human Hair NCS DC73347a, LGC). Statistical analysis of the results was performed using Statistica 10 software, employing the nonparametric test, the Mann-Whitney test, the Chi 2 test, the Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA, and the Spearman correlation coefficient. Significance was taken to be at the p < 0. 05 level.
research was carried out with the approval of the Local Ethical Committee at the Poznan University of Medical Sciences (Approval No. 297/17) and the Research Ethical Committee of the Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital Research Institute (Approval No. 50/2016). The study was supported by the statutory research funding from Institute of Human Nutrition and Dietetics at Poznan University of Life Sciences (No. 508-786-00) and partially funded by the Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education for Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital Research Institute in Lodz (Grant No. 2016/I/18-GW).
During the correction process, we noticed an additional system of narrow telluric lines in the 5780-5815 Å region that are lacking in the present TAPAS model. These very weak lines have been added very recently to the HITRAN database and correspond to the b 1 Σ + g (v=3)-X 3 Σ - g (v=0) band of O 2  (Gordon et al. 2017). Pending their introduction into TAPAS, we have used a weakly reddened star and extracted the system of lines in this spectral area. We have used this empirical transmittance in the same way as the TAPAS one. Second, we have stacked the individual multiple exposures of the same target, using the original spectra or the telluriccorrected spectra if necessary. The spectra were Dopplercorrected and interpolated to produce a single spectrum in the heliocentric frame. The spectra obtained with the different instrumental configurations have been concatenated.
We believe this may be due to the effect of telluric residuals (see the remark on the HITRAN database in Sect. 2. 1) that become very important for targets with the weakest absorbing column. Note that these are the two weakest of all C 2 -bands. Further measurements and improved telluric corrections are needed to confirm their subpeaks. The third DIB category corresponds to the detection of profile variations among the four targets, and this may potentially reveal a response to the excitation temperature. Indeed, the full DIB width appears smaller for HD 23180 (T 02 = 20 K) and, to a lesser extent, for HD 203532 (unmeasured T 02 ) compared to HD 147889 (T 02 = 49 K). Interestingly, these DIBs are also narrower for the multi-cloud star HD 169454 (T 02 = 23 K) than for HD 147889, an effect opposite to the expected broadening due to cloud multiplicity.
Correlations with the C 2 column Our combined measurements of C 2 columns and weak DIB equivalent widths towards single-cloud targets constitute an ideal dataset for the study of any link between the C 2 molecule and each DIB carrier. Figs. 14 and 14 display the equivalent widths of the recorded C 2 -DIBs as a function of the C 2 column density N(C 2 ). We have superimposed on each figure the corresponding previous measurements from  Galazutdinov et al. (2006). We did not include the 5003 Å band which was not studied by  Galazutdinov et al. (2006)  and for which we have only three valid data points due to heavy stellar contamination. It can be seen that all our data points fall within the set of points from these authors, revealing good agreement with all these measurements. On the other hand, it can be seen that the correlation with N(C 2 ) is significantly tighter in the case of our targets.
Respective influence of C 2 column and reddening The existence of a good correlation with N(C 2 ) is not a sufficient condition for qualification as C 2 -DIB and this has been discussed in detail by  Galazutdinov et al. (2006)  and  Kaźmierczak et al. (2014). One way to establish this qualification is to compare the dependencies of the measured EWs on both the C 2 column and another parameter representing the quantity of interstellar matter, e. g. the reddening or the gas column. A C 2 -DIB is one that is more tightly correlated with N(C 2 ) than with these other parameters. Inspired by the study of  Ensor et al. (2017) , we have used our new EDIBLES dataset of C 2 and non-C 2 DIBs to perform a simplified parametric analysis restricted to the reddening and N(C 2 ). For each DIB we performed a linear regression between the DIB EWs and both E(B-V) and the column N(C 2 ): EW = a × N(C 2 ) + b × E(B -V), (1) We took into account uncertainties on EWs but assumed E(B-V) and N(C 2 ) are known with accuracy.
Acknowledgements. ME acknowledges funding from the  "Region Ile-de-France " through the  DIM-ACAV  project. RL acknowledges support from  Agence Nationale de la Recherche  through the  STILISM  project ( ANR-12-BS05-0016-02 ) and the  CNRS PCMI national program. JC and AF acknowledge support from an  NSERC   Discovery Grant  and a  SERB Accelerator Award  from  Western University. PJS thanks the  Leverhulme Trust  for the award of a  Leverhulme Emeritus Fellowship. This work is based on observations collected at the  European Southern Observatory ,  programme ID 194. C-0833.
IntroduCtIon Antibiotic resistance (ABR) is a serious and increasing worldwide threat to global public health. 1 It has been estimated that multidrug-resistant bacteria affect 158 000 strengths and limitations of this study ► This study is the first interventional prospective controlled study to evaluate the effectiveness of selective reporting of antibiotic susceptibility test (AST) results to reduce the prescription of broad-spectrum antibiotics. ► This study is conducted in the French outpatient setting, accounting for 90% of all antibiotics used in humans, and targets urinary tract infections caused by Escherichia coli (the most frequent causal agent). ► This study includes a feasibility evaluation for laboratories by collecting prospectively in a database all material/informatics, financial and human laboratory resources needed to implement selective reporting of AST.
Open access The feasibility of the intervention for laboratories is evaluated by collecting prospectively in a database all material/informatics, financial and human laboratory resources used in 2018 and 2019 for the implementation of selective reporting of AST. The acceptability of the intervention is assessed by organising focus groups and individual semi-structured interviews with a randomised sample of GPs and laboratory professionals to collect their perceptions on selective reporting of AST 1 year after its implementation (September 2019). The monthly number of complete reporting of AST requested by physicians is also calculated as an indicator of prescribers' acceptability. In this study, we comply with existing methodology guidance for stewardship studies. 19 The phases of the study are summarised in figure  1.
In addition, to try to reduce unnecessary antibiotic use, the statement 'when a urine culture is positive, only clinical symptoms can differentiate between asymptomatic bacteriuria and a UTI; therefore, an antibiotic treatment is not needed for all positive urine cultures' is also mentioned on the report. data collected Data collected for each AST performed on E. coli-positive urine cultures in 2017 (before period) and 2019 (after period) in all laboratories of the two groups are: patient's gender and age, living residence (community/nursing home), study group (intervention (ATOUTBIO)/control (EVOLAB)), antibiotic(s) dispensed by a community pharmacy during the 15 days following the AST (yes/ Open access no, molecule(s), dosage, type of package and quantity) and the prescriber's specialty.
During the 'after period', we also collect the number of medical consultations and hospitalisations during the 30 days following the AST, in order to look for any unintended consequences. All these data stem from the French health insurance database Système National des Données de Santé (SNDS)  20  that contains individualised, anonymous and linkable data. Prospectively recorded for all beneficiaries of healthcare in France, the SNDS covers almost the entire French population (67 million inhabitants). Data recorded include especially all medical expenditure reimbursements (all antibiotics are reimbursed in France) and information from hospital stays. The SNDS database is one of the largest databases in the world that has been extensively used to guide public health policies in France. 21 22 A probabilistic data linkage method  23  is applied within the anonymous SNDS database to identify patients for which urine cultures positive for E.
coli-positive urine cultures with AST during the year n. iv. A comparison of the after (2019)-before (2017) difference of the prescription rates for the above-mentioned antibiotics/classes between the two groups, using linear regression models adjusted for variables that might differ between groups (laboratory activities, sex ratio, age). As a sensitivity analysis, a time-series analysis is planned using interventional autoregressive integrated moving average models to compare the evolution of monthly prescription rates between 2017 and 2019 in each group. A p value of <0. 05 for two-sided tests is considered significant. All analyses are performed with SAS V. 9. 4 (SAS Institute, Cary, North Carolina, USA). dIsCussIon Optimising the use of antibiotics in the French outpatient setting is a priority and selective reporting of AST may be an effective antibiotic stewardship intervention.
Acknowledgements The authors would like to thank  Yohann Bernard  (Research and  Innovation Direction)  for his helpful support in all legislative and organisational aspects of this study. Collaborators ANTIBIO-CIBLÉ Scientific Committee:  Francesca Binda ,  Chloé Bourgue ,  Anne Fagot Campagna ,  Sébastien Fougnot ,  Joëlle Kivits ,  Alain Lozniewski ,  Violaine Mauffrey ,  Patrice de Monchy ,  Geneviève Motyka ,  Céline Pulcini ,  Christian Rabaud ,  Nathalie Thilly ,  Emmanuelle Varon.
Methods This study involved HIV/HCV coinfected patients enrolled in the ANRS CO13 HEPAVIH cohort, a prospective, hospital-based cohort of HIV/HCV coinfected patients created in 2005 and involving 28 hospitals in France  [13]. For this study, patients with at least one follow-up visit before 31 st September 2017 were included. Patients with a history of cancer at inclusion, patients with spontaneously cured HCV, those without follow-up, and those with missing data for tobacco consumption, alcohol consumption or cirrhotic status were excluded. The study was approved by the institutional review board: ComiteIle de France 3, file n˚2234, ref CG/ LG/CC 2005-255. Each participant agreed to participate to the ANRS CO13 Hepavih cohort by written consent. The primary outcome was the time to occurrence of a first NANL related cancer.
Results Among 1427 eligible patients, 36 were excluded due to missing data for tobacco-, alcohol-consumption or cirrhosis status. Therefore, a total of 1391 patients were considered for this analysis. The demographic and clinical characteristics of the study population at baseline are shown in Table  1. Most patients were male (73%), and median age was 46 years (IQR, 43-51 years). There were respectively 69% current smokers and 49% current alcohol drinkers. The median time since HIV diagnosis was 18. 6 years (IQR, 13. 9-21. 5). Most patients (90%) received cART, and the median duration of cART was 129 months (IQR, 82-179). AIDS was present in 25% of patients. The median CD4 cell count was 478 cells/mm 3 (IQR, 325-675 cells/mm 3 ), median CD4 cell count nadir was 155 cells/mm 3 (IQR, 73-248 cells/mm 3 ), and 75% of patients had an undetectable HIV viral load (<50 copies/ml).
Flow Cytometry Conditions Each labeled bacterial suspension was analyzed directly after incubation using an Accuri C6 cytometer (BD Accuri, France) with excitation at 488 nm. A detection threshold was set on forward scatter signals to reduce electronic and small-particle noise. The optical filter used for both dyes was a 585 nm bandpass filter. Typically, signals from 10,000 cells were acquired and analyzed for each sample using the BD Accuri CSampler software (v 1. 0. 264. 21). The percentages of permeabilized and non-respiring bacteria were adjusted in relation to the control obtained in TSB and washed as described previously for the samples (i. e. , 100% of permeabilized bacteria for PI and 100% of non-respiring bacteria for CTC). Assuming that permeabilized and non-respiring bacteria are definitively inactivated, we expressed the corresponding results as a percentage of inactivated bacteria only.
4. Single myocytes were manually dissociated in KB solution by employing a fire-polished glass pipette. Finally, extracellular Ca 2ϩ concentration was recovered up to 1. 3 mM. A drop of cell suspension was seeded on sterilized laminincoated coverslips. After 30 -45 min, Tyrode solution containing 10% BSA was added, and cells were stored at 37°C until used in humidified C618 5% CO2-95% air at 37°C. All experiments were performed at room temperature. Patch-clamp current recordings were performed with an Axopatch 200B amplifier (Axon Instruments) using fire-polished pipettes with a resistance of 3-4 M⍀ pulled from filamented borosilicated glass capillaries (1. 5 mm OD ϫ 1. 17 mm ID; Harvard Apparatus). Data were acquired and analyzed by using a Digidata 1322A interface (Axon Instruments) and pCLAMP software (version 10; Axon Instruments).
Baseline electrical stimulation (bipolar pulses, 2ϫ threshold, 2 s duration, 4 Hz frequency) was applied via one of the MEA microelectrodes. Field potential data were acquired simultaneously from all 60 microelectrodes. S1-S2 train stimulation with a S1-S1 cycle length of 250 ms was used to assess atrial effective refractory period (AERP). To assess conduction properties, isolated atria were sequentially stimulated (4 Hz) from one electrode of each four edges of the array. Field potential recordings obtained in these conditions were processed using Lab-Chart7 (ADInstruments) to define local activation time based on minimum of the derivative of field potential. Average conduction velocity (CV) was calculated by linear regression relating interelectrode distance to activation times, as previously described  (33).
Data Analysis Through the statistical package SPSS (version 21), were of used the student t-tests for related samples and covariance analysis (ANCOVA). Tests to check the size of the effect (Cohen's d and η 2 ) and evaluate the reliability of the factorial structure of the CHSEA (α, CR, and AVE) were also used. Data was subjected to the Kolmogorov-Smirnov (p > 0. 05) and Levene's tests, were not significant was found. This way, the assumptions of normality and homoscedasticity, were contrasted.
Discussion We prepared the experimental setup and validated the experimental results using different Monte Carlo and energy deposition codes in which we inserted the same source parameters as obtained during the shots (see Fig. 1c, d ). In order to have more reliable data, we used and compared three different codes: we performed simulations with the codes FLUKA  31, 32  and a customized energy deposition code that we had benchmarked with Geant4  33, 34  , a well-known particle transport code used in the particle physics community (see Supplementary Fig. 4 ). The source given as input to those codes was modeled as the projection of a proton point source with energy-depending diverging rays, thus generating a laminar-diverging proton beam with a variable diameter at the source (see Fig. 1a, b ), consistent with refs.
Acknowledgements We thank the  TITAN-JLF Laser  staff,  S. Veltri ,  A. Morabito ,  A. M. Schroer ,  J. Fuchs ,  H. Pépin ,  F. Xu ,  F. Mura , and  F. Rosei  for their precious support. This work is supported by  FRQNT  ( Team Grant   2016-PR-189974 ) and  NSERC   Discovery Grant  (Grant No. 435416 ),  Compute Canada  (Job: pve-323-ac, P. A. ). The use of the Jupiter Laser Facility was supported by the  U. S. Department of Energy ,  Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory , under Contract No. DE-AC52-07NA27344.
Inclusion criteria: -Parents of children diagnosed as bronchial asthma patients(GINA). Exclusion criteria: -Children with chronic respiratory illness other than asthma and corticosteroid treatment for other reasons. We use two forms of a structured questionnaire electronic and papers. It is designed to measure the percentage of the presence of corticosteroid phobia and its effect on asthma management. The questionnaire included some patient's demographic data as well as information for asthma duration, admission to hospital, drugs uses for asthma treatment and questions regarding: corticosteroids fear, causes of fear, sources of fear, and result of fear on treatment. Upon completing the interview, parents were advised to contact with clinicians for further education and assurance about importance and safety of corticosteroid in asthma treatment.
Implied consent was obtained from all parents. Data analysis:-Data will be analyzed by the computer using SPSS VERSION 22. 3  shows that the age of 60. 35% of the included children is above 5 years, 31. 82% is between 1 and 5years while 7. 83% are below one year. 6  shows that 54. 6% of those who have been hospitalized are hospitalized 1 to 4 times, while 45. 4% are hospitalized 5 times or more. 9 :-Did you know that the cortisone is used to treat asthma? Table  9  shows 73. 01% of the included parents know that cortisone is used to treat asthma and 26. 99% don't know.
The study's dataset integrated the geographic distribution of 390 biodiversity elements (species, habitats, and oceanographic processes) and 38 human activities. A multi-resolution system of planning unit layers (PUL), with individual PUs ranging in resolution from 0. 2 to 10 km, was designed to arrange and analyse these data. Spatial priorities for conservation were selected incrementally at different scales, contributing conservation targets from the fine-, medium-and large-scale analyses, and from the coast to the offshore. Compared to a basic single-resolution scale-unlinked plan, our multi-resolution scale-linked method selects 6% less conservation area to achieve the same targets. Compared to a multi-resolution scale-unlinked plan, our method requires only an additional 5% area. Overall, this method reflects the multi-scale nature of marine social-ecological systems more realistically, is relatively simple and replicable, and serves to better connect fine-scale and large-scale spatial management policies.
Exploring this data and using it to support decision requires integrative multi-scale multi-resolution methods. This study proposes and discusses a multi-scale spatial planning method implemented simultaneously at local and national level to prioritize ecosystem management actions across landscapes and seascapes. This approach is tested in the development of a Conservation Plan for a significant portion of South Africa's exclusive economic zone, adjacent to the east coast province of KwaZulu-Natal (the SeaPlan project). The hypothesis defended in this research is that a multi-scale and multi-resolution approach to spatial planning from its early steps (e. g. problem assessment and formulation  [8] ) can improve the efficiency of the planning process at the later implementation stages. In this study, the scale refers to the size of a spatial extent and the resolution refers to the smallest identifiable element of a spatial dataset.
Social system and pressures on marine ecosytems The human population in KZN has increased from 8. 4 million inhabitants in 1996 to 10. 5 million in 2013 (density of 110/km 2 ) with 3. 5 million located in the coastal Durban metropolitan areas  [43]. The economy of KZN has been growing rapidly as a result of the post-apartheid political change and the integration of the South African economy within the global market economy  [44]. In 2011, the average annual income per household per year was about 2,500 US dollars but 48. 4% of the population still lives in poverty  [43]. Agriculture (mostly sugar cane) and forestry remain central to the economy. Tourism accounted for 5. 1% of the Gross Domestic Product in 2013 (IHS Global Insight database). In the marine environment, Durban and Richards Bay harbours are respectively one of the ten largest container terminals in the world and the area has largest coal export facility in Africa.