dataesr/scientific-paragraphs-categorization huggingface dataset:
, 2018; Suhr et al. , 2008). Olivine-rich troctolites from Hole U1309D were selected for this study because they are unique samples from active spreading ridges that record the oceanic crustal evolution from early magmatic processes of melt-rock interaction and crystallization of a primitive MORB, to exhumation and cooling during OCC formation. We apply diffusion modelling to provide a comprehensive dataset of timescales related to these magmatic processes and to reconstruct the geodynamic evolution of the oceanic crust from the Atlantis Massif OCC. Diffusion modelling of chemical species in rock-forming minerals is a tool widely used to quantify the timescales of magmatic processes such as magma assimilation (e. g. ,  Bindeman et al. , 2006; Costa and Dungan, 2005) , magma mixing (e. g. ,  Chamberlain et al.
, 2014; Lynn et al. , 2017a) , magma residence time before eruption (e. g. ,  Lynn et al. , 2018; Nakamura, 1995) , and subsolidus cooling rates of magmatic bodies (e. g. ,  Coogan et al. , 2007 Coogan et al. , , 2002;; Faak et al. , 2013; Faak and Gillis, 2016; Sun and Lissenberg, 2018). Many theoretical and experimental studies have investigated the crystallographic and chemical parameters controlling diffusion of major, minor and trace elements in mafic minerals, most particularly olivine, thus significantly improving the available diffusion coefficient database (e. g. ,  Coogan et al. , 2005; Dohmen and Chakraborty, 2007; Petry et al. , 2004; Spandler and O'Neill, 2010). Concurrently, progresses in analytical techniques now allow measurement in situ of a broad range of chemical elements down to very low concentrations (<<ppm) such as Rare Earth Elements (REE) in olivine (e.
33 min for the blank and 40 s sampling. Concentrations were calibrated against the NIST 612 rhyolitic glass using the values given in  Pearce et al. (1997). Data were reduced with the GLITTER software package  (Van Achterberg et al. , 2001)  using the linear fit to ratio method, and 29 Si was used for internal standardization relative to EPMA data. Signals were carefully monitored and data were filtered for spikes on an element by element basis. Detection limits were between 0. 07 and 1 ppm for Ni, <55 ppb for Mn, Cu, Zn and <22 ppb for Co; they were <5 ppb for most incompatible elements (i. e. , Y and HREE). Reference basalt BIR-1G was used as internal standard to monitor accuracy as well as reproducibility within single series and between runs. This resulted in reproducibility better than 5% for Co and REE, and it is <12% for all other elements (see  Ferrando et al.
(  1 )). Mantle harzburgites sampled at modern ridges are compositionally heterogeneous due to different extents of mantle melting and impregnation processes (e. g. ,  D'Errico et al. , 2016; Regelous et al. , 2016; Tamura et al. , 2008). Also, among the little data available of in situ trace element composition of olivines in abyssal harzburgite (e. g. ,D  'Errico et al. , 2016 ; Regelous et al. , 2016)  none is from samples collected at the Atlantis Massif OCC. The Gakkel Ridge is a slow-to ultra-slow avolcanic spreading ridge, similar to the region of MAR where the Atlantis Massif OCC is located. For these reasons, we explored the variation in timescales of MT diffusive re-equilibration using two different initial compositions (Table  B2 ): (i) C 0 a is the average composition of olivine in harzburgites from Gakkel Ridge  (D'Errico et al.
, 2016; Regelous et al. , 2016) ; (ii) C 0 b is the composition of a single harzburgite olivine corresponding to that used by  Ferrando et al. (2018)  (values of Zn and Co are averages of the most primitive olivines from the global database of abyssal peridotite compositions in  Regelous et al. , 2016). The resulting variation in modelled timescale related to initial compositions is expressed as Δt x = │t(C 0 a) -t(C 0 b)│, where t(C 0 a) and t(C 0 b) are timescales calculated for C 0 a and C 0 b, respectively. Boundary conditions for the models are set to the measured olivine compositions, which represent the last reacted melt composition that is in equilibrium with adjacent clinopyroxene and plagioclase present in Ol-T (C equilibrium in Eq. (  1 )). Boundary melt compositions are constrained by the averages of olivine composition in the U1309D Ol-T1  (Ferrando et al.
Acknowledgements An anonymous Reviewer and  M. Jollands  are acknowledged for helpful comments and suggestions that improved the manuscript. Also, we are grateful to  M. Jollands  for further constructive discussions. The authors are thankful to  T. Shea  for initial model guidance. We thank  A. Wallace  for introduction and access to the  University of Delaware 's High Performance Computing resources. The authors thank  B. Boyer  and  O. Bruguier  for assistance on analytical instruments from the  Microsonde Sud  ( Géosciences Montpellier ,  University of Montpellier ) and  AETE-ISO platforms ("Analyses des Elements en Trace dans l'Environnement et ISOtopes "; OREME observatory, University of Montpellier) respectively. This project has been supported by the  People Programme  ( Marie Curie Actions ) of the European Union's  Seventh Framework Programme FP7 / 2007-2013/ under  REA-Grant  Agreement No.
The branches were immediately placed into a water-bucket prior to gas exchange measurements. The short-term effect of cutting was previously evaluated for Nyungwe tree species, showing no significant effect on V cmax and a quite small negative effect (-8%; p < 0. 05) on J max  (Dusenge et al. , 2015). It was therefore unlikely that branch excision caused a sufficient disruption of xylem water continuity to substantially affect gas exchange measurements, as it may occur in some tropical tree species  (Santiago and Mulkey, 2003). After the measurement campaign from late February to April, it was found that a leak had been present in one of the two instruments used. The conductance of the leak was quantified and used to recalculate A n and C i data on the assumption that the CO 2 concentration around the leaf chamber was 400 mmol mol -1.
Species-specific V cmax values determined for the adjusted data were very similar to the V cmax values determined for data from the instrument without a leak (on average 1% difference). However, we refrain from reporting J max data for the measurements affected by the leak since the leak correction was considerably larger at high compared to low CO 2 concentrations inside the leaf chamber (e. g. , about five times as large at 2000 mmol mol -1 than at 60 mmol mol -1 , at an ambient outside CO 2 concentration of 400 mmol mol -1 ). As result, we present no J max data for two out of 12 species.
at least 10% lower than A c at the C i value of that data point. These criteria caused the exclusion of only two J max values. Lightsaturated net photosynthesis at a common C i of 280 µmol mol -1 (A 280 ; assuming the intercellular to ambient CO 2 concentration to be 0. 7) was calculated based on the fitted photosynthesis model for each leaf. Values of V cmax , J max , and A 280 are reported for a reference leaf temperature of 25°C using temperature response equations from  Bernacchi et al. (2001) , although most measurements were conducted at 20°C. Reported values of R d were standardized to a leaf temperature of 25°C (R d25 ) using a Q 10 value of 2. 14, as suggested for tropical species  (Atkin and Tjoelker, 2003). The apparent (i. e. based on incident rather than absorbed radiation) quantum yield of photosynthesis was determined as the slope of the light-response curve in the PPFD range 25-50 mmol m -2 s -1.
06 is the amount of cytochrome f per unit N in bioenergetics in mmol g -1  (Niinemets and Tenhunen, 1997). The sum of N R and N B (N R+B ) was used as a measure of leaf N in compounds determining the maximum photosynthetic rate, i. e. photosynthetic capacity The N LH was estimated according to  Evans and Poorter (2001)  as: N LH = 41 Â 0:0155 Â Chl (Eqn 5) where Chl is the area-based chlorophyll content (g m -2 ), 41 is the N content per unit chlorophyll in light-harvesting complexes and photosystems in sun exposed leaves in mol mol -1 , and 0. 0155 is the molar mass ratio of N to chlorophyll. We divided N R+B and N LH by N tot to get the fractional investments (g g -1 ) to compounds maximizing photosynthetic capacity and light harvesting, respectively. For leaves lacking J max data (see Leaf Gas Exchange Measurements section above), N B was estimated by assuming that these leaves had the same J max /V cmax ratio as other leaves of the same species for which J max data were available.
, 2000; Kumagai et al. , 2001; Meir et al. , 2002; Sholtis et al. , 2004; Calfapietra et al. , 2005; Domingues et al. , 2005; Tissue et al. , 2005). Since both N tot and photosynthetic capacity are typically higher in sun leaves than in shade leaves this contributes to the overall relationship between the two variables in these studies (e. g. Carswell et al. , 2000). Third, meta-analyses included data from tropical areas with large variation in soil fertility (both N and P) while such variation is considerably lower in most specific field studies. This is well illustrated in a recent field study on 210 tree species from lowland Amazonian (lower soil fertility) and upland Andes (higher soil fertility) tropical rainforests, in which a significant relationship between photosynthetic capacity and leaf N tot was found when data from both sites were pooled together (not necessarily a causal relationship since leaf N and P co-varied;  Bahar et al.
FUNDING This study was supported by the  Strategic Research Area "Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services in a Changing Climate " (BECC; https://www. becc. lu. se/) and the  University of Rwanda-Sweden program for Research, Higher Education and Institutional Advancement , financed by  Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (Sida). Thanks also to IDEA WILD (http://www. ideawild. org)for a field laptop. The first author was also funded by Pôle  A2F ,  Université de Lorraine ,.
Search strategy and inclusion/exclusion criteria To answer the above research questions, several keywords were adopted as follows: accessib* AND Open AND Educational Resource*, accessib* AND OER, accessib* AND Open Educational Resource, accessib* AND OEP, accessib* AND Open Pedagogy, accessib* AND Open teaching, accessib* AND Open assessment, accessib* AND Open educational Practices, Inclusive learning AND Open educational resource, Inclusive learning AND OER. The search was conducted in several databases, including ScienceDirect, Wiley Online Library, IEEE Xplore Digital Library, Core Collections of Web of Science and Taylor & Francis Online. ResearchGate, a network for researchers to share, discover and discuss research, was also used to retrieve the related papers. The obtained papers were then filtered based on specific inclusion/exclusion criteria.
, 2019) , based on questions like 'Is it easy to learn how to use the website?' or 'Can the user resolve the tasks on the website without unnecessary effort?'  (Navarrete & Luján-Mora, 2018). Several researchers, however, claimed that using questionnaires may not be motivating for learners, since they are typically too long. Additionally, learners may not fully reveal their experiences and may try to respond optimistically when they feel that they are being assessed by others  (Okada & Oltmanns, 2009). To counterbalance these attitudes, given the rapid growth of technology and the era of big data and learning analytics, researchers should focus more on using the data generated by learners to obtain insights about the accessibility of OER-based learning processes. If we consider that the accessibility of OER and OEP should aim at enabling all users, including disabled ones, having equitable learning opportunities, this focus on technical accessibility suggests that the research on OER and OEP for disabled learners is still in its infancy, since most researchers have focused on a rather superficial analysis that does not rely on rich datasets.
Only three assessment methods are used: automatic tools, simulator tools and manual tools (research question 3). Therefore, in the era of big data, researchers and practitioners should also begin applying learning analytics for more accurate assessment of the accessible learning experience provided to disabled and functional-impaired students. Among the four accessibility attributes, 'robust' has the highest percentage of errors (research question 3). Therefore, OER developers should place more emphasis on OER's compatibility with most assistive devices, as well as operating systems (Windows, Mac OSX and Linux). In addition, the authors consider direct support to educators a key issue, so that they learn the foundations of functional diversity, develop the skill set to operate learning resources under these terms and are fully aware of the significance of and need for specific actions around the topic.
Separately, biotinylated SARS-CoV-2 RBD at 8 µg/mL was loaded onto a preconditioned Series S Sensor Chip CAP chip (Cytiva Life Sciences) to achieve an Rmax of approximately 60 RUs upon nanobody binding. 2-fold serial dilutions in the same running buffer and sample series (parent or affinity matured clone) as the Spike* runs were flowed over the RBD surface at 30 µL/minute for 60 seconds followed by 600 seconds of dissociation flow. Chip surface regeneration was performed with a guanidine hydrochloride/sodium hydroxide solution. The resulting sensorgrams for all monovalent clones were fit to a 1:1 Langmuir binding model using the Biacore Insight Evaluation Software (Cytiva Life Sciences) or the association/dissociation model in GraphPad Prism 8. 0. For determination of kinetic parameters for Nb6-bi and Nb6-tri binding, the dissociation phase was fit to a biexponential decay constrained to two dissociation rate constants shared between each concentration.
Image Processing For all datasets, dose fractionated super-resolution movies were motion corrected with MotionCor2  [47]. Contrast transfer function determination was performed with cryoSPARC patch CTF  [48]. Particles were picked with a 20 Å low-pass filtered apo Spike 2D templates generated from a prior data collection. Nb6-Spike* and mNb6-Spike* particles were extracted with a 384 pixel box, binned to 96 pixels and subject to single rounds of 2D and 3D classification prior to unbinning for homogenous refinement in cryoSPARC  [48]. Refined particles were then imported into Relion3. 1 for 3D classification without alignment using the input refinement map low pass filtered to 40 Å  [49]. Particles in classes representing the closed conformation of Spike were imported into cisTEM and subject to autorefinement followed by local refinement within a RBD::nanobody masked region  [50].
The eluent was electrospray ionized into a Bruker timsTOF Pro mass spectrometer and data was collected using datadependent PASEF acquisition. Database searching and extraction of MS1 peptide abundances was performed using the FragPipe platform with either trypsin or GluC enzyme specificity, and all peptide and protein identifications were filtered to a 1% false-discovery rate [59]. Searches were performed against a concatenated protein database of the Spike protein, common contaminant proteins, and the Saccharomyces cerevisiae proteome (downloaded July 23, 2020). Note, the Saccharomyces cerevisiae proteome was included to generate a sufficient population of true negative identifications for robust false discovery rate estimation of peptide and protein identifications. Lastly, the area under the curve MS1 intensities reported from.
Acknowledgements This work was supported by the  UCSF Program for Breakthrough Biomedical Research (PBBR) , which is partially funded by the  Sandler Foundation. Further support was provided by the  National Institutes of Health (NIH)  grant  DP5OD023048  ( A. Manglik ). Cryo-EM equipment at  UCSF  is partially supported by  NIH  grants  S10OD020054  and  S10OD021741. Work by  M. Vignuzzi  was funded by the  Laboratoire d'Excellence  grant  ANR-10-LABX-62-IBEID  and the  URGENCE COVID-19 Institut Pasteur fundraising campaign. The radiolytic hydroxyl radical footprinting is supported by  NIH   1R01GM126218. The Advanced Light Source is supported by the  Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, of the U. S. DOE  under contract  DE-AC02-05CH11231. S. Sangwan was supported by a  Helen Hay Whitney postdoctoral fellowship.
C. Billesbølle  acknowledges support from the  Alfred Benzon Foundation. K. Leon  was funded by  NIH/NINDS  award  F31NS113432  and a  UCSF Discovery Fellowship  from the  Otellini Family. M. Ott acknowledges support through a gift from the  Roddenbury Foundation. P. Walter  is an Investigator of the  Howard Hughes Medical Institute. A. Manglik  acknowledges support from the  Pew Charitable Trusts , the  Esther and A. & Joseph Klingenstein Fund and the Searle Scholars Program. We thank the entire Walter and Manglik labs for facilitating the development and rapid execution of this large-scale collaborative effort. We thank  Sebastian Bernales  and  Tony De Fougerolles  for advice and helpful discussion, and  Jonathan Weissman  for input into the project and reagent and machine use. We thank  Jim Wells  for providing the ACE2 ECD-Fc construct,  Jason McLellan  for providing Spike, RBD, and ACE2 constructs, and  Florian Krammer  for providing an RBD construct.
5, unmasked/masked 7. 8/4. 6 4. 1/3. 4 7. 0/4. 4 7. 6/5. 3 3. 9/3. 3 FSC 0. 143, unmasked/masked 4. 7/3. 8 3. 5/3. 0 4. 3/3. 7 5. 1/4. 2 3. 2/2. 9 Refinement Initial model used (PDB code) 6VXX, 3P0G 6VXX, 3P0G Model resolution (Å) FSC 0. 5, unmasked/masked 3. 5/3. 1 3. 2/2. 9 Model composition Non-hydrogen atoms 26904 27015 Protein residues 3360 3360 B factors (Å 2 ) Protein 97. 0 57. 5 Ligand 107. 4 85. 7 R. m. s. deviations Bond lengths (Å) 0. 014 0. 007 Bond angles (°) 1. 379 1. 027 Validation MolProbity score 1. 99 1. 71 Clashscore 12. 70 6. 46 Poor rotamers (%) 0. 45 0. 41 EMRinger score 2. 98 4. 01 CaBLAM score 3. 11 2. 95 Ramachandran plot Favored (%) 94. 49 94. 92 Allowed (%) 5. 51 5. 08 Disallowed (%) 0 0.
Materials and methods The type specimens are deposited in China West Normal University, Nanchong, Sichuan Province, China. The specimens were collected by net capture during daytime. The genitalia were separated from the insect body using micro-scissors under a stereomicroscope Leica M205C, then transferred and boiled in a 5ml beaker with 10% NaOH solution for a few minutes until muscles were completely dissolved leaving only tegumentary structures. After rinsing in distilled water several times to clean the residual NaOH solution, genitalia were subsequently transferred to glycerine for final dissection and observation, and then stored under the specimen in a genitalia vial for final conservation. Photographs for external morphology and genitalia characters were taken using a Leica DFC camera attached to a Leica M205FA stereomicroscope and further refined with LAS X software.
Morphological terminologies for male genitalia follow  Bourgoin (1987) , for female genitalia  Bourgoin (1993) , and for wing venation  Bourgoin et al. (2015). Total genomic DNA was extracted from the fore and middle legs of the holotype specimen using a Sangon Ezup column animal genomic DNA purification kit. The DNA of the genes (18S rRNA, 28S rRNA, COXI, Cytb) was amplified using the same primers and amplification procedures as in  Wang et al. (2016). DNA sequencing was conducted by the Sangon Company (Shanghai, China). Contigs assembly was made using the software Seqman from package DNAstar v5. 01 (www. dnastar. com). All sequences were registered in GenBank with accession numbers mentioned below. MEGA v7. 0  (Kumar et al. 2016 ) was used for performing alignments for a subset of taxa already analysed in  Wang et al.
(2016)  but restricted to Sarimini plus the new genus. Phylogenetic analysis was performed using the software IQTREE v1. 4. 1  (Nguyen et al. 2015)  with 10,000 bootstraps  (Minh et al. 2013 ) and substitution models automatically selected with partitions unlinked. According to the results of  Wang et al. (2016) , genus Darwallia Gnezdilov, 2010 was chosen as an out-group for the analysis. FIGTREE v1. 1. 2 (Rambaut 2016 ) was used to visualize the tree. Diagnosis. This new taxon appears similar to Eusarima but differs by: 1) Vertex much longer, around 1. 3 times wider than long in midline (Fig. 1 ), but around 1. 6 times wider in Eusarima  (Chan and Yang 1994, fig. 45A); 2) MP vein forking late in apical 1/3, obviously after CuA (Fig. 4 ), while MP and CuA fork near middle, almost at the same level in Eusarima  (Chan and Yang 1994, fig.
18 ). Endogonocoxal process reaching to the same level of apex of anterior connective lamina (Fig. 18 ). Gonocoxa VIII long rectangular, perpendicular the gonapophysis VIII (Fig. 18 ). Apical margin of sternite VII mostly straight, with middle part very shallowly incised and two prominent dorso-lateral angles in ventral view (Fig. 17 ). Etymology. The name refers to the type locality of the species. Phylogeny. The molecular sequences obtained were registered in GenBank with the following accession numbers: MN955873 (18S, primers: 3F-Bi + A2-9R), MN955872 (28S D3-D5, primers: Ai-D4D5r), MN955852 (28S D6-D7, primers: EE-MM), MN954323 (COXI). Cytb sequence was failed to obtain. Molecular analysis based on available sequences of the 18S rRNA, 28S rRNA, COXI and Cytb genes confirms the morphological data positioning the new taxon in Sarimini.
Acknowledgements We sincerely thank  Ms Feilong Yang  and  Kun Zhao  who collecting specimens for this study. This study was supported by  Sichuan Science and Technology Program  ( 2019YFH0086 ),  Sichuan Education Program  ( 18ZA0481 ),  Sichuan overseas Chinese talents prior sci-tech program , the  Fundamental Research Funds of China West Normal University  ( 17B009 ) and the  Doctoral Scientific Research Foundation of China West Normal University  ( 17E070 ).
Statistical analysis Statistical analyses were performed with Stata software (version 13; StataCorp, College Station, Texas, USA), using a bilateral type 1 error risk of 5%. The population was described in terms of numbers and associated percentages for categorical variables and mean ± standard deviation or median [interquartile interval] for quantitative variables, depending on their statistical distribution. Since both eyes of the same patient could be studied, change in visual acuity (logMAR) before/after fitting was measured by a mixed linear model, defining the patient as a random effect and time (before/after) as a fixed effect.
lack of realism in the results. Even so, simulation is the most widely used technique for carrying out network experiments during the development and research stage  [181] , as seen in Figure  7(a). Simulation tools provide multi-access control, resource management, and measurements of packet delivery ratio and delay, as well as, different models to evaluate networks such as ad hoc, sensors, and optical networks. Some simulators used to do computation offloading in VANETs were: OMNeT++  [183] , ns-3  [184] , and MATLAB-based environments  [185]. For example, in  [75] ,  [97] , and  [131]  OMNeT++ was used; in  [83] ,  [94] , and  [128]  ns-3 was used; and MATLAB-based environments were used in  [96] ,  [157] , and  [186].
Results: The CNN system we developed achieved an accuracy of 85. 83%, a sensitivity of 94. 23%, and a specificity of 94. 67% after the fusion of the 2 streams was accomplished. The classification accuracy of normal esophagus, premalignant lesion, and EC were 94. 23%, 82. 5%, and 77. 14%, respectively, which shows a better performance than the Local Binary Patterns (LBP) + Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Histogram of Gradient (HOG) + SVM methods. A total of 8 of the 35 (22. 85%) EC lesions were categorized as premalignant lesions because of their slightly reddish and flat lesions. Conclusions: The CNN system, with 2 streams, demonstrated high sensitivity and specificity with the endoscopic images. It obtained better detection performance than the currently used methods based on the same datasets and has great application prospects in assisting endoscopists to distinguish esophageal lesion subclasses.