dataesr/scientific-paragraphs-categorization huggingface dataset:
And digital lets us offer children thousands of books today, and millions more tomor row. (Purvi Shah) Since copyright can create a barrier to the flow of books from dominant languages to disadvantaged ones, the primary focus of StoryWeaver in the first few years since its inception was to build language capacity. 'The idea behind this was … (to) allow books to be translated into languages that we do not publish in, or be published in newer formats such as Braille books, audiobooks or audio-visual books,' said Suzanne Singh. Open access allowed books to reach the world's 285 million blind or visually disabled people who were experiencing a book famine. Approximately 90 per cent of the world's visu ally disabled populations live in developing countries, and only 1 per cent of published works are available in formats accessible to them.
When the United States gave non-profits the permis sion to create and distribute specialized books exclu sively for disabled persons, without needing to obtain a licence from the copyright holder, more than 200 000 LOGOS 33/2-3 © 2022 LOGOS The Power of Open Smit Zaveri titles became available to thousands of printdisabled readers for free. This suggests that 'when copyright bar riers are lowered, not-for-profit solutions may emerge to serve neglected audiences. This provides some reason for optimism that similar solutions may also work for underserved languages. '7 From the idea of how can more books in more lan guages be brought on to StoryWeaver and how can these books be pushed farther and farther into the world came the thought that drives StoryWeaver and all the innova tion on it today.
The platform distributes the ability to solve. The team asked themselves how users could get the most out of this platform and its content to meet their needs and specifications easily and accessibly? The answer was not simply building an online library for all. The first few years of running StoryWeaver involved empowering teachers, creators; and translators to build StoryWeaver's language capacity. The collaborative tools on the platform let people create their own version of a story, in their language, at their own pace and time. Since The collaborative tools on the platform let people create their own version of a story, in their language, at their own pace and time. a majority of its users came from socio-economic back grounds that didn't enable them to own computers or laptops, the platform had to be mobile-friendly so that most translations could happen on their handheld devices.
Internet penetration in India was barely 27 to 30 per cent in 2015-2016 (which has risen to 41 per cent as of 2021),8 so the platform had to allow for an offline translation mode that helped people who didn't have the infrastructure to access StoryWeaver online at all times. Within just two years, the number of languages avail able on the platform had gone from 24 to 104. Some stories were available in over 45 languages, includ ing Khmer language and a few African languages. 9 StoryWeaver developed input tools for languages where none were available and worked with partners and com munity-based organisations to bring indigenous Indian languages such as Kora and Santhali onto the platform through training and hands-on workshops. By publish ing books under a Creative Commons CCBY licence, Pratham Books and StoryWeaver are changing how con tent is accessed, used, adapted, and propagated in com munities, at scale.
Pratham Books won a grant to build the first version of Storyweaver as a finalist in the Google Impact Challenge held in India. Subsequently, Google donated an addi tional $5M to scale up StoryWeaver. Our books are sup ported by grants and partnerships with companies such as Cisco and Oracle, academic institutions such as Azim Premji University and other not-for-profit organisations such as Humane Society International. The sales of our books also add to the funds used to innovate formats and create new titles. Apart from this, crowdfunding is a huge driver to dis tribute books via 'Donate-A-Book' , a platform created so that beneficiaries, which could be schools or libraries, can put up requests for Pratham Books which are then fulfilled by online donors and individuals around the world. These books are then disseminated by our teams as a mobile library in a classroom, which can be hung anywhere and can have books across reading levels and across languages! The platform was established in 2015, and since then has reached out to almost a million chil dren in 26+ states of India through 650+ campaigns, dis tributing half a million print books.
But upon realizing the limitations of print, they moved towards something more audacious -adopting an open licence to create an innovative digital platform, StoryWeaver, that not only housed Pratham Books' titles but empowered users to use, adapt, download, and translate books as they saw fit to address the gaps in their own spheres and help put books in children's hands. In just seven years, StoryWeaver has grown 50 times in size and scope, from a repository of 800 books in 24 languages to over 45 000 books in 314 languages. By disrupting traditional publishing models, Pratham Books' StoryWeaver has shown us what the future of publishing and reading looks like.
The management of rGB is based on expert guidelines, such as those of the European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO)  [16] , the European Association of Neuro-Oncology (EANO)  [3] , the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN, https://www. nccn. org (accessed on 1 February 2022)) and "Association des Neuro-Oncologues d'Expression Française" (ANOCEF, https://www. anocef. org (accessed on 1 January 2018)). Treatment decisions often require multi-disciplinary discussions on a case-by-case basis, to determine the optimal second-line options for improving survival and health-related quality of life (HRQoL). The aim of this retrospective study was to use French GB biobank (FGB) data to evaluate, retrospectively, the second-line options currently used, with a view to defining the optimal approach and future directions in GB research.
The FGB is an academic biobank developed in 2012, following a call for tenders from the "Institut National du Cancer" (INCa)  [17]. This biobank holds biological materials and clinical data for adult patients with GB, and it is managed with the support of neurosurgeons, neuropathologists, neurooncologists and biologists from 25 centers throughout  France. Clinical data from about 1400 GB patients, including epidemiological, imaging, tumor characteristics and follow-up data, have been included in the FGB to date, together with a collection of biological samples, including frozen and formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tumor tissues and blood samples. We selected the patients with de novo IDH-wildtype GB recurring after surgical resection and TMZ chemoradiotherapy for this retrospective analysis.
Data Collection Baseline characteristics, such as age, sex, preoperative Karnofsky performance score (KPS), tumor laterality, tumor extent, extent of resection (EOR), O(6)-methylguanine methyltransferase (MGMT) methylation status, Stupp protocol regimen, recurrence location and follow-up, were collected from eCRFs built with Ennov Clinical software (Ennov, Paris, France). This software is ISO9001:2015-certified for all products and activities and meets the recommendations of the FDA 21CRF Part11 and the EMA for the IT security of clinical data. The methylation status of the MGMT promoter was assessed, according to local standards, by methylation-specific PCR or pyrosequencing. EOR was recorded by the surgeon performing the operation or was determined from a postoperative MRI scan performed within 48 h of surgery by a neuroradiologist.
3%) were included in clinical trials. A significant difference in systemic treatment regimens was observed between the three TFR groups. TMZ rechallenge and bevacizumab plus TMZ were administered more frequently to patients with a long TFR, whereas bevacizumab plus nitrosourea was prescribed more frequently for patients with short and intermediate TFR. This is not surprising given that the patients with a long TFR were those who responded most successfully to first-line Stupp treatment. Given the small number of patients with intermediate or long TFR, all 338 GB patients selected from the FGB database were included in the analysis of second-line treatment efficacy. This analysis showed that reoperation before the use of systemic treatment did not increase survival. Median OS2 was  10. 4  for the reoperated and 10.
Acknowledgments: We thank the  DRCI (CHU, Angers)  for managing the legal and administrative aspects of this project,  ANOCEF (Association des Neuro-Oncologues d'Expression Française)  for its support to the FGB,  Tanguy Roman  and  Marion Rigot  ( CHU, Nantes ) for assistance with data management,  Jérémie Riou  ( CHU, Angers ) for his advice on statistical analysis and Alex Edelman and Associates for correcting the English of the manuscript.
Speech data collection We here use 1084 readings of 4 short texts (see Appendix) that were collected for different purposes: Text 01 This short story is adapted from  Friot (2007). This is a 159 word narrative text, with 13 sentences ranging from 7 to 18 words. It was used in a 3-year longitudinal study on reading prosody development. This study took place in two primary schools and one middle school in the Grenoble urban area. The protocol was approved by an ethical committee and the local representative of the French Ministry of Education. In year 1, we recorded 330 pupils from grade 2 to grade 7. Whenever possible, the 61 s graders were recorded again in grades 3 and 4 during the next two years. Only 50 of them recorded the text three times. Text 02 This text is a 155 word dialog between 2 characters.
Text-to-speech alignment All text-to-speech alignments performed at the phone-and wordlevel have been hand-checked. The acoustic model, the pronunciation dictionary, and tri-gram language model of a GMM/HMM modeltrained using Kaldi  (Povey et al. , 2011)  -have been constantly updated as aligned data have been hand-checked. Our labeling policy consists in building an extended lexicon with correct and incorrect pronunciations of the text words as well out-of-text words (see an example in Fig. 4 ). The tri-gram model is thus also disfluent: it incorporates text-specific syntactic organization of false starts, repetitions, and incorrect pronunciations. These disfluent lexicons and tri-gram models are trained on the children's readings (see  Godde et al. , 2017 , for the first mention of this forced-alignment policy).
(2018)  focus on whether or not the speaker positioned the stress on the appropriate syllable. Native reference utterances for each word present in the dataset were taken from online English dictionaries pronounced by speakers with various English accents: the 3 clusters for F0 and 2 clusters for intensity contours are likely to encode pronunciation variants. Similar to what we proposed for the analysis of social gaze patterns  (Bailly et al. , 2010) , we used MultiDimensional Scaling (MDS) to first map prosodic patterns of reference stimuli to points in a low n-dimensional space (n = 3 here) and then project children's prosodic patterns that will be finally characterized by a few loading factors.
Multilinear regression Verbal and prosodic features (computed using text-specific prosodic spaces) are used to estimate subjective ratings of the training material following the procedure described in Section 5. Fig. 12  displays the distributions of errors between predicted and subjective ratings for the training versus test data, compiled for all texts. The standard deviations of prediction errors for the test data stay below 0. 5 points when models use text-specific prosodic features  (COE and F0). When discarding prosodic features, the prediction of phrasing (PHR) and expressivity (EXP) is significantly degraded. Table  3  finally gives the mean correlations between ground-truth subjective and automatically predicted scores for the training and test partitions. Only results obtained on texts 01 and 02 are given since other texts lack sufficient readings to provide enough data in each partition.
The long-term goal of this work is to include this automatic assessment in a computer-assisted training curriculum for reading fluency, both in the classroom and in autonomy at home. This curriculum goes through the training of elementary skills such as the expansion of the visual attention span, phonological awareness, word recognition. as well as reading of pseudo-words and isolated sentences. But the ultimate goal is to improve fluency and online comprehension of whole The protocol has been approved by the local ethical committee (CERNI-Avis-2018-03-06-2). This work has been financed by the CDCfounded e-FRAN Fluence project and MIAI@Grenoble-Alpes (ANR-19-P3IA-0003). We warmly thank all pupils and teachers for their hospitality to the experimenters, Erika Godde and Manon Metz. Adults have been recorded by Anne-Claire Dugué and numerous text-to-phonetic alignments have been hand-checked by Margaux Manka.
Data collection Data were collected prospectively, before the implementation of the activities, at the end, and 6 months later. The same data were collected as in the baseline collection, using the same tools. Data collection tools was a questionnaire that was designed based on the TPB. The data collected related to [35]: General Information; Socio-demographic data (age, sex, marital status, ethnicity, religion, level of education, average income, number of dependents); History (how long they have been driving motorcycles and in the motorcycle taxi profession, whether they own their motorcycle, road accidents, number of days of driving per week, average number of hours of driving per day, sanctions for not wearing a helmet); Knowledge: Five (  5 ) questions (advantages, disadvantages, characteristics of a quality helmet); Attitudes: Eight (  8 ) questions (perception, judgement related to wearing a helmet); Subjective norms: Four (4) questions (influence of those around you); Perceived behavioural control: Three (3) questions (perceived constraints in relation to wearing a helmet); Intention of wearing a helmet: Four (4) questions (possession of a helmet and reason for purchase, willingness to wear helmet); Practices of use, and information on the helmet: Six (6) questions (frequency, time/period of wearing of the helmet, mode of use, type and condition of the helmet).
Data processing and analysis The data collected via KoboCollect were extracted and processed using Excel and Stata 15 software. They were analysed using Stata 15. When analysing the baseline data, the study population was described according to their socio-demographic data and the number of interactive sessions in which they had participated. The subjects included in the initial data collection, but who do not respond to the other collections, were compared with the respondents in order to verify the existence of a bias. These comparisons were made using the Chi 2 test after checking that the conditions were met (the expected values ≥5). If the conditions were not met, we used Fisher's exact test  [35]. The actual data analysis compared subjects not excluded from the intervention group with those from the control group.
Conclusion As research in the field of road accident prevention is rare in Benin, this study help fill a significant gap. It provide factual data on the rate of helmet use among motorcycle taxi drivers and on their knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) relating to helmet use. The study shows the effectiveness of awareness raising activities targeting specific groups and based on proven theories such as TPB. In order to induce the behaviour of permanent helmet wearing by motorbike taxi drivers, this intervention model could be replicated among several motorbike taxi groups. It could also be adapted and applied to other socio-professional groups of two-wheeled users or even other types of users. Centre of Road Safety (CNSR) and the ReMPARt project, which is a research project for the development of ARES.
Acknowledgements The research team would like to thank the authorities of the Regional Institute of Public Health. The following people who have contributed or facilitated the validation of this protocol are also thanked for their contributions:  Prof. Elisabeth Paul  from  ULB (Belgium) ,  Prof. David HOUETO  from  UP (BENIN) ,  Dr. Emmanuel BONNET  from  IRD (Burkina Faso ),  Amandine Fillol  from  IRD (Paris Descartes University ),  Justine GUEDEGBE CAPO  from  IRSP (BENIN) ,  Joel Paterson KPENONHOUN  from  UAC (BENIN) ,  Gilchrist GOUTON  (BENIN). Dual publication: The protocol of this study has been published in BMC public Health. Then the Figs. 1 and2 and a big part of the background and the methods have been published.
Upon the completion of sequencing, the reads were quality filtered and assembled to generate nonredundant metasequences, and genes were predicted and annotated as described previously  (12). One gene encoding a predicted carboxylic ester hydrolase was identified. The gene was amplified with specific primers, cloned into the p15TV-L vector, and transformed into Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) cells for expression of the N-terminal His 6 -tagged proteins. The deduced amino acid sequence of the enzyme (324 amino acids long) was used for homology searches in the taxonomy and functional assignment. A database search indicated that EH 0 showed 99% identity with the a/b hydrolase enzyme from Sphingomonas pruni (protein identifier [ID] WP_066587239), both of which are classified as members of the a/b hydrolase-3 family (PF07859).
A prominent inhibiting effect was shown for all cations, except for magnesium, which was well tolerated at 1 to 10 mM (,5% inhibition). EH 0 presents tight folding of its cap domain. The crystal structure of wild-type EH 0 was obtained at 2. 01-Å resolution, with the P2 1 2 1 2 1 space group and two crystallography-independent molecules in the asymmetric unit. Molecular replacement was performed using Est8 as a template (PDB code 4YPV)  (26) , and the final model was refined to a crystallographic R factor of 0. 1717 and R free of 0. 2019 (Table  S4 ). As with other reported family IV esterases, EH 0 has an a/b hydrolase fold with two different a Assays were performed in the presence of 5. 0 to 7. 5% DMSO-acetonitrile (see Materials and Methods), concentrations at which the enzyme showed 100% of its activity compared to a control without solvent (see Table  S2  in the supplemental material).
3 Å on 296 Ca atoms (PDB code 7W8N)  (28) , Est8 isolated from Parvibaculum, with 38% identity and an RMSD of 2. 5 Å on 291 Ca atoms (PDB code 4YPV)  (26) , PestE isolated from Pyrobaculum calidifontis, with 33% identity and an RMSD of 2. 6 Å on 294 Ca atoms (PDB code 3ZWQ)  (29) , and EstA isolated from Sulfolobus islandicus REY15A, with 31% identity and an RMSD of 2. 6 Å on 281 Ca atoms (PDB code 5LK6). The structural superimposition of these proteins reveals a high conservation of the corresponding catalytic domains and also a common spatial arrangement of the helices at the cap domains in all the proteins except EH 0 , where a2 and the long a7 are visibly shifted very close to its EH 0 active site and are apparently impeding the entrance of substrates (Fig. 3C ). This was unexpected considering the broad substrate specificity of esterase EH 0 , approaching that of most promiscuous ones  (19).
Consequently, although the proposed role of Pro46 and Pro47 as putative hinges enabling the opening of the cap domain seems appealing, other mechanisms promoting EH 0 plasticity to bulky substrates may also operate. Furthermore, as seen below, it should be noted that the two proline residues are located at the entrance of the narrow tunnel giving access to the active site, an issue that ascribes a prominent role to both residues in binding activity and specificity. Structural details of the EH 0 active site and assignment of the acyl and alcohol moieties were explored by comparison with its homologs E53 complexed with 4-nitrophenyl hexanoate (PDB code 6KEU)  (28)  and EH 1AB1 in complex with a derivative of methyl-4-nitrophenylhexylphosphonate (PDB code 6RB0)  (31). However, the acyl and alcohol moieties of these complexes are located in opposite sites (Fig.
1 at 37°C for 1 h using 1 U of enzyme per 1 mg DNA). DNA concentration was quantified using the Quant-iT dsDNA assay kit (Invitrogen), and DNA sequencing was then outsourced to Fidelity Systems (NJ, USA) for shotgun sequencing using the Illumina MiSeq platform. GeneMark software  (41)  was employed to predict protein coding regions from the sequences of each assembled contig, and deduced amino acid sequences were annotated via BLASTP and the PSI-BLAST tool  (42). Cloning, expression, and purification of proteins. The selected nucleotide sequence was amplified by PCR using Herculase II fusion enzyme (Agilent, USA) with specific oligonucleotide primer pairs incorporating p15TV-L adapters. The corresponding fosmid was used as a template to amplify the target genes. The primers used to amplify the esterase gene characterized in this study were as follows: EH 0F , TTGTATTTCCAGGGCATGACCGAGCTCTTCGTCCGC; EH 0R , CAAGCTTCGTCATCATGCCGCCGCCTGTGCCATC.
PCR products were visualized on a 1% Tris-acetate-EDTA (TAE) agarose gel and purified using the NucleoSpin PCR cleanup kit (Macherey-Nagel) following the manufacturer's instructions. Purified PCR products were cloned into the p15TV-L vector, transformed into E. coli NovaBlue GigaSingles competent cells (Novagen, Germany), and plated on LB agar with 100 mg/mL ampicillin. The correctness of the DNA sequence was then verified by Sanger sequencing at Macrogen Ltd. (Amsterdam, The Netherlands). 3D models of the proteins were generated by Phyre2. The intensive mode attempts to create a complete full-length model of a sequence through a combination of multiple template modeling and simplified ab initio folding simulation  (43). The nucleotide and amino acid sequences of the selected nucleotide sequences are available at GenBank under accession no.
All experiments were performed in triplicate, and a blank with denatured enzyme was included. The concentration of product was calculated by a linear regression equation given on the standard curve performed by the reference compound p-nitrophenol (Sigma). One unit of enzyme activity was defined as 1 mmol of p-nitrophenol produced per minute under the assay conditions. Kinetic parameters were determined under standard conditions and calculated by nonlinear regression analysis of raw data fit to the Michaelis-Menten function using GraphPad Prism software (version 6. 0). For the kinetics with p-NP butyrate and acetate, the concentrations were set up to 0. 1, 0. 5, 1, 2, and 10 mM, using stock concentrations of 100 mM in DMSO-acetonitrile (a maximum concentration of 5% DMSO-acetonitrile was used in the assay).
For p-NP dodecanoate, concentrations of 0. 05, 0. 1, 0. 5, 1, 2, and 3 mM were used, with a stock concentration of 20 mM substrate (a maximum concentration of 7. 5% DMSO-acetonitrile was used in the assay). Raw data and information about precision and calculations are provided in Table  S6  in the supplemental material. The optimal pH for enzyme activity was evaluated with p-NP butyrate by performing the assay in different buffers, specifically 20 mM sodium acetate buffer (pH 4. 0), sodium citrate buffer (pH 5. 5), potassium phosphate buffer (pH 7. 0), and Tris-HCl (pH 8. 0 to 9. 0). The enzyme reactions were stopped by adding 1 mL of cold stop solution (100 mM sodium phosphate buffer, pH 7. 0, 10 mM EDTA) to neutralize the pH and avoid changes in the equilibrium between p-nitrophenol and the deprotonated form p-nitrophenoxide, which would result in a decrease in absorption at the applied wavelength of 410 nm  (45).