dataesr/scientific-paragraphs-categorization huggingface dataset:
Funding The author(s) declare financial support was received for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article. This Research Topic is part of the European Union's  Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Program  ( H2020-BG-10-2020-2 ), grant number No. 101000302 -EcoScope  ( Ecocentric management for sustainable fisheries and healthy marine ecosystems ). The funders had no role in the study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
Materials and methods Real-world data was collected as part of a multicentre, observational, consecutive case series (Clinicaltrials. gov: NCT01550575) for chronic pain patients who had undergone a single-stage procedure for SCS implantation (i. e. , no external temporary trial period) in 18 centres across Europe. All patients provided written, informed consent as per local regulatory requirements. The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and approved by the Ethics Committees from each site.
Study outcomes All data were collected by site personnel, as per standard practice and without any sponsor involvement. Demographic information and outcome measures were documented, including pain location, pain severity and improvement following SCS implant. Overall pain scores were documented using a Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) from 0 (no pain) to 10 (worst pain). NRS scores 3 correspond to mild pain, 4-6 to moderate pain, and !7 to severe pain  [33]. Quality of life was assessed using the EuroQol 5 Dimensions (EQ-5D)-5L questionnaire, using a visual analogue scale (VAS) scored from 0 ('the worst health you could imagine') to 100 ('the best health you could imagine'). Population norms reported in Europe for the EQ-5D-5L VAS are around 70-80  [34] [35] [36]. SCS device settings and patients' most preferred SCS waveforms and therapies were also recorded.
In so doing, there was no direct involvement of the sponsor as it pertains to the collection of data at each of the participating study sites. Results from this observational case-series demonstrate significant improvement in overall pain, low back, and leg pain over 408 days (last follow-up). Patients reported severe pain prior to SCS implant and experienced a highly significant 5. 0-point improvement from baseline that was noted 3 months after implantation and sustained for up to 12 months. At the last follow-up, more than half of SS-SCS patients reported a pain score 3. The reduction in pain relief was accompanied by a significant improvement in quality of life. The EQ-5D-5L VAS, which was low at baseline (25 points), increased to a mean value of 70. 2 points after SS-SCS at the last follow-up, indicating that the patients' quality of life had reached population norms for healthy people in Europe  [34] [35] [36].
Search Strategy A thorough review of the literature served as the study design for this project. To publish systematic reviews of research evaluating health care treatments, this review adhered to the Preferred Publishing Items for Systematic Reviews publication guideline  [27]. The review was generated by the following question: What is the clinical impact of immunotherapy in the management of glioblastoma? In addition to using the papers found through electronic search and review, this was accomplished by carefully searching the most significant and pertinent medical resource databases, including PUBMED, SCOPUS, Cochrane, and Science Direct between 2015 and 2022, based on the considered keywords, including glioblastoma, glioblastoma multiforme OR GBM, AND immune therapy, immunotherapy, immune cell therapy, immune-oncologic therapy, cell therapy, vaccine, vaccination, cell-based therapy, checkpoint inhibitor OR oncolytic viral therapy.
Study Selection and Inclusion/Exclusion Criteria Two blinded investigators searched databases for all eligible studies. Eligibility was determined using the title or abstract and, if necessary, the whole content. This systematic review evaluated the clinical impact of immuno-oncology in patients with glioblastoma. The essay also needed to be original, based on recent English-language publications, and either prospective or retrospective research to qualify for inclusion. The researchers examined both observational data and randomized clinical trials. Exclusion criteria were lack of access to the full text of the manuscript; studies with unclear or irreproducible results (i. e. , lack of clear outcomes or presence of errors in methodology and/or analyses); and review papers.
Statistical analysis Data are expressed as counts and percentages for categorical variables. Continuous variables were initially assessed for normality and are presented as the means and standard deviations (SDs) and as medians and interquartile ranges (IQRs, 25-75%) when not normally distributed. The chi-square test was used to compare categorical variables, and the Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare continuous variables. We first analysed data recorded on Day 1 of admission for ARDS. In the first step, we performed a frequentist analysis to assess whether severe hypercapnia was independently associated with ICU mortality. Thus, we performed a multivariable logistic regression model by entering ICU mortality with the following a priori defined variables: age, sex, SAPS II score, SOFA at day 1, pH at day1, respiratory rate (RR), BMI, PaO 2 /FiO 2 ratio, respiratory system compliance (RSC), driving pressure (DP), and ventilatory ratio.
In a large database of ARDS and non-ARDS mechanically ventilated patients for acute respiratory failure from 2000 to 2013, Tiruvoipati et al. 28  found that hypercapnic acidosis and compensated hypercapnia during the first 24 hours of ICU admission were associated with increased hospital mortality. However, the study population included an unknown proportion of ARDS patients since the most common reasons for MV were post cardiac surgery, cardiac arrest, or cardiogenic shock. To the best of our knowledge, only three clinical studies  [14] [15] [16]  have focused on the relationship between CO 2 retention and prognosis in ARDS patients, which reported conflicting results. The ARMA trial 14 compared 12 to 6 mL. kg -1 PBW of Vt and reported that 1) hypercapnic acidosis had no effect on mortality in patients who received 6 mL.
Method validation The methods presented in this protocol were tested using 21-day-old HepG2/C3A spheroids stained for alpha-smooth muscle actin ( 𝛼-SMA) (Uniprot Accession Number P62736). 21-day-old HepG2/C3A spheroids are large, approximately 800 to 1000 μm pseudo tissue structures with a viable rim and necrotic core  [ 3 , 8 ]. Such spheroids are dense and difficult to analyse using fluorescent light microscopy without sectioning. At the same time, spheroids are fragile and difficult to cut into thin sections without distorting their shape or damaging the internal structures. The presented protocol was compared to a standard cryosectioning and immunostaining protocol  [2]  and validated using two antigen retrieval conditions with 4 and 10 min heat extraction protocols. The results demonstrate a significant increase in 𝛼-SMA staining intensity, with the highest intensity observed after a 10 min heat extraction, Fig.
54 e remaining significant results (not discussed above) from analyses based on the C-IMT max 75th or 50th percentile cutoffs, involve SNPs located in genes previously discussed in relation to: (1) regulation of cardiometabolic factors and related diseases such as obesity, hypertension and diabetes (eg, COBLL1; HFM1, CXCR1; COL21A1, DOCK3; DGKB, BMP1; IDE; KCNQ1; and KCNQ1-AS1, ZC3H10),  [55] [56] [57] [58] [59] [60] [61] [62] [63] [64]  (2) endothelial inflammation and dysfunction (eg, TNFAIP8L1, CCNY, GSE1),  [65] [66] [67]  (3) vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation (eg, VEGFA),  68  (4) inflammatory diseases (eg, PSORS1C1),  69  (5) risk of CVD hard end point such as atrial fibrillation and venous thromboembolism (eg, ZFPM2; LMO7),  70, 71  and (6) addiction behavior including nicotine dependence (eg, SP140L, THSD7B).
Another study limitation is that our genetic data were extracted from genetic chips which do not encompass the whole genome; our results are thus limited to genes related to cardiovascular and immunologic traits which means that some of the relevant SNPs related to smoking predisposition may not have been included. An additional limitation is that our results may not be generalized to populations other than those with European ancestry and at high risk of CVD. Finally, there is also a limitation linked to the fact that our chosen method for interaction analyses requires dichotomization of exposure variables; the results may have been diluted because we included former smokers in the same category as the current smokers. However, smoking cessation is considered a risk factor for CVD. 74 urther, studies on the relation between smoking cessation and C-IMT have not shown any clear decreased risk of C-IMT progression.
STUDY DESIGN, MATERIALS AND METHODS A retrospective review of all the female patients submitted to AUS implantation between April 2005 and March 2023 was conducted. All patients were diagnosed with SUI based on the clinical history, examination, and urodynamics, namely the urethral pressure profile. The AUS (AMS 800™, American Medical System, Minnesota, USA) was implanted via transperitoneal laparoscopic approach, by two experienced surgeons. Patients were assessed at 6 weeks (sphincter activation) and on periodical follow-up visits at 6-and 12-months post-operative and yearly subsequently. Data collected included demographics and baseline characteristics; surgical procedure details; post-operative results and complications; revision (partial or total component replacement), deactivation, and definitive explantation rates, as well as its cause; and current continence and satisfaction status.
Archival records (2) National drug agencies Official press Online documentation (1)(2) Reports, statistical data and specialised press articles. 1 3 International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal (2023) 19:1561-1581 uncertainty of the resources made available to the programs and the limited availability of data on their impact, including economic impact. In this vein, as detailed in a public declaration by the Head of the International Affairs Department of AIFA and Member of the Committee for Orphan Medicinal Products (Comp) of EMA, "The recipe for reducing waiting times for access to medicines is not to invent ad hoc or new procedures, but to work seriously within the existing procedures, with a greater commitment, especially on the differences and inequalities on the ground". Additionally, in a public declaration the VP of Market Access & Government Affairs AstraZeneca attested, "Limit the differences as much as possible.
, 2017) , electromagnetic (EM) waves propagating underwater travel over relatively small distances. Also, underwater radio frequency (RF) communications exhibit high levels of inter-symbol interference. Because of these issues, terrestrial wireless networking standards cannot be used in underwater environments; over the past year, various routing algorithms have been proposed to address the unique characteristics of this type of environment, and the unique challenges it presents in terms of application scenarios  (Thulasiraman & White, 2016). Acoustic communications are the most popular choice for underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSN) since they facilitate efficient network planning and operation. The low data rate and significant propagation latency of acoustic communications necessitate an accurate understanding of underwater sensor position information.
Management and network protocols are intrinsically linked to the network's overall architecture. Underwater localization is essential since it serves as the foundation for all other possible capabilities, such as monitoring data and mobility of nodes  (Erol-Kantarci et al. , 2011). When developing localization algorithms, it is essential to consider the desired quality features. These are rapid coverage, extensive coverage, high accuracy, minimal communication costs, and scalability. These elements add complications to the algorithm, which must be circumvented if we are to achieve success. In addition to localization and temporal synchronization, the problems mentioned above need unique network and transit design methodologies for UWSN. Earlier studies, such as  (Ullah et al. , 2017; Zarar et al.
Additional challenges are given by an underwater setting, such as the deployment of nodes, fluctuations in signal intensity, time synchronization, variations in sound speed, and acoustic wave characteristics, to name a few. Problems with energy efficiency, localization, and routing protocols are just a few examples of the many that still need to be addressed in the UWSN. Once a sensor node is localized, the observed data can be understood. Many localization mechanisms have been designed for WSNs, but they cannot be used in UWSNs without significant modification. In the field of UWSNs, there has recently been a surge in the amount of interest in using distributed antenna systems to connect to wireless communication networks. In a WSN, individual antennas are dispersed and connected by UWANs, an external connection that connects sensor nodes via radio  (Carroll et al.
Rahman et al. (2018)  proposed that the fundamental goal of a localization strategy is to find the location of sensor nodes in a network of sensors (nodes that already know where they are) relative to or precisely concerning a small number of anchor nodes. There are two ways to accomplish this. Furthermore, the article presents a system that uses less energy and can identify and collect data on moving objects. The localization algorithm can be classified into two groups based on the approaches used to establish the location of anything: range-based and range-free. Han et al. (2015)  given range-based localization methods, the position of a sensor node can be computed by measuring the angle or distance between the node and its neighbors. Range-free algorithms, on the other hand, assume that the distance or angle information gathered by neighboring sensor nodes cannot be used for positioning due to hardware limits and costs, which spreads anchor sensor nodes over all networks and uses long-range acoustic channels to communicate with buoys on the water's surface, is widely regarded as one of the best attempts at a localization method in UWSN.
It is easier to carry out rigorous localization when clarity is inside an anchor node. The undersea environment's ray-bending quality must be considered for accurate location readings. This situation is because the speed of sound is considerably lowered under the surface. Using ray theory, one may determine the path that sound rays take when immersed in water. Because the positions of the anchors are inherently imprecise, it is necessary to use Maximum likelihood to determine the precise location of the required sensor node. It is compared to several methods, each of which provides precise data on the exact location of the anchor node. If the anchor nodes are unclear, CRLB is calculated to help estimate the target's location. The UWSN is a collection of sensors that work together to monitor activity in marine habitats.
Measurement Based on Angle Recent research has shown that angle-based metrics are an effective method for underwater localization, and that this method is feasible. The method described in  Choi et al. (2018)  provides an accurate approximation of the AoA of an audio source. Two hydrophones are mounted on a marine vehicle traveling across the water, and the directional angles of the source are measured. Utilizing the properties of acoustic waves that occur in the ocean, specific equipment can send out signals sporadically or continually. The foundation of this strategy is based on the presumption that a particular acoustic source consistently produces the same signal. An initial probability is calculated by utilizing the state transition model in the first step  (Jia-Tong et al. , 2018). In the second step, an algorithm known as a generalized cross-correlation is used for the already collected acoustic data to derive directional information.
, 2019; Berghuijs et al. , 2019; Tarasova et al. , 2020; Stein et al. , 2020 Stein et al. , , 2021;; Tramblay et al. , 2022). For basins under a Mediterranean climate, several studies reported complex interactions between precipitation increases and lower antecedent soil moisture, leading to threshold effects  (Brunner et al. , 2021a)  in the catchment response to changing hydro-climatic conditions  (Wasko and Nathan, 2019; Cao et al. , 2020; Bertola et al. , 2021). Recent largescale studies  (Jiang et al. , 2022; Tarasova et al. , 2023)  suggested a reduction in the frequency of floods driven by soil saturation in Europe, including in basins in the Mediterranean area. Yet, these studies rely on coarse-resolution climate forcings provided by E-OBS, and there is a need to assess whether these findings are also valid in smaller basins with high-resolution datasets, notably with a better estimation of precipitation extremes.
Therefore, the objective of the study is to evaluate how the characteristics of Mediterranean floods are changing. A recent study  (Tramblay et al. , 2019)  indicated no significant trends in flood hazards for a large ensemble of basins located in southern France. This database is used herein and is expanded with a weather type classification linked to floods to further analyze the possible changes in flood event characteristics. This analysis provides a comprehensive view at the regional scale of the evolution in time of flood event characteristics (runoff coefficients, soil moisture, base flow contribution, etc. ), flood event seasonality in relation to large-scale atmospheric patterns, flood event types (excess-rain floods, short-rain floods, etc. ), and their respective magnitude. In Sect.
, 2010). Precipitation and soil moisture data have been extracted and averaged at the catchment scale. The soil moisture data extracted from SIM are a soil wetness index obtained from the normalization of the volumetric soil moisture content with the wilting point and field capacity, ranging between 0 and 1. Land cover classes (forest, agricultural, urban) corresponding to 2018 have been extracted from the CORINE land cover inventory  (Büttner, 2014). In addition, we used the weather type (WT) classification from Electricité de France (EDF), corresponding to a daily classification into eight synoptic situations associated with rainfall events over France  (Garavaglia et al. , 2010). This classification is built on geopotential heights at pressure levels of 700 and 1000 hPa, associated with rainy days over France.
Changes in flood-generating processes When first applying the classification of flood-generating processes to all floods, we find a predominance of excessrainfall events (Fig. 8 ) followed by long rains and short rains, which is consistent with the known flood-generating processes in this region (Mediterranean episodes) and, in particular, the strong influence of saturated soils on runoff generation, with floods mostly occurring during the autumn  (Tramblay et al. , 2010 (Tramblay et al. , , 2019)). The category of other regroups less than 1 % of floods, and it represents mostly events with very low precipitation amounts, likely due to an underestimation of rainfall in the SAFRAN database for some events. sidered, the patterns are remarkably consistent and homogeneous across different basin sizes and locations.
Conclusions The aim of this study was to document the evolution of the characteristics of Mediterranean floods using long river discharge records in southern France, a high-resolution climate and surface reanalysis that is used operationally to monitor water resources and extremes in France, and a classification of weather patterns. This large regional database with an average of 50 years of records allowed us to detect regional significant changes in several flood event characteristics. In most basins, floods tend to occur earlier during the year, with the mean flood date being, on average, advanced by 1 month. This seasonal shift can be attributed to the increased frequency during spring and summer of southerncirculation weather types, which are strongly associated with the occurrence of floods in this region.
, 2004; Li et al. , 2022). Indeed, the daily time step prevents a thorough analysis of changes in rainfall patterns, notably at shorter time steps. Yet, there is no gridded dataset of hourly precipitation before the 2000s in southern France that allows us to repeat such a similar study over 62 years. However, given the availability of radar rainfall over France, it would be possible to analyze, at least for the recent years after 2000, the evolution of several characteristics, such as the evolution of storm hydrographs, concentration time, and the flashiness response of the basins. Another relevant prospective work would be to analyze the spatial extent of floods. Given the future evolution of weather types associated with floods in combination with more local to regional characteristics, such as soil moisture state, these types of events may impact simultaneously wider or smaller parts of the region considered, and this could have serious implications for risk management  (Brunner et al.
Acknowledgements. This study is a contribution to the  EXPLORE2  project funded by the  French Ministry of Ecological Transition. The access to the Météo France and  Banque Hydro  databases is acknowledged. The authors wish to thanks three anonymous reviewers and the associated editor,  Manuela Brunner , for their comments. Review statement. This paper was edited by  Manuela Irene Brunner  and reviewed by three anonymous referees.
Acknowledgement: The authors thanks  Ms Katia Le Dudal ,  Ms Marion Pineiro ,  M. Mathieu Surrenaud ,  Ms Lydia Guillaumat  and  M. Emile Foucat  for technical support. They would also like to thank  M ;  Ricardo Da Silva Antunes Team  in  La Jolla, USA  for providing the peptide pool of Bordetella pertussis antigens, and  Intercommunal Hospital of Créteil's Research Clinical Center  for promoting the study.
The wells were carefully washed twice with PBS followed by the addition of a solution containing DAPI (1/1000 dilution) and secondary antibodies (goat anti-rabbit conjugated with Texas Red; 1/5000 dilution; Invitrogen) in PBS. The plates were incubated at room temperature for 2h. Wells were then carefully washed with PBS and 200l of fresh PBS was added for data acquisition. Images were taken with the Nikon Eclipse Ti inverted microscope (Nikon, Japan).
Statistical analysis. The biofilm assays and RT-qPCR were analysed using a one-way ANOVA test followed by either a Tukey's multiple comparison test or a Dunnett's multiple comparison test. Data Availability. RNA-Seq data generated in this study are available in the NCBI-GEO with the accession number GSE218475. The mass spectrometry proteomics data have been deposited to the ProteomeXchange Consortium via the PRIDE partner repository with the dataset identifier PXD038282.
However, these changes in metabolism-associated genes did not overlap with our previous analyses on gene expression during DCA-induced biofilm formation  (23) , suggesting that CD1687 is not part of the immediate response to DCA and probably plays a role in the downstream response. Taken together, our data suggest that CD1687 helps reorganize metabolic priorities in response to DCA but this hypothesis alone does not explain the role of CD1687 in the biofilm formation without DCA. Therefore, CD1687 may have additional roles. Interestingly, many proteins found at the bacterial cell surface interact with eDNA found in the biofilm matrix and this contributes to the organization and structural stability of the biofilm  (45). Membrane lipoproteins have already been shown to directly interact with eDNA and participate in biofilm architecture.