dataesr/scientific-paragraphs-categorization huggingface dataset:
Model total column calculation procedure It is known that the satellite crossing time over central Mexico is around 10:00 LT  (Clerbaux et al. , 2009; Stremme et al. , 2013). Therefore, the comparisons between satellite and modeled data are made at this time. For this, it is necessary to compute the CO modeled columns (in molecules per cm 2 ) for each grid by using the concentration in every level (in parts per million in volume [ppm]), temperature, pressure and layer thickness (Lt). First, the model height of each level and the thickness of each layer are obtained: Z = PH + PHB ( ) 9. 8 (1) L t = Z n+1 Z n (2) where L t is the layer thickness (m), Z the level height in meters (m), PH the geopotential height (m 2 s -2 ), and PHB the geopotential perturbation (m 2 s -2 ). Then, the state equation is used for the calculation of molecules cm -2 : Molecules number cm 2 = C co * P * NA* L t R *T *10 6 ( 3 ) where P = P atm ( ) = P model + PB 101325 (4), C co is the CO concentration in ppm (mL m -3 ), R = 82.
For UAM-Iztapalapa, a small decrease is observed in its value. The best agreement is obtained in Tenango using scaled emissions and the worst in Amecameca using original emissions. Regarding the RMSE, this statistic decreases for the same seven stations (up to 55%) when the scaled emissions are used; so, according to this statistic, the model performance improve in these locations at the analysis time. For most stations (except UAM-Iztapalapa) it is observed that the results from both statistics agree, reducing the average differences between the model results and the observations (according to RMSE) and increasing the agreement between the modeled and observed data (with respect to the agreement index). As for the UAM-Iztapalapa station, it is possible that the CO concentration is influenced by local factors; consequently, it is related to emissions from other regions causing the RMSE to increase and the agreement index to decrease slightly when the scaled inventories are employed.
Acknowledgments IASI is a joint mission of Eumetsat and the  Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES, France). The authors acknowledge the Aeris data infrastructure (http://iasi. aeris-data. fr/CO/)for providing access to the IASI CO data used in this study. The authors also gratefully acknowledge the computing time granted by  LANCAD  and  CONACYT  on the supercomputer Miztli at DGTIC UNAM and by the supercomputing area at the  Atmospheric Sciences Center (CCA) ,  UNAM. We also thank the support and work of  Bertha Eugenia Mar Morales  in the generation of the high-quality images included in this article. CONACYT is acknowledged for founding this study through a student fellowship, and  UNAM DGAPA-PAPIIT IN111418  is also acknowledged for its support in computational infrastructure. We thank  Alejandro Bezanilla Morlot  for his support in the use of the computational infrastructure.
There was no significant difference between the groups for any of the three parameters at inclusion. Six dogs were not considered for subsequent analysis because they did not receive the diet for the required minimum of three months. Three were in the Flame group (one refused the diet, one developed persistent diarrhoea five weeks after diet transition, and one developed mammary tumours). Three were in the Ice group (one dog refused the diet, two were lost to follow-up). Six owners elected to feed their dogs with the Pebble diet after three months of feeding (n = 5; four Flame, one Ice) or six months (n = 1, Ice). One month data were available for 36 dogs (19 Flame, 17 Ice), while three month data were analysed for 32 dogs (17 Flame, 15 Ice). Six month analyses were made on 24 dogs (12 Flame, 12 Ice) and nine month analyses on 21 dogs (14 Flame, 7 Ice).
Dogs transferred to Pebble diet Owners elected to change the diet for six dogs. Data for these dogs were included in the analysis before but not after the change was performed. Dogs which transitioned to Pebble did not show a significant improvement: it should, however, be taken into account that four of these dogs were already on the same Flame diet and that, in the main study, it was shown that an improvement was present after three months. This suggests that stabilisation of the improvement could be expected, and was indeed the case for three of four dogs. One of the two dogs in the Ice diet group improved after switching to the Pebble diet.
In Abschn. 3 stellen wir MULACLAB vor, ein Matlab/Octave-Programm mit grafischer Oberfläche, mit dessen Hilfe Signale in der Zeit-Frequenz-Ebene manipuliert werden können. Als Beispiel wird MULACLAB in Abschn. 4 verwendet, um Testsignale aus Aufnahmen von Zugsvorbeifahrten in Kurven zu generieren, die für psychoakustische Untersuchungen von Kurvenquietschen verwendet werden. Zum Abschluss werden die Ergebnisse und Methoden in Abschn. 5 zusammengefasst.
For all datasets, the measured patterns are perfectly reproduced. Figure  2  shows the experimental data (blue points) and the calculated spectra I(E) (red curve) for the ice/kaolin composite sample at À1. 3 8C and 1. 25 À1 momentum transfer. The green curve in Figure  2 a  shows the elastic component. Its Gaussian line shape is given by the instrumental resolution. Figure  2 b  summarizes the contributions to the quasi-elastic signal. For each temperature, the FWHM G r of the broad (fast) Lorentzian component (yellow curve) was constrained to a common value within a q series. Using this procedure, robust parameters that exhibit a consistent temperature variation were obtained for all ice/clay composite samples. Figure  3  summarizes the translational diffusion coefficient D t of the premelting water fraction extracted from QENS measurements on the talc, kaolin, and vermiculite samples (symbols) in an Arrhenius plot.
Acknowledgements QENS experiments were carried out at the TOFTOF instrument at the  Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum  (MLZ), operated by the  Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany. The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support provided by  MLZ  to perform the neutron scattering measurements. We thank  Henning Weiss  ( MPI-P ) and  Josef Huber.
)? These questions, unfortunately, are reaching well beyond the limit of our current data. The data show, however, that there are more settlement sites than cemeteries in the study area. Therefore, the model cannot be reduced to a simple equation "1 village = 1 cemetery". Instead, each cemetery was probably used predominantly by one settlement (Mesu 'e Montes by Monte Mannu, and S'Adde 'e Asile by S'Utturinu). However, each of them also had affiliations with several settlement sites of different sizes, dispersed within the same catchment area: the tombs of S'Adde 'e Asile, for instance, are aligned to at least three different residential sites (Bainzu Olia, S'Utturinu, and Monte Mannu). Similarly, a major settlement site like Monte Mannu had affiliated tombs in more than one cemetery: Mesu 'e Montes (tombs 1-7, 9-15, 17) and S'Adde 'e Asile (Tomba delle Clessidre).
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This research was funded by the  Carnegie Trust of the Universities of Scotland  and by a Leslie Grinsell prize by the  Prehistoric Society. Edinburgh students  Tyler Nance ,  Mario Natante ,  Daniel Proven  and  Matilde Quilici  took part in the fieldwork, as did Tom DiBiase. We are very grateful to the  Soprintendenza Archeologica di Sassari , the  Comune di Ossi , and  Nicola Castangia  ( Archeofoto Sardegna ) for the help, support and collaboration. We would like to thank  Robert Leighton  and  John Robb , who have provided useful comments on an earlier draft, as well as the three anonymous reviewers who have helped us improve this article.
Materials and methods This study is based on sedimentary sequences retrieved from archeological structures and Lake Maryut. All localities have been benchmarked relative to mean sea level (tide-gauge data from Alexandria taken in 1906) using a differential GPS. Akadémia and Kôm de la Carrière are two Roman archeological sites lying on the southwestern waterfront of Lake Maryut (Fig. 1 ). At Akadémia, one sedimentary core was taken from a flooded kiln chamber (core AKA19; 30 • 59 16. 74 N 29 • 40 23. 56 E). Another core (AKA12; 30 • 59 12. 31 N 29 • 40 07. 68 E; WGS84 coordinate system) was retrieved from the sedimentary filling of a water-wheel well (Egyptian sakieh). Cores were taken in 2015 using a percussion corer Cobra TT and relevant sediment samples were extracted for wet sieving and binocular observation of the sand fraction.
7083 and 0. 70855. Radiocarbon data from units B and C show great inconsistency (Fig. 4 ). Three samples, taken from the base of unit B, display ages ranging from 900 BCE to 950 CE. A shell from the middle of unit B was dated to 760-420 BCE, while a burnt bone taken from the same level dates to late Pleistocene times (>45 700 BCE; Fig. 4 ). Lastly, the upper unit C was dated from 540 to 200 BCE. Such a discrepancy, coupled with age inversions, suggests that units B and C consist of reworked muds. Given the macrofauna and 87 Sr / 86 Sr and 14 C data, these muds were mostly reworked from lightly brackish lake bottoms deposited between the first millennium BCE and the first millennium CE.
Lake Mareotis desalinization during the first millennium BCE and Roman water-level rise Mixed sediments deposited in section M83 have nevertheless recorded, according to fauna and 87 Sr / 86 Sr, dominant Nile inputs to Maryut's water budget for a broad period spanning the first millennium BCE to the first millennium CE. This assessment is confirmed by lagoonal to freshwater ostracods found in core AMR-3 taken in a sheltered context in relation to Maryut's southeastern central basin, i. e. , the semi-closed inundated quarry located along the western Maryut margin (Fig. 2 ). These data show that Lake Mareotis was connected to the Nile. Geoarcheological data at Akadémia and Kôm de la Carrière confirm and refine hydrological conditions in Greco-Roman times. At Akadémia, the kiln and the sakieh lie 500 m from each other in a similar geomorphological context at the foothill of a Pleistocene coastal ridge covered by late Quaternary aeolian sands  (El-Asmar and Wood, 2000)  ca.
A reconstruction of Lake Mareotis history requires new approaches and perspectives  (Crépy and Boussac, 2021). Financial support. This research has been supported by the ANR (France) (grant no. ANR-12-SENV-0008-03), the Investissement d'Avenir (France) (grant no. EQUIPEX ASTER-CEREGE), and the Durham Junior Research Fellowship (grant no. 609412). Review statement. This paper was edited by Julia Meister and reviewed by two anonymous referees.
Not a single fragment of glazed pottery, either local or imported, was found in Shaqunda, the most important urban suburb of the capital of al-Andalus at that early time. On the other hand, the striking similarities in terms of colours, shapes, and some decorations with those from the Pechina workshop strongly suggest that the production of the Zumbacon workshop was contemporary with that at Pechina, in the second half of the ninth and early tenth centuries. Analyses of the workshop debris found in the industrial zone of the Córdoba glazed ware workshop agrees with the data provided by other contemporary Andalusi workshops such as Pechina (c. 875-900 CE),  and Murcia (c. 925-950 CE)  (Molera et al. , 2009; Salinas et al. , 2018). These early Andalusi glaze workshops seem to have shared the same glazing method, in which a high-lead glass was first synthesized and then applied over a biscuit-fired ceramic vessel  (Salinas et al.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We would like to thank  Isabel Larrea  and the  Gerencia de Urbanismo del Ayuntamiento de Córdoba  for providing the samples analysed from the Córdoba potters' quarter. This project received funding from the  European Union 's  Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme  under the  Marie Skłodowska-Curie scheme  (grant agreement IGATO no. 702019  to ES), an  ERC Consolidator Grant  (grant agreement no. 647315  to  Nadine Schibille ), and from  MINECO (Spain)  (grant no. MAT2016-77753-R  to Trinitat Pradell). The funding organization had no influence on the study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
Acknowledgements The work was supported by the  European Research Council  ( ERC-2015-CoG GA 648974 ), as well as by the  CNRS  ( IR-RMN FR3050 ). F. M. W. gratefully acknowledges financial support from the  Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG , grant number  WI 4721/1-1 & WI 4721/3-1 ) and from  CNRS  through  Momentum 2018 excellence grant. S. E. , I. S. , and S. K. thank the  DFG (FOR 2433 MOF Switches , Project No. 279409724 ) for financial support. The authors thank  Dr. Ladislav Benda  for fruitful discussions regarding TEDOR build-up. Open access funding enabled and organized by Projekt DEAL.
Bifurkationen geprägtes evolutionäres Schema (siehe dazu Abb. 4. 7). Jede dieser zur Gegenwart strebenden Linien repräsentiert Tausende, oftmals Millionen Zeilen Code, die allesamt in einem fein abgestimmten, seinerseits über rund 50 Jahre entwickelten Milieu von kollektiver Autorschaft entstanden sind. Wie in Abb. 4. 7 zu sehen, gehen aus einem System mannigfache neue hervor. Die Entwicklung lässt sich als Baumdiagramm darstellen, das die verschiedenen Unix-Derivate, also Abspaltungen von frei entwickelten Betriebssystemen bzw. Paketzusammenstellungen (Distributionen) aus der ursprünglichen, von Richard Stallmann seit 1983 entwickelten GNU-Distribution heraus dokumentiert. Aus Stallmanns Projekt gingen demnach zahlreiche, teils bekannte Erweiterungen und Neuansätze hervor, wie etwa das 1992 von Linus Torvalds veröffentlichte Linux, das wiederum selbst in zahlreichen unterschiedlichen Distributionen angeboten wird, von denen Debian, Slackware oder Red Hat nur die bekanntesten sind; als vergleichsweise junge Entwicklung zählt auch Android samt seiner Derivate dazu (ab 2007, in Abb.
Darf's noch etwas Kafka sein? Was also ein solcher Algorithmus auf Basis einer Markov-Ketten-Analyse oder mit einem DeepLearning-Algorithmus wie tensorflow, word2vec oder gpt-235 liefert, ist eine stilistische Anverwandlung einer bestimmten Autorschaft. Je nachdem, was ihm eingefüttert wird, ergeben sich charakteristische Formulierungshilfen: Beim Einlesen des Götz von Berlichingen gäbe es einen 34 Zur Geschichte dieses Algorithmus vgl. Philipp von Hilgers und Wladimir Velminski (Hrsg. ), Andrej A. Markov. Berechenbare Künste. Mathematik, Poesie, Moderne, Zürich: diaphanes 2007. 35 Vgl. etwa die Implementierungen von github. com/openai/gpt-2 oder in Java von github. com/deeplearning4j/deeplearning4j bzw. demnächst auch in github. com/nachsommer/ interlocutor. mittelalterlichen Alltagssound.
Beim Einlesen von Kafkas Der Process gäbe es kristallklare Prosa in parataktischem Satzbau. Und beim Einlesen des Autors von Sein und Zeit gäbe es einige nur bedingt hilfreiche, weil selbstbezügliche Formulierungsvorschläge, weil die ganze Welt plötzlich zu ‚welten' beginnt. 33Vgl. zu diesem Ansatz die erste Fassung des vorliegenden Texts, wo statt der Überlegungen zur Autokorrektur die Methode einer ‚Quellcodekritik' als Verschmelzung von Historiographie und Literate Programming entwickelt wird, github. com/nachsommer/VersionsKontrolle/tree/master/1. Fassung. 1.
Abbiamo iniziato definendo e poi classificando gli Itinerari Culturali che presentano un patrimonio religioso esplicito (approccio terminologico) e polimorfo (database) secondo una doppia voce tipologica (misto, identitario). Questa nuova classificazione completa quelle già in vigore o in costruzione  (Berti, 2015b; Gaillard, 2017) , anche se non vogliamo ridurre questo oggetto di studio a un approccio stereotipato. Infatti, diversi autori precisano che gli Itinerari Culturali possono essere studiati come fenomeni sociali complessi, cioè come un sistema vivo, eterogeneo e interrelato, basato su elementi compositi del patrimonio europeo e su una rete di attori non omogenei che percorrono sentieri, rotte o strade in Europa. Questi multi-attori attivano multicomunità che a loro volta operano una partecipazione multiforme (digitale, volontaria) e multi-connessa nell'arena sociale e mediatica grazie a dinamiche strutturate in reti (Facebook, membri) che lavorano per il riconoscimento degli Itinerari Culturali e la loro promozione nel turismo.
Bisogna ricordare che gli Itinerari Culturali sono già stati classificati da vari autori, in particolare da Eleonora Berti (2015b)  che individua tre categorie principali (itinerari territoriali; itinerari lineari; itinerari in rete), che Marie Gaillard (2017) completa con altre due categorie, cioè gli itinerari di siti e gli itinerari combinati. Queste due classificazioni proposte da Berti (2015b)  e Gaillard (2017) sono rilevanti per tutti gli itinerari culturali certificati, ma hanno alcune debolezze per quanto riguarda gli Itinerari Culturali legati al patrimonio religioso, a causa dell'eterogeneità degli elementi interrelati da una categoria all'altra. Proponiamo quindi due tipologie di classificazione in relazione al nostro corpus di analisi: in primo luogo, una categoria che chiamiamo "mista", corrispondente agli Itinerari Culturali che presentano elementi non omogenei e frammentati del patrimonio religioso (siti, monumenti, luoghi di cultura, tracce del patrimonio di ogni tipo) su tutto il territorio europeo ma che possono comunque essere collegati sotto forma di una rete strutturata, per esempio un database.
5281/zenodo. 4761423. 2 Dick Higgins first defined Intermedia as the combination of structural elements from two or more different media into one medium  (Higgins 2001 ). 3 Ox, J. and Keefer C. , On Curating Recent Digital Abstract Visual Music, http://www. centerforvisualmusic. org/Ox_Keefer_VM. htm (all websites were visited on March 2021). Most diffused Visual Music definitions often invoke the concept of synesthesia in an attempt to vaguely depict the interexchange and connection between visual and auditory experiences. Psychologists identify synesthesia as a specific condition that occurs when an individual, receiving a stimulus in one sense, simultaneously experiences a sensation in another. In history, several composers have been influenced by synesthetic perceptions: Scriabin associated colors with the various harmonic tones of his atonal scale  (Cytowic et al.
The live interaction was very limited: some consoles could add shape rotation and color modification (VectorSynthesisForum 2021). The ILDA standard plug on every laser requires two signals to activate the electrical engines (galvanometers) that deflect the laser beam with two mirrors horizontally and vertically. Three other signals define the beam color as levels of red, blue and green. With a cable hack I was able to input voltages directly from my computer soundcard into the ILDA plug to create shapes at a much higher sample rate (192KHz) than the proprietary laser software. The possibility to use curves and functions instead of pre-determined fixed point positions, allowed me to reach a completely different laser aesthetic, with much smoother shape transitions, and continuous color modulation unattainable with the rigid ILDA file system.
12 <https://openmusic-project. github. io/> 13 <https://supercollider. github. io/> 14 Come riportato da Ingrid Pustijanac in Oralità 'digitalizzata' nelle edizioni del repertorio contemporaneo, in «Convegno: Filologia musicale e tecnologie digitali a colloquio con la prassi esecutiva"», Fondazione Guido d'Arezzo, Arezzo/online 2020, nonché da una breve comunicazione personale da parte del compositore. 15 <https://cycling74. com/products/max> 16 C. Panariello, Study in three phases. An Adaptive Sound Installation, in «Leonardo Music Journal», 30, 2020, pp. 44-49. Curt Sachs 17  , ovvero quella degli strumenti elettrofoni, sembra risolvere parzialmente la questione classificatoria. In Galpin lo strumento elettrofono viene così definito: Electronic instruments or electric vibrators, i. e. instruments in which the sound-waves are formed by oscillations set up in electric valves.
1 ). Il dispositivo di controllo consiste in un convertitore dal dominio digitale a quello analogico che opera via MIDI, collegandosi alle due porte della scheda audio (in partitura è indicato come riferimento il modello RME Fireface 800). Una scheda audio dalle caratteristiche simili a quella consigliata è necessaria non solo per le porte MIDI, ma anche per il corretto funzionamento dei file audio della componente elettronica, con frequenza di campionamento e quantizzazione a 96kHz e 24bit. La componente computazionale dei dati MIDI è gestita da più software con diverse funzioni: una patch di Max/MSP (aggiornata al runtime 5) che controlla singolarmente i componenti della struttura viene impiegata per il test, l'installazione, il fine-tuning e lo svuotamento della struttura; per la performance i dati midi sono controllati dalla DAW Logic Pro 9, che gestisce allo stesso tempo il click generato con il plugin Kontakt, i cinque file audio della componente elettronica, e il riverbero a convoluzione di cinque oggetti amplificati.
], A. la pressione di eccitazione, la sua lunghezza e la sua forma. Mauro Lanza ha sviluppato questo tipo di sintesi con il software Modalys, da lui approfondito durante il cursus dell'IRCAM 26. Modalys, inizialmente con il nome Mosaic, viene sviluppato all'IRCAM fin dal 1991 27 e si rivela di grande interesse per le compositrici e i compositori del circuito ircamiano. Come Foglia riporta, Mosaic viene utilizzato da Saariaho fin dal 1992, per la generazione dei suoni di sintesi di Amers e Près, per violoncello ed elettronica 28. Nel caso di Saariaho, Mosaic era in comunicazione con PatchWork -l'antecedente di OpenMusic 29 -con una struttura costruita appositamente. Dopo un periodo di disuso all'interno dell'IRCAM, come Lanza riporta, durante la sua permanenza del 1999 all'istituto parigino, il compositore veneziano ha avuto modo di studiarlo approfonditamente, e diventando negli anni successivi il docente del software all'interno 26 M.
Lanza, note di sala del concert-atelier monografico dedicato a Mauro Lanza, IRCAM, Espace de projection, Parigi, 13/02/2004. del cursus. La compositrice Paola Livorsi, parlando del suo brano Os del 2001 per voce maschile ed elettronica 30 , mette in luce i processi compositivi delle applicazioni di Modalys in OpenMusic, sottolineando come questo fosse possibile grazie alla libreria OM Modalys 1. 0 (poi sviluppata in una seconda versione), implementata e approfondita da Mauro Lanza. A partire dal 2019 l'IRCAM ha messo a fruizione gratuita per gli iscritti al forum online il kernel di Modalys aggiornato al runtime 3. 6. 0, le librerie implementate per OpenMusic, Max/MSP e Matlab, oggi impiegate anche da Lanza 31. La libreria personale di Mauro Lanza, contrariamente a quelle distribuite dall'istituto parigino, permetteva l'esecuzione di operazioni multithreading, mentre quella distribuita oggi esegue thread singoli.
Le serrature meccaniche vengono quindi avvitate su una superficie di legno alla quale vengono fissate le borracce nella posizione di risonanza. In Video 1, Andrea Valle approfondisce alcuni aspetti costruttivi dell'ensemble elettromeccanico, entrando nel dettaglio delle tecniche compositive impiegate per Selva petrosa, in particolare per Alai Nwedi, primo brano tratto dalla Terza Selva Petrosa per chitarra elettrica e strumenti elettromeccanici. [Video 1 https://zenodo. org/record/4761448].
53 Le liste complete nel formato implementato si trovano in appendice ad ogni Regna di Systema Naturae. Il livello di formalizzazione della partitura si muove su due livelli che convergono allo stadio finale: su OpenMusic viene generato il livello notazionale degli strumenti tradizionali; su SuperCollider viene esportato un file in formato PostScript con la notazione grafica degli strumenti elettromeccanici. In ultima istanza l'intera partitura viene assemblata automaticamente da quello chiamato in Fig. 10  "Score assembler", per poi convertirne il risultato in formato PDF. La terza fase del lavoro compositivo, così come illustrato da Valle e Lanza, coincide con l'elaborazione della componente performativa, sviluppando l'intera architettura di controllo -software e hardware -necessaria per l'esecuzione dal vivo.