dataesr/scientific-paragraphs-categorization huggingface dataset:
As can be seen on the map of the compilation dataset (Fig. 4a ), these data points were collected across the three basins of the SO over ∼ 20 years. Despite this diversity in observations, a statistically significant accumulation of mesopelagic Ba xs with time is still observed SPF (Fig. 4b ) and NPF (Fig. 4c ). Mesopelagic Ba xs accumulates at a rate of 0. 86 (±0. 15) µmol m -2 d -1 SPF (R 2 = 0. 43, p value 0. 05, n = 43; Fig. 4b ) and at 0. 88 (±0. 20) µmol m -2 d -1 NPF (R 2 = 0. 41, p value < 0. 05, n = 31; Fig. 4c ), with no statistically significant difference between the two regions (Welch's t test = 0. 24; p value = 0. 80). A possible link between the integrated mesopelagic Ba xs stock and the corresponding integrated remotely sensed PP was assessed for all studies conducted after September 1997, when remotely sensed PP data became available.
To do so, we first estimated that sub-millimetre-sized aggregates would take ∼ 20 d to sink down to 1000 m (considered as the bottom of the mesopelagic zone in this study) using a sinking speed of 50 m d -1 that corresponds to an average literature value (50-100 m d   (Ferrari and Nikurashin, 2010) , it was estimated that these aggregates would have originated 346 km west from the station that was sampled for mesopelagic Ba xs ∼ 20 d prior. Using this distance, the dimensions of the sample area were set with the southernmost station (TM1) of this study, where degrees of longitude cover the smallest area. For the sake of consistency this sample area was applied to all sampling locations of the considered dataset. The integrated remotely sensed PP (see Sect. 2. 5) was then averaged spatially, starting 6 • upstream extending up to the sampled station longitudinally, and 1 • latitudinally centred around each station, in order to capture the surface PP that is assumed to translate to the mesopelagic remineralisation and measured Ba xs stock.
The monthly averaged remotely sensed PP, at the time of sampling, was compiled for the considered dataset, and we found that the PP over the growing season (Fig. 4d, e ) reaches the highest values between January and February (day 125 to 175 of the year), thereafter steadily decreasing to minimal values in July (∼ day 310 of the year, i. e. during our study). The mesopelagic Ba xs accumulation over time can not, therefore, be matched with the remotely sensed PP measured during the month of sampling. A possible relationship between mesopelagic Ba xs stock and temporally integrated remotely sensed PP was further investigated by considering longer timescales. Remotely sensed PP of the preceding bloom was temporally integrated from the preceding September prior to sampling as the start of the bloom, in general agreement with previous bloom phenology studies  (Thomalla et al.
, 1992; Jacquet et al. , 2011; Planchon et al. , 2013) , leading to a decrease in surface POC export  (Planchon et al. , 2013). Seasonal variation is reported to be more pronounced northwards within the SO with the least variation observed in the southern Antarctic circumpolar current  (Dehairs et al. , 1997; Planchon et al. , 2013). The percentage of mesopelagic POC remineralisation as calculated from estimated POC remineralisation fluxes over integrated remotely sensed PP, for the SO compilation dataset (SPF: 19 ± 15 %, n = 39; NPF: 10 ± 10 %, n = 29; mean ± SD; t statistic = 2. 75; p value < 0. 05; Table  S3 ), was ∼ 2-fold higher SPF than NPF, revealing the higher surface carbon export efficiency SPF. Our estimates of percentage of POC re-mineralised fall within the range of reported export efficiencies throughout the SO (2 %-58 %;  Jacquet et al.
, 1992; Lam and Bishop, 2007). This can explain the higher surface carbon export efficiency that we estimate SPF compared to NPF. Export efficiency has also been linked to bacterial Red open squares are data points from our winter dataset for which there were not sufficient remote sensing PP data to integrate up to 1 month prior to sampling, and available data up to 3 months prior to sampling were plotted but not included in the statistical analysis. productivity with efficient surface remineralisation limiting surface POC export when most of the water column integrated bacterial productivity is restricted to the upper mixed layer  (Dehairs et al. , 1992; Jacquet et al. , 2011) , which can be the case to varying degrees throughout the SO. In the STZ phytoplankton communities are reported to be dominated by prokaryotic picoplankton including cyanobacteria and prochlorophytes  (Mendes et al.
Conclusions Our unique early winter Ba xs data were similar in magnitude and exhibited the same relationship with σ θ and dissolved O 2 gradients as observed in summer, indicating that processes controlling this signal in summer are still driving the signal in early winter. The expected decline of the mesopelagic Ba xs signal to background values during winter was not observed in this study, supporting the hypothesis that this remineralisation proxy likely has a longer timescale than previously reported. The absolute decline might be delayed due to the cumulative behaviour of mesopelagic Ba xs , ongoing remineralisation and barite precipitation. The "true" SO background value may thus have to be measured at the very end of winter, prior to bloom initiation. Significant positive correlations north and south of the PF between mesopelagic Ba xs stock and remotely sensed PP integrated from September to 1 month before sampling (Sept -T1, Table  S4 ), in combination with significant Ba xs accumulation trends obtained for the SO compilation dataset, suggest an annual timescale.
Acknowledgements. This work was supported by the  ISblue  project , Interdisciplinary Graduate School for the Blue Planet  ( ANR-17-EURE-0015 ), and co-funded by a grant from the  French government  under the  programme "Investissements d'Avenir ". International collaboration was made possible by funding received by the  French-South African National Research Foundation (NRF) Collaboration  (PROTEA;  FSTR180418322331 ), NRF funding ( SNA170518231343  and  UID 110715 ) including funding from  South African Department of Science and Innovation ,  French Ministry of National Education, Higher Education and Research , and the  French Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Development. We would like to thank the captain and crew of the  R/V SA Agulhas II  for their invaluable efforts, as well as all the research participants who assisted our fieldwork.
Thanks to  Isabelle Ansorge ,  Marcel du Plessis  and  Esther Portela  for their assistance with water mass identification and  Catherine Jeandel  for her invaluable expert insight. Finally, we thank the three reviewers,  Frank Dehairs ,  Stéphanie Jacquet  and  James K. B. Bishop , for their insightful reviews, thereby improving the quality of our manuscript. A special thank you to  Frank Dehairs  for sharing the Indigo 3, EPOS 2 and ANTX/6 data. Financial support. This research has been supported by the  Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, South Africa  (grant no. SNA170518231343 ). Review statement. This paper was edited by  Carol Robinson  and reviewed by  Frank Dehairs ,  Stéphanie Jacquet , and  J. K. B. Bishop.
First, the GWP of each feed (starter, 6 experimental grower diets and 6 experimental finisher diets) was calculated using the feed composition and the inclusion of each ingredient multiplied by the GWP of each raw material. The following methodological choices were made: the database for GWP of macroingredients (wheat, corn, SBM, soybean oil) was GFLI (Blonk consultants, 2019; Table  3 ). From GFLI, the SBM and soybean oil values were the RER (average European import) values, being 2. 68 and 8. 18 kgCO 2 /kg, respectively. For corn and wheat, the French (FR) values were chosen. For the microingredients (salt, monocalcium phosphate [MCP]. ), GFLI does not propose GWP values, the EcoAlim database  (Wilfart et al. , 2016)  was therefore used. Regarding AA GWP values, as GWP values differ a lot between the countries of production due to the country-specific supply of sugar and energy, it was chosen to implement 2 scenarios: 1) AA are produced in Europe Union (EU) or 2) AA are produced in China (CN).
Amino acid GWP values are produced by METEX NØØ-VISTAGO following the FAO (2020) guidelines and have been validated and used in different studies  (Cappelaere et al. , 2022 , Espagnol et al. , 2022). Two particular cases were DL-Met for which AA GWP value was taken from EcoAlim database  (Wilfart et al. , 2016)  and L-Thr. As 100% of L-Thr production is coming from CN, the chosen country of production was CN in both scenario. In total, the GWP values were assigned to 99. 5% of the feed for all treatments and for both phases, with the exception being the premix and the phytase. The GWP of the broiler from 0 to 35d was calculated by multiplying the GWP of each feed by the feed intake per phase, summed up for the period 0 to 35d. SBM intake was also calculated based on the SBM content of the diets and on the ADFI at each phase.
Statistics Prior to analysis, data was checked for normality and for outliers by Gruber's test for each variable for the whole population. If the level of significance was below 5%, the data point was removed. No outlier was detected except one for carcass yield, LY, AF, blood glucose and blood UA. All data were submitted to a 2way ANOVA statistical analysis with dietary SID Lys and dietary SID Lys/CP as main effects and their interaction. In addition, a 3way ANOVA was performed for GWP with dietary SID Lys, dietary SID Lys/CP and AA sourcing strategy as main effects and their interactions. Selected variables were also tested for linear regression to check which variables were influencing N retention efficient (ADG, ADFI, FCR, and N intake) and GWPkg (ADG, ADFI, FCR and SBM intake). Each pen was considered an experimental unit and the values presented in the tables are means with pooled standard error of mean (SEM).
(2011) ,  Kebreab et al. (2016)  and reviewed by  Cappelaere et al. (2021). For example,  Mosnier et al. (2011)  evaluated that the reduction of dietary CP reduced GWP by 5. 3% compared to control, but this result was dependent on regions of production of SBM and corn. In more extreme scenarios,  Kebreab et al. (2016)  even found a decrease of GWP of broilers fed low CP diets by a factor of around 4. The novelty of the present study is that 1) the latest published GWP databases  (Wilfart et al. , 2016; GFLI, 2019)  were used to study the impacts of the nutritional interventions, 2) 2 scenarios of AA sourcing strategy were compared, and 3) basic nutritional strategies such as increased SID Lys or reduced dietary CP were tested. However, in regard to the methodology of the study, it was not possible to integrate the farm characteristics and the manure management strategy in this study like in  Mosnier et al.
The resulting complexes were solvated, and counterions added to ensure system neutrality and the desired ionic strength (0. 15 M). The structures obtained underwent the same computational procedure as the two components alone, with a production phase of 400 ns. Three different initial configurations for each system were considered. In all simulations, the corners of the oxo-G sheet were kept in place by Cartesian restraints applied to selected atoms to emulate the physical constraint of a larger oxo-G sheet. All simulations were performed with CUDA implementation  [37]  of AMBER18. Analysis was carried out using CPPTRAJ and NAB module in AMBER18 package, and in-house developed python scripts.
Acknowledgments We gratefully acknowledge the  Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) , the  International Center for Frontier Research in Chemistry (icFRC) , the  University of Trieste , and the financial support from the  Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR)  through the  LabEx  project  Chemistry of Complex Systems  ( ANR-10-LABX-0026_CSC ) within the  Investissement d'Avenir program  ( ANR-10-120 IDEX-0002-02 ). The authors wish to thank  Cathy Royer  at the " Plateforme Imagerie In Vitro de l'ITI Neurostra ",  CNRS UAR 3156, University of Strasbourg (France)  for her help in SEM experiments. This research was also funded by the  Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation , project number  392444269 ).
Objective: Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a particular type of interpersonal violence, in which violence is performed between individuals involved in an intimate relationship. Johnson developed a typology in which he differentiates common couple violence (CCV) from intimate terrorism (IT). We led a descriptive review of the cases of men treated at the victimology unit of the forensic department of Nancy for IPVrelated abuse. Method: We retrospectively investigated our database to extract every file of male patient treated at the victimology unit of the forensic department of Nancy (France) from 2014 to 2019 for IPV-related abuse. We studied several parameters relating to the protagonists and their relationship, the violence endured, and the statements made during the forensic consultation.
Material and methods We retrospectively investigated the database storing the file of every patient treated at the victimology unit of the forensic department of Nancy (France) from 2014 to 2019; this period corresponds to the period from the commissioning of the software managing its activity (MIGALE) to the present day. Such files hold information provided by secretaries, nurses, and forensic doctors-in particular, the medical certificate written at the end of the consultation. As we focused on male patients who consulted for IPV-related abuse, we recovered the files encoded in MIGALE with the items "male" and "intimate partner violence. " Expecting the possibility of the same patient being treated multiple times, we distinguished between "constitutional" data that represent the characteristics of the protagonists and their relationship and "case-related" data that describe the context of the case.
Statistical analysis According to their nature and distribution, data were expressed as frequencies (%) or as medians  [IQR]. Normality was analyzed with the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. Characteristics of the patients and characteristics of the aggressor were presented individually (215 subjects), whilst the circumstances and proceedings of the aggression and information regarding the forensic consultation were presented by the consultations (226 consultations). The Chi-squared test was used to analyze the possible association between the variables.
A story of substance abuse by the partner was reported in slightly more than 10% of our cases, mostly in a chronical fashion. Specifically, the alcohol abuse rate in our dataset is close to Carmo's (9. 8% vs. 9. 3%), while our drug abuse rate is a bit higher (2. 8% vs. 0. 8%). Aggressions typically occurred at home in the evening; this pattern aligns with those of Thureau, Ebouat, Wörmann, and others  [19]. As such, additional attention should be taken when special circumstances like quarantine induce higher risks of seclusion with the abuser  [20]. The predominant injurious mechanism was blunt trauma by means of natural weapons, as recorded by Savall, Thureau, Carmo, and Wörmann. Other mechanisms, such as biting, grabbing-especially at the level of the neck (i. e. , strangling)-and shoving, were also regularly mentioned in these works.
For example, the temperatures fluctuations from 5 C to 25 C and from 13 C to 17 C represent the same mean temperature of 15 C, but their effects on mortality are very likely to be different. Assessing heat-mortality association without considering the modification of TV may fail to recognize the most severe weather in relation to heat and to implement an effective early warning system. In this study, using data from the Multi-Country Multi-City (MCC) Collaborative Research Network, we systematically evaluated the contribution of TV to the heat-mortality association in 717 locations across 36 countries over the period 1972-2018. Through this study, we aimed to provide a more complete picture of the TV-differentiated heat-related mortality burden and to provide scientific evidence that could improve the sensitivity of current heat-health warning systems in hot temperatures with dramatic temperature fluctuations.
MATERIALS AND METHODS Data collection The MCC Collaborative Research Network database (http://mccstudy. lshtm. ac. uk/) was used. Daily death counts and meteorological data, including mean temperature, maximum temperature (T max ), minimum temperature (T min ), and relative humidity were extracted. The International Classification of Diseases, 9th and 10th revisions (ICD-9 and ICD-10) codes were used to identify the causes of death. We extracted the data series on non-external causes of death (ICD-9: 0-799; ICD-10: A00-R99), or, if not available, all-cause mortality. Our analyses were restricted to locations with complete weather data in the warm season (the warmest 4 consecutive months) for at least 2 consecutive years. Detailed information on data cleaning is described in Text S1. Finally, 717 locations across 36 countries were included.
Finally, although the overall missing rates for mortality and temperature data were generally small (Table  S1 ), we also performed sensitivity analyses by restricting our analyses to locations with complete data and by using complete data after imputation. Missing values in time-series data were imputed by the spline interpolation method. R software (version 3. 6. 2) with packages "dlnm" (for the construction of the cross-basis functions), "mvmeta" (for meta-regression), and "imputeTS" (for spline interpolation of the time-series data) was used to perform all of the analyses. A two-sided p < 0. 05 was set as statistically significant. The code is available at the personal website of the first author (Github: https://github. com/yaowu-ops/Modification-effect-of-TV-on-heat-mortalityassociation.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This study was supported by the  Australian Research Council  ( DP210102076 ) and the  Australian National Health and Medical Research Council  ( APP2000581 ). Y. W and B. W. were supported by the  China Scholarship Council  (nos. 202006010044  and  202006010043 ); S. L. was supported by an  Emerging Leader Fellowship  of the  Australian National Health and Medical Research Council  (no. APP2009866 ); Y. G. was supported by  Career Development Fellowship  (no. APP1163693 ) and  Leader Fellowship  (no. APP2008813 ) of the  Australian National Health and Medical Research Council ; J. K. and A. U. were supported by the  Czech Science Foundation  (project no. 20-28560S ); N. S. was supported by the  National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences-funded HERCULES Center  (no.
More visible fringes appear at the region of better overlap in space-time. The space-time interference is shown for the case when the two beamlets are perfectly compressed (no global GDD). However, the time-integrated fringe pattern will not change in the case of global GDD being applied on both beamlets. For each beamlet pair, a set of measurements with varying delays is taken and the process is repeated for different test beamlets. An example of this data analysis sequence is shown in figure  1(b). First, interference signals are processed to remove the background and crop the image to keep the main lobe; then, a standard spatial fast Fourier transform (FFT) is applied, yielding a signal with a DC term and two sidebands. The highest overall contrast of the fringe pattern corresponds to the highest value of the sideband.
Experimental results and discussion In the experiment, we measured the STC of one of our laser beams (B1) in two cases. The first is with the STC that results from our laser chain and the second is with the addition of a specially designed doublet lens to correct laser chain accumulated PFC  [33, 34]. The doublet, which is placed in the middle of the final beam expander, allows for the tuning of PFC by adjusting its position in the diverging beam that is in the expander  [35]. For more details about the doublet we use, please see appendix 'Laser chain STC simulation'. For each case (uncorrected and doublet corrected), we scanned 36 pairs of beamlets with 50 delay steps at a 1 Hz rate. Beamlet switching took no more than 10 s; therefore, the total scan time was around 36 min. The total data processing using a desktop computer with a dual Intel Xeon processor @ 2.
Delay mirror The segmented delay mirror assembly is depicted in figure  A3. The assembly is based on a common 4 ′′ mount (Thorlabs KS4) which holds the main 4 ′′ diameter 15 mm thick plane mirror. The mirror has a central hole with a diameter of 18 mm. The hole, with the help of an o-ring, serves as an attachment for the piezo stack. This assures that the axis of tilt is as close as possible to the surface of the large mirror figure  A3(c ). The homemade holder for the piezo actuator allowed for independent control of the central segment mirror with respect to the large mirror. For the central mirror, we used a 1/2 ′′ diameter mirror (Thorlabs PF05-03-P01). We used a piezo stack (PI-P-840) which has nanometric precision over a 90 µm range. The piezo stack has a position sensor and is operated in a closedloop.
Laser chain STC simulation We simulated the STCs of the laser chain at WIS and the correction of PFT by a special doublet using the Zemax OpticStudio ray-tracing software. We considered only three refractive telescopes, even though the WIS laser consists of more beam expansion stages. This choice was motivated by the fact that the PFC induced by the beam expander (assuming the same material for both lenses) depends on the beam size and focusing properties of the lenses  [38]. Since all our telescopes have similar focusing properties, the PFC is proportional to the beam size. Therefore, the earlier stages, in which the beam radius is small, play a negligible effect in the STC and are thus ignored. In the last beam expander, the beam size is largest and, therefore, most of the STC is accumulated there.
Funding This work was supported by The  Schwartz/Reisman Center for Intense Laser Physics , by a research grant from the  Benoziyo Endowment Fund for the Advancement of Science , by the  Israel Science Foundation, Minerva, Wolfson Foundation , the  Schilling Foundation ,  R Lapon ,  Dita  and  Yehuda Bronicki , and by the  Helmholtz  association.
In this limit one can set, for a given ∆ value, an unavoidable model-dependent lower bound on the dark sector masses. The reinterpretation of experimental LHC studies in the highly compressed region can nonetheless be tricky, and requires a careful validation. For this reason, we only consider the multi-jet ATLAS  [50]  study for values of ∆ 30 GeV. All the analyses under consideration rely on the full LHC run 2 dataset of 139 fb -1 , except for  [47]  and  [45]  which only use 35. 9 fb -1 of data. The details of the reinterpretation of each of these studies are left for Appendix C, and we present the resulting  constraints in the (M χ 1 , ∆) plane in figure  6  for the benchmark points BS1 (left panel) and BS2 (right panel). Our results are obtained by generating hard scattering events as in section 2.
LHC sensitivity to our model via leptoquark single production and decay Before embarking with the study of the BS1 and BS2 phenomenology of leptoquark pair production and decay in a mixed visible/dark decay channel in the next section, we analyse the bounds that could stem from single leptoquark production in association with a lepton. Due to the large PDF suppression associated with an initial b-quark, this is only considered in the BS2 case (that involves initial states containing a charm quark). As for the cτ cτ search channel, the lack of a dedicated cτ τ search forces us to rescale the results of existing bτ τ searches. In this case, we rely on a CMS analysis of 36 fb -1 of LHC data  [61] , as the corresponding full run-2 search  [21]  does not focus on the bτ τ final state, but instead on the tτ νb and tτ ν ones.