dataesr/scientific-paragraphs-categorization huggingface dataset:
Salt and condiment intake in Cambodia There has been limited investigation of salt and sodium intakes in Cambodia, with no disaggregated data specifically for lactating women previously available. Similarities between the estimated intake findings for these two methods also reveal that most sodium intake was captured in the observedweighed intake records, and thus the main source of sodium in the participants' diets was from discretionary salt and condiment use. This is in line with previous research in the region  33  and different than consumption in North America, where up to 70% of dietary sodium intake comes from commercially processed foods. 34.
Strengths, limitations, and future directions This study had several strengths: it was the first study to assess salt intake and model salt as a fortification vehicle for thiamine among lactating women in Cambodia, and it employed multiple methods of salt and sodium assessment. Some limitations for this study include a relatively small sample size for the Maternal Salt and Sodium Study. While the sample size (n = 104) was sufficient to adjust for intraindividual variance, it was not large enough to explore additional intake trends such as changes by agricultural season. Another limitation was the use of the ASEAN Food Composition Database to estimate the sodium content of fish sauce, soy sauce, and prahok. This is standard practice for estimating the nutrient content of foods; however, the salt content in fish sauce and soy sauce is known to be variable in Cambodia.
22dium content of soy sauce, fish sauce, and prahok was calculated using the ASEAN Food Composition Database. 22Sodium content of table salt and MSG was computed based on chemical composition. b Observation is defined here as one 12-h period (sunrise to sunset) of observed weighed salt and condiment intakes; missing n = 16 observations due to incomplete records (n = 10) and declined participation for 1 day of observation (n = 6). c n differs due to changes in questionnaire (addition of MSG and prahok) to reflect field observations.
Acknowledgments We thank the following individuals from  Helen Keller International ,  Cambodia: Gwyneth Cotes ,  Leng Sotheth ,  Um Sarith ,  Bon Voeurth ,  Lay Dara ,  Chun Sokhan ,  Non Channak ,  Chhen Sokkhov ,  Prak Sotharoth ,  Choeung Dalin , and  Sreang Sambo  for help with recruitment, field coordination, and data collection. We thank  Mr. Chanthan Am  at the  National Institute of Public Health Laboratory (Phnom Penh, Cambodia ) for urine analyses. We thank the members of the study's  Scientific Advisory Board  for valuable input on the study protocol (alphabetical order):  Drs. Megan Bourassa ,  Levente Diosady ,  Lisa Houghton ,  Arnaud Laillou , and  Annie Wesley. K. C. and J. G. gratefully acknowledge funding support through the  Research Nova Scotia "Scotia Scholars Awards " and the  Canadian Institutes of Health Research Masters Graduate Scholarships.
The secondary antibody was Alexa Fluor 555 goat anti-rabbit IgG (H+L) (Life Technologies). The nuclei were counterstained with DAPI (Sigma-Aldrich). Fluorescence analysis was performed with Olympus IX81 and Fluoview FV1000 software (Olympus). For quantitative analyses, at least four to five representative highpower fields (HPF, 40X) per section were evaluated in a blinded manner.
SuperMApo also targets human fibroblasts isolated from colons of IBD patients. Thus, SuperMApo emerges as a potential "bio-mimetic" drug belonging to resolution pharmacology, able to terminate ongoing IBD and achieve mucosal healing. OM-R and CC are supported by a doctoral fellowship from the Ministère de l'Enseignement Supeŕieur, de la Recherche et de l'Innovation, TG by a doctoral fellowship from the Etablissement Francais du Sang and from the Labex LipSTIC.
FUNDING The work was funded by the  Etablissement Francais du Sang  ( 2016-02  to S. P. ), the  Conseil Reǵional de Franche-Comte ( " Soutien au LabEX LipSTIC "  2018/2019  to PS,  AAP 2013-2017  to SP and SONY SH800Z cell sorter), and by the  Agence Nationale de la Recherche  ( ANR-11-LABX-0021  to  Labex LipSTIC) , as well as by the  MiMedI  project funded by  BPI France  (grant No. DOS0060162/00 ), and the  European Union  through the  European Regional Development Fund of the Reǵion Bourgogne-Franche-Comté (grant No. FC0013440 ).
Data collection Data collection at baseline included patient demographics, medical history, care setting, type of AF (also collected during follow-up), and antithrombotic treatment (vitamin K antagonists, non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants, and antiplatelet treatment). Data on components of the CHA 2 DS 2 -VASc and HAS-BLED risk stratification schemes were used to assess the risks of stroke and bleeding, retrospectively. HAS-BLED scores were calculated excluding fluctuations in the international normalized ratio. In addition, the risks of death, stroke/SE and major bleeding were assessed at baseline with the recently described GARFIELD-AF risk calculator  [26]. Patients were contacted at 4-monthly intervals via telephone or postal mail. Data were collected using an electronic case report form and were examined for completeness and accuracy by the coordinating centre (Thrombosis Research Institute, London, UK).
In accordance with the study protocol, 20% of all data submitted electronically were monitored against source documentation  [27]. Initiated antithrombotic treatments were categorized as VKA, NOACs [Factor Xa inhibitors (FXaI) and Direct Thrombin inhibitors (DTI)], and AP, alone or in combination. The incidences of stroke/systemic embolism, major bleeding, all-cause death, cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular death, acute coronary syndromes, and congestive heart failure were recorded over two years. Only the first occurrence of an event was considered. Data used in this analysis were extracted from the GARFIELD-AF registry in November 2018. Clinical events were defined using standardized definitions, which have been reported previously  [22, 23]. Vascular disease included peripheral artery disease and/or coronary artery disease.
Statistical analyses Categorical variables were expressed as percentages and frequency, and continuous variables as mean-± standard deviation (SD). Clinical outcomes were presented as person-time event rates (per 100 personyears) with 95% confidence intervals. Differences in baseline characteristics were performed using chisquare tests for categorical variables and Wilcoxon sign-rank tests for continuous variables. Statistical analyses were performed using SAS V R software version 9. 4 (SAS Institute Inc. , Cary, NC, USA. ).
Event rate Figure  3  shows the clinical event rates per 100 person-years to 2 years of follow-up (95% confidence intervals), stratified according to the populations studied. In this section, we also included data from the Non-European countries in the GARFIELD-AF database for comparison. The incidence of non-haemorrhagic stroke/systemic embolism (SE) was lower [0. 98 (0. 73-1. 32) vs 1. 02 (0. 93-1. 11), p value. 819] and major bleeding was significantly higher [1. 66 (1. 32-2. 09) vs 1. 01 (0. 93-1. 10), p value <. 001] in the Nordic patient population compared to the Non-Nordic-European patient population (Table  4 ). New or worsening CHF was significantly higher in the Nordic patients   Within the Nordic countries, the rates of all-cause mortality were relatively high in Denmark [6. 37 (4.
Limitations The GARFIELD-AF is an observational study and the data collection is non-randomized. As with all registry data, this must be taken into careful consideration when interpreting these data. Countries varied in care settings where patients were enrolled, which may have influenced patient characteristics, disease severity, as well as treatment decisions. Further, the registry was limited to patients with newly diagnosed AF. Results can therefore not a priori be extrapolated to a general cohort of chronic AF.
The SIMON (SIndrome Metabolica, Osteoporosi e Nefrolitiasi in Italian; metabolic syndrome, osteoporosis and nephrolithiasis) study is an epidemiological survey based on administrative data performed in Naples, Southern Italy, to estimate the relationship occurring between all these frequent and multifactorial disorders  [11, 12]. Thanks to the SIMON study protocol, we have recently demonstrated a significant association between Op and MetS in free-living Caucasian women referred to DXA for suspected Op  [11]. Considering that all the aging-related diseases, including Op and MetS, show an evident sexual dimorphism in their clinical expressiveness  [13] , we used the SIMON database to perform a cross-sectional study finalised to evaluate if MetS and its constitutive elements are associated to an increased Op risk also in free-living Caucasian men with suspected Op who underwent DXA examination.
Methods The SIMON study protocol has been extensively previously described  [11, 12]. Briefly, the SIMON database is constituted by the medical records of 180,724 patients referring to the general practitioners (GPs) registered to the "COMEGEN" Medical Cooperative on June 1, 2018. For this cross-sectional study, the COMEGEN GPs selected Caucasian men who performed contemporarily the BMD assessment by DXA [International Classification of Diseases-9th revision (ICD9) code 8898] and the evaluation of the presence of MetS constitutive elements, according to the American Heart Association (AHA) /National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) Scientific Statement  [14]. The COMEGEN GPs examined the time interval comprised between June 1, 2008 and May 31, 2018. On their first admission to their GPs, all patients accepted that (i) their personal data could be used for public health research purposes; (ii) they could withdraw their consent to the use of personal data without any explanation at any time and without effects on the medical assistance.
Statistical analysis All statistical analyses were performed using the IBM SPSS Statistics software, version 23 (International Business Machines Corporation, Armonk, New York) by L. D. E. , who did not participate to the data extraction from "COMEGEN" Medical Cooperative database. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) or Chi-squared test was used to assess differences in the main characteristics of men who had or had not Op and/or MetS. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the influence of MetS on the risk of Op, adjusting for the main potential confounders (Model 1: age and drugs reported in Table  2 ; Model 2: age, drugs reported in Table  2 , and numbers of MetS constitutive elements; Model 3: age, drugs reported in Table  2 , and the individual MetS constitutive elements). The results are reported as mean and standard deviation (SD) as percentages or as odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI), unless otherwise indicated.
Strength and limits The SIMON study is based on an administrative database, a study methodology showing well-defined strengths and limits  [40]. Certainly, the Op diagnosis based upon administrative health database has an acceptable level of sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy, especially when the assumption of anti-osteoporotic drugs was used as additional information in the query formulation, as in our study  [41]. Also, MetS diagnostic criteria used in SIMON protocol are suitable for epidemiological studies  [2]  and have been previously used in studies with similar characteristics  [11, 42, 43]. In this regard, it should be noted that in 2009, some important health organizations, including AHA and NHLBI, met to draft a Joint Scientific Statement (JSS) with the intention of harmonizing the MetS diagnosis worldwide  [44].
Not surprisingly, a large part of the JSS is devoted to discussing the diagnosis of abdominal obesity. As admitted in the JSS, the definition of the cut-off points for abdominal obesity is complicated by several factors, including ethnic origin. For Caucasian subjects, a waist circumference ≥ 102 cm in men correspond to a BMI ≥ 30 kg/m 2  [45]. Finally, we enrolled a large and homogeneous population. On the other hand, the limits related to use of administrative data should be declared. We are unable (a) to evaluate if the anatomical site of DXA exam furnishing pathological BMD finding (i. e. lumbar, femoral or ulnar site) influences the study results, (b) to estimate the role of metabolic and dietary risk factors for both Op and MetS in the observed results, and (c) to improve the quality of available data evaluating the trabecular bone score and the occurrence of vertebral fractures using vertebral morphometry.
Control of the patient's infectious status was performed 16 months later. Serology using the same antigen remained positive with a titer reduced to 1:128. PCR was negative. The sequence of 1643 bp from the Arkansas case  [35]  obtained in this study (named Babesia sp. AR1) was 100% identical to the first Babesia sp. MO1 case from Missouri (Gen-Bank AY048113)  [3] , to the Kentucky case (GenBank AY887131)  [34]  and to the cottontail rabbit isolates  [38]. They differ from B. divergens by three mutations at positions 631, 819 and 1637 (99. 8% identity), and from B. capreoli by two mutations at positions 663 and 819 (99. 9% identity) (Table  1 ).
AR1 and Babesia sp. FR1 than to B. divergens. It was not possible to determine if one of the two copies of B. capreoli rap-1a was more related to the unique rap-1a gene sequence of other members of the phylogenetic group, as sequence identity values were highly similar. Table  3. Contingency table for 18S rRNA, rap-1a (partial cds) and ama-1 genes. For the 18S rRNA sequences, the number of nucleotide differences between 18S rRNA gene sequences are indicated in red, instead of the identity percentages. For ama-1 and rap-1a genes, percentage of identities are indicated in green and blue, respectively. Sequence identities with each rap-1a copy (rap-1a1 and rap-1a2) are indicated. The identities are calculated excluding the deletions and duplication indicated in Figure  2. Accession numbers of sequences used to perform the analysis are indicated in supplementary Table  S1.
Comparison of 18S rDNA Sequences within the B. divergens Taxonomic Group Babesia sp. AR1 18S rRNA sequences (560 bp) from the previously mentioned isolates were kindly provided by Mayo Medical Laboratory, Rochester, USA. Published B. capreoli as well as B. divergens 18S rRNA sequences were used as a comparison  [33]. Their origin and accession numbers are described in Supplementary Table  S1. The partial 18S rRNA sequence of Babesia sp. FR1 was obtained using the same primers [33] (Table  4 ). With the aim of obtaining sequences of comparable sizes, the 18S rRNA partial sequence of Babesia sp. AR1 was also amplified with these primers and sequenced. The alignment was done using the ClustalW program as implemented in the Geneious R6 software (https://www. geneious. com accessed on 1 October 2021).
Comparison of Ama-1 and Rap-1a DNA Sequences for B. divergens-Like Phylogenetic Group Members The resulting ama-1 and rap-1a DNA sequences of B. capreoli, Babesia sp. AR1 and Babesia sp. FR1 were aligned along with the published ama-1 and rap-1a DNA sequences of B. divergens isolates using the ClustalW program as implemented in the Geneious R6 software.
Phylogenetic Analysis Phylogenetic relationships within the Babesia divergens-like group were inferred using published sequences available in GenBank (Supplementary Table  S1 ) and sequence data produced in the present study (18S rRNA, ama-1 and rap-1a sequences). Sequences were aligned using Muscle as implemented in MEGA version X  [65]. Phylogenetic analyses used a trimmed alignment of 1189 bp with complete deletion option for the 18S rRNA gene,.
Data collection COVID-19 epidemiological data were collected from the open data portal of the French National Health Agency (Santé Publique France 2020). Precisely, 2 datasets were used: SI-DEP, which stores prevalence (https://www. data. gouv. fr/fr/datasets/ taux-dincidence-de-lepidemie-de-covid-19/), and global hospitalisation and death dataset (https://www. data. gouv. fr/fr/datasets/donnees-relatives-a-lepidemie-de-covid-19-en-france-vue-densemble/#_). COVID-19 incidence rate considered in this study was 7-days moving sum to compensate for delay in data collection. This weekly indicator was directly retrieved from the dataset. The rainfall data were obtained from The Weather Company. Operational data, such as organic loads and flow rate, were obtained directly from the ten WWTPs.
2021). One of the most complete studies to date evaluating the impact of concentration method on viral recovery was performed on murine hepatitis virus as enveloped virus surrogate  (Ahmed et al. 2020b ) and reported an average recovery efficiency of 65. 7% +23. 8%. It is unclear if and how these results can be compared with heat-inactivated SARS-CoV-2 spiking. Recently, Pérez-Cataluña et al. (2021) reported high recovery yield on gamma-inactivated SARS-CoV-2, with up to 52. 8+18. 2% for PEG-precipitation and automatic magnetic-beads RNA extraction. These data were obtained with an inactivated SARS-CoV2 virus (as in the present study) but with different concentrations and RNA extraction methods. On our side, the RNA extraction method using magnetic beads was also recently tested on our samples concentrated by ultrafiltration.
N1 and N2 targets response Amongst the 138 analysed samples, 123 (89%) were positive with the N1 probe while 114 (83%) were detected with the N2 probe. More precisely, amongst the 24 N2-negative samples, 14 (. 50%) were also negative with the N1 probe, indicating undoubtedly-negative samples. One N1 negative sample (,1% over the whole dataset) was positive with the N2 probe, whereas 11 N2 negative samples (8%) were detected with the N1 probe. In the context of wastewater networks, it is important to remind that SARS-CoV-2 is likely altered by the biotic and abiotic factors prevailing in such a complex ecosystem, as suggested by La  Rosa et al. (2020). This said, it is assumed that viruses can be partially degraded and so produce different concentrations regarding the tested biomarker, especially when the virus amount is low.
WBE as a co-indicator of COVID-19 spread Over the course of the 20-weeks study, 10 WWTPs were monitored for SARS-CoV-2 RNA in the influent. These WWTPs were all located in a different French administrative area (Département), and presented different plant characteristics. WWTP 1 and 2 were located in touristic areas, whereas the 8 others were related to metropolitan areas. As it can be seen in Table  1 , monitored WWTPs represented a relatively wide range of PE nominal treatment capacities, from 50,000 to 555,000 PE. This study focused on large WWTPs as our aim was to compare wastewater-based SARS-CoV-2 RNA data to prevalence data, these last being collected and available at the level of 'Département' (a French geographical unit representing about 0. 7-2. 6 million people for the 'Département' of this study).
It is important to recall that COVID-19 incidence rates were reported daily as 7-day sums to take into account data reporting delays. In this situation, it is unclear whether it is possible or not to compare time series on a daily basis. In addition, sampling frequency being twice a month from late July to the beginning of November, time shifts were not considered in this study. Interestingly for WWTPs 3, 6, 8 and 9 WW SARS-CoV-2 RNA quantification appeared highly affected by high rainfall events. It was particularly remarkable for WWTP 8 results on August 11 and October 5, when rain not only diluted the signal but in this case turned it off. Obviously, it doesn't mean that the virus suddenly stopped circulating in the population and the main message from this observation is that a decrease in concentration or absence of detection has to be considered with caution when rain events are concomitant.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We would like to acknowledge  Estelle Gonidec ,  Camille Negre ,  Florian Gauthier-Fournier  and  Matthieu Cormenier  for technical support. Sophie Vaudran  is also gratefully acknowledged for crucial help with logistics. The authors further acknowledge the effort made by  Christelle Pagotto  and  Sandra Fuentes  from  Veolia Eau France Technical Direction  for assisting sample collection and  Veolia Eau France  operators for sampling. Oliver Keserue kindly accepted to review the English writing.
Background & rationale Pembrolizumab is a high affinity, highly selective, humanized immunoglobulin G4 kappa (IgG4κ) monoclonal antibody that binds to PD-1, thus inhibiting its interaction with PD-L1 and PD-L2  [24, 25]. Pembrolizumab has demonstrated robust antitumor activity and a favorable safety profile in patients with multiple solid tumor types and is currently approved in more than 80 countries for the treatment of one or more advanced malignancies. Findings from the Phase Ib KEYNOTE-028 (ClinicalTrials. gov: NCT02054806)  [26] , the Phase II KEYNOTE-180 (NCT02559687)  [27]  and the Phase III KEYNOTE-181 (NCT02564263) [28] trials have demonstrated the antitumor activity and safety of pembrolizumab in patients with esophageal carcinoma. The ongoing Phase III KEYNOTE-590 (NCT03189719) trial is evaluating first-line pembrolizumab in patients with esophageal cancer  [29]  and met its primary end point with pembrolizumab plus chemotherapy compared with chemotherapy for OS and PFS  [30].
Event rates over time will be estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Analyses using the Miettinen and Nurminen method will be performed when 95% CIs are provided for between-treatment differences in the percentage of patients with events. Two interim analyses are planned to assess EFS and OS in patients with ESCC and in those whose tumors express PD-L1 with a CPS ≥10. An external data monitoring committee will review the interim analyses results and periodically review efficacy and safety results to determine whether the study will continue per prespecified criteria.
Brichos domains appear to bear a chaperone function in different biological situations and particularly bind amyloid brils (26). Recently ITM2A expression was shown to negatively regulate autophagic ux by inhibiting lysosomal function through physical interaction with vacuolar Adenosyl Tri Phosphatase  (27). Expression in mouse and human brain has been reported to be homogenous in all brain (Protein Atlas ITM2A) and quite speci c of endothelial cells vs neurons, microglia, oligodendrocytes or astrocytes as shown in brain RNA seq database (Fig. 1 ). In fact, it is referred to as an endothelial cell-speci c gene(28). An analysis of ve human and murine cell type-speci c transcriptome-wide RNA expression data sets that were generated within the past several years also identi ed ITM2A as one of the top expressed genes in endothelial cells  (29).
Cells and cloning HEK293/CVCL_0045 cells were obtained from Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen (DSMZ). For thawing: cells are thawed rapidly in water bath at 37°C, centrifuge at 900 g for 4mn, pellet is re-suspended in culture medium. Cells are cultured in the following medium: Dulbecco's Modi ed Eagle Medium Gibco 21969 (glutamine-free: selection pressure for HA tag or Blasticidin 15µg/mL: selection pressure for GFP tag); 10% Foetal Calf Serum Eurobio CVFSVF06 heat inactivated Australian; Penicillin / Streptomycin Gibco 15140 100 U / mL nal. At con uence, the cells are rinsed with Phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) (-Ca2+, -Mg2+), detached by enzymatic treatment (Accutase Sigma A6964 or trypsin) at 37°C for 3mn, centrifuge at 900g for 4mn. The pellet is re-suspended in culture medium and diluted to 1/10 in fresh medium for seeding in new asks.