dataesr/scientific-paragraphs-categorization huggingface dataset:
DISCUSSION The aims of this study were to analyze the impact of headache on passively collected tracker-based activity variables, to explore their associations with QoL in individuals suffering from frequent episodic primary headache, and to understand headache-related treatment preferences and decisions. The data analysis captured headache burden across multiple dimensions, including occurrence, pain intensity, treatment choices, and perceived impact on daily life and self-rated health. Our analysis showed that a number of tracker-based activity features were consistently associated with headache burden. Overall, compared with days without headache, days with headache were associated with reduced daily step count, decreased proportion of the day spent active, and increased daytime napping.
This study adds support and expands the existing knowledge of the links between physical activity and both migraine and TTH. The recent widespread use of consumer physical activity trackers offers unprecedented opportunities to gather vital real-world data, with many studies already under way (one review stated that 127 studies were registered on ClinicalTrials. gov as of 11 November 2006)  [16]. Fitbits have been deemed useful for measuring general activity levels in real-world settings, having demonstrated acceptable reliability and high sensitivity; a study comparing ten different activity trackers found that Fitbit outperforms many comparators in terms of tracking step counts  [17, 18]. To our knowledge, this study is one of the first to analyze Fitbit data in association with headache.
The particular strengths of this study stem from its practical design, the use of passive data collection from activity trackers, the inclusion of headache sufferers from the wider community, i. e. , those who do not usually seek treatment in primary care, and analysis of daily diaries of participant-reported outcomes. The prospectively collected data from this study provide a more detailed picture of the everyday life of individuals with headache and allows researchers to generate additional hypotheses on the timing and context of headache episodes.
S. national average of 5000/day  [20]. Taken together, the associations between activity and headache observed in this study may not generalize to more racially diverse and less active individuals. Furthermore, since the analysis focused on the subset of headache sufferers who were able to complete the majority of their daily surveys and regularly wear their Fitbit, data may be lacking for participants who experienced very severe headaches and were subsequently less compliant to study protocols. As a result, associations may not fully represent the experience of individuals with frequent headaches who do not regularly use tracking devices. Lastly, although this study focused on medication usage patterns in headache sufferers, further analysis would be needed to explore associations between medication use and behavioral features.
CONCLUSION Taken together, the findings provide preliminary evidence that activity trackers are useful tools for quantifying headache burden among individuals with frequent headaches in realworld settings. The data obtained in this study can be used to help develop new metrics that can be used in future research, and to increase understanding of the diversity in self-treatment patterns outside primary care. consent form, recruitment materials, and all participant materials were by the Western Institutional Review Board (Puyallup, WA, USA; WIRB protocol #20190326). Data Availability. The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are not publicly available as participant consent limits access to the study sponsor and Evidation Health. Open Access. This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non-Commercial 4.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The authors are grateful to the study participants for their contribution to the study. The authors would like to thank  Valerie Bulidon  and  Dorothea Greifenberg  of  Sanofi Consumer Healthcare  for project management of scientific communications. Funding. This study was sponsored by  Sanofi. The Rapid Service Fee was funded by  Sanofi. Medical Writing and Editorial Assistance. Medical writing and editorial support was provided by  Nichola Cruickshanks of inScience Communications, Springer Healthcare Ltd, UK , and was funded by  Sanofi. Authorship. All named authors meet the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) criteria for authorship for this article, take responsibility for the integrity of the work as a whole, and have given their approval for this version to be published.
Thus, in this study, an extensive dataset of PM over a 9-year period (n = 434), obtained from a French national background site, was investigated to (1) provide insights on the long-term trends of PM sources and other emerging health-based metrics of PM exposure, such as OP of PM, and (2) quantify the temporal evolution of the contributions of these sources, particularly focusing on vehicular emissions that have already been shown to decrease in urban environments in Europe during the last decades.
Season-trend (STL) deconvolution method The STL (season-trend deconvolution using locally estimated scatterplot smoothing) model is a versatile and robust statistical method allowing for the decomposition of a timeseries dataset into three components including trend, seasonality, and residual. The trend provides a general direction of the overall data; the seasonality is a repeating pattern that recurs over a fixed period of time; finally, the residual is the random fluctuation or unpredictable change in the dataset. The seasonal component allows us to eliminate seasonal variation from the time series, resulting in a smoothed trend line that shows the tendency of the time-series dataset. This method somehow takes into account the changes in seasonal cycles from year to year, which could also delineate part of the effect of meteorology on the long-term trend of PM 10.
, 2020) , but also across Eu-  rope  (Wappelhorst and Muncrief, 2019). The data obtained at the OPE site present an interesting opportunity as they cover 9 years of sampling in a rural area, making it possible to investigate emission trends over a long period of time in a site representing a background atmosphere. Using the model described in Sect. 2. 6 (Eq. 2), the STL deconvolution of the PMF-resolved sources at the OPE site was also investigated. It is extremely significant that the contributions from the traffic factor at the OPE site also decreased substantially, as presented in Fig. 6. A very large reduction of 58 % from the year 2012 to 2020 based on average mass contribution and an overall yearly average reduction of 104 ng m -3 yr -1 (p ≤ 0. 01) were found. In parallel, there is also a reduction observed in the sulfate-rich factor, proposed as a highly anthropogenic-derived factor (see Fig.
Limitations of the study In spite of the advantages offered by the long-term monitoring at the OPE site, there were a few limitations encountered  during the investigation of the dataset. Each limitation is discussed as follows: -There was a change in sampling duration between the collection performed in year 2012 to 2016 (7 d sampling) and 2016 to 2020 (24 h sampling). A 7 d filter sample includes both weekdays and weekends, whereas a 24 h sample will either be a weekday or weekend, depending on the sampling interval. This implies that the weekly collected samples may contain particles that are not fully captured in a daily sample. However, since the OPE site is quite distant from direct emissions, the expected difference in the weekday and weekend levels should be relatively small. Further, PMF source ap-portionment was conducted separately (i.
As we have found consistent decrease in some species, particularly EC, perhaps a rolling PMF (e. g. yearly PMF) could better capture possible changes in the source profiles. -The absence of samples for OP analysis from the years prior to 2017 has limited the investigation of long-term OP at the OPE site. Consequently, it was not easy to capture the decrease in OP contributions from the traffic factor as similarly captured in the mass contributions. Perhaps a hindcasting method on the years without OP data could have been performed; however that would heavily rely on the OP m modelled from the year 2017 to 2020, which can lead to bias in the results. -In the year 2020, a series of lockdown restrictions were placed nationally as a response to the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. In the OPE site, there is no clear decrease in average PM 10 mass concentration in 2020 (Fig.
On the other hand, based on OP activity, the main contributors are mostly anthropogenic-derived sources such as traffic, mineral dust, and biomass burning factors. As the OPE site is located far from direct anthropogenic emissions, the influence of LRT processes was noted in some sources. Sources such as sulfate-and nitrate-rich, MSA-rich, and aged sea salt factors have shown potential mixing with other anthropogenic sources, most probably due to the transit time. These potential mixing and ageing processes were reflected in the chemical mass profile of each factor as well as in their OP contributions. Thanks to the long-term dataset at the OPE site, it was observed that the traffic factor contribution to total PM 10 has decreased over the years for this site that may well represent the French national background PM.
Code availability. The software code can be made available upon request by contacting the corresponding author. Data availability. The chemical, PMF, and OP datasets can be made available upon request by contacting the corresponding author. The data used for the comparison in Fig. 8  are obtained from many different programmes, including the CARA programme coordinated by Olivier Favez  (Favez et al. , 2021). Supplement. The supplement related to this article is available online at: https://doi. org/10. 5194/acp-22-8701-2022-supplement.
Results Population studied 410 healthy volunteers (270 men and 140 women) were included in the study. Their mean age was 52±16 years, their mean height was 166±18 cm and their mean weight was 75±22 kg. Their pulmonary function tests were normal, with a mean SVC of 4. 1±1. 1 L (102±14% pred), a mean FVC of 3. 8±1. 1 L (97±14% pred) and a mean FEV 1 of 3. 1±0. 9 L (98±13% pred). The demographic data of the men were: age 52±15 years, height 173±7 cm, weight 76±12 kg and BMI 25±4 kg•m -2. The demographic data of the women were: age 52±16 years, height 159±14 cm, weight 66±18 kg and BMI 25±5 kg•m -2.
Data Availability Statement Computing and data storage resources for developing CESM2, CESM2-lessmelt, and CESM2-LE were provided by the Computational and Information Systems Laboratory at NCAR, including the Cheyenne supercomputer (https://doi. org/10. 5065/D6RX99HX). The CESM2-LE simulations were run on the IBS/ICCP supercomputer "Aleph," a 1. 43 petaflop high-performance Cray XC50-LC Skylake computing system with 18,720 processor cores, with 9. 59 petabytes of disc storage, and 43 petabytes of tape archive storage. CESM2-LE data are available here: https://www. cesm. ucar. edu/projects/community-projects/LENS2/. The CESM2-lessmelt data are available via Globus access to NCAR GLADE at: /glade/campaign/cgd/ppc/cesm2_tuned_albedo. For more information on using Globus on NCAR systems, please refer to https://www2.
Acknowledgements The authors wish to thank  Dr Eva Jakab Thot  ( CBM CNRS UPR 4301 ,  Orléans France ) for reviewing and advices for the preparation of the manuscript. K. El Mamoune was granted by  Siemens Healthcare SAS, Saint Denis, France , and  Association Nationale Recherche Technologie (ANRT) , Grant n •  1250/2015.
METHODS The PINNACLE FLX study (Protection Against Embolism for Nonvalvular AF Patients: Investigational Device Evaluation of the Watchman FLX LAA Closure Technology; URL: https:// www. clinicaltrials. gov; Unique identifier: NCT02702271) is a single arm, prospective, nonrandomized study across 29 investigational centers in the United States. This study was approved by an institutional review committee and the patients gave informed consent. The data and study protocol for this clinical study may be made available to other researchers in accordance with Boston Scientific's Data Sharing Policy (http:// www. bostonscientific. com/enUS/data-sharing-requests. html). Patients were eligible for the study if they had NVAF and a CHA2DS2-VASc score of ≥2 for men or ≥3 for women, were able to take the prescribed postimplant antithrombotic medication regimen, had a rationale for a nonpharmacological approach to stroke prevention, and had no other diagnoses that would require long-term anticoagulation.
Full inclusion/ exclusion criteria are listed in Table  I  in the Data Supplement. To allow physicians to gain experience with the implant procedure, all sites were required to enroll 2 roll-in patients before enrollment in the main study cohort. The main study cohort represents the analysis population. An independent clinical events committee adjudicated end point events. The study was conducted in accordance with the International Conference on Harmonization Guidelines for Good Clinical Practice and the ethical principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki. The study was sponsored by Boston Scientific Corporation and registered with ClinicalTrials. gov. All patients gave written informed consent.
©2021 Boston Scientific Corporation or its affiliates. All rights reserved. ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE follow-up at the time of this report, data on the secondary effectiveness end point are not presented here. Other clinical events sent to the independent Clinical Events Committee for review and adjudication included all-cause death, stroke/ transient ischemic attack, systemic embolism, major bleeding events (Bleeding Academic Research Consortium 3 or Bleeding Academic Research Consortium 5), device embolization, device thrombus, device migration, or pericardial effusion resulting in an invasive intervention (eg, open cardiac surgery or pericardiocentesis/pericardial puncture).
Study Population and Procedural Characteristics A total of 400 patients were enrolled between May 2018 and November 2018. Baseline demographic information is provided in Table  1. The mean age was 73. 8±8. 6 years, 35. 5% of the patients were women, and most were White (94%). More than half of the patients presented with paroxysmal AF. The mean CHA 2 DS 2 -VASc score was 4. 2±1. 5 and the mean HAS-BLED score was 2. 0±1. 0 (Table II in the Data Supplement). Implant procedure success, defined as the successful delivery and release of a device into the LAA, was achieved in 395 patients (98. 8%). The most common reason for an unsuccessful attempt (3 of 5 patients) was unsuitable anatomy (eg, attributable to excessive vascular tortuosity, inadequate positioning, or insufficient anchoring). Two attempts were unsuccessful because adequate compression and seal could not be achieved.
Introduction The 2019 Chemistry Nobel Prize was attributed to three researchers, J. Goodenough, S. Whittingham and A. Yoshino, who contributed to the enhancement and the advent of the lithium ion batteries  [1, 2]. These developments modify our society since the 1990s and the first commercialization of a lithium ion battery by Sony Corporation  [2]. The development of lithium ion batteries then became exponential with its integration in numerous products, from the electric vehicles to the inevitable smartphones. More recently, the emerging of Internet of Things (IoT) provides a great easiness in everyday life fields such as smart homes, wearables, medical devices, data security, etc. The number of connected IoT devices was multiplied by 3 since the 2010s  [3]. These new applications lead to toughen battery requirements like flexibility, limited thickness (< 500 µm), etc.
Acknowledgements Authors thank  Florence Rouillon  and  Benjamin Amestoy  ( CEA/LITEN/DEHT ) for their technical expertise on electrode fabrication process and access to their facilities. Financial support for this work was provided through the  EnSO  project. EnSO has been accepted for funding within the Electronic Components and  Systems For European Leadership Joint Undertaking  in collaboration with the European Union's  H2020 Framework Program  ( H2020/2014-2020 ) and National Authorities, under grant agreement n°  692482.
Conclusions The simulations carried out with NECTAR make it possible to analyze the influence of the droplets interactions on the thermal transfer by droplets impact which takes place in a tube representative of a PWR subchannel cooled by a steam/droplets flow during a LOCA. This analysis yielded the following results: • Droplets interactions seems to be negligeble for the typical steam flow with dispered droplets in LOCA condition. • A reduction of the passage area of the subchannel in the presence of ballooning fuel rods would not affect the usual calculation of heat transfer by impact of droplets. This is due to the fact that even under these conditions the droplets flux that hits the wall is low to be considered as a dense spray. These results will be validated shortly from experimental data from the COLIBRI bench.
[27]. As in the ATLAS analysis  [12] , we include the B + , B 0 s , and Λ 0 b hadrons and their antiparticles  [28]  taking into account the respective b → B-hadron branching fractions as given in Ref. [22]. Here, we select the   [12]. The solid and the upper and lower dashed histograms represent our NLO GM-VFNS predictions for ξ = 1, 0. 5, 2, respectively. ATLAS dataset corresponding to the long-lifetime contribution determined by the twolifetime fit, where the short-lifetime contribution is attributed to the B c → ψ(2S) + X decay. The data corresponding to the one-lifetime fit are quite similar, except that the cross sections in the first two p T bins are slightly larger. We observe from Fig. 1 (a) that the agreement between experiment and theory is quite good, except for the uppermost p T bin.
Acknowledgments We thank  J. M. Durham  and  M. Winn  for useful communications regarding Ref. [29] and  J. M. Durham  for providing us with the data points listed in Table 1 in numerical form. We are grateful to  E. Braaten  for a useful communication regarding Ref. [30]. The work of B. A. K was supported in part by the  German Federal Ministry for Education and Research BMBF  through Grant No. 05H18GUCC1  and by the  German Research Foundation DFG  through Grants No. KN 365/13-1  and No. KN 365/14-1  within  Research Unit FOR 2926 Next Generation Perturbative QCD for Hadron Structure: Preparing for the Electron-Ion Collider. The work of I. S. was supported in part by the  French National Centre for Scientific Research CNRS  through  IN2P3  Project  GLUE@NLO.
Data Analysis The data acquired with the MCA was analyzed with a custom software in order to extract the energy resolution value and the number of ADC channels corresponding to the 511 keV and 1275 keV photopeaks. The spectrum was calibrated by utilizing the two 22 Na photopeaks. The final energy resolution was evaluated on the calibrated spectrum as the FWHM at the first photopeak, calculated using a Gaussian fit, divided by 511 keV. This value is independent of different systematic errors and variations between different samples of the same material. The comparison of the (calibrated) energy spectra resulting from different configurations did then allow us to measure the performance of each configuration in terms of variability, light gain, and energy resolution.
Acknowledgments: The authors would like to thank  Loic Le Cunff  and  Gilles Lerondel  for fruitful discussions and for suggesting the use of self-assembled structures for light extraction. H. K. would also like to acknowledge the use of the Nano'mat platform and the guidance of  Gilles Lerondel  for the fabrication of the silicon mold using colloidal self-assembly combined with dry etching techniques. EPFL also gratefully acknowledges the generous support of the  Swiss National Science Foundation  and of  EPFL's CMi (Center of MicroNanoTechnology)  staff.
Fourier decomposition of LIR disk temperatures reveal distinct planetary scale waves with periods near 3. 9 and 5. 3 days. Both the Venus Express and Akatsuki missions illustrate how strong observing programs can lead to new, unexpected areas of exploration. Ground-based observing programs have played a similar role, and have added value to the Venus Express and Akatsuki data sets. Some examples: • Doppler winds derived from very high resolution visible spectroscopy confirmed that dayside cloud tracking can be used to construct wind fields  (Machado et al. 2017 ). • Submm and near-IR spectra were used to map SO 2 and monitor its variability. • Ground-based imaging of Venus's middle and lower cloud decks gave pole-to-pole coverage with resolutions of 150 km on Venus, extending Venus Express cloud tracking coverage of Venus's southern hemisphere.
Purpose: To describe the design and rationale of the phase 3 TENAYA (ClinicalTrials. gov identifier, NCT03823287) and LUCERNE (ClinicalTrials. gov identifier, NCT03823300) trials that aimed to assess efficacy, safety, and durability of faricimab, the first bispecific antibody for intraocular use, which independently binds and neutralizes both angiopoietin-2 and vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) versus aflibercept in patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD). Design: Identical, global, double-masked, randomized, controlled, phase 3 clinical trials. Participants: Adults with treatment-naïve nAMD. Methods: These trials were designed to evaluate patients randomized to receive faricimab 6. 0 mg up to every 16 weeks after 4 initial every-4-week doses or aflibercept 2.
The 36week AVENUE trial established the efficacy and safety of faricimab compared with ranibizumab,  29  and the 52-week STAIRWAY trial demonstrated sustained efficacy through extended durability of faricimab on fixed every-12-week and every-16-week dosing, with comparable vision and anatomic gains versus every-4-week ranibizumab. 30 he phase 3 TENAYA (ClinicalTrials. gov identifier, NCT03823287) and LUCERNE (ClinicalTrials. gov identifier, NCT03823300) trials were designed to assess the efficacy, safety, and durability of faricimab, a bispecific antibody that targets both angiopoietin-2 and VEGF-A, building on the dosing regimen, design, and results from the phase 2 program in patients with nAMD. 29, 30 Herein we describe the rationale and methodology of the ongoing TENAYA and LUCERNE trials.
Safety Assessments One of the key objectives of the TENAYA and LUCERNE trials was to investigate the safety of faricimab. To ensure the safety of all patients during the conduct of the study, several safety assessments were included in the study design for year 1 and continue to be included through year 2. These include regular ophthalmologic assessment, adverse event monitoring, and protocol-specified laboratory safety tests. Additional safety imaging assessments were permitted at the principal investigator's discretion, as required. An independent data monitoring committee monitored safety and study conduct on an ongoing basis. All adverse events, including serious adverse events and adverse events of special interest, were required to be recorded on the adverse event electronic case report form and reported to the sponsor.