dataesr/scientific-paragraphs-categorization huggingface dataset:
Inclusion We thus have a dataset comprising 414 articles. It's worth noting that some articles lack keywords, while others are without an abstract. However, we chose to retain them in our bibliometric analysis, as the other provided information appeared relevant to us ( Fig. 7  ). Table  5  , sourced directly from the Biblioshiny interface of the R package Bibliometrix, depicts the completeness of the metadata, highlighting the missing cells, their percentage, and an assessment of completeness categorized as "Excellent", "Good", "Acceptable", "Poor", and "Completely missing". Variables labeled as "Completely missing" were either not initially selected or were not available in the Scopus and Web of Science databases.
Limitations The data in this document have several limitations. Firstly, they are based on a set of references that is not comprehensive. The exclusive reliance on English literature, the strict selection of articles, and the constraint of the search to a predefined list of keywords might limit the scope of the dataset. Moreover, while Scopus and Web of Science offer a vast collection of well-referenced articles, their access to non-English journals is limited. Additionally, it would be crucial to delve into the grey literature to understand the developmental strategies of this concept at institutional, political, and media levels. These constraints suggest the need to broaden the research, especially by considering other languages and literature sources.
Acknowledgements We would foremost like to express our heartfelt appreciation to the  University Library of Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)  for their unwavering support and substantial assistance in the process of opening our data. Subsequently, we extend our sincere gratitude to  Natalia Zugravu-Soilita  for her invaluable guidance and enduring support throughout this work. This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.
Data format Raw, Analyzed, Filtered (in. CSV) Type of data Table (in. CSV) Data collection Raw data was Institution: Université Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ) -Université Paris-Saclay Address: 47 boulevard Vauban, 78280, Guyancourt Cedex Country: France Electronic database: Scopus ( https://www-scopus-com. ezproxy. universite-paris-saclay. fr/search/form. uri?display=basic#basic ) and Web of Science ( https://www-webofscience-com. ezproxy. universite-paris-saclay. fr ) Data accessibility Repository name: RechercheDataGouv Saclay repository Data identification number: https://doi. org/10. 57745/4LOIZB Direct URL to data: https://entrepot. recherche. data. gouv. fr/dataset. xhtml? persistentId = doi: 10. 57745/4LOIZB.
and detection of highly cited articles. DB Source database Indicates whether the Comparison of contributions article comes from the and visibility between different Web of Science database databases. ("ISI") or Scopus ("SCOPUS"). TI Document Title The full title of the Identification of articles, journal article. analysis of title trends over time. PY Year Published The year of publication Temporal and evolutionary of the paper in a analysis of research, journal. identification of periods of growth or change within a field. SR Short Reference Title of the article along Allows for direct referencing of with its year of the specific article, without the publication and journal. need to link between various Short tag of the variables. document.
Given the treatment landscape evolution for aRCC, real-world data are needed. All French patients newly treated for aRCC initiated in 2016 were included. In first-line, patients were mainly treated with sunitinib, and in secondline half were treated with nivolumab. The highest OS was observed for patients treated with sunitinib in firstline and for patients treated with nivolumab in second-line. Background: Treatment landscape for advanced renal cell carcinoma (aRCC) has evolved quickly and few data about the real-world treatment patterns are available. This study aimed at describing the real-world treatment patterns and effectiveness of all systemic treatments available for aRCC in first and second-line treatment. Materials and Methods: A cohort of patients initiating a first-line systemic treatment for aRCC in 2016 was extracted from the French nationwide healthcare insurance system database (SNDS).
Data Source This cohort study used the French nationwide healthcare insurance system claims database ("Système National des Données de Santé" [SNDS]), which includes anonymized individual data for all persons affiliated, covering at least 99% of French residents (around 66 million persons). 21  The SNDS contains information on (i) sociodemographic characteristics; (ii) outpatient healthcare claims and reimbursement; (iii) hospital discharge summaries; and (iv) registration status for 30 long-term diseases (LTDs). Drugs are coded according to the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) classification, hospitalization diagnoses, and LTD are coded according to the International Classification of Diseases, 10 th revision (ICD-10), and medical and surgical procedures are coded according to the Classification Commune des Actes Médicaux (CCAM).
Discussion To our knowledge, this is the first nationwide population-based study of aRCC patients describing treatment patterns, OS, and TNT-D according to all systemic treatments available in France. Based on the representativeness of our cohort and the large description of the treatment patterns at the beginning of the ICI era, our study provides useful insight into real-world treatment practices. It is planned to use the methodology and results presented here to benchmark the effectiveness of ICI-based combinations in first-line. The consistency between demographic and clinical characteristics of our cohort and the scientific literature allows us to consider that our algorithm is robust in identifying all cases of aRCC with a first-line treatment. 3 , 12 , 14 , 16 , 23 , 24  As in other observational studies based in medico-administrative claims database, the lack of clinical data (such as Eastern Cooperative Group Performance Status, cancer histology, or exhaustiveness of metastasis localization) does not allow one to adjust for all individual confounding factors.
This database includes only reimbursed treatment and care. Patients who received first-line treatment in the frame of a RCT are consequently not included in this study. This limitation may have affected the inclusion of patients in our study, particularly as several RCTs on ICIbased combinations were actively recruiting in France during the study period. The treatment patterns were consistent with previous observational studies and with the European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO) and the Association Française d'Urologie (AFU) guidelines. 4 , 12 , 27 , 28  In first-line setting, sunitinib (administered to 64. 4% of patients) had the higher level of evidence. In second-line, nivolumab (administered to 43. 7% of patients) and axitinib (administered to 16. 9% of patients) had the higher level of evidence.
Systematic MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane database searches were conducted on November 2, 2022. Eligible publications included ≥ 20 patients with RCC receiving cabozantinib. After double-screening for eligibility, standardized data were abstracted, qualitatively summarized, and assessed for risk of bias using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Of 353 screened publications, 41 were included, representing approximately 11,000 real-world patients. Most publications reported cabozantinib monotherapy cohort studies (40/41) of retrospective (39/41) and multicenter (32/41) design; most included patients from North America and/or Europe (30/41). Baseline characteristics were demographically similar between real-world and pivotal RCT populations, but real-world populations showed greater variation in prevalence of prior nephrectomy, multiple-site/brain metastasis, and nonclear-cell RCC histology.
4 vs 3. 8 months; hazard ratio [HR]: 0. 58 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0. 45-0. 75]; P <. 001),  18  and for the secondary endpoints of overall survival (OS; 21. 4 vs 17. 1 months, HR: 0. 70 [95% CI: 0. 58-0. 85]; P =. 0002)  19  and objective response rate (ORR; 21% vs 5%; P <. 0001). 18  CABOSUN demonstrated significant treatment benefits for cabozantinib versus sunitinib as a first-line (1L) treatment in patients with aRCC of intermediate or poor International Metastatic RCC Database Consortium (IMDC) risk in terms of PFS (8. 2 vs 5. 6 months; HR: 0. 66 [95% CI: 0. 46-0. 95]; P =. 012),  20  OS (26. 6 vs 21. 2 months),  21  and ORR (33% vs 12%). 20  CheckMate 9ER reported benefits for cabozantinib plus nivolumab versus sunitinib in terms of PFS (16. 6 vs 8. 4  months; HR: 0. 59 [95% CI: 0.
Search Strategy and Selection Criteria A prespecified population, intervention, comparison, outcomes, and study design framework was used to assess publication eligibility. 28  Publications of interest were English-language reports of realworld studies of cabozantinib use in patients with RCC (Supplemental Table  1 ). Systematic literature searches were conducted (June 14, 2021) using the Ovid bibliographic research platform, run in MEDLINE (In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations and Ovid MEDLINE [1946-present]) and Embase (1974-present), and the Cochrane Library bibliographic database (see Supplemental Tables  2  and 3  for full search-string and screening details). Complementary searches involved handsearching abstract books of the following 2019-2022 congresses, preidentified by the authors: the International Kidney Cancer Symposium and the European International Kidney Cancer Symposium.
Clinical Genitourinary Cancer February 2024 Real-World use of Cabozantinib in RCC patients with aRCC treated with cabozantinib in real-world practice (Supplemental Table  1 ). Short-listed publications underwent fulltext review to confirm eligibility. Screening was completed by 1 reviewer with uncertainties resolved by a second reviewer and/or the full author group. Standardized data were abstracted from eligible publications by 2 independent researchers according to data fields pre-agreed by the authors.
Quality and Risk of Bias Assessment The quality and risk of bias of the data reported in each eligible publication were evaluated using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) risk of bias assessment tool. 29  Each publication was assigned a NOS quality rating (0-9; the higher the score, the lower the potential risk of bias) according to the potential for bias in the reported data as a result of patient selection, data comparability, and outcome evaluations. 29  The higher the number of stars/points assigned to a study publication, the lower the perceived risk of potential bias in the reported results.
41 , 58 , 65 , 69  Two publications (5%) contained data from geographies other than North America and Europe,  50 , 68  and 8 publications (20%) reported studies that used international databases without a clearly defined geographical scope. 34 , 35 , 48 , 49 , 60 , 62 , 66 , 67  The NOS rating of each eligible publication is summarized in Supplemental Table  4 , with full details in Supplemental Table  5. All of the publications included in the review scored at least 4 stars (of a maximum of 9 stars, indicating the lowest potential for bias), 16 studies (39%) scored ≥ 6 stars, and 2 studies (5%) scored 9 stars. Commonly perceived areas of potential bias in the real-world literature included the absence of a comparator or control arm and/or a lack of reported follow-up data.
Real-World Study Population Results Eligible publications included data from approximately 11,000 patients who had received cabozantinib treatment for RCC, although a single international database study (by Goldman et al. 35  ) that examined cardiovascular adverse event (AE) rates associated with TKI treatment contributed more than half of these patients (6879 [62. 5%]). The range of baseline characteristics of the real-world study populations and those of the cabozantinib pivotal RCT populations are presented in Table  1. The median age of the trial populations was within the range of median ages (minimum-maximum) reported in the real-world literature (RCTs, 62  11  -63  17 , 20  years vs real-world literature, 40  69  -70 57 years). Similarly, the percentage of men in the RCT populations was within the range reported in the real-world study populations (RCTs, 77%  11 , 17  -84%  20  vs real-world literature, 40%  69  -87%  33 , 70  ).
Real-World Effectiveness Results versus RCT Efficacy Eighteen studies reported real-world OS and 11 reported real-world PFS for cabozantinib monotherapy ( Figure  1  A and B, respectively). Among these studies, 11 reported OS  30 , 34 , 48 , 51 , 53 , 61 , 62 , 65-67 , 70  and 8 PFS  48 , 51 , 61 , 64-67 , 70  stratified by cabozantinib treatment line ( Figures  1B  and 2A , respectively). Only 1 study reported real-world OS for 1L cabozantinib ( Figure  2 A ). 34  The study was a retrospective analysis of the IMDC database by Gan et al. ,  34  and reported a median (95% CI) OS of 30. 7 (15. 8-36. 8) months for the subgroup of patients treated with 1L cabozantinib (n = 34), among whom 74% of patients had intermediate/poor risk metastatic RCC. Median (95% CI) OS for 1L cabozantinib in the CABOSUN trial of previously untreated patients, all of whom had intermediate or poor risk aRCC, was 26.
6 (14. 6-not estimable [NE]) months. 21  Eleven studies reported median real-world OS for 2L cabozantinib therapy ( Figure  2 A ). Median (95% CI) OS for 2L cabozantinib ranged from 9. 1 (7. 7-21. 4) months in a retrospective evaluation of 11 European and North American centers (Santoni et al. 66  ; 88% IMDC intermediate/poor risk; overall n = 108) to 32. 0 (not reported [NR]-NR) months in an analysis of patients with clear-cell RCC (ccRCC) treated across 15 institutions in France (Vano et al. 70  ; 92% IMDC intermediate/poor risk; n = 38 for 2L). Median (95% At least 2 organs with metastasis, % 58  49  -93 70 82 78  21  80 Most common sites of metastasis, % Lung 54  69  -91  58  62 70  21  74 Lymph node 26  57  -85  41  62 57  21  40 Bone 23  61  -65  60  23 39  21  24 Liver 11  61  -39 36 , 56 27 19  21  23 Adrenal gland 11  68  -28  31  --11 Brain 3 50 -23  60  < 1 4  21  -Abbreviations: ccRCC = clear-cell renal cell carcinoma; ECOG PS = European Cooperative Oncology Group performance status; IMDC = International Metastatic RCC Database Consortium; max.
Real-World Tolerability of Cabozantinib Compared With Its RCT Safety Profile Twenty-seven studies reported real-world tolerability data for cabozantinib, including treatment-related AEs and/or discontinuation rates, and/or dose reductions. Table  2  summarizes the realworld tolerability data for cabozantinib monotherapy compared with the equivalent safety data from the pivotal RCTs of cabozantinib monotherapy. Overall, the real-world tolerability of cabozantinib was broadly in keeping with its safety profile from the longterm follow-ups of the METEOR  19  and CABOSUN  21  trials in terms of rates of dose reductions and AE-related treatment discontinuations, and types of common grade 3 or 4 AEs. Although generally similar in nature, however, the frequency of grade 3 or 4 AEs was lower or less frequently reported/recorded in the real-world studies of cabozantinib than in the pivotal RCTs.
Of the real-world studies with available data, most reported a brain metastasis prevalence of 5% of higher, which compares with an estimated prevalence of 10% reported in the RCC literature. 71 , 72  In comparison, fewer than 5% of patients in the METEOR and CABOSUN trials had brain metastases, suggesting that patients with RCC and brain metastases were underrepresented in the pivotal cabozantinib RCTs. A minority of the real-world RCC studies (15%) preselected patients based on tumor histology, but most included allcomers. Within these studies, non-ccRCC tumors accounted for approximately 20% of real-world RCC cases, which is in line with published epidemiological data for RCC. 73  In contrast, the reference pivotal RCTs used for this review included only patients with ccRCC. Descriptive comparison of the cabozantinib outcome data suggests that cabozantinib efficacy does translate into real-word effectiveness.
Data on the tolerability of cabozantinib were limited. However, where grade 3 or 4 AEs were reported, the most common AEs in the real-world setting were similar to those reported in pivotal cabozantinib trials (fatigue, palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia syndrome, hypertension, diarrhea), though they were reported (or recorded) less frequently in real-world studies. Importantly, no studies reported real-world tolerability issues that were inconsistent with the trial safety profile for cabozantinib. This review was limited by the descriptive nature of the findings, but, owing to the high degree of heterogeneity in the real-world literature (eg, differing study designs, populations, data-collection methods, and care settings), a more formal statistical analysis, such as a meta-analysis, was not feasible.
Acknowledgments This systematic literature review was sponsored by  Ipsen  and an  Ipsen  employee co-authored the manuscript. Ipsen  sponsored the development of the manuscript in accordance with Good Publication Practice (GPP 2022) guidelines. The authors thank  Alison Chisholm  ( MPH ),  Tamzin Gristwood  ( PhD ), and  Jo Gordon  ( PhD ) of  Oxford PharmaGenesis, Oxford, UK , for providing medical writing support, which was sponsored by  Ipsen  in accordance with Good Publication Practice guidelines (GPP 2022).
A. Sample and Data The data for the empirical analysis are collected combining different sources. The main source is the Community Innovation Survey (CIS) conducted in Luxembourg in 2010. CIS surveys are the primary source of official data for measuring innovation in Europe and they been used in previous articles to measure the effect of standardization on firms  [3] ,  [44] ,  [45]. CIS provides reliable information on the characteristics of small and large firms in the manufacturing and services industries, and it is representative of the business economy. Country-specific questions for Luxembourg allow to infer whether they participated in technical committees during the period 2008-2010 (see Fig. 1in  the appendix for the complete and original wording of the question). This information is combined with information about standards setting organizations to distinguish empirically between different standardization strategies.
For each firm in the CIS, we checked if it is engaged in standards setting organizations, compiling data from IL-NAS (Luxembourg Institute for Standardization, Accreditation, Safety, and Quality of Products and Services), ETSI data (European Telecommunication Standards Institute), and International Telecommunication Union. Luxembourgish companies cannot participate in official international standardization organizations such as CEN, ISO, CENELEC, and IEC if not participating in ILNAS. To summarize, the data are collected differently depending on the type of standardization studied. For the data on standardization within the firm, we used the data of CIS, and for the data on the standards setting organizations standardization, we used the data of ILNAS + ETSI+ IEC. The sample is made of 1511 weighted observations (636 unweighted).
VI. CONCLUSION This article highlighted the determinants of different standardization strategies for a firm based on theoretical considerations and previous empirical studies. Based on a dedicated database, the analysis was the first to document strategic positions of standardization (coexistence or competitive standardization or coopetitive standardization). Our econometric analysis showed that firms facing technological uncertainty were more likely to adopt proactive standardization strategies than other firms. Firms were more likely to embrace standardization when competition was characterized by uncertainty about future technologies, which could be interpreted as evidence that firms could work together to reduce the uncertainties associated with turbulent economic environments  [60]. Available evidence suggested also that uncertainty was positively associated with coopetition and competition with the same intensity.
Besides, the National Standards Institute only started its activities recently. Although potential reverse causality problems cannot be excluded entirely with available cross-sectional data, the dataset's richness and the robustness controls suggest the results' overall validity. The availability of panel data and possibly transnational datasets could improve the understanding of standardization strategies. We conclude the section discussing additional explanations to the patterns observed and offering some formal propositions to be verified in future researches. Unobserved factors may moderate and confound the relations between technological uncertainty and standardization that we documented. Possible unobserved factors are market position of the firm (e. g. , market leader and follower) and ubiquity of technology (e.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT  Cesare A. F. Riillo  gratefully acknowledges the support of the  Observatoire de la Compétitivité, Ministère de l'Economie, DG Compétitivité ,  Luxembourg , and  STATEC , the  National Statistical Institute of Luxembourg. Views and opinions expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not reflect those of STATEC or STATEC Research and funding partners. The authors would like also to thank anonymous referees and editors for their reviews. Authors' Contributions: CAFR was responsible for study design, data collection, econometric analysis, literature search, and writing; RAK for study design, and literature search; VF, GvdK, and NA for literature search, and writing. Previous versions of this article appeared as conference proceedings: Riillo, C. A. F. (2013) "The engagement in standardization activities: A firm level analysis of formal and company standardization" proceedings of 17th  EURAS Annual Standardisation Conference Brussels ,  Belgium   24-26 June 2013.
The analysis of tourist accommodation bookings provides valid information for the management of these establishments. The objective of this work is to analyze the performance of different Machine Learning techniques for the prediction of booking cancellations, as well as to analyze possible patterns in the study data. For this purpose, the following supervised learning methods are used: Multilayer Perceptron Neural Network, Radial Basis Function Neural Network, Decision Tree, Random Forest, AdaBoost and XgBoost, analyzing the performance of these techniques. The dataset used corresponds to the bookings of a resort hotel and a city hotel located in Portugal. As a result, the study compares the classification methods applied and identifies those with better performance, proving that Machine Learning techniques generate reliable forecasts for the management of the tourism industry.
Data collection and analysis The first author spent a total of six-months of participant observation as a member of the management accounting team at PCI. The first three-month observation period was conducted in the Fall 2017 and the second one of equal duration, exactly one year later. Observation included participation in budgetary meetings and board meetings, working with the management accountant and oneweek immersion in two operational services. The time spent in the field was recorded in field notes. The first author also conducted 30 semi-structured interviews with participants from all departments ranging from top management to employees, 29 of which were recorded and transcribed. The starting point of the study was to observe the implementation and development of a management accounting function.