dataesr/scientific-paragraphs-categorization huggingface dataset:
Acknowledgements We would like to thank the INPA LBA central office in Manaus for logistical support for the operation of the TT34 site. This research was funded by the  FAPESP  projects  2008/58100-2 ,  2010/52658-1, 2011/50170-4 ,  2012/14437-9  and  CNPq  project  475735-2012-9 ,  INCT Amazonia , the  FP6  project  EUCAARI  (Contract  34684 ), and the  Max Planck Society. We thank  Eric Swietlicki ,  Alfred Wiedensohler  and  Markku Kulmala  for support at the central Amazonia ZF2 site. We thank  Sandra Hacon  (FIOCRUZ),  Fernando Morais (IFUSP), Alcides C. Ribeiro (IFUSP), Ana L. Loureiro (IFUSP) ,  Fábio de Oliveira Jorge (IFUSP) ,  Lívia Oliveira.
Acknowledgments This article is largely indebted to  Lisa DeTora  ( Albany Medical College, New York, USA , formerly of  Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics, Cambridge, USA) , for her everlasting enthusiasm and continuous editorial support. Julio Vazquez  ( Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain ) is thanked for generously providing an earlier version of Figure 1, which was further developed for this article. Giorgio Corsi  ( Novartis Vaccine and Diagnostics, Siena, Italy)  is thanked for originally designing Figure 5. We would also like to thank  Susan Myers  and  Gerard P. Johnson  of  Complete Healthcare Communications, Inc. (Chadds Ford, PA USA ), whose assistance with figure and table preparation was funded by  Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics. James Wassil  ( Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics, Cambridge, USA)  and  Julie A.
4 ) and three times less at 8 TeV (Fig. 5 ). These do not take into account the branching of the Z in dimuons (∼ 3%), but these are central values which can be affected by a factor of 2-3 of theoretical uncertainties. In the most optimistic case, by integrating on the accessible P T range, by using both muon and electron decay channels for the J/ψ, by expecting an indirect cross section of 40 % and by detecting the Z boson with hadronic channels such that it could be detected 40 % of the time, it may be envisioned to detect something like four hundred events at 14 TeV with 100 fb -1 of data -possibly a factor 2-3 above given the theory uncertainty. At 8 TeV with the 20 fb -1 of data expected to be collected in 2012, we expect only about thirty events to be recorded. Clearly, there are more promising processes, such as J/ψ + γ  [13, 14]  or J/ψ + D  [17, 41] , to learn more on the production mechanisms of the J/ψ.
Visual data acquisition Recording the full corpus took about 4 h (markers painting, camera calibration, material setup, tests, and recording) giving rise to 25 min of effective speech. We dealt with 32 sequences and provided 3D positions of 252 markers for 585,000 frames. The corpus was made of 319 medium-sized French sentences, covering 25 min of speech, uttered by a male native French speaker. The size of this corpus is large enough compared to other works on audiovisual synthesis, but small compared to works on text-to-speech synthesis. A set of 20 extra sentences was recorded for testing and tuning purposes. The corpus did not cover all diphones possible in French due to the corpus size, but several representations of some diphones were present in different contexts. As in typical concatenative speech synthesis, the corpus was phonetized and analyzed linguistically.
Target specification At execution time, a text to be synthesized is first automatically phonetized and partitioned into diphones. For each diphone required for synthesis, all possible candidates from the database having the same phonetic label are looked up. A special algorithm is available to handle cases where there are no instances of the same diphone in the database. The target specification, used to search for and to rank the diphone candidates, consists of linguistic and phonetic features. It specifies the phonemes being looked up and their linguistic and phonetic content and the context which affects their realization. It is noteworthy that there is no prosodic model. The prosody is implicitly determined from the linguistic features that cover local and global context. We estimate that the information comprised in these features should be sufficient to provide neutral or 'in reading' prosody, as that of the recorded corpus  [28].
Methods and analysis: SPIN will employ the cohort multiple randomised controlled trial (cmRCT) design, in which patients consent to participate in a cohort for ongoing data collection. The aim is to recruit 1500-2000 patients from centres across the world within a period of 5 years (2013-2018). Eligible participants are persons ≥18 years of age with a diagnosis of SSc. In addition to baseline medical data, participants will complete patient-reported outcome measures every 3 months. Upon enrolment in the cohort, patients will consent to be contacted in the future to participate in intervention research and to allow their data to be used used to attenuate disability and improve health-related quality of life (HRQL) in many chronic diseases, but are typically not available for people with rare diseases.
Procedure SSc patients treated by SPIN physicians will be recruited for the SPIN Cohort at their site, and their written informed consent will be obtained. The local participating SPIN physician, or supervised nurse coordinator, will complete a Medical Data form (see online supplementary appendix 2). This form will be submitted online to initiate patient registration in the SPIN Cohort. After completion of registration by a recruiting SPIN physician, an automated welcoming email will be sent to participants with instructions to complete the SPIN patient measures online. Two weeks prior to each 3-month follow-up, participants will receive an email reminding them to go online and complete their forms. On the date of the follow-up assessment, a second notification email will be sent to patients, reminding them to complete the questionnaires online.
If 1 week after the assessment date the questionnaire has not yet been completed, an SPIN investigator will contact the patient to encourage them to go online and complete the forms. If a patient has not filled out the questionnaires within 2 weeks after the assessment date, their data will not be collected for that assessment cycle. Patients who do not complete forms at a particular SPIN Cohort assessment are eligible to continue in the SPIN Cohort and will be contacted for subsequent assessments. If patients do not complete four consecutive assessments, they will be considered to have dropped out of the SPIN Cohort.
Medical data At the time of enrolment, recruiting SPIN physicians will obtain and record basic demographic and medical data from patients' medical records. Medical information will be recorded on a standardised form (see online supplementary appendix 2) and will include height, weight, date of onset Raynaud's phenomenon and first non-Raynaud's symptom, date of SSc diagnosis, disease subtype, presence of autoantibodies, skin involvement, presence of digital ulcers and pitting scars, joint involvement, organ involvement and the presence of an overlap syndrome.
SPIN Cohort Initially, SPIN Cohort data will be used to gain a better understanding of problems identified by patients as important to them (eg, body image, physical limitations and HRQL) via observational studies and to conduct measurement studies to determine the best way to measure outcomes related to these problems. All studies that use data from the SPIN Cohort for these purposes will be required to submit a proposal to the SPIN Data Access and Publications Committee (see below). This committee will ensure that all study designs are appropriate and that investigators adhere to a priori defined study and analysis plans.
Feasibility trials ] [13]  Data will be collected to review the process (eg, feasibility of steps that need to take place in the full-scale study), required resources (eg, time and budget), management issues (eg, related to optimising performance of personnel and data systems) and scientific aspects (eg, recruitment rates of eligible patients, acceptability of intervention to patients and assessing performance of outcome measures). For each intervention, semistructured interviews will be conducted with 15-20 randomly selected participants to assess the acceptability, utility and practicality of intervention components, and usefulness of proposed study outcome measures. Interviews will be conducted using established methods for qualitative process evaluation of trials as developed by Donovan et al.
ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The study will be conducted in compliance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki (2008) and other major ethical guidelines of participating sites, including Canada's Tri-Council Policy Statement (2010). In the cmRCT design, individuals consent to participate in a cohort for ongoing data collection and to allow their data to be used for comparison purposes with patients from the cohort who may be offered to participate in trials that are conducted within the SPIN Cohort. At the time of recruitment, written informed consent will be obtained. The local recruiting SPIN physician, or supervised nurse coordinator, will explain the nature and purpose of the Cohort and provide the participants with a copy of the consent and information sheet. Recruiting SPIN physicians will provide a description of SPIN and explain that agreeing to participate in the SPIN Cohort will involve (1) giving the physician or supervised nurse coordinator permission to complete the SPIN baseline Medical Data form, using information from the patient's medical record; (2) being contacted by email with instructions on how to complete SPIN patient measures via the internet at the time of enrolment and periodically going forward (every 3 months); (3) providing permission for their data to be used to select them for participation in trials or for comparison purposes for SPIN intervention trials that may be conducted while they are participating in the SPIN Cohort and (4) giving permission for SPIN investigators to contact them with an invitation to participate in SPIN interventions once developed.
Data management and security All data are entered into a centralised secure electronic data management system designed, managed and located at the Data Management Unit of the Centre for Clinical Epidemiology, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal Quebec, Canada. To protect the participants' privacy, before the recruiting SPIN physician at each centre enters the medical data, a unique patient identification number will automatically be assigned to each participant. Only de-identified data will be recorded in the database, with linking data available only to the SPIN Director. Only personnel authorised by the SPIN Director will be allowed to retrieve, enter or change data from the central database, and the database will be audited for any changes that are made.
All data will be kept for 10 years after completing the cohort study for ethical and scientific reasons. The SPIN Data Access and Publication Policy describes the procedures that will be used to ensure the scientific integrity of publications that emerge from SPIN. The policy ensures that responsibility and credit for SPIN publications as well as standard authorship requirements (eg, International Committee of Medical Journal Editors) are met. Proposals to conduct analyses using SPIN data must be submitted by a SPIN investigator for review to the Data Access and Publication Committee. The Committee will ensure that proposed analyses do not overlap with existing proposals and will review the proposed methods, in consultation with the SPIN Cores. It is anticipated that, at the appropriate time, access to SPIN data will be open to other investigators, consistent with the policies of the Canadian Institute of Health Research.
Study management SPIN was awarded a 5-year Emerging Team Grant for Rare Diseases from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research to fund the SPIN Cohort (Funding Reference Number TR3-119192; Principal Investigator, Brett D. Thombs; 2012-2017). In addition to this funding, SPIN has received institutional contributions from the Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research of the Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Canada, for database development and from McGill University, Montreal, Canada for student training. Previously, SPIN received funds from the Scleroderma Society of Canada, the Scleroderma Society of Ontario and Sclérodermie Québec for developmental work. SPIN's organisational structure is depicted in figure 3. The SPIN Steering Committee is responsible for review of the SPIN project direction and coherence, including being informed and advising on Cohort recruitment/ retention and intervention development, feasibility and full-scale testing of interventions; reviewing and approving proposals for SPIN publications; being informed of the financial well-being of the project; and helping to resolve administrative issues.
a consultant, steering committee member, or on speaker bureaus for Actelion,  BMS, Bayer, DIGNA, InterMUne ,  Gilead ,  Roche  and  United Therapeutics. SP has served as a consultant for  Pfizer ,  BMS  and  Sanofi-Aventis. BDT and MH are supported by New Investigator awards from the  CIHR. MDM and SA are supported by the  NIH/ NIAMS Scleroderma Center of Research Translation  grant no. P50-AR054144. DK is supported by a  NIH/NIAMS   U01 AR057936A , the  National Institutes of Health  through the  NIH   Roadmap for Medical Research Grant  ( AR052177 ). LK is supported by a  Fonds de la Recherche en Santé Québec (FRSQ)  postdoctoral fellowship. LJ, VD, KM and IR are supported by a  CIHR Doctoral Research award. BL is supported by a  FRSQ Master's Training award.
Are you planning on keeping archives of the movies? That's why we're hooked up with the Texas Moving Image. Right now it's only the winners that get their film digitized and archived with them. But in the future, there are things that can be done. It's all about finding a legal framework to be able to do it. But streaming the movies online for a couple of weeks after the festival is an idea. They do it here in the cable station. South by Southwest does it, so there are some options. The archive itself is a project of its own. I think we need to find grants and a couple of people cataloguing and doing a database, packaging everything but it's doable. And online, we need to build the archive back to at least have the list of films that have been showed over the years and when the competition started have winners.
The FEL pulses were focused onto a skimmed pulsed molecular beam that passed through the active region of a VMI spectrometer  [15]. In the present experiments, the VMI instrument was operated not in the VMI mode, but in a TOF mode. The potentials applied to the repeller and extractor electrodes of the VMI spectrometer created a 50 V cm -1 extraction field at the entrance of the 10 cm long VMI drift region, and thus guided the fragment ions towards a microchannel plate (MCP) + phosphor screen detector. A fast digitizer (Acqiris U1092) recorded the electron current at the phosphor screen via a capacitive coupling. A single waveform was recorded for each complete FEL bunch at a sampling period of 1 ns. In the first step of data analysis, this waveform was separated into single-shot waveforms corresponding to each individual FEL pulse in the bunch, which were subsequently used to construct the ion TOF spectra and covariance maps.
Another channel of the digitizer recorded the relative pulse energy of the individual FEL pulses, as measured by a photodiode. The digitized ion and photodiode waveforms were stored locally for each laser shot in a custom local memory address format. The absolute pulse energies and further FEL parameters, such as the bunch frequency and the wavelength, were recorded on a separate facility network. The extraction voltages used in the present experiment are rather low (on the order of 200 V) in order to spread the arrival times of the ions that were produced over several μs. However, these low extraction voltages lead to significant variation in the gain of the MCP detector with the charge state of the ion. Therefore, quantitative comparison of the N 2 data with calculations presented below requires corrections of the recorded ion signals for these variations.
Conclusions In conclusion, recording single-shot ion TOF spectra for the ionization of N 2 and I 2 molecules by intense XUV pulses at the FLASH FEL and a subsequent analysis of the data using a partial covariance mapping technique allows the extraction of momentum distributions for all significant Coulomb explosion channels. The comparison of the extracted data with simulations suggests that Coulomb explosion of N 2 molecules is well described by a model with two atoms moving on classical trajectories, and with minimal corrections for molecular effects. This suggests that N 2 molecules and their Coulomb explosion can be used as a robust tool for the assessment of unknown parameters of pulsed XUV sources, such as the light intensity in the focus and the pulse durations. In contrast, the case of I 2 presents a challenge, because multi-electron effects such as Auger decay and shake-up seem to be important.
Acknowledgments Portions of this research were carried out at the light source facilities FLASH at  DESY. DESY is a member of the  Helmholtz Association (HGF). We would like to thank  Rolf Treusch  for assistance in using beam line BL2 at FLASH. In addition we would like to thank the FLASH staff. KU is grateful to  Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan  for support of the X- Ray Free Electron Laser (XFEL) Utilization Research Project  and the  XFEL Priority Strategy Program. LJF thanks the  EPSRC, UK  (grants no. EP/F021232/1 ,  EP/F034601/1  and  EP/I032517/1 ). PJ would like to acknowledge the support of the  Swedish Research Council  and the  Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research. Financial support by the  Marie Curie Research Training Networks ATTOFEL  is gratefully acknowledged.
The preliminary narratives and SSP quantifications projections can be accessed at the narratives webpage at https://www. isp. ucar. edu/narratives-sspsworking-group and the SSP database at https://secure. iiasa. ac. at/web-apps/ene/SspDb. The quantification of the main SSP elements, associated narratives, and initial IAM scenarios are under development as of this writing. The new scenarios are being developed using a scenario matrix approach  (Van Vuuren et al. 2013 ) that provides the landscape within which a particular scenario can be located based on the state of human societies and ecological systems as described in the SSPs  (O'Neill et al. 2013) ; the degree of anthropogenic interference with the climate system (measured in terms of radiative forcing as described, for example, in the RCPs); and shared assumptions on mitigation and adaptation policies (Kriegler et al.
g. more rapid than expected technological changes or radical change in political landscapes). A conclusion from the 2011 Boulder meeting was the need for a larger set of scenarios to meet the range of research needs and the potential demands from operational decision-makers facing long-term choices (e. g. concerning infrastructure or urban development). The "best" scenarios to analyze a water management decision or an energy tax decision are unlikely to be the same. The selection of the most relevant scenarios to inform a given decisiona process sometimes referred to as scenario elicitationis at the heart of some decision-making methods (see  Rozenberg et al. 2013). We suggest building on existing scenario databases ((e. g. the Energy Modeling Forum (http://emf. stanford. edu/) or the Integrated Assessment Modeling Consortium database for the IPCC 5th Assessment Report (https://secure.
iiasa. ac. at/web-apps/ene/AR5DB/)) to create a sustainable multi-model database that will both contribute to the scenarios and facilitate the development of the next generation of scenarios. The database can be used to provide scenarios for a specific research question or operational use, as well as to provide a set from which to select the next generation of scenarios (see methodological options in  Schweizer and O'Neill 2013; Rozenberg et al. 2013). In particular, it would make it possible for various modeling groups to produce and share their scenarios ("let a thousand flowers bloom"). Development of a database also will facilitate discussions of how scenarios can be chosen in view of particular policy decisions. One such database has been established and hosts the draft quantitative socioeconomic and demographic projections of the SSPs (https://secure.
& Establish a timeline taking into consideration the likely needs of future international scientific assessments such as a possible IPCC Sixth Assessment Report. Now is an appropriate time to begin a longer-term iterative process for scenario development, creating a database of impact, adaptation, and mitigation studies that apply global, regional, and sectoral scenarios for use in decision-making and assessments, and deciding as a community on next steps in creating scenarios relevant for the widest possible climate change research community.
Over the past decade, the country has become an important "resource frontier" for transnational capital and large-scale land investments, raising concerns about the rates of deforestation and forest degradation  (Baird 2011). As a result, Laos is receiving marked attention from the international community and significant technical and financial support to develop and implement REDD+ mechanisms. The government of Laos has demonstrated its interest in REDD+ by establishing institutions such as a REDD+ taskforce and supporting REDD+ pilot projects funded by donors and international NGOs. The aim of this report is to provide information on how REDD+ has developed so far and to analyze the key socioeconomic and political processes, opportunities and constraints that are likely to affect the design and implementation of REDD+ in Laos.
3% between 1993 and 1997. The differences between the data sets can be attributed to difficulties in distinguishing between forested and non-forested land because of the topography (steep terrain), as well as subjectivity of interpretation, seasonal changes in forest cover, the time lag between the data sets and the use of images with different resolutions  (Watt 2010). EIA 2011 ). This pattern indicates points that are highly relevant for REDD+ and equity: that most deforestation is taking place in areas managed by central state agencies and therefore that these state agencies could be the primary potential beneficiaries from REDD+. Moreover, because of poor data sets and lack of up-to-date information, it is difficult to ascertain the true REDD+ potential of Laos nationally. The unreliability of these data sets mean they are inadequate for determining baselines.
REDD+ development in Laos is also being supported through bilateral and multilateral initiatives. Most recently, in November 2012, Laos was accepted as a partner country of the UN-REDD Programme, thus becoming eligible for targeted capacity building and financial support through UN agencies (UN-REDD 2012). Bilateral aid has made an important contribution to the development of REDD+ policy in Laos. The Climate Protection through Avoided Deforestation (CliPAD) program funded by the German Development Bank (KfW) has been particularly influential in facilitating the discussion and development of the national framework for REDD+ in Laos. This program, which was launched in January 2012, is operated through the Department of Forestry with technical support from GIZ and WCS. CliPAD has also engaged Lao academics from the Faculty of Forestry of the National University of Laos to review national legislation on forests, land tenure and land use.