dataesr/scientific-paragraphs-categorization huggingface dataset:
Analytical Methods Zircon separation was carried out at the University of Geneva. Rock samples were crushed and <400 µm sieved fractions were processed using a Wilfley shaking table, a Frantz magnetic separator and heavy liquids (methylene iodide) to extract zircons. Zircons grains were handpicked under a binocular microscope, mounted in epoxy, cut in half, and polished to expose their interior. In order to obtain the largest variety of grain types and minimize sampling bias, zircons were selected randomly without filtering for inclusion-free, fracturefree, core-free or transparent grains. All grains were subsequently imaged with cathodoluminescence (CL) on a JEOL CamScan scanning electron microscope (using a 10 kV accelerating voltage) at the University of Geneva (Fig. 3 ). U-Th-Pb isotopic data were obtained by laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICPMS) at the Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans of Clermont-Ferrand, France, using an Agilent 7500cs ICP-MS equipped with a dual pumping system to enhance sensitivity  (Paquette et al.
, 2014) , and interfaced to a Resonetics Resolution M-50 193 nm ArF Excimer laser system. Data were corrected offline for U-Pb fractionation and instrumental mass discrimination. These corrections and the determination of the U-Th concentrations were carried out by normalizing to the GJ-1 zircon standard  (Jackson et al. ,  2004). The 91500 zircon standard  (Wiedenbeck et al. , 1995) , was used as secondary standard to control the reproducibility and accuracy of the method. A C C E P T E D M A N U S C R I P T Lu-Hf isotope measurements were performed by laser ablation, multi-collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-MC-ICPMS) at the Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main (Germany) and the University of Geneva (Switzerland). All spots for Lu-Hf isotope analyses were placed "on top" of previous U-Pb dating spots, or alternatively within the same internal zircon domains as identified in CL images, exclusively where concordant U-Pb dates were obtained.
A C C E P T E D M A N U S C R I P T The age spectra and Hf isotopic data of zircons in the samples from the LGU and UGU show characteristic differences, which point to a different timing of pre-Variscan formation (Figs. 7, 8). The most prominent differences are that (i) samples from the UGU show evidence for an important episode of early Ordovician mafic magmatism and crustal partial melting at ca. The late Ediacaran magmatism strikingly dominates the inherited zircon record of the Velay granites TN01 and TN09 (Fig. 5 ) and is also most likely represented by the migmatitic augen orthogneiss present NW of the study area. Similar orthogneisses, locally migmatitic and exposed all around the Velay dome have been dated around the Ediacaran-Cambrian boundary (ca. 530-550 Ma) which confirms that they represent a widespread, self-consistent unit  (Be Mezeme et al.
, 2015; Garfunkel, 2015 and references therein). In many places, of which domains now adjacent to the EMC such as the Maures Massif and the eastern Pyrenees, the lack of a significant Cadomian-aged deformation, and the presence of bimodal magmatism with mantle (suprasubduction tholeiitic to calc-alkaline metabasite) and crustal (peraluminous metavolcanics/metagranitoids) affinities dated at ca. 560-540 Ma suggest that a large part of the Cadomian domain was undergoing crustal stretching (e. g. ,  Bellot et al. , 2010; Castiñeiras et al. , 2008; Garfunkel, 2015; Innocent et al. , 2003). Collectively these data are consistent with the emplacement of a widespread ca. 550 Ma-old granitic pluton or batholith within a large, late Ediacaran sedimentary sequence and is now mostly involved into Velay dome.
This basin was developed on unknown preexisting crust. In fact, our data provide no evidence for the existence of an autochthonous crust before the latest Ediacaran (ca. 550 Ma) 3. At ca. 550-545 Ma, the (meta)sedimentary rocks of the LGU underwent substantial melting, either during crustal stretching or back-arc inversion, resulting in the formation of Cadomian "S-type" granites. These granites were later transformed into widespread.
Acknowledgment We acknowledge fundings from the  CNRS/INSU  (Syster and PNP projects); the  European Commission  and the UJM through the  Campus France PRESTIGE program  to C. C. M. ; and the  Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst  (grant  A/13/70682 ) to  O. L. A. Gerdes ,  L. Marko  and  F. -X. d'Abzac  are greatly acknowledged for their skilled technical support during Hf isotope analyses. Urs Schaltegger  is thanked for permitting access to the  LA-MC-ICPMS lab at the University of Geneva. We are grateful to  J. Shaw ,  D. Avigad ,  C. Balica  and two anonymous reviewers of which comments contributed to significantly improve the clarity of this paper.
) in terms of urban freight. The MetroFreight [12] project (2013-. ) is a project conducted by a research consortium involving urban freight, besides the institutional partners, the cities of Paris, New York, Seoul and Los Angeles. Focus of the project is related to the analysis of economic, environmental and governance issues for urban freight partner's territories. The ANR-VD 2010-2014MODUM project [13] (Pooling and Optimization of Urban Transport of Freight) was interested in the functional and organizational study of the Urban Logistics Spaces (ULS) implementation and in particular Urban Distribution Centers (UDC) that appear as one of the most promising approaches for optimizing the delivery of freight by conventional route. These UDC basically allow better filling of vehicles, a reduction in kilometers traveled and thus a reduction of pollution.
However, the results obtained in practice on operational UDC in 2012 have not necessarily allowed proving that the cost involved in creating the CDU was completely compensated by the environmental savings. In this context, MODUM project purpose is to analyze, by simulation, the impact of the implementation of CDU and provide tools for the tactical and operational transport planning. The ANR-VBD ANNONA 2013 [14] project (Decision aid for developing sustainable urban logistics plans) is to create tools to evaluate policies to improve urban logistics. These tools are based primarily on creating a body of knowledge of best practices for urban logistics constructed from existing studies on freight transport in the city. The ANR 2014 TCDU project (Collaborative Transport in Urban Distribution) deals with the study of the synergy between the consolidation of logistics flows by the UDC and the consolidation of the flow through collaboration between different transports actors.
FCE CRISTAL project (2007 -2009)  managed by the company Lohr Industrie studied all aspects of the implementation of a self-service vehicle fleet. The study focused on the CRISTAL vehicle with an analysis of mobility management service, territorial impact, and the definition of a station. The ANR-VTT-SafePlatoon project (2011-2014)  [28]  aimed to study the problem of autonomous vehicle platoon considering applications in urban, agricultural and military. An important aspect of SafePlatoon project lies in the fact that the decision algorithms and control/command proposed were approved by proof tools and validated by simulation and deployed on actual vehicles.
Registered practices nurses were extensively trained and delivered this evidence-based care program, conducted a comprehensive geriatric assessment at home, developed a care plan in close collaboration with the GP and other health care professionals  (17). General practices in the third arm provided care as usual. In the current study, data was used of participants enrolled in the control group (N=805). Participants were recruited from 35 general practices located in and around Utrecht, the fourth city in the Netherlands, with over 300. 000 citizens. The electronic medical record (EMR data) from the general practitioner (GP) was screened for eligible participants, who had to be aged 60 years and over, and at least one of the following criteria: (1) a frailty index score using the accumulated deficit approach18 with a cutoff of >0.
20 19; (2) polypharmacy, defined as five or more different medications in chronic use ; (3) a consultation gap, defined as not having consulted the GP in the past three years, except for the yearly influenza vaccination. The frailty index was constructed according to the Rockwood-approach18 and consisted of a list of 50 items of International Classification of Primary Care (ICPC) and anatomic therapeutic chemical (ATC) codes  (18, 19). Exclusion criteria were living in a nursing home or assisted living facility, and terminal illness. Eligible older adults were invited and participated after written informed consent. Data were collected using questionnaires at baseline, six and twelve months after inclusion.
To specifically address this issue we: 1) investigated the composition, extent and spatial distribution of cellular infiltrates in electrophysiologically (EP)-defined ventricular zones in a swine model of post-MI re-entrant VT; 2) quantified the extent of vascularization in these regions; and 3) reconciled these data with the propensity for VT induction. EP MAPPING OF VT. Six weeks after coronary artery occlusion, MI pigs were subjected to a detailed left ventricular substrate map during sinus rhythm using an electroanatomic mapping system (CARTO XP, Biosense Webster, Diamond Bar, California) (Online Appendix). The bipolar voltage parameters to correlate histologically determined scar within the pig chronic infarct model were previously described  (21, 26).
As the EOL cells measured at ISE did receive unavoidable room temperature annealing during the transfer from the irradiation facility, their EOL data were corrected using annealing coefficients extracted from in-situ data. Table  3. Average LILT remaining factors measured at 3. 7% AM0, -150°C after 1MeV proton irradiation and stabilization at LILT. One issue is not completely understood, yet. Whereas the distribution of LILT cell performance at BOL is relatively narrow and corresponds to this one at standard AM0 conditions, EOL cell parameters both, after stabilization and room temperature annealing, exhibit a much wider spread that magnitude correlates with the irradiation fluence (Fig. 6 ). Furthermore, the observed dependence of this spread on the kind of particles (electrons or protons) suggests a dedicated role of particle scattering mechanisms and distribution of irradiation defects in the cell material.
We suggest to call these intuitive methods in the following "training-less" methods. The accuracy of these methods will be compared against other classical prediction methods, taking into account the time horizon of the prediction and the time granularity of the predicted data. The rest of the paper is structured as follow: firstly we describe the data used in this work, then the models we use in our irradiance forecasting benchmark and finally the results part shows a comparison of training-less methodologies against data-driven reference models.
Non-linear model: neural network model (ANN) ANN is the predominant method in the domain of time series forecasting. Indeed, the availability of meteorological historical data databases and the fact that ANN are data driven approaches capable of performing a non-linear mapping between sets of input and output variables make this modelling tool very attractive. An ANN with d inputs, m hidden neurons and a single linear output unit defines a nonlinear parameterized mapping from an input vector x to an output y given by the relationship exposed in equation (3) [18-21]: (3) Each of the m hidden units are related to the tangent hyperbolic function. The parameter vector governs the non-linear mapping and is estimated during a phase called training or learning phase. During this phase, the ANN is trained using the data set that contains a set of n input and output examples.
In addition, this filtering process allows to discard data with less precision as measurement uncertainties associated to pyranometers are typically much higher than ± 3. 0% for SZA > 80°. Note that for the sunrise and sunset, the prediction is also very difficult (mainly for the mountainous area due to mask effects) owing to the geographic shield. Make the time series stationary is a data transformation which is often needed before adjust parameters of AR or ANN models. Stationarity means that the statistical characteristics of the time series such as the mean and the autocorrelation structure are constant over time  [22]. In this survey, as the initial solar radiation series is not stationary, we used a clear sky model in view to obtain a stationary solar series without daily and yearly periodicities.
Parameters optimization has been conducted this time step for R, WW, Kini, Kgap, gap_error based on the minimization of the nRMSE. Kini, Kgap and gap_error have been set to respectively 0. 9, 0. 4 and 20. The value of R appears to be independent of the time step of the data set and we found the same value of 400 as for the one hour database. One the other hand, the WW appears to be strongly dependent of the database time step. The optimum WW value is much lower (10 hours instead of 300 hours) when using the one minute database as the model is much more sensitive to the change of meteorological thought the day. In that case the daily aspect is more important than the seasonal one. Some additional works will be conducted in order to combine these both aspects. The figure  6  presents the results of the Kalman filter for 3 typical days: sunny, partially cloudy and cloudy.
In contrast to batch estimation techniques, no history of observations and/or estimates is required. Kalman filter is applied here for short-term forecasting for both one hour and one minute data sets timestep. The presented approach presents interesting results as it allows to improve quasisystematically the order_1 prediction and Kalman model performances are, for one hour's horizons, Horizon (min) competitive with much more complicated models such as ANN which require both consistent historical data sets (at least 200 days) and computational resources (time consuming, Matlab toolboxes, etc. ). The optimized Kalman filter just required, to be fully operational, an historical database corresponding to the optimums WW identified: 300 h for a one hour data (seasonal influence) set and 10 h for a one minute data set (daily influence).
TEK stands in contrast to Scientiic/State Environmental/Ecological Knowledge (SEK) in that it does not aim for a single uniform or universalised understanding of the world. TEK has several strengths that compliment other forms of knowledge. People who have lived in an area for a long time tend to have deeper diachronic data, as opposed to the reliance placed on synchronic data found in SEK  (Gadgil et al. 1993: 155 ). An Indigenous group living in the same territory for long periods of time not only can draws on the biographical knowledge of the living members, but also on the stories and the things deemed worthy of communicating through many generations. Because of this depth, TEK gives a more luid understanding of what may make up a "baseline" for understanding the environment  (Usher 2000: 187).
Meanwhile, in 1997, Johnson presented a "prototype Windows-based mapping application with time iltering and a set of proposals for recording historical entities as time-stamped objects in GIS datasets"  (Johnson 2008: 33). This application is called TimeMap and has been used successfully for many projects, including the Interactive Macquarie Atlas of Indigenous Australia. TimeMap supports playback, zooming, timelines, and layers can be switched on and off  (Owens 2007). These atlases are still key tools for documenting spatiotemporal information for Indigenous peoples. Caquard et al. (2009) , have an excellent article on the Cyber-cartographic Atlas of Indigenous Perspectives and Knowledge of the Great Lakes Region in Ontario, Canada. The Atlas was developed to portray the interrelations between multiple forms of cultural expression, including artwork, traditional stories, historical, and linguistic data.
INTERACTING WITH SPATIO-TEMPORAL DATA/ VISUALISATION INTERFACES There are several standard operations that have come into play when dealing with spatio-temporal data visualisation. Users need the ability to focus on particular moments or spans of time (when). Users must be able to focus on particular locations (where), and users must be able to search for different activities or types of things (what). Added to these operations, one might add searching for individuals or groups involved in an event or activity (who), but this is often subsumed under 'what'. The irst of these three operations are those laid out in  Peuquet's (1994)  triad model. For existing datasets, the ability to search for features itting different descriptions requires a variety of search tools. In a fully functional GIS, this is accomplished by querying the associated attribute table, but in a visualisation environment, different widgets or tools may be set up for the task.
Cyclical or multi-cyclical timing and multiple constraints Of the four main natural rhythms of the annual cycle, lunar cycle, diurnal cycle, and tidal cycle, representations have only really been developed for seasonality, despite other cycles being of importance to Indigenous peoples, and to the species they depend on. A fully ledged visualisation for TEK spatiotemporal data should have support for the documentation and display of all four cycles. This is not easily accomplished with a standard linear Gregorian Calendar and 24 hour clock backbone. Support for astronomical data in the visualisation, like the localised timing and positions of Heliacal risings and solstices could be useful. Visualisation interfaces should also be customisable. Different cultures recognise different seasons, and lunar counts, and perceptions of how to keep track of the lunar cycle also vary.
Materials and Methods Patients were derived from a hospital database, which recorded all patients visiting the epilepsy outpatient clinic of Innsbruck Medical University, Austria. We included adult patients (18 years or older), who were seen between January 1, 1970 and December 31, 2010, with newly diagnosed epilepsy, and who were living in the province of Tyrol, Austria. Epilepsy diagnoses were established within 365 days of their first epileptic seizure (incidence cohort) and patients were included in this study on an intention to treat basis. ] [10]  Patient data were continuously recorded and updated since the 1970s whenever a patient visited the epilepsy outpatient clinic. All patients were seen by neurologists/epileptologists and diagnosed according to the International Classification of Epilepsies and Epileptic Syndromes.
Patients were followed until December 31, 2010. Patients in whom a brain tumor of any kind was the cause of epilepsy were excluded from the cohort. Deaths and their primary causes, as recorded on death certificates in International Classification of Diseases (ICD) codes, were established via probabilistic record linkage  12  to the national death registry in a retrospective manner. In Austria, the reporting physician can record only one cause of death on death certificates, and therefore secondary or contributing causes are not known. In accordance with Austrian law, informed patient consent was not sought for this retrospective database analysis. Statistical analyses were carried out with the software R (R Development Core Team, Vienna, Austria, 2015). Survival times were considered as right censored for those patients who were lost to follow-up or still alive on December 31, 2010.
Cohort Our cohort is derived from the database of an epilepsy outpatient clinic and therefore has the advantage of reliable, well-defined epilepsy diagnosis according to international classification systems. 11 In Austria, visits to outpatient departments of public hospitals are covered by medical insurance and free of any additional charges. More than 98% of the population is covered by such insurance. 19 All healthcare providers can refer to this service, as can patients themselves. The epilepsy outpatient department provides its services 5 days a week, and is the only specialized epilepsy unit in the area. This has led to a high recruitment rate in our facility, which presumably minimizes the bias toward more severe cases found in other hospital-based cohorts. 6, 8, 9 owever, there might be a slight overrepresentation of drug-resistant cases, which cannot be avoided in this setting.
Data Analysis Two different dependent measures were used: coordination score and decision time. Coordination score was a measure of the combined effectiveness of the responses made by the group of four players. To calculate this, we first had two experienced NJCAA baseball coaches watch the videos of the 7 ball trajectories (with no occlusion) and indicate which infielder they felt should attempt to field the ball assuming equal skills among all teammates. These assessments were highly consistent with the coaches producing the same response for all 7 trajectories 1. The coaches' choices were then used to assess the group response on each trial using the following scoring system: 3 points: Coaches' choice player goes for the ball, all bags covered by other players in the group. 2 points: Player other than coaches' choice goes for the ball, all bags covered by other players in group.
Partial response or stable disease were observed in the patient with a VHL mutation and five of the six evaluable patients with an SDHB mutation, suggesting that patients with cluster 1 disease might be better responders to antiangiogenic treatments than patients with cluster 2 tumours. These observations need to be confirmed in larger cohorts of patients and compared with appropriate placebo conditions. To that aim, the first randomized double blind phase II international multicentre study (the FIRSTMAPPP study) is currently ongoing and will hopefully enable such validations. The FIRSTMAPPP study is a randomized double-blind phase II international multicentre study that is evaluating the efficacy of sunitinib versus placebo in patients with progressive malignant PPGL (http://clinicaltrials.
gov/ct2/show/NCT01371201), and two nonrandomized phase II studies that are evaluating the response to sunitinib (https://clinicaltrials. gov/ct2/show/NCT00843037) and axitinib (https://clinicaltrials. gov/ct2/show/NCT01967576). Directly inhibiting HIF2α, instead of its targets like VEGF, appears to be a good strategy. Recently, two independent teams published the results of PT2399, a selective HIF-2 antagonist, in a preclinical model of clear cell renal carcinoma (ccRCC)  [64, 65]. Further studies are needed to evaluate if these new molecules will be effective in the PPGL field. Other pathways identified by "OMICs" approaches are promising candidates for precision medicine. Epigenetic alterations play major roles in establishing and maintaining aberrant gene expression profiles in cancer cells and in particular in the hypermethylated cluster M1 involving all PPGL with SDHx and FH mutations  [43].
Acknowledgments: Authors of this review received funding by the  Institut National du Cancer  and by the  Direction Générale de l'Offre de Soins  ( PRT-K 2014 ,  COMETE-TACTIC, INCa-DGOS_8663 ), the  Paradifference Foundation. A. Buffet received a financial support from  ITMO Cancer AVIESAN (Alliance Nationale pour les Sciences de la Vie et de la Santé, National Alliance for Life Sciences & Health)  within the framework of the  Cancer Plan.