dataesr/scientific-paragraphs-categorization huggingface dataset:
2. 1. 3 Yearbook of Italian Ecclesiastical Libraries: The Second ABEI Census (1995) In 1995 after only a few years, a second census, also promoted by ABEI, was launched. The basis for this second, larger census was a database of 5,563 library addresses, which saw the response of 2,156 entities, almost 40% of the entities surveyed. Among them, the valid questionnaires allowed the compilation of 1,469 forms. 7 These numbers are enough to understand the amount of work carried out by the Association; the printed census was complete, although it was certainly marked by time; the panorama of ecclesiastical libraries has now profoundly changed. Despite the amount of information reported (the number of expired libraries indicated was 514!), this is the most complete list; and the panorama of discontinued, transferred, merged or even simply readapted libraries has yet to be largely written.
The profiles, drawn up by the same National Office for Ecclesiastical Goods, were published in a volume; this is still the only list which was printed. It includes the data of 124 diocesan reference libraries. 8 It has and will have the merits of certifying, at the date of publication, the names, consistency, services and projects offered by this type of library. On the other hand, the character of 'reference' for diocesan libraries has yet to be developed; in fact, the network of regional or local ecclesiastical libraries, with their strategies and professionalism, has yet to be implemented.
3. 9 The Agreement on Bibliographic Description (  2006  This document made possible, in particular, the inclusion of the data of many ecclesiastical libraries into the 'Servizio Bibliotecario Nazionale' (National Library Service, SBN). 28 The Italian Episcopal Conference enabled 26 Notiziario  CEI, 5/2005, 166-182. 27  Notiziario  CEI, 11-12/2006, 457-463. 28  The 'Servizio Bibliotecario Nazionale' (SBN) is the network of Italian libraries promoted by the Ministry of Cultural Heritage, with the cooperation of regional administrations and universities. The libraries taking part in SBN are grouped together into local hubs including a variable number of libraries which manage all their services through automated procedures. The hubs are linked to the SBN Index system, core of the network; this ecclesiastical libraries to share useful tools and projects (Cei-Bib, BeWeb),29 guaranteeing the maintenance of their typological and managerial identity and, at the same time, making the communication of knowledge easier for librarians, scholars and institutions.
TCF4 haploinsufficiency by deletions, truncating variants or loss-of-function missense variants within the DNA-binding and protein interacting bHLH domain causes Pitt-Hopkins syndrome (PTHS). This neurodevelopmental disorder (NDD) is characterized by severe intellectual disability (ID), epilepsy, hyperbreathing and a typical facial gestalt. Only few aberrations of the N-terminus of TCF4 were associated with milder or atypical phenotypes. By personal communication and searching databases we assembled six cases with the novel, recurrent, de novo missense variant c. 1165C > T, p. (Arg389Cys) in TCF4. This variant was identified by diagnostic exome or panel sequencing and is located upstream of the bHLH domain. All six individuals presented with moderate to severe ID with language impairment. Microcephaly occurred in two individuals, epilepsy only in one, and no breathing anomalies or myopia were reported.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We thank the affected individuals and their families for participating in this study. This study makes use of data generated by the  DECIPHER community. A full list of centers who contributed to the generation of the data is available from https:// deciphergenomics. org/about/statsand via email from contact@deciphergenomics. org. Funding for the DECIPHER project was provided by  Wellcome Trust Centre. Open  access funding provided by  Inselspital Universitatsspital Bern.
Data We used individual women's recodes of the Demographic and Health Surveys (DHSs) that were collected in Asia, Africa and the Americas between years 2000 and 2020 and that included information on pregnancy intentions of all births that happened within a five-year period preceding the survey. We excluded surveys that collected data about ever-married women only. For each of the 60 countries covered by our analysis, we use the most recent DHS available. The list of surveys used and years in which they were collected, as well as regional groupings that follow the DHS classification of world regions, can be seen in Table  1. Our outcome variable is infant mortality, which is defined as a death of a child before the age of 12 months. In detailed histories of women of reproductive age, DHSs provide information about the date of birth, and if a child died, also their exact date of death, for all children ever born.
4. 9 years of education, on average, respectively) (not shown). We include a set of control variables that may vary between children born to the same mother. We derive variables that are available in DHSs and are known to be associated with both birth intention status and early-life mortality: mother's age at the time of birth, child's sex, and child's birth order  (Adetunji 1998; Boco 2014; Coffey and Spears 2021; Finlay et al. 2011; Hussain et al. 2000; Jiang et al. 2016; Kashyap and Behrman 2020; Rutstein 2000; Titaley et al. 2008; Uddin and Hossain 2011). Unfortunately, we were not able to control for all timeinvariant characteristics of interest, as comparative data are not always collected within the DHS program. For example, we have data only about current marital status; antenatal and postpartum visits are collected for the last pregnancy only; and information about breastfeeding practices is available only for children that are currently being breastfed.
By region, women tend to report fewer mistimed births in Central and West Asia (3. 4%) compared to other areas, whereas on average the lowest proportion of unwanted births were reported in West Africa (2. 7%). In all African regions, women tend to report births as unwanted much less frequently than as mistimed. Women in the Americas reported a relatively high proportion of both mistimed and unwanted births (>20%). The highest level of mistimed and unwanted births in our dataset is found in Namibia (~40%) and Bolivia (41. 7%), respectively. The lowest levels were found in Timor-Leste (2. 4% for mistimed births) and Kyrgyzstan (0. 2% for unwanted births) (Table  1 ). Figure  2  shows the percentage of births in our analytic sample where the infant died before their first birthday, by birth intentions status.
When applicable, a last observation carried forward (LOCF) was implemented in the ITT population analysis to replace missing parameter values for all those subjects who did not present a data value at week 18. The LOCF imputation was defined as follows: the last (looking at date/time) non-missing postbaseline scheduled visit value during the double-blind treatment period was carried forward and used for all subsequent visits where the value was missing. A Shapiro-Wilk test was performed to test normality. Data that did not follow the normal distribution were transformed on the natural logarithmic scale for analysis and estimates of differences between treatment groups were back-transformed to provide relative effects. Changes from baseline to week 18 were assessed with an analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) model.
Study design and participantsThis was a phase 2, multi-centre, double-blind, placebocontrolled, randomized, parallel groups study (EudraCT number: 2013-001539-35) conducted at 9 centres in 3 countries (4 centres in Hungary, 2 centres in Latvia and 3 centres in Romania). This study was approved by the Independent Ethics Committee of each country according to national regulations and was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles of the Declaration of Helsinki, as well as with the International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) Note for Guidance on Good Clinical Practice (GCP; ICH Topic E6, 1996) and all applicable local regulatory requirements. Subjects had given written informed consent before any study-related activities.
1 | 1 Study design and participantsThis was a phase 2, multi-centre, double-blind, placebocontrolled, randomized, parallel groups study (EudraCT number: 2013-001539-35) conducted at 9 centres in 3 countries (4 centres in Hungary, 2 centres in Latvia and 3 centres in Romania). This study was approved by the Independent Ethics Committee of each country according to national regulations and was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles of the Declaration of Helsinki, as well as with the International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) Note for Guidance on Good Clinical Practice (GCP; ICH Topic E6, 1996) and all applicable local regulatory requirements. Subjects had given written informed consent before any study-related activities.
Tick, tock, aging clocks and biomarkers of aging A rapidly emerging method to study the aging process are aging clocks. Clocks can be trained on datasets extending from single cell -omics, movement data and blood parameters, to survey-based data and psychological factors. Anne Brunet, Stanford, USA, presented a single-cell RNA-seq based clock that can accurately predict chronological age across the neural stem cell niche and is very cell type specific. The clock is driven by cell-specific genes and it can be used to test rejuvenation interventions (unpublished). Furthermore, Alex Trapp, Harvard Medical School, USA, introduced the first single cell epigenetic clock that allows the aging process to be dissected in specific cell types. Additionally, an extension of the method called shallow sequencing decreased the sequencing cost compared to current deep epigenetic sequencing, while maintaining the accuracy  [44].
The transition from preclinical to clinical studies remains a challenging and protracted process. Andrea Maier, National University of Singapore, Singapore, stressed the need for an unbiased standardized characterization and reporting of research outcome in the form of a minimum required dataset and trial networks to combat the poor transition currently seen. Additionally, she suggested drug repurposing as a relatively cheap and faster way for new age-related treatments  [59, 60]. The great benefit of drug repurposing was also highlighted by Nir Barzilai, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, USA, who studies the repurposing of FDA approved drugs such as metformin and canagliflozin  [61]. As aging is not currently recognized as a disease by the FDA, drug repurposing is an invaluable tool  [62].
Different software for collecting the results in between the same hospitals or among them is not a limitation, if the data are harmonized within a common data model. They set up of a data warehouse environment on VBHC in each hospital, taking into account that process indicators and general care information (electronic medical record) need to be linked to clinician-reported outcome measures and PROMs. Another fourth area is (4) actively using short-term and long-term outcomes for clinical decisions and for improving care, with the aim for a patient-centric approach. Cultural change toward actively using the PROMs and PREMs with the patients and enabling shared decision-making tools is mandatory to grasp significant patient-centered care. Although cultural change is probably one of the most difficult to achieve, a potential approach could be to show the new solution's value for each stakeholder group, including patients and providers.
Phase 2: Preparation of Each Clinical Pathway (CFIR Domain: Process) This phase includes the steps to prepare the team for starting a new working model and for measuring the baseline situation of the costs, team culture, and patient experience before implementing VBHC. The main actors in this phase are the members of the CST. We recommend ensuring leadership and multidisciplinary participation, including physicians, nonphysician health professionals, porters, administrative staff, social care, business intelligence/data managers, pharmacists, and professionals with an economic background, but also collaborations between different disciplines/clinics, for example, in specific meetings such as tumor boards and rehabilitation team meetings. Hospitals should choose leaders and some should sign an agreement of commitment between the clinical lead and the organization.
The implementation needs the commitment and action of many actors of the healthcare system, beyond the hospital itself. Clinical teams and patients must have access to the data for making changes at the point of care and discuss the decision with patients. The hospital cannot change the payment system itself, but can either test different models to convince the payer or get prepared to face the model of the change when it comes. It is important to understand that implementing VBHC should be based on an iterative process including evidence and a continuous self-learning process to achieve the maximum patient-relevant medical benefits (outcomes) and minimize the costs. Several challenges have been identified by the task force members at different stages of the iterative consensus process. A cumulative list of them is presented in Table  1.
Although a considerable number of these challenges refers to a lack of understanding and acceptance of the VBHC concept, some of them highlight the need for data to be available to prove the effectiveness of the measures to generate the necessary evidence. Access to standardized outcome data might be a key element in the transition toward VBHC. Accordingly, it could be more practical to start the process through a well-designed pilot to evaluate risks and opportunities on real-life circumstances. It is recommended to embed the pilot as much as possible in generic systems of the whole hospital and let them grow/mature together, because scaling up the VBHC journey is completely dependent on this balance. Starting the pilot in a selected health condition or pathway where better circumstances are available (eg, motivated clinical lead and engaged team) could be the way to initiate a proper understanding of the process and how it can be implemented, although it might not reveal at the beginning all challenges that might be encountered.
Acknowledgment: The authors acknowledge and are grateful for the valuable contribution of external organization experts:  Michele Van Der Kemp -Expert on Value-Based Health Care Strategy and Tactics , The Netherlands:  Implementation Muir Gray -Professor  and Executive Director at  Oxford Centre for Triple Value Healthcare, UK Gregory Katz -Chaired professor of Innovation and Value in Health at University of Paris School of Medicine, and President of the Consortium VBHC France Ingeborg Griffioen -Industrial designer at Panton Medical design Agency, The Netherlands -Patient Journeyservice design Mona Krichen -Director of the Organizational transformation engineering department. Agence Nationale d'Appui À la Performance, France Stéphanie Aftimos -Lean Black Belt -Agence Nationale d'Appui À la Performance, France.
Materials and Methods In this retrospective study, individuals were recruited from the GENOMIT/PerMim collaborative research project. Inclusion criteria were biallelic variants in MDH1, MDH2, GOT2, SLC25A12, SLC25A13 or MPC1 classified as (likely) pathogenic according to the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG, Bethesda, USA) guidelines  [21]. Further eligible individuals were identified via literature review (PubMed search with restriction to the English language completed October 2021). If individuals were published previously, the respective authors were contacted for an update. If this was not received, only published data were included. All (de-identified) data were retrieved retrospectively via case report forms. Additionally, a written case report, MRI and magnetic resonance spectroscopies (MRS) were requested.
All available MRIs were reviewed by the same investigator (E. B. ). The MRS acquisition and analysis in the individual AGC1-1 is detailed in the Supplementary Materials. No literature review for SLC25A13 was performed as the treatment is well established and the data and their analysis would go beyond the scope of this article (for review see  [11, 22] ). Functional characterization of the AGC1 variants in patients AGC1-2/3 by measuring transport capacity and for AGC1-5, western blot analysis was performed in patient-derived fibroblasts (see Supplementary Materials).
The remaining three individuals (AGC1-2/3/9) had only one ASM tried but did not become seizure-free. Description of seizures/epilepsy was available in 10 individuals. Seizures were focal in origin with variable semiology (apnoea (4/10), tonic (3/10), clonic (4/10), tonic-clonic (3/10), myoclonic (2/10), seizures with odd laughter (2/10)); clusters of seizures (1/10), or status epilepticus (4/10) were reported as well. Abbreviations: HGMD = Human Gene Mutation Database, ACMG = American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics, DM = disease causing mutation, PTH = pathogenic, LPTH = likely pathogenic. Abbreviations: + positive effect, ++ striking positive effect; -negative effect, -striking negative effect, 0 = no effect, ↓ = decrease, ↑ = increase, FU = follow up, m = month(s), n/r = not reported, n/a= not applicable, neo = neonatal, † = deceased, LFT = liver function test, L = lactate, n = normal.
AGC1-1 showed initially normal and later, elevated lactate (Table  5 ). Basal ganglia voxel positions and corresponding MR spectra acquired at an age of 3 months (left) and 1 year 9 months (middle), before introduction of classical KD (cKD), and at 3 years 4 months (right), after 18 months on the cKD. MRS data were analysed with LCModel, a fully automated spectral fitting package, which models each in-vivo spectrum as the linear combination of known basis spectra from a standard set of metabolites (see Supplementary Materials for more information). For each spectrum, the raw MRS data are depicted in black and the LCModel fit is overlaid in red. The residuals between the fit and the data are plotted above each spectrum. Using the standard basis set, a peak is seen in the residuals at 3. 6-3.
Though much less impressively, also muscle tone and motor abilities improved. The individuals were more alert, but communicative skills remained very basal and developmental impairment was still severe to profound. The data we collected on previously unreported cases were in agreement with the previously published data. In MPC1-deficiency, we report for the first time a beneficial clinical course on KD. Additionally, the efficacy against epilepsy was paramount, while, besides more alertness and social interaction, no clear-cut improvement of development was seen. In addition, we can show that the liver dysfunction in one individual (AGC1-1) improved rapidly and normalised about 6 months after the introduction of KD, which might be a hint that the liver dysfunction was a direct consequence of the metabolic defect.
Acknowledgments: The authors gratefully acknowledge Roland Kreis for providing a simulated basis set for glycerol for the MRS analysis. Several author(s) (J. A. M. , J. S. , K. S. , S. B. W. ) of this publication are (affiliated) members of the European Reference Network for Rare Hereditary Metabolic Disorders (MetabERN)-Project ID No 739543. Open Access Funding by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF).
Objectives: To explore and analyse factors that facilitate and inhibit the initiation and functioning of a national and transnational Community of Practice (CoP) for health policy and systems (HPS) and Reproductive, Maternal, Newborn, Child and Adolescent Health (RMNCAH) in West Africa and to identify lessons for CoP interventions in similar multilingual low and middle-income contexts. Design: A case study, with the case defined as processes, enablers and barriers to the initiation and functioning of a national and transnational CoP for HSP and RMNCAH in West Africa and drawing on a review and analysis of secondary data from the program, workshop, country team and project reports, and training sessions. Setting: The Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS). Participants: Professionals from two Anglophone (Ghana and Sierra Leone) and four Francophone (Burkina Faso, Cote d'Ivoire, Niger e Senegal) ECOWAS countries.
METHODS Study Design and Sampling The study design was a social science case study drawing on a review of secondary sources of data in our analysis. The case was defined as 'processes, facilitators and barriers to establishing multiple country level and a single transnational CoP in West Africa'. Data sources included program implementation and monitoring, workshop, country team and project reports. Social science case study design is useful for answering research questions and objectives when the boundaries between the phenomenon being studied and its real-life context are blurred. 26 The CoP involved complex social processes, participants from different disciplines, sectors, languages, systems and institutions, and to understand its functioning required a study design that enabled an exploration of multiple perspectives, experiences and interactions.
Two co-primary endpoints will be tested at 6 months: a bleeding co-primary endpoint (bleeding academic research consortium [BARC] ≥2 bleeding beyond 14 days or after hospital discharge, whichever is later [superiority hypothesis]) and a thrombo-embolic co-primary endpoint (the composite of all-cause death, myocardial infarction, definite/probable stent thrombosis or ischaemic stroke [non-inferiority hypothesis]). The trial is registered at clinicaltrials. gov (NCT02594501).
Study design The Randomized Trial of COBRA PzF Stenting to REDUCE Duration of Triple Therapy (COBRA-REDUCE) is a multicentre, prospective, randomized, parallel-group, open-label, assessor-blinded clinical trial conducted at 62 sites in the United States and Europe. The event adjudication committee is blinded to treatment allocation. The planned enrolment of 996 patients is complete: the first patient was enrolled in February 2016 and the last patient was enrolled in May 2020. The trial is sponsored and financed by CeloNova BioSciences Inc. San Antonio, TX, USA. The co-ordinating centre (ISAResearch Center, Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Munich, Germany) is responsible for project management, management of safety events, data management, and the angiographic core lab. The trial protocol was written by the principal and co-principal investigators (AK and RAB), in association with the steering committee.
Discontinuation of study participation Individual trial participants have the right to discontinue study participation at any time. Reasons may include an active patient decision (drop-out), investigator-initiated factors, or loss to follow-up. In case of drop-out, no further data will be collected. Data available at the time of discontinuation will be used for final analysis. If a patient misses a follow-up visit and data cannot be obtained for the scheduled followup, it will be considered a "missed visit". All efforts will be made to contact the patient at the next scheduled follow-up. At least 3 attempts, per scheduled visit, should be made to contact the patient through all available routes. A patient will be considered "lost to follow-up" only after their last scheduled follow-up visit.
Data collection and management Data are collected at each clinical site and stored in the eCRF. Research coordinators will perform primary data collection on sourcedocumented hospital chart reviews. Angiographic images are sent to the angiographic core lab. Data management activities are conducted by the ISAResearch Center and the Institut für Herzinfarktforschung (IHF), Ludwigshafen, Germany. IHF is responsible for creating and maintaining the studyspecific database, the data management, validation and export plans, and annotated CRFs. All IHF data is protected by firewalls, backups, virus protection software and user access management. All data will be transferred with SSL encryption standard and stored on an IHF server.