dataesr/scientific-paragraphs-categorization huggingface dataset:
Patients' samples A total of 113 patients with a diagnosis of de novo AML including 42 CN-AML were enrolled into the study approved by the Institutional Review Board of the Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University. The diagnosis and classification of the patients were based on the revised 2008 World Health Organization (WHO) criteria  [23]. Clinical features of the patients were showed in Table  1. Treatment protocol for AML patients was described previously  [24]. A total of 9 AML patients achieved complete remission (CR) after induction therapy together with 24 healthy donors were also included. Follow-up data was obtained in 94 patients ranging from 1 to 58 months with a median of 7 months. Bone marrow (BM) were collected form all the patients and participants after written informed consents were obtained.
Statistical analyses Statistical analyses were performed using the SPSS 20. 0 software package. Mann-Whitney's U test was carried to compare the difference of continuous variables between two groups. Pearson Chi-square analysis or Fisher exact test was employed to compare the difference of categorical variables. Correlation analysis between NKD2 expression and prognosis was performed by Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox regression analysis. Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) and area under the ROC curve (AUC) were used to assess the value of NKD2 expression in discriminating AML patients from controls. For all analyses, a two-tailed P<0. 05 was defined as statistically significant.
178) time than those with high NKD2 expression. We further performed Cox regression analysis to determine the prognostic value of NKD2 expression in CN-AML patients. Multivariate analysis including variables [WBC (≥30×10 9 /L vs. <30×10 9 /L), age (>60 vs. ≤60 years old), gene mutations (mutant vs. wild-type), and NKD2 expression (high vs. low)] with P<0. 20 in univariate analysis, and disclosed that low NKD2 expression and WBC were independent risk factor in OS but not LFS analyses among CN-AML patients (Table  2  and 3 ). Furthermore, the prognostic impact of NKD2 expression was also confirmed by gene expression profiling (GEP) data (accession number GSE12417, http://www. ncbi. nlm. nih. gov/geo/) from two independent cohorts of adult CN-AML patients published by Metzeler et al using the online web tool Genomicscape (http://genomicscape.
Acknowledgements This work was supported by  National Natural Science foundation of China  under Grant ( 81270630 ,  81172592 ),  Science and Technology Special Project in Clinical Medicine of Jiangsu Province  under Grant ( BL2012056 ), 333  Project of Jiangsu Province under Grant  ( BRA2013136 ),  Six Talent Peaks Project in Jiangsu Province  under Grant ( 2015-WSN115 ),  Science and Technology Infrastructure Program of Zhenjiang  under Grant ( SS2012003 ),  Social Development Foundation of Zhenjiang  under Grant ( SH2014086 ,  SH2014044 ,  SH2015058 ),  Clinical Medical Science, Development Foundation of Jiangsu University  under Grant ( JLY20140018 ),  Key Medical Talent Program of Zhenjiang City.
One potential beneficial effect of ASC enrichment is the maintenance of a longer-term graft volume. Our data indicated that PRP promotes ASC proliferation, as previously reported, while also inhibiting ASC adipogenic differentiation. We speculate that this phenomenon observed ex vivo could participate in maintaining a pool of undifferentiated ASCs to enable adipocyte renewal when PRP growth factors are resorbed. Here, we showed that PRPs had an effect on the ASCs derived from the pubis fat pad from a 4 month-old child, and on ASCs derived from chin and knee adipose tissues from a 72 year-old female subject. We also observed PRP effects on ASCs derived from chin-and knee-fat depots from two 61 year-old female subjects of and one 46 year-old female subject (not shown). The effects of PRP on other sources of cells used for autologous fat grafting, such as thigh, hip, and abdominal fat pads, have yet to be analyzed, but it is tempting to propose that PRP effects are age-and fat depot-independent.
Cells were mounted in Mowiol containing Hoechst, and visualized with an Axiovert microscope (Carl Zeiss, Le Pecq, France) under oil immersion. Images were taken on a Zeiss Axio Observer microscope with a EC Plan Neofluar 40X (NA 1. 3) oil objective using AxioVision 4. 8. 2 software and captured using AxioVision software (Zeiss).
urine osmolality and urine specific gravity decreased from 591 ± 206 to 364 ± 117 mOsm/kg (p < 0. 001) and from 1. 016 ± 0. 005 to 1. 010 ± 0. 004 (p < 0. 001), respectively. Conclusions At baseline, circulating levels of copeptin were positively associated with 24-h urine concentration in healthy young subjects with various fluid intakes. Moreover, this study shows, for the first time, that increased water intake over 6 weeks results in an attenuation of circulating copeptin. Clinical Trial Registration Number NCT02044679.
Materials and methods This prospective study was conducted at a single investigating center (Biotrial, Rennes, France) according to the ethical principles stated in the revised version of the Declaration of Helsinki  [21]. This is a secondary analysis of data from a study whose primary purpose was to investigate the equivalence between spot and 24-h urinary hydration biomarkers  [22]. All subjects provided written informed consent and the study was approved by the local Ethics Committee of Nancy, France (Comité de Protection des Personnes Est-III, Nancy, France). The study was registered on clinicaltrials. gov (NCT02044679). Subjects were recruited between October 2013 and February 2014, and study data were collected between October 2013 and March 2014. This study was carried out in free-living subjects who agreed to refrain from intensive physical activity during the study period (from the screening visit until the end of study).
, Norwood, MA, USA). U SG was measured with a refractometer (Pen Urine S. G. , Atago Ltd. ). P Cop concentration was measured in a single batch with a sandwich immunoassay (B. R. A. H. A. M. S. Copeptin US Kryptor; Thermo Scientific, Germany). Urine creatinine concentration (U Creat ) was measured using a kinetic modification of the Jaffe procedure using a Unicel DxI 600 (Beckman Coulter Inc. , Fullerton, CA, USA). The data are expressed as mean ± SD for continuous variables or median with the 25th and 75th percentiles for nonparametric values (P Cop ). To evaluate baseline relationships between P Cop and total fluid intake (TFI), P Osm , 24-h U Osm , U SG , or U Creat , two linear regression mixed models were calculated: (1) non-adjusted (Model 1); (2) adjusted for age, sex, smoking, and BMI (Model 2).
The first simulation is the full hydrodynamic run Aq-C-4 in  [1]  ("Hydro" run hereafter), while the second one is a control DM-only simulation of the same halo (from now on, the DMO run)  [57]. Both these simulations use the initial conditions of the halo C of Aquarius Project  [61]  (hereafter AQ08) at resolution level 4 (see table  1  for details). While the DMO simulation models only gravitational interactions of the DM component, the Hydro case is equipped with a comprehensive galaxy formation physics model largely based on the Illustris simulation  [1, 24]. This model includes the most important physical processes for galaxy formation and its main constituents are: (i) a module for radiative cooling of the gas; (ii) a subgrid description of the interstellar medium and star formation out of the dense gas (n ∼ 0.
Given the significant improvement of this new dataset, we can provide precise predictions for the detection of DM SHs in an energy range that will be of particular interest for the future Cherenkov Telescope Array observatory  [54]  (see also ref. [53] ). Operationally, we generate gamma-ray maps of the emission of DM SHs at different latitudes and for different DM channel and masses. We then run the typical detection pipeline in the Binned Likelihood case of the Fermi -LAT Science Tools 6  , which includes running the gtselect, gtmktime, gtbin, gtsrcmap and finally gtlike tools. For each DM annihilation channel, DM mass and latitude we derive the flux for which TS=25: this represents the sensitivity flux for that particular DM SH configuration. We note that the uncertainty on the SH flux threshold (also for very bright SHs) depends on the specific run of the Fermi -LAT Science Tools and can vary within a factor of about 20%.
Sensitivity to dark matter fluxes for the 3FGL catalog setup In the case of the 3FGL catalog setup we consider 4 years of data (from 2008 August 4, to 2012 July 3) and the energy range 0. 1 -300 GeV. As done in the 3FGL catalog, in order to reduce the contamination from the Earth limb, events with zenith angles larger than 100 • are excised. We simulate the interstellar emission model (IEM) using gll iem v05 rev1. fit, the isotropic template using iso source v05. txt and DM SHs at different longitudes and latitudes in the sky. We vary the DM mass between 8 GeV and 10 TeV. We adopt 10 logarithmic bins and a region of interest (ROI) with a radius of 15 • around each DM SH, dividing it in spatial bin with size of 0. 2 × 0. 2 deg 2. We aim at finding a DM SH flux for different position in the Galaxy, DM mass and annihilation channel, and derive the relation between this flux and the SH TS.
Acknowledgments We acknowledge fruitful discussions with  G. Bertone ,  D. Schoonenberg ,  Q. Zhu ,  H. S. Zechlin ,  S. Palomares-Ruiz ,  E. Charles  and  M. Wood. We also thank  V. Springel  for comments on the manuscript. FC acknowledges partial support (for the initial stages of this work) from the  European Research Council  through the  ERC starting grant WIMPs Kairos ,  P. I. G. Bertone. VDR acknowledges support by the  Spanish MINECO  through the project  FPA2012-31880  (P. I. Enrique Alvarez Vazquez ) and partial support from the  EU 's  Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme  under the  Marie Sklodowska-Curie  grant agreements No  690575  and No 674896. MDM acknowledges support by the  NASA   Fermi Guest Investigator Program 2014 through the Fermi multi-year Large Program  N.
Objectives: To evaluate the efficacy of anidulafungin for the treatment of candidaemia and invasive candidiasis in a large dataset, including patients with deep-seated tissue candidiasis, neutropenia and infection due to nonalbicans Candida species. Methods: Data were pooled from six prospective, multicentre, multinational studies: four open-label, non-comparative studies of anidulafungin and two double-blind, double-dummy, randomized studies of anidulafungin versus caspofungin (clinical trial registrations: NCT00496197, NCT00548262, NCT00537329, NCT00689338, NCT00806351 and NCT00805740; ClinicalTrials. gov). In all studies, patients with culture-confirmed invasive candidiasis received a single intravenous (iv) loading dose of anidulafungin 200 mg on day 1, followed by 100 mg once-daily. Switch to oral fluconazole or voriconazole was permitted after 5-10 days of iv treatment in all studies except one.
The registration trial of anidulafungin versus fluconazole enrolled too few patients in these groups to generate meaningful data regarding efficacy and excluded patients with C. krusei infections  15  (which are intrinsically resistant to fluconazole), thus highlighting the need for additional studies in these patients. In this analysis, patient-level data from six studies were pooled to assess the efficacy of anidulafungin in a large dataset, including patients with deep-seated tissue candidiasis, neutropenia and infections due to C. krusei and other non-albicans Candida species.
Study design and treatment Data were pooled from six prospective, multicentre, multinational studies of patients with culture-proven candidaemia or invasive candidiasis (NCT00496197, NCT00548262, NCT00537329, NCT00689338, NCT00806351, NCT00805740):  [16] [17] [18] [19]  four open-label, non-comparative studies, and two double-blind, double-dummy, randomized studies. The studies had similar study protocols and endpoints (Table  S1 , available as Supplementary data at JAC Online). Patients received intravenous (iv) anidulafungin 200 mg on day 1 followed by 100 mg once-daily. In all studies except one, treatment could be switched to oral fluconazole or voriconazole after 5 or 10 days of iv treatment. Antifungal treatment (iv plus oral if used) was maintained for 14 days after the last positive Candida culture.
Key inclusion criteria The pooled analysis included data from adult patients with cultureconfirmed candidaemia (positive blood culture) or invasive candidiasis (positive culture for Candida species from a normally sterile site, or newly placed drain in a normally sterile site, with or without a positive blood culture for Candida species) obtained within 96 h prior to the initiation of treatment. Patients could enter studies based on microbiological evidence suggestive of Candida infection (e. g. positive blood or tissue specimen culture positive for yeast); however, confirmation of Candida species was required within 96 h to remain in the study. Patients were required to have clinical signs and symptoms of systemic Candida infection, such as: fever, hypothermia or hypotension within 48 h before starting treatment; localized signs and symptoms of inflammation at a site infected with Candida species; or radiological findings suggestive of invasive candidiasis.
Objectives/study endpoints The purpose of the analysis was to determine the efficacy of anidulafungin for the treatment of candidaemia and invasive candidiasis in a large dataset, including patients with deep-seated tissue candidiasis, neutropenia and infections due to C. krusei and other non-albicans Candida species. The ITT population comprised all patients who received 1 dose of anidulafungin and was used for the safety analysis. The modified ITT (mITT) population comprised all patients in the ITT population with candidaemia/ culture-confirmed invasive candidiasis who received 1 dose of anidulafungin, and was used for the efficacy analysis.
Statistical analysis No hypotheses for efficacy endpoints were tested. Success rates for global response were estimated with 95% CIs for binomial proportion using the Clopper-Pearson method. In the efficacy analysis, indeterminate or missing data were considered failures. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify independent predictors significantly related to failures. The following continuous variables were included in the model: age, weight and baseline APACHE II score. Dichotomous variables were: neutropenia; sex; broad-spectrum antibiotic use; central venous catheter use; ICU stay 4 days; total parenteral Anidulafungin in invasive candidiasis JAC nutrition; surgery or abdominal surgery; mechanical ventilation; renal insufficiency/failure/dialysis; use of systemic steroids or other immunosuppressive agents; chemotherapy; and presence of multiple baseline pathogens.
1 The results of this analysis show that anidulafungin had a success rate of 77. 5%, comparable with that observed in patients with infection due to C. albicans. The efficacy of anidulafungin in patients with infections due to different non-albicans Candida species was similar to that of caspofungin in a pooled analysis. 32 C. krusei is intrinsically resistant to fluconazole, and echinocandins appear to be the most active against this important pathogen. 33, 34 In the anidulafungin registration trial the patients infected with C. krusei had to be excluded because fluconazole was used as comparator. 15 The present dataset is the largest to provide prospectively collected information on the efficacy of anidulafungin against C. krusei. We demonstrate for the first time that anidulafungin is effective for the treatment of patients with infection due to C.
krusei with a success rate of 73. 7% at EOivT and where 42. 1% of patients were neutropenic. In addition, the present study reports on the largest prospectively collected set of patients with infection due to C. glabrata, which may exhibit resistance to both azoles and echinocandins. 35 We demonstrate a success rate of anidulafungin of 78. 8%, which is not significantly different from that for C. albicans infections in the same pooled dataset. AEs were mostly mild or moderate in severity, and consistent with the known safety profile of anidulafungin in adult patients with invasive candidiasis/candidaemia, with no new safety concerns identified. Limitations to this analysis were that four studies were open label and conducted at various sites and centres, and at different times. In addition, the two double-blind, double-dummy, randomized studies of anidulafungin versus caspofungin included in the present analysis have not been peer-reviewed and published previously.
Furthermore, this was a post hoc analysis. In conclusion, response to anidulafungin in this large dataset of patients with invasive candidiasis/candidaemia was consistent with previously reported data, supporting registration trial findings. Anidulafungin is effective for the treatment of invasive candidiasis/ candidaemia (including deep-seated tissue candidiasis), infections in patients with neutropenia and infections due to non-albicans Candida species.
NeuroHeal  7. NeuroHeal was discovered using unbiased proteomic data from two models that represented pure regenerative and pure neurodegenerative conditions after nerve or RA injuries, respectively. The data served to build bona fide state-specific molecular maps and mathematical models of this human biological system that allowed us to screen databases of drugs to identify putatively neuroprotective combinations. NeuroHeal is a combination of FDA-approved drugs. Results presented here evaluating NeuroHeal in a preclinical model demonstrate the promise of this coadjuvant agent for the clinical treatment of root and plexus injuries.
Statistical analysis. All values are presented as means ± standard error of the mean (SEM). Statistical analyses were performed using GraphPad Prism 5 software by unpaired t-tests or two or one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Bonferroni's multiple comparison tests. CMAP apparition was analyzed using the Mantel-Cox test, being each CMAP an event. A p value of 0. 05 was taken to indicate significant difference.
Acknowledgements This work was mainly supported by the  Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad of Spain  (# SAF 2014-59701 ). We are also grateful for support from CIBERNED and TERCEL. The  RT97 ,  CSPG , and SYT1 antibodies were obtained from the  Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank developed  under the auspices of the  NICHD  and maintained by the  University of Iowa, Department of Biology.
Examples In this section, we present a few results obtained with RORPO. The reader should note that we plotted the directional feature only inside the curvilinear structures. When the ground truth of the curvilinear structures is not available, one may consider the directional feature only inside a threshold of the intensity feature. We applied RORPO on a synthetic image containing both curvilinear and blob-like structures, and on two real images: a retinal image of the Drive database  [15]  and an image of surface fissures from very-high resolution aerial images  [12, 16]. The results are shown in Figures  7, 8  and 9. RORPO successfully removes the blob-like structures, while preserving the curvilinear structures. Moreover, most of the noise and the background intensity was also reduced, which significantly enhances the local contrast of the curvilinear structures.
g. , evaluation of population status. A healthy Arctic fox population might also require a monitoring programme for management of hunting and trapping or to evaluate exploitation of resources affecting the species. Depending on the objectives, the focus of the monitoring may be at the ecosystem, species, population or individual scale. Our goal is to survey contemporary Arctic fox monitoring projects and reflect on the harmonization of their methods and databases. To achieve this goal, we identified four objectives: (1) to survey and describe all contemporary Arctic fox monitoring projects; (2) to summarize the benefits that could be derived through better integration of these projects; (3) to describe the opportunities for such integration; and (4) to identify the challenges of harmonizing methods and databases.
Within this informal network, 25 scientists from 10 countries were initially contacted in 2015 through a Google Form survey to collect metadata about contemporary Arctic fox monitoring projects. Sixteen additional scientists (for a total of 41) were invited to participate as active team members of existing projects or when new monitoring efforts were identified. The survey also polled respondents regarding the benefits, opportunities and challenges to integrating Arctic fox monitoring at the circumpolar scale. Data categories and responses were refined when compiling the current synthesis. Whereas the monitoring of some species is structured according to distinct herds (caribou [Rangifer tarandus];  Russell & Kofinas 2004) , management units (polar bears [Ursus maritimus];  Vongraven & Peacock 2011)  or breeding colonies (murres [Uria spp.
The large-scale monitoring performed in Iceland represented a special case because it relied mostly on fox hunting at dens to reduce economic losses associated with sheep (Ovis aries) husbandry and harvesting of down from eider (Somateria mollissima) colonies  (Hersteinsson 1992). We included Iceland in our survey despite this methodological singularity, although we excluded Icelandic data from some analyses. We use the terms "harmonization" and "standardization" as synonyms throughout the paper. All summary statistics are presented as mean ± standard deviation.
Data sharing capacities Modern technologies increasingly provide for sharing data for decentralized analyses and visualization. For example, the Polar Data Catalogue is a database that describes and provides access to diverse metadata and data generated by polar researchers, whereas the Arctic Biodiversity Data Service (CAFF 2016) disseminates information on the status and trends in Arctic biodiversity. In the case of Arctic fox, baseline data from monitoring projects in Norway and Sweden are stored in a common database  (Rovbase 2017). Having data archived in a centralized repository to which access can be granted and use tracked can greatly expedite data sharing when new collaborations are instigated. For example, several teams use telemetry to collect data on Arctic fox distribution and movement.
Data management strategies Arctic fox monitoring projects store data on various support platforms, including field notebooks, standard paper forms, Excel tables and Access and SQL databases. These differences in data storage challenge the consolidation of data across projects. In addition, cooperation among entities for sharing data is not always straightforward. For example, one oil company operating in the North Slope oilfields of Alaska requires that any request for Arctic fox data go through its legal office to be vetted. Restrictions to sharing data can also differ according to whether a project is based at a university or a government agency. Adoption of new protocols can break long time-series if data collected with the new protocols cannot be compared to past data. This can be avoided by running the old and new protocols simultaneously and establishing correction factors between time-series, but this entails additional time and financial costs that some projects may be unable to support.