dataesr/scientific-paragraphs-categorization huggingface dataset:
Data Safety Monitoring Board An independent monitoring committee (DSMB) will be set up. The DSMB will authorize in association with the ANSM the enrollment of pediatric patients in the study (patients <18 years old), once inclusion of 5 adult patients treated during a minimum period of 10 weeks at stable dose (week 16), in accordance The protocol of the study will be published during the trial. The results will be processed within 1-year of the last visit of last patient. The results will be published in a peer-reviewed journal, recorded in accordance with the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) Statement. Patients will be informed of global and individual (treatment arm, biological data…) results of the study.
Declarations Ethics approval and consent to participate The study protocol was rst approved by the Ethic committee EC Nord Ouest I on December 14 th 2020 (20. 09. 22. 57341), and then on June 17 th 2021 (20. 00146. 057341-MS01) after substantial modi cations and by the French competent authority (Agence Nationale de Sécurité du Médicament et des produits de santé, ANSM) on November 24 th , 2020 (MEDAECPP-2020-09-00014) and then on June 30 th 2021 (MEDMSANAT-2021-06-0053_2020-003011-97). This approval applies for all participating centres. It is registered under EudraCT number 2020-003011-97. The study is compliant with the reference methodology of Commission Nationale de l'Informatique et des Libertés. The study is conducted in accordance with the French legislation, the Good Clinical Practice and the Declaration of Helsinki.
Acknowledgements Pr. J. HARAMBAT ,  Dr. P. ECKART ,  Dr. G. ZANETTA ,  Dr. M. PADILLA ,  Dr. G. BOURDAT-MICHEL ,  Dr. F. GLOWACKI ,  Dr. M. FILA ,  Dr. G. FAVRE ,  Dr. L. FIGUERES ,  Dr. V. BAUDOIN , Pr. O. GUILLON-BOYER, Pr. B. KNEBELMANN, Pr. E. LETAVERNIER,  Dr. A. BLANCHARD ,  Pr. A. LINGLART ,  Dr. T. STEHLE ,  Pr. C. PIETREMENT ,  Dr. A. RICKEWAERT ,  Dr. H. Dr. F. BROUX ,  Dr. D. GUERROT ,  Dr T. KRUMMEL  ,  Dr. A. ZALOSZYC ,  Pr. JP SALLES ,  C. VALLA , F. DUBOEUF.
a b s t r a c t We provide a unique fish individual body size dataset collected from our own sampling and public sources in northeastern Spain. The dataset includes individual body size measures (fork length and mass) of 12,288 individuals of 24 fish species within 10 families collected at 118 locations in large rivers and small streams. Fish were caught by one-pass electrofishing following European standard protocols. The fish dataset has information on the local instream conditions including climatic variables (i. e. , temperature and precipitation), topography (i. e. , altitude), nutrient concentration (i. e. , total phosphorus and nitrates), and the IMPRESS values (a measure of cumulative human impacts in lotic ecosystems). The potential uses of this new fish dataset are manifold, including developing size-based indices to further estimate the ecological status of freshwater ecosystems, allometric models, and analysis of variation in body size structure along environmental gradients.
The dataset can be found in the Zenodo data repository  [2]  and includes three text files with tab-separated values. The first file is named 0_Data_Dictionary and contains a detailed description of the variables in the following two files including the definition, and attribute of each variable (see also Table  1  for a summary). The second file is named 1_stream_information and provides the complete records of the stream locations (toponomy and data source from the two public institutions), fish sampling (date, number of fish caught and sampling area), local environmental information, and a measure of anthropogenic pressure of each stream location. Most of the environmental information, which includes water samples and topographic variables, was obtained on the same day of the fish sampling.
Data selection Complete fish and stream data are available at https://www. chebro. es/ for the CHE and from the corresponding author upon reasonable request. We carried out initial data screening to select comparable stream locations with robust data that can largely represent the species composition, and body size structure of each fish assemblage among stream locations. To do this, we limited the selection of streams sampled from May to October (both included) to avoid the transient effects of seasonal events and sudden increases in fish density from spring reproduction. We further screened samples by a floor of 34 individuals measured in order to minimize statistical biases associated with fish low catches. The number of catches varied substantially among sites (median = 91; SD = 54. 3).
Climate-related variables were represented by mean annual air temperature ( °C), precipitation (mm), and altitude (m). They were calculated from the geographic coordinates of each location (that is, longitudinal and latitudinal in a World Geodetic System 84, WGS84) as the 20-year average at 1 km 2 spatial resolution from the WorldClim database  [10]. The calculations of the climate-related variables were carried out using the statistical environment R version 4. 1. 0 [3].
Data validation In order to confirm the robustness of our stream fish dataset, we used mass-length relationships (MLs) for each fish species whose abundances reached more than 25 individuals (in total, 18 out of 24 fish species). We regressed log 10 fish mass with log 10 fish length of the focal species, and used the coefficient of determination ( r 2 ) as a measure of goodness of fit ( Table  2  ). As fish measures taken from the field may often cause errors in the fish body sizes  [14]  , we removed individuals in which the residuals from the MLs at log-log scale were two times higher than the standard deviation (in total, 405 outliers representing 3. 19 % of the 18 fish species selected for MLs).
Acknowledgments We thank all people who participated in the fish sampling and the agencies  Agència Catalana de l'Aigua (ACA)  and  Confederación Hidrográfica del Ebro  ( CHE ) for their help. The original sampling and this study were financially supported by  ACA ,  CHE , and the  Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation  [grants ref. RTI2018-095363-B-I00 ,  PID2019-103936GB-C21 ].
a r t i c l e i n f o Article history: Received 1 October 2021 Revised 4 March 2022 Accepted 2 May 2022 Available online 6 May 2022 Dataset link: Arranz. etal. fish. DiB. 2022 (Original data) Keywords: body size freshwater fish functional traits intraspecific variability environmental variables human-altered ecosystems Mediterranean streams water quality.
2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. This is an open access article under the CC BY license ( http://creativecommons. org/licenses/by/4. 0/ ) Data source location Data covers a latitudinal gradient between 40. 73 and 43. 08 °N, and a longitudinal gradient between 4. 17 °W and 2. 29 °E in the north-eastern part of the Iberian Peninsula. Stream locations are mainly in the Ebro basin ( n = 103) but a few of them belong to the smaller river basins of Llobregat ( n = 6), Besós ( n = 5), Francolí ( n = 3), and Gaià ( n = 1). Data accessibility Repository name: Zenodo Data identification number: doi. org/10. 5281/zenodo. 6327188 Direct link to the dataset: https://zenodo. org/record/6327188#. YiHyKxOZOw4 Related research articles Arranz, S. Brucet, M. Bartrons, C. García-Comas, L. Benejam, Fish size spectra are affected by nutrient concentration and relative abundance of non-native species across streams of the NE Iberian Peninsula, Sci.
e. , temperature, precipitation) and IMPRESS values are also given for the 118 stream locations. Description of data collection Fish were captured by one-pass electrofishing sampling during May and October between 20 03 and 20 09 in 118 stream locations of the NE Iberian Peninsula. The fish caught were counted, measured, and identified to the species level. The fish sampling area was recorded for each sampling. For each location, stream nutrient concentrations were quantified through water analyses in the laboratory. Climate-related variables and topography were estimated from the WorldClim database. IMPRESS values, a measure of the cumulative pressures in Mediterranean streams, were estimated following standardized protocols. ( continued on next page ) All data were provided by two public institutions: Agència Catalana de l'Aigua (ACA) and Confederación Hidrográfica del Ebro (CHE).
Participants We recruited a total of 31 patients with GD, 29 patients with OCD, and 55 HCs between the ages of 18 and 65 years. Of our HC sample of 55 participants, 25 were included in our earlier work. 30 HCs were recruited through online advertisements and from our participant database. Patients with GD were recruited from a local treatment center (Jellinek Addiction Treatment Center Amsterdam) and were recently diagnosed with GD. Patients with OCD were recruited   30  After a jitter of a random interval between 4000 ms and 6000 ms, the incentive was shown (900 ms; green frame for win trials, gray frame for neutral trials, red frame for loss trials). Afterward, participants were asked to report their confidence in their choice on a rating scale ranging from 50% to 100% with steps of 5%. The initial position of the cursor was randomized between 65% and 85%.
Experimental design and study procedure We used a similar experimental design and study procedure as previously described. 30 For details on the experimental design and study procedure, see Hoven et al. 30  and Figure  1. In sum, participants performed a simple perceptual decision-making task, with a twoalternative forced-choice of contrast discrimination followed by a confidence judgment. In each trial, participants could either win (gain context) or lose (loss context) points, or not (neutral context), conditional on the accuracy of the choice in that trial. Importantly, this incentivization was administered after the choice moment but before the confidence rating. The task was implemented using MATLAB (The MathWorks, Inc. ) and the COGENT toolbox.
Behavioral analyses All analyses were performed in the R environment (RStudio Team  [2015]). We used linear mixed-effects models (LMEMs) as implemented in the lmer function from the lme4 and afex packages. 56, 57 To determine P-values for the fixed effects, we performed type 3 F tests with Satterthwaite approximation for degrees of freedom, as implemented in the afex package. When relevant, we used the emmeans package to perform post hoc tests that were corrected for multiple comparisons using the Tukey method. 58 o answer our main research questions, we built several LMEMs and performed a model selection procedure (see Table  1 ). The final model (model 1) included fixed effects of incentive, group, accuracy, and evidence (z scored) and interactions between incentive and group, as well as two-way and three-way interactions between evidence, accuracy, and group.
7018, d. f. = 2; P = 0. 259), thereby favoring this simpler model. Additionally, to investigate how confidence was differently affected by sex in our HCs, we performed a two-sample t test, which showed that men were generally more confident than women (men: 76. 51 AE 1. 04; women: 71. 70 AE 0. 77) (t 52 = 2. 6518, P = 0. 01057). However, both sex and IQ did not show a significant influence on confidence level in model 4. Next to confidence, we also examined calibration and metacognitive sensitivity (see Appendix S1). In short, we showed that patients with GD were more overconfident than patients with OCD, without an effect of incentive condition. No differences in metacognitive sensitivity were found between groups or incentive conditions. fMRI Results GLM 1 We analyzed functional neuroimaging data to test for differences in brain activity between groups for our contrasts of interest: (i) choice moment modulated by early certainty; (ii) rating/incentive moment modulated by incentive value; and (iii) rating/incentive moment modulated by confidence.
Acknowledgments Data collection for this work was funded by two independent personal  Amsterdam Brain and Cognition (ABC) Talent  grants to JL and  RvH , and a  NWO   Veni Fellowship grant  ( 451-15-015 ) to ML. ML is supported by a  Swiss National Fund Ambizione Grant  ( PZ00P3_174127 ) and an  ERC Starting Grant  ( ERC-StG-948671 ), and JL is supported by a  NWO   Veni Fellowship grant  ( 916-18-119 ).
Secondly, this research aims at quantifying the variation of observed (EEA's air quality database, 2000-2016) and simulated (CHIMERE, 2012(CHIMERE,  -2014) )  surface O 3 during summer heatwaves and agricultural droughts that have been identified using the Percentile Limit Anomalies (PLA) method. Our sensitivity analysis shows that soil dryness is a key factor during drought events, decreasing considerably the C 5 H 8 emissions and O 3 dry deposition velocity. This effect has a larger impact than the biomass decrease. However, the resulting effect on surface O 3 remains limited. Based on a cluster approach using the PLA indicator, we show that observed O 3 concentration is on average significantly higher during heatwaves (+18µg/m 3 in daily maximum) and droughts (+9µg/m 3 ) compared to normal conditions.
In-situ observations of 2m temperature and C 5 H 8 surface concentration To validate our simulations in the most complete way, two data sets are added to our study but do no represent the main focus of the paper. Firstly, in-situ observations of temperature at 2 meters above the surface (T 2m ) from the E-OBS dataset  (Cornes et al. , 2018)  are used to validate the simulated temperature by the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model  (Skamarock et al. , 2008). The regional WRF-ORCHIDEE model (RegIPSL) couples the land surface model ORCHIDEE (ORganising Carbon and Hydrology In Dynamic EcosystEms)  (Maignan et al. , 2011)  and the meteorological model WRF. ORCHIDEE is composed of three modules; SECHIBA that simulates the water and energy cycle, STOMATE that resolves the processes of the carbon cycle allowing therefore an interactive phenology and finally, LPJ that computes the competition between the Plant Functional Types (PFTs).
Indicators of droughts and heatwaves Based on simulations performed by the coupled WRF-ORCHIDEE regional model, we identified heatwaves and agricultural droughts over the Euro-Mediterranean using indicators of extreme weather events, as described in  Guion et al. (2021)  (data access: https://thredds-x. ipsl. fr/thredds/catalog/HyMeX/medcordex/data/Droughts_Heatwaves_1979_2016/catalog. html). Following the approach of  Lhotka and Kyselý (2015) , we computed the Percentile Limit Anomalies of 2m above surface temperature (P LA T 2m ) for heatwave detection and of soil dryness (P LA SD ) for agricultural drought detection. The soil dryness is computed as the complement of the soil wetness index, which is described in ORCHIDEE as the ratio between the soil moisture and the accesible water content.
, 2014)  for trace gases and non-dust aerosols, and from the GOCART model  (Chin et al. , 2002)  for dust. The biogenic emissions are calculated online by the MEGAN model (see Sect. 3. 2). Sea salts and dimethyl sulfide marine emissions are calculated online using the scheme of  Monahan (1986)  and  Liss and Mervilat (1986) , respectively. Mineral dust emissions are also calculated on-line  (Marticorena and Bergametti, 1995; Alfaro and Gomes, 2001). Consistently with the WRF model, the land cover classification used for the calculation of biogenic emissions and dust emissions is from the United States Geological Survey (USGS) land cover database (http://www. usgs. gov). The biomass burning emissions from the APIFLAME v2. 0 model  (Turquety et al. , 2020).
The LAI database used in the dry deposition scheme in CHIMERE does not vary with the year, so that the biomass decrease https://doi. org/10. during the summer 2012 is not reflected. In order to evaluate the importance of this effect, a simulation ("LAIdecr-dep") with a LAI decrease of 5% for forests and 20% for grass and crops (close to the variations observed in 2012 (SI: Fig. S3 )) has been conducted. The effect of soil dryness for the BVOC emissions is evaluated using three different approaches: using γ SM from WRF-Noah in MEGAN ("γ SM -emiss" experiment), using γ SW S from RegIPSL (WRF-ORCHIDEE) in MEGAN ("γ SW S -emiss" experiment), using γ SW Sf it from RegIPSL (WRF-ORCHIDEE) in MEGAN ("γ SW Sf it -emiss" experiment). The fitted function of Bonn et al. (  2019 ) is applied on the SWS.
5. Finally, the different simulated experiments from the MEGAN-CHIMERE model have been compared to observations of surface C 5 H 8 concentrations from EBAS data set (Fig. 4 ). The Ersa station has an almost complete time series for summer 2012. Based on the P LA indicator, Northern Corsica was affected by two heatwaves but no drought. However, we detected soil dryness conditions close to the drought limit (mean P LA SD of -0. 09). The temporal correlation between the simulated and observed C 5 H 8 concentration is similar for each experiment (R coefficient around 0. 68). Averaged over the summer, the lowest mean bias with the observations is obtained with "γ SW Sf it -emiss" (-28 pmol/mol) and the largest one with "γ SM -emiss" (-151 pmol/mol). Nevertheless, over July and August, "γ SW S -emiss" experiment presents the lowest mean bias (+56 pmol/mol).
Acknowledgements. This work was granted access to the HPC resources of TGCC under allocation 10274 made by  GENCI  ( Grand Equipement National de Calcul Intensif)  and funded by  Sorbonne Université (SU)  and the  Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES). We acknowledge the  European Environment Agency  to provide the AQ e-Reporting data set and  Guillaume Siour  for the data extraction and preparation. The MCD153AH and OMHCHOd products were retrieved from the  NASA EOSDIS Land Processes Distributed Active Archive Center (LPDAAC)  and  USGS Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center. Finally, we acknowledge the  National Centers of Environmental Predictions (NCEP)  for the reanalysis meteorological data and the  Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU)  for the EBAS database.
Data availability. The data set of indicators of heatwaves and agricultural droughts (P LA T 2m/SD ) is freely available at https://thredds-x. ipsl. fr/thredds/catalog/HyMeX/medcordex/data/Droughts_Heatwaves_1979_2016/catalog. html. The data from AQ e-Reporting can be found at https://www. eea. europa. eu/data-and-maps/data/aqereporting-9/aq-ereporting-products, from MODIS and OMI instrument at https://lpdaac. usgs. gov/data/, from NCEP at http://www. ncep. noaa. gov and from EBAS at https://ebas. nilu. no/data-access/.
are used. The anthropogenic surface emissions are derived from the EMEP database at 0. 1 • ×0. 1 • resolution (https://www. ceip. at/webdab-emission-database) for the year 2014. The inventory was preprocessed by the emiSURF program in order to calculate hourly emissions fluxes on the CHIMERE grid and the period of simulation (https://www. lmd. polytechnique. fr/chimere/formation_2021/emisurf. pdf). https://doi. org/10. 5194/egusphere-2022-222 Preprint. Discussion started: 8 June 2022 c Author(s) 2022. CC BY 4. 0 License.
Acknowledgements This work was supported in France by the  CNRS , the  University of Angers  and the  RFI LUMOMAT (ASCO   MMM  Project). The  French National Research Agency (ANR)  is acknowledged for financial support through  SMMCPL  ( ANR-19-CE29-0012-02 ) and  SECRETS  ( ANR PRC 20-CE06-0023-01 ) projects. M. G. and B. L. G. thank the French  GENCI/IDRIS-CINES centers  for high performance computing resources. F. Z. gratefully acknowledges financial support from  University of Pisa  ( PRA 2020_21 ).
Introduction Despite the very important recent discoveries of Odonata of the early Late Cretaceous age, especially in the Burmese amber  (Zheng 2020) , the Cretaceous/Paleocene transition remains a crucial period for the understanding of the ecological conditions and timing of the diversification of the modern odonatan fauna. The current knowledge on the Turonian-Maastrichtian Odonata is very fragmentary with less than 10 species (Fossilworks Database at http://fossilworks. org/; Nel et al. 2010b ), but the recent unexpected discoveries of Maastrichtian Aeschnidiidae confirms the importance of this period for the turnover between the Mesozoic and a more modern fauna  (Nel 2021). With 18 described species, the Paleocene Odonata are better known but the majority of taxa have been found in upper Paleocene deposits:  Wighton and Wilson (1986)  described some Gomphaeschnidae from the Paskapoo Formation (ca.
2% of the very rich and diverse entomofauna, dominated by Coleoptera (78%). These new discoveries were possible thanks to a very careful examination of all the pieces of rocks during the field and laboratory researches, because the insects are frequently very hard to detect on these rocks. The specimens were prepared with a very sharp pneumatic needle and studied using a stereomicroscope Olympus SCX9 in MNHN. Photographs were taken with a Nikon SMZ 25 stereomicroscope with an attached Nikon D800 camera or using a Canon 50D with a 65 MPE camera lens mounted on an automated stacking rail (StackShot). All images are digitally stacked photomicrographic composites of several individual focal planes, which were obtained using Helicon Focus. The figures were composed with Adobe Illustrator CC2019 and Adobe Photoshop CC2019 software.
Acknowledgements We sincerely thank  Günter Bechly  ( Biologic Institute, Redmond, USA ) and an anonymous referees for their useful remarks on the first version of the paper. We had the pleasure to receive generous assistance from  Bernard Duverger  ( President of the Communauté de Communes of Menat region ),  Clotilde Berger-Pompili  and  Mathilde Leygnac  (directors of the  EHPAD du pays de Menat ), for their kind help and authorizations to collect fossil insects in a small but rich outcrop near the village of  Menat (Puy-de-Dôme, France ).
5 Parsimonious confounder adjustment was supported by a post hoc analysis of the DRIVE's 2018/2019 data and was previously proposed by Lane et al according to an analysis of data from the Victorian Influenza Sentinel Practice Network in Australia  6  and is in line with findings from the Canadian Sentinel Practitioner Surveillance Network (CSPSN). 7 wever, we aimed to further explore the impact of potential confounders on IVE in the context of a multi-country TND network and to check through an in-depth multi-season secondary analysis if our previously chosen parsimonious confounder adjustment strategy could be justified. We constructed a DAG to map the most relevant IVE confounders and other variables. We used the DRIVE data from the 2018/2019 and 2019/2020 seasons to understand the role of covariates as predictors of vaccination status and case status, and to explore the effect of covariate adjustment on IVE point estimates.
Data collection and site characteristics have been previously described more in depth elsewhere. 4, 5 In brief, patients with ILI were enrolled in the primary care setting and patients with SARI in the hospital setting (see Table  1  for definitions). Only community-dwelling ILI and SARI patients presenting during the study period for analysis, ≤7 days after symptom onset and without contraindication for influenza vaccination, were included in the dataset. The outcome of interest was laboratory-confirmed influenza (primarily through reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction [RT-PCR]). The exposure of interest was any seasonal influenza vaccine (>14 days prior to symptom onset) in the respective season.