dataesr/scientific-paragraphs-categorization huggingface dataset:
Data collection Data concerning the prenatal parameters, the neonatal period, and the clinical events up to 2 years of age were collected. The term "infancy" was used in its largest definition, between the neonatal period and 2 years of age. The following data were collected: side of the CDH, fetal lung area to head circumference ratio (LHR), intra-thoracic localization of the liver, total fetal lung volume determined by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), associated chromosomal abnormality, site of birth, gestational age at delivery, birth weight, length of stay in the intensive care unit (ICU), length of hospital stay, therapy administered at home (oxygen, enteral nutrition, inhaled corticosteroids, sildenafil, palivizumab prophylaxis), home environment (number of siblings, father and/or mother smoking (declarative), day-care attendance), father and/or mother allergic asthma or rhinitis, personal eczema, doctor's visits for wheezing and hospitalization for wheezing and causes other than wheezing exacerbation.
Discussion Although children with CDH are considered at high risk of respiratory morbidity in the short and medium term after hospital discharge, few studies have evaluated the extent of this risk. In particular, the risk of readmission for wheezing exacerbations is not known. Our study is therefore the first to quantify this risk, and to identify the main predictors of readmission for wheezing. An important advantage of our study is its multicentric design, which involved the use of a national database to incorporate prospectively data from each case. This method enabled us to assess the risk of respiratory complications in an unbiased population. Our study has however several limitations. Respirare brings the great advantage of a prospective multicenter collection of data, but at the cost of the pre-established selection of a limited number of data.
Life cycle carbon dioxide assessments The first step in understanding the full impact of rail projects is assessing the GHG emissions associated with construction, operation and maintenance of infrastructure. Life cycle carbon dioxide assessment (LCCA) has gained prominence as the preferred method for accounting for the GHG impacts of building and operating a rail system  (Cano and Chester, 2015; Gallivan et al. , 2014). LCCAs evaluate the impact of a product from cradle to gravefrom gathering of the raw materials through to final disposal  (SAIC, 2006). In building and infrastructure projects, the disposal phase of an LCCA is often excluded, as the useful life of the product is long. Accordingly, assessments of such projects are often cradle-to-site rather than cradle-to-grave. In the UK, a widely used embodied energy and GHG database for construction materials was produced by researchers at the University of Bath  (Hammond and Jones, 2011; Jones and Hammond, 2008).
This database provides factors for a cradle-to-site analysis. In order to carry out a complete LCCA analysis, other factors such as construction site energy, maintenance energy and operational energy must be analysed separately. To be effective, the LCCA calculation must be carried out in parallel with the planning and design process so that the GHG impacts inform decision-making and design. Calculating the lifetime GHG emissions of a project is dependent on very detailed record keepingeverything from the amount of concrete used to the shipping distance of construction materials and the fuel use of on-site equipment has an impact. However, as LCCAs are relatively new to rail infrastructure projects, there is a paucity of published data. Future projects would benefit from the establishment of a database with material and energy use for rail infrastructure.
Introduction: Necitumumab, a second-generation, recombinant human immunoglobulin G1 epidermal growth factor receptor antibody in the phase 3 SQUIRE trial (NCT00981058), increased survival benefit for patients randomized to receive necitumumab plus gemcitabine-cisplatin compared with those who received gemcitabine-cisplatin. Here we characterize health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and tolerability results. Methods: A total of 1093 patients with stage IV squamous non-small cell lung cancer were randomized 1:1 to receive necitumumab (800 mg absolute dose intravenously [IV]) plus gemcitabine-cisplatin (gemcitabine ¼ 1250 mg/m 2 IV on days 1 and 8; cisplatin ¼ 75 mg/m 2 IV on day 1) or gemcitabine-cisplatin alone (every 21 days) for up to six cycles. Patients receiving necitumumab plus gemcitabinecisplatin without disease progression continued necitumumab until progression.
For each patient who was not known to have had a deterioration, time to deterioration was censored at the last ECOG PS assessment date. The LCSS and EQ-5D were administered in both arms at baseline, at the beginning of every cycle (2-6), and every 6 weeks thereafter until disease progression. At each scheduled assessment, the LCSS was completed before the EQ-5D. LCSS and EQ-5D data were analyzed by visit as assessments were performed whether a visit was for treatment (cycle) or for follow-up for disease progression. The LCSS consists of nine items regarding the severity of six major lung cancer symptoms (loss of appetite, fatigue, cough, dyspnea, hemoptysis, and pain) and three global measures (interference with normal activity, quality of life, overall lung cancer symptoms). For each of the nine LCSS items, the patient's response is scored from 0 to 100, with lower scores representing lower severity.
Acknowledgments This study (NCT00981058) was sponsored and funded by  Eli Lilly and Company. The study sponsor, together with members of the SQUIRE steering committee, was responsible for the study design. The sponsor collected the data and analyzed the data in conjunction with the authors. All authors made substantial contributions to the following: (1) conception and design of the work or acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data for the work; (2) drafting of the article or critical revision for important intellectual content; and (3) final approval of the version to be published. We thank the patients and their caregivers for participating in this trial. We thank the investigators and their support staff who participated in this work. We acknowledge  Jill Kolodsick  and  Anastasia Perkowski , from  Eli Lilly and Company , who provided medical writing and editorial assistance, respectively.
Seventeen primers (45%) produced band patterns in the sequencer, and the 15 showing the simplest and clearer amplification patterns were chosen as the SSRs for future studies, adding to the first five SSRs developed, constituting our set of 20 SSRs. The markers were named from MDVLM1 to MDVLM20. Based on the structure of the microsatellite motif, 14 SSRs (70%) were simple, and of these, only six were perfect. The total number of perfect motifs was nine (45%); six simple and three compound. The six compound microsatellites contained the GT/CA motif associated with the isolated motif CT/GA. The primer sequences for these loci are given in Table  1 , and the microsatellite sequences have been deposited in GenBank (accession numbers from KX243191 to KX243207, KX265707, KX265708 and KX580305).
Even so, the efficiencies found here were the smallest in the group of enriched libraries developed using the same protocol. In addition to the technical reasons, low efficiencies are related to the genome structure of the species. A high DNA content can be an obstacle to recovering unique microsatellite sequences because the general frequency of microsatellite is inversely related to the genome size and to the proportion of repetitive DNA  [25]. Among the species compared, mango, with the highest efficiency, holds the smallest genome (C = 0. 45 pg), followed by lychee (C = 0. 70 pg)  [26]  and cherimoya (C = 0. 85 pg)  [27]. Mandevilla is an understudied species; data about its DNA content are lacking and the C value range for known Apocynaceae species is large (from 0. 31 to 2. 45 pg, according to the Kew Gardens database  [26] ).
The cophenetic coefficient was computed for the dendrogram after the construction of a cophenetic matrix. All of these analyses were computed with the program NTSYSpc 2. 11 (Exeter Software, Setauket, NY, USA). The robustness of the nodes of the dendrogram was assessed with a bootstrap analysis using the WinBoot program  [53]  with 2000 iterations and the Jaccard coefficient  [54] , a binary coefficient similar to BAND coefficient but corrected for redundant bands (the positive matches between 2 individuals) (J = a/(a + u), where "a" are positive matches between 2 individuals, and "u" are the unmatched bands in every individual) and available in the software. The dendrograms obtained with BAND and Jaccard coefficients had the same topology.
Acknowledgements We would like to thank  Iñaki García-Etxebarria ,  Alessandro Tomasiello  and  Gianluca Zoccarato  for helpful discussions. The work of I. B. and J. B. was supported by the  John Templeton Foundation  Grant  48222. The work of J. B. was also supported by the  CEA Eurotalents program. The work of R. M. was supported by the  ANR  grant  12-BS05-003-01. The work of R. S. was supported by the  ERC  Starting Grant 259133 -ObservableString. R. M. and R. S. would like to thank the  Institut Henri Poincaré  for hospitality during this work.
Acknowledgments This work was made possible through grants from  Total  and  CNRS/INSU  to CC during a PhD work (2009)(2010). First fieldwork was conducted by YL with financial support by the  Geosciences Montpellier laboratory  and the national program,  Action Marges. We wish to thank reviewers  Othmar Mu  ¨ntener and  Torgeir Andersen  and  Associate Editor Marguerite Godard  for detailed and careful reviews that helped us improve the first versions of this manuscript.
Suspended sediment concentration We compare the results of the ASM rod (C ASM ) and direct sampling corrected (C sample ) after laboratory calibrations (Fig. 4 ). Data are presented at four sampling depths (0, 20, 40 and 60 cm above channel bed). Overall, the SSC evolution measured with the ASM rod follows the SSC evolution measured with the pump sampling method. As described in  Furgerot et al. (in press ), a high increase in SSC during the tidal bore passage (the first seconds) is measured at the bottom (Fig. 4D ). The saturation of the ASM rod suggested SSC greater than 30 g/L, confirmed by direct sampling with SSC values up to 35 g/L. After the passage of the tidal bore front, SSC gradually increases over the whole water column. Although the global SSC evolution is similar with the two methods, the ASM measurements (C ASM ) show a constant positive offset compared to the pump sampling measurements (C sample ).
Flow velocities A detailed description of the velocity evolution measured using an ADV vector on the two components u and w is provided by  Furgerot et al. (in press ). Herein we supplement these ADV data with ADCP measurements that provide vertical profiles of longitudinal velocity u (Fig. 5 ). The average velocity (u) on the 60 cm of the water column is 0. 3 m/s (Fig. 5B , profile a). The river flow is very low compared to the flow after the tidal bore passage with u ¼ 1 m=s in the upstream direction. The ADCP profile b at the tidal bore passage (Fig. 5B ) clearly shows that the longitudinal velocity inversion (from a downstreamdirected to an upstream-directed flow) first occurs at the bottom of the water column. This inversion has been recorded over the four successive tidal bores surveyed on 7 and 8 May 2012.
Despite this calibration and the application of error bars on the data, some differences between C ASM and C sample are recorded in situ. We consider that the main source of error comes from the ASM rod, because the direct samplings are checked and the potential sources of uncertainty have been identified and estimated. The ASM rod manufacturer gives two measurement ranges for two different particle sizes: from 0. 005 to 5 g/L for mud (d 50 = 20 mm) and from 0. 05 to 50 g/L for sand (d 50 = 250 mm). The ''tangue'' on the site is of intermediate size (silt with mode at 80 mm). Because the probe has been calibrated on a large range (0 to 30 g/L), a bias is possible due to the particle size. In addition, access to the raw ASM data is limited. After calibration of the rod, the instrument provides only data in g/L during field measurements.
We suppose that this inversion causes a very significant shear stress on the sediment bed and subsequent erosion. One hypothesis is proposed in perspective of this publication. From these measurements of SSC and velocity, sediment fluxes are calculated. Our data demonstrate that, on our study site, upstream-directed sediment fluxes become maximal in the whole water column about 8-9 min after the passage of the tidal bore. This highlights the presence of a turbidity maximum zone (TMZ), which is a common feature in tide-dominated estuaries (e. g. , the Seine estuary,  Avoine et al. , 1981 , the Garonne estuary, Castaing, 1981). Its development in the Mont-Saint-Michel estuary is quantified for the first time in our study. All the data acquired during the several surveys on the tidal bore site ''Le Bateau'' evidence that the salinity front actually arrives more than 10 min after the tidal bore passage in average  (Furgerot, 2014).
Acknowledgements This study is part of  Lucille Furgerot PhD works (University of Caen ), supported by the  ANR  project  ''Mascaret''  ( ANR-2010-BLAN-0911 ), whose coordinator,  Prof. Pierre Lubin , is warmly thanked, and by the  Regional Council of Basse-Normandie (CRBN). We are grateful to all the colleagues of the ''Mascaret'' team and of the  M2C research lab , as well as friends, who provided helpful assistance for field surveys. We warmly thank  Jean-Yves Cocaign , the  Director of ''La Maison de la Baie'' in the Mont-Saint-Michel Bay , for the logistical assistance he kindly supplied during the surveys. We also thank  Teledyne Instruments  for the loan of several ADCP including ADCP Workhorse Sentinel. Finally, we thank  Pr. Daidu Fan  and  Dr. Benoı ˆt Camenen  for their very constructive comments.
Procedure To generate background material and discussion points, we performed a systematic literature search using the Scopus database, which is an abstract and citation database of peerreviewed literature (including scientific journals, books, and conference proceedings). This database was searched on February 6, 2015 for publications that cited the original NeuPSIG grading paper from 2008. 30 Three review authors (S. H. , P. K. , and N. B. F. ) extracted the following data: (1) use of the citation, (2) classification of the publication as a review, animal or human experimental paper, a clinical study, or others, (3) criteria used for including or classifying patients with neuropathic pain in clinical studies, (4) comparison of the grading with other criteria for identifying neuropathic pain when available, and (5) any issues raised with the grading system.
In addition, all committee members were asked to examine the grading system for possible deficiencies that could require modification or amendment in a subsequent iteration of the grading system. Participants convened under the auspices of NeuPSIG in Nice, France, on May 14, 2015. Before the meeting, all participants were provided with a documentation folder that included results from the literature review and issues identified by committee members. At the meeting, data on the use of the grading paper were presented, and individual participants provided short overviews on issues with the grading system that had been identified before the meeting. Discussions pertaining to the issues identified before the meeting and new issues raised by participants at the meeting were used to inform modifications to the existing grading system.
R-D. Treede  and  T. S. Jensen  contributed equally to this work. Supported by the  NeuPSIG of the International Association for the Study of Pain. S. N. Raja  was partly supported by  NIGMS ,  NS26363. D. L. H. Bennett  is a  Wellcome Senior Clinical Scientist  ( Ref 095698z/ 11 /z). D. Bouhassira ,  D. L. H. Bennett ,  R. Baron ,  N. B. Finnerup ,  T. S. Jensen ,  A. S. C. Rice , and B. H. Smith are members of the  DOLORisk consortium  funded by the  European Commission Horizon 2020  ( ID633491 ). D. L. H. Bennett ,  N. B. Finnerup , and  T. S. Jensen  are members of the  International Diabetic Neuropathy Consortium , the  Novo Nordisk Foundation , grant number  NNF14SA0006. R. Baron  and  R-D. Treede  are members of the  German Research Network on Neuropathic Pain (DFNS). R. Baron ,  D.
Two custom-made hooked bipolar electrodes were placed on each mid-costal part of the diaphragm and left there for the entire duration of the experiment. Diaphragm spontaneous poïkilocapnic normoxic or transient mild asphyxia (by pinching the animal nose for 15 s) EMGs and MEPdia induced by a single pulse of TMS were amplified (gain, 1k; A-M Systems, Everett, WA, USA) and band pass-filtered (100 Hz to 10 kHz). The signals were digitized with an 8-channel Powerlab data acquisition device (Acquisition rate: 100 k/s; AD Instruments, Dunedin, New Zealand) connected to a computer and analyzed using LabChart 7 Pro software (AD Instruments, Dunedin, New Zealand). The bilateral diaphragmatic EMGs were integrated (50 ms decay). At the end of the experiment (around 3 hours under urethane anesthesia), animals were euthanized with an i.
Data processing The amplitude and frequency of 10 integrated diaphragm EMG inspiratory bursts during normoxia and mild asphyxia was calculated for each animal from the injured and intact sides with LabChart 7 Pro software (AD Instruments). The average of at least 5 MEPdia was calculated with LabChart Pro software (AD Instruments). The baseline-to-peak amplitude of the first negative wave (N1) of each averaged MEPdia was measured. MEPdia latency was defined as the first electrical (positive or negative) deviation following the magnetic pulse artefact (as previously described in rodent TMS studies  [20, 23] ). Normality of the data distribution was assessed using a Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and log transformation was performed when required. Two way ANOVA with Bonferoni correction for multiple comparisons was performed between animal groups followed by post-hoc Student t-test.
Acknowledgments This work was supported by funding from the  European Union   Seventh framework Programme  ( FP7/2007-2013)  under grant agreement No. 246556  (European project  RBUCE-UP ),  HandiMedEx  allocated by the  French Public Investment Board , the  Chancellerie des Universités de Paris (Legs Poix) , the  « Centre d'Assistance Respiratoire à Domicile d'Ile de France (CARDIF) » , the  « Fonds de Dotation de Recherche en Santé Respiratoire », LVL Medical and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines. The supporters had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
This work was supported by funding from the  European Union   Seventh framework Programme  ( FP7/2007-2013)  under grant agreement No. 246556  (European project  RBUCE-UP ),  HandiMedEx  allocated by the  French Public Investment Board , the  Chancellerie des Universités de Paris (Legs Poix) , the  «Centre d'Assistance Respiratoire à Domicile d'Ile de France (CARDIF)», the «Fonds de Dotation de Recherche en Santé Respiratoire», LVL Medical , and  Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
Subjects and Methods At the ENCALS (European Network for the Cure of ALS) meeting in Dublin 2015, a MUNIX training course was held over 2 days. Neurophysiologists from different European countries already familiar with this method and who had previously attended one or more training courses were invited. Twelve raters were included, 6 of them had passed a qualification process as part of a longitudinal study (SOPHIA). For this qualification process, raters had to perform MUNIX measurements in 6 muscles (Mm. abductor digiti minimi, abductor pollicis brevis, biceps brachii, tibialis anterior, extensor digitorum brevis and abductor hallucis) in 4 healthy volunteers in two separate sessions. Raw data and results were sent to one reviewer (C. N. ) and raters were certified when measurements showed a coefficient of variation (COV) below 20%.
With the exception of the AH, all other muscles revealed inter-rater COV equal or below 20%. Analysing the difference between MUNIX and CMAP measurements and the arbitrary reference value revealed a high accuracy (relative mean) and good reliability (SD) of measurements. (Fig  2 ) Among the 12 individual raters, intra-rater COV of all MUNIX measurements ranged from 6. 6 to 22. 9 (mean 14. 1 ± 4. 3, data not shown). In univariate linear mixed-effects models, no significant influence on the variability of MUNIX and CMAP measurements was present for general neurophysiological experience (years), amount of clinical electrophysiology in daily practice, experience in MUNIX (months) and number of attended MUNIX training courses (data not shown). Between the experienced and less experienced group, no significant differences were observable for MUNIX, CMAP, time and maximum stimulation intensity determined by Welch's ttests (p values >0.
Previous data have suggested that intra-and inter-rater test-retest reliability of the MUNIX method is dependent on individual rater's experience. [1, 2, [4] [5] [6] 17]  In two multicentre MUNIX studies in healthy subjects and ALS patients, test-retest variability decreased in the second study in the same raters. [5, 6]  In this study, no significant difference between trained raters less familiar with the MUNIX method and raters with several experiences in MUNIX was observed, suggesting that the method itself is robust and can be easily adopted. General electrophysiological practice seemed not to influence MUNIX reliability. However, all participants had several years of electrophysiological experience and at least one intense whole-day training course (theoretic aspects and hands-on training).
Study funded by: CN, CB, and MW were supported by the  Swiss ALS Foundation  and the  Swiss NeRAB Foundation. CB and CN were supported by the "SOPHIA" consortium through the  Swiss National Foundation  ( 31ND30_141622 ) under the aegis of the  EU Joint Programme -Neurodegenerative Disease Research (JPND) : http:// www. jpnd. eu. Hänseler AG, Switzerland, and  Biogen, USA , as advisory board members. MW received advisory board honoraria from  Merz Pharma, Switzerland.
, 2013). The relative abundance of these novel, 6-methyl brGDGTs are strongly dependent on pH and so by excluding them from the MBT' index (newly defined as MBT' 5ME ) the correlation with MAT is improved  (De Jonge et Biogeosciences Discuss. , doi:10. 5194/bg-2016 -146, 2016  Manuscript under review for journal Biogeosciences Published: May 2016 c Author(s) 2016. CC-BY 3. 0  License. al. , 2014a). The CBT index was also redefined in this study, as CBT', to include all of the pH dependent 6-methyl brGDGTs and consequently yielded a higher correlation with soil pH as a result  (De Jonge et al. , 2014a). De Jonge et al. (2014a) also developed, based on a dataset of globally distributed soils, a new pH calibration taking into account the new CBT' as well as new MAT calibrations, defined as MAT mr and MAT mrs.
Results We report bulk and brGDGT data for four cores covering Holocene sedimentation in the Tagus River Basin and its outflow into the Atlantic. We compare these data with new results acquired through an improved LC method able to distinguish between the 5-and 6-methyl brGDGTs  (De Jonge et al. , 2013)  on the soils, riverbank sediments, and SPM samples previously obtained by  Zell et al. , (2014). The age-depth models for the marine sediment cores (Fig. S2 , Table  1 ) are based on radiocarbon dating of picked foraminifera, gastropods, and shell fragments. The data show that of the four sediment cores from the transect the Tagus River Floodplain sediments date to 6. 7 cal. kyrs. BP, the Mudbelt sediments date to 5. 8 cal. kyrs. BP, the Lisbon Canyon Head sediments date to 8. 7 cal. kyrs.