dataesr/scientific-paragraphs-categorization huggingface dataset:
Ancillary data: Hα Another tracer of the ionised gas is the optical line Hα. IC 10 has been observed in Hα with the 1. 8 m Perkins Telescope at Lowell Observatory at a resolution of 2. 3  (Hunter & Elmegreen 2004 ). The data is calibrated but not extinction-corrected. The map was convolved to the Spitzer/IRS SL resolution (3. 7 ) using a gaussian kernels. In this way the Hα image is consistent with the highest resolution available for the MIR line maps. Since Hα suffers from significant extinction from Galactic dust along the line of sight toward IC 10 (Galactic latitude of IC 10 ∼3. 3 • ) and Fig. 3. SED of a region of ∼(174 pc × 226 pc) in IC 10 (Main zone, see Fig. 6 ). The black dots with error bars are the WISE, Herschel/PACS and Herschel/SPIRE photometry. The photometry data come from the DustPedia database  (Clark et al.
2018 ), and will be interpreted in  Lianou et al. (in prep. ). The black emission lines are from the Spitzer/IRS and Herschel/PACS spectrometers. The data uncertainties are shown in the grey area. These observations have been fitted by the model of  Galliano (2018). The total dust component is the red area. The stellar contribution is the yellow area. The blue line is the total model. The brightest emission features are labelled in green, including the main aromatic features (A. F. ), commonly called PAHs. from dust internal to IC 10, we do not use Hα as a constraint in the analysis. Instead, we will use the model unattenuated predictions for Hα and the observed value in order to estimate the extinction a posteriori (see Section 6. 3).
Acknowledgements. The authors would like to thank the anonymous referee for providing comments that help to improve the paper. We also thanks  Deidre Hunter  for constructive feedback. We acknowledge support from the  DAAD/PROCOPE  projects  57210883/35265PE  and the  SYMPATICO  grant ( ANR-11-BS56-0023 ) of the  French Agence Nationale de la Recherche. The authors acknowledge support by the  Programme National "Physique et Chimie du Milieu Interstellaire" (PCMI)  of  CNRS/INSU  with  INC/INP  co-funded by  CEA  and  CNES. DC is supported by the  European Union 's  Horizon 2020 research and innovation programe  under the  Marie Skłodowska-Curie  grant agreement No  702622. NPA acknowledges funding from  NASA  and  SOFIA  through grant program  SOF   05-0084  SH acknowledges financial support from  DFG  programme  HO 5475/2-1.
Acknowledgments Confocal image acquisition and analysis were performed at the CYMAGES imaging facility. We acknowledge  D. Bohmann ,  M. J. Kang ,  B. Mollereau , the  Vienna Drosophila RNAi Center (VDRC, Vienna, Austria), and Drosophila Bloomington Stock Center (Bloomington, IN, USA)  for providing fly stocks and the  Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank  ( University of Iowa, IA, USA ) for providing monoclonal antibodies.
statistical methods Sample size: In order to calculate the sample size of this study, due to the scarce data available regarding the diagnostic/classification performances of each type of lesions, we assumed that the specificity of BME of the SIJ detected by MRI (eg, as in the axSpA ASAS criteria) was 95%. 27 With this hypothesis, a sample of 100 cases (axSpA) and 100 controls (mechanical non-axSpA patients with CBP) would allow us to estimate specificity with a ±5% accuracy. Analysis: a descriptive analysis of the different imaging abnormalities suggestive of axSpA in the SIJ and spine was performed (number (%) of patients with a lesion, and mean (SD) for the continuous scores). Proportions and continuous variables were compared in both groups by χ² test and T-test, respectively. Statistical significance was set for p<0.
Contributors aM planned and coordinated the study, recruited patients, performed the blinded imaging reading, analysed the data and wrote the manuscript. lg, M-Ml-c, VF, rB, J-Dl, Pr and PD coordinated the study in their centres, actively recruited patients and critically reviewed of the manuscript. Pg critically reviewed the manuscript. aF critically reviewed the protocol, the reading methodology and the manuscript. MD critically reviewed the protocol, the statistical analysis plan and the manuscript.
This procedure allows detection of acute radiodermatitis but not of the chronic form. As chronic radiodermatitis progresses slowly for many months or years after FGI, only one third of patients spontaneously notice their lesions, usually when ulceration has appeared, and, at this late stage, they are unable to connect the lesions with the procedure (see Appendix). Some studies have estimated the prevalence of FGI radiodermatitis, but the results are limited either because the authors focused on one particular form of dermatitis (i. e. skin ulcerations) or one kind of FGI (mainly coronary explorations and angioplasties) or because the data were collected retrospectively without the expertise of a dermatologist to clearly identify the lesions. According to these studies, FGI radiodermatitis was observed in 0 to 1.
Materials and methods Institutional Review Board approval was obtained for this retrospective study. The Radiology Unit database, which contains all the collected data of all the FGI procedures, was used to identify patients who had had an FGI between January 2010 and December 2016 and for whom irradiation procedures were considered at risk for radiodermatitis owing to the presence of at least one of the following criteria: exposure of the skin to more than 3 Gy, air kerma greater than 5 Gy, DAP exceeding 500 Gray. cm 2 , and/or fluoroscopy exposition time longer than 60 minutes. (3, 8)  During this period, 55,782 FGIs were conducted, 26,455 by cardiologists in the Cardiology Unit and 29,327 by interventional radiologists in the Radiology Unit. Three hundred and ninety procedures (359 patients) were at risk for radiodermatitis.
Dosimetric information was provided by the device itself and periodically controlled by external audits. When available, the peak skin dose was calculated either with radiologic films or with the dedicated software em. doses. (9) A letter was sent to patients explaining the aim and design of the study and proposing a skin examination by a dermatologist. Patients who did not answer within three months were contacted by telephone. Those who accepted the offer to be examined gave their informed written consent. The following data were recorded: age of the patient at the time of the procedure, sex, BMI, comorbidities (diabetes, autoimmune disease, dysthyroidism), medical treatments taken at the time of irradiation and skin phototype. Procedure characteristics were also recorded: date and aim of the procedure, maximum skin dose, air kerma, DAP, fluoroscopy time, number of lifetime FGIs received and, if applicable, therapeutic irradiations.
Discussion The estimated prevalence of chronic radiodermatitis after FGI varies greatly from one study to another. 5 ) reported an incidence of 0. 34%, but they only considered radiation-induced ulcers, a clinical form that is infrequent, and included only patients who had had a coronary exploration. In addition, none of the patients were examined by a dermatologist, and clinical data were collected from clinical charts only. In a series of 61 patients who had undergone a complex procedure, Kirkwood et al. (6)  reported no instance of radiodermatitis, but patient follow-up was short, less than one year. In a study involving 400 patients who had had a percutaneous coronary intervention for chronic total occlusion, a procedure that exposes patient skin to high radiation doses, Kato et al. (7)  observed six (1.
Statistics The number of rats per group was assessed in a power analysis performed with online software (https:// www. dssresearch. com/resources/calculators/sample-size-calculator-percentage/). We expected terutroban to increase the 99m Tc-HMPAO uptake by 50% compared to the SAH group. Past studies showed that cerebral blood flow decreased after a double intracisternal injection in the rat model of SAH  [26]. Based on these data, we estimated that a minimum of 14 animals for both samples would be required, for an empiric α error level of P < 0. 05 and a β error level = 0. 4. Therefore, we included rats to reach a minimal sample of 14 rats in each radiolabeled study group, taking into account mortality and radiolabeled injection failure. All data are presented as the mean and standard deviation (SD).
Between-group comparisons was conducted with a one-or two-way ANOVA (depending on the outcome) followed by Tukey's multiple comparisons test. Adjusted P values < 0. 05 were considered significant. Statistical analyses were performed with Prism® 6. 0 (GraphPad Software, Inc. , La Jolla, CA). The datasets generated and/or analysed during the current study are available in the "figshare" repository, with the identifier https://figshare. com/s/f7f8f15e1d185ad7e7f4.
Patients and Sera All patients with clinical suspicion of IE had a standardized diagnostic kit  (Fournier et al. , 2010)  including blood cultures, serological testing for fastidious bacteria  (Raoult et al. , 2005) , immunological blood tests, and, in case of BCNE, WB for Bartonella sp. antigens  (Houpikian and Raoult, 2003)  and PCR from EDTA blood, as described above  (Fournier et al. , 2017). The diagnosis of IE was based on Duke's modified criteria  (Li et al. , 2000)  and the ESC guidelines  (Habib et al. , 2015). Fifty patients with definite IE and an identified etiologic agent were retrospectively selected in our database (Figure  2 ), including 10 patients each diagnosed with E. faecalis, S. anginosus, S. gallolyticus, S. aureus, and B. henselae IE. As negative controls, we used sera from 17 healthy blood donors.
Analysis of WB Reactivity Profile for Each Tested Pathogen We evaluated the WB reactivity profile for E. faecalis, S. gallolyticus, S. anginosus, and S. aureus IE using 50 sera from our IE database (Figure  2 ) and 17 healthy blood donors. The first screening showed that the test was not specific for S. aureus and S. anginosus, with a high rate of false positive [52/57 (91%) and 47/57 (82%) of the control sera, respectively]. Among the 10 antigenic bands identified for S. anginosus and 18 for S. aureus, none was specific. However, E. faecalis immunoblotting performed with the 10 sera from patients with E. faecalis IE allowed us to identify 14 protein bands (Table  1 ). All patients showed reactivity to at least two different antigenic bands. In addition, when compared to immunoblot performed using 40 sera from patients with non-enterococcal IE, we identified four antigenic bands (Ef300, Ef39, Ef36, and Ef23) with a 100% specificity and two antigenic bands, namely, Ef 89 and Ef 59, with the best sensitivity (100 and 80%, respectively).
Study design and participants We designed a prospective, non-interventional, international, multi-center single-arm cohort study to assess intraoperative handling, wound healing outcomes and postoperative patients`satisfaction of Novosyn® Quick for skin closures in adults and paediatric patients. The trial was registered with ClinicalTrials. gov under the registration number NCT02680886; the trial registration was on February 5, 2016. A total of 148 patients were screened, finally 100 patients were enrolled and assigned to the adults (N = 50) or the paediatric (N = 50) patient group. One study center was located in France (visceral surgery), and one in Germany (paediatric surgery). The flow chart of patient screening, inclusion, operation and follow-up is shown in Fig. 1. The inclusion criteria were as follows: paediatric and adult patients undergoing routine skin closure of linear, minimally contaminated incisions of the trunk or extremities and a written informed consent.
Statistical methods and sample size All patients who had a surgical intervention using the product under investigation without any protocol violation were included in the per-protocol analysis. A sample size of 100 patients was considered to be appropriate to detect absence of excessive adverse events. In addition the sample size was determined based on the number of patients, which could be recruited in a small multi-centric study within a reasonable period of time. The results from the present post-marketing clinical follow-up were analysed descriptively and compared with corresponding data from the literature. If the data of this study correspond to published data of Vicryl® Rapide, the suture material Novosyn® Quick was regarded as safe. For comparison of our study results with corresponding ranges from the literature, 95% confidence intervals (Agresti-Coull method) were applied.
Confidence intervals allowed establishing ranges for each analysed parameter. Statistical analysis was performed using SAS software version 9. 4 (SAS Institute Inc. , Cary, NC, USA). Variables with metric or ordinal scale were summarised with number of patients (N), minimum (Min), maximum (Max), median, mean, and standard deviation (SD). Categorical variables were summarised by category to absolute (N) and relative (%) frequency with missing values building an own category. Missing data were analysed as such and were not replaced by estimates. For statistical comparison the t-test was used.
Patient demographics and other baseline characteristics Age, gender, weight, height and Body Mass Index (BMI) of adult and paediatric patients are listed in Table  1. In total 32 men and 18 women were included in the study. The median (range) BMI of adults was 27. 19  (19. 27-39. 33 ) kg/m 2. The adult patients`median (range) age was 62 (30-87) years. One adult patient was African and 49 were Caucasian. In total 32 boys and 18 girls were included in the study. The median (range) age was 2. 92 years (1 month-13 years). The paediatric population was subdivided into 3 groups: 0-1 year (N = 19), 1 to 5 years (N = 17) and older than 5 years (N = 14). Demographic data related to paediatric age groups are listed in Table  1. All paediatric patients were Caucasian.
Similarly, the assessments of cosmesis in the paediatric group were performed by a mix of parents and children. The pooling of these data involves the potential for confounding. Only one surgeon assessed the postoperative scar. Additional evaluators would have strengthened findings. However, all evaluators were experienced professionals and results were comparable with the results raised from patients and parents. Further weaknesses are the use of a historical control group, the small sample size and the limited variety of included ethnic skin types. In our study, typical high volume cases of cutaneous sutures in adult and paediatric surgery were included. All patients were treated during daily clinical routine. The lengths of skin incisions reported in our study were corresponding to those reported in comparable literature and comprised short to medium long lengths of incisions.
Acknowledgements The authors would like to express their thankfulness towards all participating patients and families, as well as the caring nurses and surgeons in the  Service de chirurgie viscérale, Hôpital Saint-Louis ,  La Rochelle , France and the the  Department of Paediatric Surgery and Paediatric Urology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Germany. The authors would like to gratefully acknowledge  Viktor Breul, M. Sc. , Biomedical Statistician, Aesculap AG, Medical Scientific Affairs, Tuttlingen, Germany , for the statistical analysis.
Strains A Fusarium sp. strain was isolated from BAL fluid specimen of the patient in French Guiana and submitted to the WI, under accession number CBS 143874. Ex-type and reference strains spanning the known diversity of the FFSC were selected based on phylogenetic and morphological similarity to the strain under study (Table  1 ). The clinical isolate was grown on PDA slants for 7 d at 25 °C, and was maintained as working culture or stored in 20 % (v/v) glycerol at -80 °C for prolonged use.
Phylogenetic analyses Phylogenetic analyses of single loci and the combined dataset were carried out using three independent algorithms: Maximumlikelihood (ML), Maximum Parsimony (MP) and Bayesian inference (BI). Both ML and BI were run on the CIPRES Science Gateway portal  (Miller et al. 2012). Evolutionary models were calculated with MrModelTest v. 2. 3 using the Akaike information criterion  (Nylander 2004 ). For ML, RAxML-HPC2 v. 8. 2. 10 on XSEDE was used  (Stamatakis 2014) , with a bootstrap analysis (BS) based on default parameters. The BI analyses were run using MrBayes v. 3. 2. 6 on XSEDE  (Ronquist & Huelsenbeck 2003)  using four incrementally heated MCMC chains for 5 M generations and a sample frequency of every 1 000 trees. The 50 % consensus trees and posterior probabilities (PP) values were calculated after discarding the first 25 % of samples as burn-in.
may be confused. These opportunists present similar radiologic results, share comparable histologic appearances with hyaline, septate, branched hyphae and can cause similar clinical syndromes  (Hayden et al. 2003). It is, therefore, important to make the correct diagnosis to optimise treatment and improve prognosis. Similarly, the correct species-level identification for Fusarium infections is crucial for a positive outcome since different infectious species may present marked differences in their antifungal susceptibility patterns, at least in vitro  (Al-Hatmi et al. 2015). Our phylogenetic analysis based on a four gene dataset (cmdA, rpb2, tef and tub) showed that F. volatile belongs to the FFSC, where it formed a genetically exclusive, strongly supported monophyletic clade, phylogenetically related to F.
Collection 1 Source Country GenBank/ENA accession number 2 cmdA rpb2 tef1 tub F. agapanthi NRRL 54463 T Agapanthus praecox Australia KU900611 KU900625 KU900630 KU900635 NRRL 54464 Agapanthus praecox Australia KU900613 KU900627 KU900632 KU900637 F. ananatum CBS 118516 T Ananas comosus fruit South Africa LT996175 LT996137 LT996091 LT996112 CBS 118517 Ananas comosus fruit South Africa KU603990 KU604273 KU604480 KU603895 F. andiyazi CBS 119857 T Sorghum bicolor soil debris South Africa LT996176 LT996138 LT996092 LT996113 CBS 134430 Human Turkey KU603956 KU604232 KU604450 KU603867 F. anthophilum CBS 737. 97 Hippeastrum sp. Germany LT996177 LT996139 LT996093 LT996114 CBS 119859 Cymbidium sp. leaf spot New Zealand KU603988 KU604279 KU604427 KU603931 F. bactridioides NRRL 20476 Cronartium conigenum USA AF158343 - AF160290 U34434 F.
Collection 1 Source Country GenBank/ENA accession number 2 cmdA rpb2 tef1 tub Ghana AF158324 LT996151 AF160271 U34427 F. pseudonygamai CBS 417. 97 T Pennisetum typhoides Nigeria AF158316 LT996152 AF160263 U34421 F. ramigenum CBS 418. 98 T Ficus carica USA KF466335 KF466412 KF466423 KF466445 Fusarium sp. NRRL 25346 Pine pitch canker USA AF158349 - AF160296 U61642 NRRL 26756 Plant leaf litter Cuba AF158360 Not public AF160307 AF160336 NRRL 26757 Pine pitch canker USA AF158361 - AF160308 AF160351 F. subglutinans CBS 747. 97 Zea mays USA AF158342 JX171599 AF160289 U34417 F. sudanense CBS 454. 97 T Striga hermonthica Sudan LT996185 LT996155 KU711697 KU603909 F. temperatum NRRL 25622 Zea mays South Africa AF158354 Not public AF16030 AF160317 F. terricola CBS 483. 94 T Soil Australia KU603951 LT996156 KU711698 KU603908 F.
Statistical analysis Continuous variables are expressed as mean ± SD or median and range as appropriate according to distribution. They are compared using two-ways Student t-test or Mann-Whitney as appropriate. Qualitative variables are compared using Chi-square test. Overall (OS) and graft (GS) survival probabilities were calculated using Kaplan-Meier method from the time of transplantation. A multivariate analysis using logistic regression or a Cox-Model (for OS and GS) was performed on factors identified in univariate analysis with a p-value <0. 1. Statistical studies were performed on StatView 5. 0 for Windows (SAS) or SPSS for ROC curve.
Histology and morphometric analysis Tumors were collected, fixed in 10% normal buffered formalin, and sectioned (4 μm sections) after paraffin embedding. Slides (10 slides per group) were stained with trichrome masson stain to highlight fibrosis (appearing green). on. Pictures were taken at X100 magnification, and percentages of fibers were evaluated by 2 distinct operators. Pictures were taken under an inverted Nikon Microscope (Eclipse Ti Nikon, Champigny sur Marne, France). They were treated the NIS-Elements Nikon software, connected with a video camera. Tumor necrosis and atypical nuclei were determined by a trained pathologist of Bordeaux University Hospital (GB) (10 slides per group). Cellularity was quantified on fluorescence images by counting the number of nuclei (stained with DAPI) per field (n=1566, n=1853, n=1577, for CT, RT and RT+BFCs groups, respectively).
To investigate this unexpected result, we looked at ATM autophosphorylation (Ser1981), which is necessary for ATM kinase activity. BFC treatment diminished ATM phosphorylation as compared to RT alone (Figure  6C , p<0. 05). Next, we looked at downstream effectors of the double-stranded break DNA repair pathway. Both checkpoint kinases (Chk), Chk1 and Chk2 were activated by phosphorylation after RT treatment, with or without BFCs, similarly (Figure  6D ). Phosphorylation of p53 (Ser15) was significantly increased in RT treated tumors with BFCs (Figure  6E ). Ratios of BAX/BCL2 proteins increased significantly only in RT+BFC tumors (p<0. 05, Figure  6F ). Cell growth stagnation and cell death can occur by senescence and necroptosis induction, respectively. We evaluated senescence after combination treatment (RT+BFC) in vitro, by acidic beta-galactosidase stain and found very few beta-galactosidase-positive cells in all tested conditions (data not shown).
Statistical analysis The statistical analysis was performed on Microsoft Excel® (Microsoft Corp. , Redmond, WA, USA) and GraphPad Prism(GraphPad Software, Inc. , San Diego, CA, USA). Continuous non-normally distributed data are reported as medians (interquartile ranges). A Wilcoxon test was used to compare the time necessary to acquire the views and the mean scores for each reference view, after both simulator training and live-session training. If the trainee failed to acquire a view, it was not scored and the time was not counted. However, if the trainee presented a view other than the one required, or if the view was abnormal, the time was counted and the view was scored using the usual criteria. A P value < 0. 05 was considered significant.
Data on vaccination, on factors that negatively impact RTI outcomes, on resource utilization, and on productivity loss were obtained from US national databases. Analyses were performed for both meta-analyses independently. Outcomes included cost savings for the health care payer, related to a reduced number of RTI episodes, less outpatient consultations, and decreased medical prescriptions as well as cost savings from a broader societal perspective related to productivity loss. The analysis showed that generalized probiotic intake in the US population for 2017-2018 would have allowed cost savings for the health care payer of 4. 6 million USD based on the YHEC scenario and 373 million USD for the Cochrane scenario, by averting 19 million and 54. 5 million RTI sick days, respectively, compared to no probiotics.
All individuals in the cohort were evaluated under each of the two probiotic intake regimens, generalized probiotic use versus no probiotic use. For the analysis of each regimen, each subject started FIGURE 1 | Model structure. in the "at-risk" state and could move to "ongoing RTI" according to predefined transition probabilities, calculated based on US epidemiology data. The cycle length was 1 day, and the time horizon was 1 year, reflecting the 2017-2018 influenza season of FluView data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).