dataesr/scientific-paragraphs-categorization huggingface dataset:
The IHM instability strips as observed by Gaia In a global sense, pulsation theory successfully predicts the occurrence of modes in OBAF-type main sequence stars in the HR diagram (see e. g. ,  Dupret et al. 2005; Townsend 2005 ; A36, page 4 of 22 Fig. 3. Distribution of the Galactic sources of the dataset shown in Fig. 2 , limited to those 71 490 stars with 0 < σ / ≤ 0. 25, projected on the equatorial plane of the Galactocentric reference frame. Miglio et al. 2007; Daszyńska-Daszkiewicz et al. 2013; Xiong et al. 2016; Szewczuk & Daszyńska-Daszkiewicz 2017; Burssens et al. 2020, and references therein). However, discrepancies between mode excitation predictions and observations occur, both at the level of the observed samples as a whole and for the various detected modes in individual pulsators.
The period-luminosity relation of δ Sct stars δ Sct stars pulsating in the radial fundamental (F) and/or in the first overtone (1O) mode show a period-luminosity relation, albeit with a larger scatter than for Cepheids (see e. g. ,  McNamara et al. 2007; McNamara 2011; Ziaali et al. 2019; Jayasinghe et al. 2020; Poro et al. 2021). For these modes, the pulsation constant Q ≡ P ¯ / ¯ is more or less constant over the instability strip, and the dominant stellar property that correlates with the stellar mean density is the luminosity L, hence the PL relation  (Breger 2000). To establish the relation as seen using the Gaia DR3 dataset, we first computed the reddening-insensitive period-Wesenheit (PW) relation. The absolute Wesenheit index W was computed using W = M G -1. 9 (G BP -G RP ), (2) where M G is the absolute magnitude in the G-band taken from the Gaia DR3 astrophysical_parameters table (gspphot).
Similarly to the case of classical Cepheids, we assumed a value of 0. 1 mag for this quantity. We minimised Eq. (  7 ) using the Python minimisation routine optimize. minimize (included in the Scipy package  Virtanen et al. 2020). To provide robust uncertainties on the coefficients α and β of the PW relation, we used a bootstrap procedure in which we repeated the fit to the data of Eq. (  7 ) 1000 times, each time with a randomised bootstrap sample, and obtained a different α and β value for each repetition. Our best estimate for these two parameters is then the median of the resulting distributions, while for the uncertainty we used 1. 4826 • MAD (median absolute dispersion). In a first attempt, we fitted the PW relation over the whole period range of 0. 04-0. 20 days, but it became clear that a single linear fit is not able to represent the empirical PW relation as the data show a break or a non-linearity (see Fig.
Finally, we are able to confirm that stellar rotation has a direct impact on the observed oscillation amplitude of δ Sct stars, in the sense that increasing rotation decreases the amplitude. The v sin i data necessary to establish this result were derived from Gaia DR3 spectroscopic esphs data. We were able to quantify the order of magnitude of the gradient, arriving at roughly 46 µmag per km s -1. Despite the not yet perfect photometric calibration of the Gaia DR3 data, we were able to demonstrate the great potential of combined and homogeneously sampled photometric, spectroscopic, and astrometric Gaia data to investigate OBAF-type main sequence pulsators, and we look forward to the more extensive Gaia DR4 and DR5 data for which we expect the time series to be less prone to high-frequency instrumental variations.
We re-analysed these Kepler light curves in the Fourier domain in the same way as was done for the Gaia DR3 G-band epoch photometry, using the generalised Lomb-Scargle periodogram  (Zechmeister & Kürster 2009) , and extracted the two dominant frequencies in the interval [0, 25] d -1. After derivation of the dominant periodic signal, the second strongest frequency was extracted after prewhitening of the dominant frequency and its harmonics up to fourth order. Given that the Kepler data are almost free of any aliasing, while instrumental effects occur at the level of only a few µmag, we know the two dominant frequencies of these 63 g-mode pulsating dwarfs up to high precision. This allows us to assess the occurrence of the instrumental effects present in the Gaia DR3 G-band epoch photometry, which occur at mmag level and hence contaminate the pulsational g-mode signal quite severely.
Acknowledgements. This work presents results from the  European Space Agency (ESA)  space mission Gaia. Gaia data are being processed by the  Gaia Data Processing and Analysis Consortium (DPAC). Funding for the DPAC is provided by national institutions, in particular the institutions participating in the Gaia MultiLateral Agreement (MLA). The Gaia mission website is https://www. cosmos. esa. int/gaia. The Gaia archive website is https: //archives. esac. esa. int/gaia. The full acknowledgements are available in Appendix A. Agence  Nationale de la Recherche (ANR)  through grant  ANR-10-IDEX-0001-02  for the ' Investissements d'avenir' programme , through grant  ANR-15-CE31-0007  for project ' Modelling the Milky Way in the Gaiaera' (MOD4Gaia) , through grant  ANR-14-CE33-0014-01  for project 'The  Milky Way disc formation in the Gaiaera' (ARCHEOGAL) , through grant  ANR-15-CE31-0012-01  for project ' Unlocking the potential of Cepheids as primary distance calibrators' (UnlockCepheids) , through grant  ANR-19-CE31-0017  for project ' Secular evolution of galxies' (SEGAL ), and through grant  ANR-18-CE31-0006  for project ' Galactic Dark Matter' (GaDaMa ), the  Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)  and its  SNO Gaiaof the Institut des Sciences de l'Univers (INSU) , its  Programmes Nationaux: Cosmologie et Galaxies (PNCG) ,  Gravitation Références Astronomie Métrologie (PNGRAM) ,  Planétologie (PNP) ,  Physique et Chimie du Milieu Interstellaire (PCMI) , and  Physique Stellaire (PNPS) , the ' Action Fédératrice Gaia' of the Observatoire de Paris , the  Région de Franche-Comté , the  Institut National Polytechnique (INP)  and the  Institut National de Physique nucléaire et de Physique des Particules (IN2P3)  co-funded by  CNES ; the  German Aerospace Agency  ( Deutsches Zentrum für Luft-und Raumfahrt e.
Anders), the Severo Ochoa Centre of Excellence Programme (SEV2015-0493), and MICIN/AEI/10. 13039/501100011033 (and the European Union through European Regional Development Fund 'A way of making Europe') through grant RTI2018-095076-B-C21, the Institute of Cosmos Sciences University of Barcelona (ICCUB, Unidad de Excelencia 'María de Maeztu') through grant CEX2019-000918-M, the University of Barcelona's official doctoral programme for the development of an R+D+i project through an Ajuts de Personal Investigador en Formació (APIF) grant, the Spanish Virtual Observatory through project AyA2017-84089, the Galician Regional Government, Xunta de Galicia, through grants ED431B-2021/36, ED481A-2019/155, and ED481A-2021/296, the Centro de Investigación en Tecnologías de la Información y las Comunicaciones (CITIC), funded by the Xunta de Galicia and the European Union (European Regional Development Fund -Galicia 2014-2020 Programme), through grant ED431G-2019/01, the Red Española de Supercomputación (RES) computer resources at MareNostrum, the Barcelona Supercomputing Centre -Centro Nacional de Supercomputación (BSC-CNS) through activities AECT-2017-2-0002, AECT-2017-3-0006, AECT-2018-1-0017, AECT-2018-2-0013, AECT-2018-3-0011, AECT-2019-1-0010, AECT-2019-2-0014, AECT-2019-3-0003, AECT-2020-1-0004, and DATA-2020-1-0010, the Departament d'Innovació, Universitats i Empresa de la Generalitat de Catalunya through grant 2014-SGR-1051 for project 'Models de Programació i Entorns d'Execució Parallels' (MPEXPAR), and Ramon y Cajal Fellowship RYC2018-025968-I funded by MICIN/AEI/10.
Chemin); -the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) through grants 11573054, 11703065, and 12173069, the China Scholarship Council through grant 201806040200, and the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai through grant 21ZR1474100; -the Tenure Track Pilot Programme of the Croatian Science Foundation and the École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lau- sanne and the project TTP-2018-07-1171 'Mining the Vari- able Sky', with the funds of the Croatian-Swiss Research Programme; -the Czech-Republic Ministry of Education, Youth, and Sports through grant LG 15010 and INTER-EXCELLENCE grant LTAUSA18093, and the Czech Space Office through ESA PECS contract 98058; -the Danish Ministry of Science; -the Estonian Ministry of Education and Research through grant IUT40-1; -the European Commission's Sixth Framework Programme through the European Leadership in Space Astrometry (ELSA) Marie Curie Research Training Network (MRTN- CT-2006-033481), through Marie Curie project PIOF- GA-2009-255267 (Space AsteroSeismology & RR Lyrae stars, SAS-RRL), and through a Marie Curie Transfer- of-Knowledge (ToK) fellowship (MTKD-CT-2004-014188); the European Commission's Seventh Framework Pro- gramme through grant FP7-606740 (FP7-SPACE-2013-1) for the Gaia European Network for Improved data User Ser- vices (GENIUS) and through grant 264895 for the Gaia Research for European Astronomy Training (GREAT-ITN) network; -the European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) through COST Action CA18104 'Revealing the Milky Way with Gaia(MW-Gaia)'; -the European Research Council (ERC) through grants 320360, 647208, and 834148 and through the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation and excel-.
The results confirmed the dose-response relationship of mesothelioma and asbestos exposure and showed the spatial distribution of mesothelioma risk in the area of Casale Monferrato  [10, 27, 28, 31]. The sources of environmental exposure include the direct emissions from the plant, the transport of raw asbestos and of asbestos cement products to and from the factory, and the use of asbestos cement tailings in the city  [10, 27, 31]. Methodologically the activity confirmed the importance of direct interviews whenever possible, as they are more informative on asbestos exposure than proxy interviews. The data from the Piedmont Mesothelioma Registry documented the relative contribution of occupational and non-occupational asbestos exposure in Casale Monferrato. Table  1  reports absolute numbers of incident mesothelioma cases in the population of Casale Monferrato broken down by sex, period of diagnosis, and type of exposure.
The table presents the number of mesothelioma cases diagnosed in Casale Monferrato population, either ever employed in Eternit premises (Eternit employees or hired by subcontracted enterprises in charge of activities such as cleaning, transportation, etc. ) or reporting indirect exposure to asbestos from the Eternit facility. For the present analyses, the latter category included the following: (i) residents ever living within 2 km from the Eternit plant; (ii) spouses and cohabitants of Eternit workers; and (iii) subjects ever living in houses where asbestos materials originating from the Eternit plant (such as scrap asbestos-cement materials, including the fine dust from lathing asbestos-cement pipes) were present. These figures are not exhaustive of the number of cases associated to Casale Monferrato and to Eternit: in residents of other towns, 66 mesothelioma cases were diagnosed as related to past employment at Eternit (16 women and 50 men) and 168 with past environmental exposure from living in Casale Monferrato (78 women and 90 men) (data not tabulated).
The RML started data collection in 2000 as a part of the ReNaM  [47]. Data collection procedures follow the ReNaM guidelines  [24]. In summary, it collects all MM cases diagnosed in people living in Lombardy (currently almost 10 million inhabitants) at the time of diagnosis from regional and extra-regional hospitals. The final clinical diagnosis is reviewed on an individual basis after examining the relevant clinical information, including imaging and pathology reports. Exposure information is collected through the ReNaM questionnaire administered to patients or next of kin by trained interviewers. The information stored in the RML database allows the tracking of clusters of MM cases attributable to the same workplace, including Fibronit workers and subjects who had ever lived in Broni. Using these data, the assessment of the impact of the Fibronit factory on MM incidence in the area of Broni was updated through the year 2016  [48].
Occupational history, lifestyle habits, and residential history are investigated using a standardized questionnaire  [24]. The CORs periodically transmit data to ReNaM, which provides epidemiological analyses, publishes national reports, and promotes specific research projects. The Italian experience of MM incident cases registration provides evidence about the capacity of an epidemiological surveillance system to contribute to scientific knowledge, to increase the effectiveness of the insurance system for occupational diseases, to support the asbestos exposure prevention policies, and to gain awareness of health effects risks in exposed workers and general population. The median survival period for pleural MM is still very poor and is shorter for peritoneal and pericardial mesothelioma  [51] [52] [53].
According to asbestos consumption in the past and using a set of age-period-cohort models, the forecast scenarios of mesothelioma mortality was estimated, predicting the plateau of the disease incidence and mortality rates between 2015 and 2025  [56] [57] [58] [59]. The geographical distribution of mesothelioma cases has been used to identify geographical clusters  [60, 61]. Mesothelioma occurrence was used as a proxy for asbestos exposure in order to estimate the extent of asbestos-related lung cancer mortality, finding a ratio of 1:1 between the two diseases  [62]. According to the purposes fixed by law, ReNaM carries out the surveillance system of mesothelioma cases of all anatomical sites. Detailed analyses of peritoneal mesothelioma cases' epidemiology have been performed comparing incidence and mortality data  [63].
The key point of the mesothelioma unit is to maintain a very strong connection between research and whole patient care. In this view, in the last 12 years, 800 patients have been enrolled in clinical trials, and 250 have received experimental drugs within about 15 interventional multicenter studies. Research activity is increasing more and more, with active recruitment in a worldwide, competitive manner in order to ensure patients the best treatment options and the opportunity to have access to new drugs  [108, 109]. As a starting point to implement translational research projects, a Biobank has been setup at Alessandria Hospital since 1990. Now, it includes more than 800 biological samples, including about 500 mesothelioma samples, matched to clinical information from our database. The biobank has been recently accepted as part of BBMRI-ERIC, a European research infrastructure for biobanking.
There is a need to promote and support collaboration among the national and international reference centers (specifically with mesothelioma expertise) through data collection, which is crucial to share precious information. In this frame, the unit recently entered the EHDEN (European Health Data and Evidence Network) community, a European network aiming at harmonizing source data to the OMOP common data model locally. A common national or European multicenter database with fast access to patient data would provide an integrated and shared mechanism to enable the timely implementation of clinical trials and robust translational research. As to our knowledge, there is no screening program for mesothelioma active in any country in the world since there is no screening test with adequate sensitivity and specificity, and above all, there is no curative treatment even for subjects diagnosed with in situ or early-stage mesothelioma.
The mesothelioma cluster in Sibaté was documented initially with 15 confirmed cases  [88] , while the number of cases identified in Casale Monferrato that were hospitalized in the decade preceding 1983 was 70  [15]. However, in comparative terms, the number of cases in Sibaté could be misleading since major problems were identified in the official health databases that could lead to an underestimation of cases. Moreover, the age-adjusted incidence rates in Sibaté clearly indicate an excess number of mesothelioma cases in both males and, more strikingly, in females  [88]. The alliance created in Casale Monferrato between academy, local physician, and both municipal and regional authorities was fundamental for the swift response to the problem that was discovered  [102]. In Sibaté, although the researchers made several requests, it was impossible to establish collaborations with local authorities to address the worrisome situation that was discovered.
These new experimental data and more consistent fission models change the evaluated PFNS, ] p , and (n,f) cross sections, some only modestly, compared to ENDF/B-VIII. 0. In turn, the individual new nuclear data distinctly change simulated effective neutron multiplication factors of fast critical assemblies, but their combined impact is small, while affecting the prediction of LLNL pulsed sphere neutron leakage spectra and reaction rates only within experimental uncertainties. Also, the parameters obtained from fitting to ] p reproduce various post-scission fission observables within the uncertainties of experimental data. This indicates that new differential experiments and consistent fission modeling reduce compensating errors present in ENDF/B-VIII. 0.
Neutron-induced fission events are measured using a parallel-plate avalanche counter (PPAC) target  [33]. Neutrons are detected with two detector arrays in two separate experiments: a twenty-two detector Liglass array to measure PFNS neutrons from ~0. 01-1. 5 MeV and the other a fifty-four detector liquid scintillator array for neutrons from ~0. 8-10. 0 MeV. Data from both neutron detection arrays are combined to form a single PFNS shape result for outgoing neutron energies E out = 0. 01-10. 0 MeV, at twenty contiguous E inc ranges from 1. 0 to 20. 0 MeV. Covariances for each PFNS are calculated including statistical and all systematic uncertainties from, e. g. , input nuclear data for MCNP simulations, fission detection efficiency, and more  [22]  for PFNS across all E out and E inc. Results from various target isotopes (e.
1  This measurement was performed at the WNR facility of LANSCE at LANL for 1-700 MeV incident neutron energies, thus extending the energy range of available experimental data from 30 to 700 MeV. The resulting experimental data agree within 0. 3% with a trend predicted by a statistical analysis of all previous experimental data listed in Table  1  up to 7 MeV, thus validating the bulk of previous data obtained with an independent technique. Above 7 MeV, structures arise related to the opening of second and higher-chance fission. Such structures were clearly visible for the first time in Marini et al. data. In addition to that, the Marini measurement benefits from a better understanding of the fission process compared to 30 years ago that allowed, for instance, for better-informed corrections for the angular distributions of fission fragments.
Pu ] p , all experimental data in the EXFOR database  [59]  were analyzed by studying their EXFOR entries and literature. Only those data sets listed in Table  1  were adopted for the evaluation; reasons for rejecting other data sets are documented in  [60]. Total covariances, Cov tot i,j , were estimated by Cov tot i,j k δ k i Cor k i,j δ k j , for each and between experiments using a new module in the code ARIADNE  [61]. This procedure accounts for uncertainty values, δ k i , and correlation coefficients, Cor k i,j , for an independent uncertainty source k at E inc i or j. Special care was taken to estimate uncertainties consistently across all data sets in the database by accounting for uncertainty sources typically encountered in ] p liquid scintillator ratio measurement. If no uncertainty values were reported in the literature for a specific source, these missing values were estimated based on templates of expected uncertainties for this measurement type  [9].
While systematic uncertainties were missing for at least one source per measurement (Table  1 ), statistical uncertainties, δs, dominate the total ones. δs ranges from 1% to 2% contrary to total systematic uncertainties with values of 0. 5%-0. 9%, where the common usage of the Neutron Data Standards 252 Cf(sf) ] t significantly contributes with 0. 42%  [10]. Nearly the same data as for the ENDF/B-VIII. 0 evaluation of  239.
Pu ] p  [62]  were adopted with the exception of the data of Huanqiao, Nesterov, Johnstone, Smirenkin and Leroy. The latter three data sets are too uncertain to influence the evaluation, while the former two were down-weighted in the evaluation of  [62]  by doubling their uncertainties compared to those in EXFOR. The experimental uncertainties also differ in as far as the evaluation of  [62]  adopted most uncertainties as reported in the EXFOR database, while here a detailed uncertainty estimate was undertaken.
Average prompt fission neutron multiplicity, ] p Three ] p evaluations are compared in Figures  4, 5 : Two ] p evaluations are obtained via GLS based on only experimental data, (1) for the database without Marini, and (2) with Marini data. In evaluation (3), the Kalman filter method is used to bring in the CGMF model. This three-evaluation approach allows us to assess the impact of Marini data and CGMF. Also, evaluation (1) is expected to differ little from ENDF/B-VIII. 0. For ENDF/B-VIII. 0 239 Pu ] p , GLS was applied to experimental data and covariances with an uninformative prior, similarly to how ARIADNE was used to evaluate ] p based on only experimental data. The resulting evaluated ] p were smoothed for ENDF/B-VIII. 0. The new GLS results for ] p without Marini data meander around ENDF/B-VIII.
Incident beam neutrons could also be downgraded in energy by multiple scattering in the surrounding materials. If neutrons are assumed to be measured at higher E inc than they actually are, fewer neutrons per fission will be appropriated to that energy. Parasitic scattering cross sections of 16 O, 27 Al, and 1 H show either resonances or have high scattering cross sections ( 1 H) in this energy range, and could be responsible for downgrading neutron-beam energies. If Marini data are included, ] p slightly rises below 1 MeV because of correlations between data sets arising from the common 252 Cf(sf) ] t monitor. Starting with 1 MeV, Marini data change the shape of the evaluation, most notably above 4 MeV. First, the evaluated data decrease around 4 MeV and then are slightly higher, only to decrease again below ENDF/ B-VIII.
0 for 7-12 MeV. The second evaluation with Marini is higher from 12 to 14 MeV and then lower again. These structures appear at the second and third-chance fission thresholds and have a plausible physics basis. Historic data sets did not show this effect as large statistical uncertainties wash out these subtle structures. Applying smoothing algorithms to evaluated data without the physics information of second and third chance fission removed any remnants of this effect from the ENDF/ B-VIII. 0 ] p. Marini data are able to resolve these structures for the first time and thus lead to small changes in evaluated data above 4 MeV, while remaining minimal below 4 MeV. Thus, the Marini data, which measured 239 Pu ] p for the first time with the double time-of-flight technique, validate the trend seen from historic data that were all measured with the liquid-scintillator ratio method.