dataesr/scientific-paragraphs-categorization huggingface dataset:
Results The electronic research through three different databases generated a total of 8318 references, which were reduced to 6441 after duplicate removal. After the examination of titles and abstracts, 6335 studies were excluded because of their study design incompatibility with this review. A total of 106 potentially relevant studies accessed the full-text evaluation phase. From these, 19 were excluded because there was no access to the fulltext manuscript  [28] [29] [30] [31] [32] [33] [34] [35] [36] [37] [38] [39] [40] [41] [42] [43] [44] [45] , resulting in a final number of 87 publications included for further qualitative assessment (Figure  1 ). After a full-text review, 9 articles were excluded because the bond strength was not tested  [46] [47] [48] [49] [50] [51] [52] [53] [54] , leaving 78 publications for qualitative analysis.
Of these, 10 studies were excluded from the quantitative analysis: 1 study did not present the data in the form of mean and SD  [55] , 3 studies did not have other studies for making comparisons  [43, 56, 57] , 3 studies did not contain a clearly defined control group  [58] [59] [60] , and in 3 articles, complete data could not be extracted  [32, 61, 62]. Thus, 68 studies were included in the meta-analysis. The qualitative synthesis of the studies included in this systematic review are summarized in Table  S1. Both E&R and SE adhesives were identified; universal adhesives applied in both adhesive strategies were recognized too. Several strategies were identified, including the active application of the adhesive, multiple-layer application, the application of the adhesive using an electric current, an extended application time, the application of an extra hydrophobic resin layer, the application of the adhesive using an ultrasonic device, Cells 2023, 12, 190 6 of 22 and a shortened application time.
Objective: This study aimed to assess the influence of mandibular third molar surgical removal on the periodontal status of adjacent second molars and to investigate the potential impact of the flap design. Methods: A systematic review of the literature, registered in PROSPERO, has been carried out from Pubmed and Scopus databases following PRISMA guidelines from January 2010 to January 2022. PICO method was used to select the relevant articles. Studies comparing the periodontal status of the second molar before and after mandibular third molar removal were considered. Results: Twenty-three studies involving 1067 patients were included. The two main parameters studied were periodontal pocket depth and clinical attachment level. The envelope flap and the triangular flap were the most commonly used flap techniques.
Search strategy and selection criteria An electronic search of the MEDLINE _ Pubmed and Scopus databases was carried out using the following search combination: " ("Third molar" OR wisdom) AND (second molar) AND (periodontitis OR "bone loss" OR PPD OR CAL OR attachment OR pocket OR flap)". This research was completed manually through the list of references of all publications included by the search. We searched for clinical studies published in English from January 2010 to January 2022. Studies comparing periodontal status of adjacent second molars before and after impacted mandibular third molars removal and/or comparing different flap designs were considered. Only randomized and prospective clinical trials were included. Retrospective studies, case series and case reports were thus excluded.
Screening of studies and data collection Following the eligibility criteria defined beforehand, three independent reviewers (LM, MR and MF) performed the article selection and data extraction. After duplicates removal, titles and abstracts were screened in the first time according to the following questions: "What's the influence of impacted lower third molar removal on periodontal health of adjacent second molars? And did the flap design can influence the periodontal health of adjacent second molars ?". Full-text articles were then assessed, and finally, the article selection was made. Any disagreement between the reviewers on the eligibility of particular studies was resolved through discussion with a fourth reviewer (SC). Data were finally extracted using structured generated tables. Collection of data such as the type of study, number of patients included, study duration, periodontal parameters or flap design were reported and synthetized in data boards.
Search outcomes Initial research generated 152 potentially relevant articles from Scopus and 194 from PubMed databases. Elimination of duplicates led to 296 publications. After screening titles and abstracts, 29 publications were retained for further investigations. Then, a selection was made based on the full text of articles and eight articles were excluded for not meeting the inclusion criteria. Furthermore, two articles were selected thanks to the manual research in the bibliography of the chosen articles. Finally, 23 studies involving 1067 patients requiring impacted or partially impacted lower third molars removal were included in this systematic review and the follow-up duration spanned between two weeks to two years (Tab. I). The selection process is shown in Figure  1  (flowchart).
Statistical Analysis Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software (version 17, SPSS, Chicago, IL, USA). The normality was verified with the Shapiro-Wilk test. However, when the normality test was not passed, an analysis of the variance on ranks, along with a multiple comparison procedure (Tukey's test), was performed to determine whether significant differences existed in the remaining material values between the different retreatments. The lapse to complete the retreatment of all groups was determined using the t-test, and the chi-square test was used to determine whether significant differences existed in the re-establishing of the working length. In all tests, a statistical significance level of α = 0. 05 was adopted.
Study design and setting We conducted a retrospective analysis of routinely collected data of patients admitted to the Noma Children Hospital in Sokoto, Northwest Nigeria from 1 May 2018 to 1 May 2020. The hospital was established in 1999 and has been receiving support from MSF since 2015. A fulltime physiotherapy service in the hospital began in late 2017, hence noma patients' mouth opening data before this time were not available. The hospital treats an average of 100 cases of noma per year.
Study participants WHO Stage 3 (gangrene) and 4 (scarring) noma patients who were admitted at the Noma Children Hospital during the study period that have not undergone any surgical reconstruction or trismus release surgery but received physiotherapy assessment and treatment during initial hospitalization were included in the study. Patients routinely collected data were used retrospectively in this study and as such patients were neither approached nor assessed for research purposes. Age as one of the variables in this study was categorized into two groups which are age group 0-3yrs and age group >3yrs based on the approximate age at which a child can independently understand and respond to instructions during a physiotherapy session.
Our study did not identify any association between the relationship of caregivers to the noma patient that received physiotherapy treatment and change in mouth opening, though the complex caregiving relationships may have been difficult to categorize and analyse through this quantitative analysis and needs further exploration. The study did have some limitations. As a retrospective study of routinely collected data, the number of variables that could be analysed for their relationship to mouth opening was limited to what was included in the database. For example, the presence of malnutrition or other co-morbidities may affect the gains made in physiotherapy but were not evaluated in this study. In addition, this study did not contain a comparison group of patients who did not undergo physiotherapy.
Acknowledgments We sincerely appreciate the staff at  MSF-OCA, Nigeria Mission  and the  Noma Children Hospital, Sokoto  that has contributed in one way or the other to the success of this study. We say a big thank you to  Elise Farley  for her immense contribution, support and guidance. Thanks to  Elburg Van Botzlear  for critically reviewing the early versions of this manuscript and  Emily Amundson  for making out time out of her busy schedule to review this manuscript.
Different characteristics of bars (cross-sectional shape, diameter, distal extension etc) lead to different biomechanical behavior (retention and stress) with implants and peri-implant tissues. Aim: To evaluate the impact of bar designs in fully edentulous arch (in the maxilla and/or mandibula), with 4 implants or more, on the peri-implant soft and hard tissues. Two reviewers searched for observational studies, RCT and in vitro studies, published on ve main databases and three from the grey literature, without restrictions on February 2022. Of the 2784 selected articles, 6 met the inclusion criteria. Three RCT evaluated peri-implant health tissues in full edentulous arches with 4 or 6 implants rehabilitated with implant bar overdentures. One prospective study with 5 years follow-up evaluated the success/survival rate of implants and implant bar overdentures.
Information sources and search strategy Detailed individual search strategies were developed for each bibliographic electronic database: PubMed (including Medline), Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science. A grey literature search was performed on Google Scholar and Open Grey. All database searches were conducted from the starting coverage date through February 7rd, 2022. More information on the search strategies was provided in Appendix 1. Furthermore, the authors hand-searched the reference lists of the selected articles for any additional references that might have been missed in the database searches. All references were managed and the duplicated hits were removed by a reference manager software (EndNote X7® Basic-Thomson Reuters, New York, EUA).
Study Selection The initial database search identi ed 2784 studies. After eliminating duplicated hits, 1018 studies remained; 997 of them were excluded after title and abstract revision, resulting in a nal number of 21 articles. Furthermore, 567 studies were found with Google Scholar, and 4 with OpenGrey. Three of them were selected for full-text reading. No additional study was selected from hand-search of the references lists of the included studies. Thus, 25 studies became part of phase-2. During phase-2, a total of 19 studies were excluded (reasons for exclusion may be found in Appendix 2). Four studies were included for qualitative synthesis. A owchart of the process of identi cation, inclusion and exclusion of studies is shown in Fig. 1.
Study risk of bias assessment Two methodological appraisal tools were utilized: 1) in observational studies, Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) critical appraisal checklist was used. It mainly evaluates the confounding bias, the study's assessment method, and statistical analysis  (22). 2) For Randomized Clinical Trials (RCT), the version 2 of Cochrane Collaboration's tool for assessing risk of bias was chosen (RoB 2  (23). Two reviewers (N. O and L. B) scored each item as "yes", "no" or "unclear", and classi ed independently the quality of each included study as "high", "low" or "unclear" risk of bias. The same two reviewers worked out on any differences regarding data analysis. A third author (A. L. P) was involved to steer decision in case of uncertainty. Figures of the quality assessment of all included studies were generated with Review Manager 5.
Risk of bias across studies and reporting bias assessment The risk of bias across studies was assessed as an overall risk the study results may present, on which could in uence meta-analysis data. Methodological and statistical heterogeneity were evaluated by comparing the variability in study design and the risk of bias. When the required data were not complete, the reviewer (N. O) attempted to contact the study authors to retrieve any unpublished information. Three attempts were made in a 30 days' period, by email for the rst, second and last author.
Material and method A single-center retrospective study was conducted in University Hospital of Strasbourg (France) from 2013 to 2022. All patients diagnosed with GCTB confirmed by the regional tumor board and treated by denosumab in adjuvant, neoadjuvant therapy or denosumab as the only therapy and who had oro-dental follow-up in oral surgery department or by the patient's dentist, were rewieved. Inclusion criteria also included available data in medical records (i. e. pathological analysis, X-rays, surgical and medical management of the disease, comorbidities (e. g. tobacco, diabetes), socio-demographic data) and oro-dental follow-up. Exclusion criteria were lack of health data and/or uncertain diagnosis of GCTB. All patients received denosumab at a dose of 120 mg per month with loading dose at D7, D15 and D28, as well as vitamin and calcium supplementation.
Results A total of 21 patients with a diagnosis of GCTB were identified by cross-referencing databases of pathology and oncology departments. Of these 21 patients, a decision was taken to propose denosumab treatment for 13 of them, of whom only 10 were included in the present study, as one patient had not yet started denosumab treatment at the time of inclusion, another benefited from a collegial decision to discontinue care for others reasons than his GCTB, and the last one because of the lack of follow-up before treatment was initiated. Of these 10 patients, 7 were women and 3 men, with an average age of 48. 1 years, half of whom had a history of smoking. The locations of the GCTBs were: 2 in the sacrum, 2 in the femur, 1 in the tibia, 1 in the thumb, 1 in the hallux, 1 in the temporal bone, 1 in the sphenoid sinus and 1 in the mandible.
| Patients and healthy donors Ten patients with LP, excluding patients with erosive oral LP and 10 with LSA were enrolled, at a time when skin or mucosal lesions were flaring. The Institutional Review Board (Comité de Protection des Personnes Ile de France IV, n°IRB 00003835) approved the study (EUDRACT n°2015-A01697-42). The patients were fully informed and gave a written consent for blood and skin collections. For all of them, blood and a viral skin swab were collected. Skin biopsies of LP and LSA lesions for research purpose were optional and realized in a subset of willing patients as indicated in Table  S1. Healthy donors (HD) were blood donors from the French National Blood Service, seven were analysed in flow cytometry and 20, sex-and age-matched to the 10 LP and 10 LSA patients, were analysed for molecular biology studies.
Overall, our data collectively suggest an involvement of HPV16-specific CTL in different clinical forms of LP, not only in erosive oral LP, while a different scenario operates in LSA. K E Y W O R D S cytotoxic T lymphocytes, human papilloma virus, lichen planus, T-cell, T-cell receptor 16000625, 0, Downloaded from https://onlinelibrary. wiley. com/doi/10. 1111/exd. 14788 by Inrae -Dipso, Wiley Online Library on [19/04/2023]. See the Terms and Conditions (https://onlinelibrary. wiley. com/terms-and-conditions) on Wiley Online Library for rules of use; OA articles are governed by the applicable Creative Commons License.
Background: A child's temperament could have an influence on his/her behaviour in the dental environment. This review aims to present the main temperament surveys and their clinical use and to discuss the relationship between certain temperament dimensions and Dental Behaviour Management Problems (DBMP). Methods: A literature search was conducted in Medline/PubMed, ScienceDirect, Wiley Online Library and Cochrane library electronic databases for publications, up to June 2022, investigating the link between child's temperament and DBMP. Results: From 733 potentially eligible studies, 12 were included in qualitative synthesis. Conclusion: According to studies using the Child Behaviour Questionnaire (CBQ) scale, the most impactful dimensions are activity, extraversion and surgency, high-intensity pleasure and attention control.
Search Strategy A literature search in the electronic databases Medline/PubMed and Cochrane was performed up to June 2022 with the following keywords: temperament, child behaviour and dental environment. In addition, the bibliographies of included articles were scanned manually to identify any additional relevant articles. The search strategy is shown in Table  1. The search was updated and extended to several other databases-ScienceDirect and Wiley Online Library-in November 2022 to identify new studies published since the original search was conducted.
Search strategy The methodology of the SR met PRISMA requirements (Fig. 1 ). An electronic search was undertaken in the Medline (Pubmed), JOMOS and Cochrane databases, between February and April 2021, without restriction of inclusion date. After discussion, the most relevant search equation contained the keywords in Mesh term for the anatomical location and in Mesh Major Topic term for the relevant pathology. Thus, the most relevant search equation entered on Pubmeb was the following: ".
Statistical analyses Descriptive analyses were performed to analyze the data extraction from our SR and from the selected articles. Statistical analysis was not feasible due to a too large difference in numbers (29 cases of GCTs for our SR compared to 5094 cases of GCGs for the RSLs of Chrcanovic and al. ). Statistical analysis was not possible due to a large difference in the number of participants in each group (SR vs RS), which did not meet the requirements for statistical tests.
Results Concerning the SR about GCTs, the database search yielded 181 results. After analysis, 29 articles were retained, and the reading of the full texts allowed the inclusion of 19 articles. 6 additional articles were included from the bibliographic references of the articles selected by this search. A total of 25 articles, which included data from 29 cases and covering a publication period from 1953 to 2020, were employed. The selected articles were all single case reports (1-2 cases) (Table  1A ). Regarding GCGs, we used the two SRLs on GCGs published by Chrcanovic et al. as specified in the materials and methods section (Table  1B )  [11, 12]. The RS included 35 patients.
Degree of conversion measurement For each of the three materials analysed, cylindrical samples (6 mm in diameter and 2 mm in height) were prepared using a suitable silicone mould. A total of 3 samples of each RMGIC studied were lightcured for 20 s (Radii Expert lamp, SDI) immediately after mixing the capsules, while 3 samples of each were evaluated in self-curing mode without initial light curing. The composite resin tested was analysed only after light curing (n = 3). All samples were stored in distilled water at 37°C protected from light for one week before measuring their degree of conversion (DC). DC was measured by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) with a NicoletTM iS10 spectrometer (Thermo Fisher Scienti c, Waltham, MA, USA) in attenuated total re ectance (ATR) mode. Spectra were collected using OMNIC software (Thermo Electron Corporation, Waltham, MA, USA).
Statistical analysis The results of the shear bond strength (SBS), exural modulus (Ef) and degree of conversion (DC) tests were expressed by means and standard deviations, and they were summarized in an Excel table. The normal distributions of the variables were con rmed by the Shapiro-Wilk test, and the equality of variances was veri ed by the Levene test. Three one-way ANOVAs, followed by a Tukey post hoc test, were performed to assess the differences in SBS, Ef and DC values between the different groups or materials studied. Fisher's exact testing for simple comparisons between groups and pairwise analysis were carried out for failure mode analysis. All statistical tests were performed using XLSTAT software (Addinsoft, Paris, France). A signi cance level of p < 0. 05 was set for all tests.
1 mm and a measurement step of 1 mm. The use of autofocus in which the amplitude range was optimised with the roughness of the area studied allowed us to adjust the focus of the laser. Data were processed using the Labspec 6 curve-fitting software and the surface mapping showing the distribution of the two main components as a chitosan/aragonite ratio was plotted based on the bands' ratio nC-H/n 4 CO 3. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was carried out under argon in the range of 25-700 1C with a heating rate of 10 1C min À1 to determine the water content in the synthesised ACC sample. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was performed on a Bruker TESCAN VEGA3 microscope on carbon-coated samples. EDX (EDAX analyser, TESCAN VEGA 3) was calibrated using the stoichiometric apatite and dicalcium phosphate samples to evaluate the Ca/P ratio of samples after immersion in the SBF.
Setting reaction follow-up A substantial amount of CR and CCsX pastes were prepared and divided into four smaller samples placed at 37 1C for setting and hardening as described in the 2. 3 Section. One sample of each paste formulation studied was removed from the container after different maturation time periods (2 h, 6 h, 24 h, and 48 h) and immediately freeze-dried to remove water from the paste and thus stop the chemical setting reaction. The setting reaction of the cements was followed up by characterising each freeze-dried sample using FTIR spectroscopy and XRD analysis. The XRD quantitative analysis and the crystallite size of each calcium carbonate crystalline phase within the cements were assessed using the software package TOPAS v. 4. 2 (Bruker AXS). Crystallite sizes, microstrains, and lattice parameters were refined for all the samples from the data obtained in the range of 2y = [201-601] taking a triphasic mixture of commercial calcite, synthesised vaterite and aragonite in a 1 : 1 : 1 ratio as a reference sample.
VMH measurements All samples' surface microhardness was measured using the VMH tester Remet HX-1000 (Remet S. A. S. , Casalecchio di Reno, Italy). To standardize the measurements and reduce the error due to the curved surface of the tooth, each sample was embedded in a resin block with WSL area exposed, as previously described. On each selected area, three indentations were performed using a pyramid-shaped diamond indenter, loaded with 100 g for 15 s; the distance between one indentation and another was approximately 100 µm. After removing the load, the values of the indentation diagonals were evaluated by using a microscope and the Proximo ver. 9 software, which automatically determines the Vickers microhardness number (HV number, expressed as Kg/mm 2 ). Data were reported as mean ± standard deviation.
RMS measurements and data analysis A Horiba Jobin-Yvon XploRA Nano Raman microspectrometer, equipped with a 785-nm diode laser, was used as a source. All RMS measurements were acquired by using a 5 × objective (Olympus, Tokyo, Japan). Before acquiring the spectra, the spectrometer was calibrated to the 520. 7 cm -1 line of silicon. A 600 lines per mm grating was chosen. A 200 μm confocal pinhole was used for all measurements. The spectra were dispersed onto a 16-bit dynamic range Peltier-cooled CCD detector. Raman maps were acquired on rectangular areas (241. 5 µm × 167 µm), at the interface between the WSL and the sound enamel. A step size of ~ 15 µm was adopted for a total number of 192 spectra. From each Raman map, the average spectrum of the WSL region was extracted and submitted to preprocessing procedures, including baseline correction (2 iterations, polynomial method), smoothing (5 points), and vector normalization (OPUS 7.
5 software). The area (A), intensity (I), and full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the band centered at 960 cm -1 (spectral range 929-976 cm -1 ), assigned to the stretching of PO 4 3-groups of HA (A 960 , I 960 , and FWHM 960 )  [29, 30] , and the intensity (I) of the band centered at 1070 cm -1 (spectral range 1051-1088 cm -1 ), assigned to the stretching of CO 3 2-groups (I 1070 )  [22, 29, 31]  were calculated (Labspec 6 software, Horiba Scientific)  [22, 29].