dataesr/scientific-paragraphs-categorization huggingface dataset:
Funding: TD was funded by a co-tutelle PhD grant from the  University Paul Sabatier (Toulouse)  and  Macquarie University (Sydney). ABB was supported by the  Templeton World Charity Foundation  project grant  TWCF0266. CP and ML were supported by research grants of the  Agence Nationale de la Recherche  ( ANR-16-CE02-0002-01 ,  ANR-19-CE37-0024 ,  ANR-20-ERC8-0004-01 ) to ML. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
The same deck embeds an optical flow sensor, which helps stabilizing the UAV (by avoiding to drift) and provides the data for the ground speed estimate used in our algorithm (Sec. IV). We added drone-to-drone (peer to peer) communication, as the original firmware only supported packet transmissions between the micro UAVs and a computer. The source code of the upgraded firmware code is available online (https://github. com/resibots/ crazyflie-firmware/, branch 'cavemod'). In the experiments, all UAVs are initially positioned at the start of the corridor (Fig. 4-A ) and are ready to take off when needed, except the last drone, which acts as as a fixed base station. We launch the first UAV and manually control it with the keyboard keys (the pilot can only go forward or backward -the actual stabilization and centering is autonomous).
Physiological recording and data reduction. Throughout the experiment, the participants were equipped with a professional wireless ambulatory Holter ECG monitor (Faros 360 ®). To reduce invasiveness as much as possible, we had participants place the monitor using a chest strap with an easy step-by-step illustrated guide. ECG was acquired at a sampling frequency of 250 Hz. ECG data, timestamps and events were stored within the monitor during the experimental session and extracted with Matlab 2017a (© The Mathworks, Inc. , MA, USA). Participants kept the monitor during all the experimental sessions and episodes were created from the moment the participants entered the room until they crossed the gate (MTraversetime = 18. 19 seconds, SDTraversetime = 7. 27 seconds). A 1 st order zero-phase low-pass Butterworth filter was applied on signals with 15 Hz cut-off frequency in order to reject high-frequency noise and baseline wander artefacts.
Data Analysis Statistical analyses were computed in R (R Core Team, 2017) using the ez ANOVA package  (Lawrence, 2011). Post hoc analyses were carried out with the AFEX and the Lsmeans packages (R Core Team, 2020). Statistical significance for multiple comparisons and contrasts was adjusted with the Bonferroni method and the Kenward-Roger's method was PHYSIOLOGY OF HOSTILE INTENTS 14 used for adjustment of degrees of freedom. We reported an effect size calculation that is more suitable to within-subject designs, the generalized eta squared (η²G)  (Bakeman, 2005)  and also provide partial eta squared in parentheses. The data and R scripts (and an SPSS file version) are publicly available on the open science framework platform (https://osf. io/yf4cx/). The descriptive statistics of the studied variable are presented in Table  1.
Frantext (https://www. frantext. fr/), a corpus containing 251 million words belonging to diverse literary genres, was chosen as a rough counterpart to COCA's Fiction section. From 2018 onwards, the renewed online query interface of Frantext allows to formulate searches using regular expressions and a generalized Corpus Query Language (CQL). However, as the sources of Frantext date back many centuries, a filter was added to restrict the date range of the sources to those from 1990 and later to be on a par with COCA in order to control for effects of diachronic change. This resulted in a sub-corpus containing over 22 million words. The.
RSA models of pronoun resolution in French An RSA model consists of two agents, S and L, a set of possible worlds W, a set of messages M, an interpretation function  [[. ] ], a cost function C, and a function representing L's prior beliefs Pr. In this section, we describe these different components for our proposed models for pronoun resolution after avant and après in French. All the calculations presented in this paper were done by computationally implementing the models in WebPPL, a probabilistic programming language based on Javascript  (Goodman & Stuhlmüller 2015 ). 8.
The uncertainties may be computed via a logic-tree and a Monte Carlo approach. In DBELA (Displacement Based Earthquake Loss Assessment  [53] , and SP-BELA (Simplified Pushover-Based Earthquake Loss Assessment -  [54] ), the vulnerability of the building is determined based on mechanical principles. While DBELA is a fully displacement-based method, SP-BELA uses a simplified technique in order to reduce the computational cost. It has been implemented essentially in regions with European/Mediterranean types of buildings. We also mention here the Armagedom software  [55] , which follows the RISK-UE methodology  [56] , and uses a mix of the methods discussed above to perform loss assessment. The building typology is inspired by the EMS-98 classes as defined in Grunthal  [57] ; and refined with sub-typologies.
The area around the gas field has been categorized in >100 zones, using a V S,800 model, since the top 800 m consists of unconsolidated sediments. cities. They discuss the pros and cons of each level and recommend carefully interpreting the quantitative results for both levels. Finally, the OpenQuake platform  [61]  -www. globalquakemodel. org/openquake), which has been developed from an initiative of the Global Earthquake Model (GEM), provides a free, open-source software for the assessment of earthquake hazard and risk. OpenQuake contains an integrated hazard module, which can perform a wide range of computations (e. g. , probabilistic hazard assessment, earthquake scenarios, seismic source disaggregation) along with the treatment of uncertainties via logic trees. Similarly, the risk module offers a variety of features, such as scenario-based damage/risk assessment, classical probabilistic damage/risk analysis or stochastic event-based damage/risk analysis.
USGS PAGER system. The PAGER (Prompt Assessment of Global Earthquakes for Response) system developed by the USGS constitutes a prime example of robust tools used for loss and damage estimation  [73, 74]. Immediately following the earthquake, updated ground-motions maps are provided by the USGS ShakeMap® system. They can then be combined with vulnerability assessment for loss estimation. Global population databases provide the amount of people exposed to a given macroseismic intensity level, leading to the estimation of potential casualties and economic losses thanks to country-specific vulnerability and loss models  [74]. The approach is empirical in developing regions having experienced an important number of damaging events. In highly developed countries, strong building codes and inventories enable the use of analytical methods, and semi-empirical solutions exist for regions corresponding to a mix of these end-members.
The use of global databases and models makes the PAGER system applicable worldwide, while its automated and fast execution is crucial for a timely sizing of the event and a triggering of appropriate response protocols. Like-country groups are used for the countries without loss data from past events. It does not use regional models as they tend not to be calibrated, particularly for fatalities which requires building inventories, collapse fragilities, occupancy and fatality rates to be approximately correct. Loss estimates are only based on empirical models while other estimates such as the distribution of impacted buildings make use of the other methods.
USGS ShakeCast system. ShakeCast (ShakeMap Broadcast: htt p://usgs. github. io/shakecast -  [75] ) is another similar fully-automated open-source system using ShakeMap® input, and HAZUS methodology  [59]. Although HAZUS is the default methodology, the user can also specify the input such as fragility curves for buildings, bridges, etc. Shake-maps are applied to a list of critical and industrial facilities, for which a probability of damage is estimated through fragility curves. Alerts are broadcasted on a web interface, and sent by emails and texts to registered end-users, in order to be used for prioritizing inspection (green, yellow, orange or red).
SEISAID. In France, BRGM (French Geological Survey) has developed a rapid response system based on the PAGER approach  [76, 77]. Implemented in the whole French mainland territory, the SEISAID tool generates rapid shaking estimates and it projects population density data on seismic intensity levels, similarly to the PAGER approach. It permits to rapidly estimate the number of casualties and homeless people. Data from past French earthquakes and from most seismic scenarios have been used to calibrate the relation between the macroseismic intensity and the human losses. Currently, BRGM is upgrading the SEISAID system by automatically connecting the shake-map outputs to the Armagedom software, in order to generate more accurate damage and loss scenarios in areas where vulnerability data is available.
QLARM. ICES Foundation (http://www. icesfoundation. org/ Pages/QlarmEventList. aspx) provides loss estimates within less than 24 h after a potentially damaging earthquake worldwide. This is done in partnership with the Swiss Seismological Service and eventually provides alert levels with the number of fatalities and the average damage of buildings. The software used is called QLARM for earthquake Loss Assessment Response  [79]. The ground shaking is estimated for each population settlement using the earthquake characteristics and a V s,30 map (based on the topography). The damage estimation is obtained using empirical relations derived from ~1000 earthquakes for which the losses were known. The percentage of population belonging to classes of vulnerability (definition of the classes based on the building type) is evaluated.
3. 2. 2. 4. The TELES system. The Taiwanese system TELES (Taiwan Earthquake Loss Estimation System -  [89] ) is based on the HAZUS methodology, and it provides decision support after strong earthquakes. The earthquake data comes from the Central Weather Bureau networks and the parameters (location, magnitude) are given by TREIRS (Taiwan Rapid Earthquake Information Release System) within 90s after the event. This enables to estimate the ground motion (PGA and PGV) from a scenario earthquake and prediction equations. The liquefaction effects are included in the method and a probability of damage state for 15 different types of buildings is given, using analytical methods. Damage maps and tables are automatically generated within three to 5 min after receiving the earthquake alert. For now, this procedure does not seem to integrate the new Taiwanese shake-map system yet.
Another important point of the study is that while harmonization of RRE systems is desirable for using a robust shake-map algorithm taking into account the various data available with associated uncertainties, it is important to bear in mind that some inputs such as specific GMMs, soil amplification factors and building inventories have to be provided at a local scale, in order for the resulting information to be useable by authorities. Moreover, the level of confidence that risk and disaster managers can have in such tools should be improved if these systems are also used in a planning and mitigation capacity (e. g. , generation of prospective hazard and risk scenarios). For instance, USGS services (e. g. , ShakeMap, ShakeCast, and PAGER) are not only tools for disaster operational management, but they are as important when used for exercises and planning via scenarios, as well as for risk studies and mitigation efforts.
Acknowledgments The authors thank  Dr. David Wald  and two other anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments which helped improving the accuracy and the quality of the manuscript. The authors are also very grateful to some colleagues of the  TURNkey  project who have provided much needed knowledge and insight on the systems operating in their respective countries; namely  Dr. Barbara Borzi  and  Dr. Francesca Bozzoni  from  EUCENTRE ,  Dr. Remy Bossu  and  Dr. Sylvain Julien-Laferrière  from  EMSC ,  Dr. Florin Balan  from  INFP , and  Dr. Jordi Domingo Ballesta  from  KNMI.
Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. The authors would like to report some inaccuracies found in their paper. The following points should be corrected: 1. The ELER methodology and software described in section 3. 2. 1. 5 of the paper is operational both at the country scale, and at the city scale (for Istanbul only). The operations differ for these two cases: -At the country scale, immediately after an earthquake in and around Turkey, intensity shakemaps are automatically generated by ELER and published by KOERI-RETMC (http://www. koeri. boun. edu. tr /sismo/2/latest-earthquakes/rapid-intensity-maps/). Then, as recorded ground-motion data become available, bias adjusted shakemaps and intensity based building damage estimation maps are manually reproduced (e.
Because everolimus has the higher affinity for mTOR/FKBP12 and has already been approved for cancer treatment, we selected it as the candidate mTOR/ ABC transporter inhibitor. Both dasatinib and vandetanib are being used in clinical trial combinations with everolimus, suggesting both combinations are already being considered in children and adults (NCT03352427 and NCT01582191). The sequence of the logic is shown in Fig. 1.
Validation of Selected Agents Dasatinib as a multikinase inhibitor had been previously suggested as an ACVR1 inhibitor  (29) , as had the ALK/ MET inhibitor crizotinib  (30). To the best of our knowledge, vandetanib, used clinically as a VEGFR/EGFR/RET inhibitor, had not. Publicly available KINOMEscan data  (31)   VEGFR1 of 260 nmol/L; Fig. 2A ). We next used biochemical assays to assess the ability of these compounds to inhibit the ALK2 protein, along with the most common mutations found in DIPG, in comparison to the tool ACVR1 inhibitor LDN-214117. There were no significant differences between IC 50 values against wild-type or mutant ALK2 (including the constitutively activating mutation Q207E) for any of the agents tested (Fig. 2B ). Vandetanib, however, was fivefold to sixfold more potent against ACVR1 than either dasatinib or crizotinib (IC 50 466 nmol/L vs.
Case 1 A 7-year-old female was diagnosed with DIPG in May 2019 under the South Thames Paediatric Neuro-Oncology Team (London, United Kingdom). She was enrolled in the BIOMEDE trial (NCT02233049) and underwent a biopsy but failed screening because of elevated alanine aminotransferase (grade 3). Standard focal photon beam radiotherapy was administered off trial. She then received three cycles of single-agent everolimus on a compassionate use basis. Following identification of an ACVR1 G328V mutation (Fig. 5A ), vandetanib was added on a compassionate use basis in combination with everolimus up to a total of seven cycles. The dosing schedule of this combination was carefully defined based on published evidence of vandetanib ± dasatinib in DIPG  (28, 32)  and a phase I trial of vandetanib/ everolimus in adults with advanced/metastatic lung cancer  (33, 34) : vandetanib 65 mg/m 2 /d and everolimus 4 mg/m 2 /d  (34).
Case 3 A 4-year-old female was diagnosed with DIPG in January 2019 at Gustave Roussy (Paris, France). A biopsy was performed as part of the BIOMEDE trial (NCT002233049). She received standard focal photon beam radiotherapy together with dasatinib, showing clinical and radiologic improvement at the end of radiotherapy. Eventually, she developed worsening symptoms as a result of necrotic degeneration of the tumor, and bevacizumab was started due to suspected pseudoprogression. After 2 months on bevacizumab, steroids were stopped. In September 2019 (8 months after biopsy), she experienced tumor progression and hydrocephalus, requiring a ventriculo-peritoneal shunt. Based on a ; MRI scan 6 weeks after radiotherapy (RT) showed considerable reduction in tumor infiltrative bulk (iii) with the small focus of enhancement persisting in the right pons (iv); the MRI scan after three cycles of everolimus single agent constituted also the baseline scan prior to starting vandetanib/everolimus, and it showed increased T2 signal abnormality in the right pons (v) associated with mildly increased focal enhancement (vi); the MRI scans after three cycles (vii, viii) and six cycles (ix, x) of vandetanib/ everolimus showed modest enlargement and progressive infiltration of the right pons (vii, ix) with concomitant increase of the associated focal enhancement (viii, x) but nevertheless with relatively stable appearances/lack of progression elsewhere.
Vandetanib, an established inhibitor of VEGFR, EGFR, and RET kinases, is approved for the treatment of certain thyroid cancers. In common with many kinase inhibitors, vandetanib has been reported to have limited CNS penetration, as it is a substrate of ABC transporter pumps that limit crossing of small molecules across the blood-brain barrier  (40). To overcome this, the use of everolimus to inhibit ABCB1 (P-gp) and ABCG2 (BCRP) has been shown to result in significantly increased vandetanib brain concentrations in mice  (41). In adults, a patient with a KIF5B-RET fusion-positive non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and brain metastases showed a decrease in the intracranial disease burden upon treatment with vandetanib plus everolimus  (33)  as part of the phase I clinical trial in patients with advanced or metastatic cancer (NCT01582191).
Everolimus also represents an excellent backbone for combinatorial clinical studies in this disease given the wealth of safety data in patients with DIPG (NCT02233049, NCT03352427, and NCT0335579) and its demonstrated safety and tolerability in the BIOMEDE trial (NCT02233049). The experience of everolimus in this age group may be of particular importance given the reservations expressed about the ability to provide clinical doses of the drug at sufficient concentrations to elicit significant inhibition of P-gp  (52). Notably, another recent study reported the use of everolimus to improve the CNS penetration of dasatinib in PDGFRAdriven high-grade gliomas in children  (53). Here, the authors found an increase in both plasma (11. 2-31. 5 ng/mL) and CSF (0. 44-0. 91 mg/mL) dasatinib levels in two patients after 1 week of dasatinib monotherapy and then after two cycles of dual therapy with dasatinib and everolimus  (53) , as well as pointed to adult phase I studies of higher doses of everolimus (up to 70 mg weekly) that were well tolerated and resulted in mean peak levels of everolimus tenfold higher than standard regimens  (54).
Compound Efficacy Assays Cells were plated at a density of 2,000 to 4,000 cells/well on laminin-coated 96-well plates in a minimum of triplicates. After 3 days of incubation, compounds were added to each well and incubated at 37°C in 5% CO 2 , 95% humidity for 8 days (192 hours). Drugs were combined by adding one compound in rows and another in columns with serial dilutions, resulting in a 6 × 9 dose matrix. Vandetanib and everolimus were purchased from Selleckchem. Cell viability was assessed by the CellTiter-Glo luminescent cell viability assay (Promega). SynergyFinder (https://synergyfinder. fimm. fi) was used for interactive analysis and visualization of drug combination profiling data following the Bliss independence model  (56).
Tolerability and Pharmacokinetics NOD. SCID animals were treated with an oral dose of everolimus (5 mg/kg) or vehicle (10% w/v hydroxypropylbetacyclodextrin in PBS), followed 30 minutes later by an i. p. dose of vandetanib (25 mg/kg) or vehicle during 14 consecutive days. Plasma and brain tissue samples were taken in triplicate at 1 hour after the last dose. Analysis was carried out by LC-MS/MS using a Xevo TQS coupled with an Acquity UPLC H-class system (Waters). Chromatography was carried out using a Phenomenex C18 X-B column (2. 6 μm, 50 × 2. 1 mm). Data acquisition was performed using Targetlynx, version 4. 1, and modeling was carried out using Phoenix WinNonlin version 6. 3.
Slides were then mounted using a Leica CV Ultra mounting medium, and slides were imaged using the highthroughput scanning microscope AxioScan Z1 and quantified using Definiens software. ddPCR ddPCR was carried out on genomic DNA extracted from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) rolls from sagittal cuts of brains used for the tumor burden study, using the QIAamp DNA FFPE Tissue Kit (Qiagen). Custom TaqMan-based quantitative PCR genotyping assays (Bio-Rad; Applied Biosystems) were designed to specifically detect the ACVR1 R206H mutation present in HSJD-DIPG-007 (forward primer, GAATTACCGACACACTCCAACAGT; reverse primer, CTCTGGTCTTCCTTTTCTGGTACAA). The Bio-Rad QX200 ddPCR system was used. DNA was randomly encapsulated into approximately 15,000 oil nanoliter-sized droplets, using the Automated Droplet Generator (Bio-Rad, QX200 AutoDG), containing ddPCR Supermix for probes (no dUTP; Bio-Rad, 1863024), genotyping assay (VIC, wild-type, AGTGGCTCGCCAGATT; FAM, mutant, CAGTGGCTCACCAGATT), water, and the DNA of interest.
Clinical Treatment with Vandetanib and mTOR Inhibitor Four children with biopsy-confirmed ACVR1-mutant DIPG were treated with vandetanib and an mTOR inhibitor in separate European institutions. All interventions, carried out with written informed consent from the patients' families, were conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and under Ethical Review Board approval. The indication to use this combination and the clinical monitoring were at the discretion of the treating physician. Efficacy and safety data were collected retrospectively from each center. Toxicity grading was performed as per Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 4. 03 for consistency with the BIO-MEDE trial (NCT02233049).
Statistical Analysis Statistical analysis was carried out using R (www. r-project. org) and GraphPad Prism (GraphPad Software). Comparisons between groups of continuous variables employed the Student t test or ANOVA. Univariate differences in survival were analyzed by the Kaplan-Meier method, and significance was determined by the logrank test or median test. All tests were two-sided, and a P value of less than 0. 05 was considered significant for simple comparisons. Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons was applied for combinatorial experiments, with a P value of less than 0. 0083 considered significant.
Acknowledgments We acknowledge the patients and families who participated in this work. This study was supported by  Brain Research UK , the  DIPG Collaborative, Children with Cancer UK, Abbie's Army ,  Lucas' Legacy , the  Lyla Nsouli Foundation , and  Cancer Research UK. The authors acknowledge NHS funding to the  National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at The Royal Marsden  and  The Institute of Cancer Research (ICR). F. Carceller  is partly funded by the  Giant Pledge via The Royal Marsden Cancer Charity. We acknowledge  Dr. Vivek Subbiah ,  MD Anderson Cancer Center , for his clinical advice and expert guidance. We thank  Louise Howell  ( ICR ) for excellent technical assistance. Vandetanib was kindly provided by  Sanofi Genzyme  and everolimus by  Novartis UK  under their Managed Access Programmes in response to an unsolicited request from the treating clinicians.