dataesr/scientific-paragraphs-categorization huggingface dataset:
9 Siehe etwa Schöne neue Welten. Virtuelle Realitäten in der zeitgenössischen Kunst im Zeppelin Museum Friedrichshafen (2017/18) und Mixed Realities. Virtuelle und reale Welten in der Kunst im Kunstmuseum Stuttgart (2018). Das Kuratorinnenkollektiv Peer to Space realisiert an unterschiedlichen Orten VR-Projekte, die Onlineplattform Radiance fungiert als Database. Das Künstlerkollektiv THIS IS FAKE realisiert eigene und kuratierte Ausstellungen zu Kunst mit AR-/VR-Techniken. Zum Beitrag von Clemens Schöll von THIS IS FAKE und Ortrun Bargholz siehe S. 201-225 in diesem Band. 10 Lauren Moffatt, Image Technology Echoes, 2020/21, VR-und Mixed-Media-Installation, Maße variabel. Die Arbeit wurde mit dem 2021 erstmals verliehenen VR Kunstpreis der DKB (Deutsche Kreditbank) in Kooperation mit CAA (Contemporary Arts Alliance) Berlin ausgezeichnet, zu dessen Anlass die Ausstellung Resonanz der Realitäten im Berliner Haus am Lützowplatz realisiert wurde; es erschien ein Katalog.
Box 1. Investigation and Material The data presented are based on long-term research conducted between 2005 and 2010 at the Paris Opera Ballet in order to understand the professional socialization of dancers from an early age and throughout their careers. Part of the research focused on socialization at the dance school of the Paris Opera, where the future dancers of the company enter from the age of eight (through observations in 2009-2010 and interviews with students and teachers), as well as on its link to family socialization, studied using an interview survey with parents of dance school students (n=28). A second part (on which this article is based) focuses on the work of dancers using participant observation in the Opera as an usher for two seasons, from 2003 to 2005. This allowed me to study the relationships between professional groups within the theatre and behaviours of the audience, then to make numerous observations (during rehearsals, shows, competitions and outside of work moments) as well as carry out interviews with dancers (n=18).
È un cantiere che vuole liberarsi di ogni sguardo italocentrico ed eurocentrico, che si propone di leggere le resistenze europee come parte di un ciclo più lungo e d'inserirle in un contesto planetario, quello della lotta anticoloniale». Per approfondire questi progetti si rimanda ai rispettivi siti Internet: www. wumingfoundation. com/giap/che-cose-la-wu-ming-foundation/; https://simonedelorenzi. github. io/testicanzoni-wumingcontingent/; https://simonedelorenzi. github. io/testicanzoni-wumingcontingent/; https://resistenzeincirenaica. com/ric/. 8 A tal proposito possiamo citare i progetti RenziScappa del 2014, #LaparolaconlaF e Rassegna casa Pound del 2017. RenziScappa è un'inchiesta che documenta, con descrizioni, foto e video, le assenze di Renzi e di svariati suoi ministri per evitare contestazioni.
a disposizione degli utenti ambiti di applicazione della C. A. A. in termini di età dell'utente e capacità cognitivo/motorie residue vantaggi derivanti dall'utilizzo della C. A. A. Gli studenti partecipanti sono stati contattati dopo un mese e invitati a partecipare nuovamente all'indagine partecipando al post test, sempre in modalità online. Al termine del periodo di raccolta dei questionari tutti i dati sono stati inseriti manualmente in un file Excel e successivamente sottoposti ad analisi statistica importandoli nel software SAS for MAC.
Analisi statistiche Le variabili continue sono state descritte con media e quartili oppure con mediana e quartili, qualora si evidenzi una distribuzione non gaussiana. Le variabili nominali sono state descritte con frequenze e confrontate con il test del chi-quadrato (dati basali) mentre per le misure ripetute è stato utilizzato il test di McNemar. L'esistenza di differenze statisticamente significative tra Pre e Post-intervento, in termini di risposte corrette riguardanti la C. A. A. , è stata valutata tramite il test del chiquadrato. Le analisi saranno condotte con il software SAS per MacOS-X. Lo strumento è stato sottoposto ad una valutazione della validità di contenuto attraverso il Content Validity Index (CVI-S) somministrando lo strumento a 6 infermieri esperti (almeno 10 anni di esperienza professionale), chiedendo loro quanto ritenessero rilevante ogni domanda (su scala likert da 1 a 4).
, 2009). The world is now mostly dominated by information flows leaving no physical trace, as was the case in the past. Acquisition, coordination, communication, coupling and integration of data from an information flow can be carried out only thanks to ICTs, making cities smart and sustainable, where connections of infrastructures and services allow them to function more efficiently. Back in 2012, the Future ICT project, led by a multidisciplinary group of researchers, the results of which are summed up in the article "Smart Cities of the future"  (Batty et al. , 2012) , expressed hope for a completely new holistic system for integrated data collection, querying and mining. The challenge for Future ICT is to build models able to cope with constantly evolving cities, and to embrace very different concepts on how cities might function.
Smart cities and Urban Digital Twin in the cultural and scientific debate The Digital Twin (DT) participates in this fertile, scientific context as a digital counterpart of a certain item, simulating its actual behaviour. Data from the physical system are represented by the digital information generated by the virtual system, connected with a real system during the entire process of a life cycle  (Batty, 2018). Thus, the integration of a digital item with its physical twins creates an effective way of managing, adjusting and improving the decision process, while the real system is operating. The DT offers several possibilities and can be adopted in various fields, such as smart cities, being called, in this specific case, Urban Digital Twin. More specifically, an Urban Digital Twin is the live model of a physical system, which constantly adapts to operational changes in a city, based on real time data provided by IoT sensors, and foresees behaviours, with the help of machine learning and artificial intelligence  (Kaur et al.
With this in mind, each component of the digital twin needs to be updated at various intervals and, if necessary, updated with new data in real time. Within the triangle delimited by the real (physical), social and digital world, the Digital Twin connects the real world with the digital world or, more precisely, with its space. Thus, the Digital Twin opens new perspectives for urban planning. Zurich's DT updates a previous 3D model of the city (created in 2011), obtaining a significant increase in the inventory of 3D special data, adding the management of the life cycle of each component, as well as the entire inventory of data, to data modelling and description. The main spatial 3D data included in Zurich's DT, processed by Geomatics Surveying operators, concern public spaces, the Utilities Register (energy, waste disposal, water, transport), modelling of façades, bridges, high power lines and, finally, historical items in the city.
In order to make information on the DT and its data storage capability available to all, a highly advanced geo-portal was used, allowing access to and visualisation of Open Government Data. Similar to many other cities, Zurich uses its virtual city model in various departments, including urban planning, which, through the "Municipal Structure Plan for Settlements, Landscape, Public and Facilities"  (Richtplan, 2018) , follows the city's growth and development. Various studies on this development have been carried out and shown using a 3D digital model. These 3D models of various parts of the city of Zurich basically contain three levels of data -current building development (from the Digital Twin), maximum building capacity, according to current zoning (from parameters provided by the Esri City Engine), and potential targets, with images showing various scenarios of compaction (from urban projects).
Being able to view a 3D model in an interactive Web application has allowed town planners to make a helpful comparison among these three levels of data, thus leading to an important starting point from which the most suitable projects could be selected. Linking geometrical data to various urban and building parameters (for instance, building use, surface, number of inhabitants and number of jobs) also allowed for specific analyses and quantitative evaluations. All data, which emerged from this process, thanks to the adoption of the DT, have provided the basis for the development of the town plan (Schrotter and Hurzeler, 2020). The usefulness of the DT has also been seen with regard to the effect of climate change in the city. To face this new challenge, "Sectoral Planning on Heat Reduction" has been devised, mainly focusing on the need to ensure the efficiency of areas of the city where the traditional corridors of cold air flow.
Sicuramente scienza, ricerca e conoscenza hanno da sempre rappresentato per la città di Bologna una risorsa fondamentale per immaginare percorsi di innovazione, acquisizione di competenze strategiche e di sviluppo urbano. Sono quindi molteplici e storicamente radicati gli elementi che rendono Bologna la sede ideale per realizzare il primo gemello digitale di città italiano e verificare le condizioni a meso-and micro-scale, it has been possible to estimate the barrier effect created by the planned buildings, comparing it with current development. Analysis has shown that, according to spatial features (length, width, height, position), the planned buildings have a verifiable effect on ecologically relevant climate factors, such as temperature, and the amount of wind and cold air. Thanks to the reliable data obtained from the DT, climate factors are integrated more effectively into the planning process.
Concerning the aforementioned critical points, one is the financial cost of such a model, for which a conspicuous amount of money will be needed, investing in projects aimed at implementing intelligent technology in cit-ies. Failing to obtain adequate financial support may turn out to be a strongly discriminating factor for the cities themselves. Another critical point is safeguarding the privacy of citizens -which may be compromised by the process of acquisition, transcription and analyses of all data (including personal and private data) necessary to set up the DT. To be overcome, this obstacle would require transparent procedures on the part of public institutions, forbidding any improper use of data. Guaranteeing the safety of single individuals, government bodies and the city itself is another critical point to take into account, should hackers steal public data.
-From a research perspective, Living Hub aims to support activities of researchers and designers to: -understand the problems and needs of users in the home environment through direct observation of their activities within the simulated environment; -organise participatory co-design activities to involve users in all stages of the design process and generate innovative solutions for specific, well-defined problems; -assess the functionality and level of interaction of existing artefacts and prototypes under development within the home context in which they are/will be used; -structure a database related to the habits and patterns of interaction with technology in the home environment; -create adaptive living environments through different levels of scalar/ modular integration of technologies in the built environment.
Attività Ogni sperimentazione condotta presso Living Hub richiede una attenta pianificazione, volta a ottenere risultati rilevanti in termini di dati utili alla ricerca. A monte vengono definiti gli obiettivi, distinguibili in: be controlled, along with data generated by motion sensors placed along the walls (Fig. 4 ). This set of information is the quantitative output, which can be mixed with the qualitative information obtained from direct observation and interaction with participants. The space is divided into six main rooms: -entrance hall; -kitchen; -living area (Fig. 5 ); -study; -bedroom (Fig. 6 ); -bathroom with shower and bathtub. Despite being fully functional, there are some technical limitations to the realism of the layout, which can be assimilated to that of a movie set design.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The paper is the result of a common reflection of the Authors. Notwithstanding, the paragraph 'Methodology' is by  N. Casiddu , the paragraphs 'Context' and 'Conclusions' and the subsection ' Goals and Objectives ' are by  C. Porfirione , the paragraph 'Simulation' and the subsections 'Space' and ' Activities' are by  A. Vacanti.
416 m 3 /hour). Overlapping the characterization data with the reconstructed lithologic cross-sections allowed the identification of the most Tab. 1 -Maximum pre-remediation soil and groundwater concentration data (0-7 m bgl). Tab. 1 -Valori di concentrazione massimi ( 0-7 m p. c. ) nel terreno e nelle acque sotterranee prima delle attività di bonifica. impacted lithologies, as shown in Figure  1. Soil and 'grab' groundwater samples were also collected and analysed for Chlorinated Hydrocarbons (CHC). Analysis of these samples detected concentrations of up to 570 mg/kg in soils (as a sum of PCE, TCE, 1,2-dichloroethene and vinyl chloride) and 180,000 µg/L in groundwater, to a maximum depth of 7 m bgl, as shown in Table  1. Most of the contamination was located within low-permeability layers (clays), acting as continuing sources of contaminants for the aquifer through back-diffusion  (Chapman et al.
However, the installation of a monitoring system on the building above the treatment area was planned, in order to confirm the absence of deformation in the building structure during soil heating. The monitoring plan included the continuous measurement of the inclination of selected pillars and the relative displacement between pillars and external panelling, by means of 6 biaxial clinometers and 5 pairs of crack gauges communicating via wireless connection to a data acquisition unit. The results of the geotechnical tests were included in the Remediation Plan, that was approved by the Authorities.
Results During the treatment period, the target temperature was reached and exceeded in almost all parts of the treatment zone (temperatures up to 105 °C were achieved in the most impacted area), with the only exception being a limited area below the building (due to an installed electrode configuration being restricted for site operational reasons). An example of the modelled temperature distribution after heating interruption, at a depth of 2. 5 m bgl, is shown in Figure  5. The average subsoil temperature within the heated area increased until March 2021 and then stabilized, as shown in Figure  6. Soil and groundwater samples were collected during April to July 2021 at 7 newly installed performance monitoring wells (IS1 to IS7 -see Figure  8 ). Data recorded from samples collected from these locations were compared to baseline data obtained from the nearest monitoring points that were present prior to remediation.
Acknowledgment: The work completed relates to a remediation project procured by ERMs client (identity needs to remain confidential). The authors acknowledge the project equipment suppliers and operators  McMillan-McGee  (McMillan-McGee Corporation, 4895-35B Street,  SE Calgary, Alberta , T2B 3M9. Canada, https://www. mcmillan-mcgee. com/) and Geostream Group (Via Zire, Magnano in Riviera (UD), 33010, Italy, https://www. geostreamgroup. com/ ).
Soil and groundwater samples were collected during April to July 2021 at 7 newly installed performance monitoring wells (IS1 to IS7 -see Figure8). Data recorded from samples collected from these locations were compared to baseline data obtained from the nearest monitoring points that were present prior to remediation. A decrease in contaminant concentrations of by 87 to 94% was measured in the most impacted area (exterior loading bay area), where the highest temperatures were reached in the subsoil. The contaminant removal efficiency was lower in samples collected beneath the operational building (16 to 49%), where lower temperatures were achieved in subsoil. These data confirm that the efficiency of the remediation was heavily influenced by the subsoil temperature achieved.
Due to their massive size, it is computationally demanding to identify biologically relevant states in a cell-and disease-specific context. In this work, we developed an efficient computational framework that converts molecular interaction maps into Boolean models using the CaSQ tool. Next, we use a newly developed BMA tool version deployed to a high-performance computing cluster to identify the models' steady states. The identified attractors are then validated using gene expression datasets and prior knowledge. We successfully applied our framework to generate and calibrate the first RA M1 and M2 macrophage Boolean models. Using single and double knockout simulations, we identified NFkB, JAK1/JAK2, and ERK1/Notch1 as potential targets that could selectively suppress proinflammatory macrophages, and GSK3B as a promising target that could promote anti-inflammatory macrophages in RA.
This work presents an efficient computational framework to build, analyse and validate the behaviours of large-scale Boolean models with hundreds of nodes and a significant number of inputs. The framework uses publicly available molecular interaction maps to automatically infer their corresponding executable Boolean models via the CaSQ tool  24. Our approach enables the analysis of the generated models in a synchronous scheme using a new version of the BMA tool  26  deployed to a high-performance computing cluster set-up. The framework identifies all the existing attractors of the models using parallel computing and then tests their coherence against gene expression datasets and prior knowledge. It computes a similarity score that describes the ability of the model to reproduce what is known in the literature and observed in datasets.
The number of nodes decreased from 309 to 233, comprising 64 inputs. In the RA M2 macrophage model, the nodes of interest are upstream of Apoptosis and Proliferation phenotypes. Their number decreased from 254 to 169, including 39 inputs. The nodes that are not involved in regulating our phenotypes of interest were not considered. The inputs regulating these nodes were fixed at one, the default value in BMA. transcriptomic data analysis From both: the analysis of the GSE97779 dataset and an exhaustive literature search, we identified 105 and 88 differentially expressed biomolecules in the RA M1 and M2 macrophage models, respectively. The retrieved differential expressions can be associated with nodes at mRNA or protein levels in the models, assuming a linear relationship exists between the expression of mRNAs and the expression of their corresponding proteins.
Testing the effects of therapeutic targets' single knockouts on the RA M1 and M1 macrophages We performed an exhaustive search using the Therapeutic Target Database (TTD) to identify potential therapeutic targets (targets that have already been experimentally modulated) present in the models. It is a drug database designed to provide information about the known therapeutic protein and nucleic acid targets described in the literature, the targeted disease conditions, the pathway information, and the corresponding drugs/ligands directed at each target. The database currently contains 3578 targets and 38 760 drugs. Targets can be divided into four categories: successful targets, clinical trial targets, preclinical trial targets and research targets  27. We screened the targets based on their associated drug's Mode Of Action (MOA) and only kept the components that can be targeted by at least one inhibitor (1643 targets).
In addition, to calibrate the models, we selected an RA and macrophage-specific gene expression dataset and carefully curated the extracted information from the literature to ensure that it was specific to both RA disease and synovial macrophages. The experimentally observed values we retrieved are cell and disease-specific but still contain a mix of M1 and M2 phenotypes' expressions. Indeed, the identified mismatches in both models are related to biomolecules participating in the intrinsic and extrinsic apoptosis pathways. The M1 phenotype resists apoptosis, so proapoptosis components (CASP7) tend to be inhibited. On the other hand, the M2 phenotype is pro-apoptotic; hence pro-apoptosis components are active (CASP3) while anti-apoptosis molecules are inhibited (BCL2L1, MCL1). The calibration of the RA macrophage models can also be performed against other datasets, either publicly available or proprietary.
We could incorporate more layers of information by integrating other types of omics datasets, such as proteomic data, to set their Boolean values at either zero or one. We performed in silico simulations on the calibrated models to investigate the effects of mono and bi-therapies on RA macrophage phenotypes. NFkB inhibition in our model led to selective suppression of the RA M1 macrophage. NFkB represents an interesting potential therapeutic target as it is a key transcription factor of M1 macrophages, responsible for the upregulated expression of M1 macrophage-derived cytokines in the RA synovium  31. Several studies support the concept of NFkB inhibition for therapeutic interventions in inflammatory diseases 32-35. In RA, its in vitro inhibition induces apoptosis in fibroblasts, and contribute to a significant downregulation of M1 markers and upregulation of M2 markers  7, 36.
BMA architecture and underlying technologies BMA is developed on the Microsoft. NET Framework and. NET standard, which tie the tools to Windows environments. The BMA web tool is hosted on Azure and is structured as two services, one hosting the user-facing client and another computing service dedicated to calculating proofs and simulations. The console tool is developed for Windows, which provides similar functionality to the compute service. To enable high-throughput model analysis and take advantage of parallelisation on high-performance computing facilities (typically Linuxbased), we developed a prototype of the console tool based on the open source. NET core 3. 1, which can be built using the dotnet SDK. All codes are available at 10. 5281/zenodo. 7541023.
Validation of the model's behaviour The model's state is validated based on the signal propagation from the inputs to the internal nodes. The objective here is to select the inputs' combinations that lead to coherent states in the internal nodes of the model. To do this, we filter the model's steady states and select the ones that can reproduce what is known in the literature or observed in transcriptomic datasets. First, we identify the differentially expressed biomolecules present in the model using both literature mining and differential expression analysis (DEA). Then, we discretise the expressions of the identified biomolecules. We convert them to a binary vector of experimentally observed Boolean values. After that, we compare the filtered steady states to this binary vector using a similarity score.
6. 1. Identification of differentially expressed biomolecules using literature search and gene expression data analysis We use low-and high-throughput experimental data to identify the differentially expressed biomolecules in the model under study. First, we thoroughly review literature regarding each node in the model. We extract information about the change in its expression level between two biological conditions. These conditions are defined based on the system under study. Depending on literature availability, these differential expressions can be at the mRNA and/or protein levels. When it is relevant to the model, we curate the retrieved information to keep it disease-and/or cell-type specific. We integrate transcriptomic dataset(s) as well. We select the dataset(s) according to the biological question we would like the model to address and perform differential expression analysis (DEA) on the selected one(s).