dataesr/scientific-paragraphs-categorization huggingface dataset:
Statistical analyses We considered two groups: the vaccinated group, corresponding to women who had received at least one dose, and the non-vaccinated group. As cervical dysplasia is poorly documented in this database, our primary endpoint was therefore the conization rate, which reflects the rate of severe dysplasia. The main outcome was the comparison of conization rates between the non-vaccinated and vaccinated populations. We calculated the conization rate in each group to assess the impact of vaccination, using Kaplan-Meier curves to study the risk of conization over equivalent periods of risk between the two groups. To avoid including patients who had already undergone conization prior to inclusion in the EGB, we determined the minimum age of conization in the overall population. As the minimum age at which conization was performed was 19 years, we excluded birth cohorts included in the EGB after the age of 19 (born before 1987).
Discussion We report the first study on the impact of catch-up HPV vaccination in a real-life population in France, based on National Health Insurance database. In this cohort, consisting of 42,452 women, the average vaccination rate was 9. 8%, lower than that reported in other countries for the same period  [28] [29] [30]. The primary outcome, the conization rate, was significantly lower with an almost 50% reduction in the vaccinated group taking into account all conizations performed between the ages of 19 and 30 years. The PATRICIA trial allowed approval of Cervarix 1 in various countries  [31, 32]. This randomized trial involved 18,644 women aged 15 to 25 years, and studied the result of 3 doses of Cervarix 1 versus placebo. In the 4-year analysis, the conization rate was decreased by 25% (p = 0.
In the FUTUR trials, patients were followed by Pap smears starting 3 months after their inclusion in the study, may resulting in overdiagnosis  [36]. The first Australian population study  [15]  included 14,085 non-vaccinated women and 24,871 women vaccinated with Gardasil 1 from two national registries. This study included women between the ages of 17 and 22 years. The risk of high-grade cytological lesions was lower in the vaccinated group with a HR of 0. 72 (95% CI[0. 58-0. 91]). The second Australian study was a case-control study based on registry data  [16]. It included 108,353 women aged 14 to 30 years at the time of their first Pap smear. The Gardasil 1 vaccine was administered as a 3-dose regimen. The odds ratio for exposure to 3 doses of vaccines was 0. 54 (95% CI[0. 43-0. 67]) for CIN2+.
A Swedish study by Herweijer et al. also evaluated the effect of Gardasil 1 in a registry population  [18]. This study included 1,333,691 women with a vaccination rate of 17. 7% and 22,616 cases of CIN2+. Incidence rate ratios for CIN2+ were 0. 25 when vaccination was performed before the age of 16 years and 0. 78 when vaccination was performed after the age of 20 years, in favor of early vaccination. The effectiveness of Gardasil 1 on dysplasia was studied using Danish registry data  [19]. This study cohort consisted of 399,244 women, 62% of whom were vaccinated. There were 708 cases of CIN2+ across the entire cohort. A significant reduction of CIN2+ was observed in vaccinated women: HR was 0. 56 and 0. 27 (p = 0. 005) for 1991-1992 and 1993-1994 birth cohorts, respectively. Either no events or no significant difference was observed in the other cohorts.
This study of the efficacy of vaccination in the catch-up population may lack power in this population with a higher rate of pre-vaccination HPV infection than younger women corresponding to the primary indication. This weakness is also observed in other population-based studies that did not provide any information about the HPV status of the women before vaccination  [15] [16] [17] [18]. The EGB is a powerful tool, as it constitutes a random sample of 1/97th of the insured French population and, although the study was retrospective, data were collected prospectively. The use of a general population cohort provides real-life results; women are not monitored according to their vaccination status or screening status, so there is no risk of overmanagement. This real-life study on the French population therefore presents a high external validity.
This study involved third-party data (National Health Insurance -EGB). Therefore, we do not have the rights to share these third-party data, in accordance with regulations SNDS (Système //www. snds. gouv. fr/SNDS/ Finalites-autorisees). To access the EGB data, please visit this website to apply for dataset : https://documentation-snds. health-data-hub. fr/ introduction/03-acces-snds. html#les-accespermanents. The authors had no special access privileges to the data.
Acknowledgements The authors thank  Antoine Aubret ,  Hamid Kellay ,  Jean-Christophe Delagnes ,  Marie Adier ,  David Babonneau ,  Sophie Camelio  for very helpful discussions. N-A. Goy thanks the  EUR Light S&T Graduate Program of the University of Bordeaux. The authors thank the  Region Nouvelle Aquitaine  (project  2018-1R10221 ) for financial funding and the LOMA machine and electronic shop for their technical contributions in this work.
| Data collection It was not known whether the exposures included patients who had more than one exposure (e. g. , ≥2 reports of exposures in the same pregnancy, ≥2 reports of exposures during ≥2 pregnancies, separate reports for mother and infant); so it is possible that some patients were double counted. While patients could self-report exposures, cases were predominantly (>80%) medically confirmed. Data sources included case series from the literature, clinical trials, early access/compassionate use programs, and case reports from healthcare professionals, regulatory agencies, and consumers. When pregnancy was reported with associated romiplostim use, information was requested on pregnancy and on infant health. The mother was asked to complete a questionnaire about pregnancy and delivery details, medical history, romiplostim exposure, laboratory and diagnostic tests, and the names of healthcare professionals.
| Study population Information was collected on a total of 201 pregnancies in which participants were exposed to romiplostim within 20 days before and during pregnancy, including 11 pregnancies from clinical studies and 190 from other sources. Study procedures involved removing patients from studies and enrolling them in the program as appropriate (more details in "Data collection" in the Methods section). Fifteen PSP exposures were excluded for paternal exposures (n = 9), stopping romiplostim for more than 20 days before pregnancy (n = 3), and uncertain exposure (n = 3). Of the 186 known maternal romiplostim exposures, which may have included double-counting of some patients (i. e. , if the same patient had ≥2 reports of exposures in the same pregnancy, exposure in multiple pregnancies, or separate reports for mother and infant), pregnancy outcomes were known for 86 (46%) and birth outcomes for 92 (49%), not necessarily the same pregnancies (Figure  1A ).
Abnormal pregnancy outcomes were reported in slightly more than half of women with available data, albeit the majority of abnormal outcomes were caused by maternal thrombocytopenia from the underlying ITP. This was very likely related to the selection of women to receive romiplostim during pregnancy being heavily weighted towards those with difficult-to-manage ITP. Overall, approximately one-third of known birth outcomes were considered abnormal; abnormal pregnancies were associated with approximately 4/5 of reported abnormal birth outcomes. The great majority of these abnormal birth outcomes fell into two categories: spontaneous miscarriages and term and preterm births with neonatal thrombocytopenia. While timing details of romiplostim administration were not fully available, based on findings from this dataset and knowledge of treating pregnant patients with ITP, we believe that romiplostim exposures fell primarily into three settings: (1) a woman became pregnant while receiving romiplostim for ITP, (2) romiplostim was initiated in the third trimester to manage difficult ITP during pregnancy, and The AEs reported in this dataset are in line with those reported in the published literature for the general pregnant population.
For example, urinary tract infections, with a rate of 3% in this dataset, have been reported to occur in 2%-7% of pregnant women. 27 1] [32]  Less common AEs in this dataset are also less common in the general pregnant population, such as deep vein thrombosis (this dataset: 1%, published: 1. 1%  33  ) and influenza (this dataset: one patient, published: 3%, or 0. 7%-0. 9% per month in the influenza season  34  ). Neither of the two maternal deaths (AML/aortic aneurysm rupture, postpartum venous thrombosis) was considered by the treating physician to be due to romiplostim exposure, notwithstanding concerns regarding thrombopoietic agents and thrombosis; unfortunately, there is very limited information regarding these cases. The only AE with a notable increase in this population was thrombocytopenia, 28% here as compared with 10% in the literature,  35, 36  which is to be expected given that all patients in the PSP by definition had ITP and were receiving romiplostim.
While pregnancy in those with ITP reportedly results in higher rates of stillbirth, fetal loss, premature delivery, and perinatal mortality than in those without ITP,  37, 38  the frequencies of birth outcomes we observed here are within the expected range for the general population. Spontaneous miscarriages, seen here at a rate of 13%, can occur in up to 31% of pregnancies,  39, 40  whereas the 1% rate of stillbirth (from the maternal death from AML/aortic aneurysm rupture) is also comparable to reported rates of 0. 5%-1%. 41, 42 The rates of ectopic pregnancy (this dataset: 3%, published: 1%-2%  43, 44  ) and molar pregnancies (this dataset: 1%, published: <1%  45  ) were somewhat higher than those seen in the general population, with the caveat that there were only a few cases in this dataset.
Overall, given the nature of this dataset, there is no compelling reason to suspect any adverse effect of romiplostim on the fetus/neonate based on the neonatal outcome experience in nearly 100 births. We did not have the data to assess whether romiplostim crossed the placenta into the fetus, resulting in an increase in neonatal platelet counts. Previous to this report, there were two manuscripts each with more than 10 patients describing the use of thrombopoietin receptor agonists in pregnancy, in addition to scattered case reports. One described 15 pregnancies in which pregnant women were treated with romiplostim (n = 7) or eltrombopag (n = 8); romiplostim was generally effective in treating ITP. 20 The anomalies/events described in this report were not observed in the women treated with romiplostim or in their infants in that study.
Similar safety and efficacy findings were observed in a study of 31 women in China using recombinant thrombopoietin, with the infants followed up for approximately 1 year after birth. 54 [57] [58]  This dataset has major limitations, with the primary one being the incompleteness of the data. Examples include the lack of romiplostim dosing/exposure details, missing pregnancy and/or birth outcomes, and the imprecise nature of the dataset, as there could have been more than one report for the same patient. The high number of patients lost to follow-up from this voluntary program resulted from a variety of reasons, including patients declining consent and no response after follow-up efforts. Nonetheless, information was available on a relatively large number of patients, dwarfing the number of previously published patients.
Furthermore, UV-based CLIP-seq protocols [specifically eCLIP  (60) ] concentrate most of the efforts made by the Encyclopedia of DNA Elements (ENCODE) project to provide large-scale characterization of the RNA binding sites of hundreds of RBPs in a robust and reproducible manner, providing the scientific community with homogeneous datasets that can be compared across different RBPs and cell types  (62). More recently, a CLIP-seq protocol using short laser pulses of UV-light through different time lengths has been able to uncover the in vitro kinetics of binding and dissociation of the RBP DAZL to a thousands of RNA targets (e. g. Thbs1 transcript) in a transcriptome-wide manner  (63). Once applied to other RBPs, such a protocol could greatly improve our understanding of the biological roles of RBPs and the regulation of their binding and functional activity on their target RNAs.
g. LPS, TNF-a in myeloid cells or fibroblast)  (265) (266) (267). Even in the absence of metabolic labeling, recent mathematical models are able to estimate with accuracy mRNA degradation rates from total RNA-seq datasets  (268, 269). These analyses showed that in cells stimulated with LPS or TNF-a, the raise of mRNA levels induced by pro-inflammatory stimuli is mainly due to a global increase at the transcriptional level, with a globally constant mRNA degradation rate  (265, 266). However, following LPS stimulation of DCs, a small set of mRNA show a rapid increase in their degradation rate, following an initial increase in their translation, thus affecting their cellular level within the first 3 hours after stimulation. Interestingly, most of the concerned mRNA were immediate-early genes (e.
FUNDING Work in our laboratory is supported by the  European Research Council  ( ERC-StG-LS6-805500 ) under the European Union's  Horizon 2020 research and innovation programs; ATIP-Avenir program ;  Fondation FINOVI; Agence Nationale des Recherches sur le SIDA et les Heṕatites Virales  ( ANRS-ECTZ3306 ) and  Agence Nationale de la Recherche  ( ANR-20-CE15-0025 ).
In Chinese patients CNIs have the potential to replace the more toxic CPA regimens in high-risk subgroups. TAC may be considered as another non-CPA alternative for induction therapy of LN and in those with refractory disease or intolerance to CPA or MMF. Multitarget therapy of LN using TAC and MMF or GC versus TAC, MMF, and GC triple combination was analyzed for induction therapy. The combination TAC, MMF, and GC or TAC and GC provides better outcome data compared with CPA and GC. There is only good option for induction therapy of LN same evidence level. For mortality, infection, progression to ESKD, malignancy, there is strong evidence for an impact of immunosuppressive agents. We can confirm that AZA with GC is reducing mortality rates when used as a maintenance agent, GC low dose reduces infection risk, and AZA with MMF reduces progression to ESKD in induction therapy of LN.
This research aims to systematically review of literature on Bali tourism from 1976 to 2022. This study employed a descriptive quantitative approach and utilizes 128 publications with the keyword "tourism in Bali" sourced from the Scopus database. This study concludes that the development of Bali tourism research has increased significantly. The contribution of Indonesian authors continues to dominate Bali tourism research. International authors play an essential role, especially in introducing the study of Bali tourism in the early thirty years. Furthermore, this review was successful in identifying the most commonly used topics, research approaches, and paradigms by researchers. This research, in particular, divides the evolution of the topics into four phases. The study's sample of articles is restricted to those from the single database Scopus and solely in English.
Method This study used a descriptive quantitative method approach  (Jonker & Pennink, 2010; Mohajan, 2018) , and a literature review technique. This analysis makes use of data from international publications containing the keywords "tourism in Bali" from 1976 to 2022 (see Figure  1 ), which were gathered via web scraping and sourced from the Scopus database (www. scopus. com). Scopus was selected because it is a high-quality data-based publication. This data is also open access and can be legitimately used by academics and researchers. The keywords were also chosen with the topic in mind, which was the development of tourism in Bali. Based on these keywords, the data shows 129 related articles, but only 128 are used because of title similarities based on the selection results. The researcher used all selected articles as a sample, as in other bibliographic studies  (Evren & Kozak, 2014; Palácios et al.
An interesting fact is that data on the distribution of this affiliation shows that the contributors to Bali tourism research are spread across several institutions, both within and outside of Bali. Although authors from Balinese institutions continue to dominate in general, this distribution is essential in maintaining a balance between the perspectives of Balinese academics and academics outside Bali in observing the phenomenon of Bali tourism. Based on this information, it would be very interesting to investigate the journal topics, research scope, research objects, and research methods used by each contributor in greater depth and in a systematic manner.
Comparative study, qualitative descriptive methods, qualitative naturalistic approach, case studies or field studies, literature studies, linguistics landscapes, field research models, product development or prototyping, netnography, social network analyses, experimental, Landscape Characteristic Assessment (LCA) method, ethnographies, and Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) approach are some of the qualitative techniques used. While data collection methods include observation, interviews, documentation, and a review of the literature. Morphometry analysis, graphical analysis, and SWOT analysis are other common analytical methods. Nvivo software is also employed in some studies to analyze data. While quantitative methods such as Social-Ecological Systems (SES) analysis, Structural Equation Model (SEM--PLS), Rapid Impact Assessment Matrix (RIAM), Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), factor analysis, Social Accounting Matrix (SAM), and multiple regressions are commonly used.
Conclusion Based on the discussion results, this review concludes three points in accordance with the study initial objectives. First, from 1976 to 2022, the development of Bali tourism research has increased significantly. The most significant growth occurred between 2010 and 2019. Meanwhile, articles, book chapters, and conference papers were the most common types of documentation. As a result, the data in this study can be considered valid and reliable. Bali Tourism Research Trends: A Systematic Review, 1976 -2022 Hlm. 600-626  Second, in terms of author evolution based on nationality, this study concludes that the contribution of Indonesian writers, particularly Balinese authors from universities in Bali such as Udayana University, Bali State Polytechnic, Mahasaraswati Denpasar, and Bali Nusa Dua Polytechnic, continues to dominate Bali tourism research.
Data Collection Clinical data were prospectively collected and anonymized: age, length of stay (LOS), cause of admission, IGSII, vasopressors therapy, PaO2/FiO2 ratio, risk factors for MDR gram-negative bacilli and Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus, in-ICU and in-hospital mortality, antimicrobial therapy, second episode of VHAP.
8), Q ext is the extinction coefficient (≈ 2 in the visible part of the spectrum), ρ w is the density of liquid water, and k is a factor that is inversely proportional to the width of the drop size distribution (assumed to be 0. 8). When f ad = 1, N d,a is the adiabatic drop concentration. Liquid water path L is derived from MODIS data as L = 5 9 f ad r e τ. (3) Further details of these derivations can be found in  Brenguier et al. (2000)  and  Grosvenor et al. (2018). A c can be derived from τ using a simple two-stream approximation for a planeparallel cloud  (Bohren, 1987) : A c = τ γ + τ , (4) where γ depends on the degree of forward scattering. Equation (  4 ) also assumes an overhead sun, no absorption, and a dark underlying surface. We do not consider threedimensional radiative transfer.
Large eddy simulation as a data source We calculate S o biases using output from 127 large eddy simulations of marine stratocumulus under a range of conditions from fairly homogeneous overcast to broken open-cellular structures. Simulations are generated by the System for Atmospheric Modeling (SAM;  Khairoutdinov and Randall, 2003). Input conditions are derived from ERA-5 reanalysis in the stratocumulus regime off the coast of California. The model setup is similar to  Feingold et al. (2016)  and  Glassmeier et al. (2021) , with initial meteorological and aerosol conditions sampled using the Latin hypercube method. Simulations are nocturnal and of 12 h duration. The first 5 h of output from each simulation is discarded to avoid cloud scenes that are not fully developed. The domain size is 48 km × 48 km × 2.
Acknowledgements. The authors are grateful for useful discussions with  Jianhao Zhang  and  Yaosheng Chen. Financial support. We thank the  Department of Energy's Atmospheric System Research  for supporting this work under  Interagency Award   490 89243020SSC000055. Tom Goren  was funded by  German Research Foundation ,  Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, DFG , project " CDNC4ACI ",  GZ QU 311/27-1. Review statement. This paper was edited by  Timothy Garrett  and reviewed by three anonymous referees.
Discarded items Eight items that were included in the initial questionnaire were discarded by the expert panel. Among the general items, weight and height were discarded: these variables are unlikely to influence the motive for hallux valgus repair  [75] [76] [77]  and were thus unnecessary. In addition, these data are systematically collected before the consultation as they are part of the medical file. We were surprised that the items relating to shoe size and family history of deformity were discarded since these issues were frequent reasons for dissatisfaction (S2 File). They may be considered to be related to the aesthetic aspects of hallux valgus, and therefore not indicative of a surgical procedure, which may explain the choice of the panel who found these items not useful  [58]. A history of ankle sprain or fracture was a source of post-repair dissatisfaction for some of the individuals.
The automatic classification of fish species appearing in images and videos from underwater cameras is a challenging task, albeit one with a large potential impact in environment conservation, marine fauna health assessment, and fishing policy. Deep neural network models, such as convolutional neural networks, are a popular solution to image recognition problems. However, such models typically require very large datasets to train millions of model parameters. Because underwater fish image and video datasets are scarce, non-uniform, and often extremely unbalanced, deep neural networks may be inadequately trained, and undergo a much larger risk of overfitting. In this paper, we propose small convolutional neural networks as a practical engineering solution that helps tackle fish image classification.
The concept of "small" refers to the number of parameters of the resulting models: smaller models are lighter to run on low-power devices, and drain fewer resources per execution. This is especially relevant for fish recognition systems that run unattended on offshore platforms, often on embedded hardware. Here, established deep neural network models would require too many computational resources. We show that even networks with little more than 12, 000 parameters provide an acceptable working degree of accuracy in the classification task (almost 42% for six fish species), even when trained on small and unbalanced datasets. If the fish images come from videos, we augment the data via a low-complexity object tracking algorithm, increasing the accuracy to almost 49% for six fish species. We tested the networks with images obtained from the deployments of an experimental system in the Mediterranean sea, showing a good level of accuracy given the low quality of the dataset.