dataesr/scientific-paragraphs-categorization huggingface dataset:
Conclusion This study provides an important enhancement of the database on Hg in fish species for the WFD in tropical ecosystems of French Guiana. First, by defining anthropogenic and natural influences associated with each of 200 sampling sites. Among them, only eight for creeks and two for rivers were identified as references sites, demonstrating the wide impact of anthropogenic activities, especially gold mining, on French Guiana surface waters. Several bioindicator fish species (ten species identified for creeks and three for rivers) were proposed to help decision-makers to discriminate the chemical status for Hg in French Guiana freshwaters. Moreover, some of these bioindicators species could be grouped to facilitate field sampling and improve the robustness of results. Average Hg concentrations in bioindicators species (grouped or not) measured at reference sites are interpreted as the no-effect observed tissue concentrations expected to be protective for the ichtyofauna and are proposed as local background or threshold to discriminate Hg-impacted sites from pristine areas.
Acknowledgments This study received the financial support of the  "Office de l'Eau de Guyane " and the  French Agency for Biodiversity (AFB). The authors are grateful to all the participants in the various research programs as well as the associated financers (Table  S1 ), which made it possible to collect all of these data: Boudou A. , Laperche V. ,  Godard E. , Cerdan P, Reynouard C. , Lereuns S. , Brosse S. , Maurice L. ,  Gonzalez P. , Legeay A.
A novel search for heavy vector resonances in the H → b b and Z → b b final states in association with a leptonically decaying V (Z or W ) and W -only respectively, is proposed. It is argued that excesses with respect to the Standard Model prediction should be observed in all final states (0, 1 or 2 leptons), with the 1lepton final state being the strongest. Since the relative strengths of these excesses depend on branching ratios and efficiencies, this is a clear signal for the presence of heavy resonances or their low mass tails. A general vector-triplet model is used to explore the discovery potential as a function of the resonance mass and width. Recent Higgs to b b observation data reported by the experiments ATLAS and CMS are used to test the model. Current limits are extended to resonance widths over mass as large as 9%.
6 mm, the mean daily temperature was 18. 8 °C, the mean reference crop evapotranspiration was 1386. 0 mm, and the mean total annual hours of sunshine was 1693. 3 h. The precipitation was 208. 2 mm (2016) and 166. 0 mm (2017) during the growth period of maize. Fig. 1  shows climatic variables, including mean monthly precipitation distribution (Fig. 1-a ), mean daily air temperature, and daily reference evapotranspiration (ET o ) (Fig. 1-b ) during the seasons from 1997 to 2017. The daily reference evapotranspiration ET o was determined using the FAO Penman-Monteith method  [30]. Table  2  gives the precipitation, average air temperature, and sunshine hours during the 2016 and 2017 maize-growing period. Meteorological data were obtained from meteorological stations located at the farm experimental station.
Statistical analysis Calculations were performed and charts were prepared using Microsoft Excel 2013 (Microsoft Corporation, Redmond, Washington, USA) and SigmaPlot 12. 5 (Systat Software Inc. , San Jose, California, USA). Analysis of variance was used to test for differences in yield, WUE, and ET c as a function of irrigation frequency. Correlation analysis was performed with SPSS 18. 0 (SPSS Inc. , Chicago, Illinois, USA) to determine the relationships between WUE and irrigation frequency and between WUE and ET c. Means were compared using Fisher's least significant difference tests with P < 0. 05 (LSD 0. 05 ). Fig. 3  -Effect of irrigation intervals on soil-water storage. The three broken lines represent the soil-water storage for different soil horizons corresponding to the 70% field capacity (SS 70% , medium-dashed line), 60% (SS 60%, short-dashed line), and wilting point (SS wp, dotted line).
Acknowledgments We are grateful for research support from the  National Key Research and Development Program of China  ( 2016YFD0300110 ,  2016YFD0300101 ); the  National Basic Research Program of China  ( 2015CB150401 ); the  National Natural Science Foundation of China  ( 31360302 ); the  Science and Technology Program of the Sixth Division of Xinjiang Construction Corps in China  ( 1703 ); and the  Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program  for financial support of this study. We would also like to thank the reviewers for helping us improve our original manuscript.
Transepithelial potential difference and short-circuit currents (clamp at 0 mV) were measured/injected through 3 M KCl filled Ag/AgCl electrodes connected to a VCC MC2 voltage/current clamp (Physiologic Instruments Inc. , USA). The current injected by the system to short-circuit cells (I sc ) was visualized and recorded at a frequency of 0. 1 Hz on a personal computer using Acquire and Analyze hardware and software (Physiologic Instruments Inc. , USA). Transepithelial potential difference values were corrected for the junction potential between apical and basal solutions and for empty insert resistance. In our conditions, an apical anion secretion was indicated by an increase in I sc. All experiments were done in the presence of amiloride (100 μM) in the apical solution to prevent ENaC currents.
Experiments included in the 29 °C conditions were done at temperatures comprised between 27 °C and 31 °C. Supplementary Fig. S4  displays the distribution of the temperature values measured during all experiments presented in this article. Drugs and chemicals. Amiloride, CFTR(inh)-172, DIDS (4,4′-diisothiocyanatostilbene-2,2′-disulfonic acid), forskolin and genistein were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (France). VX-770 and VX-809 were obtained from Selleckchem (USA). Stock solutions (1000X) were prepared using dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as solvent. Data analysis and statistics. Graphs and statistical analysis were done using Prism 5 (GraphPad Software, USA) and all the results are expressed as mean ± SEM except for box plot representations in which the central line represents the median, boxes upper and lower edges represent the 25th and 75th percentile respectively while the whiskers represent the minimal and maximal values of the sample.
Acknowledgements We are grateful to  Ms Sandra Mirval  for technical assistance and our laboratory colleagues for valuable discussions and assistance. We thank  Dr. Anne Taupignon  for her critical comments on the manuscript. We also thank the association Vaincre la mucoviscidose ( RF2018 ) for its financial support and the postdoctoral fellowship to L. F. Financial support was also provided by  CNRS  and  University of Poitiers.
Details on the sampling days per month, total measured profiles per month, and the number ebb tide and flood tide profiles can be found in the Supplementary Materials (S4). River discharge. River discharge estimation was done by applying an adapted Manning-Strickler hydraulic law, as proposed by Camenen et al. 25. This model takes into account the tidal propagation and revealed to be adapted to estuarine environment where tides propagate gently, which is the case in the Saigon River. Two water-pressure sensors were deployed during year 2018 to monitor water level fluctuations every 10 minutes. Two Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP) campaigns were performed previously, in September 2016 and March 2017, with a Rio Grande 600 kHz, to calibrate and validate the hydraulic model. For this study, we use the high frequency data series to calculate monthly mean discharge values.
In addition, the monthly mean percentage of outgoing (ebb tide) and incoming (flood tide) flow was calculated. This was done by dividing the total number of positive (ebb tide) and negative (flood tide) values by the total number of observations for each month. The discharge data is presented in the Supplementary Materials (Fig. S5 ). Other data. Monthly precipitation data was used from the Mac Dinh Chi station, located in district 1 of Ho Chi Minh City. Estimated astronomical tide for 2013 and 2018 at Vung Tau, 90 km downstream of The Thiem bridge, was obtained from XTide software. Daily minimum and maximum values were used to compute the daily tidal range, which were averaged per month. Estimating net plastic transport. We present two expressions of net plastic transport towards the ocean.
Acknowledgements We would like to thank the donors of The  Ocean Cleanup Foundation  who helped funding this study. We thank  Kees van Oeveren ,  Michelle Loozen  and  Anna Schwarz  (The Ocean Cleanup), and  Do Van Tien ,  Truong Minh Nhut ,  Huynh Quoc Trang ,  Vo Trung Tin ,  Le Nhat Duy ,  Nguyen Minh Hoang ,  Ha Dang Pho ,  Ngo Van Chinh ,  Pham Trieu Vy ,  Van Phi Hung ,  Nguyen Nhat Quang ,  Nguyen Thanh Tai ,  Tran Duc Toan ,  Nguyen Van Puoc  and  Nguyen Duc Vu  ( Ho Chi Minh CIty University of Technology, VNU-HCM, Vietnam ) for their hard work during several fieldwork campaigns. We would like to acknowledge  Fanny Gard ,  Roman Smoliakov  and  Swann Benaksas  for their field work and the implementation of water level data series in the water discharge numerical model. We also greatly thank  Tran Ngoc Khanh An  (The  Ocean Cleanup ) for her dedicated help in facilitating the fieldwork activities.
3%, 232/452), who had completed some form of higher tertiary education (74. 1%, 335/452), and who now worked full time (60. 4%, 273/452) in occupations classified as technicians and associate professionals (74. 1%, 335/452). The known formats of and preferences for food information were also considered in a second best-worst scaling questionnaire administered to the same individuals to ascertain the most preferred format for the provision of food information. The study was undertaken in several European countries to enhance the generalizability of the work. Focus groups were used in a small sample to ascertain relevant criteria of canteen use and consumer preferences for food information provision in depth, given a lack of existing data in this area. The questionnaire was then used to determine the relative importance of these criteria and information formats in a much larger sample.
Prioritizing Requirements Elicited requirements for the app were then prioritized using MoSCoW principles following full consideration by the research team and potential stakeholders to ensure wide use of the app and increased transferability. The MoSCoW method  [42]  is a technique used in software development to prioritize the importance of the delivery of all identified requirements. Requirements are categorized as Must have, Should have, Could have, and Won't have, based on importance, and then prioritized during the development process in this order. Requirements identified as must have are considered central to project success; those identified as should have are considered important, but not necessary; those identified as could have are considered desirable but not necessary; and those identified as won't have are considered least important  [42].
Stage 2: Designing and Developing the App The app was intended for use in a workplace canteen using a predetermined food menu offering a number of dishes and side dishes per day and was envisaged as a consumer-facing user interface attached to a back-end database. All aspects of the app from the user's perspective were carefully considered from visual esthetics of the user interface (eg, logo, color scheme, and picture placement) to the workflow of user tasks. A user journey map was first created to visualize the timeline of interactions with the potential app from the landing page. Wireframes of each app screen were then produced using Balsamiq (Balsamiq Studios). These wireframes focused on app screen layout and content structure and were organized to reflect the user journey map. These wireframes were then mapped to mockups showing the actual visual designs for each screen.
An interactive prototype was created using InVision (InVision Technologies, Inc), and from this an Android app was developed using native Android Studio. Particular consideration was also required for the setup of the back-end database, as databases rely on precise definitions of entities stored, whereas natural languages do not have this level of precision and contain synonyms and terminology imprecision. For instance, the terms dish, food item, and meal needed clarification. The specification of ingredients, for example, milk, within ingredients, for example, cheese, within dishes, also added complexity. The app was developed for Android mobile phones following Google's Material Design Guidelines and industrial best practices, with reference to the adapted Technology Acceptance Model (TAM)  [48] [49] [50].
Public Engagement Events Data were collected from adult participants at 8 global public research engagement events. These public engagement events were largely intended to promote research for the general public and included displays from a range of disciplines-that is, they were not held specifically to demonstrate or promote our app. The app was demonstrated, and data were collected at 4 public engagement events held in the United Kingdom, 1 event held in France, 1 event held in Denmark, 1 event held in Malaysia, and 1 event held in China. These events were chosen to represent the European consumers in the countries involved in the study, but also expanded consideration of the app to different markets. Demonstration at these events was intended to gain feedback and insights from a wide range of potential users of the app.
Analysis Questionnaire responses were entered into SPSS version 24. All questionnaires providing complete SUS data were used for analysis, although not all questionnaires included complete demographic data. The results of the tests for normality were acceptable, and the results of a confirmatory principal component analysis (Varimax rotation) on the responses from the 10 SUS questions were comparable with those conducted by other researchers  [51, 52]. Analysis of the raw item data gave 2 factors that explained 53. 8% of the variance, consisting of (1) the 5 positively phrased items (explaining 41. 4% of the variance) and (2) the 5 negatively phrased items (explaining a further 12. 4% of the variance). Overall SUS scores based on the 10 SUS questions were calculated as described by Brooke  [43].
Stage 2: Designing and Developing the App The app was developed as a consumer-facing user interface attached to a back-end canteen-based database. The back-end database held all required information per dish (ingredients, allergens, and nutritional composition), as supplied by caterers and food manufacturers. The app was designed such that caterers and food manufacturers would be given free and unlimited access to the database to upload information for as many dishes as they wished based on their own dish specifications and could update this information as often as they wished. Information in the database is stored per canteen. The user interface was designed to allow consumers to view all information provided by caterers and food manufacturers, and to manipulate the information displayed if desired, through the selection of settings on the user interface that allowed consumers to input personal details and preferences.
The information for each dish could be revealed by accessing a menu or by scanning a QR (quick response) code placed on a menu or dish label, thus allowing very quick access to all information if desired. Particular consideration, throughout development, was given to the storage and security of personal data from users and dish and ingredient data from manufacturers; thus, all personal information is stored on the user's device, and all industry data are owned and managed by the operator. Version 1 of the prototype included features to meet all requirements identified as must have and most of the features identified as should have using the MoSCoW method  [42]. Full details of the user interface are given in Table  2. In addition to the features identified, version 1 of the app also included functionality for users to label dishes that they liked, but this functionality has not yet been linked to databases to allow feedback to caterers.
Acknowledgments This study was funded by the  European Commission , under grant agreement # 643999 :  FoodSMART. The funder had no role in the conduct of the research, in the decision to publish, or in reviewing or approving the manuscript. The authors would like to thank  Aris Koutsiamanis  and  Aimilia Tasidou ,  University of Thessaloniki, Greece , and  Toby Osman ,  Bournemouth University, United Kingdom , for help with app development.
Data Extraction Two authors (S. D. P. , M. B. ) independently assessed eligibility and study quality and extracted data (Figure  1 ). Eligible trials had to present data on (1) individuals with L. loa infection, defined by the presence of mf in the blood (clinical trials), or (2) a population living in an endemic community eligible for treatment regardless of L. loa microfilarial status (community trials). Only trials during which ivermectin was given as a single standard dose (150-200 µg/kg of body weight) were included. Outcome measures were L. loa microfilaremia prevalence and MFD. Basic parasitological and demographic information from each eligible study was entered into a purpose-built database. The extracted data included demographics of participants (age range and sex ratio) and methods used to select the subjects and for parasitological examinations.
Analysis of Individual Factors Associated With the Effect of Ivermectin on L. loa MFD Using individual participant data, we assessed whether the individuals' age, gender, and pretreatment L. loa MFD were associated with the dynamics of post-treatment L. loa MFD (dependent variable). The pretreatment L. loa MFD was coded in 4 different categories, according to the 4 quartiles: 0-166 (n = 216), 167-3139 (n = 208), 3140-16 179 (n = 212), and 16 180-198 660 mf/mL (n = 211). To account for the nature of the data (repeated measures on sets of individuals from different trials), we built a 3-level regression model: A random intercept was set at the study level, and a random intercept was nested in the study-level random effect to account for repeated measures on individuals. Intraclass correlations were calculated to quantify the variance attributable to interstudy and interindividual heterogeneity.
This analysis was performed using the xtmixed procedure in Stata software  [12]. This analysis was conducted separately for the 7-day period after treatment (when ivermectin exerts its microfilaricidal effect) and the period from day 8 (D8) to D365. The same random-effects regression model was used for both periods. In addition to this main analysis, we performed latent class modeling to test for the existence of different subtypes of responders, defined as the possible "latent classes" (Appendix).
DISCUSSION The first trials of ivermectin on L. loa were conducted after demonstration of the high effectiveness and safety of ivermectin against onchocerciasis. All trials conducted so far have been unanimous in proving the high microfilaricidal efficacy of a single standard dose of ivermectin on L. loa. However, although the very first trials  [14, 19, 21]  concluded the total acceptability and safety of ivermectin for treatment of loiasis, subsequent trials warned about  [13] -or confirmed  [15] -the possible occurrence of SAEs in individuals with very high L. loa microfilaremia. In 1997, the risk threshold for postivermectin Loa-related SAEs was estimated to be 30 000 mf/mL  [23]. The database gathered to conduct the analyses presented in this paper is therefore unique as it includes a large number of individuals with a known pretreatment L.
The model estimated the membership probabilities for each patient, and a unique latent trajectory was assigned to each patient based on the maximal membership probability. This model assumes that repeated observations of the same individual are independent, conditional on latent trajectory, meaning that the within-person correlation structure is explained completely by the estimated trajectory curve for each person in a given latent cluster. The association between the probability of belonging to each latent class and individual risk factors, namely age, sex, and initial microfilaremia, was assessed by logistic regression. Different models were fitted and compared with the BIC. This analysis was performed using the latent classes mixed model (lcmm) package from R-Cran software  [32]. Abbreviation: BIC, Bayesian Information Criterion.
Acknowledgements We wish to thank the hatchery, nursery, and genetic teams of the  Laboratory of Genetics and Pathology ,  Ifremer La Tremblade  and  Ifremer Bouin  for their assistance in mussel production, as well as the team of the  Laboratory of Environment and Resources of the Pertuis Charentais ,  Ifremer La Tremblade , particularly  Jean Luc Seugnet  and  Louis Coste  for their help in field operations. We also acknowledge  James Grizon  and  Stéphane Robert  for sampling the Yves stock after the mortality outbreak in 2015. This work would not have been successful without the active participation of the SMIDAP, allowing testing of the mussel stocks along the coast of the  Pays de la Loire. We are grateful to all the mussel farmers who kindly allowed the utilization of their wooden mussel poles on their leases to carry out this study.
BCL2-family proteins have a central role in the mitochondrial apoptosis machinery and their expression is known to be deregulated in many cancer types. Effort in the development of small molecules that selectively target anti-apoptotic members of this family i. e. , Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, Mcl-1 recently opened novel therapeutic opportunities. Among these apoptosis-inducing agents, BH3-mimetics (i. e. , venetoclax) led to promising preclinical and clinical activity in B cell malignancies. However, several mechanisms of intrinsic or acquired resistance have been described ex vivo therefore predictive markers of response as well as mechanism-based combinations have to be designed. In the present study, we analyzed the expression of the BCL2-family genes across 10 mature B cell malignancies through computational normalization of 21 publicly available Affimetrix datasets gathering 1,219 patient samples.
e. , MCL, BL, DLBCL, FL, B-cell prolymphocytic leukemia (BPLL), CLL, HCL, mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT), SMZL, MM, through normalization of Affymetrix Human Genome U133 Plus 2. 0 public datasets. We analyzed: (1) the common modulations across all B-cell neoplasms in comparison with their respective normal counterpart, (2) the modulations associated to the microenvironment and molecular subtypes, and (3) established a ratio of expression involving Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, Bax, and Bim that is associated with the response rate to venetoclax.
Gene expression profiling datasets were selected on Gene Expression Omnibus (https://www-ncbi-nlm-nih-gov. gate2. inist. fr/geo/) and ArrayExpress (https://www. ebi. ac. uk/arrayexpress/), for all mature B-cell malignancies series and normal B-cell series (Table  S1 ). In order to overcome data normalization biases, only Affymetrix Human Genome U133 Plus 2. 0 series with raw data were retained. Raw data (cel files) were acquired as a whole and normalized using Affy and gcrma packages and outlier samples were removed and data were further quantile normalized (Figure  S1A ). Normalization quality and the absence of a remnant batch-effect were further assessed by the analysis of "anchoring genes" expression (CD27, CCND1, SOX11, MKI67, BCL6, MME, CD200, ITGAE, CD38, and SDC1), highlighting histological and/or B-cell differentiation specificities, independent of source series (Figure  S1 ).