dataesr/scientific-paragraphs-categorization huggingface dataset:
Data Analyses Categorical and ordinal variables are presented as frequency, and continuous variables are presented as mean § SD or median (interquartile range  [IQR] ). Owing to the nonrandom assignment of ruxolitinib, propensity score (PS) matching was used to reduce confounding by indication bias, based on the following steps. Details are provided in the Supplementary Materials. First, a multivariate logistic regression model was fitted to estimate the PS for the use of ruxolitinib, including prognostic covariates measured before or at the index time, namely age, myeloablative conditioning, FEV 1 , FVC, tobacco use, index time, BOS, and total body irradiation. Given the missing data in covariates, multiple imputation was performed first, with PS defined as the average PS across 30 imputed datasets  [26].
That said, no studies have demonstrated the efficacy of steroids on BOS in adult allogeneic HSCT recipients; in fact, we previously reported a deleterious effect of systemic corticosteroids on survival in patients with BOS  [22]. Thus, the steroid-sparing effect is relative to its overall effect on cGVHD burden and cannot be based on respiratory function alone. Most of the 11 patients studied for ruxolitinib efficacy had BOS refractory to several previous lines of immunosuppressive treatment  [18, 19]. In the adult series, the pooled FEV 1 values for the 6 patients did not change significantly over time after ruxolitinib initiation; however, FEV 1 trajectory from the BOS diagnosis was not compared before and after ruxolitinib initiation  [19]. In the pediatric study, the 2 patients who had later ruxolitinib initiation after BOS diagnosis  A phase III randomized open-label multicenter study of ruxolitinib versus best available therapy in patients with corticosteroid-refractory cGVHD is currently ongoing (REACH3; NCT03112603).
However, the endpoints of that study are based on the overall response of GVHD, not on the specific effects on each organ. The recent retrospective observational studies evaluating the efficacy of ruxolitinib in patients with chronic GVHD provide data on each organ, including lung GVHD, but do not provide lung function parameters trajectory  [9, 11]. A phase II openlabel nonrandomized study of ruxolitinib for newly diagnosed BOS after allogeneic HSCT has also recently started, with an expected study completion date of 2023 (NCT03674047). Although the natural history of BOS is poorly understood, there is evidence to suggest that the decline in FEV 1 is initially abrupt with subsequent stabilization irrespective of treatment, making it difficult to assess the effect of treatment on lung function without a control group  [14, 29].
Experimental Setup The microwave system consists of a 15 kW, 2. 45 GHz magnetron-based microwave generator (Muegge, Germany, www. muegge. com) with variable power output, an isolator (circulator + water load), an E/H manual impedance tuner, a manual sliding short circuit, and a TE01 monomode microwave resonant cavity/plasma reactor; the reflected power was measured via a diode detector mounted on the isolator's water load. The microwave generator consists of a high-voltage (HV) switch mode DC power supply with low ripple and a separate magnetron head; the HV power supply and the magnetron are interconnected via two cables: an HV cable for the electrical power transmission to the magnetron and a low voltage cable for data transmission and collection. The values of forward and reflected power are monitored continuously and controlled via a remote HMI/PLC.
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic is a heavy burden in terms of health care resources. Future decision-making policies require consistent data on the management and prognosis of the older patients (> 70 years old) with COVID-19 admitted in the intensive care unit (ICU). Methods: Characteristics, management, and prognosis of critically ill old patients (> 70 years) were extracted from the international prospective COVID-ICU database. A propensity score weighted-comparison evaluated the impact of intubation upon admission on Day-90 mortality.
Characteristics of patients at ICU admission From the 4244 patients enrolled in the COVID-ICU dataset, 1199 (28%) (1115, 41, 43 patients in France, Switzerland, and Belgium, respectively) met the inclusion criteria of the present study (i. e. , age over 70 years old) (see the Additional file 1: Figure  S1 ). The main descriptors of the patient's characteristics are presented in Table  1. The median (IQR) age was 74 (72-78) years. Fifty-three percent of the patients were 70-74 years old, 31% were 75-79 years old and 16% were over 80 years old. The majority of the patients were male (73%). The most frequent comorbidities were chronic hypertension (62%), diabetes (30%), and chronic respiratory disease (25%). Noticeably, the median (IQR) Clinical Frailty Scale was 3 (2-3), with only 160/1085 (15%) vulnerable patients (i.
Funding This study was funded by the  Foundation AP-HP  and the  Direction de la Recherche Clinique et du Development  and the  French Ministry of Health. The REVA network received a 75,000 € research grant form  Air Liquide Healthcare. The funder had no role in the design and conduct of the study, collection, management, analysis, and interpretation of the data; preparation, review, or approval of the manuscript; and decision to submit the manuscript for publication.
Two dogs were excluded because of treatment with study-prohibited drugs: one dog in the uralaner chewable group received oclacitinib and dexamethasone, and a dog in the uralaner spot-on group received dexamethasone. The death prior to day 56 of a uralaner spot-on group dog that had shown weakness, anorexia, dyspnea and dehydration, was diagnosed as cardiac failure, unrelated to treatment. Thus, data from 124 dogs were available for determination of product e cacy, 50 in each of the uralaner groups and 24 in the imidacloprid-moxidectin group. In the latter group most dogs received 4 treatments (once every 4 weeks), 5 dogs required 3 treatments; 2 dogs received 13 treatments (one per week); one received 10; and one received 7 treatments. On days 56 and 84, in both uralaner groups 98. 0% of dogs had shown a parasitological cure (free of mites at two consecutive assessments) (Table  1 ).
For example, let us consider the case of inflation level as a transition variable. If the inflation rate is below the estimated threshold value, i. e. , V -→ -∞ which means that ; , = 0, the importing country experiences a low-inflation regime, and thereby pass-through elasticity is equal to: ]2^ =. If inflation rate is above the threshold value, i. e. , -→ +∞ which means ; , = 1, then the economy is in higher inflation episodes and the pass-through coefficient becomes: ]2^ = + T. 10  The PSTR pass-through equation is estimated for a panel of 10 new EU Member States: Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Romania, Slovakia and Slovenia. 11 We use quarterly data spanning the period 1996:1 to 2015:4. For the domestic import prices KL , we use import price index seasonally adjusted.
As a proxy for the domestic demand, , we use the real GDP. For the exchange rate N , we use the nominal effective trade weighted series, where an increase means depreciation of the national currency, and a decrease means appreciation. To capture changes in foreign costs, we follow Campa and Goldberg (2005) by constructing an exporter partners' cost proxy. In logarithms, this latter is measured as follow: Q * ≡ -N + Rc , where Rc is the domestic unit labour cost (ULC) and is the ULC-based real effective exchange rate. Finally, inflation rate series represent the quarterly change in consumer prices index (CPI). All the data are extracted from the Eurostat database. were highest in Bulgaria and Romania in terms of average (in absolute value) and variability as measured by the standard deviation.
First, according to equation (  13 ) only the contemporaneous pass-through coefficients are computed as panel regime-switching models are designed only for non-dynamic panels (see González et al. , 2017; Hansen, 1999, for a detailed discussion). To deal with this issue, once the threshold values are estimated from equation (  13 ), it is possible to consider a dynamic panel-data model by including lagged import prices as explanatory variables. Then, the extent of ERPT will be estimated for the identified regimes using a generalized method of moments (GMM) estimator. Second, the time dimension within our panel dataset covers only two decades, and it is possible that panel cointegration tests based on such a short time span would have a limited power. The, we have considered the possible presence of a long-run equilibrium relationship between variables (in levels) entering the ERPT as in equation (  11 ).
Patients with progressive and symptomatic advanced MTC represent a subset of the ZETA trial cohort with a strong medical need, and it is of interest to explore the clinical benefits of vandetanib treatment in patients with differing levels of disease. Here, we report the results of a post hoc analysis of the ZETA trial (ClinicalTrials. gov identifier: NCT00410761) assessing the efficacy and safety of vandetanib in 4 disease severity subgroups of patients with MTC. The primary objective of the analysis was to determine the efficacy of vandetanib for the cohort of patients with aggressive (ie, with documented progression) and symptomatic disease that formed the basis for the patients defined in the vandetanib label in the European Union.
Study Design This post hoc analysis assessed subgroups of patients from the ZETA trial, a randomized, placebo-controlled, doubleblind, phase III clinical study (ClinicalTrials. gov identifier: NCT00410761), details of which have been reported previously. 16 Patients eligible for the ZETA trial were adults who had measurable, unresectable, locally advanced or metastatic, hereditary or sporadic MTC. Submission of a tumor sample was required except for patients with hereditary MTC who had a documented germline RET mutation. Other key inclusion criteria were WHO performance status of 0-2 and serum calcitonin level $ 500 pg/mL. All patients provided written informed consent. The protocol was approved by all relevant institutional ethical committees or review bodies, and the study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and good clinical practice.
CONTEXT Key Objective Is vandetanib also effective and safe in patients with progressive and symptomatic medullary thyroid cancer (MTC; ZETA trial; ClinicalTrials. gov identifier: NCT00410761), as analyzed in accordance with progression-free survival (PFS)? Knowledge Generated Of the 331 patients in the original ZETA trial, 184 (55. 6%) had symptomatic and progressive disease at baseline. In this subgroup, results were similar in magnitude to those observed in the overall trial for PFS (hazard ratio [HR], 0. 43; 95% CI, 0. 28 to 0. 64; P ,. 0001), overall survival (HR, 1. 08; 95% CI, 0. 72 to 1. 61; P 5. 71), and time to worsening of pain (HR, 0. 67; 95% CI, 0. 43 to 1. 04; P 5. 07), and the observed adverse events were consistent with the known safety profile of vandetanib.
Assessments Tumor assessments were categorized by the local investigators by using RECIST v1. 0, as described previously. Upon objective determination of disease progression by the local investigator, all imaging scans were assessed for progression and response by an independent central read. Patients continued to be observed for survival thereafter regardless of whether they continued post-progression treatment, unless they withdrew consent. For the primary ZETA analysis, data from the central read, which was not conducted in real time, were used in preference to data from the local site review. However, the choice to offer the patients open-label vandetanib was based on local site review. This resulted in patients not progressive by central review receiving open-label medication. To exclude this source of potential bias and to avoid it in the current post hoc analysis, local investigatorassessed progression was used to determine PFS.
In the TWP analysis, death or RECIST progression was not considered a worsening of pain, so there may be misclassification of treatment status during TWP follow-up after disease progression as those who experienced progression could elect to enter open-label treatment with vandetanib. Finally, it is worth noting that local review of the imaging data was used to determine progression. This approach was chosen to circumvent the problem of the original analysis of the ZETA trial. In the ZETA trial, patients could receive open-label medication if the local investigator found progressive disease. 16 However, the image data were also reviewed centrally, and a substantial number of patients received open-label vandetanib without central read-confirmed progression. This resulted, upon data analysis, in a relative high ORR of 13% in the placebo arm, because patients with no confirmed progression by central read switched to the openlabel drug (because of progression found by the local investigator) and experienced a response to it.
Combining U-Pb ages with Lu-Hf data in zircon provides insights into the magmatic history of rocky planets. The Northwest Africa (NWA) 7034/7533 meteorites are samples of the southern highlands of Mars containing zircon with ages as old as 4476. 3 ± 0. 9 Ma, interpreted to reflect reworking of the primordial Martian crust by impacts. We extracted a statistically significant zircon population (n = 57) from NWA 7533 that defines a temporal record spanning 4. 2 Gyr. Ancient zircons record ages from 4485. 5 ± 2. 2 Ma to 4331. 0 ± 1. 4 Ma, defining a bimodal distribution with groupings at 4474 ± 10 Ma and 4442 ± 17 Ma. We interpret these to represent intense bombardment episodes at the planet's surface, possibly triggered by the early migration of gas giant planets. The unradiogenic initial Hf-isotope composition of these zircons establishes that Mars's igneous activity prior to ∼4.
We note that the abundance of highly siderophile elements and the osmium isotope composition of NWA 7034/7533      S3. Note that the 206 Pb/ 204 Pb ratios of the zircons described here (Dataset S1) are within a similar range of values to that reported in earlier studies  (2, 16). are consistent with early bombardment episodes  (10)  Migration of the gas giant planets is thought to have initiated a short-lived influx of water-rich outer Solar System bodies to the inner Solar System, which resulted in the intense bombardment of the rocky planets ∼700 Myr after Solar System formation  (11). Revised timescales of giant planet migrations suggest that this event occurred much earlier, namely in the first 100 Myr of the history of the Solar System  (12). The 32 ± 20 Myr time window of impact-related igneous activity recorded by the bimodal distribution of Martian zircon ages is similar to the short-lived ∼30-Myr influx of outer Solar System bodies predicted to occur as a consequence of the giant planet migration  (11, 13).
0 ± 0. 4, consistent with the clast being the product of remelting of an older, crustal reservoir. Our more comprehensive Hf dataset is consistent with an earlier report (4), but the identification of more enriched initial Hf isotope signatures for the same time periods requires an earlier crust extraction event and/or a source reservoir with a lower 176 Lu/ 177 Hf ratio. Moreover, the greater range of initial Hf isotope compositions for a given age may indicate a protracted episode of crust extraction and/or heterogeneity in the 176 Lu/ 177 Hf value of the primordial crust. The four zircons with the most enriched initial Hf isotope compositions, which have 207 Pb/ 206 Pb ages ranging from 4401. 3 ± 0. 7 Ma to 4474. 0 ± 1. 0 Ma, require a source reservoir with a 176 Lu/ 177 Hf value of 0. 008, assuming an extraction age of 4560 Ma (SI Appendix, Fig.
This is in line with the large variability in the 176 Lu/ 177 Hf ratios observed for individual basaltic clasts from NWA 7034/7533, which range from 0. 011 to 0. 050 [(2) and clast C27; SI Appendix, Table  S2 ]. We show in Fig. 2A  that the zircon data are consistent with the reworking of a single crustal reservoir extracted by 4547 Ma and characterized by domains with variable 176 Lu/ 177 Hf ratios ranging from 0. 004 to 0. 014. These data reemphasize the early solidification history of the planet and support thermal models predicting magma ocean crystallization within 10 Myr of Solar System formation  (15). If zircons in the NWA 7533 breccia provide a representative record of the early magmatic activity of the planet, our comprehensive Hf isotope dataset suggests that the bulk of the igneous activity on Mars prior to ∼4.
The discovery of a primitive Hf isotope signal in the young zircon population, that we relate to plume magmatism, suggests the existence of a deep-seated, isotopically homogenous and presumably convecting mantle reservoir. As such, the isotopically anomalous shergottites, nakhlites, and chassignites must reflect melting of a reservoir isolated from convective stirring, namely the lithospheric mantle (Fig. 3 ). The Hf isotope dataset for >4. 3-Ga zircons firmly establishes that magma ocean crystallization occurred within 20 Myr of Solar System formation. However, this estimate is significantly older than that of up to 100 Myr after Solar System formation based on the Sm-Nd systematics of shergottite meteorites  (32, 33). These protracted silicate differentiation timescales must reflect a temporally distinct, younger mantle fractionation event following planetary differentiation.
The X-ray experiment was carried out on beamline 34-ID-E of the Advanced Photon Source at Argonne National Laboratory. The U-Pb systematics of this zircon was investigated using the CAMECA 1280 ion microprobe equipped with a high-brightness Oregon Physics Hyperion-II radiofrequency plasma oxygen ion source and housed by the Centre for Microscopy, Characterization and Analysis at the University of Western Australia. The Lu-Hf systematics of DT-1 was studied at the Geochronology and Tracers Facility, British Geological Survey, using a Thermo-Fischer Neptune Plus MC-ICP-MS coupled to an NWR193UC 193-nm excimer laser ablation system equipped with a TV2 low-volume ablation cell. A full description of the samples reported in this study and procedures used for data acquisition is presented in SI Appendix.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS. Financial support for this project was provided by grants from the  Carlsberg Foundation  ( CF18_1105 ), the  Danish National Research Foundation  ( DNRF97 ), and the  European Research Council  ( ERC Advanced Grant Agreement 833275-DEEPTIME)  (to M. B. ) A. A. N. acknowledges funding from the  Australian Research Council  (Grant  DP190103849 ). T. E. J. acknowledges support from the  State Key Laboratory for Geological Processes and Mineral Resources, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan (Open Fund   GPMR201903 ). This research used resources of the  Advanced Photon Source , a  U. S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science User Facility  operated for the  DOE Office of Science by Argonne National Laboratory  under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. We thank  Jens Frydenvang ,  Kjartan Kinch , and  Sanjeev Gupta  for discussion.
3 - - - - - *We report the 238 U/ 206 Pb ages for grains younger than 800 Ma and the 207 Pb/ 206 Pb ages for grains older than 800 Ma (note that the 238 U/ 206 Pb age was used for grain S22B3 given the large uncertainty of the 207 Pb/ 206 Pb age). Using this approach, the weighted mean of the eHf T corresponds to 0. 30 ± 0. 65. Using only the 207 Pb/ 206 Pb ages to calculate the initial Hf isotope composition returns a weighted mean of 1. 14 ± 1. 12 for the eHf T values, which overlaps with our preferred approach. Age uncertainties are 2σ. Uncertainties on the Hf isotope ratios reflect the 2SE internal precision in last decimal places. U-Pb data are reported in full in Dataset S1 and SI Appendix, Table.
Planetary model Our computation of climate state and mean surface temperature is based on 3D simulations with the Generic LMD GCM  4, 47, 48. The model includes a 2-layer dynamic ocean computing heat transport and sea ice formation  49. The radiative transfer is based on the correlated-k methods with k-coefficients calculated using the HITRAN 2008 molecular database. We used the simulations described in ref  4  for the early Earth at 3. 8 Ga, assuming no land, 1 bar of N2 and a 14 hour rotation period. The simulation grid covers a range of pCO2 from 0. 01 to 1 bar and pCH4 from 0 to 10 mbar. From this grid, we derived the following simple parametrization of the mean surface temperature as a function of pCO2 and pCH4 (expressed in bar): 𝑇 (°𝐶) = -19. 26 + 77. 67 ˜𝑝𝐶𝑂 R + 5 𝑙𝑜𝑔10(1 + 𝑝𝐶𝐻 v 10 t 3 ) (E12) In the coupled biological-planetary model, we assume that the climate is always at equilibrium, meaning that the timescale of climate convergence is shorter than biological and geochemical timescales.
Acknowledgements We thank  Daniel Apai ,  Alex Bixel ,  Dillon Demo ,  Zach Grochau-Wright ,  François Guyot ,  Betul Kacar ,  James Kasting ,  Charles Lineweaver ,  Scot Rafkin  and  Alexander Sotto  for discussion; and three anonymous reviewers for their insightful comments and helpful suggestions. This work was supported by  Paris Sciences & Lettres University (IRIS OCAV  and  PSL-University of Arizona Mobility Program ). B. S. acknowledges support from  PSL IRIS Origins  and conditions for the emergence of life (OCAV) program. R. F. acknowledges support from the  United States National Science Foundation ,  Dimensions of Biodiversity program  ( DEB-1831493 ).
e. , NMC622 composite in contact with electrolyte solution). The obtained data represents a useful dataset for the analysis of the XPS spectra of all electrodes, permitting to evaluate the origin of the CEI lm and thus to discriminate the impact of each component of the battery cell. The binding energies of reference materials are reported in Table  3. For the pristine composite electrode (Table  3a ), the C 1s peaks at 284. 5, 286. 2, 287. 2, and 289/290. 5 eV are in agreement with C-C/C]C (carbon conductive), C-O residual, C-H (in PVDF), and C-F (in PVDF and shake-up satellite structure, p/ p* transition, of carbon conductive),  [63] [64] [65]  respectively. For the O 1 s spectra, binding energies of 529. 6531. 8, and 532. 9/534. 4 eV are attributed to the metal-oxygen lattice bond (M-O), C]O, and C-O species, respectively.
Acknowledgements E. Figgemeier  acknowledges funding by the  Federal Ministry of Education and Research  through the project  Meet HiEnD II  ( 03XP0084B ). G. G. Eshetu acknowledges the funding received from the  European Commission  via the  H2020   IMAGE  project (grant agreement number:  769929-IMAGE-H2020-GV-2016-2017/H2020-GV-2017 ). The authors specially thank  Michel Armand  for the for the fruitful scientic discussions,  J. Hyunsang  for drawing the Nitrile-based additive working principle, and  N. Hamzelui  for coating the Si-Gr anode electrodes.
Data Collection A prospective data base of all patients with aneurysms treated with the WEB is maintained. The files and follow-up images of all patients were reviewed by a physician not involved in the WEB procedures to identify all patients with persistent contrast inside the WEB at 6 months' follow-up or later. Aneurysm characteristics and treatment modalities were collected in the electronic medical records system and retrospectively reviewed. To determine the role of dual-antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) in the occurrence of the contrast-in-WEB phenomenon, we analyzed the files of the 119 patients treated during the recruitment period who did not present with the phenomenon. The reasons for placing the patients under DAPT after the procedure were collected.