dataesr/scientific-paragraphs-categorization huggingface dataset:
The Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities version 23. 1 dictionary used in the study included the terms ocular vasculitis and retinal vasculitis. Cross-checks between the electronic case report form recorded clinical data and reports of adverse events were performed on an ongoing basis by the sponsor as part of the medical data review plan. Safety was assessed through descriptive summary of ocular and nonocular adverse events, deaths, and ocular assessments. Clinically significant laboratory abnormalities and clinically significant vital sign abnormalities were reported as adverse events and were evaluated as part of the adverse event assessments. Participant description of treatment-emergent adverse events was matched with Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities thesaurus terms, and the incidence and severity were summarized by treatment arm.
Microwave reactions were carried out using a CEM Discover Microwave Synthesizer. Optical rotations were obtained from an AA-100 polarimeter, and [α] D values are given in 10 -1 cm 2 •g -1. High-performance liquid chromatography analysis (HPLC, Waters Alliance 2695) was performed in final compounds and indicated purity of 95% based on integrations without the use of an internal standard. High-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) was performed on an Agilent-LC 1200 Series coupled to a 6210 Agilent Time-Of-Flight (TOF) mass spectrometer equipped with an electrospray source in both positive and negative (ESI+/-) modes. Infrared spectra were obtained as a film on NaCl plates or as KBr disks in the region 4000-400 cm -1 on a Perkin Elmer Spectrum 100 FT-IR spectrophotometer. Spectroscopic data for all compounds are provided in the Supplementary Materials.
Outcomes Patients and procedure. Patient data included demographics, date of first COVID-19 symptoms and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) results, level of respiratory support (oxygen therapy, MV support), ICU and hospital outcomes (length of MV, length of stay at hospital, vital status). Patients were also evaluated six months after hospital discharge to evaluate MV and tracheostomy complications as part of a routine post-ICU consultation. Procedure data included timing of tracheostomy, length of procedure, and complications.
Tracheostomy procedure and complications Tracheostomy was performed after a median of 17  [12] [13] [14] [15] [16] [17] [18] [19] [20] [21] [22]  days of MV. The mean duration for the ST procedure was 21  minutes. No data was available concerning the duration for the percutaneous tracheostomy (PT) procedure. Three complications were reported during PT due to technical difficulties, all leading to severe hypoxemia with 2 conversions to a surgical technique. One patient presented a cardiac arrest (no flow null, low flow of 2 minutes) due to hypoxemia, with no neurological consequences. These two patients were included in the ST group.
Acknowledgments The authors are thankful to  CAPES  for its financial support. Also, they appreciated the help of  Drs. Tsai Sui Mui  and  Antonio V. O. Figueira  ( CENA-USP ), and  Eliot W. Kitajima  ( NAP/MEPA ESALQ-USP ) who unconditionally opened their laboratories to perform our experiments. They would like to thank  Pr. Christophe Dunand ,  Drs. Hervé Canut  and  Christian Mazars  for fruitful suggestions. They also wish to thank the  Paul Sabatier-Toulouse 3 University  and the  CNRS  for supporting the research of J. P. G. while visiting student at  Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales. We also thank the anonymous reviewers who contributed with constructive critics toward improving the manuscript organization and discussion.
J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f The French CANCERVIH network is a multidisciplinary task force supported by the French National Cancer Institute (INCa) whose mission is to optimise management and care of PLWHIV and suffering from cancer. A main objective of CANCERVIH is to ensure equal care for PLWHIV, particularly through access to therapeutic innovations including immunotherapy  [6]. Here, we report 5 cases taken from the CANCERVIH database of PLWHIV with advanced NSCLC and treated with first-line pembrolizumab.
Methods The CANCERVIH working group  [7]  has recommended that all new cases of PLWHIV with cancer should be included in the CANCERVIH database and discussed during the bimonthly national multidisciplinary board. Moreover, recommendations for immuno-virological monitoring have been published  [8]. Between January 2014 and December 2019, 105 PLWHIV suffering from lung cancer at various stages were presented. Among them, five with advanced NSCLC were eligible for first-line pembrolizumab monotherapy, having an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) Performance Status ≤1; PD-L1 tumour expression ≥50%, and patient agreement. All patients received a fixed dose of 200 mg pembrolizumab every 3 weeks until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. The outcome of this treatment is reported here (Table  1 ).
We also assessed the effectiveness of ICI in these HIV-immunosuppressed patients and found an average survival of 9. 8 months. Due to the small sample size, we cannot compare these data to larger studies in the general population  [3]. Three patients had rapid progression occurring only after 1-5 treatment cycles, despite the high PD-L1 tumour expression (>50%). In contrast, of 2 patients with partial response, one (Case 2) had 2 additional cycles after data collection (9 in total), then progressed and started chemotherapy (overall survival of 24 months); and the other had a longer-term response (Case 4, 28 treatment cycles). However, high PD-L1 expression is only one prognostic factor of response to anti-PD-L1 immunotherapy and other potential markers are unknown. For example, one of our non-responders (Case 3) had 80% tumour PD-L1 expression, but was also a non-smoker, a condition which is unrelated to tumour immune responseeven with high PD-L1 expression J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f  [10]  but rather relates to the activation of molecular pathways of addiction.
Acknowledgements We would like to thank the anonymous reviewers for their outstanding job of refereeing, especially for their comments on the avoidance of traps results and the stability of the iterates of the stochastic algorithm which helped us to improve and clarify our manuscript. A. B. was supported by the " Futur & Ruptures" research program  which is jointly funded by the  IMT , the  Mines-Télécom Foundation  and the  Carnot TSN Institute. S. S. was supported by the  "Région Ile-de-France ".
It is also important to consider that each country has its own method of counting deaths by COVID-19, which includes one or more or all possible places where deaths occur (in a hospital, seniors' residence, at home). To make their data more reliable, the authors excluded countries that reported fewer than 10 deaths by covid-19. But this restriction seems insufficient. In our calculation, we included only countries having a GDP per capita of greater than US$1200. The last country to make this cut-off was Benin, which had a COVID-19 mortality rate of four for every one million inhabitants. On this basis, the following countries were excluded: Lesotho, Tanzania, South Sudan, Nepal, Equatorial Guinea, Guinea, Yemen, Mali, Tajikistan, Ethiopia, Rwanda, Uganda, Burkina Faso, Haiti, Gambia, Chad, Guinea-Bissau, Togo, Liberia, Niger, Democratic Republic of Congo, Madagascar, Sierra Leone, Afghanistan, Mozambique, Central African Republic, Sudan, Malawi, Burundi, Somalia.
Acknowledgements The authors thank  Mr. J. -F. Léon  and  Mr. S. Couillaud ,  Galtenco Solutions ,  Pessac ,  Mr. C. Estournès  and  Mr. G. Chevallier ,  PNF2 ,  Toulouse ,  Mr. A. Largeteau  and  Mr. C. Chung Seu  U,  ICMCB, Bordeaux ,  M. P. McKelvie-Sebileau  native English-speaking Medical Writer,  Mr. G. L. Vignoles , LCTS,  Bordeaux. They  are acknowledged for their help.
Data collection, assessment, management and use One of the prerequisites to apply materials development acceleration concepts is the efficient production, collection, storage and use of data related to all materials properties of interest. For example, ML techniques are essentially based on the availability of a sufficiently large amount of qualified data, through the analysis of which predictive laws can be derived (data-driven modelling). Even though AI can also be of help to bridge through scales in a physical multiscale modelling framework  [28] , the fast analysis of data covering a wide spectrum of conditions is de facto the mainstream use and application of AI, thus a significant component of empiricism remains at the basis of this application. It should also be noted that the application of these techniques is potentially problematic in the specific case of nuclear materials, because irradiation data are in many case scarce, so rather than a problem of "big data" analysis, nuclear materials face the opposite problem of "too small" datasets.
One answer to this is the use of so-called "few-shot" AI techniques  [29]. Another, and complementary, approach is to encourage data sharing as well as sharing of methodologies to guarantee the quality and the consistency of these data. This is a long-standing problem that becomes mainly a legal intellectual property protection issue, although it may be facilitated by the application of smart rules that allow their usability for the purpose of modelling, while protecting the data and their origin. For instance, in Europe, several Horizon 2020 projects contribute to the Open Research Data (ORD) Pilot initiative. Submitting data to this initiative is voluntary. The goal is to try to engage data producers in European Commission-funded projects to make their data openly available (at least the data connected with published and nonconfidential work), according to the so-called FAIR principles: Findability, Accessibility, Interoperability, Reusability.
In contrast, it is not straightforward to decide the format and the ancillary information in the case of microstructural examination and also, in several cases, modelling data, i. e. data produced by models (e. g. density functional theory calculations) or data necessary for the application of models (e. g. interatomic potentials, parameters for kinetic Monte Carlo simulations, …). The recently approved Euratom project ENTENTE 3  (EuropeaN daTabasE for multiscale modelliNg of radiaTion damagE) aims at constructing a prototypical database to be used for nuclear structural materials, in which the first example case study is light water reactor pressure vessel steels, a class of materials on which a large quantity of data exists, ranging from mechanical to microstructural and also modelling data.
Identification of projects A survey was carried out among the EGISM members during the time-period 2018-2019 to identify past and ongoing activities on innovative materials and fabrication processes. The objective was not to obtain an exhaustive list of worldwide activities, but to collect a representative number of projects that can be categorised, mapped, studied and compared, particularly in terms of technology readiness level. More than 40 activities, national or international projects from eleven member countries and international organisation (EU) have been listed. Their magnitude varies from prospective studies carried out by one laboratory to major coordinated programmes. The following data were gathered in a template: • Project title and identification information such as website, country, leading organisation, partners, sponsor(s), status and dates; The types of innovative manufacturing processes are more complex with at least 5 categories: activities address more than one reactor type and most countries are active for several nuclear systems (see Fig.
Thus TRL-3 is reached. Experimental testing in relevant operational conditions was performed (high temperature, irradiation, corrosion, creep experiments…), thus TRL-4 is also under evaluation. However, in neither case can the conditions of exposure be counted as fully representative of the target operational environment. Bridging towards higher TRL would require scaling up towards industrial production, performing first neutron irradiation, compiling basic performance property data with a view to qualification. Assuming this happens, in both cases considerable resources will be needed to move to TRL-6, because of the lack, currently, of a model or prototype system where the relevant environment is reproduced, be it Gen. IV or fusion.
In this field, sharing also when possible with the non-nuclear field is an opportunity. The need for qualified data is critical. With this objective in mind, it is essential to develop common databases with shared structures and formats of data with a specified methodology to guarantee the validity/ level of uncertainty of the data incorporated. Moreover, with the rapid development of new fabrication processes as well as coated systems, data on the processes have also to be included in the database, which will have to include the type of process, the nature of the equipment, the process parameters, the associated generated microstructures and the fabricated specimen properties. In this framework, the database design and the data format definition are challenges in themselves. Concerning emerging fabrication processes, additive manufacturing but also advanced coating technologies, nano-manufacturing, as well as hybrid processes, are opportunities for fast development of high performance materials  [10].
The development of high-speed cameras and/ or in situ instrumentation will help produce a large amount of in situ process data. As said already, databases on both materials and processes are key issues to progress fast, combined to data analysis using artificial intelligence and numerical simulation. These activities should also benefit from the feedback of the non-nuclear field. Combinatorial synthesis to accelerate materials or coatings developments coupled to automated characterization techniques and process optimization assisted by artificial intelligence allow very fast elaboration and characterization of coatings or materials. However, the specifications and the expected properties have to be clearly defined regarding the final application of the material/component. For structural materials, understanding the link between the process parameters and the obtained microstructures is essential to progress fast and reach these specifications.
As our sample was constructed with the cut W1 -W2 ≥ 0. 8, the distribution peaks at α ∼ 1 and extends to steeper spectral indices, with a mean value of 1. 26. Distributions of spectral indices and fluxes for our final sample of quasars are shown in Figure  2. The corresponding mean isophotal frequency is 8. 922 × 10 13 Hz, with a dispersion of 0. 19%. Our magnitude cut is equivalent to a flux density cut of 77. 77 > S ν > 0. 09 mJy. To estimate the distribution of quasar redshifts, we select those within the Sloan Digital Sky Survey 2 https://catwise. github. io/CatWISE2020 2020 07 18. pdf (SDSS) Stripe 82, a 275 deg 2 region of the sky scanned repeatedly by the SDSS, thus achieving an increase of depth of ∼ 2 mag  (Annis et al. 2014 ). In the specObj table for SDSS DR16, 3  Stripe 82 contains 4.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We thank the anonymous referee for their insightful review that greatly improved this work. We also thank  Jean Souchay  for discussions that helped motivate this work,  Steph LaMassa  for helpful suggestions on Stripe 82, and  Wilbur Venus  for thoughtful comments. N. J. S. , M. R. and S. S. gratefully acknowledge the hospitality of the  Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris. S. v. H. is supported by the  EXPLORAGRAM Inria AeX  grant and by the  Carlsberg Foundation  with grant  CF19 0456. The authors made use of dustmaps (Green 2018) to calculate Galactic reddening. The data and software to reproduce the analysis and plots in this Letter can be found at https://doi. org/10. 5281/zenodo. 4431089.
Purpose The provision of clinically assisted nutrition (CAN) in patients with advanced cancer is controversial, and there is a paucity of specific guidance, and so a diversity in clinical practice. Consequently, the Palliative Care Study Group of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer (MASCC) formed a Subgroup to develop evidence-based guidance on the use CAN in patients with advanced cancer. Methods This guidance was developed in accordance with the MASCC Guidelines Policy. A search strategy for Medline was developed, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were explored for relevant reviews/trials respectively. The outcomes of the review were categorised by the level of evidence, and a "category of guideline" based on the level of evidence (i.
Methods The aim of the Subgroup was to develop comprehensive, clinically relevant, evidence-based guidance on the provision of CAN in patients with advanced cancer. Thus, it was agreed that the guidance could include ones supported by "high" levels of evidence (e. g. systematic reviews), as well as ones supported by "low" levels of evidence (e. g. expert opinion), if the topic were deemed to be clinically relevant. The guidance was developed in accordance with the MASCC Guidelines Policy  [33]. The Subgroup adopted the National Cancer Institute (NCI) definition of advanced cancer (see above)  [14] , and data was included from studies involving cancer patients still receiving anti-cancer treatment, and also cancer patients only receiving palliative care (or both modalities).
Table. 1 Ethical considerations relating to provision of clinically assisted nutrition in patients with advanced cancer [8] The physician / multidisciplinary team has the ultimate responsibility for making the decision on clinically assisted nutrition Clinically assisted nutrition should be considered if the potential benefits outweigh the potential burdens (and vice versa) Clinically assisted nutrition should be considered if it is unclear whether the potential benefits outweigh the potential burdens (i. e. give a trial of clinically assisted nutrition) The patient does not have the right to demand clinically assisted nutrition The patient does have the right to refuse clinically assisted nutrition (if the patient has capacity / competence) A valid advance directive to refuse treatment must be followed (if the patient does not have capacity / competence) The family do not have the right to demand clinically assisted nutrition A search strategy for Medline was developed (Appendix 1), and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CEN-TRAL) were explored for relevant reviews/trials respectively  [34, 35].
The review of the published literature was restricted to papers written in English, and to papers relating to adult (≥ 19 years) humans. All abstracts identified by the search of Medline (1946 to 10th July 2020) were downloaded into a reference management software package. These abstracts were independently assessed for relevance by the two main authors (BA, AD), and if one author deemed the abstract relevant, then the full text of the article was obtained. These articles were independently assessed for inclusion by the two main authors. All of the authors were involved in assessing the randomised controlled trials in the CENTRAL, and the two main authors were involved in assessing the systematic reviews in the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. Whenever possible, the guidance was based on data from patients with advanced cancer.
Results The searches were last undertaken on 13th July 2020. The Medline search identified 1513 references, and 110 full text articles were retrieved (and reviewed). The search of the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (29th July 2020) identified 1368 references, and 11 more full-text articles were formally examined. Similarly, the search of the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (29th July 2020) identified 39 references, and 4 reviews were formally examined. Reference lists of the retrieved articles/reviews were also checked for additional sources of information (not identified in the original searches). The Subgroup were only able to formulate 11 suggestions, and 1 recommendation (due to the paucity of evidence).
Study design and data source This is a retrospective registry-based analysis on behalf of the Acute Leukemia Working Party (ALWP) of the EBMT. The EBMT is a voluntary working group of more than 600 transplantation centers that are required to report all consecutive stem cell transplantations and follow-up once a year. In EBMT registry, there is an internal quality control regarding accuracy and consistency of what is entered data and periodic queries on missing / incorrect data and follow-up requests. A routinely audit, however, will not be performed. All transplantation centers are required to obtain written informed consent before data registration with the EBMT in accordance with the 1975 Declaration of Helsinki.
Patient eligibility All adults (aged ≥ 18 years) with ALL in CR1 at transplantation, registered in the EBMT ProMISe database, who underwent a first alloHCT from an unmanipulated graft, using PTCy from Haplo, MUD or MSD donors between 2010 and 2018 were eligible. MUD was defined as 10/10 patient and donor compatibility considering HLA A, B, C, and DRB1 and DQB1 allelic typing. Haplo transplant was defined as one with the number of donor-recipient human leukocyte antigen (HLA) mismatches ≥ 2.
The missing data on Ph positivity were handled as a supplementary category in multivariate models for adjustment. Stem cell source and use of ATG were not included in the model due to their association with donor type. TBI was used over conditioning intensity due to low numbers of TBI-based RIC in MSD (n = 13) and MUD (n = 12). To allow the center effect, we introduced a random effect (frailty term) for each center into the model. Median follow-up was estimated using the reverse Kaplan-Meier method. The significance level was fixed at 0. 05, and P values were two-sided. Statistical analyses were performed using R software version 4. 0. 2 (R Development Core Team, Vienna, Austria) software packages.
Patient and transplantation characteristics Patient, disease, and transplant characteristics of the overall study population and according to donor type are summarized in Table  1. A total of 469 patients were included in the study, of which 297 were transplanted from Haplo, 94 from MUD and 78 from MSD donors. The median age of patients was 37 years (range 18-76) and 64% were male. ALL was of B-cell origin in 359 (77%) patients and 166 (41%) were Ph positive, 243 (59%) Ph negative (including all T-cell types) and the Ph data was missing for 60 patients. PB was used as the stem cell source in 293 (62%) patients. Regarding conditioning, 209 (45%) were TBI-based regimens and 387 (83%) patients received MAC. PTCy was used alone in (n = 27; 6%) or in combination with 1 (n = 75; 16%) or 2 (n = 367; 78%) immunosuppressive drugs.
In addition, important variables such as pretransplant minimal residual disease and comorbidity index were not available. Despite the heterogeneity in these factors, the analysis of a large series of patients limited to an early stage of a single disease (ALL in CR1) who used a homogeneous GvHD prophylaxis with PTCy, allowed us to segregate the effect of donor from the effect of GvHD prophylaxis. Future studies, like the ongoing European prospective randomized study comparing MUD to Haplo (Haplo-MUD Study) with PTCy in both arm (ClinicalTrials. gov Identifier: NCT04232241), will be able to overcome some of these limitations.