dataesr/scientific-paragraphs-categorization huggingface dataset:
Data processing Anatomical. T1w images were normalized to the Montreal National Institute 152 template (MNI152) using SyN-ANTS non-linear registration. 25 ffusion tensor imaging. Diffusion images were denoised using a Local Principal Component Analysis method that reduces signal fluctuations solely rooted in thermal noise. 26 Images were further corrected for eddy currents and head motion using affine registration to the associated non-diffusion-weighted images. 27 Fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), axial diffusivity (AD), and radial diffusivity (RD) maps were computed by fitting a tensor model. 27 FA images were aligned to the FMRIB58_FA target which is in MNI152 standard space using a non-linear registration. 27 Aligned FA images were averaged, then a "thinning" (nonmaximum-suppression perpendicular to the local tract structure) was applied to create a skeletonized mean FA image.
Statistical analysis Statistical analysis was performed using FSL (FMRIB Software Library v6. 0)  27  and Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS v23, IBM corp. ). Group comparisons. Differences for age, disease duration (DD) and the ALSFRS-R score between groups were assessed using Student's t-test or the Kruskal-Wallis test, when applicable. Differences for gender between groups were assessed using the Chi-squared test. Voxel-wise analysis. Differences in diffusion (FA, MD, RD, AD) and sodium (TSC) maps between groups (ALS patients vs HC; fast vs HC; slow vs HC; fast vs slow) were assessed using permutation inference statistics (5000 permutations), combined with t-testing. Threshold-free cluster enhancement (TFCE) with a significance interval of p-values < 0. 05 was used to correct for multiple comparisons (i.
The presented STEM-EELS dataset was acquired from a region of 4. 8 × 3. 9 nm 2 , with a sampling of 110 × 88 pixels 2. Subpixel scanning (16 × 16) was employed, hence leading to a 1760 × 1408 pixels 2 simultaneously acquired HAADF image in Fig. 1(a). The experimental EELS maps and HAADF image in Fig. 2  are directly cropped from a 88 × 88 pixels 2 region in the original dataset. The dwell time was 0. 2 s, at a dispersion of 0. 05 eV=pixel. The experimental maps were obtained after background extraction (modeled with a power-law function), and energy filtering with a 2 eV window for π Ã and σ Ã states. The spatial variations of the C-K ELNES are highlighted in Fig. 1(b) , where spectra corresponding to in-C-plane (solid orange line) and out-of-C-plane (solid blue line) probe positions are displayed.
The electron microscopy work was supported by the  EPSRC (UK). SuperSTEM Laboratory  is the  EPSRC National Research Facility for Advanced Electron Microscopy. The authors would like to thank  Hitachi High-Tech Corporation (UK and Japan) ,  Orsay Physics and Tescan  for the preparation of FIB lamellae. M. B. is grateful to the  SuperSTEM Laboratory  for microscope access, and to the  School of Chemical and Process Engineering at the University of Leeds  for a visiting associate professorship and financial support. M. E. and S. L. acknowledge funding from the  Austrian Science Fund (FWF)  under Grant No. I4309-N36. L. L. acknowledges funding from  U. S. National Science Foundation  under Grant No. EFMA-1741673. M. B. and M. E. contributed equally to this work.
The other characteristics collected were: age, sex and smoking status at cohort entry. The participants were followed for LC diagnosis and vital status until July 2019. Underlying and contributing causes of death, as stipulated on death certificates, were obtained. Respiratory-targeted care use was obtained from the French National Health Insurance (FNHI) data and self-reported questionnaires completed at regular intervals. Markov modelization comprised five health states: "subject in good health", "subject with localized LC", "subject with disseminated LC", "false-positive screening" and "died", and seven transitions between states (Figure  1 ). target the population for which LC screening would be the most relevant, particularly in medical-economic terms. This analysis was undertaken to modelize the cost-efficacy relationship for organized LC screening for subjects with occupational asbestos exposure.
The other characteristics collected were: age, sex and smoking status at cohort entry. The participants were followed for LC diagnosis and vital status until July 2019. Underlying and contributing causes of death, as stipulated on death certificates, were obtained. Respiratory-targeted care use was obtained from the French National Health Insurance (FNHI) data and self-reported questionnaires completed at regular intervals. Markov modelization comprised five health states: "subject in good health", "subject with localized LC", "subject with disseminated LC", "false-positive screening" and "died", and seven transitions between states (Figure  1 ). (8)  or without screening  (23). B: Probability of disseminated (stage III and IV) LCs with  (8)  or without screening  (23). C: Rate of false-positive computed-tomography scan findings  (9).
Finally, sensitivity analysis also addressed an intervention strategy based on a biennial LDTCT scan. The latter reproduced the strategy implemented in the Multicentric Italian Lung Detection (MILD) trial, applying a 2-year cycle in the model and taking into account the probability of being diagnosed with LC after negative screening (i. e. , the cancer interval)  [34, 35]. The impact of the number of between-screen LC diagnoses is reported in the sensitivity analysis. All analyses were computed with Microsoft®Excel®2016 MSO (Microsoft Corporation, Paris, France) software and R Studio (version 4. 1. 2, Boston, MA, USA) software for the graphic representation of the sensitivity analysis.
FPGA+ARM MPSOC-BASED DIGITAL PROCESSOR SYSTEM DESIGN We selected a Xilinx UltraScale+ MPSoC (model xczu3cg-1sfvc784e) development board from Alinx Inc. for processing the digital data coming from the ADC. (Boppana et al. 2015). First, the LVDS output from the AFE5818 ADC passes through FPGA Mezzanine Card Low Pin Count (FMC-LPC) interface to the high-performance I/O pins of the FPGA. The FPGA then performs deserialization and 16-bit word alignment to obtain ADC digitalized data. Finally, the ADC digitalized data are transmitted to the ARM core running a petalinux system through an Advanced eXtensible Interface 4 Direct Memory Access (AXI4-DMA) with a first-in first-out (FIFO) buffer. The petalinux system running on ARM core format the data and prepare them for post-processing. An image of the system (without heat-sinks, single channel equiped) is shown in Fig.
Since the ADC has a full range of ±1V , it is possible to detect more than 30 concurrent photoelectrons without saturation. From the figure, some noise can be seen on the SiPM pulse. This noise could possibly come from a ground loop from an external power supply, through the SiPM board to the readout system, as indicated in Fig. 6. To remove this noise, we implemented a Symlets 4 wavelet filter in Matlab  (Chavan et al. 2011; Shafiee et al. 2016)  as shown by the reddish line in Fig. 5. Limited by the single-pass AXI4-DMA transfer size of 512kB, we run the readout system for 16ns * 512 * 1024/2 = 4. 194ms (each sample takes 2 bytes, 16ns sampling time). This limit will be eliminated in the future by adding a FIFO buffer based on DDR4 memory. In total, 2184 dark counts were detected with a detection threshold of 15mV , indicating a darkcount rate of 520kcps, similar to the manufacturer specification of 600kcps.
SUMMARY AND FUTURE WORK A novel, low-cost SiPM readout system has been developed for the UFA project. The readout system incorporates analogue processing and digitization ICs, data collection through FPGA and communication to host computer through Ethernet linkage. The readout system provides SiPM signal logging with ±16ns photon arrival time logging accuracy, and photon counts are recovered in post-processing algorithm. The readout board (without FPGA) takes at most 50 + 60 + 50 + 140 = 300mW per channel with a per-channel cost of less than 20USD. The readout board is built with industrial standards (working temperature from -40 • C to 85 • C) for harsh weather at the observatory. We plan to build on our success in making a fast, low-cost per channel system by decreasing noise, increasing readout capabilities, and improving imaging.
These data suggested that OxPhos and/or the TCA cycle can influence metabolic signaling in B cells (Martinez-Reyes and Chandel, 2020). For instance, succinate, fumarate, and malate can inhibit prolyl hydroxylase domain (PHD)-containing enzymes that normally target the von Hippel-Lindau protein (vHL), which ubiquitinylates hypoxia-inducible factor 1a (HIF1a), leading to its degradation  (Harnoss et al. , 2015; Martinez-Reyes and Chandel, 2020). In line with the increased fumarate and malate there was a stabilization of HIF1a in DNT-B cells at day 3 of LPS stim-ulation under normoxic conditions  (Figures 7G and S7B). Taking these together, we propose that OxPhos in LPS-activated B cells controls metabolic signaling pathways, namely HIF1a and mTORC1.
PA increases OxPhos-dependent mTORC1 activity in LPS-activated B cells To confirm that mTORC1 is involved in plasma cell development in our system, we treated LPS cultures of WT B cells with 10 nM rapamycin over 3 days. Measuring pRPS6 via flow cytometry revealed the efficacy of rapamycin (Figures  S7D  and S7E ). By analogy to DNT-B cells, there were fewer plasma cells in rapamycintreated cultures (Figures  S7F  and S7G ), and BLIMP1 expression was reduced (Figure  S7H ). B cell cultures treated with rapamycin proliferated less (Figure  S7I ), and the total cell number was diminished by one-half after 3 days (Figure  S7J ), which was not due to increased apoptosis (Figure  S7K ; not significant, n. s. ). These data mirror the phenotype of DNT LPS cultures. Hence, mTORC1 activation downstream of OxPhos could be responsible for proliferation and differentiation effects observed with DNT-B cells.
PA was not able to rescue proliferation or plasma cell development (data not shown). We (E) Absolute abundance (nMol/mg protein) of phosphatidic acid (PA), phosphatidylglycerol (PG), phosphatidylinositol (PI), phosphatidylcholine (PCH), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), and phosphatidylserine (PS). Each symbol represents one mouse. One experiment of two (each with three to five mice) with identical results is shown; by two-way ANOVA. (F) Splenic B cells were stimulated with LPS for 0-72 h. Lysates were analyzed by western blot, with antibodies indicated on the right. Molecular-mass standards are shown on the left (kDa). Quantification of pRPS6 relative to RPS6 is shown on the right, mean ± SEM. All cutouts are from the same blot and exposure. (G) Splenic B cells were stimulated with LPS for 0, 24, or 72 h.
We have further established that maintenance of OxPhos in B cells via replication of mtDNA prevents HIF1a accumulation, drives the TCA cycle, maintains the amount of PA, and fosters mTORC1 activity, which is required for plasma cell development. Our data support the finding that development of FO B cells does not require optimal expression of mitochondrial complexes I, III, and IV proteins  (Milasta et al. , 2016)  but they stand in contrast to data showing that hypoxia increases IgG1 class switch and plasma cell differentiation  (Abbott et al. , 2016). The discrepancies may relate to the fact that we used a B cellintrinsic model. Unexpectedly, mtDNA was not increased in GC B cells. Since GC B cells are the most rapidly dividing cells in the mammalian body  (MacLennan, 1994) , we speculate nevertheless that B cell proliferation in GC is still accompanied by replication of mtDNA to maintain OxPhos.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This work was funded by the  Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft  (DFG; transregional collaborative research grant  TRR130  and  DFG  Research training grant  1660 , to  D. Mielenz ). O. R. B. and R. J. W. were supported by the  Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft  ( SFB 829/A14 ) and Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-associated Diseases -CECAD). We thank the  Metabolomics and Flow core facilities  of the  University Clinic Erlangen  as well as the  OICE (Optical Imaging Center Erlangen). We thank  Drs. Axel Kallies ,  Marco Herold , and  David Tarlinton  for critical reading. We thank  Christine Friedel  for the generation of liposomes.
All reagents will be made available on request after completion of a Materials Transfer Agreement. Any additional information required to reanalyze the data reported in this work paper is available from the Lead contact upon request. Data and code availability d Metabolomic and lipidomic data are available at the NIH Common Fund's National Metabolomics Data Repository website. (https://dx. doi. org/10. 21228/M8K70K) Flux measurement data are deposited at the EMBL-EBI MetaboLights database (https://www. ebi. ac. uk/metabolights/MTBLS4647) d This paper does not report original code. d.
Global analyses of nuclear PDFs (nPDFs) have been and are performed by the nCTEQ, DSSZ, EPPS, HKN, KSASG, nNNPDF and TUJU collaborations (cf. the papers cited in Ref. [1] ). Within the nCTEQ approach, the coefficients in the -dependence of the nPDFs, / ( , 0 ) = 0 1 (1 -) 2 3 (1 + 4 ) 5 , (1) → ,0 + ,1 (1 --,2 ) (2) depend directly on the nuclear mass number , and the nPDFs are evolved for each quark flavor and the gluon. Neutron PDFs are obtained from isospin symmetry. The nCTEQ15 fit was based on fixed target data from deep-inelastic scattering (DIS) and Drell-Yan (DY) experiments to constrain the quarks and antiquarks as well as RHIC neutral pion data to constrain the gluon. It was thus limited in its precision, in particular at low and for the strange quark. LHC data and a careful reanalysis of neutrino DIS and charm dimuon data now offer the possibility to considerably improve on this fit in both directions.
PoS(ICHEP2022)443 Global analyses of nuclear PDFs with heavy-quark and neutrino data M. Klasen  in nCTEQ15WZSIH and 1484 in nCTEQ15HQ. The gluon density is now determined down to = 10 -5 with an uncertainty that is almost an order of magnitude smaller than in nCTEQ15WZSIH. Interestingly, the rise in the strange quark density observed there is not confirmed in the new fit, although its uncertainty remains again large  [7].
Acknowledgments M. K. thanks the organizers of ICHEP 2022 for the invitation to this very nice conference and the  School of Physics at the University of New South Wales in Sydney, Australia  for its hospitality as well as for financial support through the  Gordon Godfrey visitors program. The work of P. D. , T. J. , M. K. , K. K. and K. F. M. was funded by the  Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG)  through projects  GRK 2149 ,  SFB 1225 , and  KL 1266/10-1. This research was also funded as a part of the  Center of Excellence in Quark Matter of the Academy of Finland  (project  346326 ). This manuscript has been authored by  Fermi Research Alliance, LLC  under Contract No. DEAC02-07CH11359  with the  U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of High Energy Physics. F. I. O. was supported by the  U.
PURPOSE We aimed to characterize long-term quality of life (QOL) trajectories among patients with breast cancer treated with adjuvant chemotherapy and to identify related patterns of health behaviors. METHODS Female stage I-III breast cancer patients receiving chemotherapy in CANTO (CANcer TOxicity; ClinicalTrials. gov identifier: NCT01993498) were included. Trajectories of QOL (European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire-C30 Summary Score) and associations with trajectory group membership were identified by iterative estimations of group-based trajectory models and multivariable multinomial logistic regression, respectively. RESULTS Four trajectory groups were identified (N 5 4,131): excellent (51. 7%), very good (31. 7%), deteriorating (10. 0%), and poor (6.
Data Source We used data from CANcer TOxicity (CANTO; Clinical-Trials. gov identifier: NCT01993498), a prospective cohort of women enrolled at the time of diagnosis of stage I-II-III BC, before any treatment. Participants are longitudinally assessed at diagnosis (baseline) and during follow-up visits at year-1, -2, and -4 postdiagnosis. Surgery, chemotherapy, and/or radiation therapy are completed 3-6 months before the year-1 visit. Patients experiencing BC recurrence (other than local), second primary cancers, or death provide data until the time of event, and then exit the study (Data Supplement, online only). 36.
After latent-group identification, we described participant characteristics in each group. Mean scores for all scales included in the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer QOL Questionnaire C-30 were summarized by trajectory group, to (1) complement the information provided by the C30 Summary Score, and (2) provide additional granular details on the dynamics of its distinct components. Trajectory group membership. A weighted multivariable multinomial logistic regression model was subsequently fit to estimate associations between baseline covariates and trajectory group membership. The best pattern of the C30 Summary Score was chosen as reference, in order to focus on factors associated with clustering into groups with worse patterns. To manage missing covariate data, 30 completedata replicates were obtained using Multivariate Imputation by Chained Equations.
49 The imputation model included all covariates that were part of the analytic model, as well as the outcome and predefined auxiliary variables. The multinomial logistic regression analysis was then applied to each individual imputed data set, and results were combined using Rubin's rules to produce estimates and CIs that incorporate uncertainty of imputed values. 50 alth behaviors and trajectory groups. Longitudinal measures of BMI, body weight, PA, tobacco, and alcohol behavior were then tabulated and described by trajectory group. Sensitivity analyses. An extension of GBTM was used to address potential nonrandom participant dropout (eg, truncation because of BC recurrence, second cancer, or death events) that may vary across groups (Data Supplement, Abbreviations: BC, breast cancer; BMI, body mass index; HER2, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2; MET, metabolic equivalent of task; PA, physical activity; Q1, quartile 1; Q3, quartile 3; SD, standard deviation.
81, 82 In the context of recently consolidated strategies of endocrine therapy escalation,  [83] [84] [85]  particular attention should be given to specific subgroups, such as younger women, who seem to be at higher risk of QOL deterioration and persistent symptoms. 86 e strengths of this study include its prospective, longitudinal design, and a large and heterogeneous sample. We analyzed a single, higher-order QOL outcome measure that summarizes multiple scales into a multidimensional response profile, thus avoiding multiple comparisons. 35, 38 8] [89]  A major novelty is the use of GBTM, which avoided summarizing QOL data by fitting a simplistic population mean, and allowing to unmask clinically relevant latent groups. Among common limitations of longitudinal studies such as CANTO is response attrition particularly at later time points, and the results may be driven by midterm changes.
But it contains no primary data on the relationship between the San Angelo and the Glorieta. The statement (p. 693), "The Glorieta sand at the base apparently passes into the San Angelo sandstone of central Texas" refers to Page and Adams (1940, see above), and, thus, is unsupported by data. Shortly after P. B. King (1942) , his brother R. E. King (1945)  published data in the form of cross sections based upon well cuttings and concluded that the Glorieta either pinched-out into the lower San Andres or interfingered with the underlying Yeso Formation in southeastern-most New Mexico. Thus, R. E. King (1945)  did not endorse a Glorieta-San Angelo correlation. Mear (1963)  presented a chart that shows the San Angelo and Glorieta as equals at the base of the Guadalupian. No data or explanation accompany the chart.
Although no paleomagnetic data constrain the lower part of this interval, one of the main Blaine County exposures, Cat Canyon (Figure  4 , C), which was studied by  Foster et al. (2014) , is less than 5 km away from some of the Chickasha vertebrate sites, which are intercalated with the middle part of the Flowerpot Shale Formation. Whereas we provisionally accept a mid-Wordian age of the Illawarra reversal, we agree with  Schneider et al. (2020)  that it could range from about mid-Roadian to early Capitanian (see also  Lanci et al. , 2013; Canile et al. , 2016; Rocha-Campos et al. , 2019; Wu et al. , 2020; Aragão and Scardia, 2021). Denison et al. (1998)  performed chemostratigraphy on the Blaine Formation on the basis of strontium isotopic data of gypsum. Their results are problematic, however, because the isotopic ratios obtained from various levels of the Blaine Formation in Blaine County, Oklahoma, are highly variable and inconsistent both between and within various gypsum beds.
Clifton (1942 Clifton ( , 1944 Clifton ( , 1945 Clifton ( , 1946 ) studied these marine assemblages and investigated coeval deposits in Oklahoma, West Texas, and New Mexico. Although Clifton's descriptions are brief and based generally upon fragmentary remains, he consulted with W. M. Furnish, who was a leading ammonoid specialist of the time. Thus, Clifton's contributions should not be discounted. As in the case of fusulinid data from the basin,  DiMichele et al. (2001: 450)  used precedent ammonoid data, mainly Clifton's, from the Eastern Shelf to bracket the age of the San Angelo plant assemblage and suggested that the overlying Blaine Formation "is largely Guadalupian in age, but may include the latest Leonardian at its base". Because the past 20 years have seen considerable research on Permian ammonoids (e.
In the same paper, he also identified embolomeres as the first representatives of an opposite tendency in another taxon which culminated with amniotes, in which the pleurocentrum expanded as the intercentrum dwindled. A more recent hypothesis is that extant amphibians originated among "lepospondyls", a taxon that is probably paraphyletic because it includes extant amphibians  (Laurin, 1998) , or that may even be polyphyletic (e. g. ,  Clack et al. 2019). Even though this hypothesis has not been endorsed by many paleontologists, we follow it here because it has been supported by reanalyses of the largest relevant dataset of morphological  (Marjanović and Laurin, 2019)  and developmental  (Laurin et al. , 2019)  data, as well as by a tip-dating analysis  (Pyron, 2011). Amniote phylogeny likewise is controversial.
Olroyd and Sidor's (2017: 591)  statement that "The utility of the three postcranial characters is difficult to evaluate because of a lack of parareptile, and especially nycteroleterid, postcranial research" is baseless because the postcranium of Emeroleter levis was described in detail by  Tsuji et al. (2012). Indeed,  Tsuji et al. (2012)   The presence of Macroleter in the Chickasha suggests a Guadalupian age because in Russia it is known only from the late Kazanian Mezen assemblage and the Ocher "subassemblage"  (Ivakhnenko, 2003 ; confirmed by a search in the Paleobiology Database on  Sept. 22, 2021) , and this translates into late Roadian and Wordian  (Sennikov and Golubev, 2017; Davydov et al. , 2018; Fig. 6 ). The caseids Angelosaurus romeri  Olson and Barghusen, 1962 and Cotylorhynchus bransoni Olson and Barghusen, 1962  are present in the Chickasha Formation.