dataesr/scientific-paragraphs-categorization huggingface dataset:
g. , spontaneous Lamiaceae or medicinal plants in Romania  (Ion & Ion, 2007; Băşa et al. , 2008). More recently,  Baude et al. , (2016)  assessed the nectar production at a countrywide scale by looking at a large range of species and combining several methods of empirical measurements and calculated estimates. Many data on the melliferous potential are available in the scientific literature, but few of them deal with a wide range of plants and allow comparison of species under similar environmental conditions. Yet the development of a large database on the melliferous potential recorded over a long time period under natural conditions and over a large range of plant species in the same region still remains a necessary and fundamental basis for the solid assessment of the potential honey production and beekeeping potential of a given area.
MATERIAL AND METHODS Acquisition and preparation of the data set This review is based upon a survey of many studies conducted in Romania over the last sixty years on the melliferous potential of herbaceous species from various habitats. We surveyed data reported within about 1000 publications at the library of the Beekeeping Research and Development Institute in Bucharest (ICDA Bucharest), mainly from former and current scientists from this institute. Excluding the reports without methodological information, we exclusively collected data which were obtained with a common method, i. e. , the capillary method. Even though some factors of variation can exist between different measurement sessions (due to, for example, season, stage of flower development, sampling hour, and blooming phenology), we considered these data as suitable for our work, and data accumulated over several generations on various species could be viewed together as a long-term study.
In addition, for each species reported, we noted botanical, biological and ecological features (family, biological type and life cycle, preferred habitat, type of inflorescence, flower colour and blooming month) which might be associated with their melliferous potential. To this end, we used the data freely available on the Tela Botanica database (www. tela-botanica. org) and the Apibotanica database (http://apibotanica. inra. fr). Since original data was generally not accessible, we examined the data from each reference in order to exclude data with a significant author bias (see below). Finally, we kept the data from thirty-eight papers written by nineteen authors and reporting results from 1949 to 2012 on 153 plant species belonging to 28 botanical families. (Fig. 1 ) (See references in Annex 1).
Preliminary analysis upon the 417 available values led to the Melliferous potential of weedy plants conclusion that there has not been a significant time trend over this long period (lm, p>0. 05; Fig. 1 ). It is noteworthy that 52% of the data set were provided by I. Cîrnu, the previous head of the Melliferous Flora Laboratory, who has done a remarkable synthesis of the laboratory works, and the first author of this paper who added and confirmed many former values (217 out of 417 values). The calculation of the melliferous potential for each botanical species was based on three parameters monitored at the same sampling site: 1) the average sugar mass produced by individual flowers during anthesis; 2) the duration of anthesis, that is the period during which the flowers remained open and foraged (expressed in days); and 3) the flower density, that is the number of open flowers per unit area of land cover (see below).
High melliferous potential was clearly detected for some botanical species, but the major results are shown for the ruderals and perennials which confirm their best sugar producer position. The colourful corolla flowers stand out as later and higher producers. Many of the top melliferous species are common and good candidates to be cropped in agricultural fields as associated crop, intercrop or fallow. A long-term survey on all these melliferous data was an opportunity allowed by a very large homogeneous dataset that had rarely ben synthetized to our knowledge. This work thus provides or reinforces knowledge on the melliferous potential of many plant species. It is hoped that our results provide some solutions for agronomic innovation, crop diversification, and honey production.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We would like to thank all authors who had carried out these surveys from which the results were not spread. We thank  Grigore Fota  and  Razvan Coman  from  ICDA Bucharest  for their technical support. Many thanks to  ICDA Bucharest  and  ACA Romania , for supporting continuously the investigations on nectar secretion over such a long period as well as the  INRA Département Santé des Plantes et Environnement  and the  French Embassy in Romania , especially to G. Datcharry and  P. Schwartz  for financial support for exchanges.
ENOS project 'ENabling Onshore CO 2 Storage in Europe' ENOS started in September 2016 and will last for 4 years with 12. 5 M€ of financial support from the European Commission under the Horizon 2020 research and innovation framework programme (H2020)  [5]. ENOS is a pan-European project with partners from 17 countries, under the coordination of BRGM (France). The project tackles the specificities and challenges for deep geological storage onshore, which is important as Europe cannot rely solely on North Sea offshore storage in order to reach its commitment of an overall reduction of GHG emissions of at least 80% by 2050. The objective of ENOS is to enable the development of CO 2 storage onshore in Europe by:  Developing, testing and demonstrating key technologies specifically adapted to onshore contexts in the field at pilot and field laboratory sites.
 Leakage simulation alliance: Many research organizations have set up (or are planning to) sites that simulate migration in the shallow subsurface/leakage in order to better understand the shallow migration and test new sensors to identify and quantify CO 2. All sites have different geological and surface conditions and all will provide valuable data and research outputs in order to mitigate the risk of unwanted CO 2 migration. Therefore ENOS is setting up a network of these sites with the purpose of sharing experimental set-up and practical information, as well as scientific results. The participating ENOS sites are the GeoEnergy Test Bed (UK) and the Sulcis fault lab (Italy) whilst the external sites include the Carbon Management Canada (CMC) Field Research Station in Alberta (Canada), the K-COSEM and KIGAM sites (South Korea), the shallow injection project at the Otway site (Australia), and the CO 2 MOVE site (Brazil).
ECOBASE project 'Establishing CO 2 enhanced Oil recovery Business Advantages in South Eastern Europe' ECOBASE started in 2017 and will run until 2020 with 1. 2 M€ of financial support from the H2020 specific ERA-NET Cofund ACT programme (Accelerating CCS Technologies). ECOBASE also benefits from a significant amount of national funding. The partnership involves five countries (Norway, Netherlands, Greece, Romania, Turkey) and is coordinated by IRIS (Norway). The project will develop detailed and integrated roadmaps for CCUS, including CO 2 EOR-Storage, in South-East Europe. ECOBASE will focus on mapping regional potential, business cases for site development, knowledge transfer and researching aspects of public awareness. Key technical milestones are: inventory and mapping of sources and sinks in South-East Europe and the establishment of regional source-sink clusters and CCUS roadmaps; optimised EOR-Store methodology for the most promising cases from inventory to revenue streams; preparation for pilot projects and generalized lessons learned.
Acknowledgements The funding of the  European Commission  under the Sixth and  Seventh Framework Research Programmes  is gratefully acknowledged. The  ENOS  project has received funding from the  European Union 's  Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme  under grant agreement No  653718. The authors are very grateful to the 29 CO 2 GeoNet Members for their valuable contributions to the work of the CO 2 GeoNet Association: GBA (Austria);  RBINS-GSB (Belgium) ;  UNIZG-RGNF (Croatia) ;  CGS (Czech Republic) ;  GEUS (Denmark) ;  TTUGI (Estonia) ;  BRGM  and  IFPEN (France) ;  BGR  and  GFZ (Germany) ;  CERTH (Greece) ;  MFGI (Hungary) ; OGS and  Sapienza University of Rome (Italy) ;  TNO (Netherlands) ;  IRIS ,  NIVA  and  SPR SINTEF (Norway) ;  PGI-NRI (Poland) ;  GEOECOMAR (Romania) ;  GEO-INZ (Slovenia) ;  CIUDEN  and  IGME (Spain) ;  Uppsala University (Sweden) ;  ETH Zurich (Switzerland) ;  METU-PAL (Turkey) ;  BGS, HWU  and  IMPERIAL (United Kingdom ).
Transient transfection with siCtl (50nM) did not alter Lim1 expression. Similar results were obtained with the two other sets of siRNAs (data not shown). These results indicated specificity and efficiency of Lim1 silencing. Cell motility was assessed by wound healing assay. The transient transfection with siLhx1 decreased ACHN cell motility by around 60% at 12h or 24h post-transfection (Figure  1a ). Similar results were obtained in Caki2 (50%) cells (Figure  1b ) and A498 (40%) cells (Figure  1c ). Cell migration and invasion were analyzed using transwell assays and inhibited at 24h or 48h post-transfection with siLhx1 respectively by 50% and 40% in ACHN cells (Figure  2a, d ), by 50% and 60% in Caki2 cells (Figure  2b ,e) and by 50% and 60% in A498 cells (Figure  2c, f ). Similar results were obtained with the two other sets of siRNAs (data not shown).
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This study was sponsored by  INSERM (recipient TM) , the  University of Strasbourg  (recipient TM) and the  Ligue Contre le Cancer  (recipient TM). The authors thank  Martine MUCKENSTURM ,  Fabienne REYMANN  and  Angélique WERCK , from the  Department of Pathology, University Hospital, Strasbourg , for their technical assistance in immunohistochemistry.
To address the clinical efficacy of such a molecule, the effects of oral resveratrol are currently being assessed in a phase 3 double blind placebo-controlled and randomized clinical trial (NCT02905799-Arthrol) in OA patients. Also in line with the concept that cartilage intrinsic CR may be a pragmatic entry point for the development of integrative therapeutics in OA, is the intriguing connection between circadian genes and autophagy. As extensively described above, autophagy is a key process in the onset of OA and is thus considered a promising therapeutic target. Of interest, BMAL1 has recently been shown to positively regulate autophagy through mTOR in cardiomyocytes  (Qiao et al. , 2017). While it remains to be determined whether such a relationship also operates in cartilage, it raises the possibility that restoring the cartilage CR may contribute to increase autophagy processes which in turn contribute to limit cell stress, inflammation and catabolism.
REVIEW CRITERIA Data for this review were collected by searching in PubMed database for articles published from 1965 to 2018 using the following keywords "osteoarthritis, " "inflammation, " "aging, " "senescence, " "SASP, " "chondrocyte, " "homeostasis, " "autophagy, " "therapeutics, " "metabolism, " "circadian clock" alone or in combination. English-language original publications and Review articles were selected on the basis of their relevance for the inclusion in the bibliography.
Acknowledgments This work was supported by the  CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Pública (Spain)  and the  Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias  [Grant no. FIS 07/0285 ]. The authors would like to thank the group of medical experts from the  Hospital del Mar in Barcelona (Spain)  for their contributions, comments, and recommendations in this study:  Pilar Ariño ,  Isabel Campodarve ,  Ana Guelar ,  Francisca Sánchez ,  Pilar Torre ,  Adolfo Díez ,  Josep M. Garcés ,  Luis Grande ,  Juan Pablo Horcajada ,  Andreu Lladó ,  Xavier Nogués , and  Oriol Vall. Particular thanks are due to  Oriol Vall ,  Andreu Lladó ,  Esther Guimerà , and the administrative assistants in the Internal  Medicine Department  for providing the needed access to medical professionals; to  Deborah Rose  and  Arialdi Minino  of the  CDC , for their clarifications regarding US mortality data; and to  José Miguel Martínez ,  Javier Campos ,  Alejandra Vives ,  Lídia Casas , and  Verónica Moldón  for their valuable advice in dealing with the study of amenable causes of death in the classification process; and to  Dave MacFarlane ,  Luke Stobart , and the  Paper Mill  for the critical reading and language review.
Acknowledgements We thank  James Drummond  and  Eric Perlmutter  for discussion. The work of AB is supported in part by the  National Science Foundation of Belgium (FWO)  grant  G. 001. 12 Odysseus, the  European Research Council  grant  ERC-2013-CoG 616732 HoloQosmos , the  COST Action MP1210  " The String Theory Universe " and the  CEA Enhanced Eurotalents Fellowship. PM is supported by the  STFC  through an  Ernest Rutherford Fellowship , and the Consolidated Grant, "M-theory,  Cosmology and Quantum Field Theory ",  ST/L00044X/1. KS is supported in part by the  STFC  Consolidated Grant "New Frontiers in Particle Physics and Cosmology",  ST/P000711/1. This project has received funding from the  European Union 's  Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme  under the  Marie Sk lodowska-Curie  grant agreement No  690575.
The occurrence of km-scale exhumations during syn-and post-rift stages has been documented along Atlantic continental margins, which are also characterised by basins undergoing substantial subsidence. The relationship between the exhuming and subsiding domains is poorly understood. In this study, we reconstruct the evolution of a 50 km long transect across the Moroccan rifted margin from the western Anti-Atlas to the Atlantic basin offshore the city of Sidi Ifni. Low-temperature thermochronology data from the Sidi Ifni area document a ca. 8 km exhumation between the Permian and the Early/Middle Jurassic. The related erosion fed sediments to the subsiding Mesozoic basin to the NW. Basement rocks along the transect were subsequently buried by 1 to 2 km between the Late Jurassic and the Early Cretaceous.
A) Simplified structural map of Morocco (after  Hollard et al. 1985). B) Simplified geological map of the Anti-Atlas (after  Hollard et al. , 1985; Soulaimani et al. , 2014)   In this study, we construct a 50 km long transect across the Moroccan rifted margin (fig. 1A) from the western Anti-Atlas to the offshore passive margin basin (fig. 1B ), that we call the Sidi Ifni transect. The coexistence of Mesozoic sediments and regional unconformities in the study area makes it a key transition between the generally subsiding offshore and exhuming Anti-Atlas (e. g. Gouiza et al. , 2017). Expanding the presently available lowtemperature geochronology data base and using new and robust stratigraphic ages of the Mesozoic sediments, we present a reconstruction of syn-and post-rift vertical movements along the Sidi Ifni transect.
Acknowledgments The authors, all NARG members ( North Africa Research Group ), thank the  ONHYM (Office National des Hydrocarbures et des Mines)  for field work support and access to internal reports. We are thankful to  B. Louis ,  I. Coutand , and  R. Kislitsyn  of  Dalhousie University (Halifax, Canada ) for the produced radiometric ages. M. Gouiza  ( Leeds, UK ) is thanked for providing extra material used in this work. M. Simmons  ( NHM, London ),  B. Granier  ( Brest, France ),  R. Gatto  and  S. Monari  ( Padua, Italy ) are thanked for their work on the palaeontology data presented in the appendix. We thank  M. Gouiza  and an anonymous reviewer for their constructive comments that significantly helped to improve the present work.
Finally, weather forecasts of convective rainfall show particularly poor skill in the West African region (e. g. ,  Fink et al. 2011). So far, very few field experiments have been conducted in sub-Saharan Africa, the largest of which were the Global Atmospheric Research Program (GARP) Atlantic Tropical Experiment (GATE;  Kuettner 1974 ) and the African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analysis (AMMA;  Redelsperger et al. 2006 , Lebel et al. 2010). The preparation and execution of such international field campaigns has proved to be extremely challenging. Yet, thanks to their rich and widely accessible databases, GATE and AMMA have advanced our understanding of the West African climate systems. In this article, the measurements made during the most recent large international field campaign in Africa, Dynamics-Aerosol-Chemistry-Cloud Interactions in West Africa (DACCIWA; www.
2015b). A review of the meteorological and chemical measurements made during the field campaign (see Fig. 1  for the timeline of the DACCIWA experiment) and some preliminary results are presented in this paper with the aim to make researchers aware of a new rich experimental dataset for SWA. We expect that DACCIWA data will widely be used by researchers around the world in the next two decades. The meteorological and chemical conditions during the campaign are presented in  Knippertz et al. (2017). As part of this campaign, three research aircraft based in Togo flew targeted coordinated missions over SWA (Fig. 2 ). The "Aircraft campaign" section presents the aircraft capabilities and the flight objectives. In addition to the flights, DACCIWA scientists set up three highly instrumented measuring sites inland in Ghana, Benin, and Nigeria.
The instruments deployed on the ground and the experimental strategies are detailed in "Ground-based campaign. " A coordinated effort to launch weather balloons several times a day across the region was also conducted. The network of operational stations and stations specifically set up at DACCIWA sites are described in "Radiosonde campaign. " Urban emissions were measured in Abidjan, Ivory Coast, and Cotonou, Benin, and health data were evaluated in Abidjan, which are reported in "Urban campaign. " The field campaign was supported by a satellite component that is described in "Satellite. " Finally, selected campaign highlights are presented in an integrative framework in "Campaign highlights" and conclusions are given in "Conclusions and outlook. " AIRCRAFT CAMPAIGN. The main objective for the aircraft detachment was to build robust statistics of cloud properties in SWA in different chemical landscapes: from the background state over the Gulf of Guinea (marine aerosols or mix between marine aerosols and BB aerosols from the Southern Hemisphere) to ship/flaring emissions to the coastal strip of polluted multimillion-inhabitant cities to the agricultural areas and forest areas farther north, and eventually dust from the Sahel and/or Sahara.
1 ). The entire aircraft detachment fell into the so-called postonset period (see  Knippertz et al. 2017) , with a well-established monsoon and thus relatively dry conditions along the Gulf of Guinea coast with frequent formation of low clouds. The three research aircraft were deployed from the Lomé Military Airport (Togo) and conducted a total of over 155 science flight hours (Table  1 ), including hours sponsored through three European Facility for Airborne Research (EUFAR) projects (see Table  1 ). The aircraft were used in different ways based on their strengths, but all three had comparable instrumentation with the capability to measure general meteorology, gas-phase chemistry, aerosols, and clouds, thereby generating a rich dataset of atmospheric conditions across the region (see Tables ES2-ES4 for detailed payloads for each aircraft).
Cloud characteristics, such as cloud base, top, and cover, as well as the spatial and temporal evolution of precipitation and cloud drop size distribution, were monitored by a set of in situ and remote sensing devices (distrometers, rain gauges, cloud radar, rain radar, infrared radiometer, cloud camera). Chemistry and aerosol measurements complete this dataset. Finally, two remotely piloted aircraft systems (RPASs), Aladina and Ovli, were operated in Savè during the aircraft campaign by Innovationsgesellschaft Technische Universität Braunschweig. All measured parameters are listed in Table  ES10. The applied measurement strategy (e. g. , scan patterns and radiosounding frequency) was optimized to capture various atmospheric processes expected from high-resolution simulations performed in preparation of the campaign.
RADIOSONDE CAMPAIGN. Operational upper-air stations are very sparsely distributed over West Africa, resulting in a need to enhance upper-air observations during the DACCIWA experimental period. Building on the experience during AMMA (cf. Parker et al. 2008) , existing infrastructure, and personal connections, the upper-air network was successfully augmented during June and July 2016 to a spatial density unprecedented for SWA. From its outset, the DACCIWA radiosonde campaign had three pillars: i) enhancing soundings at operational or quiescent AMMA radiosonde stations, ii) launching sondes at DACCIWA supersites and two additional DACCIWA field sites, and iii) collecting standard and-if possible-high-resolution data from other operational radiosounding stations. During the precampaign investigation of the status of operational stations, three surprises were encountered.
First, the Vaisälä ground station furnished in 2006 by AMMA to the Nigerian Meteorological Agency (NIMET) station of Abuja (see Table  2  for WMO number) was in operational use; Abuja regularly conducted 1200 UTC soundings, but hardly any of them were received on the Global Telecommunication System (GTS) because of transmission problems. Second, Cotonou resumed 1200 UTC soundings in September 2012 using the MODEM ground station provided by AMMA. However, while being on the GTS, the use of TEMPS from Cotonou in databases and weather prediction appeared to be impeded by missing meta information. Third, NIMET operated four additional radiosonde stations at Lagos, Kano, Enugu, and Calabar (see Fig. ES4  for station locations), from which only Kano TEMPs sporadically appeared on the GTS before the campaign.
2 ). The urban campaign took place on 4-10 July (Abidjan) and 10-13 July 2016 (Cotonou). The instrumented four sites are as follows: datasets and epidemiological surveys. The details of the measurements strategy are given in Table  ES11. The specific aims of the short-term July 2016 urban campaign are as follows: 1) To calculate in situ dose-inflammatory response ratios for each studied sources on the four sites. Doses in the respiratory tracts are obtained from atmospheric concentrations using a model. Air pollution experiments include three impactors running in parallel three times in each campaign in the same conditions, in order to determine aerosol chemical composition and their pro-oxidant capacity by size, as well as in vitro inflammatory biomarkers to derive inflammatory response. As an example for July 2016, Fig.
12b ). The comprehensive dataset will be used for analysis of statistics for the whole period as well as investigating individual cases with and without LLCs to identify processes relevant to the diurnal cycle of LLCs and to study the impact of LLC on the CBL conditions. BB aerosol plume on 13 July 2016. The postonset period was most favorable to the observation of BB aerosol plumes from the Southern Hemisphere over the DAC-CIWA region  (Knippertz et al. 2017 ). On 13 July 2016, an anticyclonic vortex traveling over the Gulf of Guinea led to the transport of a massive BB plume originating from central Africa. The Falcon 20 and ATR 42 conducted flights in the morning (0918-1242 UTC) and afternoon (1225-1551 UTC), respectively, which enabled sampling the aged BB plume at different times and in different locations (Fig.