dataesr/scientific-paragraphs-categorization huggingface dataset:
11, 12 In these studies, ESL significantly reduced standardized seizure frequency (per 4 weeks) during a maintenance period of 12 weeks, and increased the rate of response (defined as the proportion of patients with ≥50% reduction in seizure frequency) compared with placebo. This article reports primary efficacy and safety data from an additional double-blind placebo-controlled trial (the trial is registered at ClinicalTrials. gov, number NCT00988429) that was undertaken to evaluate further the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of ESL as adjunctive therapy in patients aged ≥16 with refractory partial-onset (focal) seizures receiving one or two AEDs. The impact of an alternative seizure diary format on evaluation of ESL efficacy was also assessed. Previous trials of ESL made use of event-entry (EE) diaries (in which patients provide entries only when seizures occur); however, when using EE diaries, it is not possible to determine whether days with no entry reflect a true absence of seizures, or failure of the patient to make a diary entry.
The current trial is generally consistent with previous trials  11, 12  in which once-daily ESL (800 and/or 1,200 mg) was efficacious and well-tolerated in patients with refractory partialonset seizures. In the current trial, the ESL 800 mg dose did not reach statistical significance. It is not clear why this occurred, however, the trends toward improvements were consistent with results in previous studies. Too few patients (n = 36) in the entire ESL development program were taking three concomitant AEDs to assess efficacy as a function of number of AEDs. One important methodologic difference between this trial and previous studies was the use of DE diaries to ensure that seizure data were recorded on every day of the trial, regardless of whether seizures had occurred. Reliability of seizure recording is a key issue in epilepsy trials,  28  but to date no formal comparisons of seizure diaries of different designs are available.
Disclosure of Conflict of Interest Michael Sperling has received consultancy honoraria from  UCB Pharma, ElectroCore , and  Accorda Therapeutics  and honoraria from  Wiley Blackwell  for serving as an associate editor for  Epilepsia , and has received grants from  National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) ,  UCB Pharma ,  Sunovion Pharmaceuticals Inc. ,  Eisai ,  SK Life Science, Upsher-Smith, Medtronics, Lundbeck, Visualase , and  Brain Sentinel. Bassel Abou-Khalil  has received research grants paid to  Vanderbilt University Medical Center  from  Sunovion Pharmaceuticals Inc. ,  UCB Pharma ,  Pfizer ,  GlaxoSmithKline ,  Upsher-Smith , and  SK Life Science. Jay Harvey  has received financial support for research from  Sunovion Pharmaceuticals Inc. ,  UCB Pharma, Upsher-Smith, Marinus, SK Life Science, Cyberonics ,  Brain Sentinel , and  Eisai , and speaker fees from  Sunovion Pharmaceuticals Inc.
In the "World Spodoptera Database (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)"  (Pogue 2012) , the largest Spodoptera database, 106 host plants are presently indicated for S. eridania, mostly with records from North and Central America. A large number of records are from crop pest survey studies (e. g. ,  Crumb 1929)  together with 56 host plants of 31 families from a population outbreak after Hurricane Hugo in 1989  (Torres 1992) , mostly native to Puerto Rico. Furthermore, studies by Soo  Hoo and Fraenkel (1966a,b)  reveal that this species tolerates, and grows well on, several species on which their larvae were not collected in nature. The large number of references of this species indicates the importance of this insect to different crops such as alfalfa, bean, beet, cabbage, cassava, collard, cotton, onion, peanuts, quinoa, soybean, tobacco, tomato, sweet potato, sunflower, and truck crops, in various locations throughout American continent (e.
A C K N O W L E D G E M E N T S We thank  Andreas Fichtner  and  Roland Martin  for their remarks and suggestions. This work has been supported by the  French Agence Nationale de la Recherche  under the grant  ANR-2011-BS56-017  and partially funded by sponsors of the  SEISCOPE II consortium  (http://seiscope2. osug. fr)and from the  European Community 's  Seventh Framework Programme  [FP7/2007-2013] under the grant agreement  PEOPLE-2011-IRSES 295217.
Screening and baseline evaluation Following confirmation of inclusion/exclusion criteria and patient consent, pre-implant screening is performed to confirm the eligibility criteria, including left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) ≤35% and LVEDD >5. 5 cm. All eligible patients are scheduled for implantation of the Boston Scientific VNS system. At 14 ± 5 days after implant patients return for the collection of baseline data (Figure  3 ).
Efficacy endpoint Preclinical evidence indicated that a 10% reduction in leftventricular end systolic diameter (LVESD) is achievable with vagal stimulation. 7 Thus, we used a change of 6 mm in LVESD from baseline to 6 months for statistical calculations. With a 2:1 randomization, a power of 80% at minimum, and accounting for patient and data attrition of up to 40%, the required number of patients to receive the Boston Scientific VNS system has been estimated to be 96 patients. To assess the primary efficacy endpoint of LVESD, analysis will be carried out on a modified intention-to-treat basis as specified in the NECTAR-HF protocol. Only patients with a complete baseline and 6 month echo data. sets will be analysed. However, a strict intention-to-treat analysis will also be performed, including all patients, regardless of whether they have a complete echo data set or not.
Cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) Briefly, the testing protocol consists of an initial rest period (minimum of 3 min) and staged exercise. The workload begins at 25 W and increases 10 W every minute. A peak respiratory exchange ratio of 1. 1 is strongly encouraged. A minimum 5 min recovery period follows termination of exercise. The CPET may be conducted on either a treadmill or cycle ergometer but the exercise modality selected for an individual patient must be the same at all CPET examinations. Respiratory gases are analysed using a calibrated metabolic cart capable of recording breathby-breath data (mixing chamber method is also acceptable.
Oversight committees A steering committee will oversee the detail conduct of the trial from conception to termination, interpretation of the results, and final publication of the results. A DSMC has been appointed to direct data analyses needed for assessing treatment effects during the trial. Interim reports will be reviewed for evidence of adverse events/effects and, accordingly, will advise the steering committee and the sponsor on any possible changes required in the treatment protocol. A clinical event committee (CEC) has been formed to review and adjudicate reports prepared by the data coordinating group to detect any possible safety issue and/or related deficiencies in data collection if required. The committee is responsible to review the data from four different types of events, including deaths, system failure, system infections, and ICD interaction.
oxygen consumption, peak respiratory exchange ratio, exercise duration, and work performed. Submaximal functional capacity will be assessed by ventilatory anaerobic threshold (VT). Before an investigational site being authorized to enrol patients in the NECTAR-HF study, a CPET certification needs to be completed, assessing the site's CPET testing capabilities, such as equipment function and calibration, proper demonstration of a valid maximal exercise test, and data formatting for electronic submission into the database. In order to maintain data quality standards, all sites will be required to recertify if a 6 month period lapses without a CPET of a study patient. ). A CPET core laboratory will analyse the CPET data, including peak.
As part of a research protocol (European Clinical Trials Database number: 2009-016968-37), we measured serum anticetuximab IgE, which was strongly increased (480 AU). As allowed under the protocol, and after multidisciplinary consultation, the referring physician decided to administer cetuximab under close monitoring in the presence of an intensivist and with resuscitation equipment on standby. The patient was pretreated with methylprednisolone (120 mg IV) and dexchlorpheniramine (10 mg IV). Cetuximab was infused at half the usual speed (100 mg/hour). Despite these precautions, after receiving approximately 13 mg of the drug, the patient developed dyspnea, loss of consciousness, and respiratory arrest. Cetuximab was immediately stopped and the patient was supported with epinephrine (1 mg IV), fluid resuscitation, and transient ventilatory support.
Conclusions In this work we have compared the results of our full NLL BFKL calculation of azimuthal correlations of Mueller-Navelet jets to the first analysis performed at the LHC by the CMS collaboration. The comparison shows that for cos ϕ and cos 2ϕ a BFKL calculation using the LO jet vertices with the LL or NLL Green's function predicts a too large decorrelation and cannot describe the data. On the other hand, our results using the NLO jet vertices predict a too large correlation when compared to data, but the uncertainty associated with the choice of the scales is still quite large. We saw that the ratio of these observables is in good agreement with the data and more stable with respect to the scales. Recently, we have shown  [28]  that using the Brodsky-Lepage- Mackenzie  [29]  procedure to fix the renormalization scale leads to a very good agreement of our calculation with experimental data for all the observables measured by the CMS collaboration.
Acknowledgments We thank  Michel Fontannaz ,  Cyrille Marquet  and  Christophe Royon  for providing their codes and for stimulating discussions. We warmly thank  Grzegorz Brona ,  David d'Enterria ,  Hannes Jung ,  Victor Kim  and  Maciej Misiura  for many discussions and fruitful suggestions on the experimental aspects of this study. This work is supported by the  French Grant PEPS-PTI , the Polish Grant NCN No. DEC-2011/01/B/ST2/03915  and the  Joint Research Activity Study of Strongly Interacting Matter  ( Hadron-Physics3 , Grant Agreement n. 283286) under the 7th Framework Programm of the  European Community.
Detection noises are now taken into account and the resulting bias is subtracted in the reconstruction process. Error bars on the profile are now computed along with the estimated profile. The latest performance of CO-SLIDAR is first described in a simulated case. CO-SLIDAR is then tested on-sky, on the 1. 5 m MeO telescope. Images on a binary star are acquired to extract slope and scintillation data. Their correlations are computed so as to estimate C 2 n profiles. The CO-SLIDAR profiles are estimated with their error bars. Results are compared to those obtained from correlations of slopes only or of scintillation only. Then, the CO-SLIDAR profiles are compared to profiles estimated from meteorological data, from NCEP (National Centers for Environmental Prediction)/NCAR (National Centers for Atmospheric Research) Reanalysis data base  [14].
Acknowledgments This work has been performed in the framework of a Ph. D. Thesis supported by  Onera , the  French Aerospace Lab , and the  French Direction Générale de l'Armement (DGA). The authors are very grateful to the team operating at MeO station, for the use of the 1. 5 m telescope and their help and support throughout the whole campaign. The authors also want to thank  B. Fleury  and  F. Mendez  for help in the optical design, optical alignment and optomechanics. They are.
Patients All patients provided written informed consent. The study is registered with ClinicalTrials. gov (NCT00987337). The protocol and informed consent forms were approved by independent ethics committees at all study centers in accordance with national procedures. The studies were conducted according to the ethical principles in the Declaration of Helsinki  4  and in compliance with all Good Clinical Practice guidelines, local laws, and regulations. Patients from 70 sites in North America (United States and Canada), Europe (Belgium, France, Germany, Hungary, and Spain), and Asia (Republic of Korea) were screened for inclusion in the study. Treatment-naïve (no prior treatment with IFN ± RBV or investigational anti-HCV agents) male and female patients aged ≥ 18 years were eligible for inclusion in the study.
The relapse rate (35. 9-42. 9%) observed in the FLV arms of this study is higher than that typically observed with pegIFN/RBV therapy or with other regimens in which a first generation directly-acting antiviral agent is combined with pegIFN/RBV. The high relapse rate observed with FLV therapy may be related to the agent's potency, genetic barrier to resistance, mechanism of action, or a combination of these characteristics. Relapse/SVR data for other HCV NNIs used in combination with pegIFN/RBV are limited, but the available data suggest a similarly high relapse rate. In a comparable Phase 2 trial, the NNI ANA598 demonstrated a relapse rate of ~25%,  12  suggesting a class-related effect. While FLV administered at doses of 300 mg and 600 mg BID does not improve the SVR rate in HCVinfected patients when combined with pegIFN/RBV, it is possible that this and other such agents may play an important role in future combination antiviral regimens (e.
g. , IFN-sparing). In fact, the NNI ABT-333 is currently undergoing evaluation in a phase 3 trial as part of an IFN-sparing regimen, and the efficacy associated with this regimen is very compelling. 13 While available data would suggest that the NNIs as a class are insufficiently potent to be used in combination with pegIFN/RBV, their use as part of IFN-free combinations represents an optimized role for these agents. Based on the outcome of the present study, the clinical development program for FLV has been suspended; however, several characteristics of FLV, such as its mechanism of action, rapid onset of antiviral activity, consistent activity between genotype 1 subtypes 1a and 1b, and strong safety/tolerability profile, support its evaluation as part of combination antiviral regimens.
S6  A-D and SI Materials and Methods). We used α6-integrin (CD49f) costaining and collected viable H2BGFP + α6 + (LRCs) and neighboring H2BGFP -α6 + basal cells (non-LRCs) for RNA isolation and microarray analyses (Fig. S6E ) and, as a control, also isolated α6 + basal cells from footpad epidermis (SI Materials and Methods) (2). Total RNA from each cell fraction (from two independent experiments) was extracted and compared with control basal cells from the footpad to identify the nail gene expression signature (Fig. S6F ). Transcriptional profiling of H2BGFP + LRCs revealed consistent up-regulation of 664 genes and down-regulation of 857 genes by at least twofold (Datasets S1 and S2). Similarly, 504 genes were consistently up-regulated and 707 genes down-regulated in the non-LRCs fraction (Datasets S1 and S3).
Next, we compared the gene expression profile of the nail LRCs with the surrounding basal, non-LRCs and identified 170 common up-regulated genes and 490 common down-regulated genes (Fig. S6G  and Dataset S1), which were functionally categorized to include signaling, transcription, and cell adhesion properties (Fig. S6H ). Interestingly, among the common genes revealed between nail LRCs and non-LRCs, we observed down-regulation of two bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling inhibitors, Bambi and Decorin, suggesting active BMP signaling may play an important function in the nail appendage (Fig. S6H ). BMP Signaling Guide These Stem Cells Toward Nail Differentiation. To verify canonical BMP signaling activity within mouse nail tissue, we performed phospho-Smad 1/5/8 (pSmad1/5/8) immunostaining and detected abundant nuclear pSmad1/5/8 expression in PF LRCs and Mx cells (Fig.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS. We thank  Dr. Tudorita Tumbar  ( Cornell University ) for help with H2BGFP mice model optimization;  Dr. Agnieszka Kobielak  [ University of Southern California (USC) ] for manuscript discussion;  Dr. Colin Jamora  [ Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine (inStem) ] for provision of  K5 ,  K1 , and loricrin antibodies; and the  Genomics Core Facility, Children's Hospital Los Angeles ,  USC Flow Cytometry Core , and  USC Animal Facility. This study was supported by  National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS)  of the  National Institutes of Health  Grants  R03-AR061028  (to K. K. ) and  R01-AR061552  (to K. K. ). E. K. is a Fellow of the  California Institute for Regenerative Medicine Research Training Program II in Stem Cell Biology.
[31]. Another hypothesis is that the serotype 6B conjugate included in PCV7 could have conferred a partial cross-immunity against 6C, although not evidenced in vitro  [12] , sufficient enough to induce an individual protection against 6C IPD but insufficient to prevent 6C colonization and therefore unable to induce herd-immunity. Among the 101 invasive and colonizing strains studied by MLST analysis, we found (Table  4 ) 24 different STs, clustered in 12 groups, reflecting a high genetic diversity previously observed elsewhere  [14, 15, 17, 22, 32]. According to the MLST global database, four of the 12 groups (groups A, B, C, and D) fell in group 1, the largest one that results from the merge of two CCs, CC156 and CC176, and that has been recently shown to contain in fact ten genetically distinct evolutionary lineages  [33].
Most of the STs shared by the 6C strains from our collection were related to 6A and also to 6B serotype in the MLST database (Table  4 , http://spneumoniae. mlst. net/sql/burstspadvanced. asp). However, it should be noted that some of these strains may have been only conventionally serotyped, and thus were tested neither for 6C, nor for 6D serotypes. Over the study period, survey of 6C STs revealed that STs related to CC176 tend to disappear while STs belonging to CC315 have spread (Fig. 1 ). In addition to the vaccine pressure, it has been proposed that the associated antibiotic resistance traits of 6C would facilitate its emergence. Indeed, a gradual increase in the proportion of PNSP among serotype 6C isolates has been shown to occur in the United States and in Spain  [14, 29, 34]. From our results, the increase in erythromycin resistance was associated with the striking expansion of clone ST386 (CC315), which only contains, both in IPD and NP carriage, erythromycin resistant 6C isolates (Table  5 , Fig.
Acknowledgments We are grateful to the microbiologists who are participating to the  Observatoires Regionaux du Pneumocoque Network , and particularly to the coordinators: N Leader: Marie-Cecile Ploy ,  PharmD PhD ,  CHU Dupuytren, Departement de Biologie, Limoges, France. (?; marie-cecile. ploy@unilim. fr). N  Regine Baraduc, PharmD, CHU G. Montpied, Departement de Bacteriologie, Clermont-Ferrand, France. N Michel Brun, MD ,  CHU Arnaud de Villeneuve, Departement de Bacteriologie, Montpellier, France. N Hubert Chardon, PharmD, CH du Pays d'Aix, Departement de Bacteriologie, Aix-en Provence, France. N Jacques Croize, MD PhD ,  CHU de Grenoble, Departement de Bacteriologie, Grenoble, France. N Marie-Claude Demachy, MD ,  CH de Meaux, Departement de Bacteriologie, Meaux, France. N Thierry Fosse, MD PhD ,  CHU de l'Archet, Departement de Bacteriologie, Nice, France.
Methodology The sampling frame for this study is identified as all graduate students currently registered in the 2013 Spring 1 term in all Criminal Justice courses that have implemented the DRNC focusing event theme at Saint Leo University. The sample was purposive in that it targeted a specific subpopulation of students in the graduate Criminal Justice program. The data collection instrument for this study was a 12 question multiple choice survey administered to graduate-level students currently enrolled in online Criminal Justice courses at Saint Leo University. The survey also contained an open forum question that solicited written comments from the respondents. The surveys were administered by the instructors to their students via the online eCollege platform used by Saint Leo University.
There was no clear indication from the data that the DRNC theme increased learner interest in the Criminal Justice curriculum. A little over forty three percent (43. 3%) of respondents indicated that the DRNC designed courses were equally as interesting as the non-DRNC courses. The same number (43. 3%) indicated that the DRNC themed courses were much more, or slightly more interesting than the regular courses. A small number of respondents (7. 4%) rated the DRNC themed courses as less interesting than the non-DRNC courses. RQ 2 : Will the DRNC theme be perceived by learners (non-practitioners) and learner-practitioners to be relevant for careers in the criminal justice field? The data indicate that the DRNC theme was perceived by both nonpractitioners and learner-practitioners to be relevant for careers in the criminal justice field.
7% indicated that the scenario was not a very realistic portrayal of what managers in the criminal justice field are faced with. Similarly, 53. 3% of learner-practitioners stated that the DRNC theme in the entire Criminal Justice curriculum provided a very realistic portrayal. Another 40% of non-practitioners indicated that the DRNC theme provided a "somewhat" realistic perspective of what managers in the criminal justice field are faced with. The remaining 6. 7% indicated that the DRNC theme was not a realistic indicator of what managers in the criminal justice field are faced with. RQ 4 : Will The DRNC theme be perceived by learners (non-practitioners) and learner-practitioners to be relevant for advancement in their specific careers in the criminal justice field? The data suggest that both non-practitioners and learner-practitioners perceived the DRNC theme to be relevant to their specific careers in criminal justice.
Statistical analysis All of the statistical analyses were performed on the relative abundances of the nematode species. Following Armynot du Châtelet et al. (  2004 ), only taxa with a relative abundance exceeding 5% in at least one sample were taken into consideration. However, though rare species often considered the most sensitive ones were down-weighted in this way, their contribution in the TE system was measured by means of MI calculation. Prior to the statistical analyses, all of the biotic and abiotic data were normalized by applying an additive logarithmic transformation log(x+1). In order to define the different assemblages, which included a group of species with a similar spatial distribution pattern, an R-mode cluster analysis (CA) was performed. Alternatively, a Q-mode CA was carried out for the ordination of the samples based on the relative abundances of species.
Assimilation verification Before carrying out a multi-year reanalysis in order to study the dynamics of the water cycle, initial tests were performed in order to verify the assimilation procedure. Firstly, the impact of the initial conditions on the assimilation of water vapour columns was investigated, as if the assimilation is sensitive to the initial conditions then the results of the year-long assimilation will be ambiguous. Secondly, the performance of the model during periods where there is no water vapour column data to assimilate was investigated, to see how well the model retained the assimilated data. Such periods occur throughout the TES data set, with the largest data gaps (of the order tens of sols) due to solar conjunction, and smaller gaps caused by periods where the spacecraft was in safing mode.