dataesr/scientific-paragraphs-categorization huggingface dataset:
This is the  , 2018, 52, 1, 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 France)  reason why we decided to use this pump. The volume of solution (640 mL) put into contact with the oak sample is calculated with the same volume / surface ratio as in real conditions (225 L / 2 m 2 ). -3 - OENO One The oxygen concentration in upstream and downstream chambers is detected using a mobile optical fiber coupled with a sensor device. The luminescent system is an Oxy-trace type (PreSens GmbH, Germany), coupled with a PSt3 type oxygen sensor (detection limit = 15 µg. L -1 , 0-100% oxygen). The sensors are spot sensors placed inside the upstream and downstream chambers, thus permitting the detection of the oxygen concentration in the gaseous or in the liquid phase without opening the system. Data are recorded and retrieved from a linked computer.
The methods may be extended to more generic nodes. The vehicle scheme introduced in the paper can be adapted to network modeling and can be modified in order to accommodate the various kinds of data considered in the paper. Directions of future research include. Compare the numerical results obtained with the monotone scheme developed in this paper and those obtained from the variational approach of Lebacque and Khoshyaran (2013) adapted for node modeling, which has not been done right. The variational approach for GSOM models (and a fortiori for the LWR model) is rather complex to be applied on large network. Moreover, when applied to models of a nontriangular fundamental diagram, accuracy is diminished. In the case of a diverge constituted of upstream and downstream links and of a point-wise node without internal state,  Imbert et al.
The amount of LaPO 4 in the composite material was 2. 5 wt %, which is close to the La content in NVPF-La05. X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) patterns of the as-prepared samples were recorded by a D8 Advance Bruker diffractometer (Bruker AXS Gmbl, Karlsruhe, Germany) with a high-rate detector Lynx Eye, Cu Kα 1,2 radiation (α 1 = 1. 5406 Å, α 2 = 1. 5445 Å) within the 10-100 • (2θ) range with a step of 0. 02 • and uptake time of 0. 3-1. 0 s. The structural refinement of the XRD data was carried out by the Rietveld method using the TOPAS software  [34]. The procedure was started with the refinement of the lattice parameters and atomic positions of the pristine NVPF. The thermal displacement parameters for all atoms were refined just once and then fixed at their final values; the thermal parameters for the atoms of the same elements were taken to be equal.
The depletion calculations were carried out using the DARWIN code system  [14]. Nearly 98% of the heat is produced through alpha-decay of heavy nuclides, with 244 Cm being the main heat emitter with close to 50% of the total power production, followed by 238 Pu and 241 Am. Concerning neutron source, spontaneous fissions of 244 Cm is responsible for 96% of the total neutron source of the spent fuel  [14]. 242 Cm has a very weak contribution to decay heat after 5 years of cooling due to its short half-life. Considering this, it is necessary to study the formation route of these nuclei, as it is done below in equation  (1). It is thus possible to split the contribution to decay heat depending on the half-lives of the nuclei considered and their parent-nuclei. Thus, the long-term decay heat will be more dictated by 241 Am and 238 Pu, thus depending on the initial 241 Am content while neutron source and shorterterm decay heat will be depending on 244 Cm and thus on 243 Am initial content.
Synthesis Sample Activation. DMF molecules within the pores of SOF 8-10 were exchanged with acetone, and the acetone-exchanged samples were degassed under dynamic vacuum at 100 °C for 24 h to afford the activated desolvated samples SOF 8a-10a. Thermal stability of asprepared SOF 8-10 was evaluated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA, Figure  S1 ). The phase purity of as-prepared SOF 8-10 and activated SOF 8a-10a was confirmed by powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD, Figures  S2-S4 ). SOF-9a and SOF-10a possess highly robust frameworks, while structural collapse occurs during activation of SOF-8 to afford amorphous SOF-8a. Crystallography. Single crystal X-ray data were collected on an Rigaku Oxford Diffraction SuperNovaII Atlas X-ray diffractometer at the University of Nottingham. Details of the data collection are included in the CIF files.
Structures of SOF 8-10 were solved by direct methods and developed by difference Fourier techniques, using the SHELXL software package (Table  S1 ). 38 Hydrogen atoms of the ligands were placed geometrically and refined using a riding model. The unit cell volume of SOF 8-10 included a large region of disordered solvent which could not be modeled as discrete atomic sites. We therefore employed PLATON/SQUEEZE  37  to calculate the contribution of the solvent region to the diffraction and thereby produced a set of solvent-free diffraction intensities. The solvent molecules of SOF 8-10 are included in the unit cell contents and in all parameters derived from these. Despite multiple attempts, the limited crystal size and stability of SOF-8 restricted the quality of the resulting data set, but this did not preclude the identification of the framework structure.
Topological analysis and polycatenation identification of SOF-9 and SOF-10 were performed using ToposPro software. 39 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Structural Description. In a typical procedure, reaction of 1 and 3 in a 1:1 molar ratio in dimethylformamide (DMF) at 90 °C resulted in the formation of light-yellow prismatic crystals of SOF-8 after 72 h. Single crystal X-ray diffraction reveals that SOF-8 crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P2 1 /m (Table  S1 ), and features a 2D hydrogen-bonded network structure in which 1 has undergone a structural transformation into 2 through oxidative dehydrogenation (Scheme 1). The exo-pyridyl and carboxyl groups on 2 and 3 contribute to the complementary O-H•••N hydrogen bonds that direct the self-assembly process. Each molecule of 2 interacts with four neighboring molecules of 3 through strong primary hydrogen bonds (O carboxyl H•••N pyridyl , 2.
* S Supporting Information The Supporting Information is available free of charge on the ACS Publications website at DOI: 10. 1021/acs. cgd. 8b00153. Gas adsorption isotherms, gas uptake data and analysis, and quantum chemistry calculations, tables, and figures (PDF) Accession Codes CCDC 1818274-1818276 contain the supplementary crystallographic data for this paper. These data can be obtained free of charge via www. ccdc. cam. ac. uk/data_request/cif, or by emailing data_request@ccdc. cam. ac. uk, or by contacting The Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre, 12 Union Road, Cambridge CB2 1EZ, UK; fax: +44 1223 336033.
■ ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We thank the  EPSRC  ( EP/I011870 ),  ERC  ( Advanced Grant AdG 226593 ), the  973 program  (Grant  2014CB845605 ), the  NSFC  (Grants  91622114 ,  21520102001 , and  21521061 ), the  Strategic Priority Research Program  (Grants  XDB20000000  and  XDA09030102 ) of the  Chinese Academy of Sciences  for funding. J. L. acknowledges financial support from the  International Science and Technology Cooperation and Exchange Project of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University  (Grant No. KXGH17010 ). F. T. and F. -X. C. acknowledge access to high-performance computing platforms provided by a  GENCI grant  ( A0030807069 ).
The question of the way the experimental results have to be implemented into a numerical code to be relevant must also be raised. Consequently several simulations using a damage model are performed with different BC to study their influence. The notches description is studied as well as the resolution of the imposed displacement field on the boundary. The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of the CARPIUC benchmark. For the sake of brevity, more technical and detailed presentations will be pointed at using published or to-be-published references, as well as the links to data needed to perform numerical simulations. Only a brief summary will be provided with the ambition of giving the general guidelines of this approach which gathers experimental tests and numerical simulations of them.
Numerical implementations of the boundary conditions Boundary conditions (BC) are very important when performing the numerical simulations of complex experimental tests. The majority of the cases reported in literature are instrumented using point measurements and the models are tested using simple scalar data  [8, 13, 16, 17]. For the proposed tests displacement fields are measured on the specimen and on the loading plates. Therefore, the choice of the BC is both very important and not straightforward, as thoroughly shown in  [25, 30]. It is here proposed to report some observations from these early studies in order to guide people who would be interested in participating to the benchmark. First, a brief description of the model used for the simulations is given. Then, four main points are discussed: the choice of BC corresponding to the displacement of the loading plates or measured directly on the sample, the choice of the thickness of a purely elastic layer at the sample boundary, the choice of more or less detailed BC (full-field vs.
Conclusions This paper is a brief description of the CARPIUC benchmark proposed at the CFRAC2017 conference. It summarizes the experiment protocol and main results. Some preliminary attempts to model the tests using a non-local damage model were used to check the sensitivity of the simulation to different details in order to advise people who would be interested to take part to the benchmark. Questions regarding the use of kinematic boundary conditions, their fluctuations at small scale, or the accurate notch geometry for crack initiation were addressed and discussed. These results show that the use of accurate displacement data at the boundary is essential, whereas other aspects such as the notch geometry appear to be much less sensitive. This robustness makes the experimental results suited for a benchmark.
Thus, the initial goal of having experimental tests with a very dense set of measurements, including full-field displacement data, providing a well-posed problem for simulations has been met. Those two cases have been shown to be quite robust against some details which may be missing from the database. However, at the same time, the loading path has been chosen to lead to complex crack patterns, and hence be very discriminating. All those points make the CARPIUC benchmark a difficult but gratifying challenge.
The PDM (see fig. 2 ) is made of 36 Hamamatsu M64 Multi-Anode Photomultiplier Tubes (MAPMT), each containing 64 anodes (2304 pixels in total) capable of single photoelectron counting  [10]. The Schott BG3 optical filter leads to a detection band of 290 to 430 nm with a tail up to 500 nm. The time binning of the detector is 2. 5 µs (equivalent to 1 Gate Time Unit, GTU). One event trigger causes 128 GTUs of data to be collected from all pixels. The trigger rate during the flight was 20 Hz, set by an internal clock. There was no synchronization between this trigger and the laser system.
The reconstructed zenith angle is histogrammed in fig. 13. The distribution of the 190 reconstructible events has a mean zenith angle of 92. 2 • with a standard deviation of 3. 8 •. The two populations visible are related to the two energy settings used for the laser. While the lower energy setting is contributing to both populations the higher setting only contributes to the population centered around 90 •. A possible explanation for this behavior is saturation of pixels inside the track, which shifts the weight of the timing fit. The result of splitting the dataset into high and low energy setting is shown in fig. 14. The expected mean value of the distribution should be slightly above 90 •. The reason is that the laser was mounted to produce horizontal tracks (meaning a zenith angle of 90 • ) when the helicopter had a horizontal attitude.
Acknowledgement The authors acknowledge strong support from the  French Space Agency CNES  who provided the leadership that made this achievement possible in a very short time as well as funding. We are indebted to the balloon division of  CNES  for a perfect launch, a smooth flight operation and flawless telemetry. The  Canadian Space Agency  has provided outstanding facilities at the  Timmins Stratospheric Balloon Base  and a quick and careful recovery of the instrument. We would like to thank  NASA  for their support in organizing and financing the helicopter underflight. This work was partially supported by the  NASA  grants  NNX13AH55G ,  NNX13AH53G  in the US. Japan is supported by the  Basic Science Interdisciplinary Research Projects of RIKEN  and  JSPS KAKENHI  Grant ( 22340063 ,  23340081 , and  24244042 ), by the  Italian Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation , by the  'Helmholtz Alliance for Astroparticle Physics HAP ' funded by the  Initiative and Networking Fund of the Helmholtz Association, Germany , and by  Slovak Academy of Sciences  MVTS JEM-EUSO as well as  VEGA  grant agency project  2/0076/13.
Russia is supported by the  Russian Foundation for Basic Research  Grant  No 13-02-12175 -ofi-m. The Spanish Consortium involved in the JEM-EUSO Space Mission is funded by  MICINN & MINECO  under the Space Program projects:  AYA2009-06037-E/AYA, AYA-ESP2010-19082 ,  AYA-ESP2011-29489-C03 ,  AYA-ESP2012-39115-C03 , AYA-ESP2013-47816-C4 ,  MINECO/FEDER-UNAH13-4E-2741 ,  CSD2009-00064  (Consolider MULTIDARK) and by  Comunidad de Madrid (CAM)  under projects  S2009/ESP-1496 & S2013/ICE-2822. We would like to thank the staff at our laboratories and home institutions for their strong and undivided support all along this project.
The fatigue limit was determined as 58% UTS by Method 2 and 67% UTS by Method 3, as shown in Fig. 5  and Fig. 6 , respectively. The stabilized temperature rising corresponding to fatigue limit (∆ stab_fl ) is also determined as 4. 7 ℃ and 6. 3 ℃, which will be used to determine normalized failure threshold stiffness. (2) Determine the values of parameters p and q. According to experimental normalized stiffness degradation data in Fig. 4 , there are five different stiffness degradation curves. For each curve, 20 points were sampled, so a total of 100 points are used for fitting. Similarly, Eq. (  2 ) is used to fit the data (3D surface fitting in MATLAB Toolbox) and the values of parameters p and q can be calibrated. The fitting results are shown in Fig. 7 , and the values of p and q are determined as 0.
Cell Death The effects of AMF exposure on cell death were investigated as follows: cells were seeded onto four-compartment Cellview dishes, incubated with Gastrin-MNPs in incubation medium, washed, incubated with doxorubicin and exposed to AMF as previously described. Four hours after AMF exposure, dead cells were labeled with FITC-annexin V (AnnV) and/or propidium iodide (PI) (Cell Meter Annexin V apoptosis assay kit, AAT Bioquest, Sunnyvale, CA, USA) in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions. The counting of labeled cells was carried out through the analysis of confocal microscopy images (LSM510, Zeiss) representing populations of 2000-3000 cells/experiment using Image J software (National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA, https://imagej. nih. gov/ij/, 1997-2016).
Synergism/Additivity Analysis by the Chou-Talalay Method Two doses of Gastrin-MNPs and three doses of doxorubicin were used, covering their IC 50 for single treatment analysis. For combination studies, Gastrin-MNPs were used with 16 µg/mL of Fe; doxorubicin was used at 1, 3 and 5 µM. Percentages of inhibition of cell viability and induction of cell death were measured in the presence or absence of AMF exposure. The combination index (CI) was determined from the CI-isobologram method using CompuSyn software (ComboSyn, Inc. , Paramus, NJ, USA)  [26]. CI < 1 and CI = 1 indicated synergism and additivity, respectively  [27].
Analysis of Caspase-1 and Caspase-3 Activation Four hours after AMF exposure, cells were incubated with Fluorochrome-Labeled Inhibitors of Caspase-1 (FLICA, FAM-YVAD-FMK, excitation: 488 nm) or Caspase-3 (FLICA, FAM-DEVD-FMK, excitation: 488 nm) reagent (Immunochemistry technologies, Bloomington, MN, USA) in accordance with the manufacturer's instruction. Next, cells were washed and analyzed by confocal microscopy (LSM510, Zeiss). The counting of labeled cells was carried out by analyzing confocal microscopy images representing populations of 2000-3000 cells/experiment using Image J software.
Therefore, these results indicate that the association of MILH with doxorubicininduced cytotoxicity not only increases the eradication efficiency of tumoral cells relative to single treatments but also that this combination acts with synergism or additivity to decrease tumoral cell viability or induce cell death. Then, we analyzed the mechanisms of cell death under the different conditions. Table  1. Analysis of combination treatments of Magnetic Intra-Lysosomal Hyperthermia (MILH) and doxorubicin. Gastrin-MNPs were used at a non-cytotoxic concentration ([Fe] = 16 μg/mL) and doxorubicin was used at 1, 3 and 5 μM. The percentage of inhibition of cell viability and induction of cell death in the presence or absence of AMF exposure are indicated. The combination index (CI) was determined from the CI-isobologram method using CompuSyn software  [26].
Mechanism of Cell Death: Analysis of Capsase-1 and Caspase-3 Activation We previously demonstrated that MILH induces the death of cancer cells through a nonapoptotic pathways that is triggered inside lysosomes through the catalysis of Fenton reaction-  Table  1. Analysis of combination treatments of Magnetic Intra-Lysosomal Hyperthermia (MILH) and doxorubicin. Gastrin-MNPs were used at a non-cytotoxic concentration ([Fe] = 16 µg/mL) and doxorubicin was used at 1, 3 and 5 µM. The percentage of inhibition of cell viability and induction of cell death in the presence or absence of AMF exposure are indicated. The combination index (CI) was determined from the CI-isobologram method using CompuSyn software  [26]. CI < 1 and CI = 1 indicate synergism and additivity, respectively  [27]. Nanomaterials 2018, 8, x FOR PEER REVIEW 11 of 17 Table  1.
Analysis of combination treatments of Magnetic Intra-Lysosomal Hyperthermia (MILH) and doxorubicin. Gastrin-MNPs were used at a non-cytotoxic concentration ([Fe] = 16 µ g/mL) and doxorubicin was used at 1, 3 and 5 µ M. The percentage of inhibition of cell viability and induction of cell death in the presence or absence of AMF exposure are indicated. The combination index (CI) was determined from the CI-isobologram method using CompuSyn software  [26]. CI < 1 and CI = 1 indicate synergism and additivity, respectively  [27].
SAXS Small Angle X-ray Scattering (SAXS) data were collected on the BL11-NCD beamline at ALBA (Barcelona, Spain). The X-ray wavelength used was 0. 99 Å, with a sample-to-detector distance of 2. 9 m for the SAXS. In the present paper, the scattering curves are plotted as a function of the scattering vector q defined as q = 4π/λ. sin(θ/2), with θ being the scattering angle. Standard data corrections were applied including background subtraction. The samples were prepared as described in the casting step and analyzed wrapped in aluminum foil.
SAXS and TEM Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) was used to study the bulk morphology and the temperature dependency of the microphase separation. The salt-free BCP did not show any scattering pronounced scattering peaks, indicating that the BCP is in the mixed state (see Supporting information, SI-1). However, with the addition of salt scattering peaks were observed. Fig. 4  shows the scattering data for sample 8:1, 10:1 and 20:1, collected at 30 °C before and after the temperature annealing at 150 °C. Before annealing, the spectra show three broad scattering peaks, and after the annealing the scattering peaks become smeared out for sample 10:2 and 20:1, however, sample 8:1 becomes well defined. During heating all first order peaks q* are significantly shifted to smaller angles, sample 8:1 shifted from 0.
Data Analysis The position time series were filtered with a dual-pass, secondorder Butterworth filter, with a cut-off frequency of 8 Hz. Velocity and acceleration were subsequently derived using a 3-point central difference technique. The analysis focused on movement time, error rate, effective target width, performance index, percentage of acceleration time, non-linearity percentage as well as descriptions of the kinematics patterns produced. For each session, measures were averaged across the three trials for each of the three conditions. Individual movements were obtained by identifying their reversals (i. e. , position extremes). For each trial, movement time (MT) was defined as the mean half cycle time, from one movement extremum to the next. The error rate was defined as the number of movement reversal outside targets limits.
Statistical Analysis Repeated-measures ANOVAs were performed between groups (PD patients, control), sessions (Session 1, Session 2) and task difficulty (ID 3, ID 4, and ID 5) as factors. Sphericity was assessed for each dependent variable and the Greenhouse-Geisser's correction was applied when sphericity was not met. Post hoc analysis using Bonferroni's correction was used in order to detail significant effects. Statistical significance was set a p < 0. 05. Differences in MT, Error rate as well as W e /W ratio, between treatment sessions were assessed using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) with the clinical data of Dyskinesia score (Marconi) as well as with the post action tremor score as a covariate to test whether the significant changes of the dependent variables were due to dyskinesias or to tremor.
These packets have consequently the same length and a comparable received power. Please note that in the LoRaWAN standard, only 6 SF are available (the value of the SF is an integer between 7 and 12). As a consequence, Fig. 1  The AMI backhaul is divided in two parts: the neighbourhood network and the AMI backhaul. In this paper, we focus on the AMI backhaul and more precisely on the communication between aggregators and LPWAN base stations As we focus on the problem of collisions in LPWAN, the fading of wireless channel is not considered in this article. In unlicensed bands, the interfering traffic of the AMI backhaul (set of packets for which collisions may occur) can be generated by devices that use the same base station, use the same standard but transmit their data to another base station or use another standard.
To exploit these new extensions, we rely on state-of-the-art polyhedral representation of programs to apply code transformations on the input program and avoid unnecessary computations while keeping guarantees on the validity of the transformations. With the rise of parallel processors, multiple vendors have formed a non-profit consortium to propose a new Application Programming Interface (API) which is known as Open Multi-Processing  [1]  (OpenMP). This API greatly reduces the time needed to implement parallel applications compared to using a specific library directly. In this paper we propose a similar approach for approximate computing and adaptive methods. Our method relies entirely on optional annotations for the compiler. Our ''Adaptive Code Refinement'' (ACR) annotations are put on top of compute intensive kernels that can benefit from approximate computing techniques.