dataesr/scientific-paragraphs-categorization huggingface dataset:
Severity index for lung involvement based on LUS We performed daily bedside LUS evaluations using a portable device to evaluate COVID-19 pneumonia. LUS evaluations of lung damage were graded in the six categories described for ARDS, in a blinded manner for oxygen needs and CT scan grading, based on a twelvepoint grading system (see Materiel and Methods section). We designed this severity index that is based on evaluations done with certainty to be able to take into account missing data and feasibility (see Material and Methods section for details). Table  2  reports the LUS scoring taking into account missing data, feasibility due to anatomical or posture problems, and oxygen requirements for the first 12 patients included. For the totality of the patients, the mean LUS severity score was 0.
Energy performance improvement for serial production lines using real time data Methods for the improvement of energetic performance of serial production lines using real time date are also treated. Brundage et al. (2013)  developed new energy savings opportunity strategies to maximize energy savings for a serial production line. The method is based on the evaluation of the opportunity window from on-line production data in order to turn off certain machines for energy savings without negatively affecting throughput. Using real time production data, energy efficiency performance indicators are evaluated to identify the least energy efficient machine on the line. The Energy Efficiency Performance Indicator is developed (5), where W i,1 is the static part of the energy consumption for machine i and W i,2 the dynamic part attributed to random disruptions on the line.
K. The chosen approach to evaluate energy consumption is to assess it per part. Several segmentation methods have been introduced by  Zhou et al. (2016)  as summarized in Fig. 1. Depending on the needs of the study, the energy consumption of a machine can be evaluated according to several axes. For the conducted study, we have chosen to assess energy consumption according to the machine states. The problem is then formulated using a discrete time and states Markov chain. The set of states S consists of the different states in which a machine M i could be: On, Down, Starved, Blocked and Starved&Blocked. S = {O, D, S, B, SB} Transition probabilities and then steady state probabilities (P O,i , P D,i , P S,i , P B,i , P SB,i ) for each machine M i were evaluated using machines and buffers parameters as well as output data from the economic evaluation.
However, it is not clear whether significant high (or variable) BP levels are themselves risk factors for brain injury or simply a marker of stroke severity because of the observational character of these studies and data concerning the rapidity and the extent to which the BP should be lowered without compromising brain perfusion are lacking. A randomised controlled trial comparing two BP levels after recanalisation is ongoing (NCT03160677). 6. 2 "One size fits all" versus "tailored" blood pressure target A "one size fits all" BP target could make sense from a pathophysiological standpoint after IV-TL because  (1)  individual recanalisation status is often unknown in the clinical setting and (2) the rate of recanalisation is often low (approximately 20%) in studies including angiography  [91].
DEEP-SEA BENTHIC ECOSYSTEMS SHAPED BY THE NORTH ATLANTIC WATER MASSES The biodiversity of VMEs and the biogeographical affinities in deep-sea benthic communities can vary over space and time due to regional and basin-scale changes in the oceanographic conditions. On one hand, this section discusses local scale effects through examples of how key water masses and oceanographic processes affect VMEs at particular locations of the North Atlantic. On the other hand, we also provide a larger scale overview of the distribution of the main VMEs at a basin-scale and the critical roles of water masses in the species distribution, connectivity, endemicity and biodiversity patterns. We mainly focused on ecosystem-engineering organisms such as CWC and sponges, but more information on VME records across the North Atlantic can be found in the open access databases of multiple international organizations related to scientific, management and conservation purposes (e.
Interpretation of a variant of uncertain significance can be difficult and is case dependent. Classification of variants is based on previously published cases, variant databases, prediction software, the nature of the change, and whether the variant is inherited or de novo. If a VUS is inherited from an unaffected parent, then it is more likely to be benign. Not surprisingly, if VUS is reported, parental samples may be needed for further investigation. It should also be noted that not all variants are deleterious, and association between variants and syndromes should be made carefully. The focus of this article is to familiarize clinicians with some of the common genetic overgrowth syndromes caused by epigenetic and single-gene disorders.
Interestingly, 26 out of the 40 variants described (63%) in DNMT3A, (79) were also found in patients with AML according to the Catalog of Somatic Mutations in Cancer (COSMIC) database  (81). In particular, missense mutations in arginine at position 882 causing a change either to cysteine or histidine (a change seen in about half of the cases of AML with a mutation in DNMT3A) were also documented in affected patients with the overgrowth syndrome. Two out of the reported 77 patients with this OGID syndrome developed AML at the ages of 12 and 15  (79) ; however, despite the perceived increase in the odds ratio, conclusions cannot be drawn for an actual increased risk due to the small number of patients. Similarly, in Weaver syndrome, non-congenital overexpression of the DNA methyltransferase EZH2 is found in several solid tumors and non-Hodgkin lymphoma, a change that serves as a negative prognostic factor (  82 ), yet germline variants in this gene causing Weaver syndrome are not linked to an increased risk of those tumors.
It is accompanied by secondary overgrowth of specific brain structures, and ventriculomegaly with polymicrogyria (excessive small gyri) are common. Patients with MCAP are hypotonic and prone to seizures (30%). Similarly to CLOVES, vascular malformations are common (although more confined to the skin) and asymmetric overgrowth of limbs may be seen. Not surprisingly, mutations causing CLOVES and MCAP syndromes are seen in the COSMIC database, as PIK3CA is commonly overactivated in many common cancers. However, it is not clear that PROS has an increased risk for tumors and no specific surveillance guidelines are established yet  (49). Management of these patients is symptom-baseddebulking surgeries for lipomata, orthopedic referral for scoliosis, and standard treatment for seizures; CNS imaging for brain abnormalities and paraspinal lipomatous growth; and close follow-up on development  (95).
In the case of 34 Chinese patients recovering from COVID-19, no virus was found in semen samples  [26]. It should be noted that most of these patients have presented mild forms of COVID-19 and that SARS-CoV-2 semen analysis was done about 1 month after COVID-19 infection (median 31 days). Using single-cell RNA (ribonucleic acid) sequencing (scRNA-Seq) cellular data showing that only 4 out of 6490 (< 0. 1%) testicular cells contained RNA for both ACE2 receptor and TMPRSS2 in a previous study, the authors concluded that it appeared unlikely that SARS-Cov-2 could enter into any cells in the testis as it had previously been hypothesized. The same results were reported by Stanley et al. [28]  who did not observe a large number of testicular cells expressing both ACE2 receptor and TMPRSS2; it should however be noted that Sertoli cells were under-represented among testicular cells analyzed in this latter study.
Experimental energy values, from Mazeau et al. [33]  and NIST database  [38]  by r = 1,. , 5. The correspondence between each resonance r and a specific channel i = 1, 2, 3, associated to an asymptotic (dissociation) limit, is reported in Table  I , which also gives the electron affinity for each process. According to the theoretical formalism of the Local-Complex-Potential (LCP) -previously used to study the NO dissociative excitation process in  [1]  and the DA of O 2  [34]  -the DA cross section for an NO molecule initially on its vibrational level v colliding with an electron of incident energy and following channel i is given by  [35] : σ i v ( ) = r 2S r + 1 (2S + 1) 2 g r g 2 2π 2 K µ m e k lim R→∞ |ξ r v (R)| 2 , i = 1, 2, 3 , (4) where 2S r + 1 and 2S + 1 are the spin-multiplicities of the resonant electronic state of the anion and of the electronic state of the neutral target respectively, g r and g represent the corresponding degeneracy factors, K is the asymptotic momentum of the final dissociating fragments, k is the incoming electron momentum, µ is the reduced mass of NO nuclei, m e is the electron mass and ξ r v is the resonant wave function solution of the nuclear equation with total energy E = v + : - 2 2µ d 2 dR 2 + V - r (R) - i 2 Γ r (R) -E ξ r v (R) = -V r (R) χ v (R) , r = 1,.
Acknowledgements VL and IFS acknowledge support from the  French agencies ANR  via the project  MONA ;  CNRS ,  CEA  and  CNES  via the  PCMI program  of  INSU ;  FR-FCM (CNRS, CEA and Eurofusion) ,  La Région Normandie ,  FEDER  and  LabEx EMC 3 via the projects Bioengine, EMoPlaF  and CO 2 -VIRIDIS;  COMUE Normandie Université, FR-IEPE  and the  European Union  via the  COST action MD-GAS  ( CA18212 ). VL thanks the  Laboratoire Ondes et Milieux Complexes  ( CNRS-Université Le Havre Normandie, France ), where this work was started, for the kind hospitality.
Data were collected with a 532/10 nm excitation filter, a 690/50 nm emission filter, and a laser power of 300 µW. Subfigures 1-2, 3-4, and 5-6 were acquired at different distances from the confocal spot focal plane. The scale bar is 5 µm for all images. In the schematic of the cantilevers, the nominal cantilever length and the red and blue arrows indicate positive and negative force directions, respectively, corresponding to the color scale in panels 2, 5, and 6. Intensity (photon counter) images (panels 1, 3, and 5) are given in counts per second (cps) and were recorded directly from the APD. The cantilever used from the qp-BioAC is the CB2 while the one for MLCT-BIO-DC is the cantilever C. The Point Spread Function (PSF) of the confocal spot is ≈ 400 nm. Given the large emission spectra of silicon  37  , silicon nitride  16  , and the metallic coating on the cantilever backside, in our case gold  35  , the choice of the emission filter is not crucial if compared to fluorescence imaging of conventional organic fluorophores characterized by narrow emission spectra.
Custom tips, presenting a plateau at the tip apex, were purchased from Nanoworld: they were fabricated modifying a qp-BioAC cantilever (see section 4 of supplementary information). An electron beam deposited carbon tip was grown on top of a thin layer of gold. Subsequently, a flat circular plateau of ≈ 50 nm diameter was obtained at the tip apex by means of Field Ion Beam (FIB) to aid fluorescent nanodiamond fixation and stability. For optomechanical force characterization, a dozen tips were used to fully characterize and understand the forces employed. All probes of the same brand behaved similarly, with the same range of forces and same force/intensity distribution over the cantilever. For the approach-retract experiment with the nanodiamonds, we have collected data from tens of different probes whereas each probe had a different nanodiamond that was carefully grafted.
Acknowledgments L. C. and T. F. acknowledge support from  CNRS Momentum program  ( 2017 ). O. S. acknowledges funding from the  European Union 's  Horizon 2020 research and innovation program  under the  Marie Sklodowska-Curie  grant agreement No. 721874  ( SPM 2. 0 ). This project has received funding from the  Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR)  under grant agreement  ANR-17-CE09-0026-02. The CBS is a member of the  France-BioImaging (FBI)  and the  French Infrastructure for the Integrated Biology (FRISBI) , 2 national infrastructures supported by the  French National Research Agency  ( ANR-10-INBS-04-01  and  ANR-10-INBS-05  respectively). The authors acknowledge  Francesco Pedaci  for discussions and  Martina Di Muzio  and the  MicroFabSpace and Microscopy Characterization Facility ,  Unit 7 of ICTS "NANBIOSIS"  from  CIBER  at  IBEC , for providing the gold-coated coverslips.
1% of patients treated with placebo in INPULSIS. Conclusions: Based on data from the INSTAGE and INPULSIS trials, nintedanib had a similar effect on FVC decline over 24 weeks, and a similar safety and tolerability profile, in patients with IPF and more versus less severe impairment in gas exchange. These data support the use of nintedanib in patients with IPF who have advanced disease. Trial registration: INPULSIS (NCT01335464 and NCT01335477); INSTAGE (NCT02802345).
In the 24week INSTAGE trial, nintedanib plus sildenafil was associated with a numerical but not statistically significant benefit on change in St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) total score compared with nintedanib alone in patients with IPF and severely impaired gas exchange (diffusing capacity of the lungs for carbon monoxide [DLco] ≤35% predicted) at baseline  [7]. Few data are available on the efficacy and safety of antifibrotic therapies in patients with advanced IPF. We used data from the INPULSIS and INSTAGE trials to compare the effects of nintedanib in patients with IPF and less versus more severe impairment in gas exchange at baseline.
Taken together, these findings support the use of nintedanib in patients with IPF who have advanced disease. Physicians may be reluctant to treat patients with advanced IPF due to uncertainty about the efficacy and/or safety of antifibrotic therapies in these patients, or to  Data are n (%) of patients with ≥1 such event. In INPULSIS, events with onset between the first dose of trial drug and day 195 (or between the first dose and 28 days after the last dose for patients who discontinued trial drug before week 24) were included. In INSTAGE, events with onset between the first dose and up to 28 days after the last dose of trial drug were included. a Reported in > 8% of patients in any of the groups shown, based on MedDRA preferred terms. b Corresponds to MedDRA term 'IPF', which included disease worsening and acute exacerbations.
c Reported in > 1. 5% of patients in any of the groups shown, based on MedDRA preferred terms concerns over the tolerability of antifibrotic therapies in patients who are old or have comorbidities  [20]. However, many of the patients with IPF who require care in clinical practice have advanced impairment in lung function. Data from 662 patients in the IPF-PRO Registry, a US registry of patients with IPF that was diagnosed or confirmed at the enrolling centre in the past 6 months, showed that 25% of patients had DLco < 31. 3% predicted and 25% had FVC < 60. 1% predicted  [21]. Similar degrees of impairment in FVC and DLco have been observed in other contemporary registries of patients with IPF  [22]. Nintedanib had a similar adverse event profile in patients with mild or moderate impairment in gas exchange in the INPULSIS trials and in patients with more severe disease in the INSTAGE trial, albeit with a greater frequency of serious adverse events in patients with more severe disease, as might be expected in a sicker population.
Previous analyses of safety data from clinical trials of nintedanib have shown a consistent safety and tolerability profile across trials and patient subgroups  [13, 14, 23]. Real-world data from clinical practice suggest that the safety and tolerability profile of nintedanib is similar in patients with IPF who have severe disease as in patients with milder disease, but that patients with more severe disease have a higher rate of treatment discontinuation  [16, 18, 24]. This highlights the importance of patient education and proactive management of sideeffects in patients prescribed nintedanib for the treatment of IPF  [25, 26]. In our analyses, HRQL at baseline, assessed using the SGRQ total score, was worse in patients in the INSTAGE trial than in the INPULSIS trials. Previous studies have also shown that patients with IPF who have more advanced disease based on % predicted values for FVC and/or DLco have worse symptoms, worse exercise capacity, and worse HRQL  [27] [28] [29].
Our analyses have limitations, including differences between the INPULSIS and INSTAGE trial populations beyond impairment in lung function; the lack of a placebo group in the INSTAGE trial; the short duration of the study; the use of different equations for calculation of per cent predicted values for DLco; and the post-hoc nature of the analyses of data from the INPULSIS trials. Nonetheless, our data add to the body of evidence on Data are n (%) of patients with ≥1 such event. In INPULSIS, events with onset between the first dose of trial drug and day 195 (or between the first dose and 28 days after the last dose for patients who discontinued trial drug before week 24) were included. In INSTAGE, events with onset between the first dose and up to 28 days after the last dose of trial drug were included.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This work received funding from the  European Research Council (ERC)  under the European Union's  Horizon 2020 research and innovation program  (GA no. 637972 , project ''ResiBots'') and the  Lifelong Learning Machines program  ( L2M ) from  DARPA/MTO  under Contract No. FA8750-18-C-0103. The author thanks  Adam Gaier  for his help with preparing this manuscript.
Funding source This work was supported by grants from  INCA   PLBIO 2017  to IP, the  Association de recherche sur la moelle osseuse (ARMO) , the  GIS-Institute  for rare diseases for high throughput sequencing ( AO9102LS ), the  MPN research foundation , the  Association pour la Recherche sur le Cancer ,  Labex GR-Ex  (IP, WV) is funded by the program " Investissements d'avenir ". BPS was supported by the  INCA-PLBIO 2017. GR was supported by  Ph. D grants from the  MENRT.
Aim: To synthesise primary research on the role and use of music listening for women in childbirth. Design: Integrative review. Methods: Whittemore & Knafl's (2005) five-stage integrative review method was utilized to complete a systematic search of the literature. Studies were included if they were a) peerreviewed, b) written in the English language, c) published between 1 January 1979 and 5 April 2019 and d) described the use of music listening during labour and birth. Studies were appraised for quality and methodological rigor using standardised assessment tools including the Critical Appraisal Skills Programmes (CASP) checklist for the qualitative studies and the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Tool for the quasi-experimental studies and randomised control trials. Data extrapolation, methodological quality assessment and Thematic Content Analysis (Braun and Clarke, 2006) were carried out.
Methods This study examined the reported role and outcomes of music listening as used by women in childbirth. An initial scoping review of the literature indicated a range of related studies across diverse methodological design and philosophical approach. The inherent complexity or combination of such diverse studies informed the choice to employ  Whittemore & Knafl's (2005)  integrative review framework. This five-stage integrative review method is specifically designed to accommodate diverse data sources and unrestricted study designs to address any issue of concern  (Soares et al. , 2014). Also known as mixed methods reviews, integrative reviews synthesise evidence from empirical studies in a manner that aims to enhance rigour while providing a more comprehensive understanding of the  Do the reported outcomes suggest that music listening may have a valuable role to play for women during childbirth?  What recommendations can be made to inform practice and update healthcare professionals on the role of music in childbirth?.
Data analysis Each included paper was read several times by the first two authors to enable the identification of mutually agreed common categories of information. Relevant data was extrapolated and presented in narrative summary template (see Table  4 ). This information was presented according to; the title, author(s), publication year, country in which the study Acupressure, music therapy, and combination could reduce the labour pain and contribute to higher satisfaction rate significantly (p<0. 05). Acupressure had an advantage on decreasing the uterine pressure compared to music therapy, whereas the music therapy owned more benefits on reducing the anxiety levels of puerperas than acupressure. The combination therapy could reduce the intensity of labour pain greatly and seemed to be superior to the single therapies in some parameters.
Presentation of results The initial electronic database search recovered 931 studies. Following review of each study's abstract in accordance to the study inclusion and exclusion criteria and accounting for duplication of hits among several electronic databases, 89 papers were retrieved for review. Following an independent review by the first two authors, 24 papers were included in this review. These included two qualitative studies, thirteen randomised controlled trials and nine quasi-experimental studies. One study reported its results across two papers  (Browning, 2001 (Browning, , 2000)). In terms of the publication year, three papers were published in the 1980s, four in 2000s, and seventeen in the last decade. The studies countries of origin included Canada (n=3), Turkey (n=3), India (n=5), Iran (n=3), Philippines (n=2), China (n=1), Taiwan (n=1), Thailand (n=2), Brazil (n=1), United Kingdom (n=1) and USA (n=2).
The oldest of the five papers originated in North America and involved input of a music therapist  (Browning, 2001 (Browning, , 2000;; Clark et al. , 1981; Gonzalez, 1989; Hanser et al. , 1983). A remaining 17 of 19 studies were carried out since 2003 in the Middle East (n=6) and Asia (n=11). The smallest sample size was seven  (Hanser et al. , 1983)  and the largest was 241  (Wan and Wen, 2018). Data collection methods varied across the studies and included semi-structured interviews, questionnaires, observations, clinical measurement tools such as Visual Analogue Scale and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, medical records, physical examination, and biophysiological markers such as finger temperature, serum cortisol, maternal hemodynamic parameters and fetal heart rate. Five studies described a music therapy intervention that involved input from a qualified music therapist, five studies described a music listening intervention, while fourteen studies referred to a music therapy intervention without having input or authorship from a qualified music therapist.
Narrative synthesis As recommended by  Patton (2002) , the extracted data was reduced into categories and sub-categories of themes. This process followed the steps of Thematic Content Analysis  (Braun and Clarke, 2006)  which resulted in two overarching themes. The first 'outcomes of using music in childbirth' contained four subthemes related to 'pain', 'anxiety', 'psychological supports' and 'progression of labour'. The second overcharging theme 'music application during childbirth' had four subthemes including 'timing of the music application', 'type of music', 'birth preparation using music' and 'mode of listening' (see Table  5 ). [Table  5.