dataesr/scientific-paragraphs-categorization huggingface dataset:
However, as shown in the sensitivity analyses, which were performed by removing each study one by one, did not change the overall prevalence, it is likely that the huge studies did not influence the results. The biggest, published by  Keyes et al. in 2004, was  based on an analysis of Internet databases from the American Association for the Accreditation of Ambulatory Surgery Facilities. More than 400,000 patients undergoing day surgery were included in this study in which general and infectious complications were screened. Less than 1% of SSI was diagnosed in this cohort of plastic and reconstructive surgery  [62]. Removing the biggest studies, 979,866/1,342,167 patients (i. e. 70%), led to no significant difference in prevalence (overlapping confidence intervals). Moreover, on the 94 sets of data analysed, only two were correlated; indeed, Owens reported the same outcome at two different times (14 days and 30 days post intervention)  [22].
Today, the database of RNA modifications, MODOMICS, includes over 160 modified ribonucleotides  [7]. Although the exact functions of many of them are still elusive, it is known that modified nucleotides can affect mRNA's secondary structure, stability and interaction with other molecules, such as rRNA, tRNA and RNA binding proteins (RBP). The consequent downstream effects include the modulation of transcript processing, half-life, transport and translation efficiency, all of which have a profound effect on cellular functioning  [8, 9]. Some crucial processes, such as cell differentiation, development, sexual determination, circadian rhythm, stress response and pathogenesis are regulated by mRNA chemical modifications  [10, 11]. Although most research dedicated to the topic of epitranscriptomics has been carried out on animal and human models, significant progress in this field has also been made in plants.
Such a method has been applied, for example, for identification of m 6 A enriched transcripts (reviewed in  [69] ). Advances in sequencing will most likely be accompanied by the implementation of new bioinformatic tools, such as databases dedicated to specific modified ribonucleotides. Indeed, in addition to general databases of modified ribonucleotides, such as MODOMICS and RNAMDB  [70, 71] , databases directed for analysis of particular modifications, for example m 6 A, have also been recently introduced (for example  [72] ). In summary, there is increasing evidence that modified ribonucleotides affect mRNA secondary structure and interaction with proteins and other RNA types, leading to changes in transcript processing, stability, localization and translation efficiency. They thus constitute a newly discovered layer of mechanisms regulating gene expression.
, 2011)  toolboxes for Matlab and Matlab customized functions (Matlab 2014, The Mathworks). Data were re-referenced off-line to the average of left and right mastoid electrodes, bandpass filtered from 5 to 100 Hz and then segmented to include 200 ms before and 2000 ms after stimulus onset. Epoched data were normalized based on a prestimulus period of 200 ms, and then evaluated according to a sample-by-sample procedure to remove noisy sensors that were replaced using spherical splines. Additionally, EEG epochs that contained data samples exceeding threshold (100 uV) were excluded on a sensor-by-sensor basis, including horizontal and vertical eye channels. On average, 6. 54 % of the data were interpolated and 4. 71 % of the data rejected. Slow drifts were removed in order to reduce "sawtooth" artifacts in the Fourier spectrum  (Bach & Meigen, 1999).
Acknowledgments This research, carried out within the  Labex BLRI  ( ANR-11-LABX-0036 ) and the  Institute of Convergence ILCB  ( ANR-16-CONV-0002 ), has benefited from support from the  French government , managed by the  French National Agency for Research (ANR)  and the  Excellence Initiative of Aix-Marseille University A*MIDEX  ( ANR-11-IDEX-0001-02 ).
presents a research protocol summary. The search engine was Scopus since it indexes several peer-reviewed databases, and is well-balanced regarding coverage and relevance. Snowballing procedures can mitigate the lack of other search engines and complements the search strategy  (Motta et al. 2016; Matalonga et al. 2017 ). To reduce bias, three researchers executed the review. The process was carried between March and May 2017. Eighty-one articles resulted in the search in Scopus. After the execution of four trials, a selection from title and abstract according to the established criteria, and one level backward/forward snowballing (Wohlin 2014), 12 secondary studies compose the final set. The reviewers read the articles and extracted relevant information according to an extraction form. We used an extraction form to retrieve the following information from the secondary sources: Reference information, Abstract, IoT definition, IoT related terms, IoT application features, IoT application domain, Development Strategies for IoT, Study Type, Study Properties, Challenges and Article focus.
Nowadays, the most common method for acquiring geochronological data from volcanic seamounts is via the 40 Ar/ 39 Ar technique using mineral or groundmass separates (e. g. Verati and Jourdan, 2014). However, materials such as plagioclase or groundmass are also susceptible to K transfer during seawater alteration  (Verati and Jourdan, 2014) , which might prevent obtaining reliable crystallization ages. Any attempt to verify the legitimacy of age trends proposed along seamount chains has to rely on filtered datasets based on strict criteria assessing data quality  (Merle et al. 2009 (Merle et al. , 2018)). The Cretaceous New England seamount (NES) chain, located off the NE US coast is probably the best example in the Atlantic Ocean of a linear seamount chain with an apparent decreasing age trend away from North America coast  (Duncan, 1984; Fig.
The few analysed samples display slightly enriched incompatible element patterns compared to those of normal mid-ocean ridge basalt (MORB). So far, there are no Sr-Nd-Pb isotopic data from the JAR. The few samples investigated for geochronology yielded broadly Cretaceous ages but correspond to statistically-inconsistent 40 Ar/ 39 Ar and K-Ar age data  (Houghton et al. , 1979).
, 2000; D'Oriano et al. , 2010). A variant of this model involves the successive activities of Canary and Madeira hot-spots where TMR is built up by two magmatic phases, the first one during Cretaceous times (>95-80 Ma) related to the Canary mantle plume and the second magmatic activity (16-0. 5 Ma) related to the Madeira mantle plume  (Gelmacher et al. , 2006). These hypotheses are poorly constrained as they rely on a partial dataset and unreliable dates  (Merle et al. , 2009; 2018). It should be noted that the magmatic activity of the Canary Island seamount province (CISP) might have started as early as 142 Ma,  Van den Bogaard, 2013). This suggests that the magmatic activity of the CISP could have been coeval to those of the other Cretaceous magmatic provinces in northern Central Atlantic.
Sr-Nd-Pb isotopes Here we present Sr-Nd-Pb isotopic data for the NES and, for the first time, for the JAR samples. The measured Sr-Nd-Pb isotopic ratios of samples were back-calculated to initial, using an age of 82 Ma from Nashville Seamount (Fig. 5 ) and 91 Ma for Vogel Seamount  (Houghton, 1979). The measured Sr-Nd isotopic ratios of the JAR samples were back-calculated to initials using an age of 76 Ma (Fig. 5 ). As Pb concentrations for these samples were below detection limit and no previously published Pb elemental contents are available, the Pb isotopic data of the JAR samples were not back-calculated to initial isotopic ratios.
A C C E P T E D M A N U S C R I P T stronger contribution of this shallow mantle heterogeneity compared to the other JAR samples. A shallow mantle source is also supported by the nearly flat HREE patterns of these rocks, such a feature precluding residual garnet in the source. It should be noted that the Azores mantle plume has been suggested as an origin of the enriched composition of the MORBs from the northern Oceanographer Fracture Zone area (Ribeiro et al. , 2017 and references therein). We note that the postulated beginning of the Azores hot-spot activity is estimated at 85 Ma based on the assumed age of the Corner seamount and that the main phase of magmatic activity of the Azores province started between 30-20 Ma  (Gente et al. , 2003; Ribeiro et al. , 2017). Regardless of these poor geochronological constraints on the beginning of the Azores mantle plume activity (K-Ar dates on matrix for the Azores magmatic province and no geochronological data for Corner seamounts), the JAR was formed by the MAR at 120 Ma implying a gap of approximately 35 Ma between this magmatic event and the very first evidence of the Azores mantle plume activity.
Isotopic fields for Atlantic MORB, Madeira and Canary Islands from GEOROC database. 207 Pb/ 204 Pb vs. 206 Pb/ 204 Pb and 208 Pb/ 204 Pb vs. 206 Pb/ 204 Pb plots showing the new initial isotopic ratios of NES and other northern Central Atlantic alkaline magmatic provinces. Note that JAR data has not been back-calculated to initial. Same data references as in Fig. 8.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We thank the  International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP) , in particular the IODP core library in Bremen which provided the samples from  DSDP leg 43 , and the  Australia-New Zealand IODP Consortium (ANZIC) , which provided Legacy/Special Analytical Funding for this study. ANZIC is supported by the  Australian Government  through the  Australian Research Council's LIEF funding scheme  [ LE0882854 ] and the  Australian and New Zealand consortium of universities  and government agencies. C. Mayers  and  R. A. Frew  of the  WA Argon lab  are also thanked for providing technical assistance for sample preparation and analysis.
Isotopic fields for Atlantic MORB, Madeira and Canary Islands from GEOROC database. 207 Pb/ 204 Pb vs. 206 Pb/ 204 Pb and 208 Pb/ 204 Pb vs. 206 Pb/ 204 Pb plots showing the new initial isotopic ratios of NES and other northern Central Atlantic alkaline magmatic provinces. Note that JAR data has not been back-calculated to initial. Same data references as in Fig. 8. Fig. 9: Anomalous value of 207 Pb/ 204 Pb ratio from NES 7 (Vogel seamount) is not plotted (see text for further details).
To address this point, direct approaches  [33]  attempted to model the electronic interactions from the Coherent Potential Approximation (CPA) supplemented by the Generalized Perturbation Method (GPM), allowing to provide separately each cluster interaction, while inverse approaches  [34]  postulated a priori Hamiltonian forms (most often pair Hamiltonians) whose coefficients were adjusted by inverse MC simulations, so as to reproduce the values of the observables measured experimentally by neutron and/or X-ray diffraction and/or diffuse scattering. Since the 1990s, with the rise of electronic structure calculations using Density Functional Theory (DFT)  [35, 36] , the energy coefficients have been more and more widely determined by least-squares fit on energies calculated from DFT for a number of atomic structures, referred to as the adjustment structure database (ASDB) in the following.
II-2 Ab initio calculations The ab initio calculations were performed using the VASP Package  [39, 40]  with the PAW-PBE approximation  [41, 42]. Particular care was taken to determine the k-point mesh grid and cut-off energy for the plane-wave development of the pseudo-wave function. A convergence energy criterion of less than 1 meV/atom was used to determine the optimal values of the parameters, i. e. a 20x20x20 k-point grid for a cubic bcc cell containing two Fe atoms and a 500 eV cut-off energy. All calculations included ion as well as supercell relaxations, and were performed with the standard choice µ Fe (init) = 2. 2 µ B for initial Fe magnetic moments, leading in all cases to final µ Fe close to this value. A large part of the ASDB configurations corresponded as clusters of solutes embedded in a bcc Fe supercell.
Strictly speaking, restricting nonconfigurational factors to harmonic phonons and magnons is insufficient, but further refinements are challenging enough to offer much room for future investigations. Moreover as shown above for Fe-Al and below for Fe-Al-Mn, our work suggests that valuable information can also be obtained from such "first-order" corrections. A cornerstone of our approach was the ab initio structure database, as regards both the relevant structures that it should include and the energies that should be affected to them. The latter point was found especially critical for isolated clusters (points, pairs) in otherwise pure bcc Fe, since these configurations correspond to a tricky interplay between two effects, namely the convergence with respect to the ab initio supercell size, and the intuitive decay of pair energies with increasing neighbor range.
Indeed, these two effects are really difficult to disentangle: even for reasonably large supercells such as those used above, the expected decay of binding energies with the pair distance could not always be evidenced without ambiguity, and performing elasticity corrections did not really clarify the situation. From this point of view, it is likely that the quality of the energy spectrum from the ab initio database could be refined, by resorting to much larger computational resources (thousands of atoms). This was however not the scope of the present study, since our primary goal was rather to proceed to an a posteriori check of the modelling through its merits for thermodynamic properties. Keeping this in mind, the selected methodology was successful. Our study also pointed out the remarkable accuracy of the CVM approach for the modelling of Fe-Al and Fe-Al-Mn substitutional alloys.
V Conclusion In this work, we have demonstrated the good ability of ab initio-based pair models for building, from the atomic scale, a reasonable thermodynamic description of chemically complex alloys including substitutional and interstitial elements. To this aim, we have considered the specific case of Al-and Mn-doped ferritic steels of interest in automobile industries. As a main advantage, our approach allows to control the relevance of the various approximations added gradually (selection of ab initio database, range of pair interactions, approximation for the entropy, phonon and magnon non-configurational degrees of freedom…). The modelling for bcc-based Fe-Al and Fe-Al-Mn substitutional alloys could be conveniently achieved by limiting pair interactions to second-neighbour range, which provided results in remarkably good agreement with experiments, for highly documented Fe-Al as well as for the more scarcely studied Fe-Al-Mn system.
ACKNOWLEGDMENTS This work was performed in the framework of the ANR-13-RMNP-0002 MeMnAl Steels funded by the Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR). This project was also supported by the competitive cluster "Materalia". the number of S' neighbor sites in the q th neighbor shell of a given S site. The 〈 $ 〉 A2 part is written along the same lines, and:.
Acknowledgements. We thank  Xavier Capet  for fruitful discussions, for his careful reading of the paper and pertinent comments. We thank  Rémi Tailleux  and  Jacyra Soares  for their precise and constructive reviews, which permitted us to improve this article greatly. Review statement. This paper was edited by  Neil Wells  and reviewed by  Remi Tailleux  and  Jacyra Soares.
Data availability. The water-leaving reflectances were obtained from the SeaWiFS daily reflectances provided by NASA/GSFC/DAAC (https://oceancolor. gsfc. nasa. gov/data/ seawifs/, last access: December 2019) observed at the top of the atmosphere (TOA). The atmospheric correction was reprocessed at LOCEAN (Farikou et al. , 2015). The reflectances are available at the following website: http://poacc. locean-ipsl. upmc. fr/ (last access: April 2019). The altimeter products are available from AVISO (Archiving, Validation, and Interpretation of Satellite Oceanographic) at https://www. aviso. altimetry. fr/ (last access: December 2019). We used gridded sea level heights and derived variables (types of dataset: Ssalto/Duacs gridded multi-mission altimeter products). The Ssalto/Duacs altimeter products are produced and distributed by the Copernicus Marine and Environment Monitoring Service (CMEMS) (http://marine.
copernicus. eu; last access: July 2019). The wind data are available at the following address: https://www. ecmwf. int/en/forecasts/datasets/ reanalysis-datasets/era-interim (last access: December 2019). They come from the global atmospheric reanalysis that is available from 1 January 1979 to 31 August 2019 (see the report by Berrisford, P. , Dee, D. P. , Poli, P. , Brugge, R. , Fielding, M. , Fuentes, M. , Kållberg, P. W. , Kobayashi, S. , Uppala, S. , published in 2011 at https://www. ecmwf. int/node/8174; last access: July 2019). The data can also be made available upon request to the authors.
A more global objective is to ensure the fair management of all patients as acceptable off-label prescriptions are validated based on a consensus. We developed the thesaurus following a close analysis of American (Infectious Diseases Society of America) and European guidelines (European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases) to collect quality evidence levels for the various clinical situations. When recommendations were lacking, we looked for other specific scientific articles using the PubMed® database. Off-label prescriptions were also indexed based on the prospective monitoring of off-label indications performed by the pharmacies as part of the CBU. We also performed a comparative analysis of the marketing authorizations of antifungal agents listed in our facility to identify other off-label situations that would have otherwise be missed in clinical practice.
3. 2) Allometric and physiological traits: inter-orbital distance, dry mass and body water content For experimental condition, the inter-orbital distance (i. e. minimal distance between the two composed eyes) of N. vitripennis adult males was measured immediately after the death of each male. In parasitoid wasps, there is evidence that the inter-orbital distance is positively correlated to adult body size, and can be conveniently used as a good body size estimator  (Lacoume et al. , 2006). Pictures of adult male heads were taken under a binocular microscope Leica MZ6 and the inter-orbital distance was measured using the ImageJ software  (Schneider et al. , 2012). A total of 290 males was used for this assay (AsymC/T0 n=31 ; AsymC/T10 n=30 ; AsymC/T24 n=31 ; Cor/T0 n=20 ; Cor/T10 n=20 ; Cor/T24 n=50 ; Oul/T0 n=20 ; Oul/T10 n=30 ; Oul/T24 n=58).
To examine the effects of exposure at 25 or 36 °C for 10 or 24h on the metabolome of the wasps, a principal component analysis (PCA) was assessed on the metabolic dataset. For this analysis, we conserved the first four axes that explained about 70% of the total variance of the data. ANOVAs were performed on these axes to identify those explaining metabolic variations among lines in response to thermal treatments (i. e. significance of interacting factors "line*temperature*exposure_duration" and/or "line*temperature"). PC scores of both metabolic (variables) and experimental group (factors) were plotted to identify which metabolites contributed to the separation of the groups. Metabolites defined as significant according to the "Mardia Criterium" (i. e. metabolites whose absolute value is 0.
3) Metabolic profiling Forty-six metabolites were detected and quantified from the 24 samples. Three samples were discarded from the subsequent analyses, as they were detected as outliers showing abnormal metabolite concentrations (Oul: one biological replicate with insects exposed at 36 °C for 24h, and two others from the pupae exposed at 25 °C for 10 and 24h). The first four PCs of the PCA explained about 70% of the total variation of the dataset (Table  4 ). The response to thermal stress of the groups of metabolites loaded in PC1 and PC3 depended on the tested lines (see interactions between line and temperature in table 4). PC1 was mainly negatively loaded by valine, threonine, glycerol, glucose, glutamic acid, phosphoric acid, leucine, glyceric acid, arabitol, isoleucine, inositol, serine, lysine, ethanolamine, proline, phenylalanine, alanine and ornithine (Figure  2 ).
Computer Simulations A multiscale computer model was constructed to determine conditions for the BrPh ECG in patients with hyperkalemia. The model was based on several parameters, including electrophysiological dynamics, transmural differences in cell type, fiber orientation, and fibrosis at varying extracellular potassium concentrations ([K+]o) ranging between 5. 4 and 10. 5 mmol/L. A human wedge model of the anterior ventricular wall, including both ventricles and the RVOT, was created using a reference geometry (normal young male), available for the ECGSIM software. 20 The mesh contained 281 191 nodes and 1 460 832 elements with a mean edge length of 290. 8AE296. 6 lm. Human ventricular cell dynamics and action potential morphologies of cell types were simulated using the O'Hara-Rudy model,  21  with modifications in the sodium current suggested by Dutta et al,  22  which enabled realistic simulations under hyperkalemic conditions.
Statistical Analyses Categorical variables are reported as number and percentage and were compared using Fisher's exact test or the chi-square test, as appropriate. For continuous variables, normal distribution was assessed by the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and are reported as meanAESD or median and interquartile range, depending on whether they were normally or non-normally distributed. Continuous variables comparisons were made using the Student t test or nonparametric tests, as appropriate. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to identify predictors of a BrPh ECG in patients with severe hyperkalemia. Analyses were performed using SPSS software (version 22; SPSS, Inc, Chicago, IL), and statistical significance was established at P<0. 05.
The determination of the overall hydrodynamics is done by the study of input and output data resulting in the calculation of system conversion and global balances. Obviously, the main tool for reactor networks determination is fluid tracing. A known tracer distribution is injected in input and measurements of the output give the Residence Time Distribution (RTD) functions as explained in Danckwerts  [21]. The analysis of RTD functions gives a possible network of "virtual" ideal reactors that is representative of the global fluid dynamics system (see Figure  1  left) (Hocine et al. [37] , Laquerbe et al. [53] ). The representative structure is not necessarily unique and could be improved by getting information such as geometry (reactor shape, size) or mixing device position and energy provided to the fluid.
Cheyroux claims that humanizing data and mere facts can be quite efficient. The final two articles in this special issue of InMedia deal with the same producer/ distributor of documentaries, the BBC, both focusing on scientific documentaries. In her article "Documenting and Popularising British Nuclear Power: Exploring Science Infotainment," Lucie de Carvalho compares two recent TV documentaries on nuclear energy. She argues with vivid examples that dramatizations have clear political functions. By using clearly identified hosts and by relying on entertaining strategies, the two documentaries she studies tend to frame the nuclear debate within a broad acceptance of nuclear agency. In his article, "The BBC and Disaster Films: From Education to Entertainment," Georges Fournier very clearly argues that entertaining strategies tend to blur the expected purview of BBC documentaries.