dataesr/scientific-paragraphs-categorization huggingface dataset:
Methods: Major Australian print newspaper (n=17) articles on plain packaging were sourced through the Australian/New Zealand Reference Centre and Factiva online databases. Articles (n=701) were collected over the 7 year duration of the policy debate and pre-and post-implementation from January 2008 to December 2014. Content analysis regarding article type, topic and frame was undertaken. Results: Print media coverage of plain packaging was initially low  (2008) (2009)  and increased during the legislative process, and lead up to implementation. Print media coverage declined substantially post-implementation. News articles were the most common form of coverage (79. 6%), followed by editorials (14. 3%). Updates on progress of the policy were most commonly discussed (29. 4%) followed by the tobacco industry's response to the proposed legislation including 'nanny state' objections (18.
Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among 154 randomly selected premises licensed as bar and restaurant after adjusting for finite population in 2013. The managers of the premises were purposively selected while participants were conveniently observed. Observation checklist and interviewer administered questionnaires were used for data collection. Three outcome variables; prevalence, compliance and enforcement of Smoke Free Policies were assessed. Analysis was done using SPSS (Version 16. 0) and data summarized using frequencies.
Conclusions: The PPE tool was demonstrated as valid and   were conducted in 2006 were conducted in , 2010 were conducted in , 2012 were conducted in , 2014 (Eurobarometer 66. 2, 72. 3, 77. 1, 82. 4) (Eurobarometer 66. 2, 72. 3, 77. 1, 82. 4)    Analyses were restricted to persons who reported visiting each environment. Estimates were calculated separately for all adults and nonsmokers; nonsmokers were defined as those who answered "not at all" to the question, "Do you currently smoke tobacco on a daily basis, less than daily, or not at all?" Data were weighted and analyzed using SPSS V. 24. Results: Among all adults who visited each environment, country-.
Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted in Unguja Island of Zanzibar, Tanzania. Four hundred and seventy five heads of households were randomly selected and ten key informants were purposefully selected and interviewed. Household exposure to tobacco smoke was assessed based on responses about current smoking history among household members at home, working places and public transport. Descriptive statistics using SPSS (version 16. 0) was performed. The proportion of households that reported exposure from tobacco smoke was obtained. Chi-square test was used to compare sets of nominal data; P-value of less than 0. 05 was considered not significant, while thematic analysis was used to generate report for qualitative data. Results: Prevalence of daily exposure to tobacco smoke at work places was 19.
The study was conducted to identify and show the current GHW implementation and challenges in Bangladesh and the sample collection period of the study was January 2017 to April 2017. Methods: Out of 64, survey was conducted in 25 Districts and both qualitative and quantitative techniques, semi structured questionnaire and observational methods used to conduct the study. GHWs in all types of tobacco products were observed. 3 retail shops and 3 wholesale shops selected from each district. A research team was developed and organized a workshop regarding tobacco control law and GHW implementation for effectiveness and quality of the study and Excel software was used to analyze the data. Results: Total 5234 tobacco products was investigated, 1757 smoking tobacco (1497 Cigarette packets and 260 Bidi packets) and 3477 smokeless tobacco (3263 different packs of Jarda and 214 Gul).
Core components of addiction are liking, learning, and wanting. We provide an overview of e-cigarette flavors related to these aspects of addiction, including differences between youth and adults, and smokers and non-smokers. In addition, we aim to identify e-liquid flavors that are representative for different flavor categories (e. g. sweet, fruit, tobacco). Methods: A systematic literature review was performed in May 2017 using PubMed and EMBASE databases. Key words included terms to capture concepts associated with e-cigarettes, flavors, liking, learning, and wanting in articles published from database inception to the search date. Results were independently screened (0. 92 Cohen's Kappa) and reviewed. Results: Searches yielded 387 unique studies of which 32 were included. Research designs varied between cross-sectional, experimental, mixed-method, case study, and longitudinal.
Household with better economic status were likely to consume more tobacco, start smoking at younger age and had higher number of friends smoking together. Methods: Kenya GATS was a multi-stage, clustered, nationally representative survey of persons above 15 years. We conducted secondary analysis of the dataset, with age, sex, education level, residence, occupation as exposure variables and tobacco use the outcome variable. Accounting for complex survey sampling, we calculated descriptive statistics for tobacco use. We used logistic regression to calculate prevalence odds ratios (POR) and confidence intervals (CI) to identify factors independently associated with tobacco use.
Methods: This study was conducted in three hospitals in KZN between September and December 2016. Eligible participants, who had DR-TB and self-reported as smokers were asked to complete a questionnaire which was administered by trained interviewers. The questionnaire, which was adapted from the global adult tobacco survey, included questions about smoking behaviour, types of cigarettes smoked and attempts at cessation. The questionnaire has been previously shown to be reliable. The study data were analysed using SPSS.
Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 1558 students of 7th, 8th and 9th grades in 50 randomly selected government schools. Students were asked about smokeless tobacco use, perceptions of harm associated with these products and family use of tobacco products. The results were analyzed using SPSS. Results: Mava 2. 8% (n=44) was the most commonly reported form of smokeless tobacco ever used by students followed by mishri 2. 2% (n=34), gutkha 1. 9% (n=30) and khaini 1. 2% (n=19). Male students were more likely to report both current and ever use of smokeless tobacco compared to female students (p=0. 03). (71. 9%, n=1120) students reported gutkha harmful to health. Students who used smokeless tobacco were significantly less likely to believe that smokeless tobacco are harmful (p=0.
Conclusions and key recommendations: Methods: Secondary analyses were conducted on three crosssectional datasets from nationally representative Household Consumer Expenditure Surveys (CES)  (1999-2000; 2004-05 and 2011-12). Their sample sizes varied between 100,000-125,000 households. The CES collected information on consumption and expenditure of 350 food and non-food items. Outcomes were: any bidi/cigarette consumption in the household during the past 30 days; and monthly consumption of bidi/cigarette sticks per person. DID two-part models were used to compare changes in outcomes over time and between districts with NTCP and without NTCP implemented, adjusting for socio-demographic characteristics and time-based heterogeneity. Results: There were no significant reductions in the proportion of households reporting bidi (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 1•04, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0•84-1•28) or cigarette consumption (AOR: 1•01, 95% CI 0•82-1•26 ) in NTCP districts compared with non-NTCP districts.
Among households that reported any bidi/ cigarette consumption, we observed an overall reduction in the monthly per person consumption of bidi/cigarette sticks over time. However, these reductions were not significantly different between NTCP and non-NTCP districts (adjusted coefficients were: 0•07 bidi sticks, 95% CI -0•13-0•28 bidi sticks; and -0•002 cigarette sticks, 95% CI -0•26-0•26 cigarette sticks). Methods: Dataset covered a nationally representative sample of 9,629 respondents extracted from Global Adult Tobacco Survey, Bangladesh and used CART techniques for its suitability than others such as, binary logistic regression, multinomial logistic regression, chi-squared automatic interaction detector, quick unbiased statistical test.
Results: From 2012 to 2016, the outpatient volume of smoking cessation clinic in Beijing Chaoyang Hospital was gradually increasing every year. The largest increase was found in 2016 (1405 outpatients), in which the outpatient volume rose 82. 1 percent from 2015, and reached 3. 1 times of that in 2012. There were significant differences both in outpatient volume and in return visit ratio between before and after the implementation (all P< 0. 001). In average, the peaks of outpatient volume appeared in March, June, August, September, and December, whereas the troughs appeared in January, February, April, May, July, and November. [ Intervention or response: Safe Zone is a Software tool that helps to identify tobacco outlets in and around EI. The technology used was Google MAP API, Google Maps, HTML5 / CSS3 / Java Script, GPS -Global Positioning System and GPRS -Data connection, Geo-coordinates algorithm.
Methods: All the patients at the registration desk of the hospital were randomly selected during May 2015. A total of 626 patients having any form of addiction were enrolled in this cross sectional study after taking written informed consent. They were interviewed in vernacular language using a validated semistructured questionnaire. After counseling them for quitting tobacco use, their readiness to quit was enquired and those willing were referred to de-addiction clinic in Psychiatry department. Data was entered and analysed using Epi Info Software.
Conclusions and key recommendations: Methods: Data from the 2013 DHS survey in Nigeria was analysed. The dataset examined tobacco use in a nationally representative sample of 38,740 women and violence experience in a subset of 27,634 women aged 15 -49 years. Logistic regression models were fitted to derive adjusted odds of association between tobacco use and violence experience or perpetration in various domains, controlling for the effect of geographic location and womens' education.
Methods: We searched Medline and fourteen other databases up to September 2016. Studies in English, reporting the differential impacts by SES of SFL on smoking-related morbidity and mortality among adults (≥18 years) were eligible. Following data extraction, quality and risk of bias among the included studies were assessed using the Cochrane EPOC and EPHPP criteria. Harvest plot and narrative methods were used to illustrate either i)neutral effect of SFL on inequalities, ii) positive effect (greater benefits among lower SES groups, iii) negative effect (greater benefits among higher SES groups) or iv) mixed/unclear effect. Results: Eight studies (six interrupted time-series and two before-after studies), all from high-income countries were included; five studies examined the impact of comprehensive SFL and three the impact of partial SFL.
Methods: A cross-sectional study of 399 non-smoking adults (18yrs and over) was conducted by systematic sampling. Interviewer administered modified GATS questionnaire was used to obtain responses from drivers, conductors, traders and passengers on socio-demographics, SHS exposure, perceived risk of SHS exposure and knowledge of the national tobacco law. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 21. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were conducted with statistical significance at 95% confidence interval.
Methods: A systematic review of original articles published up to August 2016 was performed using PubMed and Web of Science databases. The search strategy combined the topics "SEIS", "aerosol", and "second-hand exposure". The studies included in the selected articles were described according to whether they focused on aerosols produced by humans (SHA) or generated by smoking machines (first-hand aerosol, FHA), including aerosol composition and the exposure to, or effects of, the aerosol in humans. Results: Some articles included more than one study, thus 62 studies from 58 publications were included into the final review. Twenty studies focused on SHA (18 analyzed its composition and 2 assessed human exposure) and 45 studies focused on FHA (43 analyzed its composition and 2 assessed human exposure).
Conclusions Methods: Age-adjusted lung cancer mortality rates by gender and for eight federal districts and 83 regions were calculated based on mortality and population data extracted from the Russian Fertility and Mortality Database. Annual percentage changes in age-adjusted lung cancer mortality on the national and federal district levels were estimated, and average age-adjusted lung cancer mortality rates were mapped. Two-way ANOVA was applied to assess time-district interaction effects on lung cancer mortality. Results: Age-adjusted lung cancer mortality rates were consistently higher in eastern and central regions of Russia. At the national level, a monotonic decline in lung cancer mortality during the 16-year period was noted among men (annual % change = 1. 9%), while among women, national lung cancer mortality rates remained unchanged for most years.
Methods: We adapt the Cancer Intervention and Surveillance Modeling Network (CISNET) microsimulation model to estimate the population health effects of four tobacco control interventions in the United States: 1) cigarette taxes, 2) smoke-free air laws, 3) tobacco control program expenditures, and 4) the minimum age of legal access to tobacco. The results of these simulations were pregenerated and then integrated into the Tobacco Control Policy (TCP) tool, a dynamic, interactive web-based user interface that allows the user to specify their own proposed policy conditions and explore the estimated effects of that policy on population health outcomes in the US through 2060. Three rounds of usability testing were conducted with experts in tobacco control during web development to improve the interface and ensure that it was responsive to user needs.
Conclusions: The preliminary results support further examination of contingency management as a strategy for initially motivating unwilling waterpipe smokers to quit. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study using a selfadministered questionnaire via post, to collect information from the participants across Thailand. The participants were community pharmacists who provided smoking cessation services in their community pharmacies. Main outcomes were 5 A's activities provided by the community pharmacists. The participants were asked about their performing 5 A's in smoking cessation services in which they were asked to rate their frequency of 5 A's practices in one of 4 categories: all the time, often, rarely, and never. Descriptive statistics were carried out for data analysis using STATA software.
Conclusions: Methods: A total of 72 out of 87 (83%) vocational schools in Denmark participated in an electronic survey on health promotion activities and implementation capacity with a least one respondent. Overall a total of 185 respondents from management and 345 teaching staff participated (n=530). Data was analyzed in SPSS using univariate and multilevel modelling to detect differences between managers and staff in attitudes towards TFS and to identify characteristics of progressive TFS schools (28 schools) compared to non-progressive schools (44). Results: Staff were more positive than managers towards future implementation of TFS (p< 0,05). Size of school (increasing size), gender (having a female manager), school type (health and teaching) and school health promotion profile (more initiatives and policies in general) were associated with being more positive towards TFS at the school level.
Conclusions and key recommendations: The authors, respectively professors of medicine and law, have extensive academic and political experience in youth access issues including MLA 21, policy advocacy, and tobacco control legal issues. This presentation will review best practices for crafting clear and enforceable policy language designed to raise the MLA, and frame the scientific, social, and legal arguments necessary to win public and legislative support. Intervention or response: Data were collected in some selected communities in Greater Accra targeting aged 15-18 years to ascertain the level of compliance to cigarette sales to and by minor and sales close to schools as enshrined in the law. Retailers and community members were interviewed. The findings of this exercise was shared with stakeholders.
Intervention or response: In response, the American Cancer Society launched the Tobacco-Free Generation Campus Initiative (TFGCI) in 2016, which targets students, faculty, staff and visitors at a variety of academic institutions -from small community colleges to large research universities -across the country. TFGCI provides financial support to colleges and universities to pursue campaigns to adopt and implement comprehensive tobacco-free policies and is supported by the CVS Health Foundation. Grantees also receive technical assistance and materials. TFGCI advises campus leaders and students on advocacy best practices, policy adoption, implementation and enforcement issues, cessation strategies and communications, and includes an evaluation component.
Methods: We analyzed Wave 2 youth data from the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) study. PATH is a nationally representative survey of 12,172 youth aged 12-17 and adults, living in the United States. This dataset provides information on whether a participant is Mexican, Cuban, Puerto Rican, or of another Hispanic heritage. We examined differences in susceptibility to use and ever use of four tobacco products (cigarettes, e-cigarettes, cigarillos and hookah) among Hispanic youth. We also examined correlates of susceptibility and use. Results: Mexican, Cuban, Puerto Rican and other Hispanic youth were more likely than non-Hispanic youth to be susceptible to hookah use (ORs=1. 7, 2. 5, 1. 5 and 1. 6, respectively), while Mexican American and other Hispanic youth were more likely than non-Hispanic youth to be susceptible to e-cigarette use (ORs=1.
This qualitative study explores the experiences of young people in Europe in accessing cigarettes. Methods: Over 50 focus groups were carried out with 15-17 year olds in seven countries across Europe (Belgium, Finland, Germany, Ireland, Italy, the Netherlands, Portugal). Most participants were 15, and all were below the legal age of sale in their country. Focus groups were conducted in the dominant national language and recorded, transcribed and translated into English. Data were analysed to identify key themes in young people's accounts of how they and their peers source cigarettes. Results: Ability to access cigarettes was reported in all focus groups. Sources included direct purchase (from shops, vending machines, bars/cafes); proxy purchase (where an older person buys on their behalf); and reciprocal peer sharing arrangements.
Methods: A cross sectional study was employed both quantitative and qualitative methods. The quantitative study was used to determine knowledge, attitude, and practice towards smoking cessation therapy of the health workers. For these 323 participants were selected from five health professional groups. Self-administered questionnaires were used for data collection and descriptive statistics, bivarate and multivariate analysis were done in SPSS. In the qualitative study twelve Key informants from central, regional, zonal and district levels were selected to respond on health systems responsiveness. Then the qualitative data was transcribed, translated and thematized. Results: Majority 306(97. 5%) health care providers had below average level of practicing smoking cessation intervention, 70.
Conclusions: The website has been well received by the tobacco control community with almost 1,600 visits from all over the world; however, more diffusion has to be made to stimulate its use and reach a larger audience in the future that could probably extend the use of the scale for tobacco control purposes. Methods: This was a cross sectional study carried out among community members in Kenya. Three hundred and ten study participants were selected to participate in the study. A convenience sampling technique was adopted during recruitment of the study participants. This was achieved through administering questionnaires, data was entered in Microsoft access database and later exported to SPSS for analysis. Descriptive statistics was done to report frequencies of variables and inferential statistics for categorical variables.
E-mail: iftekharulhuq. 12@gmail. com Background: Taxing tobacco is among the most effective measures of tobacco control. However, in a tiered market structure where multiple tiers of taxes co-exist the anticipated impact of tobacco taxes on consumption is complex. This paper investigates changing smoking behavior in lieu of rising prices and changing income. The objective of the paper is to evaluate the effectiveness of change in prices (through taxes) and change in income in a price-tiered cigarette market. Do taxes successfully lead smokers to reduce consumption or simply move to a different price tier? How do income change affect smoking behavior? Methods: A panel dataset from the ITC Bangladesh surveys is used for the analysis. The nature of dataset allowed for observing the impact of tax and income change on the smoking behavior of the same individual over a length of three years.
Methods: List of chemical compounds present in various SLT products was extracted by exhaustive searching the peer-reviewed research articles, IARC monographs, published books and reports using various combinations of keywords. Chemical composition, pH, moisture and free nicotine content along with brandwise and country-wise information of each SLT product were recorded. Physicochemical properties and target information of SLT chemicals was extracted from PubChem, ChemSpider and ChEMBL databases. Results: All the data related to chemical composition of different smokeless tobacco products were compiled in a freely available and user-friendly database. This database contains information about 173 chemicals present in 161 different SLT products. Information regarding types of smokeless tobacco products, their trade or brand names and geographical locations and origin are also provided in this database.
Conclusions: This database was developed to organize the data on SLT chemicals and their related content for better visualization and retrieval. This is the only one stop, open source, user friendly database that provides comprehensive information about the chemical composition of various smokeless tobacco products. Tob. Induc. Dis. 2018;16(Suppl 1):A594 DOI:10. 18332/tid/84381 12:30-14:00 PS-924-1 Consistency of self-report of smoking status among Korean young women estimation of smoking prevalence is important in a smoking cessation policy. Previous study using the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) data compared women's self-report and urinary cotinine, and found that smoking prevalence is underestimated by self-report suggesting smoking concealment by female smokers due to stigma and cultural influence.
Conclusions: Methods: A literature search was conducted using PubMed, Google scholar, tobaccocontrollaws. org databases for all articles from January 1st, 2005 to May 2017 with the following search terms in the title, abstract, or keywords: 'smokeless tobacco', 'snuff', 'chewing tobacco', 'dip tobacco', 'tobacco regulation', 'SLT ban', tobacco', or 'SLT import ban', 'SLT sale ban', 'SLT manufacturing'. In the first stage of screening, an internal protocol was used to screen the titles and abstracts for all records according to a pre-defined selection criteria. In the second stage of search the WHO FCTC reports, previous CoP reports, WHO expert consultation reports were scrutinized to obtain desired information.