dataesr/scientific-paragraphs-categorization huggingface dataset:
HOW WE WORKED ON THE WORK: AN EXPLORATION OF METHOD While approaching Nan Hoover's work, we started intuitively with a close reading of it as it is available at LIMA. 10 We went from watching the whole body of video works to choosing individual pieces and specific aspects we found striking. From general qualities, like the use of either black and white or colour, the slow pace of bodies in motion, or the repetition, variation, and duration of a work, we moved on to more specific features. We considered the kind of body that is appearing in Hoover's play with the obscuring and uncovering of spatial depth. She often turns her body or body parts into objects or surfaces via the manipulation of perspective, the depth of field, and pace in the videos. During a residency at Amsterdam University Theatre in June 2016, we explored the videos, streaming them from the online LIMA database and beaming them onto a big screen on the stage of the theatre.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We want to express our gratitude to artists  E. M. de Melo e Castro ,  Manoel Barbosa , and  Vânia Rovisco  for their abundant generosity. Thank you to  Vânia Rovisco  and her colleagues for allowing us to observe and experience their process, which was so influential for us. Thank you also to the reviewers and the editors for all the comments that led to the improvement of this paper. A final thank you to  Cláudia Madeira ,  Rita Macedo , and  Margarida Alves  for all the meaningful and intellectual exchanges, without which this research would not be possible. Finally, this fieldwork research that led to writing this paper and our PhD dissertations was supported by the  Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia  ( SFRH/BD/90040/2012 ,  PD/BD/105900/2014 ). IHC is financed by the  Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia , I.
XRF spectrometer: experimental and measurement parameters The employed XRF portable instrument consists of a miniature X-ray tube system, which includes the X-ray tube (max voltage of 40 kV, max current of 0. 2 mA, target Rh, collimator 1 or 2 mm), the power supply, the control electronics and the USB communication for remote control; a Silicon Drift Detector (SDD) with a 125-140 eV FWHM @ 5. 9 keVMn Kα line Energy Resolution (depends on peaking time and temperature); keV-40 keV Detection range of energy; max rate of counts to 5. 6 × 10 cps; Amptek DpppMCA software for acquiring the XRF spectra and OriginPro 8. 5 for data processing. Primary beam and detector axis form an angle of 0 and 40 • respectively with the perpendicular to the sample surface. Measurement parameters were as follows: tube voltage 35 kV; current 80 μA, acquisition time 100s; no filter was applied between the X-Ray tube and the sample; distance between sample and detector around 1 cm.
Infrared spectroscopy FTIR-EGA were carried out by means of a BRUKER Tensor 27 instrument, coupled to the STA 449 F3 apparatus by a transfer line heated at temperature of 200 • C. Netzsch Proteus 6. 1. 0 (NETZSCH-Gerätebau GmbH) and Opus 7. 2 software (Bruker Optics GmbH) were used for data analysis. Starting materials and SMZNs were also examined with a Bruker Alpha FTIR spectrometer in Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR) mode (128 scans at spectral resolution of 4 cm -1 in a spectral range of 400-4000 cm -1 ). Processing of spectra was carried out by Opus 7. 2 software (Bruker Optics GmbH).
Unfortunately, the French economists did not take advantage of the experiences of other monetary unions, such as in Germany or the Scandinavian countries. Unlike Swedish economists -Knut Wicksell or Gustav Cassel, to name a few -who were well known for their intense engagement in scientific as well as public debates even at the international level, the French economists at the time tended to be rather parochial, lacking international recognition due to their having confined themselves to local political and institutional issues. 5 he present article looks at how the idea of the lender of last resort was discussed in the context of the Latin Monetary Union. Specifically, it focuses on two opposing views on the LMU and its problems, as adopted by French economists at the time. This article uses the resources available in the archives of the Banque de France in Paris as well as the Gallica database, an encyclopaedic library that holds printed documents from the 19 th century which are relevant for this article.
Acknowledgements. This research was funded by French National Research Agency (ANR)  [Grant:  ANR-19-CE08-0021 ] and  Region Nouvelle Aquitaine  [Grant:  APPR2020-2019-8193110 ] and from  European Union 's  Horizon 2020 research & innovation program  under the  Marie Skłodowska-Curie  grant agreement No  823941.
Acknowledgments. The author is grateful to the editors and three anonymous readers for their close engagement throughout the review process, which was of immense help in strengthening this article. For their generous feedback on earlier drafts, sincere thanks are owed to  Daniel Epstein ,  Anthony Lanz ,  John McCormick ,  Thomas Meyer ,  Anjali Mohan ,  Amadou Korbinian Sow ,  Samuel Zeitlin , and  Linda Zerilli. The author would also like to thank the archivists at Landesarchiv NRW in Duisburg as well as the  Staatsbibliothek (Rara-Sammlung ) and the  Archives of the Max Planck Society in Berlin.
The major elemental compositions of SiO 2 , TiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , Na 2 O, K 2 O, CaO, MgO, MnO, FeO, and P 2 O 5 were obtained by a Bruker S2 Puma Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectrometer (EDS-XRF) spectrometer equipped with a silver anode X-ray tube (software: Spectra Elements 2. 0), using a methodology described elsewhere  64. The quantitative data were obtained using a regression method with 19 siliceous standard reference materials (SRMs) from USGS SRM: GSP-2, SBC-1, BCR-2, BHVO-2, BIR-1A, DTS-2B, SGR-1B, SDC-1, QLO-1, AVG-2, COQ-1, MINTEK SRM: SARM-52, STSD-3 Natural Resource Canada SRM: STSD-3, LGC SRM: SXO7-10, and NCS SRM: DC 60105, DC 73028, DC 61101, DC 62108c, DC 73309. Microanalysis of the samples was performed by a HITACHI S-3700N variable pressure scanning electron microscope operated with an accelerating voltage of 20 kV and a chamber pressure of 40 Pa and a Bruker XFlash 5010 silicon drift detector (SDD) with a resolution of 129 eV at Mn Ka.
The EDS elemental data were acquired by point microanalysis and in the form of elemental distribution maps. The SEM images were captured in backscattering (BSE) mode. Minor and trace element compositions were obtained using an Agilent 8800 ICP-MS Trip Quad system. All reagents used were of suprapur or OPTIMA grade. For the preparation of standard solutions, ultrapure water (18. 2 MΩcm, Milli-Q, Millipore Integral 3, Darmstadt, Germany) and nitric acid Suprapur grade (65. 0%, Merck) were used. The equipment was calibrated according to the standard calibration procedure with an Agilent Technologies tuning solution. The ICP-MS tuning solution used contains 10 μg/L each of Ce, Co, Li, Tl, and Y in a 2% HNO 3 matrix (Agilent Technologies, Palo Alto, CA, USA). Prior to the analysis, equipment sensitivity was optimised, and oxide formation (< 1.
The general instrumental conditions, the analytes of interest and their integration times are illustrated in Supplement 9, Table  S3. For the quantification of the analytes of interest, the external calibration method was applied, and a calibration curve was built using multi-elemental standards (ICP-MS-68-A and ICP-MS-68-B; High Purity Standards, Charleston, SC, USA) in a matrix of 2% HNO 3. The calibration curve was made of 8 different levels with concentrations: 0, 50, 100, 200, 400, 800, 1600 and 3000 ppb. Ru, Rh, and Ir were added online along the measurements and used as internal standards to correct possible instrumental drifts and matrix effects. Two certified reference materials (CRMs) from the United States Geological Survey (USGS) (CRMs: AGV-2, Guano Valley Andesite and W2-a, Centerville Survey) were measured after each set of 10 samples to evaluate the quality of the data and to validate the analytical method.
CRMs and sample digestion blanks were included in all analytical runs. The limit of detection (LoD) was experimentally performed by measuring 11 replicates of a blank solution and of a 200 ppb standard solution. The LoD was calculated using the standard deviation of the 11 blanks (σ blank ) applied in the following equation: LoD = 3σ blank 200/(CPS 200ppb -CPS blank ). The limit of quantification (LoQ) was calculated as LoQ = 10LoD. The selected elements, their respective collision/reaction gas mode along with the detection and quantification limits (LoD and LoQ), presented in ppb (parts per billion), are given in Supplement 9, Table  S4. The detected levels for tantalum are below the LoDs and thus are not included in the results. Germanium, tungsten and bismuth are not certified. The research methodology was designed, applying a multi-analytical approach, to collect complementary data relevant to the research questions listed above.
Acknowledgements We acknowledge the government of Angola for the support provided during the excavations in Mbanza Kongo. We acknowledge the  European Research Council  for funding the KongoKing research project ( ERC Starting Grant  No. 284126  granted to  Prof. Koen Bostoen , http:// kongo king. net/). We wish to thank the  Institut des Musées Nationaux du Congo (IMNC)  and its then director,  Dr. J. Imbongo , for providing constant aid to the KongoKing research project over the five years of its work. We are grateful to  T. Katrakazis ,  Y. Helvaci ,  Dr. A. F. Maurer ,  Dr. M. Costa  and  J. Milic  for their constructive aid in preparing the manuscript. The authors would also like to thank  M. Triantafyllidou  for the illustrations on the grand plans (Supplement 2). We acknowledge  M. Beltrame  for technical support in the petrographic analysis.
We are also thankful to  Dr. E. Nodarou ,  M. Tzari  and  S. Velez  for technical support in thin-section manufacturing. We are also grateful to  Dr. T. Brogan ,  INSTAP Study Center for East Crete , for access to the equipment for thin-section manufacturing in W. A. McDonald Laboratory of Petrography. This work has been financially supported by the  UIDB/04449/2020  and  UIDP/04449/2020  projects, funded by  Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT)  and by the  European Regional Development Fund.
This dataset is related to the research article entitled "A fast method to measure the degree of oxidation of dialdehyde celluloses using multivariate calibration and infrared spectroscopy". In this article, 74 dialdehyde cellulose samples with different degrees of oxidation were prepared by periodate oxidation and analysed by Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) and near-infrared spectroscopy (NIR). The corresponding degrees of oxidation were determined indirectly by periodate consumption using UV spectroscopy at 222 nm and by the quantitative reaction with hydroxylamine hydrochloride followed by potentiometric titration. Partial least squares regression (PLSR) was used to correlate the infrared data with the corresponding degree of oxidation (DO). The developed NIR/PL SR and FTIR/PL SR models can easily be implemented in other laboratories to quickly and reliably predict the degree of oxidation of dialdehyde celluloses.
Subject Chemistry and Chemometrics Specific subject area Pulp chemistry and carbohydrate polymers Type of data Tables, spectroscopic data and Opus files How the data were acquired (1) Infrared (IR) spectra: -NIR: MPA Multi-Purpose Analyzer (Bruker, Billerica, MA) with a fibre optic probe and a Te-InGaAs detector (10 kHz) -FTIR: Frontier FTIR spectrophotometer (PerkinElmer, Waltham, MA, USA) (2) Degree of oxidation (DO): -UV/Vis method: The DO was calculated from the periodate consumption using a LAMBDA 35 UV/Vis spectrometer (PerkinElmer, Waltham, MA) at 222 nm. -Titration method: The DO was determined by the quantitative reaction of the DAC samples with hydroxylamine hydrochloride followed by titration to the initial pH using an 877 Titrino plus instrument (Metrohm AG, Herisau, Switzerland).
Value of the Data • The data can be used to predict the degree of oxidation rapidly and reliably in dialdehyde celluloses. • Determining the aldehyde content is crucial for tailoring the properties of dialdehyde cellulose, which is applied in areas such as drug delivery  [4] [5] [6]  , medical applications  [7] [8] [9]  , sensor technologies  [10] [11] [12]  and material science  [13]. • This dataset allows researchers to implement this method in everyday research saving money, time and resources.
Data Description All data refer to the original research article "A fast method to measure the degree of oxidation of dialdehyde celluloses using multivariate calibration and infrared spectroscopy"  [3]. Fig. 1  shows a schematic of the experimental design to collect and analyse the dataset. The data in Table  2  displays the isolated dialdehyde cellulose samples with their file names (NIR and FTIR dataset) and their obtained degrees of oxidation (DO)-from periodate consumption using UV/Vis spectroscopy (DO UV/Vis ) and from potentiometric titration after quantitative reaction with hydroxylamine hydrochloride (DO Titration ). The degrees of oxidation from periodate consumption are calculated using a calibration curve ( Fig. 2  ). The corresponding spectral raw data is available in Mendeley repository data ("Dataset" > " raw_data": Spectral raw data for each PLSR model,.
csv files). The isolated DAC samples were used to construct four PLSR models that correlate the NIR and FTIR data with the corresponding DO. Table  1  summarizes the parameters of partial least-squares regression. OPUS QUANT2 was used to develop the NIR/PLSR models (1 and 2) and FTIR/PLSR models (3 and 4), which are available in Mendeley repository data ("Dataset" > " processed_data": OPUS files for each model with the corresponding spectra,. q2 and. o files). https://data. mendeley. com/datasets/bncy3n34v7/draft?a=b69c69fa-86f3-4ce3-916d-87f4c9e90ef9.
Experimental Design, Materials and Methods The dataset was generated by first oxidising pulp samples with sodium periodate. After that, the isolated samples were air-dried and analysed by NIR and FTIR spectroscopy. The correlating degrees of oxidation were determined by UV/Vis spectroscopy and potentiometric titration -2-1 -3 KP-2-1-3A KP-2-1-3B KP-2-1-3C KP-2-1-3 KP-2-1-3. 1 KP-2-1-3. 2 no sample was taken 14. 16 ( ±0. 00) -4 not acquired KP-2-1-4 KP-2-1-4. 1 KP-2-1-4. 2 no sample was taken 15. 44 ( ±2. 01) -10 KP-2-1-10a KP-2-1-10b KP-2-1-10c KP-2-1-10 KP-2-1-10. 1 KP-2-1-10. 2 no sample was taken 39. 43 ( ±0. 13) -11 KP-2-1-11a KP-2-1-11b KP-2-1-11c KP-2-1-11 KP-2-1-11. 1 KP-2-1-11. 2 no sample was taken 47. 15 ( ±1. 49) -12 KP-2-1-12a KP-2-1-12b KP-2-1-12c KP-2-1-12 KP-2-1-12. 1 KP-2-1-12.
Partial least squares regression The unprocessed NIR and FTIR data were pre-processed using min-max normalisation, first derivative plus multiplicative scattering correction or first derivative plus vector normalisation. The PLSR models were calculated using the OPUS QUANT2 package (Bruker Optics, v. 8. 2. 28; parameters in Table  1  ). The PLSR algorithm automatically validated the obtained correlation model with a selected test set of the recorded IR spectra. In addition, the PLS 1 algorithm in OPUS QUANT2 was used to determine the best pre-processing method and the optimal spectral range ( Table  1  ). Leave-one-out cross-validation was used. Two sets of infrared data (NIR and FTIR) with two different degrees of oxidation (from the periodate consumption and potentiometric titration) give four PLSR models, which are all available in Mendeley repository data.
Acknowledgments We kindly thank  Business Finland  and  UPM-Kymmene Oyj (Finland)  for their financial support and  UPM-Kymmene Oyj  for providing pulp samples. We also thank  Katharina Pfaffeneder  ( IMC University of Applied Sciences, Austria ) for her help in preparing dialdehyde samples. The  BOKU doctoral school ABC&M  is gratefully acknowledged.
The mean age of this sample was 20. 2 years (SD = 1. 3) and 69. 3% were male. The data were collected as part of a 2-h practical class, but at the time of data collection, the students were not aware of the exact hypotheses of the study. In particular, those belonging to the green and urban walking groups believed they were receiving an identical physical exercise stimulus. However, since experimenters knew which participants were in which group, our experiment can only be said to be a single-blinded study. Students' academic timetables were carefully scrutinized to ensure that they did not exercise prior to our experiment. At the beginning of their visit, participants completed an informed consent and reported basic demographic information (age, sex).
Methods The assemblage provenance is diverse and comprises remains from all the stratigraphical units with absolute or relative chronologies pointing to the Chalcolithic period, independently of the degrees of bioturbation recorded Methodologies for the zooarchaeological and taphonomical analysis of faunal assemblages were followed  (Lyman 1994; Reitz, Wing 2008). Data are presented according to the number of specimens (NSP), number of identified specimens (NISP), minimum number of elements (MNE), and minimum number of individuals (MNI)  (Grayson 1984; Lyman 2008). The MNI was calculated by distinguishing stratigraphic units (MNI su ) and as a general cumulative estimate not considering differences between stratigraphic units (MNI g ). Linear biometrics analysis was carried out by measuring bones and teeth with a Lux digital calliper fol-lowing current standards  (Driesch 1976; Payne, Bull 1988; Davis 1996; Albarella et al.
According to this research aim, this article presents and summarizes the work achieved in the SUMUM research project (founded by ANR-17-CE38-0004) aiming to explore cross examination of multimodal imaging for Conservation and Restoration purposes. One of the research axis focuses on building a collaborative semantic enrichment framework over spatially-oriented resources. The three case studies, each one corresponding to a multi-scale, multi-temporal or multi-spectral documentation approach are presented. The objective was to develop from ad-hoc multimodal acquisition campaigns, through dedicated processing toolbox and toward seamless integration into the AIOLI semantic annotation web platform  (Manuel et al. 2018)  an integrated framework aligned with conservation and restoration works. Our contribution is positioned to previous works cited in the section 2.
Photogrammetric based processing for spatial registration and geometry reconstruction The data processing was performed by Totally Automated Coregistration and Orientations (TACO) which is a MicMac based library automating incremental registration for multi-source 3D reconstruction. This Python-based package was developed within the SUMUM research project and previously presented  (Pamart et Al. , 2020). The code source of the beta release is available following this link ; https://page. hn/5oot7b. In parallel, TACO is the photogrammetric engine to process image sets directly into AIOLI, however since the incremental mode hasn't been implemented yet in the web-service, the dataset were processed off-line then uploaded with a new import function. The incremental processing is done as follows ; for a given initial image set (if possible a global and optimal acquisition) after-defined as master acquisition, a first scene reconstruction is generated (including cameras and geometry) on which other image sets (i.
Integration into AIOLI web-platform The AIOLI platform is reality-based 2D/3D annotation system allowing to build semantically enriched digitization of heritage assets from a photogrammetric-friendly image set and spatial annotations coupled with additional resources. This web-service aims to create an innovative framework for the massive and large-scale collaborative CH documentation by linking features like image-based 3D reconstruction, 2D-3D spreading and correlation of semantic annotations, multi-layered analysis of qualitative and quantitative attributes. Recently a new feature has been developed allowing to import any Micmac-based project to make it manageable with annotation process. In parallel, a conversion script has been developed using Metashape API to convert a project from this commercial solution into a compliant MicMac format therefore readable by AIOLI import function.
The multi-temporal approach illustrated by the « Arbre aux serpents » case-study from Niki de Saint-Phalle collection set This case-study is dedicated to a multi-temporal approach because the chance was given to make a photogrammetric survey just before and right after a complete restoration of this severely damaged monumental sculpture exposed outdoors. As the surface was pickled, rewhiten and repainted by the original craftsman, we seized the opportunity to capture and combine altered and restored states to create an optimal follow-up documentation set. The final dataset is composed of 178 pictures registered in 5 iterations defining 4 modal layers : • An A-CRP set extracted from a UAV mission in 2016 before restoration • An A-CRP set extracted from a UAV mission in 2018 after restoration • Pictures of the visible (VIS) Technical Photography-based (TP) documentation set • Few isolated documentary photographs (DOC) from 2012 but not taken for photogrammetric purposes The average residue of 0.
Fortunately, we had the opportunity to have at disposal the sculpture in a wide and empty photographic studio so as to optimize the capture set-up and benefit of fully controlled lighting. The final dataset is completed by 116 pictures registered in 9 iterations defined by the following modalities : • As expected we get a higher average residue of 1. 66px probably caused by the wide radiometric deviation of these combined modalities. Indeed, it was the most complicated object to survey and treat, its appearance required a cross-polarized master photogrammetric set to cope with the specular variation issue. In spite of all, the registration of RTI capture and multispectral photography to document such complex appearance was challenging but necessary to highlight major elements of the condition report (past restorations and some alterations remain only visible in multispectral domain as shown in Fig.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This work was funded by the  ANR   SUMUM  project, grant reference  ANR-17-CE38-0004  of the  French Agence Nationale de la Recherche. The authors would like to acknowledge the stakeholders of the case-studies illustrating this paper, namely ; the « Zett » painting of Victor Vasarely from the  Fondation Vasarely in Aix-en-Provence , the sculpture « L'arbre aux serpents » from  Niki de Saint Phalle  from the  Musée des Beaux-arts d'Angers  and the  « Expansion controlée" » sculpture from César in the courtesy of the Musée d'Art Contemporain de Marseille. Equally , the authors would like to thank :  • J. Toupance  for her help during his internship for the acquisition campaign.
La Noira is one such example  (Moncel et al. 2013 (Moncel et al. , 2020a)). The technological analysis of all the lithic material from stratum a at la Noira has already enabled us to explore  (Moncel et al. 2013 (Moncel et al. , 2016 (Moncel et al. , 2020a ) the onset of the Acheulean at 700 ka in Western Europe and the technological skills of these hominins. A speci c morphometric analysis of handaxe symmetry in strata a and c  (Iovita et al. 2017 ) has shown that human groups mastered tool symmetry from 700 ka onwards, despite lower shaping intensity at that time. In order to continue to track the technological drift between ca 700 and ca 450 ka, we applied the WEAP method (García-Medrano et al. 2020) on the whole corpus of handaxes of this site (García-Medrano 2020), combining for the rst time a technological analysis with a broader morphometric approach using AGMT3-D software (Herzlinger and Grosman 2018; Herzlinger and Goren-Inbar 2020).