dataesr/scientific-paragraphs-categorization huggingface dataset:
Searchable database: http://www. guidetopharmacology. org/index. jsp Transient receptor potential channels 1636 Full Contents of Concise Guide: http://onlinelibrary. wiley. com/doi/10. 1111/bph. 12444/full 23 pS (within the range 60 to +60 mV); permeable to monovalent cations; impermeable to Ca 2+ ; strong outward rectification; slow activation at positive potentials, rapid deactivation at negative potentials, deactivation blocked by decavanadate. P. H. Alexander et al. The Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY 2013/14: Ion Channels. British Journal of Pharmacology (2013) 170, 1607-1651 Ca 2+ ; PCa/PNa = 6. 9), conductance sequence Zn 2+ > Ba 2+ > Mg 2+ = Ca 2+ = Mn 2+ > Sr 2+ > Cd 2+ > Ni 2+ ; strong outward rectification abolished by removal of extracellular divalents, inhibited by intracellular Mg 2+ (IC50 = 0.
4x10 -7 M), benzamil (1. 1x10 -6 M), EIPA (1. 05x10 -5 M), amiloride (1. 43x10 -4 M) - Functional characteristics γ = 105-137 pS (outward conductance) 184-399 pS (inward conductance), conducts mono-and di-valent cations with a preference for divalents - (PCa/PNa = 4. 0-4. 3); steady state currents rectify outwardly, whereas instantaneous currents show strong inward rectification; activated and subsequently inactivated by intracellular Ca 2+ (human, but not mouse); inhibited by extracellular acidification and potentiated by extracellular alkalization Comments: Searchable database: http://www. guidetopharmacology. org/index.
Methods Participating centers of an international registry were invited to enroll patients with documented NOD2 mutation after IRB approval. This 3 year prospective study consists of one baseline and 3 yearly visits comprising a comprehensive clinical evaluation, functional assessment (CHAQ/HAQ), visual analogue scales, full ophthalmologic assessment and wrists/hand radiographs at baseline and at last evaluation. Poznansky and Sharp scores were utilized to analyze pediatric and adult X-rays respectively. Blood sampling was performed for follow up and exploratory for biomarkers. Drug therapy was recorded. Coded data were kept in a secured database at the coordinating center.
Results We are reporting here baseline articular and functional data of the first 25 recruited patients. F: 8; M: 17. Ages:0-54 years;50% 0-15. More than half carried substitution R334W or R334Q. Onset of joint disease was 33 months (3-156). At evaluation arthritis duration was 15. 7 yrs (1-53). Mean active joint count was 7 (0-24). Mean CHAQ/HAQ 0. 42 (0-2). VAS-p 1. 78 (0-8) and VAS-g 2. 06 (0-8). A subgroup of patients with long duration (20-50 years) showed a mean joint count of 11. 4 (1-24), HAQ of 0. 9 (0-2), VAS-p of 4. 9 (0-8), VASg of 4. 1 (0-8). 11/25 required daily systemic prednisone with methotrexate and/or biologics. Significant destructive radiographic changes were documented over time. 50% of the entire group showed extra-triad manifestations with lymphadenopathy, fever, erythema nodosum and hypertension the most common.
3(a) ). In order to understand whether this sample can be imaged also with our wavelength combination of 532nm and 642nm of excitation and STED wavelength, respectively, we tested the fluorescence reduction for various STED intensities measured on single fluorescent beads placed on a poly-L-lysine (Sigma Aldrich, Europe) covered glass slide. The fluorescence is measured while illuminating a single bead with excitation and STED light and then normalized to the fluorescence signal emitted when only the excitation light is switched on. All foci are Gaussian shaped, so the phase plate in the STED beam path has been removed. The excitation beam power is modulated with a frequency of 20kHz while the STED beam intensity is kept unmodulated. The data directly measured by the PMT is presented in the black graphs of Fig.
The stability of synchronous motions is analytically investigated while a numerical simulation makes possible to determine a more complete non-linear behavior. An analysis of the dynamic behavior of a rigid rotor with non-linear elastic restoring forces is carried out in  [21]. It is shown that, in addition to synchronous solutions, relatively small values of the damping forces made possible the onset of the rotor precession motions which are periodic or quasiperiodic. Chaotic rotor motions are obtained for high level of unbalance and relatively high damping in the system. An experimental confirmation of the theoretical data is sought. Comparison of dynamics of linear and non-linear rotor models is presented in  [22]. The periodic and chaotic vibrations under condition of internal resonance in the 2-DOF model of the Jeffcott rotor are investigated in  [23]  by using an asymptotic approach.
Case presentation: A 28-year-old Gabonese woman living in Cameroon requested a human immunodeficiency virus diagnosis in our laboratory. She had an unprotected heterosexual contact 6 months earlier while on vacation in Gabon. The request for a human immunodeficiency virus test was as a result of apprehensions developed after the exposure episode. Human immunodeficiency virus serological examinations were ambiguous and confirmatory tests (including human immunodeficiency virus proviral deoxyribonucleic acid polymerase chain reaction) were carried out. Apart from the human immunodeficiency virus proviral deoxyribonucleic acid polymerase chain reaction that was persistently negative, all other polymerase chain reactions carried out were positive. The deoxyribonucleic acid sequences have been submitted to the GenBank database with accession numbers: KC626022, KC626023 and KC626024 for the protease, reverse transcriptase and gp41 genes respectively.
By contrast, proviral HIV-1 DNA group M and O ("inhouse") PCRs were repeatedly undetectable at D15 and D49 (repeated three times consecutively for each time point). Non-specific primers (Table  2 ) used to amplify the integrase genes of HIV-1 group M were detectable. Furthermore, Real-Time (RT) RNA PCRs amplified the reverse transcriptase, protease and gp41 genes of HIV-1 group M but not of HIV-1 group O indicating therefore an HIV-1 group M infection. Primers used for these tests are presented in Table  2. Partial sequencing of the amplified products and phylogenetic analysis of the reverse transcriptase, protease and gp41 genes further revealed an infection with an HIV-1 group M subtype A virus. The DNA sequences of these genes have been submitted to the GenBank database with the following accession numbers: protease -KC626022, reverse transcriptase -KC626023 and gp41 -KC626024.
2 The ENISA Generic Models of Domestic and Cross-Border Electronic Authentication According to the ENISA report terminology  [1] , in any domestic system that involves electronic authentication the User is assigned an electronic identity (eID). The scope of an eID may be limited to within the application (e. g. a health insurance number or a civil register). This eID is assigned by some entity within the system: the ID Authority. The ID Authority issues a Token (e. g. a health insurance card or a national ID card) to the User that identifies the user as the person with a specific eID. The token may contain the eID and other data in electronically readable form. The User Service Provider (e. g. a doctor or a vehicle registration office) interacts with the user and the user's token. He provides a service to the user that is linked to the application operated by the system operator.
3. 1 The NETC@RDS Project NETC@RDS is a pan-European project supported by the EU eTEN program which aims to improve the secure access of mobile European citizens to cross-border health care using advanced smart card and web services technologies  [2, 39]. More specifically, NETC@RDS aims to simplify health care access for citizens with health insurance evidence of entitlement while abroad and also to provide a reliable source of information for health care provider front office staff checking insured entitlement or initiating interstate billing/clearing procedures. It also aims to develop and use a Common Administrative Electronic Dataset for improved health insurance providers back office billing/clearing workflow applications and further modernization of postprocessing activities. NETC@RDS is basically addressing the following three business cases: (i) The automatic capture of the EHIC dataset, either by optically scanning the EHIC front layout or by electronically reading a national/regional health insurance smart card, (ii) The on-line verification of the EHIC dataset at the point of health care delivery against national/regional repositories located in the home country, and (iii) The sending the EHIC scanned copy, or the EHIC dataset to the competent institution, in view of further e-billing processing  [2, 39].
System Overview The NETC@RDS project  [26, 28]  has established a cross-border online pan-European service to authenticate a patient's health insurance card and/or a patient's entitlement to health insurance benefits abroad for unplanned care. In the long run the overall goal of this project is the complete integration of the existing and future national infrastructures for health insurance claims in order to improve the data exchange. The NETC@RDS technical architecture  [2, 26]  consists of secure network interconnections within a Member state and between the Member states, linking national service portals and registries in each country with workstations within all service facilities. A cross-border mutual authentication is established every time a NETC@RDS user (typically a hospital clerk or a health practitioner) operates an online verification of the e-EHIC dataset as entitlement to receive health care abroad in one of the NETC@RDS service units/points.
In addition, appropriate technologies and procedures must be used to ensure that data travels with adequate safety over the network build among the NETC@RDS partners and is only disclosed to authorized parties. The NETC@RDS information security policy should also provide means of proof and essential checks which give users trust in the given information. It should also help establish the basic security requirements that must be satisfied in order to ensure system continuity and prevent and minimise the impact of security incidents by implementing a stable, reliable and secure infrastructure. Finally, the NETC@RDS security policy is constructed under the principle of well-proportioned answer to the incurred risk. Regarding its context, the NETC@RDS ISSP recognises three main actors that interact in the NETC@RDS system: the end users group, the health insurance organizations and the national access point providers.
Example NETC@RDS Scenario One of the most important purposes of NETC@RDS and the e-EHIC is to prove, through secure online cross-border authentication, the entitlement of a European Fig. 5. Integration of NETC@RDS with the EESSI 2  architecture citizen outside his/her home Member-State while requesting healthcare services. This can be described, via an example scenario, as follows (figure  6 ): A French citizen is on vacation in Germany and needs to use unplanned healthcare services, i. e. the visitor goes to a German doctor because of sickness or maternity. For her entitlement, she shows either her eye-readable EHIC or, if the EHIC is expired, her electronic national/regional Health Insurance Card and provides it at the front desk at the doctor's facility. The card, containing the eEHIC dataset, is read by a smart card reader connected to the front desk workstation.
This workstation connects to the national German NETC@RDS Service Portal via online connection and tries to verify the dataset. To this end it is necessary to authenticate the German doctor to this portal. The German NETC@RDS Service Portal then contacts the French NETC@RDS Service Portal, which in turn contacts the French Health Insurance company back office database for verification of the dataset and for authentication of the health insurance smart card shown as proof of entitlement at the point of health care delivery. This verification of entitlement contains the actual electronic authentication as a first step. The result of this verification is the decision (yes/no) about the entitlement of the patient, which is transmitted back to the front desk workstation of the German doctor. It is possible to use either EHIC or different types of electronic national/regional health insurance cards.
Independent of what type of card is presented at the patient check-in front desk in a hospital or in an ambulatory facility, the technical infrastructure enables first the capture of the EHIC dataset from various portable documents (i. e. a valid eye-readable EHIC or a national/regional health and insurance smart card or any other ID token) and then the validity of entitlement by the issuing institution. SELECTED STUDIES Fig. 6. How the existing NETC@RDS system works -example scenario.
4 Mapping the ENISA Generic Model to the NETC@RDS Implementation The NETC@RDS technical infrastructure using EESSI is mapped below to the proposed ENISA generic cross-border electronic authentication model, therefore proving that it can provide the basis for the implementation of the generic model. The NETC@RDS model including this mapping is described in figure  7. Mapping the generic model to NETC@RDS is based on the following relations [1,2,28]: The insured person residing outside his/her home Member-State requesting health services is the generic model's user. This user is entitled to obtain the services according to regulation 1408/71  [30]. The eEHIC maps to the token. The minimum set of data held on the token is prescribed in the Administrative Decision No 189 of 18 th June 2003  [5].
The workstation within a hospital or ambulatory facility represents primarily the User Service Provider of the generic model. This workstation also reads the EHIC dataset from the token. This part of the workstation's hardware and software realizes the Token Adapter. The part of the NETC@RDS workstation that interfaces with the NETC@RDS Service Portal must be considered to be a first subcomponent of the Cross-Border Adapter  [1]. While following this approach, the NETC@RDS project would follow the European Regulations for 883/04 on the coordination of social security systems  [4]. Additionally to each Portal, national laws and regulations are applicable.
5 Addressing Cross-Border Protection Requirements with the Netc@rds Implementation Approach The following case study provides an example of addressing NEC@RDS cross-border data protection requirements that demonstrates the suitability of NEC@RDS approach for implementing the ENISA generic security model. It is based on the last evolution step of NETC@RDS in which the national service portals will communicate with each other securely via the EESSI  [1]. In this function it is assumed that each national portal authenticates its domestic communication partners as persons or institutions authorized to request an electronic authentication. The national service portals and health insurance registers in other countries are not required to electronically authenticate the requesting health professional or institution as entitled to perform an authentication request, but can and must rely on the functioning of the first country's national service portal.
i. Identity Data. The Identity Data used and transmitted in the NETC@RDS electronic authentication is defined in the CEN Workshop Agreement CWA 15974 (May 2009)  [25]. According to this document the EHIC identity data comprises the following mandatory information: surname of the card holder ("Name" on the face of the EHIC card), forename of the card holder ("Given names" on the face of the EHIC card), personal identification number of the card holder, date of birth of the card holder, expiry date of the card, ISO code of the Member-State issuing the card, identification number and acronym of the competent institution, logical number of the card (including a card issuer identifier), and identification of the paper form that is replaced by the card. The EHIC data set is transmitted to the Health Insurance Registry (the System Operator) during authentication.
ii. Application Data. In addition to the EHIC data set, other information is also transmitted during the authentication of an entitlement. This data comprises identification data on the health care professional and his institution (the User Service Provider), return codes and additional entitlement data. iii. eEHIC (Token). The eEHIC contains the Personal Data. This data is defined to be freely readable. An authentication mechanism for the eEHIC may be implemented optionally, but this must not hinder the free access to the eEHIC dataset. The mandatory EHIC dataset is also printed on the eEHIC surface. The eEHIC is under the control of the user, and it is assumed that the user consents to reading the data by handing the eEHIC to somebody. iv. Health Insurance Register (System Operator). The Health Insurance Register or the IT systems of the health insurance company hosts the personal data for a large amount of users of the system.
This functionality must not be compromised by extending the workstation's tasks to accommodate the NETC@RDS system. The evaluation of security threats and protection requirements is limited to the functionality of the workstation that concerns the processing and storing of data related to the NETC@RDS system. The primary function of the workstation may pose other (higher) requirements. vi. Workstation (Cross-Border Adapter). Software and potentially hardware must be added to the (domestic) workstation in the health care institution and the associated local IT systems in order to allow the cross-border authentication within the scope of the NETC@RDS system. These components are considered part of the Cross-Border Adapter and are governed by the respective local laws and contracts. It is assumed that the communication with the national service portal is performed via a secure connection that requires mutual authentication.
Limitations and Future Research Directions As seen above, the proposed NETC@RDS approach can provide a suitable basis for a secure electronic cross-border authentication implementation, based on the ENISA generic security model, that suitably addresses the cross-border authentication requirements. There are still however a number of limitations and areas for further research that need to be addressed if the proposed implementation approach is to be used as a multipurpose electronic cross-border authentication system. Data privacy must be adequately protected in any such approach to electronic authentication, be it domestic or cross-border. Cross-border activity is governed however by the different laws and regulations of participating states. These laws often either affect or even prohibit specific transactions or data exchanges.
Patient selection Patients who provided written informed consent and fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria (Table  1 ) were invited to participate. They were required to maintain the type and dosage of preventive headache medications from one month prior to study enrollment through the completion of the experimental period. Thirty-two patients in six European clinical sites participated in the study. Study participation at all sites was approved by the appropriate national, regional and/or institutional study review boards. The study is registered at ClinicalTrials. gov (NCT01255813).
Data analysis Pain relief and pain freedom were evaluated at the end of the experimental period using a logistic generalized estimating equation (GEE) model that was fit to the data to take into account repeated measures within patients. In this study GEE was used to account for the potential correlation of multiple headaches treated within the same patient. Thus the GEE model estimates the correlation within subjects and adjusts for it in the analysis of the outcome. A compound symmetric correlation structure was used. Pain relief and pain freedom estimates were obtained from the model for each of the three stimulation doses; data are presented as least square means (LSM) representing the proportion of doses achieving success and their 95% confidence intervals. All patients who received therapy during the experimental period, treated CH attacks with an initial CPS rating of moderate or greater, and provided responses to the 15-minute pain score and acute medication responses were included in the analysis.
Role of funding source The Pathway CH-1 study was funded by ATI, manufacturer of the SPG neurostimulator. JS was the principal investigator and chair of the study steering committee (SC), also composed of AM and ML-M. ATI together with the SC designed the study and JS, AM, RHJ, JML, CG, and ML-M enrolled patients and conducted the trial. Data were collected at each site using paper clinical report forms and centrally via the electronic remote controller. All investigators had unrestricted access to the data and all authors analyzed and interpreted the study results. The final manuscript was written by JS and AM after amendments by RHJ. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
Acknowledgements The authors are grateful to their patients who agreed to pioneer for this novel neurostimulation treatment. We also would like to acknowledge the seminal contribution of all investigators, including our neurology and surgical colleagues who participated in patients' follow-up and who implanted the SPG neurostimulator, in particular  Alain Wilmont ,  Sandrine Machiels ,  Delphine Magis ,  Søren Hillerup ,  Jørgen.
Funding The Pathway CH-1 study was funded by ATI, manufacturer of the SPG Neurostimulator. JS was the principal investigator and chair of the study steering committee (SC), also composed of AM, and ML-M. ATI together with the SC designed the study and JS, AM, RHJ, JML, CG, and ML-M enrolled patients and conducted the trial. Data were collected at each site using paper clinical report forms and centrally via the electronic remote controller. All investigators had unrestricted access to the data and all authors analyzed and interpreted the study results. The final manuscript was written by JS and AM after amendments by RHJ. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This work was supported by the  Fund for Scientific Research Flanders  ( FWO-grant  numbers  G. 0354. 07, G. 0140. 08  and  3G. 0134. 09  to  Luc Leybaert ) and the  Interuniversity Attraction Poles Program (Belgian Science Policy  Projects  P6/31  and  P7/10  to  Luc Leybaert ). Figure 1 was produced using Servier medical art.
CDLM and GCSQ scores correlated significantly with symptoms, health-related quality of life evaluated by the SGRQ and use of rescue medication (all p < 0. 001). In addition, significant improvement in CDLM and GCSQ scores occurred in response to treatment (p < 0. 001). Minimal important differences (MIDs) of 0. 2 for the CDLM and 0. 15 for the GCSQ questionnaires were estimated based on the dataset; these correspond to an SGRQ score MID of 4. Overall, these questionnaires have been shown to be reliable and responsive to treatment effects and could discriminate between patients with different health status  [17]. They hold, therefore, significant potential as assessment tools in COPD. However, these questionnaires may not fully meet new US Food and Drug Administration's requirements for use in clinical trials to support label claims  [18].
A genuine set of data for the (UV) asymptotics of the Laplacian spectrum on a Calabi-Yau is obviously more fitting for making a prediction for the geodesic spectrum, we do not have such data. In fact, numerical methods as developed in  [34]   [35]  are more suitable for addressing the low lying eigenvalues of the Laplacian due to resolution limitations. This is the same limitation on being able to tell whether a discretized geodesic is closing (or closing smoothly). For a trace over the momentum sector of the Hilbert space, we will consider explicitly the bosonic contributions, as the fermionic case does not involve non-trivial zero modes and the corresponding discussion is simpler. The momentum states are given by a sum over all eigenvalues appearing in the formula  (37)  and associated oscillators.