dataesr/scientific-paragraphs-categorization huggingface dataset:
Spectral fitting The MUSE datacube is fitted for both stellar continuum and emission lines using LaZy-IFU (LZIFU;  Ho et al. 2016). This IDL 2  -based code is publicly available 3. LZIFU models the continuum with the penalized pixel-fitting routine (PPXF;  Cappellari & Emsellem 2004). During continuum fitting, emission lines and sky lines are masked. Given the spectral range of MUSE (λ obs = 4750 -9350 Å) and the redshift of our target (z = 0. 0058;  Reunanen et al. 2003) , the main absorption lines that do not overlap with an emission line mask include Na D and the Ca triplet. We restricted the fit to λ < 8900 Å, and adopted the MILES simple stellar population libraries  (Sánchez-Blázquez et al. 2006; Falcón-Barroso et al. 2011). Before fitting, the software aligns the stellar models and the observed spectra in terms of their wavelength coverage, spectral resolution, and channel width.
In all cases, the bottom panels show the relative residuals for both the single-component fit (orange), and two-component fit (black). In the case of the disk aperture, the two fits are more comparable with residuals under 5%. In the case of the cone aperture, there is a more striking difference, where the single-component fit clearly does not represent the data well, while the two-component fit is better adapted. Note that the He i lines were not included in the fit as they are mostly absent from the datacube. quantities of interest over the majority of the MUSE field-of-view.
Dust Attenuation From the MUSE data cube, we generated three synthetic bandpasses in order to produce a RGB color map. We defined three spectral ranges within which only pixels reliably tracing the stellar continuum were used, e. g. , avoiding strong sky lines and emission lines. The central wavelengths are effectively: B ∼5400 Å, G ∼6100 Å, R ∼7400 Å. Their bandpass widths were defined to ensure that each band includes a similar number of valid spectral pixels (∼450). The individual color channels were combined with an asinh scaling. The resulting RGB color map (Figures  1  and 10a ) shows the bright nucleus, and several dust lanes over the stellar continuum. The region corresponding to the 600 pc KDC appears heavily reddened on this map, indicating an important foreground dust screen in front of a light source.
Comparison with Radio Continuum Emission Previous work revealed extended radio continuum emission at the center of NGC 7582 (e. g. Ulvestad & Wilson 1984; Forbes & Norris 1998; Morganti et al. 1999)  with two different interpretations: radio jet or starburst emission, where the latter would originate from starbursting regions along the KDC. Here, we will first compare the spatial extent and alignment of the 8. 6 GHz radio continuum emission with the stellar and gas kinematics that we derived from the MUSE data, and then gather multi-frequency radio observations from the literature in order to estimate the age of the jet in the radio jet scenario. We reprocessed the 8. 6 GHz radio continuum data from  Morganti et al. (1999). We retrieved the data from the ATNF archive (Project C405), and obtained a final noise level of 0.
Ricci et al. (2018)  conducted a detailed study of the central region of NGC 7582 to investigate AGN, stellar, and/or shock emission by combining various optical and infrared observations. Namely, these authors presented spatially resolved flux maps showing two blobs of emission seen in [Fe ii] λ1. 644 µm, H λ2. 122 µm and Brγ, one North and one South of the nucleus. They found that these blobs of emission coincide with previously identified knots of mid-infrared emission  (Wold & Galliano 2006) , and were aligned with the radio continuum data from  Morganti et al. (1999). However, they also found interesting differences between the two blobs in the sense that the South blob overlaps with three MIR knots (and with emission seen in a narrow-band filter at 11. 88µm spanning PAH features  Asmus et al.
These authors suggest that the low inclination enables more significant AGN feedback by increasing the amount of ISM material impacted by the jets as they propagate. From another case study, García-Bernete et al. (  2021 ) reported that both radio jets and AGN disk winds may act simultaneously when considering multiphase (molecular and ionized gas) outflows in Sy2 galaxy NGC 5643. Lastly, we add another piece to the NGC 7582 puzzle by estimating the age of the radio jet under the hypothesis that the extended emission corresponds to a low-power jet. To do so, we combine multi-frequency radio continuum measurements. Namely,  Orienti & Prieto (2010)  analyzed VLA data for NGC 7582 at 4. 8 and 8. 4 GHz, reporting flux densities of 75 mJy, and 42 mJy, respectively. They further separated the core radio emission from the diffuse star forming radio emission to determine that the core has a spectral index of 0.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This paper is dedicated to the memory of Michael Dopita. Mike contributed to this project with unmatched enthusiasm from the very beginning, and suggested significant improvements to the analysis, and to this manuscript. We warmly thank the anonymous referee for suggestions which greatly augmented this work, in particular for prompting a more careful analysis of the KDC velocity and velocity dispersion profiles. SJ thanks J. Najita, K. Olsen, E. Walla, S. Ridgway, F. Combes, J. Silk, F. Schweizer, D. Rupke, M. den Brok, E. Momjian, L. Fortson, and G. Bicknell for useful and enlightening discussions. The animation around the [O iii] doublet (Figure  16 ) also includes the stellar continuum. In contrast with the previous animation, the ionized gas is mostly located in the outflowing cones.
The blue wing of each emission line originates from gas that is outflowing toward our line of sight. In the case of NGC 7582, this component of the outflow dominates the [O iii] doublet emission, causing the peaks to be slightly blueshifted with respect to the expected restframe wavelengths (vertical dotted lines). It is interesting to note that some of the outflowing gas which is receding (redshifted), is visible both along the front cone (possibly from the far side of the front cone) and along the back countercone. As we noted in the manuscript, the latter is mostly visible between the dust lanes, indicating that the back cone is located behind the galaxy disk (Figure  1 ). The animations were produced using the MUSE Python Data Analysis Framework (MPDAF,  Bacon et al. 2016)  package and Matplotlib Python library on the Astro Data Lab science platform  (Nikutta et al.
Based on observations made with ESO telescopes at the La Silla Paranal Observatory under programme ID 095. B-0934. Some of this research uses services provided by the Astro Data Lab at NSF's National Optical-Infrared Astronomy Research Laboratory. NOIRLab is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy (AURA), Inc. under a cooperative agreement with the National Science Foundation. Parts of this research were supported by the Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for All Sky Astrophysics in 3 Dimensions (ASTRO 3D), through project number CE170100013, and by the Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Allsky Astrophysics (CAASTRO), through project number CE110001020. SB acknowledges financial support from the Italian Space Agency under grant ASI-INAF 2017-14-H.
O. FEB acknowledges support from ANID-Chile BASAL AFB-170002 and FB210003, FONDE-CYT Regular 1200495 and 1190818, and Millennium Science Initiative Program ICN12 009. JS is supported by the international Gemini Observatory, a program of NSF's NOIRLab, which is managed by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy (AURA) under a cooperative agreement with the National Science Foundation, on behalf of the Gemini partnership of Argentina, Brazil, Canada, Chile, the Republic of Korea, and the United States of America. JHW acknowledges the support by the National Research Foundation of Korea grant funded by the Korea government (NRF-2021R1A2C3008486).
Participants and setting. A convenience sample of 451 children aged 6 to 12 years old attending three elementary schools; two public (n = 328) and one private (n = 123), were eligible to participate in this study in a town included 137,188 inhabitants at the time of the data collection. Eligibility criteria. To be included in the study, the child had to be in good general health as to allow data collection, be between age 6 to 12 years, and one parent had to be reachable via text messaging. Children with physical disabilities or illnesses that contraindicated physical effort were excluded. Procedure. School principals were initially contacted by phone by a team member. Subsequently, the nature of the project was fully explained in person. An explanatory brochure of the research project was then provided to all the parents.
Those agreeing for their children to participate signed an informed consent form. Even after consenting, children could choose not to participate in one or several physical activities or abandon the study altogether without any consequence. Baseline data collection and independent variables. At inclusion, a baseline questionnaire was completed at home by parents to gather contact information (mobile phone number and email address), as well as, the child history of BP and sport activities performed. More specifically: Prior BP history was assessed to differentiate a first BP episode from any other BP event (i. e. BP reported at any other time point during study). BP history at baseline served to estimate BP point prevalence (is the child having BP at the time of study enrolment?), and BP before study onset to estimate the lifetime prevalence (has the child ever had BP prior to enrolment?) (Fig.
Statistical analysis. All analyses were performed by a statistician using Stata 15. 1. Chi-square tests of independence compared the study variables of follow-up responders (i. e. , participants whose response rate to the  32 weeks SMS survey reached at least 70%) to those who were lost during follow-up (i. e. , participants who did not reach a 70% response rate over 32 weeks and were excluded from the follow-up analyses). Prior BP history was reported as a binary variable (present or absent history of BP at enrolment or prior to enrolment). BP outcomes were reported and synthetized as presence or absence of at least one BP event during the 8-month tracking. Aerobic capacity and muscular endurance data were categorized as follow: low (inferior to the first quartile), medium (between the first and the third quartiles) or high (superior to the third quartile).
Discussion At baseline, nearly 20% of the children reported a prior episode of BP and 8. 6% admitted experiencing BP among the 242 participants. In contrast, nearly half of the 160 children (51. 1%) reported at least one BP event over the 32 weeks follow-up, and the study cumulative incidence was 31. 9%. NP and LBP were the most frequent pain locations, while MDP was less common. Over half of the children never reported any BP (either before or during the study). Interestingly, a prior history of BP and a high aerobic capacity are associated with at least one Table  1. Baseline characteristics of included participants and participants who responded to at least 70% of the SMS survey. *Significant difference (p < 0. 05) between study participants and responders with over 70% of SMS survey data over the course of the study.
Strengths and limitations. Strengths of this study are a prospective design and the availability of information on several factors studied within the same study sample. The cohort design of the study enabled us to include data from questionnaires at different point in time, including the assessment of prior history of spinal pain. Nonetheless, this study has several limitations. First, the main outcome, spinal pain, was studied based on a parent reported questionnaire which may affect the reliability of the data. It can be challenging for children to describe the presence and type of pain and for the parents to systematically report children's complaints. However, parents decide whether or not to restrict or motivate their children to engage in their activities, based on their interpretation of their child's pain  33.
Acknowledgements We thank  Clara White ,  Stéphanie Langlois-Laroche ,  Samuel Langlois ,  Marc-Antoine Laquerre  and  Olivier Lanlo  for their invaluable contributions to the study; and  Julie Lamoureux  ( Florida, USA ) for her contribution to the statistical analyses. We thank the children and their parents for their efforts in participating in this study. Finally, we want to acknowledge the schools' directory and staff for their collaboration to set this project.
35 cycles of denaturation (95 • C, 1 min), annealing (65 • C, 1 min), and elongation (72 • C, 1 min) were carried out in a Mastercycler thermal cycler (Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany). A final extension step was added for 10 min at 72 • C at the end of the 35-amplification cycle. PCR amplifications were verified by 2100 Bioanalyzer (Agilent, Santa Clara, CA, USA). The GenoToul platform (Toulouse, France http://www. genotoul. fr, accessed on 6 July 2021) used an Illumina Miseq sequencer (2 × 300 pb paired-end run) for the sequencing reaction. The raw sequences obtained were analyzed using bioinfomatic tools. Mothur version 1. 39. 5 was used for reads cleaning, assembly and quality checking. Alignment was performed with SILVA release 128. The latter was also used as taxonomic outline. A visual representation of the bacterial relative abundances was performed with a phyloseq package in R software  [32].
Principal Component Analysis To better understand the interaction among the microbial communities, the performance indicators and the butyric stress applied, a principal component analysis (PCA) was performed (Figure  5 ). The variables considered in the analysis were: H 2 yield, acetic, endogenous butyric, and lactic acid concentrations, Clostridium sp. relative abundance, Lactobacillus sp. relative abundance, Bifidobacterium sp. relative abundance, and COD conversion. The principal components 1 and 2 accounted for 55. 2% and 21. 4% of the dataset variance, respectively, for a total of 76. 6% of the variance explained in the analy-sis. The first principal component (Dim 1 on Figure  5 ) correlated highly positively with Clostridium sp. abundance, endogenous butyric acid concentration, and H 2 yields with correlation scores of 0.
Acetic acid (a), butyric acid (b) and lactic acid (c) concentrations in conditions A and B. The four samples used for microbial community characterization in conditions A and B are represented in black circle filled in grey to indicate their time of collection. Author Contributions: Conceptualization, M. C. N. , R. E. and E. T. ; data curation, M. C. N. ; formal analysis, M. C. N. ; funding acquisition, E. T. ; investigation, M. C. N. ; methodology, M. C. N. ; project administration, E. T. ; resources, N. B. , R. E. and E. T. ; supervision, N. B. , R. E. and E. T. ; visualization, M. C. N. and J. A. M. ; writing-original draft, M. C. N. ; writing-review and editing, M. C. N. , J. A. M. , N. B. , R. E. and E. T. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. Funding: The research was supported by the ProBHyM project financed by National Research Agency (n • ANR-18-CE43-0012-01) in France.
Acknowledgments: The authors are grateful for  Gaëlle Santa-Catalina 's work concerning biomolecular tasks and 16S sequencing. The authors would like to express their acknowledgments to IN-RAE  Bio2E Facility  ( Bio2E ,  INRAE , 2018. Environmental Biotechnology and Biorefinery Facility  (https://doi. org/10. 15454/1. 557234103446854E12,accessed on 30 May 2022), where the experiments were conducted. Jose Antonio Magdalena would like to thank the  Complutense University of Madrid  for the financing of his contract at  LBE-INRAE (France) , with funds of the  Ministry of Universities  for the requalification of the Spanish University System for 2021-2023 (Modality 1. Margarita Salas ), coming from the  European Union-Next generation EU  funding. This study was carried out in the framework of the  HyDS  Project (part of the  ERDF-REACT-EU-H2VERT  project).
: Acetic acid (a), butyric acid (b) and lactic acid (c) concentrations in conditions A and B. The four samples used for microbial community characterization in conditions A and B are represented in black circle filled in grey to indicate their time of collection. Author Contributions: Conceptualization, M. C. N. , R. E. and E. T. ; data curation, M. C. N. ; formal analysis, M. C. N. ; funding acquisition, E. T. ; investigation, M. C. N. ; methodology, M. C. N. ; project administration, E. T. ; resources, N. B. , R. E. and E. T. ; supervision, N. B. , R. E. and E. T. ; visualization, M. C. N. and J. A. M. ; writing-original draft, M. C. N. ; writing-review and editing, M. C. N. , J. A. M. , N. B. , R. E. and E. T. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. Funding: The research was supported by the ProBHyM project financed by National Research Agency (n • ANR-18-CE43-0012-01) in France.
IMGT ® , the international ImMunoGeneTics information system ® , created in 1989, by Marie-Paule Lefranc (Université de Montpellier and CNRS), marked the advent of immunoinformatics, a new science which emerged at the interface between immunogenetics and bioinformatics for the study of the adaptive immune responses. IMGT ® is based on a standardized nomenclature of the immunoglobulin (IG) and T cell receptor (TR) genes and alleles from fish to humans and on the IMGT unique numbering for the variable (V) and constant (C) domains of the immunoglobulin superfamily (IgSF) of vertebrates and invertebrates, and for the groove (G) domain of the major histocompatibility (MH) and MH superfamily (MhSF) proteins. IMGT ® comprises 7 databases, 17 tools and more than 25,000 pages of web resources for sequences, genes and structures, based on the IMGT Scientific chart rules generated from the IMGT-ONTOLOGY axioms and concepts.
The founding of IMGT ® marked the birth of immunoinformatics  [1] , a new science, which emerged at the interface between immunogenetics and bioinformatics. For the first time, IG and TR genes (V, D, J and C) were officially recognized as "genes" as well as were the conventional genes  [2, 3, 6, 7]. This major breakthrough allowed genes and data of the complex and highly diversified adaptive immune responses to be managed in genomic databases and tools  [1]. IMGT ® , the international ImMunoGenetics information system ® has been online since 1995 (the first Internet connexion of IMGT/LIGM-DB occurred at the 9th International Congress of Immunology (ICI) in San Francisco, CA, USA),  23-29 July 1995) , marking the 7-year anniversary of the first Internet France-USA connexion of  28 July 1988).
The founding of IMGT ® marked the birth of immunoinformatics  [1] , a new science, which emerged at the interface between immunogenetics and bioinformatics. For the first time, IG and TR genes (V, D, J and C) were officially recognized as "genes" as well as were the conventional genes  [2, 3, 6, 7]. This major breakthrough allowed genes and data of the complex and highly diversified adaptive immune responses to be managed in genomic databases and tools  [1]. IMGT ® , the international ImMunoGenetics information system ® has been online since 1995 (the first Internet connexion of IMGT/LIGM-DB occurred at the 9th International Congress of Immunology (ICI) in San Francisco, CA, USA),  23-29 July 1995) , marking the 7-year anniversary of the first Internet France-USA connexion of 28 July 1988).
The IG and TR nomenclature  [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] , based on the internationally acknowledged expertise of the Laboratoire d'ImmunoGénétique Moléculaire (LIGM), has been endorsed since 1992 by the World Health Organization-International Union of Immunological Societies (WHO-IUIS)  [8, 9] , making IMGT ® , the global reference in immunogenetics and immunoinformatics. IMGT ® , the international ImMunoGenetics information system ® , http://www. imgt. org (accessed on 22 February 2022)  [1, 5]. IMGT ® comprises seven IMGT databases (shown as cylinders), seventeen online IMGT tools (shown as rectangles) and the IMGT Web resources (more than 25,000 pages, the 'IMGT Marie-Paule page') (not shown), for genes (in yellow), sequences (in green) and structures (in blue), all available from the IMGT ® Home page.
IMGT/mAb-DB has been online since 4 December 2009. IMGT/HighV-QUEST for next-generation sequencing (NGS) high-throughput sequence analysis, created in October 2010, has been available on the web since 22 November 2010. IMGT ® , the international ImMunoGenetics information system ® , http://www. imgt. org (accessed on 22 February 2022)  [1, 5]. IMGT ® comprises seven IMGT databases (shown as cylinders), seventeen online IMGT tools (shown as rectangles) and the IMGT Web resources (more than 25,000 pages, the 'IMGT Marie-Paule page') (not shown), for genes (in yellow), sequences (in green) and structures (in blue), all available from the IMGT ® Home page. IMGT/mAb-DB has been online since 4 December 2009. IMGT/HighV-QUEST for next-generation sequencing (NGS) high-throughput sequence analysis, created in October 2010, has been available on the web since 22 November 2010.
The first nucleotide sequences database for the genes of the adaptive immune responses in immunology, LIGM-DB/IMGT  [10, 11] , became rapidly international  [12] [13] [14] , with a systematized approach for data coherence and distribution  [15] [16] [17] [18] [19] [20]  and the building of an information system for comparative immunogenetics and immunology  [21] [22] [23]. In 2003, IMGT was acknowledged as the global reference in immunoinformatics  [24, 25]  with high-quality databases, tools and web resources, publicly available for IG and TR sequence analysis and antibody engineering  [26]. At the research level, it was the demonstration that an ontology (formalization of the LIGM standardized rules in IMGT-ONTOLOGY  [27] [28] [29] ) and a system (implementation of IMGT-Choreography for genomics, genetics and structural approaches  [30] [31] [32] [33] [34] [35] [36] [37] [38] ) have bridged biological and computational spheres in bioinformatics  [39, 40].
As examples, IMGT ® databases, tools and web resources are used for genome diversity and evolution studies, immune repertoire analysis, in medical research (repertoire in autoimmune diseases, AIDS, leukemia and lymphoma) and therapeutic antibody engineering and humanization  [23, [41] [42] [43] [44] [45] [46] [47] [48] [49] [50] [51]. IMGT ® comprises seven IMGT databases, seventeen online IMGT tools (Figure  1 ) and the IMGT Web resources (more than 25,000 pages, the 'IMGT Marie-Paule page'), all available from the IMGT Home page (http://www. imgt. org) (accessed on 22 February 2022)  [1] [2] [3] [4] [5]. IMGT ® databases are specialized in sequences (IMGT/LIGM-DB  [52] , IMGT/PRIMER-DB  [53, 54] , IMGT/CLL-DB  [55] ), genes and alleles (IMGT/GENE-DB  [56] ), two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) structures (IMGT/2Dstructure-DB, IMGT/3Dstructure-DB)  [57] [58] [59].
IMGT/2Dstructure-DB and IMGT/3Dstructure-DB use the same computing frame and provide gene and allele identification and molecular characterization of the amino sequences of the IG and TR receptors, chains and domains  [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] 60]. In addition, IMGT/3Dstructure-DB provides contact analysis between domains, standardized pMH contact sites, and amino acid characterization of paratope  [61]  and epitope  [62]  in IG/Ligand and TR/peptide/MH complexes  [63, 64]. IMGT/mAb-DB  [1, 65] , the IMGT database and interface for therapeutic adaptive immune responses proteins (IG such as monoclonal antibodies (mAb), antibody-drug conjugates (ADC) or chimeric antigen receptors (CAR T), and TR), fusion proteins for immune applications (FPIA) and composite proteins for clinical applications (CPCA), has been online since 4 December 2009.