dataesr/scientific-paragraphs-categorization huggingface dataset:
2006)  and give an overview of the structure-preserving symplectic numerical integration scheme implemented in GRAPE, respectively. In Sect. 5, we provide a specific illustrative example of the GRAPE tool and consider the perturbed motion of the NASA Parker Solar Probe  (Fox et al. 2016) , Mercury Planetary Orbiter  (Novara 2002)  and Molniya-like spacecraft  (Daquin et al. 2021). Additionally, we show the conservation of the quadratic invariant in the local frame of each spacecraft whose motion is perturbed by a constant radiation-like non-gravitational force. Unless otherwise stated, throughout the remainder of the manuscript we assume the Einstein summation convention for repeated indices, and the use of Latin indices (i, j = 1, 2, 3) is reserved for spatial coordinates while Greek indices (α, β = 0, 1, 2, 3) denote spacetime coordinates with the 0 th coordinate being reserved for time so that x α = ct, x i.
GRAPE: first results and discussion In this section, we demonstrate the utility of the newly developed GRAPE software through a series of numerical simulations. We consider the motion of three test particles with orbital parameters assimilated to Molniya (M), Parker Solar Probe (PSP) and Mercury Planetary Orbiter (MPO)-like objects. We assume each test particle is initially located at apoapsis r a so that the initial spacetime coordinates and four-velocity are given by x α 0 = (0, r a , 0, 0) and u α 0 (c, 0, v a cos i, v a sin i), respectively, where v a is the magnitude of the spacecraft velocity at apoapsis and the reader is referred to Table  1  for further details. The gravitational field of the respective central body is assumed to be modelled by the metric tensor components associated with the spherically symmetric Schwarzschild solution.
This will be formally addressed in a future manuscript and we expect the important results of the Cassini-Huygens  (Bertotti et al. 2003)  and BepiColumbo  (Serra et al. 2018; Iess et al. 2021 ) radioscience experiments to serve as important verification tests for future versions of GRAPE. When complete, GRAPE will utilise the PN IAU operational-ready spacetime metrics for both geocentric and barycentric studies and will calculate important light-time observables  (Cappuccio et al. 2021 ) associated with interplanetary probes. The complete n-body barycentric metric tensor components are given by  (Damour et al. 1991; Soffel 2000 ) g 00 = 1 - 2w c 2 + 2w 2 c 4 , g 0 j = 4w j /c 3 , g jk = -δ jk 1 + 2w/c 2 , ( 63 ) where, for consistency we have adopted the opposite metric signature to  Soffel (2000)  and w is defined in terms of the individual contributions due to monopole w 0 and higher order post-Newtonian multipole w L moments of the A = 1,.
Acknowledgements JO'L would like to acknowledge several helpful discussions with  Professor James M. Hill  ( University of South Australia ) and  Professor Sam P. Drake  ( Flinders University ). In addition, JO'L would like to acknowledge  Dr. Michael Efroimksy  ( US Naval Observatory ) who provided helpful feedback on a first draft of the current manuscript. JPB is funded by a  DAR  grant in planetology from the  French Space Agency (CNES).
In the software trigger, two oppositely charged muons are required to form a good-quality vertex that is significantly displaced from every PV, with a dimuon mass exceeding 2. 7 GeV/c 2. Simulated events are used to describe signal shapes and to compute the efficiencies needed to determine the branching fraction ratios. In the simulation, pp collisions are generated using Pythia  [14]  with a specific LHCb configuration  [15]. Decays of unstable particles are described by EvtGen  [16] , in which final-state radiation is generated using Photos  [17]. The interaction of the generated particles with the detector, and its response, are implemented using the Geant4 toolkit  [18]  as described in Ref. [19]. The transverse momentum and rapidity spectra of the Λ 0 b baryons in simulated samples are adjusted to match those observed in a high-yield low-background sample of reconstructed Λ 0 b → J/ψpK -decays.
59 ± 1. 01) × 10 -2 , R π 2/1 = 0. 95 ± 0. 30 , R K 2/1 = 1. 06 ± 0. 05 , where the uncertainties are statistical only. Systematic uncertainties are discussed in the next section. Background-subtracted χ c1 p, χ c1 π -and pπ -mass distributions from the Λ 0 b → χ c1 pπ - decay are shown in Fig. 3. The sPlot technique, with the χ c1 pπ -mass as the discriminating variable, is used for background subtraction  [35]. The distributions are compared with those obtained from simulated decays generated according to a phase space model and, with the present dataset, no evidence for large contributions from possible exotic states is found.
Acknowledgements We express our gratitude to our colleagues in the CERN accelerator departments for the excellent performance of the LHC. We thank the technical and administrative staff at the  LHCb institutes. We acknowledge support from  CERN  and from the national agencies:  CAPES ,  CNPq ,  FAPERJ  and  FINEP (Brazil) ;  MOST  and  NSFC (China) ;  CNRS/IN2P3  (France);  BMBF ,  DFG  and  MPG (Germany) ;  INFN (Italy) ;  NWO (Netherlands) ;  MNiSW  and  NCN (Poland) ;  MEN/IFA (Romania) ;  MSHE (Russia) ;  MICINN (Spain) ;  SNSF  and  SER (Switzerland) ;  NASU (Ukraine) ;  STFC  ( United Kingdom );  DOE NP  and  NSF (USA). We acknowledge the computing resources that are provided by  CERN ,  IN2P3 (France) ,  KIT  and  DESY (Germany) ,  INFN (Italy) ,  SURF (Netherlands) ,  PIC (Spain) ,  GridPP  ( United Kingdom ),  RRCKI and Yandex LLC (Russia) ,  CSCS (Switzerland) ,  IFIN-HH (Romania) ,  CBPF (Brazil) ,  PL-GRID (Poland)  and  NERSC (USA).
5 min and 8 min, respectively. To improve the signal to noise ratio (S/N), ten and four accumulations were used for physical mixture and felodipine, respectively. One of the advantages of using the "solid echo" sequence is the fact that FID are not distorted by the deadtime of the radio frequency pulse. The analysis of FID (detected for maximum τ) provided information about spin-spin relaxation time T 2 , while the evolution of FID in a function of τabout spin-lattice relaxation time T 1 extracted from saturation recovery curve A. Pajzderska and J. Wąsicki  (magnetization recovery). All measurements were made at room temperature (295 K), except for the process of dehydration of PVP. Once determined, the curves were fitted using the least-squares method or non-linear least-squares fitting using the Levenburg-Marquardt algorithm using the PeakFit program (PeakFit-Jandel Scientific Software).
For the other samples, we observe the FID, which can also be described by three functions (Eq. (  6 )). Preliminary FID analysis of the mixtures showed that the signals obtained immediately after the sample preparation (when felodipine is in an amorphous form) and after 25 h are very similar. Again, in order to obtain quantitative data from the recorded FID, the values of T 2 G relaxation times were determined. FID with a short  after preparation, the T 2 time values are equal to 16. 8 μs and 18. 0 μs, respectively. The increase in T 2 for the mixtures is due to the fact that T 2 G for amorphous felodipine is greater than T 2 for PVP samples. 25 h after the preparation of the mixtures, T 2 is slightly shortened to the value of 15. 7 μs and 17. 2 μs for mixtures with PVP from bottle and dried PVP, respectively.
Acknowledgements This work was partially supported by the  Low-background Underground Cryogenic Installation For Elusive Rates (LUCIFER)  experiment, funded by  ERC  under the European Union's  Seventh Framework Programme  ( FP7/2007-2013) / ERC  grant agreement n. 247115, funded within the ASPERA 2nd  Common Call for R&D Activities , and was funded by the  Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare. We thank  M. Iannone  for his help in all the stages of the detector assembly,  A. Pelosi  for constructing the assembly line,  M. Guetti  for the assistance in the cryogenic operations,  R. Gaigher  for the mechanics of the calibration system,  M. Lindozzi  for the cryostat monitoring system,  M. Perego  for his invaluable help in many tasks, the mechanical workshop of LNGS ( E. Tatananni ,  A. Rotilio ,  A.
Corsi , and  B. Romualdi ) for the continuous help in the overall set-up design. A. S. Zolotorova is supported by the  Initiative Doctorale Interdisciplinaire 2015  project funded by the  Initiatives d'excellence Paris-Saclay ,  ANR-11-IDEX-0003-0. We acknowledge the  Dark Side Collaboration  for the use of the low-radon clean room. This work makes use of the DIANA data analysis and APOLLO data acquisition software which has been developed by the  CUORICINO, CUORE ,  LUCIFER  and  CUPID-0  collaborations.
Computational modeling The UniProt accession numbers for the M1 protein and the IgG subclasses 1-4 are Q99XV0, P01857, P01859, P01860, and P01861, respectively. Using Rosetta Software suit  [17] , comparative models have been generated for human IgG subclasses based on crystal structures deposited in protein data bank with PDB IDs 1hzh, 4haf, 5w38, and 4c54 for IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, and IgG4, respectively. For IgG1, we modeled the gap in the hinge region using DaReUS-Loop  [18, 19]  while the missing residues were added using MODELLER 9. 24  [20]. We then repacked the sidechains of the full structure, and made the final set of models with rosetta relax protocol considering the disulfide bridges as the input constraints. For computational modeling of the GAS M1 protein, we first separated the coiled-coil domain from signal peptide (N-terminal) and anchor (C-terminal), and searched them through HHpred  [21]  to find homologous structures (S1 Table ).
After that, considering the lysine residues on the interface, we produced all hypothetical XLs below the cut-off threshold of 32 Å (Euclidean distance) for the selected models and evaluated them all using DDA and DIA data. For DDA analysis, we first used the monoisotopic m/z value of all generated XLs to filter out the DDA spectrums. We then produced all fragment ions per XL and searched them through the filtered DDA spectra. The same approach is applied to DIA data by converting them to DDA file format using DIA-Umpire software  [26]. To score each generated model using XLs detected by either the hrMS1-based machine learning algorithm or DDA and DIA, we designed a simple weighted score based on the normal distribution of the length of the detected XLs. Considering the fact that the length of DSS is 11.
Evaluation of the Biacore data For the evaluation, the parameters were determined by Biacore Evaluation Software v. 2. 0 in binding analysis and kinetic evaluation based on curve-fitting algorithms which employs global fitting. Collected data for the experiment was analyzed in one fit using the kinetic fitting programs that yields ka, kd and KD values. Equilibrium binding analysis was performed by plotting the RU values measured in the plateau for each concentration and fitting the data to one of the binding models. First the binding was tested for the simplest 1-1 Langmuir binding model which follows the equation: A þ B ka $ kd AB where A is the analyte, B is the ligand, AB is the complex. The ka (rate of association, M -1 s -1 ) is measured from the reaction in the forward direction while the kd (dissociation rate, s -1 ) is measured from the reverse reaction.
The measured abundance distribution deviates from the distribution in human plasma (IgG1 > IgG2 > IgG3 > IgG4)  [12]. These results confirmed that IgG1 and IgG3 are the most abundant IgGs bound to S. pyogenes and that IgG3 is enriched on the surface of the wt strain compared to the deltaM1 mutant, due to a combination of Fab-and Fcbound IgGs. Moreover, data analysis of DDA samples using the sequence of the M1 protein and the heavy chains of all IgG subclasses resulted in the identification of several inter-and intra-cross-links (XLs). Accordingly, we obtained 21 distinct XLs, of which 17 are inter XLs (between the M1 protein and the different IgG subclasses), which were considered for modeling refinement. The majority of inter XLs (10 out of 17) supported the Fc-mediated binding of IgGs to M1, while the rest indicated novel Fab-mediated interactions supported by XLs between the M1 protein and the constant region of the Fab-domain.
This work was supported by  Foundation of Knut and Alice Wallenberg  ( 2016. 0023and 2019. 0353 ) to JM and LM;  Swiss National Science Foundation  (grant no. P2ZHP3_191289 ) to HK; The  Fondation pour la Recherche Medicale (Equipe FRM   2017M. DEQ20170839114 ) to YK and MN. Viral and  Bacterial Adhesin Network Training (ViBrANT) Program  funded by the  European Union 's  HORIZON 2020 Research and Innovation Program  under the  Marie Sklodowska-Curie  (Grant Agreement No  765042 ) to SC. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
The few previous studies that have examined perinatal outcomes have been limited by small sample sizes and heterogeneous, often vague diagnostic criteria for PAS. The aim of this study was to use cases from the IS-PAS database to investigate (1) the rate of emergency delivery observed at different gestations according to the severity of the PAS, (2) the differences in both maternal and neonatal morbidity between planned and emergency delivery according to gestation and (3) whether there were any factors which predicted the risk of emergency delivery.
| MATERIAL AND ME THODS This is a cohort study based on cases recorded in the IS-PAS FetView database; 14 European and one non-European center (USA) provided cases retrospectively between 2008 and 2014 and prospectively collected data from 2014 to 2019. 11 All the women with an antenatal diagnosis of suspected PAS were included whether or not they were confirmed as PAS at delivery. Cases with no antenatal suspicion of PAS were excluded from this analysis as the planned date of delivery will have been dependent on non-PAS-related factors. As the main outcome being investigated was planned timing of cesarean delivery (CD), additional exclusion criteria were: pregnancy outcomes other than CD (spontaneous vaginal delivery, miscarriage [spontaneous delivery or in utero demise <22 weeks' gestation] and termination of pregnancy), missing data on timing of CD, multiple pregnancy and neonates with major congenital anomalies, as all of these factors may have affected the decision on timing.
| RE SULTS In total, 442 women were included in the IS-PAS database; 86 of these women did not meet the inclusion criteria, leaving 356 women in this analysis (Figure  1 ). Among the 356 women included, 239 (67%) underwent a planned CD and 117 (33%) an emergency CD. Vaginal bleeding was the indication for emergency delivery in 41 of 117 women (41%). There were no differences between the two groups in terms of the main maternal characteristics except that the women who delivered as an emergency had a higher parity (P =. 01) and lower body mass index (P =. 02: Table  1 ). The proportion of women experiencing antepartum hemorrhage was significantly higher in the group with an emergency delivery (66% vs 28%, P <. 001). When multivariate analysis was performed, antepartum hemorrhage was the only significant independent predictor of emergency CD (adjusted odds ratio: 4.
59). After 34 +1 weeks' gestation, there were no significant differences TA B L E 1 Maternal characteristics and outcomes for women undergoing planned and emergency delivery b Data presented as n (%) and analyzed by Chi-square test. c Data presented as n (%) and analyzed by Fisher's Exact test. d Different morbidities in one mother are counted separately. seen between the planned and emergency outcomes except that the babies born as an emergency after 36 +1 weeks were significantly smaller (P =. 03). The rate of infants experiencing any major neonatal morbidity was 25% at 34 +0 weeks and 19% at 36 +0 weeks. There was one neonatal mortality; this baby was born at 34 +4 weeks by emergency CD for fetal compromise. The baby was small for gestational age, weighing 1740 g at birth. There were no stillbirths.
However, it once more highlights the need for an improvement in the antenatal diagnosis of PAS, in order to reduce the overtreatment of women without disease and to avoid the consequences of an iatrogenic premature delivery to their infants. The strength of the present study is the wide population involved, with all the cases included managed in referral centers specialized in the management of PAS. One additional strength of this study is the use of a standardized definition of the intraoperative appearance of the PAS disease. This allowed a consistent definition of all the cases included in the database in terms of severity of the disease. Indeed, the heterogeneous definition used in former studies is the first challenge when dealing with PAS. The interpretation of the clinical evidence will vary according to the definitions used to diagnose PAS.
This limitation might have also impacted on the rate of missing information for some of the variables analyzed. For instance, the occurrence of any neonatal morbidity was not reported in 22 (6%) women in the study. Additionally, according to the actual form of the IS-PAS database, we were unable to provide any information about the amount/ degree of bleeding before delivery, the number of bleeding episodes and the need for antepartum hospitalization, each of which may be a risk factor for an emergency delivery. Additional studies on such risk factors in women with PAS may be helpful and might be considered for future research. Furthermore, all participating.
Experimental process Each sensory session (5 sessions in total, with 5/6 samples per session) lasted approximately 20 minutes, with a 30-second break between samples. Samples were arranged in randomized balanced order generated by Compusense Software (Compusense, Ontario, Canada). Participants attended every session, where they sampled randomly 5/6 samples of seaweed crackers. Each participant tested every seaweed cracker sample but not all in the same session. Data collection utilized a similar protocol outlined by Vázquez-Araújo et al. (  2013 ), but with amendments. Panelists were seated in individual booths with green light illumination to mask the color of the seaweed samples, which removed the visual bias and ability to identify seaweed variety by appearance. Table  1  shows the fortification and controls of crackers prepared prior to panelists completing this study.
Search for charginos and neutralinos in final states with two boosted hadronically decaying bosons and missing transverse momentum in   collisions at √  = 13 TeV with the ATLAS detector The ATLAS Collaboration A search for charginos and neutralinos at the Large Hadron Collider using fully hadronic final states and missing transverse momentum is reported. Pair-produced charginos or neutralinos are explored, each decaying into a high- T Standard Model weak boson. Fully hadronic final states are studied to exploit the advantage of the large branching ratio, and the efficient rejection of backgrounds by identifying the high- T bosons using large-radius jets and jet substructure information. An integrated luminosity of 139 fb -1 of proton-proton collision data collected by the ATLAS detector at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV is used.
Data and Monte Carlo simulation 4. 1 Data sample The data events used in the analysis are from proton-proton collisions at √  = 13 TeV, recorded during stable beam conditions at the LHC during 2015-2018. The collected dataset corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 139 fb -1 after applying the data quality criteria  [73]. The primary dataset was collected by triggers targeting large missing transverse momentum  [74]. Events were accepted when the  miss T calculated at trigger level was greater than 70-110 GeV, with the threshold rising with the increased instantaneous luminosity during the data-taking period. The efficiency reaches approximately 100% for events reconstructed offline with  miss T > 200 GeV, which is generally required in the search. Auxiliary data samples used to validate the background estimation were selected using triggers requiring at least one isolated electron, muon or photon  [75, 76].
2. 2. The photons must be isolated according to a smooth-cone isolation criterion  [91]. Samples of  t and single-top-quark (+) events were generated with P B  [92] [93] [94] [95]  v2 at NLO with the NNPDF3. 0 PDF sets. The top quark mass was set to 172. 5 GeV. For the  t generation, the ℎ damp parameter, which controls the  T of the first additional emission beyond the Born configuration in P , was set to 1. 5 times the top quark mass. This is to regulate the high- T emission recoiling against the  t system so as to reproduce the data  [96]. The parton shower, fragmentation, and underlying event were simulated using P 8. 230 with the NNPDF2. 3 PDF set and the A14 tune  [97]. The decays of bottom and charm hadrons were performed by E G 1. 6. 0 [98]. The diagram removal scheme  [99]  was employed to account for the interference between  t and single-top  production.
Exclusion limits on ( 𝑾, 𝑩) simplified model: ( 𝑾, 𝑩)-SIM The exclusion limits for the ( , ) simplified models (C1C1-WW, C1N2-WZ and C1N2-Wh) are also derived, in order to directly compare the search sensitivity with the previous ATLAS analyses. Figure  15  shows the obtained exclusion as a function of the produced wino mass (  ± 1 /  0 2 ) and the bino LSP mass (  0 1 ). For C1C1-WW, (  ± 1 ) between 630 GeV and 760 GeV is excluded for (  0 1 ) < 80 GeV. For C1N2-WZ (C1N2-Wh), (  ± 1 /  0 2 ) between 440 GeV and 960 GeV (400 GeV and 1060 GeV) is excluded for (  0 1 ) < 300 GeV (420 GeV). 13 he sensitivity to high-mass winos is significantly improved relative to ATLAS searches using the other final states and the same dataset. For example, the expected limits on C1N2-WZ (C1N2-Wh) are typically extended by about 300  (140)  GeV in (  ± 1 /  0 2 ), corresponding to exclusion of signals with a 7.
Acknowledgments We thank  CERN  for the very successful operation of the LHC, as well as the support staff from our institutions without whom ATLAS could not be operated efficiently. We acknowledge the support of  ANPCyT , Argentina; YerPhI, Armenia;  ARC, Australia ;  BMWFW  and  FWF , Austria; ANAS, Azerbaĳan; SSTC, Belarus;  CNPq  and  FAPESP, Brazil ;  NSERC ,  NRC  and  CFI ,  Canada ; CERN;  ANID, Chile ;  CAS ,  MOST  and  NSFC, China ;  Minciencias ,  Colombia; MSMT CR ,  MPO CR  and  VSC CR, Czech Republic ;  DNRF  and  DNSRC, Denmark ;  IN2P3-CNRS  and  CEA-DRF/IRFU , France; SRNSFG, Georgia; BMBF,  HGF  and  MPG , Germany; GSRI, Greece; RGC and  Hong Kong SAR, China ;  ISF and Benoziyo Center, Israel ;  INFN, Italy ;  MEXT  and  JSPS, Japan ; CNRST, Morocco; NWO, Netherlands; RCN, Norway;  MNiSW  and  NCN , Poland; FCT, Portugal; MNE/IFA, Romania; JINR;  MES of Russia  and  NRC KI , Russian Federation; MESTD, Serbia; MSSR, Slovakia; ARRS and MIZŠ, Slovenia; DSI/NRF, South Africa; MICINN, Spain;  SRC and Wallenberg Foundation, Sweden ;  SERI ,  SNSF  and  Cantons of Bern and Geneva, Switzerland; MOST, Taiwan ;  TAEK, Turkey; STFC, United Kingdom ;  DOE  and  NSF ,  United States of America.