dataesr/scientific-paragraphs-categorization huggingface dataset:
, 2016 National psychiatric R Evaluation of the risk to develop ALS Psychiatric disease, especially bipolar disorder and database / reference in psychiatric pts schizophrenia = higher risk to develop ALS, mainly cohort the year after psychiatric illness onset Verschueren et al. , 71 pts Prospective, Depression: BDI Columbia Suicide 39% express either passive or active suicidal 2018 observational severity rating scale Reasons for ideation. Depressive symptoms, worse disability cohort study Living inventory for adults. and coping beliefs scores more present in pts expressing suicidal ideation Vignola et al. , 2008 75 pts / CG LS Depression: ZDS Anxiety: STAI High anxiety in pts and CG during the diagnostic phase QoL decreases in CG but not in pts at follow-up Wei et al. , 2016 91 pts CS Neuropsychiatric symptoms and Depression 59%, anxiety 41%, lability 26%.
Introduction: We describe the characteristics of patients with moderate/advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD) according to receipt of lipid-lowering therapy (LLT), and whether they achieved low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) targets for high-and very high-risk patients. Methods: CKD-REIN (NCT03381950), a prospective cohort study conducted in 40 nephrology clinics in France, enrolled 3033 patients with moderate (stage G3) or advanced (stage G4/G5) CKD (2013À2016) who had not been on chronic dialysis or undergone kidney transplantation. Data were collected from patients' interviews and medical records. Patients were followed up at 1 year. Results: Among 2542 patients (mean [SD] age 67 [13] years, 34% women) with LDL-C measurements at baseline (mean [SD] LDL-C 2. 7 [1. 1] mmol/l; cholesterol 4.
CKD-REIN (NCT03381950) is an ongoing prospective French cohort study that enrolled patients with CKD who attended a routine nephrology clinic between July 2013 and April 2016. 7, 8 The study was carried out in 40 nationally representative health facilities (public, private, nonprofit, and private for profit) that provided outpatient nephrology care. The protocol was approved by the French National Institute of Health and Medical Research (Inserm) institutional review board (IRB00003888). All patients provided informed consent to participate. During the census phase of the study (2013À2015), we screened all patients aged $18 years with a proven diagnosis of moderate (stage G3) or advanced (stage G4) CKD based on 2 measures of estimated glomerular filtration rate $15 and <60 ml/min per 1. 73 m 2 (done $1 month apart) who had not previously been on chronic dialysis or undergone kidney transplantation, and had no plans to relocate.
During the inclusion phase (mid-2013 to April 2016), these eligible patients were invited to participate in the study when they attended their routine nephrology visit. Eligible patients who had moved to stage G2 or G5 (without being on dialysis or transplanted) between the census and inclusion phases were included, assuming that this would reduce selection bias resulting from variability in kidney function. Data were extracted by trained clinical research associates from patients' medical records and hospitalization reports. Patient interviews, self-administered questionnaires, and routine biological measurements were collected at baseline and annually. The study database included information on patient characteristics (age, sex, educational level, smoking status, body mass index); medical history (CKD history, CVD history, and risk factors); laboratory measurements (CKD-Epidemiology Collaboration 10 -based estimated glomerular filtration rate, LDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose, and glycated hemoglobin), using the value taken closest to the time of inclusion, up to 6 months before the date of inclusion; and medication use (including type of LLT) and adherence to prescribed medications.
Data from patients on LLT versus not on LLT were compared using the Wilcoxon test or c 2 test. As patients with both CKD and type 2 diabetes have the highest cardiovascular risk, a complementary analysis in this subgroup was undertaken. LLT use by CKD stage was compared using the Cochran-Armitage trend P value for binary variables. LDL-C target attainment, by cardiovascular risk category, was assessed, overall and by treatment modality (no LLT, statin and/or ezetimibe, or other LLT). Among patients treated with a statin and/or ezetimibe, the odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) of reaching the LDL-C target associated with the intensity of treatment were estimated using logistic regression adjusted for age, sex, cardiovascular risk, treatment adherence, educational level, body mass index, and albuminuria.
RESULTS Between July 2013 and April 2016, 3033 patients were enrolled in the French CKD-REIN study, of whom 2542 had data on medications and LDL-C values at inclusion. After excluding 15 patients with missing treatment data at 1 year, 63 who died before starting renal replacement therapy, 81 who started renal replacement therapy, and 12 who withdrew from the study, the study population for the 1-year analysis comprised 2371 patients (Supplementary Figure  S1 ). The mean (SD) age of the population was 67 (13) years, 34% were women, and 36% were obese (Table  1 ). More than half (53%) of the patients had a history of CVD (atherosclerotic in 37%), 90% had hypertension, and 42% had diabetes. Overall, 602 patients (24%) were classified at high cardiovascular risk, and 1886 (74%) at very high risk: 762 (30%) with CKD stage G3 and a history of atherosclerotic CVD or diabetes, and 1124 (44%) with CKD stage G4/5.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We thank the patients, study staff ( Sophie Renault ,  Marie Metzger ,  Elodie Speyer ,  Celine Lange ,  Reine Ketchemin ) and clinical research associates. Sophie Rushton-Smith, PhD  ( MedLink Healthcare Communications ) provided medical writing assistance, under the direction of the authors, and was funded by  MSD France. The CKD-REIN cohort study is funded by the  Agence Nationale de la Recherche  through the  2010 "Cohortes-Investissements d'Avenir" program  and by the 2010 national  Programme Hospitalier de Recherche Clinique. CKD-REIN  is also supported through a public-private partnership with  Amgen, Fresenius Medical Care , and  GlaxoSmithKline  (GSK) since 2012; Lilly France since 2013; Otsuka Pharmaceutical since 2015; Baxter and  Merck Sharp & Dohme-Chibret  ( MSD France ) from 2012 to 2017;  Sanofi-Genzyme  from  2012  to 2015, and  Vifor Fresenius  and AstraZeneca since 2018.
In silico analysis The genome sequences corresponding to the three C. burnetii strains of interest (the Guiana, the German, the Nine Mile strains) and the sequence of the strain isolated during The Netherlands outbreak, i. e. NL3262, were retrieved from the NCBI database. Then, a comparative analysis of RSA 493 (Genbank: NC_002971. 4), Z3055 9Genbank: NZ_LK937696), NL3262 (Genbank: NZ_CP013667), and Guiana (Genbank: HG825990. 30 was performed (please see Supplementary Material). Unique genes were defined as genes present in a single strain only, whereas missing genes were defined as absent in a strain when compared with the others strains. The phylogenetic tree was performed using PhyMl software (please see Supplementary Material). In vitro experiment Culture/bacteria. The Nine Mile strain served as reference.
Statistical analysis Statistical tests were performed using the Graphpad Prism 6® software. When distribution was normal, variables were expressed using mean ± standard deviation or, when distribution was not normal, as medians. One-way ANOVA was used to compare many groups for normally distributed variables. A KruskaleWallis test by ranks was performed to compare nonnormally distributed variables. A two-by-two comparison of non-parametric data was performed using a two-tailed nonparametric ManneWhitney test.
Transparency declaration The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare. Funding source:  URMITE, IHU M editerran ee Infection. This work was supported by the  French Government  under the  Investissements d'avenir (Investments for the Future) program  managed by the  Agence Nationale de la Recherche  ( ANR , fr:  National Agency for Research) , (reference: M editerran ee Infection  10-IAHU-03 ). This work was also supported by  R egion Provence Alpes Côte d'Azur and European funding FEDER PRIMMI (Fonds Europ een de D eveloppement R egional -Plateformes de Recherche et d'Innovation Mutualis ees M editerran ee Infection).
Data collection The following data were collected for each patient: age, sex, body mass index (BMI), comorbidities, day of surgery, type of arthroplasty, date and destination of discharge, and whether re-admission was required within 30 days. The classification for medical procedures applied in French hospitals was used to record comorbidities, as follows: obesity (BMI≥30 kg/m 2 ), hypertension, heart failure (left or right sided), coronary artery disease, diabetes, obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic respiratory failure, asthma, smoking, history of stroke, and anxiety-depressive disorder (Appendix 1). Table  1  reports the main features of the study patients according to the type of surgery performed.
10 by univariate analysis. At each step of the statistical analysis, adjustment on the type of surgery (THA or TKA) was performed. The hazard ratios (HRs) and odds ratios (ORs) were computed with their 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs). Values of p <0. 05 were taken to indicate significant associations by multivariate analysis. Descriptive statistics were computed for the characteristics of the study population, ±SD and the median (range) and qualitative variables using n (%). All statistical analyses were run on SAS version 9. 4 software (SAS Institute, Cary, NC, USA).
Results Our hospital database search identified 1739 potentially eligible patients, of whom 76 were found to have exclusion criteria, leaving 1663 patients for the study, 938 in the THA group and 725 in the TKA group (Figure  1 ). Readmission within 30 days occurred in 40 (4. 3%) THA patients and 11 (1. 5%) TKA patients (Table  1 ). The univariate analyses of the primary outcome measure showed no associations with obesity, obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, or anxiety-depressive disorder ( Females were significantly less likely to be readmitted within 30 days (OR, 0. 535; 95%CI, 0. 294-0. 973) (Table  4 ). In the THA group, discharge to a rehabilitation unit was associated with higher rates of medical complications (p=0. 0017) and further surgery (p=0.
[6]  observed that surgery on a Friday was associated with a shorter LOS but found no explanation to this unexpected result. Early mobilisation is known to be associated with shorter LOS durations  [22]. In our patients, however, contrary to common practice in other centres, early ambulation was guided by assistant nurses instead of by physical therapists. Nonetheless, rather than the category of staff responsible for ensuring early ambulation, the smaller number of staff members present during the first 48 hours after surgery, notably on Saturday afternoons, may explain the longer LOS durations in patients who had surgery on a Friday  [6]. Discharge to a rehabilitation unit was associated with a longer LOS in our population. Similarly, a vast database study by El Bitar et al. [9]  of over 1.
We arbitrarily chose 5 days, i. e. , the median LOS in our population, to define the primary outcome measure. However, the sensitivity analyses performed using 4, 7, or 10 days produced similar results. Given the single-centre patient recruitment, our findings may not apply to all populations, although our large sample size produced robust estimates of the outcome measures chosen for the study. The hospital database used to identify the study patients may have contained errors. Any such errors were probably minimal, as the prevalences in our population were consistent with those found in French epidemiological studies  [30] [31] [32] [33] [34]  and in studies of arthroplasty patients  [20, 35]. Furthermore, the consistency of our data with the results of the international literature, as cited above, support the external validity of our findings.
Approval for the use of the data was provided by the Institutional Review Board of the French Learned Society for Pulmonology (CEPRO 2011-039). Pulmonary function tests and the 6MWT were performed at baseline; all other tests were performed at the patient's home throughout the study (see Assessments section). Forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 s and total lung capacity were measured by spirometry and plethysmography with a Jaeger-Masterlab cabin (Vyaire Medical, Hoechberg, Germany), and single-breath diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (DLCO (mL•min -1 •mmHg -1 )) was measured and corrected for haemoglobin concentration. Values are expressed as percentages of the predicted normal values  [12]. Patients with FVC ⩾50% predicted and DLCO ⩾30% predicted were classified as having mild-to-moderate disease, and patients with FVC <50% predicted and/or DLCO <30% predicted were classified as having severe disease  [13].
Changes in study outcomes according to disease severity or type were assessed by including a time interaction term in a linear mixed model. All analyses were repeated for the cohort who completed the 12-month follow-up (n=62; sensitivity analysis). Results are expressed as means and 95% confidence intervals. All analyses were performed using a two-tailed test with an α-level of 0. 05. Statistical analyses were performed using SAS version 9. 4 (SAS Institute, Cary, NC, USA).
Acknowledgements: We thank the rehabilitation team from  FormAction Santé (Pérenchies, France) :  Gaelle Tywoniuk ,  Sophie Duriez ,  Matthieu Grosbois ,  Florence Urbain ,  Virginie Wauquier  and  Marjorie Lambinet. The authors also wish to thank  Anne M. O'Rourke  (Scientific and Medical Writing, San Diego, CA,  USA)  for editing of the manuscript. Author contributions:  B. Wallaert ,  L. Duthoit  and  J-M. Grosbois  had full access to all data, and take responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of data analysis, including and especially any adverse effects. E. Drumez ,  H. Behal ,  L. Wemeau  and  C. Chenivesse  contributed substantially to the study design, data analysis and interpretation, and writing of the manuscript.
Introduction: Following any oral surgery procedure, postoperative pain is an inevitable outcome and can be described as moderate to severe. The pain management is essential for the comfort and the well-being of the patients. Topical delivery and more specifically transmucosal delivery systems seem to be of great value for the development of new pain management strategies. Method: A systematic literature review was performed using PubMedCentral database. Only PubMedCentral indexed publications were selected and included if they described i) a human clinical study with pharmacokinetic and/or pain relief assessment a biomaterial for topic delivery, ii) the delivery of analgesics or NSAIDs for analgesic purpose and iii) a biomaterial for topic delivery. Results: Ten articles were selected among which 4 pharmacokinetic studies and 8 studies describing pain relief.
Article selection PubMedCentral indexed publications were selected and included if they described i) a human clinical study with pharmacokinetic and/or pain relief assessment, ii) the delivery of analgesics or NSAIDs for analgesic purpose and iii) a biomaterial for topic delivery. On the contrary, they were not included if they were related to i) only an in vitro study (no human clinical study), ii) the treatment of pain related to cancer, iii) the delivery of a non analgesic molecule, iv) an extra oral delivery and v) an analgesic therapy for veterinary purpose. The authors independently extracted data and assessed study quality. The objective was to characterize the analgesia efficacy after transmucosal topical delivery. Following parameters were selected and systematically analyzed: the population studied, the sampling, the analgesia, the pharmacokinetics and the in vitro properties.
Assessments Patients were evaluated at home just before (ie, T 0 ) and after PR (ie, T 2 ). During a medical consultation at baseline, sociodemographic (ie, age, sex, body mass, height, body mass index and socioeconomic deprivation score) and spirometric data (ie, forced expiratory volume in one second: FEV 1 , forced vital capacity: FVC, FEV 1 /FVC and the severity of airflow limitation), as well as treatment (ie, long-term oxygen therapy: LTOT, non-invasive ventilation: NIV, continuous positive airways pressure: CPAP) were collected. As described elsewhere,  5, 19  the evaluation of exercise tolerance included a 10 times sit-to-stand test (10STS), a timed up-and-go test (TUG), and a 6 min stepper test (6MST). The 10STS consists of standing up until reaching full knee extension and sitting back down 10 times as fast as possible while seated at the front of a 42-cm-high chair.
Acknowledgements The authors would like to thank the rehabilitation team who managed the patients:  S. Duriez ,  M. Grosbois ,  M. Lambinet ,  G. Tywoniuk ,  F. Urbain , and  V. Wauquier. The authors also express their thanks to the  'Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire Homme Société (Université de Rouen-Normandie)'  for their contribution in this study.
All tests were conducted on sample surfaces parallel to the build plate, or the XY plane in ASTM terminology. The preparation strategy and test surfaces were chosen to approximate pre-implantation implant surfaces, however, it is important to note that as orthopaedic implants involve curvature in the x, y and z axes, it is unproductive to complete testing in all axes at this initial stage of data collection. Samples were labelled according to the parameter combination used to produce them (per Table  3. ), e. g. PBF Ti-6Al-4V samples produced using a laser scan speed of 200 mm/s and a laser power of 80 W were labelled as MOD 11 samples. Imaging of all samples was carried out using an FEI Phenom scanning electron microscope (SEM) operating at 5k V. A Bruker D8 Advance X-ray diffractometer was used to perform xray diffraction (XRD) on samples.
A Cu Kα radiation source was used, with analysis performed at 40 kV and 40 mA. The diffraction angle range used was between 30˚and 100˚, with a step increment of 0. 5˚and a time step of 0. 25 seconds. The obtained spectra were compared to reference data from the International Centre for Diffraction Data using DIFFRACplus EVA software (AXS, Bruker, Karlsruhe, Germany). Average surface roughness (Ra) was analysed using a Veeco Wyko NT1100 optical profilometer. The samples were imaged using vertical shift interference (VSI) mode, 1. 0x magnification, 1. 0x laser scan speed and a threshold of 0. 1%. The back scan and the length were set at 200 μm and 500 μm. 5 measurements were taken for each sample group, with re-grinding and polishing steps following each measurement (i. e. multiple layers were examined).
Porosity was determined using optical microscopy, rather than porosimetry techniques, due to the nature of the porosity expected; the non-connected (and stochastic) pores are likely to contain unmelted or partially melted particles, as there is no scope for particle removal during or following the formation of these pores. The agglomeration of particles within these pores affects the measurement of density and porosity through displacement techniques or porosimetry respectively, and thus porosity was determined through optical analyses. All samples were sonicated for 3 minutes in ethanol, dried with compressed air, and imaged using an Olympus GX51 optical microscope at 5x magnification. Image analysis (to determine % porosity and average pore area) was carried out using ImageJ (v1. 50b), an image analysis software created by Wayne Rasband of the National Institutes of Health (Bethesda, MD, USA)-this software is commonly used in biomaterials research.
Introduction In less than four decades, the Asian tiger mosquito Aedes albopictus (Skuse, 1894) has become a public health concern owing to its ability to transmit several human pathogenic viruses such as Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), Dengue viruses (DENV) and Zika virus (ZIKV)  [1]. This vector is responsible of several recent arboviral outbreaks (reviewed by  [2] ) and astonished by the speed at which it has conquered all continents except Antarctica  [3, 4] , thus becoming one of the world's 100-most invasive species according to the Global Invasive Species Database. Originally native to tropical forests of South-East Asia, Ae. albopictus was confined for centuries to few regions in Asia. Starting in the eighteenth or nineteenth centuries, Ae. albopictus was introduced in the islands of the Indian Ocean by Asian immigrants.
5 mM MgCl2, 0. 27 mM dNTPs (Invitrogen™, CA, USA), 1U Taq polymerase (Invitrogen™), and 10 µM of each primer (one was 5 ′ labelled with a fluorescent dye). PCR cycling conditions consisted in a step at 94°C for 5 min, followed by 29 cycles at 94°C for 30 s, 58°C for 30 s, and 72°C for 30 s with a final step at 72°C for 10 min. Aliquots of PCR products were visualized in 2% agarose gels stained with ethidium bromide under UV light. Each PCR product was then diluted 1:10 in ddH2O water and 2 µL of this dilution was added to 10 µL of a mixture of deionized formamide and GeneScan-500 ROX size standard (Applied Biosystems, CA, USA). Genotyping was processed in an ABI3730XL sequence analyser (Applied Biosystems) and data analyzed using GeneScan and Genemapper softwares.
Graphic representation of relatedness among populations Genetic relationships between populations were estimated by using PHYLIP 3. 69, as previously described  [41]. Cavalli-Sforza & Edwards's (CSE) chord distance for each pair of populations was calculated (GENDIST module). The resulting distance matrix was used to create a phylogram based on Neighbour-Joining (NEIGH-BOUR module). Node confidence was inferred via 100 bootstrap replicates (modules SEQ-BOOT, GENDIST, NEIGHBOUR and CONSENSE).
Genetic structure of populations Genetic population structure was assessed with individual-based Bayesian clustering method implemented in the program STRUCTURE v. 2. 3. 4  [42]. The likelihood of each possible number of genetic populations (K), ranging from 1 to 20, was calculated after 10 independent runs for each value of K, using a burn-in of 500,000 replications, 500,000 Markov Chain Monte Carlo steps, assuming an admixture model, with frequencies correlated between populations and without the use of sampling location as a prior. The most likely number of populations (K) was estimated by the ΔK method described by Evanno et al. [43]  with Structure Harvester software (http://taylor0. biology. ucla. edu/ structureHarvester/). The results were then graphically displayed with DISTRUCT 1.
NIRVS in natural populations Six NIRVS (AlbFlavi1, AlbFlavi2, AlbFlavi4, Alb-Flavi10, AlbFlavi36, AlbFlavi41), plus CSA  [21] , were studied. They were chosen based on their unique occurrence in different regions of the Foshan genome, except for AlbFlavi41, known to be duplicated. Because of its length  [21] , CSA was characterized using two sets of primers (CSA-NS3 and CSA-JJL), and considered in analysis as two separated datasets (Supplementary Table  1 ). NIRVS were searched on the same mosquitoes as those used for microsatellite genotyping. PCR primers flanking each NIRVS (Supplementary Table  1 ) were designed using PRIMER3  [45]. PCR reactions were performed in a final volume of 25 μL using 5 ng of DNA, PCR buffer 1X, 2. 9 mM MgCl 2 , 0. 25 mM dNTP mix, 0. 25 μM of each primer and 1.