dataesr/scientific-paragraphs-categorization huggingface dataset:
Statistical Analysis Statistical analyses were performed using Prism version 7. 0 software (GraphPad, Northside, CA, USA). Normality of experiment data was examined using a Shapiro-Wilk test. A one-way analysis of variance test (ANOVA) followed by a Tukey's multiple comparison post-test comparing means between different groups were performed. The level of statistical significance was set at p-value < 0. 05.
Study design, population, and ethics This cross-sectional study with a prospective recruitment was conducted following the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) statements. A total of 102 parents of children with severe early caries attending the paediatric dentistry department of Lille University Hospital for treatment participated in the study. The sample represents the Haut-de-France region. The French Personal Protection Committee approved the study, and the protocol was recorded on ClinicalTrials. gov (Identifier: NCT04195607). A Participant Information Sheet was provided, and a written consent from all participants was obtained prior to their inclusion in the study. Participants were selected according criteria, between November 2019 and October 2020 at Lille University Hospital (North of France), Odontology Service, Pole of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Functional Unit of Paediatric Dentistry.
Parent interview Data on family predictors were collected using a structured questionnaire developed by the researcher (TM) based on the literature  [19]. The questionnaire was written in French and explored two types of variables: quantitative and qualitative. The questionnaire was piloted in a non-target sample of three parents of children with S-ECC. The formulation of certain questions were later modified. The participants completed the questionnaire during a face-to-face interview with the investigator who performed the clinical examination. Interviews were conducted in a consulting room of the hospital. The questionnaire consisted of three sections with a total of 34 items. The first section concerns the child's medical history (i. e. presence of disease or use of medication) and oral health practices (i.
Filling Ability Both surfaces of each disc were observed using an optical microscope (KEYENCE, Osaka, Japon) at 50× magnification. The VHX-5000 communication software (KEYENCE, Osaka, Japon) was used to determine the length of the smaller/bigger circumferences. The same software was used to measure the void percentages by dividing the void area on the filled root canal area (Figure  1 ). continuous water cooling. Seven discs of 1 mm of thickness were obtained from each tooth.
Failure Mode Analysis After the push-out test, an optical microscope (Keyence, Osaka, Japan) was used to investigate the failure mode in each specimen at 200× magnification. The VHX-5000 software was used to calculate the percentage of each area to define the type of failure. The failures were categorized  [35]  into (i) adhesive failure between the dentin and cement and/or between the cement and fiber post; (ii) cohesive failure within the fiber post, den- The adhesion area of the root canal was measured using the following formula: S = 1 /2 a h 2 + b h a = (bigger circumference-smaller circumference)/h b = smaller circumference h = the thickness of the section (1 mm).
Failure Mode Analysis After the push-out test, an optical microscope (Keyence, Osaka, Japan) was used to investigate the failure mode in each specimen at 200× magnification. The VHX-5000 software was used to calculate the percentage of each area to define the type of failure. The failures were categorized  [35]  into (i) adhesive failure between the dentin and cement and/or between the cement and fiber post; (ii) cohesive failure within the fiber post, dentin, or cement material; (iii) mixed failure.
Statistical Analysis The normality of data within both groups was verified using the Shapiro-Wilk test. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) including multiple comparison procedures (Holm-Sidak method and Tukey Test) was applied to determine whether significant differences existed between the different fiber posts for the bond strength values and void percentages. Sigma Plot (11. 2, Systat Software, Inc. , San Jose, CA, USA) was used for data analyses with a significance level at α = 0. 05.
Supplementary Materials: Available online at www. mdpi. com/article/10. 3390/catal11111269/s1. 1 H and 13 C NMR spectra; Contour plots of HOMOs and LUMOs for Napht-1 to Napht-5. Funding: This research was funded by The Association of Specialization and Scientific Guidance, the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Aix Marseille Université and the Université de Haute Alsace. This research was also funded by the Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR agency) through the PhD grant of Guillaume Noirbent (ANR-17-CE08-0054 VISICAT project).
Preoperative planning procedure CT data were imported in DICOM files into the 3D slicer software (Kitware 1 , N-Y, USA) to create a stereolithographic (STL) file. It was exported in Meshmixer software (Autodesk 1 , USA). The position of the middle sagittal plane of the skull was established by marking three points (sella, nasion and subspinal) to mirror the uninjured side to the fractured side (Fig. 1 ). The resulting virtual model was printed (Flashforge 1 Pro Creator). Titanium plates and mesh were shaped according to the model and sterilized (Fig. 2 ).
Study variables and outcome parameters Study variables were epidemiological data and sequelae at 6 months (diplopia, enophthalmos, sensory disorder of the infraorbital nerve, loss of zygomatic projection and limitation of mouth opening). Outcome measures comprised: orbital volume and facial symmetry, complications and rate of secondary surgery. The orbital volumes were measured double-blind in millilitres by a maxillofacial surgeon and a radiologist using OsiriX 1 MD. Manual segmentation was used to delineate the boundaries of the orbit. A line connecting lateral and medial orbital rim landmarks on each slice defined the anterior limit. The posterior limit was set at the opening of the optic foramen into the orbit. The most superior and inferior axial slices were confirmed by sagittal plane autolocation on a sagittal-plane view.
Statistical analysis Statistical analyses were performed using Stata software version 13 (StataCorp, College Station, TX). The tests were twosided with the type-I error set at 5%. The continuous data were expressed as the mean AE standard deviation (SD) or median [interquartile range], according to the statistical distribution. The assumption of normality was assessed with the Shapiro-Wilk's test. The comparisons between groups were performed using Student ttest or Mann-Whitney test when assumptions required for the t-test were not met. The homoscedasticity was analyzed using Fisher-Snedecor test. The comparisons concerning categorical data were realized using Chi 2 or Fisher's exact test. For paired comparisons, Student paired t-test or Wilcoxon test were applied.
Patient data A total of 19 patients were included in the study (15 males and 4 females). Thirteen were treated before February 2016 (conventional surgery group) and 6 after February 2016 with pre-bent plates (study group). Age ranged between 19 and 69 years in the conventional group (mean 36. 4 AE 14. 8 years) and between 25 and 66 years in the study group (mean 42. 7 AE 15. 5 years). Patient demographics and cause of injury are given in Table  1. Patient characteristics in the two groups were similar (gender distribution [P = 0. 76], overall age [P = 0. 31]) as was distribution of the main causes of fractures. In the control group, Titanium meshes were used for 3/13 (23. 1%) and PDS plates for 10/13 (76. 9%) patients. In the study group, titanium meshes were used for all 6 patients.
Patient's selection In our rheumatology department, a day hospital has been dedicated to patients with dry syndrome (DS) since 2000. For each patient, a clinical (including otorhinopharyngeal and ophthalmological examination), biological evaluation and salivary gland biopsy have been performed. We have included all patients presenting at this day hospital, from June 2015 to September 2019, in whom a SGUS has been performed. All patients who participated to the dry syndrome day hospital signed a consent form for using their data anonymously for research. SS diagnosis was made retrospectively according to 2016 ACR/EULAR criteria. All medical files were reviewed to ensure that they met these criteria.
Screening and Eligibility of Publications Titles and abstracts were reviewed for eligibility. The inclusion criteria were: (i) publications written in English language; (ii) publications published between 2010 and April 2021; (iii) publications presenting human studies; (iv) publications focusing on pregnant woman; (v) publications focusing on periodontal disease or periodontal microbiota; (vii) publications focusing on pre-eclampsia. The exclusion criteria were: (i) pregnant woman with systemic diseases and (ii) congress abstracts or commentaries. The selection of studies was done independently by the two reviewers based on a screening of titles and abstracts qualified in the electronic database. The selected papers were cross-checked, and any discrepancies were resolved by including a third author (F.
X-ray tomography The internal structure of the MTA based materials was inspected in 3D by means of microcomputed x-ray tomography (µCT) (EasyTom 160 from RX Solutions, Chavanod, France). For this characterization, the as-processed material rod-identical to that used for the compression tests-was glued onto a graphite sample holder. Imaging was conducted at a voltage of 45 kV and a current of 160 µA, using a micro-focused tube equipped with a tungsten filament. The source-to-detector distance (SDD) and the source-to-object distance (SOD) were adjusted in such a way to obtain a voxel size of around 2. 1 µm. The volume reconstruction was done with the software Xact64 (RX Solutions) after applying inherent treatments to the technique such as geometrical corrections and ring artefact attenuation.
MATERIALS AND METHODS The study team included three endodontists, one general dentist with public health and PBRN expertise, one dental hygienist with PBRN expertise, and one STOHN PBRN research coordinator. An initial draft of the survey instrument was reviewed by the entire study team for critical feedback regarding content, clarity, and presentation. The survey was piloted with the study team in the survey platform for data collection and management. This iterative development and pilot process maximizes dental practitioner input to increase the relevance of the survey and its findings to dental practitioners. The study was implemented by the STOHN research coordinator, who utilized the Network's established communication methods to inform and recruit prospective dental practitioners. Study recruitment took place from June 16, 2020, through July 22, 2020.
Variables assessed included: practitioner and practice characteristics (practice type, location, patient characteristics), timeframe of awareness of COVID-19 (first awareness, date ranges of government stay-at home orders, practice and personal responses to government order), practice changes made in response to COVID-19 (patient screening, safety, concerns about treating patients, stratification of urgent treatment categories, current and future financial impact of COVID-19 on practices). Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS v26, statistical software computing frequency distributions and descriptive statistics for variables of interest. Data were cleaned by removing incomplete responses from the dataset and analysis. This report will focus only on the response of endodontists to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Two hundred and ten implants affected by peri-implantitis were divided into two groups: 88 implants were treated with OHLLT alone (control group) while 122 underwent OHLLT and Er:YAG treatment (test group). Mean bone loss before (T 0 ) and after treatment (T 1 ) (with a follow-up of 5 years) was registered for all implants. The collected data were analyzed with the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 11. 5. No statistically significant differences were found. In the OHLLT group, we noticed a mean bone loss after treatment of 2. 1 mm in the upper arch and 2. 4 mm in the mandible. In the OHLLT + Er:YAG group, the results indicate a mean bone loss of 2. 0 mm in the upper arch and 2. 5 mm in the mandible. Both groups showed a mean bone loss after treatment of 2. 3 mm. According to the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, overall, data followed a normal distribution (value of the K-S test statistic = 0.
We selected 2 groups: the control group was the OHLLT group, where patients with peri-implantitis were treated with a surgical OHLLT protocol; the test group was the OHLLT + Er:Yag group, where the use of an erbium:Yag laser was carried out with OHLLT surgical procedures. The collected data were analyzed with the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 11. 5.
Results The primary outcomes of this work were the teledentistry implementation in the new inmates, while the secondary outcomes were oral health baseline data of the inmates once arrived at the prison, including past dental care, DMFT, and urgent care scoring. In 2018, 1,051 men entered VLM's remand center. Over 60% of them, 619 (58. 90%), agreed to have an oral examination by teledentistry. The oral health data recording was done primarily by a caregiver with a remote dentist's as needed consultations. Through teledentistry, the remote dentist, which was the dentist responsible for the entire prison, could continue to treat patients all day with no interruptions for new consultation. The record data per inmate was done on average of 14 minutes and with additional 8 minutes on average of analysis time.
The questionnaire was assessed for content validity by five dental academics who were not involved in the study. Their responses were not included in the final data analysis. The content validity index was calculated to be 0. 99  [21]. The questionnaire consisted of three sections. The first section included one question where participants reported on the presence of 15 preparedness measures in their institutions based on their own perception. These measures would be applied if the institution was completely open or if only its emergency facilities were open during the pandemic. They described special precautions before and during patient care in addition to changes in policies to adapt to the pandemic situation. The items were a list where multiple selections were allowed. The second section included a question assessing the perceived availability of infection prevention and control (IPC) equipment.
Analysis Data were described using frequencies and percentages. Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin measure for all 29 items-reflecting the measures of perceived preparedness in the 1st and 2nd sections of the survey-was calculated to be 0. 94 and the p-value of Bartlett's test of sphericity was statistically significant (p < 0. 0001) supporting the use of principal component analysis (PCA) to identify the components within the preparedness measures  [22]. The extraction of components was based on eigenvalues >1. Varimax rotation with Kaiser normalization was used and loading coefficients <0. 35 were suppressed to show factor loadings with adequate strength and allow the interpretation of components and their factors. Regression coefficients of the factors were saved to the dataset and used for further analysis.
Income was classified according to the World Bank Databank  [24]  based on per capita gross national income (GNI) into low-income countries (LICs) with GNI <1026 USD, lower middle-income countries (LMICs) with GNI between USD 1026 and 3995, upper middle income countries (UMICs) with GNI between USD 3996 and 12,375, and high income countries (HICs) with GNI >12,375 USD. Country of residence was used as a random effect factor since it could confound the association between perceived preparedness and the explanatory variables. Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was used to assess the association between country-level income and the components (measures of preparedness) identified in the PCA which served as dependent variables in this model adjusting for institutional characteristics. Regression coefficients, 95% confidence intervals (CIs), and p values were calculated.
One of the strengths of the current study is the substantial number of dental academics from many countries representing various income levels and geographic regions. The study also captured information on perceived preparedness plans in different education systems. However, the study had some limitations. Due to its cross-sectional design, perceived preparedness was recorded at one point in time and further changes in some institutions may have occurred after data collection. Furthermore, during the period of data collection, different countries may have been exposed to different stages of the pandemic with different responses. Because of these variations, we included the country of residence as a random effect variable in the multilevel model to account for differences among countries. In addition, the study design does not support causality and can only suggest associations and therefore, the direction of associations cannot be ascertained.
A linear regression was first performed on these raw data points to ensure a linear fit was indeed appropriate (the r 2 values as a goodness of fit determination was used as a reference). The original raw data was then interpolated (GraphPad Prism software, v 8. 0) and the resultant data points were graphed on an XY table. The graphed linear line was then extended using the slope formula of the line to determine the y-intercept (time in weeks of zero residual membrane ranking). This was performed for both membranes to determine their comparative theoretical full resorption time. As indicated by the yellow dashed lines and brackets, which was used to mark the visually detectable laminar fibrous structures associated to residual membrane remnants the evaluation of the histological micrographs showed the presence of residual membrane at all time points.
776, test: 5. 435). However, both values were acceptably low, thus demonstrating the original data did not vary considerably from the mean value. As illustrated by the values in Table  1  biocompatibility testing confirmed that both membranes were safe and not irritant; no local test item-related findings were observed. Slightly higher scores were recorded for BioOss/test membrane compared to BioOss/control membrane after 4 and 8 weeks, which was mainly associated to a higher score for lymphocytes. According to the evaluation per guidance ISO-10993-6 a slight reaction was observed for the test and control samples at the 4 weeks' time point and for the test samples at the 8 weeks' time point. Minimal or no reaction was observed for the control samples at the 8 weeks' time point and for both samples at the 12 weeks' time point.
Radiographs of SSCs Performed under GA Patients ≥ 18 years old, treated under GA, during which one or more SSCs were placed on permanent teeth, were identified using the hospital database. The radiographs corresponding to the SSCs of the identified patients were downloaded and anonymised. Each slide comprised two X-ray images collected from one patient record: one radiograph taken at T1 during the GA session (based on retro-alveolar or panoramic radiograph, either the preoperative X-ray, or by default, the immediate postoperative X-ray), and one radiograph taken at T2 during the latest check-up appointment (retro-alveolar or panoramic radiograph). A PowerPoint document was created in the same format as the calibration tool.
Genome analysis of MRSA-S1 type Genome sequencing of the S. aureus MRSA-S1 strain was performed as previously described  (Vieco-Saiz et al. , 2020). After total DNA extraction and purification, concentration and purity were determined by fluorescence using the Qubit™ dsDNA HS Assay Kit (ThermoFischer, Waltham, MA, USA), according to the manufacturer's instructions. Bacterial genome was then sequenced by MicrobesNG (http://www. microbesng. uk) using the Illumina MiSeq and HiSeq 2500 technology platforms, with matched 250 bp sequences. Sequence analysis was performed using a standardized procedure involving Kraken software  (Wood and Salzberg, 2014). The nearest existing reference genome was determined using the Burrows-Wheeler Aligner (BWA) algorithm to map sequences and assess data quality (http://bio-bwa.
sourceforge. net). Sequences obtained were assembled using the SPAdes software to get the complete genome sequence (http://cab. spbu. ru/software/spades/). Genomes alignment views were obtained using the Mauve 2. 4. 0 software  (Darling et al. , 2004)  and GCview  (Stothard and Wishart, 2005)  online tool (http://cgview. ca/). To complete the alignment, the whole genome of the S. aureus ATCC 25923 (NCBI accession number CP009361. 1) was used as a reference. Whole genomes of the following strains were also integrated in these analyses using the aforementioned softwares; S. aureus USA300, a multiresistant pathogenic strain (NCBI accession number CP000255. 1), and S. aureus Rosencach BAA1680, resistant to methicillin and cefoxitin (NCBI accession number CP010297. 1). The predictive annotation of the genome was performed by the RAST server (http://rast.
Extraction was performed in triplicate, using NucleoZol (Macherey-Nagel, Duren, Germany) and the cDNA was obtained with the RevertAid RT Reverse Transcription Kit (ThermoFisher), following the instructions recommended. The expression of genes involved in the virulence and biofilm formation in S. aureus reported by  Galia et al. (2019)  and  Atshan et al. (2013)  were investigated using specific primers listed in Table  1. For each cDNA sample, the CFX Connect Real-Time PCR Detection system (Bio-Rad Laboratories, Marne la Coquette, France) was used to perform amplification (using 2 μL of a 1:5 cDNA dilution), detection (with automatic calculation of the threshold value), and real-time analysis. Then a comparative cycle time data with analysis modules from CFX Manager™ Software Version 3. 1, allowed to determine the relative mRNA levels for each gene and in each condition used.
, 2009) , extracellular matrix binding protein, two component toxin Panton-Valentine leucocidin (PVL), nuc nuclease, cnaA collagen binding protein, ica intercellular adhesion factors, clfA and clfB clumping factors. Alignment of genomes from S. aureus MRSA-S1 and ATCC 25923 with Mauve 2. 4. 0 software enable reordering contigs of the newly sequenced MRSA-S1 strain's genome. As depicted on Fig. 1 , the contigs boundaries of each genome analyzed are represented with red lines. The conserved distinct locally collinear blocks (LCBs) for all strains are differently colored, with good positional agreement between scaffolds tiled against the respective closed chromosomal sequences (Fig. 1 ). This genomic region encodes genes which are mostly conserved in the genome sequences of other S. aureus strains analyzed by CGview (Fig.
Acknowledgments DD is grateful to " La Région des Hauts-de-France"  for its support through a  CPER/FEDER Alibiotech  grant  2016-2021. We thank  Elodie Richard  and  Loïc BRUNET  of the  UMS2014/US41   PLBS-BICeL Campus CS Facility  for access to confocal microscopy instruments and technical advices. We thank  Dr. Hassan Zgheib  for his well appreciated technical assistance.