dataesr/scientific-paragraphs-categorization huggingface dataset:
Food Diary A proportion of the patients completed a 4-day food diary, including 3 weekdays and 1 weekend day (n ¼ 246; 0 %, 64 %, and 68 % of the IBS patients included based on the Rome II, III, and IV criteria, respectively). They were instructed to maintain their regular diet and to report all foods and drinks consumed. A trained dietician entered the data in the software Dietist XP, version 3. 1 (Kostdata. se, Stockholm, Sweden), connected to an aggregated Swedish FODMAP database,  23  which calculates the energy and nutrient composition of the foods. 11.
Data Analysis and Statistics Demographic and IBS characteristics were first presented in the global study population. We then divided the patients into 3 different cohorts based on the defining Rome criteria to verify the similarities between cohorts. To compare patient's characteristics between the cohorts, we used analysis of variance test for parametric data and Kruskal-Wallis test for nonparametric data. The rest of the analyses were performed on the global study population, as the inclusion criteria and the data collection were similar between the cohorts. As a first step in the data analysis, the patients with food avoidance and restriction were identified. We identified the proportion of patients answering ! a good bit of the time to the 3 individual questions of the IBS-QOL food and diet subscale.
Implications for patient care This specific subgroup of IBS patients with severe food avoidance and restriction needs extra attention from clinicians and dietitians in order to avoid nutritional deficiencies, reduce symptom burden, and improve QOL. variance, respectively. Cohen's d was calculated as the difference between the means of 2 conditions divided by the pooled SD (0. 2 ¼ small effect, 0. 5 ¼ medium effect, >0. 8 ¼ large effect), 4 was equivalent to the Pearson's correlation coefficient (0. 1 ¼ small effect, 0. 3 ¼ medium effect and >0. 5 ¼ large effect), and h 2 refers to the percentage of the variance in the dependent variable attributable to a particular independent variable (0. 01 ¼ small effect, 0. 06 ¼ medium effect and >0. 14 ¼ large effect). All statistical analyses were performed using IBM SPSS Statistics 27 software (IBM Corporation, Armonk, NY).
The speech material consists of sentences with 3 key-words as the basis for scoring. The cocktailparty background noise was developed from the global speech wave described by Dodelé. The speech signals were delivered at 65 dB SPL and noise was increased by 3 dB increments. SNR thus ranged from +18 dB to -3 dB. SNR Loss was calculated automatically, using the Spearman-Kärber equation  [12] , by the HuBsound software (Biotone), which includes the VRB test. Subjects were grouped by age: 20-30, 30-40, 40-50, 50-60, 60-70 and > 70 years. SNR Loss was analyzed according to age group. Statistical analyses used Prism software, with ANOVA followed by Bonferroni post-hoc tests for multiple comparisons. Correlations between SNR Loss and age were assessed by R 2 coefficient on linear regression. SNR Loss cannot be rounded off to the nearest unit as, given the performance/intensity curve, a variation of 1 dB SNR induces a 20% variation in intelligibility.
Article identification We searched for articles in English and French, published between 1 January 2015 and 18 December 2020, in the following databases: PubMed, PsychINFO, Scopus and Cairn. We selected the articles based on a keyword search query organised around three concepts: health mediation as an intervention strategy (health mediation, community health, community approach, etc) or as a position adopted in a function (eg, health mediator, community health worker, peer mentor, etc), conditions of effectiveness, and underserved populations. The search equation is presented in online supplemental appendix 2.
| Data collection Data were collected from 1 August to October 31, 2020. First, the researcher contacted the nursing leaders of the 7 selected ICUs to explain the purpose of the study. Researchers of this study were responsible for distributing and receiving the questionnaires. Before being distributed, each questionnaire was coded. After consent was obtained, questionnaires were collected by field survey and online survey. From August 1 to 30 August, 2020 (time1), questions related to demographic information, burnout scale, organizational commitment scale and hospital workplace violence scale were sent to the target ICUs. From October 1 to 31 October, 2020 (time2), the turnover intention scale was sent to the same participates. Regarding the field survey, after the questionnaires were completed, researchers collected the questionnaires uniformly.
| Data analysis Data analyses were processed with SPSS and AMOS version 22. 0 (IBM Corporation, Armonk, NY). Categorical variables were presented as frequencies and percentage and continuous variables by means and standard deviation (SD). Harman's single-factor analysis and the method of latent variables were performed to test the common method biases (CMB). More than one single factor exists, and the critical value of the general factor being smaller than 40%  (Harman, 1967; Podsakoff & Organ, 1986) , indicates that common method bias does not compromise the reliability of the results. Bivariate analyses were conducted to test the relationships between studied variables. Multiple regression analysis was used to test how the variation in each of the explanatory variables impacts on the dependent one.
| Limitations This study has several limitations. First, the cross-sectional design of this study could bring result bias and longitudinal studies are still needed to confirm the findings. Second, this study was conducted in 7 tertiary hospitals in Sichuan, and the generalizability of our findings to different levels of hospitals in other provinces might be considered with caution. Third, 131 online questionnaires in this study were eliminated due to irregular answers. In order to avoid similar situations, field investigation can be used as much as possible. Finally, the data of workplace violence is categorical therefore limiting our use of this variable in the study model as it would lose its productivity power  (Cohen et al. , 2003). Future work should use the SPSS Hayes macro to explore the moderation effect of organizational commitment on the relationship between workplace violence and intention to leave, as well as between nurses reported burnout and intention to leave.
This study evaluates the impact of the French reform of 11 January 2008 in the private sector, which modified the share of sick leave paid by the employer in addition to the social security benefit. The reform is comprised of two parts: the waiting period until complementary payment is made by the employer, reduced from ten to seven days; and the minimum required tenure to be eligible, reduced from three years to one year. In this study, we used the administrative panel data (Hygie) from 2006 to 2010 along with a new collective bargaining agreement (CBA) database. The latter was constructed by the authors in order to collect the parameters of complementary benefit for sick leave. We examined separately the effects of the waiting period part and the tenure part of the reform, using a difference-in-differences strategy with matching.
This unique organisation has its origins in the history of French social protection, which was initially built on the basis of professions and guilds. This organisation is still a source of inequality between employees. Indeed, depending on the CBA negotiated at industry level, firms may cover all or part of the three-day Social Security waiting period, reduce the employer's ten-day waiting period, increase the wage replacement rate or extend the benefit period. The CBA is key to determining the precise parameters of compensation that apply to each employee but has not been documented until now. A large part of the work and originality of this study lies in the compilation of a CBA database that gathers the indemnification parameters of the CBAs from the texts of the CBAs in order to infer the real levels of compensation of each employee in our data.
DATA The Hygie Database provides detailed information on sick leave spells The database used in this study combines two data sources: the administrative Hygie database  (2006) (2007) (2008) (2009) (2010)  and the CBA database compiled by the authors for the purpose of this study. The Hygie database provides a detailed description of sick leave spells for a representative sample of The panel constitutes a representative sample of private sector Employees and includes precise information on Employees, the companies employing them and their healthcare consumption. This weighting was used to estimate global cost (not the econometric estimates).
An Innovative database on Collective Bargaining Agreements (CBAs) The study strongly relies on an original CBA database that gathers the indemnification parameters of the main CBAs. The authors compiled this database by analysing the portions of the CBA documents concerning sickness benefit provision, and by extracting information about the complementary benefit scheme within each CBA in the form of parameters such as the length of the waiting period, the dayby-day replacement rate according to employee's tenure, etc. Indeed, although full texts of the CBA are available on the LégiFrance government website, this information has not been formatted for statistical use. Moreover, the various CBAs are not presented in a uniform manner, they do not include the same level of detail, and the basic texts have often been amended by subsequent agreement.
It was therefore necessary to undertake a non-trivial effort in compiling, ordering the texts from the initial agreement to the most recent changes, identifying the parts of the texts referring to the sick pay scheme and finally coding the compensation schemes into a statistical database. CBAs were very concentrated in France in 2007. There were more than 700 CBAs but the few most important covered the majority of employees. We were able to encode the 46 most representative French CBAs and to construct a statistical database precisely describing the sick pay scheme of each of those CBAs with a few parameters 1. We have identified 79 different sickness benefit provisions, taking into account the provisions according the occupational category of workers and the new amendments during the study period.
Out of this work we built an innovative data set describing the indemnification scheme of the 46 most representative CBAs, covering 60 % of the Employees of the Hygie database. In the majority of cases, CBAs make provisions for different sickness benefit plans according to employee categories. The database provides a complete description of each indemnification scheme. The main variables used here are related to employer waiting period (WP) and minimum tenure requirement, but the database also describes other indemnification parameters (like benefit durations and wage-replacement rates). The structure of the WP is very different depending on the socio economic class (cf. Table  1 ). Most executives have a WP equal to zero (69%). On the other hand, only 17% of the employees and 27% of the laborers have a WP equal to zero.
Merging the Hygie and the CBA databases To enrich the Hygie data base with CBA's indemnification parameters, we first merged the Hygie data base with an employer repertoire which gives for each employer the identifier of the CBA to which it is affiliated. In the French system of bargaining, every CBA is registered and receives an administrative identifier. We also know from the repertoire if the employer is not affiliated to any CBA, which is the case for about 15 % of the sample. The employer identifier (SIRET 2 ) and the CBA identifier (IDCC) 3 allowed us to merge the HYGIE data base with our CBA data base and calculate indemnification parameters for all employees within the 2 The SIRET number is an identification number for French companies. 3 The IDCC is an identification of collective agreements.
4-52. 6%. On the other hand, this same percentage varies only between 0. 1-8. 9% after matching. After kernel weighting, the mean of the majority of variables is balanced between the treated and the control groups (absolute standardised percentage bias value is less than 10% for all covariates). Some tests of mean difference have p-values below 5% or 1%. This type of result has been justified in the literature by the large size of the database and the use of categorical variables  (Austin, 2009).
Panel Hygie 2006-2010 and CBA database compiled by authors. DERNIERS NUMÉROS PARUS : téléchargeables à partir du site http://ceet. cnam. fr/ Trajectoires professionnelles et formation continue pendant la crise sanitaire : un éclairage à partir des situations des auditeurs du Cnam CHRISTINE ERHEL, MATHILDE GUERGOAT-LARIVIERE, MATHILDE NUTARELLI, JULIAN PELLOUX, THERESE REBIERE Les métiers "de deuxième ligne" de la crise du Covid-19 : quelles conditions de travail et d'emploi dans le secteur privé ? THOMAS AMOSSE, MIKAEL BEATRIZ, CHRISTINE ERHEL, MALIK KOUBI, AMELIE MAUROUX Working time arragements, inovvation and job satisfaction: a workplace level analysis for France CHRISTINE ERHEL, MATHILDE GUERGOAT-LARIVIERE, MALO MOFAKHAMI.
* We would like to thank all those who participated in the seminars held by The  Employment and Labour Research Centre  (thank  Joseph Lanfranchi ,  Christine Erhel  and  Mathieu Narcy  for their feedbacks. We acknowledge financial support from the  Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR)  under the grant number  ANR-18-CE26-0014  for the project " Absenteeism: firms' practices and public policies -APEPP ".
The mean and median bias as summary indicators of the distribution of the absolute standardised percentage bias. B-Rubin is the absolute standardized difference of the means of the linear index of the propensity score in the treated and (matched) non-treated group. R-Rubin is the ratio of treated to (matched) non-treated variances of the propensity score index. Rubin (2001)recommends that B be less than 25 and that R be between 0. 5 and 2 for the samples to be considered sufficiently balanced. *An asterisk is displayed next to B and R values that fall outside those limits. Source: Panel Hygie 2006-2010 and CBA database compiled by authors.
The test statistic on the common dynamics trend is the Wald test of the joint significance of all pre-treatment. The p-value for the Wald test is less than 0. 05 confirm the common trend pre-treatment assumption. Source: Panel Hygie 2006-2010 and CBA database compiled by authors. Common Trends Test: 0. 555 Common Trends Test: 0. 981 P-value :0. 456 P-value :0. 321 Common Trends Test: 0. 697 Common Trends Test: 0. 268 P-value : 0. 403 P-value : 0. 604 *.
mai 2021 N° 204 Panel Hygie 2006-2010 and CBA database compiled by authors. DERNIERS NUMÉROS PARUS : téléchargeables à partir du site http://ceet. cnam. fr/ Trajectoires professionnelles et formation continue pendant la crise sanitaire : un éclairage à partir des situations des auditeurs du Cnam CHRISTINE ERHEL, MATHILDE GUERGOAT-LARIVIERE, MATHILDE NUTARELLI, JULIAN PELLOUX, THERESE REBIERE Les métiers "de deuxième ligne" de la crise du Covid-19 : quelles conditions de travail et d'emploi dans le secteur privé ? THOMAS AMOSSE, MIKAEL BEATRIZ, CHRISTINE ERHEL, MALIK KOUBI, AMELIE MAUROUX Working time arragements, inovvation and job satisfaction: a workplace level analysis for France CHRISTINE ERHEL, MATHILDE GUERGOAT-LARIVIERE, MALO MOFAKHAMI Paris North-East North-West Center South-East South-West Unemployment rate N° 206 Source: N° 207 N° 205 0,00 0,24 0,21 0,18 0,04 0,20 0,11 8,61 Why Do Employees Participate in Innovation? Skills and Organisational Design Issues and 0,19 0,19 0,19 0,19 0,14 0,14 0,24 0,21 0,21 0,21 0,21 0,23 0,23 0,21 0,19 0,19 0,19 0,19 0,20 0,20 0,18 0,04 0,04 0,04 0,04 0,05 0,05 0,04 0,19 0,19 0,19 0,19 0,20 0,20 0,20 0,12 0,12 0,12 0,12 0,15 0,15 0,11 7,85 8,64 7,85 8,64 7,87 8,66 7,85 septembre 2021 The Ongoing Technological Transformation NATHALIE GREENAN, SILVIA NAPOLITANO juin 2021.
Data Analysis Data analysis was carried out using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software, version 25 for Windows. Descriptive statistics were performed for all variables (mean, standard deviation, and percentages). The chi-square test for independent variables was used to analyze the relationship between having/not having a CC and CC affecting/not affecting school attendance and participation and the following variables: sleep, physical activity, participation in leisure activities, and BMI. The BMI variable was used categorically in the comparison of means to allow a better understanding of the results, since it is a very specific/technical categorization. The t-test of independent samples was used to analyze the relationship between having/not having a CC and the CC affecting/not affecting school attendance and participation, the degree of sleepiness, and the QoL.
Assessment methods Potentially eligible patients were identified based on the diagnostic codes assigned in the electronic databases of the two centres. Before the study, the legal representatives of these patients were sent an email providing information about the epidemiological study and its objectives, and asking for their consent to participation. If no answer was received, a phone call was made. Patients whose legal representatives declined participation or could not be contacted by email or telephone were excluded. An analysis of the type of the lesions identified five different categories: FCIs, such as those caused by a closing door; paronychia and other finger and hand infections, irrespective of the source of the initial infection; wounds; fractures and dislocations of the fingers and carpal bones, including open and closed fractures and dislocations but excluding fractures as part of FCIs; and bites or scratches.
We also differentiated four age groups to allow a detailed analysis of the distribution of each lesion type: 0 to 2 years; 3 to 5 years, 6 to 10 years, and 11 years to 15 years and 3 months. The following data were abstracted from the notes made at emergency room admission and during subsequent visits: data on the patient (general characteristics, medical history, and vaccinations); data on the injury (site of the accident, circumstances of the injury, and whether a witness was present); data on the lesion (side, type, and mechanism; for FCIs, parents were asked when in the emergency room or during the post-operative visit whether a door guard had been in place. For paronychia and other infections, the circumstances of development and any prior treatments were recorded. Bites were classified as made by a human or animal, and if the latter, the species and/or breed of the animal was specified.
Statistical analysis Qualitative variables were described as frequencies and percentages and numerical variables as the median with the interquartile range. The normal distribution of the numerical parameters was checked graphically and tested using the Shapiro-  Wilk test. For comparisons of lesion types, the chi-square test was applied for qualitative parameters and the Cochran Armitage test for ordinal parameters. All tests were two-tailed and values of p smaller than 0. 05 were considered significant. The statistical analyses were performed using SAS software version 9. 4 (SAS Institute, Cary, NC, USA).
Results In all, 307 patients were eligible. Among them, 62 were excluded secondarily, for the following reasons: the legal representatives of 47 patients could not be contacted by email or telephone; surgical data were missing for 12 patients; and 3 patients were older than 15 years and 3 months. This left 245 patients for the analysis. Mean age was 6. 4 years and 110 (45%) patients were female. A significant history of disease was noted for 12 (4. 9%) patients (asthma in 6 and 1 case each of laryngeal spasm, Hodgkin disease, ventricular septal defect, severe haemophilia A, and diabetes with autistic spectrum disorder). Over the 10-month study period, no patient returned to the emergency room for another hand and/or finger injury. Table  1  details the distribution across the four age groups.
Our study has a number of limitations. The retrospective design may limit the relevance of our findings. However, this risk was mitigated by a painstaking search for data about the emergency room care, the surgical procedure, and the follow-up visits. Recall bias may have occurred, since missing data were obtained by contacting the parents of the patient. Our decision to confine our analysis to lesions requiring surgery led to a low incidence of fractures and dislocations in our cohort but is consistent with our initial objective, which was to describe the epidemiology of surgical indications. Many studies included burn injuries. However, patients with burns were managed at a burn centre, so that including burn injuries would have complicated the collection of the study data.
Background: Temporomandibular disorder (TMD) perturbs the tongue motor control and consequently impairs oral function, but strength training reduces this impairment. However, tongue motor control is widely reduced to a matter of strength. Objectives: To investigate the accuracy of the tongue placement as a measure of tongue motor control in patients with TMD compared with age-and sex-matched healthy participants. Material and Methods: This proof-of-concept case-control study was prospective, observational, and part of the TMIQ study (NCT04102306). After pointing against a wood stick while maintaining the tongue as sharp as possible, the examinator drew the contour of the tongue print on the wood stick, which was then scanned for image analyses to compute the area for each participant using ImageJ.
| Study design This case-control study was prospective and observational and conform to the Declaration of Helsinki and to the STROBE guidelines  (von Elm et al. , 2007). Approval was obtained from the regional ethics committee (CPP Sud-Ouest et Outre-Mer III 2018-A02195-50). Print tongue measurement was performed immediately after inclusion in the "Assessing Motor Imagery Ability of Tongue and Mouth in Subjects With and With no TMD" TMIQ study, aiming to assess the motor imagery ability of tongue and mouth in subjects with and without TMD (https://clinicaltrials. gov/NCT04102306)  (Alvarado et al. , 2022).
nih. gov. ij). The area of the tongue print was modeled using the function "analyze particles" that computed the ellipse area along with major and minor axes of the ellipse using an overlay mask. For graphic representation, the tongue print background of each participant (i. e. , the wood stick) was removed using the GNU Image Manipulation Program Gimp 2. 8. 22 (https://www. gimp. org/). Finally, tongue prints were sorted by size from the smallest to the largest area for each group independently. In addition, the program Scientific Python Development Environment Spyder 3. 3. 1 (https://www. spyder-ide. org) was used to draw three contours corresponding to the median area of the tongue print, the lower and the upper limit of the 95% confidence interval (CI) of the median, knowing the median and the 95% CI of the major and minor axes of the ellipse for each group.
General design and data sources We conducted a time-series analysis using registered data from the French National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies (INSEE), a governmental agency that collects and publishes information about the French economy and population. INSEE receives from the Civil Registry all births and deaths certificates (INSEE, data producer -ADSIP, broadcaster of the official statistics data archives). We included monthly aggregated data on all live births and deaths during the first year of life from 2001 to 2019 that occurred in metropolitan France (i. e. , excluding overseas territories). This period includes the longest series available to us, with the relevant variables (e. g. , number of live births per month by sex), at the time of our analysis. The period of analysis did not go further than December 2019 because we anticipated that the COVID-19 pandemic might have impacted health indicators such as the IMR.