dataesr/scientific-paragraphs-categorization huggingface dataset:
Standard microfacies (SMF) were described according to  Wilson (1975)  and  Flügel (2010). Petrographic and textural features of the rock, such as bioclast type and content, grain size, roundness and sorting were studied, as well as early (micritization, replacement and early cementation) and late (e. g. , presence of veins and stylolites) diagenetic features. Of particular importance was the study of the arrangement of crystals in the cortex laminae of ooids for a morphological classification of these grains. Both parallel and crossed nicols configuration were applied. For a quantitative evaluation of the distribution of different types of ooids and coated grains, six thin sections from the Wadi Milaha section and two each from the auxiliary sections (Wadi Milaha 2 and 3) were scanned with a Canon slide scanner at 4000 dpi and then point-counted with JMicroVision® software  (Roduit, 2022).
The isotope curve based on ooids overlaps perfectly with the bulk curve for samples WM 166-WM 172, if one outlier and an extremely negative value (-7. 0 ‰ for WM 170) are excluded. The specific curves show more positive values than the bulk rock record until the end of the first oolite horizon (-5. 7 ‰ for sample WM 182). Then it appears more adherent again to the bulk curve until the top of the Sakhra Member. We also take into consideration the cross plots δ 18 O carb vs. δ 13 C carb for different parts of the succession. In Fig. 13 , the dolomite interval (0-138. 5 m) shows a resetting of all δ 18 O carb around -2 ‰ with larger variability in δ 13 C carb. The R 2 index for calcitic samples (outliers excluded) in the interval 138. 5-495 m is 0. 0161 and indicates no clear correlation between the two datasets (Fig.
The Norian-Rhaetian boundary in Wadi Milaha The NRB in the Wadi Milaha section occurs in the upper part of a mixed carbonate-siliciclastic succession. The boundary level is delimited by the occurrence of the Norian assemblage of the conodont Epigondolella bidentata and the ammonoid Neotibetites sp. at 274 m and the presence of the ammonoid Neotibetites weteringi at 299 m. The Dawhat Qabal section in the Oman part of the Musandam (N 26 • 01 ′ 57. 0 ′′ E 56 • 22 ′ 39,5 ′′ , Jabal Sall Ala section in  Hönig et al. , 2017 ; Fig. 1A ) yielded more conodonts in the strata bracketing the boundary. The Dawhat Qabal section is easily correlated to the Wadi Milaha through marker beds like the three massive limestone beds at 312-314 m: 316-318 m  Four datasets are displayed, distinguishing between different sample components (total, ooids, matrix and cement).
Acknowledgements This work was financially supported by the  Crafoord Foundation (Crafoordska stiftelsen)  [grant  2017  to  Sylvain Richoz ], the  Royal Physiographic Society of Lund (Kungliga Fysiografiska Sällskapets i Lund)  [grants  2018  and  2019  to  Ingrid Urban ] and the  Austrian National Committee (Austrian Academy of Sciences)  [ IGCP : Project  IGCP 572  and  630 ] for the fieldworks in 2015, 2018 and 2020 for SR, IU, ID, ZK, LK, SL, and GG.
Treatment with ribociclib was associated with a trend towards a greater benefit compared to placebo in patients with alterations in FRS2, PRKCA, MDM2, ERBB2, AKT1_E17K and BRCA1/2 (HR between 0. 23 and 0. 33). In contrast, patients with alterations in CHD4, BCL11B, ATM or CDKN2A/ 2B/2C genes were identified as potential biomarkers of resistance. 32 Although this is the largest available pooled dataset on baseline ctDNA samples, the number of patients in whom one of these particular mutations is identified remains low. Therefore, although provocative, these data remain hypothesis-generating and hardly applicable in clinical practice. The magnitude of benefit from adding ribociclib to ET in premenopausal patients (Monaleesa-7) was more important when PIK3CA mutation was detected in baseline plasma samples [HR 0.
36  recent pooled analysis of Monaleesa 2, 3 and 7 trials used PAM50 to determine whether ribociclib has the same efficacy in different intrinsic breast cancer subtypes using 1160 tumor samples (72% primary, 28% metastatic). These data confirm the independent prognostic value of intrinsic subtype in MBC in both patient groups, treated with ET alone or in combination with ribociclib. All subtypes exhibited a significant PFS improvement with ribociclib except basal-like, which represented only 2. 6% of patient population. The HER2-enriched subtype seems to have the most important absolute benefit (HR 0. 39 versus 0. 63 in luminal A, 0. 52 in luminal B and 0. 46 in normal-like subtypes). 37  The currently ongoing HARMONIA trial is a face-toface comparison of ET þ ribociclib versus ET þ palbociclib in patients with MBC with the HER2-enriched intrinsic subtype (NCT05207709).
40 aired baseline and end-of-treatment ctDNA NGS from 195 patients in the Paloma-3 trial showed that RB1 mutation (often subclonal) occurs in 5% of patients progressing on palbociclib and fulvestrant, while other driver mutations (such as PIK3CA and ESR1) are enriched after progression in both arms. These data suggest that RB1 somatic alteration can play a role in resistance to CDK 4/6 inhibitors. 39, 41 equential analysis of ctDNA samples during treatment and evaluation of early ctDNA dynamics could be a better surrogate of long-term outcome than the sole assessment of genetic alterations at baseline. Early PIK3CA ctDNA dynamics as assessed by circulating DNA ratio (CDR15, the ratio of mutated PIK3CA copies/ml on D15 relative to baseline) during treatment with fulvestrant and palbociclib was associated with PFS in a retrospective analysis of baseline and day 15 plasma samples collected in the Paloma-3 trial.
The PFS with everolimus when used as immediate subsequent treatment after palbociclib þ fulvestrant in Paloma-3 is estimated to be 4. 3 months, which is in line with the results described in a small retrospective dataset. 64 lthough the efficacy of everolimus seems to be more modest in the post-CDK 4/6 setting than in the pivotal BOLERO-2 trial, this option can be considered when a clinical trial is not available. The combination of everolimus with fulvestrant or with a new oral selective estrogen receptor down-regulator (SERD) is probably a more adapted option in patients previously exposed to AIs. This latest approach is under clinical development (NCT03284957, NCT03616587, NCT04802759, NCT04188548). These currently ongoing phase I-II trials assess the safety and preliminary efficacy of the combination of oral SERDs (amcenestrant, camizestrant, giredestrant and LY3484356) with other targeted agents such as everolimus after progression on CDK 4/6 inhibitors.
A statistically significant 34% reduction of disease progression or death was reported (mPFS 5. 5 months with SG versus 4. 0 months with treatment of physician's choice, HR 0. 66, 95% CI 0. 53-0. 83). 72 Similarly, a statistically significant OS benefit was shown for SG: median OS 14. 4 months versus 11. 2 months, HR 0. 79 (0. 65-0. 96), P ¼ 0. 035. 73 This trial demonstrates that the prognosis of this heavily pre-treated ERþ/HER2À MBC population is poor. This is the first trial showing a meaningful benefit in a heavily pre-treated population; therefore, SG should be considered as a viable option in this setting. A second Trop-2-directed ADC (datopotamab deruxtecan, Dato-DXd) englobing the same topoisomerase-1 inhibitor payload as T-DXd showed clinical activity in TNBC and a currently ongoing phase III trial investigates its efficacy in ERþ/HER2À advanced breast cancer who have been treated with one or two prior lines of chemotherapy (NCT05104866, Tropion-Beast01).
21. 2016). Reportedly unable to distinguish ripe from unripe foods, gorillas more often laid waste to forest gardens, whereas chimpanzees purportedly raided only ripe foods from these gardens. Among people responding to a questionnaire conducted in four villages, 94% (424/449) experienced crop raiding by all NHPs, including gorillas and chimpanzees. Gorillas were more involved in the last event of crop raiding (50%, 225/449), contrary to chimpanzees (2%, 7/449). Moreover, 82% of respondents (366/449) reported that gorillas more often damaged gardens, and just 2% (7/449) cited chimpanzees as more frequent pillagers. Quantitative data on human physical and environmental contacts, collected in real time in one village, also illuminates different human interactions with gorillas and chimpanzees.
More frequent human-gorilla contact than human-chimpanzee contact in Cameroon These qualitative findings align well with our quantitative analyses of human-great ape contact frequency. Our participatory longitudinal study found elevated, but not significant, human-gorilla spatial contact compared to that of humans and chimpanzees. Our questionnaire dataset, however, revealed significantly more frequent physical contact with gorillas. Most studies assessing human-great ape contact do not evaluate contact frequency  [42] [43] [44]  , an important but overlooked factor in understanding pathogenic transmission risks. Our previously published study evaluated quantitative and anthropological data concerning human-great ape physical contact types with diverse NHP species  45. Here, integrating quantitative contact analyses and qualitative evidence about physical and environmental contacts permits insight into how southeastern Cameroonians may share specific viruses with great apes and closer virome resemblance to that of gorillas.
Study sites and study periods We conducted research in several villages located between Yokadouma and Moloundou, Cameroon, and at the European zoo. Details of these two study sites are available elsewhere  22. Team researchers (Authors 1, 7, 8, and 13) made a total of four field trips to Cameroon in 2015, 2016 and 2017 for six months total. We collected data and samples in the European zoo during a five-day research visit in November 2017. To protect the anonymity of human populations and activities, we do not report the names of individual study sites.
Data collection Qualitative data collection. We began the study by collecting qualitative data using anthropological participant-observation and semidirected interviews (Supplementary Method 2) with inhabitants of forest villages (Cameroon) and zookeepers (European zoo). In Southeastern Cameroon, we collected 93 in-depth individual and collective interviews with 83 men and 31 women between ages 18 and approximately 85 years, complemented by many informal discussions and 150 h of participant-observation of forest activities and recitation of mythical tales. Gender considerations were crucial in the development and implementation of this method; we sought to determine those gender groups with specialized knowledge and experience with nonhuman primates and specifically great apes. In compensation for their time, participants received a consumable household good (soap, sugar, salt).
The specific villages in which this research took place are not mentioned for ethical concerns. Illegal hunting and meat trading occurs in certain sites, necessitating the anonymization of these sites to protect informants. Participant-observations enabled us to observe human interactions with and in proximity to chimpanzees and gorillas. Interviews permitted us to collect qualitative data concerning gorilla and chimpanzee behaviors, diet, habitats, and interspecies contacts, as well as human perceptions and practices with these animals. Participant-observation and semi-structured interviews were conducted in French or in the Bangando language; all interviews were recorded. We collected detailed notes for participant-observations. In the zoo, Authors 1 and 13 observed and documented zookeeper-great ape interactions and living conditions among the great apes sampled, including feeding regimens, living conditions, and cleaning practices of their habitats.
We also observed and conducted nine semi-structured interviews with zookeepers (3 women, 6 men) to document great ape contacts with other animal species, including humans. Because of the daily, repetitive interactions between small numbers of great apes and zookeepers (<10 for each group) within a confined space, we deemed it unnecessary to quantify the number and types of human-great ape contact. Participants received no compensation. Participatory longitudinal survey and transects in Cameroon. Following most of the qualitative data collection, we developed a longitudinal participatory survey for Cameroon volunteers and conducted this survey over 10 months. This participatory longitudinal survey would document human-great ape contacts in real time in the forest, where such contacts were unpredictable.
Eighteen volunteers (8 women and 10 men between ages 21 and 63) from the same village collected daily data on their contacts with gorillas and chimpanzees. Again, gender was of central importance in our recruitment and data collection, but we did not achieve full parity in gendered recruitment because the survey required that participants be able to read and write. Although a prior study addressed human-NHP physical contact  45  , the present article uses physical and environmental contact data for gorillas and chimpanzees only (Table  1 ). Because of the time-consuming nature of participation, volunteers received $US 30 per month for their participation in data collection. Questionnaire. Drawing from our preliminary analyses of our qualitative data and participatory longitudinal survey, we developed and implemented a questionnaire (449 participants in four villages, 203 women and 237 men between ages 18 and 83) later in the study to assess human contact frequency with gorillas and chimpanzees.
Gender considerations were integrated into the development of this method and in data analyses. Male and female participants were asked if within the last day, week, month, year, or more than one year, they had had specific types of physical and direct (seen alive, heard) contacts with gorillas or chimpanzees. They also were asked to report on great ape involvement in crop raiding, namely the last great ape species raiding one of their fields, as well as the frequency of field raiding. Sample collection. In Cameroon, after identifying great ape nesting sites, we collected fresh stool samples (UBERON: 0001988) during the early morning, taking one stool per nest for a total of 15 gorilla samples and 6 chimpanzee samples. This sample collection commenced several months after the qualitative data collection had begun.
Data analyses Contact frequency with great apes in Cameroon. We obtained daily contact data for 18 volunteers over 288 days on average (+/-SD = 21. 4, 230-303). We used presence/absence coding of data for one day, one volunteer, one type of contact and one great ape species. We then analyzed the frequency of contact (%) for each type of contacts, each species and each volunteer. We calculated the mean frequency for each type of contacts. We calculated an estimated frequency of contact (%) using questionnaire data. We assigned a value that was the inverse of the number of days: 100 for daily contact, 14 for once weekly, 3 for once monthly, 0. 3 for once yearly and 0. 1 for more than once each year (estimated here at once every three years for coding). Based on this scale, we calculated the mean frequency for each type of contact.
For our longitudinal survey and questionnaire datasets, we compared contact frequencies with the two great ape species using a twosided Mann-Whitney statistical test. To calculate crop raiding frequency, we analyzed the proportion of respondents who identified a chimpanzee or gorilla as the raiding species for last time their field or garden was pillaged. We also calculated the proportion of respondents citing chimpanzees or gorillas as the species more frequently responsible for crop raiding. Data were coded with Excel 2016 and statistical analyses were performed with R Version 4. 2. 3  69. Qualitative data analyses in both sites. Following transcription into French of all recorded interviews, we conducted manual coding of all qualitative data (transcriptions and notes), organizing data segments into categories pertaining to descriptions and perceptions of, discrete practices around, and interactions with great apes and other NHPs.
Duplicated reads were removed using Dedupe  71. Taxonomic assignment was carried out using Kraken2 with Viral, Bacterial and Human Refseq databases  72. Kraken viral assigned reads were verified using Blastn on Refseq viral database. The e-value cut-off used to assign reads to a particular virus was 10 -10. Reads with inconsistent assignment between Kraken and Blast methods were removed. We conducted a supplemental analysis using Kraken2 with NCBI nt database (Supplementary Method 1), resulting in similar findings which are reported in Supplementary Result 1. Alpha and Beta Diversity analysis were conducted using packages Phyloseq v1. 22. 3 and Vegan v2. 5-4 in R v3. 4. 4  73, 74. For Alpha diversity, Simpson, Shannon, Chao1 and Richness index were calculated. For Beta diversity, Bray Curtis dissimilarity and Unifrac metrics were used.
We then verified the taxonomic identity of the contigs by performing a blastn on NCBI nt database to check whether they belonged to the viral genera of interest. The main metrics on contigs are given in the Supplementary Data 2. Generated contigs and reference genomes (Supplementary Table  3 ) were compared using All versus all BLAST. Sequence similarity was assessed with the Bit-score and presented through sequence similarity networks with Cytoscape 31.
Acknowledgements We are grateful to the inhabitants and authorities in southeastern Cameroon for their warm welcome and their support of this study. We also acknowledge the invaluable assistance of the European zoo and its employees where we conducted the investigation. We also greatly appreciate the contributions of  Olivia Cheny of the Center for Translational Science at the Institut Pasteur. We thank  Marina Vernick  for the design of the Fig. 1. The  French Agence Nationale de la Recherche  ( ANR-31-CE31-0004 ),  CIFAR , the  INCEPTION  project ( PIA/ANR-16-CONV-0005 ), and the  National Endowment for the Humanities (US)  provided funding for this study (T. G. V. ).
If the measurement outcomes are obtained during this time interval, the spatial separation thus ensures that the chosen measurement bases and the corresponding measurement outcomes by the party at one site are unknown to the party at the other site, thereby closing the locality loophole. For each trial of the Bell test, a high-fidelity measurement of the quantum state of the qubits at A and B, which is designed to terminate at time t < t d , is performed. The readout of the qubits results in outcomes x and y taking on values of +1 or -1 if the qubit is detected in the ground g | or excited state |e , respectively. Including each and every measurement outcome in the analysis of the Bell test closes the fair-sampling loophole  40, 41  (Supplementary Information section I). Furthermore, the memory loophole is closed by statistically analysing the input and output data without assuming that individual trials of the Bell test are independent and identically distributed  18.
We note that we have calibrated out an experimental phase offset of θ 0 = 160. 0° between the two sites (Supplementary Information section IX). We find good agreement between the experimental data and a master equation simulation (Fig. 5a ,b and Supplementary Information section VI). On the basis of these data, we then calculate the S value as a function of θ and observe its sinusoidal oscillation with a maximum and a minimum of S occurring at θ = -π/4 S max and θ = π -π/4 S min (Fig. 5b ), offset by π as expected. Here, we evaluate roughly 60,000 trials for each angle. We find that |S| exceeds two at both values θ S max/min , violating the Bell inequality. Near θ S max/min we perform a set of measurements with step size θ = π/32 and determine the S value from roughly 80,000 trials at each value of θ.
Acknowledgements We thank  M. Frey ,  N. Kohli ,  R. Schlatter ,  A. Fauquex ,  R. Keller ,  B. Dönmez ,  M. Hinderling ,  S. Wili ,  F. Marxer ,  A. Schwarzer  and  J. -A. Agner  for technical support on setting up the laboratory, and designing, building and testing the cryogenic system. We thank  J. Herrmann ,  L. Raabe ,  N. Mostaan ,  E. Portolés ,  M. Ruckriegel  and  J. Heinsoo  for their contributions to software and electronics. We thank  A. Aspect ,  G. Blatter ,  N. Gisin ,  R. Hanson ,  A. Imamoglu ,  R. Renner  and  R. Wolf  for commenting on an early version of the manuscript. The work at  ETH Zurich  was funded by the  European Research Council  through the ' Superconducting Quantum Networks' (SuperQuNet)  project, by the  European Union 's  Horizon 2020 FET-Open project SuperQuLAN  (grant no.
899354 ), by the  National Centre of Competence in Research 'Quantum Science and Technology' (NCCR QSIT) , a research instrument of the  Swiss National Science Foundation , and by  ETH Zurich. B. R. and A. B. acknowledge support from the  Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada , the  Canada First Research Excellence Fund  and from the  Vanier Canada Graduate Scholarships. J. -D. B. and N. S. acknowledge support by the  Institut de Physique Theórique, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives , by the  European High-Performance Computing Joint Undertaking  under grant agreement no. 101018180  and project name HPCQS and by a French national quantum initiative managed by  Agence Nationale de la Recherche  in the framework of France 2030 with the references  ANR-22-PETQ-0007 , project  name EPIQ  and  ANR-22-PETQ-0009 , project name DIQKD.
Introduction Glycogen storage disease type I GSD1b) is a group of rare inborn errors of metabolism disorders caused by deficiencies in the activities of glucose-6-phosphatase-α (G6Pase-α)/glucose-6-phosphate transporter (G6PT) complexes. GSD type 1a represents the most frequent type of GSD1, responsible for > 80% of GSD 1 patients  [1]  while GSD type 1b is estimated to represent ~ 20% of 53 cases  [2]. The G6Pase-α and G6PT complexes are functionally coupled as follow: G6PT1 transports G6P from the cellular cytosol into the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum, where G6P is hydrolyzed to glucose and inorganic phosphate by G6Pase-α enzyme  [3]. GSD1b can result of mutations in SLC37A4, which encodes glucose-6-phosphate transporter 1 (G6PT1). SLC37A4 (OMIM #602,671; GenBank NM_001467. 6) is located on the short arm of chromosome 11 (11q) and contains 9 exons that are distributed across ~ 5.
Molecular modeling The computer-generated 3D structure model of the glucose-6-phosphate transporter 1 exchanger SLC37A4 was constructed with the protein homology modeling server SWISS-MODEL using the protein sequence retrieved from UniProt (UniProtKB id: O43826; https:// www. uniprot. org/). The constructed tertiary structure was analyzed by DeepView Swiss-PdbViewer 4. 1  [9]  and POV-Ray 3. 6 software. Further Crystallographic structure analysis and molecular dynamics simulation studies were performed to predict the impacts of this variant on protein stability using DynaMut tool  [10]  for the determination of the change in Gibbs free energy (∆∆G) and CABS-flex 2. 0 server  [11]  (http://biocomp. chem. uw. edu. pl/) for fast simulations of protein structure flexibility upon mutation.