dataesr/scientific-paragraphs-categorization huggingface dataset:
These elements underpin monthly meetings of the network which provide opportunities for members to share experiences and knowledge, learn from others, and seek and provide support. A website (astromdn. github. io), along with presentations at conferences, and a submitted Astro2020 State of the Profession white paper  [5] , lend legitimacy to the often volunteer-based EDI efforts of collaborations. A part-time community manager runs the monthly meetings, responds to inquiries, helps represent the MDN at conferences, and promotes engagement within the group. This position has proven critical to the sustainability and longevity of the network. The community manager keeps the group connected, engaged, and helps rally members around a few key activities that catalyze interactions. In the past, activities included co-authoring an Astro2020 State of the Profession white paper, participating in a two-day community engagement training, and hosting guest speakers.
Such a survey could focus on collecting demographic data or focus on the climate, or atmosphere, of a collaboration. As an example within the MDN, the survey experiences of NANOGrav have directly informed the discussions of a survey within the IceCube collaboration. While the IceCube survey effort is in the very early planning phases, it has been invaluable to hear how another geographically distributed collaboration has developed and evolved their own survey strategy. NANOGrav representatives have shared with some frequency about their collaboration-wide surveys, not just about the planning and execution, but critically about how the collaboration takes action based on the survey results. As a result of recent surveys, NANOGrav has put in place more support structures for post-doctoral scholars and graduate students, and restructured its membership to be more transparent and accessible to early career researchers.
Such examples are a reminder that running a survey should not be an end goal. They are one way to collect data on the pulse of a collaboration and help set a course for meaningful and sustainable change. Sharing the lessons from NANOGrav with the other eight collaborations shows the value of the MDN to leverage the effort of one group to benefit a much larger number of researchers and scholars. (2) Mentoring programs: In the case of mentorship, a recent experience highlights the potential of having a community of practice focused on EDI in mutlimessenger astronomy. The suggestion for a meeting on mentorship came from the Fermi-LAT representative, who connected the MDN community manager with the mentoring program lead. Members of the MDN were encouraged to invite collaborators to join and several new individuals were welcomed on the call.
Joining MDN When the MDN formed, it was unclear how much interest there would be in such a community. Through contacts and professional networks, the MDN grew quickly from four to six to nine member groups; there are regular expressions of interest from the broader fields of high-energy, astroparticle physics, and cosmology. If you are interested in joining or following our work, please visit astromdn. github. io and subscribe to our Google Group, or write directly to the contact authors. We welcome your participation and interest.
Acknowledgements USA -U. S. National Science Foundation-Office of Polar Programs, U. S. National Science Foundation-Physics Division, U. S. National Science Foundation-EPSCoR ,  Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation ,  Center for High Throughput Computing (CHTC)  at the  University of Wisconsin-Madison ,  Open Science Grid (OSG) ,  Extreme Science and Engineering Discovery Environment (XSEDE) , Frontera computing project at the  Texas Advanced Computing Center, U. S. Department of Energy-National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center , Particle astrophysics research computing center at the  University of Maryland, Institute for Cyber-Enabled Research at Michigan State University , and Astroparticle physics computational facility at  Marquette University ;  Belgium -Funds for Scientific Research (FRS-FNRS and FWO) ,  FWO Odysseus and Big Science programmes , and  Belgian Federal Science Policy Office (Belspo) ;  Germany -Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF) ,  Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) ,  Helmholtz Alliance for Astroparticle Physics (HAP) ,  Initiative and Networking Fund of the Helmholtz Association, Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron (DESY) , and  High Performance Computing cluster of the RWTH Aachen; Sweden -Swedish Research Council, Swedish Polar Research Secretariat, Swedish National Infrastructure for Computing (SNIC) , and  Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation ;  Australia -Australian.
Data Collection and Participants Data were collected from surveys completed by school-going adolescents living in New Caledonia from May 2015 to April 2016. Parents gave informed written consent prior to the children's participation in the study, in line with the legal requirements and the Declaration of Helsinki. The protocol was also approved by the Human Research Ethics Committee of the University of New Caledonia. New Caledonia is a South Pacific archipelago located between 162-169 • E longitude and 19-23 • S latitude (Figure  1 ). It is divided into three provinces (Northern Province, Southern Province, and Loyalty Islands Province) with marked differences in ethnic composition, socioeconomic status (SES), and urbanization. In 2019, the New Caledonia population numbered 271,407. Among them, 75% lived in Southern Province, which includes Grand Noumea (the only urban area on the archipelago) that accounted 67% of the total population.
Based on this criterion, only one school was eligible in the Loyalty Islands Province, four schools were eligible in the Northern Province (two on each coast), and eight in the Southern Province. Schools were then randomly selected and contacted to obtain agreement from the principal and the teaching team (Figure  1 ). Two classes were then randomly selected in each of four grades (levels) by a staff member, providing around 180 adolescents per school. In each school, we were able to collect data on 90% of the expected sample. The missing 10% was due to students who either were absent or did not provide parental consent. Adolescents with missing data (n = 276) and those from ethnic groups other than Melanesian, Caucasian or Polynesian (n = 4) were then excluded because of the small sample size of these groups.
Limitations and Strengths We analyzed the overall PA time and out-of-school sitting time of adolescents. However, our data did not provide information on the quantity of MVPA, and therefore we could not determine whether the adolescents fulfilled the international recommendations for MVPA. Moreover, the questionnaire did not elicit information on the type of the activities they were doing. It would be helpful and even necessary that future studies include further investigation about the adolescents' activities. The current study collected information from adolescents via a self-administered survey that allowed them to self-assess their PA. While this method is widely used worldwide to collect PA information, it is influenced by the ability to make fairly accurate assessments. We acknowledge that an objective dataset collected from activity sensors or accelerometers would provide a more reliable assessment of PA in New Caledonia across ages, genders, and ethnicities  (84).
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We thank our colleagues from the  University of New Caledonia  who participated in data collection at the schools:  Yolande Cavaloc ,  Sophie Cherrier , and  Yannick Lerrant. We thank the school teaching teams and administrative staff for their help and support with this project. We especially thank the  Department Promotion de la santé en milieu scolaire of the Vice-Rectorat of New Caledonia. This study was supported by the  Children  and adolescent's health and wellness in the  Pacific region network of the University of New Caledonia  and the  University of Sydney , as well as by the  European Commission  through the  RISE program  (Research and  Innovation Staff Exchange)   H2020 -MSCA -RISE -2019  Grant agreement: 873185: FALAH: Family farming, lifestyle and health in the Pacific.
Toward that goal, we propose the development of the Minimum Information for an Omic Protocol (MIOP), a communitydeveloped guide of curated, standardized metadata tags and categories that will orient protocols in the value-chain for the facilitated, structured, and user-driven discovery of suitable protocol suites on the Ocean Best Practices System. Users can annotate their protocols with these tags, or use them as search criteria to find appropriate protocols. Implementing such a curated repository is an essential step toward establishing best practices. Sharing protocols and encouraging comparisons through this repository will be the first steps toward designing a decision tree to guide users to community endorsed best practices.
The recent expansion in marine omics has led to a proliferation of protocols specific to multiple applications. However, these protocols are rarely shared publicly with sufficient detail to reliably reproduce a study  (Dickie et al. , 2018). While the omics community has already achieved high standards for sharing sequence data through the International Nucleotide Sequence Database Collaboration, these data often lack sufficient metadata and provenance information on the protocols used  (Dickie et al. , 2018) , undermining efforts to implement the Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Reusable (FAIR) data principles  (Wilkinson et al. , 2016). These limitations create challenges for marine microbiome research and operations from individual labs up to global (meta)data analysis efforts such as MGnify  (Mitchell et al.
The omics OBPS therefore needs to identify these key methodological categories, to allow protocols and accompanying metadata to be uploaded in modules that link together to form the entire workflow. We propose twelve protocol categories (Figure  1A ) for ocean omics research and operations. Protocols and guidelines are assigned into these categories according to the purpose they serve 1. Categories 5-12 outline methodological categories for operational activities used in the AM Initiative 2. Design and logistics-This category covers the practical logistics for implementing ocean omics research and operations, including the experimental/observational design formulated to address the societal priorities outlined in 1.
ESSENTIAL METADATA FOR OMICS PROTOCOLS The targeted discovery and reuse of protocols can be improved if protocols are effectively described using standardized metadata terms on upload to OBPS and other platforms. Terms and checklists to standardize metadata about primary sequence or biodiversity data already exist [GSC's Minimum Information about any (x) Sequence checklist (MIxS;  Yilmaz et al. , 2011 ) and TDWG's Darwin Core standard  (Wieczorek et al. , 2012) ]; however, no such standards have thus far been published for metadata about omics protocols. Here we present initial suggestions for the Minimum Information for an Omic Protocol (MIOP), a set of ten metadata categories which could correspond to ten key decision tree questions asked to identify the relevant protocol for any project.
The ten MIOP categories (Table  1 ) consist of five novel categories (methodology category, purpose, resources, analysis, target) and five categories already used in the GSC's MIxS (project, geographic location, broad-scale environmental context, local environmental context, and environmental medium). Each category is linked to a set of predefined keywords (metadata terms) from existing vocabularies or ontologies; except for the "project" category, which contains project names, affiliations, and contact details and the "methodology category" outlined in section "Ocean Omics Methodology Categories" (Figure  1A ). Omics users would then select the most appropriate keywords for each category, assigning the terms as metadata for the protocol. This will improve the FAIRness of our protocol data, by allowing consequent users to search the protocol database using the same set of keywords; thereby, limiting the proliferation of descriptive keywords (e.
Learning From Failed Practices During the initial workshop, participants outlined a desire for a best practice system to include "failed practices" and flag when a protocol may limit or eliminate a range of downstream applications. While this type of functionality would not be immediately addressed by implementing MIOP metadata, there would be potential for users to provide feedback for protocols using MIOP metadata and Boolean operators. For example, if a protocol, originally designed for seawater, was used with freshwater samples, the user could upload additional MIOP metadata using "AND freshwater" if the protocol was successful or "NOT freshwater" if unsuccessful. Thereby, broadening the findability of successful protocols and documenting potential limitations to be aware of. Documenting these failed attempts has the potential to save both time and resources.
Machine Readability Machine readable tracking of protocol versions presents an opportunity to visually map the progression of protocols by linking all versions to a "concept, " as implemented in Zenodo and GitHub. Like software, omic protocols may be updated, corrected, and improved necessitating forms of version control and tracking, such as the use of semantic versioning  (Hörstmann et al. , 2020; Preston-Werner, 2021). Implementing this would help to increase recognition for the scientists/technicians/students involved in protocol development through citable documentation of their contributions. Machine-readable and machine-actionable protocols are becoming more important as autonomous technologies evolve. Devices such as the Environmental Sample Processor (ESP) and the Robotic Cartridge Sampling Instrument (RoCSI) are currently being used and developed for autonomous collection, preservation, and in situ analysis of omics samples  (Yamahara et al.
CONCLUSION Multiple groups within the omics community are actively developing best practices for their field. To ensure that all these efforts are effectively utilized, a concerted and community wide effort will be needed to gather and organize these practices. By harnessing the OBPS infrastructure and further developing the MIOP metadata we can: (1) allow protocols to be searched for within a decision tree framework; (2) establish a system that encourages the systematic review of protocols; and (3) reveal community preferences through the accumulation of community use data. Taking these steps toward a structured and global public repository of omics protocols will increase transparency and streamline biomolecular ocean observing research to foster the collaborative networks needed to achieve global scale biodiversity observations.
FUNDING RS was supported by the  Natural Environment Research Council  ( NERC) NEXUSS Studentship  (grant number  NE/N012070/1 ). RM's contributions were supported by the  European Union 's  Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programmes  under grant agreement  N • 862923 , project  AtlantECO (Atlantic ECOsystem  assessment, forecasting and sustainability), and grant agreement  N • 862626 , project  EuroSea  (Improving and Integrating European Ocean Observing and  Forecasting Systems  for Sustainable use of the Oceans). NJ was supported by the  Fisheries and Oceans Canada Marine Conservation Targets programme. CP was supported by  BIOIMAGING-GR.
I have systematically proceeded with data reidentification of the visual documents used for this book. In doing so, I diverge from the internal analysis of images performed by conventional art history and semiotics. It is not so much the intrinsic meaning of an image, or its artistry, that is my concern -admitting that one can reach it beyond any reasonable doubt. What I attempt to read in images, and more often than not in series of images, is the social realities and relations that they convey and attest to. I contend that small clues on social matters can be extracted from even the most staged and artificial visual depictions, in particular when connected to other images or other sources. 30 The insights mined might not be the most visible ones. They might be tangential to the primary subject of the images, and they might lead to external issues.
Acknowledgments Art and Architecture in the Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries, edited by  Francine Giese  et al. , 92-108. Leiden: Brill, 2019. Giese ,  Francine, Leïla el-Wakil , and  Ariane Varela Braga , eds. Der Orient in der Schweiz. Neo-islamische Architektur und Interieurs des 19. und 20. Jahrhunderts [The Orient in Switzerland: 19th and 20th  Century Neo-Islamic Architecture and Interior Design]. Berlin/Munich/Boston :  De Gruyter ,  2019. Gottlieb, Marc. "Gérôme's cinematic imagination. " In Reconsidering Gérôme , edited by  Scott Allan  and  Mary Morton ,  54-64. Los Angeles: J. Paul Getty Museum, 2010. Gregory,  Derek. "Emperors  of the gaze: Photographic practices and productions of space in Egypt,  1839-1914. "In Picturing Place: Photography and the Geographical Imagination, edited by  Joan Schwartz  and  James Ryan ,  195-225.
We consider relatively heavy neutrinos νH , mostly contributing to a sterile state νs, with mass in the range 10 MeV ms mπ ∼ 135 MeV, which are thermally produced in the early universe in collisional processes involving active neutrinos, and freezing out after the QCD phase transition. If these neutrinos decay after the active neutrino decoupling, they generate extra neutrino radiation, but also contribute to entropy production. Thus, they alter the value of the effective number of neutrino species N eff as for instance measured by the cosmic microwave background (CMB), as well as affect primordial nucleosynthesis (BBN), notably 4 He production. We provide a detailed account of the solution of the relevant Boltzmann equations. We also identify the parameter space allowed by current Planck satellite data and forecast the parameter space probed by future Stage-4 ground-based CMB observations, expected to match or surpass BBN sensitivity.
Acknowledgements We warmly thank  Gennaro Miele  for discussions during the development of this project, as well as  A. Boyarsky ,  P. Fernandez de Salas ,  S. Hannestad ,  S. Pastor , and  A. Sabti  for fruitful exchanges. The work of A. M. and N. S. is partially supported by the  Italian Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN)  through the " Theoretical Astroparticle Physics " project and by the research grant number  2017W4HA7S  " NAT-NET: Neutrino and Astroparticle Theory Network " under the program PRIN 2017 funded by the  Italian Ministero dell'Università e della Ricerca (MUR). The work of L. M. is supported by the  Italian Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN)  through the " QGSKY " project and by  Ministero dell'Istruzione, Università e Ricerca (MIUR). The computational work has been executed on the IT resources of the  ReCaS-Bari data center , which have been made available by two projects financed by the  MIUR (Italian Ministry for Education, University and Research)  in the " PON Ricerca e Competitività 2007-2013 "  Program: ReCaS (Azione I -Interventi di rafforzamento strutturale ,  PONa3 00052 , Avviso 254/Ric) and  PRISMA (Asse II -Sostegno all 'innovazione, PON04a2A).
| Patients This study has included all consecutive recipients of a Haplo-SCT with PTCY in four different centers between October 2013 and January 2020. The main objective was to assess and compare the influence of the three comorbidity scores currently used in allotransplant on survivals and NRM. HCT-CI and A/CI were calculated as previously described from each patient's medical file. 2, 3, 17 All data were reviewed for each patient in each center by a trained operator blinded to the patient's outcome. All data were available to provide accurate HCT-CI scores. Pretransplant ferritin and albumin levels as well as platelet counts were evaluated at the time of pre-transplant checkup or just before conditioning (median from transplant: 20 days, range: 4-49), allowing to calculate the AC/AI 4 for all cases.
The secondary objective was to decipher which factors can predict outcomes after transplant by comparing comorbidity scores with other parameters related to each patient or donor. Various conditionings were used, either myeloablative, sequential, or reduced-intensity, including Baltimore-based regimen with fludarabine and clofarabine,  18, 19  clofarabine/fludarabine regimen,  20  or TBF regimen with one or two days of thiotepa. 21 However, all patients received PTCY, cyclosporine, and mycophenolate mofetil as graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis. All patients had provided informed consent for data entry into the European Bone Marrow Transplantation group registry database for observational/retrospective studies. The study was performed in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki.
Power spectrum and bispectrum dependence on the parameters It is well known that varying cosmological and gas parameter results in an amplitude shift of the power spectrum [e. g. 9, 53] and a slight tilt at smaller scales, where the power spectrum has a stronger dependence on the shape of the halo profile. As a consequence, there are important degeneracies among the various parameters and, both with current and future data, one needs to consider additional observables to constrain various parameter jointly, either exploiting other datasets [e. g. 53] or other statistics extracted from the same tSZ maps  [16]. Overall, also the bispectrum displays a similar dependence on different parameters, leading again to an amplitude shift as the main effect. This comes from the fact that tSZ correlators are dominated by the one-halo term, making the overall tSZ statistic nearly Poisson.
Validation against Planck noise and foreground contamination The Planck satellite has provided a full sky map of the Compton-y parameter  [6]. This data was used to measure the the tSZ power spectrum and the bispectrum, and the former was used to constraint cosmological parameters. It is interesting to understand what are the prospective results for a full fledged analysis of the bispectrum recovered from Planck data. To do so, we consider the Planck Gaussian noise and foreground determined in  [6] , and we restrict our analysis in the multipole range  [70, 1000]  to remove the bulk of non-Gaussian noise and remaining spurious contributions. This was performed according to what has been done in  [6, 25]. We show our results in table  6  cannot be meaningfully constrained separately, since are degenerate at power spectrum level.
The effect of this on parameters is fairly small for a single triangle. However, this adds up in a significant way when we produce the final forecasts, by integrating over the very large number of available configurations. The results obtained in our study clearly suggest that a joint power spectrum-bispectrum analysis of, e. g. , Planck data, or a complete likelihood study of this kind, using mock datasets for future experiments, is clearly worth pursuing. This is the object of ongoing work. Another interesting subject for future investigation consists in accounting for spectral corrections to tSZ distortions, arising from relativistic speeds of electrons in clusters  [69]  (the so called relativistic SZ). Such corrections are mass and redshift dependent  [70, 71]  through the cluster temperature scaling  [72]  and therefore could provide further help to break parameter degeneracies if better sensitivity is achieved.