dataesr/scientific-paragraphs-categorization huggingface dataset:
719 for GB and DMSP, respectively. The dilution factor was 0. 1125, accounting for the dilution from 4 mL to 0. 45 mL. Calibration curves were obtained for GB and DMSP at 0. 2 mM, 0. 4 mM, 0. 8 mM and 1. 6 mM in the presence of 1 mM pyrazine. For each sample, a zgesgp at d1=1 s was recorded, and the data were plotted to obtain the correction factor. For both curves, the R 2 was 0. 99. Salinity tolerance experiments in E. coli strains E. coli strain MC4100 and its salt sensitive derivative FF4169 with a △otsA -mutation in the trehalose-6-phosphate synthase gene that renders it unable to produce the osmolyte trehalose  [44]  , were used to study salt tolerance conferred by cloned Gs dsyGD. The Gs dsyGD gene with promoter region was PCR amplified and cloned into the pUCm-T vector and transformed into E.
Gs DsyGD was used in a BLASTp search (cutoff e-value at 1e -55 ) against the NCBI database to identify homologous proteins with 38-50% amino acid identity to full length Gs DsyGD or either of the individual Gs DsyG and 29. 8% to the Gs DsyD domains. E. coli codon-optimized genes, corresponding to: DsyGD homologues in Symploca sp. SIO3E6, Oscillatoria sp. SIO1A7; a DsyG homologue in Z. navalis LEGE 11467; DsyG-like proteins in P. umbilicalis and Planctomycetales bacterium; and DsyD-like proteins from P. parvum Texoma1 and A. monilatum CCMP3105, were synthesized (Sangon Biotech, Shanghai Co. , Ltd. ), cloned into the T7 expression plasmid pET-16b and transformed into E. coli BL21(DE3). To measure MSM and/or DDC activity of the DsyGD, DsyG and DsyG-like enzymes, E. coli BL21(DE3) expressing these recombinant proteins (Supplementary Table  2 ) were grown in triplicate, induced by IPTG and assayed for in vivo MSM and/or DDC activity in E.
Metagenomic analysis of dsyGD presence Metagenomes data of S. alterniflora, R. stylosa and mangrove sediment samples were download from the Chinese National Genomics Data Center GSA database PRJCA002729. Relative abundance of dsyGD was analysis as in  [77]. Only homologues with ≥40% amino acid identity and ≥70% coverage to ratified sequences were counted and used for analysis.
Bioinformatics To search for gene homologs in the Tara Ocean metagenome/metatranscriptome datasets, a Hidden Markov Model (HMM) profile was generated based on the amino acid sequences of reported DMSP synthesis enzymes and ratified DSYE proteins (Supplementary Data 1) by the HMMER tools (v. 3. 3, http://hmmer. janelia. org/)  [78]. Hmmer method searching was performed under default settings with a threshold of 1e - 30. HMM databases were then submitted to online webserver Ocean Gene Atlas  [58]  to search against the prokaryote-enriched Oceans Microbiome Reference Gene Catalog (OM-RGC_v2) and eukaryote-enriched Marine Atlas of Tara Oceans Unigenes (MATOU) dataset using a cutoff e-value of 1e -30  [77]. The homolog sequences files, normalized abundance, and environmental data were obtained.
Acknowledgements We acknowledge  Young Ryun Chung  from  Gyeongsang National University  for kindly providing G. sunshinyii YC6258 strain,  Dr. Ji Liu ,  Dr. Yanfen Zheng  and  Dr. Jingli Liu  for experimental advice. We also thank  Dr. Ornella Carrión  for advice on genomic library construction and  Guang Yang  from the  Ocean University of China  for help with the sampling and identification of Carex scabrifolia.
Acknowledgements This work has been carried out in the framework of a project funded by the  European Research Council (ERC)  under the European Union's  Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme  ( ERC Consolidator Grant  project  HYMNS , with grant agreement No. 681740 ). J. Lerendegui-Marco  and  J. Balibrea  were supported, respectively, by grants  FJC2020-044688-I  and  ICJ220-045122-I  funded by  MCIN/AEI/ 10. 13039/501100011033  and by  European Union NextGenerationEU/PRTR. The authors acknowledge support from the  Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación  under grants  PID2019-104714GB-C21 ,  FPA2017-83946-C2-1-P ,  FIS2015-71688-ERC ,  CSIC  for funding  PIE-201750I26. In line with the principles that apply to scientific publishing and the  CERN  policy in matters of scientific publications, the n_TOF Collaboration recognises the work of  V.
For each run, pressure drop was measured every 5 seconds for two minutes. The measurement was done in real-time by interfacing the sensors to a computer using the DASYLab data acquisition system (V9. 00. 02) and analyzed using MATLAB (R2022a) software. To investigate the hydrodynamic characteristics of the RPB, the three process parameters considered were varied systematically. In each experiment, only one of the parameters was changed at a time, keeping the other parameters constant. The ranges of the parameter studied were as follows: rotation speed from 0 to 1500 rpm, gas flow rate 100-300mnorm 3 /h, and liquid flow rate 0. 39-0. 75m 3 /h. These ranges correspond to 𝛽 ̅ , 𝐹 ̅ 𝐺 and 𝐿𝐿 ̅̅̅ of 0-452, 0. 84-2. 64Pa 0. 5 , and 10-20m 3 m -2 h -1 , respectively. A photo of the arrangement is shown in Figure  4.
Conclusion and Perspective The hydrodynamics of a pilot-scale RPB equipped with a stainless steel wire mesh packing utilized as a gas/liquid contactor were studied. The maximum value of the average high gravity factor used was 452, integrated gas capacity factor 2. 6Pa 0. 5 , and a liquid load of up to 20m 3 m -2 h -1 were explored. Pressure drops in the RPB investigated were influenced by the three operational parameters: integrated gas capacity factor, average high gravity factor, and liquid loads. Within the normal operating range investigated, a single central liquid distributor produced lower wet pressure drops than a double jet liquid distributor. These investigations will be further explored by developing a novel RPB packing based on the pressure drop data from this work. The new packing geometry will consider a constant liquid holdup through the axial length of the packing.
More recently, in 2020, it has been reported by Mo et al. [17] , the use of coordinated and grafted manganese porphyrin to mesoporous and macroporous chitosan as catalyst in the oxidation of ethylbenzene. Notably, the center ion in manganese metalloporphyrins is present in the II, III, IV and V oxidation states and up to date, 43, 201, 5 and 3 Mn(II), Mn(III), Mn(IV) and Mn(V) porphyrin complex structures are respectively reported in the Cambridge Structural Database (CSD Version 5. 42, last update April 2021)  [18]. The large number of published manganese(III) porphyrin structures testifies to the high stability of these compounds under ambient laboratory conditions. It has been noticed that Mn(III) metalloporphyrins can be coordinated to one or two axial ligands and the majority of these 3d 4 complexes are high-spin for which the ground state electronic configuration of the Mn(III) center metal is [(  ) 1 (  ) 1 (  ) 1 (  2 ) 1 ].
X-ray structure determination The X-ray intensity data for I-II were collected at 150 K with D8 VENTURE Bruker AXS and APEXII Bruker-AXS diffractometers, respectively. These two diffractometers are equipped with a CCD camera and a graphite-monochromator. The X-ray radiation used was the Mo-K radiation (λ = 0. 71073 Å). The intensity data for I-II were collected by the narrow-frame method at low temperature. Both unit cell parameters for I-II were calculated and then refined from the full data collections. The reflections were scaled and corrected for absorption effects using the SADABS program version (Bruker APEX2 2014) [28]. For II, the counterion is made by one full triflate ion (SO3CF3) -but for I, the counterion is mostly made by SO3CF3 -with an occupancy factor or 90% and a minor occupancy of 10% is made by a chloride ion.
Hirshfeld surface analysis The Crystal Explorer17. 5 program has been utilized to obtain the Hirshfeld surfaces and the 2D Fingerprint plots of our two manganese(III) porphyrin complexes I-II  [20]  based on the crystallographic CIF (Crystallographic Information File). Equation  3 was used to calculate the different normalized contact distances "dnorm" where "de" is the distance from the point to the nearest nucleus external to the surface, "d i " is the distance to the nearest nucleus internal to the surface and "vdW" is the van der Waals radii of the atom  [24]. dnorm = 𝑑 𝑖 -𝑟 𝑖 𝑣𝑑𝑊 𝑟 𝑖 𝑣𝑑𝑊 + 𝑑 𝑒 -𝑟 𝑒 𝑣𝑑𝑊 𝑟 𝑒 𝑣𝑑𝑊 (Eq. 3).
Observations and data analysis The time histories of neutron monitor count rates during historical GLEs are publicly available at the GLE database at the University of Oulu 1  and the Neutron Monitor Database (NMDB) hosted by the University of Kiel 2. The GLE database has more events, but many historical GLEs were only observed with a cadence of 5 min, while GLEs of solar cycle 23 onwards are provided with 1-minute integration by NMDB. In the first step of our analysis, we selected GLEs using time profiles with 5-minute integration. Neutron monitor count rates depend on the mass of air above the instrument, which determines the absorption of the cascade triggered by the primary energetic particle (see  Hatton, 1971; Bütikofer, 2018, and references therein). The count rates, therefore, have to be corrected, and this is done for each station by multiplying the raw count rate with a factor exp P À " P ð Þ=k ð Þ , based on an empirically well-established linear correlation between the logarithm of the raw count rate and the pressure P measured at the same time.
The start time is the intersection of the backward-extrapolated fit with the pre-event background. This estimate of the start time is listed in column 4, together with the statistical uncertainty of the fit. The peak time t p (col. 5) is extracted from the 5-minute data or, when 1-minute data are used, from smoothed data over five points. This is to employ a consistent definition between the different datasets and to reduce the sensitivity of the determination to statistical count rate fluctuations. The time to maximum Dt m = t pt st is defined as the difference between peak time and start time (cols. 3 or 4 and 5). The start time derived from the extrapolation of the early rise of the curve (col. 4) is used when available. The time to maximum and the peak excess count rate at sea level are listed in columns 2 and 3 of Table  2 , where the entries are ordered by increasing time to a maximum.
Since the catalogued onset times often include early activity that is not unambiguously related to the eruptive event of interest, we used data witha 3second resolution 5  to refine the determination. Similar to the GLE onset, we determined the start of the SXR burst by the backward extrapolation to the pre-event level of a straight-line fit to the SXR time profile before the main peak. The first detection of the CME and the speed in the plane of the sky were taken from the SoHO/LASCO-based catalogue at the CDAW Data Center 6  and the related halo CME catalogue 7. Information on CMEs in 1989 was taken from the Solar Maximum Mission (SMM) CME catalogue at the High Altitude Observatory 8. In two events (1989 Aug 16 and Nov 15) SMM observed a CME, but the velocity measurements in the catalogue are quoted as relating to prominence features, not to the front of the CMEs.
These data are not used here. The GLE parameters are compared with the parameters of solar eruptive activity in Table  2. Columns 6-8 are the parameters of the SXR burst. The start time inferred from the backward extrapolation is listed in column 6, with the value in the GOES catalogue within parentheses. Column 7 lists the time to maximum (i. e. difference between peak time and start time), again with the value from the GOES catalogue within parentheses. The peak flux is in column 8. Column 9 displays the heliographic latitude and longitude from the GOES catalogue. When CME observations of the event are available, they are reported in columns 10 and 11, with the first detection above the occulter (10) and the reported speed measured in the plane of the sky (11). The projected speed of the 2005 Jan 20 CME in the CDAW catalogue is 882 km s À2.
Acknowledgements. The authors acknowledge the providers of the neutron monitor data used in this work, namely the PIs of the worldwide neutron monitor network, the NMDB database hosted by the  University of Kiel  and the GLE database at the  University of Oulu. The  French Polar Institute IPEV  is acknowledged for its operation of the neutron monitors at  Kerguelen Island  and  Terre Adélie , and the personnel at these stations for their dedicated work under difficult conditions. Sophie Musset is supported by the  European Space Agency Research Fellowship programme. This study received financial support from the  French space agency CNES. The authors are grateful to many colleagues, especially  R. Buetikofer ,  S. Dalla ,  P. Démoulin ,  E. Flueckiger ,  A. Papaioannou , and  R. D. Strauss , as well as participants at the NMDB 2022 workshop, for helpful discussions, and to the  International Space Science Institute (ISSI) Bern  for a number of motivating team meetings.
It is likely that many of the observed cross-links between respiratory chain complexes may be the result of transient interactions between the complexes or the consequence of the complex mitochondrial ultrastructure. Future studies will be needed to correlate the abundance of respirasomes (e. g. , by cryo-electron tomography or focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy, FIB-SEM, of mitochondria) to provide a basis for a quantitative interpretation of the XL-MS data. (A-C ). The structurally-defined interactions between different respiratory chain complexes in respirasomes that were disrupted (PDB: 5GUP  33   FIGURE LEGENDS.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS N. G. L. was supported by the  Swedish Research Council  ( 2015-00418 ),  Swedish Cancer Foundation , the  Knut and Alice Wallenberg foundation  ( 2016. 0050 and  2019. 0109 ),  European Research Council  (Advanced Grant  2016-741366 ), grants from the  Swedish  state under the agreement between the  Swedish government  and the county councils ( SLL2018. 0471 ) and the  Max Planck Society. J. H. and I. C. were supported by the  Medical Research Council  ( MC_U105663141  and  MC_UU_00015/2 ). J. F. H. and A. J. R. H. acknowledge the  Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO)  for funding the  Netherlands Proteomics Center  through the  X-omics Road Map program  (project  184. 034. 019 ), and the  Spinoza Grant SPI. 2017. 028. We would like to thank  Petra Kirschner  and  Martin Purrio  for expert technical assistance.
Soil microorganism richness This was determined in May 2017 by co-extracting RNA and DNA from three soil cores (5 cm diameter, 7 cm depth) in five subplots per plot  62. While DNA extraction describes the entire microbial community, RNA represents the active community. The v3-v4 region of the 16S rRNA gene was amplified and sequenced with a MiSeq sequencer (Illumina). Taxonomic classification was done by mapping curated sequences against the SILVA small subunit (SSU) 138 non-redundant (NR) database  63  with the Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLASTN)  64.
Birds and bats Birds and bats passing at each replicate plot were sampled in September 2017 using SM2Bat + sound recorders (Wildlife Acoustics) with two microphones (SMX-II and SMX-US) placed at a height of 1. 5 m in the middle of each plot  68. We assigned the bird vocalization to species with Xeno-Canto  69  and the Macaulay library  70. Insectivorous bat species richness was computed by dividing them into morphospecies based on the characteristics of their call (call frequency, duration, shape). In addition, we gathered information on proportional diet preferences of the bird species using the EltonTrait database  71. We defined birds feeding on invertebrates (potential biocontrol agents) as the species with a diet of at least 80% invertebrates and feeding on nectar (potential pollinators), if the diet included at least 20% of nectar.
Study description We assessed the effect of management intensity on ecosystem functions, biodiversity and profitability in a state-owned industrial oil palm plantation in Jambi, Indonesia. The study consisted of a full factorial field experiment with two fertilization levels (conventional vs reduced fertilization rates) and two weeding methods (herbicide vs mechanical weeding), resulting in four treatment combinations. The four treatments were randomly assigned on 50 m × 50 m plots replicated in 4 blocks, totaling to 16 plots. For each replicate plot, data were collected within an inner 30 m × 30 m area to avoid possible edge effects. In total, we measured 23 indicators of eight ecosystem functions, seven indicators of biodiversity and six economic indicators linked to the level and stability of yield and profit in each replicate plot, during the first four years of the management experiment.
Sampling strategy We used a full factorial field experiment of two fertilization rates × two weeding practices, resulting in four treatment combinations that were randomly assigned on 50 m × 50 m plots. The four treatments were replicated in 4 blocks, totaling to 16 plots. Data on ecosystem functions, biodiversity and economic indicators were collected in all the replicate plots at different spatial scales, based on published standard methods. We collected spatially large scale variables such as bird and bat activity over the entire plot. Oil palm yield was restricted to the central area of the plots (inner 30 m × 30 m area) to avoid potential influence by plot edges. Spatially fine scale variables such as plants, litter decomposition, soil microbes and soil arthropods were measured in five 5 m × 5 m subplots in each replicate plot, which were all within the inner 30 m × 30 m area of each plot.
Acknowledgements This study was funded by the  Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG , project number  192626868-SFB 990/2-3 ) in the framework of the collaborative  German-Indonesian  research project  CRC990 1   Soil Science of Tropical and Subtropical Ecosystems, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany. 2 Forest Economics and Sustainable Land Use Planning, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany. 3  Department of Conservation Biology, Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and Anthropology, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany. 4  Department of Agroecology, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany. 5Genomic and  Applied Microbiology ,  University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany. 6Biodiversity, Macroecology and Biogeography, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany.
Data availability Data on the indicators of ecosystem functions, biodiversity and economic productivity are publicly available from the Göttingen Research Online repository: https://doi. org/10. 25625/MZJLUM (ref. 74 ). Taxonomic classification of ribosomal RNA was done by mapping curated sequences against the SILVA SSU 138 NR database (https://doi. org/10. 1093/nar/gks1219). Data on proportional diet preferences of the bird species were gathered from the EltonTrait database (https://doi. org/10. 1890/13-1917. 1). Bird vocalizations were assigned to species level using Xeno-Canto (Xeno-Canto Foundation, 2012) and the Macaulay library (https://www. macaulaylibrary. org).
Data Policy information about availability of data All manuscripts must include a data availability statement. This statement should provide the following information, where applicable: -Accession codes, unique identifiers, or web links for publicly available datasets -A list of figures that have associated raw data -A description of any restrictions on data availability Data of indicators of ecosystem functions, biodiversity and economic productivity are publicly available from the Göttingen Research Online repository: https:// doi. org/10. 25625/MZJLUM. Taxonomic classification of ribosomal RNA was done by mapping curated sequences against the SILVA SSU 138 NR database (https:// doi. org/10. 1093/nar/gks1219). Data on proportional diet preferences of the bird species were gathered from the EltonTrait database (https:// doi.
The MS of complexes 7 exhibited the parent peaks expected for the bis(nickel-NHC) complexes together with the expected isotopic envelope for complexes with two nickel atoms. Scheme 5. Synthesis of the organometallic complexes 7a-7d from nickelocene and calix  [4] arenebound imidazolium salts. When the imidazolium salt 4c was reacted with Ni(η-C5H5)2 under more forcing conditions (refluxing 1,4-dioxane for 4 days), a different product, 8, was obtained (Scheme 6) in moderate 45% yield. Its structure was determined via a single crystal X-ray diffraction study, but despite many attempts, only small crystals could be obtained. The resolved structure did not appear to be significantly disordered, apart from commonly observed rotational disorder for some t-Bu groups, but the data were not good due to many weak or absent reflections, and so the esds were high and the structure was not fully refined.
Its structure was determined via a single crystal X-ray diffraction study, but despite many attempts, only small crystals could be obtained. The resolved structure did not appear to be significantly disordered, apart from commonly observed rotational disorder for some t-Bu groups, but the data were not good due to many weak or absent reflections, and so the esds were high and the structure was not fully refined. Nevertheless, we believe the structure is useful, as it nevertheless established the structure of the compound and yielded further geometric information. It is quite unusual for an 18-electron organometallic complex to lose a η 5 -C 5 H 5 ligand, as these ligands are typically inert and not substitutionally labile. A well-known textbook states, "The Cp group [. ] (is) the most firmly bound.
Acknowledgments: We thank  Corinne Bailly  from the  University of Strasbourg  X-ray service for the structural determination of compound 8. We also acknowledge the  CNRS  and the  University of Strasbourg  for supporting and partially funding this work. The authors also thank  E. Wasielewski  and  M. Chessé , who are responsible for the research platforms and facilities (Strasbourg NMR platform and Strasbourg chromatography facilities) of LIMA (UMR7042  CNRS-Unistra-UHA ) and contributed, by their valuable technical and scientific support, to the achievement of this research project.
ABSTRACT Introduction: Real-world evidence regarding molecular epidemiology and management patterns of patients with EGFR exon-20 mutated, advanced NSCLC outside the context of clinical trials is lacking. Methods: We created a European registry for patients with advanced EGFR exon 20-mutant NSCLC diagnosed from January 2019 to December 2021. Patients enrolled in clinical trials were excluded. Clinicopathologic and molecular epidemiology data were collected, and treatment patterns were recorded. Clinical end points according to treatment assignment were assessed using Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox regression models. Results: Data on 175 patients from 33 centers across nine countries were included in the final analysis. Median age was 64. 0 (range: 29. 7-87. 8) years. Main features included female sex (56.
8%) and MET amplifications (9. 4%). Treatment on mutation identification included chemotherapy (CT) (33. 8%), CT-immunotherapy (IO) (18. 2%), osimertinib (22. 1%), poziotinib (9. 1%), mobocertinib (6. 5%), mono-IO (3. 9%), and amivantamab (1. 3%). Disease control rates were 66. 2% with CT plus or minus IO, 55. 8% with osimertinib, 64. 8% with poziotinib, and 76. 9% with mobocertinib. Corresponding median overall survival was 19. 7, 15. 9, 9. 2, and 22. 4 months, respectively. In multivariate analysis, type of treatment (new targeted agents versus CT ± IO) affected progression-free survival (p ¼ 0. 051) and overall survival (p ¼ 0. 03). Conclusions: EXOTIC represents the largest academic realworld evidence data set on EGFR exon 20-mutant NSCLC in Europe. Indirectly compared, treatment with new exon 20targeting agents is likely to confer survival benefit than CT plus or minus IO.