dataesr/scientific-paragraphs-categorization huggingface dataset:
Major challenges were identified for the coming years such as the need to implement more systematic actions to address disaster risks in the context of sustainable development and to strengthen resilience strategies to better manage these risks. CC was identified as a major factor in the increase of disasters and of severe consequences on people's health. To reduce the consequences of CC, the Kyoto Protocol, which was signed in 1997 and came into force in 2005, was accompanied by the Hyogo Framework for Action, which aimed to build the resilience to disasters of nations and communities (United Nations and International Strategy for Disaster Reduction, 2005). And so, CC is a latecomer to the field of health and only in the 2000s became a topic in the scientific literature. Through another database, Science Direct, the same observation was made by  Verner et al.
on CC and health publications between 1990 and 2014 (Verner et al. , 2016). Not only did health-related publications represent a minority of all CC publications, but it would certainly take years to catch up with the research gap. Through its numerous works, reports, and tools, along with other organizations the WHO has been closing the gap, producing guidance for systematic risk assessment and monitoring  (World Health Organization, 2015 , 2022a). In its 2021 report, the Lancet Countdown also showed, in another database, Embase, the recent but significant increase on health-related CC  (Romanello et al. , 2021). Moreover, as in our study, this report concluded that in terms of absolute number of articles, the topic of health-related CC included far fewer publications than CC alone  (Romanello et al.
Health is also a late entrant in the field of CC, and it has taken many efforts of groups of scientists such as the Lancet Countdown to mainstream health into international discussions on CC by informing on the effects of CC on health and providing recommendations  (Costello et al. , 2009; Watts et al. , 2015). However, the subject was raised at COP 26, following which more than 50 countries committed to adapting their health systems and developing climate-smart health care (The Lancet Planetary Health, 2021; World Health Organization, 2021b). The subject of CC in relation to HCF did not emerge until the end of the 2000s. In our study, a more in-depth search of five medical, biomedical, life sciences, and environmental databases revealed a visible progression from 2005 onwards: this remained marginal in relation to the total number of publications.
Moreover, analyzing the effects of CC on HCF requires both precise knowledge of how a health care facility operates and a global vision of the complex health care system  (Raffoul et al. , 2019; Lawson et al. , 2019). This intersectoral approach is of interest in the analysis of other complex problems related to CC  (Valente et al. , 2022). It can be difficult to have this double reading and analysis when one is a medical specialist, a scientist, or a physician, who probably represent a significant proportion of the authors who publish in journals linked to biomedical and medical databases, or when the authors are mainly outside the health sector, as in environmental databases. We are probably confronted with a publication bias that is characterized by: i) compartmentalization of hospital activities that prevents authors from having a global vision of the impacts of CC on HCF, ii) a lack of knowledge about CC by health care professionals, and iii) the idea that the subject of CC would not arouse scientific interest with regard to a medical journal in which the existing system impels us to publish.
Comparing the increased number of articles published in the databases used in the study, the number of occurrences of HCF-related keywords increased in a similar way in the five IPCC assessment reports analyzed. Before the 2000s, CC linked to HCF was not a real concern. Since one of IPCC's missions is to review scientific literature, this joint evolution between the number of publications and the number of occurrences reinforces the interest of the five databases used in our study. The increase of published articles was even more marked from 2009 onwards, following the 61st World Health Assembly, which recognized in its 19th resolution that the effects of CC on human health were already observable, and which set out commitments on CC, health, the health sector, and the promotion of research on these issues, the objective being to assess and strengthen health systems  (World Health Organization, 2008).
Eligibility criteria and data extraction We considered for inclusion reviews that: (1) were systematic, as defined by having a systematic search on at least one bibliographic database, explicitly reporting primary studies selection criteria and providing a list and synthesis of included studies; (2) considered as primary studies either cohort or cross-sectional or case-control studies; (3) have been published in a peer-reviewed journal; (4) compared people with pre-existing mental disorders (i. e. , with a diagnosis of mental disorder established before the pandemic onset) with those without a preexisting mental disorder; and (5) assessed at least one of the following outcomes: (a) risk of contracting SARS-Cov-2 infection, (b) risk of severe COVID-19 illness, (c) risk of long-term physical symptoms after COVID-19 illness, (d) mortality from SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Keywords Umbrella review, Covid-19, Sars-CoV-2, Mental health, Mortality, Pre-existing mental health disorders data for the COVID-19 pandemic. We considered systematic reviews independently of whether a meta-analysis was performed. Two authors independently and in parallel extracted the following data: author, date of publication, timeframe covered by the search, population and comparator, design of included studies, inclusion and exclusion criteria, outcomes, risk of bias assessment strategy, how exposure to SARS-CoV-2 was established, number of included studies and participants, and outcomes of interest with I 2 statistic as a measure of heterogeneity. In terms of meta-analysis, we aimed to summarize effect size in terms of adjusted Odds Ratio (aOR), if that was not available, we considered the most adjusted model available.
As a result, 591 participated in the study. However, 28 were excluded from the analysis due to inconsistencies in their responses and understanding of the probability questions; 563 participants were included in the final analysis. Interviews were conducted in separate rooms by professional interviewers. Ethical clearance was obtained from a higher education institution in the UK and from the national ethics committee in Senegal. Written consent was collected from participants in order for them to participate in the study. Data were stored on a secured server, and anonymized data were used for data analysis.
Clues to the allergy disparities Air pollution did not explain the Finnish/Russian allergy contrast. According to the WHO World Database in 2016, the amount of small particulate matter in the ambient air was lowest in Finland  (36). Common environmental chemicals did not give an explanation either  (37). Maybe the contrast was not the result of new risk factors but the consequence of losing protective factors along with the post-war Great Accleration  (38). If so, what are the protective factors? Originally, the hygiene hypothesis postulated that allergic diseases may be prevented by viral respiratory infections in early childhood  (39). In adults, we measured antibodies against seven pathogens including hepatitis A virus, Helicobacter pylori, Toxoplasma gondii, herpes simplex virus, Chlamydia pneumoniae and the periodontal pathogens Porphyromonas gingivalis and Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans.
A field guide for Butterflies of Britain and Europe was completed in 2011  (48)  and Ilkka Hanski, ecologist and father of the so called metapopulation theory (49) provided the foreword. He joined the Karelia study group to study biodiversity in relation to allergy and asthma. In the Finnish Karelia, the environmental biodiversity around the homes of adolescents, aged 14-18 years, was estimated by calculating the abundance of vascular plants in the yard and by characterizing the land use within a radius of three kilometer using the CORINE2000 land cover database  (2). The data were correlated with skin microbiota, expression of an anti-inflammatory cytokine, IL-10, and the atopic status of the adolescents. The results were straight forward: the higher the environmental biodiversity the richer the skin microbiota and the less atopic manifestations.
As biodiversity concerns both the macro-and microworld, the extreme complexity is obvious (99). In epidemiological studies, biodiversity has not, until recently, been determined either as a main or confounding variable. It has been difficult to agree upon any satisfactory biodiversity index to describe the natural richness and variety of the living environment  (100). Nevertheless, CORINE land cover database by the European Environment Agency gives an idea of natural richness of our surroundings. It is standardized, available free of charge, and updated in 2018 (101). Is the biodiversity hypothesis relevant for actions stopping the allergy & asthma epidemic or endorsing public health in general? The only long-term implementation so far is the Finnish Allergy Programme 2008-2018, which aimed to improve immune tolerance and nature relatedness.
For our programming in Matlab here, Lorentz volume averaging was used, where the position of the circular section is considered fixed, while the initial position of the walker is uniformly within it. The consecutive absolute positions r i are dummy except for their differences, that define the construction steps R i = |r i+1 À r i |. To ensure uniform filling of the section required for volume averaging, it is sufficient to define the first radius R 1 directly by line code, R(:, 1) = R0*(1 À sqrt(rand (N, 1))), where N is the number of constructs and R0 is the pore radius. Constructions reach the limit (pore-wall at radius R0) relatively quickly, most often no more than thirty steps. By systematically taking 100 steps in one construction (without testing the final radius) we are almost sure of the success of the operation, rendering the matlab programming trivial.
Acknowledgments The authors would like to thank  Professors Evgeny A. Pchelintsev  and  Claude Depollier  for sending them a copy of the article by Pontrjagin et al. [17] on which the method in this paper is based. N. Nemati  acknowledges financial support from a  French government  Grant managed by  ANR  within the framework of the  National Program Investments  for the Future  ANR-11-LABX-0022-01.
Stage 2: Identifying relevant studies The search strategy was developed in consultation with two librarians from two different universities. It was adapted for each of the targeted databases: Medline, Embase, CINHAL, APA PsycINFO (see S1 Appendix for details). No published filters will be used. The grey literature will also be searched using Google Scholar, OpenGrey  [44]  and ProQuest Dissertation & Theses Global (PQDTGlobal)  [45]. A hand search of the reference lists of all selected documents will also be performed to find other relevant references. Abstracts from conferences will be excluded due to their lack of content describing the patient's beliefs, values, preferences and expectations related to physiotherapy services. Systematic and scoping reviews will be excluded, but their reference lists will be examined to ensure relevant studies are included.
Before they pursue with this second stage, the two independent reviewers will meet and discuss about the first stage of screening to make any needed clarifications to the eligibility criteria. Again, disagreements will be resolved through discussions and, if required, by a third reviewer. The results of the selection process will be presented in a PRISMA-ScR flow diagram. A pilot literature search was performed on April 27, 2022 on the four databases listed above to evaluate the number of studies that might be included in the review. Following the database search using our predetermined keywords, 4499 studies were imported into Covidence for screening. Once the duplicates removed, the first and second author screened the titles and abstracts to get an overview of the type and number of studies to be included.
Stage 4: Charting the data Covidence will be used for data extraction. A data extraction form will be used to extract data from the included studies and it will be uploaded into Covidence. Extracted data will include each study characteristics (e. g. author, study design, methodology), population (e. g. age, gender, localization of pain. ) and information related to previous physiotherapy needs, beliefs, values, preferences and expectations. The extraction form will be tested by two independent reviewers on five articles to ensure the feasibility and quality of the extraction process and to assess reviewers' agreement. In case of disparities between the reviewers, they will meet to discuss and ensure concordance. If needed, the form will be modified and all changes will be mentioned in the publication of the scoping review.
One reviewer will perform this analysis using the Nvivo software. By the end, central themes will be summarized, and findings will be presented for each of the objectives of this scoping review. The results of this analysis will then be presented and discussed with all members of the team, including two persons living with chronic pain (see Stage 6: Consultation with stakeholders). A visual representation of the findings will be created. Considering the subjective and qualitative nature of the perceived needs, which is the subject of interest of this scoping review, convergent qualitative meta-integration will allow a deeper understanding of this complex concept by efficiently combining the results of qualitative, quantitative and mixed studies  [47]. Through this analysis process we will be able to identify what are the perceived needs of people living with chronic pain regarding physiotherapy services and to identify if gaps exist in the current literature related to this topic.
International MG patient council meeting report Discussions among six council members living with MG Detailed discussions among patient council members who lived with MG and were patient advocates in their local communities Extracted insights from the meeting report that were not already captured in the qualitative research study experience of MG and are described in full detail in the original patient-led analysis  [12]. Patient insights into the lived experience of MG based on qualitative data reported in the literature and direct patient quotes were extracted from three sources (Table  1 ). Insights and quotes extracted from the data sources were categorized into nine descriptive domains: physical, psychological, social, activities and participation, reproduction and parenting, controlled/inadequately controlled, flare-ups and myasthenic crises, treatment burden and unmet needs.
Questions were customized for relevance (i. e. , experience of being involved "as a member of the patient council" or "as a patient author") and were reviewed and approved by target audience representatives. In September 2020, nine members of the patient council were invited to complete the patient experience survey comprising 16 questions to evaluate how well researchers worked with patient partners in the qualitative data generation. Eight members of the patient council completed the survey and one patient council member did not complete the survey, despite a follow-up email. Following the publication of the research findings, we gained feedback on the authorship experience from three non-patient authors (13 questions) and one patient author (17 questions) in December 2021. Following preparation of the lived experience manuscript, one of the patient authors sadly passed away so only one patient author completed the authorship experience survey.
Acknowledgements Following the development of the lived experience analysis manuscript, lead and patient co-author Nancy Law sadly passed away (September 2021). Nancy was key to driving this analysis to bring the voice of people living with MG into the peer-reviewed literature. The authors and UCB both gratefully acknowledge Nancy's valuable and inspirational contribution to this work. We give special thanks to the people with MG who participated in the qualitative data generation. We thank the patient advocates who were members of the International Myasthenia Gravis Patient Council in September 2019 and August 2020 (see Law et al. [12]  for full details of the patient council members). Jenny Hepburn (Envision Pharma Group) assisted with the thematic analysis of the insights, funded by UCB Pharma.
The JPIAMR-PAAN was assembled in May 2021, as a collaboration led by researchers in Canada and Norway representing three interrelated disciplines (AMS, primary care and implementation science). The network has more than 30 members representing 11 different countries (Document S1, available as Supplementary data at JAC-AMR Online). The network members were invited to participate in the network because of their interest and expertise in one or more of the three interrelated disciplines. The main objectives of the JPIAMR-PAAN include: (i) to develop and implement best practice tools and resources for designing and implementing antibiotic prescribing A&F in primary care; and (ii) to identify and prioritize a research agenda to advance the field and optimize A&F to support appropriate antibiotic prescribing in primary care.
Materials and methods An online survey was administered to all JPIAMR-PAAN network members with the goal of at least one respondent per country. The survey included 11 questions regarding A&F interventions on antibiotic prescribing, separated into three domains: current A&F activities, planned A&F activities and national antibiotic stewardship programme and policy (Document S2). The survey only collected which country the members represented. No other personalized data were collected. The survey was sent by e-mail with a survey link, along with an invitation to participate, to all JPIAMR-PAAN-members (33), representing 11 countries. The survey was available from 21 October 2021 to 15 January 2022. During this period, respondents received one invitation to participate and three e-mail reminders to complete the survey.
The TARGET website hosts a range of AMS tools including, for example, patient information leaflets, self-assessment checklists (Document S5), toolkits and resources to help practitioners implement AMS activities. 18  Respondents from England also mentioned various free-access monthly practice-level prescribing databases such as 'Fingertips' and 'ePact2', which allow prescribers in England to compare their practice against local, regional or national settings/average. 19, 20  Lowering AntiMicrobial Prescribing (LAMP) is a regional UK project, which utilizes EMR data. 21  Similarly, the Australian Commission on Safety and Quality in Health Care and the Australian National Centre for Antimicrobial Stewardship also provide a variety of AMS resources for practitioners aiming to implement AMS activities.
Routine A&F activities and funding sources Members from 6 out of 11 countries reported routine antibiotic A&F activities in primary care in their country, with notable differences in funding sources. Australia has routine A&F in hospitals, but this does not yet exist in primary care. In Ontario, Canada some activities are government funded, while others are conducted with support from academic research grants. Denmark reported having routine A&F that could be supported by the Danish regions. The five Danish regions were formed during the 2007 reform, and have the primary responsibility for overseeing hospitals, GPs and specialists in private practice. 41  In France, activities are primarily coordinated and funded by the national health insurance and the Ministry of Health. 42, 43  In Italy, A&F for antibiotic prescribing is a required institutional activity in each Local Health Authority.
Limitations There are notable limitations in this paper on A&F interventions and AMS efforts. Survey results for each country were obtained from only one or two representatives, and limited to the 11 countries presented by JPIAMR-PAAN members. Furthermore, web-based search was conducted to confirm or supply survey results. We only received information on our members' current and planned A&F activities, and not all existing AMS and A&F activities in their country. Further, these data are not generalizable to low-or middle-income countries as there are unique challenges related to both the burden of drug-resistant infections and response to AMR. 56.
Public health and risk communication Since the initial production of the two pamphlets on ashfall, IVHHN has developed innovative and culturally adapted public communication products for use during eruptions. Building on a study of community perceptions to agency advice, related to gas and aerosol emissions (known as 'vog') at Kīlauea volcano  (Horwell et al. , 2023b) , IVHHN and local agencies codeveloped a suite of printable information products with advice tailored to the communities' lifestyles and practices (Figure  1 ). In 2016, the guidance was adopted by relevant agencies on the Island of Hawaiʻi, thereby standardizing advice across agencies for the first time. This partnership resulted in the Hawaii Interagency Vog Information Dashboard (https://vog. ivhhn. org)  (Horwell et al. , 2023b) , developed to centralize resources related to volcanic emissions in Hawaii, including the information products and air quality data and forecasts.
Promoting scientific research The field of research on the health hazards and impacts of eruptions is growing. IVHHN supports research by hosting an online library of all research articles published in relation to volcanoes and health. In 2023, a new, fully searchable bibliographic database will be available on the website at https:// www. ivhhn. org/ivhhn-library. IVHHN also promotes research through convening workshops and sessions on health and eruptions at international conferences. Research progress was recently reviewed by  Stewart et al. (2022) , and the fundamental questions related to volcanic exposures and health have been a career focus for several of us, such as whether volcanic RCS is pathogenic, whether exposures are sufficiently long to cause silicosis (e. g. ,  Baxter et al.
Acknowledgments The authors would like to thank all collaborators (both academics and practitioners) who have supported the work of IVHHN over the past 20 years. Without such support, IVHHN would not be the organization that it is today. We also thank the  Leverhulme Trust  for funding a  Research Interchange Grant  in 2003, which supported the inception of  IVHHN. Our thanks to  Liz Westby ,  Katie Mulliken  and two reviewers for their insightful reviews. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the  U. S. Government.
Introduction: With recent higher awareness of the necessity of improving healthcare workers' wellbeing, we aimed to overview systematic reviews dealing with interventions on well-being, occupational health, and aging of healthcare workers. Methods: From three databases (PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science), a scoping review of systematic reviews was carried out to determine current knowledge on interventions focused on the well-being or aging of healthcare workers. Only systematic reviews were considered, with appropriate extraction and quality evaluation. Results: Of the total of 445 references identified, 10 systematic reviews were included, mostly published since 2019. Nurses were the most frequent targets of interventions, and mental health was the main outcome described. The overall level of quality was also heterogenous, with high to low-quality reviews.