dataesr/scientific-paragraphs-categorization huggingface dataset:
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We thank  G. Pautasso  and  E. Fable  for useful suggestions. This work has been carried out within the framework of the  EUROfusion Consortium  and has received funding from the  Euratom  research and training Programme 2014-2018 under Grant Agreement No. 633053. This work was granted access to the HPC resources of Aix-Marseille 062509-15 Fil et al. Phys. Plasmas 22, 062509 (2015) This article is copyrighted as indicated in the article. Reuse of AIP content is subject to the terms at: http://scitation. aip. org/termsconditions. Downloaded to IP:  134. 94. 122. 17On: Mon, 31 Aug 2015 11:25:26 University financed by the Project  Equip@Meso  ( ANR-10-EQPX-29-01 ). A part of this work was carried out using the HELIOS supercomputer system (IFERC-CSC),  Aomori, Japan , under the Broader Approach collaboration, implemented by  Fusion for Energy  and  JAEA , and using the CURIE supercomputer, operated into the TGCC by  CEA, France , in the framework of  GENCI  and  PRACE  projects.
The coded protein is involved in immune regulation  42. They demonstrated hypermethylation Gene expression (messenger RNA) Epigenetics S. PLANCOULAINE in the FOXP3 promoter region, especially in case of CRP elevation, which is a marker for inflammation. They demonstrated hypermethylation of the eNOS promoter region in 4-12 year-olds with OSAHS associated with delayed post-occlusion response  43  , inducing significant reduction in mRNA expression as compared to children without response delay, proportionally to post-occlusion response time. inflammation, respiratory control and pleiotropic effects. Networking was weighted by the number of genes and proteins included and their inter-relations. Data from public data-bases on protein-protein interactions and adipose tissue sequencing were then included, along with gene expression data (relative mRNA quantification) from a case-control study of postoperative subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue from adult patients with or without OSAHS.
)? Which populations should be studied? Specific sub-populations: children, at-risk ethnic groups? What sample size? Sample size is very important if "omic" methods are used, GENETICS OF SLEEP DISORDERED BREATHING (SYNDROMES EXCLUDED) so as to ensure sufficient detection power despite multiple testing. But how is it to be achieved? Should cohorts be shared in a consortium? If so, how to deal with heterogeneity of populations (gender, age, ethnicity) and of definitions of phenotypes of interest: identical diagnostic criteria across cohorts? Should the same complementary data be collected, using identical definitions and coding: BMI, craniofacial data, etc. ? Are the genetic, epigenetic and protein typing methods identical or at least partially superimposable? There are indeed many chips on the market, and they are developing rapidly.
Characterization Microstructure of compacted and sintered ZnO bodies was investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and by high resolution scanning electron microscopy (HRSEM). TEM was performed with a JEM-3010 (JEOL, Akishima, Japan) operated at 300 kV. HRSEM was performed with a field emission microscope Auriga60 (Carl Zeiss AG, Oberkochen, Germany). The grain size measurement was carried out on polished samples using the line interception method with the software 'Lince' (v. 2. 31, Ceramics Group, TU Darmstadt) using a factor of 1. 56, evaluating at least 300 grains  [20]. Phases for the powder and compacted specimens were characterized by means of x-ray diffraction (XRD). XRD measurement was carried out using a D8-Discover (Bruker AXS, Billerica, USA) with Cu-K α radiation at λ = 1.
Acknowledgments This work was partially supported by the  'Deutsche For-(Emmy Noether  Program  GU993-1 ). The authors thank  Martin Seyring  for nano-beam diffraction analysis and  Susanne Sandkuhl  for sample polishing. We gratefully acknowledge the partial financial support of the  Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) , grant reference  INST   275/241-1 FUGG , and the  Thüringer Ministerium für Bildung, Wissenschaft und Kultur (TMBWK) , grant reference  62-4264 925/1/10/1/01.
At baseline, cognitive tests were performed on all participants older than 60 years, and in a random sample of approximately 20% of adults aged 45 to 59 years (n 5 12,594). At reexamination, cognition was assessed in all returning participants (n 5 17,543). The eligible sample for this study consisted of all participants with cognitive data at reexamination; for 54% (n 5 9,436) of them, it was their first assessment of cognitive function. Standard protocol approvals, registrations, and patient consents. The study was approved by ethics committees at University College London and University College Hospital and local ethics committees in each participating center. All participants gave written informed consent.
Alcohol consumption (assessed 2002-2005 and 2006-2008). Self-reported alcohol intake in the past year was measured using the graduated frequency questionnaire (GFQ). 16 The baseline questionnaire contained 9 mutually exclusive categories of frequency (ranging from "never" to "almost every day") and 6 mutually exclusive categories of amounts, expressed in local units of beer, wine, and spirits ($10, 7-9, 5-6, 3-4, 1-2, and 0. 5 drink; 1 drink equals 0. 5 L of beer, 0. 2 L of wine, and 0. 05 L of spirits or 20 g of ethanol). Because only 3 categories of amounts ($5, 3-4, 2-0. 5 drinks) were used at reexamination, the data were harmonized across the waves. Several alcohol indices were derived from harmonized GFQ data for both data waves. First, drinking frequency in the past year was categorized as follows: never, ,1 monthly, 1-3 times monthly, 1-4 times weekly, and 51 times weekly.
To formally test for heterogeneity, alcohol-sex interactions were included in regression models. Heterogeneity of associations between study centers was examined by including interactions between alcohol measures and center, and by conducting analyses stratified by center. For alcohol indices, the lowest level of drinking was used as the reference group. In additional analyses, models for binge drinking were further adjusted for, or stratified by, alcohol volume. Sensitivity analyses were conducted to account for missing covariate data and attrition. Analyses were conducted in Stata 13. 18  RESULTS Complete data on all cognitive tests were available for 17,022 participants in 2006-2008, 14,575 of whom also had data on alcohol and all covariates and were included in the analytic sample. Table  1  shows baseline and follow-up characteristics of included participants (descriptive statistics by alcohol use categories are shown in table e-1 on the Neurology ® Web site at Neurology.
In cross-sectional analyses, moderate drinking frequency and intake were associated with better scores, compared with lower levels of drinking. In prospective analyses, only women drinking a few times a month showed better performance on the verbal cognitive tests than those who drank less frequently than that, whereas average intake was not associated with better cognition. Binge drinking was not significantly associated with cognitive performance in either sex in prospective analyses; cross-sectional associations were also few and inconsistent. CAGE was also not related to cognitive performance, although in women, the number of problem drinkers was relatively small. Results for drinking pattern, measured by combining data on frequency and quantity per occasion, did not yield any additional insights and are reported in the online supplement separately for men (table e-4) and women (table e-5).
Attrition was higher in participants with lower cognitive scores, nondrinkers, and frequent drinkers at baseline, and could possibly bias the results of our study. However, sensitivity analysis accounting for missing cognition data by inverse probability weighting yielded similar results (table e-6). Second, self-reported alcohol measures typically underestimate actual consumption. 19 In this study, systematic underreporting among men seems unlikely but, because of sex differences in social acceptability of drinking, underreporting may be greater in women. 20 Among available alcohol measures, the GFQ appeared to be least prone to underreporting. In addition, correlations between different alcohol measures were generally high, and serum GGT (g-glutamyltransferase) values showed expected associations with alcohol, although the correlations were weaker in women.
A search is performed for top-quark pairs (t t) produced together with a photon (γ) with transverse energy greater than 20 GeV using a sample of t t candidate events in final states with jets, missing transverse momentum, and one isolated electron or muon. The dataset used corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 4. 59 fb -1 of proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 7 TeV recorded by the ATLAS detector at the CERN Large Hadron Collider. In total 140 and 222 t tγ candidate events are observed in the electron and muon channels, to be compared to the expectation of 79 ± 26 and 120 ± 39 non-t tγ background events respectively. The production of t tγ events is observed with a significance of 5. 3 standard deviations away from the null hypothesis. The t tγ production cross section times the branching ratio (BR) of the single-lepton decay channel is measured in a fiducial kinematic region within the ATLAS acceptance.
The tracks from photon conversions are excluded. Prompt-photon and background track-isolation templates are obtained from data as described in Sec. VI B and VI C. The total number of events with prompt photon-like objects (for simplicity referred to as 'prompt photons' unless noted otherwise) is extracted using a template-based profile likelihood fit. The expected number of non-t tγ events with prompt photons, as summarized in Table  I , is subtracted to calculate the fiducial cross section σ fid t tγ. These steps are incorporated in a likelihood fit.
X. SUMMARY The production of t tγ final states with a photon with transverse energy greater than 20 GeV is observed with a significance of 5. 3σ in proton-proton collisions at √ s = 7 TeV using the ATLAS detector at the CERN LHC. The dataset used corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 4. 59 fb -1. The t tγ cross section per lepton flavor, determined in a fiducial kinematic region within the ATLAS acceptance defined in Sec. V, is measured to be σ fid t tγ × BR = 63 ± 8(stat. ) +17 -13 (syst. ) ± 1 (lumi. ) fb in good agreement with the theoretical prediction.
Epidemiological data In Mayotte, the malaria case report involves compulsory but passive notifications of cases to the Regional Health Agency (ARS) delegation located on the island. For each case, health practitioners must complete a clinical notification form with case details. The date and the patient's age, sex, address, presentation of symptoms, biology, treatment and recent history of travel were collected by verbal questioning during consultation and/or hospitalization. Then, related information was collected during the case investigation. RDTs are not used in the field for either symptomatic or asymptomatic people. Only symptomatic people are asked to seek medical advice, including RDT at the nearest public dispensary. After anonymization and validation, data are transmitted to the National Institute for Public Health Surveillance (InVS) for analysis.
Therefore, a more rational, regular and efficient chemoresistance surveillance system is urgently needed and should be implemented simultaneously but separately for each island as continual human migrations across the archipelago seem inevitable  [17, 32]. Resistance to ACT is also of concern in the Indian Ocean area, and new studies should be conducted to update data and guide first-line treatment policy as ACT has only been used for a few years. Moreover, a geographic information system-based elimination database should be considered to provide data on vector settings and control interventions as is currently done for human cases  [24]. To monitor the effectiveness of the malaria interventions, the surveillance system has to be improved. The notion of "introduced cases" and indigenous cases must be added to the currently used definitions of autochthonous cases and imported cases.
Genome sequencing of the E. aerogenes isolates and detection of variations Total DNA was isolated from overnight cultures of the twelve E. aerogenes isolates, including G7, as described above. Genomes were sequenced by using an Illumina HiSeq 2000 sequencer (100 bp paired end) and HiSeq reads were mapped to the G7 assembled genome by GATC using BWA  [34]  with the default parameters. SNPs and InDels were called using GATK's Uni-fiedGenotyper. All SNPs and InDels were individually checked in silico using the Tablet software  [35] , to eliminate GATK's false positives. SNPs and InDels that lead to modifications of predicted coding sequences and that were specifically present in resistant isolates were confirmed by PCR and sequencing (Eurofins, MWG, Ebersberg, Germany). HiSeq reads that could not be mapped to the PacBio assembled genome of G7 were considered as regions of divergence.
Genome assembly from the HiSeq data was first performed by using Velvet 1. 2. 10  [36]  and resulted in several contigs for each isolate. The contigs of the twelve genomes were then aligned relative to the assembled genome of G7 and compared with progressiveMauve  [37]. Specific sequences from each strain were isolated and analyzed by blastn  [38]. Phage-related sequences were searched by using PHAST (http://phast. wishartlab. com) [39]. Insertion sequences (IS) were characterized by using the ISFinder database (http://www-is. biotoul. fr) [40]. Putative integrative conjugative elements (ICEs) and integrative mobilizable element (IMEs) were found by performing iterative similarity searches followed by protein clustering. With this approach, ICEs would correspond to recombinase/integrase-bounded regions containing type IV secretion system (T4SS) proteins and MobA-type relaxase(s), while IMEs would comprise relaxase(s) with no neighbor T4SS.
Membrane permeability and efflux activity in the E. aerogenes isolates Outer membrane porins represent the unique specific route of the uptake of β-lactam antibiotics  [16]. Therefore, porin expression levels in the isolates were analyzed by western-blot using antibodies directed against denatured E. coli OmpF and OmpC (data not shown). Reference strains ATCC13048 and ATCC15038 were included as controls, as the former expresses only Omp36 (OmpC) and the latter expresses both Omp36 and Omp35 (OmpF). One cross-reacting band was detected in carbapenem-susceptible strains only. This band was identified as Omp36 by mass spectrometry (S1 Fig and  S2 Table). To examine outer membrane permeability, intact bacterial cells were incubated with H33342. Once H33342 crosses the outer membrane, it diffuses through the inner membrane very rapidly and binds to nucleic acids in the cytoplasm, producing a fluorescent signal.
pneumoniae  [42]  (Fig  4  and S1 Dataset). These two plasmids were present in all the sequenced strains and contained multiple antibiotic resistance markers, including bla TEM-24 on pGPN1 (see S3 Dataset for a complete list). Isolates P2 to P5 have a third plasmid of 34,826 bp similar to pN-Cit found in Citrobacter freundii strain CFSTE  [43]. The functional annotation of the  chromosome indicates a total of 5,267 predicted coding sequences (CDSs) (Table  3 ). The G+C content of the EAG7 chromosome is 54. 92%, which is in agreement with values previously reported for KCTC2190 (54. 8%)  [29]  and EA1509E (55%)  [44]. There were 8 ribosomal operons and 88 transfer RNAs (tRNAs) identified in EAG7, with 87 specific for the biosynthesis of all the 20 standard amino acids and 1 for the selenomethionine biosynthesis, which was identical to those of EA1509E but different from KCTC2190 that carries a total of 109 structural RNAs (Table  3  and S1 Dataset).
Comparative genomics between the clinical isolates and identification of mutations associated to MDR Comparative genome sequencing of all twelve isolates pointed to several mutations (see S2 Dataset for a complete list of SNPs and InDels). Total, we found 70-72 and 9-11 mutations in the genome of isolates P2-P5 and G2-G6, as compared to that of G7, respectively. These values confirm that the isolates are closely related. Interestingly, only a few numbers of non-synonymous mutations were specifically present in the core genome of MDR isolates. The QRDRs in all twelve isolates, including gyrA, gyrB, parC and parE genes, contained several amino acid substitutions (Ser67Ala and Thr83Ile in GyrA and Ser80Ile in ParC for isolates P2-P5 and G1; Thr83Ile and Asp87Asn in GyrA and Ser80Ile in ParC for isolates G2-G7), when sequences were compared to that of KCTC2190.
aerogenes representatives involved in large hospital outbreaks in France. The genome of EAG7 is composed of one chromosome and two plasmids of different sizes. It contains multiple resistance markers, including β-lactamases and efflux pumps, which can contribute to the successful adaptation of this strain to the hospital environment. WGS of the twelve isolates followed by comparative genomics using EAG7 as a reference allowed us to determine the genome evolution of the strains in the patient host and identify putative mutations responsible for MDR (S2 and S3 Datasets). For patient P, isolate P1, which was found closely related to KCTC2190, disappeared rapidly after the first use of imipenem. Analysis of SNPs in the P2-P5 isolates rather suggests the co-existence of an imipenem-susceptible ancestor resembling P3.
e. TEM-24 but not AmpC is inhibited by clavulanic acid) (S1 Table ). Here, it is also worth to note that the bla TEM-24 gene located on pGPN1 is flanked sequences of ISSwi1, thus could be subject to duplication by recombination between regions of homology (S1 Dataset). Gene duplications are relevant to the evolution of resistance in that these events are frequent and instable. High resistance levels to quinolones are generally due to increased efflux activity and/or target mutations. Here, active efflux has been detected in all the isolates using fluorimetric assays (Figs  2  and 3 ). However, the use efflux inhibitors such as PAβN or NMP did not restore susceptibility to quinolones but only that of erythromycin (S1 Table ). This strongly suggests the presence of mutations in QRDRs of DNA gyrase and/or topoisomerase IV subunits.
Although all the isolates produce β-lactamases, resistance to carbapenems is exclusively related to the loss of Omp36. Consistently, susceptibility to β-lactams can only be restored by the addition of PMBN, a derivative of polymyxin B that increases outer membrane permeability and facilitates antibiotic permeation (S1 Table ). The absence or the decreased expression of the two major porins (OmpF and OmpC in E. coli, Omp35 and Omp36 in E. aerogenes or OmpK35 and OmpK36 in K. pneumoniae) in combination with the presence of β-lactamases has been previously implicated in carbapenem-resistance  [4, 6-10, 23, 51]. Here, we found that none of the clinical isolates expressed Omp35 while Omp36 was only expressed in the carbapenem-susceptible strains. WGS data were used to investigate the basis of porin loss.
In all cases, the loss of Omp36 resulted from frameshift mutations in the coding sequence leading to a premature translational stop. In contrast, the loss of Omp35 is less clear, with the exception of isolate G2 in which omp35 is inactivated by a frameshift mutation (S2 and S3 Datasets). We suspect molecular mechanisms working at the transcriptional or post-transcriptional level or preventing porin insertion into the outer membrane. Part of this question will be addressed by transcriptomic analysis. Special attention will also be given to missense mutations that were identified in three different sensor kinase two-component regulatory systems-cpxA in isolates P4-P5, and phoQ and pmrB in isolate G5. Such mutations are not uncommon in bacteria and have been linked to antimicrobial resistance  [52] [53] [54] [55] [56] [57] [58].
S2 Fig, S1 and S2 Datasets). Multiple genome alignments obtained by progressiveMauve were used to compare the overall genome architecture of EAG7 to that of other strains-including the genomes of the other isolates and the previously published genomes of strains KCTC2190 and EA1509E [29, 44]. Some of these alignments are shown supplementary information (S3 Fig). Overall, the E. aerogenes isolates appeared to be characterized by a low degree of divergence and the genetic synteny among the chromosomes was conserved. The alignment of EAG7 to EA1509E shows the existence of fourteen locally collinear blocks (LCBs) of witch twelve correspond to the chromosome and to the large plasmid pGPN1 (Figure A in S3 Fig). This analysis also indicates that the isolates can be separated into distinct populations.
to G7 than the other G isolates (Figure B in S3 Fig). These modifications include the absence of three regions of 42-48 Kbp associated with phage functions and nearly 103 Kbp of additional sequences (S2 Fig, S1 and S2 Datasets). Strains P2 to P5 also present genome rearrangements and modifications compared to G7 (Figure E in S3 Fig). Among these, one prophage region of 48 Kbp was absent, around 98 Kbp of supplementary sequences, corresponding to the Imp locus (involved in type VI secretion) and phage functions, and a supplementary plasmid of about 35 Kbp, similar to pN-Cit from C. freundii strain CFSTE (S2 Dataset) were found. Pro-gressiveMauve plots also show that isolate P1 is clearly distant from all the other isolates but shares a good synteny with the reference strain KCTC2190 (Figure A in S3 Fig).
The research leading to these results was conducted as part of the  TRANSLOCATION consortium  and has received support from the  Innovative Medicines Initiatives Joint Undertaking  under Grant Agreement n°115525, resources which are composed of financial contribution from the  European Union 's  seventh framework program  ( FP7/ 2007-2013 ) and EFPIA companies in kind contribution. This work was also supported by  Aix-Marseille Université and Service de Santé des Armées. The authorhs assert that the funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. The research leading to these results was conducted as part of the  TRANSLOCATION consortium  and has received support from the  Innovative Medicines Initiatives Joint Undertaking  under Grant Agreement n°115525, resources which are composed of financial contribution from the  European Union 's  seventh framework program  ( FP7/2007-2013 ) and EFPIA companies in kind contribution.
The genome of EAG7 has been deposited in GenBank under National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) accession numbers CP011539 (chromosome) and CP011540 (plasmid pGPN1). Metadata for comparative genomics were deposited in the NCBI Sequence Read Archive under the accession SRP056584 (http://www. ncbi. nlm. nih. gov/Traces/sra/ sra. cgi?view = announcement).
Dosimetric Studies Radiation dosimetry of rubidium-82 has been recently estimated in 10 healthy volunteers using the OLINDA/EXM 1. 0 dosimetry software  (26). Using different methodological approach, the estimates were discrepant with the results previously reported. The highest absorbed dose was delivered to the kidneys but remaining at a quite acceptable level of 1. 3 cGy for 2220 MBq (60 mCi) of injected activity. The effective dose calculated for a rest/stress test with an injected activity of 2 MBq × 1480 MBq (2 mCi × 40 mCi) was 3. 7 mSv that is roughly equivalent to the annual natural exposure. In 2015, Dorbala et al. reported on the way to reduce radiation dose with myocardial SPECT and PET imaging  (6). Considering the use of last generation of 3D PET scanners and software allowing to inject half activity of rubidium-82 (2 MBq × 740 MBq or 2 mCi × 20 mCi) for a preserved image quality, the calculated effective dose was 1.