dataesr/scientific-paragraphs-categorization huggingface dataset:
As such, the sampling, usually with a 95% confidence level and an error margin of less than 10%, of a total of 1288 households was considered to be representative and to have statistical significance that facilitates the analysis and enables valid statistical inference  (Nyariki, 2009). Data collection was conducted during September-October 2013 and was structured and managed in a way that ensured high data quality. The sampling was confined to the prominent production systems (agro-ecological zones) within each county; therefore, each county's sample size was randomly distributed to different areas based on the population density of each production system. Sampling was performed by GIS mappers entering all the identified households into the global positioning system. Prior to the data collection, the team, composed of University of Nairobi, Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization staffs and GIS mappers, visited the ten counties to triangulate the sample selected in consultation with the extension staff at the county level.
The identified households were supplied with coupons by the GIS mappers. These coupons were supposed to be submitted back to the data clerk after a face-to-face interview. Enumerators and data entry clerks were recruited and trained on the survey instrument and a pre-test was carried out before the actual data collection. The complexity of the survey did not allow it to be repeated to obtain a panel to analyse  (Otsuka & Goto, 2015).
However, the main objective of fitting the frontier models is to estimate the inefficiency terms u i in the stochastic model from the observation. Unfortunately, it is not possible to estimate u i directly from any observed sample information. Once estimates of TE i have been obtained, the indirect estimator of inefficiency can be calculated using TI i = 1exp (-TE i ). This consists of the inefficiency parameters that enter into the inefficiency effect model as dependent variables. The estimation of the parameters of CD and translog stochastic frontier production functions and the associated inefficiency effect models was carried out using the LIMDEP, Version 11 econometric software.
| Stochastic production frontier estimates To determine the production functional form and the associated distribution that would best fit our farm-level database, we computed the Akaike information criterion (AIC) and TE for pooled data. The AIC was used because it favours the model's goodness of fit but penalizes the number of parameters in the model; thus, it can be used to compare models with different numbers of parameters. The best model is the one with the lowest AIC. The results in Table  1  indicate a predominantly high correlation for both the Cobb-Douglas (CD) and the translog (TL) model across various distributions, which implies that the two functional forms and the distributions fit the data well, although more flexible TL functional forms result in higher overall efficiency levels.
Se trata de una arista de la centralidad en la posición de cada sujeto en la estructura, que mide la cantidad de veces que un nodo se encuentra en los caminos geodésicos (las rutas más cortas) entre otros dos. La medición da cuenta de la ubicación estratégica de un actor en los caminos de comunicación más eficientes entre el resto de nodos de la red. Hemos obtenido las métricas y los grafos asociados a la red por medio del software UCINET (versión 6. 1. 1). Los resultados en la medición de los indicadores de intermediación por nodo, han permitido verificar que los actores reconocidos como medianos propietarios concentraron los mayores índices. Expresaron una capacidad de situarse en posiciones estratégicas para comunicar entre sí a quienes participaron en la estructura. Su acción articuladora favoreció la integración de partes de la red de ventas y, en ocasiones, del conjunto.
AGRADECIMIENTOS Este trabajo fue financiado por el Programa Nacional de Innovación Agraria (PNIA), a través del proyecto "Estudio de los principales controladores biológicos para control de Carmenta foraseminis (Eichlin 1995) y Carmenta theobromae (Busk 1910) (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae) en el cultivo de cacao, en la región San Martín", conducido por la Universidad Nacional de San Martín-Tarapoto (UNSM-T) en cooperación con el Programa de Investigación en Biodiversidad Amazónica del Instituto de.
Mid-level trajectory representation for recognition The set of computed motion trajectories constitutes a set of kinematics primitives to represent the particular performance of objects of interest. Each of the trajectories was codified with a set of kinematic measures as words of representation into Bag-of-kinematic words (BoKW). This mid-level representation is widely used in different areas of interest such as natural language processing, long trajectories and then a set of kinematic words are computed for the whole video. Thereafter, each kinematic word is projected to the trained dictionary to compute the most similar centroid. From such comparison is built an occurrence histogram that represents the descriptor of each video. Finally, the occurrence histograms are computed for all the dataset, i.
Data In literature it has been reported RGB-D datasets for different purposes  [30, 31, 32]. Nevertheless, such datasets are namely captured for static recognition tasks and only independent images are captured to describe the object observations. Also, some proposed datasets are captured to describe postural gestures but with strong limitations along time. In such cases, few disperse frames are taken from videos to represent main poses of a particular action. Also some datasets are restricted to two continuous frames to test scene flow algorithms. A novel motion RGB-D dataset is herein reported that result useful to evaluate strategies that compute kinematic information along sequences. From this dataset is possible to capture smooth trajectories along time and also to compute scene flows, allowing to measure the coherence along the video sequence.
The proposed dataset was captured from one kinect V1 camera and the raw sequence of frames was recovered with the open frameworks OpenNI (https://structure. io/openni) and libfreenect (https://github. com/OpenKinect/libfreenect). Each video sequence was captured in a spatial resolution of 640x480 with a temporal resolution of 30 fps in Fig. 4. Dataset to evaluate the proposed approach. This dataset is available at: (to be announced) repository (to be announced). In the first row it is shown the first frame of each one of the actions in the intensity channel, and their corresponding depth maps in the second row. A total of five different gestures were computed into a semi-controlled scenario. The 3D motions as representative keys of the recorded gestures. Please visit the site: (to be announced) to observe the image in color.
Source: The authors. both channels RGB and depth. The proposed dataset was captured in a controlled scenario, with uniform background and relative small camera jitters. A total of five persons were recorded where each one develops five different actions with one or both hands. The selected actions involve several gestures with different motion representative signatures and with displacements in the depth axis. Each selected gesture was recorded five times to obtain a range of statistical variation of each motion. A total of 125 videos were recorded. In Fig. 4  is illustrated the different gestures captured in the proposed dataset. The dataset is available at: (to be announced) repository (to be announced).
Then, a bag of kinematic words was codified to represent each of the gestures described in the evaluated dataset. A k-fold cross validation was performed to obtain a statistical significance of the results, by fixing k = 25. For the whole considered experiments each of the computed trajectories was characterized with a total of 8 scalar kinematics. Also the BoKW was trained with a dictionary of a total of 250 centroids. Hence, the final gesture descriptor recover very compact histograms 250 occurrence bins w. r. t the learned kinematic dictionary. In a first experiment it was evaluated the capability of representation of the proposed strategy for the three most different gestures, namely: "RING", "TRIANGLE" and "FLEXION". In Table  1  is reported the obtained results for each of the subject included in the experiments.
In a third experiment, as reported in Table  3 , was evaluated the entire dataset by including all of the gestures. In such case, the average accuracy of the proposed approach is 77% which is favorable in terms of the capability of the approach to represent gestures. It can be observed that the subject P3 has a lower score because the actor develops the action at a different velocity w. r. t to the others, which combined with some artifacts in scene, results in few trajectories of representation. Source: The authors. In Table  4  is reported an additional experiment with all gestures but using a different combination of subjects, where all the possible combinations ( )of 3 persons were used to carried out the analysis. From this experiment it can be confirmed that subject P3 reports some variations w.
These approaches are however dependent on image properties, and require a proper definition of the object of interest. In contrast, the proposed approach holds a relative independence of appearance, and gesture description is only based on motion information. Over a dataset with more than 100 video sequences the proposed approach achieves accuracy scores in average of 80%. These gestures were performed by different actors, which result fundamental to evaluate color dependency of descriptor. Other approaches, like proposed in  [4]  used temporal information to code gesture descriptors in RGB-D scenarios. Such approaches are sensible to occlusions and the well definition of shape. In such sense the mid-level representation of our approach allows to recover and characterize incomplete gestures.
CONCLUSIONS This work presented a novel strategy to compute long motion primitives in RGB-D space. The primitives are represented as (3D+t) trajectories that are a set of points tracked along the sequence, according to specific scene flow information. These motion trajectories were characterized with differential kinematics and included in a bag-ofwords representation. A new dataset was also herein computed to evaluate motion information from particular objects of interest in RGB-D sequences. In the task of classification, the motion trajectories proved to be robust to represent different RGB-D gestures, from very compact descriptors. For a set of five different gestures, developed by 4 different actors, the proposed strategy achieved an 80% of average accuracy, by only using histograms of 8 bins.
Análisis de datos Para el análisis de los datos se empleó el programa estadístico SPSS versión 22. 0 (SPSS Inc. , Chicago, IL) para Windows. En primer lugar, aplicando la prueba de Kolmogorov-Smirnov, se comprobó el supuesto de normalidad de la variable nivel de coordinación motriz del alumnado, cuyos valores de asimetría y curtosis fueron -,68 y 1,17, respectivamente. Del mismo modo, se aplicó el test de Levene para comprobar la distribución homogénea de la varianza de acuerdo a las variables el "Sexo del alumno/a", "Actividad física de los padres", la "Actividad física extraescolar del alumno/a", y el "Existencia de hermanos/as mayores o de igual edad del alumno/a". Los resultados de estas dos primeras pruebas confirmaron la distribución normal y homogénea de las variables de estudio (p > ,05).
La idea de este número especial surgió durante el proyecto INNOX sobre la modelización y simulación en la governancia, financiado por la Agence Nationale de la Recherche de Francia, con el número de subvención ANR-13-SOIN-005. Agradezco a todos los miembros del proyecto, especialmente Stefan Aykut y Bilel Benbouzid, así como a los numerosos participantes en los diversos eventos organizados como parte del mismo. Muchas gracias también a los editores de la Revue d'Anthropologie des Connaissances por el apoyo prestado a su publicación, y en particular a Elise Demeulenaere y Dominique Vinck. BIBLIOGRAFÍA Aykut, S. C. (2019). Reassembling Energy Policy: Models, Forecasts, and Policy Change in Germany and France. Science & Technology Studies, Forthcoming. Andrews, L. , Benbouzid, B. , Brice, J. , Bygrave, L.
f. ), en holandés: Dutch Song Database (Nederlandse Liederenbank, s. f. ), para el occitano: The last song of the Troubadours (The Last Song of the Troubadours, s. f. ), en escáldico: The Skaldic Project (Wills, s. f. ), para el alemán: Lyrik des Minnesänger (Braun, Glauch y Kragl, s. f. ), y para el inglés: Digital Edition of the index of Middle English Verse (Digital Index of Middle English Verse, s. f. ), Eighteenth-Century Poetry Archive (ECPA) (Huber, s. f. ), Cantum pulcriorem invenire: Thirteenth-Century Music and Poetry (University of Southampton, s. f. ), entre otros. En esta experiencia que vamos a presentar nos centraremos sobre todo en la aplicación digital del procesamiento del lenguaje natural (PLN) a la métrica. El PLN ofrece grandes posibilidades para el análisis métrico, ya que permite el análisis y extracción automática de grandes cantidades de información de un corpus de textos a través de reglas definidas según criterios lingüísticos.
Abstract The objective of this article is to identify the impacts of the squatting movement on public policies in  Spain (1984 Spain ( -2018)). Through the hermeneutics of social processes, three cases are compared  (Madrid, Barcelona, and Bilbao). Quantitative and qualitative data of the following variables are analyzed: 1) history, types, number and visibility of squatting 2) changes in local governments and 3) institutionalization. This is an original study: the impacts of social movements do not usually appear in the academic production of public policies and experts in social movements have rarely been interested in specific effects of collective action on these policies. The result of the research is that the squat movement affects decision-makers, through innovations and creativity, which materialize in new housing, and cultural, social or youth policies.
T his article provides new data on the female labour activity rate, obtained by analysing the determinants of female participation in rural and urban labour markets in Galicia in 1924. We selected five municipalities (two cities and three towns) to represent different economic models. The two larger hubs are A Coruña, a city with industry, services and a commercial port; and Ourense, a provincial capital in the interior of the region. The smaller, more rural municipalities analysed are Bueu, a good example of the region's industrialization model focused on fishing, fish processing; Padrón, which combines agriculture, textiles, and tanning sectors; and Nigrán, which is eminently agrarian. By combining demographic data  (Nominative Population Census of 1924)  with other sources, this article corrects the female activity rate in agriculture and the fishprocessing industry.
AGRADECIMIENTOS Esta investigación ha sido financiada por el proyecto «La estructura de la ocupación y el ingreso en el largo plazo. Redefiniendo la modernización económica y los niveles de vida en Galicia, 1750-1975» (HAR2017-85601-C2-2-P). IP: Luisa Muñoz Abeledo. Agradecemos a los editores y evaluadores anónimos a quienes Historia Agraria encomendó la revisión de este artículo sus comentarios que, sin duda, han contribuido a mejorar la primera versión de este artículo. A María José Ginzo, del Departamento de Estadística e Investigación Operativa de la Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, su colaboración en el tratamiento estadístico de los datos de actividad. ANSOLA, A. (1996). Cambio económico y modo de vida en las comunidades cántabras (siglos XIX y XX). Tesis doctoral. Santander: Universidad de Cantabria.
AGRADECIMIENTOS Este trabajo presenta los primeros resultados de un proyecto inicialmente desarrollado en la primavera de 2017, durante una estancia en el Max-Planck-Institut für Wissenschaftsgeschichte en Berlín que fue generosamente financiada por el Abteilung II. Estoy en gran deuda, además, con los dos evaluadores anónimos por sus pertinentes sugerencias, además de con Sergio Vaquero y Miquel de la Rosa por sus cuidadosas correcciones lingüísticas y estilísticas, que fueron muchas y muy acertadas.
The evolutionary history was inferred using the Neighbor-Joining method  (Saitou and Nei 1987)  with the Maximum Composite Likelihood method in MEGA6  (Tamura et al. 2004 (Tamura et al. , 2013)). 'Ca. Liberibacter' species sequences were verified by BLAST analyses and sequence identity. For both pathogens the sequences of representative strains were deposited in GenBank.
Four of these samples were negative to the presence of HLB (Table  2 ). Only one sample from an orange tree collected in Cuba resulted positive to phytoplasma presence in both liquid media and colonies (sample OC2, Table  1 ). The same sample was positive in plant leaf detection for 16SrXII and 16SrIV phytoplasmas, the same detected in the culture; in the detection from aliquots of liquid medium this sample resulted also positive for phytoplasmas of 16SrX group (data not shown). In the Guadeloupe surveyed locations beside D. citri, specimens of the following insects were collected: Helochara spp. , Lepidosaphes spp. , Fiorinia proboscidaria, Coccus viridis, Icerya seychelles, Empoasca vitis, Zelus lungipe, Coccus viridis, Cicadidae, Muschidae, and Psyllidae. Only one specimen of D. citri collected in Vieux Habitants locality resulted positive for the 'Ca.
L. asiaticus' presence, and the sequence was deposited in GenBank under the accession number MW065488; moreover the only unclassified Cicadidae collected from Capesterre Belle Eau resulted positive to 16SrXI phytoplasmas (data not shown). Thirty-seven citrus samples all collected from diverse localities in Guadeloupe and belonging to polyploid varieties grafted on diploid and tetraploid rootstocks tested negative to the presence of both pathogens (Table  2 ). The asymptomatic samples resulted negative in all the PCR assays carried out (data now shown). Phytoplasmas enclosed in groups 16SrI and 16SrXII were identified in the surveys carried out in all the three islands suggesting a possible primary dissemination with the propagation materials. The 16SrII, 16SrIV, 16SrVII, 16SrX and 16SrXI phytoplasma ribosomal groups were present in citrus in both Guadeloupe and Cuba samplings from experimental and small farms in the first case, and from larger orchards, in the second case.
7 h including all operational aspects of the set, trawl and haul. The spatial coverage was between 33-42°S and 71-74°W (Fig. 1 ). Finally, the industrial demersal trawl fishery for nylon shrimp Heterocarpus reedi  (Bahamonde, 1955)  was monitored over 28 months  (2011, 2012, and 2013)  except for fishery closures in July, August and December (all years combined). Observation effort was 4,160 h and covered between 28-36°S and 71-73°W (Fig. 1 ) during the set, trawl and haul. Additionally, all records of waved albatross sightings from tourism operations, electronic publications and records on digital databases (<www. avesdechile. cl> and <www. ebird. org>, respectively) were reviewed and compiled. For this, the following keywords were included: 'Phoebastria irrorata', 'waved albatross', 'albatros de Galápagos', and 'Chile'.
ANALYSIS The following information for all data sources were extracted: (1) date; (2) distance (km) from the Chilean continental coast and the main breeding site (Isla Española, Galápagos Islands); (3) overlap and potential interaction with fishing activities (e. g. , feeding on discards/offal, incidental mortality events); and (4) the Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) as a proxy for ENSO events  (Jenouvrier et al. 2005). Monthly standardised SOI values were obtained from the National Climatic Data Center of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA, <https:// www. ncdc. noaa. gov>) as a measure of the state of the Southern Oscillation, based on sea-level pressure differences in the western and eastern Pacific. Thus, it was possible to characterise abnormal increases in the ocean temperature which are represented by a permanent negative SOI score and that indicate an El Niño year (<http://www.
DISCUSSION Most records of waved albatross in Chilean waters were obtained off central Chile, a region related to the Humboldt Current System where the combined sources of observations between tourism operations and fisheries represented 61. 5% of the identified sightings. Data indicate that the maximum distance recorded was over 4,000 km south from the Galápagos. This represents 3. 39 times the maximum distance described for tracked breeding adults for this species during feeding trips in the chick-rearing period  (Fernández et al. 2001)  off the Peruvian coast. The longitudinal distribution of tracked birds included shallow coastal areas of the continental shelf close to the Galápagos during feeding trips  (Awkerman et al. 2005) , but also remote areas in oceanic islands (Fig. 1 ) off the Southeast Pacific during the breeding period as recorded in this study.
2012 ) into the ecology and conservation of pelagic species. Thus, participatory online databases such as eBird constitute an important reinforcement of individual efforts during the collection of information by citizens (Sullivan et al. 2014), supported by experienced observers/citizen scientists from tourism trips. Definitely, this will increase the value of collective information gathered by tourism operations, especially in regions where researchers are scarce  (Sekercioglu 2002) , as is the case of the extended coastal and oceanic Chilean waters. Nevertheless, the use of bait to attract seabirds during these recreational trips must also be assessed because an ethical responsibility during pelagic birdwatching trips is also needed. The role of fisheries' observers and tourism activities could therefore be important for the improvement of systematic data collection as highlighted by  Jiménez-Uzcátegui et al.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Our gratitude goes to  Barbara Knapton ,  Ronny Peredo ,  Gail Mackiernan ,  Armas Hill  and all tourism operators in Chilean waters for openly sharing their records on waved albatrosses from northern and central Chile. To  Franco Romo  ( Pelagic Adventure ) for sharing his knowledge of pelagic birdwatching effort in the Humboldt Current. We thank fishing crews and observers for their support during at-sea work, especially  Jorge Ruiz ,  Olliver Riegel  ( Isla Picton ) and  Rodrigo Galleguillos  (IFOP). Many thanks to  Steve Copsey ,  Stephen Chapman ,  Joanna Alfaro-Shigueto ,  Travis Rosenberry ,  Alejandro Simeone ,  Servicio Nacional de Turismo (SERNATUR-Chile ) and  The National Library of Australia  for providing key information and literature. Finally, we thank  Graham Robertson ,  John Cooper ,  John P.
Agradecimientos Entre los socios financieros que han apoyado esta investigación se encuentran la Iniciativa Internacional de Protección del Clima (IKI) del Ministerio Federal de Medio Ambiente, Protección de la Naturaleza y Seguridad Nuclear (BMU) de Alemania; la Agencia Noruega de Cooperación para el Desarrollo (NORAD); Horizon 2020, el Programa Marco de Investigación e Innovación de la Unión Europea (Proyecto SINCERE); y el Programa de Investigación del CGIAR sobre Bosques, Árboles y Agroforestería (CRP-FTA) con el apoyo financiero de los contribuyentes al Fondo Fiduciario del CGIAR.
Metodología Instrumentación Se utilizó un espectrofotómetro UV-Vis (Cary 300, de Agilent Technologies), provisto de un accesorio de reflectancia difusa (DRA-CA-30i) y un estándar calibrado de reflectancia (Spectralon). Para el tratamiento de datos, se utilizó el software WinUV Color, de Agilent Technologies, Judith Amador-Hernández, Miguel Velázquez-Manzanares, Edith Madaí Colunga-Urbina, Iliana Margarita de la Garza-Rodríguez y Diana Celene Sánchez-Hernández Artículo protegido por licencia Creative Commons: BY-NC-ND / Protected by Creative Commons: BY-NC-ND Uniciencia es una revista de acceso abierto/ Uniciencia is an Open Access Journal.