dataesr/scientific-paragraphs-categorization huggingface dataset:
Trial design and ethics Checkmate 436 (ClinicalTrials. gov identifier: #NCT02581631) is an open-label, multicenter, multicohort, phase 1/2 study of nivolumab in combination with BV in adult patients with R/R NHL. The study consists of a phase 1 dose evaluation and a phase 2 efficacy and safety evaluation in expansion cohorts with R/R NHL subtypes: PMBL, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, peripheral T-cell lymphoma, cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, and mediastinal gray zone lymphoma. Results from the R/R PMBL cohort are reported here. All patients provided written informed consent. The study protocol was approved by the ethical review committee of all participating centers and was carried out in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki.
Statistical analysis A sample size of 30 patients with R/R PMBL was chosen based on a 2-sided 80% confidence interval (CI) for an ORR of 37% to 63% by assuming an observed ORR of 30%. ORR and CR were summarized by binomial response rate using the Clopper-Pearson method. PFS was summarized using the Kaplan-Meier productlimit method. Descriptive statistics of safety are presented. All statistical analyses were performed using SAS version 9. 4.
Results Baseline demographics and disease characteristics, patient disposition, and exposure A total of 30 patients with R/R PMBL were enrolled and treated. The median patient age was 36 years (range, 19-83). Most patients had refractory disease at enrollment, and all had received prior firstline rituximab-based therapy (Table  1 ). At the final database lock (30 March 2022), all 30 patients had ended the treatment period. The most frequent reasons for treatment discontinuation were maximum clinical benefit (43. 3%, n = 13) and disease progression (26. 7%, n = 8) (supplemental Table  1 ). Twenty-four (80%) patients with R/R PMBL were continuing in the study (either for continued treatment or follow-up). Of the patients not continuing in the study, 4 (13. 3%) died, 1 (3. 3%) withdrew consent, and 1 (3.
25seline demographics and disease characteristics CHOP, rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone; R-EPOCH, rituximab, etoposide, prednisone, vincristine, cyclophosphamide, and doxorubicin. *Diseasestageatinitial diagnosis not reported for 1 patient. †DatafromDecember 2020 database lock, presented at ICML 2021. 25‡Defined as patients who relapsed after at least 1 prior line of therapy and had no response to the most recent prior therapy. §These data are from the January 2019 database lock. ‖Other anthracycline-containing therapies.
Protocol and Setup to Record Surgeries. Te patients included in the study were frst-time scoliosis patients. All patients were operated on at the same university center by the same surgeon. All legal representatives of patients consented to data recording and manipulation. Twenty-one patients (18 males and 3 females) were included in the study. Four patients had hypotony, Rett syndrome, cerebral palsy, and congenital malformation. Demographic characteristics of the population are summarized in Table  1. Te posterior aspect of the spine was exposed by a posterior approach. Each pedicle was prepared classically. Entry point preparation was performed with a 9 mm bone awl. Pedicle preparation was performed with the curved instrument that measures the conductivity. Each pedicle preparation was flmed using a 10 mm endoscope, with 0 °angulation, linked to an arthroscopic column.
We used an endoscope instead of a professional camera because it can be brought closer to the surgical site to see more details without compromising sterility conditions. Conductivity values were collected via a Bluetooth application. Recorded videos were synchronized with conductivity data via the OBS Studio application ®. Te trajectory was checked with a rounded head and soft feeler to rule out a breach. In the end, the screw was introduced in the pedicle. All patients were monitored with motor and sensory evoked potential. Te setup is detailed in Figure  2. Te instrument is graduated with two single lines corresponding to the depth of 10 and 20 mm and a double line corresponding to 30 mm. Depth measurement was essential to match each conductivity value, at a time t, with the position of the instrument's tip in the vertebra.
Tis matching was necessary for interpretation. For example, an increase in conductivity before the depth of 10 mm was not alerting since the entry point was prepared with a 10 mm bone awl, leaving a pocket flled with blood and consequently an area where the conductivity was high. Measurement of the depth was performed manually at frst using the OpenCV library in the Python programming language. Te position of the tip inside the vertebra was calculated by measuring the outer part since the instrument is graduated every 10 mm. Measurement was performed at a rate of one frame by second. On average, it takes 5 seconds to measure depth per frame. Consequently, if we consider a pedicle aiming duration of one minute, the time needed to measure depth every second adds up to 5 minutes. Since the camera was not perpendicular to the instrument, the resulting image is distorted.
Study procedures Demographic and clinical data were collected. A modified International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood Phase Three Core Questionnaire 6-7 years was administered to the caregiver,  10  assessing the prevalence and severity of respiratory symptoms and PFTs (using Osc, including the novel intrabreath modality of Osc, TBFVL and MBW) were performed in that order, at one and two years of age, during behaviourally assessed quiet sleep, according to acceptability and repeatability criteria as per American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society (ATS/ERS) guidelines unless otherwise specified.
14  Zrs was characterised by resistance (Rrs) and reactance (Xrs) at end expiration (R eE and X eE , respectively) and at end inspiration (R eI and X eI , respectively). The corresponding tidal changes in Zrs were calculated as ΔR=R eE R eI and ΔX=X eE X eI as well as their values normalised by tidal volume (V T ). The conventional total breath averages of Zrs at 16 Hz (R mean and X mean ) were also computed. TBFVL and MBW were performed with the EXHALYSER D and the accompanying SPIROWARE V. 3. 2. 1 software package supplied by ECO MEDICS AG (Duernten, Switzerland), using sulphur hexafluoride (SF 6 ) as the tracer gas. All measurements were done according to ATS/ERS guidelines, apart from TBFVL, where 100 consecutive breaths were measured, and all breaths meeting acceptability criteria of ±10% from the median V T were included in the analysis (minimum of 30 required for a successful test).
This is similar to another South African study that reported a decrease in compliance in two-year-old children, after all-cause LRTI during infancy, an effect that was independent of premorbid lung function. 6  Other studies reporting Osc data, performed at older ages, report conflicting data to our study, with no evidence of lung function sequelae at six and eight years in children with mild RSV LRTI, or at eight years in those with severe RSV-LRTI. 25 26  This difference could be due to age of the participants and the severity of the initial LRTI. We performed pulmonary function testing on approximately 1000 one and two-year-old children, with an overall good success rate for both cases and controls at one-year and two-year testing. This compares well to the success rates obtained by Zar et al.
One-year-old cases were more likely to have received supplementary oxygen postdelivery; this might suggest that they had a higher innate propensity to poor lung function or that later pulmonary deficits may be due to peri-partum insults. The strengths of the study were that three consecutive RSV seasons were included, correcting for potential variations in RSV genotype and serotype. We used strict definitions for severe LRTI, the diagnosis of RSV and for inclusion and exclusion criteria. Importantly, we used both subjective and objective measurable assessments on almost 1000 children, making this a very large pool of data. Furthermore, we used two different assessment approaches and children were tested at one and two years of age, where there is generally a paucity of data, thereby adding valuable data to the ever-growing pool.
Infiltration models. The fluids in equilibrium with the graphite-bearing metapelite were first computed by Gibbs energy minimization at the P-T conditions of interest (650 ºC, 1. 7 GPa, Supplementary Table  2 ) using MEEMUM from the PerpleX package 66 and the lagged calculation method  67. This composition (renormalized to two hydrogen moles) was then equilibrated with the model serpentinite at the same P-T conditions at steps of 0. 1 mol of fluid aliquot along 150 nodes (0-d infiltration mode), without fractionation of the fluid at each node. Additional computations fractionating the fluid at each node do not significantly modify the results. An example of the reequilibrated composition after interaction of 12 mol/kg with a fluid equilibrated with graphite-bearing metapelite is presented in the Supplementary Table  2.
Acknowledgements This work is part of the project  DESTINE  ( PID2019-105192GB-I00 ) funded by  MICIN/AEI/10. 13039/501100011033  and the  FEDER program "una manera de hacer Europa ". J. A. P. N. acknowledges a Ramón y Cajal contract ( RYC2018-024363-I ) funded by  MICIN/AEI/10. 13039/501100011033  and the  FSE program  " FSE invierte en tu futuro ". This research is part of the  Junta de Andalucia  research group  RNM-131.
fluid sources (graphite-bearing metapelite and GLOSS sediment) resulting in 112 different fluid compositions. Once these fluids were retrieved, 112 infiltration models were run with VERTEX at the specified P-T conditions. These computations generate multigrid outputs for all available properties accessible with WERAMI, including, mineral and fluid modes, dependent chemical potentials (used to compute Dlog10fO2[FMQ]) and the amount of solvents in the fluid (as mole fraction) and species concentration (as molalities, mol/kg). We provide a global dataset (source data) including Dlog10fO2[FMQ], bulk fluid composition and solvent-solute fluid composition for the intrinsic and the two sediment-infiltrated deserpentinisation models (using high and low reducing capacity fluids) for the 56 subduction transects and an extent of interaction of 12 mol/kg.
Phylogenetic and population genetic analyses. In order to place the Iberian porpoises into a global phylogeographic context, we first reconstructed a maximum-likelihood (ML) phylogeny with all the 135 mtDNA sequences. Unique mtDNA haplotypes were identified using DnaSP v. 5. 10. 1  (Librado & Rozas, 2009). Then, we used PhyML  (Guindon et al. , 2010)  implemented in Geneious to estimate the ML tree based on all available unique haplotypes identified in the dataset using a nearest neighbor interchange typology search. The support of each node was assessed using 5000 bootstrap resampling. The phylogenetic tree was rooted with the sequence from a Dall's porpoise. In addition to the phylogenetic trees, we also reconstructed a median-joining haplotype network  (Bandelt et al. 1999)  using PopART (http://popart.
Acknowledgements We thank all the people and networks involved in the sampling collection of harbor porpoises over the years, including  KA Tolley ,  T Jauniaux ,  J Haelters ,  AA Llavona , B and  AA Ozturk ,  V Ridoux ,  F Caurant ,  W Dabin ,  E Rogan ,  M Sequeira ,  U Siebert ,  GA Vikingsson ,  A Borrell ,  AA Aguilar ,  A Marçalo , and the national stranding networks:  Réseau National d'Échouage and PELAGIS in France ;  Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences-MUMM, and Dept. Pathology of the U. Liège, Belgium ; CEMMA-Coordinadora para o Estudio dos  Mamiferos Mariños , Spain; the  Portuguese Marine Animal Tissue Bank-MTAB , Portugal; the  Dutch Stranding Network, SOS Dolfijn, and Dept. Pathology of the U. Utrecht in the Netherlands ; and the Dept. pathology of the  U. Kiel, Germany.
All samples were collected under appropriate permits following the relevant guidelines and regulations, and transferred internationally under CITES permits. We also thank  Graham J. Pierce  for his feedbacks on the first draft of the manuscript and the participants of the IMR-NAMMCO workshop in Tromsø (Norway, December 2018) for their significant inputs during the development of this study. We are also grateful to the  Centre for Information Technology of the University of Groningen , and in particular  Bob Dröge  and  Fokke Dijkstra , for their continuous support and for providing access to the Peregrine high-performance computing cluster. This study was funded by the  University of Groningen  (The Netherlands). YBC was supported by a  PhD fellowship  from the  University of Groningen.
BT avg is also plotted to provide a sense of plume intensity. We overlay the eruptions phases 1-4 from  Maeno et al. , 2022. c ) True color image of the volcanic plume at 4:30 UTC on August 13, 2021. d) 11. 2 μm brightness temperature of the volcanic plume. The red box shows the domain over which average brightness temperature (BT avg ) was measured in panel d. e) SO 2 measurements within the plume in Dobson units (DU) and from TROPOMI (Supplementary Text S3). f) The 11. 2-12. 4 μm brightness temperature difference of the plume. combine data from more than 12 satellites to assess the eruption stages, styles, rates, and products of this eruption. Excellent observations by the Japan Coast Guard (Submarine Volcano Database, 2021) validate and add to parts of this analysis. Our contribution is complementary to the study by  Maeno et al.
Plume height We used the brightness temperature of the volcanic cloud top to estimate plume top height through time. This temperature method  (Oppenheimer, 1998; Prata and Grant, 2001)  assumes that the cloud top is in thermal equilibrium with its surroundings and relates the top of the volcanic cloud temperature to a vertical temperature profile to determine height. Specifically, we used the Himawari-8 (2 km/pixel resolution, 10 minute frequency) data at a wavelength of 11. 2 microns. We evaluated the minimum brightness temperature (BT min ) immediately above the vent by taking the lowest brightness temperature pixel within the domain 141. 013-141. 821 • E and 24. 3190-24. 5291 • N. Because the highest plume top will be the coldest, this method evaluates the altitude of the highest part of the plume and thus may characterize the altitude of the plume top that overshoots the neutral buoyancy region (e.
1 ]. We identified the last large aerial plume pulse from the Himawari-8 data on 14 Aug 2021 23:20 UTC. However, a video by the Japan Coast Guard on 15 Aug 2021 4:00 UTC shows an explosion feeding a small vapor plume (Submarine Volcano Database, 2021). Based on this observation, we make a distinction between large, high-altitude plumes that are captured by Himawari-8 (∼2 km/pixel resolution) and small, short-lived and low-altitude plumes that can only be identified in higher resolution satellite imagery or by direct observations. Based on Japan Coast Guard video and satellite imagery that shows raft material near the vent until at least nightfall on Aug 15 [Fig. 5 ], we posit that the eruption continued, albeit at a lower intensity, through at least nightfall (15 Aug 2021 8:50 UTC). This interpretation is consistent with phase 4 of activity defined by  Maeno et al.
For the FOB eruption evidence suggests that the raft was, at least partially, created by ballistic delivery of clasts to the ocean surface by collapsing tephra jets and by near vent fallout of clasts from the eruption column. Satellite imagery shows that the raft was created at or very close to the vent, contrary to a scenario in which a diffuse raft would be created from fallout from a spreading aerial plume (e. g. ,  Elser et al. , 2015). A low-resolution video from the Japan Coast Guard on August 13 shows a collapsing jet near the base of a large aerial plume (Submarine Volcano Database, 2021). The August 15 Japan Coast Guard video more clearly reveals the ejection of pyroclastic material in classic cocks'tail tephra jets that quickly collapse to the sea surface  (Houghton et al. , 2015; Kokelaar, 1983).
Utility of satellite remote sensing observations The August 2021 FOB eruption is unique, in part, because a combination of satellites facilitated integrated analysis to a degree that is largely unprecedented for submarine eruptions [Fig. 6 ]. Eruption processes that evolve within hours and that are at approximately the meter scale are still not resolvable with current satellite data, however are important for understanding eruption produce delivery mechanisms to the ocean and atmosphere [Fig. 6 ]. Although our study has relied primarily on visual satellite imagery, future studies can take advantage of the full multispectral information from the various instruments to get more detailed constraints on plume dynamics and raft composition  (Williams and Ramsey, 2022) , especially high-resolution SAR datasets (e.
Conclusions A clear view of the August 2021 eruption of Fukutoku-Oka-no-Ba, Japan was enabled by data from a combination of satellite sensors and complemented by direct observations by the Japan Coast Guard. We determined an initial volume flux of 1. 5 × 10 9 m 3 s -1 in the aerial plume using geostationary satellite Himawari-8 data, measured plume heights of 16 km, and documented that the aerial plume contained SO 2 and abundant ice. Central to questions about the timing and style of raft creation, we concluded that the 0. 1 km 3 pumice raft and 16 km high aerial plume formed at the same time. Furthermore, satellite observations of a waterrich aerial plume and video from the Japan Coast Guard, together demonstrated that the pyroclasts were largely decoupled from the aerial plume and delivered to the ocean surface by tephra jets and near vent fallout.
Acknowledgements DigitalGlobe/Maxar data were provided by the Commercial Archive Data for NASA investigators (cad4nasa. gsfc. nasa. gov)under the  National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency 's NextView license agreement. This work was funded by  National Aeronautics and Space Administration  grant  80NSSC20K1450  (K. E. F. , R. B. , A. G. ,.
Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. L. J. K. ). TM was supported by a Massachusetts Institute of Technology Crosby fellowship. We thank the Massachusetts Institute of Technology Library for providing access to imagery from Planet Labs. The Himawari-8 radiance data are obtained from the National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT) Science Cloud, Japan. The authors wish to thank the World Wide Lightning Location Network (http://wwlln. net), a collaboration among over 50 universities and institutions, for providing the lightning location data used in this paper. The local earthquakes location was extracted from the USGS earthquakes catalog (earthquake.
We present a new gridded sea surface height and current dataset produced by combining observations from nadir altimeters and drifting buoys. This product is based on a multiscale & multivariate mapping approach that offers the possibility to improve the physical content of gridded products by combining the data from various platforms and in resolving a broader spectrum of ocean surface dynamic than in the current operational mapping system. The dataset covers the entire global ocean and spans from 2016-07-01 to 2020-06-30. The multiscale approach decomposes the observed signal into different physical contributions. In the present study, we simultaneously estimate the mesoscale ocean circulations as well as part of the equatorial wave dynamics (e. g. , tropical instability and Poincaré waves).
Sea level anomaly products The global ocean SSH observations are from the (Delayed-Time DT) Level-3 altimeter satellite along-track data, reprocessed in 2021 and distributed by the E. U. Copernicus Marine Service (product reference SEALEVEL_GLO_PHY_L3_MY_008_062, https://doi. org/10. 48670/moi-00146). These data cover the period 19930101-20201231 over the world ocean (excluding ice-covered areas, e. g. , Figure  1 ) and are available at a sampling rate of 1Hz (~7km spatial spacing). Homogenisation and cross-validation are applied to the dataset to remove any residual orbit error, long-wavelength error (lwe), large-scale biases and discrepancies between different data streams. The list of geophysical and environmental corrections applied to the data sets is described in the Quality Information Document  (Taburet et al.
Geostrophic current anomaly products We used delayed-time horizontal surface velocities from the AOML Surface Velocity Program (SVP,  Lumpkin and Centurioni, 2019). The data cover the entire world ocean and are available at a 6-hour frequency. SVP are designed to follow the 15m depth circulation, which is the centre depth of their drogues. When the drogue is lost, they follow the surface current, but are also under the direct influence of the wind. AOML distributes a flag to indicate whether the drogue is lost or not  (Lumpkin et al, 2013). These data are also distributed by the INSITU Thematic Assembly Centre of the E. U. Copernicus Marine Service (see Product User Manual, http://marine. copernicus. eu/documents/PUM/CMEMS-INS-PUM-013-044. pdf) with an additional wind slippage correction for undrogued buoys derived from the Rio (2012) methodology.
Methods Two mapping methods are compared in this study: the operational DUACS mapping approach and the experimental MIOST multiscale & multivariate mapping approach. Each method is briefly described in the following sections. https://doi. org/10. 5194/essd-2022-181 Open Access Earth System Science Data Discussions Preprint. Discussion started: 5 July 2022 c Author(s) 2022. CC BY 4. 0 License.
Experiments We produced 4 years (2016-07-01 to 2020-06-30) of SSH maps using the MIOST multiscale & multivariate approach by combining the Level-3 altimeter dataset from SARAL/Altika, Envisat, Jason-1, Jason-2, Jason-3, Cryosat-2, Haiyang-2A, Haiyang-2B, Sentinel-3A, Sentinel-3B missions, the Level-3 arctic leads sea-level anomaly products from SARAL/AltiKa, Sentinel-3A and CryoSat-2 missions and geostrophic current anomaly data from AOML drifter database. Specific maps were also made to quantitatively assess the quality of the MIOST products: SSH maps for the period 2019-01-01 to 2019-12-31 were produced with the available altimeter (Jason-3, Cryosat-2, Sentinel-3A, Sentinel-3B, Haiyang-2A, Haiyang-2B) and drifter data, excluding one along-track altimeter (Saral/Altika, over open ocean region) and 20% of the drifter trajectories from the mapping to perform independent assessments.
Note that for these specific maps, drifter trajectories between -10°S and 10°N (e. g. , Figure  3 ) were excluded to evaluate only the impact of the equatorial wave's mode in this region. A twin experiment was also conducted with the optimal interpolation method used by the DUACS operational system, allowing the comparison between the multi-scale approach and the operational method chosen in the Copernicus Marine Service. Table  3  summarises the list of experiments conducted in this study, specifying the input data used in the mapping and the physical content of the maps.
𝑁 (22) The similar statistical analysis can also be performed on the geostrophic velocity errors Uerror = Umap-Udrifter. The comparison of the error variance score between two experiments informs about the gain or reduction ∆ of the mapping error, for example: ∆= 100. 𝜎 𝑒𝑟𝑟 (𝐸𝑋𝑃2) -𝜎 𝑒𝑟𝑟 (𝐸𝑋𝑃1) 𝜎 𝑒𝑟𝑟 (𝐸𝑋𝑃1) (23) The previous diagnosis is undertaken in physical space (space/time space). For a more descriptive assessment by wavelength and to avoid spatio-temporal filtering of independent and study datasets, diagnostics can be performed in frequency space, using spectral analysis of SSH altimetry and gridded datasets. More specifically, a spectral analysis can be applied to altimetry data to estimate the effective resolution of gridded SSH products. It is described for example in  Ballarotta et al.