dataesr/scientific-paragraphs-categorization huggingface dataset:
Although it is possible that the charge of this protein may have affected the disassociation with molecular weight, it has been demonstrated that albumin diffusion was not affected by its charge  34. Our results indicate that s(P)RR in the dialysate is, at least in part, due to local secretion from HPMCs. However, we cannot fully conclude with this single data that s(P)RR is excreted out from peritoneum. Thus, we measured s(P)RR in the medium of cultured HPMCs, and found that s(P)RR and FN1 is excreted out of the cell. Taken together, we concluded that s(P)RR is secreted out of the cell and could be an indicator of peritoneal injury. Although the D/P Cr ratio in itself cannot be considered as a fully reliable marker of peritoneal injury, an increase in the D/P Cr ratio is considered to be associated at least in part with peritoneal injury  35.
PDEs were collected from basically the same patients with CKD, without prior peritonitis. We excluded patients with prior peritonitis, as increased s(P)RR owing to inflammation may be present, making it difficult to evaluate V-ATPase activity or peritoneal injury. The relationship between peritoneal tissue histology and s(P)RR levels in PDEs therefore requires further study. The present study has several limitations. Peritoneal fibrosis occurs not only in HPMCs, and interactions between other cells such as endothelial cells, pericytes, and fibroblasts may exist. It must also be acknowledged that BAF demonstrates cell toxicity at higher doses and longer durations of exposure in vitro; thus, we used BAF at doses and exposure durations that do not reduce cell viability  36. However, cell number was decreased after 48 hours of BAF exposure at a dose of 100 nM (data not shown), we used 100 nM BAF for 24 hours in vitro.
Photographs were taken using a light microscope (DMi8; Leica, Wetzlar, Germany), and peritoneal membrane thickness was determined using imaging software (LAS X; Leica). Patients and sample collection. Data and, serum and urine samples were collected from 7 patients diagnosed with CKD on regular PD treatment between 2011 and 2016 at the Tohoku University Hospital. Sera were obtained from the peripheral blood were obtained, and stored at -80 °C until use. The study was performed under the declaration of Helsinki principles. The study protocol was approved by the Institutional Review Board of the Tohoku University School of Medicine (registration number: 2016-1-110). All participants provided written informed consent after a full explanation of the purpose of the study and the potential risk involved.
Acknowledgements The authors are grateful to the  Biomedical Research Unit of Tohoku University Hospital  for the use of their equipment,  Yoko Ishida  for technical assistance, and  Kaori Narumi, MD PhD ,  Mitsunori Fukuda, PhD , and  Naonobu Fujita, PhD  for technical suggestions. This study was supported in part by  Grants for Scientific Research  ( 25293193 ,  26670424  and  25860156 ) from the  Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan (MEXT) , the  Network Medicine Global-COE Program  from  MEXT , the  Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) , and the  Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)  under the Japan- France Research Cooperative Program.
1 , step 1: Exp1). One week later, a second, one-week, exposure was then performed. Due to the decay of the short half-life emitter 99m Tc, the second autoradiography represented the distribution of 125 I-BSA only (Fig. 1 , step 1: Exp2). Image analysis. Image analysis was performed using Image-J software  12  (Fig. 1 ). Exp2 intensity was corrected to Exp1 using the signal from the pure 125 I area (Supp. Fig. 1 ), the slices were then co-registered using an automated algorithm  13  and Exp2 was subtracted to Exp1 to obtain maps of the distribution of 99m Tc-RBC only (Fig. 1 , step 1). Autoradiographic images of brain slices were then converted into MBq. g -1 and RBC distribution volume (Vrbc), plasma distribution volume (Vp) and vascular volume (Vv) images were then derived (cf. Supplementary Information).
Data analysis. For each animal, Vv image was coregistered to the anatomical MRI image using Matlab 2016a (elastic registration; Supp. Fig. 2 ). The transformation matrix was then applied to Vrbc, Vp and tHct images. For the Hemo group, an anatomical template was used. Brain from the Control, EPO and Hemodilution groups were automatically segmented into 3 Regions of interest: striatum, cortex, and white matter using a 3D MRI rat brain atlas  14  and the statistical parametric mapping software (SPM12). For the C6 and 9LGS animals, the tumor region was manually delineated on the anatomical MRI images. For the stroke group, the ischemic lesion was manually delineated as the hypointense area on ADC maps and excluding ventricles and/or small bleeds  15. The striatum region was manually delineated in the contralateral hemisphere for all pathological animals.
Statistical analysis. All statistical analysis were conducted with GraphPad Prism software. Two-way ANOVA was used to compare the results obtained in Control, EPO, and Hemodilution groups for all organs, the results obtained in Control, EPO, and Hemodilution groups for each brain region, and the results obtained in each brain region for the three groups. Pearson correlation coefficient was used to characterize the relation between ARG, GWC, and Capillary estimates of bHct as well as the relation between GWC and ARG estimates of Vp, Vrbc, Vv, and Hct. Lesion and contralateral striatum were compared using paired t-tests. Results are expressed as mean ± SD.
Acknowledgements ANR  Imoxy program   2011-BSV5-004 ,  Lyon Biopôle. "fondation ARC pour la recherche sur le cancer". The  MRI facility IRMaGe  and the nuclear medicine facility GAIA are partly funded by the  French program  ' Investissement d' Avenir ' run by the  French National Research Agency , grant ' Infrastructure d'avenir en Biologie Sante ' [ ANR-11-INBS-0006 ]. The authors thanks the animal care facility of GIN for their support.
Search Strategy We searched MEDLINE, PubMed, Embase and the Cochrane Review database from January 2000 to April 30th 2017 using a combination of MeSH terms and keywords related to IgA nephropathy and pregnancy, including: pregnancy, pregnant, gestation* and IgA nephropathy, Henoch* or Shoenlein*, Berger*. We also checked the reference lists of relevant articles and citations of included studies. We did not limit our search to any language, but we limited it to the period starting from 2000, allowing for the considerable changes in management of the disease and in maternofetal follow-up that occurred in the new millennium, in order to implement the clinical decision rules presently recommended by the very few guidelines or consensus statements dealing with glomerular diseases in pregnancy  [24] [25] [26].
Data Extraction and Quality Assessment Two reviewers (I. A. K. and G. B. P. ) extracted study and population characteristics and outcomes. A third reviewer (G. C. ) double-checked the accuracy of data entered from each study in case of discrepancies. All definitions of IgA nephropathy, pre-eclampsia (PE), pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH), small babies, small for gestational age babies (SGA) or other pregnancy related outcomes were gathered. Due to the lack of randomized controlled trials (RCTs), and to the limited number and type of control groups, no formal analysis of risk of bias was performed. No selection for quality was performed. However, the studies were critically analyzed and the completeness of the data was considered as an indirect marker of quality. The case series were compared with the controls available, regarding progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD), and with the only low risk population available, regarding the various pregnancy outcomes.
Statistical analysis was performed using Metanalyst Beta 3. 13. Due to the high baseline heterogeneity a random effect model was employed. Stratification for baseline renal function, hypertension and proteinuria was attempted, but was not possible due to the high heterogeneity of the papers. The control groups retrieved mainly regarded progression of kidney disease in women with IgA nephropathy who did not get pregnant after diagnosis; these data were used to analyze the effect of pregnancy on kidney function. For pregnancy-related outcomes, we employed as a control group the only low-risk population available (from the cohort named TOCOS from the Torino Cagliari Observational Study) and meta-analyzed each study with respect to it.
3%) 25/473 (5. 3%) 456/528 (86. 3%) 5/426 (1. 2%) Preterm 95/608 (15. 6%) Early: 18/135 (13. 3%) Extreme: 3/53 (5. 6%) 4/52 (7. 7%) PIH: 98/348 (28. 2%) PE: 79/523 (15. 1%) CS: 144/311 (46. 3%) LBW: 85/530 (16. 0%) IUGR/SGA <10th: 12/115 (10. 4%) abort: abortions (<24 gestational weeks); W: women; BUN: blood urea nitrogen; BW: birth weight; CS: caesarean section; m: months; NR not reported; HELLP: hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, low platelets syndrome; HT: hypertension; LBW: low birth weight (<2500 g); NA: not applicable, only included births >20 weeks or only live births; NICU: neonatal intensive care unit; NR: not reported; PE: preeclampsia; P: pregnancies; PtU: proteinuria; sCr: serum creatinine; * Abstract only (**) paper in Japanese, abstract used,  † data on 86/116 pregnancies,  † † not mentioned in article, additional information available in original database,  † † † calculated in W without baseline hypertension and/or proteinuria,  § spontaneous abortion: 1 (2%); induced abortion: 1 (2%); embryo damage 3 (4%); fetal malformation 3 (.
2 mL/min/year) in women with PtU >1 g/day at diagnosis, not modified by number of pregnancies, hypertension, PE Doubling of sCr in 13 (9. 6%); start of dialysis in 3 (3. 4%) § ; new-onset HT in 34 (31%) of 109 ** discrepant data between the various CKD stages and overall, as for proteinuria: Overall: 0. 86 ± 0. 80-0. 56 ± 0. 48. § used in meta-analysis despite of difference in follow-up (1 to 10 years); § § not mentioned in article, additional information available in original database.
Data analysis Statistical analysis was performed using GraphPad Prism 5, version 5. 01 (GraphPad Software Inc. , USA). The normality distribution was tested by using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov (KS). Data about serum concentrations of ANGPTL4, FGF21, NEFA and BHBA in periparturient dairy cows, that were normally distributed, were analyzed using repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Bonferroni's multiple comparison test. The estimated effects of sampling time on analyte levels were expressed as means ± standard errors (SE). The correlations of serum NEFA and BHBA concentrations and ANGPTL4 and FGF21 concentrations in experimental cows were analyzed by Pearson's correlation analysis. Mean serum concentrations of ANGPTL4, FGF21, NEFA, BHBA, AST, ALT, LDH, ALP, TNFα and IL-6 in cows with clinical ketosis and fatty liver, and healthy cows (control group) were compared using one-way ANOVA followed by Dunnett's multiple comparisons test.
Study design and participants The present study shows a 12month longitudinal analysis of sport participation as part of the longitudinal PRO-BONE (effect of a PROgram of short bouts of exercise on BONE health in adolescents involved in different sports) study, whose purpose, methodology and inclusion/exclusion criteria have been described in detail elsewhere  [21]. For the current study, data obtained at baseline (T0) during autumn/winter 2014-15 and follow-up (T1) during autumn/winter 2015-2016 were used (mean difference of visits = 372 days). After exclusion of three participants who dropped out from the study before T1, the study sample was composed by 104 adolescent male athletes originally recruited from athletic clubs in the South West of England (12-14 years old at baseline): 39 swimmers, 37 footballers (or soccer players) and 28 cyclists.
, Crymych, UK) and an electronic scale (Seca 877, Seca Ltd. , Birmingham, UK), respectively. Body mass index (BMI, kg/m 2 ) from each participant was calculated from these measures and calculated as: body mass (kg)/stature 2 (m). Predicted maturity offset, defined as the time before or after peak high velocity was used as a maturational landmark  [22]. Maturity offset was calculated for each participant using a validated algorithm in healthy children as follows  [23] : -7. 999994 + (0. 0036124 × (age × stature in cm)); where R 2 = 0. 896 and standard error of the estimate = 0. 542. Objectively measured physical activity Physical activity was measured for seven consecutive days using validated accelerometers (GENEActiv, GENEA, UK)  [24]. Participants were instructed to place the accelerometer on their non-dominant wrist and data was collected at 100 Hz.
In addition, participants logged bedtime, wake up time and every time the device was removed. At least 3 days of recording (including both week and weekend days) with a minimum of 12-h registration per day was set as an inclusion criterion. Data were analysed using 1-s epoch. The time spent in moderate-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) was calculated using a cut-off point of ≥ 1140 counts per minute that has previously been validated in youth  [25]. Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry A Lunar Prodigy DXA scanner (GE Healthcare Inc. , Wisconsin, USA) was used to measure aBMD (g/cm 2 ), fat mass (g) and lean mass (g) at specific regions of the body. Four scans were performed to obtain data for the whole body, LS (L1-L4) and dual hip scans. All DXA scans and subsequent in-software analyses were completed by the same researcher, using the same DXA scanner and the enCORE software version 14.
The coefficients of variation of these variables have been reported in previous studies and range from 7. 9 to 11. 7%  [27]. A repositioning wedge was used in order to keep the position of the hip joint neutral and obtain an appropriate FN angle. This is key to optimise reproducibility of the hip aBMD and HSA parameters. Trabecular bone score TBS is a DXA-based technological tool that provides an index of bone microarchitectural texture in the LS that predicts fracture risk independently of aBMD  [28]. TBS assesses DXA images of the LS scans using a greylevel analysis as the slope at the origin of the log-log representation of the experimental variogram  [28]. All TBS analyses were performed by the same trained researcher using the TBS iNsight Software (Medimaps, research version 1. 8, Pessac, France).
All participants were equally encouraged to continue the test until they reached a maximal effort. The test ended when the participants failed to reach the line on two consecutive occasions, and the count of the last completed shuttle run was recorded. Statistical analyses Data were analysed using SPSS version 22. 0 for Windows (IBM Corp, New York, USA) and descriptive data are reported as mean and standard deviation (SD). The normal distribution of the raw variables and of the regression model residuals was checked and verified using Shapiro-Wilk's test, skewness and kurtosis values, visual check of histograms, Q-Q and box plots. Collinearity was checked for the variables using the variance inflation factor (VIF). Descriptive analysis was obtained by (1) one way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Bonferroni post hoc comparisons to detect differences between groups and (2) ANOVA with repeated measures to analyse the differences between T0 and T1 within each group.
Cells were stained with PE-conjugated anti-DNGR-1, APC-conjugated anti-CD11c, FITC-conjugated anti-MHCII and CD4, Pacific blue-conjugated anti-CD8, and Percp-conjugated anti-CD3 (all obtained from eBioscience), as previously described  13. For intracellular staining, cells were stimulated with BMDC pre-incubated with fixed parasite. 2 hours later, Brefeldin A was added and cells were incubated for further 4 hours. After fixation, cells were permeabilised and stained with APC-conjugated anti-INFγ. Flow cytometric analysis was performed with a BD LSRFortessa ™ cell analyser (Becton Dickinson). 5. 10 5 cells per sample were acquired and analysed with the FACSDiva or with the flowjo software. Real-time PCR analysis. Real-time PCR (Stratagene mx3005p Real time PCR System) was used to analyse transcripts levels of HPRT, IL-10, IL-12p35, IL-12p40, and TNF  13.
Acknowledgements This work was supported by the  Canadian Institute of Health Research  grant  MOP-123293  (to S. S. ) and  PJT-148614  (to K. M. H. ), the  Fonds de recherche du Québec -Santé  grant # 32598  (to K. M. H. ), and the  Canada Foundation for Innovation John Evans Leader Fund  grant # 31377  (to K. M. H. and S. S. ). K. M. H. is  Chercheur-Boursier  ( Junior 1 ) of the  Fonds de recherche du Québec -Santé. AH was partly supported by an  Imperial   Tobacco scholarship  from the  Fondation Universitaire Armand-Frappier Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique and Center for Host-Parasite interactions (CHPI).
Methods and analysis We will conduct a scoping review based on the Joanna Briggs Institute's methodology and perform a systematic search of six bibliographical databases (CINAHL, EMBASE, IBSS, PubMed, Sociological Abstracts and Web of Science), four trial registries and relevant sources of grey literature. Relevant journals and reference lists of included records will be hand-searched. Data will be managed using the EndNote software and the Rayyan web application. Two review team members will perform independently the screening process as well as the full-text assessment of included records. Descriptive data will be synthesised in a tabular format. Data regarding the nature and the extent of the literature, the HSC strategies and the associated communication channels will be presented narratively.
Bibliographical databases We will identify eligible records through a comprehensive literature search of six bibliographic databases: Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), via EBSCO; Excerpta Medica data-BASE (EMBASE), via OVID; International Bibliography of the Social Sciences (IBSS), via ProQuest; PubMed, Open Access via NCBI; Sociological Abstracts, via ProQuest); Web of Science-Science Citation Index (SCI) and Social Sciences Citation Index (SSCI), , via ISI-Thomson Scientific.
Grey literature and additional sources We will perform a comprehensive search of relevant grey literature sources: Campbell Collaboration Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Grey Guide, Joanna Briggs Institute, Open Grey and ProQuest Dissertation and Theses. We will also search trial registries for relevant records (www. ClinicalTrials. gov; www. clinicalt rial sreg iste r. e u; www. isrctn. com; www. anzctr. org. au).
search strategy We developed the search strategy for this scoping review in collaboration with a librarian experienced in science communication. The search strategy uses a combination of three major concepts (see table  2 ): (1) researchers and the public; (2) HSC; (3) disintermediation, which refers to the concept in itself, as well as to the communication channels in the digital and social media ecosystem. We first developed the search strategy for PubMed (see online supplementary file 2), and then translated it for other databases. The search strategy was refined over a period of 2 months to ensure replicability in all databases. We plan to perform the search of relevant keywords in titles and abstracts. Searching in titles and abstracts allows us to retrieve recent publications not yet indexed with MeSH terms.
Selection process Two review team members will independently screen the titles and abstracts of records retrieved by the search strategy and apply the eligibility criteria. Two review team members will then perform independently Open Access the full-text assessment of included records. At any time during the review process, disagreements will be resolved through discussion and consensus. A third author will be involved in case of a persistent disagreement. We will document reasons for exclusion at the full-text phase of the screening process. A unique identification number will be attributed to included records for data extraction.
Acknowledgements We would like to acknowledge the participation of  Lysane Paquette ,  R. N. , M. Sc. , and  Natalie Stake-Doucet ,  R. N. , M. Sc. (A), in the early stages of this scoping review protocol. We would also like to acknowledge the contribution of  Hélène Tardif , librarian at the  Université de Montréal , who helped build the search strategy. GF wishes to thank  Quebec's Healthcare Research Fund, Quebec's Ministry of Higher Education , the  Canadian Nurses Foundation , the  Montreal Heart Institute Foundation  and the  Faculty of Nursing at the Université de Montréal  for the financial support they provided for his doctoral studies. AL would like to acknowledge the  CHU Sainte-Justine , the  Committee for Nursing Research Development, TD Bank and Quebec's Ministry of Higher Education  for their financial support for her doctoral studies.
During ICU stay, the following data were prospectively collected: occurrence of VAP, duration of mechanical ventilation, length of ICU stay and ICU mortality. Data related to antibiotic exposure and ESBLE digestive tract colonization were retrospectively collected. The use of broad-spectrum antibiotics was defined by at least 24h of the following antibiotics: Piperacillin/Tazobactam, Cefepime, Ceftazidime, quinolones active against P. aeruginosa, and Carbapenems, from ICU admission to VAP diagnosis. Selective digestive decontamination was not used during the study period. A routine screening for ESBLE digestive colonization was performed by rectal swab at ICU admission and repeated once a week. All samples were placed on a standardized selective agar medium (Mueller-Hinton). During the study period, the technique for standard antibiotic susceptibility testing in our microbiology laboratory was a disc diffusion method.
Statistical analysis SPSS software (SPSS, Chicago, IL, USA) was used for data analysis. Results are presented as numbers (percentage) for categorical variables. The distribution of quantitative variables was tested and was abnormal, results are presented as median (25 th -75 th interquartile). In order to determine factors associated with ESBLE VAP, patients with ESBLE VAP were compared with those with VAP related to other bacteria using univariate analysis. The Pearson's chi-square test was used to compare qualitative variables. The Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare quantitative variables. The statistical significance was set at p < 0. 05. Multivariate analysis was used to determine risk factors independently associated with ESBLE VAP. All data from univariate analysis with p values < 0.
Microbiological results VAP was polymicrobial in 76 patients (19%) and related to MDR bacteria in 189 patients (46%). Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the most common microorganism isolated in the cultures of VAP related to MDR bacteria. Enterobacter and Klebsiella were the main ESBLE (Table  2 ). VAP related to ESBL represented 11. 9% of all VAP related to Gram-negative bacilli. VAP was confirmed by quantitative endotracheal aspirate, and BAL in 96% and 4% of patients, respectively. No significant difference was found between different types of bacteria and duration of mechanical ventilation (data not shown). During ICU stay, 297 patients (72. 4%) acquired MDR bacteria. Among them, digestive tract colonization with ESBLE was found in 125 patients (30. 5%). 79% of ESBLE VAP occurred in patients previously identified as ESBLE carriers (Table  3 ).
The transverse momentum balance of pairs of back-to-back b quark jets in PbPb and pp collisions recorded with the CMS detector at the LHC is reported. The center-ofmass energy in both collision systems is 5. 02 TeV per nucleon pair. Compared to the pp collision baseline, b quark jets have a larger imbalance in the most central PbPb collisions, as expected from the jet quenching effect. The data are also compared to the corresponding measurement with inclusive dijets. In the most central collisions, the imbalance of b quark dijets is comparable to that of inclusive dijets.