dataesr/scientific-paragraphs-categorization huggingface dataset:
Primary cultures and nucleus movement. Primary myoblasts were cultured from P0 WT mice and HTZ KI-Dnm2 littermates as previously described  45. Myoblasts were grown in IMDM (Life Technologies, France) supplemented with 20% FCS and 1% Chick Embryo Extract (MP Biomedical, France) onto 1:100 Matrigel Reduced Factor (BD Biosciences, France). Differentiation was triggered by medium switch in IMDM + 2% horse serum. Fusion index was calculated as number of nuclei per myotube as well as percentage of nuclei inside the myotubes after 5 days of differentiation for each genotype. For movement study, three days after differentiation, nuclear movement was recorded using a Nikon Ti microscope equipped with an incubator to maintain cultures at 37 °C and 5% CO 2 (Okolab), a CoolSNAP HQ2 camera (Roper Scientific) and an XY motorized stage (Nikon), driven by metamorph software (Molecular Devices).
Acknowledgements We thank the  Pitié-Salpêtrière Imaging Platform (PICPS)  for confocal imaging acquisition facilities. This work was supported by the  Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) , the  Association Institut de Myologie, Sorbonne Université , and by the  Agence Nationale de la Recherche  [grant  ANR-14-CE12-0009 ].
Physiological closure of the metopic suture The main aim of the study was to determine the age of MS closure onset, and the age at which fusion is complete. The secondary aim was to determine the prevalence of metopism, defined as persistence of a totally unfused MS at an unusual age; this requires first determining the age at which presence of metopism can be asserted. To study the pattern of MS closure, we retrieved data for up to 20 children for each month of age up to 12 months, and a large number of unselected older children. Patients with underlying constitutional disease, or with secondary traumatic lesions (such as subdural effusion) liable to interfere with skull growth, were not included. The MS was classified as totally unfused, partially fused, or totally fused. The age at which metopism can be asserted was defined as the age after which prevalence is stable.
Secular trend The incidence of MS synostosis has been relentlessly on the rise over recent decades  (12, 14, 16, 17). We reviewed our craniofacial database starting at the end of the 1970s, with 1,318 patients followed for craniosynostosis born since 1977. MS synostosis accounted for 30% of children with synostosis born during the decade 1977-86, compared with 47% in the decade 2007-2016, making it now the most common form of craniosynostosis (figure  3 ). Although the trend in our series was highly significant (p = 0. 002), many confounding factors interfere: increased awareness in pediatricians and the public  (16) , and the impact of prenatal diagnosis in lowering the prevalence of the more severe and often syndromic bicoronal synostoses. At all events, these figures point to environmental rather than genetic factors.
Data were log-transformed when necessary to satisfy the ANOVA assumptions (Zar 1999). Pairwise post-hoc tests were performed using the "emmeans" package to compare the means between systems when a significant system effect was found. The Response Ratio (RR) as defined in Hedges et al. (1999) was used as a metric to assess for each year the size effect of tree introduction on investigated variables. The natural log value of the RR between agroforestry and control systems and the sampling variance for each block were calculated as described in  Jian et al. (2016). The weighted mean RR for the three blocks and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were then calculated using the "rma" function of the "metafor" package. Mean RR were considered significantly different from zero when the CI did not overlap the zero value.
Tree litter mass was not collected on the two agroforestry systems due to the young tree age and thus, we did not have valuable data to compare the quantity of C and N inputs in soil in alder and poplar systems. Based on the literature, C:N ratio averaged 34 for poplar trees (Populus deltoides × P. nigra, clone Dorskamp) compared to 21 for N2-fixing trees such as Robinia pseudoacacia (Marron, unpublished data) or 16 for Alnus glutinosa  (Angst et al. 2017 ) as compared to 10. 8 for the alfalfa. The two different types of tree leaf litters, N-rich litter with low C:N ratio for alder (N2-fixing tree) and low-N litter with high C:N ratio for poplar, is expected to influence differently soil microbial communities as evidenced by  Sun et al. (2018)  in a robinia-based system compared with a poplar-based system.
Acknowledgements The  UMR Silva, UR BEF  and the experimental site are supported by the  French National Research Agency  through the  Cluster of Excellence ARBRE  ( ANR-11-LABX-0002-01 ). This Research was also funded by  La Fondation de France  and the  French Environment and Energy Management Agency (ADEME)  through postdoctoral grants to  H. Clivot  and  C. Petitjean. The experiment was supported by the mobile lab (M-POETE) of  ANAEE-France. ANAEE-France  is an infrastructure of the  French Investment for the Future ('Investissements d'Avenir') program , overseen by the  French National Research Agency  ( ANR-11-INBS-0001 ). We thank  M. C. Géhin  ( INRA ) for assistance in NIRS-MIRS analyses. We are also grateful to all the people who helped for maintain the experimental site and for field and lab work.
We use this data to construct three measures of bilateral relatedness. First, following  Hidalgo et al. (2007) , we construct a measure of product or technological relatedness to explore whether countries increase the exports of a product to a destination when they already export more related products to it. Product relatedness should capture information on the shared knowledge and capabilities needed to make the products. Second, following  Chaney (2014)  and  Morales et al. (2015) , we construct a measure of importer relatedness to explore whether countries increase the exports of a product to a destination when they already export the same product to the neighbors of that destination. Importer relatedness should capture information on shared logistics channels, such as knowledge of distribution centers, shipping companies, and customs unions.
Acknowledgments We thank  Mauricio (Pacha) Vargas  and  Alex Simoes  for help with the data. We also thank  Cristian-Jara Figueroa ,  Flávio Pinheiro ,  Tarik Roukny ,  Dogyoon Song , and  Robert A Irwin  for helpful comments. This project is supported by the  MIT   Skoltech Program , by the  National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF)  (No. 2019R1G1A1100322 ), and by the  Cooperative Agreement between the Masdar Institute of Science and Technology (Masdar Institute) ,  Abu Dhabi ,  UAE  and the  Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) , Cambridge, MA,  USA-Reference 02/MI/MIT/CP/11/07633/GEN/G/00. CAH also acknowledges the support of the  ANITI Chair  from the  University of Toulouse. This paper was circulated as a working paper: "Relatedness, knowledge diffusion, and the evolution of bilateral trade.
Plasmids, small hairping RNAs (shRNAs) and lentiviral particles generation. FLAG-tagged LNX1-p80 was a generous gift from Prof. Jane McGlade (University of Toronto), pClneoMyc mouse LNX1-p70 and pClneoMyc mouse LNX2 were a gift from Yutaka Hata (Addgene plasmids #37009 and #37010, respectively) and pRK5-HA-Ubiquitin-WT was a gift from Ted Dawson (Addgene plasmid #17608). Generation of GlyT2-4KR was described in previous work  16, 21. GlyT2 constructs are based on the longest rattus novergicus isoform of 799 aminoacids (Slc6a5-201, Ensembl transcript ID ENSRNOT00000041950. 4). The shRNA sequence against LNX2 was designed by the The Genetic Perturbation Platform at the Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT (Massachusetts, USA) with the identification number TRCN0000040715. Since LNX1 and LNX2 present very short half-lives (see Supp.
6 TBq/mmol; PerkinElmer Life Sciences) in PBS, yielding a 10 μM final glycine concentration. To measure unspecific glycine accumulation (background), the transport assay was also performed in the presence of the GlyT2 antagonist ALX1393 (0. 4 μM, IC50 = 50 nM). Transport was measured by subtracting the background glycine accumulation in COS7 cells or primary neurons and normalizing to the protein concentration and time of the reaction. Experiments in neurons were performed in the presence of the GlyT1 antagonist NFPS (10 μM) as these cultures present GlyT1 endogenous activity that would contaminate the measurements of GlyT2 transport activity. The reactions were terminated after 10 min by aspiration, followed by washing with HBS. Densitometry, data analysis and statistics. The protein bands obtained by ECL (Bio-Rad) using film exposures in the linear range were imaged using a GS-900 calibrated imaging densitometer (Bio-Rad) and quantified using Image Lab Software (Bio-Rad).
All statistical analyses were performed using GraphPad Prism (GraphPad Software). Kruskal-Wallis was used to compare multiple groups, with subsequent Dunn's post-hoc test to determine the significant differences between samples. Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Mann-Whitney U tests were used to compare two separate groups. p values are denoted through the text as follows: *p < 0. 05; **p < 0. 01; ***p < 0. 001; ****p < 0. 0001; p < 0. 05 or lower values were considered significantly different when compared by one-way Kruskal-Wallis (Dunns's posthoc test) or Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Mann-Whitney U tests. Thorough the text, the Box whisker plots represent median (line), mean (point), 25-75 percentile (box), 10-90 percentile (whisker), 1-99 percentile (X) and min -max (-) ranges.
Acknowledgements This work was supported by grants from the  Spanish 'Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad ' , grant number  SAF2014-58045-R (MINECO/FEDER ,  UE)  and  SAF2017-84235-R (AEI/FEDER ,  UE ) to B. L. -C. and C. A. , by  Institutional grants  from the  Fundación Ramón Areces  and  Banco de Santander  to the  CBMSO  and by the  Joy Cappel 2018 Young Investigator Award  to J. J. -S. We thank  Ryan J. Farrell  ( David Rockefeller Graduate Program, Rockefeller University ) and  Timothy A. Ryan  ( Weill Cornell Medicine ) for comments on the manuscript.
Participants Neuroimaging and behavioral data were obtained from the IMAGEN study conducted across 8 European sites in France, the United Kingdom, Ireland, and Germany, which includes ethics committee of the Faculty of Psychology). Written consent was obtained from the parent or guardian as well as verbal assent from the adolescent. A detailed description of recruitment and assessment procedures has been published elsewhere  [29]. In the present study, a total of 1,753 participants possessed quality controlled neuroimaging data and complete demographic data.
All stimuli were presented as 18 s blocks, with 4-7 video clips per block during a face block. Each run was comprised of 5 blocks of neutral faces and 5 blocks of angry faces. Pre-processing of echo-planar imaging data was performed using SPM8 (Statistical Parametric Mapping, http://www. fil. ion. ucl. ac. uk/spm/). Time series data were initially corrected for slice timing, and subsequently corrected for movement, non-linearly warped into MNI space, and spatially smoothed at 5 mm-FWHM. Functional activation maps were generated with SPM8 and regressed using a general linear model with AR noise model against a design-matrix modeling each 18 second block of stimulus presentation. Contrast images were obtained for the main effect of angry faces and neutral faces, as well as for differential activation of angry minus neutral faces.
Processing of structural MRI Quality controlled native MR images were processed through the CIVET pipeline (version 2. 1. 0) using the CBRAIN platform  [34]. As described in detail previously  [35] , the following steps were performed as part of the CIVET pipeline  [36, 37]. First, native MR images were linearly registered to a standardized MNI-Talairach space based on the ICBM152 dataset in order to account for volumetric differences between subjects  [38] [39] [40]. Second, the N3 algorithm was implemented in order to correct for intensity non-uniformity artifacts  [41]. Third, classification of white matter (WM), gray matter (GM), and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was performed using the INSECT algorithm  [42]. Fourth, the CLASP algorithm was used to generate high-resolution hemispheric surfaces (40,962 vertices per hemisphere)  [43] [44] [45] [46].
Hemispheric surfaces were generated for both the WM/GM interface and GM/CSF interface. Fifth, surfaces for each hemisphere were non-linearly registered to an average surface created from the ICBM152 dataset  [39, 44, 47]. A reverse linear transformation was carried out on each subject's images, and cortical thickness estimations were calculated at each cortical point in native space using the tlink metric  [48, 49]. As a final step, subjects' cortical thickness maps were blurred using a 20-millimeter full width at half maximum surface-based diffusion smoothing kernel  [50] , providing optimal sensitivity for cortical thickness analysis  [49].
Statistical analysis Cortical thickness analyses were performed using SurfStat, a toolbox created for MATLAB (The MathWorks, Inc. , Natick, Massachusetts) by Dr. Keith Worsley (http://www. math. mcgill. ca/keith/surfstat/). First, local cerebral cortical thickness was regressed against the continuous measure of amygdalar reactivity (i. e. , mean amygdalar BOLD signal change for angry minus neutral face contrast) using first and second-order linear models: where "Amy" refers to the angry minus neutral face contrast value. In a follow-up personcentered analysis, we defined a "high reactive" group as participants falling 1. 5 standard deviations above mean amygdalar BOLD signal change for the angry minus neutral face contrast (corresponding, approximately, to the upper 5% of participants in the present sample).
Acknowledgments The IMAGEN Consortium includes the following members:  Tobias Banaschewski ,  Gareth J. Barker ,  Arun L. W. Bokde ,  Uli Bromberg ,  Christian Bu ¨chel ,  Erin Burke Quinlan ,  Sylvane Desrivières ,  Herta Flor ,  Antoine Grigis ,  Vincent Frouin ,  Hugh Garavan ,  Penny Gowland ,  Andreas Heinz ,  Bernd Ittermann ,  Jean-Luc Martinot ,  Marie-Laure Paillère Martinot ,  Eric Artiges ,  Frauke Nees ,  Dimitri Papadopoulos Orfanos ,  Herve Lemaitre , Tomas ˇPaus,  Luise Poustka ,  Sarah Hohmann ,  Sabina Millenet ,  Juliane H. Fro ¨hner ,  Michael N. Smolka ,  Henrik Walter ,  Robert Whelan , and  Gunter Schumann.
Further support was provided by grants from:  ANR  (project  AF12-NEUR0008-01 -WM2NA , and  ANR-12-SAMA-0004 ), the  Fondation de France , the  Fondation pour la Recherche Medicale , the  Mission Interministerielle de Lutte-contre-les-Drogues-etles-Conduites-Addictives (MILDECA) , the  Assistance-Publique-Hopitaux-de-Paris  and  INSERM  (interface grant),  Paris Sud University  IDEX 2012; the  National Institutes of Health, Science Foundation Ireland  ( 16/ERCD/3797 ),  U. S. A. (Axon, Testosterone and Mental Health during Adolescence ;  RO1 MH085772-01A1 ), and by  NIH Consortium  grant  U54 EB020403 , supported by a cross- NIH  alliance that funds Big Data to Knowledge Centres of Excellence. In addition,  Drs. Garavan  and Potter are supported P20GM103644, Agency:  NIGMS Vermont Center on Behavior and Health.
Interestingly, this association was not observed for total flavonoid intake, nor for any other subclass of flavonoids (flavones, flavonols, flavan-3-ols, and flavanones), with the exception of two single compounds (apigenin and catechin)  [19]. In a cross-sectional study from a cohort of 1898 adult women from the TwinsUK registry, a higher intake of ACNs was associated with significantly lower central systolic blood pressure (SBP) and mean arterial pressure (MAP). Again, the inverse association was not observed for total flavonoid intake, flavanones, flavan-3-ols, flavonols, or flavones  [20]. Several meta-analyses have been conducted using data from clinical trials involving sources of ACNs, with mixed results. A meta-analysis of 128 clinical trials on different sources of ACN and ellagitannins, with a total of 5538 participants, found that both systolic and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were significantly lowered by consumption of berries, red grapes, and red wine-the main sources of ACN investigated in the study  [12].
Literature Search A search of the literature for human acute and chronic intervention studies was carried out on multiple databases (PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Web of Science) with the keywords (anthocyanin* OR blueberr* OR raspberr* OR bilberr* OR blackberr* OR blackcurrant OR açai OR cherr* OR aronia OR elderberr* OR chokeberr*) AND (blood pressure OR systolic OR diastolic OR MAP OR aldosterone OR angiotensin* OR renin OR nitric oxide OR blood flow). Abstracts and full texts were screened, and reference lists were also searched for related articles. Further details about the literature search process are provided in Figure  1. Sixty-six relevant studies were identified , and their results related to blood pressure are summarized in Tables  1  and 2.
MCTS analysis. Growth of MCTS and analysis of micrographs with ImageJ. After 4 hours of immersion in PBS or P-A PBS, MCTS were rinsed twice with PBS and placed in cell culture medium, where MCTS growth and viability was continuously followed during 7 days (4 days after treatment, fresh culture medium was added to the MCTS) using IncuCyte Live Cell Analysis System Microscope with magnification x10 objective. Micrographs were exported from the IncuCyte software and the GFP green fluorescence was used to set a threshold mask on MCTS and to measure the area with the ImageJ software. Cell membrane permeabilization upon EP treatment. Propidium iodide (PI) was used to detect cell membrane permeabilization after MCTS electropermeabilization at different electric field intensities. 100 µM of PI in PBS was used in the electropermeabilization experiment, where MCTS were placed in a 100 µL drop of the PBS containing PI, which was placed between the electrodes and the electric field pulses were applied.
Five minutes after the MCTS were rinsed and the PI fluorescence (λ exc = 535 nm, λ em = 617 nm) was monitored on live MCTS under a wide field Zeiss Primovert microscope (Carl Zeiss, Marly Le Roy, France), equipped with a DMIRB CoolSnapFx HQ2 camera. Images were then analyzed with the ImageJ software. Cell viability. Propidium iodide was also used to evaluate cells viability after treatment (when membrane permeabilization occurred due to cell death). MCTS were electropulsed in either PBS or P-A PBS, and kept for 4 hours in newly prepared PBS or P-A PBS solution containing 1 µM concentration of PI. After the 4 hours incubation, MCTS were rinsed twice with PBS and placed in fresh cell culture media, also containing 1 µM of PI. PI penetration to dead cells within MCTS was continuously followed during 3 days with IncuCyte Live Cell Analysis System Microscope.
Acknowledgements The authors acknowledge the financial support from the  Université Paul Sabatier  and  Région Occitanie  and the  Grand Sud Ouest Canceropole , the " Toulouse Réseau Imagerie " core IPBS facility support ( Genotoul, Toulouse, France ) which was supported by the  Association Recherche Cancer  ( n°5585 ),  Region Midi Pyrenees  (CPER) and Grand Toulouse cluster. Research was conducted in the scope of the  EBAM European Associated Laboratory (LEA ) and resulted from the networking efforts of the  COST Action   TD1104  (http://www. electroporation. net).
Data analysis and statistics Flow cytometry data were analyzed using FlowJo v. 10 (TreeStar). SPR data were analyzed using Scrubber v. 2. 0 (BioLogic Software). Statistical analyses were done using two-tailed Wilcoxon matched pairs signed-rank test for experiments comparing two conditions, and two-tailed Friedman test with post-hoc Dunn's multiple comparison for experiments comparing more than two conditions of interest (GraphPad Prism v. 7 and v. 8). When data from replicates were included (Figures. 1a  and 2d ), mixed effects linear regression models were used for statistical comparisons (SAS Software v. 9. 3). This type of model allows the correlation between replicates in these comparisons to be taken into account, as well as the systematic technical batch effect. If not otherwise indicated, the distribution of data from control conditions were assessed visually and not included in statistical comparisons.
NKp44ζ + , KIR2DL3ζ + and NKp46ζ + Jurkat cells were cultured at 37 °C/5% CO2 in RPMI-1640 (Life Technologies) supplemented with 20% heat-inactivated fetal bovine serum (FBS) (Biochrom) and maintained in 1 µg ml -1 puromycin (Sigma-Aldrich). HLA-DP sequences (HLA-DPA1: accession number: P20036, HLA-DPB1: accession number: P04440) containing the mammalian Kozak sequence were synthesized using GeneArt Strings (Life Technologies). DNA fragments encoding for HLA-DPA1*01:03, HLA-DPB1*02:01, HLA-DPB1*04:01, HLA-DPB1*03:01 and HLA-DPB1*06:01 were cloned into a lentiviral transfer vector (pSIP-ZsGreen, kindly provided by T.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This work has been funded in part by the  Pathogenesis  and the  Viral Latency Programs of the Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology  and the  German Center for Infection Research (DZIF)  through  TTU 04. 810. This project has been funded in part with federal funds from the  Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research , under contract no. HHSN261200800001E. The content of this publication does not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the  Department of Health and Human Services , nor does mention of trade names, commercial products, or organizations imply endorsement by the  US Government. This research was supported in part by the  Intramural Research Program  of the  National Institutes of Health, Frederick National Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research.
Photocurrents were calculated from these data by subtracting the dark current from the current measured under illumination. Alternatively,chopped illumination was used. Gas chromatography was used to directly measure the water splitting performance of the electrodes. Gas evolution of H 2 ,O 2 ,a nd N 2 ,apossible product of photocorrosion of LTON, were measured using an Inficon gas chromatograph attached to at hree-electrode custom built air-tight cell with an Ag/AgCl reference electrode and aP t-spiral counter electrode. The gas chamber was evacuated and flushed with Ar ten times prior to measurement. The electrodes were dipped in an aqueous solution of 0. 1 m Na 2 SO 4 with pH 13. 40, adjusted by adding NaOH. Chronoamperometric measurements were performed with the same setup as described above.
A total of 51% of contacted parents agreed to participate. Data were collected through standardized interviews conducted by trained midwives and through self-completed questionnaires. The follow-up of this birth cohort is ongoing. The ELFE study was given ethical approval by the Advisory Committee for the Treatment of Information on Health Research (Comité Consultatif sur le Traitement des Informations pour la Recherche en Santé), the National Agency Regulating Data Protection (Commission National Informatique et Libertés), and the National Statistics Council.
Maternal Characteristics Mothers were first interviewed in the maternity ward after delivery, to collect information about their pregnancy, their newborn, and their general characteristics (employment status, education level, age). Two months post-partum, telephone interviews with mothers and fathers took place, which included additional questions on demographic and socioeconomic characteristics such as country of birth, educational level, employment, monthly income, and number of family members. As family data were more comprehensively collected during the two-month-post-partum interview than during the maternity interview and because family sociodemographic characteristics only marginally evolved within two months, we prioritized data collected at two months in our analyses. The sociodemographic characteristics collected during the maternity stay were used only in the case of missing values in the two-months-post-partuminterview.