dataesr/scientific-paragraphs-categorization huggingface dataset:
To calculate the estimated annual number of new CIN2þ cases in women in Europe we extrapolated the lower and the upper mean value of each age group to the population of each included European country. However, the incidence of CIN may vary throughout Europe, not only due to regional differences in the prevalence of HPV, but also due to different screening and prevention methods. In Iceland for example, screening starts at age 20, with a 2-year interval until age 69. This might explain the high incidence rates observed in the youngest age groups and lower incidence rates in the age group over 50 in Iceland compared to the other four countries (personal communication from Kristján Oddsson). We used data from countries with well-organized screening, thus reflecting the real high burden of precancerous lesions.
In addition to cancers and precancerous lesions, between 753,608 and 935,318 new annual genital warts cases were estimated to occur in women and men in Europe, of which 90% (between 678,248 and 841,785 cases) were estimated to be related to HPV6/11. The relative increase in the number of new cancers attributable to HPV16/18/31/33/45/52/58 compared to HPV16/18 was 19%. For precancerous lesions this increase was 75% when comparing HPV6/11/16/18/31/33/45/52/58 and HPV6/11/16/18 These data demonstrate how the large public health impact in the prevention of cancer that was achieved by the first generation HPV vaccines could be further increased by the second generation nine-valent HPV vaccine, due to additional cancer prevention and notably the prevention of precancerous lesion in women.
3-point clustering statistics of FoF catalogues Fig. 8  shows the bispectrum and 3-point correlation function in real space. To compute 3PCF, we use the ntropy-npoint software, an exact n-point calculator which uses a kd-tree framework with true parallel capability and enhanced routine performance  (Gardner et al. 2007; McBride et al. 2011). We compute the 3-point correlation functions with the configuration of the triangles with two fixed sides, r1 = 10 h -1 Mpc and r2 = 20 h -1 Mpc, and varying the third side, r3. COLA, EZmock, PATCHY, PINOCCHIO, and PTHalos agree with the simulation within the level of noise. We compute the bispectrum with the configuration of the triangles given two fixed sides, k1 = 0. 1 h Mpc -1 and k2 = 0. 2 h Mpc -1 , and a varying angle θ12. COLA, EZmock, and PATCHY agree very well with the reference simulation catalogue.
We also recognize support from the  Universidad Autonoma de Madrid (UAM)  for the workshop infrastructure. We especially like to thank  Frazer Pearce  for initiating (together with AK) the  Mocking Astrophysics 18 program  under whose umbrella the workshop and this work was performed, respectively. We thank the developers of  COLA, Tassev, Zaldarriaga, Eisenstein and Koda , for making the code public available. We thank  Jeffery Gardner  and  Cameron McBride  for sharing the ntropy-npoint code. CC and FP were supported by the  Spanish MICINNs  Consolider- Ingenio 2010 Programme  under grant MultiDark  CSD2009-00064  and  AYA2010-21231-C02-01  grant, and  Spanish MINECOs Centro de Excelencia Severo Ochoa Programme  under grant  SEV-2012-0249. CZ and CT acknowledges support from  Tsinghua University , and 973 program No.
2013CB834906. CZ also thanks the support from the  MultiDark summer student program  to visit the  Instituto de Física Teórica , ( UAM/CSIC ), Spain. AK is supported by the  Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO) in Spain  through grant  AYA2012-31101 , as well as the  Consolider-Ingenio 2010 Programme  of the  Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MICINN)  under grant MultiDark  CSD2009-00064. He also acknowledges support from the  Australian Research Council (ARC)  grants  DP130100117  and  DP140100198. EM and PM have been supported by a  FRA2012 grant  of the  University of Trieste ,  PRIN2010-2011  ( J91J12000450001 ) from  MIUR , and by  Consorzio per la Fisica di Trieste. AI is supported by the  JAE program  grant from the  Spanish National Science Council (CSIC). GY acknowledges support from the  Spanish MINECO  under research grants  AYA2012-31101 ,  FPA2012-34694 ,  AYA2010-21231 , Consolider Ingenio SyeC  CSD2007-0050  and from  Comunidad de Madrid  under  ASTROMADRID  project ( S2009/ESP-1496 ).
VT and SG have been supported by the  German Science Foundation  under  DFG  grant  GO563/23-1. FAM is supported by the  Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for All-Sky Astrophysics (CAASTRO)  through project number  CE110001020. The MultiDark Database (www. multidark. org)used in this paper and the web application providing online access to it were constructed as part of the activities of the  German Astrophysical Virtual Observatory  as result of a collaboration between the  Leibniz-Institute for Astrophysics Potsdam (AIP)  and the  Spanish Mul -tiDark  Consolider  Project  CSD2009-00064. The BigMD simulation suite have been performed in the Supermuc supercomputer at LRZ using time granted by  PRACE. The simulation has been performed with an optimized version of GADGET-2 kindly provided by  Volker Springel.
Pre-processing and microarray data analysis Microarray data were processed and analysed using the language R/BioConductor (R Development Core Team 2008  [46] ). Quantile normalization was performed on background-corrected features with the limma package  [47]. Arrays having more than 3 % of not uniform features were eliminated for subsequent analysis. Filtering step was performed according to Agilent Feature Extraction software results on spot quality and spot intensity reliability. Negative filtered features were excluded from subsequent analyses. Missing values were imputed with impute package  [48]. Raw and normalized hybridization values are deposited in the gene expression omnibus (GEO) repository with the accession number GSE66103. We first applied a redundancy analysis (RDA), a constrained ordination method implemented in the Vegan package  [49] , to obtain a global view of the extent to which the explanatory variables "sex" (male, female) and "progeny" (Denmark, France, hybrid) influenced the expression levels.
01) as proposed by Hedgecock et al. [50]. Then eP ST estimates were calculated using the equation: σ 2 GB /(σ 2 GB + 2σ 2 GW ), where σ 2 GB and 2σ 2 GW represent among-and withinpopulation components of the genetic variance for quantitative traits respectively  [33] , and tested by permutations (N = 5000). Transcripts for which the eP ST values exceeded the 0. 999 quantile of the permutation distribution were retained as outliers. The script used for RDA, ANOVA and eP ST calculations is in Additional file 1. Transcripts putative annotations were identified using ngKlast blast (Korilog) against a protein data base (E-value 1. 0 × 10e -5 ) obtained from the C. gigas sequenced genome and transcriptome deposited on Genbank  [51]. GO terms were obtained using ngKlast against the Swissprot database (E-value 1.
Statistical analyses of sex-ratio and condition index Data for sex-ratio, condition index and biochemical analyses were processed and analysed using the language R/ BioConductor  [46]. Comparisons of sex distributions between progenies were made using Chi-square tests (Χ 2 ). The condition index, was tested using a two-way ANOVA with sex and progeny as fixed factors, post-hoc test (LSD test) was used to determine which groups were significantly different. Normality was checked using Shapiro-Wilk test and homogeneity of variances matrices with Bartlett test.
Gene expression analysis RDA analysis on all mRNA and individuals clearly discriminated males from females on its first component RDA1 (Fig. 2 ). From the two following partial RDA, sex accounted for 95. 5 % and progeny for 4. 3 % of the explained variance, respectively. The two explanatory variable vectors were orthogonal on the RDA plan, and hybrids were intermediate between French and Danish progenies on second component RDA2. Scores of contribution to second component RDA2 allowed us to obtain a first list of 64 genes whose contribution accounted in the 0. 1 and 99. 9 percentile of the distribution. Genbank access, putative annotations and E values of these transcripts are presented in Table  1  and their mean expression per progeny in the heatmap in Fig. 3. The enriched GO biological processes attributed to those genes are presented in Additional file 2.
eP ST estimates performed separately on males and females, demonstrates that considering sexes separately, when sex effect is so strong on gene expression patterns like in in gonads, could help in highlighting new candidates. Furthermore, this suggests that sex-dependent adaptation might be involved in the Table  1  RDA sex significant transcripts 64 transcripts whose contribution accounted for the 0. 1 and 99. 9 percentile of the RDA2 axis distribution scores; Genbank accession number, putative annotations, E values, cluster and presence on these transcripts in the other analyses (a = ANOVA, m = eP ST males, f = eP ST females) (Continued).
AM858003 Mortality factor 4-like protein 1 observed genetically-based phenotypic and transcriptomic variations of reproductive traits, supported by an increasing evidence of a role for sex differentiated effects in the architecture of complex traits  [57]. Sex interaction effects are common in model organisms for a wide range of traits, and can often explain a substantial part of the genetic basis of phenotypic variation  [58]. In males, functional annotation of outlier eP ST estimates pinpointed mRNA encoding proteins involved in sperm motility. The A-kinase anchor protein 7 isoform gamma [Genbank:AM866859], identified as outlier eP ST both in males and females and more expressed in Danish progeny, is a A-kinase anchoring protein (AKAPs) promoting the selective sequestration of intracellular cAMPdependent protein kinase (PKA) involved in epithelial sodium channel regulation  [59] [60] [61].
1 and 99. 9 percentile of the RDA2 axis distribution scores; each column represent the averaged mRNA expression for French (FRA), hybrid (HYB) and French Danish (DAN) progeny (n = 58-60). Clusters were obtained using Ward method and 1-correlation as dissimilarity matrix GTPase pathway that regulates sperm motility. Furthermore, Kington et al. [62]  found high expression levels of proteins having an important role in sperm motility of C. gigas involved in Rho signalling pathways. Sperm motility is commonly used as criteria of male gamete quality linked with the fertilization success and therefore potentially favouring colonization of new habitats. Furthermore, Filamin-A [Genbank:CU686267], more expressed in Danish progeny, is an Actin-binding protein that participates in the anchoring of membrane proteins for the actin cytoskeleton and is involved in sperm morphogenesis in mammals  [63].
Finally, as cells protection against oxidative injury in marine invertebrates  [64] , Alternative oxidase (AOX, [Genbank:BQ426710]), more expressed in Danish progeny, may have a role in oxidative protection in gonads, and potentially in gamete quality. In females, the Molluscan insulin-related peptide 5 [Genbank:CU987248] was more expressed in Danish progeny. In mammals, the role of insulin pathway in fertility is well known  [65]  and in fish the insulin pathway has been positively associated to gamete quality  [66]. In C. gigas, an Insulin-related peptide receptor has previously been identified in oysters by Gricourt et al. [67]  as well as several factors of the insulin signalling pathway. Jouaux et al. [68]  found that insulin pathway elements can modulate germinal cells proliferation during food deprivation in the first stages of gametogenesis with expected consequences on fertility.
Acknowledgements The authors are grateful to  P. Favrel  for his support during the course of this work and as the supervisor of the "GametoGenes" project. We thank all the staff of the  LGPMM Ifremer La Tremblade , particularly  L. Degremont , conditioning oysters and producing progenies, and  J-B. Lamy  for revising R code. This study was conducted as part of the  ANR "Hi-Flo " (contract  n°ANR-08-BLAN-0334-01 ) and  ANR "GametoGenes"  (contract  n°ANR-08-GENM-041 ). LFJ was supported by a grant (grant number  2009-7. 40. 01/56103-0003 ) from the  Heritage Agency of Denmark.
Acknowledgments We thank  David Kohls , of  Battlement Mesa, Colorado , for collection of the insects mentioned in this report. Uta Kiel , Messel, drew the overview drawing of the holotype. Finnegan Marsh ,  Washington ,  D. C. , helped with the preparation of Fig 1. We thank  Sebanstian Büsse, Kiel , for making available the S1 movie of the extant coreid bug. This is contribution 299 of the Evolution of  Terrestrial Ecosystems Consortium at the National Museum of Natural History , in Washington, D. C.
13 events. However, as commented previously, the MJO phases are not equally distributed (see Table  2 ), and thus, in Figure  4  the days classified also as an active MJO event (red bars) have been normalized by the total active MJO within each phase (black dots) and shown as probability percentage values (light blue bars). Below the histogram, we show the corresponding composite fields for these events, constructed from the subset of cases that occur within 1981-2008 (Table  3 ). The restriction    3 ). Statistical significance at 95% is indicated for z500′/OLR′ by black dots/crosses. In Figures  4c  and 4d , the thick black lines indicate the waveguides inferred for the tropical and extratropical patterns. of the events to the last decades is due to the limited availability of the OLR data set, which starts only in 1974.
Discussions and Conclusions In this work, we have explored the modulation of intraseasonal SAT in Eastern Patagonia by the Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO). The study is based on long-term climate reconstructions, namely, the Twentieth Century Reanalysis (20CR) and the reconstruction provided by  Oliver and Thompson [2011]  of the MJO index defined by  Wheeler and Hendon [2004]  for 1905-2008, based on the SLP fields from 20CR. We complement our analysis with instrumental daily records of surface air temperature (SAT) from Eastern Patagonia, from which the majority starts in DJF 1957. Hence, an effort has been made to use the longest data sets available in order to extract robust relationships between them. We found that the intraseasonal component of instrumental SAT in Eastern Patagonia exhibits a signal induced by the active phases of the MJO.
Acknowledgments Twentieth Century Reanalysis V2 and Interpolated OLR data were obtained from the  NOAA/OAR/ESRL PSD Web site  (http://www. esrl. noaa. gov/psd/). The observational temperature data set was supplied by the  Argentinean National Weather Service. The authors thank the availability of the reconstructed MJO index calculated by  E. C. J. Oliver  and  K. R. Thompson  and provided by  Eric C. J. Oliver  on his personal Web page (http://passage. phys. ocean. dal. ca/~olivere/histmjo. html). M. J. C. acknowledges the  CLIMANDES  project  (SDC, Switzerland ) and the  BecasChile scholarship program  ( Comisión Nacional de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica de Chile, CONICYT ). C. V. and B. C. acknowledge the  ANPCyT   PICT-2010-2110  Project (Argentina). We thank  Alexander Stickler  and  Aldo Montecinos  for their useful comments,  Paraskevi Giannakaki  for the technical support, and  Brant Liebmann  and two anonymous reviewers, whose comments greatly helped to improve the original manuscript.
Method Participants Data for this cross-sectional study were obtained from the longitudinal Québec Survey on Seniors' Health (Enquête sur la santé des aînés [ESA]) conducted in 2005-2008. 27 The aim of the ESA study was to assess the physical and mental health of the French-speaking community-dwelling population aged over 65 years in the province of Québec, Canada. A sampling strategy based on geographic location and the random generation of telephone numbers was used to recruit the participants (N=2,759) in this study. The response rate was 76. 5%. The responses obtained came from 90-minutelong interviews administered by health professionals at the participant's home. These health professionals had earlier been given 2 days of training on the computer-assisted questionnaire, which is similar to the Diagnostic Interview Schedule, with its proven validity and reliability,  28  and which was adapted for older persons.
1, 29 The interview also included items on sociodemographic data and sleep. Some of the questions verified sleep-related behavior and cognitions, and these items were derived from the Dysfunctional Beliefs and Attitudes About Sleep Scale developed by Morin et al. 18  The goal of the study was explained to the participants, who then signed a consent form and received financial compensation of CAD $30. Participants with a score of less than 22 on the mini-mental state examination  30  were excluded from the sample. The participants were living in 16 different regions of Québec, Canada; they were all at least 65 years of age, and their mean age was 73. 8 years. Women represented 59. 0% of the participants, and 58. 1% of the seniors were under 75 years of age. Nearly 54% of the participants reported that they had no spouse, and more than 35% had a postsecondary level of schooling.
Discussion The first objective of this study was to identify the sleeprelated cognitions that the elderly most often deal with according to the presence or absence of a mental disorder. The beliefs "I need eight hours of sleep to feel rested and to function properly the next day" and "It's normal not to sleep as well when we get older" are the ones most frequently held by the seniors participating in our study. Overall, 56% of the participants said that they generally, very much, or totally agreed with the first belief, and 37% with the second. These beliefs were found just as often in asymptomatic older persons as in those presenting an anxiety or mood disorder. I need eight hours of sleep to feel rested "Totally disagree" or "agree a bit" "generally", "very much", or "totally agree" I should go to bed earlier at night "Totally disagree" or "agree a bit" "generally", "very much", or "totally agree" I should stay in bed and keep trying to sleep "Totally disagree" or "agree a bit" "generally", "very much", or "totally agree" normal not to sleep as well when we get older "Totally disagree" or "agree a bit" "generally", "very much", or "totally agree" I should stay in bed longer in the morning "Totally disagree" or "agree a bit" "generally", "very much", or "totally agree" having a lot of worries in my mind "not at all" or "a bit" "Moderately", "a lot", or "extremely" having a lot of thoughts in my head "not at all" or "a bit" "Moderately", "a lot", or "extremely" Being worried about the idea of sleeping "not at all" or "a bit" "Moderately", "a lot", or "extremely" A meta-analysis published in 2004 pertaining to the sleep of 3,600 individuals from 5-102 years of age has given us normative data on sleep duration and sleep latency for people of various ages.
Little is known about the relation between validated psychiatric symptoms scores and the entrepreneurial decision. Building on the Person-Environment (P-E) fit literature and using data of over 10,000 students, we test whether individuals with higher levels of attention deficit and hyperactivity (ADHD) have higher entrepreneurial career intentions compared to others. We find that students reporting higher levels of ADHD-like behavior (assessed with a symptom score on an ADHD screening scale) are more likely than their peers to display entrepreneurial intentions and become student entrepreneurs. This can be partly explained by their high need for independence and their risk tolerance.
Descriptive analysis In our data sample 89. 3% of the students want to work in wage-employment and 10. 7% aims to start a business directly after studies. About 70 percent of the students in the survey are undergraduate students and 30 percent are graduate students. With respect to the field of study, we see an equal distribution across 'Business and Economics' and 'Natural Sciences' students, accounting for 37. 8% and 36. 3%, respectively. The remaining 25% are students in 'Social Sciences'. Slightly more female (55%) than male students (45%) participated in the survey. The mean score on the ASRS-v1. 1 scale is 2. 57, which is below the minimum threshold level. Based on the binary variable 15. 6% of the students in our sample is screened positive for ADHD. Using the same scale for screening a sample of about 600 subscribers to a large health care plan in the US,  Kessler et al.
Despite this recognition, while there is data available in relation to the scientific side of the marine, socio-economic data is often scarce and/or incomparable across countries. In December 2007, the European Council endorsed the EU IMP, which brought together the different policy areas relating to maritime activities and the marine environment. The need for economic and social information on maritime affairs is made clear from the main objectives of the IMP, including the development of an economic and social database for 'maritime sectors and coastal regions' as part of the IMP Action Plan for 2008 -2010. A primary goal of the IMP is to construct a decision-making framework, involving national and local authorities and stakeholders of marine and coastal areas, to address a range of policy issues on marine and coastal resource management and monitoring, as well as issues related to the maritime economy and employment.
• Sea basin strategies The policies listed above each call for comparable economic data across countries, sectors and/or time. The Blue Growth strategy aims to harness the potential of Europe's oceans, seas and coasts for jobs and growth  (COM, 2012a). Blue Growth seeks to identify and tackle challenges (economic, environmental and social) affecting all sectors of the maritime economy (op cit). To identify and tackle these challenges, coherent, robust and reliable socio-economic data is required on all sectors of the marine economy. More specifically related to the collection of data, the Commission's Marine Knowledge 2020 aims to unlock and assemble data from different sources and facilitate its use  (COM, 2012b). As part of this strategy, the EU launched a long term marine data initiative called EMODnet (The European Marine Observation and Data network) that provides data access to marine data across discipline-based themes.
Of particular relevance to this paper is the Action Plan for a Maritime Strategy in the Atlantic Area  (COM, 2013a). Priority four of the action plan calls for the development of a marine socio-economic database across the countries. A further aim of the action plan is to support the reformed CFP by sharing information on tools that support fishery managers' understanding of the socio-economic and ecosystem impacts of management measures. As the CFP has been reformed over the years, there has been increasing recognition of the importance of socio-economic data related to coastal communities and fishing activities to inform policy. The framework for commercial fishing data collection and management has been in place since 2000 with Council Regulation (EC) 1543/2000. The most recent reform, which came into effect on January 1 st 2014, obliges member states to collect socio-economic data (COM, 2013c).
The MSFD also provides that the initial assessment should be updated every six years (Art. 17. 2 MSFD). Despite the clear recognition of the need for socio-economic data to inform marine policy and decision making, the majority of data collected to date in relation to the IMP, EMODNET and marine policy generally, relates to marine environment data. Eurostat reports demographic and tourism statistics (number of nights spent) for maritime regions. Some work has begun on the collection of socio-economic data across Europe but generally at the country rather than EU level  (Surís-Regueiro et al. , 2013). Some member states have gathered and reported on marine socio-economic data at a national level in order to quantify the size and value of their marine economies, see for instance  Pugh (2008) ,  Kalaydjian et al.