dataesr/scientific-paragraphs-categorization huggingface dataset:
Neuronal encoding of behavior To analyze encoding of behavior by the bulk activity of mPFC→dmStr projection neurons (based either on the photometry data or the summated cell activities for miniscope imaging) we used receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis. We considered three behavioral aspects: left vs. right turning direction and correct vs. mistake performance in choice runs, considered separately for left and right sample runs. We used the z-scored calcium signals for all expert sessions (>60% correct trials on 2 consecutive days), resampled to align them to the task phases. We also applied ROC analysis to the experimental data with pharmacological intervention (J&J12e correct vs. mistake; and J&J12e vs. vehicle; Fig. 4  and Supplementary Fig. 4 ). For each pair of trial types considered, we randomly selected 100 trials for each group (20 times repeated) and calculated the area-under-thecurve (AUC) for the ROC curve.
We performed this analysis for each time bin across the full time window of interest using a 3-point moving window. To test for significance of classification of the two trial types, we additionally performed the same analysis for data with shuffled trial labels. In the figure plots we show the mean ± s. e. m. of the AUC values for real and shuffled data (for each time point and considering the 20 draws). We used a Mann-Whitney U test (p < 0. 01) to evaluate the difference between real and shuffled datasets and test whether trial type classification was significant. To evaluate neuronal encoding on the population level, based on the miniscope data, we tested for each neuron whether in a given time window (task period or task phase) its mean activity was predictive of behavior (either for left/right turning direction or for correct/mistake performance in choice runs; ranksum test, p < 0.
Acknowledgements We thank  Stefan Giger ,  Hansjörg Kasper  and  Martin Wieckhorst  for technical assistance,  Lazar Sumanovski  for assistance in brain histology,  Ariel Gilad  and  Peter Rupprecht  for advice on data analysis. We thank  Yasir Gallero-Salas  for helpful discussions and  Philipp Bethge  for comments on the manuscript. This work was supported by a  Transfer Project  and an  IPhD Project  from  SystemsX. ch  ( 51TP-0_145729  and  51PHP0_157359 ; to F. H. ), and through a  Roche Joint Collaborative  Project. Further support came from the  European Research Council  ( ERC Advanced Grant   BRAINCOMPATH , project  670757  to F. H. ), the  Swiss National Science Foundation  ( 310030_192617  to F. H. ;  CRSII5-173721  and  315230_189251  to B. F. G. ), the  German-Swiss Research Unit "Barrel Cortex Function " ( DFG FOR1341 ,  SNSF 310030E-147485 ; to F.
Phase 1: Tool Comprehensiveness Although the scoping review data set is available elsewhere  [17] , the databases used as well as the inclusion and exclusion criteria are described in Multimedia Appendix 2. Figure 3  [17]  summarizes the selection process following the PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews)  [52]. We retained a total of 56 tools, 12 (21%) from academic literature and 44 (79%) from gray literature. Figure  4  illustrates the results of the mapping process that led to the first version of the tool. It shows how the 40 principles identified after systematically coding each tool are linked to the tool's premises, inclusion and exclusion criteria, and assessment attributes. After team deliberation, we revised 2 RIH premises and introduced 2 new ones ("AI for good is not automatically responsible" and "Relevance of digitalization").
We revised all RIH inclusion criteria and added a new exclusion criterion that covered 4 areas considered particularly problematic in DAI solutions ("Data reselling as the primary business model," "Deliberately deceptive solution," "Lack of cybersecurity and personal data protection," and "AI relying on biased datasets"). We revised existing RIH attributes and integrated 3 new attributes: "Human agency," "Interoperability," and "Data governance. " Finally, we adapted the RIH frugality and eco-responsibility attributes to account for both software and hardware that may be required to operate a DAI solution. Results of the mapping process leading to the first version of the tool. Graphic created using SankeyMATIC. Premises included responsibility is linked to the context of use, responsibility means aiming for collective benefits, AI for good is not automatically responsible, and digital literacies and Internet connectivity are "superdeterminants" of health.
This adaptation of the RIH tool responds to current knowledge on the environmental impacts of the ever-increasing energy demands of complex data computational practices, including the training of algorithms  [7] , and of the growing use of digital devices that consume rare-earth metals and have harmful end-of-life disposal outcomes  [64]. Given the numerous hardware components that may surround a DAI solution, the tool clearly indicates whether the attributes "Hardware frugality" and "Hardware eco-responsibility" apply (see the "Scope of the assessment" section in Multimedia Appendix 1). Hardware equipment should be included in the assessment when its raison d'être is to support the DAI solution and it is part of the minimal requirements for the solution to deliver its service. For instance, a finger sensor used to record an ECG using a smartphone fulfills these 2 criteria but not the smartphone.
Acknowledgments This study was funded through a peer-reviewed call for proposals by the  International Observatory on the   Societal Impacts of Artificial Intelligence and Digital Technology. Our research team benefits from an operating grant from the  Canadian Institutes of Health Research  ( FDN-143294 ). Our research center is supported by the  Fonds de la recherche du Québec-Santé. The funders of our study did not play any role in its design, conduct, or reporting. The authors would like to thank the research collaborators who provided them with insightful comments throughout the study:  Cécile Petitgand ,  Barbara Decelle ,  Jean-Louis Denis ,  Alison Marchildon ,  Margie Mendel ,  Catherine Régis , and  Philippe Després. Gabrielle Veilleux-Verreault  performed key knowledge synthesis tasks, shared important artificial intelligence ethics insights, and programmed the e-Delphi exercise platform (Mésydel).
20  Therefore, they are unaware of screening methods, risk factors, and symptoms that ultimately cause cervical cancers at an advanced stage. 9  Several literature reviews have suggested that the mean age of cervical cancer onset in Bangladesh is lower than in other Asian countries. This young age significantly affects the lack of cervical cancer information and awareness among girls in this nation. 8  This study found that most of the respondents were from rural areas, where the risk factors were weakened immune system, poor personal hygiene, nutrient deficiency, viral and genetic factors, obesity, and taking birth control pills for a longer period, which is similar to the results of a study conducted in rural and urban areas of North Bengal, India. 21  As cervical cancer symptoms, participants reported heavier or longer menstrual bleeding and bleeding between periods, strong vaginal discharge with a strong odor, pain during sexual intercourse, bleeding after intercourse, and bleeding after menopause similar to the results of a study conducted in Ghana, where qualitative data were collected from patients with cervical cancer in the Volta Region of Ghana.
5 and RNA libraries were prepared using CORALL mRNA-Seq Library Prep kit (Lexogen GmbH, Austria) according to manufacturer's protocols. After purification, the library was amplified using specific oligos (Lexogen GmbH, Austria) required for cluster generation to create the final cDNA library. Libraries were sequenced as paired-end 150 bp reads on NovaSeq 6000 (Illumina, USA) following prescribed protocols. Data analysis was performed using European Galaxy Server. In brief, FASTQ. GZ files were processed in FastP (Version 0. 23. 2)  [15]  using default set parameters except for qualified quality Phred Q30, and a minimum read length filter of 20 bases (Supplementary Table  S2A ). For each sample, about 40 million reads were mapped uniquely (Supplementary Table  S2B ). The processed paired-end reads were aligned to the zebrafish genome (GRCz11.
Developmental processes are greatly influenced by complex interactions between intrinsic factors i. e. , genetics and epigenetics, and extrinsic factors like maternal nutrition. We examined the dysregulated epigenetic regulators among the DEGs at 1-cell stage and identified 85 genes (comprising 43 upregulated and 42 downregulated genes; Supplementary Table  5 ) that had a human ortholog known to have an epigenetic function in the EpiFactor database  [21]. These genes included chromatin remodelers, histone modification writers/erasers/readers, RNA modifiers, etc. Among chromatin remodelers, ino80e, ctcf, bptf, ss18l2, ercc6, actr3b etc. , were upregulated and rai1, cul2, hmg20b, ctbp1, chd9, ncoa2, etc were downregulated (Supplementary Table  5 ). Notably, a group of genes involved in RNA modifications like mettl3, trub2, rsrc1, alkbh5, exosc6, and rbm11 were upregulated whereas sfswap, nsun6, celf4, and mbnl3 were downregulated (Supplementary Table  5 ).
Influence of B12 supplementation on DEGs in tcn2 -/-embryos at 24 hpf The transcriptome of tcn2 -/-embryos was compared to that of tcn2 -/-embryos supplemented with B12 at the 24 hpf stage (Figure  4A ). The analysis identified 422 DEGs, of which 237 were common to those identified in the 24 hpf KO/Wt dataset (Figure  4C  and Supplementary Table  S3A  & S3F). Except for the three DEGs, all the other 234 genes revealed restoration of gene expression akin to wild type levels suggesting a phenomenon of transcriptional reversion facilitated on B12 supplementation (Figure  4C  and Supplementary Table  S3F ). Functional annotation and enrichment analyses of those 83 genes which were upregulated in B12 supplementation but downregulated in non-supplementation were enriched in lens development in camera-type eye, and visual perception as the most significant biological processes (Table  1  and Supplementary Table  S4G ).
Acknowledgements We thank  Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Department of Scientific and Industrial Research (DSIR) ,  Ministry of Science and Technology, Govt of India, New Delhi  for financial support to ADV, SSN, MC, AU and SR. GRC conveys his sincere gratitude to  Science and Engineering Research Board (SERB) ,  Department of Science and Technology (DST) ,  Ministry of Science and Technology, Govt of India, New Delhi  for the award of  JC Bose Fellowship  ( JCB/2021/000042 ).
1c ) surrounding the camera. The camera is equipped with a global shutter, allowing acquisition of high resolution and high-speed images and avoiding distortion and blurring of the pupae in motion. These images are analysed in real time by a software programme that calculates the degree of melanisation of each individual pupa, based on user defined parameters. At the end of the channel an actuator flap controlled by a solenoid (Spark-Fun Electronics, model Mini push-pull Solenoid -5, ref:   1d ) sorts the pupae into the sorting drawers (Fig. 1h ) as either melanised or unmelanised (Figs. 1  and 2 ).
NIRPSS software The software for the sorter has been developed using the C ++ language using Visual Studio ver. 15. 7. 5 as Integrated Drive Electronics and OpenCV 3. 4. 2 as Visual Library. It analyses the frames captured by the camera under near infrared light. Each pupa is segmented from the background applying a "threshold" filter with a parametric value to the image. Subsequently a filter "Canny" is applied. For the serialisation, blobs are identified using a filter to find contours and cleaned. Large blobs are considered an agglomeration of pupae and are divided according to their dimension. Each pupa is tracked individually across the collection of frames where it appears (±90 frames for each pupa) using predictive position algorithms that take into account the speed of the conveyor belt and the lapse between frames.
The pupa has a different relative position (lateral, ventral and dorsal) in each frame, thus revealing a different melanisation pattern. In each collection of frames, a square of 35 Â 35 pixels in the centre of the pupa is analysed to estimate the degree of melanisation. The colour of the pixels in the NIR single band spectrum varies between 0 (black) and 255 (white). After the user defines a threshold below which a pixel is considered melanised (parameter T1 or pixel intensity), the software calculates the proportion of melanised pixels in each frame square. If the proportion of melanised pixels is above a second user defined threshold (parameter T2), the pupa is considered melanised in that particular frame. If the percentage of melanised frames is above a third user defined threshold (parameter T3 or melanisation index), the pupa is classified as melanised and potential female.
Statistical analysis Data from experiment 1 were analysed with R statistics package  [29]  with libraries ggplot2  [38]  and pROC  [30]. A ROC curve for male and female recovery rates was computed for multiple combinations of T1 and T2 parameters and optimal T3 threshold was calculated for each configuration. The data from experiments 2 and 3 were analysed with RStudio  [31]  using R software version 4. 1. 2. with the packages: ggplot2  [38]  and ime4  [4]. A generalised linear mixed-effect model fitted by maximum likelihood with a "binomial (logit)" family was used to analyse the flight propensity data, the emergence rate and proportion of flyers. For the flight propensity data, the emergence rate and rate of flyers were the response variables, the control and sorted groups were used as fixed effects, and replicates were used as random effect.
p. gambiensis pupae is on day 24 post larviposition, in pupae maintained at a constant temperature 24. 01 ± 0. 04 °C and 76. 65 ± 2. 82% R. H. Under these conditions, melanisation of some distinctive organs occurs in most female pupae, whereas male pupae remain largely unmelanised, except for the eyes. The shell of tsetse pupae is nearly transparent to near infrared light, allowing observation of the melanised organs of the pharate fly. The melanisation pattern of the pharate fly inside the shell is not homogeneous and its analysis depends on the relative position of the pupa. To overcome this difficulty, pupae are rotated along their longitudinal axis under a high-speed camera and a melanisation index is calculated by the software after analysing the collection of frames of each pupa in real time.
Acknowledgements. This research was funded by the  Joint FAO/ IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture. We would like to acknowledge the excellent technical support of the  Insect Pest Control Laboratory  technicians of the  Joint FAO/ IAEA Centre , who were instrumental in rearing the insects and implementing the research reported. The availability of tsetse flies at Scientica was supported by the  Slovak Research and Development Agency  under contract No. APVV-15-0604  entitled "Reduction of fecundity and  trypanosomiasis control of tsetse flies by the application of sterile insect techniques and molecular methods ".
In this study, to investigate the potential tsunami hazard at the northern tip of Sumatra, seismic reflection data were used to identify evidence of past submarine landslides. We collected detailed shallow bathymetric data of the area beyond the coast. This high-resolution bathymetric data were used to identify the fault traces and to evaluate the possibility of slope failure along the continental slope. The possibility of a submarine landslide triggered by earthquake shaking was examined through an analysis of the continental slope stability, and a tsunami caused by the combination of the earthquake and the resulting submarine landslide was simulated. The results indicated the characteristics of a potential landslide-induced tsunami and its potential damage. The predicted ground motion as a possible validation on strong ground shaking that could induce the submarine landslide is discussed in the discussion section.
Single-channel seismic reflection data From 1991 to 1992, single-channel seismic (SCS) reflection data have been collected along the western margin of Sumatra  (Malod and Kemal, 1996). These collected data include five seismic profiles offshore north of Aceh. In this study, we selected two profiles that cross the Seulimeum faults (i. e. , SUMII-32 and SUMII-33; Fig. 1b ) for further analysis. These data were originally recorded on paper prints. Those paper recordings were scanned and converted to digital images. All seismic traces were digitized and converted into the SEG-Y format for reprocessing. In the absence of any velocity information, these data were migrated using a water velocity of 1500 m s -1 to remove the effects of seafloor scattering. Due to digital conversion, the original seismic data has uneven trace amplitude with low-frequency noise artifacts clearly seen on some parts of the profile, so the main purpose of reprocessing is to attenuate those noises, while some post-stack image enhancement methods were also applied to further improve the seismic image.
Community-based bathymetric survey data The community-based bathymetric survey (CBBS) data used in this study comprise fishing boat track records from GPS sounders with data logging devices. The data include the date, time, depth, sea surface temperature (SST), boat speed, heading and geographical position  (Haridhi et al. , 2016; Rizal et al. , 2013). Data were collected from 45 local fishing boats in the northern Sumatra area, which had installed sounder equipment due to participation in a project supported by the Asian Development Bank (ADB) as an effort to rehabilitate the traditional fishing community after the mega earthquake and tsunami disaster on 26 December 2004  (Wilson and Linkie, 2012). The CBBS data collection was from June 2007 to May 2009 (23 months). A total of 6 170 648 data points from 922 data sets were collected.
The collected fishing boat tracks were employed to construct high-spatialdensity bathymetry with 20 × 20 m 2 grid spacing. To unite the bathymetric features and land features, topographic data from the Badan Informasi Geospasial of Indonesia (i. e. , both provided topographic data names DEMNAS and bathymetric data names BATNAS with 0. 27 arcsec and 6 arcsec grid resolution, respectively) were used  (BIG, 2018). BATNAS was resampled to match the grid resolution of CBBS bathymetry, whereas the original data resolution of DEMNAS was used. The reconstructed topography is presented in Fig. 4. The white dashed line in Fig. 4  indicates the boundary location of CBBS and BATNAS datasets with different resolution properties. The map covers the northern corner of Sumatra Island and the two branches of the SFZ (Aceh and Seulimeum faults), as indicated in Fig.
, 1996). To represent the effects of ground acceleration from an earthquake, Scoop3D models typically assume that earthquake loading is uniform  (Reid et al. , 2015) ; this assumption was also used in   Malod and Kemal (1996). This dataset is digitized from paper recordings that were scanned and converted to digital images. All seismic traces were digitized and converted into the SEG-Y format for reprocessing. Please see Sect. this study. However, in the absence of any supporting information other than detailed CBBS shallow bathymetric grid, other data such as the subsurface condition (i. e. , cohesion and internal friction) were assumed in accordance with the findings of  Dugan and Flemings (2002). Lee and Edwards (1986)  examined the seismic active offshore margins of California and southern Alaska and suggested that pseudostatic accel-eration between 0.
Simulation of tsunami wave propagation from earthquake and landslide sources The Cornell multi-grid coupled tsunami model (COMCOT)  (Liu et al. , 1995; Wang, 2009)  is a computer program applied for performing tsunami simulations. It simultaneously calculates the tsunami wave propagation and the inundation at coastal zones. In this study, the nonlinear shallow water equation was used to construct COMCOT. COMCOT can calculate the tsunami propagation from earthquake sources, submarine landslides and both phenomena. As described by  Wang and Liu (2006) , COMCOT has been widely used to model tsunamis generated by earthquakes and the mega earthquake and tsunami on 26 December 2004. To construct earthquake-source tsunami simulation input parameters, we used the magnitude scaling relationship of  Wells and Coppersmith (1994)  to convert the magnitude into the strike-slip fault area (RA) of an earthquake.
Acknowledgements. The  Body of Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam  and  Nias  coordinated the  CBBS  project with funding from the  ADB  (grant number  0002- INO Earthquake  and  Tsunami Emergency Support Project ). Haekal  A. Haridhi would like to thank the  Taiwan International Graduate Program (TIGP) ,  Academia Sinica  and  National Central University  for sponsoring his Ph. D study. We thank  Tedi Yudistira  for his effort to digitize the SUMI and SUMII single-channel seismic reflection data and Ifremer for access to this dataset, allowing us to fully use the results. We thank  Yu-Ting Kuo  at the  Institute of Earth Science, Academia Sinica  and  Danny Chan  at the  Institute of Geoscience, National Taiwan Ocean University , for their assistance in producing some of the figures.
Financial support. This research has been supported by the  Institute for Information Industry, Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan  (grant nos. MOST 108-2116-M-001-010-MY3 ,  MOST 108-2116-M-001-010-MY3  and  MOST 109-2119-M-001-011 ). This study was also funded by the  Ministry of Education and Culture of the Republic of Indoneia  under the  Resaerch Center of Universitas Syiah Kuala  within the  H-Index Scheme  (grant no. 169/UN11/SPK/PNBP/2021 ). Review statement. This paper was edited by  Maria Ana Baptista  and reviewed by two anonymous referees.
Code availability. The COMCOT version 1. 7 used in this research is currently not an open-source model but is available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request. GMT 5. 4 is available at https://github. com/GenericMappingTools/gmt/releases/ tag/5. 4. 5 (last access: 26 July 2022). Scoop3D is available at https://doi. org/10. 3133/tm14A1. Data availability. The data used in this study could be requested from the corresponding authors. Supplement. The supplement related to this article is available online at: https://doi. org/10. 5194/nhess-23-507-2023-supplement.
Figure2. Seismic sections of SUMII-32 that have been collected from 1991 to 1992 by Malod and Kemal (1996). This dataset is digitized from paper recordings that were scanned and converted to digital images. All seismic traces were digitized and converted into the SEG-Y format for reprocessing. Please see Sect. 3. 1 for detailed processing of this dataset. (a) The reprocess uninterpreted seismic profile with direction, shot point (SP) and offset (in meters) presented at the top of the profile. (b) Possible location of the Seulimeum fault. (c) Fan-shaped sediments.
8 nM. After the trimming of Illumina adaptors and primers and removal of low quality reads, CDR3 sequences were identified in IgHμ sequences according to the IMGT standards and definition  [36] , and transferred to a relational database. The frequencies of unique CDR3 sequences represented with at least two reads per 10 5 reads were evaluated. Cumulative frequencies (CF), i. e. the sums of frequencies of the 50, 100, and 500 most expressed CDR3 were calculated. The traffic of B cells was assessed by pairwise comparison of tissues or samples from the same tissue (DS and SM). CF of CDR3 sequences detected in both compared tissues or samples were calculated. The sequences were registered in NCBI SRA (PRJNA966774).