dataesr/scientific-paragraphs-categorization huggingface dataset:
More research is warrantied on the influence of different exposure assessment methods on risk estimates, in particular using long time-series. Such time-series should also try including trends in PM2. 5 composition to further refine the association between PM2. 5 exposure and risk of cancer, and evaluate the effects of composition changes. This study relies on very detailed epidemiological and environmental characterization, from a large population-based cohort with a 26-year follow-up. We could assess exposure for each available address and year and take into account all moves over the follow-up period. This ensured the most accurate exposure assignment considering our data (home addresses and annual concentrations of PM2. 5), a quite rare feature in the literature especially when studying the influence of the exposure assessment method on risk estimates.
Both exposure models provided spatial exposure contrasts. We used a time-dependent Cox model which controls for as many time-dependent covariables as possible, and took into account the possible bias linked to an aging cohort and the corresponding increasing cancer risk. These models estimated expected associations with all covariables (e. g. positive associations with smoking, negative with increasing fruit-vegetable intake). Like all similar studies so far, we have only obtained residential addresses, so we could not consider commuting or pollution at the workplace or in leisure activities. We also had no data on indoor air pollution. We obtained exposure data at an annual time-step, which should minimize misclassification since we focused on long-term exposure and took into account participants' moves.
The MATEX job-exposure matrix did not allow for distinguishing exposure to specific compounds such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon; yet adding these exposures would probably not affect the point estimates of the association between PM2. 5 and cancer incidence, as the estimated associations between cancer incidence and occupational exposure to carcinogens in this study were not statistically significant (Table  S3 ). Finally, we had to proceed to multiple imputations due to the missing data in the follow-up -since we adjusted for several covariables, the percentage of incomplete data was rather high in the final Cox model. But we used 10 sets of imputed data with good convergence across these 10 datasets, therefore we are confident in our results using the imputed data. To conduct our analyses, and to meet the proportional hazard assumption, we had to specify a time-dependent Cox model using cumulative exposure as main variable.
Acknowledgments The Gazel Cohort Study was funded by  EDF-GDF , and received grants from  CAMIEG (Caisse d'assurance maladie des industries électrique et gazière)  and the  "Comité de coordination des CMCAS". This study was supported by the  ARC French Foundation  for cancer research (OCAPOL,  CANCAIR-201501234 ). The authors want to thank  Sébastien Bonenfant  who reconstituted the residential histories of Gazel participants.
In particular, by dwelling on the circulation of rumours, we explore the dynamics of perceived exclusion as a central legacy dominating the project's afterlives. The article consists of two parts. The first part, which includes the first two sections, draws on archival material to present the rise and fall of the Mbarika pilot -first by identifying it within the context of the three Israel-led schemes around Mwanza, and second through focus on implementation in Mbarika proper. The second part consists of three sections in which we draw our ethnographic data to explore the ambivalences and ironies of conflicting narratives regarding the project's long-standing legacies. Focusing especially on local rumours and oral histories, we set these legacies within the context of topdown project design and, more tentatively, ex post facto reconstruction of narratives.
Acknowledging the quality of the village's cooperative, minutes from the meeting explain the decision using the following justifications: '(i) the area is limited and precludes much expansion (ii) it is distant from the other Agridev schemes, and therefore expensive to administer (iii) the farmers are of a high quality' (Israel National Archives). Debates ensued about what the project's termination would mean for Mbarika and how this transition should be carried out in practice. In particular, the project's cost-intensive agriculture implied a complicated transition, one that not only required the integration of well-trained locals into management positions, but also necessitated abundant yield returns to cover high running and maintenance costs. These high costs were acknowledged by one Agridev expert, whowriting about the Mwanza schemes in generalwarned that, 'if the farmers of our schemes will suddenly become fully independent, their income will be lower than that of farmers outside the schemes, who would have no machinery and irrigation system'.
Indeed, our two rounds of fieldwork took place at a time of tightening bilateral relations, at least on the formal-diplomatic level.  C O N F L I C T I N G N A R R A T I V E S Retrospective critiques of the Mbarika pilot can be set against the available data from the time including the narratives recounted by Agridev's experts in their internal exchange, shedding light on the project's many ironies. Probably the most explicit irony relates to the perception whereby the project was selfserving and that farmers were used as little more than cheap labour. Contemporaneous data shows that investment in the project's three sites was astonishingly high, with the Tanzanian government investing over , GBP in the project (equivalent of -.  million GBP in )costs that went towards the upkeep of the sites and part of the foreign staff's salaries.
. Archival data was collected from the Israel State Archives, where we identified  pages of material directly related to the Mwanza project. The majority of the material was written in Hebrew, and was translated into English by the authors. Additional archival search was done in Tanzania, where we consulted the records of the Catholic parish in Mbarika as well as the Tanzanian National Archives in Mwanza, Dodoma, and Dar es Salaam. In Dodoma and especially in Dar es Salaam, we found several documents associated with the project, but they did not shed light on the project from a local-Tanzanian perspective. Indeed, many of the filesall of which were written in Englishwere copies of documents already located in the archive in Jerusalem. We therefore limit our archival references to the Israel State Archives.
• For the concept of living standard: living standard/living wage/decent income/decent salary/minimum wage/minimum income standard/poverty line/decent living standards/decent living conditions/standard of living/sustainable livelihood. The queries were run identically for all the selected databases: Google Scholar (search engine specialised in academic research, which provides access to grey literature), EconLit (database specialised in human and social sciences), and Scopus (general scientific database). They combined all of the above keywords in English and were restricted from the 1990s to the present. In EconLit and Scopus, the keywords were searched for in the title, abstract, or keywords, while in Google Scholar only in the titles. After a quick first read-through, the corpus of references found was labelled and sorted in order to restrict the number of documents  [16].
The poverty line stands for FDT = 0. The representation of stakeholders is not directly surveyed and comparisons between countries are incomplete due to monetarisation. 2. Budget methods based on food/energy: These approaches were completed by  [18]  and are reduced to estimating coverage of food or energy needs. The most wellknown, the Food Energy Intake method (FEI), considers total expenditure (food and non-food) covering the recommended calorie intake. Here, the possible absence of monetarised trade for certain goods and services is no longer a limit. Hence, they have been applied mainly in Southern countries, e. g. , by the Indonesian Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS) from 1987 to 2002  [23]  but also in Kenya  [24] , in Mozambique  [25] , or in India  [26]. Dietary habits are taken into account before calculating the cost of calories or energy required via national surveys or other databases, but the representation of stakeholders is not directly incorporated.
2. Budget methods based on food/energy: These approaches were completed by  [18]  and are reduced to estimating coverage of food or energy needs. The most wellknown, the Food Energy Intake method (FEI), considers total expenditure (food and non-food) covering the recommended calorie intake. Here, the possible absence of monetarised trade for certain goods and services is no longer a limit. Hence, they have been applied mainly in Southern countries, e. g. , by the Indonesian Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS) from 1987 to 2002  [23]  but also in Kenya  [24] , in Mozambique  [25] , or in India  [26]. Dietary habits are taken into account before calculating the cost of calories or energy required via national surveys or other databases, but the representation of stakeholders is not directly incorporated.
Ces indices peuvent correspondre à la description de l'environnement immédiat de la victime, qu'il soit actuel ou passé ou de l'itinéraire suivi, par exemple. Nous présentons dans la section suivante le développement de l'interface de GASPAR qui matérialise les principaux concepts de l'OAC, ainsi que les liens avec les briques utilisant les ontologies OOR et ORL. C'est également la définition de la ZIR qui va déclencher un appel à la base de données contenant les objets du territoire afin de charger dans l'interface l'ensemble de ceux qui intersectent la ZIR.
Elle permet d'exposer des fonctionnalités de la base de données graphe Neo4J via une architecture web légère qui délègue la majorité des traitements de données au client web, excepté les traitements de données spatiales. Ceux-là sont mis à disposition sous forme de services appelés par une requête HTTP, et permettent, par exemple le rééchantillonnage de couche raster, la création de contours vecteurs à partir d'un raster, l'intersection de formes vectorielles. Cette architecture dite « REST », classique dans le monde du développement web, s'appuie également sur les services offerts par d'autres serveurs web (figure3). Il s'agit du service Ruitor (pour la spatialisation des indices en ZLC, et la fusion des ZLC en ZLP) et du service NERC (qui permet d'annoter du texte afin d'extraire les entités nommées étendues du discours du requérant).
Literature review Different tools and frameworks have been developed over years to ease this kind of ML-ABM by modelers. Some of them have been specifically made and used in the field of urban traffic as • SimMobility Lu et al. [61]  is structured in three components (long-, mid-, and short-term) and follows a multi-level approach based on the time aspect. Modeling aspects are distributed across the three components and brought together into a single database. • TraSMAPI (Traffic Simulation Manager Application Programming Interface)  [62]  is a system architecture integrating (with weak coupling) SUMO  [63]  and JADE  [64]  frameworks to build ML-ABM. JADE agents represent drivers (managing micro-behavior such as lane changing) that are linked to vehicles in SUMO (managing meso travel modes).
Data collection and analysis All data and Delphi scores were collected securely via the 'Nettskjema' platform. All fields were mandatory to avoid missing data. Participants entered their email addresses to avoid and identify duplicate entries. Data were reported using ranking orders, percentages and frequencies. A P-value <0. 05 was considered statistically significant. Statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS Statistics, Version 22. 0 (IBM Corp, Armonk, NY, USA) and Microsoft V R Excel V R , Version 2111 (Microsoft Corp. , Redmond, WA, USA).
Acknowledgements We would like to thank the  World Endometriosis Society  for contributing to the work on the long list and distribution of the survey. Carla Cressy ,  Alison Julien ,  Cherrelle Melton  and  Karen Havelin  for contributing with patient perspectives. Aleksandar Radulovic  for assembling a global list of national gynaecological and patient associations. Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) ,  Medicines for Women's Health Expert Advisory Group , he is an ambassador for the  World Endometriosis Society , and he received personal fees for lectures from  Hologic ,  Olympus ,  Medtronic ,  Johnson & Johnson ,  Intuitive  and  Karl Storz. M. H. is member of the  British Society for Gynaecological Endoscopy subcommittee. No other conflict of interest was declared.
Tools were scanned both using DLP projector laser scanner and Flexscan software v. 3. 3. 5. 8. (LMI technologies, Canada) transferred from the Fragmented Heritage Project (University of Bradford), or a NextEngine and ScanStudio software. The 3D models were processed using the AGMT3-D software v. 3. 1  (Herzlinger and Grosman, 2018; Herzlinger and Goren-Inbar, 2020). This is a data-acquisition procedure for automatically positioning handaxe 3D models in space and fitting them with grids of 3D semi-landmarks. Each point of the grid consists of two semi-landmarks, one placed on each face of the artefact, so that a 50 × 50 grid provides 5,000 landmarks. This protocol provides a list of landmarks that accurately express the artefact's volumetric configuration. It also provides a number of analytical tools and procedures that enable data processing and statistical analysis  (Herzlinger and Grosman, 2018).
First, we used the surface analysis and volume data to apply a quantitative approach to reduction intensity. The Scar Density Index (SDI,  Clarkson, 2013; Shipton and Clarkson, 2015a, Shipton and Clarkson, 2015b)  has been defined as the number of flake scars (greater than 10 mm in maximum dimension) divided by the surface area (in 2 ). In addition, the landmark data was used to calculate the degree of deviation from perfect bilateral and bifacial symmetries, as well as the edge section regularity of each item in the sample  (Herzlinger and Goren-Inbar, 2020). The bilateral symmetry analysis was conducted by measuring the mean 3D Euclidean distance between a mirror reflection of the landmarks placed on one lateral half of each object and the corresponding landmarks on the other half. The same procedure was performed for bifacial symmetry, but on the two opposing faces.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We are particularly grateful to the  Hebrew University of Jerusalem ,  Leore Grosman  and  Antoine Muller , who helped us with the AGMT3-D software management. The analysis has been done between the  Department Britain, Europe and Prehistory at Franks House (British Museum ), and the  Institut Català de Paleoecologia Humana i Evolució Social (IPHES-CERCA, Spain). We also thank editors and reviewers for all the revision and suggestions, which has highly contributed to improve the quality of this work.
FUNDING The contribution of PG-M is supported by a Beatriu de Pinós MSCA-COFUND (AGAUR). Besides, she also received a grant from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme as part of a Marie Sklodowska-Curie project, "Western European Acheulean project, WEAP" (Grant No. 748316). The University of Bradford and Adrian Evans, through the "Fragmented Heritage AHRC Project", lent us the scanner for part of the work. The latter has received financial support from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation through the "María de Maeztu" program for Units of Excellence.
Third, we applied an advanced econometric technique-a dynamic fixed effects (DFE) estimator-to an autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model, which helped us identify the short-and long-term effects of conflict and other regressors on development while dealing with both endogenous variables and fixed effects. Finally, to address the conceptual weaknesses in the traditional definitions of conflict, we employed a measure of conflict intensity as a proxy for the conflict variable. Specifically, we constructed this proxy based on data from the Uppsala Conflict Data Program (UCDP) Georeferenced Event Dataset (GED;  Pettersson and Öberg, 2020). Using these data, we derived the best estimates for the total number of people killed in conflicts, including civilians, combatants, and unknown deaths.
Concepts of conflict Although conflict is generally regarded as a collision of opposing parties, the concept of conflict has not been consistently defined. Ghani and Iyer (2010)  divided conflict into internal and external conflicts. Specifically, external conflict refers to interstate incidents (among countries), whereas internal conflict generally implies conflict within a state (for instance, civil war or terrorism) or people-to-people conflict (for instance, ethnic and religious conflicts, common violence, or crime). The Uppsala Conflict Data Program (UCDP)-the world's leading provider of data on organized violence and armed conflict-uses three categories of conflicts: state-based armed conflict, non-state conflict, and one-sided violence. The classification is based on the actors involved and the spatial and temporal locators of "battle deaths.
Data The data for this research were compiled from various sources. First, we measured economic development by using the per capita GDP (constant 2010 price in billions of US$). Meanwhile, we proxied social development using two indicators: life expectancy at birth (in years) and expected years of schooling. We drew the data for per capita GDP and life expectancy at birth, along with demographic information (population), from the World Development Indicators (WDI) database (World Bank, 2021a). We converted real per capita GDP and population into natural logarithmic forms for estimation at a later stage. We collected data on expected years of schooling from the Human Development Report  (UNDP, 2021). For the conflict variable, we used a measure of conflict intensity. Specifically, we used data from the Uppsala Conflict Data Program (UCDP) Georeferenced Event Dataset  (Pettersson and Öberg, 2020)  to derive the best estimates for the total number of people killed, including civilians, combatants, and unknown deaths.
Acknowledgements The authors would like to thank the editors ( Professor Sushanta Mallick  and  Professor Prasad Sankar Bhattacharya ) for their helpful comments, and we also thank the two anonymous reviewers for their insightful suggestions and careful reading of our manuscript. We are grateful to  Professor Tapas Mishra  ( Southampton Business School ) for his kind help proofreading the revised manuscript. The usual disclaimers apply.
Study Design and Participants A descriptive, cross-sectional, continent-based study was carried out to monitor adverse events following COVID-19 vaccination in Africans living in Africa and diaspora from April-June 2021. An online survey instrument was deployed for data collection from consenting participants recruited using a convenience sampling method. Inclusion criteria were being an African regardless of location, 18 years of age and above, and having received any of the COVID-19 vaccines. Those who have not received the vaccines were excluded from the survey. Participants who met the inclusion criteria were only eligible if they had access to an electronic medium with Internet capability. Physical and interviewer-based questionnaires were avoided to reduce the risk of contracting and spreading SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19.
Data Analyses and Statistics The collated public health surveillance data on adverse vaccine events were retrieved from the Google form in Excel format for sorting and coding. Categorical variables were presented as frequencies and proportions using descriptive statistics. Chi-square test and Fisher's exact test for 2 × 2 tables were used to test for statistical significance between variables and the demographic (independent) values. Variables considered included demographic characteristics such as age (categories), gender, educational attainment, community type (rural, urban, semi-urban), questionnaire items concerning adverse events, and subsequent reactions following vaccination. All the vaccinated participants were included in the adverse events' data analyses irrespective of the number of COVID-19 vaccine doses or type received.
The proportion of vaccinees who reported side events post-vaccination were calculated. Differences in severity between post-vaccination adverse events were compared to investigate the variability in different categories and between variables. The event of previous exposure to SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 and the consequence of adverse reaction was compared to the naive population. No adjustments were made for missing data, and all analyses used complete case analysis. p-values were two-sided, and analyses were carried out at 95% confidence interval using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software v. 22 (SPSS Inc. , Chicago, IL, USA) and GraphPad Prism 9. 0. 0 (121) (GraphPad Software Inc. , San Diego, CA, USA).
4% (n = 23), and menstrual disorder 0. 5% (n = 5). Perhaps an advanced, governmentbased, more robust real-time online data-capturing system for reporting continuous sentinel AEFI surveillance, instituted in different African countries, from which future data may be mined for analysis, may be necessary. Such a database may be managed by the Africa Union or its agency, the Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention, on behalf of the member states, similar to databases that exist in other continents.
Material and procedure The experiment included the same cancelation tasks as the clinical assessment, that is, the Bells and Letters test, presented on A4 sheets of paper. Beyond, the experiment comprised computerized touch screen versions of said cancelation tasks. Computerized testing was performed on a capacitive 27-inch multi-touch display (3M -M2767PW), connected to a laptop (HP ProBook 4740s with Windows 7 Professional). The touchscreen versions of the two tasks were custom created using MATLAB 2016b and Psychtoolbox (https://doi. org/10. 17632/ 6dzxs69j7d. 1). Computerized cancelation tests (touch screen -TS) were high-resolution versions of the original test images used for the paper-and-pencil version displayed in three different sizes: 260. 28 mm × 173. 52 mm ("TS small"; a tablet size as e.
Data analysis For comparing right hemisphere stroke patients' CoC performance in cancelation tasks across different formats (paper-and-pencil vs. digital) and display sizes (small, medium, large), we used Wilcoxon and Friedman tests respectively. To measure (1) search speed, we extracted a participant's total number of correctly identified items and divided it by the time measured between starting the test and marking the last item to assess the number of targets found relative to time (measured in seconds). For (2) search distance we averaged the Euclidean distance between every two targets found in direct succession to each other. While search distance was defined as Euclidean distance, a high degree of (3) search strategy, was defined by a pattern that keeps either the steps along the (assumed) x-or y-axis low and subsequently results in a row (a low distance on the y-axis) or column-wise (a low distance on the x-axis) search (for an illustration of the distinction see Figure  2 ).