dataesr/scientific-paragraphs-categorization huggingface dataset:
Subjects who received a reinjection were asked to complete a daily diary over 14 days to score each of the following local symptoms and signs: bruising; redness; swelling; spontaneous pain; pain on pressure; itching; or any other adverse event. These events were scored from 0 (absent) to 3 (severe). Practitioners contacted subjects by telephone approximately 72 hours after the injection and evaluated the subject face-to-face 14 days after the injection. The evaluation center recorded local tolerance data 30 days after the injections. Subjects were asked not to undergo any other injectable or cosmetic procedures during the entire study. The injector could recommend that the subject apply a simple emollient or hydrating cream to the face. The injector (on D180, D270, and D360) and an independent blinded evaluator at GREDECO (on D270, D360, and D540) recorded the 4 IGAIS scale (investigator GAIS) and the four Lemperle scale scores 10 : right and left crow's feet, and right and left nasolabial folds.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The study was funded by  Laboratoires FILLMED  (previously FILORGA MEDICAL). The authors acknowledge the assistance of Expert2Expert and the editorial support of  Mark Greener  and MedSense, which are also funded by  Laboratoires FILLMED. The authors thank  Jean-Charles Kerihuel, MD, Biostatistician  and Chief Executive Officer of the Société VERTICAL, Paris, who performed the statistical analysis. A special thanks to  Mr. Selatin Acar  and  Mr. Karim NADRA , whose contribution in this study was essential and deeply appreciated.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The authors would like to thank all those in the  NORA community  who contributed questions, expertise and enlightening conversation to this process. The  NORA Secretariat  are funded by the  Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety  and the  German Federal Agency for Nature Conservation (Bundesamt für Naturschutz)  through the  Federal Program for Biodiversity  and the  Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research  within the project  PROCEED  ( FKZ 3517685013 ). PSEzE is supported by The  Nature Conservancy, Global Ocean Team. WJS is funded by  Arcadia. JWPC is funded by  NWO Domain Applied and Engineering Sciences  under grant  14494. WGS is funded by  Glenmorangie and St Abbs Marine Station. ATL and ÅS are funded by  EU Interreg  ( MarGen II ).
Acknowledgements The authors acknowledge the financial support of the  Erasmus Plus  and the  IKY/ Erasmus+ Hellenic National Agency. They acknowledge the support of the administrative teams of the universities involved in PowerLaPs. They also acknowledge the support by computational time granted from the  Greek Research and Technology Network (GRNET)  in the National HPC facility ARIS under project  ID pr007020 LaMIPlaS-II. The IPPL, access point of the  National Research Infrastructure (HELLAS-CH, HiPER-ELI-LaserLab Europe and Iperion CH ), acknowledges the support by ' ELI-LASERLAB Europe Synergy, HiPER and IPERION-CH. gr'( MIS 5002735 ), which is implemented under the Action ' Reinforcement of the Research and Innovation Infrastructure ', funded by the  Operational Programme 'Competitiveness, Entrepreneurship and Innovation'  ( NSRF 2014-2020 ) and co-financed by Greece and the  European Union  ( European Regional Development Fund).
Acknowledgments We acknowledge the  European XFEL in Schenefeld, Germany , for provision of X-ray free-electron laser beamtime at the  Scientific Instrument HED (High Energy Density Science)  and would like to thank the staff for their assistance. The authors are grateful to the  HIBEF user consortium  for the provision of instrumentation and staff that enabled this experiment. This work was performed under the auspices of the  U. S. Department of Energy  by  Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory  under Contract  DE-AC52-07NA27344. R. W. F. acknowledges support for this work from the  U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Fusion Energy Sciences , award  DE-SC0018298. O. S. H. and O. K. acknowledge support from the  Oxford Centre for High Energy Density Science (OxCHEDS).
For example, the dairy farmers in Brittany very frequently had crop fields to feed their cattle, but in the current study they were classified into the 'livestock farming' group, even though, theoretically, they could also have been included in the 'non-food flora' group. Parameters studied. The data extracted from the coding of each file were: gender, age at the time of consultation, work environment (coded according to ISCO-08: 2007 International Standard Classification of Occupations), main diagnosis established at the end of the consultation (coded according to the ICD-10, 10th revision of the International Classification of Diseases), link (or not) between the disease and occupational exposure and the harmful substance identified as the cause of the skin disease. In cases where additional data was required in order to meet the objectives of this nosological survey, the occupational dermatology consultation files were examined.
Method of analysis. The software used was as follows: -Google Chrome ® and Internet Explorer ® web browsers; -RNV3P (an online data entry and collection tool); -Excel ® spreadsheet and LibreOffice ® (digital data processing software); -Word ® and LibreOffice ® (word processing software). For describing the study population, the qualitative variables were expressed in percentages. These variables were compared between the groups using a CHI² test. The quantitative variables were expressed as medians and means. Potential comparisons between these groups were tested using an unpaired two-sample Student t-test. The alpha level (α) was set at 5%.
Such criterion works as a liquidity filter (an important parameter for unsophisticated investors), without limiting too much the possible options for portfolios' formation. Stocks of companies under judicial or extrajudicial recovery, penny stocks, and Brazilian Depositary Receipts are not included in the IBrX 100. The daily historical composition of the index was obtained through the platform UP2DATA ON DEMAND, B3's online data trading store. Over the period evaluated, 177 different companies (214 tickers) participated in the IBrX 100 for at least one four-month period. The difference between the number of companies and the number of tickers occurs because of changes in trading codes over the years and also because both preferred and common shares of the same company may be selected to compose the index; moreover, at the same time.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We thank  Fedor Levkovich-Maslyuk  for collaboration at an early stage of this project. We are thankful to  János Balog ,  Johannes Henn ,  Shota Komatsu ,  Yang Zhang  and especially  Dmitry Chicherin ,  Sergey Derkachov  and  Enrico Olivucci  for valuable comments and suggestions. We also thank  Nikolay Gromov ,  Ivan Kostov  and  Konstantin Zarembo  for comments on the manuscript. The work of BB and DlZ was supported by the  French National Agency for Research  grant  ANR-17-CE31-0001-02. The work of DlZ was supported in part by the center of excellence supported by the  Israel Science Foundation  (grant number  2289/18 ). DlZ is grateful to the  Max Planck Institut für Physik and CERN  for the warm hospitality during the final stage of this project.
A relaxation probe can also measure conductivity, and the spectrum of ion mobilities  (Aplin, 2005) , from the rate of decay of the potential on an electrode. Given the wide bipolar conductivity range throughout the ice giant atmospheres, and the sensitivity of the negative conductivity to the poorly-known number of electrophiles, a wide-range instrument package is recommended similar to the Pressure Wave Altimetry (PWA) package on the Huygens probe. On the PWA a mutual impedance probe was sensitive to conductivities 10-11-10-7 and two relaxation probes covered 10-15-10-11 S/m  (Molina-Cuberos et al, 2001). The three instruments provide redundancy in the event of instrument or data transmission failure, as happened for the Titan descent. Conductivity instruments can be used to estimate the number concentration of ions and electrons and their mobility  (Aplin, 2005) , thus providing clues to atmospheric composition.
To detect and study this fine structure, measurements must be recorded with higher temporal resolution (e. g. 5-50 µs) and consequently coarser spectral resolution. Data can then be processed including a "blind" search by dispersion measure, as shown in Figure  3. As burst duration is likely larger than the temporal resolution of the observations and not much shorter than the dispersion delay, parametric de-dispersion followed by spectral integration over the entire bandwidth of the observations can be performed post-detection using a limited number of frequency channels in the dynamic spectra (500-1000), which greatly simplifies the processing. Burst detection including parametric de-dispersion requires a processing heavier than flash detection, but several times more sensitive. A processing pipeline could combine both steps, first averaging in time high resolution data to search for flashes, then zooming at high resolution to study their fine structure.
A major improvement to the confidence than can be given to any impulsive signal detection, and thus to the sensitivity of the observations, is to observe simultaneously with two or more distant radio telescopes of similar sensitivities. Besides UTR-2, the low-frequency radio telescope NenuFAR  (Zarka, et al. , 2012b (Zarka, et al. , , 2015) )  is at an advanced stage of construction in Nançay (France) and is already 75% operational. Its compact core gathers 1824 dualpolarization antennas ensuring an effective area from 83000 m2 at 15 MHz to 8500 m2 at 80 MHz (https://nenufar. obs-nancay. fr/en/astronomer/). The distance between UTR-2 and NenuFAR, over 2500 km, guarantees uncorrelated broadband interference environment (narrowband interference is easily removed by the data processing) and overlying terrestrial ionosphere.
Long-term observations are also important for these distant planets, as demonstrated in the telescope data sets of the planetary brightness discussed in section 3. As well as their slow seasonal variations, the ice giants, particularly Uranus, exhibit day to day variability and may also show annual or sub-annual cycles such as the ~30-year storm cycle on Saturn. Regular measurements over a long period of time are needed to capture the timescales of atmospheric variability. Unfortunately, the long-term brightness observations discussed in section 3 have recently ceased  (Lockwood, 2019). Other long-term observations of ice giant meteorology are needed, which could be either ground or space-based (such as on the Moon, or on an orbiting telescope or interferometer). Modelling of the cloud and aerosol microphysics in ice giant atmospheres is hindered by lack of data on the physical properties of cloud-forming materials in the relevant pressure and temperature range.
Acknowledgments We are grateful to  T. Damour ,  C. de Rham ,  A. Vainshtein  and  P. Vanhove  for some helpful conversations and comments. The authors acknowledge support by the  European Research Council  under the European Community's  Seventh Framework Programme  (FP7/2007-2013 Grant Agreement no. 307934 ,  NIRG  project) and by the  European Union 's  Horizon 2020 Research Council  grant  724659  MassiveCosmo  ERC-2016-COG.
CYP3A4 inhibitors are known to potentiate sildenafil, while sildenafil potentiates the hypotensive effects of nitrates and alpha-blockers. Sildenafil inhibits breakdown of cGMP through competitive binding at the phosphodiesterase binding site. It therefore influences platelet activation, proliferation of T cells, and production of proinflammatory cytokines, leading to a broad range of anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, vasodilatory, and other actions in many body systems  [100]. An ongoing phase 3 trial of sildenafil, 100 mg daily for 14 days, in patients with COVID-19 (NCT04304313) will help clarify its potential benefits in this disease  [101].
Renoprotective Effects Preliminary evidence suggests that the clinical efficacy of PDE5 inhibitors in CKD extends beyond antihypertensive effects to active renoprotection. In preclinical studies, PDE5 inhibitors suppressed mesangial cell proliferation and extracellular matrix expansion, reduced renal cell apoptosis, and decreased oxidative stress and inflammation  [107]. A post hoc examination of this class of medications in a randomized controlled trial also revealed improved kidney function and functional capacity, and a trend toward reduced mortality, in patients with PAH who received sildenafil treatment  [112]. Few, if any, clinical studies of PDE5 inhibitors in patients with acute kidney disease have been published. Ongoing clinical trials (eg, NCT04304313) will shed further light on this and may reveal information that could be applied in the treatment of patients with COVID-19  [101].
Dipyridamole Research aimed at assessing the therapeutic potential of dipyridamole continues. One ongoing phase 3 clinical trial (ClinicalTrials. gov ID NCT04410328) randomized patients (n=132) to receive dipyridamole ER 200 mg and aspirin 25 mg orally/enterally plus standard care or standard care alone  [113]. Researchers are also evaluating dipyridamole in two other ongoing clinical trials with a focus on determining the extent to which the drug can reduce excessive coagulation  [114]  and treat respiratory tract infection and circulatory dysfunction caused by SARS-CoV-2  [115]  in hospitalized COVID-19 patients.
If combined, consider lower sildenafil dose -even 12. 5 mg twice daily • Relevant trials: NCT04304313 and NCT04489446 a Demonstrated effects are: A -preliminary efficacy in COVID-19 patients; B -anti-inflammatory effect; C -antiviral effect; D -anticoagulant effect; E -cardioprotective effect; F -renoprotective effect; G -lung protective effect. b GERD: gastroesophageal reflux disease.
Potentially relevant studies were obtained in full text, and again, were independently assessed for inclusion by the same two authors. A third author was contacted (MJC) when disagreement persisted. One author (KS or CR) extracted data from each study using a predefined data extraction form, which included information related to characteristics of the population, interventions and definition of the outcome measures, details of design and results. A second author (JPB or GU) cross-checked all the extracted data. Two authors (KS or CR or JBP or GU) assessed the risk of bias of included RCTs using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool. [19] or data analysis, we grouped studies into three categories: chemoprophylaxis, mechanical, and mixed thromboprophylaxis. We intended to compare the effectiveness between each category using random-effects meta-analysis were possible.
3% with use of a variety of anticoagulant agents. However, they could not establish a clear relationship between the risk of bleeding and the administered agent. As a strength of our study, the search strategy included not only databases but also a review of references of previous related SR. Also, a detailed description of included primary studies, and a meta-analysis of incidence of events for each type of thromboprophylaxis. Among the limitations, 18 observational noncontrolled studies were included. The remaining 10 studies included a control group, either randomized or not, but the heterogeneous comparisons precluded to pool comparative data. Some of the studies were old (publication range 1984-2018), either retrospective and prospective. The inclusion criteria were often poorly defined (population, interventions) and the populations were heterogeneous.
The article counts are further scaled, standardized, and normalized with a mean of 100 to obtain the final index over a period from January 1985 to the present. Following the same method, the EPU indices for several other countries have been created. The daily fear indices for the same 13 countries have been collected from Thomson Reuters Datastream International. The data period and sample countries are selected purely based on data availability. Data on bilateral trade and trade openness came from IMF's database and World Development Indicators, respectively. Data on geographical distances, geographical proximity, colonial ties, and common language are obtained from the French Research Center in International Economics. We also use the financial openness index of Chinn and Ito  [27] , downloaded from their website (http://web.
CEPII Dist ij Is the physical distance (in kilometers) between the origin country i and country j. PII Trade ij Is the trade volume between origin country i and country j. It is the average for the period between 2011-2018. F's database Fin Openi Fin_Open Trade_Open i ,Trade_Open j Is exports plus imports relative to the GDP of the country. It is the average for the period between 2011-2018. World Development Indicators (WDI), World Bank [27] the financial openness index of the country, constructed by Chinn and Ito[27]. It is the average for the period between 2011-2018. http://web. pdx. edu/~ito/Chinn-Ito_website. htm.
Methods We conducted a longitudinal analysis of sport participation records for 8 major sports from 2015-2017, whereby individual participation within sports was tracked from 2015 to subsequent years 2016 and 2017. The data for this analysis were collected and analysed as a part of the longitudinal Sport and Recreation Spatial (www. sportandrecreationspatial. com. au) program of research and have been published in detail previously  (28, 35). The current study analysed data for registered players of 8 major sports: Australian rules football, basketball, cricket, football (Soccer), golf, gymnastics, netball, and swimming, between the years 2015 and 2017, who were aged 4-29 in 2015 and lived in Victoria. The base year for this study was 2015, where a participant must have been playing the sport in the rst year to be part of the analysis.
LiDAR and orthophotographs As part of the OCA, the French National Geographic Institute (IGN) regularly sets up airborne LiDAR campaigns covering the whole Aquitaine coastline. Generated DTMs are 1m horizontally gridded. They use the French official topographic reference NGF/IGN69. Datasets used in the present study cover years  2011, 2014, 2016, 2017 and 2018 , the latter being only used in the local analysis (Table  1 ). Apart from the 2011 campaign that took place after winter, all campaigns were conducted in autumn. It allows interannual comparisons and limit seasonal bias. All data sets were controlled using 1 550 D-GPS point measured in unobstructed and flat surfaces on hard ground, such as parking, sports grounds, and roads all along the coast (Ulvoas and Ayache 2019). Comparisons emphasises an error inferior to 20 cm and generally near to 10 cm (Table  1 ), meeting typical LiDAR accuracy.
To complete LiDAR data acquisition, synchronic orthophotographs were acquired and are used in the present study on the same periods. LiDAR is a commonly used method to survey coastal environments  (Doyle et Woodroffe, 2018 ; Saye et al. , 2005; Brodie and Spore, 2015). It can provide precise data on dunes topographic characteristics and their evolution. Several indicators can be defined  (Brodie and Spore, 2015 ; Hardin et al. , 2012)  and monitored at different time scales: event-scale  (Pye and Blott, 2016)  and pluriannual-scale (e. g. Le  Mauff et al. , 2018 , Nicolae Lerma et al. , 2019). The following analysis relies on various data processing that use GIS tools that will be explain in the following sections. Morphological parameters and geomorphological dynamics will be analysed at regional scale and regarded relatively to management actions.
, 2015 , Nicolae Lerma et al. , 2019). Consistent with the more recent LiDAR dataset analyzed at regional scale, the shoreline position in 2017 is used to represent the dune foot line. On its landward side, transition from the dune to the backdune area is defined as the "lee foot". Backdunes along the Aquitaine coast are generally composed by large flat areas covered with moss and grass or by a first line pine forest. This specific area at the back of foredunes is locally named "lette". As shown in Fig. 5  (b), the lee foot line is manually digitalized based on the combination of altimetric criteria (step 1), slope maps (step 2) and othophoto interpretation (step 3) following an iterative process leading to a semi-automatic detection (Fig. 5, b ). In case of no clear landward transition between dunes and the lee, cross-shore altimetric profiles are extracted to determine the most appropriate location of the lee foot position in 2017.
Morphometric parameters LiDAR data are used to evaluate morphometric characteristics of dunes. Fig. 6  explains the different parameters that are extracted to figure global dune morphology. They include: • Width (dW): for each transect, distance between the dune foot and the lee foot (in meters) • Mean height (dHm): for each box, mean dune height (in meters/NGF) • Max height (dHx): for each box maximum reached height (in meters/NGF) • Dune crest position (dR): for each transect, distance of the highest point from the dune foot (% of the dune width) • Lette mean height (lHm): for each box, a buffer-zone is created hundred meters landward from dune's lee foot position. Mean height values are extracted from the buffer using LiDAR data (in meters/NGF). Calibrated foredune dimensions (width and height) give a general overview of the dune shape.
Calibrated foredunes evolution mark and Aeolian effective sediment mobility Vegetated dunes are generally characterised by limited sand movements, making them relatively stable on the long term  (Hesp 2002). Sediment transport is often located on small-extended areas called blowouts. These depressions cutting the dune front (frontal blowout) or located on the dune ridge evolve at different timescales depending on wind forcing, location and form of the deflation basin, potential vegetation recolonization and management actions. An inventory of geomorphologic features reflecting sediment mobility by wind driven processes is realised using orthophotos and LiDAR data from 2017 (Fig. 7 ). It includes detection of (  1 ) blowouts on the dune front and (2) depositional lobe on the lee. Features maximum width are measured and added into a database.
Regional analysis A total of 1925 boxes and transects are used to extract data as described above. Results are organised using basic statistic parameters such as standard deviation and equal distribution. They show a large range of values for every considered parameter but several clusters are observable and geographic distribution of calibrated foredunes morphometric characteristics are close to the sedimentary cell division (Fig. 8 ). At the regional scale, except for some local areas described further on (e. g. North and South extrem end or Arcachon lagoon pass), the mean dune height is similar along the coast ( =  The dune crest position (dR) is analysed to complete this morphological investigation (Table  2 ). It is often located close to the dune front in Gironde (usually within the first quarter of dune width starting from the dune foot) whereas its position is closer to the back of the dune in the Landes, meeting the ideal profile's characteristics.
Effects, condition and limits of management strategies As this study aims to connect management practices with dune morphodynamics, the analysis of ONF's management database underlines the interest of having information on human actions in dune evolution studies. In fact, few studies integrate such parameters in their work on dune systems  (Arens and Wiersma, 1994)  and comparison between morphological features  (Hesp 2002 , Doyle et al. , 2019)  and management actions is not straightforward. Morphological evolutions of initiated gullies and blowouts are highly complex and uncertain over time  (Carter et al. , 1990; Hesp and Hyde 1996; Hesp 2002). They depend on many intrinsic factors (outerinner bar/beach/dune morphologies and sediment availability, vegetation cover and dynamism, water table level …) and extrinsic factors (sediment supply, wave and wind forcing, fauna and human activity …).