dataesr/scientific-paragraphs-categorization huggingface dataset:
The present study provides distributional data and taxonomic identification, at the lowest possible level, of bryozoans collected during 13 scientific expeditions of the PNRA in the Ross Sea and the Magellan Strait. These data are combined with previous literature checklists for the area with the aim of providing an updated checklist for Terra Nova Bay and distributional data for all the available vouchers. All bryozoan specimens reported in this paper are stored at the MNA and at the museum of the IPOP in Catania (Figure  1 ). This dataset is the sixth MNA contribution to the Antarctic Biodiversity Portal, the thematic Antarctic node for both the Ocean Biogeographic Information System (AntOBIS) and the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (ANTABIF) (http://www. biodiversity. aq). Previous contributions on Mollusca, Tanaidacea, Fungi, Ophiuroidea and Porifera were respectively published in  Ghiglione et al.
Project description Project title: Antarctic Bryozoa in the collection of the Italian National Antarctic Museum (MNA) Curator and Promoter: Stefano Schiaparelli Personnel:  Matteo Cecchetto, Chiara Lombardi, Simonepietro Canese, Silvia Cocito, Piotr Kuklinski, Claudio Mazzoli, Stefano Schiaparelli  Funding: The Bryozoa specimens were collected during 13 different Antarctic expeditions conducted from 1988 to 2014 and 18 research projects funded by the PNRA listed below (with the project name or category under the PNRA program in italic, followed by the project code, the expedition number and the corresponding years): -Necton e risorse da pesca 2. Design: Data were assembled by revising all the distributional records of the specimens stored in the MNA collections (section of Genoa, Italy) and in the museum of the IPOP in Catania.
Sampling The distributional data of Bryozoa, here illustrated, came from different research expeditions, conducted between 1988 and 2014, and include 75 sampling stations, located between 18 and 711 metres of depth (Figs 2-5). Sampling was performed by using a variety of methods and gears such as dredges (Charcot dredge, Naturalist dredge, Triangular dredge, and Picard dredge), Van Veen grabs of different volumes and, for opportunistic sampling, fishing long lines, mid-water trawls (that accidentally touched the bottom due to a failure of the winches providing additional material), trammel nets and other fishing nets. In addition, during the XXV PNRA expedition, some samples    7 ). Images of bryozoan colonies were also obtained through ROV video transects performed during the XXIX expedition, and subsequently identified at least to the genus level (Figure  7 ).
Quality control Once at the MNA, all specimens were classified at the lowest possible taxonomic level; only those that were classified at least to genus level were included in the present dataset. Several researchers contributed in classifying the specimens, and the last taxonomic revision of the MNA bryozoan collection was conducted in the past two years by Chiara Lombardi, Silvia Cocito, and Piotr Kuklinski. During all phases of sorting, classification and storage of samples at the MNA, quality control and data cleaning have been undertaken at various stages in order to produce high quality data, and make consistent cross-references between the database and samples' labels. The MNA (www. mna. it) uses the R-Shiny web application (https://steu. shinyapps. io/MNA-generale/) to manage and show its collections, and a Microsoft SQL database (Specify 6) to link all the data (photos, glass slides, etc.
Taxonomic coverage The present dataset reports distributional data on bryozoan specimens belonging to the classes Stenolaemata and Gymnolaemata collected in the Ross Sea and in Magellan Strait. It includes a total of 311 specimens corresponding to 282 MNA vouchers and belonging to 127 morphospecies. Out of these, 100 were classified to species level and 27 to genus level, representing three orders and 34 families  (Figs 8, 9). Considering only the records collected in the Terra Nova Bay area, 41 species (62. 12%) were already known for the area, whereas 25 are new records, out of which 23 (34. 85%) are classified at species level and two (3. 03%) at the genus level. These new records are annotated by 'NR' immediately after the species name in the Checklist. By merging previously published records (i.
Old bryozoan names and synonyms were cross-checked in Bryozoa. net (Indexes to bryozoan taxa http://www. bryozoa. net/indexes. html) and WoRMS (World Register of Marine Species; http://www. marinespecies. org; last accessed 20 April 2018). Whenever necessary, taxonomic updates were applied to our checklist. The updated and detailed checklist is reported below. Specimen preservation method: Part of the old collection was initially fixed in 4% formalin and then transferred in 70% ethanol. Samples collected from 2002 onwards were directly fixed in ethanol (99%) for molecular studies or air-dried. Bryozoan MNA vouchers are now preserved in 90% ethanol (~38% of the entire collection) or dried (~62%). Database virtual collection of vouchers and 3D-models: 3D-models of four Antarctic bryozoans  were obtained from four specimens through micro-CT imaging performed at the Department of Geosciences (University of Padua) by CM.
Acquisitions were performed using a bench-top Skyscan 1172 micro-CT system (Bruker), equipped with a Hamamatsu 100/250 microfocus X-ray source and a Hamamatsu C9300 11 megapixel camera (with a pixel size of 8. 68 μm) filtered by a 0. 5 mm Aluminium foil. Projection images were acquired with 70 kV source voltage, 141 μA current, 540 ms exposure time, 2×2 binning mode, 0. 25° rotation step over 360°, averaged over 12 frames and in vertical random movement mode to minimise noise, providing an image pixel size of about 9 μm. Two connected scans were necessary to comprise the whole sample height. The run time for each sample was about 400 minutes. Post-acquisition reconstruction was performed using the NRecon (Bruker mi-croCT) software package, starting from raw projection images, and applying thermal correction, misalignment compensation, ring artefact reduction and beam hardening correction.
Segmentation was then performed with CT Analyser (Bruker microCT) software package, using a 3D-adaptive thresholding procedure (mean of minimum and maximum value) within spherical kernels of radius 8 pixels, starting from a predetermined pre-thresholding value. Resulting images were saved as monochrome (1 bit) bitmaps and imported in the CTVox (Bruker microCT) software package to perform 3D-rendering and animations. The model will be available on the MNA web site (www. mna. it) and on Sketchfab (https://sketchfab. com/MNA). Hastingsia irregularis  Borg, 1944 (MNA 10490, Figure 11 ) belongs to the Cyclostomatida, the only extant order of the class Stenolaemata, whose species are widely spread from all over the world, including the Antarctic Region. The scarce knowledge of cyclostome species for the Ross Sea, compared to cheilostomes, is attributable to the complex taxonomy of the group, which has been studied partly by  Borg (1944)  and  Androsova (1968)  but not for the Ross Sea or continent as a whole.
Dataset metadata: This dataset contains data on the phylum Bryozoa, represented by two classes and three orders in the Ross Sea, with focus on Terra Nova Bay, and the Magellan Strait. The present dataset has been formatted in order to fulfil the Darwin Core standard protocol required by the OBIS scheme (http://www. iobis. org/manual/lifewatchqc/) and according to the SCAR-MarBIN Data Toolkit (available at http://www. scarmarbin. be/documents/SM-FATv1. zip). The dataset was uploaded and integrated with the.
Acknowledgements We would like to acknowledge the  Italian National Antarctic Program (PNRA)  for funding and logistic support of the Italian scientific expeditions and the  Italian national Antarctic Museum (MNA)  for funding. The  PNRA  project  GEOSMART  ( 2013/ AZ2. 06 ,  PI Paolo Montagna)  is acknowledged for the ROV images. C. L. would like to thank the  Centre for Polar Studies of the Institute of Oceanology  (the  Polish Academy of Science Sopot, Poland, IOPAS)  for the 'Visiting Professorship' supporting taxonomic studies;  Dr Paul D. Taylor ,  Dr Andrey Ostrovsky ,  Dr Hans De Blawe , and  Peter Batson  for their support in taxonomic identification. The authors would also like to thank the reviewer  Blanca Figuerola  and the subject editor  Dennis Gordon  for their comments and corrections to the first draft of the manuscript.
mawsoni, Larvapora sp. , Melicerita digeronimoi, Melicerita obliqua, Micropora brevissima, Micropora sp. , Nematoflustra flagellata, Notoplites antarcticus (NR), Notoplites drygalskii, Notoplites sp. , Notoplites tenuis, Orthoporidra compacta (NR), Orthoporidra sp. , Osthimosia bicornis, Osthimosia cf. clavata, Osthimosia cf. curtioscula, Osthimosia clavata (NR), Osthimosia mariae (NR), Osthimosia sp. , Pemmatoporella marginata, Plesiothoa calculosa, Polirhabdo- Taxonomic ranks Temporal coverage of dataset Kingdom: Animalia PNRA III Exp: 5 January -28 January 1988 Phylum: Bryozoa PNRA V Exp: 24 December 1989 -3 January 1990 Class: Stenolaemata PNRA VI Exp: 24 February -3 March 1991 Order: Cyclostomatida PNRA XI Exp: 22 October 1995 -2 February 1996 Families: Cerioporidae, Crisiidae, Frondiporidae, Hastingsiidae, Horneridae, Li-PNRA XIII Exp: 21 February 1998 chenoporidae, Oncousoeciidae, Tubuliporidae PNRA XIV Exp: 25 January 1999 Genera: Bicrisia, Crisia, Disporella, Fasciculipora, Hastingsia, Hornera, Idmidronea, Ne-PNRA XVII Exp: 4 -29 January 2002 ofungella, Oncousoecia, Tubulipora PNRA XVIII Exp: 31 January -18 February 2003 PNRA XIX Exp: 20 February 2004 PNRA XXV Exp: 10 December 2009 -11 January 2010 PNRA XXVII Exp: 28 January -3 February 2012 PNRA XXIX Exp: 16 January -1 February 2014 Description of selected species Parent collection identifier: Italian National Antarctic Museum (MNA, section of Genoa, Italy) Collection name: Bryozoa collection of the Italian National Antarctic Museum Species: Genera: Adelascopora, Adeonella, Aimulosia, Alcyonidium, Amastigia, Amphiblestrum, Spatial coverage of dataset (MNA) Andreella, Antarcticaetos, Arachnopusia, Austroflustra, Beania, Bostrychopora, Buf-General geographic description: fonellodes, Caberea, Camptoplites, Carbasea, Cellaria, Cellarinella, Cellarinelloides, Celleporella, Dakariella, Dendroperistoma, Ellisina, Eminooecia, Escharella, Exal-Ross Sea, Antarctica (Figs 2-4) and the Magellan Strait (Figs 2, 5) lozoon, Exochella, Favosthimosia, Fenestrulina, Flustra, Himantozoum, Hippothoa, Isoschizoporella, Isosecuriflustra, Klugeflustra, Klugella, Kymella, Lageneschara, Larva-Coordinates: pora, Melicerita, Micropora, Nematoflustra, Notoplites, Orthoporidra, Osthimosia, Pemmatoporella, Plesiothoa, Polirhabdotos, Reteporella, Smittina, Stephanollona, PNRA III expedition: -74.
, 2016). GLODAPv2 lacks coverage in the Gulf of Mexico, so for core tops in this location, we rely on bottle data collected as part of the second Gulf of Mexico and East Coast Carbon Cruise (GOMECC-2) in 2012 (data publicly available from http://www. aoml. noaa. gov/ocd/gcc/GOMECC2) and use the MATLAB implementation of  CO2SYS (v1. 1, Van Heuven et al. , 2011)  to compute pH and calcite Ω from measured values of alkalinity, dissolved inorganic carbon, salinity, temperature, pressure, silicate, and phosphate. We used the Mehrbach K1 and K2 constants, as refit by  Dickson and Millero (1987).
Engineering to J. T. We thank Dr. David Evans, Dr. Jennifer Hertzberg, and one anonymous reviewer for valuable comments that improved the manuscript. BAYMAG code (in MATLAB) is available on GitHub (https://github. com/jesstierney/ BAYMAG). Compiled core top, culture, and Mg/Ca of seawater data are available in the Supporting Information, as well as online in the Pangaea database (https://doi. pangaea. de/10. 1594/PANGAEA. 908097).
1220872110Bijl, P. K. , Schouten, S. , Sluijs, A. , Reichart, G. -J. , Zachos, J. C. ,  & Brinkhuis , H. (2009). Early Palaeogene temperature evolution of the southwest Pacific Ocean. Nature ,  461 ,  776-779. https://doi. org/10. 1038/nature08399Boussetta, S. , Kallel, N. , Bassinot, F. , Labeyrie, L. , Duplessy, J. -C. , Caillon, N. , et al. (2012). Mg/Ca-paleothermometry in the western Mediterranean Sea on planktonic foraminifer species Globigerina bulloides: Constraints and implications. Comptes Rendus Geoscience,  344 ,  267-276. https://doi. org/10. 1016/j. crte. 2012. 02. 001Boyer, T. P. ,  J. I. Antonov ,  O. K. Baranova ,  C. Coleman ,  H. E. Garcia ,  A. Grodsky , et al. nd et al. (2013), World ocean database 2013,  Tech. rep. , NOAA,  Silver Spring, MD. Boyle ,  E. ,  & Keigwin , L.
3 µM, Table  1  (Eurofins MWG Operon, Ebersberg, Germany) in a final volume of 10 µL. Amplification was carried out on a LightCycler 480 (Roche): denaturation step at 95 • C for 10 min and 40 cycles of 95 • C for 15 s, 60 • C for 30 s. Specificity of the primers was controlled. The GeNormTM freeware (http://medgen. ugent. be/-jvdesomp/genorm/) was used to choose GAPDH and ACTB, as the most stable housekeeping genes. The relative transcript quantity (Q) was determined by the delta Cq method: Q = E(Cq min in all the samples tested -Cq of the sample), where E is related to the primer efficiency (E = 2 if the primer efficiency = 100%). Relative quantities (Q) were normalized using the multiple normalization method  (Vandesompele et al. , 2002). Q normalized = Q/(geometric mean of the stable housekeeping genes Q).
Samples were centrifuged at 4 • C for 10 min at 10,000 g and prepared as per the manufacturer's recommendations using a Bio-Plex Pro wash station (Bio-Rad, Hercules, CA). No sample dilution was performed. Quantification of growth factors was performed on a Magpix apparatus (Bio-Rad) and analyzed with the Bio-Plex Manager Version 3. 0 software (Bio-Rad). Appropriate media were used as control and to determine the background. Background subtraction was performed with appropriate media depending on the sample, N = 2, n = 2. N represents one independent experiment done at one moment using 375,000 MIAMI cells adhered to 0. 5mg of PAMs for each condition tested, n is the number of samples for each condition.
MIAMI E/F Cell Commitment into GABAergic-Like Neurons The GABA-like progenitors were exposed to Valproic acid (VPA) from Day 14 for seven days and BDNF from Day 21 for seven more days or during 15 days to VPA and BDNF in the same time, without SHH (Figure  4A ) in order to obtain GABAergic-like neurons. At this step, no morphological change was observed between cells transfected with siCtrl or siREST, but the cells differentiated using VPA and BDNF in the same time exhibited longer neurite-like structure than the cells receiving the protocol using VPA and then BDNF (data not shown). In the same way, the expression of GABA markers detected by RT-qPCR (Figure  4B ) is higher with the protocol using VPA together with BDNF compared to the sequential protocol (VPA then BDNF). At the end of the differentiation period, a low expression of Dlx2 and REST was detected by RT-qPCR (data not shown).
Moreover, the inhibition of REST had no effect on the expression of GABAergic neuron markers with a tendency to be diminished for GAD67. The majority of the GABA-like neurons were positive β3-tubulin and some for DARPP32, GAD 67 and GAT1 after immunofluorescence, a feature of medium spiny neurons (Figure  4C ). change was observed between cells transfected with siCtrl or siREST, but the cells differentiated using VPA and BDNF in the same time exhibited longer neurite-like structure than the cells receiving the protocol using VPA and then BDNF (data not shown). In the same way, the expression of GABA markers detected by RT-qPCR (Figure  4B ) is higher with the protocol using VPA together with BDNF compared to the sequential protocol (VPA then BDNF). At the end of the differentiation period, a low expression of Dlx2 and REST was detected by RT-qPCR (data not shown).
Acknowledgments: The authors thank the  SCAHU (Service commune  d'animalerie hospital-universitaire), particularly  Pierre Legras  and  Jérôme Roux  for animal care, the  SCIAM ("Service Commun d'Imageries et d'Analyses Microscopiques") of Angers  for the confocal microscopy as well as the  PACeM (Plateforme d'Analyse Cellulaire et Moléculaire) of Angers  for the use of PCR facilities. We also wanted to thank  Professor Paul C. Schiller  for helpful critiques in experiments. This project is supported by the " Education Audiovisual " and the executive cultural agency of the  European Union  through the  NanoFar Erasmus Mundus joint Doctoral program , by " Angers Loire Métropole " and by "la  Région Pays de La Loire grant name MECASTEM" & "Inserm", France.
104 ± 0. 001 for d = 100 and R d x 2 i π(x)dx ≈ 0. 032 ± 0. 001 for d = 1000. Because of lack of space, we only display some boxplots in Figures  1 to 4. The Python code and all the figures are available at https://github. com/nbrosse/TULA. We remark that TULA, TULAc and to a lesser extent, TMALA and TMALAc, have a stable behavior even with large step sizes and starting far from the origin. This is particularly visible in Figures  2  and 4  where ULA diverges (i. e. lim inf k→+∞ E [ X k ] = +∞) and MALA does not move even for small step sizes γ = 10 -3. Note however the existence of a bias for ULA, TULA and TULAc in Figure  3. Finally, comparison of the results shows that TULAc is preferable to TULA. Note that other choices are possible for G γ , depending on the model under study. For example, in the case of the double well, we could "tame" only the superlinear part of ∇U , i.
We sequenced coding regions of the cluster of differentiation 36 (CD36) gene in 184 French individuals of European ancestry presenting simultaneously with type 2 diabetes (T2D), arterial hypertension, dyslipidemia, and coronary heart disease. We identified rare missense mutations (p. Pro191Leu/ rs143150225 and p. Ala252Val/rs147624636) in two heterozygous cases. The two CD36 mutation carriers had no family history of T2D and no clustering of cardio-metabolic complications. While the p. Pro191Leu mutation was found in 84 heterozygous carriers from five ethnic groups from the genome aggregation database (global frequency: 0. 0297%, N = 141,321), only one European carrier of the p. Ala252Val mutation was identified (global frequency: 0. 00040%, N = 125,523). The Pro191 and Ala252 amino acids were not conserved (74.
identification of the CD36 p. Pro191Leu and p. Ala252Val mutations in the French Exome (FREX) project. We then investigated the prevalence of the p. Pro191Leu and p. Ala252Val mutations in the FREX database. Individuals recruited in the FREX project are healthy, French adults and hence, can be used as controls to compare the relative frequency of the two identified mutations with our 184 French cases, with limited risk of bias due to population stratification  25. One heterozygous p. Pro191Leu mutation carrier was identified among the 566 French control individuals from the FREX project (MAF: 0. 088%, Table  2 ). In contrast, the p. Ala-252Val mutation was not observed in the FREX project. A non-significant enrichment in p. Pro191Leu and p. Ala-252Val mutations was observed in the French probands within our study, as compared to the control individuals from FREX (cumulative frequency: 0.
Identification of the CD36 p. Pro191Leu and p. Ala252Val mutations in the Genome Aggregation Database (gnomAD). We then investigated the prevalence of the p. Pro191Leu and p. Ala252Val mutations in the gnomAD database. GnomAD, to our knowledge, is the largest multiethnic, whole-genome/whole-exome   2 ). Investigation of the prevalence of the p. Pro191Leu in the control group of gnomAD (i. e. samples from individuals who were not selected as a case in a case/control study of common disease) revealed 33 heterozygous p. Pro191Leu mutation carriers in all represented ethnic groups (30 from exomes and 3 from genomes) including 18 in Europeans (18/31,413; MAF: 0. 029%), 2 in South Asians (2/7,845; MAF: 0. 013%), 3 in East Asians (3/4,972; MAF: 0. 030%), 5 in Africans/African Americans (5/4,868; MAF: 0.
Two molecules of palmitate were therefore modelled into the electron densities observed within an internal 'Y'-shaped hydrophobic cavity. The internal cavity has three portals, two distal and one proximal to the amino (N) and carboxy (C)-termini that presumably extend into the transmembrane, and which suggest that the receptor could facilitate lcFA translocation by facilitated diffusion  29. Interrogation of this structural model (pdb: 5lgd) showed that Pro191 is located at the carboxyl-end of α-helix 8  (Fig. 5 ) where its role is to break this helix to allow the following loop region to form the wall of the portal leading into the cavity. Leucine, unlike proline, is not a helix breaker therefore this portal will not be properly formed and may prevent entrance or exit to the lcFA chamber.
Our assumption was that these 'super' cases, with severe cardiometabolic disease profiles, may be significantly enriched in rare loss-of-function coding mutations in CD36  25. We identified the 184 probands in a database of 2,526 French patients with T2D  31. Glucose, triglycerides, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol were measured enzymatically (Roche, Boehringer, Meylan, France). Height (m) and weight (kg) were measured in clinical centers. Standing height was measured to the nearest 0. 1 cm with the participant looking straight ahead in bare feet and with his/her back against a wall. Weight was measured to the nearest 0. 1 kg in light clothing. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated as weight in kilograms (kg) divided by height in meters (m) squared. Patients were recruited at the CNRS UMR8199 unit in Lille (France) and at the Endocrinology-Diabetology Department of the Corbeil-Essonnes Hospital (France).
The French Exome (FREX) project (https://www. france-genomique. org/) is a publicly available reference panel of exomes from French regions and consists in 566 healthy adult subjects recruited from six different cities. The Genome Aggregation Database (gnomAD, http://gnomad. broadinstitute. org/) publicly available database was investigated for the presence of the two CD36 rare coding mutations identified in the screening. GnomAD includes 125,748 and 15,708 unrelated individuals exome-and genome-sequenced, respectively, as part of various disease-specific and population genetic studies  32. Individuals affected by severe pediatric diseases have been removed. Participants in GnomAD have been grouped in seven ethnic groups using a principal component analysis to distinguish the major axes of geographic ancestry: Europeans (N = 76,266), South Asians (N = 15,391), East Asians (N = 9,435), Africans/African Americans (N = 12,020), Latino (N = 17,210), Ashkenazi Jewish (N = 5,076) and other (N = 3,234).
We investigated the prevalence of the CD36 p. Pro191Leu in the exome-sequence and genome dataset (N = 141,321) and for p. Ala252Val mutations in 125,748 individuals with exome-sequence data only, as the data were not available for the p. Ala252Val mutation in the 15,708 genome sequences from gnomAD. The study protocol for the patients recruited at the CNRS UMR8199 unit in Lille and the Endocrinology-Diabetology Department of the Corbeil-Essonnes Hospital has been approved by the ethical committees of Hotel-Dieu in Corbeil-Essonnes and CHRU of Lille and was performed in accordance with relevant guidelines/regulations  33. An informed consent has been obtained from each subject before participating in the study, in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki principles. Sequencing. We performed direct Sanger sequencing to screen the coding sequence of the CD36 gene in 184 French individuals of European ancestry.