dataesr/scientific-paragraphs-categorization huggingface dataset:
C. FOCUS GROUPS ANALYSIS Both quantitative and qualitative procedures were used to analyze the information from the focus groups. First, the results of the second ranking were used to determine the final group preferences. Overall community preferences were calculated from the groups' preferences using the same procedure. Second, a qualitative data analysis of the focus group transcripts was performed using the scissor-and-sort technique  (Stewart et al. , 2006). The codes were assigned to the sections in the focus group transcripts corresponding to the four key REDD+ activity design topics. The different sections assigned the same code were cut out (scissored), grouped (sorted), and interpreted.
Document analysis The official documents, operation rules, and databases of all government forestry programs were reviewed to identify those eligible for Hopelchén and Calakmul's municipalities, and implemented in Xmabén and La Mancolona during the period 2010-2019. These included existing programs and new ones specially designed for REDD+ early action implementation. The operating rules of the programs were analyzed using the following criteria: program aims and contribution to REDD+ objectives; specific activities and practices promoted; time-frame of the program; type of economic benefits (incentives, rent or compensation; monetary or in-kind; individual or collective); the amount of these benefits; target population; and target ecosystem.
Spatial analysis Spatial analysis was used to complement ethnographic methods to identify the diversification of local activities during the early REDD+ implementation. Satellite images from 2013 and 2018 were analyzed to identify and quantify forest cover and land use changes. We used multispectral satellite images SPOT 5 from 2013, and Sentinel from 2018, both with a spatial resolution of 10 meters and processing level 2A, and a mixed-method of image segmentation (Spring software, v. 5. 4. 3) and visual interpretation to generate the land-use/land-cover map from 2013. The minimum mappable area was 0. 2 ha. The 2013-2018 land-cover change was analyzed with a visual interdependent interpretation procedure  (FAO, 1996) , updating the polygons from 2013 with the 2018 image. The resulting maps were verified with ground checkpoints.
Acknowledgements The authors would like to thank the study participants, who shared their valuable time, ideas, and opinions. Thanks are also due to anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments and suggestions. We are grateful to  Luciana Porter-Bolland ,  Victoria Reyes-García , and  Esteve Corbera  for their comments on an earlier version of the manuscript. Jovanka Špirić  acknowledges the support of the  CONACYT Cátedra  project  1539 , the  DGAPA-UNAM   Postdoctoral Fellowship , and the  Generalitat de Catalunya  FI predoctoral scholarship in undertaking this study. Financial support was also provided by the  PAPIIT-UNAM  projects  IN302918  and  IN300519. The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Simulation Using the TanB R package  [17] , we perform a simulation study using several random samples of the Tan-BXII distribution. For each sample, we calculate the MLEs using native R language's optim implementation. Biases, and Mean Square Errors (MSEs) are also calculated using the MLEs obtained. For this simulation, we use samples with sizes 10, 20, 30,. , 100 and 1000 replicas for the    Tan-G class of trigonometric distributions and its applications 17.
Agradecimientos Las autoras agradecen el apoyo brindado a lo largo de esta investigación por el personal de la Asociación Rescate y Conservación de Vida Silvestre (ARCAS) del Tortugario Hawaii, en especial a Alex García, Doña Mayra y a los comunitarios que apoyaron durante la realización de esta investigación. También se agradecen al Lic. Jorge Jiménez, a la PhD. Adriana A. Cortés-Gómez por su valiosa contribución durante el análisis de datos. Finalmente, se agradecen al Profesor Marc Girondot, PhD, por el apoyo brindado a nivel general durante la investigación y formación de las autoras.
Agradecimientos. Aportaron financiamientos ANID Becas-Chile, CONICYT/PIA Anillo SOC1405 y el Ministerio de Europa y relaciones exteriores de Francia: proyectos Altos Arica y Redes Andinas. Además, este proyecto ha recibido financiación del programa de investigación e innovación Horizon 2020 de la Unión Europea según el convenio de subvención Marie Skłodowska-Curie N°800617 RoadNet_Andes. Alvaro Romero, Rolando Ajata y Calogero Santoro contribuyeron a la compilación de la base de datos. El Laboratorio de Arqueología Cuantitativa/UAB y Joan Nunes facilitaron infraestructuras y asesoramiento técnico. La prospección de caminos fue autorizada por el Consejo de Monumentos Nacionales (Ord 564/2018) y llevada a cabo gracias a la colaboración de Magdalena García, Rubén Santos y Denny Isler. Declaración de disponibilidad de datos.
Distribution area Six species of Entandrophragma are very widely distributed across the Guinean-Congolese zone: E. angolense, E. candollei, E. congoense, E. cylindricum, E. palustre and E. utile  (Kasongo Yakusu et al. , 2018). With the exception of E. palustre, which is restricted to swamp forests, mainly in DRC and the Republic of the Congo  (Lemmens, 2008) , the other five species grow in dense evergreen and semi-deciduous tropical forests  (Meunier et al. , 2015; Kasongo Yakusu et al. , 2018). Figure  1  shows the geographical distribution of these species, adapted from the "Rainbio" database  (Dauby et al. , 2016). E. cylindricum and E. angolense have the widest distribution and are locally more abundant than E. candolei and E. utile  (Doumenge et al. , 2010; Kasongo Yakusu et al. , 2018).
Multiplicity of social uses Entandrophragma has multiple uses that are well known to local people (table V). They use the different parts of the tree to satisfy needs for food (e. g. collecting caterpillars), construction, handicrafts, medicines, livelihoods, economy Geographical distribution of the main commercial species of the genus Entandrophragma (map adapted from the "Rainbio" database;  Dauby et al. , 2016). and transport (dugout canoes), and others. (table V). The bark of all these species is used as medicine against various diseases. The roots of E. candollei are used as an anti-venom against snake bites. The seeds of Entandrophragma (e. g. E. angolense) are rich in oils that deserve detailed studies on their properties, including toxicity  (Lemmens et al. , 2010). In view of their multiple medicinal uses, it would be advisable to conduct additional pharmacological studies on the bark and roots and chemical analyses to identify the active molecules.
Acknowledgements The authors would like to thank the  European Union  for the financial assistance to this study through the  "FCCC " project, implemented by  CIFOR  at the  University of Kisangani , and the  Royal Museum of Central Africa  for the  "ABIC" scientific internship grant  ( 2016 , 2017, 2018) in Belgium. They also thank all the readers and reviewers behind the scenes for their contributions to the improvement of the final version of this article and all those who provided any assistance in researching and compiling the information related to this publication.
aGradecimientos El trabajo de campo fue posible gracias al permiso de prospección concedido por la Direcció General de Patrimoni Cultural (Departament de Cultura i Mitjans de Comunicació, Generalitat de Catalunya). Este estudio ha sido financiado por los proyectos 2006EXCAVA0001 (Generalitat de Catalunya), CGL2005-00046, CGL2005-01121 y CGL2005-00404 (Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia). Agradecemos al Dr Ángel Galobart (Institut Català de Paleontologia), a Josep Peralba (Coll de Nargó), al Dr Oriol Oms (Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona) y a Bernat Vila (ICP) su ayuda en diversos aspectos de la realización del trabajo. Josep Marmi es investigador postdoctoral (Programa Juan de la Cierva) del ICP.
Agradecimientos Los autores dedican este trabajo a la memoria de Hélène Rousselière, que participó en su realización y falleció recientemente. Los estudios de XRD/XRF en el Alcázar se realizaron dentro de la actividad MOLAB del programa del EU FP7 (CHA-RISMA, Grant 228330). Nuestro agradecimiento al Patronato del Real Alcázar de Sevilla, por su colaboración y facilidades dadas para realizar esta investigación. Igualmente, expresamos nuestro agradecimiento por sus consejos durante la redacción del artículo al Dr. Pedro José Sánchez Soto, investigador del Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla, CSIC.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS To the engineers  Antonio Taveras  and  Víctor Eric Rodríguez  and other farmers from the  Línea Noroeste. As well as to  Mariely Jerez ,  UTECO 's student,  Roberto Polanco  and  Jonathan Gabriel Castillo from BANELINO. Also  to marriage  Luis Felipe  and  France Suriel. To all of them, for their collaboration.
Acknowledgments We warmly thank  Jiri Moravec  for providing recent literature on Odontocheilina (Cicindelidae),  Petr Bulirsch  for useful comments on the systematics of Scaritinae (Carabidae), and  Fernanda Salazar  for her help in the construction of the database and information on the Ecuadorian carabid fauna. We especially thank  Dione Seriperri ,  Museu de Zoologia ,  Universidade de São Paulo , for her help in finding publications by  Hans Reichardt. AAC's doctoral studies were partly funded by the  "Fondo nacional de financiamiento para la ciencia ,.
Background -Feline atopic syndrome (FAS) describes a spectrum of hypersensitivity disorders characterised by highly diverse clinical presentations including skin, gastrointestinal and respiratory systems. Among these disorders is feline atopic skin syndrome (FASS), in which hypersensitivity is typically associated with environmental allergens, although food allergy may coexist. Involvement of other organ systems (e. g. asthma) also may occur. Because of its highly heterogeneous clinical presentation, diagnosis of FASS can be challenging. Objectives -A subgroup of the International Committee on Allergic Diseases of Animals was tasked to summarise the most current information on the clinical presentations of FASS and to develop diagnostic guidelines. Methods and materials -Online citation databases and abstracts from international meetings were searched for publications related to feline allergic conditions.
Methods and materials A literature search for studies on feline allergies published between 1950 and 2020 was conducted using Pubmed (pubmed. gov), Web of Science (Thomson Reuters), CAB Abstracts (EBSCOhost Research Databases) and CAB Abstracts Archive (EBSCOhost Research Databases) databases. Restrictions (date or language) were not enforced for the manuscript search. Published abstracts from annual meetings of the European Society of Veterinary Dermatology/European College of Veterinary Dermatology, American Academy of Veterinary Dermatology/ American College of Veterinary Dermatology and World Congresses of Veterinary Dermatology between 1995 and 2016 were included. Finally, expert options were reported where necessary to supplement the literature search. A total of 107 manuscripts were selected and summarised below.
In one study, Siamese cats were computed to be at increased risk (RR 5. 0) compared with the hospital population. 40 [32] [33] [34] [35] [36] [37] [38] [39] [40]   Reports of clinical signs are varied, making conclusions about "typical" presenting clinical signs difficult. The data from nine studies involving 153 cats with food allergy either reported specific reaction patterns (e. g. 38] [39] 41  Head and neck pruritus was reported in 42% (65 of 153), SIAH in 52% (80 of 153), MD in 31% (47 of 153) and EGC in 18% (28 of 153) of the cats. Pruritus was invariably present. Other reported cutaneous signs included urticaria,  35  nonpruritic cutaneous nodules  32  and plasma cell pododermatitis. 42 nvolvement of the ears was frequently reported, yet differentiation between the pinna and ear canal was unclear.
Acknowledgements The authors would like to thank  Emmanuel Bensignor ,  Patrick Hensel ,  Peter Hill ,  Richard Halliwell  and  Manolis Saridomichelakis  for their detailed review of the manuscript. The authors also thank the other members of the  International Committee on Allergic Diseases of Animals (ICADA)  for their critical review of this manuscript. The  World Association for Veterinary Dermatology (WAVD)  supported the breakfast sessions of the ICADA at the past  European Veterinary Dermatology Congresses and North American Veterinary Dermatology Forums , where this paper was planned and the content of the paper discussed.
Este procedimiento se llevó a cabo para el periodo 1995-2014 en 43 países que representan más de 85% del valor agregado mundial, entre los cuales están los Estados Unidos y China. Dado que nuestro objetivo es discutir la guerra comercial sino-estadunidense, nos centraremos en sus relaciones bilaterales. Nuestros datos sobre el valor agregado y los aportes de horas de trabajo directo en los diferentes sectores de cada país se toman de la base de datos de entradas y salidas mundiales World Input-Output Database (wiod). Sus dos versiones -que datan de 2013 y 2016-presentan diferentes clasificaciones sectoriales para las tablas de entradas y salidas de varios países: la primera, con 35 sectores y 40 países, cubre el periodo 1995-2009, y la segunda, con 68 sectores de 43 economías, el de 2000-2014.
g. , experimental dimension, need for technical skills, and importance of teams). However, the average number of coauthors by article (between 4 and 5) is less. The 80 studied chemists have published around 10,000 articles with 15,000 coauthors since the beginning of their career. To refine the bibliometric data, we notably have collected the affiliation and the location of each coauthor to understand the geography of coauthors. Thus, we can analyze the formation and dynamics of the scientific personal network and its evolving geography over time. This paper is structured as follows. Section 2 provides a brief survey of the link between mobility and scientific networks. Section 3 describes the data and provides descriptive statistics. Section 4 presents the econometric strategy used to assess the mobility impact on network dynamics.
These studies, though rare, make real contributions through the study of large databases and the combination of quantitative and qualitative data to assess the impact of mobility on scientific networks. However, the authors point out the necessity to advance this analysis. A group of authors suggest integrating a dynamic perspective through longitudinal data  (Scellatoet al, 2015)  not only to point out a short effect  (Fontes et al. , 2013)  but also to integrate a researcher's career that can be particularly important in terms of the construction and development of his or her network. Cañibano et al. (2008)  and  Horta (2013)  show the need for a dynamic analysis of researchers' careers, which can be particularly important for the construction of the scientific network (e. g. , importance of the country of origin  [Baruffaldi & Landoni, 2012] ).
Thomson Reuters' WoS is a well-known and reliable source, frequently used to collect copublication data. An initial screening was performed to avoid namesake bias: we kept 9310 publications, including 9206 copublications. Most of the variables in the publication database were left untouched (e. g. , title, year, scientific journal, list of coauthors), and some other variables needed an in-depth screening, such as authors' location (see Section 3. 2). From the publication list of each researcher, we split coauthored articles into coauthorship pairs  (Melin & Person, 1996). As we stand on a personal network perspective, we are only interested in ego-alter relationships and do not consider relationships between alter: ego represents one of the 80 studied researchers and alter are all the coauthors.
, 2014; Maisonobe, 2015). It becomes a hindrance when studying geographical patterns of researchers' trajectories. In our case, we used search engines to collect all the locations of coauthors listed on a publication, at the scale of laboratory, city, and country. This represents a time-consuming task of disambiguation, standardization, and coding of the database, necessary to obtain reliable geographical information. To our knowledge, it is the only way to obtain the geography of collaborations of researchers at the microlevel and has not been done yet, except  Bernela and Milard (2016). Among the corpus of 9206 copublications, we resorted to manual web searches 7  to obtain the location of ego and alter for the 5301 copublications made before 2008, as detailed in Figure  2. For each address, we distinguish three spatial scales: laboratory, city, and country.
For laboratory, an important work of disambiguation appeared necessary: for instance, in the case of the Poitiers lab, "IC2MP" can also be registered as "UMR 7285" or the various names of old laboratories before the merger. Finally, we kept multi-affiliation cases, that is, when ego and/or alter is associated with different laboratories in the same publication. 8 Once locations of ego and their coauthors are screened for each publication, we code the spatial distance between each pair of ego-alter. We break down this measure of distance into four increasing levels-lab, city, national, international-and can question, "Is ego located in the same laboratory, the same city, or the same country of alter?" This microscale collection of data, which involved the coding of the spatial distance between a researcher and his or her coauthors for each dyadic relationship, makes our database an original tool for the geography of science.
First, this method is more appropriate for our database: the unobserved heterogeneity could skew the results from random-effect models. Our Hausman test (  1978 ) is significant: it supports that results from the estimation by fixed-individual effect are significantly different from those from the random-effect estimation. Second, this method is more appropriate to our issue because it focuses on the intraindividual variance instead of the interindividual one. Indeed, our approach involves diving into each career to test the impact of geographic mobility and not comparing careers of researchers. More precisely, using "within" model, we are free from the heterogeneity of publication and collaboration patterns between individuals: each variable is centered, and the To record the diversification of the coauthorship network, we measure annual flows of the new and outgoing coauthors in the network.
The criteria used by this team to select the projects involve aspects like approved license, maturity, number of contributors, repository availability, etc. Leveraging all those works, we present the following list with a specific selection of major software quantum simulators developments: • Quantum++ (C++) Is a general-purpose multi-threaded quantum simulator written in C++ with high performance  [27]. • QuEST (C/C++) It is an open-source quantum simulator with multithreading, distributed processes and GPU-accelerated capabilities  [28]. • Qrack (C++) Is a quantum simulator written in C++ that comes with additional support for Graphics Processing Units (GPUs)  [29]. • Intel-QS Formely qHiPSTER, is a simulator of quantum circuits optimized to take maximum advantage of multicore and multi-nodes architectures  [30].
Some projects provide a full-stack approach to quantum computing, including not only a simulator but compilers and the possibility to run the program on real quantum processors. The following list shows some of these projects: • XACC, Simulator: TNQVM (C) This provides an implementation that takes advantage of the tensor network theory to simulate quantum circuits  [31, 32]. • Qiskit, Simulator: Qiskit Aer (Python) Framework for working with noisy quantum computers at the level of pulses, circuits, and algorithms supported by IBM  [33, 34]. • ProjectQ, Simulator: ProjectQ (C++, Python) An open source software framework for quantum computing  [35, 36]  supported by ETH Zurich. • Forest, Simulator: QVM (Python) Is the quantum simulator of the full-stack library Forest. It is a purely Python-based simulator which is meant for rapid prototyping of quantum circuits.
Results Among the big list of software quantum simulators available in  [3, 4, 23]  we have chosen Quantum++ and Intel-QS. Quantum++ was selected for its simplicity of operation and open-source code. Also, it provides a benchmark for QFT and the ability of parallel execution on a single node. Intel-QS was selected because it uses the parallel studio to optimize the code and the MKL library to increase the performance, also this simulator is open source and provides a QFT implementation. The experiments were performed using a range of 10 to 24 qubits to obtain a proper scale to observe the results. Simulations under 10 qubits take a fraction of a second and do not provide important contributions to the analysis. The hardware used was a laptop with an Intel i7-8565U 1. 8 GHz processor and 16 GB of RAM.
The first experiment was performed using Quantum++ simulator using OpenMP parallelization. We fix the number of threads in 8 to leverage the total power of the processor and varied the number of qubits from 10 to 24. A shell script was used to automate the execution procedure. Build instructions and the QFT source code corresponding to the quantum circuit illustrated in Fig. 3  can be found in  [38]. Fig. 4  depicts the performance of Quantum++ simulator. To show how performance is improved when we increase the number of threads, we run an experiment using the Quantum ++ simulator by varying the number of threads from 1 to 8. To correctly observe the results, we use a range of 21 to 24 qubits since for a lower number of qubits, the simulation requires a small amount of time and we cannot see the speedup, and for a higher number of qubits, the simulation exceeds the hardware capacity.
Además, se tuvieron en cuenta las manifestaciones clínicas compatibles con el VIH. Para el análisis estadístico, la muestra fue dividida según edad en Grupo 1 (G1) de 0 a 5 años y 11 meses y Grupo 2 (G2) de 6 a 11 años y 11 meses, de acuerdo a las tablas de crecimiento y desarrollo del Ministerio de Salud de la Nación Argentina  (13). Se compararon las variables en estudio, según grupo etario, a través de los test de Wilcoxon para las variables continuas y el test exacto de Fisher para las variables categóricas. Para analizar la asociación entre los parámetros antropométricos y bioquímicos según el TARGA administrado, se aplicó el test de Kruskal Wallis. Se utilizó el software Stata V. 11 y se estableció un valor de significación de p <0,05.
Tomando en cuenta lo anterior, es necesario indagar y conocer, entre otros hechos, cómo argumentan los alumnos cuando utilizan herramientas digitales en el aula de matemáticas. El objetivo de este estudio es identificar y describir los argumentos manifestados por estudiantes de la EMS (entre 15 y 18 años), cuando utilizan el SGD GeoGebra en el desarrollo de situaciones geométricas. Para ello, se parte del hecho de que la secuencia de actividades propuestas en este estudio fomenta la argumentación matemática. En este documento se enfatiza en la actividad que implica la construcción de teselados semirregulares con la utilización del software GeoGebra.
Existen diversos teselados en el plano, algunos de ellos son regulares y otros son semirregulares. Los primeros se construyen con regiones poligonales regulares congruentes, mientras que los semirregulares son los que se forman por dos o más regiones poligonales regulares (cada una de ellas congruentes entre sí). En este estudio, los teselados o recubrimientos en el plano son el escenario por el cual se tiene acceso al estudio de las isometrías o trasformaciones isométricas (traslación, rotación, reflexión o simetría axial), a través del uso de herramientas propias de la geometría dinámica, particularmente, el software GeoGebra.