dataesr/scientific-paragraphs-categorization huggingface dataset:
Acknowledgments We would like to thank the  Benin Ministry of Health  for facilitating the implementation of the study; the study participants in the Comé Health Zone;  Mélanie Avella ,  Sarah Chatanay , and  Antoine Vollet  for managing the program operations;  Jean Bernard Legargasson  and the journal's reviewers for commenting on the article;  Marc-Eric Gruénais ,  Marc Egrot ,  Brad Gessner  and  Florian Fadonougbo  for their contributions to developing the protocol;  Emmanuelle Assy  for the report review;  Akogbéto Mesmin  and  Roberte Ylonfoun  for facilitating the administration; and  David Winter  and  Claire MacDonald  for editing.
Reaction to social isolation (days 13-14) Quails were removed from their brooder cages and transferred in groups of 20 individuals to room A under the same conditions as for the social reinstatement behavior tests. Quail behavior was recorded in room B using a camera placed above the arena and connected to a computer equipped with the Ethovision tracking system (v XT7. 0, Noldus Technology, Wageningen, The Netherlands). The total distance travelled ("distance") and the number of changes from the center to the periphery of the arena ("center1") were recorded over a three-min period. Traits and performances were analyzed with the "nlme" package of R, version 3. 0. 3 [31, 32]  using the linear mixed effects (LME) model with founding single-pair matings (see Additional file 1: Figure  S1 ) as random effects, and line and sex, when necessary, as fixed effects.
Methodological approach and data coding The research has been focused on texts and articles published in Orthodoxy in the period 1991-2010, with occasional referring to the 1988-1991, the transitory years of the abandoning of socialist regime, i. e. the one-party political system and planned economy. This period includes the transformation of the Serbian society through three different social and political contexts: -the end of Yugoslav socialist/communist state  (1988) (1989) (1990) (1991) , -the authoritarian regime of Slobodan  Milošević (1991 Milošević ( -2000)) , -the period of the transition towards political pluralism, parliamentary democracy and market economy with the (more or less expressed) intention of joining the European Union  (2000) (2001) (2002) (2003) (2004) (2005) (2006) (2007) (2008) (2009) (2010).
It should equally break off the artificial separation of the theory used in a research and the results emerged from gathered data/terrain. The research process should be seen as a simultaneous and interconnected process of gathering and analyzing data (see also  Strauss and Corbin 1990, 1998). The data filtering was determined by preliminary research on the Serbian Orthodox Church and Serbian Orthodoxy. It is an important first step when the scientific work is based on the grounded theory method: we had to make a thorough selection in each journal issue of those articles whose content correspond to the produced discourse based on our preliminary research. After experimental coding that helped us additionally to organize the data, singled out the three main matrix codes: -the codes that refers to the discourse regarding traditional values defended by the discourse producers through the imaginary of 'US' -the narratives on Serbian nation, national culture and national identity; -the codes that refers to the discourse regarding the imaginary of 'THEM' -the West, Europe, Western civilization and culture; -the codes that refers to the universal values that appear disputable through the imaginary of 'US versus THEM' -democracy, tolerance, and human rights.
Related Work Data collected from the MPI urban sensing research project are used in this project to conduct interactive exploration and air quality analysis. Collection of data with MPI vehicular testbed can spread throughout Macao for the entire vehicle course with possible errors and deviations. Besides, a number of limitations are associated with this approach. For example, GPS receivers depend on at least 4 direct contact of GPS satellites in order to trilaterate user location, and due to tightly packed, skyscraper filled urban areas in Macao, in some occasions, the vehicle may fail to obtain an accurate GPS signal. To tackle the problem, procedures to evaluate the validity of raw data from GPS sensors is strictly required.
For example, vehicle operation induced vibrations can cause less than optimal measurements. On the other hand, a controlled environment is provided at monitoring stations. Lastly, another key advantage of conventional monitoring stations on data sampling is the constant and uninterrupted operation around-the-clock. The exploratory dataset from MPI urban sensing research project will not fit in the conventional visualization approach  [3][4]. The first reason is that the sensor data samples are split into intermittent routes in vehicle traces. The second reason is that sensor readings are taken in different places. Therefore we need to design and develop a new visualization method to show the change of sensor readings while the car is moving around in the city.
Results and Discussion We have developed a web-based exploration tool for exploring the air quality sensor data collected by MPI urban sensing research project and study factors that may contribute to the deterioration of air quality. Fig. 1  is the interactive exploration part of the web application. At the left-upper corner, two drop-down menus are provided for a user to specify a day. After a day is chosen, the application will be able to dynamically break vehicle trace data in the day into separate route information. Afterwards, the user can select a route. The system will then process the inputs by the user (selected day and route) and give multiple outputs, which includes GPS coordinates data and air quality sensors data. On the interface, the top portion provides a space to display the full date of the selected day to clarify when the event happened.
Conclusion This study makes use of the data collected from the MPI urban sensing research project to inspect air quality around Macao. In the end, this study. has yielded a web-based application which allows users to conveniently inspect and discover air quality throughout Macao. In addition, users can potentially investigate different situations that affect air quality by co-relating the vehicle traces and the air quality sensor data. A web-based application has opened the door to further functionalities expansion. It is possible to develop more visualization tools, such as heatmap and scatter plot into the web interface to further improve and perfect the current design.
The number of participants ranged from approximately 1000 (in 1985 and 1992) to over 10 000 (in 2011). The internet accounted for 23% of the questionnaires analysed in 2004 and 90% in 2011. Questionnaire items collected data on respondents' socio-demographic profiles, social lives, sex lives (practices and prevention methods) and health. All questionnaires were completed anonymously. The French data protection committee (Commission nationale de l'informatique et des libertés) approved the surveys, data collection and data storage. The analyses in this study are based on the surveys conducted from 1991 to 2011, except for 1992 (as its variables were not comparable with those of the other surveys). Our analyses are limited to respondents aged 18-59 years.
Statistical analysis The first analysis examined the trends in the percentage of men reporting UAId in the 12 months (by calendar time) before each survey, stratified by serostatus. We then constructed cohorts (generations) using the starting point of sexual life, from data collected over 20 years, for a longitudinal analysis of these trends. Each generation covered a four-year range starting from the year when respondents turned 18 (the median age of first sexual relationships with a man in these surveys)  [29]. As previously described, this allowed to compare trends in UAId by age for different generations of MSM. The trends of the percentage of MSM reporting UAId were studied separately for seronegative and seropositive MSM according to age. We show graphic representations of the longitudinal data only for the era following the widespread use of ARV therapy (1997-2011 surveys) to optimise the legibility of the comparisons.
MetHods data The Prospective Urban and Rural Epidemiology (PURE) study is a large global study of cardiovascular disease incidence, mortality and risk factors. 12 Data are collected from urban and rural communities within 21 countries including 4 high-income countries (HICs) (Canada, Sweden, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates); 7 upper-middle-income countries (UMICs) (Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Poland, Malaysia, South Africa, Turkey); 5 lower-middle-income countries (LMICs) (China, Colombia, Iran, Occupied Palestinian Territory, Philippines) and 5 low-income countries (LICs) (Bangladesh, India, Pakistan, Tanzania, Zimbabwe). The selection of countries in PURE was designed to achieve a balance between different economic levels, heterogeneity in social and economic circumstances and policies and the capacity of centres to collect high-quality data with a modest budget.
Households were selected to be broadly representative of their communities. All individuals within each selected household aged 35-70 years were eligible, and 1 50 447 individuals were enrolled. Each participant was interviewed using a standardised questionnaire, which collected data on lifestyle and behaviour, cardiovascular disease risk factors, health history, use of medications and social capital. Sitting blood pressure was measured twice by trained research assistants following a standardised procedure using a digital blood pressure measuring device (Omron HEM-757) and the average of these two measures was recorded. Community-level data, including availability and costs of medicines, and availability of public and private healthcare providers, were collected using the Environmental Profile of a Community's Health instrument.
Data on whether family members could be counted on in difficult situations was collected to inform this dimension of social capital only in a subset of countries (Saudi Arabia, Turkey, Philippines, Bangladesh, Zimbabwe, Tanzania). Supplemental analysis showed that bonding social capital did not modify the association of the bridging and linking forms with hypertension management, which were the main foci of this study. Several possible mechanisms may be involved. Social capital may facilitate exchange of information on the quality of services and informal mechanisms of obtaining care, thereby increasing detection. Trust in civic and religious organisations may spill over to trust in the health system, thus increasing the likelihood of seeking healthcare, leading to detection, and regular monitoring once diagnosed.
g. calling pattern). In order to answer the research question, first, a literature review was performed. Based on that, a two-stage methodology was applied. Firstly, a discrete choice experiment was set up, evaluating the preferences of the shipping lines, where a multinomial logit model is chosen for this experiment because of the low expected number of respondents. Secondly, also qualitative research through interviews was performed to better understand the bunkering choice strategies. The remainder of the paper is structured as follows. First, a literature review is given which deals with the bunkering choice determinants. Secondly, the methodology is explained. Thirdly, the used data will be described. This is followed by the results of the discrete choice experiment and the interviews.
This paper reviews these topics on a regional basis, with an emphasis on the latest published information, and represents an update to the 2007 review compiled by the FLAG-inspired IGCP 449 biostratigraphy subgroup. Disparities in the level of detail available for different regions can largely be attributed to varying potential for preservation of fossil material, which is especially poor in areas of non-calcareous bedrock, but to some extent also reflect research priorities in different parts of the world. Recognition of the value of biostratigraphical and palaeoclimatic frameworks, which have been refined over many decades in the 'core regions' for such research (particularly for the late Middle and Late Pleistocene of NW Europe), has focussed attention on the need to accumulate similar palaeontological datasets in areas lacking such long research histories.
, 2014) , and the Medway Valley Palaeolithic Project (MVPP), which conducted similar research in Kent  (Briant et al. , 2012; Chauhan et al, this volume). These projects were able to study fossiliferous localities that lacked archaeological material, adding valuable palaeontological and palaeoclimatic data to the underlying TERPS dataset. An overview of all the ALSF-funded projects was provided by  White (2016). Additional data was accumulated during the lifetime of the Ancient Human Occupation of Britain Project (AHOB), funded by the Leverhulme Trust, which underook research at numerous fluvial localities  (Ashton et al. , 2011 ; see http://ahobproject. org/database). The data accumulated by these research projects have continued to test and reinforce the biostratigraphical model developed by  Schreve (2001a; Fig.
France Multidisciplinary research projects investigating fluvial archives in NW France have largely focussed on the Somme and Seine river valleys. Over the last decade, several important palaeontological datasets from these areas have provided significant chronological and palaeoenvironmental information relevant to understanding Pleistocene climates and human occupation (see  Chauhan et al. , this issue). The French fluvial record is well-dated and includes several interglacial sequences particulary rich in diverse fossil groups that allow palaeoclimatic comparisons with nearby British records and other datasets at a European scale (e. g. Limondin-Lozouet and  Preece, 2014). Alongside mammalian evidence (see  Auguste, 2009) , molluscan evidence remains a key element of French biostratigraphical schemes.
Data from other regions Beyond the 'core regions' of NW and Central Europe, palaeontological datasets from fluvial sequences are increasingly used as a basis for regional biostratigraphies and palaeoenvironmental reconstructions. At the time of the last review  (Schreve et al. , 2007) , these consisted entirely of mammalian data; since then, significant new information, including invertebrate and floral assemblages, have been published and are included in the summaries below.
, 2011; Fig. 11). Insert Fig. 11  Australian biostrat chart 7. Synthesis Regional biostratigraphies based on mammalian and molluscan assemblages continue to contribute significantly to the dating and correlation of Pleistocene fluvial deposits on a global scale. However, the quality of these datasets varies widely, depending on the potential for preservation of fossils in a given region and the priority given to palaeontological and biostratigraphical research. The period since the 2007 review of regional biostratigraphies has seen a steady accumulation of data in many parts of the world. Those based on mammalian and molluscan assemblages, in particular, have continued to be tested and developed, especially in NW Europe, and clearly have a significant role to play in the dating and correlation of Quaternary deposits.
Conclusions Since the last major review of biostratigraphical data derived from Quaternary fluvial archives in 2007, significant new research on Pleistocene fossil assemblages has been undertaken on almost every continent. Established regional biostratigraphical frameworks have been challenged, modified and, in many cases, strengthened by the new data generated by this work. Over the 20-year lifespan of FLAG, much of the evidence summarized here has been obtained from fluvial sequences in the NW European 'hotspot' that includes Britain and France, together with important archives from Germany, Iberia and Italy and Eastern Europe. Research in Europe has included the reporting of new sites, dating or re-dating of known localities to improve chronological control, and the development of high-resolution palaeoenvironmental reconstructions based on fossil assemblages and geochemical analyses.
METHODOLOGY We performed an analytical and longitudinal study based on secondary data collection of breast cancer women who underwent adjuvant hormonal therapy, receiving treatment in a high-complexity oncology hospital that is known for its cancer treatment and that provides treatment for more than four million residents in Muriaé, Minas Gerais  12. The study population comprised a cohort of women diagnosed with breast cancer, older than 18 years and treated in the mentioned hospital, who had begun hormonal therapy in the year of 2009 and had their medications dismissed more than once until December 31 st , 2014, according to data from the hospital pharmacy department. The study removed patients without registration in such database with the record of at least two different dates. We collected the following information available in registrations from different service departments: 1.
dismissal control of hormonal therapy drugs from the pharmacy departmentelectronic database created to enable funding at SUS, which provides information for the A & P calculation in each patient's treatment, such as kind of drug (TMX or anastrozole), dismissal date, and quantity; 2. electronic medical record, through which we collected information regarding the sociodemographic, clinic, and support characteristics of the patient receiving treatment, which are important to identify factors that influence such behaviors. We used the women's number of enrollment to integrate data. This study adopted the recommendation of one daily tablet of hormonal therapy for 5 years  [13] [14] [15]. TMX and AIs, such as anastrozole, play the role of medications distributed for free by SUS in the study hospital for breast cancer treatment.
The association between independent variables and adherence based on the bivariate analysis was more difficult due to the high index of adherent women in the study. We assume that calculation, based on the medication possession ratio (MPR), might overestimate such behavior when considering only the time with medication on hands in the denominator, instead of the entire period of treatment  32. This is a limitation, but we believe this bias may be understated when such estimates are made from the secondary database of great populations  33. We observed that variables associated with persistence, which were maintained in the final model of the multivariate analysis, reflect the relation between the highest disease severity and the interruption of the adjuvant hormonal treatment. Women with advanced stage  are more susceptible to discontinuing the treatment.
Cities Research participants were sampled from four cities that were located in three different countries: Newcastle, Australia; Sydney, Australia; Paris, France; and Istanbul, Turkey. These cities were selected on the basis of convenience of data collection: At least one member of the research team was located in each of these cities. Information about each city is provided in Table  1. Notably, the four cities varied in their population size, density, diversity, and cost of living, some which have the potential to affect city identification  (Bernardo & Palma-Oliveira, 2016 ; for a review, see  Lewicka, 2011). This variability allowed us to provide a relatively strong test of the generality of our effects across a diverse range of cities. Numbeo (2016)  and represents an indicator of consumer goods price (groceries, restaurants, transportation and utilities) relative to New York.
Participants In general, participants were undergraduate students at universities that were located in the four cities. However, 74 participants from the Sydney sample and 155 participants from the Istanbul sample were recruited via websites and social media sites that were relevant to a broader range of residents (e. g. , LinkedIn groups, Facebook, Twitter). In total, we collected data from 1,778 participants. Of these, 32 participants did not respond to an informed consent item that was located near the end of the survey. A further 67 participants completed the survey but actively declined their consent. In addition, 12 participants indicated that they were aged 16 years or younger and were therefore judged to be of insufficient maturity to consent to participate in the research. Analysis of participant identification codes also revealed that four participants had completed the survey twice.
Procedure The survey was translated into French and Turkish for implementation in Paris and Istanbul respectively. The questionnaire was translated into French by the second and fourth authors and into Turkish by the last author. An English-French bilingual speaker checked the French translation, and an English-Turkish bilingual speaker checked the Turkish translation. For the French version of the survey, a random selection of items were back-translated into English in order to confirm the validity of the original translation. The French version was also trialled by a few French speakers in order to check its comprehension before it was used for data collection purposes. The research protocol received primary ethical approval from an Australian university human research ethics committee. The data was collected between August 2014 and May 2016.
The present research In the two experiments reported here, we sought to further test the hypothesis that social comparison can operate without awareness  (Mussweiler et al. , 2004). We conducted these experiments in accordance with the new guidelines on good research practices (e. g. ,  Funder et al. , 2014). More precisely, we determined our sample size on the basis of a power analysis; we pre-registered our hypothesis; we focused on effect size rather than on p-value; we ran a close replication; we analyzed our data with both null hypothesis significance testing (NHST) and Bayesian analyses; and we posted our material and data on a public repository (https://osf. io/gjc5b/). In addition, our experiments were designed to address four main limitations of previous research. First,  Mussweiler et al.
Participants A total of 150 French women took part in this experiment (mean age = 27. 25 years, SD = 11. 33 years). Three female research assistants recruited them among the students of the University of Poitiers, France. Upon arrival to the laboratory, participants were welcomed and escorted into one of three identical experimental boxes (for a video of the lab setup, see https://osf. io/4vy3w/). Due to a technical problem (dropped frames) with one of the computers used for data collection, we had to exclude data for 23 participants, leaving 127 participants in the final sample. The reduction in sample size caused a decrease of power (76%). However, statistical power in this experiment was still much larger than in previous research and provided reasonable chances of detecting significant effects.
average size models) with those that do not have one (heavily scrambled masks) (see  Stojanoski & Cusack, 2014). Thus, we used a box scrambling masking method  (Vogels, 1999)  to create the masks. Each intact image was divided into an equal number of independent boxes (at the pixel level), and each box was randomly repositioned to a new location in the image. That box-scrambling method is recommended in experiments that focus on specific object properties, such as shape and edges  (Stojanoski & Cusack, 2014). Before data collection, we used the black box tool kit®  (Plant, 2016 ) to certify the very short duration of our subliminal primes, independently from the PsychoPy® software. The frame rate was 16. 67 ms (SD = 0. 08) on average. Thus, all primed images were presented for < 20 ms. During data collection, we recorded all frames such that we could check that we did not drop frames during the presentation of stimuli.