dataesr/scientific-paragraphs-categorization huggingface dataset:
influence of the corresponding fluorophore molecules (Fig. 2B). Because the geometrical properties of Voronoi regions reflect the environment characteristics of a given molecule, we can use their short-range collective properties determined from the diagram in addition to the experimentally determined coordinates and intensities of the fluorophores. One of the most important properties, the density d in the neighborhood of the molecule i, can be determined simply as the inverse value of the volume V of the Voronoi cell: d i = 1/V i. To segment a SMLM dataset, every localization should be assigned to a cluster or to the background. The minimal local density of molecules inside clusters, i. e. the segmentation threshold, can be determined automatically by comparing the distribution of Voronoi cell sizes of the experimental distribution with that of the background noise model, as has been recently shown by us for the 2D case 19.
Acknowledgements We thank  Leica Microsystems  for the access to the Leica SR GSD 3D system and  Didier Hentsch ,  Pascal Kessler  and  Yves Lutz  of the  IGBMC Imaging Centre  for support. This research was made possible by the adaptive optics plug-and-play accessory MicAO 3D-SR for PALM/STORM microscopes of  Imagine Optic  (www. imagine-optic. com). This work was supported by the  INCa programme and the Centre Nationale pour la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS). The super-resolution microscope setup is supported by the Alsace Region and by the  French Infrastructure for Integrated Structural Biology (FRISBI)   ANR-10-INSB-05-01  and Instruct as part of the  European Strategy Forum on Research Infrastructures (ESFRI).
S7 ). For 1897 event related to the Oldham Fault, slipped area, average slip, and rake were constrained by geodetic data  (England and Bilham, 2015) , whereas for events related to the latter two faults, the approximate rupture size was derived according to empirical scaling by  Wells and Coppersmith (1994) , and the average slip was calculated to yield the estimated magnitude. O ld h a m Dauki K o p i l i MFT Shillong plateau L i n g s h i L i n g s h i L i n g s h i S a k t e n g S a k t e n g S a k t e n g BHUTAN BHUTAN BHUTAN INDIA INDIA TIBET TIBET TIBET 28° N 27° N 26° N 25° N 94° E 93° E 92° E 91° E 90° E 89° E 88° E D C F Chedrang Dapsi Cona Cona Cona The calculations were performed using the USGS Coulomb v. 3. 4 software  (Lin and Stein, 2004; Toda, 2005). To calculate static stress change, we assumed dislocations embedded in an elastic half-space with a Young's modulus E and a Poisson's ratio ν.
Acknowledgments DG thanks the  Herbette Foundation  and the  Swiss National Science Foundation  for financial support (visiting professorship grants,  SNSF  grant number  IZK0Z2_167848 ) during the preparation of the manuscript at the  University of Lausanne. This project is partly supported by project  OROG3NY  ( Swiss National Science Foundation , grant  PP00P2_157627 ) and the  French Agence Nationale de la Recherche  ( ANR-13-BS06-0006-01 ). Critical comments by  M Delescluse ,  J Hubbard , and  L Seeber  are greatly acknowledged.
Sample Data were collected from a sample of 901 English-speaking (71. 8%) and French-speaking (28. 2%) parents. The sample comprised 79. 57% women. Participants were aged 20 to 59 (mean age = 36. 71; SD = 6. 84). 53. 38% parents came from England, 26. 41% from Belgium, 9. 65% from the United States. The remaining 10. 56% were from France, Canada, Ireland, Wales, Scotland, and other European countries. The mean number of siblings was 2. 10 (SD = 0. 70), ranging from 1 to 7. Their children's ages ranged from 0 to 39 years, and 41% of the parents had at least one child younger than 5 years. Among the parents, 3. 7% reported having one child suffering from a chronic or severe disease, 6. 4% from a disability, and 16% from a behavioral, emotional, or learning disorder. The educational level of the parents was calculated as the number of years of education they had completed from first grade onward.
Procedure The current study was approved by the Institutional Review Board. Data were collected from English-speaking parents on the Prolific platform (https://www. prolific. ac/) while Frenchspeaking parents were informed about the research program through social networks, websites, or by word of mouth. On the Prolific platform, parents were rewarded £3 for their participation. The French-speaking parents who completed the questionnaire had the opportunity to enter a lottery with a chance of winning e200. Participants who wished to participate in the lottery had to provide their email address, but the latter was disconnected from their questionnaire. The participants completed an online survey which was presented as a study about "Parenting today/Être Parent Aujourd'hui. " Parents were eligible to participate in the studies only if they had (at least) one child still living at home.
The informed consent they signed allowed participants to withdraw at any stage without having to justify their withdrawal. They were also assured that data would remain anonymous. The questionnaire was completed with a forced choice option, ensuring a dataset with no missing data. First of all, a potential measure of parental burnout was designed based on thorough testimonies from five Frenchspeaking exhausted parents. These testimonies were gathered by two collaborators of ours who were interested in going deeper into the experience of burned-out parents through interpretative phenomenological analysis (see in the current Research Topic  Hubert and Isabelle, 2018). Parents participated in their qualitative research voluntarily in response to an advertisement displayed on social networks, websites and forums of parents, in particular a blog dedicated to maternal exhaustion, i.
Data Analyses We started by factor-analyzing the 50 items reflecting burnedout parents' experience. We excluded unsatisfactory items and then analyzed the internal validity of the resulting instrument (hereafter named Parental Burnout Assessment; PBA). Afterwards, we examined its convergence with the Parental Burnout Inventory (PBI) and compared the two instruments' pattern of correlations with other variables (demographic variables, coparenting disagreement, family disorganization and neuroticism, and job burnout). For the purpose of factor analyses, the sample was split into two subsamples of 450 and 451 participants respectively in order to compute Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) on two different samples. The 901 subjects were randomly assigned to one of the two subsamples.
The comparability of the two subsamples was checked with crosstabs and χ 2  analyses for categorical variables (e. g. , parent gender) and with one-way ANOVAs for continuous variables (e. g. , parent age). They were found to be strictly similar with regard to sociodemographic characteristics. Further analyses were conducted on the entire sample (N = 901). Statistical analyses were all computed using SPSS 25 (IBM, 2017) except for CFA, which was computed using Stata 16 software  (StataCorp. , 2016). The 50 initial items were subjected to an EFA (using maximum likelihood estimation with Varimax rotation) computed on the first subsample (N = 451). EFA permitted us to explore the number of meaningful underlying dimensions and to retain a pool of items. We applied parallel analysis to our dataset, a method that is currently considered the most reliable procedure to determine the correct number of factors  (Hayton et al.
, 2004). These analyses were based on a comparison between eigenvalues from a factor analysis of the actual data and eigenvalues from a factor analysis of a random dataset. We obtained the eigenvalues and standard deviations generated from completely random data (and necessary to perform parallel analysis) through the "Marley Watkins Monte Carlo PCA for Parallel Analysis" program  (Watkins, 2002a)  using the following parameters: 50 variables, 451 participants, and 1,000 replications. The number of components to be retained was based on the number of actual data eigenvalues higher than the upper 95% confidence limit of random data eigenvalues. A CFA was then performed on the second subsample (N = 450). The measurement model included four latent variables representing the concepts of exhaustion, contrast with previous parental self, feelings of being fed up and emotional distancing, and their indicators consisting of 9 items for exhaustion, 6 for contrast with previous parental self, 5 for feelings of being fed up, and 3 for emotional distancing 2.
" The genome's total length is 6,024,399 bp, with a GC content of 64. 03% and an N 50 value of 244,210 bp. A blast analysis of the complete 16S rRNA gene showed that this strain shares 82% identity with Pseudomonas alkylphenolica sp. nov. strain KL28 (12). Automated gene annotation carried out by the Prokaryotic Genome Annotation Pipeline (PGAP) version 4. 1 (13) identified 5,538 coding sequences and 89 RNA genes, while RAST version 2. 0 (14), using the ClassicRAST annotation scheme, detected 5,376 coding sequences and 76 RNA genes. RAST found a partial prophage genome (24 genes) on contig 61. PlasmidFinder version 1. 3 (15) and plasmidSPAdes (16), both using default settings, did not detect any plasmids. Five genes code for auxin synthesis. Siderophore sensing, transport, and reception are encoded by 34 genes, while 26 other genes encode siderophore synthesis and secretion, with 19 genes arranged in a pyoverdin gene cluster.
Data availability. This whole-genome shotgun project was deposited at DDBJ/ EMBL/GenBank under the accession number NFSA00000000. The version described in this paper is the first version, NFSA01000000. The 68 contigs have been deposited under the accession numbers NFSA01000001 to NFSA01000068. Raw sequencing data sets have been registered in the NCBI Sequence Read Archive database  (20)  under the accession number SRR5515064.
Methods Data are drawn from the COSEMIL study (COMportement SExuel des MILitaires), conducted between 2014 and 2015. The goal of the COSEMIL study was to explore sexual norms and practices among a representative sample of the French military as well as different components of sexual health, including STIs, unintended pregnancies, sexual violence, sexual dysfunctions and sexual satisfaction. COSEMIL followed a two-stage probability sampling design, based on the selection of 13 military units and 120 active duty members within each unit. Military units were randomly selected after stratification by location (Mainland France, or overseas bases) and military branch (Army, Navy, Air force), with unequal probabilities of selection based on unit size. Eleven units were selected in Mainland France (4 in the Army, 4 in the Navy and 3 in the Air Force) and one unit from each military branch was selected in Djibouti and French Guiana.
Within each unit, 120 service members aged 18 and over were randomly selected with over representation of women (20% in our survey while women represented 16% of the armed forces in 2014). Based on pilot testing, we anticipated that 30 to 50% of individuals would not be available during the two-day data collection period carried out in each unit, due to scheduling conflicts. We therefore randomly drew additional replacements (40 to 60 replacements/ unit). Replacements were included only if the initially selected individuals were not available at the time of data collection. Upon selection, participants attended an information session describing study goals and procedures. They were informed about the voluntary nature of the study and provided written consent to participate. The COSE-MIL survey received the approval of the French government oversight agency (Commission Nationale Informatique et Liberté, N°2014-100).
Procedure Consumers' perception, acceptance of, and WTP for DP products were examined using a questionnaire (available online as Supplementary Material). Respondents were recruited among customers at partner grocery stores belonging to one of the 2 largest grocery chains in Switzerland (i. e. , COOP). Eight grocery stores participated, 4 in the French-speaking region of Switzerland and 4 in the German-speaking region. For each language region, we collected data from 2 grocery stores in rural areas and from 2 large shopping malls near major Swiss cities. For the urban locations, 2 stores were located in the conurbation of Zurich (Germanspeaking part of Switzerland, 1. 334 million inhabitants; Swiss Statistics, 2016a), one was located in the conurbation of Lausanne (French-speaking region, 409,295 inhabitants), and another was located in the center of Fribourg (French-speaking region, conurbation of 105,406 inhabitants).
Data analysis All data analyses were conducted using SAS 9. 3 (SAS Institute, Cary, NC). Results are given as arithmetic mean ± standard deviation. An exploratory factor analysis was conducted using the FACTOR procedure with the Varimax rotation method to identify factors underlying the different items concerning the perception of chicken and eggs, DP chicken and eggs, and related factors (see Questionnaire section). Standardized Cronbach's α coefficients were obtained using the alpha option in the CORR procedure. Pearson's correlation coefficients were calculated between the factors extracted from the factor analysis and other important variables about purchase habits and demographics. Finally, a regression analysis using the GLMSELECT procedure was conducted with these same extracted factors and variables to evaluate the leverages of WTP for DP products.
Willingness to pay for dual-purpose poultry products and its predictors Willingness to pay. On average, respondents declared a WTP of CHF 37. 4 (± 13. 1) for 1 kg of DP chicken breast and CHF 4. 39 (± 1. 31) for a 6-pack of DP eggs (Figure  3 ). The mean WTP values were 13 and 29% greater than the observed prices for conventional Swiss chicken breast and eggs, respectively, but 34 and 9% lower than the observed prices for organic products. Regression analyses. Thirteen independent variables were included in each of the regression Table  5. Correlations among all factors (n = 400 to 402). analyses (SAS 9. 3, GLMSELECT procedure) to evaluate which factors predicted respondents' WTP for DP. All correlations between dependent and independent variables are presented in Table  5. Two regression analyses were conducted, the first for WTP for DP chicken (n = 205) and the second for WTP for DP eggs (n = 195; Table  6 ).
Risk-factors for discordance were evaluated for each self-report group, provided that there were a sufficient number of participants (n > 100). Unadjusted odds ratios (OR) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated from random-effects logistic regression models accounting for within-centre correlation (due to centre-specific experience with healthcare services)  [19]. All statistical analyses were performed using STATA (v12. 1, College Station, TX, USA) statistical software and significance was determined using a P-value <0. 05.
Acknowledgements. We wish to thank all study participants as well as all medical and paramedical centres participating in the study and our data management centre, especially  Frédéric Chau ,  Frédéric Fotre ,  Isabelle Goderel  and  Grégory Pannetier. We also acknowledge  Samia Hicham ,  Judith Leblanc ,  Manuela Sébire-Le Cam  and  Farid Djoumad  for their extraordinary effort in data collection at various sites. This work was supported by the  Agence Nationale de Recherche contre le Sida et les Hépatites  (grant no  2010-334 ,  2010 ) and  Mairie de Paris  (2010). Other unrestricted grants were received by  Gilead Sciences  (2010) and  Roche  (2010). A post-doctoral fellowship from SIDACTION was awarded to A. B. (2014) for some of the work presented in this manuscript. None of the funders was involved in any part of the data collection, analysis and manuscript writing.
Numerical simulation set-up For both slant angles, the computational domain starts 7. 250H in front of the model and extends to 18. 125H behind the model. The width of the domain is 6. 493H and its height is 4. 861H. These dimensions are recommended for the ERCOFTAC workshop on Refined Turbulence Modelling  [6] , and the cross section of the channel is identical to the open test section of the wind tunnel used in the experiments  [22]. These dimensions of the computational domain implies a blocking factor equal to 4. 28%. Keogh et al. [33]  showed that the blockage ratio plays an important role in the prediction of the drag coefficient. The mesh is generated using Hexpress TM , an automatic unstructured mesh generator. This software generates meshes containing only hexahedrals. For the car model and the floor, a no-slip boundary condition is used and the wall normal resolution is set to 0.
At this stage the samples should contain only primary silicates between 4 and 50 µm. To evaluate whether sample preparation fully removed secondary phases (e. g. , carbonates, oxides, clays) without affecting primary silicates, we made scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images at the University of Strasbourg, as shown in Sect. 3. 2. Our observations showed the method to be effective (see the Supplement for a further discussion on the efficacy of Th removal in this protocol) and the samples were deemed ready for disequilibrium analysis. Two duplicates of this pretreatment protocol were measured (see Table  3 ). They are remarkably consistent within errors for ( 230 Th/ 238 U) and ( 230 Th/ 234 U) and only slightly different for ( 234 U/ 238 U) (only twice the external uncertainty). Since the surface area data are also slightly different, this small difference could be associated with heterogeneities in the powder, fractionation of the grain size during the sampling of the powder or biases in the leaching process.
Determination of the recycling time and weathering intensities: Monte Carlo analysis A Monte Carlo approach was used to determine weathering intensities during both the pre-and post-deposition histories of the different moraine silts, and the duration of this predeposition history (called "recycling time" from this point forward). 10 Be exposure ages provide information on the deposition age of the moraines. The age extracted from U-Th data provide information on the time since the sediment was produced, so it is equal to the sum of sediment recycling time (time elapsed between comminution and deposition of the moraine) and the deposition age. The problem as formulated in Sect. 2. 3. 1 has a large number of unknowns compared to the amount of data in each equation, so the problem is underdetermined.
The scatter in ages is interesting given that luminescence dating yielded an even younger age of 123 ± 18 ka for the Deseado 2 limit  (Smedley et al. , 2016). This scatter may imply greater sediment reworking or a more complex relationship between moraines and outwash in this sequence. The Telken 5 depth profile gave an age of 780 ka +170/ -80 kyr that is stratigraphically consistent within our chronological dataset, but less helpful in determining when the limit was deposited. The error range spans MIS 18-24 (and radiometric datings gave a lower age of 760 ka for the Telken series), with larger probability around MIS 20, so it is possible that the moraine was deposited during MIS 20. Since the entire Telken moraine system must be older than 760 ka  (Singer et al. , 2004) , this implies that Telken 1 to 4 are also that age and that the Telken moraines represent different glacial advances during the same glacial cycle.
This paper presents an algorithm/architecture and Hardware/Software co-designs for implementing a digital edge computing layer on a Zynq platform in the context of the Internet of Multimedia Things (IoMT). Traditional cloud computing is no longer suitable for applications that require image processing due to cloud latency and privacy concerns. With edge computing, data are processed, analyzed, and encrypted very close to the device, which enable the ability to secure data and act rapidly on connected things. The proposed edge computing system is composed of a reconfigurable module to simultaneously compress and encrypt multiple images, along with wireless image transmission and display functionalities. A lightweight implementation of the proposed design is obtained by approximate computing of the discrete cosine transform (DCT) and by using a simple chaotic generator which greatly enhances the encryption efficiency.
A new paradigm often referred as edge computing (fog computing, near sensor computing) has emerged over the past few years to overcome these problems. Shi, et al. define edge computing as enabling technologies "allowing computation to be performed at the edge of the network, on downstream data on behalf of cloud services and upstream data on behalf of IoT services"  [2]. The goal of edge computing is to process data very close to the device, and send meaningful information only to higher layers. According to the International Data Corporation (IDC)  [3] , it is expected that by 2019 at least 40% of IoT-created data will be stored, processed, analyzed, and acted upon close to, or at the edge of, the network. The Internet of Multimedia Things (IoMT) can be considered as a class of the IoT. The IoMT is composed of smart things equipped with the capability to observe and/or interact with the physical environment  [4].
One interesting use case concerns video analysis, where the cameras can send high bandwidth video streams to a particular node (gateway) positioned at the edge of the network. The last perform video analysis and send low bandwidth streams to the network core  [6] , as depicted in Figure  1. "allowing computation to be performed at the edge of the network, on downstream data on behalf of cloud services and upstream data on behalf of IoT services"  [2]. The goal of edge computing is to process data very close to the device, and send meaningful information only to higher layers. According to the International Data Corporation (IDC)  [3] , it is expected that by 2019 at least 40% of IoT-created data will be stored, processed, analyzed, and acted upon close to, or at the edge of, the network. The Internet of Multimedia Things (IoMT) can be considered as a class of the IoT.
With Vivado HLS, we transformed a C code into an HDL language. For our work, we used VHDL as the target language. The DCT needs a two-dimensional matrix multiplication applied twice. Before starting the computation of the second matrix multiplication, we need to use the results of the first matrix multiplication. Some directives are applied to the C code in order to have high-level control over the implementation. For our work, we only used three directives: INLINE off, PIPELINE and INTERFACE. The first directive (INLINE) increases potential parallelism at the cost of extra hardware. With INLINE, instead of treating the function as a single hardware unit, this directive makes HLS inline the function every time it is called. The second (PIPELINE) directive is useful for DCT calculation that uses several loops and for the matrix multiplication of two nested loops.
Hardware Setup Our global hardware architecture is composed of two ZedBoard Xilinx evaluation boards, two Zigbee transceiver modules, and two High-Definition Multimedia Interface (HDMI) displays used for debugging and prototype validation. The ZedBoard is based on Zynq XC7Z020. This device has a large memory (DDR3 and QPSI) and several communication interfaces (USB, Ethernet, Peripheral Module PMODs, HDMI, etc. ). The ZedBoard SoC has an embedded ARM Cortex A9 processor commonly named PS (processing system) and a large FPGA fabric called PL (programmable logic). The communication between PS and PL is performed via AXI (advanced extensible interface) buses. An Analog Devices ADV7511 HDMI Transmitter provides a digital video interface to the ZedBoard. The HDMI display is connected to the SoC via HDMI port.