dataesr/scientific-paragraphs-categorization huggingface dataset:
Arti cial lights. Two different indices were used to assess the level of arti cial lights at night. The rst index in the number of street lights in a 300 meters radius around each AudioMoth (extracted from a vector database of the energy syndicate "Territoire d'énergie Loire-Atlantique"). The second is the level of ALAN in a 300 meters radius around each AudioMoth extracted from the VIIRS Stray Light Corrected Nighttime Day/Night Band Composites for the month of April 2022.
The speaker diarization task answers the question "who is speaking at a given time?". It represents valuable information for scene analysis in a domain such as robotics. In this paper, we introduce a temporal audio-visual fusion model for multiusers speaker diarization, with low computing requirement, a good robustness and an absence of training phase. The proposed method identifies the dominant speakers and tracks them over time by measuring the spatial coincidence between sound locations and visual presence. The model is generative, parameters are estimated online, and does not require training. Its effectiveness was assessed using two datasets, a public one and one collected in-house with the Pepper humanoid robot.
Data The proposed method is evaluated on two corpora. The first considered corpus is CAV3D  [15]. It contains 20 sequences with duration ranges from 15s to 80s. An evaluation is conducted on a subset SOT composed of 9 sequences with a single speaker and a subset SOT2 composed of 6 sequences with a single active speaker and a second interfering person (not speaking). The second corpus is recorded by ourselves on Pepper, a humanoid robot from Softbank Robotics. It contains dialogs between two or three persons. A total of 9 different subjects participated in this experience: 2 women, 7 men. Participants were asked to speak one at a time and try to avoid overlapping. We brought variations to dialogs by asking participants to randomly move in and out the scene, face the robot or look at each others.
Different positions in the room were used to obtain different acoustic configurations. In a three-person dialogue, the participant positioned in the middle was requested to remain silent, to act as a distractor. The total duration is around eleven minutes and dominant speaker is carefully labeled in each frame. Windows with a bounding box that is either undetected or inaccurately computed are put aside. It was observed that the Pepper SSL occasionally experiences issues with activation, and in the absence of calibration of the Pepper SSL module, windows containing speech but no SSL detection are discarded too.
Results The diarization performance is evaluated by Diarization Error Rate (DER), the lower the better. It contains three terms: Missing Detection (MS), False Alarm (FA), and Speaker Error (SPKE). To evaluate the acoustic conditions we investigate CAV3D dataset with and without an oracle VAD. Those results can be compared to those of the audio-visual speaker diarization state of the art (SOTA): WST  [14]  and the audio only speaker diarization SOTA VBx  [17]  on the AMI corpus  [18]. The AMI corpus is a collection of meetings which shows similarities with the Pepper corpus. WTS yields to 21. 3% and 21. 1% of DER on the two AMI subsets ES and IS and VBx to 38. 65% for the whole AMI corpus. Both are computed without an oracle VAD. We denote similar results taking variation of DER between datasets into account.
CONCLUSION We proposed a model for temporal speaker-diarization based on principled mathematical and algorithmic concepts coupled with two types of perception, SSL and plane image. This model shows good results with a capacity of adaptation to different acoustic conditions without training phase. Thus this diarization method is not biased towards a particular training dataset, hence it is applicable to a large number of practical human-robot interaction scenarios. The VAD function and Robustness are carried by the uniform component of the mixture, which collects sound source locations that are far from the Gaussian components, which are centered around the faces. However to get the audio-image fusion, an interpolation needs to be made between SSL and image plan for every micro configuration, thus removing this micro configuration dependency is a challenge for future work.
The use of an oracle significantly lowers the DER as it gives valuable information The performances (%) of our model for different experience set, A t is set with oracle VAD derived from diarization labels, or with presence or absence of SSL to reduce the number of FA. Results on CAV3D are promising, the model losses only 4. 28% of DER between SOT and SOT2 without oracle VAD. With a DER of 19. 27% on the Pepper corpus we can assume that our model fulfills its diarization goal in a standard robotic case. This method shows interesting results on SOT2 with a SPKE of 0%. The prediction only matches the right person when it detects a speaker. But it substantially decreases on the Pepper dataset. It comes from more complex scenarios and may also be related to Pepper micro quality.
Introduction: The aim of this study was to describe the management of neovascular agerelated macular degeneration (nAMD) in French patients between 2008 and 2018. Methods: This was a retrospective longitudinal cohort study using exhaustive nationwide health records from the French National Health Information database. Enrollment criteria were adults aged C 50 years, nAMD diagnosis, or reimbursement for nAMD treatments (anti-vascular epithelial growth factor [VEGF] injection or dynamic phototherapy with verteporfin). Exclusion criteria were high myopia, diagnosis of other retinal diseases, and treatments for other macular diseases (dexamethasone implant, laser). Main outcome measures were consumption of medical care and nAMD treatments per calendar year and number of years of follow-up. Results: Between 2008 and 2018, we identified 342,961 patients who have been treated for nAMD.
Study Design and Data Sources This was a retrospective longitudinal population study based on data extracted from the French National Health Insurance Database (Systeme National des Donnees de Sante; SNDS), which contains comprehensive patientlevel data for all individuals in France covered by national health insurance. The SNDS covers 99% of the French population from the time of birth or immigration to France, up to the time of to death or emigration from France  [6]. Data in the SNDS are pseudonymized and contain individual-level data on demographics (age, sex, area of residence, date of birth), reimbursed drugs (dispensation date and number of units), long-term chronic disease diagnosis, dates and descriptions of paramedical interventions, procedures and laboratory tests, private and public hospitalizations (admission date, duration, main and associated diagnoses, medical consultations etc.
), and date and cause of death. Coding, data dictionaries, and data quality control have been described in detail elsewhere  [7, 8]. The SNDS only includes data by patient and thus does not distinguish between eyes of a given patient. The LANDSCAPE study was approved by the relevant French agencies for data protection and health data (the Commission Nationale de l'Informatique et des Libertes [CNIL] and the INDS [Institut National des Donnees de Sante]). Ethical approval was not required for this observational study, in line with French regulations. Studies using anonymous SNDS data do not require individual informed consent from patients in the database. This study was conducted according to the Declaration of Helsinki and adhered to all relevant regulations in France.
However, even if exclusion criteria were present, nAMD was confirmed if a patient had at least one hospital stay or long-term disease with an ICD-10 diagnosis of AMD (ICD code H35. 3) or if they were treated by phototherapy with verteporfin. The treatment initiation date was defined as the first IVT anti-VEGF dispensing date or the date of laser photocoagulation. Patients were followed until they finished consuming healthcare or having treatment, or the patient died or emigrated (thus exiting the SNDS database).
We analyzed data for each treatment year, and until the end of consumption of healthcare (regardless of treatment type) or the patient exited the SNDS database (due to death or emigration). We analyzed consumption of medical care provided by ophthalmologists, general practitioners, orthoptists, and other specialists. Data from ophthalmological imaging examinations were analyzed in terms of diagnosis and monitoring, including optical coherence tomography (OCT), fluorescein angiography, and indocyanine green angiography. Ophthalmological follow-up was defined by any reimbursed care or medical action that the patient received from an ophthalmologist, so as to account for the variety of reimbursement claims arising from a visit. These included consultations, ocular imaging or treatment (IVT injection, laser procedure, among others).
Patient Characteristics A total of 342,961 patients with nAMD who were treated between 2008 and 2018 were identified in the SNDS database. The mean (SD) age of newly treated nAMD patients was 78. 8 (8. 1) years in 2008, increasing to 81. 2 (7. 9) years in 2018. About two thirds of newly treated nAMD patients were female (67. 5% in 2008, 64. 1% in 2018) (Table  1 ). Comorbid hypertension was reported for 69. 5% of patients, and almost 10% had cardiovascular or neurovascular comorbidities (Table  1 ).
DISCUSSION We used exhaustive nationwide data from the French National Health Insurance Database   (SNDS) to describe nAMD management prior to and following initiation of nAMD treatment (anti-VEGF or dynamic phototherapy) for the 342,961 patients with nAMD who had been previously identified in the French population between 2008 and 2018  [2]. Our results revealed a short duration of treatment for nAMD (median 10 months) despite a median ophthalmological follow-up period of 7 years. The percentage of treated patients decreased by 50% in year 2 to 49. 6%. The most common first-line treatment was ranibizumab (67. 5% of patients), and about 20% of all patients switched treatment at least once. In the 90 days prior to the initiation of nAMD treatment, most patients consulted an ophthalmologist (90.
Other treatments used for a minority (\ 10%) of nAMD patients, such as macular laser, photodynamic therapy, bevacizumab, and pegaptanib sodium injection, declined throughout the study period as they were replaced by newer anti-VEGFs or as marketing of a drug ceased. The strengths and weaknesses of the LAND-SCAPE study were mainly associated with the SNDS data source. The SNDS health claims database covers around 99% of French residents due to the universal healthcare system in France and the comprehensive reimbursement of medical care. Therefore, the granular data in the SNDS allows large longitudinal population-level studies with high statistical power, no risk of selection bias, and a low rate of attrition. However, there are limitations to using SNDS data. The SNDS records healthcare consumption by patient, without distinguishing between eyes.
Editorial Assistance. Editorial assistance was provided by Fiona Dunlevy PhD and Matrix Consultants. Support for this assistance was funded by Novartis SAS, France. Data Availability. The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are not publicly available due to the French law on access to the French National Health Insurance Database (Systeme National des Donnees de Sante; SNDS). Open Access. This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4. 0 International License, which permits any non-commercial use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made.
Search Strategy and Selection Criteria Studies cited in this review were searched on PubMed (NCBI) and Google databases, using the following keywords: Hspa9, Mortalin, Grp75, Parkinson disease, synuclein, DJ1, mitochondria, MPTP, 6-OHDA, oxidative stress. We focused on publications from the last 5 years and only returned to older publications when necessary (first discovery or analysis). These searches were performed between September 2021 and April 2022.
The objective was to assemble a multidisciplinary development group and it was therefore essential to include professionals from relevant disciplines (gynecological oncology and gynecology, medical, clinical and radiation oncology, pathology) to contribute to the validity and acceptability of the guidelines. To ensure that the statements were evidence based, the current literature was reviewed and critically appraised. A systematic, unbiased literature review of relevant studies published between January 2017 and March 2022 was carried out using the MEDLINE database (see Online Supplemental File 2). The literature search was limited to publications in English. Priority was given to high-quality systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and randomized controlled trials, but studies of lower levels of evidence were also evaluated.
Workup including imaging, need of pathology review and tumour board, surgical staging of nodal disease when applicable, availability of both surgery and radiation therapy in most cases, and avoidance of combining both modalities if possible, are principles shared with the general case. Based on these principles, the algorithm of staging procedures (imaging with or without surgery), surgical management, or radiation therapy according to clinical and pathological stage should also be as consistent as possible with the general situation. In this specific situation, additional available decisional parameters are the pathological margin status and presence of residual tumour. The recent literature has not added a lot to knowledge  169, 170. The most informative recent publication on the outcome of management modalities is a paper derived from the SEER database 170.
In the National Cancer Database during the period 2004-2015, more than 100 000 new cases of cervical cancer were reported. Of these, squamous cell carcinoma accounted for about 76% and adenocarcinomas for about 23% of the cases  302. Carcinosarcomas and sarcomas, including leiomyosarcomas, adenosarcomas and rhabdomyosarcomas accounted for most of the remaining approximately 1% of cases.
Acknowledgements The authors thank  ESGO ,  ESTRO , and  ESP  for their support. The authors also thank the  155  international reviewers (physicians and patient representatives, see Appendix 2) for their valuable comments and suggestions. The authors thank the ESGO office, especially  Kamila Macku ,  Tereza Cicakova , and  Kateřina Šibravová , provided invaluable logistical and administrative support throughout the process.
J Minim Invasive Gynecol 24, 757-763 (2017). Wang, Y. , et al. Is salvage radiotherapy optimal to patients with occult cervical cancer undergoing inadvertent simple hysterectomy? A propensity score-matched analysis of a nationwide clinical oncology database. Jpn J Clin Oncol 51, 630-638 (2021). Potter, R. , et al. MRI-guided adaptive brachytherapy in locally advanced cervical cancer (EMBRACE-I): a multicentre prospective cohort study. Lancet Oncol 22, 538-547 (2021). Potter, R. , et al. The EMBRACE II study: The outcome and prospect of two decades of evolution within the GEC-ESTRO GYN working group and the EMBRACE studies. Clin Transl Radiat Oncol 9, 48-60 (2018). 173. Lindegaard, J. C. , et al. Prognostic Implications of Uterine Cervical Cancer Regression During Chemoradiation Evaluated by the T-Score in the Multicenter EMBRACE I Study.
178. Lindegaard, J. C. , et al. Early clinical outcome of coverage probability based treatment planning for simultaneous integrated boost of nodes in locally advanced cervical cancer. Acta Oncol 56, 1479-1486 (2017). 179. Ramlov, A. , et al. Clinical implementation of coverage probability planning for nodal boosting in locally meta-analysis. Eur J Surg Oncol 48, 261-267 (2022). Kokka, F. , et al. Hysterectomy with radiotherapy or chemotherapy or both for women with locally advanced cervical cancer. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 8, CD010260 (2022). Miriyala, R. , Mahantshetty, U. , Maheshwari, A. & Gupta, S. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by surgery in cervical cancer: past, present and future. Int J Gynecol Cancer 32, 260-265 (2022). Gupta, S. , et al. Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Followed by Radical Surgery Versus Concomitant Chemotherapy and Radiotherapy in Patients With Stage IB2, IIA, or IIB Squamous Cervical Cancer: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
Surgical Management of Malignant Intestinal Obstruction: Outcome and Prognostic Factors. Chirurgia (Bucur) 114, 343-351 (2019). 251. Ripamonti, C. & Bruera, E. Palliative management of malignant bowel obstruction. Int J Gynecol Cancer 12, 135-143 (2002). 252. Kim, Y. J. , et al. Retrospective review of symptoms and palliative care interventions in women with advanced cervical cancer. Gynecol Oncol 139, 553-558 (2015). 253. Eleje, G. U. , Eke, A. C. , Igberase, G. O. , Igwegbe, A. O. & Eleje, L. I. Palliative interventions for controlling vaginal bleeding in advanced cervical cancer. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 3, CD011000 (2019). 254. Krakauer, E. L. , et al. Essential Package of Palliative Care for Women With Cervical Cancer: Responding to the Suffering of a Highly Vulnerable Population. JCO Glob Oncol 7, 873-885 (2021).
Acknowledgements We gratefully acknowledge the support provided by  ETH  and PSI technicians, electrical engineers and electricians. In particular, we appreciate the efforts of  M. Meier ,  L. Noorda ,  A. Angerer ,  R. Wagner ,  S. Hug ,  R. Schwarz ,  M. Ettenreich ,  L. Künzi ,  D. Di Calafiori ,  P. Bryan ,  E. Hüsler ,  R. Käch ,  H. Scheppus. We acknowledge financial support from the  Swiss National Science Foundation  through projects No. 117696  (PSI), No. 137664  (PSI), No. 144473  (PSI), No. 157079  (PSI), No. 172626  (PSI), No. 126562  (PSI), No. 169596  (PSI), No. 178951  (PSI), No. 181996  (Bern), No. 162574  (ETH), No. 172639  (ETH), No. 200441  (ETH). The group from  Jagiellonian University Cracow  acknowledges the support of the  National Science Center, Poland , Grants no.
UMO-2015/18/M/ST2/00056 , No. UMO-2020/37/B/ST2/02349 , and No. 2018/30/M/ST2/00319 , as well as by the  Excellence Initiative -Research University Program  at the  Jagiellonian University. This work was supported by the  Research Foundation-Flanders (BE)  under Grant no. G. 0D04. 21N. Collaborators at the  University of Sussex  acknowledge support from the  School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences , as well as from the  STFC  under Grant  ST/S000798/1. We acknowledge the support from the  DFG (DE)  on  PTB core  facility center of ultra-low magnetic field  KO 5321/3-1  and  TR 408/11-1. We acknowledge funding provided by the  Institute of Physics Belgrade  through a grant by the  Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia. This work is also supported by  Sigma Xi  grants #  G2017100190747806  and #  G2019100190747806 , and by the award of the  Swiss Government Excellence Scholarships (SERI-FCS)  #  2015.
A diffractive optical element (DOE) is introduced in between the PBS and the camera. The spacing between  (1)  , 13006  (2023)  the diffractive orders corresponds to the spacing between the SLM pixels. The beam reflected from the PBS, passes through DOE, establishing recurrent coupling between the photonic neurons. Finally, the camera positioned at the focal plane of the microscope objective 𝑀𝑂 2 , record the neuron response. The signal (i. e. optical intensity) recorded by the camera can be represented as : 𝐼 𝑖 𝐶𝐴𝑀 = 𝛽(|∑ 𝑊 𝑖,𝑗 𝐷𝑂𝐸 𝑁 𝑗=1 𝐸 𝑗 | 2 ) where, 𝑊 𝐷𝑂𝐸 is the DOE created coupling matrix. Therefore, the recurrent loop is closed when the camera images the SLM pixels (i. e. neurons), since the SLM is driven by the recorded images as electronic feedback. So, the Ikeda map which can be used to define the state of our recurrent neural network (RNN) can be represented as: 𝑥 𝑖 𝑛+1 = sin 2 (𝛽| ∑ 𝑊 𝑖,𝑗 𝐷𝑂𝐸 𝑁 𝑗=1 𝐸 𝑗 𝑛 | 2 + 𝛾𝑊 𝑖 𝑖𝑛𝑗 𝑢 𝑛+1 + 𝛩 0 ) where the state of the Spatial Light Modulator (SLM), denoted by 𝑥 𝑛+1 , is transmitted to the SLM using the control computer MATLAB.
Population Information about the involved HBM studies and the study design can be found in  (Gilles et al. , 2021). Arsenic data were obtained from Germany (GerES V-sub; 2015-2017), Sweden (Riksmaten adolescents; 2016-2017), Slovenia (SLO CRP; 2018), Spain  (BEA; 2017 -2018), France (ESTEBAN; 2014 -2016)  and Belgium  (FLEHS IV; 2017 -2018). Characteristics of the study participants and ethics can be found in  Gilles et al. (2022). Briefly, the age of participants ranged between 12 and 18 years. A 50:50 ratio of male and female participants, with individuals living in rural areas, in towns/suburbs and in cities, and with at least 10% of individuals from low, medium and high educational level (of the household) was a recommendation for the studies. No samples were taken from persons living in known natural or industrial hot spots.
Urinary arsenic concentrations Urinary measurements of the following arsenic species were collected: As(III): arsenite, As(V): arsenate, MMA: monomethylarsonic acid, DMA: dimithylarsenic acid, AB: arsenobetaine, As tot : total arsenic, TRA: toxic relevant arsenic. In most studies, TRA was calculated as a sum parameter (see further) except in the ESTEBAN study where it was determined by HPLC-ICPMS as a measured sum of species (As(III), As (V), MMA, DMA). Data were normalized for specific gravity (SG) except C SG = C bio (1. 024 -1) SG -1 With C SG the biomarker concentration in urine normalized for specific gravity, C bio the wet weight concentration of the biomarker in urine and SG Specific Gravity. The value 1. 024 was taken as average urinary specific gravity  (Kuiper et al. , 2021). Methodologies for handling data below limits of detection (LOD) or quantification (LOQ) have been a long-recognized issue.
Biomarker data are typically left-censored data; data below a LOD/LOQ for which the true value is unknown are often referred to as "left-censored". Depending on the laboratory, the LOD or LOQ was used as lower limit to report measured values. For measurements indicated as below these limits, possible values were randomly imputed by using a truncated lognormal distribution (R statistical analysis software package; R Core Team, 2018). This imputation was only performed if at least 30% of the concentrations had a value above the LOD or LOQ for a specific biomarker per study. Geometric means (GM) were only calculated if at least a quantification rate of 60% was obtained. Sum parameters (e. g. TRA or toxic relevant arsenic: As(III)+As(V)+ MMA + DMA; mass based) were only calculated if all of the compounds constituting the sum were analysed in a study and if at least one of the compounds was detected for at least 60%.
For the construction of sum parameters, values below LOD/LOQ were substituted by LOD/LOQ divided by 2 (as the randomly imputed biomarker data are not always available if detection frequency <30% as described above). LOD and LOQ values and detection frequencies per study are reported in Table  A1  (see supplementary material). For the study of ESTEBAN, information on concentrations of different As species was not available. TRA was reported by ESTEBAN as a measured sum of species without giving information on the contribution of the individual As species.