dataesr/scientific-paragraphs-categorization huggingface dataset:
Funding: This work was funded by  Inserm ,  CNRS , and  Université de Paris. This work was also supported by the  Investissements d'Avenir program   ANR-19-CE15-0016   IDEA ,  ANR-11-IDEX-0005-02  ( Sorbonne Paris Cite, Laboratoire d'excellence INFLAMEX ) and  ANR JC  ( ANR-17-CE17-0002-01 ). The work was also supported by the  Investissement d'Avenir program PHENOMIN  ( French National Infrastructure for Mouse Phenogenomics ;  ANR-10-INBS-07  to  B. Malissen ) and by the  "Association Française contre les Myopathies AFM Telethon" (Research  grant  AFM 19617  to  J. Davoust ). Institutional Review Board Statement: Animal studies were approved by the local ethical committee (comité d'éthique en expérimentation animale,  Faculté de Médecine Site Bichat, Université Paris Cité ) and by the  Department of Research of the French government  under the animal study proposal numbers APAFIS#  14682  and  14156.
MATERIALS AND METHODS We performed a retrospective cohort study at a single, tertiary, academic medical center of consecutive adults (older than 18 years of age) admitted with SAH between January 1, 2009, and December 31, 2018. This study was approved by the local institutional review board with a waiver of informed consent. Patients were excluded if there was evidence of trauma or primarily intraparenchymal or intraventricular hemorrhage. Clinical data were abstracted from the electronic health record, including demographics and risk factors for SAH (Online Supplemental Data). In addition to the CT hemorrhage pattern, the initial Hunt & Hess scores, modified Fisher grade, external ventricular drain placement, ventriculoperitoneal shunt placement, vasospasm, delayed cerebral ischemia, and rebleed events were documented.
Population Thirteen HD patients treated by rheopheresis (HD group with rheopheresis) in the dialysis center of the Hospital of La Conception (Marseille, France) were consecutively included between 1 February 2018 and 1 September 2019. The indication for rheopheresis therapy was either PAD-CLTI or calciphylaxis. Ten HD patients not treated by rheopheresis (HD group without rheopheresis) with peripheral artery disease history and microinflammatory status, defined as CRP > 5 ng/mL without infection, were also included as control group. All patients received at least 3 weekly dialysis sessions. The data included in this study were anonymized, approved, and registered at the Health Data Portal of Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille (PADS 22-370).
Funding ZJ and  J-BT  received financial support from the  French Government  as part of the "In-vestments of the future" program managed by the  National Research Agency (ANR) , Grant reference  ANR-10-IAHU-04. ZJ was supported by a research grant of the  Fédération Française de Cardiologie "Aide au Démarrage. "MA was funded by an  ESC   Training Grant  (grant no. App000059503 ).
She also emphasized the importance of cervical cancer screening in patients with uterine preservation, especially in HPV-related vaginal cancers. "In patients treated by surgery alone, both cervical cytology and HPV testing are recommended. However, in patients treated with radiotherapy, the cytology is not reliable because it has a high rate of false-positive results. HPV testing is recommended in these patients as its results are not influenced by radiotherapy". At the end of the interview, she highlighted the importance of specialized and multidisciplinary care for this rare disease and participation to clinical trials and large databases when possible to enrich evidence. Vulvar cancer is a rare disease with an annual incidence of two to three per 100,000 women  [4]. Last years, treatment for early-stage disease has undergone major advances  [4] [5] [6] [7].
Molecular Analysis in Endometrial Cancer Prof. Lorusso also talked about the role of immunotherapy in first-line treatment of endometrial cancer patients among MMRd category. Besides the RAINBO trial, there are several ongoing trials evaluating immunotherapy in first-line treatment for MMRd tumors in combination with chemotherapy but also as an alternative to chemotherapy. Prof. Lorusso believes that in the next two to three years the results of those trials will provide us with the knowledge to define the role of immunotherapy in this setting. Finally, we asked her if she believes that molecular analysis performed on the preoperative biopsy will be able to tailor the surgical management in the near future. She mentioned that either medical or surgical treatment (NCT02655016)  [26, 27]. Positive results of SOLO-1 (NCT01844986) and PAOLA-1 (NCT02477644) trials published in 2018 and 2019 showed that PARPi can be used not only as the maintenance therapy in patients with relapsed ovarian cancer, but also after first-line treatment of newly diagnosed disease  [28, 29].
Similarly, favorable results were confirmed in the PRIMA trial (NCT02655016) and data from recently presented phase 3 ATHENA MONO trial (NCT03522246) and phase 3 PRIME trial (NCT03709316). Based on the aforementioned studies, we know that PARPi significantly prolong median progression-free survival in patients with ovarian cancer as half of the patients with maintenance therapy after first-line treatment C o n f i d e n t i a l : F o r R e v i e w O n l y 14 During the ESGO meeting, we interviewed Prof. Mirza in this interesting topic. The molecular mechanism of how PARPi work in the biomarker positive population is well known. However, we still need to understand why PARPi can also be effective in the biomarker negative population. High efficacy was confirmed in BRCA mutated cases and in patients with mutations detected in homologous recombination-deficiency (HRD) tests.
However, based on the cut-off in HRD tests, it is not possible to predict which patients will respond to PARPi treatment. Therefore, Prof. Mirza would recommend using PARPi maintenance therapy after first-line treatment in most patients with ovarian cancer until a more sensitive test is available. Prof. Mirza also discussed the role of immunotherapy in ovarian cancer. Currently, data available from four phase 3 randomized clinical trials examining immunotherapy in first line, in platinum-sensitive relapse and in platinum-resistant relapse showed negative results (NCT02718417, NCT02580058, NCT03038100, NCT02891824). "In order to change this, we need to find a specific biomarker for ovarian cancer, other than PD-L1", he stated. Prof. Mirza continued explaining that "another point to examine is the regimens of immune checkpoint inhibitors administration as they were found ineffective in single agent therapy".
Two trials exploring the combination of immunotherapy with bevacizumab were also negative (NCT03038100, NCT02891824). Both treatment mechanisms and selection of patients need to be further investigated before introducing immunotherapy in routine clinical practice. Data from trials examining the combination of checkpoint inhibitors, PARPi and bevacizumab will be soon available and will help us learn more about the role of immunotherapy in ovarian cancer. Regarding the future of ovarian cancer research, "it should focus on treatment protocols for relapsed patients with previous PARPi maintenance therapy", he mentioned. Another area to explore is therapy options for HRD proficient patients with moderate response to PARPi. "More strictly selected populations with already predicted positive response based on patients' molecular characteristics should be a priority when planning future trials", he added.
Ledermann. He highlighted that "the introduction of front-line use of PARP inhibitors (PARPi) is a new milestone in treatment of ovarian cancer". Both olaparib and niraparib have led to significant improvements in progression-free survival  [27, 30]. Patients with a BRCA mutation have the greatest benefit from PARPi maintenance therapy. "Standard treatment for BRCAmutated patients should include either olaparib, olaparib plus bevacizumab or niraparib"  [27, 29, 30] , he explained. "Similarly, patients with HRD-positive tumors may benefit from the combination of olaparib and bevacizumab, or from niraparib monotherapy, so for these patients, maintenance therapy with a PARPi should be given", he added. In HRD-negative patients, the evidence supporting the use of niraparib as maintenance therapy is not as strong and it is not Regarding the use of bevacizumab in ovarian cancer, we discussed the reintroduction of bevacizumab in recurrent disease, he said "a randomized phase 3 trial (NCT01802749) showed that re-introducing or continuing bevacizumab beyond progression after first-line treatment with the same drug improved progression-free survival compared to standard chemotherapy alone"  [31].
Whilst bevacizumab is continued to progression for recurrent ovarian cancer, recent data have demonstrated that prolonging therapy in the first line setting does not improve outcome. He mentioned that "'The BOOST' trial (NCT01462890) showed that there was no difference in progression-free survival in patients receiving 15 or 30 months of bevacizumab, so the standard length of treatment remains as 15 months". Regarding low-grade ovarian cancer, Prof. Ledermann explained that it is a disease with a different biology, in which we need to improve treatment options. There is an ongoing clinical trial, NRG-019 (NCT04095364), to see whether letrozole alone is non-inferior to adding letrozole to chemotherapy in stage II-IV low grade serous ovarian cancer. Another important study (NCT02101788) in recurrent low-grade disease has shown that trametinib (MEK inhibitor) improves progression-free survival compared with physician choice, and although it is not licensed for use in ovarian cancer, it has become an option of the treatment of this rare cancer  [32].
with more tailored treatment, and she seemed convinced that "what we are discovering on the prognostic role of molecular classification will impact the radicality of surgery". Major Achievements in the Management of Ovarian Cancer (SOLO1, PAOLA1, PRIMA, ATHENAmono, Atalante) Interviewee: Professor Mansoor Raza Mirza from the Department of Oncology of the Finsen Centre, Rigshospitalet -Copenhagen University Hospital, Denmark. Interviewer: Dr. Joanna Kacperczyk-Bartnik, IJGC Editorial Fellow. Introduction of PARP inhibitors (PARPi) in ovarian cancer management protocols has significantly improved patients' prognosis and outcome during the last decade. Numerous clinical trials have been performed since the publication of the first phase 2 trial evaluating PARPi in maintenance therapy in platinum-sensitive relapsed ovarian cancer in 2012 (NCT00753545) and the announcement of the phase 3 NOVA trial results in 2016.
Congress Attendance Congress-venue emissions included cooling energy associated with company attendees' body heat load (assumed to be 150 W per person; sensible plus latent load). We estimated congress-venue emissions using the admittance method calculation with broad assumptions about the venue buildings (venues were assumed to be square, single story, with no windows, and total areas were based on published venue floor areas and numbers of attendees) and climate data for the city and month in which the congress was held. We considered other venue loads, such as lights and power, to be the responsibility of the venue, and the proportion of heating/cooling energy for non-company attendees to be their own responsibility. We based time spent at the congress venue on published programmes for European congresses: the ASCO programme was not summarised in one place and therefore we assumed that attendance time was 8 h per day.
Introduction: Soluble markers of B cell activation are interesting diagnostic and prognostic tools in autoimmune diseases. Data in systemic sclerosis (SSc) are scarce and few studies focused on their association with disease characteristics. Methods: 1. Serum levels of 14 B cell biomarkers (b2-microglobulin, rheumatoid factor (RF), immunoglobulins (Ig) G, IgA, IgM, BAFF, APRIL, soluble (s)TACI, sBCMA sCD21, sCD23, sCD25, sCD27, CXCL13) were measured in SSc patients and healthy controls (HC). 2. Associations between these biomarkers and SSc characteristics were assessed. 3. The pathophysiological relevance of identified associations was explored by studying protein production in B cell culture supernatant. Results: In a discovery panel of 80 SSc patients encompassing the broad spectrum of disease manifestations, we observed a higher frequency of RF positivity, and increased levels of b2-microglobulin, IgG and CXCL13 compared with HC.
Specifically, patients with PAH (= group 1 PH) fulfilled the hemodynamic definition for pre-capillary PH: mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP) > 20 mmHg with pulmonary arterial wedge pressure (PAWP) ≤ 15 mmHg and pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) ≥ 3 Wood units (WU). In our first exploratory step, we designed our discovery cohort to be enriched in the most severe SSc complications, in order to unmask associations with biomarkers that could have been missed otherwise. To do so, we selected a panel of 80 patients from our clinical database, aiming at including approximately an equal proportion of patients with limited and diffuse cutaneous subsets, an equal proportion of patients with no/limited/extensive ILD, and about a quarter of patients with PH. For this population, there were no exclusion criteria.
Data and samples collection Data were collected systematically by a physician in a standardized case-report form for all patients referred to our day-patient clinic. All of them underwent a comprehensive evaluation performed within the same day. Data collected included patient and SSc characteristics, clinical parameters (including modified Rodnan skin score (mRSS) and New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class), biological results (including C-reactive protein (CRP) and N-terminal prohormone of brain natriuretic peptide (Nt-pro-BNP) levels), transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) (including peak tricuspid regurgitation velocity (TRV) and left ventricle ejection fraction (LVEF)), pulmonary function tests (PFT) (including forced vital capacity (FVC), total lung capacity (TLC) and diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (DLCO)), composite scores (European Scleroderma Study Group Activity Index (EScSG-AI) (61), Medsger severity score  (62) , scleroderma Health Assessment Questionnaire (sHAQ)  (63) ) and treatments.
For patients with PAH, hemodynamic data at PAH diagnosis as well as from the last available RHC evaluation were also collected. Whole blood samples were collected during routine venipuncture on the same day as clinical evaluation and were processed immediately after collection. Serum samples were obtained after clotting and centrifugation and were immediately stored at -80°C. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated with density gradient centrifugation using Ficoll medium (Eurobio © ), freezed in dimethyl sulfoxide-containing cryopreservative medium and stored in liquid nitrogen.
Serum levels of soluble markers of B cell activation A panel of circulating proteins reflecting immune activation, especially associated with B cells, was selected based on data from the literature. Serum concentrations of b2-microglobulin were measured using commercially available assays on the fully automated Optilite ® turbidimetric analyzer (The Binding Site Group Ltd). Serum concentrations of rheumatoid factor (RF) were measured using commercially available fluorimetric assays (Phadia 250 ® , Thermo Fischer Scientific). Serum concentrations of IgA, IgG and IgM were measured using commercially available nephelemetric assays (Siemens). Normal range values were defined according to the manufacturer's specifications. Serum concentrations of sBCMA and sCD21 were measured in duplicate using commercial ELISA assays (Human BCMA/ TNFRSF17 DuoSet ELISA, cat.
B cell production of angiogenic mediators A panel of proteins associated with angiogenesis was selected based on data from the literature, and included angiogenin, angiopoietin 1, angiopoietin 2, angiopoietin-like protein 6 (ANGPTL-6), Tie-2, endostatin, endothelin-1, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), VEGF receptor (VEGFR)-1, VEGFR-2, VEGFR-3, platelet derived growth factor (PDGF)-AA, PDGF-AB, PDGF-BB, L-selectin, matrix metallopeptidase ( M M P ) -3 , M M P -8 , M M P -9 , t i s s u e i n h i b i t o r o f metalloproteinases (TIMP)-1, bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-9, thrombospondin 2, uPAR, and neuropilin 1. B cell production of these angiogenic mediators was assessed in culture supernatants in duplicate using commercial customized premixed multiplex assays (Luminex Assay, R&D Systems), according to the manufacturer's protocol.
Rare moderate-risk pathogenic variants  By using an explicit genetic model, they can account for both genetic testing and detailed FH. BOADICEA includes the genes BRCA1, BRCA2, PALB2, CHEK2 and ATM, with dominance in that order, along with a BC susceptibility polygenic component. The EOC model includes the genes BRCA1, BRCA2, RAD51D, RAD51C and BRIP1, with dominance in that order, along with an EOC susceptibility polygenic component. Details of the underlying model are included in the online supplemental material. The values of the parameters for the original models were determined by complex segregation analysis. 9 10 However, this was not possible for the extended versions since no sufficiently large dataset containing all the model features was available. Instead, we adopted a synthetic approach,  23  in which additional model parameters are taken from large-scale external studies.
8,  21  and it was therefore updated to the Dorling et al  15  estimate. The previously assumed RR estimates for PVs in BRCA1, BRCA2, PALB2 and CHEK2  8 21  were based on large studies that enabled the estimation of age-specific risks or were estimated as part of the BOADICEA model fitting process, and were not updated, except for the BRCA2-associated EOC RRs for ages 59 and over (online supplemental material). The PV carrier frequencies for PALB2, CHEK2 (including all PVs), ATM, BARD1, RAD51D, RAD51C and BRIP1 and screening test sensitivities for all genes were derived from Dorling et al. 15  We used the BRIDGES study to derive these frequency estimates as it is a very large population-based dataset that includes targeted sequencing data. Frequencies were based on the control frequencies in European populations, adjusted for the assumed sensitivity of the sequencing and the fact that large rearrangements were not detectable (online supplemental material).
The refinement will have little effect on incidences from larger countries. Our models have certain limitations. No single dataset containing all the required information was available to construct ) of the root-mean-squared relative discretisation error as a function of the number of bins. The error was taken to be the absolute difference between the value and the asymptotic extrapolation of the measurements as a function of the number of bins. The average is taken over 100 heights that are spaced 1% apart, from 0. 5% to 99. 5%. the multifactorial models, so the models were extended via a synthetic approach. The new model parameters were taken from extensive, well-designed published studies together with existing parameters from model fitting. 9 10 We and others have used this approach for developing previous versions of the models,  8 11 12 21 40 41  which have been shown to provide clinically valid predictions.
Funding This work has been supported by grants from  Cancer Research UK  ( C12292/A20861  and  PPRPGM-Nov20\100002 ); the  European Union 's  Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme  under grant agreement numbers  633784  (B-CAST) and 634935 (BRIDGES); the  PERSPECTIVE I&I  project, which the  Government of Canada  funds through  Genome Canada  (# 13529 ) and the  Canadian Institutes of Health Research  (# 155865 ), the  Ministère de l'Économie et de l'Innovation du Québec through Genome Québec , the  Quebec Breast Cancer Foundation , the  CHU de Quebec Foundation  and the  Ontario Research Fund. MT is supported by the  NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre  ( BRC-1215-20014 ).
A DESCRIPTIVE SYNTHESIS OF OBSERVATIONAL EVIDENCE We looked at studies that have reported associations between influenza, as an exposure, and extrapulmonary medical outcomes (excluding typical manifestations of influenza such as pneumonia or broadly defined "respiratory disease"). We applied the PECO (population, exposure, comparison, and outcome) framework  [10]  to guide in developing our search terms. The population included any community-dwelling or hospitalized individual, irrespective of age. The exposure was influenza, either clinically diagnosed as influenza or ILI, laboratory confirmed at the individual level, or indicated through surveillance data at the population level. The comparison group included non-influenza control populations or control time periods during which influenza was absent.
Influenza Definitions and Study Types There was considerable heterogeneity in the definition of influenza applied in the 243 estimates included in this review, generally reflecting poor ascertainment of influenza as an exposure (Table  1 , Figure  2 ). Influenza positivity rate from surveillance data was the most common, applied in 105 of 243 (43%) studies, which almost exclusively (102/105) used time-series/excess modeling methods. Clinical diagnosis of influenza captured through International Classification of Diseases (ICD) or other codes accounted for 95 (39%) effect estimates. Laboratory confirmation (polymerase chain reaction [PCR], serology, rapid tests, culture or other) was applied for only 28 (12%) estimates, never before 2004, and most commonly in case-control (15/35 case-control estimates [43%]) and self-controlled case series (8/14 [57%]) studies.
Objectives: Bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide (B/F/TAF) is an effective treatment for HIV-1 infection; however, clinical trial data in older people living with HIV (PLWH) are lacking. The primary 24-week and secondary 48-week analyses of study GS-US-380-4449 (NCT03405935), which assessed the efficacy and safety of switching to B/F/TAF in older PLWH, have been published. Here we report the results of the final 96-week analyses from the study. Methods: In this 96-week, phase 3b, open-label, single-arm trial, virologically suppressed PLWH aged ≥65 years switched from elvitegravir/cobicistat/ emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide or a tenofovir disoproxil fumarate-based regimen to B/F/TAF. Viral suppression, resistance, immune response, safety, tolerability and adherence were evaluated through week 96.
Study design and participants Participants were PLWH ≥65 years of age who were receiving a stable ART regimen (i. e. , ≥3 months without changes); permitted regimens were E/C/F/TAF, or F/TDF plus a third agent in the case of participants who were/had previously enrolled in another trial that studied a switch from a TDF-based regimen to E/C/F/TAF (GS-US-292-1826; NCT02616783). Participants were required to have plasma HIV-1 RNA levels <50 copies/ml for the last two visits prior to screening. Participants switched to B/F/TAF (50/200/25 mg), which was administered as an oral, fixed-dose combination, given once daily for 96 weeks without regard to food intake. Clinical visits were carried out at day 1 (baseline) and weeks 4, 12, 24, 36, 48, 60, 72, 84 and 96. A follow-up visit was carried out 30 days after the 96-week visit.