dataesr/scientific-paragraphs-categorization huggingface dataset:
Results The search strategy identified 13,379 citations (Fig. 1 ). After removal of 3208 duplicates, 10,171 citations were screened by title and abstract. Of these, 9927 did not meet the criteria for inclusion. Therefore, 244 full text documents retrieved were screened for inclusion in the systematic scoping review. Finally, 136 documents met the inclusion criteria and were included in this systematic scoping review. These were 101 articles, 25 dissertations, and 10 conference abstracts, and they cover 84 studies (Fig. 1 ). Multiple documents on the same study were considered for the data extraction and are listed in the tables. The main study is indicated in bold. The most widely studied mind-body practice was a combination of least three relaxation techniques, followed by meditation, progressive muscle relaxation, yoga, hypnosis, guided imagery and Tai Chi/Qigong.
Three quarters of all studies (63/84) were performed in the United States, while seven were conducted in India, and two were carried out in Canada, China, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom. Iran, Japan, New Zealand, South Africa, Thailand and Zambia were the location for one study each. Seven studies were published before 1990. Thereafter, between 12 and 16 studies were published every 5 years, until 2010. Between 2011 and 2015, more than 20 published studies assessed mindbody practices in people living with HIV. Data from these studies show increasing interest in recent years in the HIV population for these types of practices. We present below the details (design, sample size, intervention and main results by mind-body practice) of the studies included in this review.
g. smoking, cannabis use) during adolescence. In this study, we aimed to clarify the consequences of adolescent binge drinking by exploiting the longitudinal design of the IMAGEN study  (G Schumann et al. , 2010). This study collected neuroimaging, personality traits, drinking behavior, and genetic variant data from a large population. The IMAGEN study recruited healthy individuals; therefore, alcohol misuse was defined as episodes of lifetime drunkenness (i. e. binge drinking)  (Whelan et al. , 2014). Different from previous studies, the longitudinal design enabled us to stratify the drinkers according to their onset of binge drinking. By identifying groups of extreme drinkers with the longest and the shortest histories of binge drinking in our sample, we were able to select the features that were associated with binge drinking and that also satisfied the hypothesis of trend.
Participants The IMAGEN study recruited a cohort of healthy adolescents at the age of 14. Informed consent was obtained from all subjects and their parents/guardians. The genetic data were collected at baseline, the neuroimaging data were collected at ages 14 and 19, and environmental and behavioral data were collected at ages 14, 16 and 19. The details of the study design and data quality are described in a previous report  (G Schumann et al. , 2010). In total, 212 participants were included in the current study; a flowchart of the inclusion criterion is presented in eFig. 1.
Resting-state functional imaging data A proportion of the participants in the IMAGEN study underwent resting-state fMRI (rsfMRI). In the IMAGEN study, much less rsfMRI data (n = 389) were collected at the base line (i. e. age 14). As rsfMRI got more and more attention, more data (n = 1069) were collected at the follow-up stage (i. e. age 19). All fMRI data were preprocessed by the Data Processing Assistant for Resting State fMRI (rfmri. org/DPARSF). For each individual, we calculated the resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) between each pair of brain regions [19,900 links for 200 atlas-defined brain regions, Craddock 2011 Atlas  (Craddock et al. , 2012)  eTable 3].
Longitudinal analysis We could not conduct a longitudinal analysis on the rsfMRI data because we only had 32 subjects (18 binge drinkers and 14 controls) with rsfMRI data available at the age of 14 after participant selection (eFig. 1). However, personalities were assessed at three time points (ages 14, 16, and 19); therefore, we estimated changes in personality between 14 and 16 years (difference  ) and between 16 and 19 years (difference 19-16 ). To compare the developmental trajectory of personality between the two different time periods (i. e. from 14 to 16 and from 16 to 19), difference 16-14 and difference 19-16 in binge drinkers must be established before and after binge drinking onset, respectively, thus only the short-term drinkers satisfied this condition. These differences were compared before and after the onset of binge drinking (significance was given by 1000 permutations of the paired median test).
By conducting an Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) with repeated measures using SPSS (Released 2011. IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 20. 0. Armonk, NY: IBM Corp), we were able to compare the longitudinal evolutions of both the impulsivity and the sensationseeking scores between the short-term drinkers and the control subjects. The same approach was also applied to difference 16-14 and difference 19-16. The covariates (sex and data collection sites) were regressing out from the measurements before the group comparisons.
Dr. Li  was partially supported by the  Shanghai Municipal Commission of Health and Family Planning  (grants  2017ZZ02026 ,  2018BR33 ,  2017EKHWYX-02  and  GDEK201709 ),  Shanghai Shenkang Hospital Development Center  (grant  16CR2025B ),  Shanghai Municipal Education Commission  (grant  20152234 ),  National Natural Science Foundation of China  (grants  81571031 ,  81761128035 , and  81703249 ),  Shanghai Committee of Science and Technology  (grants  17XD1403200  and  18DZ2313505 ),  Xinhua Hospital of Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine  (grants  2018YJRC03 , talent introduction-014, and Top talent-201603). This work also received support from the following sources: the  European Union -funded  FP6  Integrated Project IMAGEN (Reinforcement-related behavior in normal brain function and psychopathology) ( LSHM-CT-2007-037286 ), the  Horizon 2020  funded  ERC Advanced Grant "STRATIFY" (Brain network  based stratification of reinforcement-related disorders) (695313), ERANID (Understanding the  Interplay between Cultural, Biological and Subjective Factors in Drug Use Pathways)  ( PR-ST-0416-10004 ),  BRIDGET  ( JPND: BRain Imaging, cognition Dementia and next generation GEnomics ) ( MR/ N027558/1 ), the  FP7  projects  IMAGEMEND  ( 602450 ;  IMAging GEnetics  for MENtal Disorders) and MATRICS ( 603016 ), the  Innovative Medicine Initiative Project EU-AIMS  ( 115300-2 ), the  Medical Research Council Grant "c-VEDA" (Consortium on Vulnerability to Externalizing Disorders and Addictions)  ( MR/N000390/1 ), the  Swedish Research Council FORMAS , the  Medical Research Council , the  National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London , the  Bundesministeriumfür Bildung und Forschung (BMBF  grants  01GS08152 ;  01EV0711 ; eMED SysAlc01ZX1311A;.
Participants A power analysis using G*Power 3 software indicated that a total sample of 20 people would be needed to detect medium effects (d =. 30) with power (1 -β) set at 0. 80 and α =. 05 using an F test (repeated-measures analysis of variance [ANOVA], within factors) for main effect of category. Twelve mushroom experts (M age = 48. 2 years, SD = 18. 2, age range = 22-78) and 12 novices (M age = 46. 8 years, SD = 19. 5, age range = 21-76) were enrolled in this study. Participants assigned to the expert group possessed extensive knowledge of mushrooms and were active members of the SMF. Their expertise in this domain was confirmed with the aid of a questionnaire administered to all participants prior to the start of the experiment. For example, in response to a question about their number of years of experience, the experts said they had between 10 and 20 years of experience, while the majority also stated that they trusted their own judgment to recognize mushrooms.
Material We devised two tasks, run by PsychoPy software, for the purpose of this experiment: an identification/memorization task and a matching task. Images of mushrooms were first selected from the online databases of various mycological associations. These colored images depicted mushrooms in their natural environment and were all of the same size (5 × 5 cm). For the identification/memorization task, we constructed two sets of 24 images each depicting six categories of mushrooms, with four exemplars per category (see the appendix for the set of items). To attenuate primacy and recency effects, we included six buffers (three images of mushrooms at the beginning and three others at the end). Overall, each participant therefore saw 30 items, including 24 target items and six buffers. The 24 target items appeared randomly on the screen.
Scoring and Data Analysis For the identification/memorization task, we took two levels of identification into consideration when analyzing responses: basic and subordinate. For the free recall test, we considered the number of correctly recalled items and categorical grouping strategies (i. e. , when participants consecutively recalled two or more items from a single category, we noted how many groups they recalled). Finally, we analyzed the mean number of judgments of similarity and difference for both the chosen and nonchosen items in the matching task. Responses were classified according to whether they were perceptual (mushrooms of the same color or with the same shaped hat) or conceptual (mushrooms of the same variety or growing in the same environment or season). To this end, we calculated the mean number of units of perceptual or conceptual information provided by participants across all items.
Free Recall Task For the free recall task, data were analyzed using the nonparametric Mann-Whitney U test. In this test, experts (M = 32. 78%, SD = 2. 39) obtained better performances than novices (M = 12. 78, SD = 10. 03), Z = -4. 07, p <. 001. Another analysis was conducted on the use of recalling strategies based on categorical grouping. We calculated the number of grouping categories recalled by the participants including at least two items of the same category recalled consecutively. For example, when the participant recalled as first item Amanite des césars (Amanita of Caesars) and as second item Amanite épaisse (Thick Amanita), in this case, we identified one grouping category. Then, if the same participant recalled other items of another category consecutively, for example, Entolome livide, Entolome en bouclier, and Entolome des haies (Entoloma livid, Entoloma Shield, and Entoloma hedgerows), we counted it as another grouping category.
Study design and ethical approvals Data were collected from the Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence (HELENA study; www. helenastudy. com) conducted in European adolescents. The aim of the HELENA study was to obtain a broad range of standardized, reliable, and comparable nutrition-and health-related data from a random sample of European adolescents aged 12. 5e17. 5 years. A detailed description of the HELENA study methodology and sampling has been published elsewhere  [13, 14]. In total, 3528 participants (1844 girls and 1684 boys) meeting the inclusion criteria completed all examinations. The analyses in the present study are based on 1842 healthy participants aged 12. 5e17. 4 years from seven European cities: Lille (France), Spain Zaragoza (Spain), Dortmund (Germany), P ecs (Hungary), Ghent (Belgium), Roma (Italy) and Athens (Greece).
Physical activity assessment The GT1M Monitor (ActiGraph © , Pensacola, FL, USA) was used to assess PA in free-living conditions. The process for the use of this device, data collection and data cleaning has been described previously  [20]. Briefly, a fieldworker researcher at each center completed workshop training in how to instruct participants in using the device. The adolescents were instructed to wear the accelerometer on their lower back on elastic belt and adjustable buckle during seven consecutive days during their normal daily routine. They were also instructed to remove the accelerometer during swimming, showering, bathing and at night. Data were collected at 15 s an epoch intervals. After downloading of data, PA levels were converted and expressed as an average PA in mean counts per minute.
Analysis and Findings During the above process, children's responses to the questions posed at each stage of the intervention were recorded. Children's responses were then transferred into SPSS under three categories: sufficient, intermediate and insufficient. The following criteria of evaluation were applied when analysing children's responses: Sufficient responses were those provided by children who predicted and explained changes, associating them with thermic fluctuations on a qualitative scale, that is to say, in the way these changes can be appreciated by children of this age. Intermediate responses were those provided by children who made correct predictions referring to a kind of change, without being associated with thermal phenomena, or the opposite. Insufficient responses were those provided by children who failed to offer correct predictions and, when the children were asked to give explanations after the experimental activities, they did not express concrete ideas.
A strength of the MELIP study is the number of infants prospectively investigated, the largest reported in the literature to our knowledge, and recruitment within the two different GA groups, from 24 GW to full-term, was well balanced by our study design. The perinatal period was studied by comparing melatonin levels in both mothers and their neonates. Despite multicenter recruitment, environmental light and phototherapy guidelines were standardized and all information carefully recorded. The main limitation of our study is the threshold of detectability of melatonin, restricted by the low blood volume collected in serial sampling, due to ethical considerations (0. 1 mL). A substantial proportion of our data are likely overestimated because measurements below the threshold of 7 pg/mL were all reported as equal to 7 pg/mL, suggesting that statistical differences observed between groups may be underestimated in our study.
Study Design The MELIP study was a prospective, longitudinal, multicenter study. We enrolled mothers and their neonates in three French perinatal tertiary-care centers between April 2011 and January 2013. Mothers were eligible if they were more than 18 years old, and if they had no known chronic disease or drug therapy (beta-blockers, exogenous melatonin, cimetidine, quinolone). Eligible neonates were born and delivered between 24 0/7 and 41 6/7 gestational weeks (GW). Infants with congenital malformations or known chromosomal aberrations were excluded. According to GA at birth, infants were separated into two groups (24 0/7 -33 6/7 GW and 34 0/7 -41 6/7 GW) with different sample collection time-points. Trial Registration: clinicaltrials. gov identifier: NCT01340417. Patient consent: Written informed consent was obtained from all parents of eligible infants.
Main Outcomes and Sample Size Determination The two main primary outcomes were the comparisons of plasma melatonin and urine aMT6s concentrations between newborns according to their GA at birth. Plasma melatonin deficiency was defined as a concentration below 7 pg/mL. All plasma concentrations below this threshold were considered below or equal to 7 pg/mL (≤7 pg/mL). Milk melatonin concentration was reported as a secondary outcome. Sample size was based on differences in expected plasma melatonin concentrations in newborns according to their GA at birth. It was calculated with nQuery Advisor 6. 01 software assuming that plasma melatonin deficiency would occur in more than 50% of very preterm infants born before 33 6/7 GW and in only 25% of those born after 34 0/7 GW. The level was set at 5% and the power at 90%.
05. Odds ratios for logistic models or beta coefficients for linear mixed models and their 95% confidence intervals were calculated. All statistical tests were two-tailed with the significance level set at 5%. The analyses were conducted using SAS software (v9. 4, SAS Institute Inc. , Cary, NC, USA). In conclusion, this prospective cohort study shows that melatonin production and excretion are significantly lower in preterm infants born before 34 GW when compared to more mature infants. Based on intrinsic properties of this molecule, our data further support the rationale for giving supplemental melatonin as a potential neuroprotectant to this high-risk population. Supplementary Materials: Supplementary materials can be found at http://www. mdpi. com/1422-0067/20/9/2077/ s1.
Conceptualization, P. G. , C. A. and J. B. ; Data curation, V. B. , J. -F. B. , B. C. , A. F. , O. G. , B. H. , J. S. and S. G. -C. ; Formal analysis, F. D. , N. B. , P. B. , J. -F. B. , E. J. -A. , M. C. , R. G. , J. -M. L. , A. -L. V. and A. Y. ; Funding acquisition, V. B. ; Investigation, V. B. , F. D. , N. B. , B. C. and O. B. ; Methodology, P. B. , C. A. and T. S. ; Supervision, V. B. and P. G. ; Validation, V. B. , B. C. , C. A. and O. B. ; Writing-original draft, V. B. ; Writing-review & editing, V. B. and O. B. Funding: This study was supported by a research grant from the French Ministry of Health and sponsored by the Délégation à la Recherche Clinique et à l'Innovation, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AOR10024) and PremUP foundation. (The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript).
Author Contributions: Conceptualization, P. G. , C. A. and J. B. ; Data curation, V. B. , J. -F. B. , B. C. , A. F. , O. G. , B. H. , J. S. and S. G. -C. ; Formal analysis, F. D. , N. B. , P. B. , J. -F. B. , E. J. -A. , M. C. , R. G. , J. -M. L. , A. -L. V. and A. Y. ; Funding acquisition, V. B. ; Investigation, V. B. , F. D. , N. B. , B. C. and O. B. ; Methodology, P. B. , C. A. and T. S. ; Supervision, V. B. and P. G. ; Validation, V. B. , B. C. , C. A. and O. B. ; Writing-original draft, V. B. ; Writing-review & editing, V. B. and O. B. Funding: This study was supported by a research grant from the French Ministry of Health and sponsored by the Délégation à la Recherche Clinique et à l'Innovation, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AOR10024) and PremUP foundation. (The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript).
Ranking metrics for multiple outcomes Suppose that we have two interventions  and  and two outcomes  1 and  2. Without loss in generality we suppose that for both outcome the larger the value the better the treatment. The probability that intervention  is better than intervention  in both outcomes  1 and  2 is 𝑃 𝑖>𝑗 = 𝑃 ( 𝜇 𝑖 𝑂 1 > 𝜇 𝑗 𝑂 1 ∩ 𝜇 𝑖 𝑂 2 > 𝜇 𝑗 𝑂 2 ) = 𝑃 ( 𝑍 𝑂 1 < μ𝑖 𝑂 1 -μ𝑗 𝑂 1 𝜎 𝑖𝑗 𝑂 1 ∩ 𝑍 𝑂 2 < μ𝑖 𝑂 2 -μ𝑗 𝑂 2 𝜎 𝑖𝑗 𝑂 2 ) = Φ 2 ( 𝑍 𝑂 1 < μ𝑖 𝑂 1 -μ𝑗 𝑂 1 𝜎 𝑖𝑗 𝑂 1 , 𝑍 𝑂 2 < μ𝑖 𝑂 2 -μ𝑗 𝑂 2 𝜎 𝑖𝑗 𝑂 2 ) , where   1 ,   2 ∼ (0, 1) and Φ 2 is the cdf of a standard bivariate normal distribution with between-study correlation  between  1  2. We used R package mvtnorm  (Hothorn, Bretz, & Genz, 2001)  to compute cumulative probabilities from a multivariate normal distribution. Ideally, a multivariate NMA would provide us with correlation estimates but the method is not so easy to use in practice.
Description of the dataset We use a network of 212 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and 43,049 participants comparing 15 antipsychotic drugs and placebo  (Leucht et al. , 2013). Details about the methodology and results for this systematic review can be found in the relevant publication  (Leucht et al. , 2013). In this manuscript, we focused on the primary efficacy outcome measured by the overall change in symptoms on a validated scale, all-cause discontinuation (acceptability) and weight gain. Efficacy and weight gain are continuous outcomes and treatment differences are measured with the Standardized Mean Difference (SMD) whereas the Odds Ratio (OR) is used for acceptability. We transform the ORs to SMDs using formula SMD = √ 3  log OR  (Chinn, 2000).
Data collection Baseline data were collected during a semi-structured ED visit led by an attending physician. They included demographics, basic information about the index SA (medication/drug overdose, use of alcohol), and information regarding current treatment for anxiety, depression, alcohol/drug related disorder, or eating disorder. The outcome consisted in occurrence of at least one suicide reattempt during the follow-up period. Follow-up assessments were conducted at 6 months, and 13-14 months by a trained psychologist, blinded to patients' group. The 13-14 month window for the second follow-up was chosen to avoid the 12-month SA anniversary date. To limit the recall bias, the patient status with respect to SA attempts was verified by cross-matching patients' interview, reviews of medical records, and communication with patient's GP, psychiatrists and caregivers.
Measures Synchronization's trigger signals between performance data (i. e. , vehicle handling) and electrophysiological data (ECG and SCL signals) were used to identify the end of each driving event (overtaking/pedestrian), from which the car following task was analysed. The end of the pedestrian event was identified 10 s after the crossing of the trajectories of the participant's vehicle and of the pedestrian. The end of the overtaking events was identified 10 s after the complete overtaking manoeuver. Performance and electrophysiological variables were processed over the first 30 s following the end of driving events and over the total duration of the car following task (5 min following the end of driving events).
Electrophysiological measures The skin conductance level (SCL) was low-pass filtered at 1 Hz using a zero time-lag second-order Butterworth filter (Matlab, Mathworks) to remove high frequency noise. In order to make data comparable among participants, the filtered SCL signals were normalized  [12]. To this aim, SCL was first recorded at rest before the drive during 5 min, while participants sat in the simulator without any stimulation, and then averaged to be considered as the reference. SCL recorded during driving was then divided at each sampling point by the reference to obtain the normalized SCL signal (see Fig. 1 ). At last, the mean value of the normalized SCL signal (noted MSCL in the following sections) was computed. ECG data were band pass filtered from one to 35 Hz with a IIR digital filter using the AcqKnowledge software (BIOPAC System).
Discussion and perspectives The objective of the present study was to provide a better understanding of long-lasting electrophysiological and performance variations induced by driving events involving an increase in mental workload. To this aim, traffic density and time pressure were varied during two driving sessions in which a standardised car following task was performed after some specific driving events. Electrophysiological and performance data were cut into temporal windows (short: 30 s and long: 5 min after the events) to analyse the impact of an increased mental workload experienced by the participants. As expected, a higher mental workload subjective estimation (NASA TLX questionnaire) was obtained for the experimental session compared to the baseline session regardless of the event (occurrence of a pedestrian or overtaking manoeuver).