Title: Regulatory variants explain much more heritability than coding variants across 11 common diseases
Authors: last_name: Gusev
first_name: Alexander
name: Alexander Gusev
affiliations: label: 1
institution: Harvard School of Public Health
country: USA
name: Harvard School of Public Health , Boston, Massachusetts, USA .
last_name: Lee
first_name: S. Hong
name: S. Hong Lee
affiliations: label: 2
institution: The University of Queensland, Queensland Brain Institute
country: Australia
name: The University of Queensland, Queensland Brain Institute , Brisbane, Queensland, Australia .
last_name: Neale
first_name: Benjamin M.
name: Benjamin M. Neale
affiliations: label: 3
institution: Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School
country: USA
name: Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts, USA .
label: 4
institution: Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard
country: USA
name: Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard , Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA .
last_name: Trynka
first_name: Gosia
name: Gosia Trynka
affiliations: label: 5
institution: Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School
country: USA
name: Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts, USA .
label: 6
institution: Division of Rheumatology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School
country: USA
name: Division of Rheumatology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts, USA .
label: 7
institution: Partners Center for Personalized Genetic Medicine
country: USA
name: Partners Center for Personalized Genetic Medicine , Boston, Massachusetts, USA .
label: 8
institution: Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard
country: USA
name: Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard , Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA .
last_name: Vilhjálmsson
first_name: Bjarni J.
name: Bjarni J. Vilhjálmsson
affiliations: label: 1
institution: Harvard School of Public Health
country: USA
name: Harvard School of Public Health , Boston, Massachusetts, USA .
last_name: Finucane
first_name: Hilary
name: Hilary Finucane
affiliations: label: 9
institution: Department of Mathematics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
country: USA
name: Department of Mathematics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Massachusetts, USA .
last_name: Xu
first_name: Han
name: Han Xu
affiliations: label: 10
institution: Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard School of Public Health
country: USA
name: 10 Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard School of Public Health , Boston, Massachusetts, USA .
last_name: Zang
first_name: Chongzhi
name: Chongzhi Zang
affiliations: label: 10
institution: Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard School of Public Health
country: USA
name: 10 Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard School of Public Health , Boston, Massachusetts, USA .
last_name: Ripke
first_name: Stephan
name: Stephan Ripke
affiliations: label: 3
institution: Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School
country: USA
name: Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts, USA .
label: 4
institution: Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard
country: USA
name: Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard , Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA .
last_name: Stahl
first_name: Eli
name: Eli Stahl
affiliations: label: 11
institution: The Department of Psychiatry at Mount Sinai School of Medicine
country: USA
name: 11 The Department of Psychiatry at Mount Sinai School of Medicine , New York, New York, USA .
last_name: Kähler
first_name: Anna K.
name: Anna K. Kähler
affiliations: label: 12
institution: Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet
country: Sweden
name: 12 Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm, Sweden
last_name: Hultman
first_name: Christina M.
name: Christina M. Hultman
affiliations: label: 12
institution: Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet
country: Sweden
name: 12 Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm, Sweden
last_name: Purcell
first_name: Shaun M.
name: Shaun M. Purcell
affiliations: label: 3
institution: Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School
country: USA
name: Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts, USA .
label: 4
institution: Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard
country: USA
name: Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard , Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA .
label: 11
institution: The Department of Psychiatry at Mount Sinai School of Medicine
country: USA
name: 11 The Department of Psychiatry at Mount Sinai School of Medicine , New York, New York, USA .
last_name: McCarroll
first_name: Steven A.
name: Steven A. McCarroll
affiliations: label: 4
institution: Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard
country: USA
name: Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard , Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA .
last_name: Daly
first_name: Mark
name: Mark Daly
affiliations: label: 3
institution: Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School
country: USA
name: Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts, USA .
label: 4
institution: Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard
country: USA
name: Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard , Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA .
last_name: Pasaniuc
first_name: Bogdan
name: Bogdan Pasaniuc
affiliations: label: 13
institution: Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA
country: USA
name: 13 Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA , Los Angeles, California, USA
last_name: Sullivan
first_name: Patrick F.
name: Patrick F. Sullivan
affiliations: label: 14
institution: Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
country: USA
name: 14 Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA .
last_name: Wray
first_name: Naomi R.
name: Naomi R. Wray
affiliations: label: 2
institution: The University of Queensland, Queensland Brain Institute
country: Australia
name: The University of Queensland, Queensland Brain Institute , Brisbane, Queensland, Australia .
last_name: Raychaudhuri
first_name: Soumya
name: Soumya Raychaudhuri
affiliations: label: 5
institution: Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School
country: USA
name: Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts, USA .
label: 6
institution: Division of Rheumatology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School
country: USA
name: Division of Rheumatology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts, USA .
label: 7
institution: Partners Center for Personalized Genetic Medicine
country: USA
name: Partners Center for Personalized Genetic Medicine , Boston, Massachusetts, USA .
label: 8
institution: Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard
country: USA
name: Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard , Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA .
label: 15
institution: Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester
name: 15 Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester , Manchester, UK
last_name: Price
first_name: Alkes L.
name: Alkes L. Price
affiliations: label: 1
institution: Harvard School of Public Health
country: USA
name: Harvard School of Public Health , Boston, Massachusetts, USA .
label: 8
institution: Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard
country: USA
name: Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard , Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA .
Affiliations: label: 1
institution: Harvard School of Public Health
country: USA
name: Harvard School of Public Health , Boston, Massachusetts, USA .
label: 2
institution: The University of Queensland, Queensland Brain Institute
country: Australia
name: The University of Queensland, Queensland Brain Institute , Brisbane, Queensland, Australia .
label: 3
institution: Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School
country: USA
name: Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts, USA .
label: 4
institution: Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard
country: USA
name: Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard , Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA .
label: 5
institution: Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School
country: USA
name: Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts, USA .
label: 6
institution: Division of Rheumatology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School
country: USA
name: Division of Rheumatology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts, USA .
label: 7
institution: Partners Center for Personalized Genetic Medicine
country: USA
name: Partners Center for Personalized Genetic Medicine , Boston, Massachusetts, USA .
label: 8
institution: Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard
country: USA
name: Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard , Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA .
label: 9
institution: Department of Mathematics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
country: USA
name: Department of Mathematics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Massachusetts, USA .
label: 10
institution: Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard School of Public Health
country: USA
name: 10 Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard School of Public Health , Boston, Massachusetts, USA .
label: 11
institution: The Department of Psychiatry at Mount Sinai School of Medicine
country: USA
name: 11 The Department of Psychiatry at Mount Sinai School of Medicine , New York, New York, USA .
label: 12
institution: Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet
country: Sweden
name: 12 Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm, Sweden
label: 13
institution: Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA
country: USA
name: 13 Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA , Los Angeles, California, USA
label: 14
institution: Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
country: USA
name: 14 Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA .
label: 15
institution: Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester
name: 15 Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester , Manchester, UK
Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Document type: preprint
Year: 2014