 As background, it is generally accepted that female mammals (including humans)  are born with a fixed amount or supply of eggs.  As those eggs age, they lose energy.  Energy is  stored in mitochondria, so the loss of energy relates to the decline in mitochondrial function.   One often used analogy is to that of a flashlight:  if an egg is seen as a flashlight and it has been  sitting on the shelf for 38 years, it may still function, but will require new batteries (or  mitochondria).      Studies have been conducted using the mitochondria from younger donor eggs  and inserting it into “older eggs.”  However, this was not a permissible procedure because it  involved three persons: the father (sperm), the mother (egg), and a donor (younger  mitochondria).      One of OvaScience’s founders, Jonathan Tilly, Ph.D. (“Tilly”), was involved in  the discovery of EggPCs and began to study whether the mitochondria from those EggPCs in the  lining of the ovaries could be injected into eggs, thereby using the same woman’s mitochondria  and eggs.  This is the basis of the AUGMENT treatment whereby mitochondria are co-injected  with the sperm during an IVF procedure.    Therefore, the procedure is a traditional IVF process with the addition of the first  extraction surgery and the injection of the mitochondria with the sperm.    The IVF market has grown dramatically over the past twenty years and is highly  lucrative.  In 2012, IVF market revenue was approximately $9.3 billion, and that number is  expected to grow up to $21.6 billion by 2020.4  Another analyst has projected that by 2022, the  global IVF market will reach $27 billion.5    As women opt to have children later and later in life, and as infertility rates  continue to rise, the IVF market is only expected to continue to rapidly grow moving forward.   Due to the personal and time-sensitive nature of the market, it can be described as frantic or  reactive.      However, on September 10, 2013, in a press release entitled “OvaScience  Provides Update on AUGMENT,” filed on Form 8-K with the SEC, the Company announced  that it “has chosen to suspend enrollment of AUGMENT in the U.S. while moving forward with  its plans for enrollment outside of the U.S.”  The Company previously had a number of  communications with the FDA, who advised that the Company should file an Investigational  New Drug (“IND”) application.  The IND application would mean the trial would need to meet  much more stringent and costly approval standards.  Instead of conforming to the more stringent  and costly standards for approval, OvaScience took its IVF clinics outside of the U.S.    In 2014, the Company launched a trial in Turkey at the Gen-art IVF clinic in  Ankara, overseen by Kutlul Oktay, M.D., F.A.C.O.G., involving eight women who had  previously failed three or more IVF cycles.  Of the eight, only two women reported a clinical  pregnancy, although only one resulted in an ongoing pregnancy, meaning an actual success rate  of just one in eight, or 12.5%.  The women in the Turkish trial ranged in age from 27 to 41.    Also in 2014, OvaScience launched a clinic in Toronto, Canada involving 26  women who had previously failed one to three IVF cycles.  This clinic was overseen by Robert  F. Casper, M.D., F.R.C.S.(C), Medical Director of TCART Fertility Partners of Toronto,  Canada.  The average age of the pregnant women in the Canadian study was 33, which is very  young for IVF.  Nine of the women in the study became pregnant with seven ongoing  pregnancies, or a success rate of 26.9% (7/26).  OvaScience is likewise attempting studies at the  Fakih IVF clinic in Dubai, United Arab Emirates.    II.  For Violations of §15 of the Securities Act   Against the Individual Defendants  171.  Plaintiff repeats and realleges each and every allegation contained above as if  fully set forth herein.  172.  The Individual Defendants were controlling persons of the Company within the  meaning of §15 of the Securities Act.  By reason of their ownership interest in, senior  management positions at, and/or directorships held at the Company, as alleged above, these  Defendants invest in, individually and collectively, had the power to influence, and exercised the  same, over the Company to cause it to engage in the conduct complained of herein.   173.  By reason of such wrongful conduct, the Individual Defendants are liable  pursuant to §15 of the Securities Act.  As a direct and proximate result of the wrongful conduct,  Class members suffered damages in connection with their purchases of the Company’s shares.  I.  OVASCIENCE AND THE AUGMENT FERTILITY TREATMENT   RETIREMENT SYSTEM, On Behalf of  Themselves and All Others Similarly Situated,  Plaintiff,  v. 