 By virtue of operating a mobile phone network, AT&T knows its customers’ real- time locations because it has to collect that information to provide service to its customers’  cellular phones.    Cellular phone networks work by routing phone calls, text messages, and data for  email messages, Internet browsing, mobile applications, and other operations from a network of  fixed towers containing antennas to an individual customer’s cell phone.     A.  AT&T Has Access to Its Customers’ Real-Time Location Data by Virtue of  Operating a Mobile Cellular Phone Network.    A.  AT&T Has Access to Its Customers’ Real-Time Location Data by Virtue of Operating a  Mobile Cellular Phone Network  .........................................................................................9  B.  Public Reports Reveal AT&T’s Sale of Access to Its Customers’ Real-Time Location  Data, and the Rampant Abuses Flowing from Such Sale ..................................................10  C.  Defendants Developed and Profit from a Robust Market for Customers’ Real-Time  Location Data .....................................................................................................................21  D.  Defendants Sell Access to Location Data Intended for Enhanced 911- Purposes .............27  E.  AT&T Allowed Unauthorized Third Parties to Access Customers’ Location Data ..........32  F.  Defendants’ Sale of Access to Customers’ Location Data Is Outrageous and Harmful ...36  G.  The Sale of Location Data Violates Reasonable Expectations of Privacy and Is Highly  Offensive ............................................................................................................................39  H.  AT&T’s Misrepresentations and Omissions Concerning the Sale of Customer Location  Data ....................................................................................................................................55  I.  Fraudulent Concealment and Tolling ................................................................................62  J.  Named Plaintiff Allegations ..............................................................................................62 