darklight03/StackMIAsub huggingface dataset:
In our class today we spoke about the Einstein and Debye models. We associated the Einstein model with the optical phonons and the Debye one with the acoustic phonons. But I have a question: what is the argument made for associating acoustic phonons with the Debye model and the optical phonons with the Einstein model?
I understand that wavelength is inversely proportional to index of refraction, which causes dispersion of light (red visible light is deflected less than purple), and total internal reflection. Is there a way to explain, based on these concepts why red objects (as seen in white light) absorb most light other than red light, which gets reflected?
I'm trying refer to a node and its ancestors, but not its descendants. There's a decent discussion about this here but most of the suggestions would include descendants (kin, lineage, blood-line, etc.) Typically I'd just say "a node and its ancestors" but I'm trying name this variable in a computer program and I can't come up with anything good.
I would like an alternative way to write the following statement I accept that my brother is a terrorist and condemn his actions with the condition that you accept that your father is a war criminal and you condemn his war crimes. The obvious implication being, my condemnation is conditional. Or is the phrase "with the condition that" correct and sufficient in this statement?
My oven has the heating element in the bottom. So the bottom shelf is more directly exposed to it, and should be the hottest shelf. But hot air rises, so the top shelf should have the hottest air, and should be the hottest shelf. I don't know which logic to follow! What part of my oven should be the hottest?
Are these the same thing? I understand the marginal likelihood is the predictive likelihood over the prior, but since the GP the prior is defined on the training set, are these the same thing? Can we show it mathematically?
I don't want to reinvent new names when writing a paper. I want to ask if there is already a name for a "zero measure", or "null measure", which makes every measurable set measure zero.
Before the big bang, there was a point surrounded by nothing (no space or anything). Then the big bang happened and the universe expanded. so beyond the universe's limits, there is nothing? I don't understand this, can someone help me? I'm not a physicist I just wonder. and also the expanding rate of the universe affects the speed of time or not?
I am a physics undergraduate student currently taking a classical mechanics course, and I am not able to understand what conjugate/canonical momentum is (physically). It is sometimes equal to the linear momentum we know but not all the time. What exactly is potential momentum? It would be great if someone could explain it in simple words.
I find the word "meta" to have a unique meaning. People have begun using it as a standalone word, as in, "That movie was so meta." However, I think this is colloquial, and it often means "philosophical, mind-bending", not strictly "a self-referential system", in the precise sense. What could be a good adjectival form of "meta"? "Metalogical"? "Metaistic"?
I found a post that mentioned this problem where students get confused when interpreting mixed numbers: Avoiding confusion between mixed fractions and multiplication If a student ask "then when can I assume there is a multiplication sign between two numbers", what is the correct answer?
If energy exerted is a function of distance and force, the object would not move in this case. But would energy not still be exerted? Simplified the example for sake of clarity; but specifically asking with regards to a person doing something like a bicep curl and learning to only squeeze their bicep, rather than tensing their whole arm and fighting against themselves.
Anti-bumping granules are usually small stones. I presume that the principle of these granules ensuring smooth boiling, is that it blocks the upward motion of solution molecules. Usually the stones have an irregular shape. I am wondering, if the anti-bumping granules are in regular shapes, like a sphere, a cube, will there be some influences to the anti-bumping action of the granules?
I remember there is a term/saying for accidentally speaking something out loud about what you secretly wish for. For example: you like someone, but you aren't awared of it, but then accidentally say it out loud in a conversation.
If I am not mistaken, this video says that X-rays travel faster in glass than in a vacuum. Special Relativity says that information can not travel faster than the speed of light in a vacuum, so what is keeping us from making Tachyon Phones with glass and x-rays?
Since the time it takes for the earth to complete one rotation about itself (i.e., the time we call "day") is not constant, then the angular speed is also not constant, that is, there is a non-zero angular acceleration. What is the corresponding torque(s) causing this angular accelaration?
For example, if John has a bike. It's John's bike. It's John, a colleague of mine, 's bike. How do you really write that? I know I can just say "It's the bike of John, a colleague of mine," but that doesn't sound as clean as using 's.
I searched for some answers, but most answers discussed the meaning of torsion, instead of its definition. Not knowing how the torsion is defined (in cohomology) I couldn't understand those answers at all.
I am a non-native speaker and for this very special example I can't find any explicit rules in the literature: The paths, whose lengths are equal, have been created. Is "whose" the right word here? I can only find singular examples and wonder if the word must change for plurals.
After spending some time looking for different means and mediums to model blackholes, I came across sonic holes which are modeled through Bose-Einstein-Condensates. However I have not been able to find any other possible methods of modeling blackholes (other than computer simulations). This question addresses the issue only partially. Are there any other proposed or experimentally tested methods of modeling blackholes?
I was wondering if it was possible to have an infinite ray in a finite tree? This is impossible merely from the fact that an infinite ray goes through infinite vertices, contradicting the finiteness of the tree right? Is it fine if I just stated this as an obvious lemma? Thanks.
I understand that anywhere is an adverb in this sentence: We couldn't go anywhere nice to eat. However, I am a little confused about how nice to eat is explained. nice and to eat both modify the adverbial anywhere , but I'm not understanding how that works. I've always learned that adjectives don't modify adverbs. Could someone explain this sentence structure to me?
In quantum mechanics we know that every operator can be represented by a matrix.Being a beginner of quantum optics, my question is does there exist a matrix for squeezing operator also? If does, can the elements of the matrix be parameterized?
It is well known that a covering space of a graph is also a graph. It is also true that the image of a graph under a covering map is a graph? I'm not sure that this is true, but I cannot find a counterexample.
I would like to know the correct preposition for research when used with "any topic." Should it be: It enables us to research any topic with ease. Or: It enables us to research into any topic with ease.
I am struggling with analysing the sentence 'Y happens, benefitting patients with X'. I can see that 'Y benefits patients with X' uses the present tense simple form of the verb. But in the first example, is 'benefitting' functioning as a gerund or an adjective?
I know that in general, nearby paths in a chaotic system tend to diverge exponentially, but are there continuous systems where paths diverge at other rates? For example, is there a system where nearby paths diverge say double exponentially or at some rate determined by tetration? Or are there ones with slower divergence, for example only quadratic or cubic divergence instead of exponential?
I'm looking for a catch-all term. Do we say "intellectual property work" or "intellectual property content" or something else? For example, At the moment, the best solution is to file their work with intellectual property office in specific jurisdictions where the creators wish to protect their IPs. Could I say "their work?"
Is there "a categorical way" of speaking of objects in a monoidal category which can't be written as a tensor product? (We have to be careful with multiplication by the unit.) The same can asked for a cartesian category and there might be a smoother way of answering the question. Both questions seem interesting to me.
What's the difference between "wave" used with "to" and "wave" used with "at"? Two sentences as examples: She's waving at the person behind me. and The lookout man had waved to me as I approached. Could either choice be used in each sentence?
I'm finding everywhere this fact about this being the simplest knot which is not equivallent to its reverse (same knot, other orientation), but I can't find any proofs out there and I also don't know any invariants that can distinguish these two, so if anyone knows which invariant can do this or where to find the proof, I would be very grateful.
One teacher told me that the bare infinitive cannot be used as the direct object of a modal verb because it is not a noun. But, isn't infinitives with or without "to" infinitives?
Equilibrium position of a pendulum is defined as the position where no external force acts on the body and if no force is applied, it remains at rest. In the image, isn't gravity acting everywhere, then how will you define the middle point in the pendulum's motion as equilibrium position? Even if you remove gravity, initial push is required for it's motion.
Urbanization is at the stage when most people are aware of the central importance of infrastructure. Urbanization is at the stage where most people are aware of the central importance of infrastructure. Which is better to use 'when' or 'where' in both sentences and why? In my opinion, 'stage' indicates a period, i'm uncertain which word is more suitable.
This is puzzling to me because I have learnt that a charged sphere has the same electric field and electric potential at a point beyond its surface. So does it mean that a point charge is also inherently a sphere?
What is the current known record for the maximum number of ions that have been successfully trapped in a Paul trap? Could you also share a reference to the scientific article or any form of published research where this achievement has been documented?
I mean thermodynamic equilibrium implies mechanical equilibrium, but mechanical equilibrium doesn't mean to that the system to be in static equilibrium. For some reason, all the systems I have seen in thermodynamic equilibrium are at rest. Am I wrong with this thought?
I have read that moving ions generate a magnetic field as it moves. Similarly, is this also true regarding the nuclear magnetic moments of the atom? In other words, would a moving atom with a nuclear magnetic moment generate an electric field as it moves?
I read 'The Standard Model Effective Field Theory at Work' by Isidor, Wilsch, and Wyler. In a footnote, they say that, in principle, right-handed neutrinos could be included in the Standard Model by extending the fermion content. But these would be completely neutral under the Group of Standard Model. Why is that a problem? Why is the chiral fermion such a necessity?
When I pour dry lentils into a water bowl, I notice many of them form little clusters, with an air bubble in the center. Why does this happen? I'm guessing something about static electricity. But not sure bubbles or lentils have charge...
This perhaps may be very naive question, but could one consider an analogy to the parallel transport (as defined in this Wikipedia article) being a ball rolling on a flat table surface? If so, is then such an example also an example of holonomy or not?
I wasn't able to get a proper reason behind this and the only thing I could find were classical analogies for spin which (when I asked my prof) were not to be relied upon.
While seeing the derivations of the Rayleigh Jeans law and the Planck's Law for a Blackbody Radiation, I came across a fact that they assumed that Electromagnetic Radiation inside a cavity would form standing waves only. Why is it that the blackbody radiations inside the metal box should be a standing wave only in the derivation of Rayleigh Jeans law and Planck's law?
Could you give an intuition about why does MHD requires the following condition in time and spatial scales, please? Thanks. At scales much larger than the mean free path and gyroradius, and time scales much larger than the collision time and gyroperiod, the magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) model is good.
I have tried exploring different periodic functions combined with exponential growth rates, however, all my models fail to overshoot the carrying capacity. I have also examined piece-wise functions that could work, however something that is more elegant would be much more pleasing.
Do you know any trick for including rectangles around references, such as Figures, Tables, and url links, etc. in Texpad editor when the TexpadTeX typesetter is used? While I can manually change or hide these rectangles (or even alter their colors) using pdfLaTeX, etc. (i.e. manual typesetter) these commands seem to fail when using the TexpadTex typesetter. My goal:
I've noticed that "Diagnostic" can be used as a plural! Such as in some windows warning messages. What's the subtle difference between Diagnostic and Diagnosis? How do we use each of them in a correct way?
It is easy to see how primitive warfare might sometimes have beneficial environmental effects; it is not clear how they could amount to a cause of primitive warfare. Could you tell me, please, what grammatical tense is meant here, present or past tense?
How far apart do two vertical glass surfaces have to stand for a water droplet that is sticking to both of them to break into two? I apologize in advance for the question possibly being too imprecise .
That test particles travel along the geodesic is assumed in the context of GR. But does it apply to strongly gravitating object, such as black hole in an expanding universe, binary neutron star, etc.? How to justify if so?
I read about the classification theorem of finite simple groups, and I was wondering if there is a topological meaning to spaces that have a simple fundamental group? In addition, is there something that we can learn about spaces with finite simple fundamental groups, by using the classification theorem? Thank you in advance!
I'm in an argument with somebody, about this line. The number of customers increase vs The number of customers increases. We are focusing on the number, but the subject is plural. He's arguing that the subject is "number" I'm arguing that it's "customers" What would be grammatically correct? If there is a correct way, is there any references on it?
I'm new to LaTeX; is there a way to tell the TeX engine to generate the hyphenation of a given list of words as a text output file? For example: abdomen abduction aberrance ... What I want is something like: ab-domen ab-duc-tion aber-rance ... possibly as text.
I understand that the direction of the magnetic field lines at the equatorial plane is opposite to the direction of the magnetic moment by definition. Is there a reason of physical significance as to why that is the case?
The first post below provides examples of commutative non-cancellative Archimedean semigroups with no idempotents. Can anyone provide a reference to a characterization theorem for commutative non-cancellative Archimedean semigroups with no idempotents? (For example it is known that a commutative Archimedean semigroup with an idempotent is an ideal extension of a group by a nilsemigroup.)
I was just wondering what happens when you see a visible light, for example violet, and that light slowly increases/decreases until it's not visible to the human eye. Will it fade or just become instantly invisible? Could it even injure and cause blindness?
Do you have an example of a path-connected non-hausdorff space on which two points can't be injectively path-connected? (that is, any path between them is not injective). I tried to figure out what such a space should look like, and what its topological properties should be, but I failed. Thank you very much, AF
In Stephen King's The Jaunt, I found this sentence: Five Jaunt attendants circulate, speaking in low, cherry voices and offering glasses of milk. It's either a typo (was supposed to be 'cheery') or something I don't understand. Can anyone think of an idea?
What is the maximum possible rate of change of length-of-day (in units of minutes per day), on Earth? It is well known (and easy to observe) that it's larger near the equinoxes, and at higher latitudes, but how large can it be? (Perhaps we can use Seasonal changes in hours of daylight)
In an interview today, I was asked the definition of transformation group which I was unable to answer. I tried googling the same but I could not find a precise definition. Can someone please give precise definition or reference for the same? P.S: I am aware with groups of mobius transformations or orthogonal transformations etc.
For example, willingness to provide for someone is generosity and willingness to protect someone is bravery, but if we wanted to put both of these (an possibly other values) under an umbrella term, what would that word be?
Could you use me's as in something like this? The person behind me's phone keeps ringing. The person behind me's breathing sounds laboured. I've tried looking at other questions but I couldn't find anything about it in this context.
The correct way to cite an unpublished manuscript in apa is: Author. (Year). Title. [Unpublished manuscript] Department of blabla, University of blabla. However I can't get LaTeX to show me the "Department of blabla, University of blabla" part. Notes give parentheses such that: (Department of blabla, University of blabla)
When Hubble determined the distance to Andromeda he based his estimation on Cepheids. However, the result was less than half the current value. What was the cause of this error and could another adjustment happen in the future?
Some examples where we don't speak about abilities, but what is legally allowed: May I drive a car if I hold an international driver license? You may drive a car if you hold a driver license. I have never seen "may" in these contexts but I don't understand why I should use "can".
In the X-ray experiment, energy lost by the electron is released as a photon. When does this happen? If there is a single nucleus deflecting a single electron how many photons would be emitted? Does the photon emit when the electron is closest to the nucleus? Any links to reading material would be appreciated.
I would like to know what the rest of the sentences is. I would like to know what the rest of the sentences are. Can they both be correct depending on the context? The meaning I am aiming for is that some sentences are cut off mid-sentence, and so I cannot understand what is being said.
What are the best practices for having correct hyphenation in the bibliography section of documents when using Biblatex? Most times my bibliography seems wrongly formatted, especially in two-column documents. URLs and names with a hyphen are also difficult to deal with.
The word I'm looking for is similar to "claustrophobia"; it's to describe the feeling of being trapped in a place that feels too narrow, almost like you can't breathe properly in it. (A noun, preferably not a -phobia one.)
I just came across the words from the site "https://www.androidpolice.com/gmail-mark-all-messages-read/", which indicate, as for me the same thing but by using different words in the article "volume bar", "volume slider" and "volume rocker". So, my question is do these three indicate the same thing as the volume adjustment function on mobile phones? I've included a screenshot for your reference. Thanks
Do Canadians follow the American English pronunciation with the "eye" phoneme or do they tend to stick with the Commonwealth pronunciation, i.e. with the short "i" vowel? (Sorry, don't seem to be able to paste IPA.)
I understand magnets require cooling to achieve supermagnetivity. How much of liquid nitrogen do Maglevs carry with them? How much is required to keep them cool? What is liquid nitrogen consumption per distance traveled?
"Geometric median" seems like the obvious choice for "median (but for even number of values, take the geometric mean of the central two values instead of the arithmetic mean)", but this seems to have a different meaning. Is there a term for this type of median?
Usually a calculus or real analysis book has the following topics Convergence of sequences and functions Continuity Differentiability Integrability I am searching a book with those topics but such that each topic is developed in the most abstract way, i.e. convergence and continuity maybe from the perspective of topology or metric spaces and integrability from Lebesgue perspective. Thank you so much for your help.
Behold the joke in its original glory The judge looked down upon the counsel and said, Judge: Listen, counsel. I have been listening to you for three hours, and I am none the wiser. Barrister: I expected that, my lord, but I thought you might be better informed. How is "I thought you might be better informed" a jab at the judge?
I am writing a research paper and I have to write it in LaTeX but I am struggling to recreate the follow image into tikz code. Thank you in advance for your help
The pigeonhole principle seems self-evident, most people would accept it without evidence, but I wonder if we wanted to prove it, would we have to use the excluded middle principle? I would be grateful to provide a proof with or without the excluded middle principle, but I am curious as to which proof does not use the excluded middle principle.
Given a minimization optimization problem of a linear target function over the set of positive semidefinite matrices of some fixed maximal rank, subject to affine constraints, what are (analytical) methods to find lower bounds on the optimal value of that problem? If we had no rank constraints, the answer would be "convex optimization duality", but the rank constraint makes the problem non-convex.
I am using the latex workshop plugin in visual studio to write a tex file, everytime I save the document the background task will auto build the document, I have already find the auto compile in latex workshop but failed, is there any way to disable the auto compile process?
By measuring the energies of the emitted alpha particles, how can we say that they have energies less than the height of the nuclear potential well when they are inside the well? How can we be sure that alpha particles are not momentarily acquiring energies greater than the height of the nuclear potential well and coming out without requiring the mechanism of quantum tunneling?
What do you call the long straight pieces of metal, set into the ground, that you find at bus stops (at least in Canada)? People stand next to the post when waiting for the bus. They look like this: Do you call it a bus stop post?
We say that induced potential in a magnetic field is directly proportional to the rate of change of flux but when a wire moving perpendicularly in a uniform magnetic field at constant velocity it is said that a potential is induced.But there isn't any rate of change of flux . So how does it induce a potential?
If I released a giant cloud of Oxygen into space, would you be able to hear sound inside of it before it dissipated? From my understanding, the reason there is no sound in space is because there are no atoms for the sounds waves to interact with. So if you theoretically put atoms in space would they carry the sound?