darklight03/StackMIAsub huggingface dataset:
When the context is science, the word "theory" means a logical/mathematical framework which tries to explain the phenomena. Infact in science "Theories" carry some "Claims" or "Predictions" while every sub-discipline of science could be presented in many number of theories. But in "Mathematics" the word "Theory" seems to merely refer to a sub-discipline of a mathematical field of study. For example I could call "Number theory" the discipline of "Studying Diophantine equations" or "Group theory" the "Study of certain types of algebraic structures(namely Groups)" or "Differential equation theory" the "The methods of solving differential equations". Does the word "Theory" in mathematics have some special meaning like bringing some claims or predictions or is it just a reference to the mathematical sub-discipline we are studying?
Work is force applied over distance. Is it also reasonable to say that work is (the same thing as) the transfer of energy? When work is done, the equivalent energy is transferred. But if energy is transferred, such as by heating something, is that (or could that be) called work? Also, if a black body is subjected to a stream of energy, which it absorbs and radiates away, is any work done? The black body, let's assume, remains at a constant temperature, but energy is transferred to it and then radiated away. Is any work done? So what I'm really asking about is how the term "work" should be used.
I was just wondering that is it ever possible that some object produces only invisible light when it catches fire? Something like invisible flames. If this is possible, can you please give one example? I have checked a phenomenon called Back-body Radiation and energy emitted by excited electron when fall back to lower orbit, which are responsible for colour of the flame. It looks like it is possible to produce invisible flames. Please correct me if I am wrong on any point.
Stephen King (author of "The Shining") in his book "On Writing", writes: American grammar doesn`t have the sturdiness of British grammar (a British advertising man with a proper education can make magazine copy for ribbed condoms sound like the Magna goddam Carta), but it has its own scruffy charm I'm interested to know what King means by "sturdiness" here. Can anyone give some examples or more insight into what exactly King is talking about?
I could only find this blog that suggests that complacence is "is a calm satisfaction with oneself" whereas "complacency means a self-satisfaction but coupled with a lack of awareness of what is happening around it." Is there a difference between the two and if not, is one more proper than the other? What would be the grammatical term for such a difference in the ending of a word? I just remembered that stagnation is probably the preferred word, so perhaps ignore the stagnancy vs stagnance part (stagnancy seems to be entirely incorrect anyway).
I've heard a grammar rule which is, if there is any verb followed by a preposition except the 'to' preposition, the verb must have a 'ing'. As example, I've this sentence: I am going for playing. Where the 'play' verb is in 'ing' form. But in this sentence: I am going to play. the 'play' verb is in normal form. I just want to know that is the rule correct? If correct then is there any other exceptional preposition like 'to'?
If I marry a woman and she has a child, I am a step parent. But what if the sequence is reversed? For example, suppose I am married to a woman, get divorced and she subsequently has a child by someone else. Is there any word in the English language to describe what my relationship (if any) is to this child? This is my situation; I'm close to this child and always at a loss to describe our situation as other than family friend. Can anyone offer another suggestion?
I am new to LateX and I would like to know if there is a class which allows for creating a book cover design to send to the printers ? I already have the book cover design done in Adobe Photoshop with the front cover, spine. In other words, the final image is ready. How would Memoir Class work for this ? Now i only need to get it ready for printers, so I need to know how to set bleeds, spine, crop marks etc. to be able to send the final print ready pdf to printers.
Today our teacher said that dual spaces are "big" and told us that this is a consequence by Hahn-Banach's theorem. So I was wondering whether the dual space of a space is always "bigger" or equal compared with the space itself? I thought a good way to check the adjective "big" by mathematical methods is to ask whether there is an injective map in the dual space. I am very interested in any comment on this.
They say inflation must have occured because the universe is very homogeneous. Otherwise, how could one part of the universe reach the same temperature as another when the distance between the parts is more than light could have traveled in the given time? Why can't this problem be solved without inflation? If each part started with the same temperature to begin with, then they can have the same temperature irrespective of the distance between them. Am I missing something here?
I have a set of numbers (each one corresponding to a payment made from the same person) and I would like to assign a probability value to a new specified number given that historical data. I've looked at the Chebyshev's inequality as a simple means to do that but I don't get the expected results. The formula evidences only obvious differences from the time series and also gives too little probability value to numbers that are lower than at least one of the historical ones.
Assuming I rotate a disk, I want to know how long it takes to completely stop, and the number of revolutions it made since I removed my fingers off the disk. Lets say a DVD I rotate with my fingers. I only know the radians per second (velocity) of the last moment I touched the disc. Can you guys tell me where to start? Im trying to implement this on an iPhone app. So it would be nice if you mention equations. It should not be exact.
What is the term for words that can be used as the opposite of themselves? I know there are a few of them out there, it is possible to 'Dust a cake with Icing' and if the cake were on a shelf for a long time (must be a bad bakery) then it would be acceptable to 'Dust the cake' to remove any dust particles... In this case, 'Dust with Icing' implies the addition of something to the cake where 'Dust the cake' implies the action of removing dust from the cake Other examples: Bolt - To hold in place or to Run away with haste... Trim - To remove a small portion or to add small bits that make it pretty...
In an English-language text I wrote recently, I used this sentence It ain't pretty, but it'll keep! to describe the durability of a newly erected wall that (due to my poor masonry skills) looks hideous, but should withstand the floods it'll be shielding the property against. In my native German dialect, this is a valid use of "keep." But is it actually in English, too?
I saw this expression: "the aim of the activity is "to show the fly the way out of the fly-bottle". " (It is connected with this other expression: "I don't know my way about".) I grasped the general sense of the expression but I don't understand clearly how it is formed, i.e. it's logical analysis (e.g, is "fly" a noun in this case?). Which are the logical analysis and the literal meaning of the expression "to show the fly the way out ot the fly-bottle"?
So, from a cursory understanding of English history (and I am very happy to say that) I was able to, one might note that the cultural history of those who lived in England might proceed: Britons who spoke Brythonic Romans who spoke Latin Angles, Jutes, Saxons, et. al. (Anglo-saxons) who spoke various Teutonic dialects Normans (ironically, from the same stock as the former, but trained in French) My guess (and correct me if I'm wrong) is that the Latin influence in English was more to do with the Church and the Normans than it was to do with the Romans directly, but I was wondering if there are words which may be shown to be direct descendants of the ancient Britons' tounge?
I am writing a short description of a social experiement. The objective is to get a better idea of the way people think. I have some troubles to understand the difference between those two phrases: To encounter people and better understand their way of thinking To encounter people and better understand the way they think Is there any difference in meaning between those two phrases? If so, could you please tell me what their are? Thanks a lot for your help!
Say a roller coaster car is going up a ramp to a drop. At some point it needs to traverse a curve to get to the drop. In general, since the car is constrained to the rail, how is it able to move around on curves without breaking the car? Does there exist some kind of free motion for the wheels to move a little bit? Otherwise it seems like the car would bend.
I understand that increasing current decreases the time taken for a capacitor to both charge and discharge, and also increasing the potential difference and charge increase the time taken for a capacitor to charge while decreasing the time taken for it to discharge. However, I am having troubles with deducing what effect resistance will have on it? Is it as simple as V = IR, and increasing resistance with a constant potential difference will decrease current (and thus increase the time taken for a capacitor to both charge and discharge?)
Given a plane with an unbounded number of random points, is there an economical algorithm to find the Voronoi zone of any one selected point? I've considered making a "sweeping" circle from that point, adding a line to the zone boundary as I meet points of increasing distance; would this solution be correct as soon as I have enough lines to enclose a polygon? (The obvious corollary question is "If stopping as soon as the point is bounded isn't correct, when do I stop?")
are you aware of a diagram showing all the connections between tex-related methods/engines. It would use terms such as tex - latex - context - luatex - xetex - xelatex - pdftex - pdflatex - etex and could even be extended to terms like xdvipdfmx and so on? All this is getting confusing, I think and it would be a good way to summarize. Thanks
I have demonstrated that weight only is measured based on the gravitational pull of where you live. For example, the gravity on the surface of Mars is three times smaller than the gravity on the surface of Earth. So my question is simple: If we take into account that weight is only measured based on gravitational pull on that mass, if there was no gravity how would we define mass? That is, would mass weigh anything if no gravitational pull acted on it? Then what would be mass?
I was recently shown a pretty cool video about common cosmological misconceptions. It got me reviewing the different between event horizon (current distance within which we will see/interact), particle horizon (current distance within which we have seen/interacted, and the Hubble Sphere (distance at which things are currently receding at the speed of light). I've found the following figure extremely helpful: But I'm very confused about the event horizon currently lying outside of the Hubble Sphere. If the universe is accelerating in its expansion, then it seems like everything outside of the Hubble Sphere at this moment - will never be in causal contact, never be within our light-cone, and thus be outside of our event horizon. Is this figure correct?
If black holes must be in black holes in all reference frames, does the formation and or evaporation of SEVERAL black holes occur in the same order in all reference frames ie if one observer determines that black hole A formed, then black hole B, then black hole C, would any observers in any reference frame also be able to derive the same sequence for the formation of the black holes (or for the evaporation)?
Possible Duplicate: How to prevent the paragraphs to spread out over the page? When I try to put some tables in my document I get lots of white space between the section (which I am guessing its because latex is trying to adjust positioning of the tables). Sometimes I get tables appearing on a single page by themselves. Is there a way to avoid this? Below is an image of a page showing the ugly spacing. (The boxes represent text areas)
QKD protocol is a technique that allow two parties to share common secret key for cryptographic purpose and defined as being secure, by definition. But I am still wondering how can we measure that QKD is secure? In terms of what? and how can it be clearly proved? Is it possible by code it in any programming language like Java? well I am still looking for a good research topic under this area.
Angular velocity is the rate of angular displacement about an axis. Its direction is determined by right hand rule. According to right hand rule, if you hold the axis with your right hand and rotate the fingers in the direction of motion of the rotating body then thumb will point the direction of the angular velocity. The direction of angular velocity is above or below the plane. But what does it mean? I mean in linear velocity the direction of velocity is in the direction of motion of body but what does it mean that body is moving in one direction while the direction of its angular velocity is in another direction?
Give some Lagrangian we use the principle of stationary action to find the desired euqations of motion for something (e.g. a field). A lot of modern physics seems to be based on the principle of stationary action. I read it works for classical mechanics, general relativity, Quantum chromodynamics, quantum electrodynamics, weak interactions and more stuff. However, is there a field where the principle of stationary action does not yield the desired result or where it fails (contradicts some experimental result)?
An object that takes physical, material, or corporeal form can be held and seen by humans. When we describe the opposite, something that cannot be held or seen by the naked eye, words like spiritual or non-material are used. I'm looking for a word that's more specific: something to describe the sequences of numbers packed into data chips and technology whatsits. "Information, whether of material or ________ form, can be found at the library." Assume that the library carries books and CDs/DVDs. In order to avoid wordy descriptions, does anyone have any suggestions for a single word that can fill the blank? I avoided antonyms of "physical" because they refer to things that are otherworldly.
I'm trying to decide which sentence is correct, or if they both are. which would you recommend as easier to read/understand for the average reader? Hop the rocks quickly and get the star. Quickly hop the rocks and get the star. I'm using this in a promo for a game I made. Assuming both are valid, would it be better to use the first sentence since it begins with a shorter word?
There is evidence that some galaxy clusters may experience some bulk rotation. If this is true, how valid is it to use the Ideal Gas Law to estimate the mass (actually, it calculates the acceleration needed to create the pressure gradient - from which the mass is derived)? One of the conditions for an idea gas is that collisions with the 'container' are elastic. If the galaxy cluster is rotating, then gas plasma particles will pick up velocity as they travel outwards (due to the centripetal force) and not bounce back as far inward. This is clearly an inelastic collision.
I was reading this introduction to EPR and it seems to imply both that there is a unique g-factor of a given compound, but also that we can calculate multiple g-factors for a compound. For example, here's a picture on that page This clearly shows more than one g-factor for mitoNEET & Fdx. So is there only one g-factor or is it the g-factor at each specific value of the magnetic field that is unique? P.S. Is there a good book/ primer you could recommend to learn more about EPR spectroscopy?
Since one can use singular they to avoid sexism in a way or another, I got stuck trying to figure if there is a polite word meaning something like "a group of both Ladies and Gentlemen" that could be put in the following phrase without implying in sexism: Do the Gentlemen need something? I thought about using Gentlemen, however, I have no clue if it implies in a group of men only. Can you help me out?
I want to create a cloud of magnetic particles that will levitate in an electromagnetic field with an electromagnet. Is that possible? Is it easy to do or has it been done? I already have the magnetic nanoparticles and I just want to levitate them to form a 'cloud' so that each particle will stand in the air at specific distance from the others. They have the same size/weight. Would that be a problem? They need to sit in the air with specific distance between each other. Any ideas? Thanks!
When I pronounce the phrase: "I'm proud of you" to communicate that I'm proud of the person I'm talking to, do I only need to stress the word "proud" a bit? I think that stressing the pronouns "I" and "you" are only needed when we want to make contrast between people, but it's probably less common. Am I right? The common stress pattern I think is something like: da-DA-da-da.
I am trying to setup the Predictive Mode of Emacs and to use it with the LaTeX-mode. I have one problem: as soon as LaTeX-mode is loaded, it loads "auto-overlays" and it takes up to two minutes before I can begin to work, which is very annoying. I believe that this "auto-overlays" is used to switch between dictionaries according to where I am in the LaTeX document. Here is the part of my .emacs that concerns the predictive mode: (require 'predictive) (autoload 'predictive-mode "predictive" "predictive" t) (set-default 'predictive-auto-add-to-dict t) (setq predictive-main-dict 'dict-english predictive-auto-learn t predictive-add-to-dict-ask nil predictive-use-auto-learn-cache nil predictive-which-dict t) (add-hook 'latex-mode-hook 'predictive-mode) (setq completion-use-hotkeys nil) (setq predictive-ignore-initial-caps t) (custom-set-variables '(auto-completion-syntax-alist (quote (accept . word)))) Do you have a solution?
So, I was at the bar last week, Behind the bar they have these signs with jokes on them. One of them said "If your drinking to forget, please pay me first"(This isn't the question, I get this joke). Somebody at the bar, noticing it, said to the bartender: "I don't have a drinking to forget, but if I did, what about it?". The bartender, looked confused, and then the guy pointed to the sign. The bartender still didn't get it, and he laughed at her. But I didn't get the joke either. This sentence doesn't make any sense to me. Why is it funny?
I'm relatively new to TeX, which means I did nothing more than homework and some math things with it. Now I'd like to write invoices with LaTeX (for reusability etc.) I am not searching for a template. What I'm looking for is actually more a starting point and maybe some resources that already helped other people to get started with writing invoices or similar kinds of documents. Where should I start in order to learn to write more complex documents with LaTeX? What helped you?
If A,B,C are normal subgroups of a group G where B is a subset of A. Then show that A intersection BC equals B(A intersection C). I m a newbie in abstract algebra n i m new to rigourous mathematical proof. I know that to show two sets are equal i must show that each one is a subset of the other. Plz solve this question
In diagrams I often see light waves depicted as little sine waves that travel through space. And often when describing polarizers, the explainer will angle their hand to show the angle of polarization and bob it up and down in a sine wave action, apparently emulating the amplitude of the wave. My questions is, is the amplitude of light really like this? Where it moves up and down or side to side in space? Or, is the sine wave relationship just an analogy?
All the time I see people replying with "of course I will" or "yes it is!" (to "it's not that good" and not placing a comma after "of course" and "yes". The second case seems even more extreme, as even placing a comma would not help - it would still be a comma splice. However, if I do place the commas, the sentences become very confusing, as many people would probably read that as "I will, of course" and "it is, yes". Now, to me it seems that grammatically, there is no option but to leave the commas in place - though, again, this may cause confusion. Any ideas?
Higher algebra by hall and knight states that"A compound ratio can be formed by multiplying together the fractions which denote them or by multiplying the antecedents to form new antecedent and multiplying the consequents to form new consequent" but what is the meaning of the word compound ratio.If ratio is used for comparison then what is the purpose of compound ratio? Can anyone help me?. I will be grateful.
Which of the last three verb patterns apply to the verb 'recommend'? I recommend that you wait. (present subjunctive, American usage) I recommend that you should wait. (substitute for present subjunctive, British usage) I recommend waiting. (subject of the gerund not mentioned) I recommend you/your waiting (subject of the gerund mentioned) I recommend to wait. (subject of the infinitive not mentioned) I recommend you to wait. (subject of the infinitive mentioned)
Is a good example of 'intestinal fortitude' when someone faces his/her fair share of adversity and bounces back from it? Or when a boxer is repeatedly pummeled and knocked down in a fight, and he keeps returning to his feet to continue notwithstanding the beating endured (he's showing a lot of heart, internal strength and 'guts')? Can you say 'He had the intestinal fortitude ('guts') to call me a buffoon'? Is 'ovariological fortitude' the female equivalent of this term?
In Lagrangian Mechanics we choose the path of least action. Given a uniform gravitational field, and a particle of finite mass; and fixing two points the start & end-point we consider all paths connecting the two points and minimise the action. This turns out to be a Brachistone, as first shown by Bernouilli. When we fix the end-point vertically below; the Brachistone is in fact astraight-line. But is there a principle in Lagrangian Mechanics that allows me to choose the point vertically below? Of course, we know from Newtons Mechanics that this must be the case. But how do we determine that end-point entirely within Lagrangian Mechanics?
In the context of usable security (related to computer science), a major challenge is to provide security means in such a way that all of the people including those with some disabilities (e.g., blindness and deafness) be able to use information systems. So, in some cases we need to refer to these two general group of users. The question is how to do so in a respectful way. For example, referring them as ordinary and disabled users is a bit harsh. Also, I don't like using "disabled users and users without any type of disabilities" to refer them. What's the best way to describe these two group of users? Shorter options are preferred!
Classically, if one has an electron orbiting a proton, how can the magnetic field felt by an observer with the same instantaneous velocity as the electron be calculated? It seems that I may find the magnetic field felt by this observer by boosting the proton to the same frame as the electron at some instant, and then calculating the B-field generated by transforming the E-field of the proton in the rest frame. Is this not the correct reasoning? If not, why so?
Can I make a heat pump beat the Carnot efficiency? Why is the Carnot process the most efficient one? If I have a heatpump that is sphere shaped, and cascaded in layers like a onion can I beat Carnot efficiency? Heat would be transferred and concentrated from the outermost layer that is in contact with ambient air, and brought towards the center to heat a fluid.