darklight03/StackMIAsub huggingface dataset:
Is there any reference (book/review article etc.) where the physics of heavy ion collisions is overviewed? To be absolutely clear about things, I am looking for a introductory review which covers the physics aspects of the progression through the following stages stable nuclei fireball quark-gluon plasma formation (cooling) hadronization hadron interactions and decay final observable particles (leptons, photons etc.) with special emphasis on parameters like time for these stages, relevant temperatures, particle densities etc. Apparently all the literature I have scanned through talks about bits and parts, a comprehensive big picture is unclear to me largely.
I came across this phrase in school and I became quite confused with whether it should be seen as a personification or not. It may be a collocation but does that mean it can't be a personification? 'Gathering' to me usually entails the getting together of people/ animals (animate) so if it is placed next to something that is inanimate (Storm clouds), do we automatically classify it as a personification?
NASA published a computer generated black hole image. In the image you can clearly see the event horizon and the light of background stars graduating from "smeared" to normal. However, between the event horizon and the smeared stars there is an area which looks rather normal. Why is this? If the smear is due to gravitational force, it should start right from the event horizon across the image, and not after some seemingly random distance.
A very basic question of mine: Whenever I read a proof I am able to remember it only for a couple of months. But I really want to remember it for at least one year or so if not more. Is it the natural way or is it that once you read a proof of a theorem you are able to recollect it even after a few years I am feeling quite frustrated in this regard because for an interview in Mathematics the interview committee asks all the basic proofs involved in solving any given problem What should I do? I know that there are many Mathematicians here who are able to share some thoughts on this topic
I'm willing to teach some software for high school students next summer, I have chosen Mathematica. What other scientific software could I teach to high school students? (Matlab and Maple don't offer much if they know Mathematica). Does Microsoft Excel offer anything that will help with the teaching of mathematics? What about middle school students? what should they learn? is Logo suitable for them or for high school students?
Each of the following sets spans a subspace of the complex vector space of all functions from C to C. (Here the scalar field is C, not R.) In each case find a basis for the subspace and prove it is a basis; state the dimension. exp iz; cos z;sin z exp iz; cosh z;sinh z i posted a similar question before, but this is in the Complex field and not real. someone please explain how to prove this?
I was browsing through KHAN Academy videos when I met the one which Explained why SSA is not a Congruency postutate. But I had this Diagram in my Mind(Different from the video) Click Here to see diagram Sorry that I cannot embed the image, as I have insufficient reputation Here AC = PR, BC = QR, ANGLE A = ANGLE P Now I feel that this information is enough to prove the Triangles congruent but my Book has no mention of it. Please Explain
When a person sees the word LaTeX the first time, they are likely to think of a rubber material whose name is simply typed with a weird choice of uppercase letters. This strange name leads to much confusion (even ridiculing) and is thus not the best choice from a branding perspective. Is there a good historical reason why, of all letter combinations you could put in front of TeX, Lamport had to choose La? Because of his own name? In other words, why is it called LaTeX?
Suppose one constructs a dialogue in which a second participant is clearly there just to provide ballast while the first participant (the author) promotes a point of view. You could refer to the second as a stooge, a prop etc. But I'm looking for an adjective, and "the stoogy guy" doesn't sound all that learned. (-: A better noun than 'stooge' might lead to a good adjective, but all I really need is the adjective.
I just stumbled over the verb "to wake", which according to various sources has two valid forms for the past tense: "woke" and "waked". Some further research stated, that there seem to be two (Old / Middle) English verbs - one strong, one weak - today's "wake" stems from, hence the two forms for past tense: waken, meaning to cease to sleep and wakien, meaning to stay awake, keep watch Now, as there are two origins, I'm wondering: Are there (subtle?) differences in meaning when using "woke" or "waked" today?
I have a follow up question to this question: Should you use a comma/period after "Thanks"/"Regards" in email signatures? My question is: when should you add a comma when starting a letter/email with Hello John, It was fun to see ... I am pretty sure that a comma goes after the name, but lately I have seen several people (academics) write Hello, John, It was fun to see ... with a comma after the Hello. I am wondering when a comma there is appropriate. I see this question Where should the comma be placed in the salutation of a letter? but I am wondering about the situation where you have a comma after the name also.
Wiktionary reads: concinnity: The harmonious reinforcement of the various parts of a work of art. Call it corporate social responsibility at work if you wish, but we simply think that under Howard Shultz's inspired and inspiring leadership Starbucks is just a damned well-managed company that has achieved the concinnity that distinguishes companies operating under the nontraditional FoE business model. (Google Book's source) Since I don't have OED access, can anybody say from where this metaphorical usage of the noun 'concinnity' comes? And what is, precisely, its meaning in non-literary contexts? P.S. Considering the relevance of this word in an economics context, I tagged this question by 'economics' tag.
Looking at this page about Bibtex I see that the article entry should be used when the work has been published in a journal or in a magazine. Suppose that I have a small manual/guide, which probably has not been published, but which totally looks like an article (in the classic Latex meaning), then I can't use the article entry in Bibtex because the journal is a mandatory field. What kind of entry should one use in these cases?
Suppose a metal ring is suspended inside a vertical inductor (with an elastic string ) when the circuit is open. When the circuit is closed, does the metal ring tend to jump up or fall down? Why? I tried to check the magnetic polarities. Initially similar polarities seem to be induced on the near sides of the ring and the end of the inductor, like S-S and N-N, so there will be repulsion at both ends. In such a case what should the motion of the metal ring be?
In a text about properties of aerogel I read some interesting facts - clothes with aerogel proved to be impractical, being far too warm to wear. If you isolated a house with aerogel and lit a candle in one of the rooms, after a few days the house would become too hot to live in, just accumulating the candle heat. What properties (thermal mechanics?) of aerogel allow it to be this good a thermal isolator? Would a sealed box made of aerogel work just as well maintaining the temperature of enclosed (solid) items in void - with no air inside the box?
I am writing a text which I will review later again and want to comment out only a part of a line (in between), something like this: Once upon a time, there was %in some galaxy far away% a nice and cute rabbit... When I review it again, I could decide if it is better to include that part or not. Is it possible to do such a thing?
I've just learned a word forbear which means to abstain from something or refrain from something. It was fine until that point, but the moment I learned the meaning of forbearance, I was confused because it had tolerance as its synonym. When forbearance is used to mean tolerance, is it implied that enforcement is what is abstained from? Then, why did it happen? Why did it become to also mean tolerance, not just abstaining from something?
Is it possible to extract any particular ion ( either positive or negative ) from ionized gas ( or plasma ) without spending any kind of energy for doing so. I want to design a system for my weekend project where I can separate out positive and negative ions from an ionized gas container, thus leaving behind only one kind of a charge in the container.
Across the world summer is a season of the year and we all talk about 'the summer' - do you have plans for the summer ? etc. But In America it is often taken to refer to the period of college vacation when students take temporary employment etc. e.g. She did charity work over the summer. This would not imply necessarily the climatic summer season, so much as the college vacation. It is my belief that we do not use summer in this way in Britain, unless we say something like What are you doing over the summer break? Can anyone supply further insight into this different nuance which is placed on what is simply a season of the year?
Let K be the class of all finite groups. Show that it is not a variety (closed under H, S, and P) and therefore not an equational class. It sounds pretty reasonable that K is closed under H and S. I guess you can create some direct product leading to an infinite group then, but why is it so? Shouldn't every direct product of finite groups again be finite? Of course, I have an uncountable amount of finite groups, but still I have to end at some point for my product.. and it should therefore again be finite.
If you have a sealed container partially-filled with water and then flip it upside down, the water will fall to the base under gravity. Would it be possible to increase the internal gas pressure sufficiently to stop this from happening? As in, could you have a gas pressure exert enough force onto the water to keep it from moving? Obviously would need a very strong container etc.
First part: The question is both about the continuity of the water vortex(whirlpool) to vortex in air in time and in space. About continuity in time,does the vortex of the water slowly produce a vortex in the air because the vortex at the surface of the water(circle) causes frictional forces on the air molecules and thus makes them move in a circle(on the boundary of water-air) and because air is a continuous medium it also creates a vortex? Second part: When does a vortex stop?And why(detailed explanation if possible-my knowledge in fluid mechanics go as far as the navier-stokes equations)?
It's just a matter of angle-chasing to show the following: Extend the sides of a convex quadrilateral. Draw the in-circles of the triangles (open or not) defined by an original side and the extended adjacent sides. Their centres are concyclic. Having produced the first cyclic quadrilateral we can iterate the construction. Playing with Geometer's Sketchpad suggests that, if we begin with any even-sided cyclic polygon and perform the same construction, the in-circle centres will always define a cyclic polygon. Am I right? Can anyone prove/disprove the conjecture? By dissecting the polygons into quadrilaterals sharing a vertex we can show that alternate angle sums are equal, a condition sufficient in the case of the quadrilateral itself but I suspect not in the general case.
The usual question and answer seem to be of the form What do you want to be when you grow up? I want to be a singer when I grow up. Should it not be What do you want to be when you have grown up? I want to be a singer when I have grown up. Here we have interpreted grow up as the process at whose end one becomes a singer. Should the first pair be considered correct simply because of its accepted usage, or is there an alternative explanation for this?
I'm looking for a professional-context appropriate synonym for the word "a lot", but with the additional expression of "each contributes only a little" For example, To fill up that vat you'd need a crapload of tennis balls. Here "crapload" implies that each individual tennis ball is actually worthless on it's own. Where the vat is big, "crapload" serves to color the sentence. Unfortunately "crapload" is unprofessional. "A lot" is just colorless. Suggestions?
I'm looking for a phrase like "transcendental language", but meaning eloquent rather than other-worldly. In particular, I want to refer to a [literary] sketch as "_ language". This sketch is A Gotham Reverie by Fanny Fern, in which a prostitute is referred to [revealed as a prostitute] in very abstract terms, such as "her name was Magdalen" (I'm paraphrasing), "her own unrelenting, unforgiving sex", etc.
Yet another a part of Circular Staircase, by Mary Rinehart: "Not out in the hall!" she gasped; "Oh, Miss Rachel, not out in the hall!" trying to hold me back. But I am a large woman and Liddy is small. We got to the door, somehow, and Liddy held a brass andiron, which it was all she could do to lift, let alone brain anybody with. I listened, and, hearing nothing, opened the door a little and peered into the hall. Are any words omitted in the sentence that includes let alone brain anybody with? Something looks missing from this sentence.
It is well known, that a human being can not imagine new colors which are not obtainable by just combining the already known ones (red, green and blue). Actually I can draw parallels to physics and may ask you: Imagine a new physical quantity, which you must not obtain from simply combining any of the already known ones and without using anything you have ever experienced in your live. But how would you find a new physical dimension, which you have never experienced in any way? Wouldn't this be like to imagine a new color? Are we thus somehow bound to never know everything, not because we have too little time or possibilities, but because it literally lies beyond our imagination? insert dramatic music
Please have a look at this sentence: "Multiple citations of my work during the short time since their publication indicate its quality." Here work is referring to many publications. I have a tough time reviewing a statement particularly because of this sentence. Is this sentence grammatically correct? I mean are "their" and "its" used correctly here? Should it be "... indicate their quality"? But that's not right because of work?! How about "works"?! The mix of "their" and "its" is very confusing.
I'm reading a book on description logic and I found white and black squares at the end of some paragraphs. I would think they stand for Q.E.D., but since there are two types used in one book, I believe the black square states for something else. What could it be? Is there some convention for it? (I checked and there is no list with explanation of symbols used in the book).
For rental agencies and companies, the cars owned would be a fleet. Several cars escorting a VIP would be a motorcade. However, what if I want to say: I dislike being the lone driver in an empty stretch of highway, so I may end up speeding to get from the [group of cars] behind me to the [group of cars] in front. Is there a good collective noun that would apply to this situation? Or would it be a matter of choosing a general term, like group, cluster, block etc.
Working with Kirchhoff's rules, I am attempting to device an algorithmic approach to finding the unknowns of the problems, I am of a Computer Science background and I am finding it difficult to identify proper closed loops within the circuit and I am curious if there is a generalized pice of sudo code applicable to these problems, or perhaps a matlab or sympy script available?
Although I feel the answer to the following question is negative, I can't get any precise results neither find anything to read. The question is: Would a complete oracle from some level of arithmetical hierarchy anyhow boost the complexity classes, in terms of complexity? For example, would a P machine with halting problem oracle be able to solve anything from EXPTIME? Or LOGSPACE machine with the same oracle to solve something from PSPACE? Thank you.
This is something that has always bugged me. I am never sure where to place the question mark, or whether to place it at all when the end of the sentence does not finish with a question, or a number of questions from the begining For example: The question nagging me is to what extent can we encapsulate all what we observe in nature into a set of simple computational rules, within which we can leverage our existing knowledge. Should the final full-stop (period) be replaced by a question mark? Or perhaps even the comma?
I'm interested in the size of atoms (extent of the outermost electron cloud), in particular its cross-sectional area and how it scales by increasing Z. (I trust that this won't be affected much by the number of neutrons?) I recognize that for a given atom/ion one can simply look up the data, but I'm interested in a more 'first-principles' kind of view. The distances of electrons in given orbitals is not constant across different atoms, since as the nucleus gains protons the orbitals tend to get crushed somewhat closer I believe. (In fact my final goal will be to determine scattering for charged particles, which is based on much more than the geometry, but I became interested in this particular subproblem apart from that ultimate question.)
Usually when I read about AdS/CFT complementarity as a particular case of the Holographic principle, it suggests that physics evolution on a boundary has a map to physics evolution on the bulk. But what of sort of boundaries does this apply? I've usually seen it applied where the event horizon is the boundary and the outside space is the bulk. But does it hold for imaginary boundaries as well, like the typical Gaussian surfaces one consider to study Maxwell equations as well? If not, what special properties needs to satisfy the boundary so that the holographic principle holds?
Possible Duplicate: Set table position to top My document (book) has text and floats. There is not enough text, so that all floats can be placed before the text finishes. Then pdfLaTeX puts the remaining float right in the middle of an otherwise empty page. This does not look good. Is there a way to position these floats at the top of the page instead in the middle? Placement specifiers are already given [t]. Also combinations of [h,t,!,H] don't help.
Possible Duplicate: What do you call words that look like a negation but are not? I found these poor orphaned words that only exist through the life-giving quality of their affix: feckless, ruthless, unruly, inept, dishevelled, dismayed, disgruntled I'm sure there are more. They have the familiar appearance of antonyms... Antonyms to something that doesn't exist. It's as if they've lost their positive attitude. Do these words have a common name? How did they get this way? They all have standard english affixes with known meaning, so it seems like they should be able to stand on their own. Were the original words lost? Is there a list of these recognized words somewhere?
When my hair gets long I start doing a little flick of my head occasionally to get my hair out of my eyes. This grows into a habit though, and for the first few days after cutting my hair I end up doing to same action. Interestingly enough when I have short hair I feel physical pain. How come the same action hurts when I have short hair, but feels completely natural when my hair is long?
Possible Duplicate: Maxwell's Demon Constant (information-energy equivalence) I was reading: Demonic device converts information to energy : Experiment inspired by a paradox tempts a bead uphill. Its good to see conservation of energy is violated. :) I want to know more about it. What other resources are available (that doesn't involve too much math). Especially, I want to see that beed experiment. Are there any demonstrations available on net? EDIT: I did learn more about maxwell's daemon from this:
Does corona discharge charged insulator? I draw a diagram to make it simpler to understand. Electrons form negative side is accelerated due to electric field and accumulate on insulator surface. Gas on the positive side was ionize giving off electrons and flow to positive terminal. Am I understanding this correctly, When I place plastic sheet between HV terminals and when I remove plastic sheet I got an electric shock, so I think corona discharge might charge plastic sheet.
Possible Duplicate: How to preserve hyperlinks in included pdf? After I merge PDF documents with pdflatex and pdfpages as described here, the URL-s are either broken (PDF files from OpenOffice), or their colorbox is missing (hyperref), or if they span over two lines only the information from the first line is kept (the original PDF was correct). Can this be fixed? Or is it a known issue?
I'm using memoir class to write a novel. As it is widely known, writer comments inside novel characters' dialogues are usually enclosed between long dashes which in turn are written as a triple dash in LaTeX. However I'm experiencing trouble when those long dashes (which always follow or precede a word with no space between) are near a linebreak: breaking word is not hyphenated most of the time and thus the line exceed the break margin. How can this be fixed?
I'm writing a scene in which I wish to describe a typical street beggar - his way of dressing in particular. Check for example such a dude as the one below I could use descriptions such as: snobbish, dirty, bizarre, rugged, barbaric, etc but feel those are not adequate to building a picture of a beggar in the minds of my readers. I want words that would describe a sort of beggar that typically, you'd wish to avoid - one very pitiful, but also repugnant? What words or phrases would you use for such a description?
I just played a game from the start to the end of main story, there are many other challenges in the game left untouched, so I think I can't say 'game completed', can I? I know the following possible candidates 'completed' 'ended' 'walked through' 'cleared'(well, in Japan they use this word) But I'm not satisfied with these ones, what is(are) the right word(s) to describe that I have seen the outro of a game? Thanks in advance.
While it is fairly established that both fast movement and the presence of gravity make time pass slower as compared to a system at rest / free of gravity, does that mean that there is no way for time to pass faster than in vacuum, or does general relativity also have "faster" metrics? To be more precise, is there any frame into which one could go for a while, and on returning to vacuum less time would have passed there?
Some of the distant galaxies appear to be receding from us faster than the speed of light due to stretch of the space between us and those galaxies. By an analogy with the ant on a rope paradox, the light emitted from those galaxies can actually reach us. Is it true that, at one point of time, those galaxies suddenly disappear from our view, and then after sufficiently large times (which may be more than the lifetime of the universe), they come into view again? And by the same reasoning, would more previously hidden galaxies will become visible at some time?
Hello I am new to operational research and would like help classify the following transport problem. I have a model which simulates a taxi like service, it a has a range of inputs that can be changed (no. vehicles, starting times, vehicle capacity etc) and then the model spits out a set of outputs (time spent idol, time spent travelling with passengers, time passengers spend waiting) which I apply some kind of associated cost to both the inputs and the outputs. What kind of techniques would you apply to this problem so that I can minimise the total cost? I imagine some algorithm would iteratively run the model and adjust the inputs and measure the outputs to form the data. However this is just my uneducated guess.