darklight03/StackMIAsub huggingface dataset:
So, in the field of metallurgy, there are a few varieties of phase diagram that are used to predict the post-processing characteristics of alloys. These include Time-Temperature Transformation diagrams and Continuous Cooling diagrams. Currently, I've found myself working with metal oxides, and I'm trying to find what the equivalents are in this field. It looks like so-call Oxidation Curves are a commonly used tool, but this doesn't give me any information on the microstructure or properties I can expect out of bulk materials. Are there such references?
Dual spaces are home to bras in quantum mechanics; cotangent spaces are home to linear maps in the tensor formalism of general relativity. After taking courses in these two subjects, I've still never really understood the physical significance of these "dual spaces," or why they should need to exist. What is a dual / cotangent space? Could someone explain why they are necessary, and what their physical significance is?
I'm working on a collaborative project and I like to organize all the supporting files for my tex documents (rather than just having everything in one flat folder). This involves referencing figures/files/etc. by a (relative) path. The difference in slash convention between linux/windows means that collaboration between users on different systems becomes annoying. Is there any easy way of dealing with path references between systems?
Suppose I take a vacuum tube and accelerate electrons in it by electric fields then collide it on a copper plate. Will the electrons then go inside it and generate an electric current by putting a positively charged panel on the opposite end to create a potential difference? If yes how can I extract the electrons from the positive plate back into the vacuum tube? Thanks! Also you can see a diagram I made for what I am trying to say,
I have three questions: (i)Does rank of a square matrix same as the degree of its characterstic equation. (ii)Do elementary row transformations of a given square matrix result in a characterstic equation different from that of given square matrix (iii)Geometrically speaking what do cofactors of a square matrix mean. What is significance of some of them becoming zeros or all becoming zeros. These are theoretical questions and so if you could refer to me some book or online resource which can explain these concepts it would be a great help. Also it would be nice to know what other members think about these topics. Thanks in advance
I have a few issues to discuss linked to the Future Subjunctive. Can "If I were you." mean the same as "If I were to be you." In other words, can "If I were you." have the reference to the future which "If I were to be you." has? If I were you at tomorrow's competition I would win. ? = ? If I were to be you at tomorrow's competition I would win. Would you understand, if told, that "If I be you" means "If I were to be you"? Is this construction still used in contemporary English or is it totally obsolete? If I be you at tomorrow's competition I will win. Is this construction possible? If I am happy at tomorrow's competition I will win.
Equation of continuity says us that if we insert some fluid in a tube, the same amount of fluid will come out from the other end. If we make a small hole in a hose pipe, water will come out with a great speed. The bigger the hole, the slower the speed. This is a direct consequence of the equation of continuity. But at the case of water tap, when we start to turn on the tap slightly, the velocity of water is slow. As we turn on the tap more, the speed increases. This is contradictory with equation of continuity.
I'm TeXing a course for a teacher of mine, and he wants me to have the section titles in the headers (I use fancyhdr to achieve this). He also wants me to retain the section titles he gave me in the original (word) file. Since some of these section titles are too long to fit in the header title, is there a way to define a shorter version that is to be used in the header? Enabling multiple header lines would also do. I'm using the book class.
So I've been reading a section about energy levels and came across this statement: "As the atoms of a material are brought closer together to form the crystal lattice structure, there is an interaction between atoms that will result in the electrons in a particular orbit of one atom having slightly different energy levels from electrons in the same orbit of an adjoining atom." What I don't understand is that how could be an interaction of atoms of the same material occur, if they have the same potential, number of e- and structure. And why would they have a difference in energy levels??
Is there really a difference between using "allows for" and just simply "allows" as in this scenario? To me, both of these sentences mean exactly the same thing. Does having the 'for' make the sentence mean something even slightly different at all? I have searched all over but have not encountered anything that is similar to this scenario. Any help is much appreciated. Music allows me to express myself. Music allows for me to express myself.
Taking into account gravity, air resistance, and wind velocity and direction. (And also temperature if it's actually relevant.) I know the muzzle velocity, the total distance the bullet traveled, its diameter, mass, length, and the angle from which it was fired at. Now, I do not know its drag coefficient, so how do I calculate it? (The muzzle velocity is supersonic.) The question is, what is the velocity of the bullet by the time it traveled the total distance? What are the formulae that I would need to use to calculate that? Much obliged.
The gist of my problem is that Slovene isn't supported in babelbib. I've got a half-done .bst file which translates some of the needed words, but not all of them. I also noted there exists a slovene.mbs file in miktex. However, when I tried creating a new bibliography style with makebst, I still didn't get the words translated. Since my bibliography is pretty simple - the only thing I'm missing is translation for 'edition' - I felt it would be best if I edited the existing .bst. How do I go about that?
I say that "whoever" is the correct grammatical choice in the following sentence: Give the raise to the hardest-working employee, whoever/whomever that may be. I say "whoever" is correct. The reason is that, when we isolate the "whoever/whomever" clause ("whomever that may be"), the phrase converts to "It may be he". "It may be he who is the hardest-working employee", not "It may be him who is the hardest-working employee". Thus, I believe "whoever" is the correct choice here. Am I right? And is my explanation in determining "whoever" on point? This question is different because the "whoever" clause is at the end of the sentence.
Yesterday, I told an Indian my English name is 'Melao', he smiled and asked me if there's any special meaning. In fact, I get this name from a song with Latin style -- 'Corazon De Melao', I think it's legibly. So, I wonder if there's any special meaning in English-speaking countries when it is used as a name? Or what's your feeling when you hear a boy with a name 'melao'? Thx in advance.
I am trying to solve the following problem using proof by strong induction. the problem is: Assume that a chocolate bar consists of n squares arranged in a rectangular pattern. The entire bar, or any smaller rectangular piece of the bar, can be broken along a vertical or a horizontal line separating the squares. Assuming that only one piece can be broken at a time, determine how many breaks you must successively make to break the bar into n separate squares The farthest i have gotten is the basis step, but i dont even know if that is correct Potential basis step that i got it is P(n), but besides that i am clueless
I am writing a research paper in which my thesis concerns how a character matures through his merging of characteristic traits in his relationships with other characters. How can I introduce this topic with an analogy "attention-getter" that demonstrates this idea of merging things together to form something new? In another words, I'm looking for an analogy that compares how an individual who combines attributes that he acquires from his relationships can actually create a new, and better, identity for himself.
What's the difference between pronunciation and enunciation? I learned this a long time ago in English class but forgot what it was. Clarification For example, Wikipedia says: Good enunciation is the act of speaking clearly and concisely. The opposite of good enunciation is mumbling or slurring. See also pronunciation which is a component of enunciation. Pronunciation is to pronounce sounds of words correctly I can't tell from this what the specific difference is. When is it correct to say someone's pronunciation is off versus when their enunciation is off? Merriam Webster's definition defines enunciate as : articulate, pronounce That would seem to say it's the same as to pronounce. Is there a specific example of incorrect pronunciation verses enunciation?
It''s quite common for academic papers and such to have a short title intended to catch the casual browsers's interest, followed by colon and a longer more explanatory alternative. I know this is a lousy example (I couldn't easily find a better/shorter one), but even so I'm sure this Catchy Title : Longer version conveying more information about the work format is also used in fictional works. Is there a standard name for that secondary title. It's not really an "alternative title". The only thing that comes to mind for me is byline, but I know that's not right either.
I have seen several proofs that there exist nonstandard models of arithmetic, but they all seem to rely on the compactness theorem, which is not implied by ZF. So are there any proofs in ZF that there's exists a nonstandard model of PA? Tennenbaum's theorem, which states that every nonstandard model is uncomputable seems to hint at the possibility that there are models of ZF that contain no nonstandard models of PA.
I'm attempting to document a change that will make two things more congruent. I'd like to use a word in this way: This change [makes similar] the two items. The best I've been able to find by searching is "assimilate"; however, I feel that this word has unpleasant connotations in some cases and could be misconstrued. Is there a better word? For a little more context on this specific situation: I'm making the interfaces of two different software libraries more similar. They're remaining separate libraries, but they do nearly the same thing and are now more similar in their behavior.
This is a follow-up of my previous question regarding loading image using latex command. @erik kindly informed me that latex only supports images in eps format. I converted my JPG file to an eps file using bmeps.exe in the miktex/bin directory. I can see the image in the dvi file generated by latex. But the original color image in the JPG file becomes a black-white or gray scale image in the eps file. Is it possible to get a color image in eps format using bmeps.exe? Does latex support color image? A minimum woking example can be found here.
English is used all over Europe in (more or less) academic papers and books that are not necessarily related to reviews and publishing houses based in UK or US, and that are not necessarily intended for UK or US markets. English is largely used between non-English speaking areas as lingua franca. What is the main trend in this field concerning the use of British vs American English? Are there certain guidelines (or even EU directives) on the matter?
I read a quote somewhere and it seemed flawed in its language and word usage. Take a look at it: "Trust a person to that extent, that he feels guilty to cheat you & care for a person to that extent, that he fears to lose you." The letters in bold are the clauses that I found flawed in particular. Shouldn't it be: "Trust a person to the extent, that...." At the same time I find "care for a person to that extent, that..." sounds alright.
I have a problem regarding supply distribution. I distribute widgets on a monthly basis; I have many customers and each of them request a different quantity each month. My monthly supply is limited and I cannot fill every order. How do I distribute fairly, across the board? There must be some sort proportional way to do it. Let me know if I need to provide additional information. Thanks
A friend uses this ____-whore construction all the time. I challenged her to find a better way to say it. I suggested addict, enthusiast, devotee, and several other words. She said none of these convey her meaning the way whore does. She says she'll watch anything. I told her she's not being paid to watch, and whore would imply that she is. Can anyone suggest a better alternative?
I am a freshman in high school who needs a math related project, so I decided on the topic of fractals. Being an avid developer, I thought it would be awesome to write a Ruby program that can calculate a fractal. The only problem is that I am not some programming god, and I have not worked on any huge projects (yet). So I need a basic-ish fractal 'type' to do the project on. I am a very quick learner, and my math skills greatly outdo that of my peers (I was working on derivatives by myself last year). So does anybody have any good ideas? Thanks!!!! :) PS: my school requires a live resource for every project we do, so would anybody be interested in helping? :)
Is there a theory of constrained optimization with complex variables, do you know any textbook on that topic? The typical textbooks on constrained optimization deal with real variables. I actually found some references which loosely explain the procedure of derivating w.r.t. the complex conjugate to obtain optimality conditions but could not find a rigorous mathematical justification. In particular I am interested in using a Lagrangian, and couldn't find any reference on that. Thanks.
At a homecoming dance, no boy dances with every girl, but each girl dances with at least one boy. Prove that there are two couples, gb and g'b', who dance, such that g doesn't dance with b' and g' doesn't dance with b. I'm not sure where to start. Hints only please, NO SOLUTIONS. I will most likely reply back to your hint to ask you more, so please stay online :)
People in London, who live in the suburbs, may tell you they work 'up town', meaning in the City or the West End. In other large cities in Britain, Birmingham, Manchester, Leeds etc., I think people who earn their living in the City Centre (equivalent to Downtown with capital D) will say casually that they work 'in town'. I think I'm right when I say that only Londoners go 'up town'. So where did the idea of 'Downtown' come from?
To complete college (or what the equivalent in Denmark would be) I will have to write a text about a topic that I choose. I have chosen to write about mathematics in business economics, and specifically, I want it to be about investment analysis and risk assessment. I am seeking some inspiration for possible mathematical topics to include. My knowledge in math is at bachelor degree, but I am up for a challenge. I already have a few ideas, e.g. I am pretty sure I will include something about the poisson distribution. Any answer is appreciated. Thank you in advance.
Someone else asked Are camp followers prostitutes? and the answer seems to be that while not every one who follows a military camp is a prostitute, if you aren't referring to a prostitute, you should probably pick another label for the person. A similar effect can be seen with sexually themed words like "mistress", "madam", "ejaculate", and "escort". I assume this linguistic process has been studied and I'm curious what its name is.
I'm looking for reading assignment ideas for my students. I'd like them to read up on results in mathematics in layman's terms. For example, the Monty Hall problem, or Borsuk Ulam as the "Ham Sandwich Theorem". I feel a good source for the types of things I'd like them to read is this post. I would have each (group) student do a write up on a particular subject. Does anyone know of any books that give a list of results that are understandable for a calculus student?
During review of an article I found an erroneous sentence: The known predators of the plant are sheep, donkeys ... I am an engineer, with not so much knowledge in ecology. Based on my earlier studies I suggested to change predators to consumers. I checked it with a search on the net. Surprisingly I found too few hits in my search. Consumers of a plant is acceptable? Can you recommend alternatives?
I understand that structures with the properties of the real and complex numbers can be defined and derived from the axioms of ZFC set theory. But can a structure with the properties of a (possibly uncountably infinite dimensional) vector space be derived from ZFC or is it axiomatic statement that a vector space is a set (and that therefore the axioms of set theory apply to it) ? I think the question becomes relevant in the proof that every vector space has a basis (from Zorn's lemma = axiom of choice). It's not just a matter of whether one accepts the axiom of choice in set theory, but how one gets to believe that a vector space complies with set theory axioms.
Most physics textbooks and even questions in stack exchange answer the question why there exists a charge buildup in the bends of a current carrying conductor. But what I am unable to understand is: why a surface charge gets developed in the straight region of a current carrying conductor? why there is a gradient of the surface charge density along the length of the wire?
I managed to install some english dictionaries as shown on https://github.com/TeXworks/texworks/wiki/SpellingDictionaries#mac-os-x. Then I was able to select Edit->Spelling->English-UnitedStates(en_US). At that point, all misspelled words were underlined in red. However, I would like to ask, once you finish writing your document, is there a way to search for any red-undefined misspelled word? The reason I am asking is to help my students, who will be writing projects in Texworks during the fall semester. When they are done, how can they check the spelling in their full document?
A condensate of open strings with both ends attached to the same D-brane can be equivalent to a displacement of the D-brane with no open string condensate. A solution to the D-brane Born-Infeld action gives rise to a semi-infinite string extension which is entirely equivalent to an open string with one end attached to the D-brane. Why aren't D-branes and strings independent degrees of freedom?
When I first learned algebraic geometry, I naturally wiki-ed the subject and there was a line there that said the old school Italians used the notion "generic points without any precise definition." Now that I know what a generic point is, I am curious as to how did the Italians think about a generic point and/or what their intuition about it was and what kind of results did they prove using this notion. Any answer would be greatly appreciated!
As I was familiarizing myself with different methods of computing complexities of recurrences, I stumbled upon the Akra-Bazzi method. Seeing such a beautiful result literally made my day. I was able to come up with a proof that makes use of an inductive argument, but induction alone isn't all that satisfactory. Does anyone know of a material that illustrates a constructive proof of this wonderful result?
Let's say you have a spherical charge distribution of radius R. This distribution has some charge density as a function of radius. I know that I can determine the electric field outside of the charge density by forming a spherical gaussian surface around the charge distribution and apply gauss' law. But what if I want to find the field directly on the surface. That requires that my surface intersects some of the charge of the distribution. In that case, when I apply Guass' Law. How do I determine the charge enclosed by the sphere. Do I discount the charge which exists on the surface or is that counted as enclosed by the sphere?
This is quoted from an U.S. TV series. Warden: Brad. Brad (Captain): Any updates? Warden: None. They were last seen at that cemetery in Oswego. Brad: They'll get them. They'll get them. Warden: It's been handed over to the FBI. Brad: Well, that doesn't mean we can't work it. Warden: It does, actually. You and I have been pulled off the pursuit. Brad: Why? Warden: We're going to find out shortly. We have to report to the DOC headquarters. I will meet you there. Brad: Sir, we can get these guys. Just give me a couple more days and I swear I'll get them. Warden: Brad! We've got to go.
I have several items of clothing for which their dark colours could run on washing. Some have a warning label in that says 'wash dark colours together'. Some have a label that says 'wash dark colours separately'. These apparently contradictory labels actually tell me to do the same thing, when context is taken into account. What other examples are there, either out in the wild, or that could be constructed, of opposite messages meaning the same thing?
I am writing up a paper on magic squares, and I would like to include the lo shu magic square, but I'd like to do this using XeLaTeX as opposed to just including a picture. The following picture is what I want to produce: Does someone know how to produce what's above? I thought something like tikz would probably have to be used, but I'm not very advanced with LaTeX just yet.
What is the best word to refer to the person that I (directly) supervise, in the context of a corporate workplace? The closest I can think of is employee, but that doesn't directly convey a direct supervisor relationship. Other options I can think of are apprentice (usually used to refer exclusively to someone who is still learning where I come from), underling (patronizing), and worker (again not specific). For example when describing a project: My employee designed the front-end of the system while I worked on the critical business logic.
(Quantum) integrable systems, that belong to solutions to the Yang-Baxter-equation, are often solved by the (algebraic) Bethe Ansatz. Solutions to the Bethe-equations lead to the eigenvalues of the transfermatrix and in that way also to the spectrum of the hamiltonian. However, suppose you already knew an eigenvalue of the transfermatrix, is there a way to construct the Bethe-roots, that would have lead to it? If any additional explanations are needed to answer the question, just let me know. I think the answer to the question is in general no. If there are however some specific exactly solvable models, where it is possible, that would be also of interest.
What is the meaning of the phrase " you rolled them sevens with nothing to lose " ? In the song entitled " The weary kind " which is a sound track of the "Crazy heart" movie , there is a line that i can't understand. Your heart's on the loose You rolled them sevens with nothing to lose, there's ain't no place for the weary kind Could you please help me to understand that phrase ?
Do predation and predating share a common etymology? Predation seems to imply that one species holds precedence over another species in the food chain, whereas predating seems to imply that one event holds precedence over another in the linear progression of time. Both words obviously share the prefix pre, but my question is more about the dat part of each word. What is the origin of dat in early English or in Latin or the Romance languages Latin gave birth to? And how does that origin explain the meaning of the modern words predation and predating?
I want to prove that a certain metric space is totally disconnected. In a metric space context this is the same as saying that every connected component is a singleton. I think another way of proving that a space is TD is proving that there is a proper, nonempty open and closed set. Is that right? Please let me know any alternative equivalent definitions you might now. Cheers!