Search strategy: Breast cancer screening and Artificial Intelligence (2026)

**DOI:** <https://doi.org/10.21349/5ghn-m577>

**Duplicate control in EndNote: Before duplicate control:** 303 systematic reviews, 5155 primary studies

> **After duplicate control**: 170 systematic reviews, 2969 primary studies

**Database:** Ovid MEDLINE(R) and Epub Ahead of Print, In-Process, In-Data-Review & Other Non-Indexed Citations and Daily <1946 to May 14, 2026>

**Date:** 15.05.26

**Number of hits: 82 systematic reviews, 1596 primary studies**

| 13 | exp Technology Assessment, Biomedical/ or (((biomedical or health) adj "technology assessment?") or "high cost technolog*").tw,kf.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       | 18384                                                            |
|----|----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|------------------------------------------------------------------|
| 14 | (((diagnostic or diagnos#s) adj accurac*) or "observer performance?").tw,kf. Diagnostic Errors/ or False Positive Reactions/ or ("false positive?" or "recall*                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           | 90746                                                            |
|    | rate?" or "abnormal or mistake?)) or ((false or faulty or mistaken or incorrect or wrong) adj diagnos#s)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 | interpretation rate?" or ((diagnostic* or diagnos#s) adj (error? |
|    | or misdiagnos* or "mis diagnos*" Patient Safety/ or Patient Harm/ or exp Ethics/ or ((patient adj (safet* or harm or                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     | or "diagnostic blind spot?").tw,kf.                              |
|    | risk?)) or trustworth* or "trust worth*" or ethics or ethical or "moral polic*").tw,kf. Quality-Adjusted Life Years/ or ("health related quality of life" or HRQL or qaly? or qualy? or "quality adjusted life year?" or "healthy year? equivalent?" or "adjusted life year?").tw,kf.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    | 398510                                                           |
| 18 | 8 or 9 or 10 or 11 or 12 or 13 or 14 or 15 or 16 or 17                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   | 7681256                                                          |
| 19 | 1 and 4 and 7 and 18                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     | 3648                                                             |
| 20 | limit 19 to (danish or english                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           | or interlingua or multilingual or norwegian or swedish) 3564     |
| 21 | limit 20 to yr="2021 -Current" Meta-Analysis/ or Network Meta-Analysis/ or Systematic Review/ or Evidence Synthesis/ or Scoping Review/ or ((systematic* adj2 review*) or metaanal* or "meta anal*" or (medline not "narrative review*") or (review and ((structured or database* or systematic*) adj2 search*)) or ((integrative or rapid or scoping or review*") or (evidence adj2 review*) or ((research or evidence) adj synthes*) or (umbrella adj3 (review? or "systematic literature" or overview?)) or (("review of?" or "overview of?" or "syntheses of?" or "synthesis of?" or "summary of?") adj2 (reviews or SR or SRs)) or "overview of? overview*" or "meta review" or metareview or (("review of?" or "overview of?" or "syntheses of?" or "synthesis of?" or "summary of?") adj2 ((cochrane adj3 reviews) or "cochrane SR" or "cochrane SRs" or "literature reviews"))).tw,kf,bt. or (Cochrane.ti. and (overview or umbrella).tw,kf,bt.) | 1678                                                             |
| 23 | 21 and 22                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                | 82                                                               |
| 24 | 21 not 23                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                | 1596                                                             |

**Database:** Embase <1974 to 2026 May 13>

**Date:** 15.05.26

| 20 | limit 19 to embase                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         | 3130 |
|----|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|------|
| 21 | limit 20 to (danish or english or norwegian or polyglot or swedish)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        | 3009 |
| 22 | limit 21 to yr="2021 -Current" exp Meta-Analysis/ or "systematic review"/ or "rapid review"/ or "umbrella review"/ or "scoping review"/ or ((systematic* adj2 review*) or metaanal* or "meta anal*" or (medline not "narrative review*") or (review and ((structured or database* or systematic*) adj2 search*)) or ((integrative or rapid or scoping or mapping) adj review*) or ((integrative or rapid or scoping or mapping) adj "literature review*") or (evidence adj2 review*) or ((research or evidence) adj synthes*) or (umbrella adj3 (review? or "systematic literature" or overview?)) or (("review of?" or "overview of?" or "overview of? overview*" or "meta review" or metareview or (("review of?" or "overview of?" or "syntheses of?" or "synthesis of?" or "summary of?") adj2 ((cochrane adj3 reviews) or "cochrane SR" or "cochrane SRs" or "literature reviews"))).tw,kf,bt. or (Cochrane.ti. and (overview or umbrella).tw,kf,bt.) | 1563 |
| 24 | 22 and 23                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  | 110  |
| 25 | 22 not 24                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  | 1453 |

**Database:** Web of Science Core Collection: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED) - -1987-present, Social Sciences Citation Index (SSCI) --1987-present, Arts & Humanities Citation Index (A&HCI) --1987-present, Emerging Sources Citation Index (ESCI) --2015-present

**Date:** 15.05.26

**Comments:** Searched with Exact search. PubMed records excluded from the search.

## **Number of hits: 111 systematic reviews, 2079 primary studies**

| or "mamma cancer")     | 752962 |
|------------------------|--------|
| "primary screening\$") | 137098 |
| program*"))            | 12232  |

| 4 #2 OR #3                                                                                  | 142004                                                                 |
|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| "Machine Learning" or "deep learning")                                                      | 1438751                                                                |
| NEAR/0                                                                                      | ("Decision Making" or Diagnos* or "Image Interpretation" or Therap* or |
| ((computer or automatic) NEAR/0 (diagnosis or diagnoses)))                                  | 52321                                                                  |
| 7 #5 OR #6                                                                                  | 1477445                                                                |
| "skill degradation\$")                                                                      | 1339                                                                   |
| (automation or AI or "A.I." or "Artificial Intelligence")))                                 | 39500                                                                  |
| "shortage of") NEAR/0 radiologist\$))                                                       | 903261                                                                 |
| radiological or roentgen) NEAR/0 (department\$ or service\$ or facilit*)) or ((health       | or                                                                     |
| eldercare or hospital\$ or rehabilitation)                                                  | 3844013                                                                |
| 12 TS=(econom* or cost or costs or costly or costing or price or prices or pricing or icer) | 4743459                                                                |
| technolog*")                                                                                | 8414                                                                   |
| performance\$")                                                                             | 107547                                                                 |
| misdiagnos* or “mis diagnos*” or "diagnostic blind spot\$")                                 | 163394                                                                 |

| 16 17 | TS=((patient NEAR/0 (safet* or harm or risk\$)) or trustworth* or "trust worth*" or ethics or ethical or "moral polic*") TS=("health related quality of life" or HRQL or qaly\$ or qualy\$ or "quality adjusted life year\$" or "healthy year equivalent\$" or "healthy years equivalent\$" or "adjusted life year\$")                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    | 460116 113633 |
|-------|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|---------------|
| 18    | #8 OR #9 OR #10 OR #11 OR #12 OR #13 OR #14 OR #15 OR #16 OR #17                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          | 9294965       |
| 19    | #1 AND #4 AND #7 AND #18                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  | 3814          |
| 20    | #1 AND #4 AND #7 AND #18 and English (Languages) #1 AND #4 AND #7 AND #18 and English (Languages) and 2026 or 2025 or 2023 or 2024                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        | 3768          |
|       | or 2022 or 2021 (Publication Years)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       | 2190          |
|       | TS=((systematic* NEAR/1 review*) or metaanal* or "meta anal*" or (medline "narrative review*") or (review and ((structured or database* or systematic*) NEAR/1 search*)) or ((integrative or rapid or scoping or mapping) NEAR/0 review*) or ((integrative or rapid or scoping or mapping) NEAR/0 "literature review*") or (evidence NEAR/1 review*) or ((research or evidence) NEAR/0 synthes*) or (umbrella NEAR/2 (review\$ or "systematic literature" or overview\$)) or (("review of\$" or "overview of\$" or "syntheses of\$" or "synthesis of\$" or "summary of\$") NEAR/1 (reviews or SR or SRs)) | not           |
|       | or "overview of\$ overview*" or "meta review" or metareview or (("review of\$" or "overview of\$" or "syntheses of\$" or "synthesis of\$" or "summary of\$") NEAR/1 ((cochrane NEAR/2 reviews) or "cochrane SR" or "cochrane SRs" or "literature                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          |               |
|       | reviews"))) or (TI=Cochrane and TS=(overview or umbrella))                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                | 1161907       |
| 23    | #21 AND #22                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               | 111           |
| 24    | #21 not #23                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               | 2079          |

**Database:** Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews Issue 05 of 12, May 2026, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials Issue 05 of 12, May 2026

**Date:** 15.05.26

## **Number of hits: 0 systematic reviews, 27 primary studies**

| #1 | [mh "Breast Neoplasms"]                                           | 21729                                       |
|----|-------------------------------------------------------------------|---------------------------------------------|
| #2 | (((breast or mammo                                                | or mammary) NEAR/3 (cancer? or neoplasm? or |
| #3 | #1 or #2                                                          | 50589                                       |
| #4 | [mh ^"Diagnostic Imaging"]                                        | 254                                         |
| #5 | [mh Mammography]                                                  | 1299                                        |
| #6 | (((diagnostic or medical) NEXT imaging?) or mammograph* or (mammo |                                             |

|     | mri or PET or echograph* or ultrasonograph* or ultrasound or sonograph* or ductograph* or scintigraph* or scintiscanning* or xerograph* or xeroradiograph* or imaging or "photon counting")) or breastcompute* or mammocompute* or mammoct or (primary NEXT screening?)):ti,ab                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          |                               |
|-----|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|-------------------------------|
| #7  | ((Breast or mammo or mammary) NEAR/3 ("cancer screening" or (screening NEXT program*))):ti,ab                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           |                               |
| #8  | #4 or #5 or #6 or #7                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    | 5137                          |
| #9  | [mh "Artificial Intelligence"]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          | 4109                          |
| #10 | [mh ^"Machine Learning"]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                | 848                           |
| #11 | [mh ^"Deep Learning"]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   | 415                           |
| #12 | ("Artificial Intelligence" or AI or "A.I." or (generative NEXT (pretrain* or "pre train" or "pre training" or "pre trainings") NEXT transformer) or GenAI or GAI or openAI or (generative NEXT model*) or "Machine Learning" or "deep learning"):ti,ab                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  |                               |
| #13 | #9 or #10 or #11 or #12                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 | 16884                         |
| #14 | [mh ^"Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted"]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    | 827                           |
| #15 | [mh ^"Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted"]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         | 1101                          |
| #16 | [mh ^"Radiographic Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted"]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            | 621                           |
| #17 | [mh ^"Digital Health"]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  | 123                           |
| #18 | [mh ^"Medical Informatics"]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             | 137                           |
| #19 | [mh ^"Decision Support Systems, Clinical"]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              | 768                           |
| #20 | [mh ^"Medical Informatics Applications"]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                | 43                            |
| #21 | [mh "Decision Making, Computer-Assisted"]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               | 5949                          |
| #22 | [mh ^"Medical Informatics Computing"]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   | 3                             |
| #23 | [mh "Hospital Information Systems"]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     | 908                           |
| #24 | [mh ^"Health Information Systems"]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      | 26                            |
| #25 | (((medical or health or clinical or nursing) NEXT informatics) or ((Medical or health) NEXT (Information or Computer) NEXT (Science? or system? or Exchange)) or (("Computer Assisted" or Computerassisted or "computer                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 |                               |
|     | aided" or computeraided) NEXT ("Decision Interpretation" or Therap* or Radiotherap* or detect* or scintigraph* or radiopgraph* or tomograph*)) or ((computer or automatic) NEXT (diagnosis or diagnoses))):ti,ab                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        | Making" or Diagnos* or "Image |
| #26 | #14 or #15 or #16 or #17 or #18 or #19 or #20 or #21 or #22 or #23 or #24 or #25                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        |                               |
| #27 | #13 or #26                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              | 24726                         |
| #28 | ("automation bias" or (automation NEXT complacenc*) or ("automation induced" NEXT complacenc*) or (automationinduced NEXT complacenc*) or deskilling or "de skilling" or (skill NEXT degradation?)):ti,ab                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               |                               |
| #29 | (((user or human) NEXT ("computer interaction" or "computer interactions" or "AI interaction" or "AI interactions" or "A.I. interaction" or "A.I. interactions" or "Artificial intelligence interaction" or "Artificial Intelligence interactions")) or ((computer or AI or "A.I." or "Artificial intelligence") NEAR/1 ("human interaction" or "human interactions" or "user interaction" or "user interactions")) or (("trust in" or trustworth* or credence or reliance? or "reliability of") NEXT (automation or AI or "A.I." or "Artificial Intelligence"))):ti,ab |                               |
| #30 | [mh ^"Decision Making"]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 | 3603                          |
| #31 | [mh ^"Clinical Decision-Making"]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        | 732                           |
| #32 | [mh ^"Job Satisfaction"]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                | 426                           |
| #33 | [mh ^"Working Conditions"]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              | 13                            |

| #34 | (((decision or choice) NEXT (making or process)) or decisionmaking              | or     |
|-----|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------|--------|
| #35 | #30 or #31 or #32 or #33 or #34                                                 | 22336  |
| #36 | [mh "Health Personnel"]                                                         | 17007  |
| #37 | [mh "Health Facilities"]                                                        | 24153  |
| #38 | [mh "Health Services"]                                                          | 146692 |
| #39 | [mh ^"Health Workforce"]                                                        | 35     |
| #40 | [mh ^"Public Health Infrastructure"]                                            | 0      |
| #41 | [mh ^"Comprehensive Health Care"]                                               | 102    |
| #42 | [mh ^"Health Care Sector"]                                                      | 17     |
| #43 | (((health or care or medical) NEXT (worker? or assistant? or workforce or       |        |
| #44 | #36 or #37 or #38 or #39 or #40 or #41 or #42 or #43                            | 538973 |
| #45 | [mh ^"Economics"]                                                               | 58     |
| #46 | [mh "Costs and Cost Analysis"]                                                  | 17200  |
| #47 | [mh ^"Economics, Medical"]                                                      | 35     |
| #48 | [mh ^"Health Care Costs"]                                                       | 3172   |
| #49 | (econom* or cost or costs or costly or costing or price or prices or pricing or |        |
| #50 | #45 or #46 or #47 or #48 or #49                                                 | 116736 |
| #51 | [mh "Technology Assessment, Biomedical"]                                        | 395    |
| #52 | (((biomedical or health) NEXT ("technology assessment" or "technology           |        |
| #53 | #51 or #52                                                                      | 184102 |
| #54 | (((diagnostic or diagnosis or diagnoses) NEXT accurac*) or (observer NEXT       |        |
| #55 | [mh ^"Diagnostic Errors"]                                                       | 400    |
| #56 | [mh ^"False Positive Reactions"]                                                | 604    |
| #57 | ((false NEXT positive?) or (recall* NEXT rate?) or ("abnormal interpretation"   |        |
| #58 | #55 or #56 or #57                                                               | 4408   |
| #59 | [mh ^"Patient Safety"]                                                          | 1079   |

| #60 | [mh ^"Patient Harm"]                                                            | 6      |
|-----|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------|--------|
| #61 | [mh "Ethics"]                                                                   | 1627   |
| #62 | ((patient NEXT (safet* or harm or risk?)) or trustworth* or (trust NEXT worth*) |        |
| #63 | #59 or #60 or #61 or #62                                                        | 37909  |
| #64 | [mh ^"Quality-Adjusted Life Years"]                                             | 2693   |
| #65 | ("health related quality of life" or HRQL or qaly? or qualy? or ("quality       |        |
| #66 | #64 or #65                                                                      | 106379 |
| #67 | #29 or #29 or #35 or #44 or #50 or #53 or #54 or #58 or #63 or #66              | 802618 |
| #68 | #3 and #8 and #27 and #67                                                       | 101    |
| #69 | (http*):so                                                                      | 623401 |
| #70 | #68 not #69                                                                     | 80     |
| #71 | #68 not #69 with Cochrane Library publication date Between Jan 2021 and         |        |
| #72 | #68 not #69 with Publication Year from 2021 to 2026, in Trials                  | 27     |