Human protein: poly
Human protein sequence: MAESSDKLYRVEYAKSGRASCKKCSESIPKDSLRMAIMVQSPMFDGKVPHWYHFSCFWKVGHSIRHPDVEVDGFSELRWDDQQKVKKTAEAGGVTGKGQDGIGSKAEKTLGDFAAEYAKSNRSTCKGCMEKIEKGQVRLSKKMVDPEKPQLGMIDRWYHPGCFVKNREELGFRPEYSASQLKGFSLLATEDKEALKKQLPGVKSEGKRKGDEVDGVDEVAKKKSKKEKDKDSKLEKALKAQNDLIWNIKDELKKVCSTNDLKELLIFNKQQVPSGESAILDRVADGMVFGALLPCEECSGQLVFKSDAYYCTGDVTAWTKCMVKTQTPNRKEWVTPKEFREISYLKKLKVKKQDRIFPPETSASVAATPPPSTASAPAAVNSSASADKPLSNMKILTLGKLSRNKDEVKAMIEKLGGKLTGTANKASLCISTKKEVEKMNKKMEEVKEANIRVVSEDFLQDVSASTKSLQELFLAHILSPWGAEVKAEPVEVVAPRGKSGAALSKKSKGQVKEEGINKSEKRMKLTLKGGAAVDPDSGLEHSAHVLEKGGKVFSATLGLVDIVKGTNSYYKLQLLEDDKENRYWIFRSWGRVGTVIGSNKLEQMPSKEDAIEHFMKLYEEKTGNAWHSKNFTKYPKKFYPLEIDYGQDEEAVKKLTVNPGTKSKLPKPVQDLIKMIFDVESMKKAMVEYEIDLQKMPLGKLSKRQIQAAYSILSEVQQAVSQGSSDSQILDLSNRFYTLIPHDFGMKKPPLLNNADSVQAKVEMLDNLLDIEVAYSLLRGGSDDSSKDPIDVNYEKLKTDIKVVDRDSEEAEIIRKYVKNTHATTHNAYDLEVIDIFKIEREGECQRYKPFKQLHNRRLLWHGSRTTNFAGILSQGLRIAPPEAPVTGYMFGKGIYFADMVSKSANYCHTSQGDPIGLILLGEVALGNMYELKHASHISKLPKGKHSVKGLGKTTPDPSANISLDGVDVPLGTGISSGVNDTSLLYNEYIVYDIAQVNLKYLLKLKFNFKTSLW

HIV protein: retropepsin
Interaction type: induces cleavage of
Description: HIV-1 protease directly cleaves and activates procaspase 8 in T cells, which is associated with cleavage of BID, mitochondrial release of cytochrome c, activation of the downstream caspases 9 and 3, and cleavage of DFF and PARP
HIV protein sequence: PQVTLWQRPLVTIKIGGQLKEALLDTGADDTVLEEMSLPGRWKPKMIGGIGGFIKVRQYDQILIEICGHKAIGTVLVGPTPVNIIGRNLLTQIGCTLNF

HIV protein: retropepsin
Interaction type: cleaves
Description: Inhibition of HIV-1 protease by saquinavir and leu3.a blocks PARP cleavage and protects cells from apoptosis and necrosis
HIV protein sequence: PQVTLWQRPLVTIKIGGQLKEALLDTGADDTVLEEMSLPGRWKPKMIGGIGGFIKVRQYDQILIEICGHKAIGTVLVGPTPVNIIGRNLLTQIGCTLNF

HIV protein: retropepsin
Interaction type: cleaves
Description: Positional proteomics analysis identifies the cleavage of human poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase family, member 1 (PARP1) at amino acid residues 185-186 by the HIV-1 protease
HIV protein sequence: PQVTLWQRPLVTIKIGGQLKEALLDTGADDTVLEEMSLPGRWKPKMIGGIGGFIKVRQYDQILIEICGHKAIGTVLVGPTPVNIIGRNLLTQIGCTLNF

HIV protein: integrase
Interaction type: requires
Description: PARP has been described as a requirement for efficient HIV-1 integration, however a conflicting report indicates it is not essential for efficient lentivirus integration
HIV protein sequence: FLDGIDKAQDEHEKYHSNWRAMASDFNLPPVVAKEIVASCDKCQLKGEAMHGQVDCSPGIWQLDCTHLEGKVILVAVHVASGYIEAEVIPAETGQETAYFLLKLAGRWPVKTIHTDNGSNFTGATVRAACWWAGIKQEFGIPYNPQSQGVVESMNKELKKIIGQVRDQAEHLKTAVQMAVFIHNFKRKGGIGGYSAGERIVDIIATDIQTKELQKQITKIQNFRVYYRDSRNPLWKGPAKLLWKGEGAVVIQDNSDIKVVPRRKAKIIRDYGKQMAGDDCVASRQDED

HIV protein: Vpr
Interaction type: induces cleavage of
Description: HIV-1 Vpr induces apoptosis and the cleavage of ADPRT in a manner that is signaled through the DNA damage signaling protein ataxia telangiectasia Rad3-related protein (ATR)
HIV protein sequence: MEQAPEDQGPQREPHNEWTLELLEELKNEAVRHFPRIWLHGLGQHIYETYGDTWAGVEAIIRILQQLLFIHFRIGCRHSRIGVTRQRRARNGASRS

HIV protein: Vpr
Interaction type: recruits
Description: Recruitment of PARP-1 by HIV-1 Vpr-glucocorticoid receptor (GR) complex prevents its nuclear localization, which is necessary for Vpr to suppress NF-kappaB
HIV protein sequence: MEQAPEDQGPQREPHNEWTLELLEELKNEAVRHFPRIWLHGLGQHIYETYGDTWAGVEAIIRILQQLLFIHFRIGCRHSRIGVTRQRRARNGASRS

HIV protein: Tat
Interaction type: modified by
Description: Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase modifies HIV-1 Tat with poly(ADP-ribose), suggesting a role for this enzyme in the regulation of HIV-1 gene expression
HIV protein sequence: MEPVDPRLEPWKHPGSQPKTACTNCYCKKCCFHCQVCFITKALGISYGRKKRRQRRRAHQNSQTHQASLSKQPTSQPRGDPTGPKE

HIV protein: Tat
Interaction type: stimulates
Description: Purified recombinant HIV-1 Tat protein stimulates poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase in a dose dependent manner
HIV protein sequence: MEPVDPRLEPWKHPGSQPKTACTNCYCKKCCFHCQVCFITKALGISYGRKKRRQRRRAHQNSQTHQASLSKQPTSQPRGDPTGPKE

HIV protein: Tat
Interaction type: induces cleavage of
Description: HIV-1 Tat induces the cleavage of PARP and activation of apoptosis through a p56lck dependent mechanism
HIV protein sequence: MEPVDPRLEPWKHPGSQPKTACTNCYCKKCCFHCQVCFITKALGISYGRKKRRQRRRAHQNSQTHQASLSKQPTSQPRGDPTGPKE

HIV protein: Tat
Interaction type: induces cleavage of
Description: Treatment of primary human microvascular endothelial cells of lung origin with HIV-1 Tat caused cleavage of poly(A/DP)-ribose polymerase as a result of caspase activation
HIV protein sequence: MEPVDPRLEPWKHPGSQPKTACTNCYCKKCCFHCQVCFITKALGISYGRKKRRQRRRAHQNSQTHQASLSKQPTSQPRGDPTGPKE

HIV protein: Tat
Interaction type: regulated by
Description: PARP1 negatively regulates HIV-1 transcription by directly competing with Tat-P-TEFb complex for binding to TAR RNA
HIV protein sequence: MEPVDPRLEPWKHPGSQPKTACTNCYCKKCCFHCQVCFITKALGISYGRKKRRQRRRAHQNSQTHQASLSKQPTSQPRGDPTGPKE

HIV protein: Tat
Interaction type: interacts with
Description: The levels of PARP1 protein are reduced after Caco-2 cells exposure to HIV-1 Tat compared with control
HIV protein sequence: MEPVDPRLEPWKHPGSQPKTACTNCYCKKCCFHCQVCFITKALGISYGRKKRRQRRRAHQNSQTHQASLSKQPTSQPRGDPTGPKE

HIV protein: Tat
Interaction type: induces cleavage of
Description: CB1 and CB2 endocannabinoid receptors are involved in HIV-1 Tat-induced cleavage of PARP1 and CASP3 in retinal cells
HIV protein sequence: MEPVDPRLEPWKHPGSQPKTACTNCYCKKCCFHCQVCFITKALGISYGRKKRRQRRRAHQNSQTHQASLSKQPTSQPRGDPTGPKE

HIV protein: Tat
Interaction type: induces cleavage of
Description: HIV-1 Tat-induced PARP cleavage during mitotic arrest occurs downstream of Tat-induced cytochrome c release during mitotic arrest in CD4+ T-lymphocytes
HIV protein sequence: MEPVDPRLEPWKHPGSQPKTACTNCYCKKCCFHCQVCFITKALGISYGRKKRRQRRRAHQNSQTHQASLSKQPTSQPRGDPTGPKE

HIV protein: Tat
Interaction type: induces cleavage of
Description: HIV-1 clade B and C Tat induces cleavage of both PARP and CASP3 in primary glia
HIV protein sequence: MEPVDPRLEPWKHPGSQPKTACTNCYCKKCCFHCQVCFITKALGISYGRKKRRQRRRAHQNSQTHQASLSKQPTSQPRGDPTGPKE

HIV protein: Tat
Interaction type: binds
Description: HIV-1 Tat binds TOP2B (topoisomeraseIIb), XRCC6 (Ku70), and PARP1 during transactivation and viral replication
HIV protein sequence: MEPVDPRLEPWKHPGSQPKTACTNCYCKKCCFHCQVCFITKALGISYGRKKRRQRRRAHQNSQTHQASLSKQPTSQPRGDPTGPKE

HIV protein: Tat
Interaction type: regulates
Description: The poly(A) site in the HIV-1 5'-LTR is occluded in a Tat-dependent manner, suggesting a role for Tat in regulating this nucleotide signal
HIV protein sequence: MEPVDPRLEPWKHPGSQPKTACTNCYCKKCCFHCQVCFITKALGISYGRKKRRQRRRAHQNSQTHQASLSKQPTSQPRGDPTGPKE

HIV protein: Vpu
Interaction type: induces cleavage of
Description: HIV-1 Vpu-induced cleavage of PARP is dependent on caspase activity in cells
HIV protein sequence: MQPIPIVAIVALVVAIIIAIVVWSIVIIEYRKILRQRKIDRLIDRLIERAEDSGNESEGEISALVEMGVEMGHHAPWDVDDL

HIV protein: Envelope surface glycoprotein gp120
Interaction type: upregulates
Description: The mRNA expression levels for alpha-tubulin, TRADD, IFN-gamma R2, GAS1, MADD, NF-kappaB, I-kappa B, 14-3-3 protein, APaf1, PARP, IGF-1 receptor, RB1, Rb2/p130, ARC, and caspase 6 are upregulated in human neuronal cells after treatment with HIV-1 gp120
HIV protein sequence: SATEKLWVTVYYGVPVWKEATTTLFCASDAKAYDTEVHNVWATHACVPTDPNPQEVVLVNVTENFNMWKNDMVEQMHEDIISLWDQSLKPCVKLTPLCVSLKCTDLKNDTNTNSSSGRMIMEKGEIKNCSFNISTSIRGKVQKEYAFFYKLDIIPIDNDTTSYKLTSCNTSVITQACPKVSFEPIPIHYCAPAGFAILKCNNKTFNGTGPCTNVSTVQCTHGIRPVVSTQLLLNGSLAEEEVVIRSVNFTDNAKTIIVQLNTSVEINCTRPNNNTRKRIRIQRGPGRAFVTIGKIGNMRQAHCNISRAKWNNTLKQIASKLREQFGNNKTIIFKQSSGGDPEIVTHSFNCGGEFFYCNSTQLFNSTWFNSTWSTEGSNNTEGSDTITLPCRIKQIINMWQKVGKAMYAPPISGQIRCSSNITGLLLTRDGGNSNNESEIFRPGGGDMRDNWRSELYKYKVVKIEPLGVAPTKAKRRVVQREKR

HIV protein: Envelope surface glycoprotein gp120
Interaction type: induces cleavage of
Description: Contact of CD4+ T cells with HIV-1 infected or HIV-1 gp120-expressing cells induces PARP hydrolysis, which leads to the cleavage of 116 kDa PARP into two fragments
HIV protein sequence: SATEKLWVTVYYGVPVWKEATTTLFCASDAKAYDTEVHNVWATHACVPTDPNPQEVVLVNVTENFNMWKNDMVEQMHEDIISLWDQSLKPCVKLTPLCVSLKCTDLKNDTNTNSSSGRMIMEKGEIKNCSFNISTSIRGKVQKEYAFFYKLDIIPIDNDTTSYKLTSCNTSVITQACPKVSFEPIPIHYCAPAGFAILKCNNKTFNGTGPCTNVSTVQCTHGIRPVVSTQLLLNGSLAEEEVVIRSVNFTDNAKTIIVQLNTSVEINCTRPNNNTRKRIRIQRGPGRAFVTIGKIGNMRQAHCNISRAKWNNTLKQIASKLREQFGNNKTIIFKQSSGGDPEIVTHSFNCGGEFFYCNSTQLFNSTWFNSTWSTEGSNNTEGSDTITLPCRIKQIINMWQKVGKAMYAPPISGQIRCSSNITGLLLTRDGGNSNNESEIFRPGGGDMRDNWRSELYKYKVVKIEPLGVAPTKAKRRVVQREKR

HIV protein: Nef
Interaction type: induces cleavage of
Description: HIV-1 Nef enhances apoptosis in CD4+ T lymphoblastoid cell lines through mechanisms that include the cleavage of the caspase target poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase
HIV protein sequence: MGGKWSKSSVIGWPTVRERMRRAEPAADRVGAASRDLEKHGAITSSNTAATNAACAWLEAQEEEEVGFPVTPQVPLRPMTYKAAVDLSHFLKEKGGLEGLIHSQRRQDILDLWIYHTQGYFPDWQNYTPGPGVRYPLTFGWCYKLVPVEPDKIEEANKGENTSLLHPVSLHGMDDPEREVLEWRFDSRLAFHHVARELHPEYFKNC

HIV protein: Nef
Interaction type: induces cleavage of
Description: Expression of HIV-1 Nef in human brain micro vascular endothelial cells induces the cleavage of PARP protein, which is involved in DNA repair
HIV protein sequence: MGGKWSKSSVIGWPTVRERMRRAEPAADRVGAASRDLEKHGAITSSNTAATNAACAWLEAQEEEEVGFPVTPQVPLRPMTYKAAVDLSHFLKEKGGLEGLIHSQRRQDILDLWIYHTQGYFPDWQNYTPGPGVRYPLTFGWCYKLVPVEPDKIEEANKGENTSLLHPVSLHGMDDPEREVLEWRFDSRLAFHHVARELHPEYFKNC