Human protein: tubulin alpha-3C chain
Human protein sequence: MRECISIHVGQAGVQIGNACWELYCLEHGIQPDGQMPSDKTIGGGDDSFNTFFSETGAGKHVPRAVFVDLEPTVVDEVRTGTYRQLFHPEQLITGKEDAANNYARGHYTIGKEIVDLVLDRIRKLADLCTGLQGFLIFHSFGGGTGSGFASLLMERLSVDYGKKSKLEFAIYPAPQVSTAVVEPYNSILTTHTTLEHSDCAFMVDNEAIYDICRRNLDIERPTYTNLNRLIGQIVSSITASLRFDGALNVDLTEFQTNLVPYPRIHFPLATYAPVISAEKAYHEQLSVAEITNACFEPANQMVKCDPRHGKYMACCMLYRGDVVPKDVNAAIATIKTKRTIQFVDWCPTGFKVGINYQPPTVVPGGDLAKVQRAVCMLSNTTAIAEAWARLDHKFDLMYAKRAFVHWYVGEGMEEGEFSEAREDLAALEKDYEEVGVDSVEAEAEEGEEY

HIV protein: Pr55(Gag)
Interaction type: interacts with
Description: Treatment of cells with actin-depolymerizing agents or tubulin polymerization inhibitors largely reduces the percentage of cells with capped HIV-1 Gag and Env, indicating an intact actin and tubulin cytoskeleton is required for efficient assembly of HIV-1
HIV protein sequence: MGARASVLSGGELDRWEKIRLRPGGKKKYKLKHIVWASRELERFAVNPGLLETSEGCRQILGQLQPSLQTGSEELRSLYNTVATLYCVHQRIEIKDTKEALDKIEEEQNKSKKKAQQAAADTGHSNQVSQNYPIVQNIQGQMVHQAISPRTLNAWVKVVEEKAFSPEVIPMFSALSEGATPQDLNTMLNTVGGHQAAMQMLKETINEEAAEWDRVHPVHAGPIAPGQMREPRGSDIAGTTSTLQEQIGWMTNNPPIPVGEIYKRWIILGLNKIVRMYSPTSILDIRQGPKEPFRDYVDRFYKTLRAEQASQEVKNWMTETLLVQNANPDCKTILKALGPAATLEEMMTACQGVGGPGHKARVLAEAMSQVTNSATIMMQRGNFRNQRKIVKCFNCGKEGHTARNCRAPRKKGCWKCGKEGHQMKDCTERQANFLGKIWPSYKGRPGNFLQSRPEPTAPPEESFRSGVETTTPPQKQEPIDKELYPLTSLRSLFGNDPSSQ

HIV protein: integrase
Interaction type: interacts with
Description: Co-immunoprecipitation shows interaction of HIV-1 IN with alpha-tubulin
HIV protein sequence: FLDGIDKAQDEHEKYHSNWRAMASDFNLPPVVAKEIVASCDKCQLKGEAMHGQVDCSPGIWQLDCTHLEGKVILVAVHVASGYIEAEVIPAETGQETAYFLLKLAGRWPVKTIHTDNGSNFTGATVRAACWWAGIKQEFGIPYNPQSQGVVESMNKELKKIIGQVRDQAEHLKTAVQMAVFIHNFKRKGGIGGYSAGERIVDIIATDIQTKELQKQITKIQNFRVYYRDSRNPLWKGPAKLLWKGEGAVVIQDNSDIKVVPRRKAKIIRDYGKQMAGDDCVASRQDED

HIV protein: Tat
Interaction type: binds
Description: HIV-1 Tat (amino acids 36-39) binds tubulin alpha/beta dimers and polymerized microtubules leading to the alteration of microtubule dynamics and activation of a mitochondria-dependent apoptotic pathway that is facilitated by the Bcl-2 relative Bim
HIV protein sequence: MEPVDPRLEPWKHPGSQPKTACTNCYCKKCCFHCQVCFITKALGISYGRKKRRQRRRAHQNSQTHQASLSKQPTSQPRGDPTGPKE

HIV protein: Tat
Interaction type: enhances polymerization of
Description: HIV-1 Tat (specifically, amino acids 38-72), enhances tubulin polymerization and triggers the mitochondrial pathway to induce T cell apoptosis as shown in vitro by the release of cytochrome c from isolated mitochondria
HIV protein sequence: MEPVDPRLEPWKHPGSQPKTACTNCYCKKCCFHCQVCFITKALGISYGRKKRRQRRRAHQNSQTHQASLSKQPTSQPRGDPTGPKE

HIV protein: Tat
Interaction type: disrupts
Description: HIV-1 Tat causes a dramatic decrease in alpha-tubulin staining, which indicates disruption of the cytoskeleton organization in human intestinal epithelial cells
HIV protein sequence: MEPVDPRLEPWKHPGSQPKTACTNCYCKKCCFHCQVCFITKALGISYGRKKRRQRRRAHQNSQTHQASLSKQPTSQPRGDPTGPKE

HIV protein: Tat
Interaction type: modulates
Description: HIV-1 Tat K29A, K50R, and K51R lysine mutations downregulate the proportion of soluble tubulin in cells, while the majority of other lysine mutations upregulate the percentage of soluble tubulin compared with the wild-type
HIV protein sequence: MEPVDPRLEPWKHPGSQPKTACTNCYCKKCCFHCQVCFITKALGISYGRKKRRQRRRAHQNSQTHQASLSKQPTSQPRGDPTGPKE

HIV protein: Rev
Interaction type: depolymerizes
Description: Rev acts to depolymerize microtubules that are formed by tubulin, an effect that is observed during HIV-1 infection
HIV protein sequence: MAGRSGDSDEELIRTVRLIKLLYQSNPPPNPEGTRQARRNRRRRWRERQRQIHSISERILGTYLGRSAEPVPLQLPPLERLTLDCNEDCGTSGTQGVGSPQILVESPTVLESGTKE

HIV protein: Envelope surface glycoprotein gp160, precursor
Interaction type: interacts with
Description: Treatment of cells with actin-depolymerizing agents or tubulin polymerization inhibitors largely reduces the percentage of cells with capped HIV-1 Gag and Env, indicating an intact actin and tubulin cytoskeleton is required for efficient assembly of HIV-1
HIV protein sequence: MRVKEKYQHLWRWGWRWGTMLLGMLMICSATEKLWVTVYYGVPVWKEATTTLFCASDAKAYDTEVHNVWATHACVPTDPNPQEVVLVNVTENFNMWKNDMVEQMHEDIISLWDQSLKPCVKLTPLCVSLKCTDLKNDTNTNSSSGRMIMEKGEIKNCSFNISTSIRGKVQKEYAFFYKLDIIPIDNDTTSYKLTSCNTSVITQACPKVSFEPIPIHYCAPAGFAILKCNNKTFNGTGPCTNVSTVQCTHGIRPVVSTQLLLNGSLAEEEVVIRSVNFTDNAKTIIVQLNTSVEINCTRPNNNTRKRIRIQRGPGRAFVTIGKIGNMRQAHCNISRAKWNNTLKQIASKLREQFGNNKTIIFKQSSGGDPEIVTHSFNCGGEFFYCNSTQLFNSTWFNSTWSTEGSNNTEGSDTITLPCRIKQIINMWQKVGKAMYAPPISGQIRCSSNITGLLLTRDGGNSNNESEIFRPGGGDMRDNWRSELYKYKVVKIEPLGVAPTKAKRRVVQREKRAVGIGALFLGFLGAAGSTMGAASMTLTVQARQLLSGIVQQQNNLLRAIEAQQHLLQLTVWGIKQLQARILAVERYLKDQQLLGIWGCSGKLICTTAVPWNASWSNKSLEQIWNHTTWMEWDREINNYTSLIHSLIEESQNQQEKNEQELLELDKWASLWNWFNITNWLWYIKLFIMIVGGLVGLRIVFAVLSIVNRVRQGYSPLSFQTHLPTPRGPDRPEGIEEEGGERDRDRSIRLVNGSLALIWDDLRSLCLFSYHRLRDLLLIVTRIVELLGRRGWEALKYWWNLLQYWSQELKNSAVSLLNATAIAVAEGTDRVIEVVQGACRAIRHIPRRIRQGLERILL

HIV protein: Envelope surface glycoprotein gp120
Interaction type: upregulates
Description: The mRNA expression levels for alpha-tubulin, TRADD, IFN-gamma R2, GAS1, MADD, NF-kappaB, I-kappa B, 14-3-3 protein, APaf1, PARP, IGF-1 receptor, RB1, Rb2/p130, ARC, and caspase 6 are upregulated in human neuronal cells after treatment with HIV-1 gp120
HIV protein sequence: SATEKLWVTVYYGVPVWKEATTTLFCASDAKAYDTEVHNVWATHACVPTDPNPQEVVLVNVTENFNMWKNDMVEQMHEDIISLWDQSLKPCVKLTPLCVSLKCTDLKNDTNTNSSSGRMIMEKGEIKNCSFNISTSIRGKVQKEYAFFYKLDIIPIDNDTTSYKLTSCNTSVITQACPKVSFEPIPIHYCAPAGFAILKCNNKTFNGTGPCTNVSTVQCTHGIRPVVSTQLLLNGSLAEEEVVIRSVNFTDNAKTIIVQLNTSVEINCTRPNNNTRKRIRIQRGPGRAFVTIGKIGNMRQAHCNISRAKWNNTLKQIASKLREQFGNNKTIIFKQSSGGDPEIVTHSFNCGGEFFYCNSTQLFNSTWFNSTWSTEGSNNTEGSDTITLPCRIKQIINMWQKVGKAMYAPPISGQIRCSSNITGLLLTRDGGNSNNESEIFRPGGGDMRDNWRSELYKYKVVKIEPLGVAPTKAKRRVVQREKR

HIV protein: Envelope surface glycoprotein gp120
Interaction type: induces acetylation of
Description: The binding of HIV-1 gp120 to CD4+-permissive cells increases the level of acetylated alpha-tubulin in a CD4-dependent manner; overexpression of Histone Deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) inhibits the acetylation of alpha-tubulin and prevents HIV-1-cell fusion
HIV protein sequence: SATEKLWVTVYYGVPVWKEATTTLFCASDAKAYDTEVHNVWATHACVPTDPNPQEVVLVNVTENFNMWKNDMVEQMHEDIISLWDQSLKPCVKLTPLCVSLKCTDLKNDTNTNSSSGRMIMEKGEIKNCSFNISTSIRGKVQKEYAFFYKLDIIPIDNDTTSYKLTSCNTSVITQACPKVSFEPIPIHYCAPAGFAILKCNNKTFNGTGPCTNVSTVQCTHGIRPVVSTQLLLNGSLAEEEVVIRSVNFTDNAKTIIVQLNTSVEINCTRPNNNTRKRIRIQRGPGRAFVTIGKIGNMRQAHCNISRAKWNNTLKQIASKLREQFGNNKTIIFKQSSGGDPEIVTHSFNCGGEFFYCNSTQLFNSTWFNSTWSTEGSNNTEGSDTITLPCRIKQIINMWQKVGKAMYAPPISGQIRCSSNITGLLLTRDGGNSNNESEIFRPGGGDMRDNWRSELYKYKVVKIEPLGVAPTKAKRRVVQREKR

HIV protein: Envelope transmembrane glycoprotein gp41
Interaction type: downregulates
Description: Expression of HIV-1 gp41 cytoplasmic domain reduces acetylated tubulin alpha and interferes with virus-cell fusion
HIV protein sequence: AVGIGALFLGFLGAAGSTMGAASMTLTVQARQLLSGIVQQQNNLLRAIEAQQHLLQLTVWGIKQLQARILAVERYLKDQQLLGIWGCSGKLICTTAVPWNASWSNKSLEQIWNHTTWMEWDREINNYTSLIHSLIEESQNQQEKNEQELLELDKWASLWNWFNITNWLWYIKLFIMIVGGLVGLRIVFAVLSIVNRVRQGYSPLSFQTHLPTPRGPDRPEGIEEEGGERDRDRSIRLVNGSLALIWDDLRSLCLFSYHRLRDLLLIVTRIVELLGRRGWEALKYWWNLLQYWSQELKNSAVSLLNATAIAVAEGTDRVIEVVQGACRAIRHIPRRIRQGLERILL