page_title: Timeline of psychiatry
section_title: The era of the new psychopharmacology
hierarchical_section_title: Timeline of psychiatry / The era of the new psychopharmacology
caption_attribution_description: Ball-and-stick model of the chlorpromazine molecule. X-ray diffraction data from H. S. Yathirajan, M. A. Ashok, B. Narayana Achar and M. Bolte (April 2007). "Chlorpromazinium picrate". Acta. Cryst. 'E63' (4): o1795-o1797. DOI:10.1107/S1600536807011555.
context_page_description: This is a timeline of the modern development of psychiatry. Related information can be found in the Timeline of psychology and Timeline of psychotherapy articles.
context_section_description: 1950
  The World Psychiatric Association was founded.
  1952
  The first published clinical trial of chlorpromazine which is the first antipsychotic (invented by Henri Laborit, Jean Delay and Pierre Deniker) was conducted at Sainte-Anne Hospital Center in Paris. Known as Largactil in Europe, it was brought to Montreal by Heinz Lehman and named Thorazine.
  1952
  The American Psychiatric Association (APA) published the first Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM); it was revised in 1968, 1980/7, 1994, 2000 and 2013.
  1952
  The first monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) antidepressant iproniazid was discovered.
  1953
  Russian-born physiologist Nathaniel Kleitman of the U. of Chicago discovered Rapid eye movement sleep (REM), founding modern sleep research.
  French psychiatrist Jacques Lacan broke with the IPA over his variable-length sessions, and founded the Société Française de Psychanalyse.
  1954
  James Olds and Peter Milner of McGill University discovered the brain reward system.
  Roger Sperry of Caltech began split-brain research.
  On the recommendation of the Bhore Committee in 1946, the All India Institute of Mental Health was founded, becoming the National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS) in 1974 at Bangalore.
  1956
  Gregory Bateson, John Weakland, Donald deAvila Jackson, and Jay Haley proposed the double bind theory of schizophrenia, which regards it as stemming from situations where a person receives different or contradictory messages.
  The English translation of  The Standard Edition of the Complete Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud was published in 24 volumes (1956–74).
  1957
  Arvid Carlsson demonstrated that dopamine is a neurotransmitter in the brain.
  The first tricyclic antidepressant (TCA), imipramine was discovered.
  1958
  Aaron B. Lerner et al. of Yale University isolated the hormone melatonin, which was found to regulate the circadian rhythm.
  1960s
  Aaron T. Beck developed cognitive therapy.
  1960
  The first benzodiazepine, chlordiazepoxide, under the trade name Librium was introduced.
  1961
  Professor of psychiatry Thomas Szasz publishes The Myth of Mental Illness.
  1963
  United States president John F. Kennedy introduced legislation delegating the National Institute of Mental Health to administer Community Mental Health Centers for those being discharged from state psychiatric hospitals.
  Medard Boss founded Daseinsanalysis.
  1964
  Ronald David Laing published Sanity, Madness and the Family, claiming that the roots of schizophrenia lie in the "family nexus", where people play dark games with each other.
  1970
  The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved lithium for acute mania.
  The United States U.S. Controlled Substances Act was passed, putting LSD, DMT, Psilocybin, Mescaline, and Marijuana on Schedule I (no accepted medical use).
  1972
  American psychologist David Rosenhan published the Rosenhan experiment, a study challenging the validity of psychiatric diagnoses.
  1973
  The American Psychiatric Association declassified homosexuality as a mental disorder.
  The Caucus of Gay, Lesbian, and Bisexual Members of the American Psychiatric Association was officially founded. A primary function of the organization was to advocate to the APA on LGBT mental health issues.  The caucus changed its name to the Association of Gay and Lesbian Psychiatrists in 1985.
  1977
  The ICD-9 was published by the WHO.
  Andrey Lichko published Psychopathies and Accentuations of Character of Teenagers.
  1980
  Transgender people were officially classified by the American Psychiatric Association as having "gender identity disorder."
  1982
  The National Mental Health Programme (NMHP) was launched in India.
  1983
  The European Psychiatric Association was founded.
  1987
  The Indian Mental Health Act was drafted by the parliament, but it came into effect in all the states andunion territories of India in April 1993. This act replaced the Indian Lunacy Act of 1912, which had earlier replaced the Indian Lunatic Asylum act of 1858.
  1988
  Fluoxetine (trade name Prozac), the first selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) antidepressa
caption: Chlorpromazine's chemical structure.
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