page_title: Archduchess Maria Johanna Gabriela of Austria
section_title: Engagement and death
hierarchical_section_title: Archduchess Maria Johanna Gabriela of Austria / Engagement and death
caption_attribution_description: Français&#160;: Sarcophage de Johanna Gabriele, Archiduchesse d'Autriche, 11ème enfant (sur 16) et 8ème fille de l'empereur François 1er de Lorraine, et de l'impératrice Marie-Thérèse. Soeur de Marie-Antoinette. Elle mourut de la variole à 12 ans. Crypte des Capucins, Vienne, Autriche.English: Sarcophagus of Johanna Gabriele, Archduchess of Austria, 11th child (total of 16), 8th daughter of Emperor Francis I of Lorraine and Empress Maria-Theresia. Died of smallpox at 12. Imperial Crypt, Vienna, Austria.
context_page_description: Archduchess Maria Johanna of Austria was an Archduchess of Austria and Princess of Tuscany, Hungary and Bohemia as the eleventh child and eighth daughter of Francis Stephen of Lorraine, Holy Roman Emperor and Maria Theresa. She was described as likeable and good-natured, but died aged 12 of smallpox.
context_section_description: Maria Theresa pursued a deliberate marriage policy to which all of her children had to submit. Thus, she  married most of her children off throughout Europe. She and King Charles III of Spain agreed that Maria Theresa's fourth daughter, Archduchess Maria Amalia, would marry Charles III's son, King Ferdinand III of Sicily and IV of Naples; but Charles later wanted to break off the engagement due to Amalia being five years older than Ferdinand. Maria Theresa then turned her attention to Johanna, the closest sister who was just one year older than Ferdinand, so she betrothed Johanna to Ferdinand instead.
  In the second half of the eighteenth century, smallpox was ravaging the Holy Roman Empire. Leopold Mozart, father of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, wrote that "in the whole of Vienna, nothing was spoken of except smallpox. If 10 children were on the death register, 9 of them had died from smallpox." Johanna's older brother Karl Joseph died of smallpox in 1761 and Maria Theresa became a strong supporter of inoculation, a primitive way of immunization. In order to set a strong example, the Empress ordered the inoculation of all her remaining children. Although without incidents for the other children, Johanna became ill after the inoculation and died shortly thereafter. She was buried in the Imperial Crypt in Vienna.
caption: Her sarcophagus in the Imperial Crypt
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