page_title: List of leaders of the TBVC states
section_title: Ciskei
hierarchical_section_title: List of leaders of the TBVC states / List / Ciskei
context_page_description: Their independence was not recognized outside South Africa.
  The bantustans with nominal independence were Transkei, Bophuthatswana, Venda and Ciskei, hence the abbreviation TBVC.
  The TBVC states were reintegrated into South Africa after the first post-apartheid general election in 1994.
caption: Coat of arms of the Republic of Ciskei (Xhosa: iRiphabliki ye Ciskei).