page_title: Steam locomotive
section_title: Compounding
hierarchical_section_title: Steam locomotive / Variations / Compounding
caption_attribution_description: Русский: Паровоз У127 (серия У) в павильоне «Траурный поезд В. И. Ленина» у Павелецкого вокзала (Москва) English: Russian Locomotive Class U number U127 (Lenin's Locomotive) at the Museum of the Moscow Railway located at Paveletsky Rail Terminal, Moscow
context_page_description: A steam locomotive is a type of railway locomotive that produces its pulling power through a steam engine. These locomotives are fuelled by burning combustible material—usually coal, wood, or oil—to produce steam in a boiler. The steam moves reciprocating pistons which are mechanically connected to the locomotive's main wheels. Both fuel and water supplies are carried with the locomotive, either on the locomotive itself or in wagons pulled behind.
  Steam locomotives were first developed in the United Kingdom during the early 19th century and used for railway transport until the middle of the 20th century. Richard Trevithick built the first steam locomotive in 1802. The first commercially successful steam locomotive was built in 1812–13 by John Blenkinsop, the Salamanca, the Locomotion No. 1, built by George Stephenson and his son Robert's company Robert Stephenson and Company, was the first steam locomotive to haul passengers on a public railway, the Stockton and Darlington Railway in 1825. In 1830, George Stephenson opened the first public inter-city railway, the Liverpool and Manchester Railway.
context_section_description: Compound locomotives were used from 1876, expanding the steam twice or more through separate cylinders –  reducing thermal losses caused by cylinder cooling. Compound locomotives were especially useful in trains where long periods of continuous efforts were needed. Compounding contributed to the dramatic increase in power achieved by André Chapelon's rebuilds from 1929. A common application was in articulated locomotives, the most common being that designed by Anatole Mallet, in which the high-pressure stage was attached directly to the boiler frame; in front of this was pivoted a low-pressure engine on its own frame, which takes the exhaust from the rear engine.
caption: U-127 Lenin's funeral train, a 4-6-0 oil burning De Glehn compound locomotive, in the Museum of the Moscow Railway at Paveletsky Rail Terminal
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