page_title: Ivan Kőszegi
section_title: Rebellions against Ladislaus IV
hierarchical_section_title: Ivan Kőszegi / Powerful baron / Rebellions against Ladislaus IV
caption_attribution_description: Kőszeg - Hungary, Castle
context_page_description: Ivan Kőszegi was an influential lord in the Kingdom of Hungary at the turn of the 13th and 14th centuries. Earlier historiographical works also refer to him Ivan Németújvári. He was Palatine in 1281, between 1287 and 1288, and from 1302 until 1307, Ban of Slavonia in 1275, from 1284 until 1285 and in 1290, and Master of the treasury in 1276 and 1291.
  Originating from the powerful Kőszegi family, his career was characterized by series of rebellions and violations of the law against the royal power. As one of the so-called oligarchs, he established a province in Western Transdanubia, which laid in the borderlands of Hungary with Austria, and ruled Győr, Sopron, Moson, Vas and Zala counties de facto independently of the monarchs by the 1280s. Beside his rebellions in Hungary, he waged wars with the Duchy of Austria too. Because of his plundering and looting raids against the Styrian provinces, he was dubbed as "greedy wolf" by the Austrian chronicles. During the era of feudal anarchy, he usually played a role of "kingmaker". For instance, he invited Andrew the Venetian to the throne against the reigning Ladislaus IV of Hungary three times.
context_section_description: Despite their violent actions against the monarch, the Kőszegis regained their influence and retook the power by the spring of 1275, when Nicholas became Palatine, and Ivan was made Ban of Slavonia, at first jointly with Nicholas Gutkeled, later solely. In this capacity, Kőszegi was responsible for the territory between the river Drava and the Kapela Mountains, while Gutkeled administered the Adriatic Coast (the dignity of Ban of Croatia emerged from that time in the Kingdom of Hungary). Ivan Kőszegi lost his dignity by the autumn of 1275, when the Csáks retook the positions in the royal council. Thereafter the Csák group launched a massive military campaign against the Kőszegi and Gutkeled dominions; while Ugrin Csák attacked Joachim Gutkeled's forces at Föveny, Peter Csák plundered and devastated the territory of the Diocese of Veszprém which headed by Bishop Peter Kőszegi, Ivan's brother. Joachim Gutkeled and the Kőszegis again removed their opponents from power at an assembly of the barons and noblemen at Buda around 21 June 1276. Ivan became Master of the treasury during that time, while Nicholas elevated into the position of Palatine of Hungary for the second time. Beside that Ivan was also ispán of Bánya (Árkibánya) ispánate, which laid in the territory of Nyitra County.
  Joachim Gutkeled died while battling against the Babonići in April 1277. A month later, the general assembly declared Ladislaus IV to be of age, who was also authorized to restore internal peace with all possible means. These events ended the five-year chaotic conditions in the realm. The Kőszegis and the Babonići divided the Gutkeled's province between each other on the border of Transdanubia and Slavonia. Sometimes in the second half of the 1270s, Nicholas and Ivan handed over the family's landholdings in Varaždin County to their much younger brother Henry. In the course of the division of lands between the two elder brothers in 1279, Ivan was granted Kőszeg, Borostyánkő and Sárvár, while Szentvid and Léka (present-day Lockenhaus, Austria) went to Nicholas' property. Since then, Ivan Kőszegi began to pursue an independent policy from Nicholas, which contributed to the establishment of an oligarchic province by the end of the 13th century. Simultaneously Ladislaus IV defeated his allies, the Geregyes, Ivan attempted to play off the late Stephen V's first cousin, Andrew the Venetian, against Ladislaus. Upon his invitation, the duke came to Hungary for the first time in 1278. Andrew demanded Slavonia for himself, adopting the title of "Duke of Slavonia, Dalmatia and Croatia" and marched as far as Lake Balaton with Kőszegi's troops. Duke Andrew also made Ivan as treasurer of his ducal court. In addition, Ivan Kőszegi was styled as ispán of Zala County too from 1278 to 1279. Andrew achieved nothing, however, and went back to Venice in autumn, because the Hungarian royal troops played a decisive role in Rudolf's victory over Ottokar II in the Battle on the Marchfeld on 26 August, which strengthened Ladislaus' domestic political positions. Thereafter the Kőszegi brothers pledged allegiance to Ladislaus IV in early 1279, with the mediation of the arriving papal legate, Philip, Bishop of Fermo.
  The Kőszegi brothers stayed away from the conflict between Ladislaus IV and Philip of Fermo, which emerged over the question of treatment of the pagan Cumans in Hungary. Taking advantage of the chaotic situation following the papal legate's arrival, Nicholas, Ivan and Henry plundered the estates of the Diocese of Zagreb at various times in the following months. As a result, Timothy, Bishop of Zagreb excommunicated them in March 1281. According to the bishop's letter to the other prelates in the realm, Ivan Kőszegi held the ispánates of Orbász (Vrbas), Szana,  Garics (Podgaric) and Gecske (Gacka) in Slavonia and Croatia during the excommunication, and also usurped the Gerzence (Garešnica) lordship from the diocese. Following Philip's departure from Hungary in the autumn of 1281, Ivan Kőszegi was made Palatine of Hungary by Ladislaus IV despite his earlier crime; th
caption: The medieval wall of Kőszeg Castle, owned by Ivan and his descendants after 1279
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