page_title: Henry Hawley
section_title: Post-1745 and Legacy
hierarchical_section_title: Henry Hawley / Post-1745 and Legacy
caption_attribution_description: English: St Mary, Hartley Wintney Grade 2* listed building erected in the 13th century. Now redundant and used as a mortuary chapel.
context_page_description: Lieutenant General Henry Hawley was a British army officer who served in the wars of the first half of the 18th century. He fought in a number of significant battles, including Dettingen in 1743 and Fontenoy in 1745.
  During the Jacobite rising of 1745, he was recalled to Britain, appointed military commander in Scotland and in January 1746, defeated at Falkirk Muir. He commanded the government cavalry under Cumberland at Culloden in April, a victory that ended the Rising.
  He returned to Flanders in July and in 1748 was appointed Governor of Inverness; in 1752, he became Governor of Portsmouth, near his home in Hartley Wintney, where he died in March 1759.
  Although Hawley was a courageous and capable commander of cavalry, he was also a strict disciplinarian, referred to by contemporaries as 'Hangman Hawley' or 'Lord Chief Justice.' While this referred to his disciplinary methods, there is evidence he bears some responsibility for the killing of Jacobite wounded after Culloden.
context_section_description: In July 1745, the Earl of Albemarle took over as commander in Scotland and Hawley returned to Flanders with Cumberland, where he remained until the end of the War of the Austrian Succession. He took part in the 1747 Battle of Lauffeld, a decisive French victory where only cavalry charges led by Lord Ligonier saved the Allied infantry from annihilation.
  This ended Hawley's active military career, although he remained colonel of the 4th Dragoons until his death; in 1748, he was appointed Governor of Inverness, a post which required little service. In 1752, he was made Governor of Portsmouth, near his home in West Green End, where he died in March 1759.
  He was buried in St Mary's Church, Hartley Wintney despite his will containing several comments antipathetic to religion, notably 'I hate priests of all professions.' He left £5,000 to his sister Anne and a life interest in his properties to Elizabeth Toovey. On her death, these passed to her second son, Captain William Toovey, who took Hawley's name and whose descendants owned West Green End until 1898.
caption: Hawley was buried here in 1759
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