page_title: Order of the Nine Gems
hierarchical_section_title: Order of the Nine Gems
caption_attribution_description: ไทย: ลวดลายจำหลักไม้นูนสูงปิดทองระบายสี ภาพเครื่องราชอิสริยาภรณ์อันเป็นโบราณมงคลนพรัตนราชวราภรณ์ ณ บานหน้าต่างพระวิหาร วัดราชบพิธสถิตมหาสีมาราม กรุงเทพมหานคร บันทึกภาพเมื่อวันที่ 1 กุมภาพันธ์ พ.ศ. 2563
context_page_description: The Ancient and Auspicious Order of the Nine Gems was established in 1851 by King Mongkut of the Kingdom of Siam. The order is bestowed upon the members of the Thai royal family and distinguished high-ranking officials who have given service to the kingdom and who are active Buddhist laypeople. In practice, it is the highest Thai order granted to Thai citizens, as the two higher orders are reserved for royalty or foreign heads of state. Members of the order are entitled to use the postnominals น.ร.
context_section_description: The Ancient and Auspicious Order of the Nine Gems (Thai: เครื่องราชอิสริยาภรณ์อันเป็นโบราณมงคลนพรัตนราชวราภรณ์; RTGS: Khrueang Ratcha-itsariyaphon An Pen Borannamongkhon Noppharat Ratchawaraphon) was established in 1851 by King Mongkut (Rama IV) of the Kingdom of Siam (now Thailand). The order is bestowed upon the members of the Thai royal family and distinguished high-ranking officials who have given service to the kingdom and who are active Buddhist laypeople. In practice, it is the highest Thai order granted to Thai citizens, as the two higher orders are reserved for royalty or foreign heads of state. Members of the order are entitled to use the postnominals น.ร.
caption: Woodcraving of the Order of the Nine Gems at Wat Ratchabophit, Bangkok.
exif: {"Image Make": "Xiaomi", "Image Model": "Redmi Note 5", "Image Orientation": "Horizontal (normal)", "Image XResolution": "600", "Image YResolution": "600", "Image ResolutionUnit": "Pixels/Centimeter", "Image Software": "Adobe Photoshop CS2 Windows", "Image DateTime": "2020:02:03 01:33:07", "Image YCbCrPositioning": "Centered", "Image ExifOffset": "232", "GPS GPSLatitudeRef": "N", "GPS GPSLatitude": "[13, 44, 139133/2500]", "GPS GPSLongitudeRef": "E", "GPS GPSLongitude": "[100, 29, 503213/10000]", "GPS GPSAltitudeRef": "1", "GPS GPSAltitude": "37313/1000", "GPS GPSTimeStamp": "[11, 20, 22]", "GPS GPSProcessingMethod": "ASCII", "GPS GPSDate": "2020:02:01", "Image GPSInfo": "780", "Thumbnail Compression": "JPEG (old-style)", "Thumbnail XResolution": "72", "Thumbnail YResolution": "72", "Thumbnail ResolutionUnit": "Pixels/Inch", "Thumbnail JPEGInterchangeFormat": "1094", "Thumbnail JPEGInterchangeFormatLength": "9672", "EXIF ExposureTime": "1/20", "EXIF FNumber": "19/10", "EXIF ExposureProgram": "Unidentified", "EXIF ISOSpeedRatings": "1000", "EXIF Tag 0x8889": "HHT", "EXIF ExifVersion": "0220", "EXIF DateTimeOriginal": "2020:02:01 18:20:22", "EXIF DateTimeDigitized": "2020:02:01 18:20:22", "EXIF ComponentsConfiguration": "YCbCr", "EXIF ShutterSpeedValue": "4321/1000", "EXIF ApertureValue": "37/20", "EXIF BrightnessValue": "-217/100", "EXIF MeteringMode": "CenterWeightedAverage", "EXIF Flash": "Flash did not fire, compulsory flash mode", "EXIF FocalLength": "197/50", "EXIF SubSecTime": "729807", "EXIF SubSecTimeOriginal": "729807", "EXIF SubSecTimeDigitized": "729807", "EXIF Tag 0x9999": "{\"sensor_type\":\"rear\",\"mirror\":false}", "EXIF FlashPixVersion": "0100", "EXIF ColorSpace": "sRGB", "EXIF ExifImageWidth": "4800", "EXIF ExifImageLength": "7200", "Interoperability InteroperabilityIndex": "R98", "Interoperability InteroperabilityVersion": "[48, 49, 48, 48]", "EXIF InteroperabilityOffset": "748", "EXIF SensingMethod": "One-chip color area", "EXIF SceneType": "Directly Photographed", "EXIF ExposureMode": "Auto Exposure", "EXIF WhiteBalance": "Auto", "EXIF FocalLengthIn35mmFilm": "24", "EXIF SceneCaptureType": "Standard"}