page_title: Modern furniture
section_title: Materials
hierarchical_section_title: Modern furniture / Materials
caption_attribution_description: English: The Eames Lounge Chair Wood - LWC chair. This one is in the Conchango design studio in Southwark Bridge Road.
context_page_description: Modern furniture refers to furniture produced from the late 19th century through the present that is influenced by modernism. Post-World War II ideals of cutting excess, commodification, and practicality of materials in design heavily influenced the aesthetic of the furniture. It was a tremendous departure from all furniture design that had gone before it. There was an opposition to the decorative arts, which included Art Nouveau, Neoclassical, and Victorian styles. Dark or gilded carved wood and richly patterned fabrics gave way to the glittering simplicity and geometry of polished metal. The forms of furniture evolved from visually heavy to visually light. This shift from decorative to minimalist principles of design can be attributed to the introduction of new technology, changes in philosophy, and the influences of the principles of architecture. As Philip Johnson, the founder of the Department of Architecture and Design at the Museum of Modern Art articulates:
  "Today industrial design is functionally motivated and follows the same principles as modern architecture: machine-like simplicity, smoothness of surface, avoidance of ornament ...
context_section_description: The use of new materials, such as steel in its many forms; glass, used by Walter Gropius; molded plywood, such as that used by Charles and Ray Eames; and of course plastics, were formative in the creation of these new designs. They would have been considered pioneering, even shocking in contrast to what came before. This interest in new and innovative materials and methods - produced a certain blending of the disciplines of technology and art. And this became a working philosophy among the members of the Deutscher Werkbund. The Werkbund was a government-sponsored organization to promote German art and design around the world. Many of those involved with it including Mies van der Rohe, Lilly Reich and others, were later involved in the Bauhaus School, and so it is not surprising perhaps that the Bauhaus School took on the mantle of this philosophy. They evolved a particular interest in using these new materials in such a way that they might be mass-produced and therefore make good design more accessible to the masses.
caption: Eames Lounge Chair Wood (LCW)
exif: {"Image Make": "Vodafone", "Image Model": "v1415", "Image XResolution": "72", "Image YResolution": "72", "Image ResolutionUnit": "Pixels/Inch", "Image DateTime": "2007:09:05 12:47:22", "Image ExifOffset": "149", "EXIF DateTimeOriginal": "2007:09:05 12:47:22", "EXIF ExifVersion": "0210", "EXIF Flash": "Flash did not fire", "EXIF ExifImageWidth": "240", "EXIF ExifImageLength": "320", "EXIF ColorSpace": "Uncalibrated", "EXIF DateTimeDigitized": "2007:09:05 12:47:22"}