page_title: Enclave and exclave
section_title: True exclaves
hierarchical_section_title: Enclave and exclave / True exclaves
caption_attribution_description: Nakhichevan (Nakhchivan) Autonomous Republic map.
context_page_description: An enclave is a territory that is entirely surrounded by the territory of one other state. Enclaves may also exist within territorial waters. Enclave is sometimes used improperly to denote a territory that is only partly surrounded by another state. The Vatican City State and San Marino, enclaved by Italy, and Lesotho, enclaved by South Africa, are completely enclaved sovereign states.
  An exclave is a portion of a state or territory geographically separated from the main part by surrounding alien territory. Many exclaves are also enclaves. Unlike an enclave, an exclave can be surrounded by several states. The Azerbaijani exclave of Nakhchivan is an example of an exclave.
  Semi-enclaves and semi-exclaves are areas that, except for possessing an unsurrounded sea border, would otherwise be enclaves or exclaves. Enclaves and semi-enclaves can exist as independent states, while exclaves and semi-exclaves always constitute just a part of a sovereign state.
  A pene-exclave is a part of the territory of one country that can be conveniently approached—in particular, by wheeled traffic—only through the territory of another country.
context_section_description: True exclave is an extension of the concept of true enclave. In order to access a true exclave from the mainland, a traveller must go through the territory of at least one other state. Examples include:
  Nakhchivan, which borders Turkey, Armenia and Iran, is an exclave of Azerbaijan.
  Baarle-Hertog is a collection of Belgian exclaves in The Netherlands.
  In the United Arab Emirates, four emirates have five true exclaves: Dubai (Hatta), Ajmān (Masfout and Manama), Ras al-Khaimah (the southerly of the emirate's two non-contiguous sections), and Sharjah (Nahwa, also both a true national-level enclave and a counter-enclave).
  Llívia is an enclave and exclave of Spain surrounded by France.
  Campione d'Italia is an enclave and exclave of Italy surrounded by Switzerland.
  Büsingen am Hochrhein is an enclave and exclave of Germany surrounded by Switzerland. The shortest distance from Büsingen's borders to the main portion of German territory is only about 700 metres (about 2,300 ft).
  Likoma and Chizumulu Islands in Lake Malawi are lacustrine enclaves and exclaves of Malawi, surrounded by Mozambique territorial waters.
caption: Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic
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