page_title: Religion in Karnataka
section_title: Islam
hierarchical_section_title: Religion in Karnataka / Islam and Christianity / Islam
caption_attribution_description: English: This is also known as the Ibrahim Rauza which is the tomb complex where Ibrahim Adil Shah II is buried along with his wife queen Taj Sultana. It is one among the supreme achievements of the Adil Shahi’s which is remarkably considered and finely decorated. It was completed in the year 1627 by Ibrahim Adilshah –II, it is a square structure with twin buildings and delicate carvings. The building was designed by the Persian architect Malik Sandal with the sentence of Quraan are beautifully covered on the walls. Ibrahim Roza is the tomb of Ibrahim Adil Shah II with his two sons and his mother on the left and on the right side with a mosque set in a walled garden facing over an attractive pond. The tomb is in a chamber of 13 meters and has the ceiling divided into nine squares with curved sides. It is one of the splendid mosque and tomb of Bijapur, it is known for its graceful arches, halls, intricate designs with a large crowning onion dome. The dome is rising from a lotus petal base, it is said to be a creativeness of the Taj Mahal at Agra with 24 meters. The big fountain and reservoir divide the mosque from the tomb, it is counted one among the beautiful instances of Islamic architecture. This consists of the interconnected buildings, with the faultless domes topped with the crescent moons and surrounded on the four corners with the symmetrical minarets that manages the structural simplicity with intricate stonework with point arches that leads to cool high ceiling chambers and walls richly decorated with sculptures and hangings. The construction was between the 15th to 17th century of the Ibrahim Roza and the mosque built in the walled garden facing the ornamental pond. This was located at about 2 km from Bijapur on the western outskirts of the city. It has significant sculptural decorative work with intricate design works.
context_page_description: Religion in Karnataka has played a very important role in shaping modern Indian religions and philosophy.
context_section_description: Islam arrived in Karnataka and Kerala in the 7th century with Arab merchants trading in spices. Muslims introduced coffee, and the paper industry to the local economy. Following the 12th century, various invading Islamic armies established sultanates in this area such as the Bahamani sultanate of Bidar (1347–1510) and the Adilshahi dynasty of the Bijapur Sultanate (1490–1686). This land came under Mughal rule in the 17th century under Aurangzeb's rule. With the disintegration of Mughal rule, Hyder Ali and his son Tippu Sultan established their rule over the Mysore area. They violently resisted British rule in the area, but without adequate cooperation from other kingdoms, were defeated. Though killed by the British in 1799, Tippu Sultan was one of the only Indian leaders to defeat the British in battle, which made him as an iconic leader among the people in the modern era. In addition, the Nizams of Hyderabad ruled over large parts of Northeastern Karnataka. This land only became part of Karnataka after the passing of the 1956 States Reorganisation Act.
  Muslims form approximately 12.91% of the population of Karnataka. While Muslims can be found in all districts of Karanataka, Muslims have a stronger presence in: 
  
  1. Northern Karnataka (especially in the area formerly ruled by the Princely State of Hyderabad) such as Gulbarga, Bidar, Bijapur, Raichur and Dharwad.
  
  2. The districts bordering Kerala.
  3. The cities of Bangalore, Mysore and Mangalore.
  On the other hand, the proportion of Muslims is lower in central Karnataka. The main spoken language of Muslims in Karnataka is a dialect called dakhini which consists of Urdu and few others. Most Muslims in Karnataka also speak Kannada, Telugu and Sindhi. There are a large number of Muslim run educational institutions in Karnataka. Muslims also have modestly higher levels of progress in terms of education and wealth in Karnataka (as in the rest of South India) than in states of North India, as they are comparatively given more opportunities than their North Indian counterparts.
caption: Ibrahim Roza monuments, 17th century.
exif: {"Image Make": "Apple", "Image Model": "iPhone 5s", "Image XResolution": "72", "Image YResolution": "72", "Image ResolutionUnit": "Pixels/Inch", "Image Software": "11.3.1", "Image DateTime": "2018:09:04 17:30:14", "Image ExifOffset": "182", "GPS GPSLatitudeRef": "N", "GPS GPSLatitude": "[16, 49, 4341/100]", "GPS GPSLongitudeRef": "E", "GPS GPSLongitude": "[75, 42, 881/100]", "GPS GPSAltitudeRef": "0", "GPS GPSAltitude": "93175/149", "GPS GPSTimeStamp": "[12, 0, 14]", "GPS GPSSpeedRef": "K", "GPS GPSSpeed": "0", "GPS GPSImgDirectionRef": "T", "GPS GPSImgDirection": "34198/197", "GPS GPSDestBearingRef": "T", "GPS GPSDestBearing": "34198/197", "GPS GPSDate": "2018:09:04", "GPS Tag 0x001F": "5", "Image GPSInfo": "1612", "EXIF ExposureTime": "1/410", "EXIF FNumber": "11/5", "EXIF ExposureProgram": "Program Normal", "EXIF ISOSpeedRatings": "32", "EXIF ExifVersion": "0221", "EXIF DateTimeOriginal": "2018:09:04 17:30:14", "EXIF DateTimeDigitized": "2018:09:04 17:30:14", "EXIF ComponentsConfiguration": "YCbCr", "EXIF ShutterSpeedValue": "7977/919", "EXIF ApertureValue": "7892/3469", "EXIF BrightnessValue": "6998/849", "EXIF ExposureBiasValue": "0", "EXIF MeteringMode": "Spot", "EXIF Flash": "Flash did not fire, auto mode", "EXIF FocalLength": "83/20", "EXIF SubjectArea": "[2237, 1348, 610, 612]", "EXIF SubSecTimeOriginal": "703", "EXIF SubSecTimeDigitized": "703", "EXIF FlashPixVersion": "0100", "EXIF ColorSpace": "sRGB", "EXIF ExifImageWidth": "3190", "EXIF ExifImageLength": "2176", "EXIF SensingMethod": "One-chip color area", "EXIF SceneType": "Directly Photographed", "EXIF ExposureMode": "Auto Exposure", "EXIF WhiteBalance": "Auto", "EXIF FocalLengthIn35mmFilm": "29", "EXIF SceneCaptureType": "Standard", "EXIF LensSpecification": "[83/20, 83/20, 11/5, 11/5]", "EXIF LensMake": "Apple", "EXIF LensModel": "iPhone 5s back camera 4.15mm f/2.2"}