page_title: Udayagiri and Khandagiri Caves
section_title: Caves at Khandagiri
hierarchical_section_title: Udayagiri and Khandagiri Caves / Caves at Khandagiri
caption_attribution_description: English: Tirthankaras of Jainism.
context_page_description: Udayagiri and Khandagiri Caves, formerly called Kattaka Caves or Cuttack caves, are partly natural and partly artificial caves of archaeological, historical and religious importance near the city of Bhubaneswar in Odisha, India. The caves are situated on two adjacent hills, Udayagiri and Khandagiri, mentioned as Kumari Parvata in the Hathigumpha inscription. They have a number of finely and ornately carved caves built during the 1st century BCE. It is believed that most of these caves were carved out as residential blocks for Jaina monks during the reign of King Kharavela. Udayagiri means "Sunrise Hill" and has 18 caves while Khandagiri has 15 caves.
  The caves of Udayagiri and Khandagiri, called lena or leṇa in the inscriptions, were dug out mostly during the reign of Kharavela for the abode of Jaina ascetics. The most important of this group is Ranigumpha in Udayagiri which is a double storeyed monastery. Other important caves include Hathi gumpha, Ananta gumpha, Ganesha gumpha, Jaya Vijaya gumpha, Mancapuri gumpha, Bagha/Byaghra/Vyaghra gumpha and Sarpa gumpha.
  Archaeological Survey of India has listed Udayagiri and Khandagiri Caves in the list of "Must See" Indian Heritage.
context_section_description: The Khandagiri hills fall on your left side when you enter into this area from Bhubaneswar. There are 15 caves in Khandagiri. These caves were renovated during the reign of Uddyotakeshari of Somavamshi dynasty.
  1. Tatowa Gumpha
  The parrots are carved above the entrance arch and hence it is called as Tatowa Gumpha. It has two dwarapala figures too. There are sculptures of
  friezes, railing, arch, with kalasa inside the cave.
  2. Tatowa Gumpha
  The cave is decorated with sculptural friezes like nayikas, gandhrvas, different animals and birds, chaitya arch, pilaster design, rafters and voulted roof.
  3. Ananta Gumpha
  The cave has sculptures of women, elephants, geese, etc. 
  4. Tentuli Gumpha
  It is a small rock-cut chamber with just one column.
  5. Khandagiri Gumpha
  It is a roughly cut cell and has double storeys.
  6. Dhyana Gumpha
  It is a roughly cut cell.
  7. Navamuni Gumpha
  Navamuni Gumpha is a roughly cut cell with the sculptures of nine Jain Tirthankaras and Sasana Devis. These sculpture were added to the caves in 11th century by Somavamshi dynasty.
  8. Barabhuji Gumpha
  There are altogether twenty five figures of Tirthankaras on the walls of the cell on three sides,  Parsvanatha being repeated twice. Beneath the Tirthankara, their respective Sasanadevis are found. Chakareswari is depicted with 12 arms giving the cave name Barabhuji. The image are now  now worshipped as Brahminical deity.  These sculpture were added to the caves in 11th century by Somavamshi dynasty. 
  9. Trusula Gumpha
  There are three sculptures of Rishabha Deva who is found in the Kayotsarga posture. Apart from these sculptures, there are sculptures of 24 Jain Tirthankaras which look rough.
  10. Ambika Gumpha
  There are three relief sculptures, two of Rishabhanatha and one Amra the sasana-devi of Neminatha.
  11. Lalatendu Keshari Gumpha
  In cell 1, There are 2 image of Rishabhantha and 3 of Parshvanatha and in cell 2, 2 image of Parshvanatha and 1 of Rishabhantha. These sculpture were added to the caves in 11th century by Somavamshi dynasty.
  Caves 12, 13 and 15 are unnamed. Cave 14 is very simple and called as Ekadasi Gumpha.
caption: Carving of Tirthankaras & their respective Yakshini (attendant deities) inside Navamuni Gumpha
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