page_title: Refugee crisis
section_title: Jewish refugees
hierarchical_section_title: Refugee crisis / Modern and contemporary refugee crises / Europe / Jewish refugees
caption_attribution_description: English: The Palmach, Immigration to Israel עברית: האוניה נקשרה לרציף והצטרפה ל&quot;צי הצללים&quot;, Original Image Name:האנייה אקסודוס קשורה לרציף, Notes:נתקבל מ: א. הציוני, נוסח הקרדיט:אוצר תמונות הפלמ&quot;ח The Palmach Photo Gallery
context_page_description: Refugee crisis can refer to difficulties and dangerous situations in the reception of large groups of forcibly displaced persons. These could be either internally displaced, refugees, asylum seekers or any other huge groups of migrants.
  A crisis could occur within the country, while attempting to leave, or while on the move to a safe country, or even after arrival in a country of asylum. A situation can be called a crisis, either from the perspective of the forcibly displaced persons, or from the perspective of the receiving state, or both.
  According to the UN High Commissioner for Refugees, as of January 2019, 70.8 million had been displaced worldwide.
  In 2016, an estimated 362,000 refugees crossed the Mediterranean Sea in attempts to reach Europe due to dangers in their home countries. In the first half of 2017, over 105,000 refugees and migrants entered Europe through the Mediterranean. On 27, September, 2019 a boat carrying at least 19 people destined for Chios Island capsized and seven people were killed, including five children and two women. As of 2019, 63,311 people had crossed the Mediterranean towards Europe and at least 1,028 people had died as a result of drowning.
context_section_description: Between the first and second world wars, hundreds of thousands of European Jews, mainly from Germany and Austria attempted to flee
  the German government's anti-semitic policies which culminated in the Holocaust and the mass murder of millions of European Jews. These Jews were often found it difficult or impossible to immigrate to other European countries. The 1938 Evian Conference, the 1943 Bermuda Conference and other attempts failed to resolve the problem of Jewish refugees, a fact widely used in Nazi propaganda (see also MS St. Louis).
  Since its founding at the beginning of the 1900s Jewish immigration to the British Mandate for Palestine was encouraged by the nascent Zionist movement, but immigration was restricted by the British government, under the pressure from Palestinian Arabs. Following its formation in 1948, according to 1947 UN Partition Plan, Israel adopted the Law of Return, granting Israeli citizenship to any Jewish immigrant. Mass rioting and attacks on Jews throughout the Muslim World following the creation of the state of Israel led to the Jewish exodus from Arab and Muslim countries, in which 850,000 Jews fled to Israel between 1948 and the early 1970s.
caption: Jewish refugees, mainly Holocaust survivors arriving in Palestine, 1947
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