page_title: 11th century
section_title: Inventions, discoveries, introductions
hierarchical_section_title: 11th century / Inventions, discoveries, introductions
caption_attribution_description: English: File:Clock_Tower_from_Su_Song's_Book.JPG with smear removed by mixing channels: Red: 0.2 green + blue Green: 0.4 green + 0.65 blue Blue: blue as red is badly smeared, green is slightly smeared but has least noise, and blue is not smeared but has most noise.
context_page_description: The 11th century is the period from 1001 to 1100 in accordance with the Julian calendar, and the 1st century of the 2nd millennium.
  In the history of Europe, this period is considered the early part of the High Middle Ages.
  There was, after a brief ascendancy, a sudden decline of Byzantine power and rise of Norman domination over much of Europe, along with the prominent role in Europe of notably influential popes. Christendom experienced a formal schism in this century which had been developing over previous centuries between the Roman West and Byzantine East, causing a split in its two largest denominations to this day: Roman Catholicism and Eastern Orthodoxy.
  In Northern Italy, a growth of population in urban centers gave rise to early organized capitalism and more sophisticated, commercialized culture by the late 11th century. In East Europe, there was the golden age for the principality of Kievan Rus.
  In Song dynasty China and the classical Islamic world, this century marked the high point for both classical Chinese civilization, science and technology, and classical Islamic science, philosophy, technology and literature.
caption: The original diagram of Su Song's book Xin Yi Xiang Fa Yao (published 1092) showing the clepsydra tank, waterwheel, escapement mechanism, chain drive, striking clock jacks, and armillary sphere of his clock tower.
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