page_title: Spoke–hub distribution paradigm
hierarchical_section_title: Spoke–hub distribution paradigm
context_page_description: The spoke-hub distribution paradigm is a form of transport topology optimization in which traffic planners organize routes as a series of "spokes" that connect outlying points to a central "hub". Simple forms of this distribution/connection model compare with point-to-point transit systems, in which each point has a direct route to every other point, and which modeled the principal method of transporting passengers and freight until the 1970s. Delta Air Lines pioneered the spoke-hub distribution model in 1955, and the concept revolutionized the transportation logistics industry after Federal Express demonstrated its value in the early 1970s. In the late 1970s the telecommunications and information-technology sector subsequently adopted this distribution topology, dubbing it the star network network topology.
  "Hubbing" involves "the arrangement of a transportation network as a hub-and-spoke model".
context_section_description: The spoke-hub distribution paradigm is a form of  transport topology optimization in which  traffic planners organize routes as a series of "spokes" that connect outlying points to a central "hub". Simple forms of this distribution/connection model compare with point-to-point transit systems, in which each point has a direct route to every other point, and which modeled the principal method of transporting passengers and freight until the 1970s. Delta Air Lines pioneered the spoke-hub distribution model in 1955, and the concept revolutionized the  transportation logistics industry after Federal Express demonstrated its value in the early 1970s. In the late 1970s the telecommunications and information-technology sector subsequently adopted this distribution topology, dubbing it the star network network topology.
  "Hubbing" involves "the arrangement of a transportation network as a hub-and-spoke model".
caption: Hub-and-spoke airline route-structures: Los Angeles and Denver serve as hubs.