page_title: Cannulated cow
section_title: Surgical implantation
hierarchical_section_title: Cannulated cow / Surgical implantation
caption_attribution_description: English: A cow at Arkansas State University with a cannula in its side
context_page_description: A cannulated cow or "fistulated cow" refers to a cow that has been surgically fitted with a cannula. A cannula acts as a porthole-like device that allows access to the rumen of a cow, to perform research and analysis of the digestive system and to allow veterinarians to transplant rumen contents from one cow to another.
  The practice of rumen cannulation was first documented in 1928 by Arthur Frederick Schalk and R.S. Amadon of North Dakota Agricultural College.
context_section_description: Cannulation requires installing a flanged rubber cylinder in the side of a cow, behind its 13th rib. The cylinder typically is fitted with a plastic, rubber, or metal cap to keep the rumen anaerobic.
  The rubber cannula is surgically implanted while the cow is standing and awake, with local anesthetic. The cow is made to fast and refrain from drinking water for 24 hours in advance of the surgery. Then the veterinarian excises a small piece of the cow's skin, makes an incision through the rumen, and stitches the open sides of the rumen to the edges of skin, to prevent the contents of the rumen from leaking into the rest of the abdominal cavity. Finally, the inner flange of the cannula is pushed inside the rumen and capped.
caption: A cannulated cow in the Agricultural Research and Teaching Center at Arkansas State University
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