page_title: Sebald Beham
section_title: Life
hierarchical_section_title: Sebald Beham / Life
caption_attribution_description: Beham, (Hans) Sebald (1500-1550): Charity (Pauli 139, B. 137). Engraving (with the artist’s monogram). A fine, very strong impression of the only state, trimmed along the platemark, in very good condition apart from a tiny repair along the white border at the bottom (less than 0.5 mm.). Note the artist's monogram HSP, later changed to HSB.
context_page_description: Sebald Beham was a German painter and printmaker, mainly known for his very small engravings. Born in Nuremberg, he spent the later part of his career in Frankfurt. He was one of the most important of the "Little Masters", the group of German artists making prints in the generation after Dürer.
  His name is often given as Hans Sebald Beham, although there is no documentary evidence that he ever used this additional forename.
  He produced approximately 252 engravings, 18 etchings and 1500 woodcuts, including woodcut book illustrations. He worked extensively on tiny, highly detailed, engravings, many as small as postage stamps, placing him in the German printmaking school known as the "Little Masters" from the size of their prints. These works he printed and published himself, while his much larger woodcuts were mostly commissioned work. The engravings found a ready market among German bourgeois collectors. He also made prints for use as playing cards and wallpaper.
  His engravings cover a range of subjects, but he is especially known for scenes of peasant life, and scenes from classical myth or history, both often with an erotic element.
context_section_description: Beham was born in Nuremberg. Nothing is known of his parents. His brother Bartel Beham, two years his junior, was also an artist. His training is undocumented. In 1521 he is recorded as  a Malergeselle ("journeyman painter"), and by 1525 he was master of his own workshop in Nuremberg.
  In January 1525, along with his brother and Georg Pencz, he was banished from Nuremberg, accused of heresy, blasphemy and not recognising the authority of the City council. The three thus became known as "godless painters". The accusations against Beham were connected with his Lutheran beliefs, the city authorities then being Catholic, although they adopted Lutheranism as the city's official religion only two months later. The three artists were soon allowed to return to Nuremberg, but in 1528 Beham hurriedly left the city once more, following the threat of legal action over his treatise on the proportions of the horse which was  regarded as having been plagiarised from an unpublished manuscript by Albrecht Dürer, who had recently died. He then spent time working in various German cities; his woodcuts were published at Ingolstadt between 1527 and 1530, and in the latter year he was in Munich, where he recorded the triumphal entry of Emperor Charles V in a woodcut entitled The Military Display, 10 June 1530. He lived mostly in Frankfurt from 1532, becoming a citizen there in 1540, and remaining until his death ten years later.
  Until about 1532 his prints were monogrammed 'HSP', reflecting the Nuremberg pronunciation of his surname: Peham. After this date, by which time he had established himself in Frankfurt, his monogram became "HSB". This monogram has often led to his name being given as "Hans Sebald Beham", but there is no documentary evidence for this additional forename, the "H"  in the monogram probably representing the second syllable of his surname.
  He is known to have married twice. A pair of models for medals, designed by Matthes Gebel and dating from 1540, shows Beham and his wife Anna. In 1549, by then a widower, Beham married Elizabeth Wolf, the daughter of a shoemaker from Büdingen.
  He is not to be confused with his contemporary Hans Beham (or Behem or Böhm), also of Nuremberg, who cast the "Sigismund" bell (Zygmunt) at the Wawel castle in Poland for the Sigismund I the Old.
caption: Charitatis, undated but with the early monogram 'HSP'
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