page_title: Bifurcated needle
hierarchical_section_title: Bifurcated needle
caption_attribution_description: English: CDC Clinician demonstrates the use of a bifurcated needle during the 2002 Smallpox Vaccinator Workshop. In December 2002, CDC Clinicians trained state licensed vaccine administers how to deliver smallpox vaccine safely and efficiently. Once training was completed, they provided additional smallpox vaccine administration training in their home states. 日本語: 二又針を使った種痘の接種 もはや天然痘ウイルス自体は含まれていない Suomi: Isorokkorokotus
context_page_description: The bifurcated needle is a narrow steel rod, approximately 2.5 inches long with two prongs at one end. It was designed to hold one dose of reconstituted freeze-dried smallpox vaccine between its prongs. Up to one hundred vaccinations can be given from one vial of the reconstituted vaccine. The established technique is to dip the needle in the vaccine, and then puncture a person's upper arm fifteen times in a small circular area. When done correctly a trace of blood appears at the vaccination site.
  The bifurcated needle was created as a more efficient and cost effective alternative to the jet injector previously in use. It was invented in 1965 by Dr. Benjamin Rubin, working at Wyeth Laboratories, and was the primary instrument used during the World Health Organization's 1966–1977 campaign to eradicate smallpox. Rubin estimated that it was used to administer 200 million vaccinations per year during the final years of the campaign.
  After the September 11, 2001 attacks and subsequent anthrax scares, the US government ordered the smallpox vaccine be available for every person in the country.
context_section_description: The bifurcated needle is a narrow steel rod, approximately 2.5 inches (6 cm) long with two prongs at one end. It was designed to hold one dose of reconstituted freeze-dried smallpox vaccine between its prongs.  Up to one hundred vaccinations can be given from one vial of the reconstituted vaccine. The established technique is to dip the needle  in the vaccine, and then puncture a person's upper arm fifteen times in a small circular area. When done correctly a trace of blood appears at the vaccination site.
  The bifurcated needle was created as a more efficient and cost effective alternative to the jet injector previously in use. It was invented in 1965 by Dr. Benjamin Rubin, working at Wyeth Laboratories, and was the primary instrument used during the World Health Organization's 1966–1977 campaign to eradicate smallpox. Rubin estimated that it was used to administer 200 million vaccinations per year during the final years of the campaign.
  After the September 11, 2001 attacks and subsequent anthrax scares, the US government ordered the smallpox vaccine be available for every person in the country. Precision Medical Products, Inc. was awarded the contract to make the bifurcated needles to go along with the vaccine and made over 400,000,000 of these needles in a two year span. Roechling Medical Lancaster, LLC, who purchased Precision Medical Products in 2018, remains the world's primary supplier of bifurcated needles.
caption: Smallpox vaccine being administered by the bifurcated needle.
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