page_title: Mountjoy Prison
section_title: History
hierarchical_section_title: Mountjoy Prison / History
caption_attribution_description: Gaeilge: An priosún Mountjoy, Baile Phib, i mBaile Átha Cliaith in Éirinn."English: Mountjoy Prison, Phibsboro, Dublin, Ireland
context_page_description: Mountjoy Prison, founded as Mountjoy Gaol and nicknamed The Joy, is a medium security prison located in Phibsborough in the centre of Dublin, Ireland. It has the largest prison population in Ireland.
  The current prison warden is Brian Murphy.
context_section_description: Mountjoy was designed by the British military engineering officer, Captain Joshua Jebb, Royal Engineers and opened in 1853, based on the design of London's Pentonville Prison also designed by Jebb. Originally intended as the first stop for men sentenced to transportation, they would spend a period in separate confinement before being transferred to Spike Island and transported from there to Van Diemen's Land.
  A total of 46 prisoners (including one woman, Annie Walsh) were executed within the walls of the prison, prior to the abolition of capital punishment. Executions were done by hanging, after which the bodies of the dead were taken down from the gallows and buried within the prison grounds in unmarked graves. The list of prisoners executed at Mountjoy Prison includes:
  Kevin Barry
  Patrick Moran
  Frank Flood
  Thomas Whelan
  Thomas Traynor
  Patrick Doyle
  Thomas Bryan
  Bernard Ryan
  Edmond Foley
  Patrick Maher.
  Rory O'Connor
  Joe McKelvey
  Liam Mellows
  Richard Barrett
  Thomas Harte
  Patrick McGrath
  
  Annie Walsh from Limerick, who was found guilty of murdering her husband, was executed in Mountjoy prison on 5 August 1925. She remains the only woman ever executed by the Irish State which was founded in 1922.
  After being convicted of murdering a Garda officer, Charlie Kerins, former Chief of Staff to the Anti-Treaty IRA, was hanged at Mountjoy Prison on 1 December 1944.
  The last execution carried out in the Republic of Ireland, that of Michael Manning, took place in Mountjoy Prison on 20 April 1954.
  Some Irish leaders involved with the Irish War of Independence and Irish Civil War were held there. On 14 May 1921, an IRA team led by Paddy Daly and Emmet Dalton mounted an attempt to rescue Sean McEoin from the prison. They used a captured armoured car to gain access to Mountjoy, but were discovered and had to shoot their way out.
  The Fenian poet, author of the popular song "Rising of the Moon", John Keegan 'Leo' Casey was imprisoned here during the 1860s; subsequently in the 20th century playwright and IRA activist Brendan Behan was also gaoled within.
  On 31 October 1973, it was the scene of a spectacular escape by a hijacked helicopter by three Provisional Irish Republican Army prisoners, including Seamus Twomey and J.B O'Hagan.
  By 2006, a 60-hectare site had been acquired for €30 million at Thornton Hall, Fingal, where a replacement for Mountjoy was to be constructed. The new facility was intended to accommodate 1,400 prisoners. The site was planned to include court facilities, video-conference links, medical and therapeutic facilities, but due to government cutbacks these plans have now been sidelined.
caption: Mountjoy Prison, seen from Devery's Lane.
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