page_title: Cisuralian
section_title: Biodiversity
hierarchical_section_title: Cisuralian / Biodiversity
caption_attribution_description: Dimetrodon_grandis- reconstruction autor - Bogdanov dmitrchel@mail.ru
context_page_description: The Cisuralian is the first series/epoch of the Permian. The Cisuralian was preceded by the Pennsylvanian and followed by the Guadalupian. The Cisuralian Epoch is named after the western slopes of the Ural Mountains in Russia and Kazakhstan and dates between 298.9 ± 0.15 – 272.3 ± 0.5 Mya.
  The Cisuralian is often synonymous with the informal terms early Permian or lower Permian.
  The series saw the appearance of beetles and flies and was a relatively stable warming period of about 21 million years.
context_section_description: The swampy fringes were mostly ferns, seed ferns, and lycophytes.  The series saw the appearance of beetles and flies.
  The coal swamps from the Carboniferous continued and the herbivores, Diadectes and Edaphosaurus.  The dry interior with small insectivores. Caseids and proto-therapsid Tetraceratops made their appearance.  The marine life was probable more diverse than modern times as the climate warmed. Unusual sharks such as Helicoprion continued in this series.
  Early Permian terrestrial faunas were dominated by pelycosaurs, diadectids and amphibians,  The pelycosaurs appeared during the Late Carboniferous and reached their apex in the Cisuralian remaining the dominant land animals for some 40 million years. A few continued into the Capitanian. They were succeeded by the therapsids.
caption: Dimetrodon, a Pelycosaur, was top of the food chain in the Cisuralian
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