page_title: Nanobatteries
section_title: Stretchable electronics
hierarchical_section_title: Nanobatteries / Active and past research / Stretchable electronics
caption_attribution_description: English: Spring (Device) that is extended and not extended
context_page_description: Nanobatteries are fabricated batteries employing technology at the nanoscale, particles that measure less than 100 nanometers or 10⁻⁷ meters. These batteries may be nano in size or may use nanotechnology in a macro scale battery. Nanoscale batteries can be combined together to function as a macrobattery such as within a nanopore battery.
  Traditional lithium-ion battery technology uses active materials, such as cobalt-oxide or manganese oxide, with particles that range in size between 5 and 20 micrometers. It is hoped that nano-engineering will improve many of the shortcomings of present battery technology, such as volume expansion and power density.
context_section_description: Research has also been done to use carbon nanotube fiber springs as electrodes. LiMn₂O₄ and Li₄Ti₅O₁₂ are the nanoparticles that have been used as the cathode and anode respectively, and have demonstrated the ability to stretch 300% of their original length. Applications for stretchable electronics include energy storage devices and solar cells.
caption: These fiber-like electrodes are wound like springs to get their flexibility. a) is an unstretched spring and b) is a partially stretched spring, showing how pliant these fibers are.[28]
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