page_title: Francis P. Duffy
section_title: Holy Cross Church
hierarchical_section_title: Francis P. Duffy / Biography / Holy Cross Church
caption_attribution_description: The Roman Catholic Church of the Holy Cross on 42nd Street between 8th and 9th Avenues in the Theatre District of Midtown Manhattan, New York City. Built in 1870, designed by Henry Engelbert. The rectory is on the right. This was the parish church of Father Patrick Duffy, for whom Dauffy Square (the northern part of the Times Square intersection) is named.
context_page_description: Francis Patrick Duffy was a Canadian American soldier, Roman Catholic priest and military chaplain.
  Duffy served as chaplain for the 69th Infantry Regiment, a unit of the New York Army National Guard largely drawn from the city's Irish-American and immigrant population. He served in the Spanish–American War, but it is his service on the Western Front in France during World War I for which he is best known. Duffy, who typically was involved in combat and accompanied litter bearers into the thick of battle to recover wounded soldiers, became the most highly decorated cleric in the history of the United States Army.
  Duffy Square – the northern half of New York City's Times Square between 45th and 47th Streets – is named in his honour.
context_section_description: Duffy then served as a pastor of Holy Cross Church in Hell's Kitchen, a block from Times Square, until his death. While there, he had one last opportunity to make a contribution to Catholic thought: in 1927, during Al Smith's campaign for president, the Atlantic Monthly published a letter by Charles C. Marshall, a Protestant lawyer, which questioned whether a Catholic could serve as a loyal president who would put the nation and the Constitution before his allegiance to the Pope, a common thread in American anti-Catholicism. Smith was given a chance to reply: his article, which was ghost-written by Duffy, was a classic statement of the intellectual ideas behind American Catholic patriotism. It hinted at notions of religious freedom and freedom of conscience which would not be spelled out by the Church itself until the Second Vatican Council's Declaration on Religious Freedom in the 1960s.
caption: Holy Cross Church on 42nd Street in Manhattan, New York City
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