page_title: Ramat Rachel
section_title: Archaeological findings
hierarchical_section_title: Ramat Rachel / Archaeological findings
caption_attribution_description: English: archeological garden in kibbutz ramat rachel עברית: הגן הארכיאולוגי בקיבוץ רמת רחל, Original Image Name:הגן הארכיאולוגי ברמת רחל, Location:קיבוץ רמת רחל
context_page_description: Ramat Rachel is a kibbutz located in east Israel. An enclave within Jerusalem's municipal boundaries and overlooking Bethlehem and Rachel's Tomb, it falls under the jurisdiction of Mateh Yehuda Regional Council. In 2018, it had a population of 545.
  According to archaeologists, Ramat Rachel "replaced Jerusalem as the economic and political hub of the southern highlands" in ancient times.
context_section_description: The first scientific exploration of the site, known in Arabic as Khirbet es-Sallah,  was conducted by Benjamin Mazar and Moshe Stekelis in 1930–1931.  In a series of digs in 1959–1962, Yohanan Aharoni tentatively identified it as the biblical Beit Hakerem (Jeremiah 6:1), one of the places from which flaming warning signals were sent to Jerusalem at the end of the First Temple period. Yigael Yadin  dated the palace excavated by Aharoni to the reign of Athaliah and identified it as the "House of Baal" recorded in 2 Kings 11:18.
  One of many important artifacts discovered at Ramat Rachel are numerous stamp impressions. Among these are LMLK seal impressions. Archaeologist Gabriel Barkay, who excavated the site in 1984, says the ancient name of the site may have been MMST, one of four enigmatic words that appear on the handles.
  Excavations resumed in 2004 under the direction of Tel Aviv University archeologists Oded Lipschits and Manfred Oeming. According to Lipschits, the site was a palace or administrative center with a water works system "unparalleled in Eretz Israel." Lipschits says agricultural produce was collected there as a source of government tax revenue.
  In July 2008, archeologists discovered a cooking pot from the 1st century CE containing 15 large gold coins. The pot was found under the floor of a columbarium.
caption: Archaeological garden showing Israelite column capitals.
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