page_title: Native American recognition in the United States
hierarchical_section_title: Native American recognition in the United States
caption_attribution_description: English: TITLE: Osage Indians CALL NUMBER: LOT 12283, v. 2 &lt;item&gt; [P&amp;P] Check for an online group record (may link to related items) REPRODUCTION NUMBER: LC-USZ62-111409 (b&amp;w film copy neg.) No known restrictions on publication. SUMMARY: President Calvin Coolidge posed, full-length portrait, standing, facing front, with four Osage Indians; White House in the background. MEDIUM: 1 photographic print. CREATED/PUBLISHED: [1925] NOTES: National Photo Company Collection. Item in album: v. 2, p. 41, no. 34318. SUBJECTS: Coolidge, Calvin, 1872-1933. Indians of North America--Clothing &amp; dress--Washington (D.C.)--1920-1930. Osage Indians--Clothing &amp; dress--1920-1930. FORMAT: Portrait photographs 1920-1930. Group portraits 1920-1930. Photographic prints 1920-1930. DIGITAL ID: (b&amp;w film copy neg.) cph 3c11409 http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/cph.3c11409 CARD #: 94508991
context_page_description: American Indian tribal recognition in the United States most often refers to the process of a tribe being recognized by the United States federal government, or to a person being granted membership to a federally recognized tribe. There are 573 federally recognized tribal governments in the United States. Non-Acknowledged Tribes are tribes which have no federal designation as sovereign entities. This is not to be confused with recognition of Native Americans in the US which are defined by the BIA as any descendant of the Indigenous peoples of the Americas which is a US citizen. Federally Non-Recognized tribes refers to a subgroup of non-acknowledged tribes which had some sort of recognition by the British prior to the formation of the United States or by the United States but which were determined by the government to no longer exist as an Indian tribe or no longer meet the criteria for a nation to nation status.
  The United States recognizes the right of these tribes to self-government and supports their tribal sovereignty and self-determination. These tribes possess the right to establish the legal requirements for membership.
context_section_description: American Indian tribal recognition in the United States most often refers to the process of a tribe being recognized by the United States federal government, or to a person being granted membership to a federally recognized tribe. There are 573 federally recognized tribal governments in the United States. Non-Acknowledged Tribes are tribes which have no federal designation as sovereign entities. This is not to be confused with recognition of Native Americans in the US which are defined by the BIA as any descendant of the Indigenous peoples of the Americas which is a US citizen. Federally Non-Recognized tribes refers to a subgroup of non-acknowledged tribes which had some sort of recognition by the British prior to the formation of the United States or by the United States but which were determined by the government to no longer exist as an Indian tribe or no longer meet the criteria for a nation to nation status.
  The United States recognizes the right of these tribes to self-government and supports their tribal sovereignty and self-determination. These tribes possess the right to establish the legal requirements for membership. They may form their own government, enforce laws (both civil and criminal), tax, license and regulate activities, zone, and exclude people from tribal territories. Limitations on tribal powers of self-government include the same limitations applicable to states; for example, neither tribes nor states have the power to make war, engage in foreign relations, or coin money.
  Legal definitions of Indian abound; according to a 1978 congressional survey, there were upwards of 33 separate definitions of "Indian" used in federal legislation. The number of definitions increased when tribal enrollment statutes were included. U.S. Government agencies may have varied definitions of "Indian." For example, the National Center for Health Statistics currently assigns the mother's race to a child born to parents of different "races". When people give multiracial responses to questions of heritage, only the first race is entered.
  The 1978 American Indian Religious Freedom Act uses a two-part definition which is especially influential. It defines an Indian as a person who belongs to an Indian Tribe, which in turn is a group that "is recognized as eligible for the special programs and services provided by the United States to Indians because of their status as Indians."
caption: President Coolidge stands with four Osage Indians at a White House ceremony.
exif: {}