page_title: January Uprising
section_title: Notable insurgents
hierarchical_section_title: January Uprising / Notable insurgents
caption_attribution_description: English: Cross commemorating 70th Anniversary of January Uprising
context_page_description: The January Uprising was an insurrection principally in Russia′s Kingdom of Poland aimed at the restoration of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. It began on 22 January 1863 and continued until the last insurgents were captured by the Russian forces in 1864.
  It was the longest lasting insurgency in post-partition Poland. The conflict engaged all levels of society, and arguably had profound repercussions on contemporary international relations and ultimately provoked a social and ideological paradigm shift in national events that went on to have a decisive influence on the subsequent development of Polish society.
  It was the confluence of a number of factors that rendered the uprising inevitable in early 1863. The Polish nobility and urban bourgeois circles longed for the semi-autonomous status they had enjoyed in Congress Poland before the previous insurgency, a generation earlier in 1830, while youth encouraged by the success of the Italian independence movement urgently desired the same outcome.
context_section_description: Francišak Bahuševič (1840–1900), Belarusian poet and writer, one of the founders of modern Belarusian literature
  Stanisław Brzóska (1832–1865), was a Polish priest and commander at the end of the insurrection.
  Saint Albert Chmielowski (1845–1916), founder of the Albertine Brothers and Sisters.
  Jaroslaw Dabrowski (1836-1871), officer in the Russian Army, left-wing member of the "secret committee" of officers in St. Petersburg. He took over its leadership from Sierakowski. He died in Paris fighting for the Paris Commune.
  Konstanty Kalinowski (1838–1864), was one of the leaders of Lithuanian and Belarusian national revival and the leader of the January Uprising in the lands of the former Grand Duchy of Lithuania.
  Saint Raphael Kalinowski (1835–1907), born Joseph Kalinowski in Lithuania, resigned as a Captain from the Russian Army to become Minister of War for the Polish insurgents.  He was arrested and sentenced to death by firing squad, but the sentence was then changed to 10 years in Siberia, including a grueling nine-month overland trek to get there.
  Apollo Korzeniowski (1820–1869), Polish playwright and father of Joseph Conrad.
  Marian Langiewicz (1827-1887), Military Commander of the uprising. He had an English wife, Suzanne, next to whom he was buried in Istanbul.
  Antanas Mackevičius (1828–1863), Lithuanian priest who organized some two hundred and fifty men, armed with hunting rifles and straightened scythes. After a defeat near Vilkija, he was captured and taken to the prison in Kaunas. After Mackevičius refused to betray other leaders of the uprising, he was hanged on December 28, 1863,
  Ludwik Mierosławski (1814-1878), veteran of the November Uprising and of the Greater Poland uprising (1846), general, strategist, writer and emigrant with wide foreign contacts.
  Władysław Niegolewski (1819–1885), was a liberal Polish politician and member of parliament, an insurgent in the Greater Poland Uprisings of 1846 and 1848 and of the January 1863 Uprising, and a co-founder (1861) of the Central Economic Society (TCL) and (1880) the People's Libraries Society (CTG).
  Francesco Nullo (1826-1863) Italian general who headed the Garibaldi Legion, and though small, it carried huge symbolic value. Nullo died at the Battle of Krzykawka.
  Bolesław Prus (1847–1912), leading Polish writer of historical novels.
  Anna Henryka Pustowójtówna (1838-1881), alias "Michał Smok", adjutant to Marian Langiewicz. She was of Russian-Polish parentage and an activist from 1861. She later took part in the Paris Commune and the Franco-Prussian War. She died in Paris, the mother of four children.
  François Rochebrune, (1830-1870), one of several French officers in the Uprising, he formed and led a Polish rebel unit called the Zouaves of Death and was promoted to General.
  Aleksander Sochaczewski (1843–1923), Polish painter.
  Romuald Traugutt (1826-1864), a Lieutenant colonel of German descent in the Russian Army, he was promoted general in the insurrection, was its leader for a spell and held the Foreign Affairs portfolio in the underground government. He was tortured and hanged by the Russians with several of his colleagues.
caption: Cross commemorating 70th Anniversary of January Uprising
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