page_title: FS Class E.636
section_title: Mechanical modifications
hierarchical_section_title: FS Class E.636 / Technical details / Mechanical modifications
caption_attribution_description: FS E.636.441 in Bolzano
context_page_description: The FS E.636 is a class of Italian articulated electric locomotives. They were introduced in the course of the 1940s until the 1960s, and have been decommissioned since 2006. They have been one of the most numerous Italian locomotive group, and have been widely employed during their long career, hauling every type of train, ranging from freight to long range passenger services. Their introduction also saw the employment of some revolutionary design concepts, such as the articulated carbody and the three bogies scheme.
context_section_description: The locomotive is formed by two half carbodies, pivoting over the central bogie. Between them, there is a bellows, which was originally made with rubber then replaced in the 1950s by an impermeable membrane. In recent years this was further replaced by flexible plastic material.
  On post war units, 7 mm (0.28 in) reinforcement frames have been introduced on the chassis and under the cabs, as the first 108 units showed some mechanical weaknesses in those points;  in the mid-1980s it was decided to reinforce only the chassis on pre-war units (however units 026 an 065 never received these modifications).
  To reduce parasite motion, dampers were mounted between the carbodies: glycerine-type from units 1-276 and special-oil type from unit 277 onwards, although these were later eliminated in 1977 because considered useless.
  The first 108 units had different rheostat ventilation shafts on the roof than the rest of the units ones, although these were later replaced with the more efficient shafts used on the latter units.
  They also had sliding oil-buckles, while following units had rolling bearing ones.
  Units 162-171 were equipped with French-derived Athermos buckles for testing purposes, which were later removed.
  Sandthrowers were mounted internally into the bogie in the units 001 - 108; after the war they were replaced by external ones that also were natively mounted on later units.
caption: Unit 441 in original livery, in Bolzano.
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