page_title: Spanish conquest of Oran (1732)
section_title: Consequences
hierarchical_section_title: Spanish conquest of Oran (1732) / Consequences
caption_attribution_description: Español: Retrato oficial del rey Felipe V de España (1683-1746), que fue nieto del rey Luis XIV de Francia y el primer monarca de la Casa de Borbón en España. Nació en Versalles y fue proclamado rey de España en 1700. Casó dos veces, tuvo numerosos hijos y falleció en Madrid en 1746. El Rey viste armadura, porta el bastón de mando y está acompañado por un casco de guerra situado frente a él sobre una piedra. Además de la riquísima casaca bordada y de la faja roja ciñéndole la cintura, vestiduras dignas de su condición, el Monarca luce la insignia del Toisón de Oro y la banda del Saint-Esprit, símbolos de su dominio español, como heredero de la Casa de Borgoña, y de su ascendencia francesa. Esta composición se convirtió en el modelo de retrato oficial del Rey, repitiéndose con escasas variaciones innumerables veces y por diversos artistas. Se distingue por su elegancia, refinamiento y distinción, características que conectan directamente con la pintura francesa del momento y especialmente con la producción de Hyacinthe Rigaud (1659-1743), maestro de Ranc y pintor de cámara de Luis XIV y Luis XV de Francia. Este cuadro es compañero del retrato de su esposa Isabel de Farnesio (P2330), también en las colecciones del Museo del Prado. Ambas obras se salvaron del incendio de 1734 del Alcázar de Madrid, desde donde pasaron al Palacio del Buen Retiro.English: This is an official portrait of Felipe V (1683-1746), the first Bourbon king of Spain. The grandson of Louis XIV (1638-1715) of France, he was born in Versailles and was proclaimed King of Spain in 1700. Married two times, he had numerous children and died in Madrid in 1746. The king wears armor and carries a ruler's staff. A warrior's helmet rests on a stone in front of him. Along with the sumptuous embroidered frock coat and red girdle at his waist, which indicate his regal condition, he wears the insignia of the Golden Fleece and the sash of the Saint Esprit, symbols of his Spanish dominion as heir to the House of Burgundy, and of his French origins. This composition became the model for official portraits of the King and was repeated on innumerable occasions by various artists with scant variations. It stands out for its elegance, refinement and distinction, characteristics directly connected to French painting of that moment, especially the production of Hyacinthe Rigaud (1659-1743), who was Ranc's teacher and the chamber painter to Louis XIV and Louis XV of France. This painting is the companion to the portrait of the King's wife, Isabel de Farnesio (P2330), which is also in the Prado Museum collection. Both works were saved from the 1734 fire at Madrid's Alcázar Palace and moved to the Buen Retiro Palace.
context_page_description: The Spanish conquest of Oran and Mers el-Kebir took place from 15 June to 2 July 1732, between the Kingdom of Spain against the Ottoman protectorate of Algiers. The great Spanish expedition led by Don José Carrillo de Albornoz, Duke of Montemar and Don Francisco Javier Cornejo defeated the Ottoman-Muslim troops under the command of the Bey Hassan, and conquered the fortress-cities of Oran and Mers el-Kebir, ruled and administered by the Ottoman Empire from 1708, during the War of the Spanish Succession, when both cities, ruled by Spain, fell into the hands of the Ottoman Dey of Algiers.
context_section_description: On 5 July a solemn Te Deum was sung in Oran to commemorate the victory. The news soon reached Spain and spread to the rest of Europe, where the famous victory was celebrated with festivals and religious ceremonies. The Pope Clement XII was greatly contented to hear of the reclaiming of the cities, thanking and full of praise for Philip V of Spain. A month after the recovery of Oran, on 1 August, having secured the city, Montemar made back to Spain with the majority of his troops, leaving behind a garrison of 6,000 men.
  Montemar was received with great expectation in Seville on 15 August, Philip V presented him with a chain of the Order of the Golden Fleece, a reward for the service to his country. Also Don José Patiño was rewarded with the same honour, as he had planned the expedition.
  Bey Hassan wasn't resigned to the loss of his beloved city.  Regretting the cowardice he had shown by abandoning the city, he tried many times to retrieve it, by attacking it over the following months. At the end of August he closed in on Oran with more than 10,000 troops, but they were defeated by the Spanish, causing them more than 2,000 casualties. The city was to remain under Spanish control till 1792.
caption: King Philip V of Spain by Jean Ranc.
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