page_title: Girl
section_title: Biology
hierarchical_section_title: Girl / Biology
caption_attribution_description: Deutsch: Atelierfotografie im Format einer Carte de Visite eines jungen Mädchens, die neben einem Kinderstuhl steht und eine Porzellankopfpuppe festhält. Im Kartonträger ist mit goldener Farbe mit Vor-und Rückseite eine "BRONZ. MEDAILLE" von einer Ausstellung in Hannover von 1901 eingeprägt, rechts daneben der Schriftzug "Hermann Kapps, Hildesheim, Bernwardstrasse 5" ...
context_page_description: A girl is a young female human, usually a child or an adolescent. When she becomes an adult, she is described as a woman. The term girl may also be used to mean a young woman, and is sometimes used as a synonym for daughter. Girl may also be a term of endearment used by an adult, usually a woman, to designate adult female friends.
  The treatment and status of girls in any society is usually closely related to the status of women in that culture. In cultures where women have a low societal position, girls may be unwanted by their parents, and the state may invest less in services for girls. Girls' upbringing ranges from being relatively the same as that of boys to complete sex segregation and completely different gender roles.
context_section_description: In general, girls develop female characteristics by inheriting two X chromosomes (XX), one from each parent.
  About one in a thousand girls have a 47,XXX karyotype, and one in 2500 have a 45,X one.
  Girls typically have a female reproductive system. Some intersex children with ambiguous genitals and some transgender children, originally assigned male at birth, may also be classified or self-identify as girls.
  Girls' bodies undergo gradual changes during puberty. Puberty is the process of physical changes by which a child's body matures into an adult body capable of sexual reproduction to enable fertilization. It is initiated by hormonal signals from the brain to the gonads. In response to the signals, the gonads produce hormones that stimulate libido and the growth, function, and transformation of the brain, bones, muscle, blood, skin, hair, breasts, and sexual organs. Physical growth—height and weight—accelerates in the first half of puberty and is completed when the child has developed an adult body. Until the maturation of their reproductive capabilities, the pre-pubertal, physical differences between boys and girls are the genitalia. Puberty is a process that usually takes place between 10 and 16 years, but these ages differ from girl to girl. The major landmark of girls' puberty is menarche, the onset of menstruation, which occurs on average between 12 and 13.
caption: A girl with a doll, a traditionally female toy. Photo by Hermann Kapps
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