page_title: Literature of al-Andalus
section_title: First Taifa period (1031-1086)
hierarchical_section_title: Literature of al-Andalus / First Taifa period (1031-1086)
caption_attribution_description: This is a photo of a historical garden indexed in the Spanish heritage register of Bienes de Interés Cultural under the reference RI-52-0000012.
context_page_description: The literature of al-Andalus, also known as Andalusi literature, was produced in Al-Andalus, or Islamic Iberia, from the Muslim conquest in 711 to either the Catholic conquest of Granada in 1492 or the Expulsion of the Moors ending in 1614. Andalusi literature was written primarily in Arabic, but also in Hebrew, Judeo-Arabic, Aljamiado, and Mozarabic.
  Abdellah Hilaat's World Literature Encyclopedia divides the history of Al-Andalus into two periods: the period of expansion, starting with the conquest of Hispania up to the first Taifa period, and the period of recession in which Al-Andalus was ruled by two major African empires: the Almoravid and the Almohad.
context_section_description: The collapse of the caliphate and the beginning of the Taifa period, did not have a negative impact on poetic production. In fact, poetry in al-Andalus reached its apex at this time. Ibn Zaydun of Cordoba, author of the Nūniyya of Ibn Zaydūn, was famously in love with Wallada bint al-Mustakfi, who inspired the poets of al-Andalus as well as those of the Emirate of Sicily, such as Ibn Hamdis. Ibn Sharaf of Qairawan and Ibn Hamdün (1139) became famous in the court of Al-Mu'atasim of Almería, while Abū Isḥāq al-Ilbirī and Abd al-Majid ibn Abdun stood out in Granada.
  Abu al-Hakam al-Kirmani was a doctor, mathematician, and philosopher from Cordoba; he is also credited with first bringing Brethren of Purity to al-Andalus.
  Al-Mu'tamid ibn Abbad, poet king of the Abbadid Taifa of Seville, was known as a generous sponsor of the arts. Ibn Hamdis of Sicily joined al-Mu'tamid's court.
caption: The court of al-Muatamid in Seville, which in his time was called al-Qasar al-Mubārak.[24]
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