page_title: Kidney stone disease
section_title: Composition
hierarchical_section_title: Kidney stone disease / Diagnosis / Composition
caption_attribution_description: English: A lenticular kidney stone, excreted by the urine.
context_page_description: Kidney stone disease, also known as nephrolithiasis or urolithiasis, is when a solid piece of material develops in the urinary tract. Kidney stones typically form in the kidney and leave the body in the urine stream. A small stone may pass without causing symptoms. If a stone grows to more than 5 millimeters, it can cause blockage of the ureter, resulting in severe pain in the lower back or abdomen. A stone may also result in blood in the urine, vomiting, or painful urination. About half of people who have had a kidney stone will have another within ten years.
  Most stones form due to a combination of genetics and environmental factors. Risk factors include high urine calcium levels; obesity; certain foods; some medications; calcium supplements; hyperparathyroidism; gout and not drinking enough fluids. Stones form in the kidney when minerals in urine are at high concentration. The diagnosis is usually based on symptoms, urine testing, and medical imaging. Blood tests may also be useful. Stones are typically classified by their location: nephrolithiasis, ureterolithiasis, cystolithiasis, or by what they are made of.
caption: A lenticular kidney stone, excreted in the urine
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