page_title: Luanda
section_title: Culture
hierarchical_section_title: Luanda / Culture
caption_attribution_description: Português: Estátua de Dona Ana de Sousa, Ngola Ana Nzinga Mbande, rainha de Ndongo e Matamba, Luanda, Angola.
context_page_description: Luanda, is the capital and largest city in Angola. It is Angola's primary port, and its major industrial, cultural and urban centre. Located on Angola's northern Atlantic coast, Luanda is Angola's administrative centre, its chief seaport, and also the capital of the Luanda Province. Luanda and its metropolitan area is the most populous Portuguese-speaking capital city in the world, with over 8 million inhabitants in 2019.
  Among the oldest colonial cities of Africa, it was founded in January 1576 as São Paulo da Assunção de Loanda by Portuguese explorer Paulo Dias de Novais. The city served as the centre of the slave trade to Brazil before its prohibition. At the start of the Angolan Civil War in 1975, most of the white Portuguese left as refugees, principally for Portugal. Luanda's population increased greatly from refugees fleeing the war, but its infrastructure was inadequate to handle the increase. This also caused the exacerbation of slums, or musseques, around Luanda. The city is undergoing a major reconstruction, with many large developments taking place that will alter its cityscape significantly.
context_section_description: As the economic and political center of Angola, Luanda is similarly the epicenter of Angolan culture. The city is home to numerous cultural institutions, including the Sindika Dokolo Foundation.
  The city hosts the annual Luanda International Jazz Festival, since 2009.
  The city is home to numerous museums, including:
  National Museum of Anthropology
  National Museum of Natural History
  Museum of the Armed Forces
  National Museum of Slavery
  Other monuments in the city include:
  Palácio de Ferro
  Fortress of São Miguel
  Fortress of São Francisco do Penedo
  Luanda Cathedral
  Igreja da Nossa Senhora do Cabo
  Igreja da Nossa Senhora da Conceição
  Igreja da Nossa Senhora da Nazaré
  Igreja da Nossa Senhora do Carmo
  Arquivo Histórico Nacional
caption: Statue of Ana de Sousa.
exif: {"Image Make": "Canon", "Image Model": "Canon DIGITAL IXUS 50", "Image XResolution": "180", "Image YResolution": "180", "Image ResolutionUnit": "Pixels/Inch", "Image DateTime": "2006:04:11 13:03:47", "Image YCbCrPositioning": "Centered", "Image Tag 0x1001": "2592", "Image Tag 0x1002": "1944", "Image ExifOffset": "266", "Image CustomRendered": "Normal", "Image ExposureMode": "Auto Exposure", "Image WhiteBalance": "Auto", "Image DigitalZoomRatio": "1", "Image SceneCaptureType": "Standard", "Thumbnail Compression": "JPEG (old-style)", "Thumbnail XResolution": "180", "Thumbnail YResolution": "180", "Thumbnail ResolutionUnit": "Pixels/Inch", "Thumbnail JPEGInterchangeFormat": "2310", "Thumbnail JPEGInterchangeFormatLength": "3472", "EXIF ExposureTime": "1/250", "EXIF FNumber": "10", "EXIF ExifVersion": "0220", "EXIF DateTimeOriginal": "2006:04:11 13:03:47", "EXIF DateTimeDigitized": "2006:04:11 13:03:47", "EXIF ComponentsConfiguration": "YCbCr", "EXIF CompressedBitsPerPixel": "5", "EXIF ShutterSpeedValue": "255/32", "EXIF ApertureValue": "213/32", "EXIF ExposureBiasValue": "0", "EXIF MaxApertureValue": "147/32", "EXIF MeteringMode": "Pattern", "EXIF Flash": "Flash did not fire, auto mode", "EXIF FocalLength": "87/5", "EXIF FlashPixVersion": "0100", "EXIF ColorSpace": "sRGB", "EXIF ExifImageWidth": "1944", "EXIF ExifImageLength": "2592", "EXIF FocalPlaneXResolution": "11520", "EXIF FocalPlaneYResolution": "81000/7", "EXIF FocalPlaneResolutionUnit": "2", "EXIF SensingMethod": "One-chip color area", "EXIF FileSource": "Digital Camera"}