page_title: Economy of Egypt
hierarchical_section_title: Economy of Egypt
caption_attribution_description: English: View of central Cairo across the Nile. In the picture there are various hotels. The circular one to the far left is the Cairo Sofitel. Next to that on the other side of the River Nile is the Helnan Sheperd (with blue lights). The hotel to the far right is the Grand Hyatt Cairo.
context_page_description: The economy of Egypt was a highly centralized economy focused on import substitution under president Gamal Abd EL-Nasser. In the 1990s, a series of International Monetary Fund arrangements, coupled with massive external debt relief resulting from Egypt's participation in the Gulf War coalition, helped Egypt improve its macroeconomic performance.
  Since 2000, the pace of structural reforms, including fiscal, monetary policies, taxation, privatisation and new business legislations, helped Egypt move towards a more market-oriented economy and prompted increased foreign investment. The reforms and policies have strengthened macroeconomic annual growth results which averaged 8% annually between 2004 and 2009 but the government largely failed to equitably share the wealth and the benefits of growth have failed to trickle down to improve economic conditions for the broader population, especially with the growing problem of unemployment and underemployment.
context_section_description: The economy of Egypt was a highly centralized economy focused on import substitution under president Gamal Abd EL-Nasser ( 1954-1970 ). In the 1990s, a series of International Monetary Fund arrangements, coupled with massive external debt relief resulting from Egypt's participation in the Gulf War coalition, helped Egypt improve its macroeconomic performance.
  Since 2000, the pace of structural reforms, including fiscal, monetary policies, taxation, privatisation and new business legislations, helped Egypt move towards a more market-oriented economy and prompted increased foreign investment. The reforms and policies have strengthened macroeconomic annual growth results which averaged 8% annually between 2004 and 2009 but the government largely failed to equitably share the wealth and the benefits of growth have failed to trickle down to improve economic conditions for the broader population, especially with the growing problem of unemployment and underemployment.
caption: Cairo, the financial centre of Egypt
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