page_title: HMGN
section_title: Family
hierarchical_section_title: HMGN / Family
caption_attribution_description: English: family
context_page_description: HMGN proteins are members of the broader class of high mobility group chromosomal proteins that are involved in regulation of transcription, replication, recombination, and DNA repair.
  HMGN1 and HMGN2 were discovered by E.W. Johns research group in the early 1970s. HMGN3, HMGN4, and HMGN5 were discovered later and are less abundant. HMGNs are nucleosome binding proteins that help in transcription, replication, recombination, and DNA repair. They can also alter the chromatin epigenetic landscape, helping to stabilize cell identity. There is still relatively little known about their structure and function. HMGN proteins are found in all vertebrates, and play a role in chromatin structure and histone modification. HMGNs come in long chains of amino acids, containing around 100 for HMGN1-4, and roughly 200 in HMGN5. Recent research on the HMGN family is focused on their effect on cell identity, and how reduction of HMGNs relates to induced reprogramming of mouse embryonic fibroblasts.
context_section_description: HMGN proteins are part of broader group of proteins referred to as High Mobility group chromosomal (HMG) proteins. This larger group was named this for their high electrophoretic mobility in polyacrylamide gels and is differentiated into 3 distinct but related groups, one of them being HMGN proteins. HMGN family can be further divided into specific proteins, these being HMGN1, HMGN2, HMGN3, HMGN4, and HMGN5.  The overall sizes of the proteins vary to each specific one, but HMGN1-4 average 100 amino acids. Whereas the larger HMGN5 proteins are 300+ amino acids long in mice and roughly 200 in length for humans.
caption: HMGN Family of proteins. AAs are amino acids in length. Inspired by a figure from Developmental function of HMGN Proteins by Takashi Furusawa and Srujana Cherukuri[6]
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