page_title: Orion (spacecraft)
section_title: Crew module (CM)
hierarchical_section_title: Orion (spacecraft) / Spacecraft description / Crew module (CM)
caption_attribution_description: English: Engineers successfully tested the parachutes for NASA's Orion spacecraft at the U.S. Army Yuma Proving Ground in Arizona Wednesday, March 8. This was the second test in a series of eight that will certify Orion's parachutes for human spaceflight. The test, which dropped an Orion engineering model from a C-17 aircraft at 25,000 feet, simulated the descent astronauts might experience if they have to abort a mission after liftoff. Español: Segunda prueba de una serie de ocho para la certificación de los paracaídas de Orión para vuelos espaciales tripulados. La prueba, en la que se arrojó un modelo de Orión desde un avión C-17 a una altitud de 25.000 pies, simuló el descenso que los astronautas podrían experimentar al abortar una misión después del despegue. Esta prueba se llevó a cabo en Yuma Proving Ground en Arizona, Estados Unidos, el miércoles 8 de marzo de 2017. Polski: W&#160;dniu 8&#160;marca 2017 roku na&#160;należacym do&#160;US&#160;Army poligonie Yuma Proving Ground w&#160;stanie Arizona inżynierowie z&#160;powodzeniem przetestowali spadochrony dla statku kosmicznego Orion. Był to drugi z&#160;serii ośmiu testów, na&#160;podstawie których spadochrony mają być zatwierdzone do&#160;lotów załogowych. Test polegał na&#160;zrzuceniu modelu testowego statku Orion z&#160;samolotu C-17 z&#160;wysokości 25.000&#160;stóp (około 7600&#160;m), co miało symulować spadanie, którego mogą doświadczyć astronauci, jeśli musieliby przerwać misję tuż po&#160;starcie. Čeština: Úspěšný test padáků pro přistání kosmické lodi Orion agentury NASA provedený v arizonské poušti dne 8. března 2017. Při tomto 2. testu (z celkových osmi) byl modul vynesen letadlem C-17 do výšky asi 8 km a poté byl jeho pád bržděn testovanými padáky pro simulaci neúspěšného startu lodi s lidskou posádkou a její návrat na zem. Magyar: A mérnökök sikeresen tesztelték a NASA Orion űrhajójának ejtőernyőit 2017. március 8-án, szerdán (U.S. Army Yuma Proving Ground , Arizona, Amerikai Egyesült Államok). Ez volt a nyolcból a második teszt a személyzettel megvalósított űrrepülés előtt. A teszt során az Orion mérnöki modelljét egy C-17-es repülőgépből 25000 láb (7600 méter) magasságból dobták le azt az esetet szimulálva, amikor az űrhajósoknak a felszállás után meg kell szakítaniuk a missziót Italiano: Test dei paracaduti della navicella della NASA Orion, avvenuto mercoledì 8 marzo 2017 al campo di prova di Yuma, in Arizona. Per il test, un modello di Orion è stato lanciato da un Boeing C-17 dall'altezza di 25 mila piedi (7620&#160;m) per simulare un lancio d'emergenza poco dopo il lancio. 한국어: 2017년 3월 8일 수요일, 기술자들이 미국 애리조나 주 미 육군 유마 성능 시험장에서 미국 항공우주국의 오리온 우주선에 사용될 낙하산 시험에 성공했다. 이는 오리온의 유인 우주 비행용 낙하산의 성능을 증명하기 위해 이어진 8회의 시험들 중 두 번째였다. 이 시험에서는 오리온의 공학적 모형을 2만 5천 피트 (7,620m) 상공에서 C-17 기에서 떨어뜨려 이륙 후 임무를 포기해야 할 때 우주 비행사들이 경험할 강하를 모의 실험했다. Македонски: Испробување на повратни падобрани од вселенското летало „Орион“ на НАСА, 2017 г. Nederlands: Test van de reddingsparachutes voor de Orioncapsule Português: Segunda prova de uma série de oito para a certificação dos paraquedas da Orion para voos espaciais tripulados; Arizona, 8 de março de 2017.
context_page_description: Orion is a class of partially reusable space capsules to be used in NASA's human spaceflight programs. The spacecraft consists of a Crew Module manufactured by Lockheed Martin and the European Service Module manufactured by Airbus Defence and Space. Capable of supporting a crew of six beyond low Earth orbit, Orion can last up to 21 days undocked and up to six months docked. It is equipped with solar panels, an automated docking system, and glass cockpit interfaces modeled after those used in the Boeing 787 Dreamliner. A single AJ10 engine provides the spacecraft's primary propulsion, while eight R-4D-11 engines, and six pods of custom reaction control system engines developed by Airbus, provide the spacecraft's secondary propulsion. Although compatible with other launch vehicles, Orion is primarily designed to launch atop a Space Launch System rocket, with a tower launch escape system.
  Orion was originally conceived by Lockheed Martin as a proposal for the Crew Exploration Vehicle to be used in NASA's Constellation program. Lockheed Martin's proposal defeated a competing proposal by Northrop Grumman, and was selected by NASA in 2006 to be the CEV.
context_section_description: The Orion crew module (CM) is a reusable transportation capsule that provides a habitat for the crew, provides storage for consumables and research instruments, and contains the docking port for crew transfers. The crew module is the only part of the spacecraft that returns to Earth after each mission and is a 57.5° truncated cone shape with a blunt spherical aft end, 5.02 meters (16 ft 6 in) in diameter and 3.3 meters (10 ft 10 in) in length, with a mass of about 8.5 metric tons (19,000 lb). It was manufactured by the Lockheed Martin Corporation at Michoud Assembly Facility in New Orleans. It will have 50% more volume than the Apollo capsule and will carry four to six astronauts. After extensive study, NASA has selected the Avcoat ablator system for the Orion crew module. Avcoat, which is composed of silica fibers with a resin in a honeycomb made of fiberglass and phenolic resin, was formerly used on the Apollo missions and on the Space Shuttle orbiter for early flights.
  Orion's CM will use advanced technologies, including:
  Glass cockpit digital control systems derived from those of the Boeing 787.
  An "autodock" feature, like those of Progress, the Automated Transfer Vehicle, and Dragon 2, with provision for the flight crew to take over in an emergency. Prior US spacecraft have all been docked by the crew.
  Improved waste-management facilities, with a miniature camping-style toilet and the unisex "relief tube" used on the Space Shuttle.
  A nitrogen/oxygen (N
  ₂/O
  ₂) mixed atmosphere at either sea level (101.3 kPa or 14.69 psi) or reduced (55.2 to 70.3 kPa or 8.01 to 10.20 psi) pressure.
  Far more advanced computers than on prior crew vehicles.
  The CM will be built of aluminium-lithium alloy. The reusable recovery parachutes will be based on the parachutes used on both the Apollo spacecraft and the Space Shuttle Solid Rocket Boosters, and will be constructed of Nomex cloth. Water landings will be the exclusive means of recovery for the Orion CM.
  To allow Orion to mate with other vehicles, it will be equipped with the NASA Docking System. The spacecraft will employ a Launch Escape System (LES) along with a "Boost Protective Cover" (made of fiberglass), to protect the Orion CM from aerodynamic and impact stresses during the first ​2 ¹⁄₂ minutes of ascent. Its designers claim that the MPCV is designed to be 10 times safer during ascent and reentry than the Space Shuttle. The CM is designed to be refurbished and reused. In addition, all of Orion's component parts have been designed to be as modular as possible, so that between the craft's first test flight in 2014 and its projected Mars voyage in the 2030s, the spacecraft can be upgraded as new technologies become available.
  As of 2019, the Spacecraft Atmospheric Monitor is planned to be used in the Orion CM.
caption: Testing of Orion's parachute system.
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