page_title: Moscow–Washington hotline
section_title: In popular culture
hierarchical_section_title: Moscow–Washington hotline / In popular culture
caption_attribution_description: English: "Red Phone" Moscow–Washington hotline from the Carter Administration White House. On display at the Jimmy Carter Library and Museum Please note: Contrary to popular belief, this red phone was NOT used for the Washington-Moscow Hotline. The Hotline was a teletype and later a facsimile link, it never was a phone line. According to this article the phone in the picture is just a prop, erroneously representing the Hotline. Paul2 (talk) 21:05, 7 September 2013 (UTC)
context_page_description: The Moscow–Washington hotline was a system that allowed direct communication between the leaders of the United States and the USSR. This hotline was established in 1963 and links the Pentagon with the Kremlin. Although in popular culture it is known as the "red telephone", the hotline was never a telephone line, and no red phones were used. The first implementation used Teletype equipment, and shifted to fax machines in 1986. Since 2008, the Moscow–Washington hotline has been a secure computer link over which messages are exchanged by a secure form of email.
context_section_description: In numerous television series, movies, video games and other places, the hotline between Washington and Moscow is represented by a red phone, although the real hotline never was a telephone line.
  A hotline telephone was depicted in the film Fail-Safe as the "Red 1 / Ultimate 1 Touch phone", and also in Stanley Kubrick's film Dr. Strangelove, both from 1964 and both loosely based on Peter George's Cold War thriller novel Red Alert from 1958.
  A more realistic depiction of the Hotline was Tom Clancy's novel The Sum of All Fears from 1991 and its 2002 film adaptation, in which a text-based computer communications system was depicted, resembling the actual Hotline equipment from the 1980s and 1990s.
  In the 1990 HBO film By Dawn's Early Light, the White House Situation Room equipment that receives the (translated) hotline message, apparently relayed by the Pentagon-NMCC MOLINK team, is depicted as a teleprinter (and not as a fax machine, the technology already in use at the NMCC itself by that year).
  A telephone is used in the intro cinematic of the video game Command & Conquer: Red Alert 2. The call is placed by the US president to the Kremlin in the wake of a global Soviet invasion.
caption: A non-dial "Red Phone" which is on display in the Jimmy Carter Library and Museum. This telephone is actually a prop, erroneously representing the hotline between Washington and Moscow.[23]
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