page_title: Gishakidu
hierarchical_section_title: Gishakidu
caption_attribution_description: English: This cuneiform text on this vessel gives the city of Umma's account of its long-running border dispute with Lagash. It reads "This is the boundary according to monument of (the god) Shara". Early Dynastic Period III, circa 2350 BCE. From Umma, Southern Mesopotamia, modern-day Iraq. The British Museum, London.
context_page_description: Gishakidu was king of the Sumerian city-state of Umma and husband of queen Bara-irnun, circa 2400 BCE. He was the son of Il, king of Umma. He is particularly known from a gold votive plate by his queen, in which she describes her genealogy in great detail. The inscription on the plate reads:
  For Shara, lord of the E-mah: when Bara-irnun - wife of Gishakidu, king of Umma, daughter of Ur-Lumma, king of Umma, grand-daughter of Enakalle, king of Umma, daughter-in-law of Il, king of Umma - had made Shara resplendent and had built him a holy throne, for her life, to Shara, in the E-Mah, she offered."
  — Inscription of Bara-Irnum
  The original royal line of Umma consisted in the filiation of Enakalle and his own son Ur-Lumma. When Ur-Lumma died, presumably without a son but certainly with a daughter named Bara-irnum, the throne was handed over to Il, son of Eanandu and grandson of Enakalle. King Il was then succeeded by his own son Gishakidu. Bara-irnum married her cousin Gishakidu, thus re-uniting both stands of the royal family by a marital alliance.
  Gishakidu is also known from a dedicatory inscription on a cylinder:
context_section_description: Gishakidu (𒄑𒊮𒆠𒄭 giš-ša₃-ki-du₁₀) was king of the Sumerian city-state of Umma and husband of queen Bara-irnun, circa 2400 BCE. He was the son of Il, king of Umma. He is particularly known from a gold votive plate by his queen, in which she describes her genealogy in great detail. The inscription on the plate reads:
  For (the god) Shara, lord of the E-mah: when Bara-irnun - wife of Gishakidu, king of Umma, daughter of Ur-Lumma, king of Umma, grand-daughter of Enakalle, king of Umma, daughter-in-law of Il, king of Umma - had made Shara resplendent and had built him a holy throne, for her life, to Shara, in the E-Mah, she offered (this ornament)."
  — Inscription of Bara-Irnum
  The original royal line of Umma consisted in the filiation of Enakalle (possibly son of Ush) and his own son Ur-Lumma. When Ur-Lumma died, presumably without a son but certainly with a daughter named Bara-irnum, the throne was handed over to Il, son of Eanandu (who had no regnal title) and grandson (or nephew) of Enakalle. King Il was then succeeded by his own son Gishakidu. Bara-irnum married her cousin Gishakidu, thus re-uniting both stands of the royal family by a marital alliance.
  Gishakidu is also known from a dedicatory inscription on a cylinder:
  When Shara spoke to Enlil, the prayers gathered in his heart, and when he approached him, Gishakidu, the beloved shepherd of Shara, the one born .... a warrior Prince, the fear-inspiring leader of Sumer, who has no rival in all the foreign lands, the en-priest attached to the side of Ninura, counseled by Enki as by his own mother, the beloved friend of Ishtaran, the mighty governor of Enlil, the king selected by Inanna, at that time he constructed this boundary dyke.
  — Cylinder inscription of Gishakidu, MS 2426
  A foundation inscription in his name is also known.
caption: Vase of King Gishakidu giving the city of Umma's account of its long-running border dispute with Lagash. The vase redefines the frontier by recording the locations of stelae to the god Shara, as well as the distances between them. Circa 2400 BCE. From Umma, Iraq. Ref. 140889, British Museum, London.[1][2][3] Authorship lost, pre-Lugalzagesi Ummaite prince, could also be Il, king of Umma,[4] but now generally attributed to Gishakidu.[5]
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