page_title: Ring chromosome 15
section_title: Diagnosis
hierarchical_section_title: Ring chromosome 15 / Diagnosis
caption_attribution_description: English: A right sided diaphragmatic hernia with the stomach in the chest (left side of image marked by the arrow). Note the air fluid level in the stomach.
context_page_description: Ring chromosome 15 is a condition that arises when chromosome 15 fuses to form a ring chromosome. Usually, r15 forms due to modifications or deletion of genes on chromosome 15 in the preliminary stages of embryonic development but it can rarely also be inherited.
  If the ends of the chromosome fuse with no loss of genetic material, the individual retains the normal phenotype with relatively slight difference. However, when there is deletion of genetic information at the distal unstable ends where the subtelomeric structures fuse, syndromes associated with that particular chromosome arise. All chromosomes have the capacity to form such rings; the symptoms and severity depend on the amount of the genetic information lost. Thus, the treatment for r15 predominantly targets the eradication of these symptoms rather than the chromosome ring itself.
context_section_description: In most cases, postnatal diagnosis is done and up to 2011, only four cases are reported via prenatal diagnosis.
  Congenital diaphragmatic hernia and intrauterine growth retardation (these two signs put the patients at the risk of afflicting with r15) by fetal ultrasound (Obstetric ultrasonography) at the time period of 16-24 weeks, further investigation and diagnostics (such as karyotyping) must be performed to test the possibility of ring chromosome 15.
caption: Congenital diaphragmatic hernia
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