page_title: Lê–Mạc War
section_title: Conflicts in 1580–1583
hierarchical_section_title: Lê–Mạc War / Conflicts / Conflicts in 1580–1583
caption_attribution_description: 中文（香港）‎: 越南人服飾
context_page_description: The Lê–Mạc War was a long-time civil war waged between two Vietnamese dynasties, the Mạc and Revival Lê, during the Southern and Northern Dynasties period of Vietnamese history.
  The Vietnamese throne was usurped by Mạc Đăng Dung in 1527. Lê Ninh, a prince of the Later Lê dynasty, escaped to Lan Xang. In 1533, Lê Ninh proclaimed himself emperor with the support of Nguyễn Kim and Trịnh Kiểm. The civil war between the two dynasties thus ensued.
  In 1592, Thang Long, the capital of the Mạc dynasty, was reconquered by the Later Lê forces, marking the end of the Southern and Northern Dynasties period. Mạc rulers fled to Cao Bằng Province with the direct support of the Chinese Ming and Qing dynasties until 1677.
context_section_description: From 1580 to 1583, Lê-Trịnh and Mạc forces engaged small to moderate-size conflicts along the Mã River. In November 1580, Mạc Kính Điển died and his brother, prince Mạc Đôn Nhượng succeed the military ruler of northern dynasty. The Mạc regime began declining and these were the last Northern dynasty's southward offensive.
caption: Wokou mercenary and his wife in Hải Phòng, Vietnam in 1590. From manuscript Boxer Codex
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