page_title: Anthoathecata
section_title: Infraorders and families
hierarchical_section_title: Anthoathecata / Systematics / Infraorders and families
caption_attribution_description: Hydractinia epiconcha(Cnidaria) Japanese name;Kaiumihidora/カイウミヒドラ Date;2007,05,20,Susami town,Wakayama Pref. Japan Author;Keisotyo
context_page_description: Anthoathecata, or the athecate hydroids, are an order of hydrozoans belonging to the phylum Cnidaria. A profusion of alternate scientific names exists for this long-known, heavily discussed, and spectacular group. It has also been called Gymnoblastea and, Anthomedusa, Athecata, Hydromedusa, and Stylasterina. There are about 1,200 species worldwide.
  These hydrozoans always have a polyp stage. Their hydranths grow either solitary or in colonies. There is no firm perisarc around the polyp body. The medusae, or jellyfish, are solitary animals, with tentacles arising from the bell margin, lacking statocysts but possessing radial canals. Their gonads are on the manubrium.
  Except in Eudendriidae and Laingiidae, prey can be captured by discharging harpoon-like structures from chambers in specialized cells on the tentacles. In hydrozoans, these are nearly always adhesive and entrapping, rather than puncturing and poisoned as in other jellys.
context_section_description: Basal and incertae sedis Anthoathecata
  Genus Bibrachium Stechow, 1919
  Genus "Microstoma" Lesson, 1830 (nomen dubium; non G.Cuvier, 1816: preoccupied)
  Genus Saccohydra Billiard, 1914
  †Family Heterastridiidae (fossil)
  Suborder Aplanulata Collins, Winkelman, Hadrys & Schierwater, 2005
  Family Acaulidae Fraser, 1924 (formerly in Tubulariida)
  Family Boeromedusidae Bouillon, 1995 (formerly in Moerisiida)
  Family Boreohydridae Westblad, 1947 (formerly in Tubulariida)
  Family Myriothelidae Hincks, 1868 (including Candelabridae, Symplectaneidae; formerly in Tubulariida)
  Family Corymorphidae Allman, 1872 (including Amalthaeidae, Branchiocerianthidae, Euphysidae, Hypolytidae , Monocaulidae, Paragotoeidae, Steenstrupiini, Trichorhizini; formerly in Tubulariida)
  Family Hydridae Dana, 1846 (formerly in Moerisiida)
  Family Margelopsidae Uchida, 1927 (including Pelagohydridae; formerly in Tubulariida)
  Family Paracorynidae Picard, 1957 (formerly in Tubulariida)
  Family Protohydridae Allman, 1888 (formerly in Moerisiida)
  Family Tubulariidae
  Suborder Filifera Kühn, 1913
  Basal or incertae sedis
  Genus Brinckmannia Schuchert & Reiswig, 2006
  Genus Favonia Péron & Lesueur, 1810 (nomen dubium)
  Genus Kinetocodium Kramp, 1921 (Margelina: Hydractiniidae?)
  Genus Lymnorea Péron & Lesueur, 1810 (= Limnorea; nomen dubium)
  Family Axoporidae Boschma, 1951 (fossil)
  Family Bythotiaridae Maas, 1905 (including Calycopsidae; Pandeida?)
  Family Clathrozoellidae Peña Cantero, Vervoort & Watson, 2003 (tentatively placed here)
  Family Cordylophoridae von Lendenfeld, 1885
  Family Jeanbouilloniidae Pagès, Flood & Youngbluth, 2006
  Family Oceaniidae (Margelina?)
  Family Tubiclavoididae Moura, Cunha & Schuchert, 2007 (Pandeida?)
  Infraorder Margelina Haeckel, 1879 (disputed)
  Family Australomedusidae Russell, 1971 (including Platystomidae)
  Family Balellidae Stechow, 1922
  Family Bougainvilliidae
  Family Cytaeididae L.Agassiz, 1862
  Family Eucodoniidae Schuchert, 1996
  Family Hydractiniidae
  Family Ptilocodiidae Coward, 1909
  Family Rathkeidae Russell, 1953
  Family Rhysiidae  Hickson & Gravely, 1907; (tentatively placed here)
  Family Stylasteridae (tentatively placed here)
  Family Trichydridae Hincks, 1868
  Infraorder Pandeida (disputed)
  Family Eudendriidae
  Family Magapiidae Schuchert & Bouillon, 2009 (formerly Laingiidae; tentatively placed here)
  Family Niobiidae Petersen, 1979
  Family Pandeidae
  Family Proboscidactylidae Hand & Hendrickson, 1950
  Family Protiaridae Haeckel, 1879
  Family Heterotentaculidae Schuchert, 2010 (formerly Russelliidae; tentatively placed here)
   
  Suborder Capitata Kühn, 1913
  Basal or incertae sedis
  Genus Cnidocodon Bouillon, 1978 (including Ramus)
  Genus Ctenaria (Zancleida: Zancleidae?)
  Genus Oonautes Damas, 1937 (Zancleida: Zancleidae?)
  Genus Paulinum Brinckmann-Voss & Arai, 1998
  Genus Plotocnide Wagner, 1885 (including Plankayon)
  Genus Propachycordyle Thiel, 1931
  Genus Pteronema Haeckel, 1879
  Genus Rhabdoon Keferstein & Ehlers, 1861 (including Pararhysomedusa, Rhysomedusa, Yakovia)
  Genus Tetraralphia Pagès & Bouillon, 1997
  Infraorder Moerisiida Poche, 1914 (disputed)
  Family Halimedusidae Arai & Brinckmann-Voss, 1980 (tentatively placed here)
  Family Moerisiidae Poche, 1914
  Infraorder Sphaerocorynida Petersen, 1990 (disputed)
  Family Hydrocorynidae Rees, 1957
  Family Sphaerocorynidae Prévot, 1959
  Family Zancleopsidae Bouillon, 1978
  Infraorder N.N. (disputed)
  Family Cladonematidae
  Family Corynidae
  Family Euphysidae
  Family Pennariidae McCrady, 1859 (including Halocordylidae)
  Family Solanderiidae
  Family Tricyclusidae Kramp, 1949
  Infraorder Zancleida Russell, 1953 (disputed)
  Family Asyncorynidae Kramp, 1949
  Family Cladocorynidae Allman, 1872
  Family Milleporidae Fleming, 1828 (= Milleporadae)
  Family Porpitidae
  Family Pseudosolanderiidae Bouillon & Gravier-Bonnet, 1988
  Family Rosalindidae Bouillon, 1985
  Family Teissieridae Bouillon, 1978
  Family Zancleidae Russell, 1953 (including Corynipteridae, Halocorynidae, Orthocorynidae)
caption: Hydractinia epiconcha belongs to the Margelina in the suborder Filifera.
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