page_title: Cesar Department
section_title: Ecoregions
hierarchical_section_title: Cesar Department / Geography / Ecoregions
caption_attribution_description: Cerro Pintao - Serrania del Perija, Venezuela.
context_page_description: Cesar Department or simply Cesar is a department of Colombia located in the north of the country in the Caribbean region, bordering to the north with the Department of La Guajira, to the west with the Department of Magdalena and Department of Bolivar, to the south with Department of Santander, to the west with the Department of North Santander, and to the east with the country of Venezuela. The department capital city is Valledupar.
  The region was first inhabited by indigenous peoples known as Euparíes in the Valley of Upar and Guatapuríes in the Valley of the Cesar river, among these were the Orejones pertaining to the Tupe, Acanayutos pertaining to the Motilon and Alcoholados pertaining to the Chimila. The first European to explore the area was Spanish Captain Pedro de Vadillo, but German Ambrosio Alfínger savagely conquered the region in 1532. In 1550 the village of Valle de Upar was founded by Hernando de Santana and Juan de Castellanos.
  In 1813, María de la Concepción Loperena proclaimed the independence in Valledupar and donated 300 horses to Simón Bolívar. In 1829 Valledupar became a cantón of the province of Santa Marta.
context_section_description: The Department of Cesar contains five Ecoregions; the Serranía del Perijá mountain range, the valley of the Cesar River, the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta mountain range, the valley of the Magdalena River and the Cienaga de Zapatosa marshes complex.
caption: Cerro Pintao and the Serranía del Perijá.
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