page_title: Surveyor 3
section_title: Television
hierarchical_section_title: Surveyor 3 / Science instruments / Television
caption_attribution_description: English: Surveyor 3 TV camera. Dansk: TV-kamera monteret på Surveyor 3, som landede på månden 20. april, 1967. Kameraet blev hentet hjem ombord på Apollo 12, 20. november, 1969. Español: Cámara fotográfica de la sonda Surveyor 3 traída desde la luna por el Apolo 12. Está se muestra en el Museo Nacional del Aire y el Espacio. Polski: Telewizyjna kamera która wylądowała na Księżycu w dniu 20.04.1967 jako jedna z części sondy Surveyor 3. Została wymontowana i przetransportowana na ziemię przez załogę Apollo 12 w dniu 20 listopada 1969r.
context_page_description: Surveyor 3 was the third lander of the American unmanned Surveyor program sent to explore the surface of the Moon in 1967. It was the first mission to carry a surface-soil sampling-scoop.
  Surveyor 3 was visited by Apollo 12 astronauts Pete Conrad and Alan Bean in November, 1969, and remains the only probe visited by humans on another world. They brought back some parts of it to study, including its TV camera.
context_section_description: The television camera on Surveyor 3 consisted of a vidicon tube, two 25 and 100 millimeter focal length lenses, shutters, filters, and an iris mounted along an axis inclined about 16 degrees to the central axis of the spacecraft. The TV camera was mounted under a mirror that could be moved in azimuth (horizontally) and elevation (vertically). The operation of the camera was completely dependent upon the receipt of proper commands from the Earth. Frame-by-frame coverage of the lunar surface was obtained over the complete 360 degrees in azimuth, and from +40 degrees above the plane normal to the camera's Z-axis to −65 degrees below this plane. Both 600-line and 200-line modes of TV camera operation were used. The 200-line mode transmitted over an omnidirectional antenna and scanned one frame every 61.8 seconds. A complete video transmission of each 200-line picture required 20 seconds and used a bandwidth of 1.2 kHz. The 600-line pictures were transmitted over a directional antenna. These pictures were scanned as often as once every 3.6 seconds. Each 600-line picture required a nominal one second to be read from the image vidicon, and its transmission required a 220 kHz bandwidth, using digital picture transmission. The TV photos were displayed back on the Earth on a slow-scan TV monitor that was coated with a long-persistence phosphor. Its persistence had been selected to match the nominal maximum frame rate. One frame of TV identification was received for each incoming TV photo, and the picture was displayed in real-time at a rate compatible with that of the incoming image. These data were recorded on a video magnetic-tape recorder. The camera returned 6315 pictures between April 20 and May 3, 1967, including views of the spacecraft itself, panoramic lunar surveys, views of the mechanical surface digger at work, and of an April 24 eclipse of the Sun by the Earth.
  The Apollo 12 Lunar Module landed near Surveyor 3 on November 19, 1969. Astronauts Conrad and Bean examined the spacecraft, and they brought back about 10 kg of parts of the Surveyor to the Earth, including its TV camera, which is now on permanent display in the National Air and Space Museum in Washington, D.C.
caption: Surveyor 3 camera brought back from the Moon by Apollo 12, on display at the National Air and Space Museum
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