page_title: History of the United States (1789–1849)
section_title: Prohibition
hierarchical_section_title: History of the United States (1789–1849) / Age of Reform / Prohibition
caption_attribution_description: English: Boston Manufacturing Company, 1813-1816, Waltham, MA.
context_page_description: George Washington, elected the first president in 1789, worked with the heads of the departments of State, Treasury, and War, along with an Attorney General, the group of which later became known as his cabinet. Based in New York, the new government acted quickly to rebuild the nation's financial structure. Enacting the program of Treasury Secretary Alexander Hamilton, the government assumed the Revolutionary War debts of the states and the national government, and refinanced them with new federal bonds. It paid for the program through new tariffs and taxes; the tax on whiskey led to a revolt in the west; Washington raised an army and suppressed it. The nation adopted a Bill of Rights as 10 amendments to the new constitution. Fleshing out the Constitution's specification of the judiciary as capped by a Supreme Court, the Judiciary Act of 1789 established the entire federal judiciary. The Supreme Court became important under the leadership of Chief Justice John Marshall, a federalist and nationalist who built a strong Supreme Court and strengthened the national government.
  The 1790s were highly contentious.
context_section_description: Alcohol consumption was another target of reformers in the 1850s. Americans drank heavily, which contributed to violent behaviour, crime, health problems, and poor workplace performance. Groups such as the American Temperance Society condemned liquor as a scourge on society and urged temperance among their followers. The state of Maine attempted in 1851 to ban alcohol sales and production entirely, but it met resistance and was abandoned. The prohibition movement was forgotten during the Civil War, but would return in the 1875s.
caption: The Boston Manufacturing Company was organized in 1813 by Francis Cabot Lowell, a wealthy Boston merchant, in partnership with a group of investors known as the Boston Associates, for the manufacture of cotton textiles.[70]
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