page_title: Ulysses (novel)
section_title: Publication history
hierarchical_section_title: Ulysses (novel) / Editions / Publication history
caption_attribution_description: English: Memorial plaque at 12, Rue de l'Odeon Paris, France (where Sylvia Beach's bookstore „Shakespeare &amp; Company“ was located)
context_page_description: Ulysses is a modernist novel by Irish writer James Joyce. It was first serialized in parts in the American journal The Little Review from March 1918 to December 1920 and then published in its entirety in Paris by Sylvia Beach on 2 February 1922, Joyce's 40th birthday. It is considered one of the most important works of modernist literature and has been called "a demonstration and summation of the entire movement." According to Declan Kiberd, "Before Joyce, no writer of fiction had so foregrounded the process of thinking".
  Ulysses chronicles the peripatetic appointments and encounters of Leopold Bloom in Dublin in the course of an ordinary day, 16 June 1904. Ulysses is the Latinised name of Odysseus, the hero of Homer's epic poem the Odyssey, and the novel establishes a series of parallels between the poem and the novel, with structural correspondences between the characters and experiences of Bloom and Odysseus, Molly Bloom and Penelope, and Stephen Dedalus and Telemachus, in addition to events and themes of the early 20th-century context of modernism, Dublin, and Ireland's relationship to Britain.
context_section_description: The publication history of Ulysses is complex. There have been at least 18 editions, and variations in different impressions of each edition.
  According to Joyce scholar Jack Dalton, the first edition of Ulysses contained over two thousand errors but was still the most accurate edition published. As each subsequent edition attempted to correct these mistakes, it incorporated more of its own, a task made more difficult by deliberate errors (See "Episode 17, Ithaca" above) devised by Joyce to challenge the reader.
  Notable editions include:
  the first edition published in Paris on 2 February 1922 (Joyce's 40th birthday) by Sylvia Beach at Shakespeare and Company, 1000 numbered copies printed by Darantiere in Dijon consisting of 100 signed copies on Dutch handmade paper, 150 numbered copies on  vergé d’Arches paper, and 750 copies on handmade paper, plus an extra 20 unnumbered copies on mixed paper for libraries and press.
  the first English edition published by Harriet Shaw Weaver's Egoist Press, London, in October 1922. For legal reasons the book was printed on behalf of Egoist Press by John Rodker, Paris, using the same printer, Darantiere, and plates as the first Paris edition. This edition consisted of 2000 numbered copies on handmade paper for sale plus 100 unnumbered copies for press, publicity and legal deposit libraries. A seven-page errata list compiled by Joyce, Weaver and Rodker was loosely inserted and contained 201 corrections. Approximately 500 copies were burned by the New York Post Office Authorities as noted in later Shakespeare & Co. editions.
  the pirated Samuel Roth edition, published in New York in 1929. The first U.S. edition of the novel, unauthorised by Joyce, was designed to closely mimic the 1927 Shakespeare & Company 9th printing but many errors and corruptions occurred during reproduction. Reportedly 2000–3000 copies were printed but the majority were seized and destroyed by the New York Society for the Suppression of Vice after a raid on his offices on 4 October 1929  A copy of this edition was unknowingly used by Bennett Cerf of Random House as the basis for the first authorised US edition printed in 1934, reproducing many of these errors.
  the Odyssey Press, Hamburg, edition of 1932, issued in two volumes. The title page of this edition states "The present edition may be regarded as the definitive standard edition, as it has been specially revised, at the author’s request, by Stuart Gilbert.". This edition still contained errors but by its fourth revised printing (April 1939) it was considered the most accurate offering of the text and subsequently used as the basis for many publications of Ulysses.
  the 1934 Random House first authorised U.S. edition, published after the decision in United States v. One Book Called Ulysses finding that the book was not obscene (discussed below in "Censorship").
  the first edition printed and published in England, The Bodley Head in 1936.
  the revised Bodley Head edition of 1960
  the revised Modern Library edition of 1961 (reset from the Bodley Head 1960 edition)
  the Gabler critical and synoptic edition of 1984.
caption: Memorial plaque, at 12 Rue de l'Odéon, Paris (the original location of Shakespeare & Co.): "In 1922 Sylvia Beach published James Joyce's Ulysses in this house."
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