page_title: King's College, Cambridge
section_title: Victorian reforms and expansion
hierarchical_section_title: King's College, Cambridge / History / Victorian reforms and expansion
caption_attribution_description: English: Scott's Building, King's College The left hand building of King's College as viewed from Trumpington Street. Note the blue plaque https://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/818431 .
context_page_description: King's College is a constituent college of the University of Cambridge in Cambridge, England. Formally The King's College of Our Lady and Saint Nicholas in Cambridge, the college lies beside the River Cam and faces out onto King's Parade in the centre of the city.
  King's was founded in 1441 by Henry VI soon after he had founded its sister college in Eton. However, the King's plans for the college were disrupted by the Wars of the Roses and the resultant scarcity of funds, as well as his eventual deposition. Little progress was made on the project until in 1508 Henry VII began to take an interest in the college, most likely as a political move to legitimise his new position. The building of the college's chapel, begun in 1446, was finally finished in 1544 during the reign of Henry VIII.
  King's College Chapel is regarded as one of the greatest examples of late Gothic English architecture. It has the world's largest fan vault, while the chapel's stained-glass windows and wooden chancel screen are considered some of the finest from their era. The building is seen as emblematic of Cambridge.
context_section_description: Under the provostship of Richard Okes, from 1850 until his death in 1888, the college began a period of reform.  On 1 May 1851 it was agreed to abolish the privilege of King's members to be granted a degree without passing the university examinations.  In 1861 the college statutes were amended so as to expand the college and, more radically, to allow for the election of non-Etonian King's members: the new statutes provided for forty-six Fellows, twenty-four scholarships reserved for boys from Eton, and twenty-four "open" scholarships for boys from any school.  At the same time all formal obligation to take Holy Orders – unenforced since the seventeenth century – was removed.  The statutes were again amended in 1882, this time ensuring fellowships were not always for life and were awarded on merit after submissions of original research.  In his 1930 memoir As We Were, A Victorian Peep Show, E. F. Benson, an alumnus of King's, recollected the peculiar behaviours of some of the surviving Life Fellows from his undergraduate years of 1887–1890 and before.   Of one he wrote, "He then shuffled out on to the big lawn, with a stick in his hand, and he prodded with it at the worms in the grass, muttering to himself, 'Ah, damn ye: ye haven't got me yet.'" The first non-Etonian students were admitted to study at King's in 1865, and the first non-Etonian scholars and the first non-Etonian fellow were elected in 1873.  These reforms continued over subsequent decades and there are now no special privileges for Etonians at King's.
  The expansion of the college through the 1861 statutes necessitated more building work to accommodate the larger community.  In 1869, the area along King's Parade between the Wilkins' Buildings and King's Lane was built upon after a design by George Gilbert Scott.  When completed a year later, the new courtyard formed was named after Walter Chetwynd, a fellow of the college.  However, after subsequent plans to expand college accommodation fell through, King's opened negotiations to amalgamate with St Catharine's College.  Although St Catharine's had been founded by Robert Woodlark (sometimes spelled Wodelarke), a Provost of King's, the college declined the invitation to combine.  Eventually, in 1893, the east and south wings of another new courtyard within King's – designed by George Frederick Bodley and overlooking the river – were completed.
caption: Scott's Building
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