page_title: Ancestral land conflict in Botswana
section_title: The San People
hierarchical_section_title: Ancestral land conflict in Botswana / Background / The San People
caption_attribution_description: English: Wandering hunters (Masarwa bushmen), North Kalahari Desert Identifier: storyofafricaits03brow (find matches) Title: The story of Africa and its explorers Year: 1892 (1890s) Authors: Brown, Robert, 1842-1895 Subjects: Publisher: London&#160;: Cassell Contributing Library: University of Connecticut Libraries Digitizing Sponsor: Boston Library Consortium Member Libraries View Book Page: Book Viewer About This Book: Catalog Entry View All Images: All Images From Book Click here to view book online to see this illustration in context in a browseable online version of this book. Text Appearing Before Image: ich were at that time at large on theveldt—and he did not observe that she hadwhelps with her. Beginning to halloo in hisusual way, she looked up, growled savagely,and, before he had time to retreat, she sprangat him and destroyed him on the spot. At places, reputed to be sharp for lions,Alexander used to lie down with a dust-mans bell—we are speaking of the first year TO BE HAD FOB THE TAKING. 189 of Queen Victorias reign—at his head, notfor the purpose of summoning anyone todinner, but with the intention of frighteningthe hons from approaching what might betheirs. And, indeed, it was only when gamehad temporarily left the country that thisdreaded marauder became troublesome&#160;; for the warm hides, and roasting the livers forbreakfast, a herd of the magnificent koodooantelopes made its appearance. Then, beforeany of them approached within firing dis-tance, a dancing flock of springbucks engagedattention, and anon two black rhinoceroses,covered with dried mud from the pools of the Text Appearing After Image: WANDERING HUNTERS (MASARWA BUSHMEN), NORTH KALAHARI DESERT. (From a Photograph by Mr. H. A. Bryden.) A plethoraof game. at ordinary times man and oxen need not beattacked. Antelopes and zebras and giraffeswere to be had for the taking;at the foot of the mountainsespecially these animals were rife.One day—and it was not a white-letter one—a cloud of dust ahead heralded the passage ofa large troop of wild horses, some of whichfell to the hunters bullets. While the natives,for lack of water, were squeezing into theirmouths the moisture of the half-diofested grassin the horses stomachs, cutting shoes from Chuntop, in which they had been wallowing,tempted a shot; albeit, this thick-skinned brutewill run away with a bushel of bullets in it, ifthey are fired at any other portion of hisbody except the backbone or behind the jaw.Finally, just to vary the programme, a femalerhinoceros that had been wounded camesnorting along with si. furious rush, and, drivingher horns under a bush, tore i Note About Images Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.
context_page_description: Ancestral land conflict over the Central Kalahari Game Reserve arose in the 1970s between the government of Botswana and the San people, and is ongoing, resulting in one of the most expensive court cases in the history of Botswana.
  In the 1970s, conflict began over the relocation efforts by the government of Botswana, which ultimately led to some resettlement outside of the reserve in the 1990s. Due to the ongoing struggle between the San people and the GOB over land rights, the "First People of the Kalahari," an organization advocating for the rights of the San people was founded. Debates revolve around whether diamond discovery in reserve, could be the motivation for relocation efforts taken by the government of Botswana. In 2002, the government cut off all services to CKGR residents. A legal battle began, and in 2006 the High Court of Botswana ruled that the residents had been forcibly and unconstitutionally removed. The policy of relocation continued, however, and in 2012 the San people appealed to the United Nations to compel the government to recognize their land and resource rights.
context_section_description: The San people (or Basarwa,, formerly known as "Bushmen"), are one of the oldest cultures on Earth; they have lived in the area around the Kalahari Desert much longer than neighboring tribal groups. Much tribal land in Botswana, including land occupied by the San, was lost during European colonization, and the pattern of loss of land and access to natural resources continued after Botswana's independence.  The San have been particularly affected over time by encroachment on the part of majority tribes and non-indigenous farmers onto lands traditionally used by the San. Government policies beginning in the 1970s transferred a significant area of traditionally San land to White settlers and majority agro-pastoralist tribes. Much of the government's policy regarding land tended to favor the dominant Tswana tribe over the minority San and Bakgalagadi peoples. James Anaya, as the Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights and fundamental freedoms of indigenous people for the United Nations, describes loss of land as a major contributor to many of the problems facing Botswana's indigenous people, citing the San's eviction from the Central Kalahari Game Reserve (CKGR) as an especial example.
caption: Wandering hunters (Basarwa Bushmen), North Kalahari desert, c. 1892, from a photograph by Henry Anderson Bryden
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