page_title: Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict
section_title: Syria
hierarchical_section_title: Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict / Involved parties / Iranian supporters and proxies / Syria
caption_attribution_description: English: Liwa Fatemiyoun fighters during the Palmyra offensive (December 2016).
context_page_description: The Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict, sometimes also referred to as the Middle Eastern Cold War, is the ongoing struggle for influence in the Middle East and surrounding regions between the Islamic Republic of Iran and the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The two countries have provided varying degrees of support to opposing sides in nearby conflicts, including the civil wars in Syria and Yemen. The rivalry also extends to disputes in Bahrain, Lebanon, Qatar, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Nigeria, and Morocco, as well as broader competition in North and East Africa, parts of South Asia, Central Asia, and the Caucasus.
  In what has been described as a cold war, the conflict is waged on multiple levels over geopolitical, economic, and sectarian influence in pursuit of regional hegemony. American support for Saudi Arabia and its allies as well as Russian and Chinese support for Iran and its allies have drawn comparisons to the dynamics of the Cold War era, and the proxy conflict has been characterized as a front in what former Russian Prime Minister Dmitry Medvedev has referred to as the "New Cold War".
caption: Iranian-supported Liwa Fatemiyoun fighters during the Palmyra offensive in Syria in December 2016
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