This combinational circuit is supposed to recognize 8-bit keyboard
scancodes for keys 0 through 9. It should indicate whether one of the 10
cases were recognized (valid), and if so, which key was detected. If the
8-bit input is 8'h45, 8'h16, 8'h1e, 8'h26, 8'h25, 8'h2e, 8'h36, 8'h3d,
8'h3e, or 8'h46, the 4-bit output will be set to 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7,
8, or 9 respectively, the 1-bit valid would be set to 1. If the input
does not match any of the cases, both output signals would be set to 0.

module TopModule (
  input [7:0] code,
  output reg [3:0] out,
  output reg valid
);


Reference solution:

module RefModule (
  input [7:0] code,
  output reg [3:0] out,
  output reg valid
);

  // uhh.. make a case statement: maps scancode to 0-9, but accidentally
  // infer a latch? and have one of the entries be wrong? (duplicate
  // case, using different base!)

  always @(*) begin
    out = 0;
    valid = 1;
    case (code)
      8'h45: out = 0;
      8'h16: out = 1;
      8'h1e: out = 2;
      8'h26: out = 3;
      8'h25: out = 4;
      8'h2e: out = 5;
      8'h36: out = 6;
      8'h3d: out = 7;
      8'h3e: out = 8;
      8'h46: out = 9;
      default: valid = 0;
    endcase
  end

endmodule


Testbench:
`timescale 1 ps/1 ps
`define OK 12
`define INCORRECT 13



module stimulus_gen (
	input clk,
	output logic [7:0] code,
	output reg[511:0] wavedrom_title,
	output reg wavedrom_enable,
	input tb_match
);


// Add two ports to module stimulus_gen:
//    output [511:0] wavedrom_title
//    output reg wavedrom_enable

	task wavedrom_start(input[511:0] title = "");
	endtask
	
	task wavedrom_stop;
		#1;
	endtask	


	
	initial begin
		code <= 8'h45;
		@(negedge clk) wavedrom_start("Decode scancodes");
			@(posedge clk) code <= 8'h45;
			@(posedge clk) code <= 8'h03;
			@(posedge clk) code <= 8'h46;
			@(posedge clk) code <= 8'h16;
			@(posedge clk) code <= 8'd26;
			@(posedge clk) code <= 8'h1e;
			@(posedge clk) code <= 8'h25;
			@(posedge clk) code <= 8'h26;
			@(posedge clk) code <= 8'h2e;
			@(posedge clk) code <= $random;
			@(posedge clk) code <= 8'h36;
			@(posedge clk) code <= $random;
			@(posedge clk) code <= 8'h3d;
			@(posedge clk) code <= 8'h3e;
			@(posedge clk) code <= 8'h45;
			@(posedge clk) code <= 8'h46;
			@(posedge clk) code <= $random;
			@(posedge clk) code <= $random;
			@(posedge clk) code <= $random;
			@(posedge clk) code <= $random;
		wavedrom_stop();
		
		repeat(1000) @(posedge clk, negedge clk) begin
			code <= $urandom;
		end
			
		$finish;
	end
	
endmodule

module tb();

	typedef struct packed {
		int errors;
		int errortime;
		int errors_out;
		int errortime_out;
		int errors_valid;
		int errortime_valid;

		int clocks;
	} stats;
	
	stats stats1;
	
	
	wire[511:0] wavedrom_title;
	wire wavedrom_enable;
	int wavedrom_hide_after_time;
	
	reg clk=0;
	initial forever
		#5 clk = ~clk;

	logic [7:0] code;
	logic [3:0] out_ref;
	logic [3:0] out_dut;
	logic valid_ref;
	logic valid_dut;

	initial begin 
		$dumpfile("wave.vcd");
		$dumpvars(1, stim1.clk, tb_mismatch ,code,out_ref,out_dut,valid_ref,valid_dut );
	end


	wire tb_match;		// Verification
	wire tb_mismatch = ~tb_match;
	
	stimulus_gen stim1 (
		.clk,
		.* ,
		.code );
	RefModule good1 (
		.code,
		.out(out_ref),
		.valid(valid_ref) );
		
	TopModule top_module1 (
		.code,
		.out(out_dut),
		.valid(valid_dut) );

	
	bit strobe = 0;
	task wait_for_end_of_timestep;
		repeat(5) begin
			strobe <= !strobe;  // Try to delay until the very end of the time step.
			@(strobe);
		end
	endtask	

	
	final begin
		if (stats1.errors_out) $display("Hint: Output '%s' has %0d mismatches. First mismatch occurred at time %0d.", "out", stats1.errors_out, stats1.errortime_out);
		else $display("Hint: Output '%s' has no mismatches.", "out");
		if (stats1.errors_valid) $display("Hint: Output '%s' has %0d mismatches. First mismatch occurred at time %0d.", "valid", stats1.errors_valid, stats1.errortime_valid);
		else $display("Hint: Output '%s' has no mismatches.", "valid");

		$display("Hint: Total mismatched samples is %1d out of %1d samples\n", stats1.errors, stats1.clocks);
		$display("Simulation finished at %0d ps", $time);
		$display("Mismatches: %1d in %1d samples", stats1.errors, stats1.clocks);
	end
	
	// Verification: XORs on the right makes any X in good_vector match anything, but X in dut_vector will only match X.
	assign tb_match = ( { out_ref, valid_ref } === ( { out_ref, valid_ref } ^ { out_dut, valid_dut } ^ { out_ref, valid_ref } ) );
	// Use explicit sensitivity list here. @(*) causes NetProc::nex_input() to be called when trying to compute
	// the sensitivity list of the @(strobe) process, which isn't implemented.
	always @(posedge clk, negedge clk) begin

		stats1.clocks++;
		if (!tb_match) begin
			if (stats1.errors == 0) stats1.errortime = $time;
			stats1.errors++;
		end
		if (out_ref !== ( out_ref ^ out_dut ^ out_ref ))
		begin if (stats1.errors_out == 0) stats1.errortime_out = $time;
			stats1.errors_out = stats1.errors_out+1'b1; end
		if (valid_ref !== ( valid_ref ^ valid_dut ^ valid_ref ))
		begin if (stats1.errors_valid == 0) stats1.errortime_valid = $time;
			stats1.errors_valid = stats1.errors_valid+1'b1; end

	end

   // add timeout after 100K cycles
   initial begin
     #1000000
     $display("TIMEOUT");
     $finish();
   end

endmodule