module scanchain (
    input wire clk_in,
    input wire data_in,
    input wire scan_select_in,
    input wire latch_enable_in,
    output wire clk_out,
    output wire data_out,
    output wire scan_select_out,
    output wire latch_enable_out,

    // io, names from point of view of the user module
    input wire [NUM_IOS-1:0] module_data_out,
    output wire [NUM_IOS-1:0] module_data_in
    );

    // input buffers
    // Looking at results from multiple projects the buffering is a bit
    // inconsistent. So instead, we ensure at least clk buf
    wire clk;

    sky130_fd_sc_hd__clkbuf_2 input_buf_clk (
        .A          (clk_in),
        .X          (clk),
        .VPWR       (1'b1),
        .VGND       (1'b0)
    );

    // output buffers
    // Same as for input, to try and be more consistent, we make our own
    wire data_out_i;

    sky130_fd_sc_hd__buf_4 output_buffers[3:0] (
        .A          ({clk,     data_out_i, scan_select_in,  latch_enable_in }),
        .X          ({clk_out, data_out,   scan_select_out, latch_enable_out }),
        .VPWR       (1'b1),
        .VGND       (1'b0)
    );

    parameter NUM_IOS = 8;

    // wires needed
    wire [NUM_IOS-1:0] scan_data_out;   // output of the each scan chain flop
    wire [NUM_IOS-1:0] scan_data_in;    // input of each scan chain flop
//    wire [NUM_IOS-1:0] module_data_in;  // the data that enters the user module
 //   wire [NUM_IOS-1:0] module_data_out; // the data from the user module

    // scan chain - link all the flops, with data coming from data_in
    assign scan_data_in = {scan_data_out[NUM_IOS-2:0], data_in};

    // end of the chain is a negedge FF to increase hold margin between blocks
    sky130_fd_sc_hd__dfrtn_1 out_flop (
        .RESET_B    (1'b1),
        .CLK_N      (clk),
        .D          (scan_data_out[NUM_IOS-1]),
        .Q          (data_out_i),
        .VPWR       (1'b1),
        .VGND       (1'b0)
    );

    // scan flops have a mux on their inputs to choose either data from the user module or the previous flop's output
    // https://antmicro-skywater-pdk-docs.readthedocs.io/en/test-submodules-in-rtd/contents/libraries/sky130_fd_sc_ls/cells/sdfxtp/README.html
    `ifndef FORMAL
    `ifndef FORMAL_COMPAT
    sky130_fd_sc_hd__sdfxtp_1 scan_flop [NUM_IOS-1:0] (
        .CLK        (clk), 
        .D          (scan_data_in),
        .SCD        (module_data_out),
        .SCE        (scan_select_in),
        .Q          (scan_data_out),
        .VPWR       (1'b1),
        .VGND       (1'b0)
    );

    // latch is used to latch the input data of the user module while the scan chain is used to capture the user module's outputs
    // https://antmicro-skywater-pdk-docs.readthedocs.io/en/test-submodules-in-rtd/contents/libraries/sky130_fd_sc_hd/cells/dlxtp/README.html
    sky130_fd_sc_hd__dlxtp_1 latch [NUM_IOS-1:0] (
        .D          (scan_data_out),
        .GATE       (latch_enable_in),
        .Q          (module_data_in),
        .VPWR       (1'b1),
        .VGND       (1'b0)
    );
    `endif
    `endif

    /*
    // instantiate the wokwi module
    user_module_USER_MODULE_ID user_module(
        .io_in     (module_data_in),
        .io_out    (module_data_out)
    );
    */

endmodule