Icr Frogs & Toads - Pbk (Deluxe) (I Can Read about (Troll Communications))
by Arctic Aeromedical Laboratory (U.S.), B. J. Luyet, M. Ross, P. M. Gehenio, J. Nath, AMERICAN FOUNDATION FOR BIOLOGICAL RESEARCH MADISON WIS.
Category: Cryobiology

It was found that with skin and digits: (1) The ice particles formed in corresponding strata are generally larger when the freezing temperature is higher. (2) A progressively greater proportion of the organ remains free of ice at the higher freezing temperatures. (3) The only parts of the skin and digit free of ice at all temperatures are the stratum corneum in both the frog and the mouse, the stratum compactum in the frog and the fibrous sheath of the mouse tendon. (4) The epidermis is almost entirely free of ice in frog skin at -1C and in mouse skin at -2C. (5) When ice is formed, the particles are 'very small' in the epidermis, 'medium' to 'large' in the loose connective tissue of the dermis and 'medium' to 'large' in the horizontal connective tissue of the dermis. (6) Ice is present in the tendon of the frog at -5C and -3C, and in that of the mouse at -5C. With excised internal organs it was found that: ice is present throughout the organs frozen at -4C or -5C. (Author).