To prove the charge of conspiracy, within the ambit of Section 120-B, it is necessary to establish that there was an agreement between the parties for doing an unlawful act: Supreme Court of India

Crl.A.@SLP(Crl.)No.54320 IN THE CRIMINAL APPELLATE JURISDICTION CRIMINAL APPEAL NO.1571 OF 2021 Arising out of S.L.P.(Crl.)No.54320 PARVEEN @ SONU The State of Haryana ...Respondent JUDGMENT R. SUBHASH REDDY J This Appeal is directed against the judgment dated 17th March 2020 passed in CRA D No.2310 by the High Court of Punjab and Haryana at Chandigarh whereby the High Court has dismissed the Appeal filed by the appellant accused and upheld the conviction and order of sentence passed by the Additional Sessions Judge Briefly stated the facts of the case as called out from the case of the prosecution are as under On 14.03.2009 the police party was escorting four accused namely Nadeem Naushad Ravi & Sunil from the Crl.A.@SLP(Crl.)No.54320 Central Jail Jaipur and they were to be produced in the Court of CJM Bhiwani. They reached Railway Station Rewari in the morning at 04:30 hrs. They then boarded the train for Bhiwani. When the train reached at Railway Station Nangal Pathani four young boys entered their compartment and attacked the police party in order to rescue the accused who were in police custody and were to be produced in the Court of CJM Bhiwani. The accused who were in custody also tried to escape. They even tried to snatch the official carbine. It is alleged that one of the accused fired upon Head Constable Arjun Singh. In the complaint it was stated that the police overpowered one person who had thrown chilly powder in their eyes and the remaining three accused succeeded in fleeing. The apprehended accused disclosed his name and identity of other assailants. Injured Head Constable Arjun Singh was shifted to hospital who succumbed to fire arm injuries subsequently. After completing investigation all the accused were prosecuted for the offences punishable under Sections 224 225 332 353 392 307 302 120 B of the IPC and Section 25 54 59 of the Arms Act. To prove the guilt of the accused prosecution examined as many as 23 witnesses in support of its case The statements of the accused were also recorded under Crl.A.@SLP(Crl.)No.54320 Section 313 of the Cr.P.C. As they have pleaded that they were innocent and they have been falsely implicated they were tried for the aforesaid offences in the Court of Additional Sessions Judge Rewari in Sessions Case No.32 of 2009. The learned Additional Sessions Judge by judgment dated 14.01.2010 held all the accused guilty for commission of offences punishable under Sections 224 225 332 353 302 r w Section 120 B of the Indian Penal Code. The accused Amarjit Singh and Surender Singh @ Dhattu were further held guilty for commission of offence punishable under Section 25 of the Arms Act. By order dated 18.01.2010 on the quantum of sentence they were sentenced to life imprisonment along with fine of Rs.5 000 each for the offences under Section 302 r w Section 120 B of the Indian Penal Code apart from conviction for other offences as referred above. The sentence for various offences was ordered to Aggrieved by the judgment of conviction and sentence imposed by the Sessions Court the appellant herein and four other accused have preferred separate appeals before the High Court of Punjab and Haryana at Chandigarh. All the appeals were dismissed by common judgment dated 17.03.2020 confirming the conviction and Crl.A.@SLP(Crl.)No.54320 sentence imposed by the Sessions Court. Hence this The 3rd Accused Parveen @ Sonu is appellant in the present Appeal. We were informed that no appeals were preferred by other accused in the common judgment of the We have heard Mr. Rishi Malhotra learned Counsel appearing for the Appellant and Ms. Bansuri Swaraj learned Addl.AG appearing for the respondent State of Haryana and carefully perused the material available on In this Appeal it is contended by learned Counsel for the appellant that though there was no concrete proof to establish the participation of the appellant in the alleged crime the Trial Court as well as the High Court believed the prosecution story in absence of any supporting evidence and convicted him. It is submitted that except the alleged confessional statements of co accused there was no other acceptable evidence to connect the appellant herein to the crime. It is submitted that as per the case of prosecution apart from the police party who were escorting accused in the train there were about 5060 passengers. No independent witness was examined. Out of the four young boys who Crl.A.@SLP(Crl.)No.54320 boarded the train only one was having a country made pistol and fired. There was no TIPconducted. The accused who was apprehended as per the prosecution was only Vinod and all the other three persons fled away. But the other person who is stated to be identified was Amarjit who had fired a shot upon Arjun Singh Head Constable. It is submitted that though there was absolutely no evidence to connect the appellant accused the Trial Court has convicted the appellant in absence of any acceptable evidence to prove the guilt of the appellant. It is submitted that even the High Court except recording the depositions of all the witnesses has not considered any of the grounds urged and dismissed the Appeal. In support of the case of the appellant learned Counsel has relied on the judgment of this Court in the case of Indra Dalal v State Of Haryana1 and the judgment of this Court in the case of Uppa alias Manjunatha v. State of Karnataka2 On the other hand learned Addl.AG appearing for the respondent State supported the view taken by the Courts below. She submitted that there was sufficient material and evidence on record which clearly establishes the guilt of the accused beyond reasonable doubt. It is submitted that there was credible evidence 2015) 11 SCC 31 2013) 14 SCC 729 Crl.A.@SLP(Crl.)No.54320 available on record to believe that appellant was a party to the accused group who conspired together to rescue the other four accused who were being taken by the police party to produce before the Court. Learned Counsel in support of her argument to prove the case of the prosecution of criminal conspiracy has relied on the judgment of this Court in the case of Firozuddin Basheeruddin and Others v. State of Kerala3. Further on the aspect of confessional statements made by the co accused has relied on the judgment of this Court in the case of Raju Manjhi v. State of Bihar4 10. Having heard the learned counsels on either side We have given our thoughtful consideration to the facts and circumstances of the case and the material placed on record. We have also perused depositions of various witnesses which are placed on record. To prove the case the prosecution has examined as many as 23 witnesses PW 1 PW 3 PW 4 PW 7 and PW 21 are doctors. PW 6 is Sub Inspector of Police and he was on duty on 14.03.2009 at Police Station GRP Rewari. In the statement he has referred to the disclosure statement of the other accused by name Vinod which was exhibitted as Ex.PS. In his cross examination he has deposed that several persons were assembled at the place of occurrence but 2001) 7 SCC 596 2019) 12 SCC 784 Crl.A.@SLP(Crl.)No.54320 none of them was ready to join or associate with investigation. PW 16 is ASI Ajit Singh who has deposed that accused Sunil @ Bachhu made a disclosure statement PW 18 is Sub Inspector Pratap Singh who has deposed that on 11.05.2009 stating that he along with other police officials arrested accused Amarjit @ Dana and Surender @ Dattu. He referred to the disclosure statement made by accused Amarjit. PW 20 is Constable Inder Raj who is the eye witness. In his deposition he has stated that when the train reached Railway Station Nangal Pathani four boys aged about 2025 years entered their compartment and one of them was carrying a polythene bag and one other was armed with country made pistol. He too has deposed that apprehended accused was Vinod and he clearly stated that he had thrown chilly powder in their eyes and accused Amarjit who had fired a shot upon Arjun Singh Head Constable. In the cross examination he deposed that there were as many as 5060 passengers in the compartment. It is to be noticed that PW 20 Inder Raj has not referred the name of the appellant accused i.e. Parveen @ Sonu in his deposition. PW 22 is another Constable by name Satbir who has corroborated the statement of PW 20. He too has deposed that accused Vinod had thrown chilly powder on them and other accused by name Amarjit had fired at Crl.A.@SLP(Crl.)No.54320 Arjun Singh Head Constable. PW 23 is Sub Inspector Randhir Singh who deposed that on 14.03.2009 he recorded the statement of Constable Inder Raj 11. The Trial Court has passed the conviction of the appellant herein mainly relying on the medical reports and depositions of PW 20 PW 22 and PW 23. Even according to the case of the prosecution only four accused have entered the train and one of them who was identified as Vinod had thrown chilly powder in their eyes and other accused Amarjit had fired a shot upon Arjun Singh Head Constable. It is also clear from the cross examination of PW 20 that there were about 5060 passengers in the compartment but no one was examined Even PW 22 Constable Satbir who has corroborated the Statement of PW 20 disclosed the names of Vinod and Amarjit Singh only. Except the vague and bald statement that the appellant herein is a member of alleged conspiracy there is no other acceptable evidence on record to prove conspiracy. For the reasons not known in a case of this nature the investigating agency has not conducted TIP (Test Identification Parade). Except the alleged confessional statements of co accused there is no other evidence on record to implicate the appellant. It is also brought to our notice that the appellant was prosecuted for snatching away the Bolero Crl.A.@SLP(Crl.)No.54320 car in Criminal Case No.5309 in the Court of HCS Judicial Magistrate 1st Class Bhiwani he was acquitted of the charge for offences under Sections 392 216 r w Section 34 of the Indian Penal Code and the said judgment has become final 12. It is fairly well settled to prove the charge of conspiracy within the ambit of Section 120 B it is necessary to establish that there was an agreement between the parties for doing an unlawful act. At the same time it is to be noted that it is difficult to establish conspiracy by direct evidence at all but at the same time in absence of any evidence to show meeting of minds between the conspirators for the intended object of committing an illegal act it is not safe to hold a person guilty for offences under Section 120 B of IPC. A few bits here and a few bits there on which prosecution relies cannot be held to be adequate for connecting the accused with the commission of crime of criminal conspiracy. Even the alleged confessional statements of the co accused in absence of other acceptable corroborative evidence is not safe to convict the accused. In the case of Indra Dalal v. State Of Haryana1 this Court has considered the conviction based only on confessional statement and recovery of vehicle used in the crime. In the said case while Crl.A.@SLP(Crl.)No.54320 setting aside the conviction this Court has held in paragraphs 16 & 17 as under “16. The philosophy behind the aforesaid provision is acceptance of a harsh reality that confessions are extorted by the police officers by practising oppression and torture or even inducement and therefore they are unworthy of any credence. The provision absolutely excludes from evidence against the accused a confession made by him to a police officer. This provision applies even to those confessions which are made to a police officer who may not otherwise be acting as such. If he is a police officer and confession was made in his presence in whatever capacity the same becomes inadmissible in evidence. This is the substantive rule of law enshrined under this provision and this strict rule has been reiterated countlessly by this Court as well as the High Courts 17. The word “confession” has nowhere been defined. However the courts have resorted to the dictionary meaning and explained that incriminating statements by the accused to the police suggesting the inference of the commission of the crime would amount to confession and therefore inadmissible under this provision. It is also defined to mean a direct acknowledgment of guilt and not the admission of any incriminating fact however grave or conclusive. Section 26 of the Evidence Act makes all those confessions inadmissible when they are made by any person whilst he is in the custody of a police officer unless such a confession is made in the immediate presence of a Magistrate. Therefore when a person is in police custody the confession made by him even to a third person that is other than a police officer shall also become inadmissible Crl.A.@SLP(Crl.)No.54320 13. Further in the case of Uppa alias Manjunatha v State of Karnataka2 this Court has held that when an accused is held guilty and sentenced to imprisonment confirmation of sentence by the High Court is justifiable only in the event of giving sound reasons upon analysis of material evidence. In the case on hand a perusal of the judgment of the High Court reveals that except referring to depositions High Court has not considered the evidence at all and confirmed the conviction and sentence as ordered by the Trial Court The judgments relied on by the learned Addl.AG in the case of Firozuddin Basheeruddin and Others v. State of Kerala3 and in the case of Raju Manjhi v. State of Bihar4 are not helpful to support the case of prosecution having regard to the facts of the case and evidence on record 14. On close scrutiny of evidence on record we are of the considered view that prosecution has failed to prove its case that the appellant herein has conspired with other accused for the offences for which he was charged Except the alleged confessional statements of the co accused and in absence of any other corroborative evidence it is not safe to maintain the conviction and sentence imposed upon the Appellant. The findings recorded by the Trial Court in convicting the appellant Crl.A.@SLP(Crl.)No.54320 mainly on the ground that he was one of the conspirators for the crime in question is erroneous and illegal. The High Court has not considered the evidence on record in proper perspective and erroneously confirmed the conviction and sentence imposed on the appellant 15. For the aforesaid reasons this appeal is allowed Conviction recorded and sentence imposed on the appellant is hereby set aside and he is acquitted of the charges levelled against him. The appellant be released forthwith unless his custody is required in connection with any other case R. SUBHASH REDDY New Delhi December 07 2021

Summary: It is to be noted that it is difficult to establish a conspiracy by direct evidence at all, but at the same time, in absence of any evidence to show a meeting of minds between the conspirators for the intended object of committing an illegal act, it is not safe to hold a person guilty for offences under Section 120-B of IPC. A few bits here and a few bits thereon which prosecution relies upon, cannot be held to be adequate for connecting the accused with the commission of the crime of criminal conspiracy. Such an opinion was held by the Hon’ble Supreme Court of India before Hon’ble Justice R. SUBHASH REDDY &amp; Hon’ble Justice HRISHIKESH ROY in the matter of PARVEEN @ SONU vs The State of Haryana [CRIMINAL APPEAL NO.1571 OF 2021] on 07.12.2021. 
The facts arising the instant case were that on 14.03.2009, the police party was escorting four accused namely Nadeem, Naushad, Ravi &amp; Sunil from the Central Jail, Jaipur and they were to be produced in the Court of CJM, Bhiwani. They reached Railway Station Rewari, in the morning at 04:30 hrs. They then boarded the train for Bhiwani. When the train reached Railway Station Nangal Pathani, four young boys entered their compartment and attacked the police party in order to rescue the accused. It is alleged that one of the accused fired upon Head Constable Arjun Singh and one Vinod threw chilly powder on the police party, who was overpowered and captured by the police. It is contended by learned Counsel for the appellant that though there was no concrete proof to establish the participation of the appellant in the alleged crime, the Trial Court as well as the High Court believed the prosecution story in absence of any supporting evidence and convicted him. 

The Hon’ble Supreme Court after hearing both the counsels for the parties observed that apart from the confession of a co-accused there is no evidence to suggest the involvement of the appellate in the instant crime. There were 50 to 60 co-passengers in the compartment but no one was examined by the prosecution and the appellate was only convicted mainly relying on the medical reports and depositions of PW-20, PW-22, and PW-23.

Additionally, the Hon’ble Supreme Court referred to the case of Indra Dalal v. State Of Haryana (2015) 11 SCC 31 in which the Hon’ble Supreme Court held that “The philosophy behind the aforesaid provision is acceptance of a harsh reality that confessions are extorted by the police officers by practicing oppression and torture or even inducement and, therefore, they are unworthy of any credence. The provision absolutely excludes from evidence against the accused a confession made by him to a police officer. This provision applies even to those confessions which are made to a police officer who may not otherwise be acting as such. If he is a police officer and confession was made in his presence, in whatever capacity, the same becomes inadmissible in evidence. This is the substantive rule of law enshrined under this provision and this strict rule has been reiterated countlessly by this Court as well as the High Courts. ” Furthermore, the Hon’ble High Court relied on the case of Uppa alias Manjunatha v. State of Karnataka (2013) 14 SCC 729 and held the “ when an accused is held guilty and sentenced to imprisonment, confirmation of sentence by the High Court is justifiable only in the event of giving sound reasons upon analysis of material evidence. In the case on hand, a perusal of the judgment of the High Court reveals that except referring to depositions, High Court has not considered the evidence at all and confirmed the conviction and sentence as ordered by the Trial Court.”

Finally, the Hon’ble Supreme Court set aside the conviction of the accused as the prosecution has failed to prove its case, that the appellant herein, has conspired with other accused for the offenses for which he was charged.
Click Here To Read The Judgment
Judgment Reviewed by: Rohan Kumar Thakur
 The facts arising the instant case were that on 14.03.2009, the police party was escorting four accused namely Nadeem, Naushad, Ravi &amp; Sunil from the Central Jail, Jaipur and they were to be produced in the Court of CJM, Bhiwani. They reached Railway Station Rewari, in the morning at 04:30 hrs. They then boarded the train for Bhiwani. When the train reached Railway Station Nangal Pathani, four young boys entered their compartment and attacked the police party in order to rescue the accused. It is alleged that one of the accused fired upon Head Constable Arjun Singh and one Vinod threw chilly powder on the police party, who was overpowered and captured by the police. It is contended by learned Counsel for the appellant that though there was no concrete proof to establish the participation of the appellant in the alleged crime, the Trial Court as well as the High Court believed the prosecution story in absence of any supporting evidence and convicted him.  
The Hon’ble Supreme Court after hearing both the counsels for the parties observed that apart from the confession of a co-accused there is no evidence to suggest the involvement of the appellate in the instant crime. There were 50 to 60 co-passengers in the compartment but no one was examined by the prosecution and the appellate was only convicted mainly relying on the medical reports and depositions of PW-20, PW-22, and PW-23.

Additionally, the Hon’ble Supreme Court referred to the case of Indra Dalal v. State Of Haryana (2015) 11 SCC 31 in which the Hon’ble Supreme Court held that “The philosophy behind the aforesaid provision is acceptance of a harsh reality that confessions are extorted by the police officers by practicing oppression and torture or even inducement and, therefore, they are unworthy of any credence. The provision absolutely excludes from evidence against the accused a confession made by him to a police officer. This provision applies even to those confessions which are made to a police officer who may not otherwise be acting as such. If he is a police officer and confession was made in his presence, in whatever capacity, the same becomes inadmissible in evidence. This is the substantive rule of law enshrined under this provision and this strict rule has been reiterated countlessly by this Court as well as the High Courts. ” Furthermore, the Hon’ble High Court relied on the case of Uppa alias Manjunatha v. State of Karnataka (2013) 14 SCC 729 and held the “ when an accused is held guilty and sentenced to imprisonment, confirmation of sentence by the High Court is justifiable only in the event of giving sound reasons upon analysis of material evidence. In the case on hand, a perusal of the judgment of the High Court reveals that except referring to depositions, High Court has not considered the evidence at all and confirmed the conviction and sentence as ordered by the Trial Court.”

Finally, the Hon’ble Supreme Court set aside the conviction of the accused as the prosecution has failed to prove its case, that the appellant herein, has conspired with other accused for the offenses for which he was charged.
Click Here To Read The Judgment
Judgment Reviewed by: Rohan Kumar Thakur
 The Hon’ble Supreme Court after hearing both the counsels for the parties observed that apart from the confession of a co-accused there is no evidence to suggest the involvement of the appellate in the instant crime. There were 50 to 60 co-passengers in the compartment but no one was examined by the prosecution and the appellate was only convicted mainly relying on the medical reports and depositions of PW-20, PW-22, and PW-23. 
Additionally, the Hon’ble Supreme Court referred to the case of Indra Dalal v. State Of Haryana (2015) 11 SCC 31 in which the Hon’ble Supreme Court held that “The philosophy behind the aforesaid provision is acceptance of a harsh reality that confessions are extorted by the police officers by practicing oppression and torture or even inducement and, therefore, they are unworthy of any credence. The provision absolutely excludes from evidence against the accused a confession made by him to a police officer. This provision applies even to those confessions which are made to a police officer who may not otherwise be acting as such. If he is a police officer and confession was made in his presence, in whatever capacity, the same becomes inadmissible in evidence. This is the substantive rule of law enshrined under this provision and this strict rule has been reiterated countlessly by this Court as well as the High Courts. ” Furthermore, the Hon’ble High Court relied on the case of Uppa alias Manjunatha v. State of Karnataka (2013) 14 SCC 729 and held the “ when an accused is held guilty and sentenced to imprisonment, confirmation of sentence by the High Court is justifiable only in the event of giving sound reasons upon analysis of material evidence. In the case on hand, a perusal of the judgment of the High Court reveals that except referring to depositions, High Court has not considered the evidence at all and confirmed the conviction and sentence as ordered by the Trial Court.”

Finally, the Hon’ble Supreme Court set aside the conviction of the accused as the prosecution has failed to prove its case, that the appellant herein, has conspired with other accused for the offenses for which he was charged.
Click Here To Read The Judgment
Judgment Reviewed by: Rohan Kumar Thakur
 Additionally, the Hon’ble Supreme Court referred to the case of Indra Dalal v. State Of Haryana (2015) 11 SCC 31 in which the Hon’ble Supreme Court held that “The philosophy behind the aforesaid provision is acceptance of a harsh reality that confessions are extorted by the police officers by practicing oppression and torture or even inducement and, therefore, they are unworthy of any credence. The provision absolutely excludes from evidence against the accused a confession made by him to a police officer. This provision applies even to those confessions which are made to a police officer who may not otherwise be acting as such. If he is a police officer and confession was made in his presence, in whatever capacity, the same becomes inadmissible in evidence. This is the substantive rule of law enshrined under this provision and this strict rule has been reiterated countlessly by this Court as well as the High Courts. ” Furthermore, the Hon’ble High Court relied on the case of Uppa alias Manjunatha v. State of Karnataka (2013) 14 SCC 729 and held the “ when an accused is held guilty and sentenced to imprisonment, confirmation of sentence by the High Court is justifiable only in the event of giving sound reasons upon analysis of material evidence. In the case on hand, a perusal of the judgment of the High Court reveals that except referring to depositions, High Court has not considered the evidence at all and confirmed the conviction and sentence as ordered by the Trial Court.” 
Finally, the Hon’ble Supreme Court set aside the conviction of the accused as the prosecution has failed to prove its case, that the appellant herein, has conspired with other accused for the offenses for which he was charged.