Repository: tobymao/sqlglot
Issue category: Bug Report

BUG(duckdb): Compiling STRUCTs throws away field name info, which is sometimes needed
**Fully reproducible code snippet**
```python
import sqlglot
print(sqlglot.__version__)
# 25.28.1.dev12

inp = """SELECT CAST({'i':1, 's':'foo'} AS STRUCT("s" TEXT, "i" INT));"""
e = sqlglot.parse_one(inp, "duckdb")
actual = e.sql("duckdb")
print(actual)
# SELECT CAST(ROW(1, 'foo') AS STRUCT("s" TEXT, "i" INT));
```

If you run `actual` on https://shell.duckdb.org/, you get "Conversion Error: Could not convert string 'foo' to INT32".
This is because the names of the fields is important, and the simple `(ROW(1, 'foo')` that is currently given as output isn't adequate for this usage.

I would expect that `actual == inp`. I think this should work even if the struct values are columns instead of literals, eg `{'i':my_int_col, 's':my_str_col}` should roundtrip exactly.

I originally found this in [this ibis issue](https://github.com/ibis-project/ibis/issues/10417), but I think this should be fixed at the sqlglot level. Curious if you will agree.



Functions to edit:
sqlglot/dialects/duckdb.py:_struct_sql

Patch:
diff --git a/sqlglot/dialects/duckdb.py b/sqlglot/dialects/duckdb.py
index bf1abe2f1d..a183a883f5 100644
--- a/sqlglot/dialects/duckdb.py
+++ b/sqlglot/dialects/duckdb.py
@@ -156,18 +156,24 @@ def _struct_sql(self: DuckDB.Generator, expression: exp.Struct) -> str:
 
     # BigQuery allows inline construction such as "STRUCT<a STRING, b INTEGER>('str', 1)" which is
     # canonicalized to "ROW('str', 1) AS STRUCT(a TEXT, b INT)" in DuckDB
-    # The transformation to ROW will take place if a cast to STRUCT / ARRAY of STRUCTs is found
+    # The transformation to ROW will take place if:
+    #  1. The STRUCT itself does not have proper fields (key := value) as a "proper" STRUCT would
+    #  2. A cast to STRUCT / ARRAY of STRUCTs is found
     ancestor_cast = expression.find_ancestor(exp.Cast)
-    is_struct_cast = ancestor_cast and any(
-        casted_type.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.STRUCT)
-        for casted_type in ancestor_cast.find_all(exp.DataType)
+    is_bq_inline_struct = (
+        (expression.find(exp.PropertyEQ) is None)
+        and ancestor_cast
+        and any(
+            casted_type.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.STRUCT)
+            for casted_type in ancestor_cast.find_all(exp.DataType)
+        )
     )
 
     for i, expr in enumerate(expression.expressions):
         is_property_eq = isinstance(expr, exp.PropertyEQ)
         value = expr.expression if is_property_eq else expr
 
-        if is_struct_cast:
+        if is_bq_inline_struct:
             args.append(self.sql(value))
         else:
             key = expr.name if is_property_eq else f"_{i}"
@@ -175,7 +181,7 @@ def _struct_sql(self: DuckDB.Generator, expression: exp.Struct) -> str:
 
     csv_args = ", ".join(args)
 
-    return f"ROW({csv_args})" if is_struct_cast else f"{{{csv_args}}}"
+    return f"ROW({csv_args})" if is_bq_inline_struct else f"{{{csv_args}}}"
 
 
 def _datatype_sql(self: DuckDB.Generator, expression: exp.DataType) -> str:

Test patch: diff --git a/tests/dialects/test_duckdb.py b/tests/dialects/test_duckdb.py
index 5b3b2a4ff4..3d4fe9cc4a 100644
--- a/tests/dialects/test_duckdb.py
+++ b/tests/dialects/test_duckdb.py
@@ -1154,6 +1154,7 @@ def test_cast(self):
         self.validate_identity("CAST(x AS BINARY)", "CAST(x AS BLOB)")
         self.validate_identity("CAST(x AS VARBINARY)", "CAST(x AS BLOB)")
         self.validate_identity("CAST(x AS LOGICAL)", "CAST(x AS BOOLEAN)")
+        self.validate_identity("""CAST({'i': 1, 's': 'foo'} AS STRUCT("s" TEXT, "i" INT))""")
         self.validate_identity(
             "CAST(ROW(1, ROW(1)) AS STRUCT(number BIGINT, row STRUCT(number BIGINT)))"
         )
@@ -1163,11 +1164,11 @@ def test_cast(self):
         )
         self.validate_identity(
             "CAST([[STRUCT_PACK(a := 1)]] AS STRUCT(a BIGINT)[][])",
-            "CAST([[ROW(1)]] AS STRUCT(a BIGINT)[][])",
+            "CAST([[{'a': 1}]] AS STRUCT(a BIGINT)[][])",
         )
         self.validate_identity(
             "CAST([STRUCT_PACK(a := 1)] AS STRUCT(a BIGINT)[])",
-            "CAST([ROW(1)] AS STRUCT(a BIGINT)[])",
+            "CAST([{'a': 1}] AS STRUCT(a BIGINT)[])",
         )
         self.validate_identity(
             "STRUCT_PACK(a := 'b')::json",
@@ -1175,7 +1176,7 @@ def test_cast(self):
         )
         self.validate_identity(
             "STRUCT_PACK(a := 'b')::STRUCT(a TEXT)",
-            "CAST(ROW('b') AS STRUCT(a TEXT))",
+            "CAST({'a': 'b'} AS STRUCT(a TEXT))",
         )
 
         self.validate_all(