Study of Safety and Functional Imaging of cG250 and Sunitinib in Patients With Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma

This clinical trial explores the safety, efficacy, and effects on functional imaging of cG250 monoclonal antibody (mAb) administered intravenously weekly in combination with daily oral sunitinib, in patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma.

This study explores the safety, efficacy and effects on functional imaging of the combination of cG250 and sunitinib in patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma (kidney cancer).

When kidney cancer has spread beyond the kidney, it is usually not possible to cure it with surgery. Other treatments such as radiotherapy or chemotherapy are also of limited value. Kidney cancers often rely on certain proteins for their growth, particularly proteins that affect the ways that blood vessels grow into the cancer. Ingrowth of blood vessels supplies cancer cells with oxygen and nutrition; without the blood vessels, cancer deposits can not grow in size. When growth of the blood vessels is blocked, established cancers may stop growing or may shrink. This has been shown to work for some drugs that target this process in kidney cancers. One of these drugs is called sunitinib.

A protein, called G250, is also thought to be important in helping kidney cancers to grow. G250 is found on the cell surface of many kidney cancers. One possible method of interfering with the function of G250 is to target G250 with an antibody known as cG250. Clinical trials with cG250 have shown it to be safe, to home in on kidney cancer cells, and to persist in the blood and the cancer tissue for a long period of time.

The main purpose of this study is to explore whether the combination of sunitinib and cG250 is safe in patients with advanced kidney cancer. The study will also assess whether this combination is able to cause kidney cancer to shrink; will determine where cG250 travels within the body, whether the immune system reacts to the cG250 and whether sunitinib affects that; and whether the combination affects how kidney cancers grow or how blood flows within the tumour.

Eligible patients will receive cG250 10 mg/m² by weekly intravenous infusion for five weeks, followed by a two-week break (one cycle). The first and fifth dose will be trace-labeled with a radioactive substance (124I-cG250) detectable by a special scan called a Positron Emission Tomography (PET scan) to allow studies of the distribution of cG250. Sunitinib 50 mg by daily oral dose will also be given for 4 weeks (commencing on day 8 of the first treatment cycle), followed by a two-week break. Up to two cycles of treatment will be given. If a second cycle is given, cG250 will be given as four weekly doses and daily sunitinib will start on the same day. No 124I-cG250 will be administered after the first treatment cycle.

The extent of the kidney cancer will be assessed by Computed tomography (CT) at baseline and at the end of each treatment cycle. Safety assessments (physical examination, blood tests, gated cardiac blood pool scan, ECG-heart trace) will be performed at the beginning of each treatment cycle, repeated throughout the cycle and end of study. A number of blood tests and PET scans will be done in the first cycle to show how and in what amounts the 124I-cG250 distributes in the body. Other PET scans (18F-2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose fluorodeoxyglucose {\[18\]F-FDG}) and 15O-water {\[15\]O-H2O}) will be performed to allow assessment of tumour growth and blood flow. Blood tests will also show whether the immune system recognises the infused cG250 by making an antibody against it.

A total of 14 patients were expected to be recruited; 8 were consented and 6 received study treatment.

Eligibility Criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

* Metastatic or unresectable Renal Cell Cancer (with clear cell component).
* Measurable disease by RECIST on CT with at least one measurable lesion 2 cm or greater in diameter, which is deemed to be assessable by PET imaging.
* At least 4 weeks after chemotherapy, radiotherapy or immunotherapy (6 weeks for nitrosourea drugs).
* Expected survival at least 3 months.
* Karnofsky performance status (KPS) of 70% or greater.
* Age 18 years or older.
* Vital laboratory parameters within normal, or protocol specified ranges.
* Left ventricular ejection fraction greater than 55% on GCBP scan.
* Systolic blood pressure ≤150mmHg and diastolic blood pressure ≤90mmHg.
* Able to give written informed consent.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Prior exposure to cG250 monoclonal antibody (exception: no circulating human anti-chimeric antibody to cG250).
* Prior treatment with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-targeting agents (e.g. bevacizumab) or multi-kinase inhibitors (e.g. sorafenib) not including sunitinib. (Patients currently receiving sunitinib may be eligible if tolerating a stable dose of sunitinib on a four week on / two week off regimen, with toxicity due to sunitinib ≤ CTCAE grade 2; and for whom the investigator deems it clinically reasonable to withhold sunitinib for at least four weeks prior to commencement of study treatment.)
* Active central nervous system (CNS) metastases (exception: CNS metastases adequately treated (surgery or radiotherapy) with no progression for at least three months).
* Known HIV positivity.
* Clinically significant heart disease.
* History of hypertension requiring hospitalisation.
* Other serious illnesses, eg, serious infections requiring antibiotics, bleeding disorders.
* Major surgery or radiation therapy within 4 weeks prior to, or planned within 6 weeks of starting the study treatment. (Prior palliative radiotherapy to metastatic lesion(s) permitted, provided at least one measurable lesion was not irradiated or has progressed following radiotherapy.)
* Severe haemorrhage within 4 weeks prior to starting the study treatment.
* Any of the following within the 12 months prior to study drug administration: myocardial infarction, severe/unstable angina, coronary/peripheral artery bypass graft, symptomatic congestive heart failure, cerebrovascular accident or transient ischemic attack, or pulmonary embolism.
* Pre-existing thyroid abnormality with unstable thyroid function despite medication.
* Ongoing moderate to severe cardiac dysrhythmias, any severity of atrial fibrillation, or prolongation of the corrected QT interval (QTc) to greater than 450 millisecond for males or 470 millisecond for females.
* Participation in a clinical trial involving another investigational agent within 4 weeks.
* Pregnancy or breastfeeding.
* Women of childbearing potential not using a medically acceptable means of contraception.
* Psychiatric or addictive disorders that may compromise the ability to give informed consent.
* Not available for follow-up assessment.