Safety, Efficacy, and PK of Topical Paromomycin/Gentamicin Cream for Treatment of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis

The objectives of the study are to evaluate the safety, pharmacokinetics (PK), and efficacy of open label treatment with WR 279,396 (Topical Paromomycin/Gentamicin Cream)in subjects with cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL).

Subjects will be screened over a period of up to 14 days prior to first treatment, and will receive treatment once daily for 20 days. Safety will be assessed by monitoring AEs, lesion site reactions, vital signs, hematology, and blood chemistry parameters.

Complete cure of ulcerated lesions is defined as 100% re-epithelialization or a measurement of ulceration of 0 x 0 mm. non-ulcerated treated lesions will also be measured to monitor total area of exposure of lesions to study drug and will be evaluated for cure (the absence of raised area on the skin).

Follow-up evaluations will be at 28 +2 days, 60 +7 days and 100 +14 days.

Eligibility Criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

* Subjects must be male or female military health care beneficiary of any race or ethnicity and at least 18 years of age
* Subjects must give written informed consent.
* Subjects must have a diagnosis of CL in at least one lesion by at least one of the following methods: 1) positive culture for promastigotes; 2) microscopic identification of amastigotes in stained lesion tissue; 3) positive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay; and/or 4) prior diagnosis of CL within 14 days of the start of treatment.
* Subjects must have at least one ulcerative lesion ≥ 1 cm and \< 5 cm, that meets the criteria for an index lesion (Larger lesions will be accepted for treatment, but these will not be included in the primary evaluation of efficacy).
* Subjects must be willing to forego other forms of treatments for CL including other investigational treatment during the study.
* Subjects must be capable of understanding and complying with the protocol (in the opinion of the investigator).
* Subjects must expect to be located in the Washington DC metropolitan area for at least the duration of the screening, 20-day treatment period, and Day 28 +/- 2 days follow-up visit.
* Subjects who are female and of child-bearing potential, must have a negative pregnancy test during screening and agree to use an acceptable method of birth control during the treatment phase and for 1 month after treatment is completed.
* Subject has adequate venous access for blood draws, if consented to the PK part of study.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Subject has had a prior diagnosis of leishmaniasis where all lesions had healed.
* Subject has only a single lesion whose characteristics include any of the following: verrucous or nodular lesion (non-ulcerative), lesion \<1 cm in its greatest diameter, lesion in a location that in the opinion of the Investigator is difficult to maintain application of study drug topically.
* Subject has a lesion due to Leishmania that involves the mucosa or palate.
* Subject has signs and symptoms of disseminated disease.
* Subject is a female who is breast-feeding.
* Subject has an active malignancy or history of solid, metastatic or hematologic malignancy with the exception of basal or squamous cell carcinoma of the skin that has been removed.
* Subject has significant organ abnormality, chronic disease such as diabetes, severe hearing loss, evidence of renal or hepatic dysfunction, or creatinine, AST, or ALT greater than the upper limit of normal as defined by the clinical laboratory normal ranges.
* Subject has received treatment for leishmaniasis including thermosurgery (ThermoMed™) or any medication with pentavalent antimony including sodium stibogluconate (Pentostam), meglumine antimoniate (Glucantime); amphotericin B (including liposomal amphotericin B and amphotericin B deoxycholate); WR 279,396; or other medications containing paromomycin (administered parenterally or topically) or methylbenzethonium chloride (MBCL); gentamicin; fluconazole; ketoconazole; pentamidine; or allopurinol within 4 weeks of starting study treatment.
* Subject has a history of known or suspected hypersensitivity or idiosyncratic reactions to aminoglycosides.
* Subject has any other topical disease/condition which interferes with the objectives of this study.