Healthy Lifestyle Promotion as Adjunctive Teletherapy for Treatment-resistant Major Depression

The main objective of the study will be to evaluate the effectiveness of an adjuvant lifestyle-based intervention for treatment-resistant patients with major depressive disorder. Patients will be allocated to one of these three groups: 1)Treatment prescribed by their mental health team plus written lifestyle change suggestions 2)Treatment prescribed by their mental health team plus written lifestyle change suggestions plus 8-week Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) program 3) Treatment prescribed by their mental health team plus written lifestyle change suggestions plus 8-week lifestyle change promotion program. We will collect patient data using the questionnaires administered at baseline, immediately after the intervention, and at six and 12-month follow-up. The primary outcome will be depression severity and secondary outcomes will include health-related quality of life.

Depression is a very prevalent, incapacitating illness. The treatment available (psychotherapy and drug therapy) do not always manage to achieve complete remission of the symptoms or prevent its relapses or recurrences. For that reason, it is still necessary to investigate new adjuvant therapeutic antidepressant alternatives, especially if they can add efficacy to the treatment without reducing tolerance and safety. In the last few years, data have been growing about the usefulness of having patients who are depressed make specific changes in their lifestyles.

The main objective of the study will be to evaluate the effectiveness and efficiency of an adjuvant lifestyle-based intervention for treatment-resistant patients with major depressive disorder. Patients will be allocated to one of these three groups: 1)Treatment prescribed by their mental health team plus written lifestyle change suggestions 2)Treatment prescribed by their mental health team plus written lifestyle change suggestions plus 8-week MBCT program 3) Treatment prescribed by their mental health team plus written lifestyle change suggestions plus 8-week lifestyle change promotion program. Two control groups were designed: placebo-control (written lifestyle change suggestion) and active-control (MBCT). We selected this adjuvant therapy because MBCT has shown positive results as an adjunctive treatment for resistant depression in previous studies and it could be administered in a similar format as our intervention (8-weeks lifestyle change promotion program). We hypothesize that the lifestyle change promotion program at 12 months of follow-up will be more effective because patients will have better adherence to this intervention than to MBCT.

This study will be carried out during the COVID-19 pandemic, therefore the administration of the intervention will be administered by teletherapy. Different ways and technologies will be used to contact participants remotely: telephone calls, text messages, WhatsApp groups, and teleconferences.

We will collect patient data using the questionnaires administered at baseline, immediately after the intervention, and at six and 12-month follow-up. The primary outcome will be measured using the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II). Secondary outcomes will include Clinical Global Impressions (CGI) Scale, to quantify and track patient progress and treatment response over time and Health-related quality of life measured using the European Quality of Life-5 Dimensions Questionnaire (EQ-5D).

Eligibility Criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

* Individuals aged 18 or older.
* Diagnosis of Major Depressive Disorder as stated by the DSM-5.
* Two previous treatment failures (non-response to an adequate dose of potentially effective medication for an adequate length of time or treatment intolerance or refusal) in the current episode.
* At least one month of treatment with a psychiatrist and/or psychologist in the current episode.
* Physical and cognitive aptitudes to understand and give written informed consent.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Comorbidity with other medical conditions which would affect the Central Nervous System (CNS).
* Other severe psychiatric disorders (except for anxiety disorders or personality disorders)
* Other non-controlled severe medical diseases, infectious or degenerative which would interfere with affective symptomatology or the adherence to the hygienic-dietary recommendations.
* Patients with delusions or hallucinations which are congruent or non-congruent with mood.
* Patients with an important risk for suicide