Fit for Dialysis: Research-based Film as a Knowledge Translation Strategy

Exercise training for older hemodialysis patients can greatly improve many of the negative effects and poor health outcomes associated with end-stage kidney disease. Exercise has yet to be incorporated effectively and systematically into routine care. Exercise programs remain rare. When such programs are implemented, their participation rates vary, and they neglect home and community-based activities, as well as the involvement of family caregivers to support and reinforce exercise. This study is intended to address these limitations by introducing a highly accessible and compelling educational film, Fit for Dialysis, designed to introduce, motivate, and sustain exercise for wellness amongst older hemodialysis patients, and exercise counseling and support by family caregivers, nephrologists, and nurses. The objective of this clinical trial is to determine whether and in what ways Fit for Dialysis improves outcomes and influences knowledge/attitudes regarding the importance of exercise-based principles of wellness in the context of end-stage renal disease. Ultimately Fit for Dialysis could be used as a model for dialysis education that supports guideline recommendations that exercise be incorporated into the care and treatment of dialysis patients.

The study introduces a highly accessible and compelling educational film designed to introduce, motivate, and sustain patient exercise for wellness amongst older hemodialysis patients, and exercise counseling and support by nephrology staff and family caregivers. Fit for Dialysis is a filmed drama that is based on focus group research with older hemodialysis patients, family caregivers, and health care practitioners that highlighted patients' desire to exercise as well as discouragement of patients to do so by overprotective families, and nurses' preferences for patient sedentariness during hemodialysis. Fit for Dialysis was tailored to the exigencies of out-patient hemodialysis settings by acknowledging and providing a roadmap to overcome the disciplinary silos and paternalism towards patients which inhibit exercise during hemodialysis, and highlighting some of the life circumstances that may influence patients' self-management of exercise behaviours at home and in the community.

In order to advance our understanding of the ways in which Fit for Dialysis influences participant outcomes, a prospective 2-site parallel intervention trial will be implemented that will compare the film + a 16-week exercise program in one hospital, with a 16-week exercise-only program in another hospital. Each hospital will have a 12-week follow-up. Qualitative and quantitative methods will be used including semi-structured interviews, and physical fitness and activity measures. These data will be used to explore the impact of Fit for Dialysis on: the knowledge/attitudes of patients, family caregivers, and staff regarding exercise-based principles of wellness; the education, motivation, or maintenance of patient exercise during dialysis, at home, and in the community; adherence to exercise prescription; and patient physical fitness and activity outcomes. The study will also explore factors related to family caregivers, nephrologists, nurses, and hospital administrators, and patients' home and community environments that may impact the successful uptake of the key messages of Fit for Dialysis.

In the intervention site (film+exercise hospital), 30 patients will view Fit for Dialysis and participate in the exercise program; at the exercise-only hospital, 30 patients will only exercise. A family caregiver of each participating patient will either view Fit for Dialysis and read an information letter on the benefits and contraindications of exercise (in the film+exercise hospital), or will only read the information letter (in the exercise-only hospital). In the film+exercise hospital, five nephrologists, 10 nurses and 3 administrators will also view the film. In both hospitals, 10 patients, 10 family caregivers, 10 nurses, 5 nephrologists, 3 administrators, and the physiotherapist assistants will be interviewed.

Eligibility Criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

* Have conversational ability in English
* Have a medical diagnosis of hemodialysis-dependent end-stage renal disease
* Are a registered hemodialysis patient in the hospital for at least 3 months
* Receive ≥ 2 in-centre hemodialysis sessions per week
* Are ambulatory (with or without aids)
* Are deemed medically eligible by their nephrologist to participate in an exercise program that includes stretching, strengthening, and cardiovascular components
* Have a family caregiver who agrees to participate in the exercise program and keep a log of exercises on non-dialysis days

Exclusion Criteria:

* Currently participating in regular physical activity (structured exercise that includes a cardiovascular and/or strengthening component ≥ 3 times/week for ≥ 10 min/session