Relationship Between Blood Groups , Iron Deficiency Anemia and Helicobacter Pylori in Children.

Iron-deﬁciency anemia (IDA) represents a global public health problem which has a signiﬁcant impact on human health and social and economic development. Inadequate iron intake, chronic blood loss and impaired iron absorption are among the causes of IDA There are an association between H. pylori infection and IDA, but the biological explanation for H. pylori infection causing iron-deﬁciency anemia remains unknown. Initially, sideropenic anemia was considered to be caused by occult blood loss due to chronic superﬁcial active gastritis caused by H. pylori, but subsequent studies did not conﬁrm this theory . H. pylori infection can cause disorders in iron assimilation and increased iron requirements. Hypoacidity caused by pangastritis and a low level of ascorbic acid in the stomach of patients infected with H. pylori may affect the absorption of iron in the duodenum . In addition, levels of lactoferrin gastric mucosa (an iron-binding protein) are high in patients infected with iron-deﬁcient H. pylori, showing a possible role between increased lactoferrin sequestration and iron utilization by the body . H. pylori also competes with the host for available food grade iron. H. pylori has several iron acquisition systems, which can capture iron available in the microenvironment of the stomach lumen . Moreover, there are studies that indicate that an iron-deﬁciency anemia which does not respond to iron therapy can be resolved by eradicating H. pylori from the stomach . ABO blood group seem to be looked into as risks for H. pylori related stomach malignancy, nevertheless, there are actually inconsistent scientific studies because of numerous confounding outcomes. Blood group antigens have the receptor properties for toxins, parasitic organisms and bacteria, exactly where this bacteria could assist in annexation or intrusion and avert multitude approval components .

Iron-deﬁciency anemia (IDA) represents a global public health problem which has a signiﬁcant impact on human health and social and economic development. Inadequate iron intake, chronic blood loss and impaired iron absorption are among the causes of IDA There are an association between H. pylori infection and IDA, but the biological explanation for H. pylori infection causing iron-deﬁciency anemia remains unknown. Initially, sideropenic anemia was considered to be caused by occult blood loss due to chronic superﬁcial active gastritis caused by H. pylori, but subsequent studies did not conﬁrm this theory . H. pylori infection can cause disorders in iron assimilation and increased iron requirements. Hypoacidity caused by pangastritis and a low level of ascorbic acid in the stomach of patients infected with H. pylori may affect the absorption of iron in the duodenum . In addition, levels of lactoferrin gastric mucosa (an iron-binding protein) are high in patients infected with iron-deﬁcient H. pylori, showing a possible role between increased lactoferrin sequestration and iron utilization by the body . H. pylori also competes with the host for available food grade iron. H. pylori has several iron acquisition systems, which can capture iron available in the microenvironment of the stomach lumen . Moreover, there are studies that indicate that an iron-deﬁciency anemia which does not respond to iron therapy can be resolved by eradicating H. pylori from the stomach . ABO blood group seem to be looked into as risks for H. pylori related stomach malignancy, nevertheless, there are actually inconsistent scientific studies because of numerous confounding outcomes. Blood group antigens have the receptor properties for toxins, parasitic organisms and bacteria, exactly where this bacteria could assist in annexation or intrusion and avert multitude approval components .

Eligibility Criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

* Children from both sexes their ages ranged from 4-18 years.
* Children who are diagnosed to have H. Pylori infection.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Children less than 4 years and more than 18 years.
* Children with chronic illnesses (e.g. CRF, CHF or chronic hemolytic anemias).
* Children who are receiving iron supplementation or multivitamins containing iron.