Evaluation of Biomechanical Modifications of the Neuromuscular Spine Fixed by Bipolar Construct

Neuromuscular scoliosis are caused by a disorder of the brain, spinal cord or muscular system and often progressive at early age. Conservative treatment is not sufficient to maintain trunk and pelvic balance, and surgical treatment is frequently required. Early definitive spine fusion has the disadvantage of cessation of trunk growth with concomitant effects on lung development. Growth preserving spine surgeries are increasingly used but with high complication rates.

The orthopaedic team at Necker Hospital Enfants maladies, Paris, France has developed an innovative fusionless surgery based on a bipolar spine construct, performed by a minimally invasive approach. The first 100 patients operated on with this technique had an average follow-up of 6.5 years. No arthrodesis, initially planned in adolescence, was necessary thanks to the stability of the correction of the deformities even after skeletal maturation.

The main objective of the study was to analyze the progressive spinal stiffening, using muscle and disc elastography, in neuromuscular patients instrumented with this bipolar construct.

Neuromuscular scoliosis is related to muscle tone abnormalities with a prognosis worsen by damage to the axial and respiratory muscles.

The classic treatment for these scoliosis consists of conservative treatment (physiotherapy, bracing), followed by arthrodesis in adolescence. Arthrodesis consists of a global posterior spinal fusion, with a high risk of septic and hemorrhagic complications.

In cases of early and rapidly progressive deformities, fusionless techniques allow the preservation of growth while waiting for arthrodesis. However, these techniques have a high rate of complications, particularly of mechanical and infectious origin, which led the orthopedic team at Necker Hospital, Paris, France to develop an innovative technique. This technique is based on bipolar construct, performed by a minimally invasive approach. The first 100 patients operated on have an average follow-up of 6.5 years. No arthrodesis, initially planned in adolescence for these patients, was necessary, thanks to the stability of the correction even after skeletal maturation.

The main objective of the study was to analyze the progressive spinal stiffening, using muscle and disc elastography, in neuromuscular patients instrumented with this bipolar construct.

Eligibility Criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

* Minor patients between 10 and \<18 years old, presenting a neuromuscular pathology, with progressive scoliosis, to undergo for their clinical care a fusionless surgery based on a bipolar spine construct, performed by a minimally invasive approach
* Minor patients between 10 and \<18 years old, presenting a neuromuscular pathology such as encephalopathy / infantile spinal amyotrophy / myopathy, without progressive scoliosis
* Minor patients between 10 and \<18 years old, healthy controls, followed in orthopedics for a pathology other than neuromuscular or spinal deformity
* Written informed consent

Exclusion Criteria:

* No social insurance
* Severe mental retardation or severe dystonia making data acquisition impossible or requiring sedation
* Patients with gastrostomy or tracheostomy