Shared Decision Making in Diabetes Prevention for Women With a History of GDM

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a risk factor for the development of Type 2 diabetes. Lifestyle change and metformin are equally effective in preventing diabetes in patients with a history of GDM, so these women should choose a strategy based on their preferences and values, which may vary by race/ethnicity. This proposal will engage 32 women in shared decision making about diabetes prevention.

The Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) demonstrated that intensive lifestyle change and metformin both prevent or delay Type 2 diabetes (T2DM), but uptake of either approach has been minimal. The research team is implementing a shared decision-making (SDM) intervention for diabetes prevention funded by the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease (NIDDK; R18 DK105464). In this clinic-based pragmatic trial, the Prediabetes Informed Decisions and Education (PRIDE) study, pharmacists engage patients with prediabetes in evidence-based diabetes prevention using an SDM framework. The research team reached the recruitment goal (n=350) more than 15 months ahead of schedule and enrolled 1.5 times the number of projected participants (n=515), including 56% from racial/ethnic minority groups. PRIDE has been highly successful in treatment engagement, as 85% of participants chose either lifestyle change or metformin. Furthermore, among patients who have reached 12-month follow-up, PRIDE participants as a group have lost more weight than matched controls (-5.2 lbs. vs. -0.29 lbs., p\<0.001).

PRIDE targets both men and women with prediabetes. Only five PRIDE participants had a history of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) during a prior pregnancy. GDM is more common among minority women and a history of a GDM diagnosis is one of the most significant risk factors for incident type 2 diabetes, increasing the risk of developing T2DM upwards of sevenfold. The research team is planning to pilot an SDM intervention for women with a history of GDM. This project would advance a patient-centered approach to increase uptake of both evidence-based diabetes prevention strategies among the subgroup of minority women at the highest risk of progression to T2DM.

In the proposed project, the research team plans to enroll women with a history of GDM in a pilot study, tracking their choice of diabetes prevention strategy and their weight change over time. Importantly, the pilot will enable the research team to estimate the sample size for a future, multi-center study to engage women with a history of GDM in SDM for diabetes prevention. The project's specific aim is as follows:

In a pilot study, to deliver the tailored intervention to a diverse sample of 32 women with a history of GDM and hemoglobin A1c from 5.7-6.4% who have not yet developed Type 2 diabetes, with a sample divided equally between whites, African Americans, Latinas and Asian Americans

Eligibility Criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

* Overweight or obese (BMI \>25 or \>23 if Asian American)
* at least 6 weeks post-partum
* have a history of gestational diabetes mellitus

Exclusion Criteria:

* Currently pregnant,
* not a UCLA Health patient
* any history of a Type 2 diabetes diagnosis, based on billing codes, laboratory values, or taking any antiglycemic medications