Preventive Heart Rehabilitation to Prevent Complications in Patients Undergoing Elective Open Heart Surgery

Rationale:

Patients undergoing cardiac surgery are at risk of developing perioperative complications and major adverse cardiac events, mainly related to both their preoperative status and type of surgical procedure. Postoperative exercise based cardiac rehabilitation (CR) is an effective therapy to prolong survival and improve quality of life. However, little is known about the effect on post-operative complications, quality of life and return to work of a combined pre- and post-operative CR program encompassing physical therapy, dietary counseling, psychological support and life style management compared to a CR program, which is provided only after cardiac surgery.

Objective:

to determine whether a pre- and postoperative (PRE+POST) CR program improves the short (up to three months) and long term outcomes (up to one year) of the cardiac surgery (i.e. reduction in postoperative surgical complications, readmissions to hospital and major adverse cardiac events in conjunction with improvements in the physical component of health related quality of life), when compared to postoperative CR only (POST).

Study design:

A Prospective Randomized Open controlled trial, Blinded End-point. Patients are randomized between two standard care CR programs. One group will start a the POST CR program after surgery. The other group will be randomized to a combined PRE+POST CR program.

Study population:

Patients (age \> 18 years) admitted for elective coronary bypass surgery, valve surgery and/or aortic surgery

Main study parameters/endpoints:

The primary outcome is a composite weighted endpoint of postoperative surgical complications, re-admissions to hospital, major adverse cardiac events and health related quality of life (two domains: physical functioning and physical problem), at three months and one year after surgery. Endpoints are determined by an independent endpoint committee, blinded to the group allocation. Secondary, the study focuses on physical health (cardiorespiratory fitness, muscle strength and functional status), psychological health (feelings of anxiety and depression), work participation, economics, lifestyle risk factors (physical activity and smoking behavior), self-efficacy and illness representations.


Eligibility Criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

* Patients admitted to the department of Thoracic Surgery of the UMCG for:
* coronary artery bypass graft surgery
* valve surgery
* aortic surgery
* or a combination of the surgeries mentioned above

Exclusion Criteria:

* Patients accepted for transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI)
* Patients undergoing congenital heart surgery
* Aortic descendens or dissections surgery
* Elite athletes
* Co-morbidities that prevent participation in one or more program elements (e.g. disorders to the nervous or musculoskeletal system that limits exercise capacity, severe COPD (GOLD class 3-4), addiction to alcohol or drugs/ serious psychiatric illness) or when it is undesirable to exercise (e.g. cardiomyopathy/morrow).
* Other treatment planned that possibly will interrupt the program (for example on a waiting list for an organ transplantation, preoperative endocarditis or planned chemotherapy for cancer etc.)
* Unable to read, write and understand Dutch