Effect of Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass Surgery on Non-severe Obesity With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

The effect of roux-en-Y gastric bypass(RYGB) on patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM) and a body mass index(BMI)\>35kg/m2 is clear. There are large-scale patients with T2DM in Chinese population and currently about two-thirds of them are lack of adequate blood glucose control. Asian Chinese have different type of obesity, different style of diet, and a relatively low BMI levels as well. We assess the feasibility and efficacy of laparoscopic roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery (LRYGB) in patients with non-severely obese T2DM.Taking into account the differences of body size and diet between the United States \& Europe and Asian countries, diabetic situation has its special features in different regions, especially in Asia China. Asian Chinese have a high incidence of T2DM and a relatively low BMI levels. Evaluating the benefits from LRYGB for T2DM in Asian Chinese diabetes subjects with a body mass index of less than 35kg/m2 and looking for sufficient evidence to this operation become necessary.The patients will be followed up for one year after surgery and a comparison would be made between the two groups. Clinical indicators that reflect the effect of LRYGB are monitored before surgery and 1, 3,6,12 months after surgery. Complete remission of diabetes was defined by hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c)\<6.0% and Fasting plasma glucose (FPG)\<5.6mmol/L.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is well known as a chronic metabolic disease. As the main manifestation of T2DM , the disorder of glucose metabolism which is due to the gradual dysfunction of pancreatic islet and significant insulin resistance results in many problems and complications associated with T2DM such as hypertension, cardiovascular diseases(CVD), lipid disorders and other complications. Currently, there are more than 346 million people suffered from T2DM worldwide, among which T2DM accounts for about 90%. A report published by Chinese diabetes and metabolic syndrome research group in 2010 showed that overall prevalence of diabetes is 9.7% over the age of 20 and the total number of diabetes mellitus has reached 92.4 million in Chinese population and what's worse, more than 15.5 percent of adults are in the pre-diabetic state. Through traditional diet therapy, exercise, changing lifestyle, and standardized medical treatment have a certain effect on diabetes and its complications, T2DM can't be cured so far. How to cure diabetes mellitus and improve the quality of life of diabetic patients is a common problem faced by doctors in all countries. In 1984, Pories et al have found that glucose metabolism indicators significantly improved when he analyzed a report of three-year progress results of obesity patients with T2DM after laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery(LRYGB) , thus opening a door to the surgical treatment for diabetes. Now LRYGB is often performed in Europe and United State, and has been written into the diabetes treatment guidelines by American Diabetes Association in 2009. The surgical treatment for diabetes is an extension from the surgical treatment for morbid obesity. So diabetes treatment guidelines in 2014 show that bariatric surgery may be considered for T2DM with a body mass index （BMI） \>35 kg/m2, especially if diabetes or associated comorbidities are difficult to control with lifestyle and pharmacological therapy. However, it also mentioned that small trials have shown benefit in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and BMI 30-35 kg/m2 after bariatric surgery. But it still lacks sufficient evidence for patients with BMI below 30kg/m2. A survey conducted in Shanghai, China, showed that the prevalence of type 2 diabetes was 9.8%, while the prevalence of obesity was 4.3%.But in the United States, the incidence of type 2 diabetes was 10.9% and the obesity population defined by a BMI ≥30 kg/m2 may account for one third of the total population in 2009-2010. In addition, patients in Asian countries are mostly abdominal obesity compared with that of patients in the United States and Europe where have different type of obesity. Taking into account the differences of body size and diet between the United States \& Europe and Asian countries, diabetic situation has its special features in different regions, especially in Asia China. Asian Chinese have a high incidence of T2DM and a relatively low BMI levels. Evaluating the benefits from LRYGB for T2DM in Asian Chinese diabetes subjects with a body mass index of less than 35kg/m2 and looking for sufficient evidence to this operation become necessary.

Eligibility Criteria:
Inclusion Criteria: In a patient with classic symptoms of hyperglycemia or hyperglycemic crisis, a random plasma glucose(PG) ≥200 mg/dL(11.1 mmol/L) or fasting plasma glucose (FPG) ≥ 7 .0 mmol / L or Two-hour PG ≥200 mg/dL (11.1 mmol/L) during an oral glucose tolerance test(OGTT) or HbA1c \> 6.5% .The study candidates were included if they had any of the following features:

* exclusion of type 1 diabetes mellitus(T1DM) ;
* BMI ≤ 35 kg/㎡ or waist circumference \>90cm;
* duration of T2DM less than 15 years ;
* age ≤ 65 years ;
* islet functional reserve :fasting C-peptide (FC-P) normal or more , postprandial two-hour C-peptide response more than 2 times compared with a pre-dinner ;
* poor control of medical treatment ,glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) ≥ 7 .0%;
* volunteer to accept LRYGB surgery and sign the consent

Exclusion Criteria:

* type 1 diabetes mellitus
* age \>65 years