Physiologic Markers of Cardiometabolic Risk in People With Type 1 Diabetes

More than 40% of young adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D) also have overweight or obesity. Each of these diagnoses increase the risk of adverse cardiovascular events. Investigators aim to obtain reference data for individuals with T1D who do not have overweight obesity, to understand how close GLP-1 analogue obesity treatment in those with overweight/obesity brings physiologic markers of cardiometabolic risk to those with BMI in the normal range. Specifically, investigators will describe how drivers of gluconeogenesis and lipemia (specifically measured as visceral fat ratio, insulin resistance, and postprandial lipemia,) that contribute to cardiometabolic risk in T1D change over time.

Primary Objective

The primary objectives of this physiologic study are to:

1. examine how visceral adipose tissue (VAT), measured as VAT/Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue + VAT changes over 1 year in young adults with T1D and body mass index \<25kg/m2.
2. determine how hepatic insulin resistance changes over 1 year in young adults with T1D and body mass index \<25kg/m2.
3. determine how the area under the curve of triglycerides after a high fat mixed meal tolerance test changes over 1 year in young adults with T1D and body mass index \<25kg/m2.

Secondary Objective

The secondary objective\[s\] of this study are to determine change in:

Aim 1: Weight and % body fat from baseline to 1 year. Aim 2: Suppression of endogenous glucose production (a measure of insulin resistance), expressed as the change in endogenous glucose rate of appearance (mg/kg/min) at baseline and during the low dose (hepatic) phase, and relationship to VAT/(VAT+SAT) from baseline to 1 year. Glucose rate of appearance, glycerol rate of appearance, glucose oxidation, and fat oxidation will be assessed in all clamp phases baseline to 1 year.

Aim 3: Postprandial rise in other atherogenic lipoproteins baseline to 1 year. The data obtained from this protocol will serve as reference data for a randomized clinical trial of GLP-1 analogue obesity in young adults with T1D and overweight/obesity.

The focus of this registration is the primary objective.

Eligibility Criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

* Provision of signed and dated informed consent form
* Stated willingness to comply with all study procedures and availability for the duration of the study
* Male or female, aged 18 to ≤30 years
* Diagnosed T1D for at least 12 months and with BMI \<25 kg/m2.
* HbA1c ≤10%
* Clinical use of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM)
* Any known laboratory safety parameter consistently outside the below extended laboratory ranges in the past year:

  1. Baseline creatinine \>1.0mg
  2. Hypertriglyceridemia (\>400 mg/dl)
  3. ALT ≥3.5 times the upper normal limit (UNL)

Exclusion Criteria:

* Current use of adjunctive diabetes medication or anti-obesity medication
* Insulin dose \<0.5 units/kg/day
* Use of lipid lowering prescription medication other than statins or omega-3 products
* Doesn't meet MRI safety criteria or having claustrophobia
* Known liver disease other than non-alcoholic steatosis or non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
* Known renal impairment
* Pregnancy or lactation, or planning to become pregnant during the study period.
* Anemia or known hematologic condition impacting HbA1c reading, or another medical condition that precludes participation.
* Treatment with another investigational drug within the past 1 month
* Past medical history of or self-reported corn allergy