Prospective Randomized Trial Comparing Gastrectomy, Metastasectomy Plus Systemic Therapy Versus Systemic Therapy Alone: GYMSSA Trial

Background:

* Gastric (stomach) cancer is a rare cancer. In most cases, by the time it has been diagnosed it has spread to other organs in the body and the chance of a cure is very small. The standard treatment for gastric cancer is a combination of chemotherapy drugs.
* Researchers are interested in finding out if surgically removing all tumors before beginning chemotherapy for stomach cancer can slow or halt its spread better than giving chemotherapy alone.

Objectives:

- To determine whether tumor removal surgery followed by chemotherapy is more effective in treating gastric cancer than chemotherapy given alone.

Eligibility:

- Patients 18 years of age and older who have been diagnosed with gastric cancer.

Design:

* All patients will undergo an initial physical examination, blood tests, imaging scans, and a laparoscopy to determine the extent of the disease.
* Half of the participants will be assigned to have surgery first and then chemotherapy; the other half will be assigned to have chemotherapy alone.

  * The surgery-plus-chemotherapy group will have major surgery to remove all tumors in the stomach and abdominal area, followed by a recovery time of up to 4 weeks. Chemotherapy will begin 6 to 8 weeks after surgery.
  * The chemotherapy-only group will begin treatment within 2 weeks of laparoscopy.
* All patients will receive four chemotherapy drugs: 5-Fluorouracil, leucovorin, oxaliplatin, and irinotecan. The drugs are given intravenously over 2 days every 2 weeks (one cycle) for 12 cycles (about 6 months), either at the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Clinical Center or at home with a referring oncologist. Patients in the surgery group who have tumors in the peritoneum will receive an additional set of chemotherapy drugs in a separate treatment.
* During the chemotherapy cycles, patients will provide blood samples approximately once a week and will have physical examinations and scans on a regular basis.
* Patients will return to the NIH Clinical Center for follow-up visits about every 4 months for 2 years, then every 6 months for 3 years and yearly thereafter.

Background:

* The standard of care for metastatic gastric cancer (MGC) is systemic therapy resulting in median survival of 6-12 months and rare survivors of up to three years.
* For patients with limited MGC, retrospective studies have shown improved overall survival following gastrectomy and/or metastasectomy plus systemic therapy (e.g. median survival after liver resection for metastatic gastric cancer of 15-37 months, with a five year survival rate of 25%).
* This prospective randomized trial for patients with MGC and limited metastases is designed to compare two therapeutic approaches-gastrectomy with metastasectomy plus systemic therapy (GYMS) vs. systemic therapy alone (SA)-- and to evaluate outcome in light of selection criteria to define those patients who may benefit from the more aggressive approach.

Objectives:

Primary Objective:

- To compare two therapeutic approaches--GYMS vs. SA--in terms of overall survival in patients with limited MGC.

Secondary Objectives:

* To analyze selection criteria for patients who might benefit from the GYMS approach.
* To determine progression-free survival in both arms.

Eligibility:

* MGC with limited metastatic disease thought to be resectable to no evidence of disease.
* 18 years old or greater with an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) 0-2
* Laboratory and physical examination parameters within acceptable limits by standard of practice guidelines prior to surgery

Design:

* Patients will be randomized to receive gastrectomy and metastasectomy followed by systemic chemotherapy (GYMS) or systemic chemotherapy (SA) alone and will be stratified based on sites of metastatic disease, previous therapy and disease free interval.
* Patients in both arms will receive the FOLFOXIRI regimen (5-FU, leucovorin, oxaliplatin and irinotecan)
* No cross over will be allowed.
* Survival analysis will be done in intention to treat fashion from time of randomization.
* Based on estimated 12 and 20 months overall survival for the SA and the GYMS arms respectively, 68 patients per arm (power=0.80, 0.05 two-tailed log-rank test) will be enrolled. Patients will be recruited over 6 years and followed for an additional 2 years from the date of entry of the last patient.

Eligibility Criteria:
-INCLUSION CRITERIA:

1. Histologically or cytologically confirmed gastric adenocarcinoma.
2. Metastatic disease must be measurable by computed tomography (CT) and/or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

   Or

   There must be a history of positive peritoneal washings or carcinomatosis
3. All disease should be deemed resectable to negative margins (NED) based on imaging studies.

   Note: Patients with both pulmonary and peritoneal metastases will be enrolled at the discretion of the Principal Investigator.
   * Esophageal invasion \< 4cm that does not require thoracotomy (Seiwert II and III lesions).
   * Hepatic metastases (unilateral or bilateral less than or equal to 5 lesions, less than or equal to 15 cm total diameter).
   * Primary peritoneal metastases (small disease load less than or equal to P2 disease) without massive ascites or intestinal obstruction.
   * Para-aortic lymph node metastases (stations 16 a1 and/or b2).
   * Lung metastases (less than or equal to 3 unilateral/bilateral, 9 cm total diameter).
   * Patients who present with both hepatic and peritoneal metastases must have no evidence of extensive para-aortic/retro-pancreatic lymph node metastases.
4. Greater than or equal to 18 years of age.
5. Must be able to understand and sign the Informed Consent Document.
6. Clinical performance status of Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) less than or equal to 2.
7. Life expectancy of greater than three months.
8. Patients of both genders must be willing to practice birth control during and for four months after receiving chemotherapy.
9. Hematology:

   * Absolute neutrophil count greater than 1300/mm\^3 without the support of Filgrastim.
   * Platelet count greater than 75,000/mm\^3.
   * Hemoglobin greater than 8.0 g/dl.
10. Chemistry:

    * Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT)/aspartate aminotransferase (AST) less than or equal to 5 times the upper limit of normal. Except in the presence of obstructive liver metastases where ALT/AST may be up to 10 times the upper limit of normal.
    * Serum creatinine less than or equal to 1.5 mg/dl unless the measured creatinine clearance is greater than 60 mL/min/1.73 m\^2.
    * Total bilirubin less than or equal to 2 mg/dl, except in the presence of obstructive metastases.
    * Prothrombin time (PT) within 2 seconds of the upper limit of normal (International Normalized Ratio (INR) less than or equal to 1.8).
11. No history of prior/other malignancies within the 2 years prior to enrollment with the exception of basal cell carcinoma.

EXCLUSION CRITERIA:

1. Prior treatment with 5-FU, leucovorin, oxaliplatin, and irinotecan (FOLFOXIRI) (treatment with any of the components as separate regimens is allowable).
2. Inability to tolerate any of the chemotherapeutic agents.
3. Grade 2 or greater neuropathy.
4. Women of child-bearing potential who are pregnant or breastfeeding because of the potentially dangerous effects of the chemotherapy on the fetus or infant.
5. Active systemic infections, coagulation disorders or other major medical illnesses of the cardiovascular, respiratory or immune system; myocardial infarction; cardiac arrhythmias; obstructive or restrictive pulmonary disease.
6. Brain metastases or a history of brain metastases.
7. Childs B or C cirrhosis or with evidence of severe portal hypertension by history, endoscopy, or radiologic studies.
8. Weight less than 40 kg.
9. Significant ascites, greater than 1000cc in the absence of peritoneal disease.
10. History of congestive heart failure and/or an left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) less than 40%.

    Note: Patients at increased risk for coronary artery disease or cardiac dysfunction (e.g., greater than 65yo, diabetes, history of hypertension, elevated low-density lipoprotein (LDL), first degree relative with coronary artery disease) will undergo full cardiac evaluation and will not be eligible if they demonstrate significant irreversible ischemia on stress thallium or an ejection fraction \< 40%.
11. Significant chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or other chronic pulmonary restrictive disease with pulmonary function tests (PFT's) indicating an forced expiratory volume 1 (FEV1) less than 50% or a carbon monoxide diffusing capacity (DLCO) less than 40% predicted for age.

Note: Patients who have shortness of breath with minimal exertion or who are at risk for pulmonary disease (e.g., chronic smokers) will undergo pulmonary function testing and will not be eligible if their FEV1 is less than 50% of expected.