ENB Guided MWA Combined With VATS Versus Sequential Surgery for Synchronous Bilateral Multiple Primary Lung Nodules

The goal of this clinical trial is to evaluate the safety and efficacy of ENB guided MWA combined with VATS versus sequential surgery for synchronous bilateral multiple primary lung nodules. Participants will be divided into two group.One group will accepte treatment of ENB guided MWA combined with VATS,another will accepted sequential surgery.

Lung cancer is one of the most common cancers and the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. With the improvement of people's health awareness and the wide application of LDCT and HRCT, the incidence of multiple primary lung cancer is increasing, especially the synchronous bilateral multiple primary pulmonary nodules are the difficulties in the treatment of pulmonary nodules. Bilateral sequential surgery is associated with higher intraoperative risks, higher rates of postoperative complications, and lower postoperative quality of life. At present, a small number of recent retrospective studies have shown that microwave ablation(MWA) guided by electromagnetic navigation bronchoscopy(ENB) combined with video-assisted thoracic surgery(VATS) treatment can effectively treat bilateral multiple primary pulmonary nodules, which not only has a low complication rate, but also can avoid secondary surgery.

Based on previous studies, the research plans to conduct a prospective, multi-center, randomized controlled study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of ENB guided MWA combined with VATS versus sequential surgery for synchronous bilateral multiple primary lung nodules, as well as its potential value as a new treatment option for these participants.

Eligibility Criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

1. Aged ≥18 years and ≤80 years;
2. The subjects are diagnosed synchronous bilateral multiple primary lung nodules by HRCT
3. The primary nodule is diagnosed as lung cancer by preoperative puncture or multidisciplinary discussion, which can be treated with radical surgery.
4. At least one secondary lesion (6mm≤diameter≤20mm, CTR\<0.5) is contralateral to the primary nodule，which need treatment after multidisciplinary discussion
5. The ipsilateral secondary lesions can be treated by sublobar resection at the same time
6. ECOG PS score 0-1
7. The subjects participate voluntarily and sign a written informed consent;

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Patients have contraindications of surgery or anesthesia
2. Patients are unable to undergo bronchoscopy
3. A contralateral secondary lesion is unreachable during ENB planning
4. There are large blood vessels 2 mm near the contralateral secondary lesion
5. Patients have severe bleeding tendency and coagulation dysfunction which cannot be improved in a short time
6. Patients have interstitial pneumonia, pulmonary fibrosis, or severe emphysema
7. Patients have diseases,like severe anemia, dehydration, severe nutritional and metabolic disorders, which cannot be cured or improved in a short time
8. Patients have severe systemic infection and fever (\>38.5°C)
9. Patients have other malignant tumors
10. Patients have participated in other clinical trials
11. Investigators consider the patient do not fit for the study