Docetaxel Compared With Observation in Treating Patients Who Have Undergone Radical Prostatectomy for Prostate Cancer

RATIONALE: Drugs used in chemotherapy, such as docetaxel, work in different ways to stop the growth of tumor cells, either by killing the cells or by stopping them from dividing. Giving docetaxel after surgery may kill any tumor cells that remain after surgery. Sometimes, after surgery, the tumor may not need more treatment until it progresses. In this case, observation may be sufficient. It is not yet known whether giving docetaxel after surgery is more effective than observation in treating prostate cancer.

PURPOSE: This randomized phase III trial is studying docetaxel to see how well it works compared with observation in treating patients who have undergone radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer.

OBJECTIVES:

Primary

* Compare time to prostate-specific antigen (PSA) progression in patients with margin-positive tumors after undergoing radical prostatectomy for high-grade prostate cancer treated with docetaxel versus observation.

Secondary

* Compare PSA doubling time in patients treated with these regimens.
* Compare quality of life of these patients.
* Compare overall and metastasis-free survival of patients treated with these regimens.

OUTLINE: This is a prospective, open-label, randomized, multicenter study. Patients are stratified according to participating center and tumor stage (pT2 vs pT3). Patients are randomized to 1 of 2 treatment arms.

* Arm I: Patients receive docetaxel IV over 1 hour on day 1. Treatment repeats every 21 days for up to 6 courses in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.

Quality of life is assessed at baseline, directly after and 6 months after completing study treatment, and then annually thereafter.

* Arm II: Patients undergo observation until PSA progression (defined as PSA ≥ 0.5 ng/mL) Quality of life is assessed at baseline, week 19, and annually thereafter.

After completion of study treatment, patients are followed periodically for 5 years.

PROJECTED ACCRUAL: A total of 396 patients will be accrued for this study.

Eligibility Criteria:
DISEASE CHARACTERISTICS:

* Histologically confirmed adenocarcinoma of the prostate meeting one of the following criteria after undergoing radical prostatectomy:

  * pT2 with Gleason score 4+3 or 8-10 and positive margins in the radical prostatectomy specimen
  * Any pT3a tumor with Gleason score ≥ 4+3
  * pT3b tumor with Gleason score ≥ 7
* Negative lymph nodes at histological examination (N0)
* Patients with a preoperative prostate-specific antigen (PSA) ≥ 10.0 ng/mL should have undergone a lymph node dissection
* Postoperative PSA must be \< 0.5 ng/mL
* Considered at high risk for recurrent disease
* No metastatic (M0) disease

  * Negative bone scan

PATIENT CHARACTERISTICS:

* WHO/ECOG performance status 0-1
* Hemoglobin ≥ 11.0 g/dL
* Neutrophil count ≥ 1,500/mm³
* Platelet count ≥ 150,000/mm³
* Creatinine ≤ 1.5 times upper limit of normal (ULN)
* Bilirubin normal
* AST and ALT ≤ 1.5 times ULN
* Alkaline phosphatase \< 1.5 times ULN
* No active untreated infectious disease (e.g., tuberculosis or methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus)
* No active gastric ulcer
* No known hypersensitivity to polysorbate 80
* No symptomatic peripheral neuropathy ≥ grade 2
* No myocardial infarction within the past 6 months
* No other unstable cardiovascular disease within the past 6 months
* No other serious illness or medical condition
* No altered psychological or physical state that would preclude study compliance
* No other malignancy within the past 5 years except basal cell or squamous cell skin cancer

PRIOR CONCURRENT THERAPY:

* See Disease Characteristics
* No prior hormonal therapy (e.g., luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone analogues and/or antiandrogens) affecting prostate cancer cells
* No prior radiotherapy to the pelvis
* No prior chemotherapy
* More than 6 months since prior systemic corticosteroids
* No other concurrent anticancer therapy or investigational drugs