Video Feedback to Enhance Parental Mentalization

The objective of this study is to implement a Video Feedback (VF) intervention to enhance Parental Reflective Function in primary caregivers of inpatient psychiatric children. Because there is no published research using VF with parents of children with severe psychopathology and in hospitalized context, this study is a pilot study.

The research will include a qualitative and quantitative study; it will take place in a public hospital in Valparaíso, Chile. In the qualitative study, participants will be six primary caregivers who received the intervention and three stakeholders from Child Unit. For caregivers a semi-structured interview will be applied to know subjective experience gained by intervention regarding the perceived satisfaction. For health professional also a semi-structured interview will be applied to collect information pertinent to the feasibility of performing such intervention. The information obtained from the interviews will be analyzed with Grounded Theory model.

The quantitative study will be conducted amongst all tutors of children aged between 6 and 14 hospitalized in a child psychiatry ward between August 2017 and December 2018. The expected sample size is 30 subjects in total; 10 for the control group and 20 for the experimental group.

A four module of Video Intervention Therapy (VIT) was designed, each module includes a (video recorded) play session and a group VF session.

The evaluation of the caregivers at the beginning of the intervention will include a psychosocial questionnaire, GHQ-12 , Five Minutes Speech Sample (FMSS) where RF will be codified, Operationalized Psychodynamic Diagnosis - Structure Questionnaire (OPD.SQ). The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire will be applied to children, in addition to the Children Global Assessment Scale, (CGAS). After every VF session a new FMSS, GHQ-12 and CGAS will be made. A follow-up will be performed three months after the beginning of the intervention with FMSS, GHQ-12 for caregivers and SDQ and CGAS for children.

To determine Effect Size and Intra Class Correlation, the results will be analyzed using a multiple linear regression.

One of the challenges when a child is hospitalized is working with the family, there is an enormous evidence relating family factors with onset of psychopathology and pour outcomes in children. Usually treatment includes parental support or family therapy, but most parents attend to few sessions.

Mentalization is defined as the capacity to understand and interpret one's own behavior and those of others as an expression of mental states, such as feelings, thoughts, fantasies, beliefs and desires. Reflective function (RF) is the operational definition of mentalization. Parental mentalizing is considered to have important implications for the development of self-regulation in Children.

Video assisted therapy has demonstrated to be a powerful tool in promoting change in parent-child relationships with few sessions.

The present study

To assess a short program aimed at improving Parental Reflective Function (PRF) during the hospitalization of children and early adolescents admitted to a psychiatric unit, a randomized pilot psychotherapeutic intervention using video feedback has been designed as a clinical trial. There is ample evidence of the usefulness of video feedback to increase sensitivity and PRF in children up to 5 years, but in older children the evidence is limited. There are no known published randomized clinical trials using video feedback in parents of children admitted for psychiatric reasons.

A VF therapy like this will allow implementing a short and economic intervention, which has been used in older children and in parents with mental health problems, as is expected in parents of inpatient psychiatric children. This research also will contribute to explore how PRF relates to children psychopathology.

General objectives

1. To assess the feasibility and acceptability of a psychotherapeutic intervention using video feedback in order to improve the PRF in primary caregivers of children and adolescents hospitalized in public inpatient unit.
2. To provide data to estimate the parameters required to design a definitive Randomized Control Trial with a psychotherapeutic intervention using VF in order to improve the PRF in primary caregivers of children and adolescents hospitalized in public inpatient unit.

Method This project was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Valparaíso-San Antonio Health Service The research has the support of the head of the Child Psychiatry Unit and the Director of the Psychiatric Hospital.

Participants The research will take place in a public child/adolescent psychiatry ward in Valparaíso in "Hospital Psiquiátrico del Salvador"

In the qualitative study, participants will be a minimum of six primary caregivers of children hospitalized in a psychiatric ward receiving intervention between the ages of 6 and 14, as well as three key players (a therapist, a nurse and chief psychiatrist of the Special Care Unit).

The quantitative study will be conducted amongst all tutors of children hospitalized in a child psychiatry ward between August 2017 and December 2018. The sample will be all parents and/or caregivers that meet the inclusion criteria and wish to participate. The expected sample size is 30 subjects in total; 10 for the control group and 20 for the experimental group. If by December 2018 the total sample has not been met, more subjects will be recruited in order to achieve the sample size. A clinical essay having 30 subjects has been proposed because an intervention of these characteristics has not been performed in Chile; so the impact of the effect must first be estimated in order to assess the feasibility for a future multi-centric clinical trail. This is the reason behind piloting the present study.

Procedure

Qualitative study. Two semi-structured interview scripts will be performed.

* One script aims to gain full grasp of the subjective experience gained by intervention participants regarding the perceived workshop satisfaction and follow-up.
* The second script will be aimed at key institutional information holders, aiming to collect information pertinent to the feasibility of performing such an intervention. Questions will focus on analyzing the necessary resources needed and impact the workshop may have in the functioning of the child psychiatric ward.

The interviews will be performed by physicians undergoing a psychiatrist specialization and/or a psychologist who is not participating in the intervention.

Quantitative Study

At the onset of hospitalization, all caregivers meeting inclusion criteria must provide an informed consent form in order to participate in the study. Children must provide an informed approval after caregivers have provided their consent.

All caregivers that participate in the study will receive an array of instruments upon entering, subsequently randomized between the control groups and those intervened. If any mental health problem is detected in caregivers it will be made a referral for her or him to get special support according to the problem detected

Both groups of caregivers along with their child receive the same regular care and treatments they would normally receive from a inpatient unit. Since both groups will be subject to a larger intervention, the aim of a future randomized control trial will be to objectify how much VF boosts the improvement of PRF during a child's psychiatric hospitalization.

Intervention Interventions will be performed by the principal investigator and by a child clinical psychologist, both trained and supervised in Video Intervention Therapy (VIT). VIT is a technique for performing Video Feedback where behavior-oriented interventions and representational therapy elements are used. This provides a six-step video analysis framework. The video may be filmed at different settings, the only requirement being a visual interaction of the child with his parents.

A four module intervention was designed for this study, each module includes a play session and a VF session. The play session has a workshop format, it has a duration of 45 to 60 minutes, where the caregiver(s) plays freely with the child. During the play session, a five to ten minute video sessions of the dyads will be made. The therapeutic team will then pick approximately 1 minute long excerpts to display in the VF sessions. The VF sessions will occur during the same week and these could be group sessions.

Analysis plan

Qualitative Study The information obtained from the interviews will be analyzed with Grounded Theory model, obtained open codify data.

For the analysis the ATLAS.TI Software will be used, enabling managing and processing text data groups.

Quantitative Study

1. A descriptive statistic will be performed to compare the control group and the intervened group regarding clinical and sociodemographic variables.
2. It will be also presenting descriptive statistic on eligibility rate, recruitment rate, and compliance.
3. To determine Effect Size and Intra Class Correlation results will be analyzed using a multiple linear regression, multi level model with randomized and fixed interception.

Quantitative data will be analyzed using STATA 14.

Eligibility Criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

* Figure as a tutor during hospitalization or,
* Figure as the primary caregiver of the child or adolescent and,
* Must have a (legal or biological) kinship with the hospitalized child or adolescent.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Responsible adults that present a severe intellectual deficit or psychotic symptoms or,
* Institutional caregivers or,
* Parents that do not care for the child regularly (see the child lees than a week per month, has restraining orders, etc. )