Colchicine in Vascular Inflammation Assessed With PET Imaging

The purpose of this trial is to assess the effects of colchicine on vascular inflammation measured by (FDG)-PET imaging in patients with atherosclerotic vascular disease. This effect will also be measured by soluble plasma biomarkers. Finally, an optional pharmacogenomic investigation will be performed to identify genetic biomarkers of patient response.

This is an interventional trial targetting patients 18 years old or older with a carotid artery or an ascending aorta to background ration (TBR) of ≥1.6 as determined by 18 fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) uptake measured by positron emission tomography (PET) as evidence of atherosclerotic plaque inflammation.

Following randomization,patients will be followed over a period of 6 months (24 weeks), through 2 phone contacts at 6 and 20 weeks and 2 on-site visits at 12 and 24 weeks.

Each on-site visits will include blood draws to monitor routine chemistry and hematology,as well as biomarkers and lipid profiles.

Each phone contacts will include monitoring of patient's general health and well-being.

PET imaging will be performed at baseline and at the 24-weeks visit.

Safety in this study will be assessed by clinical laboratory parameters, physical examinations, ECGs, vital signs, and the frequency and intensity of clinical adverse events (AEs).

The Montreal Health Innovations Coordinating Center (MHICC) will be responsible for processing and quality control of the data. Project management will be carried out as described in the MHICC standard operating procedures (SOPs) for clinical studies. The handling of data, including data quality control, will comply with all applicable regulatory guidelines, MHICC SOPs and the study Data Management Plan. As such, a MHICC medical monitor will be appointed to the trial as the serious adverse event reporting contact (24/7).

Eligibility Criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

* Male and female patients providing informed consent
* Patient must have evidence of coronary artery disease (CAD) as evidenced by at least one of the following:
* Angiographic evidence of at least 50% stenosis in one coronary artery (except for left main coronary artery stenosis, in which 30% is acceptable)
* History of prior percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI)
* History of prior acute coronary syndrome (ACS) event (ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), non-STEMI or unstable angina)
* Patient has a carotid or ascending aorta atherosclerotic plaque inflammation TBR of 1.6 or more as determined by 18F-FDG uptake measured by PET scanning
* Patient must be on a stable dose for at least 8 weeks before baseline if taking medications used to control angina, hypertension, serum lipids (including statins) or any medication that can have an effect on inflammation
* Female patient is either not of childbearing potential, defined as postmenopausal for at least 1 year or surgically sterile, or is of childbearing potential and practices a birth control method throughout the study and for 30 days after study completion
* Patient is judged to be in good general health as determined by the principal investigator
* Patient must be able and willing to comply with the requirements of this study protocol

Exclusion Criteria:

Poorly controlled medical condition, such as uncontrolled diabetes, documented history of recurrent infections, unstable ischemic heart disease, congestive heart failure, a left ventricular ejection fraction of less than 40%, recent stroke (within the past 3 months), chronic leg ulcer or any other condition which, in the opinion of the investigator, would put the patient at risk if participating in the study

* History of ACS, PCI, myocardial infarction, carotid revascularization or hospitalization for a cardiac condition within 12 weeks of baseline
* Prior coronary artery bypass graft
* Planned change in medical treatment during the study, that can have effect on inflammation, for angina, serum lipids, and other conditions
* History of cancer or lymphoproliferative disease other than a successfully treated non-metastatic cutaneous squamous cell or basal cell carcinoma and/or localized carcinoma in situ of the cervix
* History of listeriosis, treated or untreated tuberculosis, persistent chronic infections, or recent active infections requiring hospitalization or treatment with intravenous anti-infective agent within 30 days or oral anti-infective agent within 14 days prior to baseline
* Hepatitis B or hepatitis C viral infection
* Inflammatory bowel disease (Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis) or patient with chronic diarrhea
* Pre-existent progressive neuromuscular disease or patient with creatine phosphokinase (CPK) level \> 3 times the upper limit of normal at baseline
* Current use or plans to use anti-retroviral therapy at any time during the study, or with active chronic disease often treated with a protease inhibitor, including AIDS
* Diagnosed with immune deficiency or as immunocompromised
* Any of the following: hemoglobin \< 120g/L, white blood cell count \< 3.0 X 109/L, platelet count \<130 X 109/L, Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) \> 3 times the upper limit of normal, Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) \> 3 times the upper normal limit, total bilirubin \> 2 times the upper normal limit, creatinine \> 150 umol/L, creatinine clearance \< 30 mL/min, or history of cirrhosis or severe hepatic disease
* Pregnant or breast-feeding or considering becoming pregnant during the study or for 6 months after the last dose of study medication
* History of clinically significant drug or alcohol abuse in the last year
* Previous bilateral carotid surgery
* Other indications for colchicine use (mainly chronic indications represented by Familial Mediterranean Fever or gout)
* History of an allergic reaction or significant sensitivity to constituents of study drug
* Use of an investigational chemical agent less than 50 days or 5 half-lives prior to baseline (whichever is longer)
* Judged by the investigator to be an unsuitable candidate for the study