A Dose Escalation and Dose Expansion Clinical Study of STI-7349 in Subjects With Advanced Solid Tumors

This is a first-in-human, Phase Ⅰ, open-label, 2-period dose escalation and expansion study of STI-7349 administered intravenously to subjects with advanced solid tumors:

* Period I is divided into two parts: Dose escalation for STI-7349 alone (1A) and dose expansion for STI-7349 alone (1B). In Part 1A, a rapid titration approach and traditional 3 + 3 trial design will be used to assess the safety, dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs), maximum tolerated dose (MTD), PK/biomarker profile, and to determine the recommended Phase 2 dose (RP2D) of STI-7349 alone; in Part 1B, an expansion study of STI-7349 alone will be conducted in target tumor types that may potentially benefit to assess the safety and preliminary efficacy of STI-7349 alone.
* Period Ⅱ is divided into two parts: Dose escalation for STI-7349 in combination with Pembrolizumab (2A) and dose expansion for STI-7349 in combination with Pembrolizumab (2B). In Part 2A, a dose escalation study of STI-7349 in combination with Pembrolizumab is planned to be conducted using ½ RP2D of STI-7349 alone as the starting dose, which will use a traditional 3 + 3 trial design to assess the safety, DLTs, MTD, PK/biomarker profile of STI-7349 in combination with Pembrolizumab, and to determine the RP2D of STI-7349 in combination with Pembrolizumab; in Part 2B, an expansion study of STI-7349 in combination with Pembrolizumab or add standard treatment on the basis of STI-7349 combined with pembrolizumab will be conducted in target tumor types that may potentially benefit to assess the safety and preliminary efficacy of the combination.

Period I: Dose escalation of STI-7349 alone (1A) According to the preclinical trial data, 1mg was used as the initial dose and the accelerated titration test design was adopted. If no adverse events have occurred as specified in the following acceleration titers, the dose increment ratio of 60%, 50%, 50%, 33.3%, 25% is recommended by the modified Fibonacci method. The six initial dose groups of STI-7349 were 1mg, 1.6mg, 2.4mg, 3.6mg, 4.8mg and 6.0 mg.respectively. Eligible subjects will be placed into 6 dose groups in sequence from low to high dose.

Subjects in all dose groups will receive 21 days per dosing cycle and Day 1 of each cycle will be the dosing day.

Part 1A of this trial will use rapid titration and a traditional 3 + 3 trial design.

Period I: Dose expansion of STI-7349 alone (1B) Based on data from the 1A escalation period, target tumor types with potential benefit are selected, and subjects are expanded to 20 to 30 at the RP2D of STI-7349 alone to conduct an expansion study of STI-7349 alone to further assess the safety and preliminary efficacy of the RP2D of STI-7349 alone. STI-7349 will be administered at the same frequency as that in Part 1A and continued until the maximum 2-year dosing period, disease progression/relapse, death, intolerable toxicity, inability of the subject to benefit from study treatment as judged by the investigator, withdrawal from clinical study treatment by the subject or his/her legal representative, loss to follow-up, or completion of the entire study, whichever comes first.

Period II: Dose escalation for STI-7349 in combination with Pembrolizumab (2A) According to the single-agent RP2D of STI-7349 determined in phase I, the dose of STI-7349 combined with palibrizumab was increased in subjects with advanced solid tumors. ≤ ½RP2D of STI-7349 single agent was used as the starting dose of the combined dose increase, and the expected RP2D dose was 4.8mg. The initial dose of combined administration was ≤2.4mg. The approved standard therapeutic dose of pabolizumab is 200mg IV. According to the results of the Phase I study, the three dose groups of STI-7349 combined with pabolizumab were initially set as 1mg, 1.6mg and 2.4mg, respectively. Qualified subjects will be selected into 3 dose groups in sequence from low to high dose.

Period II: Dose expansion for STI-7349 in combination with Pembrolizumab (2B) According to the data from the 2A escalation period, target tumor types with potential benefit are selected, and subjects are expanded to 20 to 30 at the RP2D of the combination to conduct a dose expansion study of STI-7349 in combination with Pembrolizumab or add standard treatment on the basis of STI-7349 combined with pembrolizumab to further assess the safety and preliminary efficacy of the RP2D of the combination. STI-7349 will be administered at the same frequency as that in Part 2A and continued until the maximum 2-year dosing period, disease progression/relapse, death, intolerable toxicity, inability of the subject to benefit from study treatment as judged by the investigator, withdrawal from clinical study treatment by the subject or his/her legal representative, loss to follow-up, or completion of the entire study, whichever comes first.

Eligibility Criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

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To be enrolled in this study, subjects must meet all of the following inclusion criteria:

1. Subjects should have fully understood the study and voluntarily signed an informed consent form.
2. Age 18 to 80 years (inclusive).
3. ECOG(Eastern U.S. Oncology Collaborative Group) score of 0 to 1.
4. Expected survival ≥ 12 weeks.
5. According to Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST1.1), the subject has at least one measurable lesion, that is, the subject has at least one lymph node lesion (minimum diameter ≥ 1.5 cm) or non-lymph node lesion (maximum diameter ≥ 1 cm) diagnosed by computed tomography (CT)/magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination; if the lesion that previously received local therapy (radiotherapy, ablation, vascular intervention, etc.) is the only lesion, there must be a clear imaging basis for disease progression of this lesion after local therapy.
6. Subjects with malignant advanced solid tumors confirmed by histopathology or cytology who have failed standard treatment, or cannot tolerate standard treatment, or cannot obtain standard treatment for various reasons, or have no standard treatment.
7. The subject has major organ function meeting the following criteria within 7 days prior to first dose \[The subject had not received blood component transfusion within 14 days prior to testing. Subjects had not received supportive treatment with human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), thrombopoietin (TPO), thrombopoietin receptor agonist, interleukin-11, and erythropoietin (EPO) within 7 days prior to testing.\]:

   1. Absolute neutrophil count (ANC) ≥ 1.5 × 109/L;
   2. Platelet (PLT) ≥ 100 × 109/L;
   3. Hemoglobin (HGB) ≥ 90 g/L;
   4. Alanine aminotransferase (AST) ≤ 2.5 × ULN (≤ 5 × ULN(Upper limit of normal value) if liver involvement is known);
   5. Aspartate aminotransferase (ALT) ≤ 2.5 × ULN (≤ 5 × ULN if liver involvement is known);
   6. Total bilirubin (TBIL) ≤ 1.5 × ULN (≤ 3.0 × ULN if Gilbert's syndrome is diagnosed);
   7. Serum creatinine ≤ 1.5 × ULN or estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR, calculated according to the Cockcroft-Gault formula, or by measuring 24-hour urine) ≥ 40 mL/min;
   8. International normalized ratio (INR) ≤ 1.5 and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) ≤ 1.5 × ULN.
8. The toxic reaction of previous anti-tumor therapy returned to ≤ grade 1 (except for the following cases: Grade 2 neurotoxicity and grade 2 hypothyroidism caused by anti-tumor therapy, hair loss and pigmentation of any grade, grade 2 AE that cannot be returned to ≤ grade 1 and will remain stable for a long time as determined by the investigator based on the actual clinical situation, laboratory detection indicators are shown in inclusion Criterion 7) .
9. Subject is willing and able to comply with the study schedule and all other study protocol requirements.
10. Women of childbearing potential (women of non-childbearing potential are defined as sexually mature women who have undergone hysterectomy or bilateral oophorectomy or bilateral salpingectomy or bilateral tubal ligation/occlusion, or who are unable to have children because of congenital or acquired disease, or have natural menopause for ≥ 12 months) must have a negative blood pregnancy test during screening. Female subjects of childbearing potential and male subjects must use a highly effective method of contraception at screening through 6 months after the last treatment.

Exclusion Criteria:

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To be enrolled in this study, subjects must not meet any of the following exclusion criteria:

1. The subject has a known hypersensitivity to any component of the investigational product or IL-2.
2. Subjects have participated in any therapeutic clinical study within 28 days prior to first dose, were enrolled and treated. In addition, subjects are in the survival follow-up phase of observational or interventional studies.
3. Subjects have used immunomodulatory drugs within 14 days or 5 half-lives (whichever is longer) prior to the first dose, including but not limited to thymosin, IL-2, IL-15, interferon, etc.
4. The subject has received chimeric antigen receptor T-cell immunotherapy (CAR-T) within 3 months prior to the first dose; the subject has received chemotherapy (at least 6 weeks for chemotherapeutic agents nitrosoureas and mitomycin C, and at least 14 days for oral fluoropyrimidines), endocrine therapy, targeted therapy (washout period of 14 days or 5 half-lives for small-molecule targeted therapy, whichever is longer), immunotherapy (for immunomodulatory agents see exclusion criterion 3), tumor embolization, etc. within 28 days prior to the first dose; the subject has received radiotherapy within 14 days prior to the first dose, palliative radiotherapy for symptom control is allowed to be completed at least 7 days prior to the first dose; the subject has received traditional Chinese medicine for an approved indication of anti-tumor within 7 days prior to the first dose.Except when subjects assessed by the investigator could be enrolled.
5. The subject has undergone major surgery within 28 days or minor surgery within 7 days prior to the first dose, or had an unhealed wound, ulcer, or bone fracture or required elective surgery during the study (except for diagnostic biopsy, insertion of vascular access device).
6. Subjects have received a live attenuated vaccine within 28 days prior to the first dose or plan to receive it during the study.
7. Subjects have received systemic immunosuppressants within 28 days prior to first dose excluding:

   1. Intranasal inhaled topical steroid therapy or topical steroid injection (eg, intra-articular injection);
   2. Systemic corticosteroid therapy not exceeding 10 mg/day prednisone or its physiologic equivalent doses;
   3. Corticosteroids as prophylaxis for allergic reactions (eg, premedication for CT);
   4. As prophylaxis for infusion reactions.
   5. See exclusion criteria 8 for systemic use of sex hormones in patients with brain metastases.
8. Active central nervous system (CNS) metastases or cancerous meningitis with known or symptomatic symptoms at the screening stage (Note: ① Patients with CNS metastases with symptoms prior to initial administration who have been treated and stable for ≥4 weeks and have been off systemic sex hormone therapy (at any dose) for \>3 days may be included. ②Asymptomatic brain metastases (i.e. no neurological symptoms, no need for corticosteroids, and no lesions \>1.5cm) can be enrolled, but regular brain imaging examinations are required as a disease site).
9. Subjects had uncontrolled third space effusions requiring repeated drainage, such as pleural effusion, ascites, pericardial effusion, etc. (subjects who do not require drainage of effusion or have no significant increase in effusion after stopping drainage for 3 days may be enrolled), or third space effusions that are bloody by diagnostic puncture.
10. The subject had another malignancy within 5 years prior to the first dose, except for radically treated early malignancies (carcinoma in situ or Stage I tumor), such as adequately treated basal or squamous cell carcinoma of the skin, carcinoma in situ of the cervix or breast after radical resection, early papillary thyroid carcinoma, or prostate cancer with local Gleason score ≤ 6.
11. The subject had active autoimmune or inflammatory diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease (eg, ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease), diverticulitis (other than diverticular disease), celiac disease, systemic lupus erythematosus, Sarcoidosis syndrome or Wegener' s syndrome (granuloma with polyangiitis), Graves' disease, rheumatoid arthritis, hypophysitis, uveitis, etc.), or a history of the disease within the previous 2 years (subject with vitiligo, psoriasis, alopecia, or Graves' disease not requiring systemic therapy within the last 2 years, hypothyroidism requiring thyroid hormone replacement therapy only, and Type 1 diabetes mellitus requiring insulin replacement therapy only may be enrolled).
12. The subject has active or uncontrolled HBV（Hepatitis B Virus） (HBsAg positive and/or HBcAb positive and HBV DNA titer positive), HCV (HCV-Ab positive and HCV RNA titer positive), HIV(Human Immunodeficiency Virus) positive.
13. The subject had an active bacterial, viral, or fungal infection (defined as a subject demonstrating persistent signs/symptoms related to infection that do not improve despite appropriate antibiotic or other therapy) or required intravenous (IV) antibiotics within 72 hours prior to the first dose.
14. Severe or uncontrolled cardiovascular or cerebrovascular disease requiring treatment, including but not limited to:

    1. New York Heart Association (NYHA) cardiac functional classification \> 2;
    2. Unstable angina not controlled by medication;
    3. Subject has had a myocardial infarction within 6 months prior to first dose;
    4. History of myocarditis;
    5. Cardiac tamponade;
    6. Poorly controlled arrhythmias (eg, subjects who develop ventricular tachycardia during antiarrhythmic drug therapy will be excluded; subjects with first degree atrioventricular block or asymptomatic left anterior bundle branch block/right bundle branch block will not be excluded);
    7. 12-lead electrocardiogram QTcF（The QT interval values were corrected for heart rate using Fridericia's formula） \> 470 msec;
    8. Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) \< 50%;
    9. Poorly controlled hypertension (On the basis of lifestyle modification, the subject has been taking adequate doses of 2 or more antihypertensive agents reasonably tolerated for more than 1 month, but blood pressure remains substandard. Or subjects have been taking 4 or more antihypertensive drugs for effective blood pressure control) or hypotension;
    10. Epilepsy not controlled by medication;
    11. The subject had a stroke, cerebrovascular accident, or transient ischemic attack within 6 months prior to first dose.
15. The subject has known chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) \< 50% of predicted normal. It should be noted that subjects suspected of having COPD must have FEV1 testing and must be excluded if FEV1 is \< 50% of predicted normal.
16. The subject has known moderate or severe persistent asthma, or had a history of asthma within the past 2 years, or has uncontrolled asthma of any classification currently (note that subjects with current controllable intermittent asthma or controllable mild persistent asthma are allowed).
17. The subject has previous and current pulmonary disease such as interstitial pneumonia (including drug-induced), pneumoconiosis, pulmonary fibrosis, or severely impaired pulmonary function; the subject has active pulmonary tuberculosis and is receiving anti-tuberculosis treatment or has received anti-tuberculosis treatment within 1 year prior to the first dose.
18. The subject has experienced clinically significant bleeding symptoms within 3 months prior to first dose. The subject had evident symptoms of coughing up blood within 28 days prior to the first dose with hemoptysis of half a teaspoon (2.5 mL) or more per session.
19. The subject had a history of abdominal fistula, gastrointestinal perforation, intra-abdominal abscess, or acute gastrointestinal bleeding within 6 months prior to the first dose.
20. The subject had a history of deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, or any other serious thromboembolism (except thrombosis caused by a vascular access device, or superficial venous thrombosis) within 3 months prior to the first dose.
21. The subject has hepatic encephalopathy, or hepatorenal syndrome, or Child-Pugh class B (\> 7 points) or more severe cirrhosis.
22. The subject had a known history of primary immunodeficiency.
23. The subject had a known history of allogeneic organ transplantation and allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (except corneal transplantation).
24. Pregnant or lactating women.
25. Subject has any active serious psychiatric disorder, medical condition, or other symptoms/conditions that could affect treatment, compliance, or ability to give informed consent at the discretion of the investigator.

    The following exclusion criteria apply only to combined dosing subjects:
26. Previous allergy to pabolizumab.
27. Permanent discontinuation of drug related AE due to pabolizumab or similar drugs.
28. Permanent discontinuation of the drug due to previous allergy to standard treatment or occurrence of drug-related AE.