Fecal Microbiota Transplantation as a Therapeutic Strategy for Patients Infected With HIV

Patients eligible for the study will be selected on Fridays during the HIV consultation at the Infectious Diseases Department. Patients that meet the inclusion and exclusion criteria, will be randomized and assigned in two groups 1:1. A group will start intervention with FMT (fecal matter transplant) through frozen capsules and after seven days, antiretroviral therapy (ART) will be started. Patients in the other group will be given placebo capsules and after seven days ART will be started. The frozen capsules of FMT will be ingested orally with a frequency of 15 capsules every 12 hours for 4 doses 7 days prior ART start and on weeks 0, 4, 8 and 12 after ART start. Subsequently, blood samples will be taken to monitor the immune status with CD4 T lymphocytes and HIV viral load during week 0, 4, 8, 12 and 24 after ART start.

Throughout the study period, subjects can carry out a free diet, moderate alcohol intake, perform their daily activities and abstain from any of the elimination criteria. Medical consultations will be made on days -7 to ART start, day 1, 30, 60, 90 and 120 after ART start, where clinical examination and elimination criteria will be evaluated.

Study design: Prospective controlled study experimental comparative Study duration: 1 year The number of patients to enroll: 20 patients. After being randomized, selected patients who meet the criteria for inclusion and exclusion will be assigned 1:1 in two groups. A group will start treatment with FMT through frozen capsules, and ART at the same time; and another group will star placebo capsules and ART.

The frozen capsules will be ingested orally at a frequency of 15 capsules every 12 hours for four doses 7 days prior ART start and on weeks 0, 4, 8 and 12 after ART start. Each capsule must be ingested over a period no longer than 1 hour of the anterior capsule.

Subsequently, blood samples will be taken through peripheral vein puncture with the extraction of 10 ml of venous blood to monitor the immune status with CD4 T lymphocytes and HIV viral load. A total of 4 blood samples will be taken during week 4, 8, 12 and 24 after ART start.

Medical consultations will be made every 4 weeks, on days -7 days prior ART start, day 1, 30, 60, 90 and 120 where vital signs, symptoms or signs of organ systems, determination of weight, BMI, adverse effects and elimination criteria will be assessed.

In addition, feces samples from each patient will be taken during medical consultation on week 0, 8 and 24 after ART start to evaluate the modification of the intestinal microbiome after the intervention on both groups.

During the study period, subjects may carry a free diet, moderate intake of alcohol and perform their daily activities as they refrain free from any of the elimination criteria.

The study will last 1 year and the samples taken will be frozen and stored in the Infectious Diseases Department of the Hospital.

Selection of Fecal Microbiota donors:

The selection of fecal microbiota donors is based on:

* Medical history, body weight, no medication uses such as antibiotics and proton pump inhibitors, no trips and no diarrhea 6 months prior donation.
* The absence of chronic infections such as Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C, and HIV determined by immunoassay.
* Negative Rose Bengal test and V.D.R.L
* Normal complete blood count and liver function tests.

Fecal sample analysis:

1. Fresh microscopy analysis to detect leukocytes and parasites (including protozoa and helminths)
2. Stool culture to rule out the presence of enteropathogens, including Salmonella spp., Shigella spp., Aeromonas spp., Plesiomonas spp., Vibrio spp. and Clostridiodes diffcile.
3. Gastrointestinal panel by multiple polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using BioFire Filmarray which includes the detection of:

   Bacteria: Campylobacter (C. jejuni, C. coi, C. upsaliensis), Clostridiodes difficile (toxins A / B), Plesiomonas shigelloides, Salmonella spp., Yersinia enterocolitica, Vibrio (V. parahaemolytic , V. vulnificus and V. cholerae), Escherichia coli O157: H7, enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC), enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC), enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC), Shiga toxin producing E. coli (STEC) stx1 / stx2, Shigella sp. enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC).

   Virus: Adenovirus F 40/41, Astrovirus, Norovirus GI / GII, Rotavirus A, Sapovirus (I, II, IV and V) Parasites: Cryptosporidium sp., Cyclospora cayetanensis, Entamoeba histolytica and Giardia lamblia.
4. Detection of genes associated with drug resistance by endpoint PCR; including genes encoding extended spectrum beta-lactamases (TEM, CTX; SHV, CMY) and carbapenemases (VIM, NDM, IMP, KPC, OXA-48).

Once all the stages of evaluation are completed only negative subjects for all the tests and in which there is no evidence of infection are selected as donors. The scrutiny and laboratory tests are considered valid during the following 4 weeks, so if new donation of feces is required, the process will be carried out again.

Sample Preparation fecal microbiota All samples will be mixed with 10% glycerol and frozen at -70°C in a period not exceeding 60 minutes after collection. They will be mixed and then suspended in saline 0.9%. The final mixture will be filtered to remove particles greater than 330 microns, finally adding glycerol as cryoprotectant. This mixture is carried to the encapsulation process using sterile capsules for enteral liberation, in two sizes. The first capsule is filled with a mixture of feces and sealed with its counterpart, and then the sealed capsule becomes encapsulated in a second capsule. The final product is stored frozen until 60 minutes before use. The administration will only be oral.

Eligibility Criteria:
Inclusion criteria:

* Patients over 18 years
* Confirmed HIV infection with any CD4 lymphocyte count
* Patients at the beginning of the study only taking antibiotic prophylaxis according to the CD4 lymphocyte count
* Patients agree to participate in the study through a signed informed consent

Exclusion criteria:

* Patients receiving probiotics
* Patients with anatomical abnormalities of the digestive tract such as colostomy or ileostomy
* Patients with previous bowel resection
* Patients with impaired AST and / or ALT greater than 4 times its normal value
* Hemodialysis patients Patients with gastrointestinal bleeding in the last 12 weeks
* Patients undergoing colonoscopy in the last 12 weeks