Effects of Prenatal Alcohol Exposure on Emotional and Cognitive Abilities in Adults

Hypothesis:

Individuals presenting with prenatal alcohol exposure (PEA) show emotional abilities deficits, and imbalance between the two systems involved in decision-making according to dual-process models, namely an under-activated reflective system (involved in deliberate behaviors) and an over-activated affective-automatic one (involved in impulsive behaviors).

Primary objective:

To explore performance (as a percentage of correct answers) in an emotional facial expression decoding task in PEA participants compared to controls without alcohol disorder.

Each participant will undergo 2 visits :

First visit :

* Checking inclusion and non-inclusion criteria
* Note of information and consent form
* Record of concomitant treatments and anamnestic elements
* Alcohol, Tobacco, and Toxic Consumption
* Urinary Toxicity Test for Control Groups
* Laterality test (Hecaen, 1984)
* Brief visual and auditory acuity test
* Standardized psychiatric interview (Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview - MINI)

Second visit = Experimental testing

* State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Beck Depression Inventory, Inventory of Interpersonal Problems, Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20).
* Participant installation and testing: 6 behavioral tasks on a computer (also used to collect responses, except for task 2, see details below) :

Task 1 (MAIN): Test for recognition of facial emotions Task 2: 'Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test' (Decoding of complex emotional states) Task 3: Emotional evaluation of natural scenes Task 4: Target detection (measure of attentional bias towards alcohol-related stimuli) Task 5: Go / No-Go evaluating the interactions between inhibition processes and auto-affective system Task 6: "N-back" evaluating the interactions between working memory and automatic-affective system

Eligibility Criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

* Man or woman aged between 18 and 60 years
* Able to understand and to speak French
* Able to understand Note of information and to sign consent form
* Available health insurance
* Normal (or corrected to normal) vision and audition
* For women: Negative pregnancy test or menopausal for at least one year
* For Group 1 only : PEA criteria and no alcohol consumption within the three days preceding the experiment.
* For Group 2 only : PEA criteria, diagnosed with severe alcohol addiction and currently abstinent (for at least 15 days).
* For Group 3 only : Non-alcohol-dependent controls. No alcohol consumption within the three days preceding the experiment and father diagnosed with severe alcohol addiction.
* For Group 4 only : Non-alcohol-dependent controls. No alcohol consumption within the three days preceding the experiment.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Refusal of participation after clear and fair information on the study.
* Visual or auditory sensory disability to participate in the study.
* Benzodiazepines and / or Antipsychotic concomitant treatment.
* History of (or current) neurologic disease
* History of (or current) psychiatric disorder (apart alcohol-dependence for the PEA-alcohol-dependent group)
* Psychoactive Substance Use or Abuse other than tobacco and alcohol.
* Pregnant or breast-feeding women.
* Underage (\<18 yo) or adults under guardianship, judicial protection, or deprived of liberty.