Intraventricular Drain Insertion: Comparison of Ultrasound-guided and Landmark-based Puncture of the Ventricular System

Puncture of the ventricular system is one of the most frequently performed neurosurgical interventions. This procedure is commonly performed in order to treat and/or measure pathologically elevated intracranial pressure.Therefore a safe and fast surgical procedure is needed. Currently the "landmark-based" placement of intraventricular catheters is the gold standard. However it is known that more than 60% of the catheters are not accurately placed in accordance with "landmark-based" procedures. When the catheter is not placed accurately multiple punctures may be required. In this study, the investigators aim to investigate prospectively whether ultrasound guidance leads to a lower number of incorrect catheter placements, and whether this guidance consequently decreases the number of punctures.

Background

Puncture of the ventricular system is one of the most frequently performed neurosurgical interventions. This procedure is performed in order to treat and/or measure pathologically elevated intracranial pressure. Therefore a safe and fast surgical procedure is needed. Currently the "landmark-based" placement of intraventricular catheters is the gold standard. Nonetheless it is known that more than 60% of the catheters are not placed accurately performing "landmark-based" procedures. When the catheter is not placed accurately multiple punctures may has to be done.

Puncture of the ventricular system is one of the most frequently performed neurosurgical interventions. This procedure is commonly performed in order to treat and/or measure pathologically elevated intracranial pressure. Therefore a safe and fast surgical procedure is needed.Currently the "landmark-based" placement of intraventricular catheters is the gold standard. Nonetheless it is known that more than 60% of the catheters are not placed accurately performing "landmark-based" procedures. When the catheter is not placed accurately multiple punctures may be required. Incorrectly placed intraventricular catheters may lead to undesirable side effects like catheter dysfunction,in which case a correction of the catheter position or a even a new puncture will be required. These corrections increase the risk of intracerebral hemorrhages, infections or secondary brain injuries. In this study, the investigators will prospectively investigate whether ultrasound guidance increases the number of well-placed ventricular catheters and reduces the number of undesirable side effects. In this study the correct catheter position is defined when the catheter tip is located in the lateral ventricle (ipsilateral to the burrhole) anterior of the foramen of Monro. Catheter tip position will be assessed by cranial computer tomography after the operation. The CT scans will be evaluated by an independent expert rater, blinded for the procedure type. These incorrectly placed intraventricular catheters may lead to undesirable side effects, like catheter dysfunction wherefore a correction of the catheter position or a even a new puncture has to be done. These corrections increase the risk of intracerebral hemorrhages, infections or secondary brain damages.

In this study, the investigators will prospectively investigate if ultrasound guidance may raise the number of well placed ventricular catheters and may reduce the number of undesirable side effects. In this study the correct catheter position is defined when the catheter tip is located in the ipsilateral lateral ventricle (to the burrhole) anterior of the foramen of monroi and will be assessed by cranial computer tomography after operation. The CT Scans will be evaluated by an independent expert rater, blinded for the procedure type.

Objective

Aim of the study is to investigate whether ultrasound guidance of ventricular catheter placement leads to a lower number of incorrectly placed catheters and lower number of punctures compared to the landmark-based procedure.

Methods

This study is a prospective randomized controlled clinical trial. A total of 90 patients will be included in the study and randomized in two groups with 45 patients each (ultrasound-guided group and landmark-based group). The position of the ventricular catheter will be assessed using cranial computer tomography (CCT). The CT Scans will be evaluated by two independent expert raters, blinded for the procedure type.

Eligibility Criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

* Age \>/= 18 years
* Intraventricular catheter insertion or/and intraventricular pressure measurement indicated
* Written informed consent

Exclusion Criteria

* Age \< 18 years
* previous ventricular punction \< 4 weeks
* bedside puncture indicated