Vorasidenib Maintenance for IDH Mutant Astrocytoma

The main goal of VIGOR is to demonstrate that vorasidenib maintenance therapy improves locally assessed progression-free survival (PFS) from enrolment compared to placebo in patients with IDH-mutant, CNS5 WHO Grade 2 or 3 astrocytoma following the completion of first-line chemoradiotherapy.

The primary endpoint is Progression-free survival (PFS), as assessed locally from the date of enrolment using the RANO 2.0 criteria.

In this a comparative, randomized (1:1), triple blinded, multicentre phase III superiority trial with one stopping rule for efficacy and futility after end of enrolment, participants in the experimental arm will receive vorasidenib orally once daily at a dose of 40 mg in continuous 28-day cycles while participants in the control arm will receive a matched oral placebo once daily in continuous 28-day cycles

Diffuse gliomas are the most common primary brain tumors in adults and are associated with high morbidity and mortality. Approximately 25% of diffuse gliomas harbour mutations in the isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) 1 or 2 genes. Among IDH-mutated gliomas, IDH-mutant astrocytoma is the most common diagnosis and occurs mainly in adults in their thirties or forties. Most cases correspond to CNS5 WHO grade 2 and 3, while grade 4 tumors are rare. The prognosis of grade 2 and 3 tumors is significantly better (median overall survival times up to 10 years) than that of grade 4 tumors (median overall survival times around 3-7 years).

According to international guidelines and based on randomized clinical trials, treatment options for IDH-mutated astrocytoma after maximum safe neurosurgical resection include active surveillance or radiotherapy followed by chemotherapy with procarbazine, lomustine and vincristine (PCV) or temozolomide. An active surveillance strategy, however, can be recommended for patients with oligodendroglioma grade 2 or astrocytoma grade 2 with particularly favourable prognostic factors, such as absence of neurological deficits and limited tumor burden. Despite this multimodal treatment, IDH-mutant astrocytomas recur and ultimately lead to patient death, with median progression-free survival times around 7 years and overall survival times of approximately 9-11 years. Novel treatment strategies are needed to extend the survival of these patients.

Recently, the international randomized placebo-controlled phase III INDIGO trial has shown considerable efficacy on progression free survival of the mutant IDH inhibitor vorasidenib in patients with IDH-mutant diffuse grade 2 gliomas that were considered candidates for an active surveillance strategy by the treating physician. Vorasidenib (AG881) is an orally available brain-penetrant dual inhibitor of mutant IDH1 and IDH2 proteins. INDIGO enrolled patients with residual or recurrent non-enhancing grade 2 IDH-mutant glioma who had not received prior radiotherapy or chemotherapy. Participants received either vorasidenib (40 mg once daily) or a matched placebo, given continuously in 28-day cycles. From January 2020 through February 2022, a total of 331 participants were randomly assigned to receive vorasidenib (168 participants) or placebo (163 participants ). The image-based progression-free survival was significantly longer for participants in the vorasidenib group than in the placebo group: 27.7 months (95% CI, 17.0 to non-estimable) vs 11.1 months (95% CI, 11.0-13.7), with a hazard-ratio for disease progression or death of 0.39 (95% CI, 0.27-0.56, p\<0.001). Additionally, time to next intervention was significantly delayed in the vorasidenib group as compared to the placebo group with a hazard ratio of 0.26 (95% CI, 0.15-0.43, p\<0.001). Adverse events leading to treatment interruption occurred in 3.6% of the vorasidenib group and 1.2% of the placebo group. An increased alanine amino transferase level of grade 3 or higher occurred in 9.6% of participants receiving vorasidenib and in none of the participants receiving placebo. Overall, based on the INDIGO trial data, registrational approval by the FDA was granted in August 2024 and EMA approval is expected. Vorasidenib is likely to enter routine clinical practice for patients with IDH-mutant gliomas that do not require immediate chemoradiotherapy.

In the current trial, the investigator will evaluate whether adding vorasidenib as maintenance therapy after completion of standard chemoradiotherapy in patients with astrocytoma, IDH-mutant, CNS5 WHO Grade 2 or 3 prolongs progression-free survival compared to placebo. This trial will also explore the effect of vorasidenib maintenance treatment on overall survival, response rate, time to next intervention, toxicity, health-related quality of life, neurological symptoms, and neurocognitive function. Additionally, this trial will enable translational research through the analysis of tissue samples, liquid biopsies (blood samples), and neuroimaging data.

Overall, VIGOR aims to establish a new standard of care for IDH-mutated, CNS5 WHO Grade 2 or 3 astrocytoma by incorporating maintenance targeted therapy with vorasidenib into the current standard of care chemoradiotherapy.

Eligibility Criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

* Before participant's enrolment, written informed consent must be given according to ICH/GCP, and national/local regulations.
* Age ≥ 18 years
* Integrated diagnosis of astrocytoma, IDH-mutant, WHO CNS5 grade 2 or 3, per local assessment
* Documented IDH1 or IDH2 mutation based on local testing of tumour tissue
* At least 1 prior surgery for glioma (biopsy, partial resection, gross-total resection)
* Completed first-line standard of care radiotherapy (minimum 50.4 Gy, photons or protons allowed) followed by SoC adjuvant chemotherapy (i.e., either 4-12 cycles of temozolomide or 2-6 cycles of PCV).
* Adequate bone marrow function: absolute neutrophil counts ≥ 1.5 x 109/L, haemoglobin ≥ 9 g/dL, platelets 100 x 109/ L.
* Adequate renal function: serum creatinine ≤ 2.0 x ULN, or creatine clearance \> 40 mL/min, as calculated based on CKD-EPI 2021 formula.
* Adequate hepatic function:

  * Total bilirubin ≤ 1.5 × ULN (except for patients with Gilbert's syndrome who are excluded if total bilirubin \> 3.0 × ULN or direct bilirubin ≥1.5 × ULN)
  * Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) ≤ 1.5 x ULN.
  * Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) ≤ 2.5 x ULN.
* Recovered from any clinically relevant toxicity of the previous chemoradiotherapy cycle unless stable and manageable per investigator´s judgement
* WHO performance status 0-2
* Stable or decreasing corticosteroid dose, or no use of corticoids, for at least 7 days prior to enrollment.
* Baseline brain MRI available, as defined in the schedule of assessments
* Available FFPE tumour tissue from prior neurosurgery for central biobanking and translational research
* Women of childbearing potential (WOCBP) must have a negative serum pregnancy test within two weeks prior to enrolment.
* Participants of childbearing / reproductive potential should use two adequate methods of birth control, including a highly effective method and a barrier method during the study treatment period and for at least 90 days after the last dose of treatment.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Presence of 1p19q co-deletion, per local assessment.
* Tumour recurrence or progression per RANO 2.0 criteria between first day of radiotherapy and enrolment, per local assessment
* Last chemotherapy dose of first line chemoradiotherapy less than 6 weeks or more than 12 weeks before enrolment
* Prior therapy with an IDH inhibitor or IDH vaccine
* Any prior or concurrent malignancy whose natural history or treatment has the potential to interfere with the safety or efficacy assessment of the investigational regimen.
* Integrated diagnosis of astrocytoma, IDH-mutated, CNS5 WHO grade 4
* Pregnancy or breastfeeding
* Significant known active cardiac disease within 6 months before enrollment, including New York Heart Association Class III or IV congestive heart failure, myocardial infarction, unstable angina, and/or stroke.
* Known hypersensitivity to any of the components of vorasidenib.
* Ongoing use of medications that are CYP2C8, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, or CYP3A substrates with a narrow therapeutic index. Participants must be transferred to other medications before receiving the first dose of study drug.
* Known active hepatitis B virus (HBV) or hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, known positive human immunodeficiency virus antibody results, or AIDS-related illness.

Participants with a sustained viral response to HCV treatment or immunity to prior HBV infection will be permitted. Participants with chronic HBV that is adequately suppressed by institutional practice will be permitted.

• Known active inflammatory gastrointestinal disease, chronic diarrhea, previous gastric resection or lap band dysphagia, short-gut syndrome, gastroparesis, or other condition that limits the gastrointestinal absorption of drugs administered orally.

Gastroesophageal reflux disease under medical treatment is allowed (assuming no drug interaction potential).

* Inability or known contraindication to undergo contrast media MRI.
* Any psychological, familial, sociological or geographical condition potentially hampering compliance with the study protocol and follow-up schedule; those conditions should be assessed and discussed with the patient before the enrolment in the trial.