Empagliflozin as a Treatment for Severe Congenital Neutropenia Due to G6PC3 Deficiency

Background:

Severe congenital neutropenia (SCN) is an immune system disease. People with SCN do not have enough of a kind of white blood cell called neutrophils. This means they get sick easily from infections. Some drugs to treat SCN have lots of side effects. Researchers want to see if a the drug empagliflozin can help increase the number of neutrophils in a person with SCN.

Objective:

To see if a drug called empagliflozin can help people with SCN.

Eligibility:

Adults aged 18 and older with SCN.

Design:

Participants will be screened with a physical exam, medical history, and blood tests. They may have a pregnancy test.

Participants will have study visits and local lab visits. They will repeat the screening tests. They will have heart and lung function tests. They will have an ultrasound of the liver and spleen. Their skin symptoms will be photographed. They may have consultations with specialists. They may give a stool sample. They may have an optional colonoscopy with tissue sample collection. They may have an optional bone marrow biopsy and aspirate. They may have an optional magnetic resonance imaging scan of their heart.

Participants will be admitted to NIH for 5 7 days. They will start taking the study drug as a pill once daily. They will be monitored for side effects.

Participants will take the study drug at home for 12 months. They will use a fingerstick blood glucose meter to measure blood sugar at home.

Participants may be able to take the study drug through their local doctor after the study ends.

Participation will last for 15 months.

One symptom of G6PC3 deficiency is recurrent infections resulting from severe congenital neutropenia (SCN). Data suggest that SCN is the result of accumulation of the toxic dietary metabolite 1,5 anhydroglucitol 6 phosphate (1,5-AG6P) in leukocytes. This buildup inhibits glycolytic metabolism, thus impairing their function. Increasing urinary glucose excretion results in the urinary excretion of the precursor to 1,5-AG6P, and will likely reduce levels of 1,5-AG6P in leukocytes.

In this phase 1 open-label study, we will evaluate the safety, tolerability, and efficacy of the sodium glucose co transporter 2 inhibitor empagliflozin in patients with G6PC3 deficiency. Empagliflozin is FDA approved in doses of 10 or 25 mg daily for treatment of type 2 diabetes in adults. Eligible participants (n=5) aged \>=18 years will be on a 2-month daily regimen of 10 mg of oral empagliflozin (phase A). Participants may then be increased to 25 mg daily (phase B) if the participant fails to achieve an adequate improvement in neutropenia during phase A and is able to tolerate the higher dose, or alternatively may continue on the 10-mg dose. Participants will temporarily discontinue any current granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) regimen starting at least 7 days before the empagliflozin regimen begins, to remove or reduce the effects of concomitant G-CSF so the baseline ANC can be evaluated without confounding factors.

During phase A, participants will have blood drawn locally every two weeks for clinical lab evaluations (including ANC). A member of the study team will also contact the participant for remote AE assessment at each blood draw. During phase B, blood draws and remote AE assessments will be monthly for the first 4 months, and bimonthly for the last 6 months. Participants will have outpatient study visits at the NIH Clinical Center at the end of phase A (month 2), and at months 6 and 12 during phase B.

Eligibility Criteria:
* INCLUSION CRITERIA:

  1. Aged \>=18 years.
  2. Documented SCN due to G6PC3 deficiency defined by genetic testing.
  3. History of ANC consistently \<1000 cells/microL when not treated with G-CSF.
  4. Current ANC\<1000 cells/microL when not treated with G-CSF.
  5. Participants must agree not to become pregnant for the duration of the study. Study participants must use 2 methods of birth control when engaging in sexual activities that can result in pregnancy, beginning 30 days before the first dose of empagliflozin through one month after treatment ends. One method must be a male or female condom. The other method may be any of the following:

     1. Hormonal contraception.
     2. Diaphragm or cervical cap with a spermicide.
     3. Intrauterine device.
  6. Able to provide informed consent.

EXCLUSION CRITERIA:

Individuals meeting any of the following criteria will be excluded from study participation:

1. Renal failure or eGFR\<45 mL/min/1.73 m\^2.
2. Type 1 diabetes mellitus.
3. Fasting hypoglycemia (\<60 mg/dL).
4. Known hypersensitivity or allergy to any component of empagliflozin.
5. Pregnant.
6. Breastfeeding.
7. Any condition that, in the opinion of the investigator, contraindicates participation in this study.