Healthy Volunteer Short Chain Fatty Acid Study

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the production of short chain fatty acids (fatty acids are part of your diet) in stool through the measurement of fecal inulin after a one-time ingestion of 10-gram dose of inulin among healthy adult volunteers.

The Study involves 2 visits and will include 3 types of subjects. Any healthy adult between the ages of 18 and 75 with no prior history of GI disease or symptoms is eligible to participate in the study.

Visit 1 (Day 1) - Screening Visit and Informed Consent At this Visit volunteers will do the following

* Volunteers will be asked to read and sign the informed consent after all questions about the study have been answered. This is a screening visit, and we may determine that the volunteers ineligible to continue to participate in the study.
* Volunteers will have medical history taken including demographics, symptoms and history of illness.
* Volunteers will be asked about the medications.
* A physical exam will be performed by the physician.
* Vital signs will be measured.
* Volunteers will be scheduled for study-days and will fill out a bowel disease questionnaire (BDQ).
* Volunteers will be provided instructions for collection, storage, and transportation of stool for your next visit.
* Volunteers will be provided a kit for stool collection, storage, and transportation.
* Volunteers will be provided a bowel pattern diary to record bowel symptoms over the course of the study.
* Volunteers will also be provided with 10-gram inulin powder supplement and will be required to consume the inulin before 9 am on Day 2.

Day 2 (at home):

* Day 2 reflects the first day of active study. Day 2 may occur anytime up to 30 days after Day 1. This will depend whether the volunteers need to stop any medications or on the day they are able to return for the final visit.
* Volunteers will have to consume the inulin supplement before 9 am on Day 2. The first 24-hour stool collection will begin starting at 7 am on Day 2 and will continue until 7 am on Day 3.
* All collected stool should be stored as per instructions provided on Day 1 (screening visit).
* Volunteers will be asked to record bowel symptoms using the bowel diary card and dietary intake data for four days from Day 2 through Day 5 by using diaries (diet information may be recorded using either the paper diaries that are provided or the web-based Automated Self-Administered Dietary Assessment Tool (https://epi.grants.cancer.gov/asa24/).

Day 3 to 4 (at home) - The second 24-hour stool collection will begin starting at 7 am on Day 3 and continue until 7 am Day 4. Volunteers will record the diet for Day 3 to 4 as "Day 3 Diet" and will record bowel symptoms using a Bowel Diary Card.

Day 4 to 5 (at home)- Volunteers will start third 24-hour stool collection at 7 am on Day 4 and continue until 7 am Day 5. The diet for Day 4 to 5 should be recorded as "Day 4 Diet." Volunteers will record the bowel symptoms using a Bowel Diary Card.

Day 5 to 6 (at home)- The fourth 24-hour stool collection begins at 7 am on Day 5 and continue until 7 am Day 6. Volunteers will record the diet for Day 5 to 6 as "Day 5 Diet" and will record bowel symptoms using a Bowel Diary Card.

Visit 2 (Day 6) - End of study: Volunteers will return the refrigerated stool specimens, bowel diaries and dietary intake diaries to the study team. Diaries may also be returned by mail, fax, or by electronic submission. For the diet diaries, volunteers will have the option to complete paper diaries or the Automated Self-Administered Dietary Assessment. Volunteers' participation in the study will end after this visit.

Eligibility Criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

* Healthy adults ages 18-75 years with no prior history of GI disease or symptoms.
* Participants should be on a stable and consistent diet regimen and should not be following an extreme diet intervention such as gluten-free or a low fermentable oligo-, di-, monosaccharides, and polyols diet (FODMAP) diet at the time of study participation

Exclusion Criteria:

* History of microscopic colitis, inflammatory bowel disease, celiac disease, visceral cancer, chronic infectious disease, immunodeficiency, uncontrolled thyroid disease, history of liver disease or history of elevated aspartate transaminase/alanine transaminase \> 2.0x the upper limit of normal
* Prior therapy of the abdomen or abdominal surgeries with the exception of appendectomy or cholecystectomy \> 6 months prior to study initiation
* Ingestion of any prescription, over the counter, or herbal medications which can affect study interpretation within 6 months of study initiation for asymptomatic volunteers. Rescue therapy to facilitate stool collection will be permitted where needed.
* Any females who are pregnant or breast-feeding
* Antibiotic usage within 3 months prior to study participation
* Prebiotic or probiotic usage within the 2 weeks prior to study initiation
* Inulin usage within the 2 weeks prior to study initiation
* Use of tobacco products within the past 6 months