Bone-Lead Level Associations with Brain and Mental Health

The goal of this study is to assess cumulative lead exposure among treatment-seeking patients in the MUSC hospital system receiving experimental transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), transcranial direct-current stimulation (tDCS), an electroencephalogram (EEG), and/or transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) therapies to determine whether lead exposure represents a risk factor for more severe mental illness or a modifier of treatment response. Information will be obtained from patients with a variety of neuropsychiatric disorders recruited to existing hospital studies. This information will include the results of bone-lead testing, brief cognitive tests, and self-reported psychiatric symptoms and behaviors.

The goal of this study is to assess cumulative lead exposure among treatment-seeking patients in the MUSC hospital system receiving experimental transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), transcranial direct-current stimulation (tDCS), an electroencephalogram (EEG), and/or transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) therapies to determine whether lead exposure represents a risk factor for more severe mental illness or a modifier of treatment response. Information will be obtained from patients with a variety of neuropsychiatric disorders recruited to existing hospital studies. This information will include the results of bone-lead testing, brief cognitive tests, and self-reported psychiatric symptoms and behaviors. It is anticipated that the data will serve as preliminary data for research grant applications to support further data collection among a wider clinical and non-clinical population.

Eligibility Criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

* Age 18-70
* Ability to read, write, and comprehend English
* Capacity to consent
* Consented for recontact, when applicable
* Negative pregnancy test

Additional inclusion criteria match those of parent studies, including:

* Currently meets all inclusion criteria, has agreed to be recontacted, and has consented to participate in MPFC Theta Burst Stimulation as a Treatment Tool for Alcohol Use Disorder: Effects on Drinking and Incentive Salience (PRO 102709)
* Currently meets all inclusion criteria, has agreed to be recontacted, and has consented to participate in An Open Label Study to Assess the Feasibility and Tolerability of Accelerated Theta Burst Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (iTBS-TMS) for the Treatment of Post-Partum Depression (PRO 73886)
* Currently meets all inclusion criteria, has agreed to be recontacted, and has consented to participate in Developing a Novel rTMS Intervention for Transdiagnostic Psychosocial Rehabilitation: A Dose-finding Study (PRO 82315)
* Currently meets all inclusion criteria, has agreed to be recontacted, and has consented to participate in Accelerated Repetitive TMS for Affective Dysfunction: Establishing the Dose-Response Curve (PRO 84111)
* Currently meets all inclusion criteria, has agreed to be recontacted, and has consented to participate in Modeling and Modulating Mechanisms of Escape, Avoidance, and Approach in the Anxiety Disorder Spectrum (PRO 106843)
* Currently meets all inclusion criteria, has agreed to be recontacted, and has consented to participate in Sign vs. Goal Tracking in Alcohol Use Disorder: Predicting problem alcohol use using a neurophysiological endophenotype of reward-based incentive salience attribution (PRO 124775)
* Currently meets all inclusion criteria, has agreed to be recontacted, and has consented to participate in Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation and Decision Making (PRO 126644)
* Currently meets all inclusion criteria, has agreed to be recontacted, and has consented to participate in The Influence of Mental States on Anticipation and Processing of Emotional Information (PRO 94001)
* Currently meets all inclusion criteria, has agreed to be recontacted, and has consented to participate in Optimizing Transdiagnostic Non-invasive Vagus Nerve Stimulation to Enhance Learning (PRO 107689)

Exclusion Criteria:

* Pregnant
* Current schizophrenia or psychotic disorder
* Inability or unwillingness of subject to give informed consent

Additional exclusion criteria match those of parent studies, including:

* Currently does not meet any exclusion criteria from MPFC Theta Burst Stimulation as a Treatment Tool for Alcohol Use Disorder: Effects on Drinking and Incentive Salience (PRO 102709)
* Currently does not meet any exclusion criteria from An Open Label Study to Assess the Feasibility and Tolerability of Accelerated Theta Burst Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (iTBS-TMS) for the Treatment of Post-Partum Depression (PRO 73886)
* Currently does not meet any exclusion criteria from Developing a Novel rTMS Intervention for Transdiagnostic Psychosocial Rehabilitation: A Dose-finding Study (PRO 82315)
* Currently does not meet any exclusion criteria from Accelerated Repetitive TMS for Affective Dysfunction: Establishing the Dose-Response Curve (PRO 84111)
* Currently does not meet any exclusion criteria from Modeling and Modulating Mechanisms of Escape, Avoidance, and Approach in the Anxiety Disorder Spectrum (PRO 106843)
* Currently does not meet any exclusion criteria from Sign vs. Goal Tracking in Alcohol Use Disorder: Predicting problem alcohol use using a neurophysiological endophenotype of reward-based incentive salience attribution (PRO 124775)
* Currently does not meet any exclusion criteria from Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation and Decision Making (PRO 126644)
* Currently does not meet any exclusion criteria from The Influence of Mental States on Anticipation and Processing of Emotional Information (PRO 94001)
* Currently does not meet any exclusion criteria from Optimizing Transdiagnostic Non-invasive Vagus Nerve Stimulation to Enhance Learning (PRO 107689)