Ipilimumab and Local Radiation for Selected Solid Tumors

This pilot phase 1-2 trial studies the side effects and best of dose ipilimumab when given together with local radiation therapy and to see how well it works in treating patients with recurrent melanoma, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, colon, or rectal cancer. Monoclonal antibodies, such as ipilimumab, can block cancer growth in different ways. Some block the ability of cancer cells to grow and spread. Others find cancer cells and help kill them or carry cancer-killing substances to them. Radiation therapy uses high energy x rays to kill cancer cells. Giving monoclonal antibody therapy together with radiation therapy may be an effective treatment for melanoma, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, colon, or rectal cancer.

* The phase 1 component ("safety") of this study is ipilimumab 25 mg monotherapy.
* The phase 2 component ("treatment-escalation") of this study is ipilimumab 25 mg plus radiation combination therapy.

PRIMARY OBJECTIVES:

1. To assess the safety of combining intratumoral anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA4) immunotherapy with local radiation therapy in patients with melanoma, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, and colorectal carcinoma with a monotherapy ipilimumab safety lead-in.

SECONDARY OBJECTIVES:

1. To assess the induction of an anti-tumor immune responses using laboratory correlative studies.
2. To determine tumor response rates and duration of response at unirradiated tumor sites in patients with advanced malignancies.
3. To identify putative immunologic biomarkers of tumor response.

OUTLINE: This is a phase I safety study of ipilimumab monotherapy, followed by a phase 2 study. Only a few subjects participated in the phase 1 portion of this study. The phase 2 treatment-escalation portion of this study (ipilimumab plus radiation combination therapy) was not conducted.

Patients receive ipilimumab intratumorally on day 1 and undergo local radiation therapy within 48 hours for at least 3 fractions.

After completion of study treatment, patients are followed up at 4 and 8 weeks, and then every 24 weeks for 5 years.

Eligibility Criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

* Willing and able to give written informed consent

  * Before any study procedures are performed, subjects (or their legally acceptable representatives) will have the details of the study described to them, and they will be given a written informed consent document to read; then, if subjects consent to participate in the study, they will indicate that consent by signing and dating the informed consent document in the presence of study personnel
* Histologically confirmed malignancy

  * In Phase 1, histologically confirmed melanoma.
  * In Phase 2, histologically confirmed melanoma, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, or colorectal carcinoma
* Must have failed at least 1 systemic therapy or be intolerant to at least one prior systemic treatment
* Must have at least 2 lesions of evaluable size by modified World Health Organization (mWHO)/Cheson criteria; 1 of 2 lesions must be amenable to biopsy (core or fine needle aspirate) and intratumoral injection of up to 5 mL (diameter ≥ 10mm)
* Subjects with asymptomatic brain metastases are eligible; (systemic steroids should be avoided if possible, or the subject should be stable on the lowest clinically effective dose, as steroids as they may interfere with the activity of ipilimumab if administered at the time of the first ipilimumab dose)
* Must be at least 28 days since treatment with standard or investigational chemotherapy, biochemotherapy, surgery, radiation, cytokine therapy, or immunotherapy, and recovered from any clinically significant toxicity experienced during treatment
* Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status of 0, 1, or 2
* Life expectancy of ≥ 16 weeks
* Subjects must have baseline (screening/baseline) radiographic images, (e.g. brain, chest, abdomen, pelvis, and bone scans with specific imaging tests to be determined by the attending physician) within 6 weeks of initiation of ipilimumab
* White blood cell (WBC) ≥ 2000/uL (\~2 x 10\^9/L)
* Absolute neutrophil count (ANC) ≥ 1000/uL (\~0.5 x 10\^9/L)
* Platelets ≥ 75 x 10\^3/uL (\~75 x 10\^9/L)
* Hemoglobin ≥ 9 g/dL (may be transfused)
* Creatinine ≤ 2.0 x upper limit of normal (ULN)
* Aspartate aminotransferase (AST)/alanine aminotransferase (ALT) ≤ 2.5 x ULN for subjects without liver metastasis ≤ 5 times for liver metastases
* Bilirubin ≤ 2.0 x ULN (except for subjects with Gilbert's syndrome, who must have a total bilirubin of less than 3.0 mg/dL)
* No active or chronic infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B, or hepatitis C
* Women of childbearing potential (WOCBP) must be using an adequate method of contraception to avoid pregnancy throughout the study and for up to 26 weeks after the last dose of investigational product, in such a manner that the risk of pregnancy is minimized; WOCBP include any female who has experienced menarche and who has not undergone successful surgical sterilization (hysterectomy, bilateral tubal ligation, or bilateral oophorectomy) or is not post-menopausal; post-menopause is defined as:

  * Amenorrhea ≥ 12 consecutive months without another cause, or
  * For women with irregular menstrual periods and taking hormone replacement therapy (HRT), a documented serum follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) level ≥ 35 mIU/mL
* Women who are using oral contraceptives, other hormonal contraceptives (vaginal products, skin patches, or implanted or injectable products), or mechanical products such as an intrauterine device or barrier methods (diaphragm, condoms, spermicides) to prevent pregnancy, or are practicing abstinence or where their partner is sterile (eg, vasectomy) should be considered to be of childbearing potential; WOCBP must have a negative serum or urine pregnancy test (minimum sensitivity 25 IU/L or equivalent units of human chorionic gonadotropin \[HCG\]) within 72 hours before the start of ipilimumab
* Men of fathering potential must be using an adequate method of contraception to avoid conception throughout the study (and for up to 26 weeks after the last dose of investigational product) in such a manner that the risk of pregnancy is minimized

Exclusion Criteria:

* Any other malignancy from which the patient has been disease-free for less than 5 years, with the exception of adequately treated and cured basal or squamous cell skin cancer, superficial bladder cancer or carcinoma in situ of the cervix
* Autoimmune disease: patients with a history of inflammatory bowel disease, including ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, are excluded from this study, as are patients with a history of symptomatic disease (eg, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic progressive sclerosis \[scleroderma\], systemic lupus erythematosus, autoimmune vasculitis \[eg, Wegener's Granulomatosis\]); motor neuropathy considered of autoimmune origin (e.g. Guillain-Barre Syndrome and Myasthenia Gravis)
* Any underlying medical or psychiatric condition, which in the opinion of the investigator will make the administration of ipilimumab hazardous or obscure the interpretation of adverse events (AEs), such as a condition associated with frequent diarrhea
* Patients with underlying heart conditions who are deemed ineligible for surgery by cardiology consult
* Any non-oncology vaccine therapy used for prevention of infectious diseases (for up to 1 month before or after any dose of ipilimumab)
* A history of prior treatment with ipilimumab or prior CD137 agonist or CTLA 4 inhibitor or agonist
* Concomitant therapy with any of the following: interleukin-2 (IL 2), interferon, or other non-study immunotherapy regimens; cytotoxic chemotherapy; immunosuppressive agents; other investigation therapies; or chronic use of systemic corticosteroids

  * A history of AEs with prior IL-2 or Interferon will not preclude subjects from entering the current study
* Any investigational agents
* Immunosuppressive agents (unless required for treating potential AEs)
* Chronic systemic corticosteroids (unless required for treating treatment emergent AEs or required for management of signs or symptoms due to brain metastases, upon discussion with Bristol-Myers Squibb \[BMS\] medical monitor)
* Prisoners or subjects who are compulsorily detained (involuntarily incarcerated) for treatment of either a psychiatric or physical (eg, infectious) illness
* Women of childbearing potential (WOCBP) who:

  * Are unwilling or unable to use an acceptable method of contraception to avoid pregnancy for their entire study period and for at least 8 weeks after cessation of study drug, or
  * Have a positive pregnancy test at baseline, or
  * Are pregnant or breastfeeding
* Persons of reproductive potential must agree to use an adequate method of contraception throughout treatment and for at least 8 weeks after ipilimumab is stopped; sexually active WOCBP must use an effective method of birth control during the course of the study, in a manner such that risk of failure is minimized; before study enrollment, WOCBP must be advised of the importance of avoiding pregnancy during study participation and the potential risk factors for an unintentional pregnancy; all WOCBP MUST have a negative pregnancy test before first receiving ipilimumab; if the pregnancy test is positive, the patient must not receive ipilimumab and must not be enrolled in the study