Supraclavicular Bupivacaine Vs. Supraclavicular Liposomal Bupivacaine for Orthopedic Wrist Surgery

Orthopedic wrist procedures often cause significant postoperative pain. A supraclavicular nerve block is an effective and proven method to help reduce postoperative pain and decrease opioid use around the time of upper extremity surgery. Liposomal bupivacaine (Exparel) has been approved for use around the brachial plexus, but its analgesic efficacy has limited data. The investigators' goal is to evaluate the effectiveness of Exparel as compared to plain bupivacaine. The investigators hope to ensure the quality of pain control around the time of distal radius fracture repair and reduce the variability of care at the investigators institution by prospectively and rigorously collecting perioperative data during this study.

Purpose: Orthopedic wrist procedures often cause significant postoperative pain. A supraclavicular nerve block is an effective and proven method to help reduce postoperative pain and decrease opioid use around the time of shoulder surgery. Liposomal bupivacaine (Exparel) has been approved for use around the brachial plexus, but its analgesic efficacy has limited data. The investigators goal is to evaluate the effectiveness of Exparel as compared to the investigators prior standard practice of using plain bupivacaine. The investigators hope to ensure the quality of pain control around the time of distal radius fracture repair and reduce the variability of care at the investigators institution by prospectively and rigorously collecting perioperative data during this study.

Participants: Adult participants age \> 18 undergoing orthopedic wrist surgery at the University of North Carolina ambulatory surgery center and University of North Carolina Hillsborough campus Exclusion Criteria: the below are simply contraindications to regional anesthesia in general, this is a pragmatic study to evaluate the quality of care for these subjects with no additional exclusion criteria.- Contraindications to regional anesthesia- Significant peripheral neuropathy or neurological disorder affecting the upper extremity- Pregnancy- Cognitive or psychiatric condition that might affect patient assessment and/or inability to provide informed consent.

Procedures (methods): This is a prospective, randomized comparison of participants undergoing orthopedic wrist procedures that receive one of two types of supraclavicular nerve block. Group 1 will be comprised of patients with a preoperative supraclavicular nerve block placed with 20 mL 0.5% bupivacaine. Group 2 will be comprised of participants with a preoperative supraclavicular nerve block placed with 10 mL 0.5% bupivacaine and 10 mL 1.3% Liposomal Bupivacaine (Exparel). All subjects in both groups will have a similar intraoperative general anesthetic with multimodal analgesic pre-op oral medications. Outcomes measured by Post anesthesia care unit assessment and telephone follow up: see uploaded data collection form.

Eligibility Criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

* Age greater than or equal to 18
* Scheduled for distal radius fracture repair at University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Contraindications to regional anesthesia
* Emergent surgery Open fractures will be treated emergently and will not allow adequate lead time for enrollment in this study. Also, open fractures are usually accompanied by other traumatic injuries that would confound the pain related outcomes in this study.
* Significant peripheral neuropathy or neurological disorder affecting the upper extremity
* Pregnancy Pregnant women have physiologic changes that make them more sensitive to local anesthetics. That would introduce a confounding element in interpreting the effectiveness of the peripheral nerve blocks being studied.
* Cognitive or psychiatric condition that might affect patient assessment and/or inability to provide informed consent.