Vorinostat, Cladribine, and Rituximab in Treating Patients With Mantle Cell Lymphoma, Relapsed Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia, or Relapsed B Cell Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma

This phase II trial studies how well giving vorinostat, cladribine, and rituximab together works in treating patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), or B cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) that has returned after a period of improvement. Vorinostat may stop the growth of cancer cells by blocking some of the enzymes needed for cell growth. Drugs used in chemotherapy, such as cladribine, work in different ways to stop the growth of cancer cells, either by killing the cells, by stopping them from dividing, or by stopping them from spreading. Monoclonal antibodies, such as rituximab, may block cancer growth in different ways by targeting certain cells. Giving vorinostat together with cladribine and rituximab may kill more cancer cells.

PRIMARY OBJECTIVES:

I. Determine objective response rates of the SCR regimen (vorinostat, cladribine, and rituximab) in B-cell malignancies.

II. Determine the tolerability and toxicities of the SCR regimen.

SECONDARY OBJECTIVES:

I. Evaluate progression free survival in patients treated with SCR. II. Estimate event free survival for patients treated with SCR. III. Determine the contribution (if any) of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) methylation/histone deacetylation to disease progression and/or response to SCR combination chemotherapy.

IV. Perform scientific correlates to determine if SCR treatment a) is associated with global and gene specific changes in transcription of messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA)s and micro ribonucleic acid (MiRNA)s b) is acting as an inhibitor of DNA methylation c) is activating or silencing specific genes or miRNAs.

OUTLINE:

Patients receive vorinostat orally (PO) on days 1-14, cladribine intravenously (IV) over 2 hours on days 1-5, and rituximab IV on day 3 (weekly for the first course). Treatment repeats every 28 days for up to 6 courses in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.

After completion of study treatment, patients are followed up for 2 years and then every 6 months thereafter.

Eligibility Criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

* Patients must be able to provide informed consent according to institutional guidelines
* Patients must have: 1) MCL; or 2) relapsed or refractory cluster of differentiation (CD)20 positive B-cell indolent NHL; or 3) relapsed CLL
* Patients must have measurable disease/disease status requirements as follows:
* For CLL patients, symptomatic disease as defined by the International Workshop on Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (IWCLL) 2008 criteria that mandate treatment
* For B-cell NHL patients must have at least one of the following to be eligible:

  * Positron emission tomography (PET) avid or measurable disease by computed tomography (CT) scan defined as at least 1 lesion that measures \> 2 cm in a single dimension
  * Significant bone marrow and/or peripheral blood involvement by NHL (i.e. leukemic phase) as determined by the investigator
  * Patients with Waldenström macroglobulinemia (WM) are exempt from this requirement if they have symptomatic hyperviscosity or clinically relevant cytopenias and elevated serum immunoglobulin M (IgM)
* Patients must have adequate bone marrow reserve as indicated by an absolute neutrophil count (ANC) \> 1.500/mm\^3 and platelet count \> 150.000/mm\^3 if no bone marrow involvement; however, if there is significant lymphoma/leukemia bone marrow infiltration, no pre-existing hematologic parameters must be met
* Patients must have a performance status of 0, 1, or 2 according to Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group
* Serum creatinine \< 2.0 mg/dL or estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) \> 60 mL/min
* Serum bilirubin =\< 1.5 × upper limit of normal (ULN)
* Aspartate transaminase (AST)/alanine transaminase (ALT) =\< 2.5 × ULN
* Alkaline phosphatase =\< 2.5 × ULN
* Female patients of childbearing potential must have a negative serum pregnancy test within 2 weeks prior to enrollment
* Male and female patients must agree to use an effective contraceptive method during the study and for a minimum of 6 months after study treatment

Exclusion Criteria:

* Significant hypersensitivity to cladribine or vorinostat; hypersensitivity to rituximab infusion is not an exclusion criterion; however, appropriate changes to infusion schedules will be made based on current or prior reactions
* Current concomitant chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or immunotherapy other than as specified in the protocol
* Patients with a diagnosis of a relapsed/refractory aggressive cluster of differentiation antigen 20 (CD20)+ B-cell neoplasm defined as Burkitt's lymphoma or diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
* A diagnosis of acute lymphoplasmic leukemia, and lymphoblastic lymphoma
* Use of investigational agents or any anticancer therapy within 2 weeks before study entry with the exception of hydroxyurea and steroids; the patient must have recovered from all acute toxicities from any previous therapy
* Have any other severe concurrent disease, or have a history of serious organ dysfunction or disease involving the heart, kidney, liver, or other organ system that may place the patient at undue risk to undergo treatment
* Patients with a systemic fungal, bacterial, viral, or other infection not controlled (defined as exhibiting ongoing signs/symptoms related to the infection and without improvement, despite appropriate antibiotics or other treatment)
* Pregnant or lactating patients
* Any significant concurrent disease, illness, or psychiatric disorder that would compromise patient safety or compliance, interfere with consent, study participation, follow up, or interpretation of study results
* Patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) or human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) associated complex are not eligible for treatment
* Patients with active hepatitis B or C are not eligible for the study
* Patients taking other histone deacetylases (HDAC) inhibitors; for example, patients taking valproic acid, there must be a 14 day washout period prior to enrollment in this study