Multi-Omics to Predict the Blood Pressure Response to Antihypertensives

The goal of this clinical trial is to develop biomarkers composed of multiple OMICs (MOMICs) for prediction of blood pressure response to antihypertensive drugs in the treatment of primary hypertension. The main objectives are:

* Primary objective:

  - To identify MOMICs biomarkers that predict the response in 24-hour blood pressure to antihypertensive treatment for each treatment group (olmesartan, amlodipine, hydrochlorothiazide, olmesartan/amlodipine)
* Secondary objectives:

  * To identify a MOMICs biomarker that predict the response in night-time blood pressure to anti-hypertensive treatment for each treatment group (olmesartan, amlodipine, hydrochlorothiazide, olmesartan/amlodipine)
  * To identify MOMICs biomarkers that predict side effects, including changes in QoLof olmesartan, amlodipine and hydrochlorothiazide.
* Exploratory objective:

  * To assess changes in MOMICs biomarkers induced by each drug

Participants will undergo three 4-week treatment periods:

* Each subject receives 3 out of 4 possible treatments (olmesartan, amlodipine, hydrochlorothiazide, olmesartan/amlodipine).
* Before and after each treatment period OMICS measurements and an ABPM are performed.
* At the end of each treatment period blood is sampled for drug level testing to assess adherence.
* Electrolytes and kidney function are checked 5-7 days after start of each treatment period.


Eligibility Criteria:
Inclusion criteria

* Age 18 up to and including 75 years
* 24 hours systolic blood pressure 130-164 (corresponding with grade 1-2 hypertension), without the use of blood pressure lowering agents (at screening for patients without pre-treatment or after 4 week wash-out of antihypertensive medication for subjects using a single antihypertensive agent at screening)
* Indication for antihypertensive therapy according to the 2023 European Society of Hypertension Guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension
* Subject is not treated with antihypertensive drugs or is treated with a single antihypertensive drug.
* Female patients must be non-lactating and at no risk of pregnancy for one of the following reasons: 1 year postmenopausal, surgically sterile, or willing to use an acceptable method of contraception (oral contraceptives, approved contraceptive implants, long-term injectable contraception, intrauterine devices, or tubal ligation are allowed.)

Exclusion criteria

A potential subject who meets any of the following criteria will be excluded from participation in this study:

* Treatment with 2 or more antihypertensive drugs \< 3 months before inclusion. It is not allowed to stop medication for study purposes in subjects treated with 2 or more anti-hypertensive drugs.
* Known diagnosis of secondary hypertension to an identifiable cause other than treated sleep apnea (e.g., hyperaldosteronism, renal artery stenosis, pheochromocytoma, Cushing's syndrome, coarctation of the aorta, uncontrolled hyper- or hypothyroidism and intracranial tumor)
* Use of VEGF inhibitors, calcineurin inhibitors, glucocorticosteroids, erythropoietin stimulation agents, daily use of NSAID's
* Use of MDMA, methamphetamine, cocaine
* Use of glycyrrhetinic acid containing products , i.e. liquorice, specific herbal teas, \<4 weeks before inclusion. (If patients are willing to stop the intake of glycyrrhetinic acid containing products for the duration of the trial, they can be rescreened after 4 weeks of stopping glycyrrhetinic acid containing products)
* Use of potassium containing supplements
* Concurrent use of medication or a supplement with significant drug interaction with study medication. Special attention is warranted for amlodipine which is metabolized by Cyp3A4. Subjects using strong inhibitors or inducers of Cyp3A4 are excluded from participation in this trial. A list of strong inhibitors and inducers is provided in Addendum 1 of this protocol. For information on possible drug interactions we refer to the website of Lexi-Interact Online (Lexicomp® Drug Interactions - UpToDate (doctorabad.com): https://doctorabad.com/UpToDate/d/di.htm).
* History of myocardial infarction, angina pectoris
* History of atrial fibrillation
* History of severe valvular or structural heart disease (excluding left ventricular hypertrophy)
* History of NYHA class III or IV heart failure or known reduced left ventricular function (ejection fraction (EF) \<30%)
* History of cerebrovascular accident or transient ischemic attack
* History of hypertensive crisis
* History of liver failure
* History of skin cancer
* History of gout
* Current hyperparathyroidism
* Current biliary tract obstruction
* Pregnancy
* Life expectancy \< 1 year
* Known side effect or contra-indication to treatment with calcium channel blockers
* Known side effect or contra-indication to treatment with angiotensin II receptor blockers
* Known side effect or contra-indication to treatment with thiazide diuretics
* Arm circumference \> 46 cm
* Sodium level outside reference range at screening visit
* Potassium level outside reference range at screening visit
* Calcium level outside reference range at screening visit
* eGFR \< 50 ml/min/1,73m2
* Use of loop diuretics.