Translation and Validation of the SIRSI and TSK-SI Into German

Clinicians need to evaluate the psychological readiness to return to sports after an shoulder injury. The SIRSI is a questionnaire that provides such information, however it has not yet been translated and tested for a German speaking population (Switzerland, Austria or Germany). Similarily the TSK-SI is a questionnaire that measures fear of movement in patients with shoulderinstability, which is also not available to German speaking patients.

We conduct this study to translate both questionnaires into German and test it in German speaking patients in Switzerland.

Return to Sports (RTS) is an important outcome measure after shoulder instability treatment (Abdul-Rassoul et al., 2019). While the definition of returning to sport is not clear (Doege et al., 2021), efforts have been made to provide consensus. The concept of Return to Sport is multifactorial consisting of physical, psychological, and social/contextual factors in an interplay with sociodemographic and injury factors. Furthermore, different stages of RTS have been defined (Ardern et al., 2016). To take all factors into account, outcome measures like the ACL-RSI for anterior cruciate ligament ruptures have been invented (Webster et al., 2008). To provide such a measure for the shoulder instability cohort Gerometta et al (2018) have adapted the ACL-RSI to a shoulder instability population and named it the Shoulder Instability Return to Sport Index (SIRSI). Since then, this outcome has been frequently used to determine psychological readiness to RTS (Rossi et al., 2022). Despite an available German translation, published by a German insurance company (Return-to-Competition Schulter: Shoulder Instability-Return to Sport after Injury (SIRSI)-Skala (vbg.de), accessed 23.01.2024), the SIRSI is not scientifically available for a German speaking population, because this version has never been officially translated and validated. Similarly the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia (TSK) has been invented to measure an excessive fear of movement due to painful injury in chronic low back pain (Miller et al., 1991). The Scale was then adapted to the shoulder instability cohort (van Iersel et al., 2023). However, it is currently not available in German. Therefore, this project seeks to translate the SIRSI and TSK-SI into a German version and validate them in a German speaking population in Switzerland.

The aim of the project is to translate the Shoulder Instability Return to Sports Index (SIRSI) and Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia - Shoulder Instability (TSK-SI) into a German version and assess its validity in a Swiss-German population of patients with shoulder instability treated conservatively or surgically and planning to return to sports.

Eligibility Criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

1. Had an instability event within last year
2. Provided general consent for local shoulder instability register at Schulthess Klinik Zürich
3. Adult patients aged 18 or older

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Are at least three months after surgery or instability event
2. Must endeavor to return to their sport
3. Have another physical or psychological disorder not related to shoulder instability compromising return to sports
4. Have a language barrier to complete the questionnaires in German
5. Are legally incapable of participating in research studies