Resistance Training to Individuals for Cognitive Impairment With Dementia

This research project aims to analyze the effects of different resistance training volumes on cognitive function, oxidative stress, immunological response, lipid profile, glycemic status, liver function, muscle function, hemodynamic response, and physical performance in individuals with mild cognitive impairment. First the investigators will analyze the effects of a single resistance training session (acute effects) with one and three sets on hemodynamic and physical performance in individuals with mild cognitive impairment. After, the investigators will analyze the effects of an 8-week resistance training program with one or three sets on cognitive function, oxidative stress, immunological response, lipid profile, glycemic status, liver function, muscle function, hemodynamic response, and physical performance in individuals with mild cognitive impairment. The investigators hypothesize that a single resistance training session of one or three sets will increase the acute hemodynamic and physical performance stress in individuals with mild cognitive impairment, although with a higher magnitude in the session with three sets. Furthermore, we hypothesize that eight weeks of resistance training with one or three sets will induce similar improvements in cognitive function, oxidative stress, immunological response, lipid profile, glycemic status, liver function, muscle function, hemodynamic response, and physical performance in individuals with mild cognitive impairment.

Following specific inclusion and exclusion criteria (see Eligibility Criteria), participants will be recruited from residential care facilities or day centers. For the acute effects study (cross-over study), participants will randomly perform two resistance training sessions separated by one week of rest: i) one session with one set and ii) another session of three sets. The intensity of the exercises, number of repetitions, type and order of exercises, movement velocity, and rest time between exercises will be the same in both groups. Before, immediately after, and 72 hours after the sessions, a battery of tests will be applied to evaluate the changes in blood pressure, heart rate, tympanic temperature, medicine ball throw distance, five-repetition sit-to-stand time, and handgrip strength. Afterward, participants will be randomly assigned into a one-set or three-set group to perform an eight-week resistance training intervention. As for the acute effects study, the prescription of the other acute training variables will be the same for both groups. A control group (without any form of physical exercise), recruited at the beginning of the research project, will also be part of the study. Before and after the intervention, a battery of tests will be applied to determine the training program's impact on cognitive function, oxidative stress, immunological response, lipid profile, glycemic status, liver function, muscle function, hemodynamic response, and physical performance in individuals with mild cognitive impairment.

Eligibility Criteria:
Inclusion criteria:

* Clinical diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment
* SPPB score ≥ 3 points
* Willingness to participate in the interventions and collaborate with the research team
* Must be able to provide informed consent (oral or written)

Exclusion criteria:

* Severe dementia
* Severe comorbidity that negatively influences participation in the intervention
* Color blindness
* Fractures in the last three months