Relationship Between Temperature and Intraoperative Bleeding in Patients Undergoing Multilevel Spinal Surgery

The primary objective of this multicentric observational study is to define the role of intraoperative temperature decrease (defined as reduction of at least 1 ° C during surgery) as haemorrhagic risk factor, evaluated as reduction of at least 1 gr / dl of hemoglobin, and to correlate it with the need for transfusion. Secondary objectives are infections and complications affecting other organs and systems incidence in the first week after surgery.

In this prospective, observational, multicentric study, after ethics committee approval and patients informed consent, 20 patients for each center undergoing elective multi-level spine surgery procedures will be enrolled. A total of 80 patients will be enrolled. No randomization or concealment is planned.

Inclusion criteria are: adults (age\> 18), American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) I-III, undergoing elective multi-level spinal surgery intervention. Patients with significant comorbidities such as severe liver disease, severe renal disease (stage III-IV), heart disease with organ failure, severe preoperative anemia requiring blood transfusions, severe pneumopathy with high probability of postoperative prolonged mechanical ventilation are excluded. Other exclusion criteria are: emergency intervention, known coagulopathy and chronic preoperative anemia.

Temperature will be measured with tympanic, anal or esophageal probe according to the availability and means of the department. Variables related to the patient (such as sex, age, BMI, smoke, anticoagulant or antiplatelet therapy in progress, presence of mild chronic hepatopathy / cardiopathy / pneumopathy / renal failure, hemoglobin and the preoperative hematocrit) will be compared with type and length of intervention, estimated blood loss, intraoperative variables (such as diuresis, minimum temperature and its variations, blood transfusions, ventilation mode) and post- operative hemoglobin level (the day after operation) to assess patient prognosis in terms of need for transfusion and infectious and respiratory complications incidence 7 days after surgery.

For each patient will be measured initial intraoperative temperature (T0) and minimum temperature (Tmin) with esophageal, anal or tympanic probe every 30 minutes during surgery. The temperature delta will be calculated as T0 - Tmin.

the investigators will compare intraoperative reduction of basal body temperature with Hb level reduction (preoperative Hb compared to Hb of the following day of intervention) considering as significant a temperature reduction of at least 1 ° C and Hb reduction of at least 1 g/dl, net of variables recognized correlated with increased bleeding in vertebral surgery (age, sex, diabetes mellitus, smoking, arterial hypertension, ASA class, intervention time, preoperative Ht) and liquid volume infused during intervention (hemodilution).

The continuous variables will be presented as mean and standard deviation while the categorical ones as frequency (percentage frequency, %).

Univariate logistic regression analysis will be applied to evaluate the effect of patients variables, surgical intervention with anesthesia management on patients prognosis in terms of need for transfusion and presence / absence of infectious and respiratory complications 7 days after surgery Variables associated with the need for transfusion and 7-day complications with p value \<0.10 on univariate analysis will be considered in a multivariate logistic regression analysis model. The area under the receiver ROC curve (AUC) will be used as a measure of the model's prediction capacity.

Eligibility Criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

* adults (age\> 18)
* ASA I-III
* elective spinal surgery
* multi-level surgery

Exclusion Criteria:

* significant comorbidities such as severe liver disease, severe renal disease (stage III-IV), heart disease with organ failure, severe preoperative anemia requiring blood transfusions, severe pneumopathy with high probability of postoperative prolonged mechanical ventilation are excluded
* emergency intervention
* known coagulopathy
* chronic preoperative anemia.