Hypothermia as an Adjunctive Therapy to Percutaneous Intervention in Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction

To evaluate and improve the safety and efficacy of hypothermia as an adjunctive therapy to percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with acute myocardial infarction.

Single-center, prospective, randomized, controlled clinical study involving at least 70 patients with up to 10 roll-in patients (for training purposes).

Male and female adults presenting with acute myocardial infarction may be eligible for this research study. To qualify, patients must go to the Emergency Room within up to 6 hours of onset of chest pain, present with anterior or inferior acute myocardial infarction with elevation of the ST segment greater than 1mm in 2 or more contiguous leads in the anterior or inferior wall and be eligible for the performance of a percutaneous intervention procedure.

The intervention will be intravascular hypothermia using Proteus System® as an adjunctive method to percutaneous coronary intervention, adjunct hypothermia methods and parameters.

During the randomization phase, at least 70 patients who meet the eligibility criteria will be randomly assigned to the 03 hour hypothermia group (percutaneous coronary intervention + cooling), to the 01 hour hypothermia group (percutaneous coronary intervention + cooling) or to the control group (percutaneous coronary intervention only) in a 1:1:1 ratio.

All patients receiving PCI + Cooling will also be randomized to groups A and B. Group A will receive 1 liter of chilled normal saline (4°C) prior to PCI/reperfusion, and Group B will not receive chilled normal saline (4°C), prior to PCI.

All patients included in the randomization phase will be included in the statistical analysis.

Approximately 10 Roll-in patients may be enrolled at the center (for training purpose), with anterior or inferior wall infarcts.

The primary endpoint will be reduction of the infarct size (%LV), studied with cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (cMR) using late gadolinium enhancement 5 days after the AMI, and 30 days after the infarction.

The secundary endpoints will be

* incidence of major adverse cardiac events (MACE) or death within 30 days;
* resolution of the ST segment elevation after PCI;
* ejection fraction determined by cMR after 30 days.
* evaluation of adverse events potentially related to hypothermia and/or endovascular cooling within 30 days.
* Differences in plaquelet aggregation during cooling and rewarming.

Eligibility Criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

* Patient aged \> 18 years.
* The patient must have symptoms consistent with an acute myocardial infarction (chest pain, that is, pain in the arm, etc.) that do not improve with nitroglycerin, with an onset of symptoms greater than 30 minutes but less than six hours before admission to the emergency room.
* Roll-In Patients: Anterior or Inferior MI with ST-segment elevation of \> 1mm in two or more contiguous anterior precordial or inferior leads.
* Randomized Patients: Anterior wall AMI with elevation of ST segment \> 1mm in two or more anterior precordial contiguous leads.
* Patient must be eligible for PCI.
* The patient or the patient's legal guardian agrees to and is willing to sign the informed consent form to participate in the clinical study (for countries where appropriate).

Exclusion Criteria:

* The patient had a previous myocardial infarction.
* The patient is experiencing cardiogenic shock (systolic blood pressure (SBP) \< 80 mmHg and not responsive to fluids, or SBP \< 100 mmHg with vasopressors, or in need of an intra-aortic balloon - IAB).
* The patient is presenting with resuscitated cardiac arrest, atrial fibrillation or Killip risk Stratification class II through IV.
* The patient has aortic dissection or requires an immediate surgical or procedural intervention other than PCI.
* The patient has known Congestive Heart Failure (CHF), hepatic failure, end-stage kidney disease or sever renal failure (clearance \< 30 ml/min/1.73m2 .
* The patient is febrile (temperature \> 37.5 °) or has experienced an infection with fever in the last 5 days.
* The patient has known previous CABG.
* The patient has known recent stroke within 90 days of admission.
* Cardiopulmonsary decompensation that has occurred en route to the hospital or in the opinion of the physician that is imminent or likely to occur following presentation to the clinical site.
* Contraindications to hypothermia, such as patients with known hematologic dyscrasias which affect thrombosis 9e.g., cryoglobulinemia, sickle cell disease, serum cold agglutinins) or vasospastic disorders (such as Raynaud's or thromboangitis obliterans.
* The patient has a known hypersensitivity or contraindication to aspirin, heparin, or sensitivity to contrast \[agents\], which cannot be adequately pre-medicated.
* The patient has a known history of bleeding diathesis, coagulopathy, cryoglobulinemia or sickle cell anemia, or will refuse blood transfusion.
* The patient is \< 1.5 m (4 feet 11 inches) tall.
* The patient has a known hypersensitivity to buspirone hydrochloride or meperidine and/or was treated with a monoamine oxidase inhibitor in the last 14 days.
* The patient has a known history of severe hepatic or renal failure, untreated hypothyroidism, Addison's disease, benign prostatic hypertrophy or urethral stricture, that in the opinion of the physician, would be incompatible with the administration of pethidine/meperidine.
* The patient has an Inferior Vena Cava filter in place (IVC).
* The patient has a pre-MI life expectancy \< 1 year due to underlying medical conditions or pre-existing morbidities.
* The patient has a known, unresolved history of drug use or alcohol dependency, or is not able to comprehend or follow the instructions.
* The patient is currently enrolled in another investigational drug or device trial that has not completed the primary endpoint. (Note: For the purpose of this protocol, patients involved in extended follow-up trials for products that were investigational but are currently commercially available are not considered enrolled in an investigational trial).
* The patient is apprehensive about or unwilling to undergo the required MRI imaging at follow-up, has a documented or suspected diagnosis of claustrophobia, or has Gadolinium allergy, or is in permanent Atrial Fibrillation.
* The patient has received thrombolytic therapy en route to the hospital
* The patient shows clinical evidence of spontaneous reperfusion as observed symptomatically and/ or from ECG findings (partial or complete ST resolution in ECG before randomization) upon admission
* The patient is a vulnerable subject, for instance, a person in detention (i.e., prisoner or ward of the state)
* The patient is a female who is known to be pregnant.