Flap Advancement Techniques in Ridge Augmentation

Different augmentation techniques has been proposed to resolve problem of hard and/or soft tissue ridge defects to enable dental implant placement. Guided bone regeneration GBR procedure is considered as an acceptable reliable surgical procedure for localized ridge augmentation. Exposure of the membrane used for the GBR is considered a major disadvantage of this procedure. In order to avoid such complication, various flap advancement techniques have been proposed such as Periosteal releasing incision,Double-Flap Incision,Coronally advanced lingual flap. The study compare between the flap advancement provided by Periosteal releasing incision,versus,Coronally advanced lingual flap in the treatment of class 1 ridge defect.

Two arms RCT will be conducted as followed:

Group A (intervention):

Full-thickness crestal incision will be made over the edentulous ridge followed by one full-thickness vertical incision on the buccal side. On the buccal side, full thickness mucoperiosteal flap will be raised with horizontal incision 1-3 mm in depth performed in the buccal flap. On the lingual side, a full-thickness mucoperiosteal flap will be elevated until reaching the mylohyoid line. A band of connective tissue continuing with the epimysium of the mylohyoid muscle is usually located in the first molar area, and is1 to 2 cm wide in a mesiodistal direction. This band is inserted into the inner part of the lingual flap approximately5 mm from the crest in an apical direction. A blunt instrument will be inserted below that connective band, and, with gentle traction in the coronal direction, this muscular insertion should be detached freeing the lingual flap from the mylohyoid muscle. Then Xenograft and Ti-mesh will be used to augment the defective site and the flap will then be sutured with interrupted sutures.

Group B ( control ):

Full-thickness crestal incision will be made over the edentulous ridge followed by one full-thickness vertical incision on the buccal side and a full thickness flap will be raised. Xenograft and Ti-mesh will be used to augment the defective site then incremental incisions of 1-3 mm into the periosteum and submucosa will be used to advance the muco-periosteal flap. The flap will then be sutured with interrupted sutures.

Eligibility Criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

* Partially edentulous patients in the mandibular posterior region.
* Patients with healthy systemic conditions.
* Insufficient ridge width (\< 5mm).
* Presence of proper inter-arch space for placement of the implant prosthetic part with adequate soft tissue biotype (≥ 2mm).
* No clinical evidence of active periodontal disease or oral infections.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Patients with systemic conditions that may interfere with the results of the study.
* Patients with local pathological defects related to the area of interest.
* Unmotivated, uncooperative patients with poor oral hygiene.
* Patients with habits that may jeopardize the implant longevity and affect the results of the study such as smoking, alcoholism or para-functional habits.
* History of bone associated diseases or medication affecting bone metabolism e.g. bisphosphonate treatment.
* History of radiation therapy in the head or neck region.
* Current antitumor chemotherapy.
* Pregnancy.
* Inflammatory and autoimmune diseases of the oral cavity.