Anifrolumab Asian PhIII Efficacy Study for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of an intravenous treatment regimen of anifrolumab versus placebo in Asian participants with active systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).

This is a Phase III, multicenter, multinational, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of an intravenous treatment regimen of 300 mg anifrolumab versus placebo in participants with moderate to severe, autoantibody positive SLE while receiving SOC treatment. The study will be performed in participants aged 18 to 70 years of age.

Participants with a confirmed diagnosis of moderate to severe active SLE and are currently receiving SOC comprising of oral corticosteroids (OCSs) and/or antimalarial, and/or immunosuppressants, either alone or any combination of them, for a required duration of treatment at a stable dose, as described in the inclusion criteria shall be included. Participants must have eligible scores for SLEDAI-2K, BILAG-2004, and PGA as confirmed by the DACRT.

Eligible participants will be randomised in a 1:1 ratio to receive either a fixed intravenous dose of 300 mg anifrolumab plus SOC or placebo plus SOC every 4 weeks (Q4W) for a total of 13 doses (Week 0 to Week 48), with the primary endpoint evaluated at the Week 52 visit.

Eligibility Criteria:
Key inclusion criteria:

1. Aged 18 to 70 years.
2. Body weight ≥ 40 kg.
3. Confirmed diagnosis of SLE(1997 ACR revised criteria) for ≥ 24 weeks.
4. Must be receiving at least one of the following SOC regimens at screening:

   1. oral prednisone monotherapy: ≥ 7.5 mg/day and ≤ 40 mg/day, stable for \> 2 weeks;
   2. Immunosuppressant(s) with or without OCS and must be stable for ≥ 8 weeks;
   3. Oral prednisone plus immunosuppressant: start date, stability and maximum dose required.
5. At least one of these antibodies positive: ANA, anti-dsDNA and anti-Smith.
6. SLEDAI-2K score ≥ 6 points at screening and "Clinical" SLEDAI-2K score ≥4 points at both screening and Day1(randomisation), and BILAG with at least 1 level A organ system or 2 level B organ system, and PGA score ≥ 1.0 at screening.
7. Chest imaging shows no clinically significant abnormalities (unless due to SLE).
8. No evidence or medical history of active TB, indeterminate TB should be referred to a TB specialist.
9. All participants should use effective contraception methods as protocol requests.
10. Any negative SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR test result at screening and no known or suspected COVID-19 infection or exposure within 2 weeks prior to screening and between screening and randomisation visits.

Key exclusion criteria:

1. History or current diagnose of clinically significant non-SLE related vasculitis, severe or unstable neuropsychiatric SLE, active severe SLE-driven renal disease, catastrophic anti-phospholipid syndrome, inflammatory joint or skin disease other than SLE, non-SLE disease that has required treatment of certain dosage of corticosteroid.
2. History or evidence of suicidal ideation or suicidal behavior.
3. History or current diagnose of MTCD or overlap syndrome, unless overlap with RA or MTCD which has developed into SLE.
4. History of recurrent infection requiring hospitalization and IV antibiotics, or opportunistic infection requiring hospitalization or IV antimicrobial treatment within 3 years of randomization, or clinically significant chronic infection within 3 months, or recent infection still under treatment.
5. History of immunodeficient condition, HIV positive included.
6. Confirmed HBsAg positive, or HBcAb positive and HBV DNA detectable, or hepatitis C antibody positive.
7. History of severe case of herpes zoster.
8. Herpes zoster, CMV or EB infection which has not completely resolved within 12 weeks before screening.
9. Acute COVID-19 infection or history of severe COVID-19.
10. History of cancer, apart from cured squamous or basal cell carcinoma and cervical cancer in situ.
11. Female participants with abnormal pap smear results.
12. Prior receipt of anifrolumab ,or any commercially available Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitor ≤ 12 weeks or Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitor ≤ 24weeks prior to signing the ICF; any investigational medicinal product(small molecule or biologic agent) within 4 weeks or 5 half-lives prior to signing of the ICF, whichever is greater.
13. Known history of allergy to any component of the IP formulation or protein related products.
14. Receipt of any of the following:

    1. Intramuscular or IV glucocorticosteroids within 6 weeks;
    2. Any live or attenuated vaccine within 8 weeks;
    3. Any restricted medication listed in protocol;
    4. Blood transfusion within 4 weeks. 15 Regular use of \> 1 NSAID within 2 weeks or receipt of fluctuating doses of a NSAID within 2 weeks.

16. Certain laboratory test results requirements. 17. Concurrent enrolment in another clinical study. 18. History or current alcohol, drug or chemical abuse within 1 year. 19. Major surgery within 8 weeks or planned elective major surgery.