Clinical Study With Blinatumomab in Pediatric and Adolescent Patients With Relapsed/Refractory B-precursor Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

The purpose of this study is to determine the dose of the bispecific T cell engager blinatumomab (MT103) in pediatric and adolescent patients with relapsed/refractory acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and to assess whether this dose of blinatumomab is effective.

Childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a type of cancer of the blood and bone marrow in which the bone marrow makes too many abnormal immature lymphocytes.

Blinatumomab is a bispecific single-chain antibody construct designed to link B cells and T cells resulting in T cell activation and a cytotoxic T cell response against cluster of differentiation (CD)19 expressing cells.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the pharmacokinetics (PK), pharmacodynamics (PD) and safety of escalating doses of blinatumomab in pediatric and adolescent patients with relapsed/refractory B-precursor ALL, to select a dose and to investigate the efficacy and safety of that dose of blinatumomab in the above-mentioned patient population.

The phase 1 part of the study included the evaluation of four dose levels of blinatumomab with comprehensive PK/PD assessments and was separated in 2 parts:

* Phase 1 dose evaluation/escalation part to define the recommended phase 2 dose of blinatumomab in patients aged 2 to 17 years
* Phase 1 PK expansion part in patients aged \< 18 years to further assess PK/PD at the recommended phase 2 dose. In this part additional participants were enrolled to ensure that 6 patients in each of the 2 older age groups (2-6 and 7-17 years) were analyzed for PK before recruitment of infants \< 2 years of age began.

In the phase 2 extension cohort (efficacy phase) of the study, eligible participants less than 18 years were enrolled according to a two-stage design and received blinatumomab at the recommended dose level (5/15 μg/m²/day).

The study consisted of a screening period, a treatment period, and an End of Core Study visit 30 days after last dose of study medication. A treatment cycle consisted of a continuous intravenous (cIV) infusion over 4 weeks followed by a treatment-free interval of 2 weeks. Participants who achieved complete remission (CR) within 2 cycles of treatment could receive up to 3 additional consolidation cycles of blinatumomab. Instead of consolidation cycles with blinatumomab, participants could be withdrawn from blinatumomab treatment to receive chemotherapy or allogeneic HSCT as early as the first cycle, at the discretion of the investigator.

After the last treatment cycle and End of Core Study visit, all participants were followed for efficacy and survival for up to 24 months after treatment start. Participants who suffered a hematological relapse of B-precursor ALL during their follow-up period (at least 3 months after completion of treatment) had the possibility for retreatment with blinatumomab.

Eligibility Criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

* Morphologic evidence of B-precursor ALL with \> 25% blasts in bone marrow (M3) at study enrolment
* Age less than 18 years at enrollment
* Relapsed/refractory disease:

  * Second or later bone marrow relapse,
  * Any marrow relapse after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), or
  * Refractory to other treatments: Patients in first relapse must have failed to achieve a CR following full standard reinduction chemotherapy regimen of at least 4 weeks duration. Patients who have not achieved a first remission must have failed a full standard induction regimen
* Karnofsky performance status more than or equal to 50% for patients more than or equal to 16 years and Lansky Performance Status (LPS) of more than or equal to 50% for patients less than 16 years
* Organ function requirements: All patients must have adequate renal and liver functions

Exclusion Criteria:

* Active acute or extensive chronic graft-versus-host disease (GvHD)
* Immunosuppressive agents to prevent or treat GvHD within 2 weeks prior to blinatumomab treatment
* Evidence for current central nervous system (CNS) involvement by ALL (CNS 2, CNS 3) or testicular involvement by ALL
* History of relevant CNS pathology or current relevant CNS pathology
* History of autoimmune disease with potential CNS involvement or current autoimmune disease
* Any HSCT within 3 months prior to blinatumomab treatment
* Cancer chemotherapy within 2 weeks prior to blinatumomab treatment (except for intrathecal chemotherapy and/or low dose maintenance therapy such as vinca alkaloids, mercaptopurine, methotrexate, glucocorticoids)
* Chemotherapy related toxicities that haven't resolved to less than or equal to Grade 2
* Radiotherapy within 2 weeks prior to blinatumomab treatment
* Immunotherapy (e.g. rituximab, alemtuzumab) within 6 weeks prior to blinatumomab treatment
* Any investigational product within 4 weeks prior to study entry
* Previous treatment with blinatumomab
* Active severe infection, any other concurrent disease or medical condition that could be exacerbated by the treatment or would seriously complicate compliance with the protocol
* Known infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) or chronic infection with hepatitis B virus (HbsAg positive) or hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV positive)