Abbreviated Breast MRI and Digital Tomosynthesis Mammography in Screening Women With Dense Breasts

This randomized phase II trial studies how well abbreviated breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and digital tomosynthesis mammography work in detecting cancer in women with dense breasts. Abbreviated breast MRI is a low cost procedure in which radio waves and a powerful magnet linked to a computer and used to create detailed pictures of the breast in less than 10 minutes. These pictures can show the difference between normal and diseased tissue. Digital tomosynthesis mammography is a procedure that uses multiple x-rays pictures of each breast to produce a 3-dimensional rendering of the entire breast. Combined screening with abbreviated breast MRI and digital tomosynthesis mammography may be a better method to screen women with dense breasts.

PRIMARY OBJECTIVES:

I. To compare the rates of detection of invasive cancers between the initial abbreviated breast (AB)-magnetic resonance (MR) and digital tomosynthesis mammography (DBT).

SECONDARY OBJECTIVES:

I. To compare the positive predictive value (PPV) of biopsies, call back rates, and short-term follow up rates after AB-MR and DBT on both the initial and 1 year follow up studies.

II. To estimate and compare the sensitivity and specificity of AB-MR and DBT, using the 1 year follow up to define a reference standard.

III. To compare patient-reported short-term quality of life related to diagnostic testing with AB-MR and DBT using the Testing Morbidities Index.

IV. To compare willingness to return for testing with AB-MRI versus (vs) DBT within the recommended screening interval and explore factors associated with willingness to return for screening.

V. To compare the tumor biologies of invasive cancers and ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) detected on AB-MR and DBT.

VI. To estimate the incident cancer rate during 3 years following the year-1 AB-MR/DBT when patients return to standard screening.

OUTLINE: Participants are randomized to 1 of 2 arms.

ARM A (DBT, AB-MR): Participants undergo DBT followed by AB-MR for under 10 minutes on the same day or within 24 hours at baseline and then after 1 year.

ARM B (AB-MR, DBT): Participants undergo AB-MR for under 10 minutes followed by DBT on the same day or within 24 hours at baseline and then after 1 year.

After completion of study, patients are followed up at every 6 months for 3 years.

Eligibility Criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

* Patents must be scheduled for routine screening DBT
* Women must not be pregnant or breast-feeding; all females of childbearing potential who are uncertain if they could be pregnant or may be pregnant or as per local site standard of practice in women undergoing DBT and MRI must have a blood test or urine study within 2 weeks prior to randomization to rule out pregnancy; a female of childbearing potential is any woman, regardless of sexual orientation or whether they have undergone tubal ligation, who meets the following criteria: 1) has not undergone a hysterectomy or bilateral oophorectomy; or 2) has not been naturally postmenopausal for at least 24 consecutive months (i.e., has had menses at any time in the preceding 24 consecutive months)
* Women of childbearing potential must be strongly advised to use an accepted and effective method of contraception or to abstain from sexual intercourse for the following year until the year 1 AB-MR and DBT studies are performed
* Patient?s breast density must be known; patients must have mammographically dense breasts, American College of Radiology \[ACR\] Breast Imaging \[BI\]- Reporting and Data System Atlas (RADS) lexicon categories c or d (heterogeneous or extreme fibroglandular tissue) on their most-recent prior screening
* Patient must be asymptomatic for breast disease and undergoing routine screening
* Patient must have no known breast cancer (DCIS or invasive cancer), not currently undergoing treatment for breast cancer, or planning surgery for a high risk lesion (atypical ductal breast hyperplasia \[ADH\], atypical lobular breast hyperplasia \[ALH\], lobular breast carcinoma in situ \[LCIS\], papilloma, radial scar)
* Patient must not be taking chemoprevention for breast cancer
* Patient must not have undergone breast ultrasound within 12 months prior to randomization
* Patient must not have previously had a breast MRI
* Patient must not have previously had molecular breast imaging (MBI, multiplexed ion beam imaging \[MIBI\])
* Patient must agree to not undergo screening ultrasound (of breast) for the duration of the 1 year study period
* Patient must not be suspected of being at high-risk for breast cancer, as defined by the American Cancer Society (ACS) breast MR screening recommendations (lifetime risk of \>= 20-25%)
* Patient must be able to undergo breast MRI with contrast enhancement; patients unable to undergo breast MRI with contrast enhancement for any reason are ineligible

  * No history of untreatable claustrophobia
  * No presence of non MR compatible metallic objects or metallic objects that, in the opinion of the radiologist, would make MRI a contraindication
  * No history of sickle cell disease
  * No contraindication to intravenous contrast administration
  * No known allergy-like reaction to gadolinium or moderate or severe allergic reactions to one or more allergens as defined by the American College of Radiology (ACR); patient may be eligible if willing to undergo pre-treatment as defined by the institution's policy and/or ACR guidance
  * No known or suspected renal impairment; requirements for glomerular filtration rate (GFR) prior to MRI as determined by local site standard practice
  * Weight less than or equal to the MRI table limit
  * No women who have had prior contrast enhanced mammography (contrast enhanced spectral mammography \[CESM\] or contrast enhanced digital mammography \[CEDM\])
  * No women who have breast prosthetic implants (silicone or saline) Exclusion Criteria