Metabolic Abnormalities - HIV Infected and Uninfected Males

To assess whether there exist significant differences in glucose metabolism, lipids, lactate, body composition, and bone density between HIV-infected and uninfected young men.

The study involves a one-time collection of health and medical history data, blood and urine specimens, and physical assessments. This study will elucidate the need for a further in-depth study to understand the pathophysiological effects of protease inhibitor (PI)-based and non-nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI)-based therapies in young men.

Eligibility Criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

* Males age 12 years and 0 days through 24 years and 364 days.
* Tanner stage 4 or 5.
* Accessible medical history and medications history.
* Willingness to fast and complete all clinical evaluations and specimen collection.
* Willingness and ability to give informed consent or assent with parental/legal guardian permission, where required.

Group 1: HIV-Negative Control Subject Specific Inclusion Criteria

* All subjects for Group 1 will be tested for HIV-1 to confirm negativity unless they have a documented negative antibody test within the last three months of study entry.
* Willingness and ability to give informed consent for HIV testing. Groups 2, 3, and 4: HIV-Positive Subject Specific Inclusion Criteria
* HIV-1 infection as documented by a positive result on any of the following licensed tests at any time: any antibody test confirmed by Western blot, HIV culture, plasma HIV-1 RNA PCR \>1,000 copies/ml or HIV-1 DNA PCR.
* Horizontal HIV infection transmission (non-perinatal, non-transfusion acquired infection).
* Group 2: Currently not on ART and must never have received ART.
* Group 3: Currently on a NNRTI, non-PI containing regimen for three or more months, must never have received a total of more than six months of PI-containing regimen and at least one year must have passed since receipt of last PI-containing regimen.
* Group 4: Currently on a PI, non-NNRTI containing regimen for three or more months, must never have received a total of more than six months of NNRTI-containing regimen and at least one year must have passed since receipt of last NNRTI-containing regimen.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Transgender male to female (MTF) or female to male (FTM) youth
* Refusal to fast for the 8 hours before collection of laboratory specimen requiring fasting.
* Unable to obtain medical/medications history.
* History of anorexia or bulimia.
* Type I Diabetes Mellitus.
* Type II Diabetes Mellitus and cannot omit diabetes medication for the 48-hour period prior to laboratory specimen collection for oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT).
* Current use or use within the past 6 months of oxandrolone, nandrolone, oxymetholone, stanozolol, or any other synthetic anabolic/androgenic agents.
* Current use or use within the past 6 months of pharmacologic doses of growth hormone. Physiologic growth hormone replacement therapy is permitted, as long as dosages meet the following specifications:
* Adolescents in puberty - less than or equal to an equivalent of 0.1 mg/kg/day
* Adolescents past puberty - less than or equal to an equivalent of 0.025 mg/kg/day
* Current use or use within the past 6 months of pharmacologic doses of testosterone. Physiologic testosterone replacement therapy is permitted as long as dosages meet the following specifications:
* Injection - no more than 400 mg/month of testosterone enanthate
* Patch - no more than 5 mg/day (e.g. Testoderm, Androderm)
* Gel in pre-packaged doses - no more than 7.5 g/day of gel (e.g. Androgel, Testim)