Randomised Trial of Volume of Post-operative Radiotherapy Given to Adult Patients With eXtremity Soft Tissue Sarcoma

RATIONALE: Radiation therapy uses high-energy x-rays to kill tumor cells. Giving radiation therapy after surgery may kill any tumor cells that remain after surgery. It is not yet known whether giving radiation therapy to a smaller area of tissue surrounding the tumor is as effective as giving radiation therapy to a wider area of tissue surrounding the tumor in treating soft tissue sarcoma.

PURPOSE: This randomized phase III trial is studying giving external-beam radiation therapy to a small area of tissue surrounding the tumor to see how well it works compared with giving external-beam radiation therapy to a wider area of tissue surrounding the tumor in treating patients who have undergone surgery for soft tissue sarcoma of the arms, hands, legs, or feet.

OBJECTIVES:

Primary

* Determine if reduced volume adjuvant radiotherapy increases limb function without compromising local control in patients with previously resected extremity soft tissue sarcoma.

Secondary

* Determine the toxicity of this regimen in these patients.
* Determine the overall level of disability in patients treated with this regimen.
* Determine the disease-free survival and overall survival of these patients.

OUTLINE: This is a randomized, controlled, prospective, multicenter study. Patients are stratified according to tumor grade (1 vs 2 vs 3), adequacy of surgical clearance (R0 vs R1), and treatment center. Patients are randomized to 1 of 2 treatment arms.

* Arm I (control): Patients undergo external beam radiotherapy (EBRT), including full margins, once daily 5 days a week for 6½ weeks .
* Arm II: Patients undergo EBRT as in arm I but only reduced margins are included.

After completion of study treatment, patients are followed every 3 months for 2 years, every 6 months for 3 years, and then annually thereafter.

Peer Reviewed and Funded or Endorsed by Cancer Research UK

PROJECTED ACCRUAL: A total of 400 patients will be accrued for this study.

Eligibility Criteria:
DISEASE CHARACTERISTICS:

* Histologically confirmed soft tissue sarcoma meeting the following criteria:

  * Lesion originates in extremity

    * Upper extremity lesions may occur from the medial border of the scapula to tumors as far distal as the finger tips

      * No lesions of the chest wall arising adjacent to the scapula but not originating in the shoulder bone
    * Lower extremity regions include hip girdle tumors commencing at the iliac crest, excluding lesions arising from within the pelvis, and extends to include lesions as far distal as the toes
  * Imaging and pathology from first surgery are required
* Has undergone surgical resection of the tumor within the past 12 weeks

  * No macroscopic tumor in situ after surgery
  * Microscopically irradical surgical margin allowed
  * Excisional biopsy with positive margins or other inadequate surgery (macroscopically involved margins) allowed only after further definitive re-excision
  * Positive margins and no further surgery possible except amputation or major functional loss allowed provided no macroscopic residual disease is present
  * Local recurrence within 3 months of prior surgery (or other treatment) allowed provided patient undergoes subsequent re-excision
* No diagnosis of any of the following:

  * Rhabdomyosarcoma (alveolar or embryonal)
  * Primitive neuroectodermal tumor
  * Soft tissue Ewing's sarcoma
  * Extraskeletal osteosarcoma
  * Aggressive fibromatosis (desmoid tumors)
  * Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans
  * Gorlin's syndrome
* No regional nodal disease or unequivocal distant metastasis

PATIENT CHARACTERISTICS:

* Not pregnant or nursing
* Negative pregnancy test
* Fertile patients must use effective contraception during and for 3 months after completion of study treatment
* No other major medical illness that would preclude study treatment
* No other malignancy except adequately treated nonmelanomatous carcinoma of the skin or in situ carcinoma of the cervix

PRIOR CONCURRENT THERAPY:

* See Disease Characteristics
* No prior radiotherapy to the local site
* No prior neoadjuvant or adjuvant chemotherapy