Assessment of HIV Remission Upon cART Interruption in Early Treated Individuals Carrying the MHC B35/53Bw4TTC2 Genotype

The aim of the trial is to evaluate in ANRS CO6 PRIMO cohort participants if the presence of the MHC B35 (53) Bw4TTC2 genotype favors the control of HIV infection (defined by a viral load (VL) less than 400 cp/mL) after discontinuation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiated during primary HIV infection.

The trial will be a pilot "proof of concept", one arm, multicenter, nested in the ANRS CO6 PRIMO Cohort, in which the intervention is treatment interruption (of at least 6 months).

It is planned to include between 20 and 50 participants.

The ANRS 175 RHIVIERA 01 trial will focus on people who were initiated early and have a particular genotypic profile associated with HIV remission.

The study proposes to test an intervention consisting in a ART-treatment interruption (of at least 6 months) in ANRS CO6 PRIMO cohort participants carrying the MHC B35/53Bw4TTC2 genotype and well controlled on cART.

The study aims to enrol 20-30 participants in 30 French clinical sites. Participants will be enrolled after checking eligibility criteria and will interrupt ART immediatly after inclusion.

Control of HIV-Infection, defined by a viral load less than 400 cp/mL, will be evaluated after 24 weeks of interruption.

Study duration will vary by participant, depending on the time of ART interruption and the time to viral rebound. Participants will be followed maximum 48 weeks on ATI. If there is a viral rebound justifying the resumption of ART, participant will be followed 24 weeks maximum after resumption. The maximum duration of the study will be 48+24 = 72 weeks.

Eligibility Criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

* Aged 18 years at the time of consent
* Enrolled and currently followed in a site of the ANRS CO6 PRIMO Cohort
* With the MHC genotype: at least one HLA B35 or B53 allele AND one HLA-A or B allele carrying the Bw4 epitope AND homozygous -21T residue in the HLA-B alleles AND heterozygous or homozygous for C2 epitope-carrying HLA-C alleles
* Treated with cART within 3 months following inclusion in ANRS CO6 Primo Cohort during at least 18 months and cART not modified in the last 3 months
* Controlled on cART: \> 90% of VL below 50 cp/mL after initial virological response
* All VL below 50 cp/mL during the previous 12 months
* Most recent CD4 measurement on cART above 500 cells/mm3
* Written and informed consent signed by the person and the investigator (no later than the day of pre-inclusion and prior to any examination realized in the frame of the study (article L1122-1-1 of the Public Health Code)
* Person affiliated or beneficiary of a social security scheme (article L1121-11 of the Public Health Code) (State Medical Aid or AME is not a social security scheme)
* Patient agreeing to participate in the trial according to the defined procedures.

Exclusion Criteria:

* One VL above 1000 cp/mL on or off antitretrovirals after the initial viral control on antiretrovirals was achieved.
* Patient on long-acting injectable HIV treatment
* Patient in whom condom sex use or PrEP use by the partner will be difficult or impossible.
* Woman with a pregnancy project and pregnant woman.
* Patient under guardianship or curatorship.
* History of a clinical AIDS event or cancer.
* Active HCV or HBV infection.
* Any symptoms or laboratory values suggesting a systemic disorder (renal, hepatic, cardiovascular, pulmonary) or other medical conditions, related to HIV or not, which contraindicates the interruption of ARVs.
* Recent SARS-CoV-2 infection and / or associated with a drop in CD4 and / or associated with a resumption of CV in the last 6 months. In this situation, wait until the CD4 has returned to a rate \> 500/mm3 and a CV \< 50 copies / mL consolidated for \> 6 months.
* Affection, disability, resulting from a SARS-CoV-2 infection, regardless of the duration of the SARS-CoV-2 infection.
* Patient participating in another research evaluating other treatments with an exclusion period ongoing at the screening visit.
* Planned absence which could prevent optimal trial participation (vacation abroad, moving, imminent job change ...).