Impact of Once-Weekly Rifapentine and Isoniazid on the Steady State Pharmacokinetics of Dolutegravir and Darunavir Boosted With Cobicistat in Healthy Volunteers

People with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) often take several medicines to control HIV. Dolutegravir and darunavir boosted with cobicistat are HIV medicines that people may take. They may also need to take medicines for an infection called latent tuberculosis (TB). Researchers think a once-weekly treatment for latent TB would be easier for people with HIV to take. This once weekly treatment consists of two drugs: rifapentine and isoniazid. However, they need to see how TB drugs and HIV drugs interact.

Objective:

To learn how anti-HIV and anti-TB drugs affect each other so that people taking these drugs together can be treated safely.

Eligibility:

Healthy adults ages 18 65.

Design:

Participants will be screened with a medical history and physical exam. They will have vital signs taken and give a blood sample. Women will have a pregnancy test.

Participants cannot take any other medicines during the study, including vitamins. Only occasional, infrequent use of acetaminophen (Tylenol , max 2000 mg/day), ibuprofen (Motrin or Advil ), naproxen (Aleve ), loperamide (Imodium ), and/or antihistamines (such as Benadryl , Zyrtec , Claritin , etc.) will be allowed.

Participants will be assigned to one of three groups. Each group will take a different study drug, once or twice a day, for 19 23 days. At the baseline study visit, they will get a supply of the study drug tablets and instructions for taking them. Participants will keep a medicine diary to serve as a memory aid for taking medicine and reporting any side effects that they may experience.

Participants will have 8 or 9 study visits over about 40 days. The number of visits depends on which group the person is assigned to. All visits will take place at the NIH Clinical Center. Participants will fast before study visits.

The baseline visit will last about 2 3 hours. There will be 3-4 long visits that will last for about 12 hours. The other 4-5 visits will last about 1 hour.

During all study visits, screening procedures will be repeated. During long visits, an intravenous (IV) line will be inserted into an arm vein with a needle. It will be used to take blood.

Rifapentine (RPT) is a long-acting rifamycin that can be used weekly with isoniazid (INH) as a first-line regimen in the treatment of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI). Although this regimen offers several potential benefits, the use of weekly RPT plus INH is not currently recommended in adults infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) on antiretroviral therapy (ART) due to limited evidence on drug interactions with antiretrovirals (ARVs).1Darunavir boosted with cobicistat (DRV/c) comprises part of alternative treatment regimens recommended for the treatment of HIV.2However, drug interactions between these ARV agents and RPT are of concern. Thus, the purpose of this study is to determine the effects of concomitant RPT and INH administration on the steady state PK of DRV/c.

This is an open-label, fixed sequence, intrasubject drug-drug interaction study designed to evaluate the steady state PK of DRV/c with coadministration of once weekly RPT and INH given at doses used to treat LTBI. Arm B will be comprised of two phases: (1) DRV/c once daily alone (days 1-4) and (2) DRV/c once daily + (RPT and INH) once weekly (days 5-19). Participants in Arm B will undergo periodic serial ARV PK blood draws on days 4, 14, and 19.

DRV/c PK parameters will be determined using non-compartmental methods. Cobicistat levels will only be assessed if DRV concentrations are significantly decreased. The following PK parameters will be compared between phases: area under the curve over the dosing interval, maximum plasma concentration, time to maximum plasma concentration, terminal half-life, apparent oral clearance, and minimum plasma concentration. Adverse events will be graded and recorded.

Eligibility Criteria:
* INCLUSION CRITERIA:

A subject will be considered eligible for this study only if all of the following criteria are met:

1. Ages 18 - 65 years
2. Weight greater than or equal to 45 kg and less than or equal to 120; BMI greater than or equal to 18.0 and \<30
3. Judged to be healthy based on medical history, physical examination, vital signs, and clinical laboratory tests (liver function tests (AST, ALT, Tbili) greater than or equal to upper limit of normal \[ULN\], serum creatinine (SCr) less than or equal to ULN, CK less than or equal to 2X ULN, platelets (PLT) \>150,0000/mm3, hemoglobin (Hgb) \>11 g/dL), C-reactive protein (CRP) less than or equal to ULN)
4. Negative QuantiFERON-TB Gold test at screening
5. HIV-negative, as determined by standard serologic assays for HIV infection.
6. No laboratory evidence of active Hepatitis A, B, or C infection
7. Willing to abstain from alcohol consumption throughout the study period
8. Subject agrees to genetic testing and storage of specimens for future research
9. Negative serum or urine pregnancy test for females of child-bearing potential
10. For female subjects able to become pregnant (i.e., have not undergone surgical sterilization or are not postmenopausal), willingness to prevent pregnancy during the study period by:

    1. Practicing absolute abstinence from sexual contact or
    2. Committing to use of effective non-hormonal and/or barrier methods of birth control during any and all sexual encounters. Acceptable methods are as follows:

       * Condom, diaphragm, or cervical cap with a spermicide
       * Intrauterine device (IUD) without hormones
       * Male partner with a vasectomy

EXCLUSION CRITERIA:

A subject will be ineligible for this study if 1, or more, of the following criteria are met:

1. Known hypersensitivity to dolutegravir, darunavir, cobicistat, rifapentine and other rifamycin analogues, or isoniazid
2. History of type 1 hypersensitivity reaction to sulfonamides
3. History or presence of any of the following:

   1. Latent or active TB infection
   2. Gastrointestinal disease that is uncontrolled, requires daily treatment with medication, or would interfere with a subject s ability to absorb drugs (diarrhea, pancreatitis, peptic ulcer disease, etc.),
   3. Renal impairment (chronic renal insufficiency of any CKD stage, or acute renal failure not induced by drug therapy defined as GFR \< 90 ml/min)
   4. Respiratory disease that is uncontrolled or requires daily treatment with medication (asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, etc.)
   5. Cardiovascular disease (hypertension \[systolic blood pressure \>140 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure \> 90 mmHg\], heart failure, arrhythmia, etc.)
   6. Metabolic disorders (diabetes mellitus, etc.)
   7. Hematologic or bleeding disorders (anemia, hemophilia, serious/major bleeding events, menorrhagia (female subjects), etc.)
   8. Immunologic disorders
   9. Hormonal or endocrine disorders
   10. Psychiatric illness that would interfere with his or her ability to comply with study procedures or that requires daily treatment with medication
   11. Seizure disorder, with the exception of childhood febrile seizures
   12. Malignancy, or
   13. Any other condition that may interfere with the interpretation of the study results, or not be in the best interest of the subject in the opinion of the investigator
4. Fasting total cholesterol \>240 mg/dL or fasting triglycerides \>240 mg/dL on 2 consecutive visits
5. Fasting glucose \>125 mg/dL on 2 consecutive visits
6. Current participation in an onging investigational drug protocol or use of any investigational drug within 30 days (based on last dose received) prior to receipt of any study drugs/medications.
7. Therapy with any prescription, over-the-counter, herbal, or holistic medications, including hormonal contraceptives by any route, within 5 half-lives of the agent prior to receipt of any study medications will not be permitted with the following exception: Intermittent or short-course therapy (\< 14 days) with prescription or over-the-counter medications, herbals, or holistic medications within the screening period prior to starting study drug may be permitted, and will be reviewed by investigators on a case-by-case basis for potential drug interactions. Receipt of influenza vaccination will be allowed prior to, during, and/or after the study
8. Inability to obtain venous access for sample collection
9. Inability to swallow whole capsules and/or tablets
10. Current breastfeeding
11. Drug or alcohol use that may impair safety or adherence
12. Use of nicotine-containing products, including cigarettes and chewing tobacco, nicotine patches, gum, electronic cigarettes, etc.
13. Organ or stem cell transplant recipient
14. Uncorrected and persistent electrolyte abnormalities (e.g., potassium, magnesium, and calcium)
15. Current alcohol abuse or alcohol dependence disorders (DSM-5 criteria)