Study of the Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, Safety and Tolerability of Fosaprepitant for the Prevention of Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting (CINV) in Children (MK-0517-029)

The purpose of this study was to determine the appropriate dosing regimen of fosaprepitant, when administered with ondansetron (with or without dexamethasone), for the prevention of CINV in children from birth to \<17 years of age. Fosaprepitant is a prodrug to aprepitant. All participants who completed the randomized Cycle 1 could elect to receive open-label fosaprepitant during optional Cycles 2-6.

Under Amendment 01, 0517-029 enrolled participants in the following age cohorts: 2-\<6, 6-\<12 and 12-17 years old. The study was randomized, partially-blinded, with parallel group assignment. Participants were randomized to one of three fosaprepitant doses or the control group. (Amendment 02 and Amendment 03 were country-specific amendments in Brazil that were required as per local regulations with no change in study design.) Under Amendment 04, the 12-17 year-old cohort was closed since that cohort fully enrolled. An additional fosaprepitant dose was added and all participants were allocated to this one treatment group. Amendment 04 was open-label and enrolled participants in the following age cohorts: 0-\<2, 2-\<6 and 6-\<12 years old.

Eligibility Criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

* Is 0 months (at least 37 weeks gestation) to \<18 years of age
* Scheduled to receive chemotherapeutic agent(s) associated with moderate, high, or very high risk of emetogenicity for no more than 5 consecutive days for a documented malignancy, or a chemotherapy regimen not previously tolerated due to vomiting
* Expected to receive ondansetron as part of antiemetic regimen (Cycle 1); Expected to receive a 5-HT3 antagonist as part of antiemetic regimen (Cycles 2-6)
* If female and has begun menstruating, must have a negative pregnancy test prior to study participation and agree to remain abstinent or use a barrier form of contraception
* Predicted life expectancy of ≥3 months
* Pre-existing functioning central venous catheter
* Weight ≥3rd percentile for age and gender (and ≥3.0 kg)

Exclusion Criteria:

* Vomited in the 24 hours prior study drug administration (Cycle 1)
* Current user of any illicit drugs (including marijuana) or current evidence of alcohol abuse
* Scheduled to receive stem cell rescue therapy in conjunction with study related course(s) of emetogenic chemotherapy
* Received or will receive radiation therapy to the abdomen or pelvis in the week prior to study drug administration and/or during the course of the study
* Pregnant or breast feeding
* Allergic to fosaprepitant, aprepitant, ondansetron, or any other 5-HT3 antagonist
* Has a symptomatic central nervous system (CNS) tumor causing nausea and/or vomiting
* Has an active infection, congestive heart failure, slow heart rate, or other uncontrolled disease other than cancer
* Mentally incapacitated or has a significant emotional or psychiatric disorder
* Known history of QT prolongation or is taking any medication known to lead to QT prolongation
* Taking other excluded medications
* Participated in any previous study of aprepitant or fosaprepitant, or taken an investigational drug within 4 weeks prior to study participation