High-dose Chemotherapy with Thiotepa, Busulfan, and Cyclophosphamide Followed by Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation in Central Nervous System Lymphoma

The involvement of the central nervous system (CNS) by non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) has carried a poor prognosis. For both of primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) and secondary central nervous system lymphoma (SCNSL), high-dose methotrexate (HD- MTX) based chemotherapy and combined modality have significantly improved the previously poor response rates and prognosis. However, in PCNSL, relapse rates have remained high, with only 20% to 30% patients achieving a durable long-term remission after HD-MTX. The combination with whole-brain radiotherapy (WBRT) has resulted in higher disease-free and overall survival rates, but it has also been associated with severe neurotoxicity. Patients with SCNSL fare the worst, typically succumbing to disease within median 2.5 to 4 months with 1-year survival rates of only 25%.

Because of these dismal outcomes, intensification of the high-dose chemotherapy (HDC)with autologous stem cell transplantation (autoSCT) has been explored for PCNSL and SCNSL as salvage treatment in patients with refractory or relapsed disease, and as consolidation after primary chemotherapy, replacing or preceding WBRT. Thiotepa, busulfan, and cyclophosphamide (TBC) have significant penetration of blood-brain barrier as shown in several pharmacokinetic studies. Thus, combination of these 3 agents was proposed as one high-dose chemotherapy regimen to achieve therapeutic concentrations in the lymphoma tissue in chemotherapy sanctuaries, like cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), meninges and eyes. eyes. Several studies have shown promising results and favorable long-term toxicity profiles with this combination. However, the relatively rarity of this tumor precludes rapid completion of large-scale phase III trial and, therefore, our reliance on the results of well-designed phase II trials is critical. Therefore, we evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of thiotepa, bulsulfan, and cyclophosphamide as a conditioning for autologous stem cell transplantation in patients with PCNSL and SCNSL.


Eligibility Criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

* ∙Patients with histologically confirmed primary central nervous system lymphoma or secondary CNS lymphoma defined as either synchronous CNS involvement of sys- temic NHL or as a site of recurrence in a patient s with a history of systemic NHL

  * Patients who achieved remission after first line chemotherapy and/or WBRT, or who experience relapse of PCNSL/SCNLS.
  * Patients who have not previously received therapy with high high-dose chemotherapy and stem cell transplantatitransplantation.
  * The performance st atus of the patients should be 2 or less by ECOG performance scale.
  * Patients should not have major illness or organ failure incompatible with autologous stem cell transplantation.
* Patients must have adequate hepatic function (serum bilirubin less than 2.0mg/dl, AST and ALT less than three times the upper normal limit)
* Patients must have adequate renal function ( serum creatinin less than 2.0mg/dl)
* Patients must have adequate cardiac function (ejection fraction 45% on echo- cardiogram)
* Patients must have adequate bone marrow function (ANC 1,000/mm 3 and platelet count 75,000/mm 3 ∙ All patients are fully informed about the nature and purpose of this study and informed consent should be given before the start of treatment. All patients should fully understand the right or trial abandon without any disadvantage.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Concurrent history of neoplasm other than CNS lymphoma with life expectancy less than 3 months.
* History of clinically significant cardiac dysfunction (ex. CHF, symptomatic CAD, uncontrolled arrhythmia) or MI within 12 months.
* psychiatric disorders or mental deficiency severe as to make compliance with the treatment unlike, and making informed consent impossible
* significant infection or uncontrolled bleeding
* enrollment of other clinical trials within 4 weeks prior to treatment
* any preexisting medical condition of sufficient severity to prevent full compliance with study
* patient being not willing to or unable to obey study protocol.