Molecular Transducers of Physical Activity Consortium (MoTrPAC) - Pediatric Protocol

The goal of the Molecular Transducers of Physical Activity Consortium (MoTrPAC) is to assess molecular changes that occur in response to physical activity (PA). To achieve this aim, studies will be conducted in adults and separately in children and adolescents. The UC Irvine MoTrPAC Pediatric Clinical Center oversees two interrelated study phases in children and adolescents:

1. A cross-sectional phase in which molecular transducers (obtained from blood sampling) are measured in response to an acute exercise challenge (n = 320);
2. An intervention phase is conducted as a mechanistic randomized controlled trial (RCT). Participants are recruited from the cross-sectional study phase and randomized to endurance exercise (EE) training (n = 120) or no exercise Control (n = 50) for a period of approximately 12 weeks.

The overarching hypothesis is that there are discoverable molecular transducers that communicate and coordinate the effects of exercise on cells, tissues, and organs, which may initiate processes ultimately leading to the health benefits of exercise. Because this is a mechanistic trial, the main goal is not a single health-related outcome. Rather, the goal is to generate a resource leading to the generation of a map of the molecular responses to exercise that will be used by the Consortium and by the scientific community at large to generate hypotheses for future investigations of the health benefits of PA. Study assessments are completed before and after the intervention period (exercise or control), and at specific interim time points during the intervention. An additional focus of the pediatric studies is to examine the impact of sex and developmental phase (self-reported pubertal stage) during childhood and adolescence on acute and chronic exercise responses.

Assessments include measurements of cardiorespiratory fitness, muscular strength, and body composition (including whole body bone mineral content) determined by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA). There is also collection of blood, monitoring of free-living PA level using wearable devices, and completion of participant reported outcomes and health status by interview and/or questionnaire. As part of the MoTrPAC functions, participant data and biological samples are transferred from the Pediatric Clinical Site to the Consortium Coordinating Center (CCC) Data Management, Analysis and Quality Control Center (DMAQC) and to the Biological Sample Repository, and later analyzed by the Consortium Chemical Analysis Sites (CAS) and the Bioinformatics Center (BIC).

Biological samples collected in this project undergo molecular phenotyping, including metabolomic, lipidomic, proteomic, epigenomic, transcriptomic, and genomic analyses. These assays are done at the MoTrPAC CAS.

Overall coordination of the study and analyses occurs at 4 institutions which make up the CCC and the BIC.

Eligibility Criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

* Parent or legal guardian and participant are willing to provide informed consent and assent to participate in the MoTrPAC Study
* Must be able to read and speak English well enough to provide informed consent, assent and understand instructions
* Children and adolescents ages 10-17 (Pubertal stages 1-5)
* Determined to be in good health by pre-participation medical history review performed at PERC
* BMI %ile (\>5th, \<95th)
* Weight ≥30 Kg (minimum required for blood collection)
* LAEE children defined as self-reported of no more than 2 days per week, lasting no more than 120 minutes per week, of regular (structured) intense endurance exercise (e.g., running, cycling, elliptical, soccer, swimming and rowing activity that results in feelings of substantially increased heart rate and rapid breathing and sweating with limited ability to talk) in the 3 months prior to study enrollment.
* HAEE children in this study is defined as:
* self-reported participation in a structured/regular endurance sports (e.g., running, cycling, soccer, swimming and rowing activity that results in feelings of substantially increased heart rate and rapid breathing and sweating with limited ability to talk).
* Participation in these activities is ≥4 times per week (\>240 min per week) for at least 9 months prior to study enrollment.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Self-report or laboratory evidence of familial hyperlipidemia/dyslipidemia (e.g., total cholesterol ≥ 200mg/dL and or triglyceride ≥ 100mg/dL)
* Daily or weekly chronic use of any prescription medication in the past 3 months (excluding birth control)
* Any use of tobacco, e-cigarettes, illegal drugs, alcohol, or marijuana (self-report) within the last 12 months
* Pregnancy or breastfeeding
* Sudden or abrupt (≥5%) weight lost (self-report) over the preceding 3 months
* Past history of serious chronic diseases (including, but not limited to: asthma, diabetes, juvenile idiopathic arthritis, cystic fibrosis, malignancy, congenital heart disease, cerebral palsy, muscular dystrophy, autoimmune diseases, inflammatory bowel disease)
* Evidence of disease, disability or other condition that would impair participation in physical activity as determined by a study clinician
* Blood donation in the past 3 months (self-report)

Similar inclusion/exclusion criteria are being used for the intervention phase, with the additional exclusion criterion of children who meet the definition of HAEE defined above.