Glembatumumab Vedotin in Treating Patients With Recurrent or Refractory Osteosarcoma

This phase II trial studies how well glembatumumab vedotin works in treating patients with osteosarcoma that has come back (recurrent) or does not respond to treatment (refractory). Monoclonal antibodies, such as glembatumumab vedotin, may find tumor cells and help kill them.

PRIMARY OBJECTIVES:

I. To estimate whether CDX-011 (glembatumumab vedotin) therapy either increases the disease control rate at 4 months in patients with recurrent measurable osteosarcoma as compared to an historical Children's Oncology Group (COG) experience or produces an objective response rate in patients without previous eribulin (eribulin mesylate) treatment.

SECONDARY OBJECTIVES:

I. To assess the feasibility and toxicity profile of CDX-011 in patients with recurrent osteosarcoma.

II. To describe the pharmacokinetics of CDX-011 in adolescents and young adults with recurrent osteosarcoma enrolled at COG sites and COG phase I consortium sites only.

III. To determine if there is a relationship between tumor GPNMB expression by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and response to CDX-011 therapy.

IV. To estimate, in the cohort of patients previously treated with eribulin, the proportion who will experience disease progression during the first 4 months of CDX-011 therapy and the proportion of patients who experience a Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST)-defined complete or partial response.

OUTLINE:

Patients receive glembatumumab vedotin intravenously (IV) over 90 minutes on day 1. Treatment repeats every 21 days for up to 18 courses in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.

After completion of study treatment, patients are followed up periodically.

Eligibility Criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

* Patients must have had histologic verification of osteosarcoma at original diagnosis or relapse
* Patients must have measurable disease according to RECIST 1.1, and have relapsed or become refractory to conventional therapy
* Patient must have archival tumor specimen available for submission
* Patients must have a performance status corresponding to Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) scores of 0, 1 or 2; use Karnofsky for patients \> 16 years of age and Lansky for patients =\< 16 years of age
* Patients must have fully recovered from the acute toxic effects of all prior chemotherapy, immunotherapy, or radiotherapy prior to entering this study

  * Myelosuppressive chemotherapy: must not have received within 2 weeks of entry onto this study (4 weeks if prior nitrosourea)
  * Biologic (anti-neoplastic agent): at least 7 days since the completion of therapy with a biologic agent
  * Radiation therapy (RT): \>= 2 weeks for local palliative RT (small port); \>= 6 months must have elapsed if prior craniospinal RT or if \>= 50% radiation of pelvis; \>= 6 weeks must have elapsed if other substantial bone marrow (BM) radiation
  * Monoclonal antibodies: must not have received any monoclonal based therapies within 4 weeks, and all other immunotherapy (tumor vaccine, cytokine, or growth factor given to control the cancer) within 2 weeks, prior to study enrollment
* Peripheral absolute neutrophil count (ANC) \>= 1000/uL
* Platelet count \>= 75,000/uL (transfusion independent)
* Hemoglobin \>= 8.0 g/dL (may receive red blood cell \[RBC\] transfusions)
* Creatinine clearance or radioisotope glomerular filtration rate (GFR) \>= 70 mL/min/1.73 m\^2 or a serum creatinine based on age/gender as follows:

  * Age 1 to \< 2 years (male and female: 0.6 mg/dL)
  * Age 2 to \< 6 years (male and female: 0.8 mg/dL)
  * Age 6 to \< 10 years (male and female: 1 mg/dL)
  * Age 10 to \< 13 years (male and female: 1.2 mg/dL)
  * Age 13 to \< 16 years (male: 1.5 mg/dL and female: 1.4 mg/dL)
  * Age \>= 16 (male: 1.7 mg/dL and female: 1.4 mg/dL)
* Total bilirubin =\< 1.5 x upper limit of normal (ULN) for age
* Serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) (aspartate aminotransferase \[AST\]) or serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT) (alanine aminotransferase \[ALT\]) \< 110 U/L; for the purposes of this study the ULN for SGPT is defined as 45 U/L
* Serum albumin \> 2 g/dL
* Shortening fraction of \>= 27% by echocardiogram, or
* Ejection fraction of \>= 50% by radionuclide angiogram
* All patients and/or their parents or legal guardians must sign a written informed consent
* All institutional, Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and National Cancer Institute (NCI) requirements for human studies must be met

Exclusion Criteria:

* Patients with \> grade 2 neuropathy according to the Modified ("Balis") Pediatric Scale of Peripheral Neuropathies will be excluded except in cases in which neuropathy is secondary to prior surgery
* Patients who have previously received CDX-011 (CR011-vc monomethyl auristatin E \[MMAE\]; CDX-011) or other MMAE-containing agents
* Patients who have received other investigational drugs within 2 weeks or 5 half-lives (whichever is longer) prior to study enrollment
* Patients with a history of allergic reactions attributed to compounds of similar composition to dolastatin or auristatin; compounds of similar composition include auristatin PHE as an anti-fungal agent, auristatin PE (TZT-1027, Soblidotin, NSC-654663) as an anti-tumor agent and symplostatin 1 as an anti-tumor agent
* Patients with known central nervous system metastasis are not eligible
* Patients who have had major surgery within 2 weeks prior to enrollment are not eligible; procedures such as placement of a central vascular catheter, or limited tumor biopsy, are not considered major surgery
* Female patients who are pregnant are ineligible
* Lactating females are not eligible unless they have agreed not to breastfeed their infants
* Female patients of childbearing potential are not eligible unless a negative pregnancy test result has been obtained
* Sexually active patients of reproductive potential are not eligible unless they have agreed to use an effective contraceptive method for the duration of their study participation and for 2 months after the end of study treatment