Hydroxychloroquine in Patients With Newly Diagnosed COVID-19 Compared to Standard of Care

This study will assess the efficacy of hydroxychloroquine in reducing the severity of symptoms in patients with COVID-19

Hydroxychloroquine has primarily been raised as a potential treatment of SARS-Cov-2 based on in vitro antiviral activity. A draft paper was released recently in March by Didier Raoult from Aix-Marseille University in France on a preliminary trial of 36 COVID-19 patients. In this trial, 6 patients were asymptomatic, 22 had upper respiratory symptoms, and 8 had lower respiratory symptoms. Between early and mid-March, they treated 20 of these patients with 600 mg of hydroxychloroquine daily in a hospital setting. Some patient also received the antibiotic azithromycin. 16 patients served as the controls. They observed a significant reduction in viral load in patients with hydroxychloroquine. After 6 days, 70% of the treated patients were considered cured (no virus detected in their samples) compared to 12.5% of controls. All 6 patients who received both hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin were negative for the virus after 6 days. This was an unblinded, non-randomized trial.

Vitamin C has multiple in-vivo effects on immune modulation that may, in sum, limit the development of the cytokine excess associated with critical illness. It is currently being studied in a clinical trial as a treatment for severe SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in China and recommended as a supplement in standard treatment of COVID-19.

There are no medications currently approved for treatment of COVID-19. Hydroxychloroquine is a known drug with low toxicity that may reduce progression of respiratory symptoms and resulting hospitalizations. This randomized control study will assess its potential as an off-label treatment in reducing the rates of hospitalization and subsequent mechanical ventilation from COVID-19 infection compared to standard of care treatment with Vitamin C. A randomized control trial with placebo is impractical due to the increasing availability of this medication to the public.

Eligibility Criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

* Must have positive nasopharyngeal swab for SARS-CoV-2 diagnosed via outpatient testing within the previous 48 hours
* Age ≥ 45 years
* Not hospitalized at the time of enrollment
* Established care with Providence provider
* Ability to understand a written or electronic informed consent document
* Reliable access to a computer or smartphone that can facilitate study communications via remote messaging or telephone and willingness to provide daily verbal check ins

Exclusion Criteria:

* Hypersensitivity to chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine
* History of retinal disease (macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, retinal rear/detachment, retinitis pigmentosa)
* History of seizure disorder
* History of ventricular tachycardia/fibrillation, history of long-QT syndrome, or ICD
* Current creatinine clearance \<10 ml/min or on hemodialysis (as evidenced in EMR)
* Known G6PD deficiency
* Current use of the following medications: digoxin, amiodarone, flecainide, procainamide, oral dapsone. If other meds of concern, route to pharmacist to evaluate
* Concomitant use of the following only at Pharmacist/Investigator discretion: Abiraterone acetate, agalsidase, conivaptan, dabrafenib, dacomitinib, dapsone (systemic), digoxin, enzalutamide, fexinidazole, flecainide, fusidic acid (systemic), idelalisib, mifepristone, mitotane, pimozide, amiodarone, digoxin, procainamide, propafenone, stiripentol
* Currently on hospice
* Women of childbearing potential must not be pregnant, and must avoid becoming pregnant while on treatment and for 30 days following treatment discontinuation. Men must avoid fathering a child while on treatment and for 30 days following treatment discontinuation
* Any clinical factors such as bleeding, active infection, or psychiatric factors that in the judgment of the investigator would preclude safe participation and compliance with study procedures.