Prevention of Asthma Exacerbations Using Dupilumab in Urban Children and Adolescents

This is a multi-center, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial of dupilumab adjunctive therapy for prevention of asthma exacerbations in urban children and adolescents with T2-high exacerbation-prone asthma.

Protocol CAUSE-01 PANDA is a multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial of dupilumab adjunctive therapy for the reduction of asthma exacerbations in urban children and adolescents 6 to 17 years with T2-high exacerbation-prone asthma. Approximately 240 participants will be randomized 2:1 to one of two study arms: 1) guidelines-based asthma treatment + dupilumab, or 2) guidelines-based asthma treatment + placebo. Study treatment will continue for 1 year with an additional 3 months of follow-up following completion of study treatment.

An initial Screening Visit will be followed by a 4-week run-in period. After the run-in, participants who continue to meet eligibility criteria will be randomized to one of the 2 treatment arms and receive their first injection. Over the next 2 weeks, participants will return to the clinic for 3 early treatment response visits. Participants will receive injections of dupilumab, or placebo administered subcutaneously every two weeks (Q2W), or every four weeks (Q4W), over 12 months. Each participant will have Evaluation and Management (E\&M) visits every 3 months where their asthma and rhinitis will be assessed and adjustments made to their medications based on asthma guidelines.

Participants will be asked to monitor and self-report cold symptoms throughout the treatment period. Participants will be asked to complete up to three paired cold visits. At the time of a cold, participants will be asked to come into the clinic for collection of blood and nasal secretions for associated mechanistic studies. Approximately three days after the clinic visit, participants will complete symptom assessments and will be asked to collect nasal samples at home

Eligibility Criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

1. Participant and/or parent guardian must be able to understand and provide informed consent and age-appropriate assent
2. Are male and female aged 6-17 years at Visit 0
3. Participant has a primary place of residence in one of the pre-selected recruitment census tracts as outlined in the Protocol CAUSE01 Manual of Operations (MOP). Participants who do not live in the pre-selected census tracts but live within the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) defined Metropolitan Statistical Area and have publicly funded health insurance will qualify for inclusion.
4. Participant has a diagnosis of asthma made \> 1 year prior to recruitment. Participants who received an asthma diagnosis by a clinician ≤1 year prior to recruitment must report that their respiratory symptoms were present for more than 1 year prior to recruitment.
5. Participant has had at least two asthma exacerbations in the prior year (defined as a requirement for systemic corticosteroids and/or hospitalization).
6. At Visit 0 (screening), participant must have the following requirement for asthma controller medication:

   1. Participants aged 6 to 11 years: treatments with at least fluticasone 250 mcg dry powder inhaler (DPI) one puff twice daily or its equivalent.
   2. Participants aged 12 years and older, treatment with at least fluticasone 250 mcg plus long-acting beta agonist (LABA) DPI one puff twice daily or its equivalent.
7. Have peripheral blood eosinophils ≥150 cells/mcl and/or FeNO ≥ 20ppb obtained at Visit 0 or via another CAUSE protocol within 6 months.
8. Are able to perform acceptable and repeatable spirometry per American Thoracic Society (ATS) criteria prior to randomization.
9. Have documentation of current medical insurance with prescription coverage at Visit 0.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Parent or guardian is not able or willing to give written informed consent or comply with study protocol.
2. Have concurrent medical problems that would require systemic corticosteroids or other immunomodulators during the study.
3. Are currently receiving immunotherapy.
4. Are currently receiving treatment with a biologic therapy or have received a biologic therapy within 3 months prior to randomization.
5. Are currently requiring greater than fluticasone 500 mcg bid plus long-acting beta agonist (LABA) one puff twice daily or its equivalent plus Long-acting muscarinic antagonists (LAMA) and/or individuals using oral corticosteroids daily or every other day for more than 14 days at the time of Visit 0.
6. Are currently pregnant or lactating, or plan to become pregnant during the time of study participation. Females of child-bearing potential (post-menarche) must be abstinent or use a medically acceptable birth control method throughout the study (i.e. oral subcutaneous, mechanical, or surgical contraception). Males who are sexually active must agree to use an acceptable method of birth control (i.e. barrier methods with vaginal spermicide) or have a female partner practicing an approved birth control method for females.
7. Have a known, pre-existing clinically important lung condition other than asthma.
8. Have a current malignancy or previous history of cancer in remission for less than 12 months prior to randomization.
9. Is a current smoker or is currently using any electronic cigarette or vaping device (e.g. e-cigarette, e- cig, mod, vape pen, JUUL, e-cigar, e-hookah, e-pipe, vape pods).
10. Have a known immunodeficiency disease.
11. Have a known, active pre-existing parasitic infection or are undergoing treatment for a parasitic infection. Once the participant has been successfully treated, the participant may be reevaluated.
12. Use of investigational drugs within 4 weeks of randomization
13. Have past or current medical problems or findings from physical examination or laboratory testing that are not listed above, which, in the opinion of the site investigator, may pose additional risks from participation in the study, may interfere with the participant's ability to comply with study requirements or that may impact the quality or interpretation of the data obtained from the study.
14. Will not allow the study clinician, an asthma specialist, to manage their disease for the duration of the study or who is not willing to change their asthma medications to follow the Protocol CAUSE- 01 PANDA.
15. Have a known history of allergic reaction to dupilumab.
16. Have had a life-threatening asthma exacerbation in the last 2 years requiring intubation, mechanical ventilation or resulting in a hypoxic seizure.
17. Have received a live (attenuated) vaccine within 4 weeks of Visit 0.
18. Have an eosinophil count of ≥1500 cells/mcl at Visit 0.

Potential participants may be reassessed as outlined in the Protocol CAUSE-01 MOP.