NHLBI SESAME (SEptal Scoring Along Midline Endocardium) Early Feasibility Study

Background:

Some people have a condition in which the wall (septum) that separates the two main pumping chambers of the heart is too thick. This thick septum causes a condition called "left ventricular outflow tract obstruction" (LVOTO), which reduces blood flow out of the heart. LVOTO can cause serious heart disease; symptoms may include shortness of breath, chest pain, heart failure, or death. Researchers want to find better ways to treat LVOTO.

Objective:

To test a new procedure where excess tissue is sliced away from the septum in people with LVOTO. This procedure is called "septal scoring along midline endocardium" (SESAME).

Eligibility:

Adults aged 21 years with LVOTO.

Design:

Participants will have baseline tests. They will have imaging scans and tests of their heart structure and function. They will take a walking test and answer questions about how their heart condition affects their life.

Participants will stay in the hospital 2 to 6 days for the SESAME procedure.

They will be completely or partially asleep for the procedure. A tube will be inserted into the mouth and down the throat to take pictures of the heart. Pictures may also be taken with a tube inserted inside the heart.

Next, tubes will be inserted into the groin and guided through the blood vessels up to the heart. Guidewires will be inserted into the heart. Doctors will watch the path the wires take with x-rays and ultrasound. When the wire is in the correct place, it will be electrified to slice excess tissue away from the septum.

Participants will have 3 follow-up visits within 1 year.

Cardiac interventricular septal reduction therapies - to relieve left ventricular outflow tract obstruction from transcatheter valve replacement or hypertrophic cardiomyopathy - have inherent limitations including dependence on coronary anatomy, high pacemaker implantation rate, and surgical morbidity. We developed a novel transcatheter ventricular myotomy called SEptal Scoring Along the Midline Endocardium (SESAME) that relies on intramyocardial guidewire navigation and transcatheter electrosurgery. SESAME has been performed on a small number of patients using off label devices.

This study systematically characterizes the safety and early feasibility of SESAME at 2 enrolling site. SESAME is performed as septal reduction therapy in a heterogeneous group of subjects, including symptomatic hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and resting or provoked left ventricular outflow obstruction (LVOTO); and severe symptomatic mitral and/or aortic valve disease at high risk of standard heart surgical therapy and requiring later transcatheter heart valve implantation combined with manifest or potential LVOTO.

A key goal of this study is to attempt to capture generalizable knowledge from as many patients as possible, and to add a limited number of research procedures to characterize the safety and provisional effectiveness of SESAME. Absent realistic non-clinical models of HCM or LVH combined with aortomitral disease, we believe little more information can be gleaned without clinical investigation.

This protocol was revised to add a second enrolling medical center, and to focus inclusion criteria on research participants with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). This protocol was further revised after the first subject died as a result of excessively-deep SESAME laceration. The required septal thickness for eligibility was increased from \>=12mm to \>=16mm.

Eligibility Criteria:
* INCLUSION CRITERIA:
* Adults age \>= 21 years
* Requires debulking of left ventricular septum for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
* Septal diastolic thickness of obstructive hump on CT:

  * Total \>=16 mm, and
  * Predicted residual septal thickness \>= 8 mm, and
  * Predicted laceration depth \>= 6 mm
* Severely symptomatic, any of

  * NYHA Class III or greater
  * Canadian Angina Class CCS III or greater
* Explicitly chooses investigational SESAME over conventional treatment approaches including (1) cardiac myosin inhibitor therapy, if eligible; (2) transcoronary alcohol septal ablation, if eligible; or (3) surgical left ventricular myotomy and/or myectomy, if eligible
* Concurrence of the multidisciplinary institutional heart team that the candidate is at high risk for surgical myectomy
* Concurrence of the study Central Clinical Eligibility Committee
* Willing to return for all scheduled follow-up activities, and eligible or able to undergo required protocol and testing

EXCLUSION CRITERIA:

* Does not consent to participate, or unable to consent to participate
* Requires antegrade SESAME access (because of mechanical aortic valve)
* Prior completed transcoronary alcohol septal ablation, or prior surgical myectomy
* Pregnant
* Hemodynamic instability or emergency procedure
* eGFR \< 30 mL/min/1.73m\^2
* Survival despite successful procedure expected \< 12months