Experiment 2: One Target in Many Situations

The goal is to look for qualitative differences in visual search behavior when one search is performed many times in a row compared to when multiple search tasks are intermixed. Four search tasks are tested. The target is the same in every task but the types of distractors change from task to task. In the Mixed condition, the four tasks are randomly changed from trial to trial. In the Blocked condition, each task is run as a block of 100 trials.

NOTE: This registration is linked to a Human Subjects registration in ASSIST. That, in turn, is part of an NCI Grant, R01EY017001. The grant describes many proposed experiments and notes that many others might be done as follow-up studies. At the suggestion of the NIH, the investigators grouped these studies into several "studies", each covering multiple experiments. The experiment described here is part of Aim 1 of R01EY017001. It is not possible to register a set of experiments through the PRS system in CT.gov and it is not possible to file an annual report for the grant (RPPR) without an NCT number for projects that have started collecting participants. Accordingly, the investigators are describing one experiment here that would be part of the "Project 1" bundle of studies.

When scientists study visual search in the lab, they usually ask people to do dozens of instances of the same type of task in a block. (e.g., Please find a vertical line....in the next 100 trials). However, in many (maybe most) visual searches in the real world, people are rarely looking for the same item (or same type of item) back-to-back. People do one search. Then they do another, and so on. (Find the jam. Now, find the bread. Now find a knife, etc). The investigators want to know if people would produce the same results if investigators mixed different searches together as they do when they test in long blocks of one specific type of search. This is important because the investigators want to know if the rules, established by years of blocked experiments, continue to apply in the more mixed real world.

There are multiple variants of this mixed/block experiment. In Experiment 2, observers are trained on four different search tasks. The target is the same in every task but the types of distractors change from task to task. That means that the target could be a Green O and in one task the distractors might all be blue Os while in another "conjunction" condition, they might be Blue Os and Green Ts. Having learned the four tasks, Observers perform 400 trials in the Mixed condition and the Blocked condition. In the Mixed condition, the four tasks are randomly changed from trial to trial. In the Blocked condition, each task is run as a block of 100 trials. Stimuli are placed in random locations in a jiggled 5 x 5 grid. The grid are placed within square field that is 0.5 of the maximum height of the screen. Each stimulus item fit into an invisible box that is 0.11 of the screen height. If the viewing distance is about 60 cm, a standard computer screen would show a stimulus field of about 15 deg on a side and each item would be placed in a box of about 3 x 3 deg. The background is white. Trials are divided evenly between three set sizes: 8, 16, and 24 items and evenly between target-present and absent trials. Stimuli are presented until the observer responds by pressing either 'p' or 'q' to indicate target present or absent, respectively. Accuracy feedback is provided after each trial.

Eligibility Criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

• Pass Ishihara color vision test

Exclusion Criteria:

* vision less than 20/25 with correction
* history of neuromuscular or visual disorders