Open Versus Total Laparoscopic Pancreaticoduodenectomy

The goal of this clinical trial is to learn more about Total Laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy ( TLPD ) which is performed for participants with pancreatic tumors using the laparoscope.

TLPD is an operation that includes excision of the tumor with adjacent parts of the head of the pancreas, the duodenum and the part of the external biliary system . In the final step during surgery, and to reconnect the bowel after excision of the tumor, multiple anastomoses or connections will be made by the surgeon.

To get valid results , the investigators performed this randomized controlled trial that compare TLPD with the traditional technique used to remove these tumors through open pancreaticoduodenectomy ( OPD ).

The main questions this study aims to answer are:

Is TLPD superior to open pancraticoduodenectomy ( OPD ) regarding the adequacy of surgical tumor excision ?

Is TLPD lower than OPD regarding the early complications after surgery ?

Researchers will compare participants receiving TLPD with participants receiving OPD regarding :

The time of the operation. The amount of blood lost during surgery. Complications that may happen during or after surgery. Time of recovery after surgery. Duration to amputation. Duration of hospital stay. The adequacy of resection .

Pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) is a major, complex abdominal surgery that involves removing the pancreatic head together with the common bile duct (CBD) and duodenum. It is usually associated with complications that can severely affect patients' health and lead to mortality.

Pancreaticoduodenectomy is mainly indicated for patients with malignant masses in the head of pancreas and the periampullary region and can be the treatment solution for these patients, providing them with a cure or prolonging their survival. Pancreaticoduodenectomy can also be indicated for some pancreatic cystic neoplasms, particularly intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs) that can turn malignant, neuroendocrine tumors, metastatic lesions to the pancreas, gastrointestinal stromal tumors, pancreatitis, and major pancreatic injury.

Pancreaticoduodenectomy was not generally accepted until the report introduced by Whipple in 1935 about his successful two-stage PD.. After about five years, Whipple conducted the first anatomic one-stage PD, including an antrectomy and a complete duodenectomy for a pancreatic head tumor.

Pancreaticoduodenectomy has been traditionally performed with an open approach. In 1994, Gagner and Pomp described laparoscopic PD (LPD). In their follow-up study, laparoscopic PD was concluded to have a high conversion rate with no advantages over open PD (OPD). Since then, laparoscopic approaches have been growingly reported, with ongoing research aiming to assess if LPD, being a minimally invasive approach, can improve postoperative morbidity. Nevertheless, LPD is still not broadly accepted. This study aimed to determine the advantages and disadvantages of performing total laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy compared to the open approach.

Eligibility Criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

* Patients presenting to the outpatient clinic of Kasr Alainy Hospitals with pancreatic head tumors, duodenal tumors, ampullary, or periampullary tumors who were candidates for either open or laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy
* Patients who accepted to participate in the study.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Patients who were deemed inoperable or irresectable tumors by preoperative investigations.
* Patients with history of previous laparotomies.
* Patients with complex ventral hernias.