Effects of Balance Training with and Without Gaze Stability Exercises on Cognitive Function Balance and Dynamic Postural Stability in Older Adults with Mild Cognitive Impairment

The study aims to evaluate the effects of balance training, with and without gaze stability exercises, on cognitive function, balance, and postural stability in older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). A randomized controlled trial with 30 participants will be conducted at Fauji Foundation Hospital and Chakwal. Participants will be divided into two groups: one receiving balance training with gaze stability exercises, and the other receiving balance training alone. Baseline, 4-week, and 8-week assessments will measure cognitive function (Montreal Cognitive Assessment), balance (Berg Balance Scale), and mobility (Time Up and Go test). Training will consist of 24 sessions over 8 weeks, with sessions lasting 30-50 minutes.

OBJECTIVES OF STUDY

1. To determine the effects of balance training with and without gaze stability exercises on cognitive function in older adults with mild cognitive impairment.
2. To determine the effects of balance training with and without gaze stability exercises on balance in older adults with mild cognitive impairment.
3. To determine the effects of balance training with and without gaze stability exercises on mobility in older adults with mild cognitive impairment

HYPOTHESIS

ALTERNATE HYPOTHESIS

1. HA- There is a statistically significant difference in effect of balance training with gaze stability exercises in comparison balance training alone on cognitive function in older adults with MCI. (p\<0.05)
2. HA- There is a statistically significant difference in effect of balance training with gaze stability exercises in comparison balance training alone on balance in older adults with MCI. (p\<0.05)
3. HA- There is a statistically significant difference in effect of balance training with gaze stability exercises in comparison balance training alone on dynamic postural stability in older adults with MCI. (p\<0.05)

NULL HYPOTHESIS

1. H0 - There is no statistically significant difference in effect of balance training with gaze stability exercises in comparison balance training alone on cognitive function in older adults with MCI. (p\>0.05)
2. H0 - There is no statistically significant difference in effect of balance training with gaze stability exercises in comparison balance training alone on balance in older adults with MCI. (p\>0.05)
3. H0 - There is no statistically significant difference in effect of balance training with gaze stability exercises in comparison balance training alone on dynamic postural stability/mobility in older adults with MCI. (p\>0.05)

Research Design: Experimental study. Randomized Control Trial

Clinical setting: Chakwal Study duration: 6 months

Data will be collected on Demographics and general information Cognitive function will be assessed with the help of MOCA (Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale). Balance will be assessed with the help of BBS (Berg Balance Scale). Dynamic postural stability will be assessed with the help of TUG (Time Up and Go test).

SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY:

Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) is a major risk factor for dementia among older adults, although research into its neurological features is limited. Addressing this gap is crucial given the interrelationship of balance issues and cognitive decline. Combining balance training with gaze stability exercises provides a comprehensive intervention method that shows potential for improving both balance and cognitive function. Studies have highlighted the potential benefits of these therapies for improving overall well-being and functional independence in older persons with MCI. Investigating their combined effects provides valuable insights into optimizing rehabilitation strategies for cognitive function, balance, and dynamic postural stability, thereby contributing to improving quality of life and reducing fall risk in this vulnerable population. This research aims to add data to the existing literature

, exploring tailored interventions that address both physical and cognitive aspects simultaneously. By providing understanding on the effectiveness of such interventions, this study seeks to enhance the care and management of older adults with MCI, ultimately promoting better outcomes and quality of life for this population.

Eligibility Criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

* Age group: 55 years and above older adults.
* Both male and female.
* Having mild cognitive impairment (MCI) having score of 18-25 on Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale (Urdu version).
* Ability to understand simple instruction and those who are capable of participating in physical exercise programs.

Exclusion Criteria

* Diagnosed neurological and psychiatric disorders.
* Those unable to engage in physical activity due to mobility limitations.
* Individuals with significant visual and hearing impairments affecting participation in gaze stability exercises.