1 Day Workshops for Preventing PPD: A Pilot Study

The aim of this pilot study is to (1) develop a treatment manual for a 1-Day CBT-Based Workshop for preventing postpartum depression that is acceptable to women; (2) recruit 15 women into a pilot workshop and seek their feedback on content, delivery and assessment procedures; and (3) conduct a small pilot randomized controlled trial (n=60) examining the impact of these workshops on rates of PPD when added to care as usual (CAU) more than CAU alone in addition to a 90-minute information session on PPD.

Postpartum depression affects up to 1 in 5 mothers, however just 15% receive evidence-based treatment. It is associated with negative consequences for women and their families with enormous costs to the healthcare system. Postpartum depression is an ideal candidate for prevention because it is common, the window of opportunity to intervene is clear (pregnancy), and its risk factors are well-established and easily identifiable. Furthermore, women are in frequent contact with the healthcare system during pregnancy and are more motivated to improve their health during this time than at any other time in their lives. Given high rates of PPD and its adverse effects on mothers and their families, and the relative lack of efficient, effective psychotherapeutic interventions for preventing PPD, safe, novel, and efficient preventive interventions are needed. Since large 1-day workshops appear to successfully treat depression, given the widespread interest and investment of public health units across Canada in maternal and child health, Online 1-Day CBT-Based Workshops for Preventing PPD should be developed and tested for their ability to prevent PPD in Canadian women.

Based on longstanding clinical work with women at high risk for PPD, the development of a successful 1-Day CBT-Based Treatment Workshop for PPD and its delivery in-person and online, and an extensive review of the PPD prevention literature, the investigators will develop the content for our prevention workshop as well as an accompanying script and intervention manual for participants (Objective 1). They will then advertise and assess the feasibility of recruiting 15 women into a pilot workshop and seek their feedback on its content, delivery and assessment procedures (Objective 2). Using these data, the workshop will be revised, and the investigators will conduct a small pilot randomized controlled trial (n=60) examining the impact of these workshops on rates of PPD when added to care as usual (CAU) more than CAU alone in addition to a 90-minute information session on PPD (Objective 3).

These objectives will enable us to develop and deliver this intervention, assess the feasibility of our recruitment strategy, determine recruitment and retention rates, assess study personnel needs, refine the study protocol and estimate effect sizes for group differences in support of a larger, full-scale trial aimed as assessing the effectiveness of these workshops at reducing the likelihood of developing PPD in women at risk.

The pilot study will be considered successful and proceed to a larger trial in the future if:

1. The treatment manual for the workshop is acceptable to women
2. 15 women are recruited into a pilot workshop within three months and have 70% complete their follow-up measures
3. Recruit and randomize 60 women over six months into two separate workshop/info sessions (each consisting of 15 in the workshop and 15 into the control information session) and:

   1. 70% of eligible sign-ups enroll in the study
   2. 75% of participants assigned to experimental group complete intervention
   3. 70% of participants complete all follow-up measures
   4. Estimate a treatment effect and variance (measured using Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview Major Depressive Disorder Module and the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale)

Eligibility Criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

* 18 years of age or older
* \>28 weeks pregnant
* do not meet diagnostic criteria for a current major depressive episode (determined using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI))
* Presence of one or more of the following risk factors for PPD:
* Past history of major depressive disorder or generalized anxiety disorder (Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI))
* Low SES (Canadian Household Low Income Cut-Off (LICOs) Before Tax)
* Single marital status (Antenatal (Psychosocial) Risk Questionnaire (ANRQ))
* Major life stress in past 12 months (Antenatal (Psychosocial) Risk Questionnaire (ANRQ))
* Major life stress in past 12 months (Antenatal (Psychosocial) Risk Questionnaire (ANRQ))
* History of physical and/or sexual abuse (Antenatal (Psychosocial) Risk Questionnaire (ANRQ))
* Perceived low social support (Antenatal (Psychosocial) Risk Questionnaire (ANRQ))

Exclusion Criteria:

* Bipolar, psychotic and/or current substance use disorders (determined using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI))