Measuring Silent Disease Progression in Multiple Sclerosis With a Multimodal Approach

This observational study wants to examine the disease progression independent of relapses in patients with Multiple Sclerosis (MS) that are treated with monoclonal antibodies. Participants will be clinically examined every 6 months and optionally receive a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) every 12 months. The investigators will also take blood for blood biomarker tests with each clinical examination. Optionally, digital data can be continuously collected via smartphone and smartwatch.

With this information the study will compare the results from clinical, digital, radiological, and blood-based tests with the disease progression the participants report themselves. This study aims to investigate what percentage auf patients with MS under antibody treatment experience a slow progression of the disease.

The goal of this observational prospective, observational, multicenter proof of concept study is to identify silent disease progression in people with multiple sclerosis (MS) that are treated with monoclonal antibodies.

Progression independent of relapse activity (PIRA) refers to disability progression unrelated to relapses. Treatment with disease-modifying agent shifts the primary cause of disability towards PIRA, likely due to the prevention of relapses during therapy. In order to promptly identify these patients in the future, newer biomarkers are needed that can detect disease activity more sensitively. Digital health technologies (DHTs), such as connected wearables, offer the capability of continuously collecting real-life data. As they can capture movement patterns, sleep behavior, and cognition, DHTs can document silent disease progression in MS patients and have the potential to enhance our understanding of disease activity.

The goal of the 360 PMS (progressive Multiple Sclerosis) study is to evaluate various widely available smartwatch-derived digital metrics and blood-based analyses as well as imaging tools for monitoring silent disease activity in MS patients at two study centres. Patients with relapsing remitting or primary progressive MS that are treated with monoclonal antibodies and do not have an Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) of more than 7,0 will be included in this study.

Clinical evaluations will be conducted every 6 months, as well as blood-based measurements that include serum neurofilament-light-chain (sNfL), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and proteomic data. Data captured by smartwatches (Withings Scanwatch) include activity-related data (step count, minutes in certain intensity levels), basic cardiovascular measurements such as heart rate, and sleep-related data (total time asleep, sleep efficiency and quality etc.). Additionally, disease progression can be optionally evaluated by monitoring fine motor skills while typing on the smartphone by a smartphone application (Neurokeys).

The study will initially start at the core centre at the University Clinic Düsseldorf and plans to enrol further sites in the months following initiation. Further centers might not include optical coherence tomography (OCT) or MRI measurements. At the core facility additional examinations will be conducted: Structural MRI examinations will be conducted at baseline and in month 12 and 24. OCT measurements will examine retinal morphology and be conducted every 6 months.

The investigators will attempt to closely analyze MS patients under treatment with monoclonal antibodies with these methods. Data will be collected for a 24-month prospective period.

Eligibility Criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

* Diagnosis of RRMS or PPMS according to the 2017 McDonald criteria
* Current treatment with monoclonal antibodies (including Natalizumab, Ofatumumab, Ocrelizumab) according to SmPC
* EDSS ≤7.0

Exclusion Criteria:

* Patients with an acute MS relapse and/or a history of intravenous corticosteroid treatment within past six weeks.
* Any comorbidity resulting in an impairment to understand or successfully complete the study such as (but not restricted to) psychiatric comorbidities or dementia. Decision will be made at investigators discretion.
* Additional immunosuppression except of above mentioned monoclonal antibodies
* Pregnancy