Simulation Techniques Used in Breech Birth Management Training

This study was conducted to assess the effect of two different simulation techniques that are used to improve breech birth management skills of midwifery students on the anxiety, self-efficacy, skill and knowledge levels of students.

Professional midwives are an integral part of delivering quality sexual, reproductive, maternal, and newborn healthcare. Midwives must have the skills and knowledge to assist childbirth and identify problems when labour progresses well. When a midwife examines a woman in labour, she may encounter an unexpected breech presentation. Therefore, it is important for midwives to have the skills and knowledge to deliver breech babies and assist mother and baby. Recently, caesarean section has been preferred in breech presentations. However, if breech presentation is diagnosed after the active phase, there may not be enough time for preparations for caesarean section, or the woman may refuse surgical intervention. In both cases, the midwife who examines the woman should inform the obstetrician immediately and, if possible, seek the assistance of another midwife or physician who is experienced in vaginal breech delivery in the management of childbirth. This may result in foetal injury at the hands of inexperienced providers. Midwives and physicians providing intrapartum care must have good training on breech birth manoeuvres and management of the second phase in order to minimise complications. Furthermore, one of the competencies specified by the International Confederation of Midwives (ICM) in midwifery practices is to 'Undertake appropriate manoeuvres and use maternal position to facilitate vertex, face, or breech birth'. Many midwifery education programmes now use various simulators and simulation training to improve the skills of students in high-risk deliveries.

Simulation-based training is an educational method bridging theory and practice and is one of the preferred skill training methods at educational institutions for healthcare professionals. Reasons for preferring this method can be listed as: limited access of students to a qualified faculty in clinical settings, low frequency of situations and limited exposure to actual patients. There are also ethical reasons for using simulation in the education of students, such as minimising risks for patients and providing students with an opportunity to learn through simulation. Simulation training provided before clinical practice helps students to feel safe and well prepared for the clinical setting. Having repetitive training in a safe and secure environment without fear of comprising patient safety is viewed as important for students.

There has been growing interest in simulation and skill training in midwifery education. Simulation laboratories have been established at many universities and training hospitals. The most commonly used simulation types in midwifery education are scenario-based skill training with standardised patients, scenario-based high-technology simulators, and simulators not involving technological design (e.g., episiotomy simulators, pelvic simulators for childbirth, simulator dolls). In midwifery education, it is aimed to teach students basic and advanced practice skills, such as delivering a certain number of babies, making and repairing episiotomies and assisting breech births. Simulation-based learning develops professional competence in midwifery educators as well as equipping and empowering midwifery students regarding practices. In undergraduate midwifery education, students are provided with obstetric skill training in electronic foetal monitoring (EFM), childbirth management, shoulder dystocia, postpartum haemorrhage, breech birth, umbilical cord prolapse and perineal repair (laceration and episiotomy). It has been determined that simulation-based training affected positively participants' perceived readiness. Training provided with high-fidelity, high-technology simulators has been determined to enhance students' self-efficacy, confidence and satisfaction.

It has been aimed to find answers of "is there any difference in students' levels of anxiety, self-efficacy and knowledge on breech birth management between a pelvic simulator group and a computer-based simulator group before and after the training?" and "is there any difference in improving skills in breech birth management between the two groups?"

Eligibility Criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

1. Students who were enrolled in the senior year
2. Students who participated in the High-Risk Birth Management course
3. Students who received theoretical information on breech birth management

3. Students who agreed to take part in the study

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Students who failed in the High-Risk Birth Management course
2. Students who did not participate in theoretical education of breech birth management