Development of the Photographic Shoulder Scale

Shoulder pain is a common cause of musculoskeletal complaints that affects home and work activities, as well as quality of life. It is the third most common musculoskeletal issue after spinal and knee pathologies. The prognosis for individuals with shoulder pain can vary, with approximately 50% still reporting symptoms six months after seeking primary care. In addition to pain, functional limitations can occur, interfering with work, hobbies, and social or sports activities. A large group of patients report persistent shoulder pain with a high rate of sick leave. As a result, the total economic cost associated with shoulder pain also becomes a significant concern.

The most frequently reported clinical pathologies associated with chronic shoulder pain are rotator cuff disorders, adhesive capsulitis, and glenohumeral osteoarthritis, which collectively constitute the largest portion of all shoulder pain pathologies. Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) are often used to assess functional loss and disability in patients. These outcome measures provide evidence about patients' perceptions of treatment and offer data on the long-term effectiveness of interventions. For this purpose, many shoulder-specific questionnaires have been developed.

Developing a tool that uses photographs representing activities to measure how much patients struggle with daily life activities could be an important alternative for shoulder patients. An example of such a scale is the Photograph Series of Daily Activities-Short Electronic Version (PHODA-SeV), which was developed for low back pain. A different photographic scale has also been developed to assess avoidance behavior in patients with shoulder pain. Similarly, developing a specific photographic scale to assess daily life activities in patients with shoulder pain could be useful in clinical practice, as it would help patients better understand the scope of the questions.

The aim of our study is to develop a photographic scale that includes daily life activities involving the shoulder to assess pain and function in patients with shoulder pain. Additionally, the study aims to evaluate the structural validity and internal consistency of the developed scale.

Hypotheses:

H0: The Photographic Shoulder Scale is not valid and reliable for individuals with shoulder pain.

H1: The Photographic Shoulder Scale is valid and reliable for individuals with shoulder pain.

In the research methodology, a Patient Information Form will be used to evaluate demographic and clinical information, along with the Photographic Shoulder Scale developed by us. Additionally, the ASES (American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons) Scale will be used to assess shoulder pain and function, the Quick DASH scale will be used to measure the level of disability and functional limitations, and the SF-12 Scale will be used to assess quality of life.

Developing a specific photographic scale to assess daily life activities in patients with shoulder pain could be useful in clinical practice for helping patients understand the scope of thequestions. This scale could contribute to identifying the difficulties in daily activities caused by shoulder pain and assist clinicians in developing treatment plans. It may also help in identifying the disability in daily life activities due to shoulder pain.

Eligibility Criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

* Individuals with traumatic or non-traumatic shoulder pain lasting for more than 3 months

Exclusion Criteria:

* Individuals with neurological and/or rheumatological diseases
* Active local or systemic infections
* A history of cancer
* Severe visual impairments
* Patients with traumatic conditions awaiting surgery