Teaching Use of Respiratory Inhalers (TURI)

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the feasibility of enrolling and randomizing patients into one of two educational interventions to teach appropriate respiratory inhaler technique and to collect preliminary estimates of the comparative effectiveness of two types of education.

Teach-to-Goal (TTG) education employs instruction followed by patient "teach-back," then repeated cycles of learning and assessment until a skill, i.e. respiratory inhaler technique, is mastered. By contrast, Brief Intervention (BI) education only consists of providing the patient with verbal and written instruction on the skill, i.e., respiratory inhaler technique.

The investigators hypothesize that hospital-based TTG compared to BI increases a patient's ability to learn respiratory inhaler technique. The investigators will test this hypothesis separately for the MDI and Diskus® devices.

Respiratory inhalers are often used incorrectly by hospitalized patients with asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). As the mainstay of bronchodilator and anti-inflammatory therapy for these patients, the implication of this difficulty with self-management is that patients are at risk for under-treatment and worse health outcomes. Several factors are thought to contribute to poor self-management skills, particularly inadequate patient education at healthcare encounters and inadequate patient health literacy (HL; ability to understand and use healthcare instructions). Inadequate HL in patients with asthma leads to worse knowledge about medications in general and inhaler technique specifically, and patients with inadequate HL are more likely to be hospitalized. As a result, national and international guidelines for both asthma and COPD recommend patient education to improve self-management skills regarding use of respiratory inhalers and assessing patient comprehension at all points of care, including hospitals. However, the most effective strategy to instruct patients about respiratory inhaler use in hospital settings is unclear, particularly in populations enriched with inadequate HL.

Teach-to-goal (TTG) is a method of patient instruction that employs repeated rounds of teaching and assessments of patient comprehension until mastery is confirmed. Our preliminary data in hospitalized patients suggest that TTG may be a particularly powerful method to teach this high-risk population how to use respiratory inhalers correctly, including patients with inadequate HL. However, TTG is likely to be more resource-intensive (personnel training and time) than approaches used in everyday clinical settings (usual care). Further, the relative magnitude of the effectiveness of TTG compared to other less resource-intensive methods on patient comprehension and health outcomes is not known. As healthcare resources are limited, empiric data about the comparative effectiveness of TTG and alternate approaches of patient education are needed.

Therefore this pilot comparative effectiveness study will compare the TTG approach versus a brief intervention (BI) for patients hospitalized with asthma or COPD to evaluate the feasibility of conducting a randomized clinical trial of two educational interventions in this population and to collect preliminary estimates of the relative benefits of TTG vs. BI. These data will help inform the design of subsequent larger studies of comparative effectiveness.

The primary research goal is to evaluate the feasibility of conducting a randomized clinical trial of two different strategies to teach respiratory inhaler use and to determine preliminary estimates of effect size for the interventions; specifically, the investigators will assess our recruitment and retention rates, pilot test case reports and other study procedures and to evaluate the resources (staff \& investigator time, costs for patient incentives and other study materials) needed to perform the trial. These data will inform subsequent studies by providing important information regarding feasibility, effect size for sample calculations and preliminary data to secure funding for the development of further research. The Specific Aims are:

Specific Aim 1: To evaluate the feasibility of enrolling and randomizing patients into an educational intervention to teach appropriate respiratory inhaler technique.

Specific Aim 2: To obtain a preliminary estimate of the effect size of TTG vs. BI in order to determine the necessary sample size for a larger comparative effectiveness study designed to improve health outcomes.

Eligibility Criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

* 18 years and older
* Admission to the inpatient medical service and surgical service
* Physician-diagnosed asthma or COPD
* Physician plans to discharge patients home on a metered dose inhaler (MDI; e.g., albuterol)

Exclusion Criteria:

* Currently in an intensive care unit
* Physician declines to provide consent
* Patient unable to provide assent (history of cognitive impairment, unable to understand English), or declines to provide consent
* Previous participant in this study