Regulating Emotions Like An eXpert Among Adolescents With ADHD

This study consists of a randomized controlled trial assessing the acceptability, feasibility, and efficacy of the RELAX (Regulating Emotions Like An eXpert) Intervention. Following randomization, 30 families will receive the RELAX intervention and 30 families will receive psychoeducational materials as part of a control condition. Additionally, 10 families from the RELAX condition will participate in a pilot study and focus groups to give feedback on developed smartphone apps to support skill use during and following completion of RELAX.

This study seeks to quantify the efficacy of the telehealth RELAX intervention (n = 30) relative to a psychoeducational waitlist control (PWL; n = 30) through a RCT. The psychoeducational component will consist of infographics for parents and adolescents regarding ER strategies, parent emotion socialization, and managing interpersonal conflict. Participants will be 60 adolescents with ADHD in middle or high school (ages 11-16) who display moderate to severe emotion dysregulation as measured by the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale, and a primary caregiver. Adolescents will have an estimated verbal IQ ≥ 80, as indicated by the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, Fifth Edition Verbal Comprehension Index, with no evidence of severe developmental delay. All participants must be proficient in English. Adolescents may have comorbid conditions, so the sample will represent real-world adolescents with ADHD.

Ten families who complete the RELAX intervention will be asked to participate in the ecological momentary intervention (EMI) pilot study which will assess the developed EMI procedure's acceptability, appropriateness, and feasibility of using smartphone apps to practice the skills learned during RELAX both during the original 8 weekly sessions and throughout the 6 month follow-up period using Likert-ratings. Additionally, they will be asked if they are interested in accessing the mobile apps for a 4-week period to continue practicing the skills learned in RELAX and to provide more in-depth feedback on the app to the research team via a 1-hour focus group.

Eligibility Criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

* child with ADHD in middle or high school at time of study entry
* child has an estimated verbal IQ \>=80 based on the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, Fifth Edition Verbal Comprehension Index
* child has no evidence of severe developmental delay either from genetic origins (e.g., Down Syndrome) or complications during pregnancy/birth (e.g., infection, micropremature)
* participating parent/legal guardian has custody/medical decision making of the child
* family uses English as one of their primary languages (i.e., able to participate in study visits and intervention conducted in English)

Exclusion Criteria:

* child not diagnosed with ADHD as confirmed by prior documented diagnosis and/or current comprehensive ADHD assessment as part of intake visit
* having a child outside of the eligible age range of 11-16 at time of study enrollment
* participating parent not having legal custody of the child
* having parents or children who are not fluent in English
* having a child with a severe developmental delay either from genetic origins (e.g., Down Syndrome) or complications from pregnancy/birth (e.g., infection, micro-premature)
* child has an IQ \< 70.