Immediate Effects of Graston Massage on Muscle Properties and Performance in Elite Female Handball Players

The aim of this study is to investigate the immediate effects of Graston massage on muscle mechanical properties and sports performance in elite handball players with isolated gastrocnemius tightness.

Handball is a high-paced competitive sport that requires advanced physical demands. The ability to achieve the desired performance in handball is influenced by the functionality of the lower extremities. One of the key structures responsible for the mobility of the lower extremities is the gastrocnemius muscle. The gastrocnemius is a superficial, two-headed skeletal muscle located in the posterior part of the leg, with its primary function being plantar flexion of the ankle. Due to intense usage, improper training models, or various traumas, structural abnormalities may develop in the gastrocnemius muscle among athletes. One of the most common structural disorders is isolated gastrocnemius tightness (IGT). IGT is considered critical in terms of sports injuries and performance and is also recognized as a prevalent disorder even in the general population.

IGT, which arises as a result of gastrocnemius-soleus contracture, is a muscle dysfunction characterized by increased stiffness of the ankle joint in dorsiflexion. Restrictions in dorsiflexion caused by IGT can increase pressure on soft tissues during changing conditions and sudden movements in training and competitions, leading to a higher risk of injury and potential declines in sports performance. Chronic muscle tightness also affects the viscoelastic properties of the muscle. Mechanical muscle properties such as muscle tone and stiffness are considered fundamental elements for maintaining efficient muscle contractions in terms of both function and energy. A shortened and tight skeletal muscle may hinder potential force production, leading to increased muscle tone and stiffness. Increased tone and stiffness, in turn, can reduce movement efficiency and contribute to a higher risk of injuries.

IGT can be alleviated through various interventions, including exercise models, surgical procedures, and myofascial release techniques. The Graston technique is recommended for restoring optimal length in the myofascial complex, enhancing function, and improving hypomobility caused by skeletal muscle tightness.

Previous studies have emphasized the importance of IGT and its treatment. However, no comprehensive study has been found regarding the effects of preventive measures against IGT on sports performance and muscle properties in athletes. Identifying IGT and implementing effective compensatory mechanisms play a crucial role in maintaining athlete health and sustaining performance, highlighting the significance of this research.

Eligibility Criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

* Participants must have IGT in at least one leg.
* Age range must be between 19-27 years.
* Must have been a licensed handball player for at least the past five years.
* Must not have undergone any surgical operation in the past year.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Participants who are in their menstrual period will be excluded from the study.
* Those who have used pharmacological products classified as muscle relaxants or derivatives within the last 24 hours will be excluded.
* Those who do not meet the inclusion criteria will be excluded from the study.