Determination of Posture in Patients With Restrictive and Obstructive Lung Disease

The aim of this study is to determine posture and posture related factors in patients with restrictive and obstructive lung disease.

It is aimed at investigating posture and posture related factors according to both type of disease and severity of disease in patients with restrictive and obstructive lung disease. The secondary purpose is to develop a model that determines correlations between posture and functional exercise capacity, respiratory and peripheral muscle strength, tightness of muscle, balance, and physical activity for each disease that will be included in this study. In accordance with these purposes, for each group, at least 15 patients with obstructive and restrictive lung disease will be included according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria for each disease, and 15 healthy controls will be included. Tests and questionnaires will be used in order to determine the severity of diseases. Lung function test and respiratory and peripheral muscle strength test will be performed. Time and Go test (TUG) and One minute sit to stand test will be performed. To evaluate the accessory respiratory muscles, a muscle tightness test will be performed for each muscle. Six Minute Walk Test (6 MWT) will be performed with an armband that measures energy expenditure for functional exercise capacity. To evaluate posture, the Corbin Postural Assessment Scale and photographic analysis will be used. Photographical analysis using software in lateral, posterior, and anterior views will be used for the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar regions. For angular and length measurements, anatomical landmarks will be determined and calculated in the regions. According to the results to be obtained, changes in posture according to the regions and posture related factors will be determined for each disease. It will guide professional working in this field.

Eligibility Criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Group Inclusion Criteria:

* Over 55 years old,
* Stage 1-2-3-4 according to the GOLD,
* Being clinically stable for the last 4 weeks.

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Group Exclusion Criteria:

* Receiving long-term oxygen therapy,
* Having central and peripheral vestibular disease,
* Communication problems, known mental and cognitive problems,
* Having undergone any surgical intervention related to the spine within the last six months,

Inclusion Criteria for the Cystic Fibrosis Group:

* Being diagnosed with CF as a result of two sweat tests,
* Being over 18 years old.

Cystic Fibrosis Group Exclusion Criteria:

* Being in acute pulmonary exacerbation period,
* Receiving long-term oxygen therapy,
* Having undergone any surgical intervention related to the spine within the last six months,

Inclusion Criteria for the Asthma Group:

* Diagnosed with asthma according to the Global Strategy for the Prevention and Treatment of Asthma (GINA),
* Clinically stable for the last 1 month
* Being over 18 years old.

Asthma Group Exclusion Criteria:

* Change in medication for the last 1 month.
* Having undergone any surgical intervention related to the spine in the last six months,

Inclusion Criteria for Bronchiectasis Group:

* Being over 18 years old,
* Being diagnosed with bronchiectasis other than cystic fibrosis,
* Being clinically stable for the last 1 month.

Bronchiectasis Group Exclusion Criteria:

* Receiving long-term oxygen therapy,
* Having undergone any surgical intervention related to the spine in the last six months.

Diffuse Parenchymal Lung Diseases Inclusion Criteria:

* Being diagnosed with diffuse parenchymal lung according to American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society (ATS/ERS) criteria,
* Being over 18 years old,
* Having volunteered to participate in the research,
* To be clinically stable and to have comorbid conditions (such as hypertension, diabetes) under control,

Diffuse Parenchymal Lung Diseases Exclusion Criteria:

* Having undergone any surgical intervention related to the spine within the last six months,
* Having exacerbation in the last 3 months