Study to Evaluate H56:IC31 in Preventing Rate of TB Recurrence

This is a phase 2, double-blind, randomized (1:1), placebo-controlled trial with two parallel groups.

* H56:IC31 (investigational vaccine)
* Placebo

  900 HIV-negative adults with a diagnosis of drug susceptible pulmonary TB are planned to be included, recruited from TB clinics with established relationships to the trial sites at the start of their TB treatment.

  5 study sites in South Africa: 2 sites from the AURUM institute (Klerksdorp and Tembisa) and 3 in Cape Town at TASK Applied Science (TASK), the University of Cape Town Lung Institute (UCTLI) and South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative (SATVI) under UCT, respectively.

  1 study site in Tanzania (TZ): 1 site at Mbeya Medical Research Centre (MMRC) under the National Institute for Medical Research (NIMR).

This is a phase 2, double-blind, randomized (1:1), placebo-controlled trial with two parallel groups.

* H56:IC31 (investigational vaccine)
* Placebo

  900 HIV-negative adults with a diagnosis of drug susceptible pulmonary TB are planned to be included, recruited from TB clinics with established relationships to the trial sites at the start of their TB treatment.

  5 study sites in South Africa: 2 sites from the AURUM institute (Klerksdorp and Tembisa) and 3 in Cape Town at TASK Applied Science (TASK), the University of Cape Town Lung Institute (UCTLI)) and South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative (SATVI) under UCT, respectively.

  1 study site in Tanzania (TZ): 1 site at Mbeya Medical Research Centre (MMRC) under the National Institute for Medical Research (NIMR).

Preclinical data suggest H56:IC31 may be more efficacious if administered while patients are still on treatment. Following the national guidelines for TB treatment in South Africa and Tanzania, we will obtain sputum samples from patients towards the end of treatment at about the same time they are obtained within the national TB control programmes, and if the sputum is smear negative, the criterion for successful treatment within TB programmes, the individual will be eligible for randomization and vaccination towards the end of their six-month treatment period.

As this is a proof of concept TB vaccine study, HIV positive individuals have been excluded as it is not yet known what effect HIV infection may have on the immune response to the vaccine. However, HIV positive individuals are an important population to include in future studies should efficacy be demonstrated in this study.

Eligibility Criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

1. Completed the written informed consent process.
2. Agrees to give access to medical records for trial related purposes.
3. Was HIV-negative (self-reported) with a diagnosis of drug susceptible pulmonary TB at the start of the TB treatment.
4. Able to provide 2 separate sputum samples within ≤ 7 days of starting TB treatment. Participants are not expected to provide sputum samples prior to starting TB treatment if their 1st screening visit (V1) is performed on the same day as their 2nd screening visit (V2).
5. Confirmed Mtb negative by smear AFB microscopy of 2 separate sputum samples taken at V2. Participants unable to produce sputum, but considered asymptomatic by the investigator, may be considered Mtb negative and eligible for inclusion.
6. Confirmed HIV negative at V2.
7. Completed ≥ 5 months (22 weeks) of TB treatment with treatment still ongoing at the time of the 1st vaccination and total treatment time not extended beyond 28 weeks.
8. Aged ≥ 18 years on the date of V1 and ≤ 60 years on the date of V3= Day 0.
9. Agrees to stay in contact with the clinical trial site for the duration of the trial, provide updated contact information as necessary, and has no current plans to move from the area for the duration of the trial.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Diagnosis or co-diagnosis of extra pulmonary TB.
2. Hospitalized for the current episode of drug susceptible pulmonary TB disease.
3. History of or ongoing severe disease that in the opinion of the investigator might affect the safety of the participant or the immunogenicity of the investigational product.
4. Insulin dependent diabetes.
5. History of allergic disease or reactions likely to be exacerbated by any component of the investigational product.
6. History or laboratory evidence of immunodeficiency, autoimmune disease or immunosuppression.
7. History of chronic hepatitis.
8. Severe anemia, defined as hemoglobin less than 10 g/dL or a hematocrit less than 30% based on most recent hematology obtained before randomization.
9. History of receipt of treatment against active TB, prior to the current treatment episode, within the last 5 years
10. Receipt of any investigational TB vaccine previously.
11. Receipt or planned receipt of any investigational drug or investigational vaccine from V1 through V8= Day 421.
12. Receipt or planned receipt of any licensed vaccine from V1 through V6= Day 70, except for SARS-Cov-2 vaccines recommended by national vaccination programs which will be allowed if given \> 28 days before and from the time of administration of clinical trial product.
13. Receipt of treatment likely to modify the immune response (e.g. blood products, immunoglobulins, immunosuppressive treatment) within 42 days before V3= Day 0 through V6= Day 70. Inhaled and topical corticosteroids are permitted.
14. Has a body mass index (BMI) \< 13 (weight, kg / height, m2) on the date of V1.
15. Female participants of childbearing potential (not sterilized, menstruating or within 1 year of last menses, if post-menopausal): if not willing to use an acceptable method to avoid pregnancy (sterile sexual partner, sexual abstinence, hormonal contraceptives (oral, injection, transdermal patch, or implant) or intrauterine device from 28 days before V3= Day 0 until 2 months after the 2nd vaccination.
16. Female participants: if lactating / nursing, or pregnant as per positive pregnancy test on V2.
17. Not suitable for inclusion in the opinion of the investigator.