The Efficacy and Cost-Effectiveness of Behavioral Counseling for Exercise in Men and Women Following Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI) and Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI)

Purpose: The purpose of this project is to determine how effective the telephone-based counseling program is at helping patients with heart disease become more physically active.

Hypotheses to be tested:

* Compared to usual care, patients in the physical activity counseling program will:

  1. significantly increase total distance measured by an accelerometer and minutes of physical activity at a moderate intensity or higher,
  2. have significantly higher generic and heart-disease health-related quality of life, and
  3. will lead to greater improvements in the mediators of behavior change (psychosocial variables, i.e. self-efficacy, outcome expectations, etc.) at 26 and 52 weeks;
* Changes in the mediators of physical activity will predict changes in physical activity outcomes at 26 and 52 weeks;
* The physical activity counseling program is preferable to usual care from the perspective of health care system costs.

Most existing cardiac rehabilitation programs have little ability to expand participation using traditional delivery models that emphasize supervised, facility-based programs. Furthermore, facility-based programs to promote physical activity behavior in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) are limited in their impact because most patients are unwilling to travel more than 30-45 minutes to participate in a program. The University of Ottawa Heart Institute Prevention and Rehabilitation Centre (Ottawa, Canada) has developed a telephone-based counseling program, specifically to support heart patients in becoming more physically active. The study will involve patients either participating in a 12-month physical activity counseling (PAC) program, or receiving usual care after they are discharged from hospital. For patients assigned to the PAC group, a face-to-face meeting with a physical activity counselor will occur within 10 days to 2 weeks after being discharged from hospital. At this time the patient will be provided with a personalized physical activity program which will be tailored based on prior activity levels, clinical history, and recovery. The PAC patients will also receive eight telephone-based counseling sessions at 2, 4, 8, 14, 20 and 24 weeks, and 2 telephone maintenance contacts at 40 and 52 weeks after hospital discharge. Each telephone call is scheduled to last 10-15 minutes. For patients assigned to the usual care (UC) group, they will receive the physical activity advice and care usually provided to patients discharged from hospital. Following hospitalization, usual care typically includes a follow-up visit(s) with your cardiologist and/or family doctor. If requested, an activity program will be provided to usual care group participants after the study has finished. In addition, the patients will also be required to complete five research questionnaires, and two telephone interviews. The study will track all participants for a period of one year from the time they are discharged from hospital. Over the next twelve months 252 patients from the Ottawa Heart Institute are expected to take part in the study.

Eligibility Criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

* Cardiac Diagnosis:

  1) hospitalized patients ready for discharge following successful PCI procedure
* Including patients receiving PCI following admission for AMI or hospitalized post-AMI patients who have not been revascularized
* No lesions with \>50 % stenosis
* English proficiency in reading, writing and speaking
* Age: 20-85 years

Exclusion Criteria:

* Those patients who are already taking part in another research trial.
* Patient intends to enroll, or is currently enrolled in structured cardiac rehabilitation
* Unable to participate in the on-site cardiac supervised rehab program, cardiac rehab lite, case-managed home cardiac rehab program, Pembroke cardiac rehab program
* Hospitalization for coronary artery bypass (CABG)
* Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
* Hospitalization for diagnostic procedure not associated with previously documented MI
* Patient coming back to hospital for planned staged PCI within 6 months
* Cardiac transplantation
* Presence of, or hospitalization for defibrillator implant
* Hospitalization for pacemaker implantation
* Unresolved unstable angina and/or hospitalization for angina (without MI or PCI)
* Uncontrolled arrhythmias causing symptoms or hemodynamic compromise
* Neuromuscular, musculoskeletal or rheumatoid disorders that are exacerbated by exercise
* Other uncontrolled metabolic conditions (e.g. diabetes)
* Chronic infectious diseases such as mononucleosis, hepatitis, AIDS
* Acute systemic illness or fever
* Uncontrolled tachycardia (\<120 bpm)
* Uncompensated congestive heart failure (and/or NYHA Class III, or IV)
* 3rd degree atrioventricular (AV) block (without pacemaker)
* Active pericarditis or myocarditis
* Recent embolism
* Suspected or known abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) \> 4cm
* Uncontrolled hypertension (systolic blood pressure \[SBP\] \>200; diastolic blood pressure \[DBP\] \>110)
* Pregnancy