Chinese Medicine on Deferring Dialysis Initiation

Stage 5 chronic kidney disease (CKD), also end stage renal disease(ESRD), usually presents overt clinical symptoms and is a critical stage when patients are encountered with dialysis. The optimal time to initiating dialysis in patients with stage 5 CKD is addressed as the most important dialysis-related question. As indicated by the recently published European Renal Best Practice (ERBP) guideline, early initiation seemed to produce no benefit but greater expenditure and sometimes more harm.Renal replacement therapies (RRT) including dialysis are the most common procedures for patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD), but conservative management should be an option in patients who still experience the stable period without clinical indications of dialysis.Chinese Medicine (CM) is recognized as an alternative therapy on alleviating uremic symptoms, deferring dialysis initiation, and improving quality of life. Although the effects of CM on kidney disease have been demonstrated in animal experiments, evidence from large clinical trial is insufficient. So we raise the hypothesis that CM therapies including Chinese herbal formula, Chinese patent medicine via oral pattern and/or Colonic administration, will defer the initiation of dialysis in adults with stage 5 CKD.

Chinese Medicine (CM) treatment has been applied to CKD patients commonly in China, especially those independent of dialysis. Based on the personal experience of experts from different areas in China, patients with stage 5 CKD have been treated with different formulations of herbs including Astragalus membranaceus (Huangqi), Codonopsis pilosula (Dangshen), Semen Cuscutae (Tusizi) and Radix et Rhizoma Rhei (Dahuang) etc. . Based on the Traditional Chinese Medicine theory and clinical practise, these herbal medicines help strengthening "spleen-kidney" and dispelling "turbidity" . To determine whether CM therapies including Chinese herbal formula, Chinese patent medicine via oral pattern and/or Colonic administration, will significantly defer dialysis initiation, we conduct the Chinese Medicine on Deferring Dialysis Initiation (C-MODDI) study. It's a multicenter, prospective, controlled trial, also an effectiveness study that are conducted in the "real world" of a variety of busy clinical practices, with heterogeneous interventions that are more representative of the general effectiveness of CM therapies.

Eligibility Criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

* Aged 18-75 years;
* with an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) between 5.5-15 ml/min per 1.73 m2;
* Non-diabetic CKD, which should be identified by biopsy or patients' medical histories.
* East Asian.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Clinical indications of dialysis still occur after conservative kidney management for 1 week, which will be ruled out as hemoglobin \< 70g/L; or serum potassium\> 6.5mmol/L; or Carbon Dioxide Combining Power (CO2CP) \<13mmol/L; or EPI-GFR≤5ml/min/1.73m2 ;
* Pregnant or lactating.
* Critical status, such as alimentary tract hemorrhage or decompensated cirrhosis;
* History of malignancy other than a successfully and completely treated carcinoma;
* Any condition (mental or physical) that would interfere with the patient's ability to comply with the study protocol;
* Concurrent or current treatment with glucocorticoid or immunosuppressant agents in last 3 months;
* Participation in any other clinical trial;
* Known or suspected allergy to certain agents involved;