Efficacy Study of a ZT-1 Implant in Patients Suffering From Alzheimer's Disease

Alzheimer's disease is characterised by memory loss and difficulties with thinking. These problems may be due to a deficiency in a brain chemical called acetylcholine. Acetylcholine helps transmit messages between nerve cells. Acetylcholine is degraded by an enzyme called "acetylcholinesterase". ZT-1 is a new drug derived from a plant extract already used in China for memory disorders, which blocks the action of the enzyme and restores adequate levels of acetylcholine.

This study will test the safety and efficacy of ZT-1 in the treatment of patients with Alzheimer's disease.

BRAINz stands for Better Recollection for Alzheimer's patients with the Implant of ZT-1.

This is a multicenter, randomised, double-blind, double-dummy, oral donepezil controlled study on the safety and efficacy of repeated monthly s.c. injections of a sustained-release implant of ZT 1 in patients with moderate Alzheimer's Disease.

The study enrolls patients aged \>50 years, with moderate AD with a MMSE score at study screening ≥14 and ≤22. The study aims to recruit 128 patients.

The study is divided into 3 periods:

1. A screening period
2. A 6-month treatment period, consisting of one month of titration with an oral medication and 5 months of treatment with an implant administered under the skin every 4 weeks. Oral treatment will be maintained throughout the treatment phase
3. A 2 week follow-up period.

Patients will be randomized in a 1:1 ratio to one of 2 groups: the ZT-1 (investigational product) treatment group or the donepezil (active comparator) treatment group.

The study comprises a total of 11 visits including screening and follow-up. An additional visit for PK/PD assessment is scheduled in about 10% of patients.

Eligibility Criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

1. Presence of moderately severe probable AD, diagnosed according to the DSM-IV and the NINCDS-ADRDA criteria;
2. MMSE score ≥ 14 and ≤ 22;
3. Male/female patient aged \> 50 years; female patients should be of no child-bearing potential or postmenopausal (at least one year after last menses);
4. Body mass index (BMI) between 18 and 29 kg/m2 inclusive;
5. Has a caregiver, is living at home or in an assisted living facility, is able to attend ambulatory study visits;
6. Naïve to donepezil;
7. Has discontinued another AChEI and/or memantine at least 3 months prior to study visit 2 (Day 1);
8. Has a CT or MRI scan excluding another structural brain disease and supporting diagnosis of AD; CT or MRI scan must have been performed within 6 months prior to study visit 2 (Day 1, baseline);
9. Fluent in English (mother tongue or working language);
10. Able to communicate well with the Investigator;
11. Physically able to carry out functional tasks;
12. Has given written informed consent together with the caregiver.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Presence of any disabling, severe or life-threatening disease (cardiac, respiratory, gastro-intestinal, neurological, epileptic, psychiatric, infectious, bone, endocrinologic);
2. Inability to discontinue at least 2 weeks prior to visit 2 (Day 1) (or within 5 drug half-lives, whichever is longer) any medication listed as prohibited;
3. Proven or clinically suspected other type of dementia such as vascular dementia, post-traumatic dementia, fronto-temporal dementia, dementia associated with Parkinson's Disease, infectious disease HIV, syphilis), folate or vitamin B12 deficiency, hypothyroidism etc.;
4. Significant liver impairment with ASAT, ALAT \>=3x the upper normal limit at screening;
5. Significant kidney impairment with serum creatinine \>=2x the upper normal limit at screening;
6. Presence of cardiac rhythm disorder, in particular bradycardia (\< 60 bpm), conduction abnormalities such as AV block; presence of active ischaemia (such as unstable angina pectoris) or recent myocardial infarction, QT interval ≥ 450 msec at screening, QRS complex ≥ 110 msec at screening (ECG must be within normal limits at screening);
7. Uncontrolled arterial hypertension i.e. patients with systolic blood pressure (BP) \>=160 mmHg and/or diastolic \>=100 mmHg, at screening despite regular medication;
8. Uncontrolled arterial hypotension, i.e. patients with systolic BP ≤ 100 mmHg and/or presenting a fall of systolic BP ≥ 20 mmHg or a fall of diastolic BP \>=10 mmHg after the 2 min Schellong test at screening;
9. Any concomitant disorder or resultant therapy that is likely to interfere with patient compliance or his/her participation to the study;
10. Participation in another study with an experimental drug within 3 months before study visit 2 (Day 1, baseline) or within 5 drug half-lives of the investigational drug (whichever is the longer);
11. Known peripheral cholinergic intolerance, i.e. with previously prescribed AChEI(s);
12. Known hypersensitivity to any of the test materials or related compounds, including lactose, present in the donepezil and placebo capsules;
13. Known active use of recreational drug or alcohol dependence, current alcohol abuse;
14. Inability to comply fully with the protocol;
15. Patients who, in the opinion of the Investigator, are considered unsuitable for any other reason.