Universal Dual-target NKG2D-NKp44 CAR-T Cells in Advanced Solid Tumors

This is a single arm, open-label, multi-center, phase I study to evaluate the safety, tolerability, preliminary efficacy, pharmacodynamics and immunogenicity of universal chimeric natural killer receptor modified T-cells (CNK-UT) targeting NKG2D-Ligands and NCR2-Ligands with or without lymphodepletion in advanced solid tumors.

This is a single arm, open-label, multi-center, phase I, dose escalation/indications expansion study to assess the safety and tolerability of CNK-UT cells therapy, and to obtain the preliminary efficacy, pharmacodynamics and immunogenicity result in participants who have been diagnosed with advanced solid tumors and failed to standard systemic treatment.

Eligibility Criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

1. Aged 18 to 70 years (including 18 and 70 years old), male or female;
2. Participants with advanced solid tumor diagnosed by histology or cytology (or patients with clinically diagnosed hepatocellular carcinoma) have recurrence or disease progression after first or second-line treatment (with metastasis not excluded). Either the existing standard regimen has failed or cannot be tolerated, or the researchers believe that the participants are not suitable for standard treatment for medical reasons (The Dose Escalation Stage is not limited to the types of tumors, including but not limited to advanced hepatocellular carcinoma, advanced colorectal cancer, advanced cholangiocarcinoma, advanced renal cell carcinoma, advanced triple negative breast cancer, melanoma, sarcoma etc. The Indications Expansion Stages include advanced hepatocellular carcinoma, advanced colorectal cancer, advanced cholangiocarcinoma, advanced renal cell carcinoma, advanced triple negative breast cancer, melanoma, sarcoma).
3. According to the RECIST 1.1, there is at least one measurable target lesion, or a measurable lesion with definite progression after local treatment (based on RECIST v1.1 standard);
4. ECOG physical status score 0 or 1;
5. Estimated life expectancy \> 12 weeks;
6. Adequate organ and bone marrow function, and the laboratory test value meets the following requirements within 7 days before enrollment, as follows:

   Blood Routine Test: Absolute neutrophil count (ANC)≥1.0×10\^9/L; Platelet count ≥75×10\^9/L; Haemoglobin≥9.0 g/dL; Hepatic function：Total bilirubin≤3×ULN; Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) or alanine aminotransferase (ALT)≤5×ULN; Serum albumin≥28 g/L; Renal function: Serum creatinine≤1.5×ULN, or Creatinine clearance rate (CCR)≥60 mL/min (Cockroft-Gault formula); Coagulation function: International normalized ratio (INR)≤1.5×ULN.
7. All toxic responses originating from previous radiotherapy, chemotherapy, or other treatments (occurring within 4 weeks or 5 half-lives of anti-tumor drugs therapy \[including but not limited to chemotherapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy, Chinese herbal medicine\]) have returned to NCI CTCAEV5.0 Grade≤1 (except for hair loss);
8. Sufficient venous access for intravenous infusion or venous blood collection;
9. Female participants of childbearing age must undergo a serum or urine pregnancy test before enrollment, and the results must be negative, and agree to take acceptable measures to minimize the possibility of pregnancy during the trial; For female participants of childbearing age or male participants whose sexual partners are women of childbearing age, effective contraceptive measures should be taken during the study and for at least 6 months following the last dose of the study cells infusion.
10. participants voluntarily participate in clinical trial; Understand and know this study, sign an informed consent form, and be willing to follow all experimental procedures.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Suffering from other malignant tumors or diagnosed within 5 years before enrollment, excluding radical skin basal cell carcinoma, skin squamous cell carcinoma, thyroid cancer, breast cancer (ductal carcinoma in situ) and / or radical resection of carcinoma in situ.
2. Participants with a history of organ transplantation;
3. Participants with symptomatic central nervous system (CNS) metastasis confirmed by imaging or pathological examination and clinically unstable for at least 14 days prior to randomization who require steroid treatment.
4. Presence of gastroesophageal variceal hemorrhage caused by portal hypertension in the past 3 months; evidence of portal hypertension, assessed by researchers as having a high risk of bleeding.
5. Presence of any life-threatening bleeding occurred in the past 3 months, including the need for blood transfusion, surgery or local treatment, and continuous drug treatment.
6. Presence of arterial and venous thromboembolism events in the past 6 months, including myocardial infarction, unstable angina, cerebrovascular accident or transient ischemic attack, pulmonary embolism, deep vein thrombosis or any other serious thromboembolism history. Except for implantable intravenous infusion port or catheter-derived thrombosis, or superficial venous thrombosis, thrombus stability after routine anticoagulant therapy.Allow prophylactic use of small doses of low molecular weight heparin (such as enoxaparin 40 mg/day).
7. Severe bleeding tendency or coagulation dysfunction, or undergoing thrombolytic therapy.
8. Uncontrollable hypertension, systolic blood pressure \>160 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure \>100 mmHg after optimal medical treatment, history of hypertensive crisis or hypertensive encephalopathy.
9. Symptomatic congestive heart failure (New York Heart Association Class II-IV). Symptomatic or poorly controlled arrhythmia. History of congenital long QT syndrome or corrected QTc \> 500ms during screening (calculated by Fridericia method).
10. Participants with pulmonary diseases such as pulmonary fibrosis history, interstitial pneumonia, pneumoconiosis, drug-related pneumonia, severe lung function impairment, and Participants with COVID-19 and severe lung function damage caused by viral infection.
11. Active pulmonary tuberculosis (TB), who is receiving anti-tuberculosis treatment or has received anti-tuberculosis treatment within 1 year before enrollment; human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, known syphilis infection.
12. Severe infections that are active or poorly controlled clinically. Severe infection within 4 weeks prior to the initiation of the study, including but not limited to hospitalization due to infection, bacteremia, or complications of severe pneumonia.
13. Active autoimmune diseases that require systemic treatment (such as the use of disease relieving drugs, corticosteroids, or immunosuppressants) have occurred within 2 years prior to the initiation of the study. Allowing the use of alternative therapies (such as thyroxine, insulin, or physiological corticosteroids for adrenal or pituitary insufficiency), with a known history of primary immunodeficiency. Patients with only positive autoimmune antibodies need to confirm the presence of autoimmune diseases based on the judgment of the investigator.
14. Participants who have received local treatment for advanced tumors within 4 weeks prior to the initiation of the study.
15. Participants who have received radiation therapy within 4 weeks prior to the initiation of the study. For participants who receive radiation therapy 4 weeks before the first administration, all of the following conditions must be met before enrollment: no toxic responses related to radiation therapy, no need to take glucocorticoids, excluding radiation pneumonia, radiation hepatitis, and radiation enteritis; palliative radiotherapy for bone metastases lesion is allowed, which must be completed 2 weeks before enrollment.
16. Participants who have received traditional Chinese medicine with anti-tumor effects or drugs with immunomodulatory effects (including thymosin, interferon, interleukin, except for drugs that need to be used locally to control pleural or ascites) within 2 prior to the initiation of the study.
17. Participants who have received adjuvant surgical therapy, chemotherapy (6 weeks for mitomycin and nitrosourea), targeted therapy, and immunosuppressive therapy 4 weeks prior to the initiation of the study, such as corticosteroid users;
18. Participants who have received treatment from other clinical trials within 12 weeks prior to the initiation of the study.
19. Participants who receive attenuated live vaccines within 6 months prior to the initiation of the study or plan to receive them during the study period.
20. Participants who have undergone major surgery (craniotomy, thoracotomy, or laparotomy) within 4 weeks prior to the initiation of the study, or have severe unhealed wounds, ulcers, or fractures.
21. Uncontrolled/uncorrectable metabolic disorders or other non-malignant organ diseases or systemic diseases or secondary reactions to cancer, which can lead to higher medical risk and/or uncertainty in survival assessments.
22. Allergic to components of CNK-UT injection.
23. Participants suffer from known mental or substance abuse disorders, which may interfere with their ability to comply with research requirements.
24. Women who are pregnant or breastfeeding, as well as male or female participants who have planned for birth within 1 year after receiving medication.
25. Other situations that the participant is identified by the investigator as unsuitable to participate in the study.