Use of Alfuzosin in Stone Treatment With ESWL

Urinary tract stones may form in the kidneys or along the ureteric tracts and when left untreated, may result in complications such as pain, bleeding, infection and obstruction. ESWL (extra-corporeal shock wave lithotripsy) has been shown to be an effective and safe method of treatment for kidney and ureteric stones in-situ. In our centre, ESWL is done on an outpatient basis with oral pain killers in the weeks following treatment. Patients are also instructed to increase their fluid intake during this period to expedite the clearance of stone fragments. There have been studies to show that pain caused by stones is due to smooth muscle spasm along the ureters, possibly mediated by alpha-receptors. Alpha-blockers have been shown to improve the expulsion of stones and also improve pain relief when used alone, or together with ESWL treatment. In our study, we seek to investigate if alpha-blocker therapy (Alfuzosin) increases stone free rates and improves pain control after ESWL for renal and ureteric stones. The potential benefits include a higher rate of stone clearance and better pain control

Urinary tract stones may form in the kidneys or along the ureteric tracts and when left untreated, may result in complications such as pain, bleeding, infection and obstruction. ESWL (extra-corporeal shock wave lithotripsy) has been shown to be an effective and safe method of treatment for kidney and ureteric stones in-situ. In our centre, ESWL is done on an outpatient basis with oral pain killers in the weeks following treatment. Patients are also instructed to increase their fluid intake during this period to expedite the clearance of stone fragments. Alpha1-adrenergic blockers have been shown to improve stone free rates in renal stones and lower ureteric stones. Tamsulosin has been the agent most commonly investigated. There have been no studies done to study the effectiveness of Alfuzosin in stone treatment. Alfuzosin has been shown to be effective in treating benign prostatic hypertrophy, and has a good safety profile. Deliveliotis et al has shown that alfuzosin improves symptoms and quality of life in patients with double-J stents.

This is a prospective, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study involving patients undergoing ESWL for renal and ureteric stones. Exclusion criteria applies (please see below). The patients will be randomised into 2 groups: study VS control. Randomisation is done by using a computer generated list with block randomisation, assigning consecutive patients to either treatment arms. Our standard treatment is intravenous pethidine 50mg and intravenous maxolon 10mg at the onset of the ESWL session, followed by oral analgesics- NSAIDs with a gastroprotective agent. For this study, we will standardise all to oral naproxen 550mg BD with oral omeprazole 20mg BD. The study group will receive the standard treatment, with oral alfuzosin 10mg ON for 1 month, while the control group will receive a placebo. Patients will be given a diary in which to chart their pain scores, use of analgesics, episodes of pain, passage of stones, side-effects of the medications and complications of treatment. At the end of one month, all patients will be called back for review. Stone free status is ascertained with an X-ray, and the diary will be collected for further analysis.

Eligibility Criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

* All adult patients referred to our centre for ESWL treatment of renal or ureteric stones who give their informed consent.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Documented allergy or severe side effects to opioids/ NSAIDs/ Alfuzosin Severe hydronephrosis (on ultrasound or IVU) Radiolucent stones Urinary tract infections Previous pyeloureteral surgery Lower pole stones DJ stents in situ for stones Known renal/hepatic impairment or coagulopathy Pregnant Severe skeletal disease