A Phase 2 Study of VLX-1005 Versus Placebo in Suspected Heparin Induced Thrombocytopenia

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of VLX-1005, a 12-lipoxygenase (12-LOX) enzyme inhibitor in treating heparin induced thrombocytopenia (HIT). Participants with suspected HIT will receive the usual standard of care, and will be assigned randomly to either VLX-1005 or placebo treatment. The study will measure important outcomes including platelet count, stroke, pulmonary embolus (clot to the lungs) and bleeding.

Over 12 million patients are treated with heparin each year in the United States. Heparin induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is a recognized complication of heparin therapy and is characterized by the formation of antibodies to heparin and platelet factor 4 (PF4). The scale of the clinical problem is illustrated by cardiopulmonary bypass patients, half of whom develop antibodies to PF4/heparin complexes. In a significant proportion of such seropositive HIT patients, these antibodies will bind to and activate platelets, resulting in a drop in the number of platelets (thrombocytopenia) and activation of the coagulation (clotting) system. Formation of clots in this manner can lead to stroke, heart attacks, damage to internal organs or to limbs, and even death.

The current standard of care with anticoagulants such as argatroban or bivalirudin have not proven effective in reducing poor outcomes in HIT: major morbidity and death rates remain high (\> 20%). In addition, these anticoagulants increase the risk of major bleeding (\~20%) which can prove to be a fatal complication of such therapy.

VLX-1005 has been developed to address the major unmet clinical need for safer, more effective therapy for HIT. VLX-1005 is a drug that blocks the 12-lipoxygenase (12-LOX) pathway that is believed to be responsible for platelet activation in HIT. In animal models of HIT, VLX-1005 can prevent or treat HIT and halt the development of both thrombocytopenia and abnormal blood clots. The drug has not been associated with increased bleeding in either animals or healthy human volunteers.

The current study will enroll patients suspected of having HIT by clinical measures (4T score) and by laboratory testing (heparin-PF4 immunoassay). Patients will be randomly assigned in a double-blind fashion to either VLX-1005 intravenously or placebo. All patients will receive current guideline mandated therapy for HIT that will include the standard of care anticoagulation: either argatroban or bivalirudin. Patients will be treated for 7 to 14 days until the platelet count has recovered into the normal range. The study will measure important outcomes including platelet count recovery time, stroke, pulmonary embolus, deep vein thrombosis, myocardial infarction, limb and organ injury, and major bleeding.

Eligibility Criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

1. Adult participants ≥ 18 years of age.
2. Able to provide informed consent or have informed consent provided on their behalf by a primary caregiver prior to study-related activities being initiated.
3. Recent unfractionated heparin or low-molecular-weight heparin exposure.
4. Qualifying platelet count \< 150 X 10\^9/L and clinical 4T score of ≥ 4; candidate for argatroban or bivalirudin treatment.
5. Positive PF4-immunoassay (eg, ELISA \[≥ 1.0 optical density units\], LIA \[≥ 1.0 U/mL\], CLIA \[≥ 1.0 U/mL\]).

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Exclusion Criteria:

1. Treatment with argatroban or bivalirudin for ≥ 60 hrs prior to randomization.
2. Following discontinuation of heparin, participants cannot be treated with a non-heparin anti-coagulant for ≥ 60 hours.
3. Current renal dialysis.
4. Pregnant or lactating women.
5. Have participated in any other investigational drug trial within 30 days of dosing or 5 half-lives (whichever is longer) in the current study.
6. In the opinion of the investigator, unlikely to comply with key elements of the protocol or otherwise inappropriate for the study.