Rituximab and Combination Chemotherapy in Treating Patients With Newly Diagnosed Primary CNS Lymphoma

RATIONALE: Drugs used in chemotherapy work in different ways to stop the growth of cancer cells, either by killing the cells or by stopping them from dividing. Monoclonal antibodies, such as rituximab, can block cancer growth in different ways. Some block the ability of cancer cells to grow and spread. Others find cancer cells and help kill them or carry cancer-killing substances to them. Giving rituximab with combination chemotherapy may kill more cancer cells.

PURPOSE: This phase II trial is studying how well rituximab given with combination chemotherapy works in treating patients with newly diagnosed primary CNS lymphoma.

OBJECTIVES:

Primary

* Determine the complete response rate after remission induction therapy with the combination of high-dose methotrexate (HDMTX), temozolomide, and rituximab at 4 months.

Secondary

* Determine the safety and feasibility of consolidation therapy comprising cytarabine and etoposide administered after induction therapy in these patients.
* Determine the percentage of patients who achieve durable (complete and partial) remission when treated with this regimen.
* Determine relapse-free survival after complete response in patients treated with this regimen.
* Correlate molecular markers with outcome in patients treated with this regimen.
* Determine the effects of this regimen on neurological function in these patients.

OUTLINE: This is a multicenter study.

* Induction Chemotherapy: All induction therapy courses repeat every 28 days.

  * Courses 1-3: Patients receive high-dose methotrexate IV over 4 hours on days 1 and 15, leucovorin calcium IV or orally every 6 hours beginning on days 2 and 16 and continuing until blood levels of methotrexate are in a safe range, and oral temozolomide on days 7-11. Patients also receive rituximab\* IV on days 3, 10, 17, and 24 of course 1 and days 3 and 10 of course 2 (total of 6 doses).

NOTE: \*Patients diagnosed with T-cell primary CNS lymphoma do not receive rituximab.

* Course 4: Patients receive oral temozolomide on days 7-11, high-dose methotrexate IV over 4 hours on day 15, and leucovorin calcium IV or orally every 6 hours beginning on day 16 and continuing until blood levels of methotrexate are in a safe range. Patients achieving a complete response or a complete response unconfirmed proceed to consolidation therapy.

  * Consolidation therapy I (course 5): Beginning 4 weeks after the start of course 4, patients receive high-dose methotrexate IV over 4 hours on day 1, leucovorin calcium IV or orally every 6 hours beginning on day 2 and continuing until blood levels of methotrexate are in a safe range, and oral temozolomide on days 7-11.
  * Consolidation therapy II (course 6): Beginning 3-5 weeks after the start of course 5, patients receive cytarabine IV over 2 hours twice daily and etoposide IV over 12 hours twice daily on days 1-4 and filgrastim (G-CSF) or sargramostim (GM-CSF) subcutaneously beginning on day 14 and continuing until blood counts recover.

Treatment continues in the absence of disease progression.

After completion of study treatment, patients are followed periodically for 3 years.

PROJECTED ACCRUAL: A total of 27-45 patients will be accrued for this study within 2-3 years.

Eligibility Criteria:
DISEASE CHARACTERISTICS:

* Histologically confirmed newly diagnosed primary CNS lymphoma confirmed by 1 of the following methods:

  * Brain biopsy or resection
  * Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cytology

    * Positive CSF cytology with or without measurable intracranial disease
* No evidence of systemic non-Hodgkin's lymphoma

  * CT scan or MRI of the chest, abdomen, and pelvis AND bilateral bone marrow biopsy or unilateral biopsy with a 2cm core biopsy specimen that is negative for extracerebral source of lymphoma
* Measurable contrast-enhancing disease by MRI of the brain and spine (plus gadolinium) unless CSF cytology positive
* No evidence of pleural effusions or ascites

PATIENT CHARACTERISTICS:

Age

* Any age

Performance status

* ECOG 0-2

Life expectancy

* Not specified

Hematopoietic

* Absolute neutrophil count ≥ 1,500/mm\^3

Hepatic

* ALT and AST ≤ 2 times upper limit of normal
* Bilirubin ≤ 2 mg/dL

Renal

* Creatinine clearance ≥ 50 mL/min

Other

* Not pregnant or nursing
* Negative pregnancy test
* Fertile patients must use effective contraception during and for at least 6 months after study participation
* HIV negative

PRIOR CONCURRENT THERAPY:

Biologic therapy

* Not specified

Chemotherapy

* Not specified

Endocrine therapy

* Concurrent steroids for the management of symptoms related to lymphoma allowed

Radiotherapy

* No concurrent palliative radiotherapy

Surgery

* Not specified