Melphalan and Stem Cell Transplant Before Total-Body Irradiation and Donor Stem Cell Transplant in Treating Patients With Stage I-III Multiple Myeloma

In this study donor bone marrow transplantation is divided into a two step process to try to significantly reduce the side effects of the procedure yet still provide patients with multiple myeloma the benefits of this procedure

PRIMARY OBJECTIVES:

I. To evaluate engraftment of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) identical peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) allografts given after conditioning with total-body irradiation (TBI) (200 cGy) and post-grafting immunosuppression with cyclosporine (CSP)/mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) in myeloma patients initially cytoreduced with high-dose melphalan.

II. To evaluate non-relapse mortality at day 100 post allografting. III. To evaluate the efficacy of this allografting strategy in terms of long-term progression free survival (PFS).

OUTLINE:

CONDITIONING REGIMEN: Patients receive high-dose melphalan intravenously (IV) over 15-20 minutes on day -2.

TRANSPLANTATION: Patients undergo autologous bone marrow or PBSC transplantation (PBSCT) on day 0.

NON-MYELOABLATIVE CONDITIONING REGIMEN: Beginning 40-120 days after autologous transplant, patients undergo TBI on day 0.

TRANSPLANTATION: Patients undergo donor PBSCT on day 0.

IMMUNOSUPPRESSION: Patients receive cyclosporine IV twice daily (BID) on days -1 and 0 and orally (PO) BID on days 1-80 with taper based on evaluation of disease response and graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). Patients also receive mycophenolate mofetil PO BID on days 0-27.

POST-TRANSPLANTATION DONOR LYMPHOCYTE INFUSION (DLI): Beginning 4 weeks after immunosuppression, patients achieving persistent or progressive disease may undergo DLI over 30 minutes every 4 weeks for up to 3 treatments.

After completion of study treatment, patients are followed up for 3 years.

Eligibility Criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

* Meet Salmon and Durie criteria for initial diagnosis of multiple myeloma; transplant will be offered to patients with stage II or III multiple myeloma (MM) at diagnosis or have received chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy for progressive MM after initial diagnosis of stage I disease
* The patient must have the capacity to give informed consent
* Have received at least 4 cycles of conventional dose chemotherapy for MM
* DONOR: HLA genotypically identical sibling
* DONOR: Donor must consent to filgrastim (G-CSF) administration and leukapheresis for both peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) allograft and subsequent DLI
* DONOR: Donor must have adequate veins for leukapheresis or agree to placement of central venous catheter (femoral, subclavian)
* DONOR: Age \< 75, older donors may be considered after consultation by Psychological Consultation Center (PCC)

Exclusion Criteria:

* Karnofsky score less than 60, unless due solely to myeloma
* Left ventricular ejection fraction less than 40%
* Bilirubin greater than 2 X the upper limit of normal
* Serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT) and serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) \> 2 X the upper limit of normal
* Diffusion lung capacity of carbon monoxide (DLCO) \< 50% (corrected) or receiving continuous supplemental oxygen
* Patients with poorly controlled hypertension
* Pregnancy
* Seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus
* Fertile men or women unwilling to use contraceptive techniques during and for 12 months following treatment
* Creatinine clearance \< 40 cc/min at the time of initial autografting evaluation
* Prior autograft (can be treated on alternative protocol)
* DONOR: Identical twin
* DONOR: Age less than 12 years
* DONOR: Pregnancy
* DONOR: Infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
* DONOR: Inability to achieve adequate venous access
* DONOR: Known allergy to G-CSF
* DONOR: Current serious systemic illness
* DONOR: Failure to meet Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (FHCRC) criteria for stem cell donation as described in the standard practice guidelines of the institution