Does Positioning Effects on Early Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction in Laparoscopic Oncological Surgery

Laparoscopic surgery is an alternative to open surgical techniques for reasons such as less blood loss,less need for transfusion, shorter discharge time. In laparoscopic cases, various positions are given to patients, especially trendelenburg, in order to remove organs and see the area of the operation more easily. The Trendelenburg position causes cerebrovascular changes.Several studies have reported an increase in intracranial pressure (ICP)at the Trendelenburg position. There are also studies that show brain tissue oxygen saturation (SctO2) decreases in this position. Research has reported that cerebral perfusion pressure decreases if the position lasts longer.When pneumoperitonium is administered during laparoscopic surgery, cerebral blood flow may increase as a result of the increase in PaCO2.Brain tissue oxygen saturation depends on blood flow.There is also an inverse ratio between end tidal CO2. To prevent deterioration of cerebral function, methods are needed that determine the onset of desaturation and make early intervention possible.

The method,known as near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), offers a fixed non-invasive and safe method of determining cerebral desaturation.In addition, NIRS has the potential to improve patient outcomes, reduce postoperative complications and duration of post-anesthesia care.Changes in NIRS measurement values associated with position, especially today, are seen in cerebral perfusion in patients undergoing major surgery, oxygenation and postop have been associated with cognitive dysfunction in the process.Postoperative cognitive dysfunction is associated with increased mortality and therefore it is very important to identify factors that increase risk in order to take appropriate protective measures.Intracerebral ischemia and desaturation may be responsible for the development of POCD.

In this study, we aimed to observe NIRS changes due to Trendelenburg position and pneumoperitonium in patients undergoing laparoscopic major abdominal oncological surgery and to examine the effect of POCD on early stage.

In Saglık Bilimleri University, Ankara A.Y. Oncology Research and Trainnee Hospital, Anesthesiology and reanimation clinic,patients who are scheduled for elective laparoscopic major abdominal surgery after the approval of the Ethics Committee will be enrolled in the study. From the beginning of the study, successive patients were included in the study. Measurement values were taken and recorded using the NIRS device in our clinic throughout the case in patients 18 years of age and older. All patients were evaluated with MMSE in preoperative and postoperative period. According to power analysis using mean and standard deviation to determine the sample size of the patients to be taken in this process, at least 52 patients were planned to be included in the study.

After preoperative MMSE testing, ASA scores, comorbidities,demographic data, drugs used in anesthesia, vasopressor use, pneumoperitonium pressures and duration, angle and duration of trendelenburg position, and vital parameters were recorded with NIRS device in our clinic.

MMSE test was re-administered to all patients in the first week of postoperative period.

Patients with preoperative MMSE score (M0) 24/30 points and above; postoperative 7th day (M1) was re-evaluated and those with a fall of 4 points and more in M1 score than M0 score were assessed as POCD.

NIRS measurements were taken perioperative and their correlation with POCD was looked at.

Inclusion criteria;

* 18 years and older,
* preoperative 24 points and above on MMSE test(M0)
* Laparoscopic major abdominal oncological surgery planned patients who will receive general anesthesia.

Exclusion criteria;

* People with a history of cerebral ischemia or hemorrhage,
* Those with a history of neurodegenerative disease,
* Those with diagnosed carotid stenosis,
* Those with a score of 23 and below on the MMSE test,
* Those with a history of Carotid Endarterectomy,
* Patients who have undergone aneurysm surgery,
* Those who are addicted to alcohol,
* Those with psychiatric illness,
* Those who have undergone cervical surgery,
* Those with a history of transient ischemic attacks,

Eligibility Criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

* 18 years and above,
* 24 points and above on MMSE test,
* Laparoscopic major abdominal oncological surgery planned patients who will receive general anesthesia

Exclusion Criteria:

* People with a history of cerebral ischemia or hemorrhage,
* Those with a history of neurodegenerative disease,
* Those with diagnosed carotid stenosis,
* Those with a score of 23 and below on the MMSE test,
* Those with a history of Carotid Endarterectomy,
* Patients who have undergone aneurysm surgery,
* Those who are addicted to alcohol,
* Those with psychiatric illness,
* Those who have undergone cervical surgery,
* Those with a history of transient ischemic attacks,