Acute Intestinal Failure in Critically Ill Patients and Microbial Translocation

The hypothesis of the investigators is that patients with septic shock in ICU have acute intestinal insufficiency favoring subclinical microbial translocation, which is the consequence of alterations of the epithelium, and is accompanied by qualitative and quantitative changes in the gut microbiota.

The primary objective is to determine the incidence of microbial translocation by measuring 16S rDNA and 18S rDNA plasma levels in a patient population with septic shock.

Secondary objectives are:

* Describe the kinetics of markers of intestinal insufficiency (I-FABP / zonulin) over time (at admission, 12 hours after admission, one day, two day, three days and seven day after admission).
* Study the correlation between the titer of I-FABP, zonulin, 16srDNA, 18srDNA and the stages of acute gastrointestinal insufficiency (AGF).
* Establish correlations between the microorganisms of the intestinal microbiota and the bacteria involved in microbial translocation.
* Study the possible correlations between the 16SrDNA levels and the other bacterial markers (sCD14, LBP).
* Describe the evolution of the composition and the diversity of the gut microbiota in the first 7 days of septic shock

All eligible patients admitted for septic shock in resuscitation at Nimes will be included in the study, after verification of inclusion and non-inclusion criteria and with their agreement.

This is an observational study with no impact on the quality of care provided. All study data will be entered into an electronic CRF (e-CRF) directly or from the paper version of the scorecard.

The entry into the e-CRF is controlled and formatted to prohibit the input of out-of-bounds or outliers. In case of modification of data entry, traceability and monitoring of activities is ensured. An electronic signature committing the responsibility of the investigator of each center will allow the validation of the visit and the e-CRF.

Only those persons participating in the research project and identified will have access to the software allowing this entry: Redcap.

Redcap software that allows you to generate electronic CRFs (e-CRF), electronically capture data, manage it and restore it. It also makes it possible to follow the progress of studies in terms of data entry and to manage them. It is open source software that is extensible, modular and based on international standards.

Redcap software allows:

* Data entry, validation and annotation by clinicians and research associates
* Data extraction, filtering and analysis by investigators
* Study management by study coordinators
* Monitoring, auditing, configuration and reporting by administrators The electronic observation notebook creation software is hosted on a website within the CHU of Nîmes. Access to this application is secure and is via a password. Data collected through this software is backed up daily on a secure network. The network is connected to the internet, the access is protected by a firewall.

The clinical data of the study will be stored on a specific directory of the server. Only the network administrators and the authorized persons of the clinical research unit of the medical information department can have access to this directory.

IT arrangements made to enforce the confidentiality commitment

* The technical resources are located in the IT department whose access is controlled and secure.
* The data is stored on a server hosted in a secure room at the CHU Nîmes.

Eligibility Criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

* The patient or his / her representative has been informed about the implementation of the study, its objectives, its constraints, the rights of the patient and must have received the newsletter and no opposition of the study.
* The patient must be an affiliate or beneficiary of a health insurance plan.
* The patient is at least 18 years old.
* The patient has septic shock as defined by the 3rd International Conference for the definition of sepsis and septic shock

Exclusion Criteria:

* The patient is in an exclusion period determined by a previous study
* The patient is under guardianship, under guardianship, or under the protection of justice
* The patient has already participated in this study
* The patient or his / her representative refuses to participate in the study
* The patient is pregnant, parturient or is breastfeeding
* The patient is a minor
* The patient is in therapeutic limitation or moribund
* The patient has undergone or is going to have scheduled or emergency digestive surgery
* The patient is HIV-positive
* The patient has Child C cirrhosis
* The patient has progressive digestive neoplasia, digestive lymphoma, chronic inflammatory bowel disease (Crohn's disease ...).