Extended Cold Stored Apheresis Platelets in Cardiac Surgery Patients

This trial is being performed to evaluate the feasibility of the study protocol and to test the efficacy and safety of platelets stored at cold conditions (1-6°C) in 100% plasma for 10-14 days (CSP) in cardiac surgery patients who are actively bleeding and require platelet transfusion.

Cardiac surgery featuring cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) has a detrimental effect on platelet function. Contact with foreign surfaces causes a transient platelet dysfunction. The bleeding time is prolonged for the time on bypass and reverts to normal approximately one hour after cardiac surgery in uncomplicated cases. Hemorrhage following cardiac surgery with CPB can cause surgical re-exploration and increased mortality. The overall risk for surgical re-exploration is between 2.5-5%. Patients who undergo re-exploration due to excessive bleeding have a 2-6 fold increased mortality compared with non-bleeding patients. Storage of platelets at 1-6°C has the advantage of potentially prolonging storage times while reducing bacterial contamination. Room-temperature storage has led to a 5 day storage time limit since bacterial growth and septic reactions increase rapidly after 5-7 days. CSP were the standard of care in the 1960-70s. CSP were abandoned when a reduced platelet survival was observed in platelet radiolabeling studies. Nevertheless, CSP may have several advantages over RSP in the study population including a state of pre-activation and therefore a potentially superior hemostatic function. A small pilot trial investigating CSP in cardiac surgery patients in Norway found a non-significant trend towards improved bleeding control with CSP transfusions. However, data evaluating the in vivo efficacy of CSP is limited in scale and quality with mixed results. The investigators and others have shown that CSP have a superior function compared with RSP in vitro and more data are needed to clarify the relative efficacy of CSP in vivo. The investigators hypothesize that 1) CSP are more effective than RSP at reducing blood loss and improving platelet function in subjects actively bleeding due to cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), and that 2) CSP are safe and do not lead to increased risks relative to RSP.

Eligibility Criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

* 1. Subject age is greater than or equal to 18 years of age.
* 2. Subject can speak and read English.
* 3. Subject weight is greater than 40 kg.
* 4. Subject is scheduled for redo, triple valve, or complex aortic cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass.
* 5. Subject has ability to comprehend and willingness to sign Informed Consent Form (ICF).
* 6. If female of childbearing potential, must have a negative pregnancy test and agree to use one of the following methods of contraception during the course of study participation: abstinence, intrauterine contraception device, hormonal method, or barrier method.
* 7. Subject agrees to not participate in another interventional study during study participation.
* 8. The clinical site can obtain both possible platelet products (CSP and RSP) as needed per the study protocol given the subject's anticipated surgery date.

Exclusion Criteria:

* 1. Subject has history of known repeated, severe transfusion reactions.
* 2. Subject requires washed products, volume reduced products, or products with additive solution.
* 3. Subject is planned to receive autologous or directed transfusions.
* 4. Subject has or is expected to require post-surgical ventricular assist device (VAD), hemodialysis, or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) within 24 hours of the Study Treatment Window.
* 5. Subject is thrombocytopenic (less than 100 x 103 platelets/μL) on most recent measurement.
* 6. Subject is pregnant or breastfeeding.
* 7. Subject is a prisoner
* 8. Subject has active infection.
* 9. Subject refuses blood products.
* 10. Subject has a history of unprovoked deep vein thrombosis (DVT) or unprovoked pulmonary embolism (PE).
* 11. Subject has previously been enrolled and received a study platelet transfusion.
* 12. Subject has known bleeding diathesis (hemophilia, Von Willebrand Disease, or others)
* 13. At discretion of subject's physician, Sub-Investigator (SI), or Principle Investigator (PI).