A Open-label Study to Assess Response to COVID-19 Vaccine in Multiple Sclerosis Participants Treated With Ofatumumab

This study evaluated if relapsing multiple sclerosis (MS) participants treated with ofatumumab 20 mg subcutaneous (s.c.) administered once monthly could develop an adequate immune response to the COVID-19 mRNA vaccine compared to participants on an interferon or glatiramer acetate.

This was a six-cohort, multicenter, prospective study planned for up to 88 relapsing multiple sclerosis (MS) participants. The study was intended to address two questions: 1) Can participants treated with ofatumumab develop an immune response if receiving a COVID-19 mRNA vaccine two weeks prior to ofatumumab start? 2) If receiving COVID-19 mRNA vaccine after introduction of ofatumumab treatment, can participants develop an immune response? Cohort 1: participants received an mRNA COVID-19 vaccine at least two weeks prior to ofatumumab start. Cohort 2: participants received an mRNA COVID-19 vaccine at least four weeks after beginning ofatumumab. Cohort 3: participants on an interferon or glatiramer acetate who received COVID-19 mRNA vaccine. Cohort 4: participants fully vaccinated with an RNA COVID-19 vaccine at least four weeks after ofatumumab start. Cohort 5: participants vaccinated with an RNA COVID-19 vaccine, with or without a booster dose, and on interferon or glatiramer acetate. Cohort 6: participants fully vaccinated with an RNA COVID-19 vaccine who received a booster dose at least four weeks after ofatumumab start. Participants obtained the COVID-19 mRNA vaccine from their HCP (private insurance) or appropriate federal, state or local program.

Participants in Cohort 1 received loading doses of ofatumumab and subsequent dosing was 20 mg s.c. administered monthly. All other cohorts continued current dosing schedule of either ofatumumab, glatiramer acetate or interferon. Participation in trial was maximum of 421 days which was dependent on the Cohort.

Eligibility Criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

* Signed informed consent must be obtained prior to participation in the study
* Diagnosis of relapsing MS by 2017 revised McDonald criteria
* Were willing to comply with the study schedule
* Cohort 1: Were receiving an mRNA COVID-19 vaccine (Pfizer or Moderna vaccine) at least two weeks prior to starting ofatumumab
* Cohort 2: Were receiving an mRNA COVID-19 vaccine (Pfizer or Moderna vaccine) and on ofatumumab for at least 4 weeks
* Cohort 3: Were receiving an mRNA COVID-19 vaccine (Pfizer or Moderna vaccine) and on interferon or glatiramer acetate for at least 4 weeks
* Cohort 4: Fully vaccinated with a non-live COVID mRNA vaccine (Pfizer or Moderna vaccine) and on ofatumumab for at least 4 weeks
* Cohort 5: Fully vaccinated with a non-live COVID mRNA vaccine (Pfizer or Moderna vaccine), with or without a booster, and on interferon or glatiramer acetate for at least 4 weeks
* Cohort 6: Fully vaccinated with a non-live COVID mRNA vaccine, (Pfizer or Moderna vaccine), with a booster, and on ofatumumab for at least 4 weeks

Exclusion Criteria:

* Received the J\&J vaccine.
* Had a contraindication to receiving an mRNA COVID-19 vaccine
* Had an immediate allergic reaction to past vaccine or injection
* Experienced a major episode of infection requiring hospitalization or treatment with intravenous antibiotics within 2 weeks prior to the screening visit