Long Term Treatment Effect of the Safety, Tolerability and Efficacy of AAT in Type 1 Diabetes

At a previous study the investigators have assessed the safety and efficacy of treatment with AAT(Alpha 1 Antitrypsin)in newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes subjects aiming at beta cells preservation .

Since treatment with AAT is expected to be a chronic treatment; stopping treatment will probably result in eventual loss of the preserved beta-cell function. Indeed, other investigational drugs aiming at beta cells preservation have shown that patients who were initially treated and maintained their initial beta-cell function, required continuation of treatment or they lost the beta-cell function.

Therefore, in this extension study, patients who were previously treated with AAT and maintained clinically significant beta-cell function are offered a continuation of treatment, since they are likely to benefit from use of the medication.

The proposed study is aimed to assess the long term effect of AAT in subjects with type 1 diabetes mellitus: safety and tolerability of treatment, and effect on beta-cell function.

Subjects who have completed all visits of the 008 study will be offered to participate in the extension study.

The study will be consist off two main arms as following:

Arm 1: Subjects who maintained peak stimulated C-peptide secretion ≥ 0.2 nmol/L will continue treatment with AAT for up to 18 treatments according to the dosage group they were allocated to in the 008 study.

Arm 2:

Subjects who have not maintained peak stimulated C-peptide secretion ≥ 0.2nmol/L and subjects with peak stimulated C -peptide secretion ≥ 0.2 nmol/L who are reluctant to receive additional study drug.

Clinical follow up for all subjects in both arms will be for 3 years


Eligibility Criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

* Subject (or parent/guardian) willing and able to sign an informed consent
* Ability to comply with all study requirements.
* A patient that participated in Study 008 and received all doses of study medication, per protocol.
* Evidence of clinically significant residual beta-cell function demonstrated by MMTT peak stimulated C-peptide concentrations ≥ 0.20 nmol/L (Arm 1 only).
* Age 10-25 (inclusive) years
* If a female is of childbearing potential, the subject is not pregnant or lactating, and will use oral hormonal contraception or other equally effective contraceptive methods throughout the study.

Exclusion Criteria:

* IgA (immunoglobulin A ) deficient subjects.
* Individuals with a history of severe immediate hypersensitivity reactions, including anaphylaxis, to plasma products.
* History of life threatening allergy, anaphylactic reaction, or systemic response to human plasma derived products.
* The subject is receiving immunosuppressive or immunomodulating agents or cytotoxic therapy or any medication that in the opinion of the Investigator might interfere with the study.
* Clinically significant intercurrent illnesses, including (but not limited to): cardiac, hepatic, renal, neurological, hematological, neoplastic, immunological, skeletal or other) that in the opinion of the investigator, could interfere with the safety, compliance or other aspects of this study. Patients with well-controlled, chronic diseases could be possibly included after consultation with the treating physician.