Opioid Consumption and Disposal After Shoulder Arthroplasty

Opioid medications are widely used after many orthopedic procedures and are routinely prescribed after shoulder replacement surgery. Despite the high prevalence of opioid abuse and misuse, there is no standardized mechanism for patients to dispose of unused opioid medications safely and securely and the average number of opioid pills required after shoulder replacement surgery is still unknown. In a prior pilot study conducted by our group (IRB# 202012142), opioid consumption patterns of patients undergoing shoulder arthroplasty were analyzed, as well as their adherence to a safe and secure disposal mechanism for excess opioid pills. A 94% retention rate was achieved and preliminary results showed that most of the subjects were 60 years of age and older.

The objective of the current proposal is to: (1) develop pre-operative education materials related to post-operative opioid use following shoulder arthroplasty; (2) pilot the impact of this educational intervention; (3) examine the effect of providing disposal mechanisms for unused opioid pain medications following shoulder arthroplasty. The proposal is to conduct a single blinded randomized controlled trial of patients undergoing total shoulder replacement, both anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA) and reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA), and Hemiarthroplasty at UIHC. This randomized controlled trial will compare: (1) education plus opioid disposal to the standard of care (SC). The investigators hypothesize that pre-operative opioid education modules combined with a structured opioid disposal program will decrease opioid consumption following shoulder arthroplasty.

Patients will be identified as potential research subjects by one of the the two Shoulder Surgeons (BMP, JVN) during their visit to the Shoulder Surgery Clinic at University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, according to the indication of a shoulder arthroplasty.

During their preoperative work-up visit, patients will be invited to participate in the research study. The research coordinator will discuss the study with potential subjects in a private office or exam room. If the patient shows interest in participating, the research coordinator and the patient will go through the process of consent of participants.

After agreeing to participate and signing informed consent, participants will be randomized into one of the 2 study arms at their preoperative work-up visit.

Participants in Arm 1 (control group) will go through all procedures before and after their surgery as they usually do in standard of care practice, and all procedures will continue as scheduled. The standard of care practice of the Shoulder Surgery department at UIHC is that for patients that will undergo a surgical procedure NOT to receive any type of education on Opioid consumption, disposal or risks prior to the surgery.

Participants in Arm 2 (education + disposal), at their work-up visit, will receive a brochure, will watch an educational video, and will also receive an envelope in which they will be able to dispose their unused opioid pills. These envelopes will be the same ones used in the team's previous pilot study (IRB# 202012142). The disposal method consists of secured, labeled envelopes to dispose of the excess of Opioid medication. These envelopes will be provided by "Sharps Compliance, Inc.", a company that manages pharmaceutical waste disposal programs for healthcare facilities. Through their "TakeAway Medication Recovery System Envelope (USPS)" they allow the collection and disposal of controlled substances (Schedules II-IV) and non-controlled medications. Subjects will be explained how to use the envelope and that since it is labeled they will not have to pay for anything when using it. The brochure will address opioid risks, side effects, disposal and explain non-opioid pain management strategies. The educational video will consist of a short video to educate patients on the current opioid crisis, explain how to safely dispose of excess opioids and will teach them about drug-free pain management techniques.

All participants (Arm 1 and Arm2), after their surgery and after being discharged from the hospital, will receive daily text messages with a link to a REDCap survey. This texts will be delivered during the first 2 weeks following surgery. The survey will assess postoperative pain in the last 24 hours through Pain VAS, number of pills taken during the last 24 hours, number of pills disposed, method for disposal.

For participants who did not answer the daily survey and for the ones who are still taking opioids after 2 weeks following surgery, will be able to answer the survey at their postoperative appointment at Shoulder Surgery clinic (2-weeks postop or 6-weeks postop).

Patients in the education group will be emailed after their 6 week post-op visit to inquire as to their overall satisfaction with the education module and post-op buddy app/text program.

Disposal envelops will be tracked via tracking number just to confirm they were received by the disposal center (Sharps Compliance Inc.).

Eligibility Criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

* Patients seen at UIHC Shoulder Surgery Clinic that are indicated for primary total shoulder arthroplasty procedures.

Exclusion Criteria:

* revision shoulder arthroplasty
* arthroplasty for proximal humerus fractures
* patients with a history of chronic opioid consumption
* patients with contraindications for opioid consumption.