Safety of Single Doses of Peginesatide in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease

To evaluate the safety profile of single intravenous (IV) dose levels of peginesatide in participants with chronic kidney disease(CKD) not on dialysis.

This was a Phase 2a, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, sequential dose escalation study conducted at a single clinical center. The study was designed to evaluate up to 6 treatment cohorts of 9 participants with CKD not on dialysis in the first cohort and 5 participants in each subsequent cohort. In each treatment cohort, participants were randomly assigned to receive either a single dose of peginesatide (n=7 in the first cohort, n=4 in subsequent cohorts) or placebo (n=2 in the first cohort, n=1 in subsequent cohorts). Participants were followed for a minimum of 28 days.

Eligibility Criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

1. Participant is informed of the investigational nature of this study and has given written, witnessed informed consent in accordance with institutional, local, and national guidelines;
2. Males or females ≥ 18 and ≤ 75 years of age. Pre-menopausal females (with the exception of those who are surgically sterile) must have a negative pregnancy test at screening; those who are sexually active must practice an adequate form of contraception for at least 2 weeks prior to study start, and must be willing to continue contraception for at least 4 weeks after receiving study drug;
3. Chronic kidney disease stage 3 or 4 (glomerular filtration rate \[GFR\] of 15-60 milliliter per minute (mL/min) within 28 days prior to administration of study drug,) not requiring dialysis;
4. Two hemoglobin values of ≥ 9 grams per deciliter (g/dL) and ≤ 11 g/dL within 14 days prior to administration of study drug, with one of the values drawn within 7 days prior to administration of study drug;
5. One serum ferritin level ≥ 100 micrograms per liter (µg/L) and one transferrin saturation ≥ 20% within 28 days prior to administration of study drug;
6. One serum folate level above the lower limit of normal within 28 days prior to administration of study drug;
7. One vitamin B12 level above the lower limit of normal within 28 days prior to administration of study drug;
8. Weight ≥ 45 kg within 28 days prior to administration of study drug;
9. One white blood cell count ≥ 3.0 x 10\^9/L within 28 days prior to administration of study drug; and
10. One platelet count ≥ 140 x 10\^9/L and ≤ 500 x 10\^9/L within 28 days prior to administration of study drug.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Prior treatment with any erythropoiesis stimulating agent;
2. History of pure red cell aplasia;
3. Red blood cell transfusion within 3 months prior to study drug administration;
4. Hemoglobinopathy (e.g., homozygous sickle-cell disease, thalassemia of all types, etc.);
5. Hemolysis based on medical judgment;
6. Chronic, uncontrolled, or symptomatic inflammatory disease (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, etc.);
7. C Reactive Protein (CRP) greater than 30 mg/L within 14 days prior to administration of study drug;
8. Significant infection within 4 weeks prior to study drug administration, per Investigator's clinical judgment ;
9. Febrile illness within 7 days prior to administration of study drug;
10. Uncontrolled or symptomatic secondary hyperparathyroidism;
11. Poorly controlled hypertension within 4 weeks prior to study drug administration, per Investigator's clinical judgment (e.g. systolic ≥ 170mm Hg, diastolic ≥ 100 mm Hg on repeat readings);
12. Epileptic seizure in the 6 months prior to study drug administration;
13. Chronic congestive heart failure (New York Heart Association Class IV);
14. High likelihood of early withdrawal or interruption of the study (e.g., myocardial infarction, severe or unstable coronary artery disease, stroke, respiratory, autoimmune, neuropsychiatric, or neurological abnormalities, liver disease including active hepatitis B or C, active HIV disease, or any other clinically significant medical diseases or conditions within the past 6 months that may, in the Investigator's opinion, interfere with assessment or follow-up of the patient);
15. Malignancy (except non-melanoma skin cancer);
16. Life expectancy \< 12 months;
17. Anticipated elective surgery during the study period;
18. Previous exposure to any investigational agent within 4 months prior to administration of study drug or planned receipt during the study period.