Effect of Otago Exercise Program in Comparison With Dual Task Training on Balance and Postural Control in Elderly Population

Balance and postural control are major concerns in reduction of risk of fall among older adults. Otago Exercise Program and dual task training program are commonly used approaches to improve balance, functional mobility and postural control. However, limited studies have compared the efficacy of Otago Exercise Program and dual task training program in improving balance and functional mobility. One-third to one-half of the population over age 60 reports injuries due to fall because of the high incidence of balance and mobility disorders in older adults, interventions are necessary that optimize the performance of balance- and mobility-related activities among older adults. The aim of the current study to find out better intervention which will benefit the clinicians and physiotherapists in clinical decision making of managing the geriatric population, suffering fear of fall, going to effect on their daily livings, with evidence.

Objective of study:

* To determine the effect of Otago Exercise Program in comparison with Dual task training on balance in elderly population.
* To determine the effect of Otago Exercise Program in comparison with Dual task training on functional mobility in elderly population.
* To determine the effect of Otago Exercise Program in comparison with Dual task training on postural control in elderly population.
* To determine the effect of Otago Exercise Program in comparison with Dual task training on reduction the fear of fall in elderly population. Significance of study
* The study will be going to highlight whether healthy older adults who perform Otago exercise program would show significant improvement on balance and postural control in comparison with dual task training program.
* Through this research medical professionals may identify the best treatment protocol in reduction of fear of fall among older adults.
* This study will helpful for the physiotherapists in clinical decision making of managing the geriatric population, suffering fear of fall, going to effect on their daily livings, with evidence.
* It will provide research data for further study and fill the research gap. Alternate hypothsis
* There will be statistically significant difference between Otago Exercise Program in comparison with Dual task training on balance in elderly population. (p\<0.05)
* There will be statistically significant difference between Otago Exercise Program in comparison with Dual task training on postural control in elderly population. (p\<0.05).
* There will be statistically significant difference between Otago Exercise Program in comparison with Dual task training on fear of fall in elderly population. (p\<0.05)
* There will be statistically significant difference between Otago Exercise Program in comparison with Dual task training on functional mobility in elderly population (p\<0.05).

Null hupothesis

* There will be no statistically significant difference between Otago Exercise Program in comparison with Dual task training on balance in elderly population. (p\>0.05)
* There will be no statistically significant difference between Otago Exercise Program in comparison with Dual task training on postural control in elderly population. (p\>0.05)
* There will be no statistically significant difference between Otago Exercise Program in comparison with Dual task training on fear of fall in elderly population. (p\>0.05)
* There will be no statistically significant difference between Otago Exercise Program in comparison with Dual task training on functional mobility in elderly population. (p\>0.05)

Eligibility Criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

* Age ≥ 60 years
* both male and female,
* Older adults who are functionally independent,
* Can walk independently or with assistive devices will be considered typical healthy,
* Can sit to stand with or without support,
* Mini-mental status examination ≥ 24.

Exclusion Criteria:

* history of fracture especially in the lower limb,
* major cognitive issues (e.g. Alzheimer's disease, dementia),
* major orthopedic problems (e.g. lower limb fractures, amputation),
* neurological disease (e.g. stroke, Parkinson disease) or any other comorbidities that restrict mobility
* marked impairment of visual and vestibular function.