Effects Of Quadratus Lumborum Release on Respiratory Outcomes on Low Back Pain Patients

The aim of this research is to check the effects of Quadratus Lumborum (QL) release on respiratory function and pain levels in individuals with chronic low back pain. Randomized controlled trials done at Pakistan Railway General Hospital, Rawalpindi and Rawal General \& Dental Hospital Islamabad. The sample size was 36. The subjects were divided into two groups, 18 subjects in the experimental group will receive muscle energy technique on quadratus lumborum along with conventional intervention for LBP and 18 in control group will only receive conventional intervention exercises for LBP. Study duration was of 6 months. Sampling technique applied was non probability connivance sampling technique. Only 30-60 years both males and females diagnosed with mechanical low back pain persist at least \>3 months. Tools used in the study of Numeric Pain rating scale (Pain assessment). Modified Oswestry Disability Index (m-ODI) (for ADLs in CLBP). Inclinometer (for ranges of lumber spine). Digital spirometer (for FEV1/FVC ratio). Inches Tap (For Chest Expansion) \& (For Quadratus lumborum length test). Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS).

The aim of this research is to check the effects of Quadratus Lumborum (QL) release on respiratory function and pain levels in individuals with chronic low back pain. Randomized controlled trials done at Pakistan Railway General Hospital, Rawalpindi and Rawal General \& Dental Hospital Islamabad. The sample size was 36. The subjects were divided into two groups, 18 subjects in the experimental group will receive muscle energy technique on quadratus lumborum along with conventional intervention for LBP and 18 in control group will only receive conventional intervention exercises for LBP. Study duration was of 6 months. Sampling technique applied was non probability connivance sampling technique. Only 30-60 years both males and females diagnosed with mechanical low back pain persist at least \>3 months. Tools used in the study of Numeric Pain rating scale (Pain assessment). Modified Oswestry Disability Index (m-ODI) (for ADLs in CLBP). Inclinometer (for ranges of lumber spine). Digital spirometer (for FEV1/FVC ratio). Inches Tap (For Chest Expansion) \& (For Quadratus lumborum length test). Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS).

Eligibility Criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

1. Age 30-60 years.
2. Both Genders: Male and Female.
3. Diagnosed with mechanical low back pain persist at least \>3 months.
4. Self-evaluation of the breathing questionnaire, SEBQ \>11.
5. The patient exhibits decreased pulmonary functional volumes compared to the normal values, which include FEV, FVC,FEV₁/FVC
6. The Quadratus Lumborum length test in side-lying inches indicates QL shortening.
7. Patient with either unilateral or bilateral Quadratus lumborum tightness but intervention will be given on both sides.
8. Numeric Pain Rating \> 3/10.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Diagnosed chronic respiratory disease (e.g., asthma, COPD, bronchitis).
2. Diagnosed non-mechanical low back pain (e.g., ankylosing spondylitis, tumors).
3. Diagnosed lumbar spine surgery within the last 12 months.
4. Diagnosed significant neurological deficits.
5. Spinal injuries or other comorbidities.
6. Infection, trauma, pregnancy, fracture, or fall.
7. Unable to understand and follow the commands.
8. Unwillingness to comply with the follow-up schedule.