Relation of Implantation Site to Placental Site in Presence or Absence of Cesarean Section Scar

After gaining verbal consent , Patients included in this study will be subjected to:

1. history taking :

   * peronal history .
   * obstetric history.
   * past history
2. general examination including vital signs
3. abominal and pelvic examination
4. the patient will be examined son graphically at 3 visits

   1. The first visit at less than 10 weeks gestation :trans vaginal ultrasound with partially filled bladder to nullify effect of anteversion of the uterus for assessment of---the site of the intrauterine gestational sac in relation to the endometrial cavity . For the purposes of this study and to obtain consistent findings, it was decided to have only five subgroups of gestational site implantation in relation to the endometrial cavity (Fig. 2):

      1. anterior,
      2. posterior,
      3. Fundal,
      4. low-lying anterior,\\
      5. low lying posterior We adopted the definition of implantation site from previous publication (Abdallah et al., 2012). The implantation site is visualized in the sagittal plane as a hyperechoic ring that occupies one side of the implanted gestational sac and protrudes into the endometrial lumen It represents the maternal decidual reaction and the beginning of maternal-fetal circulation. This area is also believed to be responsible for future placental formation and development (Brosens and Gellersen, 2010) Distance between the implantation site and the internal cervical ostium (os). This was taken from the lower end of the hyperechoic trophoblast ring of the gestational sac to the internal cervical os in the sagittal plane.

         * doppler assessment of the retro chorionic blood flow in the area behind the maximum chorionic tissue to detect sensitivity index (RI),in cases of low gestational sac Doppler assessment of peri trophoplastic blood flow will be assessed.
   2. then the patient will be enrolled during routine ANC till delivery and data collected at32-34 weeks gestation regarding placental site will be correlated with 1st data and data at delivery

After gaining verbal consent , Patients included in this study will be subjected to:

1. history taking :

   * peronal history .
   * obstetric history.
   * past history
2. general examination including vital signs
3. abominal and pelvic examination
4. the patient will be examined son graphically at 3 visits

   1. The first visit at less than 10 weeks gestation :trans vaginal ultrasound with partially filled bladder to nullify effect of anteversion of the uterus for assessment of---the site of the intrauterine gestational sac in relation to the endometrial cavity . For the purposes of this study and to obtain consistent findings, it was decided to have only five subgroups of gestational site implantation in relation to the endometrial cavity (Fig. 2):

      1. anterior,
      2. posterior,
      3. Fundal,
      4. low-lying anterior,\\
      5. low lying posterior

      We adopted the definition of implantation site from previous publication (Abdallah et al., 2012). The implantation site is visualized in the sagittal plane as a hyperechoic ring that occupies one side of the implanted gestational sac and protrudes into the endometrial lumen It represents the maternal decidual reaction and the beginning of maternal-fetal circulation. This area is also believed to be responsible for future placental formation and development (Brosens and Gellersen, 2010) Distance between the implantation site and the internal cervical ostium (os). This was taken from the lower end of the hyperechoic trophoblast ring of the gestational sac to the internal cervical os in the sagittal plane.

      -----doppler assessment of the retro chorionic blood flow in the area behind the maximum chorionic tissue to detect sensitivity index (RI),in cases of low gestational sac Doppler assessment of peri trophoplastic blood flow will be assessed.
   2. then the patient will be enrolled during routine ANC till delivery and data collected at32-34 weeks gestation regarding placental site will be correlated with 1st data and data at delivery

Eligibility Criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

* singleton intrauterine pregnancy.
* gestational age less than 10 weeks
* history of previous cesarean section(one or more)

Exclusion Criteria:

* negative fetal pole pulsation.
* any condition distorting uterine cavity i.e uterine myoma,uterine cavity anomalies
* multifetal pregnancy.
* any condition necessitate termination of early pregnancy i.e maternal medical disorder ,molar pregnancy.