Study on Delayed Graft Function Using Paired Kidneys

The study is designed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of an intravenously administered drug in recipients of kidneys from cardiac death donors who are risk for developing delayed graft function.

Renal transplantation is the most effective and cost-efficient form of renal replacement therapy for a burgeoning population that presents with end-stage renal disease. Although organ donation has become a national priority, the gap between the number of patients awaiting a kidney versus the number of available kidneys continues to widen exponentially. In many countries within the European Union, utilization of "donation after cardiac death" (DCD) kidneys is steadily increasing, expanding the donor pool by \> 50%. Given the high incidence of cardiac deaths in the US, aggressive pursuit of the DCD kidney pool could potentially reduce waitlist periods to months, if not days. Risk for delayed graft function (DGF) with the attendant risks for increased recipient morbidity, chronic allograft nephropathy and increased medical costs has however tempered DCD kidney utilization in this country. Development of strategies that limit normothermic reperfusion injury, promote renal repair, reduce the incidence and/or duration of DGF and improve long-term outcome can greatly enhance acceptance and recruitment of DCD kidneys. The study is designed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of an intravenously administered drug in recipients of kidneys from DCD donors who are risk for developing DGF. This trial is unique in that it compares drug versus placebo outcome in kidney recipients from the same donor with direct evaluation of function (creatinine clearance) in the graft.

Eligibility Criteria:
Inclusion Criteria

1. Subjects must sign the informed consent document prior to performance of any study related procedure including the Screening procedure.
2. Males and females ≥ 18 years of age.
3. Had renal transplantation due to end stage disease requiring chronic dialysis.
4. Study drug can be administered within 6 to 36 hours after transplantation.
5. Received kidney from donor after cardiac death.
6. DCD kidney fulfills the clinical site's criteria for transplantation.
7. Creatinine clearance from the transplanted kidney over a 2-hour collection period is \<10 mL/min, OR no urine output OR average urine output of \< 50 cc/H over 8 or more consecutive hours,, OR normal urine output following transplantation that diminished to average of \< 50 cc/H over 8 or more consecutive hours, OR Creatinine reduction ratio 24 hours after transplantation to pre-transplantation is \< 30%.
8. Dry weight ≤ 100 kg.
9. Women of child bearing potential have a negative pregnancy test prior to transplantation.
10. Women of child bearing potential (including perimenopausal women who have had a menstrual period within 1 year) must agree to use 2 forms of effective birth control regimen (at least one-barrier method) during the 28-day study period. Men must agree to use condoms during the study period; a condom with spermicide is considered a single barrier.
11. In the opinion of the Investigator, the subject is capable of understanding and complying with the protocol.

Exclusion Criteria

1. Mean arterial pressure \<40 mmHg or cardiac index \<1.8 L/min/m2.
2. Recipient of multiple organ transplantation or scheduled for multiple organ transplantation.
3. Recipient of kidney from a pediatric donor age 10 years or less.
4. Recipient age \> 75 years.
5. Patients with ASA 4 or 5
6. Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) GOLD IV
7. Has measurable donor-specific antibody or positive cross-match requiring deviation from standard immunosuppressive therapy.
8. Currently participating in or has participated in an investigational drug or medical device study within 30 days or five half-lives, whichever is longer, prior to enrolment into this study.
9. Concurrent sepsis or active bacterial infection.
10. Have an active malignancy or history of solid, metastatic or hematologic malignancy with the exception of basal or squamous cell carcinoma of the skin that has been removed.
11. Women of child bearing potential who is breast feeding.
12. History of positive HIV test.
13. History of rheumatoid arthritis.
14. History of proliferative retinopathy or laser surgery for retinopathy.
15. Subjects who have a penicillin allergy.
16. Subjects who require the cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2) inhibitors, or are receiving ciprofloxacin and fluvoxamine (Luvox®).
17. Subject is unwilling or unable to comply with the protocol or to cooperate fully with the Investigator or the site personnel.
18. Subject is not deemed medically stable for the study in the opinion of the Investigator or the subject's primary nephrologist.