The Effect of Accompaniment by Older Adults on Anesthetic Recovery

Summary:

In 2022, Mexico estimated a population of 17,958,707 older adults. With increased life expectancy, it is essential to seek strategies that improve the health of this population, as they are more vulnerable compared to other age groups due to functional and cognitive decline, along with an increase in chronic diseases and medication intake. During this stage of life, there is a possibility of requiring surgical treatment, which is the focus of this protocol proposing a maneuver that impacts patients' health without requiring economic costs. The proposal suggests the accompaniment of older adults by a family member during the immediate post-anesthetic period. Hypothesis: Accompaniment of older adults during the immediate postoperative period improves the quality of anesthetic recovery by 60%. This value is based on a study by Shem, where accompanying older adults prior to anesthetic induction resulted in a 61% reduction in anxiety among older adults. Anesthesiologists have expanded their role in perioperative medicine alongside geriatric medicine services for older surgical patients.

An experimental study will be conducted with two randomly divided groups: one group with accompaniment and one group without accompaniment in the recovery area. Both groups will be assessed using different questionnaires: 1. Pfeiffer Test for cognitive impairment diagnosis, 2. QoR-15 to assess the quality of anesthetic recovery, 3. Beck Anxiety Questionnaire, all of which will be administered 24 hours after surgery. Delirium will also be assessed using NuDESC at 24 hours, day 5, and 30 days after surgery. General data prior to surgery will be recorded, and vital signs such as heart rate, blood pressure, and pain on a verbal scale from 0 to 10 will be monitored during the postoperative period.

Statistical analysis will involve representing baseline characteristics of the population using mean and standard deviation or median and interquartile range, depending on the distribution type. X2 will be used to compare both groups in terms of outcomes. Finally, a multivariate analysis will be conducted using logistic regression to adjust for confounding variables.

Justification:

Due to the increase in life expectancy and the growing number of older adults worldwide and in our country, it is important to search for and implement feasible and cost-free measures to improve the quality of medical care, specifically in surgical treatments that impact the reduction of complications, shorten recovery time, and indirectly improve the quality of life for these patients.

Feasibility and relevance:

* The research question aims to improve the quality of medical care for older adults with a humanistic approach.
* In a group of people that will continue to grow, with a longer life expectancy, they will require surgical treatments.
* There are no articles evaluating the quality of anesthetic recovery or its impact on their health with accompaniment.
* Approximately 222 surgeries are performed in this population every month, making it a frequent occurrence.
* It is a measure that does not incur any cost.
* It can be applied in any hospital setting.

Problem statement:

The increase in life expectancy worldwide has led to a larger population of older adults, and Mexico is no exception. Therefore, it is important to establish measures that improve the quality of medical care and reduce complications in this age group, using measures that do not incur any economic costs. Specifically, in the perioperative period, proposing the accompaniment of older adults in the anesthetic recovery area.

Research question:

Does the accompaniment of older adults improve the quality of anesthetic recovery with a score higher than 122 on the QoR15 (quality of recovery - 15) scale?

Hypotheses:

Null hypothesis:

The accompaniment of older adults in the immediate postoperative period does not improve the quality of anesthetic recovery with a score lower than 121 on the QoR15 scale.

Alternative hypothesis:

The accompaniment of older adults in the immediate postoperative period improves the quality of anesthetic recovery with a score higher than 122 on the QoR15 scale.

Overall objective:

- Determine if the accompaniment of older adults improves the quality of anesthetic recovery, classified as good or excellent according to the QoR15 scale with a score of 122 to 150.

Specific objectives:

* Determine the incidence of anxiety in older adults in the anesthetic recovery area, considering anxiety with a score higher than 22 on the Beck scale.
* Determine the presence or absence of delirium in older adults in the perioperative period.
* Assess if the accompaniment of older adults reduces the length of stay in the anesthetic recovery area, aiming for a stay of no more than 60 minutes.

Eligibility Criteria:
Inclusion Criteria: Scheduled for elective surgery under balanced anesthesia with a hospital stay not exceeding 48 hours.

* ASA (American society of anesthesiologist) I y II
* Education level Hight school or higher

Exclusion Criteria:

* History of diseasses associated with dementia
* Emergency surgery.
* Regional anesthesia or sedation
* Moderate to severe cognitive impairment
* History of smoking or drugs
* Surgerios with risk of major bleeding more or equal 1000ml
* Hip or long bone surgeries