Predictive Models for the Treatment of Recurrent Herpes Zoster Neuralgia Following Spinal Cord Electrical Stimulation.

Shingles is a neuropathic disease caused by varicella-herpes virus(VZV) invading nerves and accompanying pain.Currently, the treatment of postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) includes medication and minimally invasive interventional therapy.In patients with herpes zoster neuralgia treated with spinal cord stimulation (SCS), some patients have satisfactory pain relief after surgery, but some patients have pain symptoms again some time after surgery. The reason for this difference in treatment effect is not clear.

Shingles is a neuropathic disease caused by varicella-herpes virus(VZV) invading nerves and accompanying pain. About 3\~5/1000 people suffer from shingles every year in the world, and 2.9\~5.8/1000 people over the age of 50 in China suffer from shingles every year, with an annual growth rate of 2.5\~5.0%. If acute herpes zoster can not be treated effectively, it will be transformed into postherpetic neuralgia (PHN), patients will suffer long-term knife, needle, burning pain as well as hyperalgesia, touch induced pain and skin paresthesia, which seriously affect the daily life of patients. It also causes a huge social and economic burden.Currently, the treatment of postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) includes medication and minimally invasive interventional therapy. The European Neurological Association has proposed guidelines for first - and second-line drug treatment of herpes zoster neuralgia with level A evidence. At the same time, some patients are relieved by interventional therapy, such as injection therapy (local injection, peripheral nerve block, stellar ganglion block), nerve stimulation therapy (percutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, peripheral nerve stimulation, pulsed radiofrequency), spinal cord stimulation (SCS), and spinal dorsal horn ganglion destruction.

In 1976, spinal cord stimulation (SCS) was first used to treat patients with nociceptive pain. It is to place the stimulation electrode around the diseased nerve for a certain time, frequency, and voltage adjustment, so as to relieve pain. At present, spinal cord stimulation (SCS) has been widely used and studied in the treatment of postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) at home and abroad, and its mechanism of action may be related to the "gate control theory of pain" : in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord, α fiber can inhibit the pain signal transmitted by C fiber, and spinal cord stimulation (SCS) may regulate the transmission of pain signal through this mechanism. At the same time, spinal cord stimulation (SCS) can also affect the levels of gamma-aminobutyric acid and adenosine in the dorsal horn, thereby reducing neuropathic pain.In patients with herpes zoster neuralgia treated with spinal cord stimulation (SCS), some patients have satisfactory pain relief after surgery, but some patients have pain symptoms again some time after surgery. The reason for this difference in treatment effect is not clear. Therefore, this study intends to retrospectively analyze the clinical data of patients with and the risk factors for recurrence after treatment, and then construct a prognostic prediction model to provide evidence and reference for clinical treatment of postherpetic neuralgia (PHN).

Eligibility Criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

* Age ≥18 years old.
* NRS score ≥4 points.
* The pain NRS of previous shingles area treated with SCS was ≤3, and the pain NRS was \> 4 after recurrence.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Serious cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, such as heart failure, intracranial aneurysm, hypertension (high risk, very high risk).
* Epilepsy, suffering from mental illness.
* And patients who were lost to follow-up.