The Effect of Music Therapy as an Adjuvant in the Vital Signs of the Neonate

The admission of a newborn to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) represents a potentially harmful sound environment coupled with multiple stressful events. However, a strategy such as music therapy (delivered by a trained music therapist) appears to be a non-invasive, safe, and cost-effective alternative that assists newborns in their physiological self-regulation with a beneficial effect on stabilizing neonatal vital signs, so it can be used as a complementary strategy to medical management. The aim of this study is to determine the effect of live and pre-recorded music therapy on vital sign variables in newborns older than 32 weeks hospitalized in the neonatal intensive care unit of a high-complexity health institution in Colombia.

A parallel, controlled randomized clinical trial will be conducted.

Study Population: Newborns older than 32 weeks gestational age at birth hospitalized in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of a high-complexity health institution who meet the inclusion criteria.

Outcomes: Heart rate will be primary outcome. Respiratory rate and oxygen saturation will be secondary outcomes. The patient monitor will be utilized to measure the heart rate, respiratory rate, and oxygen saturation.

Standardization of measurements:

First, the trademarks of the medical equipment manufacturers of each of the tools that will be used (vital sign monitor and pulse oximeter) will be verified to ensure that they correspond to the same commercial brand. Since different brands may exhibit variability in standard calibration measurements within the critical range, it is important to verify that the tools are of the same brand. Secondly, it will be verified that each medical tool used has been calibrated within the previous six months, with the date of the last calibration recorded so that the device can be used during the study. Subsequently, the professional in charge of the music company will verify that the guitar to be used during the live music is in tune and suitable for use. A decibel regulator will be employed during the implementation of both pre-recorded and live music, adjusting the volume of the emitted sound. This will ensure that the decibels emitted by each research subject remain within the permitted range of 70 decibel (dB). Vital variables will be recorded at minute 0, from minute 0 to minute 10 continuously, and at 30 minutes after the intervention.

Eligibility Criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

* Newborns with gestational age at birth greater than or equal to 32 weeks.
* Birth weight greater than or equal to 1500 grams.
* Be at least 72 hours of postnatal age.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Respiratory disturbances in the last 48 hours such as: Apnea or Brief Resolved Unexplained Events (BRUE), need for invasive mechanical ventilation
* Hemodynamic alterations in the last 48 hours such as: Hypotension (systolic, diastolic, or mean BP \< P5) or hypertension (systolic, diastolic, or mean BP \> P95), bradycardia (HR \< 100/min), shock of any etiology, requirement for volume expanders, infusion of inotropics, vasodilators and/or prostaglandin E1.
* Neurological alterations such as: Perinatal asphyxia at birth manifested by the need for resuscitation, APGAR \< 3 at 5 minutes and/or ≤ 5 at 10 minutes, and metabolic acidosis in cord gases with a potential of hydrogen (pH) \< 7 and base excess (BE) \< -12, hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, seizure syndrome for up to 48 hours after the last clinical event or alteration of the brain pattern, interventricular hemorrhage in preterm infants in the first week of diagnosis.
* Management with Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) and/or nitric oxide
* Temperature less than 36.5 C or greater than 37.5 C.
* Patient under pharmacological sedation or use of beta-blockers.
* Congenital heart disease, operated on or not.
* Congenital malformations
* Surgical emergencies or recovery from a surgical procedure performed within the last 48 hours.