Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation for Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis in Sweden

This is an observational cohort study with retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data. The study cohort is constituted of all patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) treated with autologous stem cell transplantation (AHSCT) in Sweden from 2004 when the first AHSCT was performed until 31 December 2019. The study aims to describe the effectiveness, safety and patient reported outcomes of AHSCT for MS through real world data. Treatment related mortality will be analyzed from start of mobilization until the end of the study. For other adverse events the data collection will end 3 months post-transplantation. A statistical subgroup comparison of efficacy and safety between the conditioning regimens BEAM-ATG and Cy-ATG will be included within the study.

All individuals with a diagnosis of MS, who was treated with AHSCT in Sweden until 31 December 2019 can be included in this study. Patients will be identified through the European Bone and Marrow Transplantation register (EBMT) and the Swedish MS register (SMSreg).

Baseline data will be collected from the SMSreg. Data concerning AHSCT will be collected from local repositories of the EBMT and supplemented by data obtained by reviewing of medical records. This includes data such as doses and names of drugs used for mobilization and conditioning, dates for administration of these drugs, date of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, date of hematological milestones, occurrence and grading of adverse events during the first three months after the intervention.

Data on clinical outcome after the first three months of the intervention will be collected from SMSreg. Data on vital status will be collected from medical records at the end of study. Any recorded deaths will be analyzed through the medical records to determine if it was treatment-related.

The endpoints will be analysed and described for the whole study cohort. A subgroup analysis comparing the outcome of patients treated with different conditioning regimens (e.g. BEAM-ATG and Cy-ATG) will be included in this study.

Eligibility Criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

* Diagnosis of multiple sclerosis according to the revised McDonald criteria 2017.
* Autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation performed for treating multiple sclerosis at a Swedish transplantation center until December 31st 2019.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Diagnosis of primary progressive MS or secondary progressive MS according to Lublin et al at the time of transplantation.
* Patient not accepted reporting of data to the EBMT register.
* Not fulfilling requirements of the minimal dataset, se below.

Definition of minimal dataset

* Data on disease course of multiple sclerosis at the time of transplantation.
* Transplantation and the following in-patient care performed in Sweden.
* Date of transplantation.
* Data on drugs used in conditioning.
* At least one follow-up visit performed in Sweden (unless early death before first follow-up visit) including data on:

  * Clinical assessment
  * The Kurtzke Expanded Disability Status Scores (EDSS)

Additional note: For a patient to be included in the analysis of treatment effectiveness data on MRI evaluation is needed at least once during follow-up.