Bilateral External Torque CT, a Novel Diagnostic Tool for Detection of Syndesmotic Insufficiency

Study population: the investigator set them sample size to 30 patients.

Primary endpoint (concerning both study questions): is the applied torque measurement in Newton meters (maximum up to 7.5 Nm) up to the pain tolerance limit. For the chronic injuries, a minimum of 5 Nm should be achieved. If this is not possible due to pain, an intra-articular infiltration into the upper ankle joint with 5ml Ropivacaine 2% is performed under sterile conditions.

In addition, fibula translation while exercising the maximum tolerated External Torque CT (maximum up to 7.5 Nm).

Secondary endpoint (1st study question): the comparison to stress fluoroscopy without anesthesia and under anesthesia.

Secondary endpoint (2nd study question): the comparison of patients with and without symptoms. Secondary endpoint in patients who received intra-articular infiltration is the increase in tolerated Newton meters.

Isolated injuries to the distal tibiofibular syndesmosis affect approximately 1-17% of all ankle sprains and up to 30% in "high impact" sports. If the injury is missed, chronic syndesmosis instability can lead to prolonged convalescence, pain, and osteoarthritis of the upper ankle. Therefore, early diagnosis is essential for safe and effective treatment.

The diagnosis of syndesmosis insufficiency presents a certain dilemma in foot surgery. Already the differentiation between a simple fibular ligament lesion (low ankle sprain) and a syndesmosis injury (high ankle sprain) is often clinically difficult and only suggests a syndesmosis injury but does not confirm it.

The investigators have developed an external torque device that allows bilateral stressing of the syndesmosis by external rotation. In this case, both lower legs are stabilized by a special knee brace (fibula remains free floating) or by the hip joints, which are end rotated on both sides, while an external rotation force of maximum 7.5Nm (respectively up to the respective pain limit) can be set on both sides by means of torque newton meters. A CT can then be performed under external rotation stress.

In two previous studies (cadaver study and study on healthy subjects) the investigators have seen on the one hand that bilateral external torque CT is able to reliably detect syndesmosis instabilities and on the other hand that in healthy subjects the two ankle joints are comparable.

Based on these results the investigators want to address the following further questions:

1. can "Bilateral External Torque CT" be reliably applied in patients with acute syndesmosis rupture?
2. how stable does a syndesmosis have to be after an injury?

Eligibility Criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

* Written informed consent
* Patient age of ≥18 yr and ≤75 yr.
* Proven acute (\<4 weeks) syndesmosis injury (anterior and posterior) on MRI.
* Proven chronic (\>2 months) syndesmosis injury (anterior and posterior) on MRI with/without surgical stabilization performed.
* Healthy opposite side

Exclusion Criteria:

* A dependency between patient sponsor and/or project management
* Pregnancy (contraindication for CT): in women of childbearing age, a pregnancy test is performed in any case
* St.n. previous operation(s) of the affected lower extremity (specifically of the ankle joint).
* Severe deformities (osteoarthritis with limited function upper and lower ankle joint, metatarsophalangeal joint).