Response to Pembrolizumab in Metastatic Melanoma: Computed Tomography Texture Analysis as a Predictive Biomarker

Studies have shown that the study drug, pembrolizumab, works by helping the immune system. In this way, pembrolizumab may help to slow the growth of melanoma or may cause cancer cells to die. Compared to standard treatments, pembrolizumab seems to lengthen the time patients lived overall and the time without their cancer getting worse.

The main purpose of this study is to find out if a type of CT (computed topography) scan can help to know if pembrolizumab is working. This CT scan (called Texture Analysis) looks at the tumour in fine detail. The use of this type of CT scan has not been studied in patients with metastatic melanoma. Investigators want to see if this CT scan will show if some patients being treated with pembrolizumab respond better than others.

One of the other purposes is to compare the costs within this trial to costs of the standard of care.

Eligibility Criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

* Histologically confirmed melanoma that is recurrent/metastatic and not amenable to potentially curative surgery.
* Presence of clinically and/or radiologically documented disease based on RECIST 1.1. At least one site of disease must be unidimensionally measurable by contrast-enhanced CT scan as follows:

CT scan (with slice thickness of ≤ 5 mm) ≥ 10 mm --\> longest diameter Lymph nodes by CT scan ≥ 15 mm --\> measured in short axis

* Age ≥ 18 years.
* ECOG Performance Status of 0 to 1.
* Previous Therapy

Surgery:

Previous surgery is permitted provided that it has been at least 21 days prior to patient registration and that wound healing has occurred.

Systemic Therapy:

Patients may not have received any prior systemic therapy for metastatic melanoma.

Radiation:

Palliative radiation is permitted provided \> 7 days has elapsed between last dose and enrollment on the trial.

* Laboratory Requirements Absolute neutrophils ≥ 1.5 x 10\^9/L Platelets ≥ 100 x 10\^9/L Hemoglobin ≥ 90 g/L or ≥ 5.6 mmol/L (without transfusion or EPO dependency) Serum creatinine or measured or calculated creatinine: ≤1.5 x ULN or ≥ 60 mL/min for subject with creatinine clearance levels \> 1.5 x ULN Serum Total Bilirubin ≤ 1.5 x ULN or Direct bilirubin ≤ ULN for subjects with total bilirubin levels \> 1.5 x ULN AST and ALT ≤ 2.5 x ULN (≤ 5 x ULN for subjects with liver mets) Albumin ≥ 25 g/L
* Women/men of childbearing potential must have agreed to use a highly effective contraceptive method.
* Women of childbearing potential will have a serum or urine pregnancy test within 7 days prior to registration to determine eligibility.
* Patient consent must be obtained according to local Institutional and/or University Human Experimental Committee requirements.
* Patients must be accessible for treatment and follow up. Patients registered on this trial must be treated and followed at the participating centre.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Patients who have received prior systemic treatment for metastatic melanoma.
* Patients with known history of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) (HIV 1/2 antibodies).
* Patients with a known history of or known positive for Hepatitis B (HBsAg reactive) or Hepatitis C (HCV RNA \[qualitative\] is detected). Patients with unknown history of Hepatitis B virus (HBV) or Hepatitis C virus (HCV) will require screening.
* Patients with previously treated brain metastases may participate provided they are stable with no evidence of enlargement following radiation treatment and no acute radiation toxicity OR no evidence of enlargement at least 4 weeks prior to the first dose of study drug if untreated and are off systemic steroids for at least two weeks.
* Patients who are pregnant or breastfeeding, or expecting to conceive or father children within the projected duration of the study, starting with the pre-screening or screening visit through 4 months after the last dose of trial treatment.
* Patients who previously had a severe hypersensitivity reaction to treatment with another mAb.
* Patients with an active autoimmune disease or a documented history of autoimmune disease or syndrome that requires systemic steroids or immunosuppressive agents. (Only patients on active treatment are ineligible).
* Patients with a history of a malignancy (other than the disease under treatment in the study) within 5 years prior to first study drug administration.
* Patients on any systemic corticosteroid therapy within one week before the planned date for first dose of treatment or on any other form of immunosuppressive medication.
* Patients with an allergy to iodinated contrast media used for CT.
* Patients with a known history of active TB (Bacillus Tuberculosis).
* Patients with evidence of interstitial lung disease;
* Patients with known history of, or any evidence of active, non-infectious pneumonitis