Intravenous Tenecteplase Plus EVT Versus EVT Alone on 4.5 to 24 Hours After Basilar Artery Occlusion

To assess the effect of intravenous tenecteplase plus endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) compared to EVT alone on 4.5 to 24 hours after stroke due to basilar artery occlusion.

Background and Rationale: Recently, two prospective multicenter RCT (ATTENTION and BAOCHE trials) have shown a significantly beneficial effect of EVT in patients with an acute symptomatic basilar artery occlusion. The EXTEND-IA TNK trial demonstrated that intravenous thrombolysis with tenecteplase is superior to alteplase before EVT for anterior circulation large vessel occlusion strokes. However, it is unclear whether intravenous tenecteplase bridging with EVT is superior to EVT alone in the extended window patients with basilar artery occlusion. Therefore, additional studies are needed to explore the potential benefit of intravenous tenecteplase in these patients.

Study design: Multicenter, prospective, controlled clinical trial with open-label treatment and blind outcome assessment (PROBE) of intravenous tenecteplase plus EVT versus EVT alone. The trial has observer blinded assessment of the primary outcome and neuroimaging at baseline and follow up.

Eligibility Criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

1. Patients presenting with posterior circulation ischemic stroke symptoms due to basilar artery occlusion or vertebral artery occlusions that prevent antegrade flow into the basilar artery;
2. Time from stroke onset to randomization within 4.5-24 hours of estimated time of basilar artery occlusion;
3. Patient's age≥18 years;
4. Presence of basilar artery or vertebral artery occlusion, confirmed by CT Angiography (CTA), MR Angiography (MRA) or Digital Subtraction Angiography (DSA). In cases of vertebral artery occlusion, the occlusion must completely prevent antegrade flow into the basilar artery;
5. Patients presenting with acute ischemic stroke eligible using standard criteria (except for time window) to receive both endovascular thrombectomy and intravenous thrombolysis;
6. Baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score≥ 10 at the time of neuroimaging;
7. The patient or patient's legal representative signs the informed consent form.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. CT or MR evidence of intracerebral hemorrhage (the presence of \< 10 microbleeds is allowed);
2. Pre-stroke modified Rankin scale (mRS) score of ≥ 2;
3. Posterior circulation Acute Stroke Prognosis Early CT Score (PC-ASPECTS) on CT/ CTA-Source Images\<6; PC-ASPECTS on magnetic resonance imaging-diffusion weighted imaging (MRI-DWI) \<5;
4. Pregnant or lactating women;
5. Allergy to contrast agent or nitinol alloy;
6. Life expectancy\<1 year;
7. CTA/MRA/DSA show vascular tortuosity, vascular variation or artery dissection, which would make it difficult to perform endovascular treatment;
8. Participating in other clinical trials;
9. Systolic blood pressure \>185 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure \>110 mmHg, which cannot be controlled by antihypertensive drugs;
10. Genetic or acquired hemorrhagic diathesis, lack of anticoagulant factor; or oral anticoagulant with international normalized ratio (INR) \> 1.7, or novel oral anticoagulant within prior 48 hours;
11. Blood glucose \<50 mg/dl (2.8 mmol/L) or \>400 mg/dl (22.2 mmol/L), platelet\< 100\*109/L;
12. Renal insufficiency defined as serum creatinine \>2.0 mg/dl (or 176.8 μ mol/l) or a glomerular filtration rate \<30 mL/min or the need for hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis;
13. Patients who cannot complete 90-day follow-up (such as patients without fixed residence, overseas patients, etc);
14. The patient has acute ischemic cerebral infarction within 3 months from randomization;
15. The patient had a history of or clinical suspicion for cerebral vasculitis or infectious endocarditis;
16. The patient has nervous system disease or mental disorder before stroke onset, which may affect the assessment of their condition;
17. CT or MR examination showed large cerebellar infarction with obvious space occupying effect and compression of the fourth ventricle;
18. Patients with extensive bilateral thalamic or extensive bilateral brainstem infarction on CT or MR examination;
19. CTA/MRA/DSA show both anterior and posterior circulation large vessel occlusion;
20. Patients with intracranial tumors (except small meningiomas);
21. Patients who received intravenous thrombolytics treatment before the randomization;