Heritability of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Role of Antimullerian Hormone, Steroids and Leptin

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common cause of ovulation disorders and affects 10 to 15% of women. Despite its frequency, its physiopathology remains unknown.

In women, Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) is secreted by granulosa cells located in the ovaries within the follicles. Compared to control women, serum AMH level is higher in PCOS women and could play a role in its pathophysiology. The severity of the PCOS phenotype is correlated with the production of AMH.

It is currently described in the literature that daughters of women with PCOS have a 50% risk of developing PCOS, but no genetic cause of transmission is known. In mice (article in press), pregnant females injected with AMH give birth to offspring with PCOS symptoms. The AMH could thus also play a role in the heritability of PCOS in women. Our team demonstrated that AMH, in its active cleaved form, had a direct central action on the hypothalamus by increasing the pulsatility of GnRH, inducing LH hypersecretion. The hypothesis is that AMH remains higher in pregnant women with PCOS and may affect the fetus by altering fetal and maternal hypothalamic secretions or by modifying placental steroid production.

Leptin has a role in reproduction, through its receptors located at the central (hypothalamus) and peripheral (granulosa cells) levels. In excessively high serum concentration, as observed in obesity, it would lead to a dysregulation of GnRH secretion, an alteration of ovarian steroidogenesis and a dysregulation of folliculogenesis.

Will be compare leptin levels in first trimester patients with and without PCOS to look for possible correlations between AMH and leptin and eliminate possible bias.


Eligibility Criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

* Having a pre-conceptional infertility assessment in the gynecology-Endocrinology department of University Hospital of Lille
* in the first trimester of mono fetal pregnancy (between 5 and 10 weeks of gestation), obtained spontaneously, after induction of ovulation or Assisted Reproductive Techniques (ART)
* Pregnancy followed at University Hospital of Lille
* PCOS group: defined according to modified Rotterdam criteria (2003 and 2011)
* At least 2 of the following 3 criterion:

  * Cycle disorder
  * Clinical and / or biological hyperandrogenism
  * Ovarian volume \> 10cm³ and/or more than 19 follicles from 2 to 9 mm per ovary
* After exclusion of other causes of cycle disorder or hyperandrogenism
* Control group: patient with severe male and / or tubal infertility, no cycling disorder, normal ovarian reserve (FSH\<10 IU / L, E2\<50 pg / ml, AMH\>7 and \<35 pmol / L and Follicles count between \>5 and \<20 per ovary at day 3 of the cycle).

In the group of female controls, the fertility problem is not related to a female pathology of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis (tubal or male infertility). They are women without ovarian personal pathology. The problem of fertility being of other origin.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Multiple pregnancy
* Pregnancy after egg donation
* Long-term drug therapy (excluding routine pregnancy supplementation)
* Previous Diabetes
* Bariatric surgery
* Patients with ovulatory infertility of central or idiopathic origin
* Patients already included in another protocol