Study of SU11248 in Men With Advanced Prostate Cancer

* There are nearly 30,000 deaths per year in the United States from prostate cancer, making this a large and important target patient population for new cancer treatments.
* SU011248 is an exciting, new, experimental drug that inhibits a number of proteins, or more specifically receptor tyrosine kinases, in tumor cells. These proteins are active in cellular pathways that are important for development and growth of a variety of different cancers. The targets of SU011248 include the receptors for vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), and others. By blocking the VEGF and PDGF pathways, SU011248 can induce death of the blood vessels that nourish the cancer cells and death of the cancer cells themselves.
* SU011248 has demonstrated significant anti-tumor activity in renal cell carcinoma, gastrointestinal stromal tumors, and other cancers. Its effect against prostate cancer has not been studied to date.
* This study is directed at two populations of men with advanced prostate cancer:

  1. Men with advanced prostate cancer who have a rising PSA despite hormone therapy, but have not yet received any chemotherapy.
  2. Men with metastatic prostate cancer who have received prior chemotherapy (with a docetaxel-based regimen) and have increasing disease following chemotherapy.
* Men in this study will receive SU011248 on a six-week repeating schedule, with four weeks of daily treatment followed by a two-week rest. The goals of the study are:

  1. to determine whether SU011248 is an important therapeutic agent in men with advanced prostate cancer, and
  2. to identify predictive markers of anti-cancer activity within individual subjects that would allow selective treatment of appropriate subjects in the future.

Background: There are nearly 30,000 deaths per year in the United States from prostate cancer, making this a large and important target patient population for new therapeutics. The mainstay of therapy for advanced prostate cancer is androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). Although ADT is effective in the large majority of men with advanced prostate cancer, the favorable response to ADT is only transient. In hormone-refractory, metastatic prostate cancer the only effective systemic treatment is cytotoxic chemotherapy. The median duration of response to standard, taxane-based chemotherapy is approximately six months, and median survival in contemporary studies is only 16-18 months. Thus, there is an urgent need for new therapeutic agents to treat advanced prostate cancer.

SU011248 is an orally administered inhibitor of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptors, platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) receptor, FLT-3 and c-KIT. SU011248 has demonstrated significant clinical activity in other malignancies, but its activity in prostate cancer has not been studied to date. Clinical trials have demonstrated that SU011248 is generally well tolerated, with mild fatigue and diarrhea the most common adverse effects. Preclinical studies have demonstrated that levels of VEGF and PDGF are elevated in prostate cancer and may correlate with worse outcome. The inhibition of several pathways implicated in prostate cancer progression by SU011248 suggests that it might have significant anti-tumor activity in men with AIPC.

Many of the new, targeted agents are efficacious in only a subset of patients with a particular malignancy, and these subsets may be definable on the basis of specific tumor mutations or patterns of gene expression. Identification of reliable predictive methods is crucial in moving forward with targeted therapies, and we believe that exploratory clinical trials such as this one should incorporate assays designed to address this issue.

Objective/Hypothesis: The objective of this proposal is to determine whether SU011248 is an effective treatment in two cohorts of men with advanced prostate cancer: men with androgen-independent prostate cancer (AIPC) who have not been treated with chemotherapy (Group A), and men with taxane-refractory, metastatic disease (Group B). We hypothesize that specific serum biomarkers and tumor mutations may predict response and may allow optimal subject selection in the future.

Specific Aims: (1) To evaluate the efficacy and safety of SU011248 in men with chemo-naïve AIPC, (2) to evaluate the efficacy and safety of SU011248 in men with metastatic, taxane-resistant AIPC, (3) to measure serum biomarkers in men with AIPC prior to and following treatment with SU011248 and correlate these markers with clinical response, and (4) to mutational analysis from tumor specimens of men with metastatic prostate cancer treated with SU011248 and correlate with clinical response.

Study Design: We will conduct a phase II clinical trial in two groups of subjects: men with AIPC who have not yet developed overt metastases (Group A), and men with taxane-refractory, metastatic disease (Group B). Men in both groups will receive single-agent SU011248 on a six-week repeating schedule, with four weeks of daily treatment followed by a two-week rest. The primary endpoint will be PSA response rate. Secondary endpoints will include time to disease progression, objective response rate, and safety parameters. Eligibility for this study will require signed informed consent, adenocarcinoma of the prostate, documented PSA progression despite ADT, reasonable functional status, resolution of toxic effects from prior treatments, and acceptable bone marrow, hepatic, renal and cardiac function. A Simon's two-stage design will be employed to allow early termination for lack of efficacy. Ultimately, 30 patients will be enrolled in each group, for a total of 60 patients. A defined program of history and physical examinations, radiographic studies, and laboratory tests including PSA will be carried out to determine the efficacy and safety of SU011248 in this patient population.

All subjects will have blood and urine collected for research purposes, and men in Group B will have tumor biopsy prior to enrollment. Translational studies aimed at identifying specific biomarkers in the blood will include analysis of serum cytokine levels including VEGF and others, circulating endothelial cells and endothelial precursors, white blood cell differential, and bone turnover markers. Tumor samples will be analyzed for the presence of predictive tumor mutations.

Relevance: Our ultimate goals are to determine whether SU011248 is an important therapeutic agent in men with advanced prostate cancer, and to identify predictive markers of anti-cancer activity within individual subjects that would allow selective treatment of appropriate subjects in the future. The data obtained should also contribute to our general understanding of serum biomarkers and genetic changes in advanced prostate cancer. Positive results of our trial would lead to expanded, multi-center trials of SU011248 in men with advanced prostate cancer.

Eligibility Criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

* Signed informed consent indicating that the subject has been informed of all pertinent aspects of the trial.
* Adenocarcinoma of the prostate
* Male subjects, 18 years of age or older
* Life expectancy of \> 12 weeks
* Resolution of all acute toxic effects of prior chemotherapy, radiotherapy or surgical procedure to National Cancer Institute Common Toxicity Criteria Adverse Event (NCI CTCAE) grade \<1
* Surgical or ongoing chemical castration
* Androgen-independent disease, defined as progressive disease despite surgical or ongoing chemical castration. See section 8.2.3 for definition of progressive disease.
* Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 0, 1 or 2
* Adequate bone marrow reserve:

  * Neutrophil count \> 1,500/ul
  * Platelet count \> 75,000/ul
* Adequate hepatic function:

  * Serum bilirubin \< 1.5 x upper limit of normal
  * Asparate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase \< 2.5 x upper limit of normal
* Adequate renal function, with serum creatinine \< 2 x upper limit of normal
* Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) \> 5.0 ng/mL, based on PSA Working Group Criteria
* Willingness and ability to comply with scheduled visits, treatment plans, laboratory tests and other study procedures

For Group A only:

· No prior treatment for prostate cancer with cytotoxic chemotherapy

For Group B only:

* Radiographic evidence of metastatic prostate cancer
* One prior docetaxel-based chemotherapy regimen, minimum of two cycles
* Disease progression during treatment with docetaxel, or within 60 days of receiving docetaxel

Exclusion Criteria:

* Small cell carcinoma of the prostate
* Treatment with extensive external beam radiation therapy or radionuclide therapy within six weeks of study entry. Palliative radiation involving less than 20% of bone marrow reserves must have been completed within four weeks of entry.
* Any of the following within the prior 6 months: unstable angina, myocardial infarction, symptomatic congestive heart failure or cerebrovascular accident
* Receipt of any investigational anti-cancer agent within 4 weeks of the study
* NCI CTCAE grade 3 hemorrhage \< 4 weeks of starting study treatment
* Uncontrolled hypertension
* Prolongation of the QTc interval to \> 450 msec
* Other serious acute or chronic medical or psychiatric condition that may increase the risk associated with study participation, and in the judgment of the investigator would make the subject inappropriate for entry into this study.