An Acceptance-Based Healthy Lifestyle Intervention for Diverse Adolescents

The goal of this clinical trial is to learn about cardiovascular disease risk among adolescent girls with overweight/obesity. The main questions this trial aims to answer are:

1. Does an acceptance-based healthy lifestyle intervention demonstrate more weight loss than a health education intervention?
2. Does an acceptance-based healthy lifestyle intervention show more improvements in participants' physiological, health-related, and psychological factors compared to a health education intervention?

Participants in this trial will:

1. Engage in treatment for 6-months, comprising of a mixture of in-person and remote group sessions, occurring at Drexel University or over a video-conferencing platform.
2. Complete various assessments. These include self-reported questionnaires, measures of weight, height, body composition, blood pressure, and blood lipids, and wearing of smart watches to measure sleep and physical activity.

Researchers will compare the acceptance-based and health education intervention groups to see if the acceptance-based treatment will indeed be effective in improving participants' health outcomes.

Overweight/obesity (OW/OB) affects 14 million adolescents in the U.S. and disproportionately affects girls and racial/ethnic minorities while increasing their risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and type 2 diabetes. Adolescents demonstrate limited self-regulation skills, which are essential for adhering to diet and physical activity goals. Adolescents must contend with pervasive biological and environmental cues (e.g., cravings, labor-saving devices) that promote overeating and sedentary behavior. There is a critical need for interventions that teach self-regulation to enable adolescents to respond adaptively to these cues. Acceptance-based therapy (ABT) is an innovative approach that focuses on self-regulation skills, mindfulness, and increasing tolerance of uncomfortable internal experiences. There is strong evidence for ABT as an effective weight loss intervention for adults. The investigators conducted formative work using an adolescent-engaged approach to develop, implement, and feasibility test an ABT intervention for adolescent girls with OW/OB. The objective of this proposal is to test the efficacy of a novel ABT weight loss intervention tailored for adolescent girls with OW/OB.

This trial is the first to investigate ABT tailored for adolescent girls with OW/OB. The investigators will conduct a 6-month, randomized controlled trial comparing ABT with a health education comparison for 14- to 19-year-old adolescent girls with OW/OB, including ≥40% racial/ethnic minorities. To enhance scalability, interventions in both conditions will be delivered by bachelor's level paraprofessional weight loss coaches, treatment will occur in a hybrid of in-person and remote sessions, and the trial will take place in an outpatient community clinic. Assessments will be conducted at baseline, mid-treatment (month 3), post-treatment (month 6), 6-month follow-up (month 12), and 12-month follow-up (month 18), for a total study time of 18 months. The primary hypothesis is that adolescents randomized to ABT will exhibit significantly greater improvements in BMI z-score post-treatment compared to a health education comparison (HE). In the secondary aims, the investigators hypothesize that at post-treatment and 6- and 12-month follow-up, adolescents randomized to ABT will exhibit significantly greater improvements in their physiological, behavioral, and psychological risk factors compared to HE.

Eligibility Criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

* Ages 14-19
* Gender identification as girl
* BMI percentile ≥ 85th percentile for sex-and-age

Exclusion Criteria:

* Experience of weight loss of ≥5% of body weight in the past 6 months for any reason except post-partum weight loss
* Having recently begun or changed the dosage of any medication known to affect appetite or body composition within the last 3 months
* Plans to move out of the area within the next year
* Active cancer or cancer requiring treatment in the past 2 years (except non-melanoma skin cancer)
* Active or chronic infections (e.g., HIV or TB)
* Active cardiovascular disease or event including hospitalization or therapeutic procedures for treatment of heart disease in the past 6 months
* Active kidney disease
* History of bariatric surgery
* Lung disease: chronic obstructive airway disease requiring use of oxygen (e.g., emphysema or chronic bronchitis)
* Diagnosed diabetes (type 1 or 2)
* Any condition prohibiting physical activity
* Diagnosis of an eating disorder
* Have a mental handicap or are currently experiencing other severe psychopathology that would limit their ability to engage in the treatment program (e.g., severe depression, active psychotic disorder)
* Recent or ongoing problem with drug abuse, alcohol abuse, or addiction
* Currently pregnant or less than 3 months post-partum
* Anticipation of a possible pregnancy in the next year
* Unwillingness to report possible or confirmed pregnancies promptly during the course of the trial