Cross-sectional Study for the Identification of Blood Biomarkers in Healthy Young and Old Individuals

Ageing is clearly the most important risk factor for AD and other dementias but, despite the amount of evidence supporting this fact, the exact mechanism that link ageing and AD is still unknown and, up to now, potential therapies for AD by targeting ageing have been poorly explored. This study aims to provide a better understanding of the link between ageing and AD by means of measuring in human blood those factors that have been found to be 'pro-youthful' (GDF-11, CSF2, TIMP-2, oxytocin) or 'pro-aging' (CCL2, CCL11, CCL19, Haptoglobine, B2-microglobuline) in experimental animal models, but have not been comprehensively studied in humans.

In this proof-of-concept study these blood factors in extreme groups of age, namely young adults (18-25 yo) and old adults (≥70 yo) will be measured and the hypothesis of whether the 'pro-youthful' and 'pro-ageing' blood factors change throughout age tested. In order to include a wider range of age, human umbilical cord blood and plasma from teenagers (which is already available from a previous study) will also be included.

The ultimate goal of this study is to select the more promising blood factors and obtain data on the effect size of the differences that may allow us in the future to design a larger study.


Eligibility Criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

1. Men and women between 18 and 25 years (young adults group) or older than 70 for persons at the time of inclusion (old adults group).
2. Subjects with no subjective cognitive complaints.
3. Individuals interested in participating in the study who fully understand all the procedures that will be performed.
4. Explicit participant agreement to undergo all the study procedures, which encompass:

   1. Collection of basic demographic data.
   2. Collection of a blood sample.
5. Give informed consent and agree that no data resulting from the study (which is no clinically relevant) will be given to the participant

Exclusion Criteria:

1. No signs of subjective cognitive impairment.
2. Any significant systemic illness or unstable medical condition which could lead to difficulty complying with the protocol. Including: auditive and visual impairment, renal insufficiency under hemodialysis treatment, hepatic cirrhosis, chronic pneumopathy under oxygen therapy, solid organ transplantation, fibromyalgia, active oncologic disease under treatment (excluding localized tumours).
3. Any significant major psychiatric illness (following DSM-IV diagnosis manual) o diseases that interfere with cognitive function (including major depression disorder, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia).
4. Acquired brain injury: brain traumatic injury with parenchymal or extra-axial macroscopic injury, large vessel ischemic stroke or hemorrhagic stroke, brain tumors or other conditions that may cause acquired brain injury (brain radio- or chemotherapy).
5. Parkinson's disease, epilepsy under treatment and with frequent seizures (\>1 /month) in the last year, multiple sclerosis or any other neurodegenerative disease.
6. Researcher criteria: individuals that have any condition which, under researcher's view, could lead to difficulty complying with the protocol.