Endoscopic and Microbiological Assessment of the Effect of Carvedilol Combined With Berberine on GOV in Cirrhosis

Carvedilol has been shown to be more potent in decreasing portal hypertension to propranolol. A lot of studies have shown that the imbalance of flora and the progress of portal hypertension are mutually causal. Berberine can regulate the intestinal flora.In this study, we evaluated the effect of carvedilol and berberine on reducing portal vein pressure by observing the changes of endoscopy，endoscopic ultrasonography and intestinal flora.

There is a higher risk of esophageal and gastric varices bleeding in cirrhosis patients with moderate and severe esophageal and gastric varices. Once there is a high mortality rate of esophageal and gastric varices bleeding, it will cause great losses to the family and society. Therefore, it is of great social and economic significance to prevent esophageal and gastric varices bleeding through economic and effective methods. As the third generation of NSBB, carvedilol is more effective in reducing HVPG than propranolol, which is recommended by Baveno VI as the first-line drug for EVB primary prevention. A lot of studies have shown that the imbalance of flora and the progress of portal hypertension are mutually causal. The application of carvedilol can reduce the pressure of portal vein, and when the portal hypertension is improved, the imbalance of intestinal mucosal barrier and flora will also be changed. Berberine can regulate the intestinal flora, which is safe and effective in clinical application. Gastroscopy is still the main method of screening varicose veins. We can determine whether there is GOV in patients and evaluate the risk of varicose vein bleeding. However, gastroscopy can only observe the situation in the digestive tract lumen, and ultrasound endoscopy can scan the outside of the tube wall, so as to more comprehensively evaluate the change of portal hypertension. The purpose of this study is to apply endoscopic ultrasonography to the whole process of the study, which can be used as a more sensitive means to observe the changes of portal hypertension, and to systematically evaluate the continuous changes of portal hypertension. It provides a theoretical basis and measurement means for a more comprehensive and scientific evaluation of portal hypertension.In this study, the patients with GOV who need primary prevention were randomly divided into two groups. Carvedilol or carvedilol combined with berberine were given for 12 months respectively. The degree of varicose vein relief was judged by ES and EUS, and the changes of oral and intestinal flora were detected at the same time To understand the possible mechanism of carvedilol and berberine in reducing portal hypertension.

Eligibility Criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

* HBV-related or/and HCV-related liver cirrhotic patients based on pathology or clinical diagnosis;

  * Antiviral therapy;
  * Male or Female;
  * ES showed the presence of esophageal and gastric varices and / or red signs;
  * Child-Pugh \< 10, and meld \< 29;
  * Signature of informed consent.

Exclusion Criteria:

* • Used antibiotics, prebiotics, probiotics and proton pump inhibitors within 2 weeks;

  * Any contra-indications to beta-blockers including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, allergic rhinitis, NYHA (New York Heart Association) class IV heart failure, atrioventricular block, sinus bradycardia (HR \< 50 / min), cardiogenic shock, hypotension (SBP \< 85mmHg), sick sinus syndrome, insulin dependent diabetes, peripheral vascular disease;
  * Unstable high blood pressure and long-term engagement in driving;
  * Any malignancy that affects survival, excluding the cured;
  * Patients with portal thrombosis;
  * PT extension greater than 4 seconds, PLT\<30×10\^9/L;
  * Pregnant and lactating patients;
  * History of surgery for portal hypertension；History of prior EVL (endoscopic variceal ligation) or sclerotherapy, history of surgery for portal hypertension including portosystemic shunts, disconnection and spleen resection and transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt;
  * Patients with severe diseases of vital organs such as heart, lung, kidney, brain, blood and nervous system;
  * Allergic to carvedilol and berberine;
  * Severe systemic diseases；
  * hemolytic anemia and lack of glucose - 6 - phosphate dehydrogenase patients
  * Refusal to participate in the study.