Innovative SonoCloud-9 Device for Blood Brain Barrier Opening in First Line Temozolomide Glioblastoma Patients.

Glioblastoma (GBM) is an aggressive cancer with a progression-free survival (PFS) of 7 months and an overall survival (OS) of 15 months. Many therapeutic approaches have failed to improve the prognosis of patients to date. One of the main reasons is the presence of blood brain barrier (BBB) which limits therapeutic agents uptake in the brain. GBM is also considered to have a "cold" (unresponsive) immunological microenvironment due to factors released by the tumor and the presence of BBB limiting the transit of immune cells from the systemic circulation. Therefore, by-passing the BBB appears as a promising strategy.

The objective of the Phase II clinical trial, SonoFIRST, is to evaluate if the use of therapeutic ultrasound device, sonoCloud-9 (SC9) could improve the progression free survival of newly diagnosed GBM patients, treated by concurrent temoradiation and adjuvant temozolomide. The transient opening of the BBB by ultrasound with the SonoCloud-9 (SC9) device, predicts the increase in the penetration of temozolomide (TMZ) into the brain and the stimulation of cerebral immunity with the prospect of improving the survival of 160,000 new brain tumor patients each year in Europe and the United States.

This will be an open-label, Phase 2, multicenter, double arm, randomized, interventional trial that will evaluate primarily the clinical efficacy of the device and will be to compare Progression Free Survival (PFS) between the standard of care treatment with concomitant ultrasound BBB opening versus standard of care alone. Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and aggressive primary brain cancer. Currently, prognosis is very poor, with a survival of about 15 months with current therapies. Although intensive treatments combining surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy, the prognosis of GBM patients remains poor. New treatment strategies are urgently needed.

In the brain, the presence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) limits the uptake of therapeutic agents. To encounter this BBB issue, Professor Alexandre Carpentier and his team developed an ultrasound medical device (SonoCloud), implanted in the skull during surgery. This highly innovative technique temporarily permeates the BBB, increasing drug delivery to the brain by five times. The SonoCloud, a low-intensity pulsed ultrasound device developed by CarThera, is one of the major innovations in this field, as shown by the encouraging results obtained in studies in recurrent GBM.

The expected benefits of using the SonoCloud-9 experimental device prior to TMZ chemotherapy are the stabilization or reduction of GBM tumor volume on the one hand, and stabilization or improvement of the patient's neurological status on the other hand.

Participation in the clinical trial will contribute to a better understanding of the safety and efficacy of opening the BBB. It will be possible to determine whether the BBB opening using low-intensity pulsed ultrasound can be effective in treating GBM, in addition to the standard of care protocol.

Eligibility Criteria:
Inclusion Criteria :

1. Age ≥ 18 years , able and willing to give signed and informed consent. Inclusion for patients aged \>70 years should be validated in neuro-oncology tumor board (RCP)
2. MRI with suspicion of GBM or Patient with a newly histologically proven IDHwt GBM by previous stereotaxic biopsy or king size opened biopsy
3. Karnofsky Performance Status ≥ 70
4. Patient eligible for a total or sub-total surgical tumor resection
5. Maximal tumor enhancement diameter at inclusion (pre surgery) ≤ 70 mm in T1W MRI
6. Patient eligible after surgery for the first line standard of care temoradiation and adjuvant TMZ (Stupp protocol, 54)
7. Patient with adequate organ and bone marrow function within 14 days prior to registration, as defined below:

   * Hemoglobin ≥ 10.0 g/dL
   * Leukocytes ≥ 3,000/L
   * Absolute neutrophil count ≥ 1,500/L
   * Platelets ≥ 100,000/L
   * Total bilirubin \< 1.5 x ULN
   * AST(SGOT)/ALT(SPGT) ≤ 3 x institutional ULN
   * Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) \< 3 x ULN
   * Normal creatine clearance ≥ 60 mL/minute.
   * Prothrombin time and partial thromboplastin time within institutional limits.
8. For women of childbearing potential, a negative pregnancy test before inclusion and a medically acceptable method of birth control used throughout the study are required. A female patient is eligible to participate if she is not pregnant, not breastfeeding, and at least 1 of the following conditions applies: Not a woman of childbearing potential (WOCBP) OR A WOCBP who agrees to follow the contraceptive guidance during the treatment period and for at least 1 month after the end of study visit
9. A male patient must agree to use contraception as detailed in this Protocol during the treatment period and for at least 6 months after the last cycle of TMZ; he must refrain from donating sperm during this period
10. Patient capable of giving signed informed consent, which includes compliance with the requirements and restrictions listed in the Informed Consent Form (ICF) and in this protocol
11. Patient must be a beneficiary of or affiliated with a social security scheme

Exclusion Criteria :

1. Patients with multifocal tumor (unless all localized in a 70 mm diameter area accessible to ultrasound field) or located in posterior fossa tumor
2. Patient with diffuse FLAIR abnormalities attributable to Gliomatosis
3. Patients with evidence of uncontrolled intracranial pressure
4. Patients with uncontrolled epilepsy
5. Patients with medical need to continue antiplatelet or antithrombotic treatment
6. Pregnant or breastfeeding women (blood pregnancy test)
7. Patients with contra-indications to MRI or known sensitivity/allergy to gadolinium, or other intravascular contrast agents
8. Known history of hypersensitivity reactions to perflutren lipid microsphere components or to any of the inactive ingredients in Luminity®/Definity®
9. Patients with known intracranial aneurism, with and/or unremovable coils, clips, shunts, intravascular stents, wafer, non resorbable dura substitute, or reservoirs
10. Patients with an uncontrolled intercurrent illness or any pre-existing comorbidities that in the Investigator's opinion may prevent the implantation of the device or may impair the ability of the patient to receive treatment with SonoCloud or may be cofounding for evaluation of the clinical trial.
11. Patients with the following are not eligible:

    * Known arterial hypertension grade 3 or higher without adequate control on medications
    * Known or suspected unstable active or chronic infections requiring systemic treatment
    * Known significant cardiac disease: right-to-left shunts, Unstable angina pectoris, Symptomatic congestive heart failure, Unstable cardiac arrhythmia
    * Known significant pulmonary disease: severe pulmonary hypertension (pulmonary artery pressure \> 90 mmHg), uncontrolled systemic hypertension, adult respiratory distress syndrome, or Pneumonitis
    * Known Severe renal failure
    * Known serious myelosuppression
    * Known Psychiatric illness/social situations that would limit compliance with study requirements
    * Any other illness or condition that the treating investigator feels would interfere with study compliance or would compromise the patient's safety or study endpoints
    * Known immunodeficiency disease or treatments (HIV)
    * Known viral or bacterial chronic/acute disease (potential blood borne infections that could result in meningitis or brain abscess)
12. Patients under judicial protection
13. Patients with any following prohibited treatments:

    * Any investigational medicinal product within 30 days prior to inclusion and during the study
    * Antibiotics with known neurotoxicity (eg, aminoglycosides, cephalosporin, quinolones), unless substitution is not possible,
    * Non-absorbable material (dura matter substitute, hemostatic agent...)
    * Any other drug according investigator to cause cerebral toxicity due to BBB opening
    * Contra-indications to temozolomide
    * Dacarbazine hypersensitivity
14. Implantation of the SC-9 not possible according to neurosurgeon (any patient morphological characteristics (e.g. skin thin thickness \>9mm), which, from neurosurgeons' opinion, prevent implantation of the device or may impair the ability of the patient to receive treatment with SonoCloud, would be excluded)