Comparison of Magnesium Sulphate Versus Cold Compress in IV Cannula Induces Phlebitis

The use of intravenous (IV) devices is an integral part of patient care in hospitals, clinics, maternity home etc. approximately 80% of hospitalized patients receive I.V therapies. Phlebitis is a complication that is frequently associated with intravenous therapy. Phlebitis is the inflammation of a vein. It most commonly occurs in superficial veins. It is characterized by local pain, tenderness, swelling, induration, and erythema of the venous tract, and a palpable cord-like vein on the infusion site. The most common causes of phlebitis may be mechanical, chemical, and bacterial. Phlebitis may lead to life-threatening complications such as pain, Cellulitis, gangrene and it leads to amputation of the limb. The possibility of clot formation in the veins can lead to serious complications such as deep vein pulmonary embolism, which can cause sudden death. Other complications include septic shock, thrombophlebitis requiring supportive treatment, metastatic infection, the formation of liver abscesses, and endocarditis due to septic emboli. Patients with chronic diseases like diabetes, coronary heart disease, renal failure, hepatic encephalopathy, neurological conditions, and those who are bedridden for extended periods, as well as newborns, face difficulties in maintaining intravenous (IV) cannulas. As a result, needs to maintain central lines for fluids and medication, which is another source of infection. These complications can lead to prolonged hospital stays, increased medical costs, reduced patient satisfaction, and a lower quality of life for the affected individuals. Here the question arises for nurses to check the effectiveness of magnesium sulphate versus cold compress. To find the answer to this question this study will be conducted with the objective of comparing magnesium sulfate versus cold compression on patients with a peripheral intravenous cannula (PIVC) induced phlebitis, hospital-based comparative study and the simple random sampling technique will be used to collect a sample of sixty participants and will be equally distributed into two groups. The study will be conducted in Lahore general hospital Lahore Punjab Pakistan.

Materials \& Methods/Subjects \& Methods:

Study Design:

• This study will be a Randomized Control Trial.

Setting:

This study will be carried out at the Institute of Nursing University of Health Sciences, Lahore in the collaboration with Lahore General Hospitals Lahore, Pakistan which is one of the major teaching hospitals and sample will be collected from Medical units, surgical units.

Duration:

The anticipated duration of this study will be 12 months.

Sample Size:

The sample size for each group is 35 calculated by using the following formula with estimated 80% power of the study, 95% confidence interval, and assuming that of phlebitis in group1: 96.70% and group 2 is 76.7% (Hongmei et al., 2020) (Sample size is calculated through the WHO online calculator)

Sampling Technique:

A total of 70 patients will be selected by simple random sampling. The patients will be randomized into two groups by lottery method. Group 1 (magnesium sulfate application) and Group 2 (cold compression) will be given. In this method, 70 cards having the same appearance will be used, 35 of them with letter 1 for group 1 and other letter 2 for group 2. Each participant should take one card from this box. Therefore random allocation of subjects will be determined (Dahal et al., 2020).

Eligibility Criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

The patient admitted for 72 hours or more than 72 hours.

* Patient with intravenous therapy.
* Patients with signs of phlebitis 2-4 score on the VIP scale.
* Age group of 18-50 years and able to report pain.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Patient with superficial thrombophlebitis and having skin disorder.
* Patient having associated muscular disorders like DVT, varicose veins,s, etc.
* Patient with disturbed coagulation profile.
* I.V Drug abusers