The Impact of the Attention Training Technique on Attention Control and High Worry

Excessive and uncontrollable worry has been associated with deficits in attention control. The Attention Training Technique (ATT; Wells, 1990) is a 12-minute audio recording that was developed to train attention control, so that individuals could learn to shift their attention away from maladaptive cognitive processes such as worry. The technique has shown to be promising at reducing symptoms across a variety of mental disorders (Knowles, Foden, El-Deredy, \& Wells, 2016) and is recommended for use in people who suffer from chronic worry. To date, little research has been conducted examining the benefits of using this technique in such a population. The present study aims to examine the immediate and short term effects of weekly ATT practice, compared to a control condition, in a population that suffers from high levels of worry about a variety of topics. About one-hundred participants who suffer from chronic worry will be randomly assigned to listen to the ATT or a control recording, every day for a week. Changes in attention control, worry, and cognitive processes will be examined over the course of the intervention period.

People who suffer from pathological worry report that they worry to an excessive degree and that they find it very difficult to control their worry. Deficits in attention control may help to explain why people who worry pathologically find it difficult to shift their attention away from their worry, and back to the task at hand. The Attention Training Technique (ATT; Wells, 1990) was developed to train attentional control, so that individuals could learn to shift the focus of their attention away from maladaptive cognitive processes such as worry. Despite being recommended for use in populations that suffer from excessive worry, there is a dearth of research examining the effects of ATT in such a population. The study aims to examine the immediate (during the intervention) and short-term (right after finishing the intervention) effects of listening to the ATT, compared to the control recording, on attention, worry, and other cognitive processes. This will be the first study to our knowledge to examine the effects of 1 week of daily ATT practice in a sample of people who suffer from chronic worry, and will provide important information for optimizing the treatment of worry in this population.

Eligibility Criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

1. Score of 65 or higher on the Penn State Worry Questionnaire.
2. Endorsement of chronic worry as per the description of Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Has current or past history of psychosis or mania, or endorse symptoms consistent with a diagnosis of a substance use disorder in the past 12 months
2. Report clinically significant suicidal ideation, intent, or plan
3. Participants will be excluded if they are currently receiving psychological treatment or counseling (e.g., cognitive behaviour therapy, supportive counseling, etc.), unless this treatment is infrequent (once monthly or less) or the participant has been receiving consistent weekly treatment for at least 12 weeks and still meets all other eligibility criteria
4. Are taking psychotropic medications and have had a change in dose in the past 12 weeks. If they have recently discontinued a psychotropic medication, they will be included if it has been at least 1 month since discontinuation, or 3 months if they had been taking fluoxetine/Prozac. If a participant is taking benzodiazepines on an 'as needed' basis they will be included and their use of this medication will be noted. Daily benzodiazepine usage will exclude participants, and if participants have ever taken benzodiazepines daily, they must be abstinent for at least one year.