Generic Behavioural Change Campaign for COVID-19 Prevention

Since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic in Zambia, multiple information, education and communication (IEC) materials and strategies have been disseminated by national risk communication and community engagement (RCCE) committees to create awareness on the facts of the novel coronavirus, prevention measures and care-seeking options. To complement these efforts in Zambia, CIDRZ in collaboration with the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM) are implementing an internationally produced communication campaign that promotes the uptake of four key behaviours to reduce the transmission of COVID-19, namely, hand washing with soap, mask wearing, social distancing and surface cleaning. The campaign presents these behaviours as a 'password' that should be enacted to get lives back to normal and was created by the Hygiene Behaviour Change Coalition (HBCC). The idea of a password has been used to symbolize access into a world where protective habits are practiced in order to get back a world that is corona free. The password in this case is Hands-Face-Space-Surface. This campaign is a mass media campaign that will be delivered through TV, radio and billboards.

This study aims to evaluate the process and effect of the HBCC campaign on the uptake of COVID-19 preventative behaviours among people living in Lusaka and Copperbelt Provinces of Zambia.

Currently, there is not enough evidence on the impact of specific behavioural interventions on the uptake of COVID-19 prevention behaviours, including in Zambia.

The password campaign is rooted in behaviour change principles and was carefully created by the HBCC as a unifying intervention promoting memorability and behaviour uptake. It is being implemented in countries in Asia and Africa to increase the uptake of hand washing with soap, mask wearing, social distancing and surface cleaning. This study will be the first to provide evidence on the impact of this intervention on the uptake of behaviours within low-resourced settings.

Research questions:

1. To what extent have adults aged 18years and above been exposed to the password campaign?
2. What effect has the HBCC campaign had on practice of COVID-19 prevention behaviours in the community?

Main Aim: This study aims to evaluate the process and effect of the HBCC campaign on the uptake of COVID-19 preventative behaviours among people living in Lusaka and Copperbelt Provinces of Zambia.

Specific objectives:

1. To assess the contribution of process indicators on the performance of the HBCC campaign with respect to dose delivered and reach.
2. To evaluate the effect of the HBCC campaign on COVID-19 preventative behaviours.

Methodology (design, sampling, data collection methods and tools): In order to assess the intervention effect of the HBCC mass media campaign on the uptake of COVID-19 prevention behaviours among the general population, we will use a post-test quasi-experimental design where we will compare the uptake of three COVID-19 prevention behaviours among the general population in four provinces (Lusaka, Copperbelt, Southern and Eastern), where the intervention is variably ongoing. We will compare responses between exposed to unexposed individuals after intervention (i.e., a per protocol analysis). We define exposure as a positive response about exposure to, and memory of, the Password campaign (in particular it's specific slogan). We will stratify on biological sex and age.

Interactive Voice Response (IVR), an automated telephone system technology that interacts with the callers and routes the calls to the appropriate recipient will be used to collect data. This method had been chosen due to restriction on face to face data collection as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. A random sample will be drawn from the phone number pool of persons \>18 years old registered to participate in surveys.

Data management issues (data management plan, analysis and storage):

Viamo (https://viamo.io/) will provide descriptive analysis for all variables including all respondents. They will further extract fully completed questionnaires and export it to Microsoft excel for cleaning and coding. They will send this de-identified data to CIDRZ, who will export the cleaned data to Stata 16 MP4 (Stata Corp, College Station, TX. USA) for further analyses. De- identification will protect confidentiality. When all the data has been extracted, it will be stored in a database using PostgreSQL object-relational database management for security purposes. PostgreSQL is a highly secure and easy to use.

Eligibility Criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

* Must be 18years and above
* Must reside in Lusaka, Copperbelt, Southern or Eastern Province
* Volunteer to take part in the study

Exclusion Criteria:

* Participants not from Lusaka, Copperbelt, Southern or Eastern Province