Phase II Trial of SBRT Compared With Conventional Radiotherapy for Oligometastatic Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

This protocol is a phase II randomized controlled trial (RCT) evaluating the efficacy of SBRT compared with conventional fractionated radiotherapy for oligometastatic Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

Non small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Approximately half of all patients with NSCLC present with metastatic disease at the time of diagnosis, and the predominant pattern of failure in patients with localized NSCLC is distant metastatic spread. The standard treatment in metastatic disease is cytotoxic chemotherapy with a mean overall survival between 8-11 months.

Various studies suggest that patients who clinically present with a limited number of metastases, a term defined as oligometastatic disease, could have a better prognosis of survival with a radical treatment, than for their counterparts with a greater number of metastasis. Much of the current clinical outcomes in oligometastatic disease is based on a series of the retrospective studies.

This is a randomised prospective phase II study based on patients with stage IV oligometastatic NSCLC according to UICC stage system(version 7,2009) or oligometastatic disease after radical operation for stage I-III NSCLC. The purpose of this study is to add more information to the current medical literature about the efficacy and safety of Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy (SBRT) compared with conventional fractionated radiotherapy for oligometastatic non-small cell lung cancer (equal to or less than 5 sites and equal to or less than 5cm in maximum diameter).

The patients enrolled receive firstly 4-6 cycles chemotherapy (platinum-based doublet chemotherapy), and achieve response(stable disease or partial response or complete response). Patients will be randomized into two groups. The control group will undergo the conventional fractionated radiotherapy to all metastatic sites and the primary tumor. The experimental group will receive SBRT to primary lesions or metastatic lesions.

The investigators will compare progress free survival(PFS) ,overall survival, incidence of treatment-related adverse events of the two groups.

Eligibility Criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

* Histologically proven non-small-cell lung cancer.
* Stage IV oligometastatic NSCLC according to UICC stage system(version 7,2009) or oligometastatic disease after radical operation for stage I-III NSCLC.
* The patients receive firstly 4-6 cycles chemotherapy (platinum-based doublet chemotherapy), and achieve response(stable disease or partial response or complete response).
* Staging with chest CT scan, abdominal ultrasonography , MRI brain, Bone scan and/or FDG PET-CT whole body scan.
* Number of metastatic lesions equal to or less than 5.
* Maximum diameter of metastatic tumors equal to or less than 5cm.
* ECOG performance status 0-2 at time of registration.
* EGFR testing is mandatory.
* No brain metastasis in MRI.
* No liver metastasis in abdominal CT or MRI.
* No malignant pleural effusion or pericardial effusion or peritoneal effusion.
* Acceptable lung function for radical lung radiotherapy.
* Stable lab values: Hematological:

Absolute neutrophil count (ANC) ≥1.5×109/L, Platelets ≥100×109/L, Hemoglobin≥9 g/dL Renal: Creatinine OR Measured or calculated creatinine clearance (CrCl)(glomerular filtration rate \[GFR\] can also be used in place of creatinine or CrCl) ≤1.5×the upper limit of normal (ULN) OR ≥60 mL/min for patient with creatinine levels\>1.5× institutional ULN Hepatic: Total bilirubin ≤1.5×ULN OR Direct bilirubin ≤ULN for patients with total bilirubin levels \>1.5×ULN, Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) ≤2.5×ULN,globulin≥20 g/L, albumin≥30 g/L.

* No relevant co-morbidities, including pulmonary fibrosis and connective tissue disorders
* Able to understand and give written informed consent and comply with study procedures.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Patient has had palliative radiotherapy to any tumour site prior to registration and/or requires palliative radiotherapy prior to randomisation.
* Patient has received any molecular targeted therapeutic drugs for NSCLC malignancy.
* The patients receive firstly 4-6 cycles chemotherapy (platinum-based doublet chemotherapy), and achieve progressive disease.
* Any unstable systemic disease, including active infection, uncontrolled high blood pressure, unstable angina, newly observed angina pectoris within the past 3 months, congestive heart failure (New York heart association (NYHA) class II or higher), myocardial infarction onset six months before included into the group, and severe arrhythmia, liver, kidney, or metabolic disease in need of drug therapy.
* Previously diagnosed with immunodeficiency disease.
* Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection.
* Women in pregnancy or lactation.
* Patients with mental illness, considered as "can't fully understand the issues of this research".
* other Cancer history.
* Histologically confirmed small cell carcinoma or other non NSCLC compositions in the cancer tissue.
* Brain metastasis or liver metastasis or malignant pleural effusion or pericardial effusion or peritoneal effusion.