Genomic Sequencing in Determining Treatment in Patients With Metastatic Cancer or Cancer That Cannot Be Removed by Surgery

This pilot clinical trial studies patients' genomic sequencing in determining specific treatments, also called Precision Medicine, in patients with cancer that has spread to other parts of the body (metastatic) and/or cannot be removed by surgery. Examining the genetic code of a patient's tumor, a mutation (a change in the deoxyribonucleic acid \[DNA\] sequence of a cell or gene) may be identified and matched with available treatment that targets the mutated gene or an alternative treatment that may provide benefit for the patient with the mutation identified. Precision medicine may impacts patient's response to treatment by targeting specific mutations and may increase survival and improve quality of life.

PRIMARY OBJECTIVES:

I. To assess the feasibility of implementing a Precision Oncology protocol in the treatment of patients who undergo genomic sequencing.

SECONDARY OBJECTIVES:

I. To determine treatment response rates in patients who receive targeted treatment versus those who do not receive targeted treatment.

II. To assess survival in patients who receive targeted treatment versus those who do not receive targeted treatment.

III. To assess changes in patient-reported outcomes in patients who receive targeted treatment versus those who do not receive targeted treatment.

IV. To perform exploratory statistical genetic and bioinformatics analyses using the data derived from the genomic sequencing to catalogue additional important variants and determine whether there are any patterns or associations among patient level risk factors, their outcomes and genomic information that was not identified by the original genomic sequencing analyses.

OUTLINE:

Patients receive treatment based on the results of their genomic sequencing analyses.

After completion of study treatment, patients are followed up every 2 months.

Eligibility Criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

* Patients with unresectable cancer for which there are genomic drivers with corresponding Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved or experimental drugs available, e.g. non-small cell lung cancer; and/or patients with histologically confirmed metastatic malignancy that have failed standard treatment or cannot tolerate standard treatment as deemed by the treating physician
* Malignancy must be measureable as per appropriate guidelines
* Patients who are willing to provide a specimen for genomic sequencing

  * Preferred method:

    * Tumor cell sample available and of sufficient quantity in the Tumor Tissue Shared Resource or patients who are willing to undergo additional tissue collection for tumor genomic sequencing through FoundationOne; available specimens must have been harvested within two years to be eligible
  * Alternative method:

    * Patients who are unwilling or unable to provide a tumor tissue sample and who undergoes Guardant360 sequencing may be considered eligible by the treating physician
  * Patients who have already had their specimens sent for genomic sequencing are eligible provided they have not received their sequencing results at the time of enrollment
* Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status =\< 2
* Absence of clinically relevant liver or kidney failure as deemed by the treating physician
* Ability to understand and the willingness to sign an Institutional Review Board (IRB)-approved informed consent document

Exclusion Criteria:

* Uncontrolled intercurrent illness including, but not limited to ongoing or active infection, symptomatic congestive heart failure, unstable angina pectoris, cardiac arrhythmia, diminished mental capacity or psychiatric illness/social situations that would limit compliance with study requirements
* Pregnancy or lactation