S0312, Gemcitabine and Capecitabine in Treating Patients With Advanced Renal Cell (Kidney) Cancer

RATIONALE: Drugs used in chemotherapy such as gemcitabine and capecitabine use different ways to stop tumor cells from dividing so they stop growing or die. Combining more than one chemotherapy drug may kill more tumor cells.

PURPOSE: Phase II trial to study the effectiveness of combining gemcitabine with capecitabine in treating patients who have advanced renal cell cancer (kidney cancer).

OBJECTIVES:

* Determine response (confirmed and unconfirmed complete and partial) of patients with advanced renal cell cancer treated with gemcitabine and capecitabine.
* Determine the 6-month time to treatment failure rate and overall survival rate of patients treated with this regimen.
* Determine the qualitative and quantitative toxic effects of this regimen in these patients.
* Correlate, preliminarily, tumor response with the intratumoral content of the enzymes involved in the activation and degradation of these drugs in these patients.

OUTLINE: Patients receive gemcitabine IV over 30 minutes on days 1, 8, and 15 and oral capecitabine twice daily on days 1-21. Courses repeat every 28 days in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.

Patients are followed every 3 months for 1 year and then every 6 months for 2 years.

PROJECTED ACCRUAL: A total of 38 patients will be accrued for this study within 3.8-4.2 months.

Eligibility Criteria:
DISEASE CHARACTERISTICS:

* Histologically or cytologically confirmed renal cell carcinoma

  * Metastatic (M1) disease OR
  * M0 provided the primary tumor is unresectable
* Measurable disease

  * At least 1 unidimensionally measurable lesion
  * Soft tissue disease that has been irradiated within the past 2 months is not considered measurable disease
  * Soft tissue disease within a prior radiation field is measurable provided it has progressed since therapy and there is also measurable disease outside of the irradiated field
* No prior or concurrent brain metastases

PATIENT CHARACTERISTICS:

Age

* 18 and over

Performance status

* Zubrod 0-2

Life expectancy

* Not specified

Hematopoietic

* Absolute granulocyte count at least 1,500/mm\^3
* Platelet count at least 100,000/mm\^3

Hepatic

* Bilirubin no greater than 1.5 times upper limit of normal (ULN)
* Aspartate aminotransferase (SGOT) no greater than 1.5 times ULN

Renal

* Creatinine clearance at least 50 mL/min

Cardiovascular

* No symptomatic congestive heart failure
* No unstable angina pectoris
* No cardiac arrhythmia

Other

* Not pregnant or nursing
* Fertile patients must use effective contraception
* No other concurrent uncontrolled illness that would preclude study participation
* No psychiatric illness or social situation that would preclude study compliance
* No uncontrolled diabetes mellitus
* No ongoing or active infection
* No other malignancy within the past 5 years except adequately treated basal cell or squamous cell skin cancer, carcinoma in situ of the cervix, or stage I or II cancer currently in complete remission

PRIOR CONCURRENT THERAPY:

Biologic therapy

* No more than 2 prior immunotherapy regimens comprising interferon (IFN) and/or interleukin-2 (IL-2)
* At least 28 days since prior IFN or IL-2 and recovered

Chemotherapy

* No prior chemotherapy for renal cell cancer

Endocrine therapy

* Not specified

Radiotherapy

* See Disease Characteristics
* No prior radiotherapy to 25% or more of the bone marrow
* At least 21 days since prior radiotherapy and recovered

Surgery

* At least 28 days since prior surgery and recovered
* Prior resection of the primary tumor allowed (in patients with metastatic disease)

Other

* At least 4 weeks since prior sorivudine or brivudine
* No concurrent sorivudine or chemically related analogues (e.g., brivudine)