Study of Eryaspase in Combination With Chemotherapy Versus Chemotherapy Alone for the Treatment of TNBC (TRYbeCA-2)

This is an open-label, multicenter, randomized, Phase 2/3 study in patients with locally recurrent or metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) with no more than one prior systemic therapy for locally recurrent or metastatic disease.

The study will consist of 2 parts:

* Part 1 is an open-label, multicenter, randomized Phase 2 exploratory study that will investigate the clinical activity of the combination of eryaspase and gemcitabine/carboplatin in patients with locally recurrent or metastatic TNBC. Data analysis of Part 1 will inform choices for the final design and patient population in Part 2 (Phase 3 study). Patients recruited into Part 1 will not be included in the Intent-to-Treat patient (ITT) population of Part 2 of the study.
* Part 2 will be a randomized Phase 3 study designed to evaluate the efficacy of the combination of eryaspase and gemcitabine/carboplatin in TNBC patients. The current protocol will focus on Part 1.

Part 1 is the focus of the current protocol, with a primary endpoint of DCR. DCR data as determined by an IRR will determine whether or not proceeding to Part 2 is warranted. If so, Part 2 will be implemented via a major amendment to the protocol. Meanwhile, sites will remain open with the expectation that Part 2 will be activated

After providing informed consent and completing the screening assessments, patients who meet all inclusion and no exclusion criteria will be randomized in a 1:1 ratio to one of the following treatment arms:

* Arm A (experimental arm): eryaspase 100 U/kg on Days 1 and 8 of combination chemotherapy with gemcitabine/carboplatin, or
* Arm B (control arm): gemcitabine/carboplatin combination.

Treatment will continue until objective disease progression, unacceptable toxicity, or the patient's withdrawal of consent.

A survival follow-up period will include the collection of survival, progression of disease if applicable, subsequent anti-cancer therapy every 12 weeks (± 1 week)

Eligibility Criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

1. Female or male, 18 years of age or older.
2. Histologically or cytologically confirmed diagnosis of invasive breast cancer.
3. Metastatic or locally recurrent inoperable breast cancer with no more than one prior systemic therapy.
4. Diagnosis (original primary tumor or subsequent relapse) of triple negative breast cancer, defined as the absence of expression of the following receptors in the primary and/or metastatic tumor tissue:

   * HER2 protein over-expression and/or gene amplification
   * Estrogen receptor (ER), defined as \<1% staining by IHC (2).
   * AND progesterone receptors (PgR), defined as \<1% staining by IHC.
5. Measurable lesion(s) per RECIST 1.1.
6. Available archival or fresh tumor tissue.
7. Adequate performance status (PS) score.
8. Life expectancy of \>12 weeks according to the Investigator's clinical judgment.
9. Females of childbearing potential must have a negative pregnancy test at screening and an additional pregnancy test prior to first dose. Females of childbearing potential must agree to use a highly effective method of contraception during treatment and for at least 6 months after the last dose of study treatment.
10. Adequate laboratory parameters at baseline (obtained \<14 days prior to randomization)
11. Patients must be able to understand and comply with the conditions of the protocol and must have read and understood the consent form and provided written informed consent.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Pregnant or lactating females.
2. Known BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation carrier.
3. Bone as the only site of disease.
4. Presence of untreated symptomatic central nervous system (CNS) metastases as determined by MRI or CT scan performed during screening.
5. Prior radiotherapy to the only area of measurable disease.
6. Prophylactic use of supportive bone-modifying therapy for skeletal-related events (e.g., bisphosphonate, pamidronate, or denosumab), unless treatment is initiated prior to or within 7 days after randomization.
7. History of recent clinical pancreatitis, according to revised Atlanta criteria, within 3 months of randomization.
8. Neurosensory neuropathy \>Grade 2 at baseline.
9. Known history of infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and/or active infection with hepatitis B or hepatitis C.
10. Known hypersensitivity to gemcitabine, platinum compounds or asparaginase.
11. Patients who have received live or live attenuated vaccines within 3 weeks of randomization.
12. Pre-existing coagulopathy (e.g. hemophilia).
13. History of other malignancies except: adequately treated non-melanoma skin cancer, curatively treated in situ cancer of the cervix, or other solid tumors curatively treated with no evidence of disease for \>2 years.
14. Any other severe acute or chronic condition/treatments that may increase the risk of study participation
15. Receiving therapy in a concurrent clinical study. Patients must agree not to participate in any other interventional clinical studies during their participation in this trial while on study treatment. Patients taking part in surveys or observational studies are eligible to participate in this study.