Inducing Self-Dehumanization to Examine Oxytocin and Suicide Risk

The goal of this experiment is to further determine if self-dehumanization is a novel risk factor for suicide. This study will induce self-dehumanization using a novel experimental self-dehumanized future condition (i.e., a futuristic paradigm that likens the individual to a machine) and compare this group to a control group to analyze the pathway between higher perceptions of self-dehumanization, suicidal ideation, and changes in oxytocin concentrations.

It is hypothesized that participants randomly assigned to the self-dehumanized mechanistic future condition will exhibit temporary increases in suicidal ideation (which will be thoroughly assessed, intervened upon following the induction) and decreases in oxytocin concentrations as compared to the control condition, which will not display significant changes. Further, we will explore if the magnitude of the oxytocin response will partially mediate the change in suicidal ideation.

Purpose: Humans are inherently social beings, and the need for belonging and connection is fundamental. Severe perceptions of social exclusion, non-belonging, and isolation can result in significant psychological harm, including suicide, which claims nearly 50,000 lives annually in the U.S. and affects over 13 million individuals through suicidal ideation (SI). A key predictor of SI, thwarted belongingness, arises from feelings of exclusion and non-belonging, yet more specificity is needed to identify the types of non-belonging that contribute most to suicide risk. Self-dehumanization-a perception of oneself as less than human-emerges as a promising factor in understanding and mitigating SI, with empirical evidence linking it to anxiety, depression, suicidal ideation, and social withdrawal. Preliminary research suggests that self-dehumanization is influenced by neurobiological processes, particularly oxytocin, a hormone critical to social connectedness and self-perception. Low oxytocin levels have been linked to self-dehumanization, reduced social reengagement, and heightened suicide risk, highlighting its potential as a target for intervention. Building on these insights, this study will experimentally induce and reduce self-dehumanization to examine its effects on SI and oxytocin levels. Thus, this study will use a self-dehumanization induction to analyze its impact on SI and oxytocin. Findings will provide a novel framework for integrating psychotherapeutic and neurobiological strategies into suicide prevention efforts.

Research Design/Method: The present study will utilize an experimental design with two groups, an experimental self-dehumanization induction group and a comparison control group.

Procedure: All interested participants will be instructed to fill out the screening survey to determine fit. Eligible participants will be invited to complete the study visit in person. Following consent, participants will complete a pre-induction fasted blood draw of 5 milliliters (i.e., approximately a tablespoon of blood). Next, participants will complete the Self-Injurious Thoughts and Behaviors-Short Form interview with the experimenter and a battery of randomized self-report assessments. After completion, participants will fill out a personality inventory distractor. Eligible participants will then be randomly assigned to one of two experimental conditions and provided a futuristic report based upon the false reports of the personality inventory. The two conditions will either be the mechanistic self-dehumanization condition or the control condition. Following this, they will undergo a post-induction 5 milliliter fasted blood draw. They will then complete a post-induction battery of self-report measures. Participants will be queried for any changes in suicide risk and any current suicidal ideation and intent will receive appropriate interventions (e.g., means safety counseling, safety planning). Upon completion participants will be debriefed, provided a brief rehumanization remedy to undo the effects of the self-dehumanized condition, compensated, and provided mental health resources (e.g., the National Suicide Prevention Lifeline). The appointment is expected to take approximately 1.5 hours to complete

Data Analyses: All results will be analyzed in R. First, descriptive statistics and zero-order bivariate correlation analyses will be assessed. For Study 1, repeated measures ANCOVAs will be used to examine group differences (i.e., the active self-dehumanization condition and control condition) in changes in oxytocin levels, self-dehumanization scores, and suicidal ideation, controlling for social isolation (i.e., thwarted belongingness, a factor of the Interpersonal Needs Questionnaire). Post-hoc pairwise comparisons will be conducted if the omnibus test indicates statistically significant effects. Following this, exploratory analyses will be conducted to assess if oxytocin partially mediates the relationship between self-dehumanization pre-experimental manipulation and suicide risk post-experimental manipulation (controlling for suicide risk at pre-experimental manipulation) through bootstrapped mediation procedures (i.e., 10,000 samples using the mediation and lavaan packages in R).

Eligibility Criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

* Between the ages of 18 and 40
* Biological females will be screened to ensure that they have a regular menstrual cycle with a length of 26-30 days and will be scheduled according to their cycle (see Research Strategy for details).
* At least a moderate level of self-dehumanization (i.e., a sum score of 12 or greater out of a possible score of 28) and lifetime suicidal ideation

Exclusion Criteria:

* A phobia of needles (i.e., Trypanophobia)
* Any medical conditions precluding them from engaging in a 10-hour fast (consumption of water is allowed and encouraged)
* Life-threatening suicide risk which would result in taking appropriate steps to ensure safety of the individual (e.g., hospitalization)
* A psychosis-related diagnosis