RADIQAL Study (Radiation Dose and Image Quality Trial)

The Azurion R4.0 is developed by Philips Medical Systems Nederland B.V., a Philips Healthcare company. The Azurion is an interventional X-ray system which is used for live X-ray imaging during invasive cardiac procedures. The proposed Azurion R4.0 includes new x-ray image postprocessing (Xres5) compared to its predecessor, which was equipped with ClarityIQ image post-processing (Xres4).

Azurion R4.0 is a cleared device for EU-MDR and FDA regulated countries.

This is a prospective, randomized, unblinded, comparative, international, multi-center clinical investigation. Randomization will be 1:1 between Xres5 and ClarityIQ (Xres4). Stratification will be performed per site on intended procedure type (based on clinical presentation) and patient BMI.

Primary objective is to demonstrate that in coronary procedures, Xres5 can reduce overall patient radiation dose compared to the current ClarityIQ without affecting procedural performance.

It is expected that 824 subjects (see section 8 Statistical considerations) are necessary to collect sufficient data for the evaluation of the objectives of this clinical study. The enrollment period is expected to last for 12 months. The study will be executed in Spain, Czech republic, Denmark and the US.

The study procedures consist of three main steps: 1) patient screening and written informed consent, 2) baseline assessment and randomization and 3) treatment with the Azurion system with Xres5 \[intervention\] or the standard of care (ClarityIQ/Xres4) \[control\]. Patients will be randomly assigned to either the intervention group or the control group (using the standard of care) in a 1:1 ratio. The coronary procedure will be conducted as per institutional standards and at the discretion of the operator, but the standard image processing will be based on the randomization result. If randomized to the intervention group (Xres5), it will always be possible for the operator to cross over to the standard of care imaging processing (Clarity IQ). For the study sites in EU the primary staff in the intervention room will be wearing electronic staff dosimeters which will log the radiation exposure per staff member per procedure.

After the procedure, characteristics of the patient and procedure are captured in an eCRF. The imaging runs will be uploaded in the cloud after de-identification. After the study the radiation dose (DAP and Air Kerma) will be read out from the system.

The study procedures will end after the coronary procedure is completed. There will be no modifications in the standard of care patient treatment or follow-up.

Eligibility Criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

* Subject will be undergoing a diagnostic angiography and/or coronary intervention /elective PCI.
* Subject is able to give written informed consent.
* Subject is 18 years of age or older, or of legal age to give informed consent per state or national law.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Subject with known contrast allergy that cannot be adequately premedicated.
* Subject with previous contraindication for diagnostic angiography and/or diagnostic/elective PCI.
* Subject participates in a potentially confounding drug or device study during the course of the study.
* All vulnerable subjects such as pregnant or breast-feeding women, or any other subject who meets an exclusion criteria according to applicable national laws, if any.
* Subject unwilling or unable to comply with the protocol and/or unable to understand verbal and/or written informed consent.
* Expected use of non-standard contrast concentrations (e.g. dilution of contrast).