Testing the Combination of Targeted Radiotherapy With Anti-Cancer Drugs, Venetoclax and ASTX-727, to Improve Outcomes for Adults With Newly Diagnosed Acute Myeloid Leukemia

This phase I trial tests the safety, side effects, and best dose of lintuzumab-Ac225 in combination with venetoclax and ASTX-727, and how well they work in treating patients with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Lintuzumab-Ac225 is a monoclonal antibody, called lintuzumab, linked to a radioactive agent called actinium Ac 225. Lintuzumab attaches to CD33 positive cancer cells in a targeted way and delivers actinium Ac 225 to kill them. Venetoclax is in a class of medications called B-cell lymphoma-2 (BCL-2) inhibitors. It may stop the growth of cancer cells by blocking Bcl-2, a protein needed for cancer cell survival. ASTX-727 is a combination of two drugs, cedazuridine and decitabine. Cedazuridine is in a class of medications called cytidine deaminase inhibitors. It prevents the breakdown of decitabine, making it more available in the body so that decitabine will have a greater effect. Decitabine is in a class of medications called hypomethylation agents. It works by helping the bone marrow produce normal blood cells and by killing abnormal cells in the bone marrow. Giving lintuzumab-Ac225 in combination with venetoclax and ASTX-727 may be safe and tolerable in treating patients with newly diagnosed AML and may improve the chance of going into remission and staying in remission for a longer period of time.

PRIMARY OBJECTIVE:

I. To determine recommended phase 2 dose (RP2D) of actinium Ac 225 lintuzumab (lintuzumab-Ac225) when used in combination with venetoclax and decitabine and cedazuridine (ASTX-727).

SECONDARY OBJECTIVES:

I. To determine the maximum tolerated dose of lintuzumab-Ac225 when used in combination with venetoclax and ASTX-727.

II. To describe the frequency and severity of adverse events of patients treated on study, including cytopenia and organ toxicity after second dose of lintuzumab-Ac225.

III. To determine the rate and time to complete remission (CR), complete remission with incomplete hematologic recovery (Cri), and complete remission with partial hematologic recovery (CRh).

IV. To determine the rate and time to achieve CR/Cri/CRh without minimal residual disease (MRD) by multiparameter flow cytometry (MFC).

V. To determine the duration of remission, event-free and overall survival of patients.

VI. To evaluate and compare the clinical activity and toxicity between two lintuzumab-Ac225 administration schedules.

EXPLORATORY OBJECTIVES:

I. To correlate CD33 expression on AML cells with response to lintuzumab-Ac225 in combination with venetoclax and ASTX-727.

II. To evaluate CD33 isoforms as a variable for response to lintuzumab-Ac225 combination with venetoclax and ASTX-727.

OUTLINE: This is a dose-escalation study of lintuzumab-Ac225 in combination with venetoclax and ASTX-727, followed by a dose-expansion study. During dose-escalation phase, patients are randomized to 1 of 2 schedules. If both schedules are used in dose expansion phase, patients are randomized either of the 2 schedules.

SCHEDULE 1:

INDUCTION: Patients receive lintuzumab-Ac225 intravenously (IV) over 30 minutes on day 8, venetoclax orally (PO) once daily (QD) on days 1-28 and ASTX-727 PO QD on days 1-5 of cycle 1.

RE-INDUCTION: Patients with CR, partial response (PR) or no response (NR) after cycle 1 receive lintuzumab-Ac225 IV over 30 minutes on day 8, venetoclax PO QD on days 1-28 and ASTX-727 PO QD on days 1-5 of cycle 2.

MAINTENANCE/CONSOLIDATION: Patients with CRi, CRh, or morphologic leukemia-free state (MLFS) after cycle 1 receive venetoclax PO QD on days 1-28 and ASTX-727 PO QD on days 1-5 of each cycle. Cycles repeat every 28 days in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.

Additionally, patients undergo bone marrow aspiration and biopsy and blood sample collection throughout the study.

SCHEDULE 2:

INDUCTION: Patients receive lintuzumab-Ac225 V over 30 minutes on day 1, venetoclax PO QD on days 1-28 and ASTX-727 PO QD on days 1-5 of cycle 1.

RE-INDUCTION: Patients with CR, PR or NR receive lintuzumab-Ac225 IV over 30 minutes on day 1, venetoclax PO QD on days 1-28 and ASTX-727 PO QD on days 1-5 of cycle 2.

MAINTENANCE/CONSOLIDATION: Patients with CRi, CRh, or MLFS after cycle 1 receive venetoclax PO QD on days 1-28 and ASTX-727 PO QD on days 1-5 of each cycle. Cycles repeat every 28 days in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.

Additionally, patients undergo bone marrow aspiration and biopsy and blood sample collection throughout the study.

After completion of study treatment, patients are followed up every 3 months for up to 3 years.

Eligibility Criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

* Patients must have histologically or cytologically confirmed diagnosis of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) according to 2022 World Health Organization (WHO) criteria
* In the treating physician's opinion, the patient should not be treated with intensive chemotherapy due to frailty or comorbidities that would increase the risk for adverse outcomes
* Evidence of CD33 expression of any level on AML blasts as determined by local assessment (only for dose expansion cohort)
* No prior chemotherapy for antecedent myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and/or myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN), including lenalidomide and Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors
* Age ≥18 years. Because no dosing or adverse event data are currently available on the use of linituzumab-Ac-225 in combination with venetoclax and ASTX-727 in patients \< 18 years of age, children are excluded from this study
* Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status 0-3 (Karnofsky ≥ 60%). For patients with ECOG performance status of 3, the decline in status should be due to AML per investigator's determination
* Total bilirubin ≤ institutional upper limit of normal (ULN) unless considered due to Gilbert syndrome
* Aspartate aminotransferase (AST)(serum gluatmic oxaloacetic transaminase \[SGOT\])/alanine aminotransferase (ALT)(serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase \[SGPT\]) ≤ 3 x institutional ULN
* Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) ≥ 60 ml/min/1.73 m\^2
* Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients on effective anti-retroviral therapy with undetectable viral load within 6 months are eligible for this trial
* For patients with evidence of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, the HBV viral load must be undetectable on suppressive therapy, if indicated
* Patients with a history of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection must have been treated and cured. For patients with HCV infection who are currently on treatment, they are eligible if they have an undetectable HCV viral load
* Patients with a prior or concurrent malignancy whose natural history or treatment does not have the potential to interfere with the safety or efficacy assessment of the investigational regimen are eligible for this trial
* Patients with known history or current symptoms of cardiac disease, or history of treatment with cardiotoxic agents, should have a clinical risk assessment of cardiac function using the New York Heart Association (NYHA) Functional Classification. Patients with heart failure must have NYHA functional class congestive heart failure (CHF) II or below to be eligible
* Hydroxyurea, cytarabine or leukopheresis are allowed for management of hyperleukocytosis, before initiation of study therapy. All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) given emergently for suspected acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is also allowed. White blood cell (WBC) count must be \< 25 x 10\^9/L to start on study therapy per venetoclax label. Hydroxyurea and ATRA may be administered up to one day prior to start of study treatment
* Ability to understand and the willingness to sign a written informed consent document. Legally authorized representatives may sign and give informed consent on behalf of study participants

Exclusion Criteria:

* Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL)
* Active central nervous system (CNS) involvement of AML requiring therapy
* Prior therapy with radiopharmaceuticals or external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) in the last 6 months
* Previous therapy with venetoclax or other BCL-2 directed therapy
* Receiving any other investigational agents
* History of allergic reactions attributed to compounds of similar chemical or biologic composition to venetoclax or ASTX-727
* Uncontrolled intercurrent illness or any other significant condition(s) that would make participation in this protocol unreasonably hazardous per investigators opinion
* Pregnant women are excluded from this study because lintuzumab-Ac225 is a radiotherapy agent with the potential for teratogenic or abortifacient effects. Because there is an unknown but potential risk for adverse events in nursing infants secondary to treatment of the mother with lintuzumab-Ac225, breastfeeding should be discontinued if the mother is treated with lintuzumab-Ac225. These potential risks may also apply to other agents used in this study

  * Women of child-bearing potential must agree to use adequate contraception (hormonal birth control or abstinence) prior to study entry and for the duration of study participation, and for 6 months following completion of study treatment. Should a woman become pregnant or suspect she is pregnant while she or her partner is participating in this study, she should inform her treating physician immediately. Men treated or enrolled on this protocol must also agree to use adequate contraception (latex or synthetic condom or abstinence) prior to the study, for the duration of study participation, and 3 months after completion of the study
* Patients unable to swallow tablets/capsules and patients with malabsorption syndrome or other conditions that may interfere with the oral administration of medications are not eligible
* Patients who have had chemotherapy, targeted small molecule therapy (aside from imatinib, dasatinib, or nilotinib, hydroxyurea, cytarabine or ATRA),within 4 weeks (6 weeks for nitrosoureas or mitomycin C) prior to entering the study are not eligible
* Prior allogenic stem cell transplant
* Patients who received a live vaccine within 30 days of planned start of study therapy

  * NOTE: Seasonal influenza vaccines for injection are generally inactivated flu vaccines and are allowed; however intranasal influenza vaccines (e.g., Flu-Mist, registered trademark) are live attenuated vaccines, and are not allowed
* Patients who have consumed grapefruit, grapefruit products, Seville oranges (including marmalade containing Seville oranges) or starfruit within 3 days prior to the initiation of study treatment and are unwilling to discontinue consumption of these throughout the receipt of study drugs
* Patients who are unable to take spironolactone or eplerenone due to intolerance, allergy, drug-drug interactions, or for any other reason