A Phase 2 Study to Evaluate the Microbiology, Safety and Tolerability of C16G2 Varnish and Strip in Adolescent and Adult Subjects

An open-label and single-blind phase 2 study to evaluate the oral microbiology, safety and tolerability of multiple C16G2 Varnish and Strip applications in male and female dental subjects 12-75 years of age. The study will compare multiple study drug administrations of C16G2 Varnish and/or C16G2 Strip in three study arms.

In Study Arm 1 eight subjects will be enrolled in an open-label manner and will receive a daily dose of C16G2 Varnish application over 3 days followed by 14 doses of C16G2 Strip administered over 7 days. Following the three C16G2 Varnish applications, each subject will receive 7 days of AM and PM dosing with C16G2 Strip and will be followed for microbiology for up to 2 months after the last study drug administration.

Study Arm 2 will enroll 12 subjects in a single-blind manner. Subjects will receive four C16G2 Varnish or Placebo applications over 7 days, followed by 3 additional weekly varnish administrations. Subjects will be followed for microbiology for up to 2 months after the last study drug administration.The treatment allocation will be 1:1 (6 subjects receiving C16G2 Varnish, 6 subjects receiving Placebo).

Study Arm 3 will be initiated based on the Sponsor's review of all microbiology data up to two week post last study drug administration from Study Arm 2. If initiated, Study Arm 3 will enroll 6 subjects in an open-label manner. Subjects will receive daily single doses of C16G2 Varnish over 10 days, for a total of 10 doses and will be followed for microbiology for up to 2 months after the last study drug administration.

An open-label and single-blind phase 2 study to evaluate the oral microbiology, safety and tolerability of multiple C16G2 Varnish and Strip applications in male and female dental subjects 12-75 years of age.

The study will compare multiple study drug administrations of 13.6 milligrams (mg) of C16G2 Varnish and 9.2 mg of C16G2 Strip in three study arms. Before dosing of study drug, eligible subjects will receive professional dental prophylaxis between Days -7 and -2.

In Study Arm 1 eight subjects will be enrolled in an open-label manner and will receive a daily dose of C16G2 Varnish application over 3 days followed by 14 doses of C16G2 Strip administered over 7 days. C16G2 Varnish will be applied with a small brush typically used in dental varnish administration. Following the three C16G2 Varnish applications, each subject will receive 7 days of AM and PM dosing with C16G2 Strip. To evaluate the durability of S. mutans suppression, study subjects will be followed for microbiology for up to 2 months after the last study drug administration.

Study Arm 2 will enroll 12 subjects in a single-blind manner. Subjects will receive four C16G2 Varnish or Placebo applications over 7 days (Days 0, 2, 5 \& 7), followed by 3 additional weekly varnish administrations. The treatment allocation will be 1:1 (6 subjects receiving C16G2 Varnish, 6 subjects receiving Placebo). To evaluate the durability of S. mutans suppression, study subjects will be followed for microbiology for up to 2 months after the last study drug administration.

Study Arm 3 will be initiated based on the Sponsor's review of all microbiology data up to two week post last study drug administration from Study Arm 2.

If initiated, Study Arm 3 will enroll 6 subjects in an open-label manner. Subjects will receive daily single doses of C16G2 Varnish over 10 days, for a total of 10 doses. To evaluate the durability of S. mutans suppression, study subjects will be followed for microbiology for up to 2 months after the last study drug administration.

Clinic visits in Study Arm 1 include Visit 1 (Screening/Days -30 to -1), Visit 2 (Prophylaxis/Day -7 to -2), Eligibility Confirmation, Baseline \& First C16G2 Varnish Dosing at Visit 3, Visits 4 \& 5 (C16G2 Varnish Administration), Visits 6-19 (AM \& PM C16G2 Strip Administration), Follow-up Visits 20 \& 21 (Safety and Microbiology) and Follow-up Visits 22-24 (Microbiology only).

Clinic visits in Study Arm 2 include Visit 1 (Screening/Days -30 to -1), Visit 2 (Prophylaxis/Day -7 to -2), Eligibility Confirmation, Baseline \& First C16G2 Varnish or Placebo Dosing at Visit 3, Visits 4-9 (C16G2 Varnish or Placebo Administration), Follow-up Visits 10 \& 11 (Safety and Microbiology) and Follow-up Visits 12-14 (Microbiology only).

Clinic visits in Study Arm 3 include Clinic Visit 1 (Screening/Days -30 to -1), Visit 2 (Prophylaxis/Day -7 to -2), Eligibility Confirmation, Baseline \& First C16G2 Varnish Dosing at Visit 3, Visits 4-12 (C16G2 Varnish Administration), Follow-up Visits 13 \& 14 (Safety and Microbiology) and Follow-up Visits 15-17 (Microbiology only).

Eligibility Criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

1. Males and females, 12-75 years of age
2. Adults subjects provide written informed consent and adolescent subjects give written or verbal assent, as appropriate, and parent(s) or legal guardian(s) give written informed consent
3. Female subjects of childbearing potential must agree to use one of the following forms of contraception from screening through the last study visit: hormonal (oral, implant, or injection) begun \>30 days prior to screening; barrier (condom, diaphragm, or cervical cap with spermicide); intrauterine device (IUD). Acceptable contraceptive options may also include abstinence, relationship with a same sex partner or partner who has had a vasectomy at least six (6) months prior to the screening visit
4. Negative urine pregnancy test in all females of childbearing potential (past menarche)
5. Male subjects of sexual activity age: willing to use contraception or abstain from sexual activity beginning with the first exposure to study drug and continuing until discharged from the study due to completion or Early Termination
6. Healthy, as determined by the Investigator (in consultation with the Medical Monitor, as needed), based on medical and dental history, concurrent illnesses, laboratory results, concomitant medications, oral cavity assessment, and targeted physical examination (general, extraoral, head and neck) during Screening.

   Note: Subjects on a stable dose of medication may be eligible for screening and will be assessed by the medical monitor on a case-by-case basis.
7. Have a minimum of 12 bicuspids and molars with a minimum of 8 molars and bicuspids NOT having restorations, crowns or sealants
8. Demonstrated ability to expectorate ≥2 mL of stimulated saliva in 5 minutes
9. Have a salivary S. mutans of 1.0 x 10\^5 CFUs/mL or greater at Screening using mitis salivarius-bacitracin (MSB) agar plating
10. Willing to refrain from using non-study dentifrice and other non-study oral care products (oral care rinses, fluoride products, etc.) during the study
11. Willing to postpone elective dental procedures (e.g., dental cleanings) between Screening and final post-treatment visit (End of Study or Early Termination)
12. Willing and able to comply with oral hygiene and diet instructions
13. Able to communicate with the Investigator/study center personnel, understand and comply with the study requirements, and willing to return for protocol-specified visits at the appointed times

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Advanced periodontal disease
2. Active caries lesion(s) within 30 days prior to study drug administration (confirmed by comprehensive caries examination including standard radiographs). Subjects presenting with insipient, non-cavitated lesion(s) are not excluded.

   Note: If radiographs are deemed appropriate for the study and taken within 6 months prior to the Screening visit, these may be used for determining eligibility and are not required to be repeated at Screening
3. Partially erupted teeth where the entire crown is not erupted or an operculum is present
4. Medical condition (e.g., artificial heart valve, history of infective endocarditis, cardiac transplant with valvular dysfunction, congenital heart disease or total joint replacement) for which antibiotics are recommended prior to dental visits and/or procedures
5. Pathologic lesions of the oral cavity (suspicious or confirmed)
6. Full dentures or permanent orthodontic appliances, e.g., braces, buccal or lingual brackets. Note: Partial dentures, removable retainers and night guards are not excluded, provided that they are cleaned regularly throughout the duration of the study
7. Use of systemic antibiotics, topical oral antibiotics, any immunosuppressant therapy, and steroids, beginning 30 days prior to Screening until the end of study participation
8. Medical history indicating the woman is pregnant, breastfeeding/lactating or has a positive urine pregnancy test
9. Participation in a clinical trial or receipt of a non-FDA approved therapy within 30 days prior to study drug administration (depending on the specifics, participation in an observational study is not necessarily excluded)
10. Participation in a previous C16G2 clinical trial having received either C16G2 Strip, C16G2 Varnish or Placebo Varnish
11. Presence of any condition or concurrent illness, which in the opinion of the Investigator, would compromise normal immune function (e.g., diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, liver disease, organ transplant, etc.), interfere with the use of study dentifrice and oral care products, or interfere with the ability to comply with study requirements, or jeopardize the safety of the subject or the validity of the study results