Short-Term vs. Long-Term Valganciclovir Therapy for Symptomatic Congenital CMV Infections

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is known to cause hearing loss and mental retardation. The purpose of this study is to compare a 6-week course to a 6-month course of the drug valganciclovir in babies born with CMV to assess the safety and efficacy of this treatment. Participants will include 104 infants (30 days old or younger) born with CMV disease. All infants will take valganciclovir by mouth for 6 weeks. At the end of the 6 week period, subjects will be assigned by chance to receive either valganciclovir or placebo (inactive substance) to complete the 6 months of antiviral treatment. Patients will be followed for the study related evaluations of safety, changes to hearing, and developmental milestones for up to 2 years. Patients will be followed by telephone contact for an additional 3 years. Thus, participants may be involved in study related procedures for approximately 5 years.

This study is a multi-center, prospective, international, Phase III, randomized and blinded investigation of 6 weeks versus 6 months of oral valganciclovir therapy in babies with symptomatic congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease. Following enrollment, study subjects will receive 6 weeks of oral valganciclovir. Near the end of the 6-week course, subjects will be randomized in a 1:1 fashion either to continue on valganciclovir to complete 6 months of therapy or to begin a matching placebo to complete the 6 months. Study subjects will be stratified according to whether or not there is central nervous system (CNS) involvement at study entry. During the 6-month treatment period and the 1 month thereafter, study subjects will be followed weekly for 4 weeks, then every other week for 8 weeks, then every month for 4 months. At each of these visits, safety labs will be checked, growth parameters recorded, and adverse events assessed. The dose of study medication will be adjusted for weight gain at each of these study visits. Dose adjustments may also occur as indicated per protocol for neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, or renal impairment. Whole blood will be obtained for CMV viral load at each of these visits as well. Hearing outcomes will be assessed at baseline, 6 months, 12 months and 24 months. Developmental outcomes will be assessed at 12 months and 24 months. Changes in whole blood viral load measurements will be correlated with both hearing and neurologic outcomes. In study subjects with increasing whole blood viral loads during the course of treatment, assessment for antiviral resistance may be undertaken.Safety assessments include: hematology labs, chemistry labs, physical examinations, and adverse event data performed/collected serially. Development of neutropenia will be confirmed by repeat blood testing within one week, and study drug will be held until it resolves. Efficacy assessments include: hearing assessments at baseline, 6 months, 12 months and 24 months; and neurodevelopmental assessments at 12 months and 24 months. Study objectives are: to compare the impact on hearing outcomes of 6 weeks versus 6 months of antiviral treatment with valganciclovir oral solution in infants with symptomatic congenital CMV disease; to compare the safety profile of 6 weeks versus 6 months of antiviral therapy with valganciclovir oral solution in infants with symptomatic congenital CMV disease; to compare the impact on neurologic outcomes of 6 weeks versus 6 months of antiviral treatment with valganciclovir oral solution in infants with symptomatic congenital CMV disease; and to correlate change in whole blood viral load with hearing and neurologic outcomes. Participants will include 104 male and female neonates (less than or equal to 30 days) with symptomatic congenital CMV.

Eligibility Criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

* Signed informed consent from parent(s) or legal guardian(s)
* Confirmation of cytomegalovirus (CMV) from urine or throat swab specimens by culture, shell vial, or polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests
* Symptomatic congenital CMV disease, as manifest by one or more of the following:

  1. Thrombocytopenia
  2. Petechiae
  3. Hepatomegaly
  4. Splenomegaly
  5. Intrauterine growth restriction
  6. Hepatitis (elevated transaminases and/or bilirubin)
  7. Central nervous system (CNS) involvement of the CMV disease \[such as microcephaly, radiographic abnormalities indicative of CMV CNS disease, abnormal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) indices for age, chorioretinitis, hearing deficits as detected by formal brainstem evoked response (not a screening auditory brainstem response {ABR}), and/or positive CMV PCR from CSF\]
* Less than or equal to 30 days of age at study enrollment
* Weight at study enrollment greater than or equal to 1800 grams
* Gestational age greater than or equal to 32 weeks at birth

Exclusion Criteria:

* Imminent demise
* Patients receiving other antiviral agents or immune globulin
* Gastrointestinal abnormality which might preclude absorption of an oral medication (e.g., a history of necrotizing enterocolitis)
* Documented renal insufficiency, as noted by a creatinine clearance less than 10 mL/min/1.73m\^2 at time of study enrollment
* Breastfeeding from mother who is receiving ganciclovir, valganciclovir, foscarnet, cidofovir, or maribivir
* Infants known to be born to women who are human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive (but HIV testing is not required for study entry)
* Current receipt of other investigational drugs