Study of Lopinavir/ Ritonavir and Lamivudine Versus Standard Therapy in Naïve HIV-1 Infected Subjects.

The purpose of this study is designed to compare the safety, tolerability, antiviral activity and immunological effect of lopinavir/ritonavir plus lamivudine (3TC) versus standard therapy with 2 nucleoside/nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) plus lopinavir/ritonavir in the treatment of naïve HIV-1 infected subjects.

Combination therapy with 2 nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI) plus a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) or a protease inhibitor (PI) has been the mainstay of therapy for over 10 years, based on sound evidence derived from randomized controlled clinical trials and epidemiological data.A variety of new approaches designed to address the problems associated with combination highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) are currently being explored. These include strategic treatment interruptions to reduce time on therapy, toxicity and cost;Based on its performance, a dual drug combination that includes lopinavir/ritonavir and spares the more toxic NRTIs such as thymidine nucleoside-analogs, but maintains non-thymidine nucleoside-analogs appears as a potentially simple, safe and effective regimen.

Eligibility Criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

1. \> 18 years of age.
2. Patient with documented HIV-1 infection
3. Subject has voluntarily signed and dated an informed consent form
4. Subject agrees not to take any medication during the study, including over the counter medicines or herbal preparations, without the approval of the trial physician.
5. Documented HIV-1 RNA \>1,000 copies/mL
6. Subject naïve to ARV. (Patients who had received ARV ≤ 48 hours are allowed).
7. Subject has indication to receive an antiretroviral regimen.
8. Subjects can comply with protocol requirements.
9. Subject's general medical condition, in the investigator's opinion, does not interfere with assessments and completion of the trial.
10. If female, :

    1. use 2 different methods of birth control including, at least, one barrier method, and are acceptable to both the subject and investigator, and
    2. has a urine pregnancy test performed at the Screening Visit and on Baseline. Results of both tests must be negative.
    3. continue using 2 different methods of birth control including, at least, one barrier method for at least 30 days after the end of the treatment period

Exclusion Criteria:

* 1. Evidence of viral resistance against lopinavir/ritonavir, and/or FTC or 3TC, and/or other nucleoside analogues based on the genotype resistance test performed at screening, considering resistance according to the panel IAS - USA, version in December, 2009.

  2. The presence of any of the following major mutations: V32I; I47V / A; L76V; V82A/F/T/S or the presence of two or more minor mutations at positions:10,20,24,33,46,50,53,54,63,71,73,84,90 is considered resistance to lopinavir/ritonavir.

  3. The presence of mutation M184V/I and/or K65R is considered resistance to 3TC or FTC. At the discretion of the investigator and based on the resistance test, a treatment based on lopinavir / ritonavir, plus 3TC or FTC and other similar nucleoside / nucleotide active could not be constructed.

  4. Previously documented HIV-2 infection. 5. Use of disallowed concomitant therapy 6. Patient has a current (active) diagnosis of acute hepatitis due to any cause OR chronic Hepatitis C WITH aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and/or alanine aminotransferase (ALT) \>5 x upper limit of normal (ULN) AND/OR is likely to require treatment in the next year.

  7. Active Hepatitis B infection (regardless of stage of infection). 8. Any active clinically significant disease . 9. Subject has a currently active AIDS defining illness (Category C)30 days of screening. Subjects who are on stable maintenance therapy for an opportunistic infection may be enrolled.

  10. Life expectancy \< 1 year according to the judgment of the investigator. 11. Screening laboratory analysis shows any of the following abnormal laboratory results:

  a. Hemoglobin \< 8.0 g/dL b. Absolute neutrophil count \< 750 cells/µL c. Platelet count \< 50,000 mm3 d. Creatinine\> 1.5 times the normal upper limit. 12. Subject enrolled in other clinical trials . 13. Use of any investigational agents within 30 days prior to screening. 14. Use of immunosuppressive drugs, cytokine inhibitors or other cytokines in the last year.

  15. Active substance use or abuse that the investigator determines may significantly interfere with study procedures 16. Any condition (including but not limited to alcohol and drug use) which in the opinion of the investigator, could compromise the subject's safety or adherence to the protocol.

  17. Subject is pregnant or breast-feeding.