Management of Deep Carious Lesions in Adults

Dental caries is one of the most prevalent non-communicable disease. However, despite its prevalence there is no consensus on how much caries to remove prior to placing a restoration to achieve optimal outcomes. Evidence for selective compared to complete nonselective excavation suggests there may be benefit for selective removal in sustaining tooth vitality while histological studies reveal that the remaining dentine is actually infected and may cause loss of vitality in long term.

The aim of this study is to randomly compare selective to non-elective excavation methods in carious mature permanent teeth with symptoms of reversible pulpitis

The aim of this study is to randomly compare selective to nonselective excavation methods in carious mature permanent teeth with symptoms of reversible pulpitis over 4 years.

Cases will be collected from the initial treatment unit and the undergraduate clinics over a 8 months' period, the minimum sample size required is 120 teeth in 120 patients for an assumed difference of 20% in the success rate and accounting for 20% wear rate in the follow up, randomization will be performed using tabular randomization. Intensity of pulp symptoms will be recorded, patient's description of sensitivity to hot/cold/sweet lasting up to 15-20s and settling spontaneously are considered mild, while increased pain for more than several minutes and needing pain killers are considered severe.

Inclusion criteria:

* The patient age (16-60) years old
* Non -contributory medical history
* Deep caries extending\>= 2/3 of dentine but not exposing the pulp on the radiograph
* The tooth should give positive response to cold testing
* Clinical diagnosis of reversible pulpitis
* The tooth is restorable, probing pocket depth and mobility are within normal limits
* No signs of pulpal necrosis including sinus tract or swelling
* No radiographic evidence of periapical changes indicative of apical periodontitis

Preoperative pulpal and periapical diagnosis will be established after clinical examination including soft tissue palpation, percussion, and cold testing (, and digital periapical and bitewing radiographs will be taken using film holders and a paralleling technique.

Baseline characteristics of the patient (age, gender) and the treated tooth (number, position, caries extension) will be recorded. Each tooth will be randomly allocated for the choice of treatment with selective or nonselective caries excavation according to a random sequence number generator.

Clinical procedure: The clinical procedure will be performed by one calibrated postgraduate student under supervision. The tooth will be anesthetized with , rubber dam will be applied and the tooth crown will be disinfected with 5% NaOCl before caries excavation; The cases will be divided randomly into:

Group 1: One-stage selective carious-tissue removal to soft or firm dentine, using carbon-steel rose- head burs (ash instruments) in a slow speed headpiece, the excavation end point is the detection of leathery dentine using a sharp dental explorer and excavator.

Group 2: Non-selective carious-tissue removal. The tooth will be isolated with rubber dam and disinfected with NaOCl. Complete caries excavation will be removed from the entire cavity, inspection under the microscope will be done to identify pulp exposure. If no pulp exposure is evident Biodentine will be placed and the cavity will be restored with composite. If pulp exposure occurred, and it is bleeding normally and uniformly red with no zones of degeneration or necrosis then direct pulp capping will be the choice of the treatment. The bleeding will be controlled via gentle pressure with a cotton pellet soaked with 2.5% NaOCl over the pulpal wound for 2 minutes and repeated if required up to 5 times.

In both groups, 2mm of Biodentine will be used and vitrebond will be placed as a liner on top, this will be followed by etching with 37% orthophosphoric acid, rinsing with water, and then bonding with adhesive followed by the placement of resin composite. Flowable composites will be used in deep cavities if needed. Clinical and radiographic success will be evaluated at 6 months, 1 year, 2 years and 4 years postoperatively.

Eligibility Criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

* The patient age (16-60) years old
* Non -contributory medical history
* Deep caries extending\>= 2/3 of dentine but not exposing the pulp on the radiograph
* The tooth should give positive response to cold testing
* Clinical diagnosis of reversible pulpitis
* The tooth is restorable, probing pocket depth and mobility are within normal limits
* No signs of pulpal necrosis including sinus tract or swelling
* No radiographic evidence of periapical changes indicative of apical periodontitis

Exclusion Criteria:

* Immature roots
* caries exposing the pulp on radiograph
* symptoms of irreversible pulpits
* In ability to control bleeding after pulp exposure