Trial of Immediate Versus Delayed Initiation of Transdermal Hormonal Contraception After Therapeutic Abortion

This is a randomized, controlled trial investigating whether immediate versus standard, "Sunday Start", initiation of transdermal hormonal contraception (the patch) in post-abortion subjects can improve compliance and the continuation of contraception. Immediate initiation of the patch has been studied in women seeking contraception when they are not immediately post-abortion, and this "Quick Start" method has been shown to improve the continuation of the patch into a second month. The primary hypothesis of this study is that immediate initiation of the patch in post-abortal women will improve the continuation of contraception over delayed initiation on the first Sunday after an abortion.

The United States has a higher rate of unintended pregnancy than Canada or any other developed nation in Europe. Hormonal contraception is the most common method of contraception used in this country. Perfect use can lead to failure rates as low as 0.1% per year. Actual failure rates are much higher, often due to non-compliance with contraception use. Several recent studies have examined the "Quick Start", or initiation of hormonal contraception (OCPs and patch) in front of the provider while still at the clinic, regardless of time in the cycle. These studies have shown that women who placed the first patch in the clinic were more likely to continue the patch into the second month. Women who are seen in clinics for a therapeutic abortion (TAB) are often at extremely high risk for another unintended/unwanted pregnancy. If compliance in patch use could be improved in this group of women, unintended/unwanted pregnancy rates could be reduced. One concern about the "Quick Start" technique is that women may have already ovulated or conceived when the patch is initiated mid-cycle. In the post-abortal setting, this is not a concern. Applying the "Quick Start" technique to post-abortion patients and having women place the first patch while still in the clinic after their abortion may improve compliance and continuation of patch use.

This is a prospective, randomized, controlled trial in post-abortal women, and will last approximately 24 months. All of the study subjects will receive a month's worth of the patch and a one-year prescription after their TAB. The women in the immediate start arm will then place their first patch in the clinic, observed by clinic staff, before leaving. The controls will be instructed to place the first patch on the first Sunday following their abortion. All subjects will receive the same medication with the only difference being the timing of initiation of the patch. Measurements of continuation will be determined by telephone interviews administered at two and six months after the subjects' abortion.

Eligibility Criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

* Any woman aged 13-45 who presents to the Women's Options Clinic and desires to use the patch for post-abortion contraception.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Gestational age above 23 weeks and 1 day.
* Any absolute contraindication for patch use (smoking \> 20 cigarettes a day over age 35, history of venous thromboembolic event or pulmonary embolism, history of or current ischemic heart disease, history of stroke, vascular disease, complicated valvular heart disease \[pulmonary hypertension, atrial fibrillation, history of subacute bacterial endocarditis\], severe hypertension with blood pressure \>160/100, migraines with focal neurologic symptoms, current breast cancer, active viral hepatitis, severe cirrhosis, or benign or malignant liver tumors).
* Patients who speak languages other than English or Spanish.
* Patients who do not have a phone or who have a phone where any contact might compromise the confidentiality of their abortions.