Safety Study of FluMist With and Without Ampligen

The purpose of this study is to evaluate FluMist with and without Ampligen in healthy volunteers.

Influenza epidemics continue to represent a significant medical problem in the developed as well as the developing world. Even with existing vaccines, annual influenza epidemics typically results in 20-50 million cases, resulting in 30,000-40,000 deaths in the U.S. alone. A possible pandemic could have even more devastating consequences. Current vaccines have a number of disadvantages including slow and expensive manufacturing, and a relative lack of efficacy in elderly, children and immune-compromised populations. These disadvantages would be multiplied during a pandemic. Use of Ampligen® as an adjuvant combined with FluMist® has a number of potential advantages as compared to traditional inactivated vaccines: it is simpler to administer (intranasally), generation of a broader immunity at the natural site of entry of the influenza virus as well as systemic immunity (and hence should be more efficacious than traditional vaccines) and may stimulate cross-protection against pre-pandemic H5N1 and/or H7N9 avian influenza strains. As FluMist®, due to its intranasal administration, imitates the natural entry of the influenza virus, it will generate local 'first-line' immunity as well as the traditional systemic immunity; therefore, at least theoretically provide greater protection than injectable vaccines.

Eligibility Criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

1. Males and females in good general health, 19 to 49 years of age.
2. Subjects must provide written informed consent.
3. Subjects must be willing to participate through study completion.
4. Have not been vaccinated for influenza virus in the current season or had a known influenza virus infection in the current season
5. Subjects must be willing to undergo nasal washes and provide parotid saliva, urine and blood samples per protocol for safety and immunogenicity analyses.
6. Females of childbearing potential must have a negative urine pregnancy test.
7. A female volunteer must:

   * Agree to consistently use effective contraception from at least 21 days prior to enrollment through the Day 84 clinic visit for sexual activity that could lead to pregnancy;
   * Effective contraception is defined as using any of the following methods:

     * condoms (male or female) with or without spermicide,
     * diaphragm or cervical cap with spermicide,
     * intrauterine device (IUD),
     * hormonal contraception, or
     * successful vasectomy in the male partner (considered successful if a volunteer reports that a male partner has \[1\] documentation of azoospermia by microscopy or \[2\] a vasectomy more than 2 years ago with no resultant pregnancy despite sexual activity post-vasectomy);
   * Or not be of reproductive potential, such as having reached menopause (no menses for 1 year) or having undergone hysterectomy, bilateral oophorectomy, or tubal ligation;
   * Or be sexually abstinent;
   * Volunteers who were born female must also agree not to seek pregnancy through alternative methods, such as artificial insemination or in vitro fertilization, until after the Day 84 clinical visit.
8. Screening Laboratory Inclusion Criteria. Screening values must be within Institutional Normal Range, unless they are not clinically significant (i.e. values do not reach the threshold for mild (Grade 1) or higher toxicity as defined in Appendix D). Repeat laboratory testing may be performed at the discretion of the clinical investigators for spurious results on a case by case basis.
9. Subjects must weigh at least 120 pounds at screening

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Pregnant or lactating women.
2. Any flu/cold, or respiratory tract symptoms and/or fever greater than 101 ºF in the 3 days prior to study enrollment and/or initial vaccination.
3. Any intranasal medication administered in the 10 days prior to study enrollment and/or initial vaccination.
4. History of Bell's palsy, significant cardiac history including history of arrhythmias, coagulopathy, history of cardiovascular accident, bone marrow diseases, known or suspected, autoimmune diseases (such as but not limited to psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, vasculitis, Raynaud's phenomenon, rhabdomyolysis and myositis, nephritis, systemic lupus erythematosus and sarcoidosis, hemolytic anemia) and any history of malignancy.
5. History of chronic rhinitis or presence of pre-existing nasal septal defect, nasal polyps or other gross abnormalities that might impact vaccine administration, or any previous nasal cautery or significant surgery for nasal septal defects.
6. Any regular past or current use of intranasal illicit drugs, or a history of intravenous illicit drug use.
7. Asthma, or other chronic respiratory disorders, of any severity, even if mild.
8. Reactive HBVsAg or reactive HCV Ab.
9. HIV positive by history or by screening test.
10. History of alcohol or other substance abuse, or history of depression or suicidal ideation, or a suicide attempt within two (2) years of screening. A score of 5 or greater on the PHQ-9 at Baseline indicates symptoms of depression and will exclude subject. A score of greater than zero on question nine (9) of the PHQ-9 at Baseline indicates suicidal ideation and will exclude subject.
11. Immunosuppressed, altered or compromised immune status as a consequence of disease (i.e. asplenia, recurrent severe infections) or chronic treatment (more than 14 days) with systemic corticosteroids (including inhaled or intranasally-administered drugs), alkylating drugs, anti-metabolites, radiation, or other immunosuppressive therapies within the preceding 6 months.
12. Administration of immunoglobulins and/or any blood products within 3 months prior to enrollment.
13. Receipt of an influenza vaccine within the past 6 months.
14. Receipt of any vaccine in the past 30 days.
15. Receipt of any investigational drug in the past 30 days.
16. Known diabetes mellitus.
17. History of anaphylaxis, Guillain-Barré Syndrome, or angioedema.
18. Blood pressure \> 140/90 (either or both values) at screening or enrollment.
19. Any medical, psychiatric, or social condition, or occupational or other responsibility that, in the judgment of the investigator, would interfere with, or serve as a contraindication to, protocol adherence, assessment of safety or reactogenicity, or a participant's ability to give informed consent.
20. History of taking antiviral drugs active against influenza A and/or B in last 72 hours before FluMist® administration.
21. Hypersensitivity to eggs, egg proteins, gentamicin, gelatin, or arginine, or life threatening reactions to previous influenza vaccinations.
22. Clinically significant abnormality on screening EKG.