Evaluate a Treatment Adapted to the PET Response Compared to a Standard Treatment, for Low Risk DLBCL CD 20+ Patients

In this study, the investigators purpose is to evaluate the adaptation of treatment with early response based on PET scan results after 2 cycles of chemotherapy, for patient aged from 18 to 80 years, with low IPI DLBCL.

This is an open randomized study.

The primary endpoint is to evaluate the 3 years PFS with the aim to demonstrate the non inferiority of the experimental arm in comparison to standard arm:

In standard arm, the patients will receive 6 cycles of R-CHOP 21 without taking into account of PET scan results after 2 cycles.

In experimental arm, early good responder patients (defined as having a negative PET scan after 2 cycles, confirmed after 4 cycles) will receive only 4 cycles of R-CHOP 21.

In both arms, if the PET scan remains positive after 4 cycles of chemotherapy, a biopsy exam is needed to confirm the failure and an intensive chemotherapy is then recommended.

All of the patients, in both arms, will have an early evaluation with PET scan. All PET scan will be reviewed by a group of expert according to Deauville criteria defined by Meignan et al to adapt the decision after the 2nd cycle in experimental arm and after the 4th cycle for all patients. The final evaluation of response will be made according to 2007 Cheson's criteria.

Localized stages DLBCL with low IPI (aaIPI = 0) have a very good prognostic after a standard immuno-chemotherapy with 6 cycles of R-CHOP 21. Five years PFS is estimated over 75%, whatever the age of the patient.

PET scan is actually considered as "the gold standard" for the initial staging and the evaluation of response after treatment. With this new technique, the response criteria have been redefined by Cheson and al. in 2007. Moreover, several recent studies showed that early evaluation of response with PET scan after only 2 cycles of chemotherapy was accurate to define two groups of patients:

"Early-good-responders", when PET scan is negative "Early-poor-responders", when PET scan remains positive Prognostic for the first group is very good, and for the second poorer. At the present time, the interest of the modification and/or the intensification of the treatment for the early-poor-responder patients is not demonstrated by any publication. New studies are ongoing for patients with advanced stages of DLBC NHL (GELA trial LNH 07-3B) or Hodgkin's lymphoma (GELA and EORTC trial H10); the aim is to evaluate a new strategy of treatment adapted to early response criteria.

No trial has already been made for low IPI DLBCL. In this study, the investigators purpose is to evaluate the adaptation of treatment with early response based on PET scan results after 2 cycles of chemotherapy, for patient aged from 18 to 80 years, with low IPI DLBCL.

This is an open randomized study.

The primary endpoint is to evaluate the 3 years PFS with the aim to demonstrate the non inferiority of the experimental arm in comparison to standard arm:

In standard arm, the patients will receive 6 cycles of R-CHOP 21 without taking into account of PET scan results after 2 cycles.

In experimental arm, early good responder patients (defined as having a negative PET scan after 2 cycles, confirmed after 4 cycles) will receive only 4 cycles of R-CHOP 21.

In both arms, if the PET scan remains positive after 4 cycles of chemotherapy, a biopsy exam is needed to confirm the failure and an intensive chemotherapy is then recommended.

All of the patients, in both arms, will have an early evaluation with PET scan. All PET scan will be reviewed by a group of expert according to Deauville criteria defined by Meignan et al to adapt the decision after the 2nd cycle in experimental arm and after the 4th cycle for all patients. The final evaluation of response will be made according to 2007 Cheson's criteria.

Eligibility Criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

* Patient with histologically proven CD20+ diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) (WHO classification 2008) including clinical subtypes (primitive mediastinal, intravascular, etc.). Patients with De Novo Transformed DLBCL from low grade lymphoma (Follicular, other...) may also be included; or CD20+ B-cell lymphoma with intermediate features between DLBCL and Burkitt; or with intermediate features between DLBCL and classical Hodgkin lymphoma; or CD20+ Follicular lymphoma grade 3B; or CD20+ Aggressive B-cell lymphoma unclassifiable.
* Age from18 to 80 years.
* Patient not previously treated.
* Ann Arbor Stage : I or II.
* Normal level of LDH.
* ECOG performance status (PS) \< 2.
* Age-adjusted international prognostic index (aaIPI) = 0.
* Baseline PET (PET0) performed before any treatment, even in absence of known lesion (for stage I for which the lesion has been removed for diagnostic reason).
* Having previously signed a written informed consent.
* The subject must be covered by a social security system (in France).

Exclusion Criteria:

* Any other histological type of lymphoma, Burkitt included.
* Any history of treated or non-treated small B-cell lymphoma.
* Central nervous system or meningeal involvement by lymphoma.
* Contra-indication to any drug contained in the chemotherapy regimens.
* Poor renal function (creatinin level \>150 mmol/L), poor hepatic function (total bilirubin level \>30 mmol/L, transaminases \>2.5 ULN) unless these abnormalities are related to the lymphoma.
* Poor bone marrow reserve as defined by Absolute Neutrophils Count (ANC) \<1.5 G/L or platelets \<100 G/L, unless related to bone marrow infiltration.
* Any history of cancer during the last 5 years with the exception of non-melanoma skin tumors or stage 0 (in situ) cervical carcinoma.
* Any serious active disease (according to the investigator's decision).
* Positive HIV, HBV and HCV serologies before inclusion (except after hepatitis B vaccination or for patients who are HBs Ag negative, anti-HBs positive and/or anti-HBc positive but viral DNA negative).
* Treatment with any investigational drug within 30 days before planned first cycle of chemotherapy.
* Pregnant or lactating women or women of childbearing potential not currently practicing an adequate method of contraception.
* Adult patient under tutelage.
* Impossibility to perform a baseline PET scan (PET0) before randomization and treatment start.