Efficacy and Safety of FMT Capsule Treating Steroid-refractory GI-aGvHD

Gastro-Intestinal Acute Graft Versus Host Disease (GI-aGVHD) is a complication of allogeneic stem cell transplant which is usually treated with steroids. When aGVHD does not respond to steroids it is described as steroid-refractory aGVHD. There is no standard therapy for steroid-refractory GI-aGVHD.

Fecal Microbiota Transplantation (FMT) is the transfer of fecal material from a healthy donor to a patient in order to restore the diversity of the intestinal microbiota. FMT is currently indicated for the treatment of recurrent Clostridium Difficile infection.

The investigators hypothesize that perturbations in the intestinal microbiota following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) are essential for the development and propagation of acute graft-versus-host disease. Therefore, modification of HSCT recipients' gut microbiota using fecal transplantation from a healthy donor could be used to treat gut acute GVHD.

This study evaluates safety and feasibility of fecal microbiota transplantation with frozen capsules from healthy donors for the treatment of steroid resistant or steroid dependent acute graft-versus-host disease of the gut.

This trial is designed to reconstruct the intestinal micro-ecology of patients with steroid-refractory gastrointestinal acute graft versus host disease (GI-aGvHD) by FMT. The primary objective is to evaluate the safety of FMT capsule in the treatment of steroid-refractory GI-aGvHD patients. The secondary objectives are as follows.

To observe the efficacy of FMT capsule in the treatment of steroid-refractory GI-aGvHD 28 days after the first administration.

To explore the characteristics of gut microbiota changes after FMT capsule treating steroid-refractory GI-aGvHD.

To evaluate the safety of FMT capsule treating steroid-refractory GI-aGvHD 12 weeks and 24 weeks after the first administration.

Eligibility Criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

1. Patients must be willing and able to sign the informed consent form and complete the follow-up visits.
2. 18-75 years old. No gender limitation.
3. Patients who can swallow the capsules without chewing.
4. Patients who were clinically diagnosed as steroid refractory GI-aGvHD. The diagnosis criteria are: experiencing GI-aGvHD clinical manifestations (e.g., abdominal cramps, diarrhea, stool blood) within 100 days after receiving hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT); having Grade 2-4 gastrointestinal clinical symptoms; excluding diarrhea caused solely by pathogen infection; after adequate steroid treatment, disease progression on day 3, or with no change on day 7, or without complete response on day 14.
5. Patients who had complicated infection after the diagnosis of aGvHD, but are able to discontinue all the antibiotic therapy 12 hours before receiving FMT treatment.
6. ECOG scale ≤3
7. Basic body function indexes reach the following criteria: total neutrophil≥0.5\*10\^9/L, platelet count≥100\*10\^9/L, serum creatinine ≤1.5×upper limit of normal (ULN) or creatinine clearance≥40 mL/min, albumin≥25g/L.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Patients with extremely serious grade IV aGvHD (life-threatening or with serious non-GvHD complication).
2. Refractory malignant condition.
3. Patients who have received two or more HSCT.
4. Patients who have active infection that has not been controlled and must receive antibiotic therapy, including diarrhea (non-GvHD diarrhea) caused by infection or antibiotics, excluding GvHD complicated infective diarrhea.
5. Patients who have gastrointestinal perforation or toxic intestinal.
6. Patients who have a history of severe allergic reactions.
7. Any condition in which PI do not consider it appropriate to participate (e.g., any medical history, treatment history, or abnormal history of testing data that may confuse the study results, or interfere with the patient's full participation in the study, or hurt the patient's benefit)
8. Female patients who have positive pregnancy test results or are breastfeeding. Women of childbearing age who refuse to use contraception one month after FMT treatment.