Safer Sex Program for Young African-American Men

To evaluate the efficacy of the adapted program a randomized controlled trial enrolling 620 eligible African American men who have sex with men (MSM) will be conducted. Men in the treatment condition will be compared to men receiving the control condition comprised of standard of care counseling from the clinic plus a free bag of condoms and water-based lubricants. This two-arm trial will test four hypotheses:

Aim: To test the efficacy of a brief, clinic-based and theory-guided, intervention designed to reduce STD incidence and risk of HIV acquisition/transmission among young African American men (15-29 years old) having sex with men and presenting for STD testing.

H1. Men randomized to receive the intervention will have a lower incidence rate of laboratory-confirmed STDs at each of three follow-up assessments compared to those receiving the control condition.

H2. Men randomized to receive the intervention will report significantly fewer acts of unprotected penetrative sex (penile-vaginal or penile-anal) between follow-up assessments compared to those receiving the control condition.

H3. Men randomized to receive the intervention will report having significantly fewer unprotected penetrative sex partners (for penile-vaginal or penile-anal sex) between follow-up assessments compared to those receiving the control condition.

H4. Men randomized to receive the intervention will report having significantly fewer negative experiences with condom use between follow-up assessments compared to those receiving the control condition.

H5. Men randomized to receive the intervention will demonstrate significantly greater improvement in condom application skills, throughout the 12-month study, compared to those receiving the control condition.

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has termed AIDS a "health crisis" for African Americans and has called for a heightened national response. The crisis is especially dramatic in the South and it is now apparent that young African American men who have sex with men (MSM) are exceedingly likely to be infected. Unfortunately, the ever-expanding HIV epidemic experienced by this population has not been matched by equal attention to the development of efficacious prevention programs. The proposed project expands upon an NIMH-funded study (R21 MH066682-01A1) conducted by Dr. Crosby. His study of young African American males found that a brief, clinic-based intervention reduced incidence of subsequent STDs by about 50%. This brief, one-on-one, intervention program, known as Focus on the Future (FOF), is a practical alternative to group-based safer sex programs that can be difficult to translate from science into practice. The program is now classified as a "Best Practice" intervention by CDC. This project will begin with an extensive formative phase designed to adapt FOF to MSM. The adapted program will seek to "sexualize" condoms to promote their consistent and correct use to better prevent STD/HIV. The program is uniquely flexible in that it can be applied to MSM regardless of their HIV serostatus. The adapted program will be tested by a two-arm efficacy trail. We will recruit 620 MSM (15-29 years of age) from a publicly-funded STD clinic in Jackson MS. Men in the treatment condition will be compared to men receiving the control condition comprised of standard of care counseling from the clinic plus a free ditty bag of supplies from the "condom and lube buffet" (condom/lube distribution). The trial will test four hypotheses: 1) Men randomized to receive the intervention will have a lower incidence rate of laboratory-confirmed STDs (by urine assay and rectal swab) at a 6-month and a 12-month follow-up assessment) compared to controls. 2) Men randomized to receive the intervention will report significantly fewer acts of unprotected penetrative sex (penile-vaginal or penile-anal) between follow-up assessments compared to controls. 3) Men randomized to receive the intervention will report having significantly fewer unprotected penetrative (penile-vaginal or penile-anal) sex partners between follow-up assessments compared to controls. 4) Men randomized to receive the intervention will report having significantly fewer negative experiences with condom use between follow-up assessments compared to controls. Given the dearth of evidence-based options for intervening with this vulnerable population in clinical settings, demonstrated efficacy of the adapted program has important implications for U.S. public health efforts directed towards the prevention of STD/HIV.

Eligibility Criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

* 15-29 years of age
* Identifying as an African American Male
* Males must be presenting themselves for STD testing
* Males must report recently (past 3 months) engaging in penile-anal sex with other males as a "top" (meaning the insertive partner)

Exclusion Criteria:

* Males not identifying as African American
* Males older than 29 years of age
* Males that are not patients of the STD clinic
* Males who have not engaged in penile-anal sex with other males as a "top" within the past 3 months