Effect and Safety Study of GP/FP Regimens in Advanced Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma

The present study will be a randomized, control, multicenter phase III study of recurrent or metastatic (R/M) nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) treated with Gemcitabine (Gemzar, Lilly) and cisplatin regimen (GP) or 5-Fluorouracil plus cisplatin regimen (FP). The population consists of recurrent or metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) that failed the radical radiotherapy or chemotherapy-naïve advanced NPC (stage IV). The effectiveness and side effects will be evaluated according to Standard WHO response criteria and NCI-CTC AE V3.0.

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is most commonly seen in Southeast Asia, especially in southern and southeastern China ,where the incidence rate has been documented between 10 and 150 cases per 100,000 population per year. NPC is a radiosensitive tumor, and radiotherapy is considered to be the treatment of choice for most cases. The 5-year survival rate (all stages) is around 50% .In other words, more than half of the NPC cases will eventually fail radiotherapy and reasons of the failure are both local relapse and remote metastasis.

For these advanced or metastatic NPC, chemotherapy is the most important therapeutics,and they are relatively responsive to chemotherapy compared to other head and neck cancers. The backbone of the treatment for recurrent/metastatic (R/M) NPC is cisplatin containing regimen, which is also regarded as the standard regimen for other squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck (SCCHN). The FP regimen is widely used in R/M NPC patients now and its response rate is around 40%-65%,but the response period is usually short and the adverse reaction is frequent and badly tolerant, which influent the treatment compliance seriously. What's more, the catheters and pumps are necessary for continuous infusion of 5-Fluorouracil, which add to the cost, immobility and inconvenience of the treatment.

Preclinical and clinical data show synergistic activity between gemcitabine and cisplatin without overlapping toxicity. Several clinical trials enrolling a minority of advanced NPC patients suggest GP regimen has promising effectiveness and well tolerated side effects, and they indicated a potential possibility that the GP regimen comes to the standard first line choice instead of the FP regimen

Eligibility Criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

* Histologically proven NPC diagnosis
* Elder than 18 years old are inclusive
* Recurrence or metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma with evidence of unsuitable for local treatment
* Amenable to regular follow-up
* Subjects with at least one measurable lesion (Tumor lesions that are situated in a previously irradiated area could not be considered measurable).
* Performance status: 0-1(ECOG)
* WBC \> 4.0X109/L, PLT \> 100X109/L, with normal hepatic function(AST, ALT \< 2.5 x upper limit of normal , and bilirubin \< 1.5 x upper limit of normal), with normal renal function (Creatinine \< 1.5 x upper limit of normal)
* No chemotherapy or radical radiotherapy received within 6 months prior to enrollment
* Life expectancy over twelve weeks
* Signed and dated informed consent before the start of specific protocol procedures
* Ability to comply with trial requirements.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Patient suitable for local treatment (eg. radiotherapy)
* Active clinically serious infections (\> grade 2 NCI-CTC version 3.0)
* Patient with central nervous system metastasis
* Patient life threatening medical condition
* Pregnant or breast-feeding patients. Women of childbearing potential must have a negative pregnancy test performed within 7 days of the start of treatment. Both men and women enrolled in this trial must use adequate barrier birth control measures during the course of the trial and two weeks after the completion of trial.
* Performance status ≥ 2
* With a pre-existing peripheral neuropathy (National Cancer Institute Common Toxicity Criteria for Adverse Events \[NCI CTC\] grade ≥ 2)
* Serious concurrent illness
* Previous or concurrent cancer that is distinct in primary site or histology from the cancer being evaluated in this study EXCEPT cervical carcinoma in situ, treated basal cell carcinoma, superficial bladder tumors\[Ta, Tis \& T1\] or any cancer curatively treated \> 3 years prior to study entry.
* Patient refusing participation