Cognitive Aftereffects of Neurotoxicity in Children and Young Adults With Relapsed/Refractory Hematologic Malignancies Who Receive CAR T-cell Therapy

Background:

CAR T-cell therapy is a promising new treatment for blood cancers. During treatment, a person s T-cells are genetically changed to kill cancer cells. Researchers want to learn more about the effects of potential problems that may be associated with this treatment. We are specifically interested in learning if and how this treatment may affect the brain or your thinking skills.

Objective:

To learn if CAR T-cell therapy can affect how children and adults think, process, and remember things.

Eligibility:

People aged 5-35 who have blood cancer that has not responded to treatment, or the blood cancer has come back after treatment, and who will receive CAR T-cell therapy. Caregivers are also needed. All participants must be able to speak and read in English or Spanish.

Design:

Participants will be screened with a medical history.

Information from participants medical records will be collected.

Participants will take tests at home or at NIH to see how well they think, read, learn, remember, reason, and pay attention. The tests will be both computerized and paper/pencil. They will take less than 1 hour to complete.

Participants and a parent/adult observer will complete a 5-minute Background Information Form and a checklist of nervous system symptoms.

If participants are 5 years or older, they will participate in activities to test their ability to do different thinking tasks, like answer questions, complete puzzle patterns, and remember things.

Participants and their caregivers will complete questions to see if they are having specific symptoms related to receiving CAR T-cells. The questions will assess their well-being and needs. The questions will take less than 1 hour to complete.

Some tests and questions will be repeated at different time points in the study.

Participation will last for up to 3 years....

Background:

* Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell immunotherapy has rapidly emerged as a successful and breakthrough treatment in pediatric and adult hematologic malignancies. However, significant toxicities can complicate the therapeutic successes of such therapy, including neurologic toxicity associated with cytokine release syndrome (CRS).
* There is a critical need to characterize the subacute and long-term neurocognitive outcomes of participants undergoing CAR T-cell therapies and to compare the results across trials, some of which are first-in-human studies. It is unknown how acute toxicity affects attention, learning, memory, processing speed, and higher order cognition in participants who are cured of their cancer and survive for many years. Information about subacute and long-term neurocognitive sequelae would help determine whether the acute toxicity of specific CAR T-cell therapies needs to be treated and prevented aggressively or whether it is fully reversible without specific intervention.

Objective:

-To evaluate changes in working memory in children and young adults with relapsed/refractory leukemia or lymphoma at 12 months post CAR T-cell therapy

Eligibility:

* Children and young adults (age \>= 5 and \<=35 years old) with relapsed/refractory leukemias or lymphomas scheduled to have CAR T-cell therapy and their caregivers (informants).
* Participants who can speak and read in English or Spanish

Design:

* This is a multi-center pilot trial to study the neurocognitive effects of CAR T-cell therapy.
* Eligible participants will be seen in one of the enrolling sites.
* Neurocognitive evaluations will be conducted using a computerized test battery (Cogstate) and other paper/pencil tests that assess cognitive processes known to be most affected in participants treated for leukemia or lymphomas as well as patient-reported and observer-reported outcome measures. Participants with the disease and their informants will be enrolled in this study during the preparation of participants for CAR T-cell therapy and followed for up to 3 years post CAR infusion.

Eligibility Criteria:
* INCLUSION CRITERIA:
* Participants with disease

  * Participants are diagnosed with relapsed/refractory leukemias or lymphomas, and are scheduled to receive CAR T-cell treatment in one of the enrolling sites
  * For participants enrolled on a CAR T-cell treatment protocol, data sharing for the purposes of this study must be allowed.
  * Age \>= 5 and \<=35 years old
  * Participant must have an eligible caregiver (informant) who is willing to complete assessments about the participant of this study
  * Participants (\<18 years, or \>=18 years if needed) must have an eligible caregiver to assist with setting up an appropriate test environment for the remote evaluations
  * Participant must be able to speak and understand English or Spanish
  * Participants must have access to a computer or tablet with a camera and an internet connection
  * Participant or parent/guardian must be able to understand and willing to sign a written consent document
* Caregivers (informants)

  * Participants must be able to speak and read in English or Spanish
  * Participants who are caregivers for participants with disease addressed above
  * Age \>= 18 years old
  * Participants must have access to a computer or tablet
  * Participants (of children \<18 years, or \>18 years if needed) must be willing to help set up an appropriate test environment for the remote evaluations
  * Participant is able to understand and willing to sign a written consent document

EXCLUSION CRITERIA:

-Participants with disease who have a pre-existing global intellectual disability (e.g., Downs Syndrome