Bioabsorbable Everolimus-Eluting Stents for Internal Pudendal Artery-Related Arteriogenic Erectile Dysfunction

In this prospective, unblinded, single-arm, single-center study, investigators would like to assess the feasibility and safety of the bioabsorbable everolimus-eluting stents in patients with erectile dysfunction and concomitant internal pudendal artery stenoses. A total of 15 bioabsorbable vascular scaffolds (BVSs) are planned to be assessed and will be deployed in the internal pudendal artery, with a 1:1 ratio of both proximal and distal segments.

Background: Obstructive pelvic arterial lesions were present in approximately 70-80% of patients aged \>50 years and having erectile dysfunction. Previous studies have shown that most arterial stenoses were present in the internal pudendal and common penile artery segments. Investigators have also demonstrated that angioplasty for both internal pudendal and penile arteries is safe and can achieve clinically significant improvement in erectile function in \~60% of patients with erectile dysfunction. Nevertheless, in the ZEN study and investigators' preliminary observation, the 6-month angiographic binary restenosis rate for drug-eluting stents (DES) in internal pudendal artery approached 30-50%. The internal pudendal artery requires integral vasomotor function to provide sufficient blood supply during erection, whereas metallic stents impair vasomotor function. A fully bioabsorbable drug-eluting stent that scaffolds the vessel wall when needed and then disappear once the acute recoil and constrictive remodeling processes have subsided is therefore particularly advantageous for the internal pudendal artery. Investigators herein would like to assess the feasibility and safety of the bioabsorbable everolimus-eluting stents in patients with erectile dysfunction and concomitant internal pudendal artery stenoses.

Methods: This prospective, unblinded, single-arm, single-center study is a feasibility trial designed to provide preliminary observations and generate hypotheses for future studies. A total of 15 BVSs are planned to be assessed and will be deployed in the internal pudendal artery, with a 1:1 ratio of both proximal and distal segments. All subjects will undergo pelvic CT angiography at baseline and 6 months after intervention. Invasive selective pudendal angiography will be performed 6-9 months after intervention as well. Intravascular ultrasound and/or optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging will be obtained during invasive angiography. The primary feasibility endpoint is CT angiographic binary restenosis (≥50% lumen diameter stenosis) at 6 months.

Eligibility Criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

* men 20 years of age or older with "consistent" erectile dysfunction defined as both IIEF-5 scores, taken at least 4 weeks apart, are in the range of 5 to 21 points and with a difference of ≤2 points;
* the anatomical inclusion criteria, based on pelvic CT angiography, are unilateral luminal diameter stenosis ≥70% or bilateral diameter stenoses ≥50% in the internal pudendal arteries with reference vessel diameter ≥2.5 mm and ≤4.0 mm and a target-lesion length ≤30 mm.

Exclusion Criteria:

* the arterial inflow to the penis is entirely from the accessory pudendal arteries rather than the usual internal pudendal artery and common penile artery;
* the presence of focal diameter stenosis ≥70% in the common penile artery, internal iliac artery, or anterior division of inferior gluteal artery;
* previous radical prostatectomy, pelvic radiation, or Peyronie's disease;
* untreated hypogonadism (serum total testosterone \<300 ng/dL within 14 days before enrollment);
* acute coronary syndrome, stroke, or life-threatening arrhythmia within 3 months before enrollment;
* poorly controlled diabetes mellitus with glycosylated hemoglobin levels \>9%;
* serum creatinine levels \>2.5 mg/dL;
* bleeding diathesis or known hypercoagulopathy;
* life expectancy of fewer than 12 months;
* known intolerance to contrast agents.