Ferinject® in Patient With Thrombocytosis Secondary to Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD)

The aim of this study is to show the benefits for patients, with a high platelet count, iron deficiency and IBD, receiving intravenous iron therapy.

For the first time a platelet abnormality in IBD was reported in 1968, with a description of an increased platelet count in patients having an exacerbation of clinical activity 1. Since then it has been established that thrombocytosis and platelet activation are common features in IBD2. Both features are strongly connected to thromboembolic events, which are a major cause of patient morbidity and mortality 3. In vitro studies have so far shown that spontaneous platelet aggregation is present in more than 30% of IBD patients compared to none of the controls and besides independent of disease severity 4.

Unfortunately the mechanisms behind the abnormal megakaryopoiesis are not completely understood. Nevertheless platelets can store and produce a large amount of inflammatory mediators and are activated by multiple proinflammatory substances. Therefore, platelets are regarded as a major target in the therapy of inflammatory bowel diseases 5. An increase in systemic cytokine levels such as IL-6 or IL-11 may contribute to enhanced platelet production. Also intestinal bleeding and iron deficiency, which are major symptoms of IBD, may have stimulatory effects on megakaryopoiesis 6.

Previously, we observed a normalization of elevated platelet counts in IBD patients with iron deficiency anemia (IDA) upon treatment with intravenous iron sucrose 7. We therefore believe that iron deficiency is causatively involved in the pathogenesis of thrombocytosis in IBD and intend to investigate the effect of intravenous iron therapy on platelet levels and platelet activation markers in patients with IBD and iron deficiency.

Vifor (International) Inc. has developed a new formulation of parenteral iron, FERINJECT® (5% w/v iron carboxymaltose in a solution of water for injection). Based on preclinical toxicity data and clinical experience, FERINJECT® does not cause anaphylactic reactions or liver toxicity. Based on human pharmacokinetic data, the estimated terminal half-life of FERINJECT® is 16 hours. The analysis of a FERINJECT® positron emission tomography (PET) study in six patients each receiving a single dose of 100mg iron as FERINJECT® demonstrated that, during the initial distribution phase, a major proportion of the dose was distributed to the bone marrow . Red cell utilization of iron was found to be high. After 24 days, patients with IDA showed a red cell utilization of 91% to 99%. Various studies demonstrated that FERINJECT® could be safely administered at doses of up to 1000mg, which is a significant advantage of FERINJECT® over iron sucrose.

A multiple-dose phase I/II study in patients with IBD investigating the safety, efficacy, and kinetics of repeated doses of FERINJECT® has been completed. Patients who were treated at our unit (Medical University of Vienna) were also analyzed regarding the effect of VIT45 on platelet counts. Similar to our experience with iron sucrose, we observed a significant drop in thrombocytosis within 8 weeks pointing again to the direct effect of iron on regulating megakaryopoiesis in vivo8.

This study tries to show the benefits for patients, with a high platelet count, iron deficiency and IBD, receiving intravenous iron therapy.

As with all iron preparations, overdosing with respect to the total amount should be avoided. The maximum infused weekly dose of FERINJECT® will be 500 mg. Based on animal toxicity data and patient experience, FERINJECT® does not cause anaphylactic reactions or liver toxicity at the doses intended for use in this study. However, due to the relatively large doses of iron being administered, patients will be monitored carefully throughout the study for symptoms of iron overload.

Potential benefits to the patients include a decrease of the platelet counts, besides a increase in hemoglobin levels and normalization of iron stores.

Primary Objective:

To evaluate the efficacy of FERINJECT® in reducing elevated platelet counts

Secondary Objectives:

To evaluate the effect of FERINJECT® on coagulation and platelet activation parameters To evaluate the efficacy of FERINJECT® in normalizing iron deficiency To evaluate the change of quality in life and disease activity To evaluate the safety of FERINJECT®

Eligibility Criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

* Male or female, inpatient or outpatient, aged at least 18 years and not more than 60 years.
* Have a platelet count \>450G/l
* Transferrin saturation (TfS) \<20% or ferritin \< 100µg/l
* Previously diagnosed inflammatory bowel disease (Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis)
* Females of child-bearing potential must have a negative urine pregnancy test at screening and be practicing a highly effective method of birth control during the study and for up to 1 month after the last dose of the study medication. A highly effective method of birth control is defined as those which result in a low failure rate (i.e. less than 1% per year) when used consistently and correctly such as implants, injectables, combined oral contraceptives, some IUDs, sexual abstinence or vasectomised partner. Non-childbearing potential includes being surgically sterilized at least 6 months prior to the study or postmenopausal, defined as amenorrhoea for at least 12 months.
* Demonstrate the ability to understand the requirements of the study, provide written informed consent, abide by the study restrictions, and agree to undergo the required assessments.

Exclusion Criteria:

* CDAI \>220, CAI\>6
* Significant anemia (hemoglobin \<10.5 g/dl), or anaemia not caused by iron deficiency (e.g. anaemia due to cancer or infection)
* Blood transfusions or iron therapy during the previous 4 weeks, or erythropoietin treatment within the 8 weeks prior to enrollment.
* Concomitant therapy with prednisolone above 20mg/d, 6-mercaptopurine, infliximab or azathioprine must have been initiated at least 4 months prior to study and the dose must be stable for at least 8 weeks. Other drugs with known effects on megakaryopoiesis (e.g. interferon-alpha).
* Severe concomitant disease or need for surgery within 8 weeks
* Hemochromatosis or other iron-storage disorders (e.g. thalassemia, siderosis, lead poisoning anaemia, porphyria cutanea tarda)
* Treatment with an investigational drug within the 30 days prior to enrollment
* Active severe infection or malignancy other than carcinoma in situ of the cervix and non-melanoma skin cancer.
* Bone Marrow Disease (MDS, thalassemia, etc)
* Active or chronic liver or kidney disease. Serum albumin \<25 g/L or serum creatinine \>20 mg/L
* Significant cardiovascular disease, including myocardial infarction within 12 months prior to study inclusion, congestive heart failure NYHA (New York Heart Association) grade III or IV, or poorly controlled hypertension according to the judgment of the investigator. Known hypersensitivity to FERINJECT®
* Positive for HIV 1/HIV 2 antibodies (anti HIV) (HIV: human immunodeficiency virus).
* Positive for hepatitis B surface-antigen (HBsAg), hepatitis C virus antibody (anti HCV) and evidence for active hepatitis, i.e., abnormal liver function test (LFT) results.