Durvalumab Plus Etoposide-free Chemotherapy in First-line Treatment of Extensive-disease Small-sell Lung Cancer (SCLC)

The current study is intended to be a "proof of concept" to evaluate the potential value of synergy between paclitaxel carboplatin and immunotherapy. If a signal clearly shows superiority over the CASPIAN data , we will have arguments to think that the combination of paclitaxel and carboplatin is more suitable for synergy with immunotherapy than the standard etoposide and carboplatin.


Eligibility Criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

1. Signed Informed consent.

   * Subjects must have signed and dated an IRB/IEC approved written informed consent form in accordance with regulatory and institutional guidelines. This must be obtained before the performance of any protocol related procedures that are not part of normal subject care.
   * Subjects must be willing and able to comply with scheduled visits, treatment schedule, and laboratory testing.
2. Patients diagnosed with histologically confirmed SCLC
3. Extended-Stage Disease at time of accrual according to the criteria of the Veteran's Administration Lung Cancer Group (VALG). Extended disease is defined as going beyond hemithorax and supraclavicular ganglionic areas, and malignant pleural effusions will be considered extended diseases.
4. At least one measurable target lesion according to RECIST v1.1 per investigator assessment.The radiological assessment has to be done within the timelines indicated.
5. Age ≥ 18 years.
6. Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status (ECOG PS) of 0 or 1 (see Appendix 1).
7. Body weight \>30 kg.
8. Adequate biological functions:

   * Creatinine clearance ≥ 45 ml/min (Cockroft or MDRD or CKD-epi);
   * Hemoglobin ≥ 9.0 g / dL
   * Neutrophils ≥ 1500 /μL
   * Platelets ≥ 100 000 /μL
   * Bilirubin ≤ 1.5 x normal except for patients with proved Gilbert syndrome (≤ 3 x ULN)
   * ALT and AST ≤ 2.5 x normal upper value except in case of liver metastases (≤ 5 x normal upper value).
9. Woman patients who are no longer likely to procreate (physiologically unfit to carry a pregnancy), which includes:

   * Hysterectomy
   * Ovariectomy
   * Bilateral tubal ligation
   * Postmenopausal women:

     * Patients not using hormone replacement therapy should have had a complete cessation of menstruation for at least one year and be over 45 years old, or, if in doubt, have an FSH (Follicle Stimulating Hormone)\> 40 mIU/mL and a Estradiol value\<40 μg/mL (\<150 pmol/L)
     * Patients using hormone replacement therapy should have had a complete cessation of menstruation for at least one year and be over 45 years of age or have evidence of menopause (FSH and estradiol levels) prior to initiation of hormone replacement therapy.

   Woman patients who are of childbearing potential are eligible:
   * They must have a negative serum pregnancy test within the week preceding the first dose of treatment and preferably as close as possible to the first dose.
   * They must agree to use methods of contraception acceptable for IFCT, when used in accordance with the product leaflet and the doctor's instructions, are as follows:

     * An intrauterine device with a failure rate of less than 1% per year
     * Male sterilized partner (vasectomy with azoosperm documentation) prior to inclusion of the patient and who is the sole partner of the patient.
     * Total abstinence from sexual intercourse 14 days before the start of treatment, throughout the duration of treatment and at least 21 days after the last dose of treatment.
     * Double-barrier contraception: condom and cape (diaphragm or cervical / vaginal cap) with a vaginal spermicidal agent (foam / gel / film / cream / suppository).
     * Oral, combined or progestin contraceptive alone.
     * Injectable progestin.
     * Levonorgestrel implant.
     * Vaginal ring impregnated with estrogen.
     * Percutaneous contraceptive patch. Contraceptive methods should be used throughout the course of treatment and should be maintained for 6 months after the end of treatment.
10. Male subjects who are sexually active with a woman of childbearing potential are eligible if an efficacious contraception method should be used during the treatment and during the 6 months following the last dose.
11. Patient must have a life expectancy of at least 12 weeks.
12. Patient covered by a national health insurance.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) or combined SCLC and NSCLC.
2. Prior systemic anticancer therapy for SCLC.
3. Radiotherapy needed at initiation of treatment.
4. Major surgical procedure (as defined by the Investigator) within 28 days prior initiation of treatment.

   Note: Local surgery of isolated lesions for palliative intent is acceptable.
5. Symptomatic brain metastasis. Note: patient with asymptomatic or treated and stable brain metastasis for at least 1 month prior to study treatment are eligible. Patients with suspected brain metastases at screening should have a CT/MRI of the brain prior to study entry.
6. History of leptomeningeal carcinomatosis.
7. Symptomatic congestive heart failure, uncontrolled hypertension, unstable angina, cardiac arrhythmia or clinically uncontrolled heart disease.
8. Mean QT interval corrected (QTc) ≥470 ms.
9. Corticosteroid therapy at a dose greater than 10 mg per day of prednisolone or equivalent for more than 10 days within 14 days prior initiation of treatment.

   Note: Intranasal, inhaled, topical steroids, or local steroid injections and steroids as premedication for hypersensitivity reactions are allowed.
10. Serum sodium \<125 mmol/L unless corrective treatment prior to initiation of study treatment.
11. Hypercalcemia despite corrective treatment (corrected calcemia = Calcium (mmol) + \[(40- albumin (g)) x 0.025\]).
12. History of allogenic organ transplantation.
13. Immunosuppressive systemic therapy (cyclophosphamide, aziathioprine, methotrexate, thalidomide and TNF inhibitor) within 28 days prior to inclusion.
14. Active or prior documented autoimmune disease or inflammatory disorders including but is not limited to inflammatory bowel disease (colitis or Crohn's disease), diverticulitis (with the exception of diverticulosis), sarcoidosis syndrome, myasthenia gravis, lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, vascular thrombosis associated with antiphospholipid syndrome, Wegener's granulomatosis, Sjogren's syndrome, Guillain Barré's syndrome, multiple sclerosis, vasculitis and glomerulonephritis. Patients with severe psoriasis (10% of your body's surface area) are not eligible.

    Note: The following are exceptions are listed below:
    * patients with vitiligo or alopecia,
    * patients with history of autoimmune hypothyroidism treated with a stable dose of hormone replacement therapy,
    * any chronic skin condition that does not require systemic therapy,
    * patients without active disease in the last 5 years may be included but only after consultation with the investigator,
    * patients with celiac disease controlled by diet alone,
    * patients with diabetes treated with insulin.
15. Serious chronic gastrointestinal conditions associated with diarrhea
16. History of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, organized pneumonia (i.e., bronchiolitis obliterans), drug-induced pulmonary pathology or active signs of pneumonia, interstitial lung disease (whatever the cause) detected on the pulmonary CT-scan.
17. History of cancer Note: Patients with a history of cancer for more than 3 years are eligible if they have been treated and considered cured. Patients with a history of basal cell carcinoma of the skin or in situ carcinoma of the cervix are eligible.
18. Concomitant anti-cancer treatment or within 3 years prior to the start of study treatment, including chemotherapy, immunotherapy, hormone therapy, biotherapy or anti-angiogenic treatment (VEGF inhibitors or VEGFR inhibitors).
19. Any medical or personal that would make the patient unable to comply with study procedures and/or could interfere with the patient safety.
20. Receipt of live, attenuated vaccine within 30 days prior to the first dose of study drugs.

    Note: Patients, if enrolled, should not receive live vaccine whilst receiving study drugs and up to 30 days after the last dose of study drugs. Nucleic acid vaccines, inactivated vaccines against COVID-19 are allowed.
21. Ongoing or active infection including:

    * COVID-19.
    * Tuberculosis (clinical evaluation that includes clinical history, physical examination and radiographic findings, and tuberculosis testing in line with local practice).
    * Hepatitis B virus (known positive HBV surface antigen \[HbsAg\] result). Patients with a past or resolved HBV infection (defined as the presence of hepatitis B core antibody \[anti-HBc\] and absence of HbsAg) are eligible.
    * Positive hepatitis C virus (HCV).
22. Patients with a known history of a positive test for HIV or known AIDS who have not received effective antiretroviral therapy (ART) for the last 4 weeks and who have an HIV viral load \>200 copies/mL, regardless of CD4+ T-cell count. Paraneoplastic syndrome (PNS) of autoimmune nature, requiring systemic treatment (systemic steroids or immunosuppressive agents) or clinical symptomatology suggesting worsening of PNS.
23. Pregnant or lactating woman. Note: Women who are breastfeeding should stop breastfeeding before the first dose of treatment, throughout the course of treatment and at least 3 months after the last dose of treatment.
24. Known allergy or hypersensitivity to study treatment or any excipient.
25. Concomitant treatment with another experimental treatment or participation in another clinical trial.
26. Patient who is subject to legal protection or who is unable to express his will.