Why am I Still Tired ? A Group for Cancer-related Fatigue

Cancer related fatigue (CRF) has been defined as a "distressing, persistent, subjective sense of tiredness or exhaustion related to cancer or cancer treatment that is not proportional to recent activity and interferes with usual functioning". CRF has been found to affect between 59-99% of patients undergoing active treatment. Approximately a third of cancer survivors will continue to experience moderate to severe fatigue upwards of 10 years post-diagnosis. Given the prominence of CRF, guidelines for the assessment and management of CRF have been developed, including guidelines by the Canadian Association for Psychosocial Oncology (CAPO). Despite the availability of guidelines for CRF and a plethora of interventions that have demonstrated effectiveness in aiding patients manage CRF, implementation has been lacking. The objective of this study is to adapt, implement, and evaluate an already existing intervention for CRF in the community using the Knowledge-to-Action framework. This study is an implementation study and evaluation of an evidence-based cognitive-behavioral therapy intervention for CRF in a community setting. An evident knowledge to practice gap exists for CRF management in Ottawa, Canada. Through partnership with a community organization, the Ottawa Regional Cancer Foundation, and an emphasis on long-term sustainability, this project aims to provide more accessible treatment for cancer survivors who are experiencing CRF in the Ottawa region.

This study is a single center, hybrid II effectiveness-implementation pilot study. For the effectiveness trial, the investigators will use a randomized controlled trial with a waitlist control group. For the implementation portion of the study, the investigators will conduct a process evaluation using the RE-AIM framework. Three groups of 10-15 cancer survivors will take part in CrF intervention. Three groups were selected with consultation of the Ottawa Regional Cancer Foundation as it currently offers groups three times a year in the fall, winter, and spring/summer. Another three groups of approximately 10 cancer survivors will be allocated to a 3-month wait-list control group after which they will be offered the CrF intervention. Participants will be recruited through several methods: online advertisements, informational letters and posters sent to community and healthcare organizations and key healthcare providers (i.e., family physicians and health psychologists).

Effectiveness Component:

Participation will consist of attending 90-minute virtual groups for 4 consecutive weeks on cancer-related fatigue. During the 4 weeks, participants will be asked to participate in activities, participate in group discussions, and complete homework. They will also be asked to complete a questionnaire package before the start of the intervention, one week after the intervention is completed (5 weeks), and at 3-months post intervention. The questionnaires package will include the following questionnaires. The primary outcome will be the Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory (MFI-20). Secondary outcomes will be the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy (FACIT-F), PROMIS Self-Efficacy for Managing Chronic Conditions-Short Form, Godin Leisure-Time Exercise Questionnaire, The Insomnia Severity Index, and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). After the completion of the intervention, they will also be asked to fill out a satisfaction survey once at 5 weeks where they can provide feedback on their experience of the intervention, a component of the process evaluation (see the next section for more detail). All surveys should take approximately 30 minutes. The waitlist control group, participation will consist of completing a 30- minute questionnaire package at the start of the study, after 5 weeks and at a 3-month follow-up. The same questionnaire package will be administered that the intervention group receives with the exception of the satisfaction survey. After three months, participants will be offered the chance to receive the intervention for cancer-related fatigue. They will only be asked to complete the satisfaction survey where they can provide feedback on your experience of the intervention and have the option to participate in the focus group should they wish too. However, they will not be asked to re-complete the questionnaire packages they completed during their wait time. Block randomization with a 1:1 ratio will be completed through an online software. The following sociodemographic data will be collected: age, gender, marital status, education, work class, ethnicity, cancer diagnosis, medication, other chronic illness, history of insomnia and/or depression, smoking, location, income, and comfort with technology.

Implementation component:

This process evaluation will follow a RE-AIM framework. For reach, the investigators will document the number of individuals interested in the intervention and referral sources through the patient demographic form. During past focus groups, the investigators discovered a break-down in communication between community partner, patients, and healthcare organizations. To increase reach and improve this gap, the investigators have several strategies including online advertisements, knowledge dissemination through informational letters to key providers (i.e., family doctors, health psychologists), and offering presenting to community organizations and healthcare organizations. Additionally, feasibility will be assessed retrospectively to examine whether the program was a success or failure, specifically in regard to recruitment, retention, and participation rates. Recruitment numbers and referrals, retention (i.e., percentage of individuals who complete the program), and participation rates (i.e., attendance) will all be tracked throughout the project. If possible, participants will be contacted and asked for the reason of discontinuing the program. For effectiveness, the randomized control trial described above will be conducted. For adoption, the investigators will interview key stakeholders at the Ottawa Regional Cancer Foundation about the barriers and facilitators in maintaining this intervention long-term. The investigators will also be accessing acceptability of the intervention through the evaluation tool created by the Ottawa Regional Cancer Foundation. Evaluation Measure Designed by the Ottawa Regional Cancer Foundation: Currently, programs at the Ottawa Regional Cancer Foundation are routinely evaluated with an evaluation tool. The questionnaire is composed of open-ended questions (e.g., how could the program be improved?) and Likert scales questions on satisfaction (e.g., I would recommend this coaching program to others) and perceived knowledge/skills gained (e.g., this program helped me develop strategies to better cope with life). Further, focus groups (N=3) with 6-10 cancer survivors each who have completed the intervention will be held to gain greater insight into their perspectives of the intervention and which aspects were the most and least beneficial after each group. To assess the quality of training the staff member received, an individual interview will be conducted to ascertain the staff members' confidence and level of preparedness in providing the intervention. In addition, the staff member will be asked about their perspectives of the program and whether they recommend any changes. As the evaluator will be providing the training, the staff interview will be conducted by another graduate student to reduce desirability bias and to ensure the group facilitator can express their honest opinions. For implementation, the investigators will conduct approximate intervention cost-tracking by determining the number of hours the community partner puts into the intervention (i.e., training and facilitating the intervention). Additionally, the intervention will be video recorded, and a fidelity checklist will be completed to ensure high consistency of the intervention. Lastly, for maintenance will be document whether the program is planned to be offered regularly after the investigators have completed our research study

Eligibility Criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

* Aged 18 and over
* Has received a cancer diagnosis
* Has completed cancer treatment,
* Self-reports experiencing fatigue,
* Fluent in English.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Currently in treatment
* Has a diagnosis of brain cancer and is experiencing cognitive difficulties