Comparison of Post-Operative Pain After Use of Calcium Hydroxide and Bio Ceramic Sealer for Root Canal Treatment.

Background:

Root canal therapy is a well documented and established method to eliminate inflamed pulp and reduce pain, but the procedure itself is associated with postoperative discomfort, ranging from 1.2%-82.9% in different studies. There are several treatment-related factors that are found to be linked to postoperative pain, including gauging canal length with apex locator, the choice of instrumentation, number of visits and the root canal sealer being used. When used in the root canal obturation, an endodontic sealer may affect periodontal tissue through apical foramina, lateral canals, or leaching and can hinder the healing process. Thus, the local inflammation caused by root canal obturation may result in post-operative pain. The extent of inflammatory response depends on multiple factors, which also include the content of the sealer.

The reason of using calcium hydroxide sealers is driven by their potential for tissue healing and antibacterial properties. Antimicrobial effects of Calcium Hydroxide is attributed to the presences and numbers of hydroxyl groups which cause pH to increase as high as 12.5.

The elevated pH levels also encourage repair and bone ossification, thus helping in healing. Hard tissue formation which is associated with calcium hydroxide's alkaline nature occurs due to inhibition of lactic acid secreted by osteoclast, activation of Alkaline phosphatase and calcium-dependent ATP.

Bioceramic sealers are considered to provide better results for root canals treatments by promoting osteoblastic differentiation and by releasing bioactive substances. Cytotoxicity of bioceramics is lower in comparision of resin-based sealers. Less cytotoxicity also lowers the potential of irritation and inflammation of periodontal tissues, thus leading to reduced levels of associated post-operative pain. Very limited data is available on the comparison between calcium hydroxide and bioceramic sealer.

Objectives:

1. To compare pre and postoperative pain within each group(calcium hydroxide sealer and Bioceramic sealer).
2. Compare postoperative pain between calcium hydroxide sealer and Bioceramic sealer groups.
3. To observe the effect of type of tooth and patient demographics on postoperative pain in each group.

Methods:

After taking consent, A total of 80 patients with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis will be randomly assigned to one of two groups in this 6-month In-Vitro Single-Blinded Randomized Clinical Study. Group A will receive calcium hydroxide as an endodontic sealer and B will receive bioceramic sealer respectively. Recordings of postoperative pain will be obtained at 24 hours, 48 hours, 72 hours and 7 days after obturation with aid of the Visual Analogue Scale by the Researcher.

SPSSv.24 will be used to analyze the data with the level of significance set at p \< 0.05. For comparison of VAS scores, Paired Sample t-test//Wilcoxon-signed rank test will be used. Independent sample-test/Mann-Whitney U-test will be used to assess the differences in VAS pain scores between the groups. The chi-square test will be used to determine the frequency of tooth types among the tested materials and the distribution of patients among VAS scores.


Eligibility Criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

* Patients who need root canal treatment of minimum one tooth.
* Patients between 18 years to 60 years of age.
* Single rooted tooth with a single (type I canal configuration according to vertucci) canal including mandibular and maxillary incisors, canine and premolars except maxillary first premolar.
* Tooth is diagnosed with symptomatic Irreversible Pulpitis.
* The periapical index score is from 2 to 3 according to Orstavik et al.

Exclusion Criteria:

* • Medically compromised patients.

  * Patient rejecting to participate in study.
  * Inability to achieve the full length of canal.
  * Teeth with periodontal disease (probing depth \>4mm).
  * Complication during treatment (separation of file, ledge formation, etc.).
  * Pulpal necrosis, chronic apical periodontitis, acute and chronic periodontal abcess.
  * Any swelling or draining sinus.