The Effect of Health Protection and Promotion Training Programs on the Health Behavior of Older People

Protecting and improving health is an important intervention in preventing diseases, controlling chronic diseases and delaying their progression. Therefore, appropriate health promotion programs specific to elderly individuals need to be developed. Educational intervention is known to be effective in achieving behavioral change. This study differs from previous studies in that both peer (Intervention-1) and nurse-led (Intervention-2)-led education programs are planned as interventions. This research was designed as a mixed method study to compare the effects of Peer and Nurse Led Health Protection and Promotion Training Programs Based on Social Cognitive Theory (SCT) on the health behaviors of older people. The research will be carried out in two stages. The first phase was planned as a parallel two-arm non-randomized experimental study. This phase is planned to be carried out between November 2024 and January 2025 in two separate elderly homes in Muratpasa district of Antalya province, where older people are concentrated. The sample size was calculated as 108 older people (Intervention-1: 54, Intervention-2: 54). Intervention will be implemented for 12 weeks with the Health Protection and Promotion Training Program Based on SCT under peer leadership in the Intervention-1 group, and the same interventions will be carried out in the Intervention-2 group under the leadership of a nurse. Primary results of the research; health protection and promotion behavior practice, health promotion behavior practice level, self-efficacy belief and health seeking behavior. Secondary measurement results are; It is an assessment of blood pressure, blood sugar, body mass index and cardiovascular disease risk. Results will be measured before and 12 weeks after the intervention with the Health Protection and Promotion Behavior Checklist, Elderly Health Promotion Scale, General Self-Efficacy Scale, and Health Seeking Behavior Scale. In the second stage, it was planned to conduct two qualitative phenomenological design studies. In the first qualitative study, the investigators aimed to deeply understand the views of older people who received peer leader intervention and nurse intervention; In the second qualitative study, it was aimed to understand in depth the experiences of the older people as peer leaders in the health protection and promotion training program based on SCT. In the qualitative phase, the data will be based on the maximum diversity sampling method and will be collected through face-to-face in-depth individual interviews in the workshops of both elderly homes with Semi-Structured Interview Forms in February 2025.


Eligibility Criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

* Low (for women: 0-4 points; for men: 0-3 points) or moderate (for women: 5-8 points; for men: 4-6 points) from the first part of the Health Protection and Promotion Behavior Checklist. Individuals aged 65 and over who score,
* Those who come to the elderly home where the research will be conducted at least once a week,
* Those residing in Antalya province,
* Those who have and can use a smartphone,
* Those who can speak and understand Turkish,
* Those who do not have dementia according to the Mini Mental State Assessment Test Short Form (those who score 9 points and above),
* Those who are independent according to the Katz Activities of Daily Living Scale (those who score 3 points and above),
* Those who agreed to participate in the study voluntarily,
* One elderly person from the same household will be included in this study.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Those who have previously received training on health protection will not be included in the research.