Clinical Trial for Malaria Vaccines to Test for Safety, Immune Response and Protection Against Malaria

The purpose of this study is to test the safety and effectiveness of a new malaria vaccine, the DNA-Ad vaccine. The study is specifically looking at a vaccine regimen against Plasmodium falciparum, the most deadly form of malaria.

The goal of this study is to evaluate if the DNA-Ad vaccine that targets both the liver and blood stages of the malaria life cycle is safe and protective, in hopes to develop a vaccine to prevent infection and/or lessen the severity of disease caused by the P. falciparum malaria parasite. More specifically, this DNA-Ad vaccine contains a liver stage antigen (circumsporozoite protein) and an antigen (apical membrane antigen 1) that is present in both the liver and blood stages designed to prevent infection by killing the majority of developing parasites in the liver and to prevent severe disease and death should break-through blood stage infections occur.

This study is an open-label, Phase 1/2a study designed to assess the safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy of a DNA-Ad vaccine in healthy adults who are Ad5 seropositive or seronegative. The vaccinated study group will consist of up to 20 healthy, malaria-naïve adults aged 18 to 50 years, who have been previously screened to meet inclusion and exclusion criteria and will receive three priming doses of the DNA vaccine and a single dose of the boosting component, an adenovirus-vectored vaccine to be given 4 months after the last dose of DNA. Follow up visits will occur after each immunization. The control group will consist of six non-immunized subjects that will participate in a challenge to assure that vaccinated subjects were indeed exposed to P. falciparum. Subjects in both the immunized and control cohorts will receive malaria challenge. Subjects will be assessed for development of parasitemia by daily blood smears and will be closely observed in hotel after the challenge. Subjects will then be followed periodically and have the final in-person visit twelve weeks after the challenge, followed by annual contact by phone, email, or mailings up to five years after the first dose of immunization per FDA recommendation.

Eligibility Criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

* Healthy adults 18 to 50 years of age (inclusive)
* Women who are not pregnant by a current negative pregnancy test or of non-childbearing potential
* Willing to use an FDA approved birth control method including condoms, birth control pills, sterility surgery, or intrauterine devices among others, from time of enrollment until 6 months after the end of the active phase of the study
* Able to provide free and willing written informed consent to participate
* Score at least 80% correct on a 10 question Assessment of Understanding
* No plans to travel to a malaria endemic area during the course of the study
* Free of significant health problems as established by medical history and clinical examination completed prior to the study
* Available to participate and reachable for duration of study (up to five years)
* Only subjects with no or low cardiac risk factors according to the Gaziano study \[53\] and a normal EKG will be included in the study

Exclusion Criteria:

* Pregnant (positive HCG) or nursing at screening or plans to become pregnant or nurse from the time of enrollment until 6 months after sporozoite challenge
* Any past history of malaria
* History of receipt of malaria vaccine
* Plans to travel to malarious areas during the study period
* Use of any investigational or non-registered drug or vaccine within 30 days prior to enrollment
* Seropositive for HIV, hepatitis C virus (antibodies to HIV and HCV), and/or HBsAg
* Subjects in the immunized group who engage in high-risk behaviors for acquiring HIV
* Allergy to antimalarials or significant (e.g. systemic) hypersensitivity reactions to mosquito bites (local hypersensitivity reactions at the site of a mosquito bite are not an exclusion criterion)
* History of psoriasis (given its interaction with chloroquine)
* Use or planned use of any drugs with significant anti-malarial activity, such as doxycycline, clindamycin, azithromycin, or trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole among others during the study period (subjects can withhold the use of these medications during the study period if approved by their primary care physicians, at the minimum starting from four weeks before vaccine administration until four weeks after becoming parasitemic) Any confirmed or suspected immunosuppressive or immunodeficient condition, including HIV infection and history of splenectomy
* Administration of chronic (defined as more than 14 days) immunosuppressants or other immune-modifying drugs within six months of challenge
* A family history of congenital or hereditary immunodeficiency
* Chronic or active neurologic disease including seizure disorder
* Acute or chronic, clinically significant pulmonary, cardiovascular, hepatic, or renal functional abnormality, as determined by medical history, physical examination, or abnormal baseline laboratory screening tests.
* Abnormal baseline EKG obtained at screening
* Acute disease at the time of enrollment
* Hepatomegaly, right upper quadrant abdominal pain or tenderness: noted by physical exam during the screening process.
* Administration of immunoglobulins and/or any blood products within the three months preceding immunization during the study period
* Use of kanamycin or related antibiotics
* Suspected or known current alcohol abuse/drug abuse as obtained by history and physical examination
* Inability to make follow-up visits
* Any other significant finding that in the opinion of the investigator would increase the risk of having an adverse outcome from participating in this study.