Preemptive Analgesia With Amitryptyline for Prevention of Pain in Women After Hysterectomy

The purpose of this study is to determine whether amitryptyline is effective in the prevention of pain in women after a total abdominal hysterectomy.

It will be performed a randomized clinical trial, double-blind, placebo-controlled, with two branches: one group receiving preemptive analgesia with amitryptyline and one receiving placebo. Blind procedures (blinding):

1. The participant does not know which group participates;
2. The evaluator does not know to which group it belongs to every individual;
3. The tablets provided to patients will be identical.

Study population All patients with total abdominal hysterectomy indication attended in Gynecological Surgery clinic of the Hospital Pedro I.

Sample

It will be obtained a non-consecutive probability sample offering to participate in the study to all women that is going to be submitted to total abdominal hysterectomy indication in the referral hospital from june 2015 to june 2016. Then these will be submitted to randomization process as explained later.

Calculation of the sample Size:

The calculation of sample size was performing using the online software in the public domain Openepi version 2.3.1 (Atlanta, GA). Were used as reference data found in clinical trial using gabapentin versus placebo (AJORI et al., 2011), in which it found an average of Visual Analog Scale score of 0.2 and a standard deviation of 0.8 for the group receiving gabapentin and average of 0.9 to 1.3 standard deviation for the group with placebo administration. For a power of 95% and a significance level of 5%, would require 124 patients (62 in each group) to highlight this difference. It is expected losses or post-randomization exclusion, was added to 20% of the total patients, resulting in 148.8 or approximately 150 patients (75 in each group).

Procedures for participants selection

Patients with total abdominal hysterectomy indication usually are hospitalized in the previous day in the hospital. They will be addressed by one of the researchers to apply a checklist with the criteria for inclusion and exclusion and, if eligible, will be invited to participate. The informed consent will be read aloud and those who agree to participate will then be randomized to one of the groups: amitriptyline or placebo.

Randomization Procedures

A list of random numbers will be previously prepared by a statistical oblivious to research in the public domain software Random Allocation Software version 2.0 (Ispaham, Iran), with 75 patients allocated to the amitriptyline group and 75 to the placebo group.

Boxes will be prepared to pack the tablets containing 25 mg of amitriptyline or placebo. Any amitryptyline as a placebo have been prepared by the hospital pharmacy with aspect (size, shape, weight and color) identical. Consecutively numbered boxes are packed in a 150 intended consecutively for each patient randomized. These boxes will be prepared by a pharmacist also oblivious to the research and researchers, and patients, will not be aware of its content, therefore ensuring it is the concealment of allocation.

Both tablets will be administered orally, with water being offered to patients in the period between six and twelve hours before the surgical procedure by the head nurse of the gynecology ward (blinded to the study), which should correspond to the nighttime for surgeries performed in the morning and the morning period for surgeries performed in the afternoon.

Data processing

The data collected should follow the following protocol for storage: should first occur data collection, followed by creation of a base number of patient follow-up with nine digits. The first six digits should refer to the day of collection in the day, month, year, each with two digits. The last three digits should be reserved to the sequence order in which the tests were performed. Thus, in the case of the first day the patient should be 001 if the second was 002 and so on. Eg patient number 070912005. It is known that was attended for the first time on 07/09/12 and that was the day the patient fifth part of the sample.

The data will be entered in a specific database created in the public domain Epi-Info 7.1.3 program and Medcalc version 13.2.2 or higher, at different times by two different people. After typing, the databases will be compared. Consistency tests and frequency distribution tables of the main variables will be obtained for any errors correction. In the case of finding inconsistencies or lack of information, the forms will be consulted. If doubt remains, will be made the consultation of the records.

At the end of typing, listings will be obtained again for the last correction and creating the final database, which will be submitted to cleaning tests and consistency of information, leading to the final database, which will be used for statistical analysis .

4.15.2 Data Analysis

Statistical analysis will be performed by researchers in the Epi-Info 7.1.3 and Medcalc version 13.2.2 or higher version available at the time, identifying the groups as A or B and breaking up the secrecy only after the results obtained and prepared the tables. Thus, only you know which group received amitriptyline or placebo at the end of the analysis.

The visual analogic scale can be recorded to binary mild / absent and moderate / severe pain pain, using cut-off points to be set later. It will also be analyzed as ordinal variable, using for comparison of the groups the nonparametric Mann-Whitney test. The same procedure is used to evaluate the satisfaction and depression, thereby obtaining categorical variables.

Categorical variables are compared in contingency tables using the chi-square tests of association and Fisher's exact test where appropriate. It will calculate the risk ratio (RR) as a relative measure of risk, determining the 95% confidence interval. The numbers needed to treat and get a benefit and number needed to treat and get a harm will still be calculated and their respective confidence intervals at 95%.

At every stage of the analysis will be adopted the significance level of 5%.

Ethics aspects

This study meets the requirements of the "Declaration of Helsinki" for research on human subjects, and Resolution 466/2012 of the National Health Council (BRAZIL MINISTRY OF HEALTH, 2012).

All participants will be informed about the research objectives and with free will to their participation or not. The participants will be informed about possible side effects and at the same time the possible beneficial effects of amitriptyline, being informed that they will not be aware will be using this drug or placebo. Patients should also be aware that any damage suffered can and preferably should be reported immediately to one of the evaluators. Example: adverse reaction to amitriptyline not provided in the package leaflet.

Eligibility Criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

* Women scheduled for total abdominal hysterectomy for benign conditions (e.g. hemorrhagic and / or uterine fibroid disorder);
* Age between 18 and 60;

Exclusion Criteria:

* Endometriosis;
* Abnormal cervicovaginal smears;
* Uterine prolapse;
* Patients with a history of intolerance to opioids or narcotics;
* Patients with contraindications to the use of amitriptyline (e.g., ischemic heart disease, glaucoma)
* addicted to alcohol or drugs;
* Use of analgesics in the 24 hours prior to the possible administration of amitriptyline;
* Failure to provide informed consent;
* Different anesthesia from spinal anesthesia