Empowering Patients to Participate in Health Care Decisions

The study aims to evaluate whether an intervention with patient education in study circles, aiming to empower patients to participate in health care an rehabilitation by increasing health literacy and sense of coherence, may have a causal effect on perceived health, ability and function as well as independence and quality of life for patients with long-term health-related disabilities and passive coping strategies.

Chronic poor health and impaired work ability entails both personal suffering and considerable social costs. Poverty, homelessness, difficulties to handle complex issues, and maltreatment may affect health outcomes in the long run. Both sense of coherence (SOC) and the ability to understand health-related information (health literacy) influences personal coping strategies and thus the motivation to participate in health care and rehabilitation, which is known to have a positive impact on health outcome. The purpose of this study is to evaluate whether an intervention with patient education in study circles, aiming to empower patients to participate in health care and rehabilitation by increasing health literacy and sense of coherence, may have a causal effect on perceived health, ability and function as well as independence and quality of life for patients with long-term health-related disabilities and passive coping strategies. The study design is a cluster randomized controlled study comparing the intervention in addition to treatment as usual (TAU) with TAU. Follow-up is performed with validated questionnaires after 3, 6 and 12 months. Primary outcome is net inactivity days (net days without employment or rehabilitation) and secondary outcome variables are the number of net and gross days with sick leave during the follow-up period, sense of coherence, health literacy, health-related quality of life, confidence in own problem solving ability, work ability and work satisfaction, social function and health habits, symptoms of depression, anxiety, and exhaustion as well as pain and catastrophization. Randomization will be performed at Primary Care Center (PCC) level. Around 30 Primary Care Centers and 400 patients will be included in the study. The intervention consists of patient education with study circles meeting half a day per week for eight following weeks. The study is expected to show whether patient education in study circles aiming to increase health literacy and sense of coherence has a causal effect on perceived health, ability and function, independence and quality of life for patients with long-term health-related disabilities and passive coping strategies compared to TAU.

The research subjects will answer all questionnaires in a web based tool approved for storing research data, esMaker (Entergate AB) on their mobile phone, iPad or computer. Individual web links to the questionnaires will be distributed via e-mail. Research subject identity is replaced with individual codes in esMaker. The research assistant will be in charge of the CodeKey and responsible for distributing the web links and for reminding the research subjects to fill in the questionnaires.

Eligibility Criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

Patients attending primary care centers included in the study.

* Aged 18-64 years
* Health-related impaired work ability \> 60 net days last 6 months

Exclusion Criteria:• Acute crisis

* Serious mental disorder needing psychiatric specialist care
* Serious somatic disease a definite barrier to rehabilitation for a foreseeable future
* Cognitive impairment or not speaking /understanding Swedish