Chloroprocaine 2% vs Ropivacaine 0.75% in Ultrasound-guided Axillary Nerve Block

The Study evaluate the non-inferiority of Test product (Chloroprocaine 2%) versus Reference product (Ropivacaine 0.75%) in terms of proportion of subjects with a successful block for distal upper limb surgeries Successful block: anaesthesia adequate for the surgery without any supplementation in the first 45 min.

This Study evaluate the non-inferiority of Test product (Chloroprocaine 2%) versus Reference product (Ropivacaine 0.75%) in terms of proportion of subjects with a successful block for distal upper limb surgeries, without any supplementation in the first 45 min (see definitions below), calculated from the time of readiness for surgery (complete sensory block). Successful block: anaesthesia adequate for the surgery (complete sensory block), without any supplementation in the first 45 min (even if surgery lasts for \> 45 min), calculated from the time of readiness for surgery (complete sensory block). Supplementation: i.v. premedication or general anaesthesia or pre- or intra-operative systemic analgesia or additional local anaesthetic infiltration

Eligibility Criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

1. Sex and surgery: male and female patients scheduled for short duration (\< 60 min) distal upper limb surgery under axillary nerve block anaesthesia
2. Age: ≥ 18 years old
3. Body Mass Index (BMI): 18 - 32 kg/m2 inclusive
4. ASA physical status: I-III
5. Informed consent: signed written informed consent before inclusion in the study
6. Full comprehension: ability to comprehend the full nature and purpose of the study, including possible risks and side effects; ability to co-operate with the investigator and to comply with the requirements of the entire study

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Physical findings: clinically significant abnormal physical findings which could interfere with the objectives of the study. Contraindications to peripheral nerve block anaesthesia. History of neuromuscular diseases to the upper extremities
2. Axillary status: Axillary local infections, surgical scarring and pathological lymph node enlargement
3. ASA physical status: IV-V
4. Further anaesthesia: Patients anticipated to be requiring further anaesthesia (general or local anaesthesia)
5. Chronic pain syndromes: Patients with chronic pain syndromes (taking opioids, antidepressants, anticonvulsant agents)
6. Allergy: ascertained or presumptive hypersensitivity to the active principle and/or formulations ingredients; ascertained or presumptive hypersensitivity to the amide and ester-type anaesthetics
7. Diseases: significant history of renal, hepatic, gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, respiratory, skin, haematological, endocrine or neurological diseases that may interfere with the aim of the study; ascertained psychiatric diseases, sepsis, blood coagulation disorders, insulin dependent diabetes mellitus, terminal kidney failure
8. Medications: Medication known to interfere with the extent of regional blocks (see chloroprocaine and ropivacaine SmPCs) for 2 weeks before the start of the study. Hormonal contraceptives for females will be allowed
9. Investigative drug studies: participation in the evaluation of any investigational product for 3 months before this study, calculated from the first day of the month following the last visit of the previous study
10. Drug, alcohol: history of drug or alcohol abuse
11. Pregnancy: missing or positive pregnancy test at screening, pregnant or lactating women