Post-ICU Palliative Care Intervention (PIPCI) Trial

This is a single center, pilot, randomized, single-blind, usual care controlled, pragmatic clinical trial of a post-ICU palliative care consultation intervention in older (age ≥50 years) survivors of acute respiratory failure.

Aim 1: To conduct a pilot post-ICU palliative care consultation intervention trial among frail older ICU survivors and their surrogates. Hypothesis:The Investigators can achieve an adequate enrollment rate, protocol adherence, and intervention fidelity.

Aim 2: To estimate effect sizes and variability for changes in symptoms at hospital discharge and 1 month, and to estimate hospice referral rates and acute-care readmission rates at 1 and 3 months. Hypothesis: Effect sizes and feasibility data will inform and support future post-ICU palliative care studies focused on improving ICU survivorship.

Exploratory Aim. To assess the use of methylphenidate that is recommended and dosed by the palliative care physician for the treatment of moderate-to-severe fatigue. Hypothesis: (1) Not all patients with moderate-to-severe fatigue will be recommended for methylphenidate therapy. (2) Patients prescribed methylphenidate for treatment of moderate-to-severe fatigue after critical illness will adhere to methylphenidate therapy.

There is an urgent need for research to improve outcomes for the rapidly growing population of older survivors of critical illness. Most adults, including older adults, survive critical illness. While recovery with minimal sequelae occurs, a substantial proportion of survivors are left with physical disability and cognitive impairment, have an increased risk of death, and incur high health care costs after hospital discharge. In prior work the Investigators have shown that about 75% of older survivors of respiratory failure are phenotypically frail and that these frail ICU survivors have a high burden of uncontrolled symptoms at hospital discharge and 1-month later. Moderate to severe post-ICU fatigue is the most prevalent symptom and may interfere with functional recovery.

This study is designed to determine whether consultation with a palliative care team may help alleviate any physical symptoms or psychological distress that the patients and their caregivers (surrogates) have coming out of the ICU.

Eligibility Criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

* Age ≥ 50 years.
* Acute respiratory failure requiring invasive mechanical ventilation, non-invasive mechanical ventilation (continuous or bi-level positive pressure), or high flow nasal cannula for greater than 24 hours in a Columbia University Medical Center medical or surgical ICU.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Hospital discharge directly from ICU.
* Already received palliative care consultation during the hospitalization.
* Planned discharge to hospice or home hospice. These patients do not need further palliative care consultation since they have already decided on prioritizing palliative care over life-sustaining treatment.
* Respiratory failure due to neurologic diagnosis (intracranial hemorrhage, stroke, or coma). These patients are unlikely to be able to participate in any frailty measurements, and may have difficulty with communicating their symptom burden.
* Pre-existing neurologic disease or stroke with motor deficits. Older adults with motor diseases (e.g Parkinson's disease) will be excluded from frailty measurements because they could present with frailty characteristics from a single disease. This criterion was used to exclude subjects in the original Cardiovascular Health Study from which the Fried frailty phenotype was first assessed.
* Psychiatric history of Bipolar Disorder, Schizoaffective Disorder, or Schizophrenia.
* Current Alcoholism or drug abuse.
* Not English or Spanish speaking. Many surveys are not validated in other languages besides English or Spanish. Obtaining interpreters in other languages for palliative care assessments and intervention can be challenging. We expect \< 3% of all potentially eligible patients/surrogates to not have English or Spanish speaking ability.
* No healthcare proxy or surrogate also consenting to participate.
* Expected to be discharged to a location \>20 miles from Columbia University Medical Center. This discharge radius will make in-person 1-month follow-up feasible.
* Status post heart, lung, or liver transplantation. These patients are not representative of the larger population of older adult survivors of acute respiratory failure.