Evaluation of The Postprandial Impact of Automated Priming Bolus for Full Closed Loop Insulin Delivery

The purpose of this study is to understand the impact of the automated priming boluses on the safety and feasibility of a new fully automated AP controller.

Study participants will be admitted to the hotel for a 4-night study, receiving the two sessions in random order: 1) Fully control loop (FCL) with the bolus priming system (BPS) activated, 2) FCL without the BPS, with a 24-hour washout period in between. During the admission, participants will receive structured meals and have blood glucose control followed to compare time in range 70-180 mg/dL between Controller sessions. After the first 24 hour period on the first FCL approach (BPS vs. no BPS,) that the participant has been randomized to, there will be a 24 hour challenge period before shifting to the other randomized approach; during this session participants will undergo further testing of the control algorithm, including meal challenges and a high-intensity interval training bout.

Eligibility Criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

1. Age ≥18.0 and ≤65 years old at time of consent
2. Clinical diagnosis, based on investigator assessment, of type 1 diabetes for at least one year
3. Currently using insulin for at least six months
4. Currently using insulin pump for at least three months
5. Using insulin parameters such as carbohydrate ratio and correction factors consistently on their pump in order to dose insulin for meals or corrections
6. Current regular exercise (e.g. walk, bike, jog) and be able to participate in a high intensity interval training activity.
7. Access to internet and willingness to upload data during the study as needed
8. For females, not currently known to be pregnant or breastfeeding
9. If female and sexually active, must agree to use a form of contraception to prevent pregnancy while a participant in the study. A negative serum or urine pregnancy test will be required for all females of childbearing potential. Participants who become pregnant will be discontinued from the study. Also, participants who during the study develop and express the intention to become pregnant within the timespan of the study will be discontinued.
10. Willingness to suspend use of any personal CGM for the duration of the clinical trial once the study CGM is in use
11. Willingness to use the UVa closed-loop system throughout study admission
12. Willingness to use personal lispro (Humalog) or aspart (Novolog) during the study admission.
13. Willingness not to start any new non-insulin glucose-lowering agent during the course of the trial (including metformin/biguanides, GLP-1 receptor agonists, pramlintide, DPP-4 inhibitors, sulfonylureas and naturaceuticals)
14. Willingness to eat at least 1 g/kg of carbohydrate per day during the hotel admission
15. Willingness to reschedule if placed on oral steroids
16. An understanding and willingness to follow the protocol and signed informed consent
17. Willingness to follow COVID-19 protocols in place at the time of study.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. History of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) in the 6 months prior to enrollment
2. Severe hypoglycemia resulting in seizure or loss of consciousness in the 12 months prior to enrollment
3. Pregnancy or intent to become pregnant during the trial
4. Currently being treated for a seizure disorder
5. Planned surgery during study duration.
6. Treatment with meglitinides/sulfonylureas at the time of hotel study.
7. Use of metformin/biguanides, GLP-1 agonists, pramlintide, DPP-4 inhibitors, SGLT-2 inhibitors, or naturaceuticals with a change in dose in the past month.
8. Coronary artery disease or heart failure, unless written clearance is received from a cardiologist or personal health care provider allowing clearance for high-intensity interval training and documentation of a negative stress test within the year
9. History of cardiac arrhythmia (except for benign premature atrial contractions and benign premature ventricular contractions which are permitted or previous ablation of arrhythmia without recurrence which may be permitted)
10. Clinically significant electrocardiogram (ECG) at time of Screening, as interpreted by the study medical physician.
11. A known medical condition that in the judgment of the investigator might interfere with the completion of the protocol such as the following examples:

    1. Inpatient psychiatric treatment in the past 6 months
    2. Presence of a known adrenal disorder
    3. Abnormal liver function test results (Transaminase \>2 times the upper limit of normal); testing required for subjects taking medications known to affect liver function or with diseases known to affect liver function
    4. Uncontrolled thyroid disease
    5. Musculoskeletal or other condition that limits participation in exercise portion of study
12. A known medical condition that in the judgment of the investigator might interfere with the completion of the protocol.
13. Positive Covid-19 test result