A Randomized, Placebo-controlled, Double-blind Clinical Trial of Curcuminoids in Oral Lichen Planus

The purpose of this study is to determine whether curcuminoids are effective in the treatment of oral lichen planus.

Lichen planus is a chronic mucocutaneous, immunologic disease. It can affect the oral mucosa, causing changes that can range from white lace-like patterns on the mucosa, to red atrophic changes to the presence of ulcerations. Symptoms can range from none to severe soreness that greatly interferes with eating. The etiology of lichen planus is not known, and because the tissue damage is mediated by immune cells, lichen planus is considered to be an autoimmune disease. Currently, the most common treatment for oral lichen planus (OLP) is use of systemic and/or topical steroids. These medications though efficacious have side-effects that limit the effectiveness of these treatments.

Tumeric, which comes from the plant curcuma longa, has been used for centuries in Ayurveda (Indian traditional medicine) for its anti-inflammatory properties. In western scientific studies, including invitro studies, animal studies and human studies, components of tumeric called curcuminoids (which include, curcumin (diferuloyl methane), demethoxycurcumin, and bisdemethoxycurcumin) have been found to have anti-inflammatory properties and to be very safe, with few side-effects even at high doses.

The objective of this study is to determine whether curcuminoids, which are safe, non-toxic compounds, can be used to control the signs and symptoms of OLP, a disease which can have serious morbidity, and for which current treatment has significant side-effects. If found to be efficacious, these tumeric extracts will aid patients with OLP in reducing symptoms and therefore the morbidity associated with OLP.

Eligibility Criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

* Patients presenting to the UCSF oral medicine clinic with oral lichen planus confirmed by biopsy. Patients with either the atrophic or the erosive form of oral lichen planus were eligible.
* Study subjects had to have a symptom score between 3 to 8 at the time of entry into the study. (Range of scale: zero to ten, with zero being no symptoms and ten being the worst imaginable symptoms.)
* Eligible subjects had to have discontinued systemic and/or topical corticosteroids for at least two weeks before entry into the study.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Pregnancy, lactation or unwillingness to use an effective method of contraception. An attempt was to be made to ascertain the date of the last menstrual period among eligible pre-menopausal women. If pregnancy could not be ruled out, a pregnancy test was to be provided to the women before enrollment into the study.
* Patients younger than 21 years of age.
* Patients who could not return for follow-up visits at one week, 4 weeks and 7 weeks after enrollment.
* Patients with a medical contraindication or refusal to take prednisone and or/fluconazole.
* Patients who had a medical contraindication to discontinuation of systemic corticosteroids (eg. those on long term corticosteroid therapy).
* Patients with a history of gastric / duodenal ulcers or gallstones.
* Patients with a history of liver disease.
* Patients on anticoagulants or antiplatelet medications.
* Patients undergoing orthodontic treatment.