Feasibility Study of Balloon Kyphoplasty in Traumatic Vertebral Fractures Needing Surgical Fixation

Some unstable traumatic vertebral fractures (types A3.2, A3.3, B1 et C1 according to MAGERL classification) may undergo unpredictable secondary displacement. Such fractures require a two session surgery with a first operation carried out immediately to achieve posterior fixation and a second surgery which is performed some days later to stabilize the anterior spine and restore stress resistance.

Goal of the present study is to show that percutaneous Balloon Kyphoplasty is able to restore anterior spine strength and replace second session surgery.

Patients with traumatic vertebral fractures type A3.2, A3.3, B1 and C1 of the MAGERL classification will be enrolled in this open study. They will be operated on in emergency to perform spinal canal decompression, fracture reduction and posterior fixation using fixation plates with pedicular screws combined with bone graft.

During the same surgery or some days later on, percutaneous Balloon kyphoplasty of the fractured vertebral body (ies) using polymethylmetacrylate cement injection through a posterior transpedicular approach will be carried out in replacement of anterior spine surgery to restore vertebral body strength.Patients will be followed up for one year.

Expected advantages of this management compared the conventional two session surgery include the following:

* decreased morbidity due to suppression of the anterior surgery
* improve final spine alignment and vertebral Kyphotic angle avoiding the loss in kyphotic angle which often occurs between the posterior and anterior surgery with the conventional two session surgery.

Eligibility Criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

* Preliminary clinical examination (the anaesthesist must have provided his approval for the surgical procedure)
* Patient must have signed the consent form
* Male or female patient aged 18 or over
* One or two traumatic vertebral fractures located between T11 and L5 and type A3.2, A3.3, B1 or C1 in the MAGERL classification, and with a regional kyphotic angle \> 15° and treated by osteosynthesis through a posterior surgical approach with or without spinal decompression
* Fracture with or without neurological difficulties
* Non tumoral origin: Confirmed by biopsy at the same time of the Balloon Kyphoplasty procedure.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Non- traumatic, malignant or osteoporotic vertebral fractures
* History of surgical or percutaneous spine treatment except simple discectomy at a single or multiple vertebral levels with no residual pain.
* Known allergy to a contrast media or to one of the cement components used for kyphoplasty.
* More than two recent vertebral fractures
* Current infection
* Impossibility to perform the percutaneous approach of the vertebra to treat.
* Reduction by more than 50% of the anteroposterior width of the bony spinal canal due to the vertebral fracture to treat.
* Vertebral fracture with loss of 90%or more of the vertebral body height
* Patient presenting a non correctable spontaneous or therapeutic coagulation disorder.
* Evolutive cardiac disease nonreactive to medical treatment
* Non compliant patient: Impossibility to participate to the study and to be followed up for 1 year.
* Pregnant or breast feeding women
* Patient not affiliated to social security