Efficacy, Pharmacokinetics (PK), Safety and Tolerability Study of Inhaled AZD8871

This is a study to evaluate the effects of AZD8871 in patients with COPD. Adult male or female patients with moderate to severe COPD, who agree to be in this study, will receive 3 treatments, i.e. 2 different doses of AZD8871 and placebo (dummy medication containing no drug) at once a day for 2 weeks, in a random order. To make the comparison between AZD8871 and placebo as fair as possible, this study is "double blinded." This means that neither patient nor the study doctor will know in which order the 3 treatments will be given. This study will include patients who are between 40 and 80 years of age. In total there will be 42 patients participating in this study at two study centers in the United Kingdom and Germany. The study will have a total of 12 visits for each patient spanning for a period of 4 to 6 months. The study is anticipated to run for approximately 8 months and should not exceed 10 months.

This is a proof-of-concept, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, 3-way, complete crossover William's design, multiple dose study to investigate the efficacy, PK, safety, and tolerability of 2 dose levels of AZD8871 and placebo, administered using a dry powder inhaler (DPI) device once daily, for 2 weeks, in patients with moderate to severe COPD. AZD8871 is a new chemical entity with the combined properties of a LAMA and a LABA in a single molecule. AZD8871 is being developed as an inhaled long-acting bronchodilator for the maintenance treatment of COPD.

The objective of the study is to assess the efficacy, safety and PK of AZD8871 after a 14-day treatment period at 2 different doses in patients with moderate to severe COPD. The target population includes male and female (non-childbearing potential) adult patients with clinical diagnosis of moderate to severe COPD. The crossover design has been chosen to avoid inter-patient variability and optimize sample size. By randomly assigning treatment sequence, differences in baseline characteristics of the treatment groups will be minimised. The inclusion of a placebo arm is considered the most reliable method to minimise patient and Investigator bias. The proposed dose levels of AZD8871 in this study are 100 and 600 µg of AZD8871 given by inhalation once daily for 14 days through a single dose DPI. Doses have been selected based on the safety, tolerability, PK and pharmacodynamics (PD) information generated in previous clinical trials with AZD8871. The wash-out period proposed for this current study is a minimum of 28 days and up to 35 days in order to avoid any carry over effect between periods. The broad dose range selected (6 fold range from 100 to 600 µg) has been chosen to span the likely therapeutic dose and facilitate the dose selection for future studies. Considering the expected efficacy in patients with COPD and the available data to date, it is anticipated the benefits will outweigh the risks and support the continued investigation of AZD8871 in clinical studies.

Eligibility Criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

1. Patient who provided of informed consent prior to any study-specific procedures
2. Male or female 40 to 80 years of age (both inclusive) at Screening (Visit 1). A female is eligible to enter and participate in the study if she is of non-childbearing potential.

   Note: A female is considered to be of non-childbearing potential if she meets one of the following criteria:
   * Permanently or surgically sterilised, including hysterectomy and/or bilateral oophorectomy and/or bilateral salpingectomy
   * Post-menopausal; aged \<50 years and amenorrhoeic for 12 months or more following cessation of exogenous hormonal treatments and with luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) levels in the post-menopausal range of the local laboratory.
   * Post-menopausal; aged ≥50 years and amenorrhoeic for 12 months or more, following cessation of all exogenous hormonal treatments.
3. Male patient should use a condom and spermicide to prevent pregnancy and drug exposure of a partner, regardless of the gender or childbearing potential of the partner from the day of the first administration of the investigational product (IP) until 3 months after the last administration of the IP.
4. COPD Diagnosis: Patient with an established clinical history of COPD for more than 1 year at Screening, according to the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease 2016 COPD guidelines.
5. Tobacco Use: Patient is a current or former smoker with a history of ≥10 pack-years of cigarette smoking. A former smoker is defined as one who has stopped smoking for at least 6 months prior to Screening.
6. Patient with post-bronchodilator FEV1/FVC (Forced vital capacity) ratio \<70% based on the value reached after inhalation of salbutamol (400 µg) at Visit 2. If criterion is not met, the test can be repeated at the latest, up to Day 14.
7. Patient with post-bronchodilator FEV1 that must be ≥40% and \<80% predicted normal value and must also be \>750 mL at Visit 2. If criterion is not met, the test can be repeated at the latest, up to Day 14.
8. Patient who fulfils reversibility criteria to salbutamol at Visit 2. Reversibility is defined as ≥12% and ≥200 mL increase in FEV1 after inhalation of 4 puffs of salbutamol. (400 µg). If criterion is not met, the test can be repeated at the latest, up to Day 14.
9. Patient is willing and, in the opinion of the Investigator, able to change current COPD therapy as required by the protocol and willing to use ipratropium Four times a day (if needed, during run-in and wash-out periods) with or without Inhaled corticosteroid for maintenance therapy of COPD and as needed rescue salbutamol from Visit 1 up Visit 11.
10. Patient is free from any clinically active disease other than COPD that may impact study outcome, as determined by medical history, physical examination, laboratory testing, and 12-lead ECG findings, at Screening.
11. Patient is willing to remain at the study centre as required per protocol to complete all visit assessments.
12. Patient with body mass index (BMI) \<40 kg/m2 at the time of screening.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Patient previously enrolled in the present study.
2. Patient has significant diseases other than COPD, ie, disease or condition or an abnormality in laboratory, ECG, medical history or physical examination which, in the opinion of the Investigator, may put the patient at risk because of participation in the study or may influence either the results of the study or the patient'spatient's ability to participate in the study.
3. Childbearing potential female, pregnant or lactating.
4. Patient who, in the opinion of the Investigator, has a current diagnosis of asthma.
5. Patient has alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency as the cause of COPD.
6. Patient has other active pulmonary disease such as active tuberculosis, lung cancer, bronchiectasis sarcoidosis, idiopathic interstitial pulmonary fibrosis, primary pulmonary hypertension, or uncontrolled sleep apnoea. Allergic rhinitis is not exclusionary.
7. Lung surgery for volume reduction or lung transplantation: Patient has undergone lung volume reduction surgery, lobectomy, or bronchoscopic lung volume reduction (endobronchial blockers, airway bypass, endobronchial valves, thermal vapour ablation, biological sealants, massive pulmonary embolism and airway implants) within 1 year of Screening (Visit 1).
8. Patient is using nocturnal positive pressure (eg, continuous positive airway pressure or bi level positive airway pressure). Patient is using any non-invasive positive pressure ventilation device.

   Note: A patient using continuous positive airway pressure or bi level positive airway pressure for Sleep Apnoea Syndrome is allowed in the study.
9. Patient has been hospitalised due to poorly controlled COPD within 3 months of Screening.
10. Patient has acute worsening of COPD that requires treatment with corticosteroids or antibiotics in the 6 week interval prior to Screening (Visit 1), or during the Screening Period (between Visits 1 and 3).
11. Patient has had lower respiratory tract infections that required antibiotics within 6 weeks prior to Screening.
12. Patient cannot perform acceptable spirometry, ie, meet American Thoracic Society (ATS)/European Respiratory Society (ERS) acceptability criteria.
13. Patient has changed their smoking status (ie, start or stop smoking) or initiation of a smoking cessation program within 6 weeks prior to Screening.
14. Patient has participated in the acute phase of a pulmonary rehabilitation program within 4 weeks prior to Screening or who will enter the acute phase of a pulmonary rehabilitation program during the study. A patient in the maintenance phase of a pulmonary rehabilitation program is not to be excluded.
15. Cardiac disease: Subject with significant cardiovascular disease cardiovascular instability. Patient with heart rate \<50 beats per minute. Patient has clinically significant uncontrolled hypertension as assessed by the investigator.
16. Neurological: Patient with seizures or history of seizures requiring anticonvulsants within 12 months prior to Screening. Patient is taking selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors or serotonin--norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors whose dose has not been stable for at least 4 weeks prior to Screening, or exceeds the maximum recommended dose.
17. Renal: Patient with symptomatic bladder neck obstruction, acute urinary retention or symptomatic non-stable prostate hypertrophy. 35.23. Patient with a serum potassium value \<3.5 mmol/L at Screening and on repeat testing. Note: however potassium replacement and rescreening is allowed if serum potassium concentration was \< 3.5mmol/l at screening.
18. Others:

    * Any laboratory abnormality or suspicion of any clinically relevant disease or disorder (on history or examination), including uncontrolled hypertension or uncontrolled diabetes, which, in the opinion of the Investigator, may either put the patient at risk because of participation in the study, or influence the results or the patient's ability to participate in the study, or any other safety concerns in the opinion of the Investigator.
    * History of malignancy of any organ system, treated or untreated within the past 5 years, with the exception of localized basal cell carcinoma of the skin
    * Patient with known narrow-angle glaucoma.
    * Patient has a history of hypersensitivity to β2-agonists, muscarinic anticholinergics or lactose/milk protein. Lactose intolerance is not an exclusion criterion.
    * The patient has a known or suspected history of alcohol or drug of abuse within the past 2-year period years or consuming more than 14 (female subjects) or 21 (male subjects) units of alcohol a week, or shows positive for drugs of abuse and alcohol tests at screening and prior to randomization.
    * Patient who, in the opinion of the Investigator, would be unable to abstain from protocol-defined prohibited medications during the study.
    * Patient who received a live attenuated vaccination within 30 days prior to Screening.
    * Patient involved in the planning and/or conduct of the study (applies to both AstraZeneca staff and/or staff at the study site).
    * Patient treated with investigational drug or device in another clinical trial within the last 30 days or five half-lives (whichever is longer) prior to Screening.
    * Patient who donated or lost \>500 mL of blood and plasma within the previous 3 months prior to screening.
    * Patient is unlikely to co-operate with the requirements of the study, instructions of the Principal Investigator., or have e-dairy completion rate of \< 70% during the run in period.
    * Patient with known human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection or chronic hepatitis B or C infection.