The Effect of Different Exercise Approaches on Passive Mechanical Properties of Hamstring and Quadriceps Muscles, Strength and Jumping Performance

The mechanical characteristics play a crucial role in sustaining daily life activities and facilitating participation in sport activities and exercises demanding a diverse range of motion. Furthermore, it is postulated that the mechanical composition of the muscle could impact the minimal energy expenditure, perceived exertion, and risk of injury during physical activities. This study aims to examine the effects of various exercise approaches, including aerobic exercise, strength training, and whole-body vibration, on the passive mechanical properties of muscle tissue.

Exercise applications are utilized in the maintenance of functional status, enhancement of performance, and prevention of injuries in healthy individuals while also serving therapeutic purposes in pathological conditions. Exercise programs implemented in both healthy individuals and those with disabilities have the potential to offer clinical and functional benefits, leading to physiological changes and mechanical adaptations within the muscle.The enhancement of muscle strength, endurance, and functional performance is observed in accordance with the individuals' physical fitness level and the type of exercise program undertaken. One additional determinant influencing performance is the passive mechanical properties of the muscle. The phrase "passive mechanical properties" denotes the mechanical properties exhibited by skeletal muscles in a state of quiescence, i.e., devoid of voluntary contraction. The passive mechanical properties of muscle encompass properties such as muscle tone, stiffness, thickness, and elasticity. Furthermore, it is postulated that the mechanical composition of the muscle could impact the minimal energy expenditure, perceived exertion, and risk of injury during physical activities. When implemented in either isolated or combined programs, exercises focusing on strengthening, stretching, and aerobic activities can have an impact on muscle mechanics.8,9 Within scholarly literature, there exist investigations that suggest a limited impact on the mechanical properties of muscles following exercise, alongside findings that demonstrate consistent exercise does not induce alterations in muscle stiffness.

Within academic discourse, it is established that power, force, and movement speed represent pivotal elements in elucidating superior performance at an advanced level. Physical fitness parameters, as demonstrated determinants of performance, exhibit direct correlation with muscle structure. The aim of this study was to examine the impact of various exercise approaches, including aerobic, strength training, and whole-body vibration, on passive mechanical properties of muscle tissue. Additionally, the study sought to assess how potential alterations in muscle mechanics might manifest in terms of performance outcomes.

Eligibility Criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

* Physically healthy and able to engage in the exercise program without any impediments.
* Voluntary participation

Exclusion Criteria:

* Prior surgical interventions.
* Neuromuscular or neurodegenerative disorders.
* Heart failure.
* Cardiac stents.
* Pregnancy.
* Participants who do not meet the above criteria, even if their current health status permits participation in exercise activities.