Examining the Differential Effects of Photobiomodulation on Sleep and Performance

The objective of this research study is to assess how the implementation of photobiomodulation affects sleep quality, sleep structure, nocturnal physiology, subjective wellness, recovery from stressors, and resultant effects on performance and well-being.

Photobiomodulation (PBM) is light therapy in both the visible and near-infrared range (non-UV). This light is absorbed through the skin and functions at the cellular level, providing a lowering of inflammation and oxidative stress. By provoking these photochemical changes, previous research indicates that PBM can provide both physical (e.g. pain reduction, strength enhancement) and cognitive benefits (e.g. increased memory extinction, improved cortical oxygen consumption). PBM is effective both preceding and succeeding functional tests, proving its ability to provide a preventative and rehabilitative impact on the functionality of cells and tissues. Metabolic changes to the cerebral cortex and the muscular system combine with anti-inflammatory and protective capabilities to augment recovery from physiological stressors. A plurality of literature reports light therapy given solely to specific body regions. However, partial body treatment may limit the comprehensive and systematic response to PBM treatment. Consequently, recent developments from commercial companies, such as NovoTHOR, have generated a consumer market for whole-body PBM. Yet, the physiological responses to these treatment modalities, as well as their effects on health and well-being is not fully understood.

Participants will undergo a four week block of baseline data collection, which involves nightly sleep monitoring, as well as daily, weekly, and monthly surveys and assessments. Following the baseline block, participants will complete a four week intervention block completing 3 PBM sessions per week. PBM sessions will be completed using the NovoThor light bed and will last 20 minutes in duration. Daily, weekly, and monthly monitoring and tasks will continue throughout this block.

Eligibility Criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

* Male or female 18-50 years of age

Exclusion Criteria:

* Has a head diameter outside the range of 20.8-24 inches, or an approved head-mounted EEG device doesn't otherwise fit properly
* Exceeds 290 pounds in body weight
* Has photophobia (light sensitivity)
* Has epilepsy or is prone to seizures
* Has thyroid problems or has been medicated for thyroid issues
* Has a current lower body musculoskeletal injury
* Has a current injury requiring an irremovable cast
* Is pregnant or actively trying to become pregnant
* Has a known or diagnosed sleep disorder
* Females who have become menopausal or are exhibiting signs or symptoms of becoming perimenopausal
* Females who are unable to identify when their monthly menstrual period will occur
* Individuals who work during the night shift or have significantly abnormal sleep schedule
* Has undergone travel across more than two collective time zones in the last two weeks
* Individuals who intend to have any significant medical procedures scheduled to occur within 12 weeks of enrollment
* Individuals who have intentions, or have discussed with their doctor, about adding or making any alterations to their prescribed medications within 12 weeks of enrollment
* Individuals who have any travel plans or other obligations within 12 weeks of enrollment that would prevent them from completing study requirements and attending required laboratory visits
* Individuals who intend to make significant alterations to their sleeping patterns within 12 weeks of enrollment. This may include, but is not limited to, changes such as moving, getting a new mattress, having someone move in with them, etc.
* Does not meet the ACSM's guidelines for exercise prescription. This is defined as:

  1. Presenting with an absolute contraindication OR

     1. Has a known cardiovascular, pulmonary, renal, metabolic disease, or other chronic illness
     2. Presents with symptoms indicating cardiovascular, pulmonary, renal, or metabolic disease
  2. presenting with two or more relative contraindications