Tissue Procurement and Natural History Study of People With Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer, Small Cell Lung Cancer, Extrapulmonary Small Cell Cancer, Pulmonary Neuroendocrine Tumors, and Thymic Epithelial Tumors

Background:

- Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. It causes more than one million deaths every year. Researchers want to gather tissue samples from people with lung and thymic cancers to understand the disease better. This may lead to new ways to diagnose and treat it.

Objective:

- To collect tissue samples for use in the study of lung cancers.

Eligibility:

- Adults over age 18 with non-small cell lung cancer, small cell lung cancer, extra pulmonary small cell cancer, pulmonary neuroendocrine tumors, and thymic epithelial tumors.

Design:

* Participants will be screened with a medical history, physical exam, and blood tests. They will be asked about how they perform their daily tasks.
* Participants may be asked to give urine and blood samples. They may give a saliva sample if they cannot give blood. They will also give a sample of their tumor from a biopsy they had. They may also be given the option to undergo a biopsy.
* Participants may have MRI, CT, and/or PET scans of the body. They will lie in a machine that takes pictures of the body.
* After visits to the Clinical Center end, researchers will contact participants by phone every year to check on their health.

Background:

* Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide, accounting for more than one million deaths every year.
* Several genetic and epigenetic alterations are involved in initiation and progression of NSCLC. Some of these alterations are seen in normal and pre-neoplastic cells as well, suggesting a sequential development from normal epithelial cells to cancer, through a multistep process, usually coincident with cigarette smoking.
* This natural history protocol is an extension of our Molecular Profiling protocol to enable tissue collection for more in-depth proteomic and genomic analyses to understand tumor biology and treatment response.
* A cohort of patients enrolled in this natural history study is likely to enroll in the IRB approved protocol for end-of-life in-patient hospice and rapid autopsy following death (13-C-0131). Longitudinally collected tumor tissue from these patients, including from several metastatic sites at autopsy will be a unique resource to understand tumor evolution.
* There will be opportunity to embark upon a wide array of studies in the future with the longitudinally collected tissue samples tagged with clinical information from patients.

Objectives:

- To allow sample acquisition for use in the study of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), Small cell lung cancer (SCLC), extrapulmonary small cell cancer (ESCC), pulmonary neuroendocrine tumors (PNET), and thymic epithelial tumors (TETs).

Eligibility:

* Patients with histologically or cytologically confirmed NSCLC, SCLC, ESCC, PNET, and TET.
* Patients consulted in the Clinical Center without a definitive diagnosis, but clinically considered likely to have a thoracic malignancy of the above histologies, pending further tissue acquisition and/or pathology review.
* Age greater than or equal to 18 years.

Design:

* This is a biospecimen collection and natural history protocol in which samples will be collected from patients with NSCLC, SCLC, ESCC, PNET, and TET.
* Eligible patients undergoing screening for or participating in NIH protocols or eligible patients treated elsewhere and referred from other oncologists will be referred for participation in this study.
* Upon providing informed consent, patients will undergo sample acquisition procedures, which may include a tumor biopsy, bone marrow biopsy or the collection of blood, urine or other body fluids.
* An accrual ceiling of 2000 subjects is planned.

Eligibility Criteria:
* INCLUSION CRITERIA:
* Individuals with histologically or cytologically confirmed NSCLC, SCLC, ESCC, PNET, and TET.
* Individuals consulted in the Clinical Center without a definitive diagnosis, but clinically considered likely to have a malignancy of the above histologies, pending further tissue acquisition and/or pathology review.
* Age greater than or equal to18 years. Children are excluded from the study, as the above thoracic malignancies are rare in this population.
* Ability of subject to understand and the willingness to sign a written informed consent document.

EXCLUSION CRITERIA:

* Active symptomatic major organ disorder that would increase the risk of biopsy, including but not limited to ischemic heart disease, recent myocardial infarction, active congestive heart failure, pulmonary dysfunction.
* Active concomitant medical or psychological illnesses that may increase the risk to the subject, at the discretion of the Principal Investigator.
* Known HIV-positive individuals not on combination antiretroviral therapy are ineligible.