PCT for Speech, Language, and Cognitive Intervention in Stroke Patients

Given the evolving uses of technology in rehabilitation, the investigators aimed to measure the change in aphasia severity using PCT App, a digital therapeutic adapted from Constant Therapy (CT), a dynamic, personalized therapy program for people with cognitive, speech, or language disorders.

The entire study, including recruitment, enrollment, assessment and treatment were conducted remotely.

The proposed pilot study seeks to compare performance of PCT therapy vs. conventional workbook intervention for stroke patients. The investigators hypothesize that the experimental (PCT) group will experience greater gains on the WAB-AQ at follow-up compared to baseline compared to a control (workbook) group.

Subjects were prospectively assigned to an experimental or active control group in a random order with both groups balanced for their baseline level of speech, language and/or cognitive ability:

1. Experimental Group: Participants were instructed to use PCT for at least 30 minutes/day, 5 days/week. Performance and usage data were automatically reported by the PCT software to the treating clinician and was used to modify task assignment over time and monitor participant adherence to the treatment program.
2. Active Control Group: Participants were provided with a standard regime of paper workbooks (e.g. Workbook for Aphasia; Brubaker, 2006) that are typically used by clinicians with persons with aphasia (PWA) for at least 30 minutes/day, 5 days/week. Notably, the control procedure employed here is similar to a large-scale study examining technology as a treatment option by Palmer and colleagues (2015).

The treatment period was 10 weeks. All participants received a bimonthly check-in through video-chat with a member of the research staff during the treatment period.


Eligibility Criteria:
Inclusion criteria:

* Have diagnosis of stroke involving a hemorrhage or ischemic event, resulting in speech, language, and/or cognitive deficits
* Have time post-stroke of at least 4 months prior to enrollment
* Have been discharged from rehabilitation hospital
* Are adults (aged 18 years or older) at the time of consent
* Exhibit clinically confirmed speech, language, and/or cognitive deficits based on medical records
* Are fluent English speakers
* Have confirmed aphasia using the WAB-R Aphasia Quotient (score of 90 or lower; 93.8 is cutoff for normal scores)
* Have a presence of a family member or caregiver who is willing and able to provide assistance during the duration of study period

Exclusion Criteria:

* Have comorbid neurological conditions that could impair study participation in the opinion of the investigator, such as dementia or Parkinson's disease
* Currently require inpatient care or acute care
* Are currently undergoing related one-on-one individual therapy at a hospital, rehabilitation facility, university, or at home
* Exhibit severe apraxia of speech or severe dysarthria of speech, as verified by a clinician and confirmed by the WAB-R (and the Screen for Dysarthria and Apraxia of Speech if necessary), and/or medical records
* Have comorbid psychiatric conditions that could impair study participation in the opinion of the investigator, including such as schizophrenia or major depressive disorder, as indicated by medical records
* Have uncorrected hearing or vision loss