A Study to Assess the Safety of Hep C Vaccine Candidates in HIV Seropositive Individuals

This study is aimed at assessing the safety of candidate Hepatitis C (Hep C) vaccines AdCh3NSmut1 and MVA-NSmut when administered to Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) seropositive individuals. This study also aims to assess the cellular immune response generated by these vaccines when administered as mentioned above.

Hepatitis C (Hep C) is a common infection. Worldwide, over 180 million people are infected. Hep C is a blood borne viral infection spread through direct contact with the blood of an infected person. People with Hep C frequently have no symptoms and infection can lead to fibrosis (scarring of the liver), liver failure and cancer. Infection with the Hep C virus (HCV) progresses more rapidly to liver damage in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-infected individuals.

Researchers at the University of Oxford have developed a novel candidate vaccine against HCV ('NSmut'). This vaccine has been inserted into the carrier viruses Chimpanzee Adenovirus 3 (AdCh3) and modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA), both of which have excellent safety records and have been previously tested in people.

However, the objective of this study is to use exploratory immunological assays to assess whether vaccines for Hep C can induce immune responses in HIV positive individuals that are similar in strength to those in healthy volunteers.

Eligibility Criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

* HIV-1 seropositive adults must satisfy all the following inclusion criteria to be eligible for the study:

  * Aged 18 to 60 years (inclusive)
  * Resident in or near the trial sites for the duration of the vaccination study for the participant
  * Able and willing (in the Investigator's opinion) to comply with all study requirements
  * HIV Viral Load \<50 copies/mL at the last routine HIV follow-up visit within the last 9 months prior to inclusion whilst on treatment with an effective ART regimen
  * Willingness to remain on ART for the study duration
  * CD4 cell count above 350 cells/uL
  * Negative HCV serology and negative HCV RNA polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing
  * For women of child bearing potential, willingness to practise continuous effective contraception during the study and a negative pregnancy test on the day(s) of vaccination. Effective contraception is defined as a contraceptive method with failure rate of less than 1% per year when used consistently and correctly and, when applicable, in accordance with the product label. In subjects on ART, these are:

    * Injectable progestogen
    * Male partner sterilisation prior to the female subject's entry into the study, and this male is the sole partner for that subject
    * Male condom combined with a vaginal spermicide (foam, gel, film, cream or suppository)
    * Intrauterine device or intrauterine system
    * In addition male partners should use condoms until 3 months after the last vaccination
  * Male trial participants with a female partner of child bearing potential should use condoms until 3 months after the last vaccination. In addition, the female partner should use one of the following contraceptive methods, i.e.

    * Oral or injectable hormonal contraception
    * Sterilisation
    * Intrauterine device or intrauterine system
  * Male trial participants with pregnant partners should use condoms until 3 months after the last vaccination
  * Written informed consent

Exclusion Criteria:

* HIV-1 seropositive adults may not enter the study if any of the following exclusion criteria apply:

  * Participation in another research study involving an investigational product in the 30 days preceding enrolment, or planned use during the study period
  * Prior receipt of a recombinant simian or human adenoviral vaccine
  * Clinical, biochemical (abnormal liver synthetic dysfunction defined by an elevated blood prothrombin time or a low blood albumin level), ultrasonographic, FibroscanTM, or liver biopsy (histology) evidence of cirrhosis or portal hypertension
  * Ongoing or recent (\<12 months) AIDS defining illness (US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) definition)
  * History of allergic disease or reactions likely to be exacerbated by any component of the vaccine, including egg products or gentamicin.
  * History of clinically significant contact dermatitis
  * Any history of anaphylaxis or serious reaction in relation to vaccination
  * Pregnancy, lactation or willingness/intention to become pregnant during the study
  * Known active malignant disease (except basal cell carcinoma of the skin and cervical carcinoma in situ)
  * Current suspected or known injecting drug abuse (except individuals participating in a heroin substitution program without known or suspected concomitant drug abuse). Participants will be counselled regarding the risk of HCV acquisition during the trial.
  * Seropositive for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)
  * Positive test for Hepatitis C antibody and/or PCR
  * Moderate neutropenia (Absolute neutrophil count of \<1,000 cells/uL)
  * Moderate thrombocytopenia (Platelet count \<80,000 cells/uL)
  * Anaemia (Haemoglobin \<10g/dL)
  * History of pericarditis and/or myocarditis
  * Heart failure (left ventricular ejection fraction \<20%) in the patient history or current medical treatment for heart failure.
  * History of immunologically mediated disease (e.g. inflammatory bowel disease, idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, lupus erythematosus, autoimmune hemolytic anemia, scleroderma, rheumatoid arthritis requiring more than intermittent nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications for management)
  * History of organ transplantation
  * History of severe psychiatric disease, including psychosis and/or depression, characterised by a suicide attempt, hospitalisation for psychiatric disease, or a period of disability as a result of psychiatric disease.
  * History of a significant coagulopathy (i.e. International Normalised Ratio (INR) \> 1.3 and/or Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (APTT) \> 1.5 upper limits of normal) or anticoagulant therapy at time of vaccination
  * Receipt of any oral or systemic antineoplastic or immunomodulatory (e.g. oral systemic corticosteroids) treatment or radiation within 24 weeks before Day 0 or the expectation that such treatment will be needed at any time during the study. Topical or inhaled corticosteroid use is allowed.
  * Any other significant disease, disorder or finding, which, in the opinion of the Investigator, may either put the patient at risk because of participation in the study, or may influence the result of the study, or the patient's ability to participate in the study