Prospective Assessment of Acute Skin Toxicities in Breast Cancer Patients Undergoing Retreatment with 40 Gy in 15 Fractions Radiation Therapy

The most common cancer affecting Canadian women is breast cancer, with an estimated 1 in 8 women expected to be diagnosed with breast cancer during their lifetime. Improved screening and treatment have decreased mortality of breast cancer patients, however 14% of cancer-related deaths in Canadian women are still due to breast cancer. Common treatments for breast cancer include surgery, chemotherapy, hormone therapy, and radiation therapy (RT).

Despite recent improvements in treatment and preventative screenings, 20% of breast cancer patients will develop local disease recurrence or another ipsilateral primary breast cancer. . The optimal treatment of recurrent or new primary breast cancers for patients who have undergone prior radiotherapy (RT) is not well-defined. Common treatment approaches consist of mastectomy or a second breast conserving surgery (BCS) with whole or partial breast reirradiation (reRT). In the past, mastectomy has been the preferred treatment for recurrent breast cancer due to concerns over serious acute and late skin toxicities that may result from additional reRT. Many of these late skin toxicities, such as fibrosis, are chronic and can result in patients experiencing pain or other negative impacts to quality of life (QOL).

Despite recent improvements in treatment and preventative screenings, 20% of breast cancer patients will develop local disease recurrence or another ipsilateral primary breast cancer. The optimal treatment of recurrent or new primary breast cancers for patients who have undergone prior radiotherapy (RT) is not well-defined. Common treatment approaches consist of mastectomy or a second breast conserving surgery (BCS) with whole or partial breast reirradiation (reRT). In the past, mastectomy has been the preferred treatment for recurrent breast cancer due to concerns over serious acute and late skin toxicities that may result from additional reRT. Many of these late skin toxicities, such as fibrosis, are chronic and can result in patients experiencing pain or other negative impacts to quality of life (QOL).

Currently at our centre, the regimen for recurrent breast cancer has been whole or partial (preferred) breast irradiation with a dose fractionation of 45 Gy in 25 fractions. However, there is concern over the treatment burden and skin toxicities that this 5-week long fractionation schedule may cause. Our breast radiation group has been recently allowed to employ 40 Gy in 15 fractions as an acceptable reRT dose fractionation. Therefore, it is vital to investigate dose fractionations for breast cancer patients undergoing retreatment due to being at a high risk of developing severe RD

Furthermore, few previous studies examining breast reRT at any dose for recurrent breast cancer have collected data on patient- and clinician- reported outcomes for QOL and symptoms associated with RD. Therefore, there is a need to conduct further research on the use of hypofractionated reRT for patients with recurrent breast cancer to discover its impact on the severity of acute skin toxicities.

Eligibility Criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

* Age ≥ 18 years old
* Informed consent
* Histological confirmation of breast malignancy (invasive or in situ carcinoma) or phyllodes
* Previous history of ipsilateral breast cancer treated with RT
* Patients are planned to receive hypofractionated (40Gy/15) RT to the whole or partial breast or chest wall
* Patients treated with or without the addition of a planned boost or bolus
* Patients receiving local or locoregional radiation treatment
* Can communicate in English or be aided by a translator

Exclusion Criteria:

* Patients scheduled to receive conventionally fractionated (50Gy/25 or 45Gy/25) or extreme hypofractionation (26Gy/5)
* Patients planned to receive brachytherapy
* Patients with active rash, pre-existing dermatitis, or other conditions within the treatment area that may make skin assessment for the study difficult per treating physician discretion
* Concomitant cytotoxic chemotherapy
* Scleroderma