Telehealth Delivery of Treatment for Sleep Disturbances in Young Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder

Study Design: Ninety children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), between the ages of 2 to less than 7 years, and their parents will be recruited for this 10 week randomized clinical trial. Participants will be randomized to five individually delivered sessions of Sleep Parent Training (SPT) or five individually delivered sessions of Sleep Parent Education (SPE). Delivery of the programs will be via telehealth platform which also includes parent-child coaching in real-time. In addition to baseline, outcome measures will be collected at week 5 (midpoint of trial) and week 10 (endpoint of trial) as well as follow-up at week 16 to determine durability of treatment.

This study will deliver an already initially tested manualized parent training program specially targeting bedtime and sleep disturbances, but delivered via telehealth platform and enhancing the program using live parent coaching at bedtime. Utilizing REDCap automated survey invitations feature, investigators will provide reminders of the intervention recommendations and data collection requirements. In a randomized clinical trial of 90 children with ASD, ages 2 to less than 7 years, a parent training program targeting sleep disturbance (Sleep Parent Training; SPT), will be compared to Sleep Parent Education (SPE). The investigators hypothesize that SPT will be superior in improving child sleep, child daytime functioning as well as parent well-being compared to SPE.

Specific Aims: Aim 1. To evaluate the efficacy of Sleep Parent Training program (SPT) delivered via telehealth for sleep disturbances compared Sleep Parent Educational Program (SPE, time and attention control) also delivered via telehealth in 90 children with ASD (ages \>2 to \<7 years) with moderate or greater sleep disturbances as measured by the Composite Sleep Index (CSI) of the modified Simonds and Parraga Sleep Questionnaire (MSPSQ).97 Aim 2. To evaluate the impact of SPT on child and parent quality of life (daytime child behavior, parental stress, parent sense of competency, mental health) compared to SPE.

Eligibility Criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

1. Both genders \>2 and \<7 years of age
2. Clinical diagnosis of ASD corroborated by the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers169 or the Social Communication Questionnaire.170
3. Score of \>5 on the CSI and a Clinical Global Impression Severity (CGI-S) score of Moderate or greater.
4. Medication and supplement free or on stable medication or supplements (no changes in the past 6 weeks and no planned changes for 16 weeks).
5. Parental proficiency in spoken and written English language.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Children with a serious medical condition or a known or suspected medical cause for sleep disturbances (e.g., nocturnal seizures, unresolved gastrointestinal problems such as reflux or constipation).
2. Children with a psychiatric disorder or serious behavioral problems requiring immediate treatment.
3. Children with known or suspected sleep apnea, restless legs, or periodic limb movements during sleep, or a circadian-based sleep disorder (e.g. delayed or advanced sleep phase syndrome) based on history and all available information.