Trial to Investigate Immune Responses Elicited by a Liquid Formulation of Influenza Virus Vaccine,(CAIV-T)

The primary objective of this study was to perform a variety of immunological assays on blood, serum, nasal wash samples, and cells obtained from healthy adult subjects for the purpose of developing assays for application in the further investigation of immune responses generated by influenza virus vaccine, trivalent, types A and B, live, cold-adapted (liquid CAIV-T).


Eligibility Criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

* Healthy adults aged 18 to 59 years or \> 60 years.
* Female subjects of childbearing potential who had a negative urine pregnancy test result prior to study vaccination. Females who were surgically sterilized or post-menopausal did not require pregnancy testing.
* Adults who were determined by medical history, physical examination and clinical judgment eligible for this study. Subjects with stable pre-existing disease, defined as disease not requiring change in therapy or hospitalization within 12 weeks before receipt of study vaccination, were eligible.
* Subjects who provided written informed consent after the nature of the study was explained.
* Subjects who were available for the duration of the study (from enrollment to study completion).
* Subjects who could be reached by study staff for the post-vaccination contact \[via telephone, clinic or home visit\].

Exclusion Criteria:

* Subjects who resided in a nursing home or long-term care facility or other institution receiving skilled or semi-skilled nursing care. An ambulatory subject who resided in a retirement home or village was eligible for participation.
* Subjects with evidence of dementia or other severe cognitive impairment based on Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) score of 22 or greater. Note: Administration of MMSE was performed only if clinically indicated.

For all study subjects:

* Subjects who were perceived to be unavailable or difficult to contact for evaluation of study visits during the study period.
* Subjects with a known or suspected disease of the immune system or those receiving immunosuppressive therapy, including systemic corticosteroids; or cytotoxic agents.
* Subjects who received any blood products, including immunoglobulin, in the period from six months prior to vaccination through to the conclusion of the study.
* Subjects who resided in the same household as an immunosuppressed or immunocompromised individual.
* Subjects with a documented history of hypersensitivity to egg or egg protein or any other component of the study vaccine or placebo.
* Subjects who were administered any live virus vaccine within one month prior to enrollment.
* Subjects for whom there was intent to administer any other investigational vaccine or agent from one month prior to enrollment through the conclusion of the study.
* Subjects who received a dose of influenza treatment (commercial or investigational) one month prior to enrollment. Prophylactic use of influenza antivirals was not permitted.
* Subjects who received any influenza vaccine in the six months prior to enrollment, or nonstudy influenza vaccine since enrollment.
* Subjects with any medical conditions that in the opinion of the investigator might interfere with the interpretation of the study results.