A Phase III Trial of Pertuzumab Retreatment in Previously Pertuzumab Treated Her2-Positive Advanced Breast Cancer

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pertuzumab, trastuzumab and chemotherapy as a pertuzumab retreatment compared to trastuzumab and chemotherapy in locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer patients for previously treated with pertuzumab

The American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) Clinical Practice Guidelines recommend the use of pertuzumab, trastuzumab and taxane as first-line treatment for patients with MBC. As a second-line treatment, trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1) is also recommended. After a pertuzumab-containing regimen and T-DM1, other HER2-targeted therapeutic regimens, including lapatinib-containing regimens and trastuzumab plus chemotherapy, are recommended as third-line treatments and beyond. However, continual pertuzumab use for progression after a pertuzumab-containing regimen and retreatment with pertuzumab are unclear based on evidence.

The efficacy and the safety of two distinct modalities of a trastuzumab plus pertuzumab-containing regimen after pertuzumab use should be assessed in MBC: continual treatment and retreatment. However, it is clinically difficult to examine the efficacy of continual treatment with a trastuzumab plus pertuzumab-containing regimen because of several circumstances including the results of the MARIANNE study.

In addition, it is also important to evaluate the usefulness of retreatment with a pertuzumab-containing regimen. Continual pertuzumab treatment for progression after pertuzumab treatment is not same as pertuzumab retreatment. HER2-HER3-signaling suppressed by pertuzumab-containing regimens could potentially be restored by anti-HER2 therapy without pertuzumab. Pertuzumab retreatment could potentially re-suppress HER2-HER3-signaling. Therefore, Pertuzumab retreatment can be more effective than trastuzumab-containing treatment without pertuzumab.

Eligibility Criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

1. Histologically or cytologically confirmed invasive breast cancer
2. A confirmed HER2-positive status assessed by means of immunohistochemical analysis (with 3+ indicating positive status) and/or in situ hybridization (with an amplification ratio \> 2.0 indicating positive) by each institute
3. History of pertuzumab and trastuzumab-containing chemotherapy for locally advanced and metastatic breast cancer(2 or 3 regimen as previous chemotherapy regimen for locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer). The latest regimen before enrollment dose not include pertuzumab.
4. Patients have measurable and/or non-measurable disease according to RECIST ver1.1.
5. Female patients and aged ≥ 20 years.
6. Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction (LVEF) \> 50% at baseline (within 28 days before enrollment) as determined by either ECHO or MUGA
7. Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 0,1 or 2.
8. Life expectancy of patients is expected at least 3 months.
9. Signed and written informed consent (approved by the Institutional Review Board or Independent Ethics Committee) is obtained before any study procedure.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. History of chemotherapy \> 4 regimen for locally advance or metastatic disease except for cancer chemotherapeutic agent-free treatment regimen (eg, hormonal therapy alone, combination with hormonal therapy and trastuzumab and anti-HER2 therapy alone).
2. Persistent Grade \>3 non-hematologic toxicity according to NCI-CTCAE v4.0-JCOG resulting from previous therapy at the time of enrollment.
3. Symptomatic or uncontrolled central nervous system metastases.
4. Multiple malignancies without history of breast cancer(within 10 years if invasive breast cancer and within 5 years if malignancies except invasive breast cancer)
5. History of exposure to the following cumulative doses of anthracyclines:

   * doxorubicin or liposomal doxorubicin \> 360 mg/m2
   * epirubicin \> 720 mg/m2
   * mitoxantrone \> 100 mg/m2
   * If more than 1 anthracycline has been used, then the cumulative dose must not exceed the equivalent of 360 mg/m2 of doxorubicin.
6. Current uncontrolled hypertension (systolic \> 150 mmHg and/or diastolic \> 100 mmHg) or unstable angina.
7. History of CHF of any New York Heart Association criteria, or serious cardiac arrhythmia requiring treatment (exception, atrial fibrillation, paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia).
8. History of myocardial infarction within 6 months of enrollment.
9. Dyspnea at rest due to complications of advanced malignancy.
10. Inadequate organ function, as determined by the following laboratory results, within 28 days before enrollment:

    * Absolute neutrophil count \< 1,500/mm3
    * Platelet count \< 100,000/mm3
    * Hemoglobin \< 8.0 g/dL
    * Total bilirubin \> 2.0 mg/dL, unless the patient has documented Gilbert's syndrome
    * Aspartate aminotransferase (AST \[SGOT\]) or alanine aminotransferase (ALT \[SGPT\]) \> 100IU /L with the following exception (If considered that the liver dysfunction due to liver metastases \> 200 IU/L, or 100 \< , ≤200 IU/L with serum albumin \< 2.5 g/dL)
    * Serum creatinine value \> 2.0 mg/dL or 177 μmol/L
11. Current severe uncontrolled systemic disease(eg. Clinically significant cardiovascular, pulmonary and metabolic disease\*, disorder of wound healing, ulcer and fracture)

    \*If gemcitabine is planned to be selected as a combination chemotherapeutic agent,patients who has symptomatic interstitial pneumonia or pulmonary fibrosis on chest X-ray should be excluded.
12. Uncontrolled malignancy-associated hypercalcemia syndrome under bisphosphonates or denosumab treatment.
13. Radiation related grade \>2 adverse event within 14 days before enrollment.
14. Major surgical procedure or significant traumatic injury within 28 days before enrollment or anticipation of need for major surgery during the course of study treatment.
15. Pregnant woman or positive pregnancy test.
16. Nursing woman
17. History of receiving any investigational treatment within 28 days before enrollment.
18. Current known and active infection with human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B virus or hepatitis C virus.
19. Receipt of intravenous antibiotics for infection within 14 days before enrollment.
20. Current chronic daily treatment (continuous for \> 3 months) with corticosteroids (dose equivalent to or greater than 10 mg/day methylprednisolone), excluding inhaled steroids.
21. Known hypersensitivity to pertuzumab or trastuzumab without infusion reaction related to these drugs
22. Assessed by the investigator to be unable or unwilling to comply with the requirements of the protocol.