OIF/β-TCP in Patients With Open Tibial Fractures in Need of Bone Grafting

A prospective, randomized, evaluator-blinded, controlled study for subjects with open tibial fractures classified as Gustilo type II, IIIA or IIIB (see Appendix 1) who will receive bone graft implantation for the potential of delayed union or non-union within 3 months of fracture. Subjects will be followed for safety and clinical performance for the main study period of 30 weeks and an extension follow-up period up to 52 weeks after bone graft implantation.

Study Objectives:

* Primary objectives

  o To determine the overall success of effectiveness (clinical and radiographic success) and safety (lack of serious product-related AEs and lack of secondary intervention) of OIF/beta-TCP within 30 weeks after bone graft implantation in subjects with open tibial fractures in need of bone grafting.
* Secondary objectives

  * To determine radiographic union in different treatment groups;
  * To determine clinical union in different treatment groups;
  * To assess the safety of OIF
  * To assess the immunogenicity of OIF;
  * To determine the pharmacokinetics of OIF.

Eligibility Criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

-

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Skeletally mature, male and female subjects who are \> 21 years old;
2. Females of non-childbearing potential or who have a negative result on pregnancy test within 72 hours prior to surgery, or males;
3. Isolated open tibial fractures, which is classified as below and within 3 months of initial fracture, and soft tissue stable without any sign of active infection;

   1. Gustilo type II with fracture gap at least 0.5 cm in length or severe damage to the periosteum after debridement or
   2. Gustilo type IIIA with fracture gap at least 0.5 cm in length or IIIB with fracture gap at least 0.5 cm in length;
4. Subjects with unilateral open tibial fractures;
5. Willing to provide signed informed consent form (ICF) prior to participation in any study-related procedures and adhere to the study requirements for the length of the trial.

Exclusion Criteria:

Subjects will be excluded if ANY of the following exclusion criteria apply:

1. Patients with a Glasgow Coma Scale less than 15 (less than fully awake) at the time of informed consent.
2. Purulent drainage from the fracture, or evidence of active osteomyelitis;
3. Compartment syndrome;
4. Inadequate neovascular status;
5. Pathological fractures; history of Paget's disease or other osteodystrophy; or history of heterotopic ossification;
6. Endocrine or metabolic disorder that affects osteogenesis (e.g., hypo- or hyper-thyroidism or parathyroidism, renal osteodystrophy, Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, or osteogenesis imperfecta)
7. Has abnormal renal and/or hepatic functions, with Creatinine or ALT value \>5 times the upper normal limit;
8. History of malignancy, radiotherapy, or chemotherapy for any malignancy within the last 5 years. History of malignancy may include: Multiple exostoses syndrome ((also known as multiple osteochondromas syndrome), an inherited condition associated with bumps of cartilage on the bones, has been associated with an increased risk of chondrosarcoma), any cancer prone syndrome, such as Li-Fraumeni;
9. Any autoimmune disease (e.g. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus or dermatomyositis);
10. Subjects with major psychiatric disorders, defining such disorders using standard criteria such as the DSM-V
11. Subjects with Insulin-dependent Diabetes mellitus.
12. Subjects with substance and alcohol abuse;
13. Current smokers\* (\*CDC: An adult who has smoked 100 cigarettes in his or her lifetime and who currently smokes cigarettes.);
14. Previous exposure to rhBMP-2;
15. Hypersensitivity to protein pharmaceuticals, e.g, monoclonal antibodies, gamma globulins, and tricalcium phosphate;
16. History of hypersensitivity or allergy to kanamycin or aminoglycosides.
17. Treatment with any investigational therapy within 28 days of implantation surgery;
18. Treatment with prednisone for 7 days or more within previous 6 months (cumulative dose\> 150 mg or other steroids with equivalent dose, refer to Appendix 2 in the protocol); calcitonin (within previous 6 months); bisphosphonates (for 30 days or more within previous 12 months); or therapeutic doses of fluoride (for 30 days within previous 12 months);
19. A female that is currently pregnant or breastfeeding at time of enrollment, or have plans to become pregnant with the next one year; or female subjects of childbearing potential and male subjects with partners of childbearing potential that do not agree to use protocol approved methods of contraception throughout the study.
20. Individuals who have undergone a bone marrow transplant for the treatment of another condition;
21. Any condition that is not suitable to participate in the study based on the physician's judgement