Combined Simultaneous EGD-colonoscopy Trial (CoSi Endoscopy)

The COVID -19 pandemic has reduced endoscopy services to an average of 83% producing a significant economic impact on endoscopy units worldwide. Endoscopy as an aerosol-generating procedure requires endoscopy units to allow 12 cycles of air exchange per hour, equivalent to 20 minutes, between patients, to reduce medical risk exposure. Planning strategies to facilitate economic reactivation of endoscopy services in a responsible manner, maintaining adequate security measures for both patients and healthcare personnel is currently a major challenge. Serial endoscopic interventions as esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) and colonoscopy are commonly performed during the same sedation time. Estimated times for quality inspection in the upper digestive tract and the colon, are 7 and 6 minutes, respectively. In addition, time to reach the cecum and to set up the following procedure increase not only procedure time but SARS-CoV-2 exposure to healthcare personnel. Performing these two procedures simultaneously by two endoscopists would considerably reduce procedure time while increasing the number of patients evaluated in one day, especially in the period of service reactivation. There are no studies comparing simultaneous EGD and colonoscopy procedures and, serial procedures. This study aims to determine differences in procedures times between simultaneous EGD-colonoscopy and conventional serial EGD-colonoscopy as an alternative to improve the number of procedures/hour/unit during the COVID-19 era.

Study type:

This is a prospective controlled randomized study to determine differences in procedure times of simultaneous EGD-colonoscopy and serial EGD-colonoscopy. Patients are randomized into two groups: the serial group, where the EGD is performed first and thereafter the colonoscopy and, the simultaneous group, where the two procedures are performed at the same time, each by a trained gastroenterologist.

Patients:

Eligible patients are those consecutively scheduled for EGD and colonoscopy at EmuraCenter LatinoAmerica, Bogota DC, Colombia between June and August, 2020. Indications for procedures include among others abdominal pain, screening for digestive cancer, chronic anemia, digestive bleeding, and chronic diarrhea. Exclusion criteria are inadequate bowel preparation with Boston score with at least 1 point in any segment, residual gastric food, previous digestive system surgery, and refusal to participate. Patients and their accompanying person give written consent of the procedures and are asked to complete a telephone survey related to COVID-19 symptoms 1 day before the procedure and 30 minutes before the procedure.

Randomization:

Endoscopists participating in the study are experts endoscopists. In both groups, colonoscopies are performed by the same expert endoscopist. EGD in the serial group is performed by the attending endoscopist responsible for procedures that day.

Outcomes:

Variables to be compared between groups include unit entry's time, time to completion of both procedures, EGD time, EGD inspection time, colonoscopy time, time to teach the cecum, withdrawal time, inter-procedure time, unit's exit time, the dose of sedation agent and endoscopic findings. Oxygenation (pO2) and percutaneous pCo2 are evaluated 5 minutes before, 5, and 10 minutes during the procedure and 5 minutes after completing the last procedure. A trained physician or anesthesiologist will administrate sedation to patients using Propofol. Post-procedure symptoms will be assessed by written survey 30 minutes and 24 hours after the procedure. This survey evaluates 6 symptoms, 3 of which are related to sedation: Nausea, drowsiness, and dizziness. and, the other 3 symptoms are related to the endoscopic procedure: abdominal pain, bloating, and pharyngeal pain. Each of the 6 symptoms will be scored from 1 to 5 (1: None, 2: Mild, 3: Moderate, 4: Severe, and 5: Extreme).

Patient position and location of endoscopy systems:

All patients are positioned in the left lateral decubitus position. For simultaneous procedures, the EGD tower is located to the left side and the colonoscopy tower at the right side of the bedside at the level patient's head.

EGD:

The systematic complete photodocumentation approach proposed by Emura et al will be carried out to inspect the upper GI tract mucosa using a Fuji 7000 video processor and a Fuji Lasereo EG-760 gastroscope. BLI-bright digital chromoendoscopy will be performed to observe the hypopharynx, the esophagus, and the esophagogastric junction and, the LCI mode for evaluation of the stomach and duodenal mucosa. Low CO2 insufflation will be used using the Fuji GW-100 insufflator.

Colonoscopy in the serial group:

A Fuji Lasereo 7000 equipment and an EC-760ZP-V / L colonoscope will be used. The CO2 insufflation will be carried out with Fuji GW-100 equipment.

Colonoscopy in the parallel-group:

An Olympus Evis Exera II equipment and an H-180-AI colonoscope will be used. An Olympus UCR insufflator will be used for CO2 insufflation.

Transcutaneous measurement of pCo2:

The pCO2 measurements will be performed using a Tosca TCM kit (XLab Solutions). This equipment uses a transducer (ts sensor 54) that is positioned on the patient's arm and measures pCO2 non-invasively.

Eligibility Criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

* Eligible patients are those scheduled for EGD and colonoscopy at EmuraCenter Latinoamerica, Bogota DC, Colombia between June and August 2020. Procedure indications: abdominal pain, chronic anemia, chronic diarrhea, cancer screening, gastrointestinal bleeding.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Exclusion criteria are inadequate bowel preparation with Boston score with at least 1 point in any segment, residual gastric food, previous surgery of the digestive tract, and refusal to participate.