Smoking Cessation Intervention During Low Dose CT (LDCT) Screening for Lung Cancer

The goal of this clinical research study is to offer lung cancer screenings to smokers who want to change their smoking behaviors. All eligible participants will receive smoking cessation counseling and may be offered at least one form of smoking cessation drug. Different forms of counseling (the delivery of counseling and access to counseling) will be compared.

This is an investigational study. Participants on this study will not be prescribed smoking drugs directly by the study staff. However, participants in this study may or may not receive smoking cessation drugs, depending on what the provider thinks is in the participants best interest. All smoking cessation drugs being used are FDA approved and commercially available. It is investigational to compare the different forms of counseling participants receive.

Up to 1260 participants will be enrolled in this study. All will take part at MD Anderson.

Study Groups:

If you are found to be eligible to take part in this study, you will have a CT scan of your chest to look for signs of lung cancer. You will receive the results 0-4 days after the scan. If there are any abnormal areas, you will be referred to your regular doctor for follow-up. No matter what the results are, you will be advised to quit smoking. If you have previously had a low dose CT scan for lung cancer screening in the last 30 days, you may still be eligible to participate in this study. You will be asked to provide documentation of the CT scan results.

You will receive a referral for counseling to help you reduce/quit smoking. You may also discuss medications you can take to reduce smoking.

As part of your counseling treatment, you may be prescribed an FDA-approved and commercially available anti-smoking drug. This may be either nicotine replacement therapy (such as a patch, gum, or lozenge) or an oral drug (such as varenicline or buproprion). The provider will tell you when and how much of your anti-smoking drug you should take each time, based on a discussion between you and your provider. Receiving anti-smoking medication will be done through your counseling treatment and not as part of your participation in this study.

You will have at least 5, but no more than 8, smoking cessation counseling sessions over the next 12 weeks. Each session will last between 30 - 60 minutes, in which you will set a quit date, prepare for your quit date, and discuss coping skills for dealing with smoking "triggers" after your quit date. You will also discuss challenges you may have with quitting.

Study Visits:

You will have 3 additional study visits, at around 6 weeks, 12 weeks, and 6 months after the screening visit, as well as 1 follow-up phone call. At all study visits:

* You will complete questionnaires about several topics, including depression, suicide, and your smoking behavior. These questionnaires should take about 30-45 minutes in total to complete.
* Your CO level will be measured.
* Urine and/or saliva may be collected (at 12 weeks and 6 months only) for a routine test to check your cotinine and nicotine. Cotinine is a chemical released in your body when it breaks down nicotine and will show whether and how much you have recently smoked.

Follow-Up:

About 5 months after you start receiving counseling sessions, you will be called by a member of the study staff and asked about your recent smoking behaviors and habits. This call should last about 5-10 minutes.

Eligibility Criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

* Age: 50 or older
* Meets guidelines for lung cancer screening, as determined by radiology team
* Reports being a daily or non-daily smoker (any self-reported smoking in the past 30days) and is interested in treatment that might change smoking behavior.
* Able to follow verbal and written instructions in English and complete all aspects ofthe study.
* Provide informed consent and agree to all assessments and study procedures.
* Have an address where he/she can receive mail
* If opting to participate in telemedicine visits, must have a device available to conduct telehealth visits (e.g., smartphone, computer, tablet, etc.).
* Be the only participant in his/her household on active treatment in Protocol 2016-0626at the time.
* Willing and able to undergo low dose CT scan, as determined by radiology team, and has either had a lung cancer screen within 30 days prior to enrollment into this protocol or schedules a LDCT scan for lung cancer screening to occur while taking part in the 2016-0626 protocol.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Current enrollment or plans to enroll in another smoking cessation program in the next6 months.
* Unwilling to refrain from other nicotine substitutes use (i.e., OTC orprescription medication for smoking cessation) or smoking cessation treatments during the course of the the active treatment portion of the study other than what is provided to or recommended for use.
* Current use of certain medications: (1) Smoking cessation meds (last 7 days), that are being used as part of a current attempt to quit smoking i.e., Wellbutrin, Bupropion, Zyban, NRT, Chantix.
* Being pregnant, engaging in breast-feeding, or being of childbearing potential and engaging in sexual activity that could lead to pregnancy and is not protected by a medically acceptable, effective method of birth control while enrolled in the study, as determined by self-report..Medically acceptable contraceptives include: (1) approved hormonal contraceptives (such asbirth control pills, patches, implants or injections), (2) barrier methods (such as a condomor diaphragm) used with a spermicide, or (3) an intrauterine device (IUD).Contraceptive measures sold for emergency use after unprotected sex are not acceptable methodsfor routine use.
* Exclusive use of tobacco products other than cigarettes or little cigars, such as (but not limited to) cigars, chew, snuff, pipe or e-cigs.
* Individuals who are considered clinically unstable and/or unsuitable to participate as determined by the Principal Investigator and/or study physician