A Research Study to Compare Two Types of Insulin, a New Insulin, Insulin Icodec and an Available Insulin, Insulin Degludec, in People With Type 2 Diabetes Who Have Not Used Insulin Before (ONWARDS 3)

This study compares insulin icodec (a new insulin taken once a week) to insulin degludec (an insulin taken once daily which is already available on the market) in people with type 2 diabetes.

The study will look at how well insulin icodec taken weekly controls blood sugar compared to insulin degludec taken daily.

Participants will get their study medicine in an injection pen. Participants will get a pen for weekly injection and one for daily injection. One will be icodec or degludec and the other will be dummy medicine. The treatment participants get is decided by chance. Participants and the study staff will not know which active medicine they get.

The insulin is injected with a needle in a skin fold in the thigh. The study could last for about 8 months. Participants will have 13 clinic visits and 17 phone calls with the study doctor. At 8 clinic visits participants will have blood samples taken. At 4 clinic visits participants cannot eat or drink (except for water) for 8 hours before the visit.

Women cannot take part if pregnant, breast-feeding or plan to become pregnant during the study period.


Eligibility Criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

* Male or female aged above or equal to 18 years at the time of signing informed consent.
* Diagnosed with T2D (type 2 diabetes) greater than or equal to 180 days prior to the day of screening.
* HbA1c (glycated haemoglobin) from 7.0-11.0% (53.0-96.7 mmol/mol) both inclusive at screening confirmed by central laboratory analysis.
* Insulin naïve. However, short term insulin treatment for a maximum of 14 days prior to the day of screening is allowed, as is prior insulin treatment for gestational diabetes.
* Stable daily dose(s) greater than or equal to 90 days prior to the day of screening of any of the following anti-diabetic drug(s) or combination regimen(s):

  a.) Any metformin formulations greater than or equal to 1500 mg or maximum tolerated or effective dose. b.) Any metformin combination formulations greater than or equal to 1500 mg or maximum tolerated or effective dose. c.) Any of the following oral anti-diabetic drug classes including combinations (greater than or equal to half of the maximum approved dose according to local label or maximum tolerated or effective dose).:Sulfonylureas - Meglitinides (glinides) - DPP-4 inhibitors - SGLT2 inhibitors - Thiazolidinediones - Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors - Oral combination products (for the allowed individual Oral Anti-diabetic Drugs (OADs)) - Oral or injectable GLP-1-receptor agonists
* Body mass index (BMI) below or equal to 40.0 kg/m\^2.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Any episodes (as declared by the subject or in the medical records) of diabetic ketoacidosis within 90 days prior to the day of screening.
* Myocardial infarction, stroke, hospitalisation for unstable angina pectoris or transient ischaemic attack within 180 days prior to the day of screening.
* Chronic heart failure classified as being in New York Heart Association (NYHA) Class IV at screening.
* Anticipated initiation or change in concomitant medications (for more than 14 consecutive days) known to affect weight or glucose metabolism (e.g. treatment with orlistat, thyroid hormones, or corticosteroids).
* Uncontrolled and potentially unstable diabetic retinopathy or maculopathy. Verified by a fundus examination performed within the past 90 days prior to screening or in the period between screening and randomisation. Pharmacological pupil-dilation is a requirement unless using a digital fundus photography camera specified for non-dilated examination.