Quantitative Analysis of 18F-FAPI Dynamic PET/CT for Accurate Differential Diagnosis of MLN of ESCC

Patients diagnosed with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma based on clinicopathology, laboratory examination and imaging criteria were selected as the research subjects, and compared with conventional 18F-FDG PET/CT. To evaluate the research value of quantitative analysis of 18F-FAPI PET/CT dynamic imaging in the classification of benign and malignant features of primary esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and lymphatic nodules, lesion localization, outcome and prognosis.

Esophageal cancer (EC) is the eighth most common cancer in the world. Like most other cancers, the occurrence and progression of ESCC is a multi-stage process that closely affects the treatment approach such as endoscopic therapy, surgery, radiotherapy or chemotherapy, and the location of the lesion also affects whether the patient is suitable for surgical resection.Accurate preoperative assessment of lymph node metastasis, disease progression and lesion location is of great significance for early diagnosis and determination of neoadjuvant therapy.

FAP is highly expressed in activated mesenchymal fibroblasts and pericytes in 90% of common human epithelial tumors, as well as in lesions characterized by activation of mesenchymal tissues.The expression of FAP promotes the development of tumors, so inhibiting FAP can slow down the growth of tumors.Currently, several small molecule FAP inhibitors have been functionalized for imaging studies.Studies have shown high uptake of FAPI in sarcoma, esophageal cancer, breast cancer, bile duct cancer, and lung cancer.

Dynamic PET/CT imaging technology with high sensitivity and specificity introduces time parameters while using the fusion technology of PET and CT, providing accurate anatomical positioning in the four-dimensional space and reflecting detailed functional information at molecular level such as functional and metabolic levels.Accurate diagnosis of metastatic lymph nodes of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma can be realized by exploring the kinetic process of various positron probes from entering the body to non-specific distribution and specific distribution.

Eligibility Criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

1. Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma was diagnosed according to gastroscopy and pathological diagnostic criteria;
2. Age above 18 years old, less than 85 years old, no gender restriction;
3. Untreated patients who have not received surgery, chemotherapy, biotherapy or radiotherapy;
4. Laboratory examination:

(1) General physical condition score ECOG: 0-2; (2) No dysfunction of main organs; (3) Oxygen partial pressure ≥ 10.64kPa; (4) WBC ≥ 4×109 L-1; (5) Routine blood hemoglobin ≥ 9.5 g· DL-1; (6) The absolute count of neutrophils ≥ 1.5×109 L-1; (7) Platelet count ≥ 100×109 L-1; (8) Total bilirubin ≤ 1.5 times the upper limit of normal value; (9) Creatinine ≤ 1.25 times the upper limit of normal value; (10) Creatinine clearance rate ≥ 60 mL ·min-1;

5. Can obtain complete follow-up information, understand the situation of this study and sign the informed consent.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Has had any other malignant tumor within 5 years;
2. Nursing and/or pregnant women;
3. Patients with severe bleeding tendency;
4. Recent severe hemoptysis, severe cough, dyspnea or patients cannot cooperate;
5. Severe emphysema, pulmonary congestion and cor pulmonale;
6. In the opinion of the Investigator, the subject may not be able to complete the study or comply with the requirements of the study (for administrative or other reasons).