Utility of CYP2D6 Genotyping to Improve the Efficacy and Safety of Tramadol

Randomized clinical trial to evaluate the utility of CYP2D6 genotyping to improve the efficacy and safety of tramadol in the treatment of acute postoperative pain.

Phase IV and low-intervention trial To evaluate if the implementation of pharmacogenetics in clinical practice can help to improve the treatment of acute pain, increasing efficacy and reducing adverse reactions.

The main evaluation variable: This is a simple study, which does not differ from standard clinical practice and therefore we do not expect early ending of the study.

Randomized clinical trial to evaluate the utility of CYP2D6 genotyping to improve the efficacy and safety of tramadol in the treatment of acute postoperative pain.

Phase IV and low-intervention trial The main objective is evaluate if the implementation of pharmacogenetics in clinical practice can help to improve the treatment of acute pain, increasing efficacy and reducing adverse reactions. Secondary objectives: 1. To evaluate whether treatment adjusted according to CYP2D6 phenotype can reduce adverse reactions to tramadol in acute postoperative pain. 2. To compare the efficacy and safety of dexketoprofen and tramadol in the treatment of acute postoperative pain. 3. To investigate the influence on analgesic response and the incidence of adverse reactions of polymorphisms of other genes involved in the pharmacokinetics and mechanism of action of dexketoprofen and tramadol, such as: CYP2C9, CYP2C8, CYP2C19, CYP3A4, CYP3A5, CYP2B6, CYP2E1, COMT, ABCB1, SLC22A1, OPRM1 and PTGS2. 4. To evaluate the relationship of tramadol, M1 and dexketoprofen plasma concentrations with response to treatment and the occurrence of adverse reactions.

Inclusion criteria: 1. Men or women over 18 years of age. 2. Patients scheduled for outpatient surgical extraction, under local anesthesia, of at least two impacted third molars, at least one of which will require bone removal. 3. Patients who agree to participate in the study and give written consent.

Exclusion criteria: 1. Patients under treatment with other drugs that can inhibit CYP2D6, or are contraindicated in combination with tramadol or dexketoprofen. 2. Patients on treatment with bisphosphonates. 3. Patients who are receiving analgesic treatment before the operation, 24 hours prior to the operation. This criterion will be evaluated at the intervention visit. 4. Patients suffering from other uncontrolled diseases. 5. Pregnant or breastfeeding women. 6. Patients with contraindications for treatment with tramadol or dexketoprofen.

Eligibility Criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

* Men or women over 18 years of age.
* Patients scheduled for outpatient surgical extraction, under local anesthesia, of at least two impacted third molars, at least one of which will require bone removal.
* Patients who agree to participate in the study and give written consent.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Patients under treatment with other drugs that can inhibit CYP2D6, or are contraindicated in combination with tramadol or dexketoprofen.
* Patients on treatment with bisphosphonates.
* Patients who are receiving analgesic treatment before the operation, 24 hours prior to the operation. This criterion will be evaluated at the intervention visit.
* Patients suffering from other uncontrolled diseases.
* Pregnant or breastfeeding women.
* Patients with contraindications for treatment with tramadol or dexketoprofen.