Immunotherapy With Vacc-C5 With Adjuvant GM-CSF or Alhydrogel in HIV-1-infected Subjects on ART

Background:

Despite the introduction of highly effective antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimes, which control the HIV infection and results in increases in CD4 cell counts and an undetectable viral load, many patients suffer from increased morbidity. There is evidence that presence of antibodies against the C5 region of gp120 strongly correlates with slower disease progression, and that loss of antibody responses to this region are associated with progression.

Investigational product:

Vacc-C5 is a single heterodimeric peptide-based HIV therapeutic vaccine corresponding to the C5 region on gp120 and the external domain of gp41. The vaccine is intended to create a non-neutralizing antibody against C5 region.

Study objectives:

1. To evaluate safety of the vaccination regimens
2. To evaluate C5-specific humoral immune responses (antibodies), T cell responses, T cell activation markers and other immune markers.

Background:

Despite the introduction of highly effective antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimes, which control the HIV infection and results in increases in CD4 cell counts and an undetectable viral load, many patients suffer from increased morbidity. There is evidence that presence of antibodies against the C5 region of gp120 strongly correlates with slower disease progression, and that loss of antibody responses to this region are associated with progression.

Investigational product:

Vacc-C5 is a single heterodimeric peptide-based HIV therapeutic vaccine corresponding to the C5 region on gp120 and the external domain of gp41. The rationale behind the Vacc-C5 is the finding that long-term non-progressors (LTNP) subjects have more antibodies towards the C5 part of gp120 than HIV infected subjects with a more rapid disease progression.

The primary objective of Vacc-C5 immunotherapy is to induce a humoral immune response. The vaccine is intended to create a non-neutralizing antibody against the C5 region and to thereby mimic a natural process in HIV-infected long-term non-progressors (LTNP) subjects.

Use of adjuvant:

Peptide vaccines are poorly immunogenic by themselves. To induce measurable levels of T helper cell type 1 (Th1) or type 2 (Th2) immune responses against these peptides, an adjuvant is often required.

Two different adjuvants are to be used in this study:

1. GM-CSF which facilitates dendritic cell maturation and migration to the lymph nodes for antigen presentation. The regimen when using this adjuvant is intradermal administration.
2. Aluminum-containing adjuvants is well known. They have been administered to human beings and animals in millions of doses of vaccines. This type of vaccine is usually administered intramuscularly or subcutaneously. In this study intramuscular administration will be used.

Primary objective:

It is to evaluate the safety of Vacc-C5 at three different dose levels given intradermally with GM-CSF as adjuvant or given intramuscularly with Alhydrogel as adjuvant.

Secondary objectives:

1. To evaluate C5-specific humoral immune responses (antibodies).
2. To evaluate the C5-specific T cell responses by ELISPOT and T cell proliferation.
3. To evaluate T cell activation markers (e.g. CD38, HLA-DR) and other immune markers.

Study design:

The study is an open, dose-escalating, single centre study in HIV-positive subjects on treatment (ART). Two different vaccine regimens will be tested:

1. Arm A: Vacc-C5 with GM-CSF as adjuvant administered intradermally.
2. Arm B: Vacc-C5 with Alhydrogel as adjuvant administered intramuscularly.

Three dose levels of Vacc-C5 (100, 300 and 900 microgram will be tested for each of the two vaccination regimen. A dose escalation design (3+3) will be used, and if no dose limiting toxicity (DLT) is detected 18 subjects will be included in each arm.

Subjects who have been HIV-positive and stable on ART for the last 6 months with CD4 cell counts ≥400x 10 6 /L and who meet the other inclusion and exclusion criteria will be eligible for the study. The duration of the study is 26 weeks plus a screening period of up to 12 weeks.

During the Treatment Period, all subjects will remain on their ART and receive three immunizations; at Weeks 1, 2 and 4, with Vacc C5 including either GM-CSF or Alhydrogel as adjuvant.

The study is sequential, meaning that the first three subjects in each arm receive the lowest dose (three subjects) 100 µg Vacc-C5. If no dose limiting toxicity has been detected after week 4 vaccination, three more subjects will be added and the next dose level will be started.

Eligibility Criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

* Age between18 years and 55 years, both genders.
* HIV positive at least one year.
* Clinically stable on ART for the last 6 months (changes in therapy is allowed as long as the viral load is stable).
* Documented viral load (HIV-1 RNA) less than 50 copies/mL for the last six months. Single blips (up to 500 copies/mL) are allowed.
* Documented pre-study CD4 cell count ≥ 400x106/L for at least six months (if below at screening, a re-analysis is allowed).
* Nadir (lowest ever) CD4 cell count ≥ 200x106/L (nadir below 200x106/L requires two consecutive analyses).
* Signed informed consent.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Reported pre-study AIDS-defining illness within the previous year
* Malignant disease.
* On chronic treatment with immunosuppressive therapy.
* Unacceptable values of the hematologic and clinical chemistry parameters, as judged by the Principle Investigator (or designee), including creatinine values \>1.5x upper limit of normal (ULN), and AST (SGOT), ALT (SGPT) and alkaline phosphatase values \>2.5x ULN.
* Concurrent chronic active infection such as viral hepatitis B or C or tuberculosis.
* Pregnant or breastfeeding women.
* Women of childbearing potential not using reliable and adequate contraceptive methods (defined as: use of oral, implanted, injectable, mechanical or barrier products for the prevention of pregnancy; practicing abstinence; sterile) during the study, or sexually active male subjects with partners of childbearing potential unwilling to practice effective contraception during the study.
* Current participation in other clinical therapeutic studies.
* Incapability of compliance to the treatment protocol, in the opinion of the Investigator.