Effect of Epoetin Beta on Renal Function Within 30 Days Following a Kidney Transplant

Main objective : Assessing the effect of epoetin beta on Hb rate and the glomerular filtration rate estimated 30 days after kidney transplant.

French study, prospective, multicenter, open, randomized into two parallel groups:

Group A: NeoRecormon ® 30000 UI: 4 injections Group B: control group without administration of the medical product

Period of recruitment: 18 months Duration of participation of each patient: 90 days Total duration of the test: 21 months.

Main objective : Assessing the effect of epoetin beta on the glomerular filtration rate estimated 30 days after kidney transplant.

Secondary objectives:

Comparing the 2 groups at all times J0 to J90:

* The evolution of renal function
* The survival of patients and grafts
* The time of onset and incidence of acute rejection proved by biopsy
* The correction of anemia
* The need for transfusions
* The need for EPO
* Quality of Life
* The safety processing

Eligibility Criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

* Males anf Females aged between 18 and 75
* Patients having given their written consent
* Patient determined to participate in the test and to respect the requirements
* Patient covered by a social insurance
* Patient to be kidney transplanted (from a cadaveric donor)
* Patient benefiting from the 1st or 2nd kidney transplant
* Patient formerly treated by peritoneal dialysis or hemodialysis
* Patient receiving a graft with risk of delayed graft function (score\> 7 combining age of the donor, ischemia time, receiver ethnicity and cause of death)
* Patient to receive treatment with basiliximab, mycophenolate mofetil, tacrolimus and corticosteroid

Exclusion Criteria:

* Patient Pregnant or nursing
* Patient with a disability that does not ensure the good understanding of the study and its imperatives , or patient having dependency (alcohol, drugs)
* Patient receiving doses of epoetin beta or alpha\> 30,000 IU / week or darbepoetin\> 150 microg / week before transplanting
* Patient who has participated in a clinical trial in the last month or currently included in another test
* Patient in safeguarding justice, guardianship or trusteeship
* Patient receiving a third transplant or hyper immune or who have a positive historic cross-match
* Patient receiving a preemptive transplant
* graft from a living donor
* graft with 3 or more arteries
* Multi-Organ Transplantation
* Patient with heart failure stage\> III
* Patients with unstable ischemic heart disease, or have had a major coronary event less than 6 months, stroke or TIA \<6 months or symptomatic arteritis of lower limbs stage ≥ 3
* Patients with active viral infection: hepatitis B, C (PCR + only) or HIV
* Patient with a history of anemia from erythroblastopenia
* Patient receiving anticoagulant treatment(AVK) before renal transplantation and to be continued after transplant
* Patient with a preoperative rate Hb\> 14 g / dL (before ultrafiltration)
* A patient with known hypersensitivity to the active substance or to any of the excipients, or to benzoic acid
* Patients with poorly controlled hypertension in the weeks before transplantation (Diastolic Blood Pressure ≥ 110 mm Hg with more than 3 antihypertensive drugs)