Hybrid Closed-loop Insulin Delivery System in Perioperative Diabetic Patients: an Open-label, Randomized Controlled Trial

Perioperative management of glucose levels remains challenging. The purpose of the study is to compare the hybrid closed-loop insulin delivery system with the standard insulin therapy ( insulin pump with CGM, insulin dose controlled by physicians) in controlling glucose levels among patients in the perioperative period.

Hyperglycemia is particularly frequent in the perioperative period, which leads to metabolic and functional disorders, aggravates organ damage, induces various complications, and increases the risk of postoperative infection and even death.

However, glucose level management among perioperative patients remains challenging because of the frequent blood glucose monitoring requirement and insulin adjustment to accommodate the physiological changes of patients before surgery.

In this study, we planned to use an open-source, hybrid closed-loop insulin delivery system and common insulin pump combined with CGM for short-term intensive insulin therapy in patients with diabetes during the perioperative period. To comprehensively evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of the hybrid closed-loop insulin delivery system, we planned to compare the blood glucose control and other clinical indicators such as postoperative complications of patients with different intensive insulin therapy regimens If the participant is enrolled before the surgery, the following procedure will be followed:

Preoperative: the participants wear the open-source AP system for treatment.

Intraoperative: participants should discontinue the insulin pump in advance, with the specific timing determined by the endocrinologist. The CGM can remain in place as long as it does not interfere with the surgery.

Postoperative: After the subject returns to the ward, the nurse will reinstall the open-source AP system, and the treatment will continue for at least 3-4 days.

Eligibility Criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

1）18\~75 years old (including 18 years old and 75 years old),

2）Perioperative patients with need diabetes including type 2 diabetes mellitus and other special types of diabetes mellitus and need insulin therapy;

3）Fasting blood glucose ≥7.0mmol/L or random blood glucose 11.1≥mmol/L;

4）Patients signed the informed consent form and volunteered to participate in the clinical trial.

5 ) Patients who have already undergone surgery and are still hospitalized during the perioperative period with poor glycemic control.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. The patients were complicated with diabetic emergencies, such as diabetic ketoacidosis, diabetic hyperosmolar non-ketotic coma, etc.
2. Type 1 diabetes mellitus
3. Patients with severe cardiac and renal organ dysfunction: cardiac function above grade III; Serum creatinine over 442μmol/L; Hemoglobin less than 90g/L; White blood cell count \<4.0×109/L or platelet count \<90×109/L;
4. Patients who are allergic to drugs specified in clinical protocols
5. Patients who are not suitable for conventional insulin pump therapy.
6. Patients who are allergic constitution and allergic to tape
7. Patients with skin diseases such as rash and prurigo, or abnormal coagulation function;
8. Patients who suffer from mental illness, have no self-control, and cannot express themselves clearly.
9. Other circumstances that investigator considered to be inappropriate for clinical trial participation;

10) Patients with severe complications during or after surgery.