Presence of PTSD and Emotion Dysregulation Among Inpatients With Substance Use Disorder

There are high rates of co-occurring posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among patients receiving treatment for substance use disorder (SUD). PTSD and SUD should be treated simultaneously, but adults in SUD treatment are often not assessed for PTSD nor offered PTSD-based interventions. One of the reasons for reluctance in offering trauma focused treatment is increased risk of drop out. PTSD and related emotion dysregulation are related to elevated psychological burden, higher dropout rates and increased risk of relapse. this is a feasibility study, where the plan is to integrate a combination of Dialectical Behaviour Therapy for Substance Use Disorder (DBT-SUD skills) a therapy targeting difficulties in emotion regulation and Narrative Exposure Therapy (NET) a trauma focused therapy, for patients with co-occurring PTSD symptoms into standard SUD treatment . The plan is to assess its potential benefits by assessing whether adding this combination to standard SUD treatment is relevant, feasible, acceptable, and safe. Treatment outcomes are 1) Prevalence of PTSD, suicidal behaviour, and self-harm, as well as the severity of difficulties in emotion regulation and emotional avoidance among patients (N approx. = 100) in inpatient treatment for SUD. 2) Change post-treatment and at 3 and 12 months follow up, from baseline in PTSD symptom severity, depressive symptoms, emotion regulation, emotion avoidance, and experience of shame. 3) Rates of dropout and relapse compared to previous rates.

This project can increase knowledge about psychological mechanisms in co-occurring PTSD and SUD and improve the quality of treatment for this vulnerable patient population.


Eligibility Criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

* General inclusion criteria for the study:

  1. Fit general inclusion criteria for the in-patient program.
  2. Speak Scandinavian (Norwegian, Danish and/or Swedish).
  3. Be willing to sign a consent.

Inclusion criteria for NET intervention:

1. Experience of an aversive event that fits criteria A for PTSD as defined by Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-V (DSM-V) (American Psychiatric Association \[APA\], 2013).
2. Experience symptoms of PTSD as defined by the DSM-V (APA, 2013), or subthreshold PTSD (Grubaugh et al., 2005), or experience clinically relevant symptoms as evaluated by a NET therapist.

   1. Subthreshold PTSD is defined as having experienced a traumatic event (Criteria A), meeting Criteria B (re-experiencing symptoms), Criteria E (one-month symptom duration), and Criteria F (significant distress or functioning impairment) and either Criteria C (avoidance or numbing symptoms) or Criteria D (hyper arousal symptoms).

Inclusion criteria for DBT intervention:

1. Experience difficulties in emotion regulation evaluated by an assigned DBT therapist.
2. Manage to commit to participating in the DBT- skills training.

Exclusion Criteria:

* General exclusion criteria for the study:

  1. Have a clinically significant low cognitive- and/or linguistic functioning that hinders the patient in understanding and answering the questions on the self-rapport instruments.

Exclusion criteria for NET and/or DBT-SUD skills

1. Being actively psychotic.
2. Have a Body Mass Index (BMI) under 17.
3. Severe dissociation.
4. An ongoing traumatic contact with the perpetrator.