Vaccination Against MSI Colorectal Cancer

Patients with advanced microsatellite unstable (MSI-H) colorectal cancer will be vaccinated with three so called frame shift peptides (FSPs), AIM2(-1), HT001(-1) and TAF1B(-1) combined with Montanide® ISA-51 VG. By this, an immune response directed against MSI-induced FSPs that are shared by the majority of MSI-H colorectal cancers can be induced. The aim is to show that vaccination against MSI-induced FSPs is safe and can induce or enhance immune responses against MSI-H colorectal cancer-associated antigens.

The present study is initiated to evaluate vaccination with MSI-specific FSPs in patients with MSI-H colorectal cancer. Specifically, the present study aims at the following questions:

* Evaluation of potential toxicity of the FSP AIM2(-1), HT001(-1), TAF1B(-1)
* Evaluation of the immune response in patients with advanced MSI-H colorectal cancer before vaccination and after vaccination with the FSP AIM2(-1), HT001(-1), TAF1B(-1)

In this context, the present study shall demonstrate whether application of FSP in a vaccination approach is associated with the induction of peptide-related toxicity. Hence, the study marks the first step towards the application of FSP in humans, as it provides information on the safety of FSP as vaccination agents for the first time. Moreover, the study shall provide initial information, whether vaccination with FSP can induce FSP-specific immune responses in patients with MSI-H colorectal cancer. Thus, it shall provide information, whether FSPs AIM2(-1), HT001(-1), and TAF1B(-1) have the potential to elicit peptide-specific immune responses and therefore represent suitable targets for the induction of tumor antigen-specific immune responses in patients with MSI-H tumors.

The present study marks an important milestone towards a potential application of MSI-specific FSP as therapeutic agents in the management of patients with MSI-H tumors, particularly patients with MSI-H colorectal cancer. Long-term goal of this approach is to develop novel tools for (1) the palliative and/or adjuvant therapy of patients with advanced MSI-H colorectal cancer and (2) the preventive application of FSPs in mutation carriers of the HNPCC/Lynch syndrome.

Eligibility Criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

Phase I part inclusion criteria (inclusion criteria for phase IIa part will be defined later using a study amendment):

* Histologically confirmed, surgically resected colorectal cancer of advanced stage (UICC stage III/UICC stage IV). This comprises patients with lymph node metastases (UICC stage III), metastasis to one distant organ (UICC IV, M1a), to more than one distant organ, or patients with peritoneal carcinosis (UICC IV, M1b)
* Detection of high level microsatellite instability (MSI-H) in the resected tumor sample according to the international consensus criteria (multiplex PCR of quasi-monomorphic microsatellite markers BAT25, BAT26, CAT25), see Appendix 1.
* Prior adjuvant standard therapy (chemotherapy with 5-fluorouracil/folinic acid, oxaliplatin, irinotecan or combinations of these) OR Prior palliative standard therapy in the first, second and third line (chemotherapy with 5-fluorouracil, oxaliplatin, irinotecan or combinations of these and/or treatment with anti-EGFR antibodies cetuximab or panitumumab alone or in combination with chemotherapy) with either complete or partial remission, stable disease, or disease progression under therapy; OR Patient has refused adjuvant or palliative standard therapy (chemotherapy using 5-fluorouracil, oxaliplatin, or regimens combining these).
* Expected survival of at least six months.
* Full recovery from surgery or radiation therapy
* ECOG performance status 0, 1 or 2.
* The following laboratory results:
* Neutrophil count ≥ 1.5 x 109/L
* Lymphocyte count ≥ 0.5 x 109/L
* Platelet count ≥ 100 x 109/L
* Serum bilirubin \< 2mg/dL
* Male or female patients ≥ 18 years old
* Last therapy discontinued at least 4 weeks prior to vaccination.
* Patient´s written informed consent for participation in the trial

Exclusion Criteria:

* Prior treatment with FSPs AIM2(-1), HT001(-1) and TAF1B(-1)
* Clinically significant heart disease (NYHA Class IV).
* Other serious illnesses, eg, serious infections requiring antibiotics or bleeding disorders.
* History of immunodeficiency disease or autoimmune disease.
* Metastatic disease to the central nervous system for which other therapeutic options, including radiotherapy, may be available.
* HBV, HCV or HIV positivity.
* Chemotherapy, any type of radiation therapy, or immunotherapy within 4 weeks before study entry
* Concomitant treatment with steroids, antihistaminic drugs, or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (unless used in low doses for prevention of an acute cardiovascular event or for pain control). Topical or inhalational steroids are permitted.
* Participation in any other clinical trial
* Pregnancy or lactation.
* Women of childbearing potential who are not using a medically acceptable means of contraception.
* Psychiatric or addictive disorders that may compromise the ability to give informed consent.
* Lack of availability of a patient for immunological and clinical follow-up assessment.
* Brain metastases (symptomatic and non-symptomatic)