Salvage Radiation Therapy in Treating Patients With Metastatic Cancer That Has Progressed After Systemic Immunotherapy

This phase II trial studies the side effects and best dose of radiation therapy and to see how well it works in treating patients with cancer that has spread to other places in the body (metastatic) or has increased in size after being treated with immunotherapy. Giving radiation therapy may help to control the cancer after the disease has gotten worse after receiving immunotherapy in patients with cancer that has spread to the other places in the body.

PRIMARY OBJECTIVES:

I. To identify immunotherapy-based treatments where salvage radiation produces systemic disease control after initial progressive disease.

II. To identify immunotherapy-based treatments where salvage radiation produces a high rate of treatment-related toxicities.

SECONDARY OBJECTIVES:

I. To determine the frequency of systemic disease control (objective response or stable disease) after salvage radiation following progression on immunotherapy among all patients and within each treatment group.

II. Determine the frequency of dose limiting toxicities (DLTs) with salvage radiation after progression on treatment with an immunotherapy agent among all patients and within each treatment group.

III. To determine the rate of systemic objective response among all patients and within each treatment group among all patients and within each treatment group.

IV. To determine the duration of response in patients who achieve disease control among all patients and within each treatment group.

V. To determine the overall survival after salvage radiation among all patients and within each treatment group.

VI. To determine the systemic progression free survival after salvage radiation among all patients and within each treatment group.

OUTLINE:

Patients undergo either 4, 5, or 10 fractions of stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT), or 5-15 fractions of external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) to any site of metastatic disease daily for any time between 4 days and 3 weeks as determined by the treating radiation oncologist. Patients with at least stable disease (SD) after the second imaging evaluation may undergo additional SBRT in 4 fractions or EBRT in 3 fractions.

After completion of study treatment, patients are followed up at 30 days, then every 12 weeks for up to 1 year.

Eligibility Criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

1. Pathologically confirmed diagnosis of cancer.
2. Progressive disease via irRC on prior study or standard of care therapy utilizing an immunotherapy agent OR a clinical status that requires salvage radiation treatment (e.g.: palliative RT) at the discretion of treating Physician and/or PI.
3. Previous progression of disease while on treatment of an immunotherapy agent or cell-based therapy.

   a. Patients may continue with maintenance immunotherapy as part of standard of care therapy while receiving radiation.
4. Have at least one site of metastatic disease amenable to radiation. All lesions amenable to radiation may be irradiated at the discretion of treating Radiation Oncologist, depending on the location, size and number of lesions.
5. Be willing and able to provide written informed consent-for the trial.
6. Be ≥ 18 years of age on day of signing informed consent.
7. Have a performance status of 0-2 on the ECOG performance scale.
8. Female subject of childbearing potential should have a negative urine or serum pregnancy within 28 days prior to first fraction of radiation.

   - Note: If the urine test is positive or cannot be confirmed as negative, a serum pregnancy test will be required.
9. We will allow prior radiation to other sites, with no washout period, prior to study entry as long as the high dose regions of the prior and proposed radiation fields do not overlap or it can overlap, as long as the area being treated is getting low dose radiation; this can be done alone or in combination with high dose to a previously un-irradiated area.
10. Non-English speakers may enroll on the protocol.

Exclusion Criteria:

The subject must be excluded from participating in the trial if the subject:

1. Has a diagnosis of active scleroderma, lupus, or other rheumatologic disease which in the opinion of the treating radiation oncologist precludes safe radiation therapy.
2. Has had prior radiation therapy within the past 3 months where the high dose area of the prior radiation would overlap with the high dose area of the intended radiation based on the judgment of the treating radiation oncologist.
3. Has not recovered (i.e., ≤ Grade 1 or at baseline) from adverse events due to a previous treatment.

   * Note: Subjects with permanent ≤ Grade 2 toxicities (e.g. neuropathy) or toxicities corrected through routine medical management (e.g. thyroid replacement for hypothyroidisim) are an exception to this criterion and may qualify for the study.
   * Note: If subject received major surgery, they must have recovered adequately from the toxicity and/or complications from the intervention prior to starting therapy.
   * Note: Subjects with asymptomatic ≤ Grade 2 laboratory or dermatologic abnormalities are an exception to this criterion and may qualify for the study pending the judgment of the treating radiation oncologist.
4. Has an active infection requiring intravenous systemic therapy or hospital admission.
5. Has known psychiatric or substance abuse disorders that would interfere with cooperation with the requirements of the trial.
6. Is pregnant or expecting to conceive or within the projected duration of the trial, starting with the screening visit through 60 days after the last fraction of radiation.