Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass: Clinical Trial

The present study aims to describe the results of a modified gastric bypass surgery to ensure endoscopic access to the excluded remaining stomach, as well as to monitor the clinical conditions of comorbidities and the patient's quality of life, since associated complications can be found to the excluded stomach, such as: bile reflux, gastritis and / or gastric and duodenal ulcer, H. pylori infection, bleeding, gastric polyps and the possibility of gastric cancer in patients undergoing RYGB (Roux-en-Y gastric bypass), with one of the probable factors being the occurrence reflux of the duodenal content into the excluded portion of the stomach.

In this sense, based on technical concepts of an established surgical procedure, the RYGB, the present project is not a proposal for a new procedure, but an adaptation of an existing technique. The proposal of the present study is about adaptations in RYGB surgery, which will enable endoscopic access to the remaining stomach, through the creation of a gastric communication.

This is a prospective clinical trial with intentional sample selection, which will last 18 months and will be developed at the General State Hospital of Goiânia Alberto Rassi (HGG).

The present study aims at gastric bypass surgery modified for the purpose of ensuring endoscopic access to the excluded remaining stomach, as well as monitoring the clinical conditions of comorbidities and the patient's quality of life; evaluating the loss of excess body weight of 50% (EBW50%), as recommended by the World Health Organization and the Brazilian Society of Bariatric and Metabolic Surgery, to comparing weight loss before and after surgery; comparing the incidence and control of comorbidities associated with excess body weight, if the patient has any, before and after the surgery analyzing the nutritional characteristics of the patients before and after the surgery and its relationship with the obesity of their comorbidities; evaluating and comparing patients' quality of life before and after bariatric surgery;measuring and comparing lung function, respiratory muscle strength and endurance, physical fitness and functional capacity. The estimated sample size was calculated in the Epi Info Software (version 7.2.3.1) considering a 95% Confidence Interval, average volume of bariatric surgeries performed in the last year at HGG (p = 288) and an occurrence of bile reflux after RYGB 1.9%. When considering an estimated margin of error of 5%, the total value of twenty-six patients was found to compose the sample.

Predicting the occurrence of possible losses from follow-up throughout the study, a margin of 30% was added to the calculated value, ending with a total of 33 patients to compose the sample. Free-demand patients at the State Hospital of Goiânia Alberto Rassi, who have an indication for bariatric and / or metabolic surgery confirmed by the medical and multidisciplinary team, will be selected as potential participants in the research. The patient will be invited to participate in the study, receiving complete information about the planned procedures, risks and possible benefits.

The patient's refusal to participate in the research will not result in discontinuation of treatment. The baseline clinical parameters of the selected patients (age, weight, BMI, blood pressure, presented comorbidities, cardiovascular history, previous clinical treatments for the control of DM2 (Type 2 diabetes Mellitus), eating habits and physical activity) will be collected and inserted in clinical records during preoperative multidisciplinary consultation.

Data on food consumption will be collected in the preoperative period and in the postoperative period of 6, 12 and 18 months, through the application of the Food Frequency questionnaire.

In addition to collecting this information, the patient will be referred for preoperative exams, which will also be recorded in the patient's medical record. After fulfilling the criteria and after signing the Informed Consent Form, thirty-three patients will be selected who meet the inclusion and exclusion criteria to perform the modified RYGB technique to maintain gastro-gastric communication for endoscopic study after surgery.

Patients will undergo a consultation with the multidisciplinary team, when they will receive nutritional, psychological and physiotherapy team guidance. Once the date of the surgery is scheduled, the participants must follow the following regimen: absolute fasting of 8 hours before surgery, prophylactic dose of anticoagulant 12 hours before the surgery. Patients will be admitted 24 to 48 hours before the surgical procedure.

The surgery will be performed at the General State Hospital of Goiânia Alberto Rassi. After the preoperative procedure, the patient will be submitted to general anesthesia. Prophylactically, the patient will receive a single dose of 2 to 3 grams of kefazol 1 hour before the procedure, and to allergies 600 to 900 mg of intravenous clindamycin, and pneumatic socks and leggings will be provided to prevent thromboembolic events. For safety reasons, the patient will be monitored throughout the surgical procedure using multiparametric electronic monitors and bladder catheterization.

Initially, a median laparotomy will be performed with the measurement of the length of the entire small intestine, followed by an approach to the small curvature of the stomach, where it will be performed.

Eligibility Criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

* Individuals of both sexes;
* Minimum age of 18 and maximum of 70 years for a BMI greater than or equal to 35 kg / m2;
* Age from 30 to 70 years for BMI greater than or equal to 30 and less than or equal to 34.9 kg / m2, associated with diabetes;
* Absence of contraindications for the surgical procedure.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Abandonment of pre-operative multiprofessional follow-up before 12 months;
* Members of vulnerable groups;
* Uncompensated psychiatric disorders or cognitive impairment confirmed by a psychiatrist and / or psychologist;
* Abuse of alcohol or illicit drugs confirmed after evaluation by the psychiatrist and / or psychologist;
* Chronic diseases not related to obesity such as cancer, pneumopathy, nephropathy, heart disease, Parkinson's and Alzheimer's.
* Patients already undergoing other bariatric surgeries.