Study to Determine the Performance of the Astron and Pulsar-18 Stents in Europe

BIOFLEX-I EU is the European arm of the BIOFLEX-I IDE study (NCT01319812). Data from BIOFLEX-I EU will be pooled with data in the IDE. The objective of this study is to separately demonstrate the clinical performance of BIOTRONIK's Astron and Pulsar-18 stents in the European arm of the BIOFLEX-I IDE (NCT01319812). The Pulsar-18 stent will be used for the treatment of femoro-popliteal lesions, located in the native superficial femoral artery (SFA) or proximal popliteal artery (PPA), while the Astron stent will be used for the treatment of the common or external iliac artery lesions.


Eligibility Criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

* Age ≥ 18 years
* Willingness to comply with study follow-up requirements.
* Candidate for percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA).
* Life-style limiting claudication or rest pain with an ABI ≤ 0.9 (resting or exercise). Thigh or toe brachial index (TBI) may be used / performed if ABI is inadequate.
* Written informed consent.
* One de novo, restenotic or occluded lesion representing a femoro-popliteal or iliac indication OR Two de novo, restenotic or occluded lesions representing one femoro-popliteal indication and one iliac indication on contralateral limbs - (i.e. one target lesion per limb).
* Lesions may be one solid lesion or a series of multiple, smaller lesions to be treated as one lesion.
* Subjects with bilateral, SFA/PPA disease (i.e. one SFA/PPA lesion per limb) are eligible for enrolment into the study. The target lesion will be selected at the investigator's discretion based on study eligibility criteria. The contralateral SFA/PPA intervention may be performed at the time of the index procedure (prior to treatment of study lesion); however, the use of an investigational treatment is prohibited. If the contralateral SFA/PPA intervention is not performed at the time of the index procedure, the intervention must be performed at least 30 days after the index procedure. The use of an investigational treatment for the contralateral intervention is prohibited.
* Subjects with bilateral, iliac disease (i.e. one iliac lesion per limb) are eligible for enrollment into the study. The target lesion will be selected at the investigator's discretion based on study eligibility criteria. The contralateral iliac intervention may be performed at the time of the index procedure; however, the use of an investigational treatment is prohibited. If the contralateral iliac intervention is not performed at the time of the index procedure, the intervention must be performed at least 30 days after the index procedure. The use of an investigational treatment for the subsequent contralateral intervention is also prohibited.
* Femoro-popliteal lesions must be located at least 1 cm distal to the profunda femoris artery and at least 3 cm above the knee joint (radiographic joint space).
* Iliac lesions must be located only in either the common or external iliac artery.
* Lesions must be treatable with a maximum of two stents.
* Angiographic evidence of ≥ 70% stenosis or occlusion (operator visual assessment).
* Lesion length ≤ 190 mm (if de novo or restenotic) or ≤ 100 mm (if occluded).
* Target vessel reference diameter: 2.5 to 6 mm (SFA/PPA) or 6 to 9 mm (iliac arteries) by visual estimate.
* Angiographic evidence of patent SFA and PPA (iliac indication) and angiographic evidence of at least one distal vessel runoff to the foot (both femoro-popliteal and iliac indications). Patent is defined as \< 50% stenosis.
* For SFA/PPA intervention, a significant stenosis (\> 70%) or occlusion of an ipsilateral, inflow artery (e.g. aortoiliac, common femoral) must be successfully treated with PTA and/or commercially-available stent just prior to treatment of the target lesion. Successful treatment is defined as no complications and less than 30% residual stenosis following intervention.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Subjects pregnant or planning to become pregnant during the course of the study.
* Life expectancy of less than one year.
* Rutherford-Becker category 5 or 6. Subjects with ulcers caused by venous disease may be enrolled in the study.
* Previously stented lesion(s) in the target vessel.
* Target lesion(s) received previous treatment within 30 days prior to enrollment.
* Prior peripheral vascular bypass surgery involving the target limb(s).
* Thrombophlebitis or deep vein thrombosis within the past 30 days.
* Known allergy to nitinol (nickel and/or titanium).
* Participation in any other clinical investigational device or drug study. Subjects may be concurrently enrolled in a post-market study, as long as the post-market study device, drug or protocol does not interfere with the investigational treatment or protocol of this study.
* Previous stroke or transient ischemic attack within the last three months prior to enrollment.
* Previous coronary or peripheral bypass surgery (non-target limb) within 30 days prior to enrollment.
* Intolerance to contrast agents that cannot be medically managed and/or intolerance to anti-platelet, anti-coagulant or thrombolytic medications.
* Refuses blood transfusions.
* Any medical condition, that in the opinion of the investigator, poses an unacceptable risk for implant of a stent according to the study indications.
* International Normalized Ratio (INR) ≥ 1.6
* Concomitant renal failure with serum creatinine level \> 2.5 mg/dL
* Unresolved neutropenia (white blood cell count \< 3,000 / µL) or thrombocytopenia (platelet count \< 80,000 / µL) at the time of the index procedure.
* Unresolved bleeding disorder (INR ≥ 1.6) at the time of the index procedure.
* Presence of other ipsilateral, arterial lesions distal to the target lesion requiring treatment within 30 days of the index procedure (either before or after) or at the time of index procedure.
* Additional percutaneous interventional procedures (cardiac and/or peripheral) planned within 30 days after the index procedure.
* Presence of a complication following pre-dilation of target lesion.
* Presence of a target vessel/lesion that is excessively tortuous or calcified or is adjacent to an acute thrombus that is unresponsive to anti-thrombotic therapies.
* Target lesion is located within an aneurysm or associated with an aneurysm in the vessel segment either proximal or distal to the target lesion.
* Target lesion requires the use of cutting balloons, atherectomy or ablative devices.
* Subjects with less than single vessel runoff to the foot.