A Multi-site Comparison of Social Visual Engagement to Clinical Diagnosis for Autism Spectrum Disorder

This is an outpatient, multicenter, prospective, pivotal, double-blind, within-subject comparison trial of the Marcus Autism Center Investigational Device (MAC-ID) diagnostic procedure relative to the gold-standard (reference standard), current best practice expert clinician diagnosis (ECD) of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in children 16-30 months of age.

Consecutive pediatric patients from the intended population (i.e. children 16-30 months of age) recruited from pediatric referrals and general advertisements will be the subjects of this trial. All subjects will undergo the MAC-ID diagnostic procedure (test). All subjects will also undergo the current best practice clinical diagnostic procedure, using standardized ASD diagnostic instruments and standardized developmental assessments, to produce the ECD of each child's ASD status (reference/gold standard).

The study consists of a screening phase and diagnostic evaluation phase to assess the validity (sensitivity and specificity), safety, and effectiveness of the MAC-ID when used to diagnose ASD.

Subjects will be enrolled in the trial for a period of 1 day. The trial will be completed in approximately 12 months.

The overall study objective is to assess the safety and effectiveness of the MAC-ID to accurately diagnose ASD (primary analysis), as well as to accurately assess severity of ASD (secondary analysis) in very young pediatric subjects.

The primary endpoints of this study are the diagnostic result from the MAC-ID and the diagnostic results from the ECD evaluation, both of which are either positive or negative for ASD. Each subject will undergo the Social Developmental Testing Device procedure and an examination by a clinical expert in the field of ASD diagnosis; all study center site personnel (including the expert clinicians responsible for the ECD evaluation) will be blinded to MAC-ID results.


Eligibility Criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

Subjects must meet all of the following inclusion criteria to participate in this study:

1. Boys and girls between 16 and 30 months of age
2. Generally healthy with no acute illnesses by physical examination
3. Normal or corrected-to-normal vision, in terms of visual acuity and oculomotor function, sufficient to watch short videos. Adequate hearing to hear material presented in videos
4. Subject and parent can communicate meaningfully in English with the principal investigator and the clinical study site staff
5. Subject's parent or guardian is able to read and understand the informed consent form
6. Parent voluntarily provides written informed consent

Exclusion Criteria:

Any subject who meets any of the exclusion criteria will be excluded from participation in this study:

1. Known genetic disorders (e.g., Fragile X, Williams Syndrome, Tuberous Sclerosis, Muscular Dystrophy, Neurofibromatosis, Down Syndrome)
2. Severe hearing or visual impairment as determined on physical examination (e.g., congenital nystagmus, congenital cataracts, previous diagnosis of severe hearing deficits by otoacoustic emissions or auditory brainstem response)
3. Acute illnesses likely to prevent successful or valid data collection, i.e., conjunctivitis, fever, uncontrolled allergy symptoms, etc.
4. Uncontrolled epilepsy or seizure disorder
5. History or presence of a clinically significant medical disease, or a mental state that might confound the study or be detrimental to the subject as determined by the investigator
6. Acute exacerbations of chronic illnesses likely to prevent successful or valid data collection
7. Receiving therapies that may affect vision, i.e., currently receiving or have received the following therapies within 2 weeks of screening: topiramate, chlorpromazine, thioridazine, prednisone, prednisolone (including ophthalmic solutions and ointments), diphenhydramine, or hydroxyzine; or have received ophthalmic antibiotics within 3 days of screening: tobramycin, ciprofloxacin, gatifloxacin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin and ofloxacin solutions and/or bacitracin ointment
8. Receiving therapies that may affect the ability to focus attention on the videos, i.e., if on central nervous system (CNS) stimulants, CNS depressants, or anticonvulsants, dose must be stable (same dose for at least 2 weeks).
9. Known allergies or sensitivity to the plastic, leather, or metal components used in the materials of the Social Developmental Testing Device seat
10. Unable or unwilling to sit in a car seat, e.g., child has tantrums on nearly all occasions when placed in a car seat and tantrums do not subside within 5 minutes