LIFE-BTK Randomized Controlled Trial

The objective of this prospective, single-blinded, randomized controlled clinical investigation is to evaluate the safety and efficacy of the everolimus eluting Esprit BTK System for the planned treatment of narrowed infrapopliteal lesions. Approximately 225 subjects will be randomized in a 2:1 ratio. The clinical investigation will be conducted at approximately 65 clinical sites in the US, Asia, Australia, and New Zealand.


Eligibility Criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

General Inclusion Criteria:

1. Subject must provide written informed consent prior to any clinical investigation related procedure.
2. Subject has symptomatic Critical Limb Ischemia (CLI), Rutherford Becker Clinical Category 4 or 5.
3. Subject requires primary treatment of up to two de novo or restenotic (treated with prior PTA) infrapopliteal lesions.
4. Subject must be at least 18 years of age.
5. Female subject of childbearing potential should not be pregnant and must be on birth control.

Note: Female subjects of child-bearing potential must have a negative pregnancy test done within 7 days prior to the index procedure per site standard test.

Anatomic Inclusion Criteria:

1. Up to two native infrapopliteal lesions, each lesion located in separate infrapopliteal vessel in the same limb. Restenotic (from prior PTA) lesions are allowed.

   1. Lesion must be located in the proximal 2/3 of native infrapopliteal vessels, with vessel diameter of ≥ 2.5 mm and ≤ 4.00 mm by investigator visual assessment.
   2. Total scaffold length to completely cover/treat a target lesion must not exceed 170 mm (total everolimus drug dose of 1790 µg).
   3. The total scaffold length among all target lesions must not exceed 170 mm.
   4. The target vessel cannot have any other angiographic significant lesions (≥50%).
   5. Tandem lesions are allowed if they are \< 3 cm apart and the total scaffold length used to cover the entire diseased segment is ≤ 170 mm. Each tandem lesion is considered one lesion.
2. Target lesion(s) must have ≥ 70% stenosis, per visual assessment at the time of the procedure. If needed, quantitative imaging (angiography, IVUS, and/or OCT) can be used to aid accurate sizing of the vessels.
3. The distal margin of the target lesion must be located ≥ 10 cm proximal to the proximal margin of the ankle mortise. The vessel segment distal to the target lesion must be patent all the way to the ankle, with no significant lesion (≥ 50% stenosis).
4. Significant lesion (≥ 50% stenosis) in the inflow artery(ies) must be treated successfully (as per physician's assessment of the angiography) through standard of care prior to the treatment of the target lesion. Treatment can be done within the same trial procedure.
5. Non-target lesion(s) (if applicable) must be located in separate infrapopliteal vessel(s) from the target lesion, and suitable to be treated per institution standard of care.
6. Guidewire must cross the target lesion successfully. Crossing in an antegrade fashion is preferred, but retrograde crossing may be used. However, the treatment must be delivered antegrade.

Exclusion Criteria:

General Exclusion Criteria:

1. Subject is currently participating in another clinical investigation that has not yet completed its primary endpoint.
2. Pregnant or nursing subjects and those who plan pregnancy during the clinical investigation follow-up period.
3. Presence of other anatomic or comorbid conditions, or other medical, social, or psychological conditions that, in the investigator's opinion, could limit the subject's ability to participate in the clinical investigation or to comply with follow-up requirements.
4. Incapacitated individuals, defined as persons who are mentally ill, mentally handicapped, or individuals without legal authority, are excluded from the study population.
5. Subject has had any amputation to the ipsilateral extremity other than the toe or forefoot, or subject has had major amputation to the contralateral extremity \< 1 year prior to index procedure and is not independently ambulating.
6. Subject has known hypersensitivity or contraindication to device material and its degradants (everolimus, poly (L-lactide), poly (DL-lactide), lactide, lactic acid) and cobalt, chromium, nickel, platinum, tungsten, acrylic and fluoro polymers that cannot be adequately pre-medicated. Subject has a known contrast sensitivity that cannot be adequately pre-medicated.
7. Subject has known allergic reaction, hypersensitivity or contraindication to aspirin; or to ADP antagonists such clopidogrel, prasugrel or ticagrelor; or to anticoagulants such as heparin or bivalirudin, and therefore cannot be adequately treated with study medications. Subject with planned surgery or procedure necessitating discontinuation of antiplatelet medications, within 12 months after index procedure. Planned amputation that will necessitate discontinuation of antiplatelet medications is allowed.
8. Subject has life expectancy ≤ 1 year.
9. Subject has had a stroke within the previous 3 months with residual Rankin score of ≥ 2.
10. Subject has renal insufficiency as defined as an estimated GFR \< 30 ml/min per 1.73m\^2.
11. Subject is currently on dialysis.
12. Subject has platelet count \< 100,000 cells/mm\^3 or \> 700,000 cells/mm\^3, a WBC \< 3,000 cells/mm\^3, or hemoglobin \< 9.0 g/dl.
13. Subject has known serious immunosuppressive disease (e.g., human immunodeficiency virus), or has severe autoimmune disease, that requires chronic immunosuppressive therapy (e.g., systemic lupus erythematosus, etc.), or subject is receiving immunosuppression therapy for other conditions. Subjects treated for HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) and who have undetectable viral load, such that their immune system is not considered compromised, are eligible.
14. Subject has Body Mass Index (BMI) \<18.
15. Subject is receiving or scheduled to receive anticancer therapy for malignancy within 6 months prior to index procedure or within 1 year after the procedure. Patients taking medications classified as chemotherapy but who have been in remission for at least 6 months are eligible.
16. Subject has coagulation disorder that increases the risk of arterial thrombosis. Subjects with deep vein thrombosis and disorders that increase the risk of deep vein thrombosis can be included in the study.
17. Subject who requires thrombolysis as a primary treatment modality or requires other treatment for acute limb ischemia of the target limb.
18. Subject has previously had, or requires surgical revascularization involving any vessel of the ipsilateral extremity. Prior femoropopliteal or aortobifemoral bypass is allowed. Any bypass to the tibial arteries is not allowed.
19. Subject has signs or symptoms of advanced limb infection or septicemia (fever \> 38.5, WBC \> 15,000 cells/microliter, hypotension) at the time of assessment. Osteomyelitis of the phalanges or metatarsal heads (as described in exclusion criteria #21a) or cellulitis of the foot amenable to treatment with IV antibiotics at the time of revascularization is acceptable.
20. Subject is bedridden or unable to walk (with assistance is acceptable). Subjects in wheelchair who are able to mobilize on their own can be enrolled.
21. Subject with extensive tissue loss salvageable only with complex foot reconstruction or non-traditional transmetatarsal amputations. This includes subjects with:

    1. Osteomyelitis that extends proximal to the metatarsal heads. Osteomyelitis limited to the phalanges or metatarsal heads is acceptable for enrollment.
    2. Gangrene involving the plantar skin of the forefoot, midfoot, or heel.
    3. Deep ulcer or large shallow ulcer (\> 3 cm) involving the plantar skin of the forefoot, midfoot, or heel.
    4. Full thickness heel ulcer with/without calcaneal involvement.
    5. Any wound with calcaneal bone involvement.
    6. Wounds that are deemed to be neuropathic or non-ischemic in nature.
    7. Wounds that would require flap coverage or complex wound management for large soft tissue defect.
    8. Full thickness wounds on the dorsum of the foot with exposed tendon or bone.
22. Subject is unable or unwilling to provide written consent prior to enrollment.
23. Subject has active symptoms and/or a positive test result of COVID-19 or other rapidly spreading novel infectious agent within the prior 2 months.

Anatomic Exclusion Criteria:

1. Lesions with severe calcification, in which there is a high likelihood that successful pre-dilatation cannot be achieved.
2. Lesion that has prior metallic stent implant.
3. Significant (≥ 50% stenosis) lesion in a distal outflow artery that would be perfused by the target vessel and that requires treatment at the time of the index procedure.
4. Subject has had or will require treatment in any vessel with an everolimus drug-coated or drug-eluting device \< 30 days pre-study procedure, or during the index procedure, such that the cumulative (Esprit BTK plus everolimus-eluting device) everolimus drug dose exceeds 1790 μg.
5. Target or (if applicable) non-target vessel contains visible thrombus as indicated in the angiographic images.
6. Subject has angiographic evidence of thromboembolism or atheroembolism in the ipsilateral extremity. (Pre- and post-angiographic imaging must confirm the absence of emboli in the distal anatomy).
7. Unsuccessfully treated proximal inflow limiting arterial stenosis or inflow-limiting arterial lesions left untreated.
8. No angiographic evidence of a patent pedal artery.
9. Target or (if applicable) non-target lesion location requiring bifurcation treatment method that requires scaffolding of both branches (provisional treatment, without intention of scaffolding both branches is acceptable).
10. Aneurysm in the iliac, common femoral, superficial femoral, popliteal or target artery of the ipsilateral extremity.
11. Visual assessment of the target lesion suggests that the investigator is unable to pre-dilate the lesion according to the vessel diameter.
12. Target lesion has a high probability that atherectomy will be required at the time of index procedure for treatment of the target vessel.