Radiosensitizing Effect of Nelfinavir in Locally Advanced Carcinoma of Cervix

The primary aim of the trial is to study the impact of nelfinavir on 3 year disease free survival in patients with advanced carcinoma of cervix receiving standard chemoradiation (Cisplatin and Radiotherapy).

There will be two study groups. One group will receive standard treatment (concurrent chemoradiation and brachytherapy) \& other group will receive nelfinavir 5-7 days prior to standard treatment (chemoradiation \& brachytherapy).

The trial is a single centre open label randomized unblinded phase-III study to evaluate the efficacy of an investigational drug (Nelfinavir) in combination with standard therapy consisting of weekly cisplatin and pelvic EBRT in cohort of patients diagnosed with FIGO 2018 stage III Carcinoma cervix.

Patient registration / randomization procedure

348 Patients will be accrued from the Gynaec Oncology Service of Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai. A study coordinator at TMC will coordinate the accrual and study process and ensure prompt accrual and proper documentation. Eligibility will be checked based on the selection criteria and written informed consent will be obtained prior to randomization. Patients will be given appropriate time to decide for participation. Randomization will be based on a chart prepared with the help of software using a random sorting algorithm. A screening log will be maintained and include the details of all patients screened.

There are two study arms. In Experimental arm (Nelfinavir arm) 174 patients will be accrued \& in Control arm (Standard Arm) 174 patients will be accrued.

If patient is randomized to standard arm patient will receive concurrent chemoradiation and brachytherapy. If patient is randomized to nelfinavir arm then nelfinavir will be started at the dose of 1250 mg bid 5-7 days prior to standard treatment (chemoradiation \& brachytherapy)

Therapeutic regimens

Cisplatin

Cisplatin will be administered on a weekly basis with a dose of 40 mg/m2 by IV infusion over a period of 1 hour 2-4 hours prior to start of EBRT. Patient will be premedicated with I.V Ondansetron to prevent emesis. Pre chemotherapy and post chemotherapy, patient will be administered IV fluids for effective renal clearance of cisplatin.

Nelfinavir

Nelfinavir will be taken orally with food, because the bioavailability increases under the influence of food. Treatment will start 5-7 days before start of chemo radiation and will continue for the duration of external beam radiotherapy ( no Nelfinavir on weekends or radiation breaks). We will be using a dose of 1250mg BID along with weekly cisplatin, 40mg /m2. All patients will undergo blood sugar evaluation, ECG and Lipid Profile at baseline, treatment completion and at 6 months of follow up. Blood sugars will also be monitored at every 2 weeks while on chemoradiation.

Administration of Pelvic EBRT and Brachytherapy

All patients will undergo baseline MRI of abdomen and pelvis (T2+ T1 with and without contrast+ diffusion and perfusion MRI). Extra sequence acquisition as part of research (like BOLD MRI will be performed on only 60 patients ( 30 in each arm). As MRI will be used for response assessment and brachytherapy planning, in addition to axial images saggital and coronal images will be obtained at each examination. Pelvic EBRT will delivered by standard 4 field technique using 6MV/15 MV photon beams. Prior to delivery of radiation, patients will be simulated by CT simulator for planning the beam arrangements. Total dose of pelvic EBRT will be 45- 50Gy/23-25 #/5 weeks, and involved nodes will receive a total EBRT dose of 55 - 60Gy. The prescribed dose will be specified according to ICRU 50 guidelines. All patients will be treated with 3D conformal external radiation with target delineation and multileaf collimator leaf shaping. Biopsies will be performed at two different time points. One prior to treatment initiation and another before last dose of concurrent cisplatin. Patients will be evaluated by the concerned investigators on a weekly basis during radiation therapy and all the toxicities will be documented according to the CTCAE V4.0.

All patients will undergo image based brachytherapy. Standard guidelines for reporting or prescription will be followed.

Translational research studies

Five ml blood sample and tumor biopsies will be taken prior to nelfinavir use, and after EBRT on the day of 1st ICRT. Phosphorylated Akt and total Akt will be determined using flowcytometry/western blot method, as a marker of penetration of the drug into the tumor. The level of phosphorylated Akt will be correlated with tumour response as measured by PET/CT \& MRI (changes in SUV max as measured by PET and perfusion changes in the tumour as measured by CT scan and tumour reduction in MRI). Akt levels will be measured in the first 60 patients (30 patient cohorts in each arm) both in the lymphocytes and in the tumour tissue.

Multi functional PET and MRI will be done in the first 30 patients of each arm to gain insight in changes in tumor SUV max and hypoxia following treatment with nelfinavir.

This trial represents a unique opportunity to test various hypotheses in the context of future translational research hence tumour biopsy samples will be stored in the clinical biology lab at ACTREC for future biomarker studies. To test various hypothesis we will require frozen tissues prior to and after treatment. In this case each patient will be her own control. Therefore during the time of the first biopsy we will keep some frozen material in liquid nitrogen.

Pharmacokinetic studies

Population pharmacokinetics of nelfinavir will be studied in the group of patients receiving Nelfinavir. For this, sparse sampling strategy will be followed. A random grouping table will be generated by the epidemiology and clinical trials unit and patient will be allotted to one of the groups for pharmacokinetic sampling. Patients will be allotted to one of the five groups sequentially. Four blood samples will be collected from each patient 7-10 days after the start of Nelfinavir. Timing of Blood sample would be based on the group in which the patient is. The sampling time points are so selected to cover the interval of drug administration. In addition one more blood sample will be collected before the last dose of administration of Cisplatin.

Eligibility Criteria:
Inclusion Criteria

* ECOG 0 to 2
* FIGO 2018 Stage IIIA (TNM stage T3a N0 M0) FIGO 2018 Stage IIIB (TNM stage T3b N0 M0) FIGO 2018 Stage IIIC (TNM stage Any T N1 M0)
* No previous irradiation to the pelvis or chemotherapy
* Age 18 years and above
* Ability to tolerate full course of pelvic radiotherapy and brachytherapy
* Adequate bone marrow, liver, and kidney function defined as neutrophil count ≥ 1500 platelet count ≥ 100,000, total bilirubin less than 1.5 x upper limit of normal (ULN), AST and ALT ≤ 2.5 x ULN, and creatinine less than 1.5 upper limit of normal or Creatinine clearance greater than 60 mL/min/1.73 m2
* No recent (less than 3 months) severe cardiac disease (arrhythmia, congestive heart failure, infarction)
* Ability to understand and the willingness to sign an informed consent document
* Should be willing to undergo extra biopsy and blood collection for pharmacokinetic studies

Exclusion criteria

* Patients with newly diagnosed diabetes , uncontrolled DM (patient with HbA1c of \&gt; 6.5% or FBS value or BSF\&gt;=126 mg/dL respectively on primary evaluation)
* Pts on any drugs which has pharmacological interaction with nelfinavir:

  * Terfenadine, cisapride, sildenafil, lovastatin or simvastatin and medication that are metabolized by the CYP3A4 isoenzyme.
  * Antiarrhythmics (amiodarone, quinidine).
  * Neuroleptics (pimozide).
  * Sedative/Hypnotic agents (midazolam, triazolam).
  * Ergot derivatives.
  * HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (atorvastatin).
  * Rifampicin, Rifabutin.
  * Felodipine, Nifedipine.
* Pregnant or lactating
* Active co existing malignancy.
* HIV positive patients will be excluded.
* Patients with hemophilia.
* Patients with reduced creatinine clearance ( less than 50 ml/ min) or unilateral or bilateral hydronephrosis will be excluded.
* History of psychological, familial, sociological or geographical condition potentially hampering compliance with the study protocol and follow-up schedule.