Oral Pharmacokinetics of Sulfasalazine, Paracetamol, Fexofenadine and Valsartan Using Different Administration Mediums

The purpose of this study is to determine pharmacokinetics of the probe-drugs sulfasalazine, given in 240 ml non-caloric water and paracetamol, fexofenadine and valsartan after oral administration, given in 240 ml non-caloric water, in 240 ml caloric drink or in 240 ml grapefruit juice prior to ingestion and to visualize the localization and to measure the filling volume of stomach, small intestine as well as ascending, transverse and descending colon by T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging after oral administration of 240 ml water (non-caloric water), after administration of 240 ml caloric drink and after administration of 240 ml grapefruit juice.


Eligibility Criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

* ethnic origin: Caucasian
* body mass index: ≥ 18.5 kg/m² and ≤ 30 kg/m²
* good health as evidenced by the results of the clinical examination, ECG, and the laboratory check-up, which are judged by the clinical investigator not to differ in a clinical relevant way from the normal state
* written informed consent

Exclusion Criteria:

* weight less than 45 kg
* claustrophobia
* tinnitus
* cardiac pacemakers, metallic, plastic or silicone implants, dental retainer or metal-containing tattoos and piercings, Permanent Make-Ups, intrauterine devices
* known allergic reactions/ hypersensitivity to the active ingredients used or to constituents of the study medication (e.g. lactose, lecithin, sulfonamides, salicylates)
* bronchial asthma (all stages) and other known allergic diseases
* existing cardiac, haematopoietic or hematological diseases and/or pathological findings, which might interfere with the drug's safety, tolerability and/or pharmacokinetics or the requirements for the magnetic resonance tomography
* known hyperkalemia, hyponatremia or hypovolemia or medications that may cause these conditions.
* Hepatic, renal or metabolic diseases and/or pathological findings, which might interfere with pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the study medication (e.g. liver failure, kidney failure, acute intermittent porphyria).
* gastrointestinal diseases and/or pathological findings, which might interfere with gastrointestinal motility and emptying processes and interfering with pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the study medication (e.g. ileus)
* Erythema exsudativum multiforme.
* Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency (G6PD deficiency).
* Acute, chronic or recurrent infections.
* drug or alcohol dependence
* positive drug or alcohol screening
* smokers of 10 or more cigarettes per day
* positive results in HIV, hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus screenings
* subjects who are on a diet which could affect gastrointestinal motility or the pharmacokinetics of the drug (vegetarian, vegan)
* eating disorders e.g. anorexia, bulimia
* heavy tea or coffee drinkers (more than 1l per day)
* lactation and/or pregnancy test positive or not performed
* subjects suspected or known not to follow instructions
* subjects who are unable to understand the written and verbal instructions, in particular regarding the risks and inconveniences they will be exposed to as a result of their participation in the study
* subjects liable to orthostatic dysregulation, fainting or blackouts
* participation in a clinical trial during the last 3 months prior to the planned start of the study less than 3 months after last blood donation
* therapy with transdermal patches
* any systemically available medication within 2 weeks prior to the intended first administration unless because of the terminal elimination half-life complete elimination from the body can be assumed for the drug and/or its primary metabolites (except oral contraceptives)
* intake of grapefruit or poppy seeds containing products within 14 days prior to the start of the study
* Females who don't fulfil the criteria for contraception as listed in section 7.5.1 of this protocol