Imipenem/Cilastatin-XNW4107 Versus Imipenem/Cilastatin/Relebactam for Treatment of Participants with Bacterial Pneumonia (XNW4107-302, REITAB-2)

This study aims to compare treatment with Imipenem/Cilastatin-XNW4107 (IMI-XNW4107) with imipenem/cilastatin/relebactam (IMI/REL) in participants with hospital-acquired or ventilator-associated bacterial pneumonia (HABP or VAPB, respectively). The primary hypothesis is that IMI-XNW4107 is non-inferior to IMI/REL in all-cause mortality.


Eligibility Criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

1. Has HABP or VABP as defined below and requires treatment with IV antibiotic therapy. Fulfills clinical criteria, with onset of criteria occurring after more than 48 hours of hospitalization or within 7 days after discharge from a hospital (for HABP); or at least 48 hours after mechanical ventilation (for VABP)
2. Fulfills clinical criteria with symptoms or signs of cough, expectorated sputum production, dyspnea, worsening oxygenation, increase in respiratory secretions, fever/ hypothermia..
3. Fulfills laboratory test criteria with Leukocytosis/ Leukocytosis/ increase in immature neutrophils
4. Fulfill radiograph criteria with presence of new or progressive infiltrate(s) suggestive of bacterial pneumonia in X-ray/ Chest CT.
5. Female subjects of childbearing potential, who are willing to birth control during the study and for at least 30 days following the last dose of study medication. Male subjects with female sexual partners of childbearing potential are eligible for inclusion if they agree to use birth control for 90 days following the last dose of study medication. Male subjects must agree not to donate sperm

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Gram stain from a respiratory sample shows only Gram-positive cocci.
2. Have known or suspected community-acquired bacterial pneumonia, atypical pneumonia, viral pneumonia including Coronavirus disease, or chemical pneumonia.
3. Have HABP/VABP caused by an obstructive process, including lung cancer or other known obstruction.
4. Have received effective antibacterial drug therapy for the index infection of HABP/VABP for more than 24 hours during the previous 72 hours .
5. Have central nervous system infection.
6. Documented presence of immunodeficiency or an immunocompromised condition
7. Documented or severe hypersensitivity or previous severe adverse drug reaction, especially to any beta-lactam antibiotics, or any of the excipients used in the study drug formulations.
8. History of a seizure disorder requiring ongoing treatment with anti-convulsive therapy or prior treatment with anti-convulsive therapy within the last 3 years.
9. eGFR \<15 mL/min/1.73㎡.
10. Patient is receiving hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis.
11. Anticipated to be treated with any of Valproic acid or divalproex sodium, concomitant systemic Gram-negative antibacterial agents, or concomitant systemic antifungal or antiviral therapy for the index infection of HABP/VABP.
12. Life expectancy is \<3 days.
13. Patients in refractory septic shock
14. Patients with 1 or more of laboratory abnormalities in baseline specimens.
15. History of active liver disease or cirrhosis.
16. APACHE II score of \>30.
17. A female who is pregnant or breastfeeding or has a positive pregnancy test at Screening.