SECONDs' Italian Translation and Transcultural Validation

The coma recovery scale-revised (CRS-R) is the recommended diagnostic scale for consciousness but it requires time, training, and provides total scores that do not always reflect the correct level of consciousness. Recently, a new short-term assessment tool for consciousness assessment has been validated, which could easily be implemented in daily practice to determine the level of consciousness in severely brain injured individuals: the simplified evaluation of consciousness disorders (SECONDs) .Its administration should be significantly shorter than CRS-R and accurate to allow monitoring of consciousness in the subacute / chronic phase. The SECONDs scale was constructed by selecting the items that, based on the latest scientific evidence, are most frequently associated with a minimally consciousness state. In fact, recent studies have shown that 5 items of the CRS-R allow to identify 99% of individuals with minimally consciousness state 1) reproducible movement on command, 2) visual pursuit 3) visual fixation 4) automatic motor response, and 5) localization to pain) 12. In addition, some changes have been introduced such as 1) the assessment of fixation and visual tracking through the use of the mirror 2) the use of autobiographical questions for the assessment of communication 3) the reduction of the number of orders on command to 2 of 3 instead of 3 out of 4 as in the CRS-R. All these changes have been made to minimize time for administration without compromising the accuracy of consciousness detection, to improve feasibility in clinical practice, and also to limit fatigue, which could produce better patient concentration and collaboration.

The aim of the multicentre study is to carry out a cross-cultural translation of the SECONDs assessment scale into Italian and to perform a validation between operators of different professions of the Italian version. validation will be conducted on a group of patients with prolunged disorders of consciousness in the subacute phase admitted to two units of severe acquired brain injuries of the don Carlo Gnocchi Foundation of Florence and Sant'Angelo dei Lombardi, and in the chronic phase IRCCS foundation Carlo Besta neurological institute

The first phase involves the Italian translation of the SECONDs scale through a rigorous multi-stage review and the drafting of the working and final versions. First, the original scale will undergo a forward translation into Italian by a certified translator. The Italian version obtained will then be discussed by the team of experts from the 3 centers participating in the study for transcultural adaptation. Then the revised Italian version will be subsequently back translated into the original language by another certified translator blinded from the original version. Any discrepancy will be thoroughly discussed between the interdisciplinary Italian group and with the external expert from the group that originally developed the scale, and the Italian version shall be re-defined, with the aim of determining the conceptual, semantic, and operational equivalence of the translated scale. (Phase 1) The second phase involves a pilot study in which the final Italian version of the identified scale will be administered to a small group of patients to determine its intra and interoperative validity (Phase 2A) Subsequently, the multicentre validation of the Italian scale is envisaged on a larger group of patients, 38 admitted to inpatient intensive rehabilitation in the subacute phase (don Gnocchi foundation) and 22 admitted to outpatient rehabilitation in the chronic phase (Istituto Besta) (Phase 2B).

Eligibility Criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

* Diagnosis of severe acquired brain injury
* Diagnosis of a disorder of consciousness

  •\> 28 days from the acute event
* age\> 18 years
* No history of neurological or psychiatric deficits
* Mother tongue: Italian
* Clinical stability (eg, absence of mechanical ventilation, sedation, infection, ensuing seizures).
* Signature of the informed consent by the legal representative

Exclusion Criteria:

• Appearance of a second brain event