Ageing BIOmarker Study in Singaporeans

The Ageing BIOmarker Study in Singaporeans (ABIOS) aims to understand the biological aging processes and how they affect health among people in Singapore. As people grow older, their risk of developing chronic diseases increases. This study aims to better understand the biological changes that come with age, particularly in three major ethnic groups: Chinese, Malay, and Indian adults over 21 years old. By examining a range of health indicators such as DNA methylation, inflammation, metabolism, cardiovascular health, physical function, and physical activity (i.e., molecular, physiological, and digital biomarkers of ageing), the study seeks to identify how ethnicity, lifestyle, and socioeconomic factors influence ageing. This unique study focuses on an all-Asian population, aiming to enhance our understanding of healthy aging across different ethnic groups.

Biological ageing is the primary driver of age-associated chronic diseases in older adults. Asian populations have been underrepresented in studies developing biological age predictors and understanding age-related diseases. Thus, the Ageing BIOmarker Study in Singaporeans (ABIOS) aims to characterise the biomarkers of ageing in Singaporeans, exploring associations between molecular, physiological, and digital biomarkers of ageing.

This is a single-centre, cross-sectional study that recruits healthy community-dwelling adults (≥ 21 years) from three different ethnic groups (Chinese, Malay, and Indian). Molecular biomarkers of ageing include a multi-omics approach, such as DNA methylation and metabolic and inflammatory parameters in blood, saliva, and stool. Physiological biomarkers of ageing include bone density, body composition, skin autofluorescence, arterial stiffness, physical performance (e.g., muscle strength and flexibility), cognition, and nutritional status. Digital biomarkers of ageing include three-dimensional facial morphology and objective physical activity. Additional factors such as habitual physical activity, dietary patterns, and medical history are also examined. The associations between the molecular, physiological, and digital phenotypes will be explored.

By examining diverse age-related biomarkers, clinical indicators, and lifestyle factors, ABIOS will offer unique insights into the ageing process within these ethnic groups to develop health policies and interventions for promoting healthy ageing in an all-Asian population.

Eligibility Criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

* ≥21 years of age
* Chinese, Malay, or Indian and has lived in Singapore for at least 5 consecutive years
* Apparently healthy and non-smokers
* Having only 1 condition (if ≥45 and \<65 years) or any condition (if ≥65 years), and all conditions were medication-controlled (if any):

  * Hypertension
  * Hyperlipidemia
  * Hyperglycemia
  * Osteopenia/osteoporosis
  * Osteoarthritis
  * Type 2 diabetes

Exclusion Criteria:

* Body mass index (BMI) ≥30 kg/m\^2
* Pre-existing or history of major cardiovascular disease (e.g., coronary artery disease, heart failure, stroke, peripheral vascular disease)
* Any metal implants (excluding dental implants) in the body
* Pre-existing or history of cancer or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
* Pregnant women or planning pregnancy in the next 6-12 months