Gemcitabine Hydrochloride and Cisplatin Before Surgery in Treating Patients With Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer

The purpose of this research study is to find out what effects, good and/or bad, dose-dense (every 14 days) chemotherapy with gemcitabine (gemcitabine hydrochloride) and cisplatin given before surgery have on patients and their muscle invasive bladder cancer.

PRIMARY OBJECTIVES:

I. To assess the rate of complete response (pT0) at cystectomy following preoperative dose dense gemcitabine and cisplatin (DD GC) in patients with muscle invasive urothelial carcinoma of the bladder.

SECONDARY OBJECTIVES:

I. To assess the toxicity profile of DD GC when given in the neoadjuvant setting: To define the number of patients who complete all three cycles of treatment without dose reduction, and to describe the incidence of toxicity.

II. To assess the 5 year overall and relapse free survival in patients who receive neoadjuvant DD GC.

TERTIARY OBJECTIVES:

I. To evaluate tissue specimens from patients to assess for molecular markers that correlate with clinical outcome.

OUTLINE:

Patients receive gemcitabine hydrochloride intravenously (IV) over 30 minutes on day 1 and cisplatin IV on day 1 or divided over days 1 and 2. Treatment repeats every 14 days for 3 courses in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Beginning 3-8 weeks after chemotherapy, patients undergo radical cystectomy.

After completion of study treatment, patients are followed up for 5 years.

Eligibility Criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

* Patients must have histologically confirmed urothelial carcinoma of the bladder or urethra; patients with urothelial carcinoma of the prostatic urethra only may be included at primary investigator (PI) discretion; T-stage must be T2 to T4a; patients with radiographic N0 disease or N1 disease are eligible for the study; patients must not have radiographic evidence of metastatic disease; mixed histologies which are predominantly urothelial, such as with squamous or micropapillary differentiation, are allowed so long as there is no component of small cell histology; histology must be confirmed by a pathologist at an institution involved in this study
* Patients must be candidates for radical cystectomy with the goal of cure
* Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status of 0 or 1
* Leukocytes \>= 3,000/mcL
* Absolute neutrophil count \>= 1,500/mcL
* Platelets \>= 100,000/mcL
* Total bilirubin =\< institutional upper limit of normal (ULN)
* Aspartate aminotransferase (AST)(serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase \[SGOT\])/alanine aminotransferase (ALT)(serum glutamic pyruvate transaminase \[SGPT\]) =\< 2.5 X institutional ULN
* Patients must have adequate renal function defined as creatinine clearance \>= 50 mL/min; for eligibility, creatinine clearance may be either calculated using the Cockcroft-Gault formula or measured with 24 hour urine collection; note that 24 hour urine collection is required at baseline, but does not have to be used for eligibility if calculated clearance by Cockcroft-Gault is preferred; nephrostomy or ureteral stent placement in order to achieve adequate creatinine clearance is allowed
* Women of child-bearing potential (WOCBP) and men with a female partner who is a WOCBP must agree to use adequate contraception (hormonal or barrier method of birth control; abstinence) starting prior to beginning treatment and continuing until at least 3 months after last dose of chemotherapy and surgery; should a woman become pregnant or suspect she is pregnant while participating in this study or if a female partner of a man participating in this study becomes pregnant, the treating physician must be notified immediately; WOCBP must have a negative serum or urine pregnancy test within 7 days prior to initiating study treatment
* No other active malignancy
* Ability to understand and the willingness to sign written informed consent and Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) documents

Exclusion Criteria:

* Patients who have had intravesicular therapy within 4 weeks of study entry, or those who have not recovered from adverse effects of such agents administered more than 4 weeks earlier
* Patients may not be receiving any investigational agents within 4 weeks of study entry
* History of allergic reactions attributed to compounds of similar chemical or biologic composition to gemcitabine or cisplatin or other agents used in the study
* Uncontrolled intercurrent illness including, but not limited to, ongoing or active infection, symptomatic congestive heart failure, unstable angina pectoris, cardiac arrhythmia, or psychiatric illness/social situations that would limit compliance with study requirements
* Pregnant women are excluded from this study
* Known human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive patients on combination antiretroviral therapy are ineligible
* Patients who have undergone prior radiation to greater than or equal to 25% of the bone marrow within the past year are excluded
* Patients who have received any previous systemic chemotherapy or radiation therapy for urothelial carcinoma within 1 year of study entry are ineligible