Vedolizumab Plus Post-transplant Cyclophosphamide and Short Course Tacrolimus for the Prevention of Graft Versus Host Disease in Patients Undergoing Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation After Reduced Intensity Conditioning

This phase II trial studies how well vedolizumab plus post-transplant cyclophosphamide (PTCy) and short course tacrolimus work for the prevention of graft versus host disease (GVHD) in patients undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) after reduced intensity conditioning. Allogeneic HCT is a procedure in which a person receives blood-forming stem cells (cells from which all blood cells develop) from a donor. Giving reduced conditioning chemotherapy before an allogeneic HCT helps kill cancer cells in the body and helps make room in the patient's bone marrow for new stem cells to grow using less than standard doses of chemotherapy. Sometimes, the transplanted cells from a donor can attack the body's normal cells (called graft-versus-host disease). Vedolizumab is a monoclonal antibody, which is a type of protein that can bind to certain targets in the body, such as molecules that cause the body to make an immune response (antigens). It may reduce inflammation. Cyclophosphamide is in a class of medications called alkylating agents. It works by damaging the cell's deoxyribonucleic acid and may kill cancer cells. It may also lower the body's immune response. Tacrolimus suppresses the immune system by preventing the activation of certain types of immune cells. Giving vedolizumab plus PTCy and short course tacrolimus may be effective at preventing GVHD after allogeneic HCT.

PRIMARY OBJECTIVES:

I. Assess the safety and describe the toxicity profile of adding vedolizumab at a fixed dose level to post-transplant cyclophosphamide (PTCy) -based graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis with tacrolimus after mobilized peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) from a matched related/unrelated donor. (Safety lead-in segment) II. Assess the efficacy of vedolizumab in combination with PTCy by grade 2-4 acute GVHD-free survival by day+180 after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). (Expansion segment)

SECONDARY OBJECTIVES:

I. Continue safety assessment of vedolizumab + PTCy combination as GVHD prophylaxis in the expansion cohort.

II. Estimate overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), cumulative incidences of relapse/disease progression, and non-relapse mortality (NRM) at 100 days, and 1-year post-transplant.

III. Estimate rates of acute GVHD (day 100 and 180 post-HCT), lower gastrointestinal (GI) GVHD (day 100 and day 180 post-HCT), chronic GvHD (1-year post-HCT), infections (100 and 180 days and 1 year post HCT).

IV. Estimate rates of complete remission, and neutrophil recovery. V. Evaluate and describe the cytokine release syndrome (CRS) post-HCT by assessing the incidence, frequency, and severity of CRS.

EXPLORATORY OBJECTIVES:

I. Donor cell engraftment will be assessed by count monitoring and short tandem repeat (STR) chimerism analysis on days +30 and day +100.

II. Describe the kinetics of immune cell recovery. III. Evaluate patient's quality of life on day +100, 6 months and one-year post-HCT.

IV. Describe the kinetics of GVHD biomarkers, and inflammatory cytokines for up to 100 days post-HCT.

V. Obtain a preliminary estimate of gut microbiome diversity at baseline (preferably before fludarabine administration), and then on days +14, +30, +60, +100, and +180 after HCT.

OUTLINE:

Patients receive reduced intensity conditioning with fludarabine intravenously (IV) on days -7 to -3 and melphalan IV on day -2. Patients then undergo allogeneic HCT on day 0. Patients also receive vedolizumab IV over 30 minutes on days -1, +13, +41, +69, +97, +125, and +153, cyclophosphamide IV on days +3 and +4, and tacrolimus IV or orally (PO) on day +5 to day +95 in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Additionally, patients undergo computed tomography (CT) and echocardiography (ECHO) or multigated acquisition scan (MUGA) during screening, blood sample collection on study, and bone marrow biopsy throughout the study.

After completion of study treatment, patients are followed up at 30 days after the last dose of vedolizumab, day +180 and at 1 year.

Eligibility Criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

* Documented informed consent of the participant and/or legally authorized representative

  * Assent, when appropriate, will be obtained per institutional guidelines
* Agreement to allow the use of archival tissue from diagnostic tumor biopsies

  * If unavailable, exceptions may be granted with study principal investigator (PI) approval
* Age: ≥ 18 and ≤ 80 years old

  * Note: Patients \> 70 years of age must have Karnofsky performance status ≥ 80 and hematopoietic cell transplantation-comorbidity index (HCT-CI) ≤ 2
* Karnofsky performance status ≥ 70%
* Patients with the following diagnosis, eligible to undergo allogeneic HCT from an 8/8 match related/unrelated donor (A, B, C, DR by high resolution typing)

  * Acute Leukemias (acute myeloid leukemia \[AML\] or acute lymphoblastic leukemia \[ALL\]) in complete remission with bone marrow (BM) blast of \< 5%
  * Myelodysplastic syndrome (blast \< 10%)
  * Myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN) other than myelofibrosis (MF) needing HCT
  * Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML)
* Hemoglobin ≥ 9g/dL (within 30 days prior to day 1 of protocol therapy)

  * NOTE: Red blood cell transfusions are not permitted within 14 days of hemoglobin assessment unless cytopenia is secondary to disease involvement
* Total bilirubin ≤ 2.0 mg/dL (unless has Gilbert's disease) AND serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) and serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT) \< 5 times the upper limit of normal (ULN) (within 30 days prior to day 1 of protocol therapy)
* Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) =\< 3.0 x ULN (within 30 days prior to day 1 of protocol therapy)
* Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) =\< 3.0 x ULN (within 30 days prior to day 1 of protocol therapy)
* Creatinine clearance of ≤ 1.5 mg/dL or ≥ 60 mL/min per 24 hour urine test or the Cockcroft-Gault formula (within 30 days prior to day 1 of protocol therapy)
* Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) ≥ 50%

  * Note: To be performed within 28 days prior to day 1 of protocol therapy
* IF ABLE TO PERFORM PULMONARY FUNCTION TESTS: Forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC) and DLCO (diffusion capacity) ≥ 50% of predicted (corrected for hemoglobin)

  * Note To be performed within 28 days prior to day 1 of protocol therapy
* IF UNABLE TO PERFORM PULMONARY FUNCTION TESTS: Oxygen (O2) saturation \> 92% on room air

  * Note To be performed within 28 days prior to day 1 of protocol therapy
* Seronegative for HIV antigen/antibody (Ag/Ab) combo, hepatitis C virus (HCV), active hepatitis B virus (HBV) (surface antigen negative) (within 30 days prior to day 1 of protocol therapy)

  * HIV-infected patients on effective anti-retroviral therapy with undetectable viral load within 6 months are eligible for this trial
* Tuberculosis test (within 30 days prior to day 1 of protocol therapy)

  * Patients with positive tuberculosis (TB) test results will have infectious disease (ID) evaluation and post HCT therapy with isoniazid (INH) for 6 months with ID follow up. Vaccinated patients will need negative chest X-ray results
* Meets other institutional and federal requirements for infectious disease titer requirements

  * Note Infectious disease testing to be performed within 28 days prior to day 1 of protocol therapy
* Women of childbearing potential (WOCBP): Negative urine or serum pregnancy test (within 30 days prior to day 1 of protocol therapy)

  * If the urine test is positive or cannot be confirmed as negative, a serum pregnancy test will be required
* Agreement by females and males of childbearing potential to use an effective method of birth control or abstain from heterosexual activity for the course of the study through at least 3 months after the last dose of protocol therapy

  * Childbearing potential defined as not being surgically sterilized (men and women) or have not been free from menses for \> 1 year (women only)

Exclusion Criteria:

* Prior allogeneic HCT
* Chemotherapy, radiation therapy, biological therapy, immunotherapy within 14 days prior to day 1 of protocol therapy

  * Note: Conditioning regimen within 14 days prior to day 1 of protocol therapy is not considered as an exclusion criterion. Patients on maintenance chemotherapy with agents listed are not excluded
* Other investigational drugs for GVHD prophylaxis
* Herbal medications
* History of allergic reactions attributed to compounds of similar chemical or biologic composition to study agent
* Clinically significant uncontrolled illness
* Active infection not responding to antibiotics
* Other active malignancy. Patients with a prior or concurrent malignancy whose natural history or treatment does not have the potential to interfere with the safety or efficacy assessment of the investigational regimen are eligible for this trial
* Females only: Pregnant or breastfeeding
* Patients not expected to be available for follow-up in our institution for at least 100 days after the transplant
* Any other condition that would, in the investigator's judgment, contraindicate the patient's participation in the clinical study due to safety concerns with clinical study procedures
* Prospective participants who, in the opinion of the investigator, may not be able to comply with all study procedures (including compliance issues related to feasibility/logistics)