Immuno-Augmentation With GM-CSF of Pneumococcal Vaccine in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Patients

The goal of this clinical research study is to see if Leukine(R) (sargramostim) improves the effectiveness of the pneumococcal vaccine, a medicine used to prevent pneumococcal pneumonia, in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL).

Sargramostim (also commonly called granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor - GM-CSF) is a medication used to stimulate the bone marrow production of white blood cells before a stem cell transplant, after chemotherapy or after a bone marrow transplant. Pneumococcal vaccine is a medication used to prevent infections caused by a bacteria called Streptococcus pneumoniae.

If you have not had a gammaglobulins test (a test to measure immunity against certain infectious diseases) measured within three months before the study begins, then this blood test will be done before you receive any study medications.

Women who are able to have children must have a negative urine pregnancy test before starting treatment.

After consenting to this study, you will be randomly assigned (as in the toss of a coin) to receive treatment with sargramostim in addition to the pneumococcal vaccine or to receive pneumococcal vaccine alone (Prevnar).

* If you are randomized to vaccine plus sargramostim group, you will receive an injection of sargramostim at the same time you receive the pneumococcal vaccine.
* If you are randomized to the vaccine alone group, you will receive the pneumococcal vaccine on the first day.

Blood tests will be performed on the day of the pneumococcal vaccination, and 4 weeks, 12 weeks and 24 weeks after vaccination. Each of the blood tests will require about 4 teaspoons of blood. These blood tests will measure your immunity to pneumococcal infection.

If after 6 months of your first vaccination your body is not able to show immunity to pneumococcal infection, you will receive a second dose either pneumococcal vaccine plus sargramostim or pneumococcal vaccine alone. Your immunity will be checked again at 4 weeks, 12 weeks, and 24 weeks after this second dose. Only 4 teaspoon of blood will be required for the tests.

You may be removed from the study if you have a severe allergic reaction to the sargramostim and/or pneumococcal vaccine. The total maximum time you will be on this is study is 24 months.

This is an investigational study. Both of the medications used in this study are approved by the FDA. Up to 50 patients may be treated on this study. All will be enrolled at M.D. Anderson.

Eligibility Criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

1) Patients in complete / partial remission or those with active Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) with Rai stage 0 to 4.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Patients will not be entered while neutropenic (PMNs \< 500 cells/mm3) or having received Rituximab within 6 months.
2. Patients will not be entered while febrile (Temperature \> 38 degrees C) within 1 week.
3. Active infection.
4. Patients with known Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection.
5. Known history of allergy to Granulocyte/ macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) or pneumococcal vaccine.
6. Chemotherapy other than Campath, fludarabine, cyclophosphamide, in 4 weeks.
7. Patients who have previously received pneumococcal vaccine within the preceding 12 months.
8. Absolute lymphocyte count less than 500 cells/mm3.