AI-Assisted Learning in Medicine

This multi-center retrospective cohort study investigates the real-world impact of integrating MetaGP-Edu, a proprietary AI tool fine-tuned for medical education, into the undergraduate Internal Medicine curriculum. Utilizing historical academic records from several major medical institutions in China across multiple academic years, the study compares the performance of student cohorts who learned via traditional methods only with subsequent cohorts who had supplementary access to MetaGP-Edu. The primary outcome measure is overall academic performance in the Internal Medicine course, assessed through final course scores. The analysis aims to determine if access to the AI tool as a supplementary resource is associated with differences in learning outcomes, while statistically accounting for baseline student characteristics and other potential confounders between the compared cohorts.

ackground and Rationale: The effective teaching of Internal Medicine, a cornerstone of undergraduate medical education, presents significant pedagogical challenges due to the breadth and complexity of the subject matter and the large student cohorts typically enrolled in major academic medical centers. While traditional methods like lectures and textbook readings are essential, there is a recognized need for innovative approaches that can better support the development of clinical reasoning, facilitate deeper engagement with complex case material, and offer more personalized learning opportunities at scale. Artificial intelligence (AI), particularly advanced large language models (LLMs) trained on domain-specific knowledge, holds considerable potential as an educational technology to address these needs. MetaGP-Edu, a proprietary generative foundation model fine-tuned specifically for medical education using pedagogical datasets, was developed to explore this potential by serving as a supplementary learning resource. Evaluating the real-world impact of integrating such tools into established curricula is crucial for evidence-informed educational practice.

Objectives: The primary objective of this study is to retrospectively evaluate the association between the availability of the MetaGP-Edu AI tool as a supplementary learning resource and overall student academic performance in the core Internal Medicine curriculum.

Study Design: This investigation employs a multi-center, retrospective cohort study design. Routinely collected academic data from several major medical schools in China over multiple consecutive academic years will be analyzed. This approach allows for the comparison of student cohorts based on their historical exposure to different educational resource environments (with vs. without MetaGP-Edu access) within real-world academic settings.

Setting and Participants: The study encompasses data from undergraduate medical students enrolled in the mandatory Internal Medicine course at several large, academically affiliated medical institutions in China. Participants include students who completed the course across a span of academic years covering the period before and after the introduction of MetaGP-Edu (approximately Fall 2022). Inclusion is based on the availability of complete academic records for the Internal Medicine course during the specified study period.

Exposure/Intervention and Comparator: The study compares two main cohorts defined by the timing of MetaGP-Edu availability:

Comparator Cohort (Pre-MetaGP-Edu): Students who completed the Internal Medicine course in the academic years prior to the introduction of MetaGP-Edu. These students utilized the institutions' established traditional teaching methods (e.g., lectures, tutorials, standard case discussions, textbook assignments) without access to the MetaGP-Edu tool.

Exposure Cohort (Post-MetaGP-Edu): Students who completed the Internal Medicine course in the academic years following the introduction of MetaGP-Edu. These students participated in the same core traditional curriculum components but also had access to MetaGP-Edu via institutional platforms as a supplementary, optional resource for self-directed learning, case exploration, and clinical query support.

Outcome Measures: The primary outcome measure is overall academic performance in the Internal Medicine course, typically represented by the final numeric course score (e.g., on a 0-100 scale) as documented in official university records. Key covariates, including measures of baseline academic achievement (e.g., prior cumulative GPA or equivalent), demographic factors (e.g., sex), and institutional site, will be extracted from administrative data to allow for statistical adjustment.

Eligibility Criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

Inclusion criteria required students to have completed the entire Internal Medicine course and possess a recorded final numeric score for the course within the selected timeframe

Exclusion Criteria:

Students with incomplete academic records for the course, those who transferred between institutions mid-course, or individuals identified as having repeated the course were excluded