Antipyretic Treatment for Intrapartum Fever: Dipyrone vs Acetaminophen (RCT)

Chorioamnionitis, or intraamniotic infection, is a common condition affecting 2-5% of all term births. This condition poses well-recognized maternal and neonatal risks, and entails a series of clinical management decisions concerning both the mother and neonate. Therefore, timely detection and treatment of chorioamnionitis is of paramount importance. The occurrence of chorioamnionitis is associated with a higher risk of labor abnormalities, which increase the risk of cesarean delivery (CD) 3 to 4 fold.

As recommended by current guidelines, treatment of suspected intraamniotic infection should include broad-spectrum antibiotics. In addition, the use of antipyretics is advocated. This is particularly important during the intrapartum period since fetal acidosis in the setting of fever has been associated with a marked increase in the incidence of neonatal encephalopathy. Maternal fever even in the absence of documented fetal acidosis is associated with adverse neonatal outcomes, particularly neonatal encephalopathy, though it is unclear to what extent the etiology of the fever rather than the fever itself is causative . Furthermore, treating intrapartum fever with antipyretics may also be helpful in reducing fetal tachycardia thereby avoiding the tendency to perform cesarean for a non-reassuring fetal status. Nevertheless, it remains understudied which is the most appropriate antipyretic agent in this regard, where both dipyrone and acetaminophen are safe alternatives . Antipyretic agent with a faster onset of action may be preferable in this setting.

Chorioamnionitis, or intraamniotic infection, affects 2-5% of term deliveries and is associated with significant maternal and neonatal risks, including a 3- to 4-fold increase in cesarean delivery. Management includes prompt antibiotic treatment and antipyretic use, particularly during labor, where maternal fever may contribute to fetal acidosis and increased risk of neonatal encephalopathy. Even in the absence of acidosis, maternal fever alone is linked to adverse neonatal outcomes. Antipyretics may also help resolve fetal tachycardia, potentially avoiding unnecessary cesarean sections. While both dipyrone and acetaminophen are considered safe, it remains unclear which has superior efficacy in the intrapartum setting, and an agent with faster onset may offer clinical advantages.

Stages of study: Following the diagnosis of suspected intrapartum intraamniotic infection, eligible women will be offered to participate. All women will be treated with the same broad-spectrum antibiotic regimen. As stated above, those who gave their informed consent will be randomly assigned to either dipyrone or acetaminophen.

After administering antipyretic treatment, oral temperature will be monitored every 5 minutes for up to 40 minutes.

Eligibility Criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

* Women undergoing a trial of vaginal delivery, with suspected intra-amniotic infection defined as isolated maternal fever of 39°C or greater, or an sustained oral temperature of 38-38.9°C for at least 30 minutes or with one or more of the following: maternal leukocytosis, purulent cervical drainage, or fetal tachycardia.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Known history of adverse events for dipyrone or acetaminophen
* Age \<18 years
* Gestational age \<24 weeks
* Intrauterine fetal death
* Fever onset prior to delivery
* Known liver disease
* Known leukopenia
* In addition, those who will develop allergic event or any adverse event possible related to any of the antipyretics used will be excluded from the