Rituximab and GM-CSF in Treating Patients With Newly Diagnosed Follicular B-Cell Lymphoma

RATIONALE: Monoclonal antibodies, such as rituximab, can block cancer growth in different ways. Some block the ability of cancer cells to grow and spread. Others find cancer cells and help kill them or carry cancer-killing substances to them. Colony-stimulating factors, such as GM-CSF, may increase the number of immune cells found in bone marrow or peripheral blood. Giving rituximab together with GM-CSF may be an effective treatment for follicular B-cell lymphoma.

PURPOSE: This phase II trial is studying the side effects and how well giving rituximab together with GM-CSF works in treating patients with newly diagnosed follicular B-cell lymphoma.

OBJECTIVES:

Primary

* Determine the safety and efficacy of rituximab and sargramostim (GM-CSF), in terms of complete response at 12 weeks, in patients with newly diagnosed follicular B-cell lymphoma.

Secondary

* Determine the overall response rate in patients treated with this regimen.
* Determine the progression-free survival at 3 years in patients treated with this regimen.
* Determine the adverse event profile of this regimen in these patients.
* Determine the survival of patients treated with this regimen.
* Determine the effect of Fc gamma receptor polymorphism on response rate and time to progression in patients treated with this regimen.

OUTLINE: This is an open-label, multicenter study.

Patients receive rituximab IV on days 1, 8, 15, and 22 and sargramostim (GM-CSF) subcutaneously on days 1, 3, and 5. Treatment with GM-CSF repeats weekly for up to 8 weeks in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.

Patients undergo blood collection at baseline for correlative laboratory studies of Fc-gamma receptor RIIIa 158 polymorphism.

After completion of study treatment, patients are followed every 3 months for 2 years and then every 6 months for 1 year.

Eligibility Criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

1. Patients must have histologically confirmed newly diagnosed follicular B-cell lymphoma.
2. Patients must have measurable disease, defined as at least one lesion that can be accurately measured in at least one dimension (longest diameter to be recorded) as \>/= 20 mm with conventional techniques or as \>/= 10 mm with spiral CT scan.
3. Patients should not have received prior therapy of any kind for follicular B-cell lymphoma.
4. Age \>/= 18 years. Because no dosing or adverse event data are currently available for the use of rituximab in combination with sargramostim in patients (males or females) \<18 years of age, children are excluded from this study.
5. Eastern Cooperative Oncology (ECOG) performance status \</= 2 (Karnofsky \>/= 60%).
6. Patients must have normal organ and marrow function as defined below: - leukocytes \>/= 3,000/microL; - absolute neutrophil count \>/= 1,500/microL; - platelets \>/= 100,000/microL; -total bilirubin within normal institutional limits; - AST(SGOT)/ALT(SGPT) \</= 2.5 X institutional upper limit of normal; - creatinine within normal institutional limits OR - creatinine clearance \>/= 60 mL/min/1.73 m\^2 for patients with creatinine levels above institutional normal
7. Hemoglobin \>/= 8.0 gm/dL
8. The effects of rituximab and sargramostim on the developing human fetus at the recommended therapeutic doses are unknown. For this reason women of child-bearing potential and men must agree to use adequate contraception (hormonal or barrier method of birth control; abstinence) prior to study entry and for the duration of study participation. Should a woman become pregnant or suspect she is pregnant while participating in this study, she should inform her treating physician immediately.
9. Ability to understand and the willingness to sign an informed consent document.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Prior therapy of any kind for follicular B-cell lymphoma.
2. Patients may not be receiving any other investigational agents.
3. Patients with known brain metastases should be excluded from this clinical trial because of their poor prognosis and because they often develop progressive neurologic dysfunction that would confound the evaluation of neurologic and other adverse events.
4. History of allergic reactions attributed to compounds of similar chemical or biologic composition to rituximab or other agents used in the study.
5. Rituximab is contraindicated in patients with known anaphylaxis or IgE-mediated hypersensitivity to murine proteins. Sargramostim is contraindicated in patients with excessive leukemic myeloid blasts, with known hypersensitivity to GM-CSF or yeast-derived components of the recombinant, and for concomitant (or within 24 hours ± of) uses with chemotherapy or radiotherapy.
6. Uncontrolled intercurrent illness including, but not limited to, ongoing or active infection, symptomatic congestive heart failure, unstable angina pectoris, cardiac arrhythmia, or psychiatric illness/social situations that would limit compliance with study requirements.
7. Pregnant women are excluded from this study.
8. Patients with immune deficiency are at increased risk of lethal infections when treated with marrow-suppressive therapy. Therefore, HIV-positive patients receiving combination anti-retroviral therapy are excluded from the study because of possible pharmacokinetic interactions.
9. Patients with evidence of active or prior infection of Hepatitis B are excluded. (Note: Persons vaccinated for Hepatitis B who have positive antibodies are not excluded).