Anti-CD19 CAR-NK Cells in Refractory/Relapsed Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

This study is a single-center, open-label, single-arm, dose-escalation trial. The aim of this study is to investigate the safety and efficacy of anti-CD19 CAR-NK cells in patients with refractory/relapsed systemic lupus erythematosus.


Eligibility Criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

* Voluntarily participate in this clinical study, sign an informed consent form, have good compliance, and cooperate with follow-up;
* Age range from 18 to 65 years old, regardless of gender;
* Fulfilling the 2019 ACR/EULAR classification criteria of SLE;
* Presence of anti-dsDNA or decreased C3/C4 levels;
* SLEDAI-2K≥8；
* Routine treatment is ineffective or the disease relapses after remission. Definition of routine treatment: use more than two drugs, including glucocorticoid (more than 1mg/kg/d), and any two or more of the following immunomodulatory drugs for more than 6 months: cyclophosphamide, mycophenolate mofetil, azathioprine, methotrexate, leflunomide, tacrolimus, ciclosporin, and biological agents, including rituximab, belizumab, or telitacicept；
* Hemoglobin ≥ 80g/L; white blood cell count ≥ 3 × 10\^9/L；neutrophil count ≥ 1.5 × 10\^9/L; platelets ≥ 30 × 10\^9/L;
* The functions of important organs are basically normal: ALT ≤ 2 × ULN; AST ≤ 2 × ULN; eGFR ≥ 30ml/min/1.73m2; total bilirubin ≤2.0 mg/dL; cardiac function: left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) ≥ 50%; non-oxygenated blood oxygen saturation \>94%; prothrombin time (PT) ≤ 1.5 × ULN；international standardized ratio (INR) ≤ 1.5 × ULN；
* Females of childbearing potential must use effective contraception during the study.

Exclusion Criteria:

* History of severe allergy or known hypersensitivity to any of the active ingredients of the cell product；
* Pregnant (or lactating) women;
* Severe lupus nephritis (defined as serum creatinine \> 2.5 mg/dL or 221 μmol/L), treatment with hemodialysis within 8 weeks prior to screening；
* Other lupus crises, such as active central nervous system lupus, severe hemolytic anemia, severe thrombocytopenic purpura, severe agranulocytosis, severe myocardial damage, severe lupus pneumonia or pulmonary hemorrhage, severe lupus hepatitis, and severe vasculitis within 8 weeks prior to screening；
* Combined with other autoimmune diseases requiring systemic therapy except for secondary sjogren's syndrome;
* Clinically significant central nervous system diseases or pathological changes not caused by lupus prior to screening, including but not limited to: cerebrovascular accident, aneurysm, epilepsy, convulsions/convulsions, aphasia, stroke, severe brain injury, dementia, Parkinson's disease, cerebellar disease, organic brain syndrome, or psychosis;
* Abnormal test results for hepatitis B or C indicate the presence of an active or chronic infection, including positive HBsAg or positive HBcAb with HBV DNA levels exceeding the normal upper limit，positive hepatitis C antibody and detectable HCV RNA；positive serology for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) or a known history of HIV infection；Patients who test positive for HBsAg, have HBV DNA levels within the normal range, and are willing to reveive full-course antiviral therapy for hepatitis B are allowed to participate in this trial.
* Cytomegalovirus DNA levels in the peripheral blood exceeding the normal upper limits；
* Active or latent tuberculosis；
* Presence of uncontrollable bacterial, fungal, viral or other infections, requiring antibiotic therapy;
* Acquired and congenital immunodeficiency diseases；
* IgA deficiency;
* Other uncontrolled diseases: acute or chronic diseases that are clinically unstable or have not been effectively controlled and are not related to SLE；
* History of malignant diseases such as malignant tumors, except for adequately treated cervical carcinoma in situ, basal cell or squamous cell skin cancer, superficial bladder cancer, breast cancer;
* Any active skin disease that may interfere with the study assessment of SLE, including but not limited to psoriasis, dermatomyositis, systemic sclerosis, non-LE cutaneous lupus manifestations (eg, cutaneous vascular disease, periungual telangiectasia, fingertip sclerosis, rheumatoid nodules, erythema multiforme, leg ulcers) or drug-induced lupus；
* Prior treatment with cell therapy or any prior gene therapy product；
* Contraindication to cyclophosphamide in combination with fludarabine;
* Prior CD19-targeted therapy;
* Received live vaccine treatment within 4 weeks prior to screening;
* Subjects who have undergone major surgery within 8 weeks prior to screening, or who are scheduled to have surgery during the trial；
* Have received B-cell targeted therapy within 4 weeks prior to screening;
* Have received plasmapheresis within 3 months prior to screening;
* Have participated in other clinical studies within 3 months prior to screening;
* History of vital organ transplantation (eg, heart, lung, kidney, liver) or hematopoietic stem cell/or bone marrow transplantation；
* Situations in which investigators consider it inappropriate to participate in the study.