Validation of the French Version of the Perinatal Assessment of Paternal Affectivity (PAPA)

The transition to parenthood is a critical period for both the woman and her partner, and this can affect the mental health of the parents. Like mothers, fathers are at risk of stress, anxiety, depression and post-traumatic stress disorder during the perinatal period.

Existing screening or diagnostic tools have been developed on the basis of traditional depressive symptoms expressed by women. However, the manifestations of perinatal mental disorders appear to be different in men. It is therefore essential to develop tools that are sensitive and specific to both gender and the perinatal period in order to increase the sensitivity and specificity of screening for fathers.

In France, to the best of the knowledge of the investigators, there is no validated tool in French to assess paternal psychological disorders, either prenatally or postnatally. Baldoni et al. had validated a brief self-report questionnaire, the " Perinatal Assessment of Paternal Affectivity " (PAPA), to screen for perinatal signs and symptoms of paternal affective disorder, using a gender-sensitive approach.

The aim of this study is to cross-cultural adapt the PAPA in French and to evaluate its psychometric properties.

This validation of the French-PAPA would provide a simple tool, easy to use in everyday practice, to detect any signs or symptoms of paternal psychopathological distress in the pre- and postnatal period.

The cross-cultural adaptation of the pre- and postnatal versions of the PAPA in French will be conduct according to international guidelines.

The PAPA consists of 8 items assessing in the last two weeks anxiety, depression, perceived stress, irritability/anger, relationship problems, abnormal illness behavior, physiological problems, and addictions and other risky behaviors. The severity of the symptoms and behaviors is rated on a 4-point Likert scale from 0 (not at all) to 3 (a lot). A total score is calculated by summing the 8 items' scores. Three additional items consist of: perceiving the symptoms as related to fatherhood, feeling happy with being or becoming a father, reporting additional aspects to better describe feelings.

The study will be offered to all eligible couples. Recruitment will take place in two different ways, depending on whether it is prenatal or postnatal. Women in the prenatal period will be included during one of the third trimester pregnancy monitoring consultations or during one of the third trimester ultrasounds or during a third trimester parenthood preparation course. If the woman is alone at the consultation, she will be asked if she can bring her partner to the next consultation. Postnatal enrolment will take place in the maternity unit, after the woman has given birth.

The couple will give written informed consent if they agree to participate in the study. The women will not be asked to complete any questionnaires. Only some of their socio-demographic and medical data, and that of their child, will be collected from their electronic medical file. For the prenatal study period, the male partners will complete the study questionnaires online after the consultation in the third trimester of pregnancy, and before the baby is born. For the postnatal study period, the male partners will complete the study questionnaires online eight weeks after the baby's birth.

To assess the test-retest reliability of the French-PAPA, the male partners will receive an e-mail to complete the French-PAPA questionnaire a second time online 10 days after the first completion.

Eligibility Criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

* Woman and its male partner aged 18 years old and older
* Couple understanding, speaking and reading French
* Couple giving their informed consent to participate voluntarily

Exclusion Criteria:

* Woman without male partner
* Woman admitted to intensive care after giving birth
* Couple whose newborn died peripartum
* Couple who have had a medical abortion or fetal death in utero for the current pregnancy
* Woman and/or male partner refusing to participate in the study
* Woman and/or male partner not speaking French
* Woman and/or male partner in the incapacity to answer the questionnaires
* Woman and/or male partner under guardianship or conservatorship, deprived of liberty, or in the custody of correctional authorities