Is Lower Limb Neuromotor Control Diverse in Females With PF OA Contrasted With Asymptomatic Controls

Objective: to investigate whether females with PF OA descend stairs with different muscular recruitment strategies contrasted with similar aged healthy females.

Methods: An observational comparative study will be conducted with thirty females with PF OA and 10 healthy ones. The onset times and electromyography (EMG) duration of multifidus, transversus abdominus (TrA), gluteus medius (GM), and vasti muscles will be measured by quantitative EMG during stair descent task. hypothesis: Investigators hypothesize that there won't be a significant difference between females with PF OA and their matched healthy group regarding the onset times and duration of vastus medialis obliqus (VMO), vastus lateralis (VL), gluteus medius (GM), multifidus, and transversus abdominus (TrA), during stair descent task.

Investigators will collect the EMG activity of VMO, VL, GM, multifidus, and TrA using bipolar Ag-AgCl disposable surface electrodes (Better signal solution medical supply Co., limited, Zhongshan, China) and eight channels highresolution wireless bio amplifier (WBA) system (Biomation, Almonte, Canada). Electromyographic data will be sampled at 1000 Hz and bandpass filtered at 50-200 Hz. For each muscle, three electrodes will be used; two electrodes will be placed \~30 mm apart in the direction of the muscle fibers and a ground electrode will be placed over the closest bony prominence. Before placement of the electrodes, the subject's skin will be cleaned with alcohol to reduce impedance and excess hair will be removed to eliminate shifting of the electrodes if needed. The stair-stepping task consists of descending 2 steps. Patients should start descending the steps immediately in response to a command, at their normal speed with their affected limb. Healthy subjects should start descending stairs with their dominant limb . Before data acquisition, participants should perform one practice trial of stair descent to get familiarized with the task. Then the participants should perform three test trials with thirty seconds of rest after each trial to prevent fatigue. The raw data will be stored on a personal computer for analysis with a custom program in Matlab (Math Works, Natick, Massachusetts, USA). Investigators should use a mean of data in three trials for analysis.

Eligibility Criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

* • Inclusion Criteria for PF OA group; patients will be included if they have

  1. Anterior- or retro-patellar knee pain aggravated by at least two activities that load the PFJ (eg; stair ambulation, squatting and/or rising from sitting) .
  2. Pain during these activities presented on most days during the past month and their pain severity was ≥ 4 on an 11 point numerical pain scale during aggravating activities .,
  3. A grade less than (2) from postero-anterior views on the Kellgren - Lawrence (KL) grading scale.

Inclusion Criteria for Healthy control subjects :

1. no history of knee pathology or pain with any of the provocative activities which were mentioned above

Exclusion Criteria:

* • Exclusion Criteria for Patients in the PF OA group:

  1. concomitant pain from tibiofemoral joint or other knee structures . • Exclusion Criteria for Subjects from both groups:

  <!-- -->

  1. current or previous pain in the hip, lumbar spine or foot that lasted longer than 3 months and/or required intervention.
  2. a history of lower extremity, pelvis or spine fractures; spine, hip, knee or foot surgeries; hip or patellar subluxation/ dislocation.
  3. injury to any of knee ligaments or meniscus.
  4. systemic diseases (e.g. rheumatoid arthritis), neurological conditions or fibromyalgia . 5.The professional athletes; people who exercise more than two hours a day or every other day.