CD19/CD22 CAR-T Cell Therapy in MRD-Positive B-lineage Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia in Children.

In this study, CD19/CD22 dual-target CAR-T therapy will be carried out among children patients who are still positive after induction remission, and subsequent chemotherapy will continue after CAR-T cells exert their functions. This study intends to use retroviral vector-based tandem CAR-T cells targeting CD19/CD22 to treat MRD-positive ALL. The CAR-T cells were provided by Shenzhen Cell Valley. The results of the research team from Stanford University School of Medicine in the United States have already demonstrated the feasibility and safety of producing bispecific CD19/CD22.BB.z-CAR T cells in a closed system as well as the high clinical activity shown in the treatment of CAR19-resistant B-ALL (B-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia) and LBCL (Large B-cell lymphoma). The investigators look forward to expanding the application of CAR-T cells in MRD positive B-ALL through this clinical study on safety and efficacy and greatly improving the prognosis of children patients with this type of B-ALL.

This clinical trial is a single-center, open-label, single-arm clinical trial to evaluate the safety and efficacy of CAR-T cell treatment for MRD-positive B-ALL. The specific trial process is divided as follows:

1. Screen the enrolled population to determine the indications and exclusion criteria for cell treatment. In brief, intermediate-risk patients with positive MRD on day 46 of induction through flow cytometry according to CCCG-ALL regimen.
2. Sign the informed consent form.
3. CAR-T cell preparation: collect autologous lymphocytes and produce CAR-T cells targeting the CD19/CD22 target.
4. Lymphocyte depletion pretreatment: according to the patient's condition, select the FC regimen (fludarabine 30 mg/m²/day for 4 days; cyclophosphamide 500 mg/m²/day for 2 days) before autologous transplantation.
5. Cell intravenous infusion: dose: 3 × 10⁶/kg (allowable fluctuation range: 2 × 10⁶/kg - 4 × 10⁶/kg). Obeserve adverse reactions including CRS and ICANS.
6. Evaluate the efficacy after the first cell infusion by MRD test .
7. Continue chemotherapy after one month of CART according CCCG-ALL regimen from the second high-dose MTX of consolidation stage.
8. Follow-up after the completion of the clinical study: within the first month after cell infusion, the subject needs to complete the relevant examinations required for follow-up on the 7th, 14th, 21st, and 30th days. Depending on the patient's condition, the number of detections may also be increased; from the 2nd to 6th months after infusion, follow-up once a month; from 6 months to 2 years after infusion, follow-up once every 3 months. From 2 to 5 years after infusion, follow-up once a year. After that, enter long-term follow-up.

Eligibility Criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

1. Parents or legal guardians fully understand, are informed of this study and sign the informed consent form (ICF); are willing to follow and can complete all test procedures.
2. Chinese children aged 1-18 years old at the time of screening, regardless of gender, with a body weight ≥ 10 kg.
3. Bone marrow examination confirms that MRD is still positive on the 46th day after induction remission.
4. Tumor cells in the bone marrow (BM) or peripheral blood (PB) express CD19/CD22 within 3 months before screening.
5. Good organ function, which needs to meet the following criteria: (1)ALT ≤ 5 times the upper limit of normal value (ULN); (2)total bilirubin ≤ 2 times ULN (Gilbert's syndrome ≤ 3 times ULN); (3)without \> grade 1 dyspnea when not inhaling oxygen, and oxygen saturation \> 95%; (4)left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) ≥ 50%; (5)serum creatinine ≤ 1.5 times ULN.
6. Karnofsky score (≥ 16 years old) ≥ 70 or Lansky (\< 16 years old) score ≥ 50.
7. Expected survival period of at least 12 weeks.
8. Have sufficient venous access (for apheresis or venous blood sampling), and have no other contraindications for blood cell separation.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Have genetic diseases, except Down syndrome.
2. Have a history of other malignancies or have other malignancies simultaneously.
3. Meet any of the following conditions: (1)hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) positive or HBV DNA quantification higher than the upper limit of normal value; (2)hepatitis C antibody (HCV Ab) positive and HCV RNA quantification higher than the upper limit of normal value; (3)human immunodeficiency virus antibody (HIV-Ab) positive; (4)Treponema pallidum antibody (TP-Ab) positive; (5)EBV DNA higher than the upper limit of normal value; (6)cytomegalovirus DNA higher than the upper limit of normal value.
4. Have or are suspected to have uncontrolled or require intravenous drug treatment for fungal, bacterial, viral or other infections.
5. Long-acting G-CSF is prohibited within 21 days before screening, and short-acting G-CSF is prohibited within 7 days before screening.
6. Have active central nervous system leukemia.
7. Are allergic to albumin and aminoglycoside antibiotics.
8. Have undergone organ transplantation (except hematopoietic stem cell transplantation).
9. Have participated in other interventional clinical studies within 3 months before screening (received active test drug treatment), or intend to participate in another clinical trial or receive anti-tumor treatment other than that specified in the protocol during the entire study period.
10. Cannot tolerate chemotherapy and cytokine storm due to impaired function of important organs.
11. Other situations that the investigator deems not suitable for participating in this clinical trial.