YCFM (Youth Correctional Facilities Males)

The proposed study is a single center (with multiple long-term YCFs) treatment trial of the CDC-recommended azithromycin regimen (1 gm PO once) for chlamydia in males. This study is designed primarily to determine the frequency of chlamydia treatment failure following azithromycin in males who do versus do not have urethral symptoms of urethral discharge and/or dysuria. Anticipated enrollment is 446 males, between the age of 12 to 21 years old, with subject participation duration of 28 days and study duration of 4 years. The primary objective of the study is to assess the microbiological efficacy of azithromycin in uncomplicated Chlamydia trachomatis infection in males with versus without urethral symptoms in YCFs.

The proposed study is a single center (with multiple long-term YCFs) treatment trial of the CDC-recommended azithromycin regimen (1 gm PO once) for chlamydia in males residing in long-term gender-segregated YCFs. This study is designed primarily to determine the frequency of chlamydia treatment failure following azithromycin in males who do versus do not have urethral symptoms of urethral discharge and/or dysuria. Males age 12 to 21 years in good health (based on vital signs and provider's clinical evaluation documented in medical records) who are residing in long-term gender-segregated (not co-ed) YCFs (usual stay \> 3 weeks) and who are identified as chlamydia-infected comprise the study population. The anticipated enrollment is 446 males with subject participation duration of 28 days and study duration of 4 years. The primary objective of the study is to assess the microbiological efficacy of azithromycin in uncomplicated Chlamydia trachomatis infection in males with versus without urethral symptoms in YCFs; in essence, this study will assess the frequency of chlamydia treatment failure to azithromycin at the Day 28 follow-up visit (Visit 2) in males with urethral symptoms compared to males without urethral symptoms. The secondary objective is to evaluate the association of laboratory findings (enrollment chlamydia load and OmpA genotype) and other participant characteristics (demographics, sexual behaviors, etc.) to chlamydia treatment failure in males after azithromycin treatment.

Eligibility Criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

1.Male between the ages of 12 and 21 years 2.Residing in a long-term gender-segregated (no co-ed) YCF 3.Diagnosed with urogenital chlamydia as determined by a screening C. trachomatis NAAT 4.Anticipated length of stay at the YCF at the time of enrollment is at least 28 days 5.Willingness to provide written consent 6.Willingness to comply with study procedures

Exclusion Criteria:

1.Diagnosed with gonorrhea as determined by a screening Neisseria gonorrhoeae NAAT 2.Clinical diagnosis of epididymitis based on review of medical records 3.Known allergy to azithromycin, erythromycin, any macrolide or ketolide drug 4.History of liver problems due to use of azithromycin 5.Having received antimicrobial therapy with activity against C. trachomatis within 21 days of the positive chlamydia screening NAAT or in the interval between the positive screening NAAT and study enrollment 6.Any concomitant infection, which requires antimicrobial therapy with activity against C. trachomatis 7.Previously enrolled in this study 8.Unable to swallow pills 9.Other exclusion criteria, per clinician judgment, that prohibits subject from enrolling in study