Isolation and Characterization of the Extracellular Vesicles Secreted by the Human Endometrium

The main aim of this study is to describe the morphology, size distributions and specific markers of the different vesicles populations present in the human endometrial fluid. To further characterize the vesicles populations, contents of these membrane compartments (i.e.: DNA, RNA, proteins, lipids and other small metabolites) will be assessed by using mass spectrometry and next generation sequencing techniques. The objective here is to relate a specific vesicles composition to the moment of the cycle, to a normal physiological endometrial function and to the transmission of functionalities from the mother to the embryo.

In the last decades, the emission of membrane enclosed compartments, more commonly regarded as extracellular vesicles, has been established as a new mechanism of communication either between cells of a complex organism, between unicellular organisms or between unicellular organism and host. These vesicles have been described in all body fluids and are currently classified into three types according to the mechanism by which they are formed: exosomes, with sizes ranging from 30 to 150 nm (formed intracellularly); microvesicles, between 100 and 1000 nm (formed from the cell membrane) and apoptotic bodies, with sizes greater than 1 µm (produced by cells undergoing programmed cell death).

Endometrial fluid is a viscous liquid present in the uterine cavity originating from the different cell types that form the uterus and serum exudates. It offers a precise view of the context in which the embryo implants and can be retrieved by a minimally invasive technique.

The main objective of this pilot study is to isolate and characterize the extracellular vesicles secreted by the endometrium to the endometrial fluid, being this the first time that this fact is being described. It is intended to standardize a method for the isolation of the different vesicles populations present within the endometrial fluid (i.e.: apoptotic bodies, microvesicles and exosomes), based on serial differential centrifugations and filtration. Morphological characterization of the isolated vesicles will be done at three levels: study of the external morphology by transmission electron microscopy, characterization of the different vesicles populations surface markers by Western Blot and analysis of the vesicles populations size distributions by Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis.

The second part of the study is directed to assess the content of the extracellular vesicles throughout the menstrual cycle. For this purpose, a canonical menstrual cycle of 28 to 30 days has been classified in 5 phases: phase I (days 0-8), phase II (days 9-14), phase III (days 15-18), phase IV (days 19-24) and phase V (25 to 30). The experimental design for vesicles contents description consists of two levels of comparison: (1) analysis of differential contents of the different populations of vesicles in the same phase of the menstrual cycle and for each of the phases and (2) analysis of differential contents of the same population of vesicles in each phase of the cycle and for each of the vesicular populations. This characterization of the vesicular contents will be made using mass spectrometry techniques to analyze the protein, lipid and other small metabolites composition. Their presence aims to be related both to the moment of the cycle and to a normal physiological function of the endometrium. On the other hand, analysis of DNA and RNA contents of these vesicular populations by massive sequencing will be performed. The objective here is to analyze the transmission of functionalities to target cells as well as the potential predictive usefulness of these molecules to determine the moment of the menstrual cycle.

Eligibility Criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

* Healthy women in natural cycles.
* Age: 18 to 35 years (both included).
* Normal karyotype.
* Negative serological results for HIV, HBV, HBC, RPR.
* BMI: 18-30 Kg/m2 (both included).
* Regular menstrual cycle (3-4/28-30 days).

Exclusion Criteria:

* Patients who had carried a IUD device in the previous 3 months.
* Patients who had taken hormonal contraceptives in the previous 2 months.
* Adnexal or uterine pathologies.
* Polycystic ovary syndrome.
* Patients suffering from serious or uncontrolled bacterial, fungal or viral infectious diseases that could potentially interfere with the participation of the patient or with the results of the study (evaluated by the principal researcher of the research team).
* Any unstable disease or medical condition that could interfere with the study or put in risk the health of the patient (evaluated by the principal researcher of the research team).