Parent-Child Memory Study: Improving Future Thinking Among Mothers

Parents of children from impoverished communities are disproportionately more likely to engage in harsh physical discipline, which can lead to serious clinical outcomes, including suicidal ideation and attempts. One mechanism linking low resource environments and maladaptive parenting strategies is maternal delay discounting, or the tendency to value smaller, immediate rewards (such as stopping children's misbehavior via physical means) relative to larger, but delayed rewards (like improving the parent-child relationship). This study will examine the efficacy of implementing a low-cost, brief intervention targeting the reduction of maternal delay discounting to inform broader public health efforts aimed at improving adolescent mental health outcomes in traditionally underserved communities.

Harsh parenting is associated with serious and costly mental health problems among youth, including substance use, mood disorders, and suicidal ideation and behaviors. Of concern, these parenting practices are most common among families from impoverished communities; however, many behaviorally-based parenting interventions do not take into account the unique mechanisms linking environmental disadvantage to parenting approaches. While the causes of harsh parenting are complex and varied, one such mechanism may be parents' tendencies to prioritize immediate rewards (such as stopping a child's misbehavior via physical punishment like spanking and hitting) relative to larger, but delayed rewards (including improved parent-child relationship quality), known as delay discounting.

The aims of the current study are to conduct a Stage 1 parent-child dyad randomized control trial (RCT) (n = 72) examining the effectiveness of a brief, episodic future thinking (EFT) intervention in a community setting serving low-income mothers and additional implementation data. Participants will be randomized to receive either Episodic Future Thinking (EFT) or Episodic Recent Thinking (ERT) intervention arms. This case series will examine the efficacy of episodic future thinking (EFT) compared to episodic recent thinking (ERT) to target reduction of parenting-related delay discounting. Outcomes will evaluate the effect of EFT on reducing maternal delay discounting and harsh parenting and improving child clinical outcomes.

Eligibility Criteria:
Parent Inclusion Criteria:

1. A mother and or grandmother from the Flint area with a child/grandchild between the ages of 5-10 who can provide legal consent for that child
2. Self-report that they have consistent contact with the child/grandchild
3. Willing to participate in the study
4. Able to participate in written assessments and an intervention conducted in English
5. Have a working cell phone that can receive and send text messages and be willing to receive/send text messages as part of the study
6. Have a phone or device that's able to use video conferencing software if interested in virtual participation

Parent Exclusion Criteria:

1. Self-disclosed active suicidality/homicidality
2. Self-disclosed current bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, or psychosis
3. Self-reported current and ongoing involvement with child protective services

Child Inclusion Criteria:

1. Children must be between the ages of 5-10 and have a mother/grandmother willing to provide consent for their participation
2. Willing to participate in parent-child observation sessions
3. Elementary proficiency in English
4. Willing to participate in study surveys

Child Exclusion criteria:

1. Self-disclosed active suicidality/homicidality
2. Self-disclosed current bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, or psychosis