A Dose Escalation Phase 1 Study Evaluating the Safety and Pharmacokinetics of an Inhaled COVID-19 Inhibitor Delcetravir in Healthy Subjects

This study will be a single center, Phase I, randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled, single and multiple ascending dose (SAD/MAD) study evaluating the safety, tolerability, and PK of Delcetravir after administration via oral inhalation in healthy subjects.

Primary objectives:

* To evaluate the safety and tolerability of single and multiple doses of Delcetravir in healthy subjects (18-50 years of age).
* To evaluate the safety and tolerability of single and multiple doses of Delcetravir in healthy subjects (50-80 years of age).
* To evaluate the pharmacokinetics (PK) of Delcetravir after single and multiple doses of ESFAM289 in healthy subjects (18-50 years of age).
* To evaluate the PK of Delcetravir after single and multiple doses of Delcetravir in healthy subjects (50-80 years of age)

Secondary objectives:

* To compare the PK of Delcetravir after single and multiple doses of Delcetravir in age stratified subjects (18-50 vs. 50-80 years of age).
* To compare the safety and tolerability after single and multiple doses of Delcetravir in age stratified subjects (18-50 vs. 50-80 years of age).

Eligibility Criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

Subjects must meet all of the following criteria to be included in the study:

1. Male or female, non-smokers or casual smokers (defined as smoking the equivalent of less than an average of 5 cigarettes per week, and willing to abstain from smoking during involvement in the study), ≥18 and \<50 (For Parts A and B) or ≥50 and ≤80 (for Parts C and D) years of age, with BMI \>18.0 and \<32.0 kg/m2 and body weight ≥50.0 kg for males and ≥45.0 kg for females.
2. Healthy as defined by:

   1. the absence of clinically significant illness and surgery within 4 weeks prior to dosing.
   2. the absence of clinically significant history of neurological, endocrine, cardiovascular, respiratory, hematological, immunological, psychiatric, gastrointestinal, renal, hepatic, and metabolic disease.
3. Females of childbearing potential who are sexually active with a male partner must be willing to use one of the following acceptable contraceptive methods throughout the study and for 30 days after the last study drug administration:

   1. Simultaneous use of intra-uterine device placed at least 4 weeks prior to study drug administration, and condom for the male partner;
   2. Simultaneous use of hormonal contraceptives started at least 4 weeks prior to study drug administration and condom for the male partner.
   3. Sterile male partner (vasectomized since at least 6 months).
4. Females of non-childbearing potential must be:

   1. Post-menopausal (defined as absence of menses for at least 12 months prior to the first study drug administration) with confirmation of the post menopausal status by documented FSH level greater than 40 mIU/mL; or
   2. Surgically sterile (complete hysterectomy, bilateral oophorectomy, bilateral salpingectomy, or tubal ligation at least 6 months prior to the first study drug administration).
5. Male subjects who are not vasectomized for at least 6 months, and who are sexually active with a female partner of childbearing potential (childbearing potential females are defined as women that are neither post-menopausal nor surgically sterile) must be willing to use one of the following acceptable contraceptive methods from the first study drug administration until at least 90 days after the last study drug administration:

   a) Simultaneous use of a male condom and, for the female partner, hormonal contraceptives used since at least 4 weeks, or intra-uterine contraceptive device placed since at least 4 weeks;
6. Male subjects who are sexually active with a same-sex partner must be willing to use a condom until study exit.
7. Male and female subjects who practice abstinence from sexual intercourse as a usual and preferred lifestyle.
8. Male subjects must be willing not to donate sperm until 90 days following the last study drug administration.
9. Subjects with normal lung function defined as ≥80% predicted forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) at screening.
10. Capable of consent.

Exclusion criteria:

1) Any clinically significant abnormality at physical examination, clinically significant abnormal laboratory test results or positive test for HIV, hepatitis B, or hepatitis C found during medical screening.

2) Any clinically significant illness, infection, medical/surgical procedure, or trauma within 4 weeks of check-in, or planned inpatient surgery or hospitalization during the study period.

3) Any history of malignancy or neoplastic disease

1. Positive urine drug screen, urine cotinine test, or alcohol breath test at screening.
2. History of significant allergic reactions (e.g., drug reaction, anaphylactic reaction, hypersensitivity, angioedema) to any drug.
3. Positive pregnancy test at screening.
4. Clinically significant ECG abnormalities (QTc greater than 450 ms) or vital sign abnormalities (systolic blood pressure less than 90 or greater than140 mmHg, diastolic blood pressure less than 40 or greater than 90 mmHg, or heart rate less than 40 or greater than100 bpm, oxygen saturation less than 95% O2) at screening.
5. History of alcohol abuse within 1 year prior to screening or regular use of alcohol within 6 months prior to the screening visit. Regular use of alcohol is defined as greater than 14 units of alcohol per week, where 1 unit is defined as 375 mL of beer at 3.5% a/v, 100 mL of wine at 13.5% a/v, or 30 mL of spirit at 40% a/v.
6. History of drug abuse within 1 year prior to screening, recreational use of soft drugs (such as tetrahydrocannabinol \[THC\]) within 1 month prior to the screening visit, or hard drugs (amphetamines, methamphetamines, methadone, barbiturates, benzodiazepines, cocaine, opiates, methyledioxymethamphetamine \[MDMA\], and phencyclidine \[PCP\]) within 3 months prior to screening.
7. Participation in a clinical research study involving the administration of an investigational or marketed drug or device within 30 days prior to the first dosing, administration of a biological product in the context of a clinical research study within 90 days prior to the first dosing, or concomitant participation in an investigational study involving no drug or device administration.
8. Use of medications for the timeframes specified below, with the exception of medications exempted by the Investigator on a case-by-case basis because they are judged unlikely to affect the PK profile of the study drug or subject safety (e.g., topical drug products without significant systemic absorption):

   1. Prescription medications (except for hormonal contraceptives) within 14 days prior to the first dosing;
   2. Over-the-counter products and natural health products (including herbal remedies, such as St. John's wort, homeopathic and traditional medicines, probiotics, food supplements such as vitamins, minerals, amino acids, essential fatty acids, and protein supplements used in sports) within 7 days prior to the first dosing, with the exception of the occasional use of acetaminophen/paracetamol (up to 2 g/day), ibuprofen (up to 800 mg/day), and topical formulations without significant systemic absorption;
   3. Depot injection or implant (except for hormonal contraceptives) of any drug within 3 months prior to the first dosing.
9. Donation of plasma within 7 days prior to dosing. Donation or loss of blood (excluding volume drawn at screening) of 50 mL to 499 mL of blood within 30 days, or more than 499 mL within 56 days prior to the first dosing.
10. Breast-feeding subject.
11. History of latent or active tuberculosis, or exposure to endemic areas within 8 weeks prior to QuantiFERON®-TB testing performed at screening.
12. Positive QuantiFERON®-TB test indicating possible tuberculosis infection.
13. Immunization with a live attenuated vaccine within 1 month prior to dosing or planned vaccination during the course of the study.
14. Presence of fever (body temperature greater than 37.6 °C) e.g. a fever associated with a symptomatic viral or bacterial infection, within 2 weeks prior to the first dosing.
15. Any reason that, in the opinion of the Investigator, would prevent the subject from participating in the study.