The ONE Study nTreg Trial (ONEnTreg13)

The aim of this trial is to collect evidence of the safety of administering autologous CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ natural regulatory T cells (nTregs) to living-donor renal transplant recipients. In addition, the study will determine whether post-transplant nTregs infusion allows a tapering of conventional maintenance immunosuppression within 60 weeks after transplantation.

The ONE Study aims to explore the feasibility, safety and efficacy of regulatory cell therapies as adjunct immunosuppressive treatments in the context of living-donor renal transplantation.The clinical trial presented here (ONEnTreg13) will test autologous, polyclonally expanded CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ nTregs as a somatic cell-based medicinal product.

The objective of this study is to determine whether administration of nTregs to recipients of living-donor kidney transplants is safe and able to polarize the immunological response of the recipient away from graft rejection and towards graft acceptance, allowing a reduction in the doses of pharmacological maintenance immunosuppression.

Eligibility Criteria:
Inclusion Criteria for organ recipients:

* Chronic renal insufficiency with a GFR \< 15 ml/min, accepted by the organ transplantation conference, registered by ET (Euro Transplant) and having a positive vote from the living donor ethic commission (Lebendspendekommission) at the Berlin Medical Association.
* Willing and able to participate in The ONE Study IM and HEC Subprojects.
* Signed and dated written informed consent. For patients unable to read and/or write, oral informed consent observed by an independent witness is acceptable if the patient has fully understood oral information given by the Investigator. The witness should sign the consent form on behalf of the patient.

Exclusion Criteria for organ recipients:

* Patient has previously received any tissue or organ transplant other than the planned kidney graft.
* Known contraindication to protocol-specified treatments / medications.
* Genetically identical to the prospective organ donor at the HLA loci, the so called "full house match" (0-0-0 mismatch).
* Panel-Reactive Antibody (PRA) grade \> 40% within last 6 months before transplantation.
* Previous treatment with any desensitization procedure (with or without IVIg).
* Concomitant malignancy or history of malignancy within 5 years before study entry (excluding successfully-treated non-metastatic basal/squamous cell carcinoma of the skin).
* Evidence of significant local or systemic infection.
* CMV-negative recipient receiving a kidney from a CMV-positive donor. EBV-negative recipient receiving a kidney from an EBV-positive donor.
* HIV-positive or suffering chronic viral hepatitis.
* Significant liver disease, defined as persistently elevated AST and/or ALT levels \> 2 x ULN.
* Malignant or pre-malignant hematological conditions.
* Any uncontrolled medical condition or concurrent disease that could interfere with the study objectives.
* Any condition which, according to the Investigator, would place the subject at undue risk.
* Ongoing treatment with systemic immunosuppressive drugs at study entry.
* Participation in another clinical trial during the study or within 28 days prior to planned study entry.
* Female patients of childbearing potential with a positive pregnancy test at enrolment.
* Female patients who are breast-feeding.
* All female patients of childbearing potential unless the patient is willing to maintain a highly effective method of birth control for the duration of the study.
* Psychological, familial, sociological or geographical factors potentially hampering compliance with the study protocol and follow-up visit schedule.
* Any form of drug or alcohol abuse, psychiatric disorder, or other condition that, in the opinion of the Investigator, may invalidate communication with the Investigator and/or designated study personnel.
* Patients unable to freely give their informed consent (e.g. patients under legal guardianship).
* Patients who are committed to an institution by virtue of an order issued either by the judicial or the administrative authorities
* Known allergy/hypersensitivity to any component of the study product.