cyrilzakka/clinical-trials huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Lasers in the Treatment of Scars

The purpose of this study is to compare the 1550-nm non-ablative Fraxel laser (referred to as Fraxel Laser in this application) to the ablative 10,600-nm carbon dioxide fractional laser (referred to as CO2 Laser in this application) to determine if one is superior to the other in improving the appearance of scars over a series of three treatments. In addition, the investigators hope to identify a more cost-effective method to improve the appearance of scars caused by surgery or trauma.

This study will be accomplished through a controlled split-scar study design whereby half of the scar will be treated with the Fraxel Laser and the other half of the scar will be treated with the CO2 Laser. This study is a blinded, prospective comparative, split-scar study whereby 100 participants will be recruited, enrolled and followed for a period of 9 months. The study population will include male and female participants, age 18 and over with scars secondary to surgery or trauma on any part of the body. The study will recruit participants with light colored skin, Fitzpatrick Type I-IV, because colored skin has a significantly higher risk of keloid scarring. The scar must measure a minimum of 4 cm in length to accommodate for the split-scar treatment. The participants will undergo laser treatments on Visit 1, Visit 2 and Visit 3 and each visit will be 4 weeks apart. The participants will return for evaluation and follow-up 3 months and 6 months following the last laser treatment. At each visit, photographs will be taken using identical camera settings, lighting and participant positioning. Evaluation of the scars will be completed by the participants and by blinded dermatology physicians. Participants will use a complete visual analogue scale at each visit, the Patient and Observer Scar Assessment Scale (POSAS) and a satisfaction score.

Eligibility Criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

1. Age 18 or older.
2. Fitzpatrick skin type I-IV.
3. Scars secondary to surgery or trauma.
4. Scar length minimum 4 cm in length.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Scars less than 6 weeks old.
2. History of keloid scarring.
3. Use of isotretinoin currently or within 3 months of enrollment
4. Use of photosensitive medication currently or within 3 months of enrollment.
5. Pregnancy -
Study of Medication for Nonallergic Rhinitis (NAR) Based on Cluster Analysis

Chronic rhinitis (CR) is one of the most common nasal mucosal diseases in the world. In China, about 140 million people suffer from this disease. Chronic rhinitis can lead to severe economic and social burden, as well as the potential risk of developing other chronic diseases such as asthma and chronic sinusitis. Therefore, it is of great significance to explore the classification and treatment strategies of chronic rhinitis in order to improve the health level of Chinese people.


Eligibility Criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

* Not younger than 18 years old
* Diagnosed as idiopathic rhinitis
* Signed and volunteered for the study

Exclusion Criteria:

* Comorbid airway diseases including (but not limited to) upper airway infection, chronic rhinosinusitis, nasal polyps
* Allergic to the medicines about to study
* Having used oral glucocorticoids or antihistamine agents within 30 days of the enrollment
Sleep, Learning and Wellbeing in NUS Undergraduates: The NUS1000 Study

NUS1000 is a large scale freshman-year study of undergraduate sleep, well-being and learning patterns that has unique key features: (1) continuous objective multi-dimensional data gathered with passive sensing of sleep and stress over a semester, (2) utilisation of Learning Management System-based outcome data as a marker of study behaviour and academic achievement. The goal is to gather information that can be used to improve student sleep, mental wellbeing and performance.

The first year in university can be a challenging experience for undergraduates who must learn to cope with learning in an unfamiliar environment, form new relationships, live away from home and/or might have to manage personal finances for the first time. These academic, social, and personal demands can result in significant stress, affecting sleep, learning and mental/emotional wellbeing. Characterizing and understanding the time-course and inter-relationship of these demands and their consequences is crucial for making science-based improvements to a student's university experience. To this end, the investigators will longitudinally evaluate sleep, learning and wellbeing in \~1000 first-year students as they adapt to university life to understand how these behaviours fluctuate and interact throughout the academic term.

Eligibility Criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

* NUS first-year students with smartphones operating on Android 8.0 and up, or iOS 14.0 or later

Exclusion Criteria:

Participants will be required to :

1. Have their sleep and physical activity rhythms will be recorded via wearable sensors, while they continue daily life as usual.
2. Complete periodic questionnaires, short daily surveys and daily audio diaries on their smartphones.
3. Agree to interactions with their smartphones and as well as grades tracked. Participants who do not agree to have these measures recorded will not be eligible for the study.
Does Preoperative Sleep Quality Affect the Postoperative Emergence Delirium in Children Undergoing Strabismus Surgery

Sleep is important in maintaining the physiological function of the human body. Recently several studies have reported that preoperative sleep quality is associated with postoperative emergence delirium (ED) The ED is a common in pediatric patients undergoing general anesthesia with sevoflurane, but studies on the association of sleep quality have been rare. The investigators, therefore, aimed to investigate the relationship between postoperative delirium and pre and postoperative sleep quality in pediatric patients receiving strabismus surgery through this study

This study aimed on pediatric patients aged 4-12 years, undergoing elective strabismus surgery. Informed consent was obtained from both parents and children on the day of pre-anesthetic evaluation visit. The child and his or her parents were questioned on preoperative patient's sleep quality based on Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Surgery was performed under the same anesthesia as usual. After the operation, extubation was performed and patient was moved to post anesthesia recovery room (PACU). During the stay in PACU, one investigator measured degree of ED by Watcha and PAED (Post anesthesia emergence delirium ) scale to minimize bias. One day after the surgery, the investigator mede a phone call to the parents of the patient to obtain information for postoperative PSQI.

Eligibility Criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

* Healthy children without any underlying diseases
* 4\~12 years old
* Undergoing strabismus surgery

Exclusion Criteria:

* Any underlying diseases
* Disagree
Safety and Efficacy of Ledipasvir/Sofosbuvir Fixed-Dose Combination in Adults With Chronic HCV and HBV Coinfection

The primary objectives of this study are to determine the antiviral efficacy, safety, and tolerability of ledipasvir/sofosbuvir (LDV/SOF) fixed-dose combination (FDC) in adults with chronic genotype 1 or 2 HCV infection who are coinfected with HBV in Taiwan.


Eligibility Criteria:
Key Inclusion Criteria:

* Individuals ≥ 40 kg in weight with chronic genotype 1 or 2 HCV and HBV coinfection
* Individuals must not be taking or requiring treatment with HBV antiviral therapy at screening. For participants that are HBV treatment experienced, the most recent treatment must have been completed at least 6 months prior to Day 1.
* Cirrhosis determination by Fibroscan
* Screening laboratory values within defined thresholds
* Use of two effective contraception methods if female or male is of childbearing potential

Key Exclusion Criteria:

* Current or prior history of clinically-significant illness or any other major medical disorder that may interfere with individual's treatment, assessment or compliance with the protocol
* Pregnant or nursing female
* Infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) or hepatitis delta virus (HDV)
* Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) or other malignancy
* Current or prior history of clinical hepatic decompensation

Note: Other protocol defined Inclusion/Exclusion criteria may apply.
Relationship of Retinal and Visual Cortex Structure and Visual Acuity After Congenital Cataract Surgery

To evaluate the influence of the visual acuity after congenital surgery on the retinal and visual cortex structure.

According to the visual acuity after congenital cataract surgery, 30 patients are divided into 3 groups.SD-OCT and MRI were used to measure the parameters of the retina and the visual cortex, to compare the differences between different groups, and to analyze the relationship between the structure of the retina and the visual cortex and visual acuity.

Eligibility Criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

* age of 4-60 years
* Congenital cataract surgery is planned
* The operation was successful without any complications
* Can cooperate well with OCT and MRI examinations

Exclusion Criteria:

* Intraoperative and postoperative complications include glaucoma, retinal, corneal, or refractive medium diseases
* Behavioral, cognitive impairment
* Developmental delay
Efficacy and Safety of Eletriptan for the Treatment of Migraine in Patients Not Satisfied With Rizatriptan Therapy

To assess the efficacy and safety of eletriptan for migraine headaches in subjects who were not satisfied with rizatriptan therapy


Eligibility Criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

* Diagnosis of migraine headache according to International Headache Society criteria and migraine headaches for at least 1 year
* Eletriptan naive
* Previously treated with rizatriptan and failed to achieve a satisfactory response within the past 12 months

Exclusion Criteria:

* Non-migraine headaches on average more than 6 days per month or have less than 24 hours of freedom from headache between migraine attacks
* Migraine attacks that are atypical or chronic daily headaches
* A history of migraine with prolonged aura, familial hemiplegic migraine, basilar migraine, migrainous infarction, migraine aura without headache, migraine with acute onset aura
Short-incubation Levulan Photodynamic Therapy Versus Vehicle for Face/Scalp Actinic Keratosis (AK)

The purpose of this study is to determine if Levulan Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) is safe and effective in the treatment of actinic keratosis when applied to broad areas on the face and scalp for 1, 2 and 3 hours.


Eligibility Criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

* 6-20 Grade 1/2 AKs on the face or scalp
* a history of AK therapy within the treatment area at least twice in the two years prior to study entry

Exclusion Criteria:

* Pregnancy
* Grade 3 AKs or atypical AKs (e.g., AK \> 1 cm2 in size) within the Treatment Area
* lesions suspicious for skin cancer (skin cancer not ruled out by biopsy) or untreated skin cancers within the Treatment Area
* plans to be exposed to artificial tanning devices or excessive sunlight during the trial
* Subject is immunosuppressed
* unsuccessful outcome from previous ALA-PDT therapy
* history of cutaneous photosensitization, porphyria, hypersensitivity to porphyrins or photodermatosis
* skin pathology or condition which could interfere with the evaluation of the test product or requires the use of interfering topical or systemic therapy
* skin pathology or condition that could interfere with the evaluation of the test product or requires the use of interfering topical or systemic therapy
* any condition which would make it unsafe for the subject to participate in this research study
* currently enrolled in an investigational drug or device study
* has received an investigational drug or been treated with an investigational device within 30 days prior to the initiation of treatment
* known sensitivity to one or more of the vehicle components (ethyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, laureth 4, polyethylene glycol)
* Subject has;

  * an active herpes simplex infection OR
  * a history of 2 or more outbreaks within the past 12 months, in the Treatment Area
* use of the following topical preparations on the extremities to be treated:

  * Keratolytics including urea (greater than 5%), alpha hydroxyacids \[e.g.glycolic acid, lactic acid, etc. greater than 5%\], salicylic acid (greater than 2%) within 2 days of initiation of treatment.
  * Cryotherapy within 2 weeks of initiation of treatment
  * Retinoids, including tazarotene, adapalene, tretinoin, retinol, within 4 weeks of initiation of treatment.
  * Microdermabrasion, laser ablative treatments, ALA-PDT, chemical peels, 5-FU, diclofenac, imiquimod or other topical treatments for AK within 8 weeks of initiation of treatment.
  * Two or more ALA PDT treatments in the past 6 months
* use of systemic retinoid therapy within 6 months of initiation of treatment.
The Effect of Atorvastatin on Prevention of Postoperative Acute Kidney Injury in Patients Undergoing Aortic Surgery

Acute kidney injury(AKI) is a common and severe complication after the cardiac surgery. Postoperative AKI increases the in-hospital stay, intensive care unit(ICU) stay and postoperative mortality. Aortic surgery is the most risky surgery that causes the postoperative AKI, and the incidence of AKI after aortic surgery is about 50%.

Statin is a 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl co-enzyme A (HMG CoA) reductase inhibitors and is used primarily to lower the level of plasma cholesterol. Apart from the antilipid effect, statin has pleiotropic effects include anti-inflammation, decrease of oxidative stress, recovery of endothelial cell injury and stabilization of thrombus.

The pathology of AKI after aortic surgery include not only hypoperfusion of renal blood flow but also thromboembolism, inflammatory reaction after use of cardiopulmonary bypass(CPB) and oxidative stress. Therefore, the incidence of AKI after aortic surgery can be expected to decrease after the perioperative use of statin because of the pleiotropic effects of it. The aim of this study is to examine the association between preoperative statin treatment and the incidence of postoperative acute kidney injury(AKI) in patients undergoing aortic surgery


Eligibility Criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

1. the patients undergoing aortic surgery
2. the age: 20\~80 yrs

Exclusion Criteria:

1. taking the statin before the admission
2. having preoperative severe renal dysfunction (eGFR \< 15 ml/min per 1.73 m2)
3. past history of liver disease OR serum AST/ALT increase \> 2-fold from upper normal limit
4. past history of myopathy, myasthenia gravis, rhabdomyolysis OR increased creatinine kinase
5. drug or alcohol abuser
6. hypothyroidism
7. taking Macrolide, Azole antifungals, H2 antagonists, Cyclosporine, Omeprazole, Amiodarone, Fibrates and Niacin
DERM Health Economics Study

This study aims to provide an initial assessment of the potential impact DERM could have on the number of onward referrals for a face to face dermatologist review and/or biopsy from a teledermatology-based service, and to improve the understanding of the patient pathways that exist.

DERM, an Artificial Intelligence (AI)-based diagnosis support tool, has been shown to be able to accurately identify melanoma, non-melanoma skin cancers (NMSC) and other conditions from historical images of suspicious skin lesions (moles).

This study aims to establish whether the use of DERM in the patient pathway could reduce the number of unnecessary referrals to dermatologist review and/or biopsy.

Suspicious skin lesions that are due to be photographed for a dermatologist to review, will have two additional photographs taken using a commonly available smart phone camera with and without a specific lens attachment. The images will be analysed by DERM, and the results compared to the clinician's diagnosis (all lesions) and histologically-confirmed diagnosis (any lesion that is biopsied).

Eligibility Criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

* Participant is willing and able to give informed consent for participation in the study,
* Male or Female, aged 18 years or above,
* Has at least one suspicious skin lesion which is being photographed as part of Standard of Care (SoC),
* In the Investigators opinion, able and willing to comply with all study requirements.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Any other significant disease or disorder which, in the opinion of the Investigator, may either put the participants at risk because of participation in the study, or may influence the result of the study, or the participant's ability to participate in the study.
Shoulder Motion Guided Patient Diagnostic and Treatment Classification

The investigators purpose is to determine the ability of a low cost, currently available imaging technique to predict shoulder movement disorders and the location of shoulder disease based on motion analysis of subjects with known shoulder disorders.

Shoulder disorders account for the second largest number of musculoskeletal cases in the United States with a large health care burden. The current standard for diagnosis of shoulder disorders is a clinical exam, visual motion assessment and in some cases, costly magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. However, specific tissue pathologies are not always accurately identified, and often not directly linked to the magnitude of dysfunction. There is a need for categorizing or sub-grouping patients based on the underlying movement dysfunctions with which they present. Video fluoroscopy is a common clinical tool that can improve the accuracy of motion analysis. The investigators are using 2-D fluoroscopy, combined with 3-D MR imaging to measure shoulder motion. From the motion analysis we can predict areas of potential soft tissue disease, and compare these to disease locations from MR imaging. The investigators hypotheses is that our motion based predicted disease locations will be significantly associated with disease locations from MR imaging.

Eligibility Criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

* Normal subjects with normal normal shoulder movement and function will be included, age and gender matched to symptomatic subjects.
* Symptomatic subjects will be included if visual shoulder movement deviates from what might be considered normal; they are experiencing shoulder pain with movement, and clinical examination is consistent with soft tissue cumulative trauma to the soft tissues (rotator cuff disease).
* Clinical MR imaging will be used to confirm rotator cuff disease, subacromial bursitis, and/or bicipital tendinitis.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Age outside the accepted range. Contraindications to radiation exposure (pregnancy or possible pregnancy, other recent substantive radiation exposures (CT scanning, treatments involving radiation). Subjects unable to move through at least 90 degrees of shoulder motion will also be excluded.
A New Treatment Approach for Major Depressive Disorder Based Upon Targeting Monoamine Oxidase A (MAO-A)

The investigators will be looking at MAO-A density before and after seven weeks of treatment with an antidepressant and dietary supplement. MAO-A is an enzyme that breaks down brain chemicals that regulate mood. MAO-A density is elevated in patients with major depressive episodes (MDE) secondary to major depressive disorder (MDD). Many remain treatment resistant with common antidepressant treatments and we think it may be due to poor targeting of brain pathologies. We want to test if adding a dietary supplement may normalize MAO-A.

All subjects are getting the combined treatment of a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor and the dietary supplement. There are two possible selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor treatments but the dietary supplement remains the same. No subjects are receiving the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor alone and no subjects are receiving the dietary supplement alone. The dietary supplement is called n-acetylcysteine.

Eligibility Criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

* DSM-IV diagnosis of current major depressive episode and major depressive disorder
* Hamilton Depression Rating Scale score of at least 20

Exclusion Criteria:

* Comorbid axis I or II disorders
* Antidepressant use in past 6 months
* Current use of herbal remedies
* Cigarette smoking
* Drug or medication use within past 8 weeks
* History of substance abuse/neurotoxin use
* History of psychotic symptoms
* History of CNS medical illness
* Current substance use
* Test positive on pregnancy test (women)
Effect of Low-level Laser Therapy on Post-bleaching Sensitivity and Color Change

Objective: The objective of this clinical study was to evaluate low-level laser (LLL) therapy in tooth sensitivity and in effecting color change after in-officer bleaching treatment across three weeks of treatment.

Methods: Twenty-one volunteers were evaluated through the split-mouth model, so that the right and left maxillary/mandibular quadrants were randomized and allocated to one of two groups: GPLACEBO - the laser tip was positioned without the emission of light (placebo effect) + tooth bleaching with 35% hydrogen peroxide (HP); GLASER - treated with LLL + tooth bleaching with 35% HP. To assess tooth sensitivity, a modified visual analogue scale (VAS) was used after an evaporative stimulus (stimulated pain) and a daily pain questionnaire (unstimulated pain) was also applied. A spectrophotometer was used to measure the color. Three bleaching sessions were performed, with intervals of 7 days. Sensitivity results were tested using Friedman test for intra-group evaluation and Wilcoxon test for inter-group evaluation and ANOVA for color change.

Twenty-one volunteers were evaluated through the split-mouth model, so that the right and left maxillary/mandibular quadrants were randomized and allocated to one of two groups: GPLACEBO - the laser tip was positioned without the emission of light (placebo effect) + tooth bleaching with 35% hydrogen peroxide (HP); GLASER - treated with LLL + tooth bleaching with 35% HP. To assess tooth sensitivity, a modified visual analogue scale (VAS) was used after an evaporative stimulus (stimulated pain) and a daily pain questionnaire (unstimulated pain) was also applied. A spectrophotometer was used to measure the color. Three bleaching sessions were performed, with intervals of 7 days.

Eligibility Criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

* Do not have previous dental sensitivity
* The canine had to be shade A2 or darker.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Enamel hypoplasia
* Gingival recession
* Dentin exposure
* Visible cracks on buccal enamel
* Pulpitis
Smartphone Intervention for Subthreshold Depression

The study aimed to examine the feasibility, usability, user satisfaction, safety, and preliminary efficacy of a smartphone application intervention for young adults with subthreshold depression.


Eligibility Criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

* Aged 18-24 years
* Has a Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale score of ≥16
* Owns a smartphone with the iOS® operating system

Exclusion Criteria:

* Lifetime history of major depressive disorder
* Lifetime history of bipolar disorder
* Currently receiving treatment for a mental health problem from a mental health professional
* Experience of a major depressive episode in the 2 weeks prior to the study, as ascertained using the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview