Study to Assess LX201 for Prevention of Corneal Allograft Rejection or Graft Failure in Subjects Who Have Experienced One or More Rejection Episodes Following Penetrating Keratoplasty

This study will evaluate the use of LX201 to prevent future graft rejection episodes and/or graft failure in patients who have undergone corneal transplantation and who have recently experienced a rejection episode due to an immune response.

LX201 was a novel sustained-release silicone implant containing 30% cyclosporine A by weight. LX201 is intended for surgical episcleral placement in the eye.

The study was a Phase 2/3, multi-center, placebo-controlled, randomized, parallel-group, dose-ranging study of LX201 for prevention of corneal allograft rejection or graft failure in subjects who have had one or more rejection episodes following penetrating keratoplasty.

After Visit 12 (Week 52), subjects in the USA and India with the implant in the study eye were to be followed for safety at least once per year for a 2 year period or until time of implant removal. In Germany, the implant was to be removed at Week 52 with a 3-month safety follow-up period after removal.

Eligibility Criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

* Subjects who, within 6 months prior to study randomization, have experienced 1 or more corneal allograft rejection episodes following penetrating keratoplasty
* Must be on a stable medical regimen for at least 14 days at the time of randomization into the study
* Conjunctiva must be suitable for implantation with the study device

Exclusion Criteria:

* Any condition that would greatly increase the risk of non-rejection graft failure such as Stevens-Johnson syndrome, xerophthalmia or severe exposure keratitis.
* Schirmer's test ≤ 5 mm in 1 minute.
* Clinical evidence of limbal stem cell deficiency.
* History of or active herpes simplex virus keratitis or other acute corneal infection
* Subjects who have had \> 3 failed grafts in the ipsilateral eye
* Uncontrolled glaucoma as evidenced by an intraocular pressure of \> 21 mmHg while on maximal medical therapy
* Clinically suspected or confirmed ocular lymphoma
* Treatment with a systemic immunosuppressive regimen within the previous 30 days; systemic prednisone (or its equivalent) of ≤ 10 mg daily is, however, permitted.
* Any implantable corticosteroid-eluting device (e.g., Retisert™, Posurdex®, Medidur™, I-vation™ triamcinolone acetonide \[TA\] intravitreal implant)
* Subjects who periodically require high-dose systemic steroid treatment (e.g., for exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease).
* Subjects who have received treatment with a monoclonal antibody or any other biologic therapy within the previous 90 days or alemtuzumab within the previous 12 months
* History of herpes zoster or varicella infection within 6 weeks prior to enrollment, or chicken pox exposure within 21 days before enrollment
* Seropositivity for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
* Previous exposure or known contraindication to administration of cyclosporine
* Recipients of a solid organ transplant
* Currently participating in another clinical trial with an investigational agent in the 30 days prior to study participation and/or has not recovered from any reversible effects or side effects of prior investigational agent
* Currently pregnant or lactating
* Active, extraocular and/or systemic infection requiring the prolonged or chronic use of antimicrobial agents or the presence of active hepatitis A, B or C
* Current malignancy or a history of malignancy (within the previous 5 years) except non-metastatic basal or squamous cell carcinoma of the skin or carcinoma-in-situ of the cervix that has been treated successfully
* Active peptic ulcer disease
* Co-morbid conditions that require immunosuppression