Brief Interventions to Increase HPV Vaccine Acceptance in School-based Health Centers

Using health behavior theories and theories related to the effects of persuasive messages (i.e., inoculation theory), we plan to: 1. Systematically test the effects of brief persuasive message interventions on receipt of the first dose of HPV vaccine; and 2. evaluate the effects of the interventions on followup with subsequent doses of vaccine (using reminder notices with persuasive message content). One set of interventions will involve a comparison of a 1 sided message, which only emphasizes the positive aspects of a recommended behavior, with a 2 sided message, which presents negative aspects of the behavior followed by positive counterarguments. A second set of interventions will involve a test of a social compliance (foot-in-the-door technique, in which half of the parent participants will be asked to respond to a high compliance request (i.e., a request likely to generate high compliance, such as, "Do you want to protect your daughter from cancer? or for male children, "Do you want to protect your son from genital warts?"before subsequently being asked about actually having their adolescents vaccinated. The other half of the parents will not receive a high compliance request. Parents of 11-14 year old adolescents will be randomized to the two sets of interventions, resulting in a 2 X 2 design: message sidedness (1 sided; 2 sided) and social compliance request (yes; no). The specific aims of this proposal are to evaluate the 1) efficacy of 2 sided vs. 1 sided messages on rates of HPV vaccination; 2) the efficacy of a social compliance intervention on rates of HPV vaccination; and 3) potential moderators and mediators of message effect on vaccine acceptance.

The proposed study will employ a randomized, full factorial experimental design to examine the effects of brief message interventions on parents' acceptance of the first dose of HPV vaccine for their adolescents aged 11-14 years, as well as follow through with subsequent doses. Specifically, the study will employ a 2 x 2 experimental design, in which participants will be assigned randomly to one of two different message sidedness conditions (1 sided vs. 2 sided) and two social compliance conditions (high compliance request \[HCR\] vs. noHCR). The interventions will be administered by a bilingual research assistant who will read, verbatim, scripts provided to them. Computer assisted telephone interview (CATI) will be used to gather demographic and background information as well as parental health beliefs regarding preexisting worries about HPV vaccine leading to safety concerns (moderator variable) prior to administration of the interventions. After the interventions, additional health beliefs will be assessed (mediators).

1. A greater proportion of girls as compared to boys will receive a first dose of vaccine.
2. Among both girls and boys who receive a first dose of Gardasil™, no differences in completion rates will be detected.
3. The social compliance intervention to be more effective with parents of girls as compared to parents of boys. This prediction of a differential effect is based on the fact that cervical cancer will be seen as a more serious and less stigmatizing condition than genital warts.

In summary, the implementation of this protocol will allow us to systematically examine the use of two different interventions on parents of both boys and girls. Thus, parents (n=800) of 11-14 year old girls and boys will be randomized to the two sets of interventions, resulting in a 2 X 2 design: message sidedness (1-sided; 2-sided) and HCR (yes; no).

Eligibility Criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

* The parents of adolescent males and females (aged 11-14 years) who have provided written consent for their adolescent to receive health care services through the Teen Health Center, Inc, a nonprofit organization that works in collaboration with the Department of Pediatrics at the University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas and whose adolescents have not received their first dose of HPV vaccine, will be eligible to participate.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Having received one or more doses of the HPV vaccine Gardasil