Telematic Support Group in Patients With Feelings of Loneliness and Social Isolation

Loneliness can have negative consequences, both physically and psychologically. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of a telematic group intervention in reducing feelings of loneliness and social isolation, as well as improving the emotional well-being of people in home care. The sample is made up of patients aged 60 to 99 years resident in Sabadell health area who receive regular home care in the ATDOM Programme by the Primary Care Team of the Corporació Sanitària Parc Taulí, who agree to participate in the study and meet the eligibility criteria. The study includes clinical assessments, emotional well-being, social support and satisfaction with the intervention.

Loss of autonomy, cognitive impairment and fragility of health can lead to a complex social situation and isolation. Loneliness has been defined as the aversive state that accompanies the perception of a deficit in the quality or quantity of social relationships. It is relevant to conceive loneliness as a complex, diverse and plural phenomenon that requires tools for its detection, understanding and accompaniment during the intervention process. The importance of acting on unwanted loneliness is reflected in the consequences for physical and psychological health. In the long term, chronic and unwanted subjective loneliness leads to consequences such as poorer objective and subjective physical health, increased morbidity and mortality, a risk factor for the development of cognitive impairment, as well as an association with lower self-esteem and sense of identity. The present research study aims to investigate the feasibility of a telematic group intervention in reducing feelings of loneliness and social isolation, as well as improving the emotional well-being of people in home care. A pilot clinical trial with a pre-post intrasubject design will be carried out. The sample is made up of patients aged 60 to 99 years resident in the Sabadell 4B health area who receive regular home care in the ATDOM Programme by the Primary Care Team of the Corporació Sanitària Parc Taulí, who agree to participate in the study and meet the eligibility criteria. The intervention is developed through participation in a telematic support group of 7 sessions of 90 minutes distributed over 2 months, establishing a pre-post intervention evaluation. The study includes clinical assessments, emotional well-being, social support and satisfaction with the intervention. Quantitative variables will be analysed using the non-parametric Wilcoxon signed-rank test. For a more precise interpretation of the relevance of the results in each domain assessed, effect sizes will be calculated for pre-post changes, using Cohen's d. A qualitative analysis of satisfaction with the intervention will also be carried out.

Eligibility Criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

* Men or women aged 60-99 years.
* Voluntary signature of informed consent.
* Presence of feelings of loneliness and social isolation, self-reported or detected through information from third parties.
* Mobile device with internet connection and basic skills to operate it.
* Literacy: knowing how to read and write.
* People with low psychopathological complexity. The definition is established in patients with mental disorders of low complexity, at a syndromic level related to anxiety and depression. In the absence of difficulties in management, torpid evolution or clarifying clinical need.
* Motivation, attitude and ability to work in a group.
* Receptive attitude to learning new skills and sharing experiences.

Exclusion Criteria:

* People in temporary home care for less than one month (traumatisms, surgery, hospital discharges with a moderate degree of dependency, rehabilitation treatments or therapies).
* Presence of legal incapacitation, not related to a physical level. People with an inability to make decisions due to their mental or intellectual incapacity.
* Comorbidity with disorders incompatible with treatment: moderate or severe cognitive impairment, alterations in verbal communication, severe vision loss or hearing loss.