Leronlimab in Moderately Ill Patients With COVID-19 Pneumonia

Leronlimab (PRO 140) is a humanized IgG4,k monoclonal antibody (mAb) that recognizes the C-C chemokine receptor type 5 (CCR5). Disruption of the C-C chemokine ligand 5 (CCL5)-CCR5 axis via leronlimab-mediated CCR5 blockade might prevent pulmonary trafficking of pro-inflammatory leukocytes and dampen pathogenic immune activation in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).

The purpose of the study is to assess the safety and efficacy of leronlimab plus standard of care in patients hospitalized with COVID-19 pneumonia who are not requiring mechanical ventilation or extracorporeal oxygenation (ECMO).

Leronlimab (PRO 140) is a humanized IgG4,k monoclonal antibody (mAb) that recognizes the C-C chemokine receptor type 5 (CCR5). CCR5 is expressed predominantly on T cells but also found on macrophages, dendritic cells, and eosinophils to mediate chemotaxis in response to its cognate ligands that include CCL5 (RANTES), CCL3 (MIP-1α), and CCL4 (MIP-1β). These ligands are integral in the recruitment of these immune cells to inflammatory sites. The immunopathogenesis of COVID-19 likely involves the excessive influx of immune cells into the lung. Disruption of the CCL5-CCR5 axis via leronlimab-mediated CCR5 blockade might prevent pulmonary trafficking of pro-inflammatory leukocytes and dampen pathogenic immune activation in COVID-19.

The purpose of the study is to assess the safety and efficacy of leronlimab plus standard of care in patients hospitalized with COVID-19 pneumonia who are not requiring mechanical ventilation or extracorporeal oxygenation (ECMO).

This is a Phase 3, 2-arm, randomized, double blind, placebo controlled, multicenter study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of leronlimab (PRO 140) as an add on therapy to the institutional standard of care (SoC) for the management of moderately ill patients with COVID-19 pneumonia.

Patients will be randomized in a 1:1 ratio to receive up to four doses of leronlimab (PRO 140) or placebo. Leronlimab (700 mg followed by 350 mg weekly) or placebo will be administered subcutaneously over a 4-week treatment period. No treatments will be administered post-discharge.

The participant will be evaluated on each study day while hospitalized up until and including Day 28. The daily visits will capture clinical status - ordinal scale and the occurrence of adverse events. A complete follow-up assessment will be performed at Days 7, 14, 21, 28, 42 and 60 for those who are hospitalized at these specific timepoints. Follow-up visits can be conducted as telephone or video contact visits, if subject is discharged from the hospital prior to the complete follow-up visits.

Eligibility Criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

1. Male or females aged ≥ 18 years
2. Moderately ill patients with COVID-19 (defined as Ordinal Scale of 5 or 6): Hospitalized, requiring supplemental oxygen or hospitalized, on non-invasive ventilation or high flow oxygen devices
3. Evidence of pneumonia (pulmonary infiltrates) at chest radiography or computed tomography compatible with COVID-19.
4. Hospitalization for less than 72 hours, receiving standard of care treatment for COVID-19.
5. Laboratory-confirmed novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) infection as determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
6. Subject (or legally authorized representative) provides written or oral informed consent prior to initiation of any study procedures.
7. Women of childbearing potential and their partner must agree to use at least one highly effective method of contraception (e.g., hormonal contraceptives \[implants, injectables, combination oral contraceptives, transdermal patches, or contraceptive rings\], intrauterine devices, bilateral tubal occlusion, or sexual abstinence) for the duration of the study.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Subjects on invasive mechanical ventilation or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO).
2. Subjects who have a history of allergic reactions attributed to compounds of similar chemical or biologic composition to leronlimab (PRO 140) are not eligible.
3. Inability to provide informed consent (from subject or legally authorized representative) or to comply with test requirements.
4. Other medical or psychiatric condition including recent (within the past year) or active suicidal ideation/behavior or laboratory abnormality that may increase the risk associated with study participation or, in the investigator's judgment, make the participant inappropriate for the study.
5. Pregnancy or breast feeding.
6. Subject participating in another study with for an investigational treatment.
7. Suspected or known active systemic bacterial, fungal, or viral infections (with the exception of COVID-19), that may increase the risk for the study participant based on investigator judgement.
8. Participants who are immunocompromised, with known immunodeficiencies, or taking potent immunosuppressive agents (e.g., azathioprine, cyclosporine).
9. Patients with estimated discharge or transfer for other hospital in the first 72 hours of study inclusion.
10. Patients with low probability of survival in the first 48 hours of study inclusion.