Venetoclax+HMA+Aclarubicin Versus Venetoclax+HMA in Treatment-Naive Elderly Patients With AML

This research is being done to assess the therapeutic efficacy and safety of a promising regimen (Venetoclax combined with Decitabine/Azacitidine and Aclarubicin) versus Venetoclax combined with Decitabine/Azacitidine in treatment-naive elderly patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia.

This study involves the following:

Venetoclax, Decitabine/Azacitidine, Aclarubicin (investigational combination) Venetoclax and Decitabine/Azacitidine (per standard of care)

This is an open-label, multicenter, phase Ⅲ randomized clinical trial to compare the therapeutic efficacy and safety of Venetoclax combined with Decitabine/Azacitidine and Aclarubicin versus Venetoclax combined with Decitabine/Azacitidine in treatment-naive elderly patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML).

The FDA has approved the combination therapy of Venetoclax and Decitabine/Azacitidine for elderly (\> 60-year-old) patients with newly diagnosed AML not eligible for intensive chemotherapy. Venetoclax is an inhibitor of BCL-2 (B-cell lymphoma 2, a protein that initiates tumor growth, disease progression, and drug resistance), which can lead to cancer cell death.

Aclarubicin (Acla) is an anthracycline antitumor drug and is a type II topoisomerase Inhibitor that prevents topoisomerase II from binding to DNA primarily by intercalating into DNA strands, resulting in chromatin damage injury without causing DNA damage. In addition to causing chromatin damage, Acla also results in epigenetic inheritance Changes in gene transmission, DNA damage response signals, and apoptosis. Furthermore, in the cytoplasm, Acla can also exert cytotoxic effects by affecting mitochondrial respiratory function. Therefore, Acla is a highly efficient and broad-spectrum chemotherapeutic drug, which is widely used in the treatment of various hematological tumors and solid tumors. In treatment-naive elderly patients with AML, the DCAG (Decitabine-Cytarabine-Aclarubicin-GCSF) regimen can improve the prognosis according to our previous research results. Acla also has relatively mild side effects in the treatment of AML patients.

Participants will be randomly assigned to one of the different treatment groups and followed with consolidated therapy with the same regimen of 2-4 cycles. After completion of study treatment, participants are followed up every 3 months for up to 2 years.

It is expected that about 170 people will take part in this research study.

Eligibility Criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

1. Patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) diagnosed by bone marrow morphology and immunophenotyping (in line with WHO 2016 diagnostic criteria);
2. No previous anti-acute leukemia treatment (including demethylating drugs), except hydroxyurea and Leukocyte apheresis;
3. Exclude acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) at the bone marrow morphology or molecular level;
4. Age 60-80 years old;
5. Aspartate aminotransferase (ALT), alanine aminotransferase (AST), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP)≤ 3×upper limit of normal (ULN), serum bilirubin≤ 1.5×ULN; serum creatinine≤ 2.0×ULN; serum heart rate≤ 2.0×ULN;
6. LVEF determined by echocardiography≥ 50%;
7. Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status score of 0-2;
8. Obtain informed consent signed by the patient or legal representative.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Acute promyelocytic leukemia, myeloid sarcoma, accelerated phase and blast of chronic myeloid leukemia;
2. Patients with relapsed AML;
3. Allergy to any drug involved in the program;
4. Pregnant, lactating women and patients of childbearing age who are unwilling to take contraceptive measures;
5. The liver and kidney functions are obviously abnormal, exceeding the inclusion criteria;
6. Structural heart disease, such as uncontrolled or symptomatic arrhythmia, congestive heart disease, heart failure or myocardial infarction within 6 months prior to screening, resulting in clinical symptoms or abnormal cardiac function;
7. Suffering from other malignant tumors at the same time; except for the following cases: ①Have received treatment for the purpose of cure, and have no known active malignance for ≥5 years before enrollment; ② Adequately treated non-melanoma skin cancer or malignant lentigo with no signs of disease (even if less than 3 years before randomization); ③ Adequately treated carcinoma in situ with no signs of disease (even if less than 3 years before randomization);
8. AIDS patients, syphilis patients, active type Hepatitis B (HBV-DNA detectable) patients, and Hepatitis C patients;
9. Any concurrent medical condition or disease (such as active systemic infection) that may interfere with study procedures or results, or which, in the judgment of the investigator, poses a risk to participation in this study；
10. Inability to understand or comply with the research protocol;
11. Received major surgery within 4 weeks before randomization;
12. Participate in other clinical investigators at the same time one month before enrollment.