Art Museum Program for Seniors With Cognitive Disorders and Care-partners

As the population ages, there is increasing interest in developing innovative approaches to promote and sustain mental and emotional well-being. Recent studies have linked engagement with the arts with supporting cognitive functioning, promoting empathy and greater sense of life purpose. The need to develop alternative approaches to sustain emotional well-being is especially acute for the nearly 6 million older Americans who suffer from Alzheimer's disease. There is a need for quality activities that can be done virtually for homebound individuals with cognitive disorders and the individuals' family care-partners.

The investigators intend to institute a 3-session virtual art museum pilot program for seniors with cognitive disorders and care-partners using the Visual Thinking Strategies approach. The investigators hypothesize that participation in a virtual guided visual arts experience will enhance emotional well-being and self-esteem for both seniors with cognitive impairment and the seniors' care-partners.

A number of innovative programs currently exist nationally that are exploring ways to connect to connect older adults with cognitive impairment with the arts. One example is the "Meet Me at MOMA" program at the Museum of Modern Art (MOMA) in New York City, which ran a monthly program for adults with dementia and the adults' care-partners. Researchers studying this program found that participants benefited in terms of improvement in measures of well-being, including higher ratings on scales looking at self-esteem and quality of life . Additionally, other art-based interventions have shown improvements in well-being and mood for the care-partners of individuals with dementia.

One well-validated approach to engaging individuals with works of visual art is "Visual Thinking Strategies". Visual Thinking Strategies (VTS) uses a structured technique to guide viewers to engage with visual art that builds on lived experiences and does not presuppose any knowledge of art or art history. Previous work has utilized Visual Thinking Strategies in educational settings and for clinicians to promote professional identity formation. It has not been studied in clinical settings with patients or with individuals with cognitive disorders. Yet, this approach may have particular benefits for elders with cognitive impairment as it encourages the elders' engagement in the "here and now" and therefore, also provides immediate positive feedback and validation to participants. As such, Visual Thinking Strategies has the potential to contribute to emotional well-being, self-esteem, and meaning for older adults with cognitive impairment.

Subjects: The Johns Hopkins Club Memory Group consists of about 25 older adults with cognitive disorders and the older adults' family care-partners. This group meets twice monthly for social interaction and engagement and is led by senior nurse, Andrea Nelson, Registered Nurse (RN). As this will be a small pilot program, individuals with cognitive disorders and the individuals' care-partners will be individually invited to participate in the program by Andrea Nelson, RN. The investigators intend to recruit a total of 4-6 individuals with early to moderate cognitive impairment and the individuals' care-partners for this pilot program.

Consent process:

Andrea Nelson, Registered Nurse, will obtain telephone consent from both the individuals with cognitive disorder and the individuals' family care-partners. For those individuals who agree to participate, Andrea Nelson, Registered Nurse will screen for eligibility and will do a Clinical Dementia Rating Scale determination by telephone. Participants will receive a written copy of the study by mail.

Study plan:

All study dyads will participate in 3 scheduled Visual Thinking Strategies sessions via Zoom. Each session will last about an hour and will include a guided discussion of pre-selected visual art using the Visual Thinking Strategies approach. It is anticipated that two pieces of art will be shown during each session. The three sessions will be scheduled one month apart. In advance of each session, participants will be mailed the study instruments listed below along with an addressed, stamped envelope to mail the completed forms back to Andrea Nelson, Registered Nurse upon completion.

Immediately prior to the start of each Visual Thinking Strategies art session, both members of the study dyad will be asked to complete the following scales.

1. Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale- This is a 10-item self-report scale with items answered on a 4-point Likert scale from strongly agree to strongly disagree. Although originally developed for adolescents, it is considered to be a valid tool for self-esteem assessment in adults.
2. Smiley Face Mood Rating Scale- A pictorial self-report Likert scale with 5 smiley faces ranging from very unhappy to very happy Immediately following each art session, both members of the study dyad will be asked to complete another Smiley Face Mood Rating Scale.

In addition, after each art session, a feedback questionnaire will be completed by the individual with cognitive disorder and a separate feedback questionnaire will be completed by the care-partner. The feedback questionnaires will be completed anytime in the subsequent 2 days following the VTS session. The questionnaires solicit feedback about how enjoyable the art session was and what changes in emotional well-being were experienced as a result of the art session participation.

Participants will return the completed Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scales, Smiley Face Mood Rating Scales, and post-session questionnaires in an addressed, stamped envelope to Andrea Nelson, Registered Nurse.

Eligibility Criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

* Club Memory member with cognitive disorder and family care-partner. This will constitute a study dyad.
* Early to moderate cognitive impairment, as evidenced by Clinical Dementia Rating scale of 0.5-2.0. The Clinical Dementia Rating scale is a clinical rating scale used for dementia staging based on 6 domains of functioning that will be performed by Andrea Nelson, Registered Nurse, and is part of normal dementia care in the Johns Hopkins Bayview Memory and Alzheimer's Treatment Center. A rating of 0=normal, 0.5= mild cognitive impairment, 1.0=mild dementia, 2.0=moderate dementia, 3.0=severe dementia.
* Care-partner access to laptop or iPad and comfort with using Zoom technology
* Agreement by individual with cognitive disorder and care-partner to participate in all 3 Visual Thinking visual art sessions
* Agreement by individual with cognitive disorder and care-partner to participate in the study and complete questionnaires before and after each session

Exclusion Criteria:

* Non-English speaker
* Clinical Dementia Rating higher than 2.0 for individual with cognitive impairment
* Inability to use a laptop or iPad for Zoom sessions