Advanced MRI Measures of Repair in Alemtuzumab Treated Patients

There are two parts to this investigator sponsored trial (IST):

1. To perform advanced serial MRI studies on patients initiating alemtuzumab therapy.
2. To provide serum samples for the University of Southern California (USC) ICAM125 lymphocyte recovery study.

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory demyelinating disease of the Central Nervous System (CNS). There are many forms of MS; although the majority are Relapsing Remitting (RRMS) representing approximately 80% of the cases. The disease appears to be more inflammatory in RRMS as manifested by an increase in Gadolinium (Gd) enhancement on MRI and an increase in inflammatory bio-assay markers.

Alemtuzumab; a humanized monoclonal antibody that targets the CD52 molecule present on T and B lymphocytes, natural killer (NK) cells, and monocytes and macrophages; effects rapid and sustained lymphocyte depletion and is approved for the treatment of B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia in many countries under the names CAMPATH or MabCAMPATH.

There are two parts to this Investigator Sponsored Trial (IST):

1. To perform advanced serial MRI studies on patients initiating alemtuzumab therapy.
2. To provide serum samples for the University of Southern California (USC) ICAM125 lymphocyte recovery study.

Eligibility Criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

* Signed, informed consent form
* Age 18 to 50 years old (inclusive)
* Diagnosis of MS per update of McDonald criteria, and cranial MRI scan demonstrating white matter lesions attributable to MS within 10 years of screening
* Onset of MS symptoms within 15 years of screening
* Neurostatus (EDSS) score 0.0 to 5.0 (inclusive)
* 2 MS attacks (first episode or relapse) occurring in the 24 months prior to screening, with 1 attack in the 12 months prior to screening, with objective neurological signs confirmed by a physician.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Received prior therapy for MS other than corticosteroids within 28 days of screening; e.g., interferon's, IV immunoglobulin, and glatiramer acetate
* Exposure to natalizumab within 6 months of screening
* Any prior exposure to mitoxantrone, mycophenolate mofetil, azathioprine, cladribine, cyclophosphamide, cyclosporine A, methotrexate, rituximab, or any other immunosuppressive agent other than systemic corticosteroid treatment
* Has any progressive form of MS
* History of malignancy (exception for basal cell skin carcinoma)
* Previous hypersensitivity reaction to other immunoglobulin product
* Intolerance of pulsed corticosteroids, especially a history of steroid psychosis
* CD4+, CD8+, or CD19+ (i.e., absolute CD3+CD4+, CD3+CD8+, or CD19+/mm3) count \<LLN at Screening; if abnormal cell count(s) return to within normal limits, eligibility may be reassessed
* Seropositivity for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
* Significant autoimmune disease (e.g, immune cytopenias, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, other connective tissue disorders; vasculitis; inflammatory bowel disease; severe psoriasis)
* Presence of anti-thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) receptor (TSHR) antibodies
* Active infection
* Latent tuberculosis unless effective anti-tuberculosis therapy has been completed, or active tuberculosis.
* Infection with hepatitis B virus or hepatitis C virus
* Of childbearing potential with a positive serum pregnancy test
* Unwilling to agree to use a reliable and acceptable contraceptive method throughout the study period
* Major psychiatric disorder that is not adequately controlled by treatment
* Epileptic seizures that are not adequately controlled by treatment
* Major systemic disease or other illness that would, in the opinion of the Investigator, compromise patient safety or interfere with the interpretation of study results
* Medical, psychiatric, cognitive, or other conditions
* Confirmed platelet count the lower limit of normal (LLN) of the evaluating laboratory at Screening or documented at 100,000/L within the past year on a sample without clumping
* Prior history of invasive fungal infections
* Cervical high risk human papilloma virus (HPV) positivity or abnormal cervical cytology other than abnormal squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS).
* Seropositive for Trypanosoma cruzi or the Human T-lymphotropic virus type I or type II (HTLV-I/II) (testing required in endemic regions only)
* Any other illness or infection (latent or active) that, in the Investigator's opinion, could be exacerbated by alemtuzumab treatment
* Any hepatic or renal function value grade 2 or higher at Screening, with the exception of hyperbilirubinemia due to Gilbert's syndrome.