UNelson_Mandela
Ezangaphandle kwezwe
UMandela wayenombono wokuthi ubudlelwane beNingizimu Afrika namazwe angaphandle bufanele buncike nokwenziwa ngaphansi kwesisekelo sokuthi lawo mazwe ahlonipha amalungelo abantu balawo mazwe ekuhlonipheni kwamalungelo abantu, kulawo mazwe".<span class="mw-ref" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarber200489Lodge2006214_288-0" rel="dc:references"> [288]  <span class="mw-ref" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarber200489Lodge2006214_288-0" rel="dc:references"> Ngokulandela isibonelo seNingizimu Afrika, uMandela wakhuthaza ezinye izizwe ukuthi nazo ziqikelele ukuxazulula izinkinga ngezingxoxo nge-diplomacy kanye nomoya wokubuyisana.<span class="mw-ref" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESampson2011555_289-0" rel="dc:references"> [289]   <span class="mw-ref" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESampson2011555_289-0" rel="dc:references"> NgoSeptemba ka 1998, uMandela waqokwa ukuba ngunobhala-jikelele (Secretary-General) wenhlangano yezizwe ezizimele nezingathathi nhlangothi eyaziwa ngelokuthi yi-Non-Aligned Movement, kanti yabamba ikhonferense yayo yonyaka eDurban. UMandela wasebenzisa leli thuba ukugxeka inkohlakalo nomoya wobuzwe bobudlova awubizwa ngokuthi yi-"narrow, chauvinistic interests" kahulumeni wezwe lase-Israel ngoba leli lizwe lacikela phansi inqubo yokubonisana namaPalestina, lokhu okuqhubela phambili izinxushunxushu nezingxabano kwi-Israeli-Palestinian conflict kanti futhi wanceka nezwe laseNdiya kanye nePakistan ukuthi zihlale phansi zibonisane ngenxabano yase-Kashmir (Kashmir conflict), kanti kulokhu kuncenga amazwe ukuthi abonisane ngezingxoxo kunokulwa, wagxekwa kakhulu yizwe lase-Israel kanye nelase-India.<span class="mw-ref" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESampson2011559_290-0" rel="dc:references"> [290]  <span class="mw-ref" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESampson2011559_290-0" rel="dc:references"> Ngokufakelwa ugqozi ukukhula komnotho wamazwe aseMpumalanga Asia (East Asia), uMandela waqala ukwakha ubudlelwane namazwe ase-East Asia, ikakhulukazi i-Malaysia, kodwa lobu budlelwane naleli lizwe bahlakazeka ngenxa yokuqala kwezinkinga komnotho kula mazwe ngezehlakalo ezabizwa ngokuthi yi- 1997 Asian financial crisis. Wazama ukubhekana nenkinga yamazwe aseShayina amabili, ngokwaziwa ngokuthi yi-'Two China Problem' ngokuthi azame ukuxhumana nawo omabili lamazwe, okuyi-the People's Republic of China (PRC), okanti leli lizwe lalibonisa ukukhula komnotho ngezinga eliphezulu kakhulu, kanye nezwe lase-Taiwan, okwakukudala lilokhu lihwebelana nokutshala izimali kumnotho weNingizimu Afrika. Kodwa lomzamo wakhe, wacasula izwe lase- PRC, kakhulu, kangangokuthi, ngoNovemba 1996 waphoqeleka ukunqamula ubuhlobo nezwe lase-Taiwan, kwathi ngoMeyi ka 1999, wavakashela ikomkhulu lezwe laseShayina i-Beijing.<span class="mw-ref" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarber2004107.E2.80.93108_292-0" rel="dc:references"> [292]  <span class="mw-ref" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarber2004107.E2.80.93108_292-0" rel="dc:references"> UMandela wagxekwa kakhulu ngokuba nobudlelwane obusondelene noMongameli wase-Indonesia uMongameli Suharto, ngoba umbuso kaSuharto wawucindezela kakhulu amalungelo abantu bezwe lakhe. Ngisho noma wavakashela izwe lase-Indonesia, uMandela wakhuthazana naye ngasese ukuthi aphume ngencindezelo nokuthatha izwe lase-East Timor, ngenkambiso eyaziwa ngokuthi yi-occupation of East Timor.<span class="mw-ref" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarber2004104.E2.80.93105Sampson2011560_294-0" rel="dc:references"> [294]  <span class="mw-ref" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarber2004104.E2.80.93105Sampson2011560_294-0" rel="dc:references"> Kanti futhi uMandela wagxekwa kakhulu ngobudlelwane bombuso weNingizimu Afrika namazwe ase-Syria, i-Cuba kanye ne-Libya,<span class="mw-ref" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELodge2006214_295-0" rel="dc:references"> [295]   <span class="mw-ref" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELodge2006214_295-0" rel="dc:references"> kanye nokuba nobudlelwane obukhulu bokusondelana nabantu abanjengo-Fidel Castro kanye no-Muammar Gaddafi. U-Castro wavakashela kuleli laseNingizimu Afrika ngo 1998, futhi uhambo lwakhe lwaba nedumela kakhulu, kanti uMandela wabuye wahlangana no-Gadaffi eLibya ukumnikeza indlondlo ye-Order of Good Hope.<span class="mw-ref" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESampson2011562.E2.80.93563_296-0" rel="dc:references"> [296]  <span class="mw-ref" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESampson2011562.E2.80.93563_296-0" rel="dc:references"> Lapho amazwe eNtshonalanga aphesheya kanye nabezindaba, bemgxeka, uMandela wakukhahlela lokho kugxekwa kwakhe, nokusho ukuthi kusekelwe yimibono yobandlululo ngebala,<span class="mw-ref" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESampson2011564_297-0" rel="dc:references"> [297]   <span class="mw-ref" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESampson2011564_297-0" rel="dc:references"> washo nokuthi izitha zamazwe aseNtshonalanga phesheya akuzona izitha zakhe ("the enemies of countries in the West are not our enemies.")<span class="mw-ref" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELodge2006214_295-1" rel="dc:references"> [295]   <span class="mw-ref" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELodge2006214_295-1" rel="dc:references"> UMandela wayenethemba lokuthi angalekelela ukuxazulula inkinga nokungezwani okwakukhona phakathi kwamazwe ase-US neBrithani ne-Libya kanye nokwenza ukuthi abammangalelwa baseLibya bayoquliswa icala, amagama abo okwakungu-Abdelbaset al-Megrahi kanye no-Lamin Khalifah Fhimah, kanti laba bammangalelwa babebekwe izinsolongoNovemba ka 1991 zokuthi yibo ababangela ukuqhuma kwebhomu endizeni ye-Pan Am Flight 103. UMandela waphakamisa ukuthi laba bammangalelwa baseLibya kumele bayoquliswa icala kwelinye izwe elingaxhumene neLibya kanye ne-US neBrithani, kanti lokhu kwavunywa yibo bonke ababethinteka kulolu daba, futhi ecaleni lakho kwakuzosetshenziswa umthetho we- Scots law, kwasekuthi icala laqulelwa endaweni yase- at Camp Zeist e-Netherlands ngo-Epreli ka 1999, kanti futhi oyedwa kubammangalelwa watholwa enecala.<span class="mw-ref" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarber2004144Lodge2006215.E2.80.93216Sampson2011563.E2.80.93564_298-0" rel="dc:references"> [298]  <span class="mw-ref" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarber2004144Lodge2006215.E2.80.93216Sampson2011563.E2.80.93564_298-0" rel="dc:references">