UNelson_Mandela
Ingqungquthela enkulukazi eyaziwa ngelokuthi yi-Congress of the People kanye nokuquliswa icala elikhulukazi elaziwa ngokuthi yi-Treason Trial: 1955–61
Ekubhekaneni kwabo nemikhankaso, uhulumeni wasungula umthetho wesimo esibucayi, kanye nokufaka umthetho wezempi namasosha, kanti futhi wavala izinhlangano ze-ANC ne-PAC imilomo, kanti ngoMashi wabopha uMandela kanye nezinye izishukumi zomzabalazo, zagqunywa ejele izinyanga ezinhlanu ngaphandle kokubekwa amacala, kanti futhi babegqunywe ejele lesimo esingahlanzekile ejele lasePitori.<span class="mw-ref" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBenson198685.E2.80.9386Mandela1994347.E2.80.93357Meredith2010172.E2.80.93175Smith2010175Sampson2011132.E2.80.93133_106-0" rel="dc:references"> [106]  <span class="mw-ref" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBenson198685.E2.80.9386Mandela1994347.E2.80.93357Meredith2010172.E2.80.93175Smith2010175Sampson2011132.E2.80.93133_106-0" rel="dc:references"> Ukufakwa kwabo ejele, kwabangela izinkinga koMandela nabanye ababeboshiwe ngoba abakwazanga ukubonana nabammeli babo ecaleni elaziwa ngokubeka izwe kwisimo sengozi elaziwa nge-Treason Trial, ngakho-ke kwathathwa isinqumo sokuthi abammeli bakhombise ukukhononda ngokuhoxa ekubameleni kuze kufike lapho abammangalelwa bekhululwa khona ejele, uma umthetho wesimo esibucayi i-state of emergency usususiwe, okwenzeka ekupheleni kwenyanga ka-Agast ngo 1960.<span class="mw-ref" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMandela1994357.E2.80.93364Meredith2010176.2C_184Smith2010177Sampson2011134.E2.80.93135_107-0" rel="dc:references"> [107]   <span class="mw-ref" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMandela1994357.E2.80.93364Meredith2010176.2C_184Smith2010177Sampson2011134.E2.80.93135_107-0" rel="dc:references"> Ezinyangeni ezilandelayo, uMandela wasebenzisa isikhathi sakhe ukugqugquzelela ingqungqukethela enkulukazi ye-All-in African Conference endaweni eseduzane noMgungundlovu (Pietermaritzburg), eNatali, ngoMashi ka 1961, lapho khona izithunywa ezingu 1, 400 ezazilwisa ubandlululo ezahlangana khona, nokuvumelana ukuthi kwenziwe isiteleka sokuhlala emakhaya kungasetshenziwa ngomhala ka 31 Meyi, ngosuku lapho iNingizimu Afrika yamenyezelwa khona njengeriphabhuliki.<span class="mw-ref" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBenson198698Mandela1994373.E2.80.93374Meredith2010187.E2.80.93188Smith2010183.E2.80.93185Sampson2011140.E2.80.93143_108-0" rel="dc:references"> [108]   <span class="mw-ref" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBenson198698Mandela1994373.E2.80.93374Meredith2010187.E2.80.93188Smith2010183.E2.80.93185Sampson2011140.E2.80.93143_108-0" rel="dc:references"> Ngomhla ka 29 Mashi, eminyakeni eyisithupha ngemuva kokuqala kokuqulwa kwecala le-Treason Trial, amajaji akhipha isinqumo, sokuthi abukho ubufakazi obenele bokubeka labo ababequliswa icala ukuba namacala, e-"high treason", ngoba babengagqugquzelelil ukuthi kube nenqubo yobukhomanisi, kanti futhi babengagqugquzeleli ukuthi kube nerivolushini yodlame, umphumela waleli cala, lafakela uhulumeni<span class="mw-ref" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBenson198694Meer1988151Mandela1994377.E2.80.93380Meredith2010188.E2.80.93189Smith2010178Sampson2011143_109-0" rel="dc:references"> [109]   izinhloni nokuphoxeka kakhulu.<span class="mw-ref" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBenson198694Meer1988151Mandela1994377.E2.80.93380Meredith2010188.E2.80.93189Smith2010178Sampson2011143_109-0" rel="dc:references">