cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Isiyabizo sezezibhangqiwe
Iziyabizo zezezibhangqiwe ezilula zimelela ukwaziswa ngezinyanda ezilubandlu zamazinga wenzuko. Wonke amazinga kulolo nyanda lwamanani amelela ukwaziswa. Ezintandelweni zezezibhangqiwe eziningi, isiyabizo singaba namanani amabili ayiqiniso; lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi isiyabizo esimabhangqa.
Ankober (woreda)
I-Ankober yi-woreda engaphansi kwesifundazwe se Amhara, e-Itiyopiya.
ULundu
ULundu yinhlwa yevanga enophawu Rh nenani lobuchwe elingama-45.
IVictoria West, INyakatho Kapa
IVictoria West yidolobha eliseNyakatho Kapa, eNingizimu Afrika.
IKatberg
IKatberg yindawo eseMpumalanga Kapa, eNingizimu Afrika.
ImPanda
ImPanda iyinhlwa yevanga enophawu Pd nenani lobuchwe elungama-46.
Umthetho wobumsulwa
Umthetho wobumsulwa uyikhodi yokuziphatha echazwe yi- The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church).Ngokusho kwesonto, ubumsulwa busho ukuthi "ubudlelwano bezocansi bufanele kuphela phakathi kowesilisa nowesifazane abashade ngokusemthethweni nangendoda njengendoda nenkosikazi." Ngakho-ke, kudingeka ukuzibandakanya ocansini ngaphambi komshado, nokwethembeka ngokuphelele koshade naye ngesikhathi somshado. Njengengxenye yomthetho wobumsulwa, isonto lifundisa amalungu alo ukuthi agweme ukuphinga nobufebe.
Amazinga ajwayelekile
Ngaphakathi kweSonto le-LDS, ubumsulwa busho okungaphezu kokugwema ukuya ocansini.Kusho ukuhlanzeka ngokokuziphatha "emicabangweni, emazwini, nasezenzweni."Kusho nokuthi ubudlelwane bobulili buvunyelwe kuphela phakathi kwendoda nenkosikazi. Isonto lifundisa amalungu alo ukuthi "akekho, owesilisa noma owesifazane, okufanele abe nobulili ngaphambi komshado.Ngemuva komshado, ubudlelwane bezocansi buvunyelwe kuphela nabalingani bethu. "
Amalungu eSonto LDS akholelwa ukuthi ubulili phakathi kwendoda nowesifazane abashade ngokusemthethweni buqokwe ngokwaphezulu futhi bunezinhloso ezimbili: "ukwandisa, nokugcwalisa umhlaba" ( Genesis 1:28 ) njengokuyala kukaNkulunkulu ku- Adamu no-Eva, nokuqinisa isibopho phakathi kowesilisa nowesifazane ukuze "babe nyamanye" ( Mark 10:8 ).Incwadi yesonto ithi "[p] ukusondelana ngokomzimba phakathi kwendoda nomfazi kuhloselwe ukuba kube kuhle futhi kube ngcwele.Kumiselwe uNkulunkulu ekwakheni izingane nasekuvezeni uthando phakathi kwendoda nenkosikazi.Ubumnene nenhlonipho - hhayi ubugovu — kumele kuqondise ubudlelwano babo obusondelene. "
Isonto lenze imibono yalo lacaca ezincwadini eziningi nasezindabeni zakamuva ukuthi "umshado phakathi kwendoda nowesifazane umiswe nguNkulunkulu".Ngenkathi iphikisana nokuziphatha kobungqingili, isonto leluleka abaholi balo namalungu ukuthi afinyelele ngokuqonda nangenhlonipho kubantu abakhangwa yilabo bobulili obufanayo.
Ubudlelwano bezocansi buthathwa njengobufanele kuphela phakathi kowesilisa nowesifazane abashade ngokusemthethweni nangokomthetho njengendoda nenkosikazi.Noma yibuphi obunye ubudlelwano bezocansi, kubandakanya nalabo abaphakathi kobulili obufanayo, kubhekwa njengesono nokucekela phansi isikhungo somndeni esakhiwe ngokwaphezulu.Isonto ngokufanayo liqinisekisa ukuthi umshado uchazwa njengokuhlangana ngokusemthethweni nangokomthetho phakathi kwendoda nowesifazane.
Ukubaluleka
Isonto le-LDS ligcizelela kakhulu umthetho wobumsulwa.Ukuzibophezela ukuphila ngomthetho wobumsulwa kuyadingeka ukubhabhadiswa, nokunamathela kuyadingeka ukuthola imvume yasethempelini.
INcwadi kaMormoni ifundisa ukuthi izono zocansi "zinengeke kakhulu ngaphezu kwazo zonke izono ngaphandle kokuthi kube ukuchitheka kwegazi elingenacala noma ukuphika uMoya oNgcwele" ( Alma 39:5 ).Abaholi besonto nabo bakugcizelele ngokufanayo ukubaluleka kwalo.
Ukwephula umthetho wobumsulwa kungaholela emkhandlwini wobulungu besonto, kufaka phakathi imikhawulo yobulungu esemthethweni noma ukuhoxiswa kobulungu.
Emcimbini wokunikezela
Umthetho wobumsulwa ungenye yezivumelwano amalungu esonto le-LDS athembisa ngesifungo ukuwagcina ngesikhathi somcimbi wethempeli.
Themba Ndaba
UThemba Ndaba (owazalwa ngomhlaka 14 kuNhlolanja 1965) ungumlingisi nomqondisi waseNingizimu Afrika. Waziwa kakhulu ngokulingisa kumdlalo we-movie iMishini Gun Preacher nakuchungechunge iZone 14 .Njengamanje ulingisa njengoBrutus Khoza emdlalweni owuchungechunge waseNingizimu Afrika iFerguson Films <i id="mwDg">iThe Queen</i>.
Berehet
IBerehet yi-woreda engaphansi kwesifundazwe se Amhara, e-Itiyopiya.
Umthetho wobumsulwa
Kufaka ukweqa okubanzi
Imisebenzi ethathwa njengokuphula umthetho wobumsulwa ifaka phakathi kokubili ukuphinga nobufebe kanye nokuziphatha okubanzi.Ngenkathi esebenza njengoMongameli wesonto, uKimball wafundisa ukuthi umthetho wobumsulwa uhlanganisa "bonke ubudlelwano bezocansi ngaphandle komshado - ukupotoza, ukuhlanekezela ngokocansi, ukushaya indlwabu, nokuzibandakanya ocansini emicabangweni nasekukhulumeni komuntu.Kuhlanganiswe zonke izono ezifihliwe nezisithekile nayo yonke imicabango nemikhuba engcolile. "
Izisulu zokudlwengulwa, ukulala nesihlobo noma ukuhlukunyezwa ngokocansi abanacala nesono futhi abathathwa njengabaphule umthetho wobumsulwa. Kodwa-ke, bavame ukuzwa ukuthi balahlekelwe ubuhle babo, okuqinisa imizwa yehlazo nokuzizwa benecala izisulu eziningi zokudlwengulwa. Encwadini kaMormoni, ithi, "Ngokuba bheka, iningi lamadodakazi amaLamani bathathe iziboshwa; futhi [babaphuca] lokho obekuthandwa kakhulu nokuyigugu ngaphezu kwazo zonke izinto, okuwubumsulwa futhi ubuhle ".Enkulumweni yengqungquthela, uRichard G. Scott uchaze wathi, "Ohlukumezekile kumele enze konke okusemandleni akhe ukunqanda ukuhlukunyezwa.Esikhathini esiningi, isisulu simsulwa ngenxa yokukhubazeka ngokwesaba noma ngamandla noma igunya lowonile.Esikhathini esithile, noma kunjalo, iNkosi ingase ishukumise isisulu ukuba sibone izinga elithile lokuzibophezela ekuhlukunyezweni.Umholi wakho wobupristi uzosiza ukuhlola umthwalo wakho wemfanelo ukuze, uma kudingeka, kubhekwane nawo. "
Ngaphezu kwalokho, amalungu afundiswa ukugqoka ngendlela efanele, ukulawula imicabango yawo, nokugwema izithombe ezingcolile. Ukugqoka ngendlela engenasizotha akukhona ukwephula umthetho wobumsulwa, kepha "isizotha sithuthukisa ubumsulwa". lAmalungu ashadile ayalwa ukuba "athembeke koshade naye ngomcabango, ngezwi, nangokwenza.Hlala kude nezimo lapho isilingo singavela khona. "
Komono District
IKomono yisifunda esingaphansi kwesifundazwe se Lékoumou, eKhongo-Brazzaville.
Umthetho wobumsulwa
Kufaka ukweqa okubanzi
Ngokwesonto, noma ngabe ukwephula umthetho wobumsulwa kuthathwa njengesono esikhulu, owephule umthetho wobumsulwa angaphenduka futhi athole intethelelo kuNkulunkulu.
North al Gazera District
INorth al Gazera yisifunda esingaphansi kwesifundazwe se Gezira, eSudan.
Umthetho wobumsulwa
Ubungqingili
Isonto le-LDS lifundisa ukuthi imizwa yobulili nokuthi amalungu kufanele asekwe ekukhombeni ngamagama afana nongqingili, abesilisa abathandana nabesilisa nabesifazane.Amalungu anokuziphatha kwabo ngokobulili okungekhona okobulili obuhlukile angabamba iqhaza ezimisweni zethempeli futhi aqhubeke nokuma okuhle,yize, ngenxa yalokhu abavunyelwe ukuveza ubulili babo ngokuthandana nabantu bobulili obufanayo.Lezi zimfundiso zishiya amalungu abhekane nobungqingili enethuba lokungena emshadweni wobulili obuhlukile, noma aphile impilo yokungashadi ngaphandle kwezinkulumo zocansi (kufaka phakathi ukushaya indlwabu ).: 11
Ukushaya indlwabu
Ezikhathini eziningi abaholi besonto bafundise ukuthi amalungu akufanele ashaye indlwabu njengengxenye yokulalela umthetho wobumsulwa. Izibonelo eziqavile zalokhu zihlanganisa umhlahlandlela wesonto wokuyeka ukushaya indlwabu okwenziwa ngawo-1970. Enye ingu-1990 yencwajana yemikhombandlela yentsha yesonto eyayithi "iNkosi iyakwenqabela ngokukhethekile ... ukushaya indlwabu"ngezinhlobo ezimbili ezilandelayo (kubandakanya neyamanje kakhulu) ebhekise kuyo ngezitatimende ezenqabela noma yini "evusa" noma imiphi imizwa yocansi noma imizwa "emzimbeni" wakho.UMpostoli Spencer W. Kimball, owabe esebenza njengomongameli wesonto, waxwayisa "ngokulimala okungenzeka" kanye "nobungozi" ezikhathini ezehlukene akubiza ngokuthi "yisono esibi ekhula "ngayo yonke imisebenzi".
Izithombe Zobulili Ezingcolile
Njengengxenye yokufundisa umthetho wobumsulwa, abaholi beSonto LDS bakugxekile kaningi ukusetshenziswa kwemibhalo evusa ucansi nezinto ezibonakalayo amashumi eminyaka.
Thulamela Local Municipality
Thulamela Local Municipality umasipala wase Limpopo.
Oued Ellil
I-Oued Ellil ngumasipala futhi yidolobha elikwisifundazwe se Manouba, eThuniziya.
Tororo District
ITororo yisifunda esingaphansi kwesifundazwe se Eastern, eYuganda. Isiqongo salesifunda yi-Tororo.
SHAREit
I-SHAREit ingontanga yokwabelana nokwabelana ngefayela, ukusakazwa kokuqukethwe nepulatifomu yokudlala esekela ukwabiwa okuku-inthanethi nokungaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi kwamafayela nokuqukethwe.Ivumela abasebenzisi ukufinyelela kumafomethi wefomethi emfushane kanye nemidlalo eyahlukahlukene eyenza uhlelo lokusebenza lokuzijabulisa lwe-multimedia lwabasebenzisi.Isebenza kuzingxenyekazi ezahlukahlukene ze-smartphone ezivumela abasebenzisi ukuthi babelane ngamafayela phakathi kwamadivayisi ngqo.I-SHAREit yathuthukiswa njengengxenye yeLenovo esigabeni sayo sokuqala kodwa kamuva yaxoshwa futhi yaqhutshwa ngaphansi kwenkampani yezobuchwepheshe eseSingapore eseSmart Media4U Technology Pte. Ltd.
Hugo López-Gatell Ramírez
UHugo López-Gatell Ramírez (waseMexico City, ngoFebhuwari 22, 1969) ngudokotela wobudokotela baseMexico, umcwaningi, uprofesa kanye nesikhulu sikahulumeni. Kusukela ngoDisemba 1, 2018, uyinhloko ye- Undersecretariat of Prevention and Health Promotion, eMnyangweni Wezempilo eMexico.
SHAREit
Umlando
I-SHAREit ikhishwe okokuqala ngaphansi kweLenovo ngaphambi kokuba ubunikazi bayo budluliselwe ku-Smart Media4U Technology ezinze eSingapore.Ekukhululweni kwayo kokuqala, uhlelo lokusebenza bekungumuntu osebenzisana kuphela nomgqugquzeli wokwabelana ngamafayela.I-SHAREit kamuva yethule izici zokuzijabulisa kuhlelo lokusebenza oluvumela abasebenzisi ukuthi babuke amavidiyo ngokusebenzisana nabahlinzeki bezokuzijabulisa abanjengoTimes Music .Ngo-8 Meyi 2018, i-SHAREit ithole uhlelo lokusebenza lwaseningizimu ye-India OTT i-Fastfilmz futhi yaqoka umsunguli uKaram Malhotra njengoPartner nephini likamongameli wenkampani.
IVosburg
IVosburg yidolobha eliseNyakatho Kapa, eNingizimu Afrika.
SHAREit
Umlando
Ku-2020, ngesikhathi sobhadane lwe-COVID-19, i-SHAREit yethule isigaba se-tracker nevidiyo se-COVID-19 yokulandelela ukutheleleka nokwabelana ngolwazi ngokusabalala kwegciwane.I-SHAREit ibambe iqhaza futhi ku- "Ingat Angat Bakuna Lahat", umkhankaso wemultimedia ePhilippines ohlose ukukhulisa ukuzethemba ngomuthi nokusheshisa ukuvuselelwa komnotho ePhilippines.
Imidlalo
Ngemuva kokuvuselelwa kwe-SHAREit kusuka kufayela lontanga kuya kuhlelo lokusebenza lokwabelana ngokuqukethwe, isikhungo esihlukile semidlalo sethulwe kuhlelo lokusebenza esivumela abasebenzisi ukuthi badlale imidlalo ye-HTML5 namavidiyo wokudlala.
India
Ku-2017, uMnyango Wezokuvikela waseNdiya uphakamise ukukhathazeka kwezokuphepha ngokumelene nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezidumile ezingama-42 kufaka phakathi i-SHAREit, WeChat, Mi Store, Truecaller futhi yayalela amabutho ayo ahlomile ukuthi akhiphe zonke lezi zinhlelo zokusebenza kumafoni nakumakhompyutha abo.U-SHAREit uziphikisile izinsolo ezithi uhlelo lokuhlanganiswa kwemethadatha lokuvikela ne-Google luqinisekisa ukuthi zonke izinhlelo zokusebenza ezidluliswe nge-SHAREit zihlolwa yi- Google Play futhi ziqinisekiswe i-malware ngaphambi kokuyivumela ukuthi yabelwe phakathi kwamadivayisi ngohlelo lokusebenza lwe-SHAREit.NgoJuni 2020, uhulumeni waseNdiya wamemezela ukuvinjelwa kwezinhlelo zokusebenza ezingama-59 kufaka phakathi i-SHAREit, TikTok, UC Browser, Weibo, Xender njengoba ukungezwani ku-Line of Actual Control (LAC) eLadakh kwasusa ukuqubuzana phakathi kwamabutho aseNdiya nawaseChina.
Mandera County
IMandera yisifundazwe sase Khenya.
Waterberg District Municipality
Waterberg District Municipality umasipala omkhulu waseLimpopo, eNingizimu Afrika.
Ouled Djellal
I-Ouled Djellal ngumasipala futhi yidolobha elikwisifundazwe se Biskra, e-Aljeriya.
Izithunywa zevangeli zesonto le-LDS
Izithunywa zevangeli ze-The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) —ezaziwa kabanzi ngokuthi izithunywa zevangeli ezingamaMormon — zingabamele izisebenzi zokuzithandela ze- LDS Church ezibandakanya okwahlukahlukene ukuguqula abantu, ukwenza inkonzo yesonto, ukusiza abantu, nokwenza umsebenzi womphakathi. Izithunywa zevangeli kaMomoni Angase akhonze emnyango a esigcwele noma ngezikhathi ezithile, kuye ngokuthi leso sabelo, futhi ihlelwe ngokwendawo ku ohambweni.Isabelo semishini singaba kunoma yimuphi wemishini engu- 399ehlelwe emhlabeni wonke.
Kuwo wonke umlando wesonto, kuthunyelwe izithunywa zevangeli ezingaphezu kwesigidi emishini.
Ukubaluleka kanye neziqu eziyisisekelo
Izithunywa zevangeli zingathunyelwa emakhaya ngokwephula imithetho yezimishini, futhi kwesinye isikhathi abafundisi bezenkolo bakhetha ukuya ekhaya ngenxa yezempilo noma ezinye izizathu ezahlukahlukene.Kodwa-ke, iningi lezithunywa zevangeli lisebenza iminyaka yonke (yamadoda) noma yezinyanga eziyishumi nesishiyagalombili (abesifazane).
Kusukela ngo-2007, ama-80% abo bonke abavangeli baseMormon babengamadoda amancane, angashadile, ama-13% kwakungabesifazane abasebasha abangashadile nabashadikazi asebethathe umhlalaphansi abayi-7%.Abesifazane abangathanda ukusebenzela imishini kumele bahlangabezane nezindinganiso ezifanayo zokufaneleka futhi okungenani babe neminyaka eyi-19 ubudala. Abesifazane ngokuvamile basebenza njengezithunywa zevangeli izinyanga eziyi-18. Imibhangqwana eshadile esethathe umhlalaphansi, ngakolunye uhlangothi, iyakhuthazwa ukuthi isebenze ohambweni, kepha ubude bayo bokusebenza bungahluka kusuka ezinyangeni eziyisithupha kuya kweziyi-36 kuye ngezimo zabo namandla abo. Noma yimuphi umuntu osethathe umhlalaphansi ongashadile naye angabizwa ukuba asebenze kulokho okwaziwa ngokuthi yinkonzo ephezulu yezithunywa zevangeli. Emashumini amabili edlule, iSonto LDS likhuphule ikhwelo lalo lokuba izithunywa zevangeli esezikhulile.
Amazinga okufaneleka
Zonke izithunywa zevangeli kumele zihlangabezane nezindinganiso ezithile zokufaneleka.Phakathi kwamazinga okufanele abe yisithunywa sevangeli okumele akhombise ukunamathela kuwo: ukuya njalo emihlanganweni yesonto, ukuthandaza njalo komuntu siqu, ukutadisha njalo imibhalo, ukunamathela emthethweni wobumsulwa (ubumsulwa bezocansi), ukunamathela eZwini leNhlakanipho (ikhodi yezempilo nokudla okunempilo), ukukhokha okweshumi, ukukhuthala ngokomoya kanye nobufakazi bukaNkulunkulu.
Ukuqeqesha
Izithunywa zevangeli ezisanda kubizwa ziba nesikhathi esifushane sokuqeqeshwa kwesinye sezikhungo eziyishumi ze- Missionary Training Centres (MTCs) emhlabeni wonke.I-MTC enkulu kunazo zonke itholakala eProvo, e-Utah, eduzane neBrigham Young University.Izithunywa zevangeli ezingeke zifunde ulimi ukuze zisebenze ohambweni lwazo zichitha amasonto amathathu e-MTC lapho zijwayela ukusebenzisa izinto zokuguqula abantu, zifunde indlela yokuziphatha elindelekile, futhi zifunde imibhalo engcwele.Izithunywa zevangeli eziboshelwe ukuthunywa kolimi lwakwamanye amazwe zichitha amasonto ayisithupha kuya kwayisishiyagalolunye eMTC, kuya ngolimi oluzofundwa.Ngalesi sikhathi, bayakhuthazwa ukuthi bangakhulumi ngolimi lwabo kepha bazicwilise olimini olusha.
Siyadebrina Wayu
ISiyadebrina Wayu yi-woreda engaphansi kwesifundazwe se Amhara, e-Itiyopiya.
Izithunywa zevangeli zesonto le-LDS
Incwadi Yezithunywa Zevangeli
Izindinganiso eziyisisekelo zenkonzo nokuziphatha kwezithunywa zevangeli phambilini beziqukethwe kwi- Missionary Handboo.Incwadi yangaphambilini yezithunywa zevangeli yayibizwa kaningi nangokungahlelekile ngokuthi "incwadi emhlophe" noma "ibhayibheli elimhlophe".Kusukela ngoNovemba 2019, le ncwajana ibisithathelwe indawo izincwadi ezimbili ezintsha, iMissionary Standards for Disciples of Jesus Christ kanye neMissionary Standards for Disciples of Jesus Christ: Supplemental Information.Izithunywa zevangeli ziyalelwa ukuthi ukulandela lezi zindinganiso kuzozivikela ngokwenyama nangokomoya. Omongameli bezithunywa banokuqonda kokulungisa amanye amazinga ngokwezimo zendawo. : 1
Ukugqoka nokuzilungisa
Izithunywa zevangeli zesikhathi esigcwele ze-LDS ziyadingeka ukuthi zilandele ikhodi yokugqoka.Phambilini kwabesilisa, lokhu bekubandakanya amabhulukwe adla ngoludala, amnyama namabhantshi amasudi, amahembe agqokile amhlophe, kanye nezibopho zokuzilibazisa.Kwabesifazane, kwakugqokwa izingubo ezinesizotha nezingcweti noma ama-blouses namasiketi obude obuphakathi kwethole.
Ngo-2013, iSonto le-LDS libuyekeze amazinga alo okuzilungisa.Izinsizwa bezingasadingeki ukuthi zigqoke amasudi amnyama noma isudi ephelele phakathi nemisebenzi ejwayelekile yokuguqula abantu nsuku zonke.Kodwa-ke, kufanele bahlale kwizembatho zobungcweti ezihambisana nesiko elimhlophe nothayi.Isibonelo, isudi enemibala elula iyamukeleka.Bavunyelwe futhi ukugqoka ijezi noma ivesti lesudi phezu kwehembe labo lokugqoka futhi bayakhuthazwa ukuthi bagqoke othayi abanemibala.
Mornaguia
IMornaguia ngumasipala futhi yidolobha elikwisifundazwe se Manouba, eThuniziya.
Izithunywa zevangeli zesonto le-LDS
Ukugqoka nokuzilungisa
Izithunywa zevangeli ezingodade (abesifazane) zingagqoka iziketi nezingubo ezivale amadolo abo.Abesifazane abasebasha bayakhuthazwa ukuthi bagqoke ngemibala namaphethini, futhi bangagqoka ubucwebe obufanele nezesekeli.Ngo-2018 kwamenyezelwa ukuthi izithunywa zevangeli zesifazane zingagqoka izigqoko zokugqoka uma zifuna, ngaphandle kwalapho ziya ethempelini nangesikhathi sokukhulekelwa ngeSonto, izinkonzo zokubhabhadisa, ubuholi bezemishini nezingqungquthela zamagceke. Kwezinye izindawo lamazinga aguqulwa kancane ngokuya ngokuqonda kukamongameli wezithunywa.Isibonelo, ezindaweni ezishisayo, ezinomswakama, akudingeki amajazi amasudi, futhi amahembe okugqoka angaba nemikhono emifushane.Izingubo ezivamile zingagqokwa kuphela ezimweni ezilinganiselwe, njengalapho izithunywa zevangeli zisebenza kanzima noma zivivinya umzimba.
Thabazimbi Local Municipality
Thabazimbi Local Municipality umasipala wase Limpopo.
IKei Mouth
IKei Mouth yidolobha elincane eliseMpumalanga Kapa, eNingizimu Afrika.
UmThulumbi
UmThulumbi uyinhlwa yevanga enophawu Ta nenani lobuchwe elingama-73.
Songwe Region
ISongwe yisifundazwe sase Thanzaniya. Isiqongo salesifundazwe yi-Vwawa.
Ntombikayise Priscilla Khubeka
UNtombikayise (Ntombi) uPriscilla Kubheka wayeyisishoshovu sangaphambilini sobandlululo saseNingizimu Afrika futhi eyilungu lephiko elihlomile le-ANC, uMkhonto weSizwe. Ushone eneminyaka engama-41 ngo-1987 ngemuva kokuthunjwa nokuphenywa ngemibuzo ngabezokuphepha baseNingizimu Afrika ngenxa yeqhaza lakhe lokuba ngumxhumanisi woMkhonto weSizwe (MK). Ukushona kukaKubheka kwaphikiswa kakhulu ngesikhathi kulalelwa amacala eKhomishini yamaQiniso nokuBuyisana, lapho izikhulu zamaPhoyisa aseNingizimu Afrika ekuqaleni zazithi azinacala ngokufa kwakhe. Isidumbu sakhe sakhishwa ngoMeyi 1997, ngaseKwaDukuza, siveza ukuthi uKubheka ubulawe ngamanxeba okudutshulwa.
Ukunyamalala
UKubheka ubehlala KwaMashu, ilokishi elisenyakatho neTheku. Usebenze njengomxhumanisi wamalungu e-MK angaphandle nangaphandle aqeqeshiwe aKwaMashu. Efuna ukuthola ulwazi ukufika amalungu amane MK waseSwazini, Vlakplaas amaphoyisa kuhlanganiswe imithombo zabo yaseThekwini nokuvikeleka legatsha ngesinyenyela inethiwekhi Kubheka sika. Ngaphansi kokuyalelwa nguCaptain Adriaan David Baker osebenzisana nePort Natal Security Branch, o-C1 / Vlakplaas askaris ababili, uSimon Radebe noXola Frank 'Jimmy' Mbane, banikwe umsebenzi wokuxhumana naye.Benza sengathi bangamalungu eMK, bathembisa ukumsiza amukele izishoshovu zaseSwazini.NgoMeyi 1987, uMnu Mbane wahambisa uNks Kubheka waya eBattery Beach lapho athunjwa khona yiqembu lasePort Natal.Uvalwe amehlo, waboshwa wayiswa lapho kudutshulwe khona eWinkelspruit, eningizimu yeTheku. Esalokhu evale amehlo, wabe esephekwa ngemibuzo ngabophiko lwezokuphepha ePort Natal. Leli thimba lalinoColonel Andy Taylor, uCaptain Hentie Botha, uSergeant Laurance 'Laurie' Wasserman, uSergeant Cassie van der Westhuizen, uJoe Coetzer noWarrant Officer 'Bossie' Basson.
Ubufakazi
Ngesikhathi kulalelwa ushwele okwenziwe yiKhomishini yeQiniso nokuXolelana, imininingwane ehlukile mayelana nokufa kukaKubheka yanikezwa yilabo ababandakanyeka ekufeni kwakhe. UCaptain Botha kushiwo kokuphenywa esasiqhutshwa ngesiZulu ngu uColonel Taylor, phakathi kwesikhathi lapho watshaya Nks Kubheka yonkana emuva nge ngomshiza .Ngokusho kukaCaptain Botha, lokhu bekungekhona ukushaya kanzima kodwa behlose ukudlulisa ubunzima besimo nokumncenga ukuthi asebenzisane nabo.UCaptain Botha uveze ukuthi ukuphenywa kwakhe kuthathe cishe imizuzu eyishumi nanhlanu kuya kwengamashumi amabili nokuthi uTaylor wamshaya cishe izikhathi eziyishumi kuya kweziyishumi nanhlanu nge-sjambok. Ubufakazi bukaSergeant van der Westhuizen busikisela ukuthi uphenyo lwathatha ihora lonke.Womabili la ma-akhawunti aphikiswe nguMbane obesola ukuthi ukuphenywa kwakhe kuthathe cishe amahora amabili, okuyilapho ezwa khona ukukhala kwakhe ngobuhlungu buvela ngaphandle.UBotha nabanye abafake izicelo bafakazile ukuthi, ngesikhathi kuphekwa imibuzo,uNkk Kubheka wavuma ukusebenzisana nabo kodwa wavele wabulawa yisifo senhliziyo. Bathe wambamba esifubeni wawa, wahlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo ngenxa yokuthi wayekhuluphele.
Isidumbu sikaNkz Kubheka saphonswa eduze kwemijondolo yaseBhambayi, buqamama nakubo nguSergeants Wasserman noSalman Gerhardus du Preez.UCaptain Botha uveze ukuthi umndeni wakhe ubungazi ngokushona kwakhe futhi kubonakala sengathi uyakholelwa ukuthi wayesekudingisweni. Ngemuva kwalokho kwaba namahemuhemu okuthi ushiye leliya lizwe waya eMozambique ngenxa yokunaka kweSecurity Branch.
Isidumbu
Lezi zicelo zemininingwane emayelana nokushona kukaKubheka ziphonswe inselelo enkulu ngumndeni kaKubheka. Bamele ukuthi amaphoyisa amdubule ekhanda ngaphambi kokulahla isidumbu sakhe, nokuqinisekiswe ukuthi kulandela ukugqitshwa kwesidumbu sakhe. Uphiko lwe-TRC's Investigative Unit lusaqhubeka nokukholakala ukuthi ngelikaNks Kubheka ethuneni labampofu emathuneni aseCharlottedale, KwaDukuza ngoMeyi 1997. Abafakizicelo babeke icala lokuthi isidumbu esingalungile sikhishwe. Ekuhlolweni kokuhlolwa kwesidumbu, udokotela wezifo ezithatha izifo waphetha ngokuthi izinsalela zifana nezikaNtombi Kubheka. Inhlamvu esetshenzisiwe engu-7.65mm itholakale kugebhezi, okukhombisa ukuthi udutshulwe ekhanda. Umzamo wokusebenzisa ukuhlolwa kwe-DNA kusuka kumasampula amathambo namazinyo wehlulekile njengoba lawa ayesewohlokile futhi engenakusetshenziselwa ukuthayipha i-DNA. Ugebhezi lwathunyelwa eNyuvesi yaseGlasgow, nokwenze kwakhonjwa ubuso bogebhezi. Ukuphonsela inselelo lokhu okutholakele, abafakizicelo bafuna ukuthi omunye uchwepheshe ahlole ugebhezi. Umbiko weSouth African Police Service Forensic Science Laboratory ePitoli uphinde waqinisekisa ukuthi ugebhezi lukaNtombi Kubheka. Abafakizicelo abaziphikisanga lezi ziphetho, yize beqhubeka nokuphikisana nemiphumela yophenyo.
Luthando Shosha
ULuthando Shosha, owaziwa nangokuthi uLoot Love (owazalwa ngoMashi 9, 1989) ungumethuli wezinhlelo zethelevishini waseNingizimu Afrika futhi ungumlingisi, owaziwa kakhulu ngokubamba iqhaza ohlelweni lomculo lwakwaSABC 1 ngoLwesihlanu ebusuku i-Live Amp.
Isiqalo sokuphila
ULuthando wazalwa ngoMashi 9, 1989, ePort Elizabeth, e- Eastern Cape. Ufunde e-Collegiate Girls High School. Ngemuva kokuphothula umatikuletsheni uqhubekele phambili wenza izifundo ze-Interior Design e-Design School Southern Africa (DSSA) eGoli, eGauteng.
ULuthando Shosha akakwazanga ukubhala izivivinyo zakhe zokugcina ze-DSSA ngenxa yobunzima bezezimali, wabe esebuyela ekhaya ePort Elizabeth. Wakhuthazwa ngumama wakhe ukungenela imincintiswano yonobuhle. Ugcine ngokungenela umncintiswano wonobuhle waqokelwa ukukhushulwa enkampanini yakhona ePort Elizabeth.
Umsebenzi
ULuthando Shosha waqashwa ngumuntu osebenza eKingfisher FM ukuba ayokwenzela izwi lo msakazo. Ubemenyelwe endaweni yokufundisa esiteshini esiteshini somsakazo amasonto amabili, ngasekupheleni kwesifundo uDJ esiteshini eshiye ishiya uLuthando Shosha.
Ngo-2012,uLuthando Shosha wangena emncintiswaneni wokusesha we-SABC 1 iLive Presenter awunqoba wagqashuka embonini yezokungcebeleka eNingizimu Afrika. Uqale ukubonakala kwiLive Amp ngoMeyi 18, 2012 ngaphandle komuntu ongumabonakude uBonang Matheba. Ube esedlala uhlelo lomculo olubizwa nge-Urban Music Experience olukhonjiswa kuSABC 1 njalo ngoLwesihlanu kusihlwa. Ngo-2017 waba ngumphathi we-MTVshow The Come Up, Ngawo lowo nyaka wakhethwa njengomunye wamanxusa aseNingizimu Afrika esiqhwaga esikhulu sezimonyo iRevlon ngomkhankaso wabo wokuphila ngesibindi. Ubuye futhi wasebenzisana neFootwork SA emkhankasweni wabo wasebusika ka-2017.Uthole umklomelo wesitayela esisha kunazo zonke emiklomelweni yeSitayela ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ngo-2017. Ngawo lowo nyaka wabamba ukhaphethi obomvu eLondon emiklomelweni yomculo we-MTV European. Useke wavela emaphephabhukwini amaningi akuleli afana ne-ElleSA Magazine, True Love, Bona nokunye.Uyaziwa ngomqondo wakhe wemfashini nangesitayela sesibindi.
Al Managil District
I-Al Managil yisifunda esingaphansi kwesifundazwe se Gezira, eSudan.
Bela-Bela Local Municipality
Bela-Bela Local Municipality umasipala wase Limpopo.
Lephalale Local Municipality
Lephalale Local Municipality umasipala wase Limpopo.
U-Elon Musk
U-Elon Reeve Musk FRS (/ˈiːlɒn/ EE-lon; wazalwa ngoJuni 28, 1971) ungusomabhizinisi futhi ungumtshali wemali.Ungumsunguli, i-CEO, kanye noNjiniyela Oyinhloko we-SpaceX; umtshali wezimali oyingelosi, i- CEO, kanye ne-Producte Architect ye-Tesla, Inc.; umsunguli we-The Boring Company; kanye nomsunguli we ne-Neuralink ne-OpenAI.Enenani elilinganiselwa ku-US $ 221.4 billion kusukela ngoJulayi 2022, uMusk ungumuntu ocebe kunabo bonke emhlabeni ngokusho kwe-Bloomberg Billionaires Index kanye nohlu lwe-Forbes lwezigidi eziyizinkulungwane zesikhathi sangempela.
UMusk wazalelwa abazali abamhlophe baseNingizimu Afrika ePitoli, lapho akhulela khona. Wafunda okwesikhashana e-University of Pretoria ngaphambi kokuthuthela eCanada eneminyaka engu-17, wathola ubuzwe ngomama wakhe owazalelwa eCanada. Eminyakeni emibili kamuva, wabhalisa eQueen's University futhi wadlulela e-University of Pennsylvania, lapho athola khona iziqu ze-bachelor's e-Economics and Physics.Wathuthela eCalifornia ngo-1995 ukuze aye e-Stanford University kodwa esikhundleni salokho wanquma ukuphishekela umsebenzi webhizinisi, wasungula inkampani ye-web software i-Zip2 nomfowabo uKimbal. I-startup yathengwa yi-Compaq ngama-dollar ayizigidi ezingu-307 ngo-1999.Ngonyaka ofanayo, uMusk wasungula ibhange le-inthanethi i-X.com, elihlanganiswe ne-Confinity ngo-2000 ukuze kwakhiwe i-PayPal.Le nkampani yathengwa yi-eBay ngo-2002 ngama- $ 1.5 billion.
Sironko District
ISironko yisifunda esingaphansi kwesifundazwe se Eastern, eYuganda. Isiqongo salesifunda yi-Sironko.
Menjarna Shenkora
IMenjarna Shenkora yi-woreda engaphansi kwesifundazwe se Amhara, e-Itiyopiya.
Sekhukhune District Municipality
Sekhukhune District Municipality umasipala omkhulu waseLimpopo, eNingizimu Afrika.
M'Chouneche
IM'Chouneche ngumasipala futhi yidolobha elikwisifundazwe se Biskra, e-Aljeriya.
Bambama District
IBambama yisifunda esingaphansi kwesifundazwe se Lékoumou, eKhongo-Brazzaville.
Isibhinyi
Isibhinyi kanye nobhawoti ziwuhlobo olufanayo lwesikhwaxi (fastener) imvama ezenziwe ngenkimbi nezaziwa ngokuba namazenge ansongensonge. Izibhinyi namabhawoti ngamathuluzi asetshenziswa ekukhwaxeni izinto ngokusebenzisana kwemisonto yawo kanye neminye imisonto efana nayo.
Mogalakwena Local Municipality
Mogalakwena Local Municipality umasipala wase Limpopo.
Tumi Morake
UTumi Morake (owazalwa ngomhlaka-22 Disemba 1981) usomahlaya waseNingizimu Afrika, umlingisi, umlingisi we-TV kanye nomlobi.
Ku-2018, waba ngowesifazane wokuqala wase-Afrika ukuba nesethi yakhe kwiNetflix. Uyaziwa futhi ukuthi ungowesifazane wokuqala ukuphatha amaComedy Central Presents e-Afrika.
Iminyaka yokuqala nemfundo
UMorake wazalelwa eFree State. Wathuthela eGauteng ngonyaka ka-2000 futhi lapho, wafunda iDrama eWits University.
IKeiskammahoek
IKeiskammahoek yidolobha eliseMpumalanga Kapa, eNingizimu Afrika.
South al Gazera District
ISouth al Gazera yisifunda esingaphansi kwesifundazwe se Gezira, eSudan.
Tumi Morake
Umsebenzi
Ngemuva kokuphothula izifundo zakhe zemfundo ephakeme eDUT, uMorake waqala ukusebenza e-Arepp Theatre for Life, okuyinkampani yezivakashi yemidlalo yaseshashalazini.NgoJulayi 2005, wajoyina umkhakha wamahlaya. Wayesebenza eParker Leisure Management futhi uyaziwa ngokwenza ama-stand-up gigs njalo eGoli nasePitoli. Eminye imikhosi yamahlaya aseke wayenza kuyo ihlanganisa; IHeavyweights Comedy Jam, Abamnyama Kuphela, Banenhliziyo, Just Because Comedy Festival, The Tshwane Comedy Festival, The Lifestyle SA Festival and Old Mutual Comedy Encounters.Uke wabamba imibukiso ehlanganisa; Umshado wethu Ophelele, Ikhekhe Elibomvu ne- WTFTumi (uhlelo lwakhe lwenkulumo).
Filmography
UMorake uke wadlala kumafilimu amaningi nezinhlelo ze-TV, kufaka phakathi:
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Ushade noMpho Osei Tutu, naye ongumlingisi wakuleli futhi ungumama wezingane ezintathu.
Marsabit County
IMarsabit yisifundazwe sase Khenya.
Borj El Amri
IBorj El Amri noma Bordj El Amri ngumasipala futhi yidolobha elikwisifundazwe se Manouba, eThuniziya.
Fetakgomo/Tubatse Local Municipality
Fetakgomo/Tubatse Local Municipality umasipala wase Limpopo.
Zanaga District
IZanaga yisifunda esingaphansi kwesifundazwe se Lékoumou, eKhongo-Brazzaville.
I-Eskom
I-Eskom iyinkampani yomphakathi kagesi yaseNingizimu Afrika.Yasungulwa ngo-1923 njenge-Electricity Supply Commission (ESCOM) futhi yaziwa nangegama layo lesi-Afrikaans i-Elektrisiteitsvoorsieningskommissie (EVKOM).I-Eskom imele iNingizimu Afrika e-South African Power Pool. I-utility ingumkhiqizi omkhulu kagesi e-Afrika, futhi yayiphakathi kwe-utility eziphezulu emhlabeni ngokuqondene namandla okukhiqiza nokuthengiswa, kodwa kusukela lapho iye yehla kuzo zombili izigaba.Iyinkampani enkulu kunazo zonke ezingezehulumeni zaseNingizimu Afrika.I-Eskom isebenzisa iziteshi eziningi zamandla kagesi eziphawulekayo, kufaka phakathi i-Matimba Power Station ne-Medupi Power Station eLephalale, i-Kusile Power Station eWitbank, i-Kendal Power Station, kanye ne-Koeberg Nuclear Power Station e-Western Cape Province, okuwukuphela kwesikhungo samandla enuzi e-Afrika.
Le nkampani ihlukaniswe ngezigaba ze-Generation, Transmission and Distribution, futhi ndawonye i-Eskom ikhiqiza cishe u-95% kagesi osetshenziswa eNingizimu Afrika, okwenza u- ~45% osetshenziswa e-Afrika, futhi ikhipha u-42% we-greenhouse gas yaseNingizimu Afrika.Ngokukhipha amathani ayizigidi ezingu-1.6 esibabule-dioxide emoyeni ngo-2019, i-Eskom iphinde ibe umkhiqizi omkhulu kakhulu we-sulfur dioxide embonini yamandla emhlabeni.Ngo-2019, kwamenyezelwa ukuthi i-Eskom yayizohlukaniswa ibe yizinhlangano ezintathu ezihlukile zikazwelonke ngenxa yezikweletu ezinkulu nokungathembeki kahle kokunikeza.
Engqungqutheleni Yenguquko Yesigaba Sezulu YeZizwe Ezihlangene ka-2021, kwamenyezelwa isivumelwano samazwe acebile sokusekela ngokwezimali ukuguqulwa kweNingizimu Afrika kusuka emandleni amalahle kuya emandleni avuselelekayo.Kodwa-ke, umsebenzi emkhakheni wezimayini usongela lolu shintsho.
IKhazi
IKhazi liyilungu lezinhlwa eziyiqembu lekhazi neleqembu le-10 lezinhlwa zecansi lezinhlwa. Linezihlukombe (isotope) eziyisithupha ezingokwemvelo. Liyinhlwa eyivelakancane egobohleni lomhlaba. Litholakala likanye namadwala esiNimbi nawesokhele nokunye, ikakhulu eNingizimu Afrika, ekhiqiza ama-80 ekhulwini umhlaba wonke. Ngenxa yokuba ivelakancane egobohleni lomhlaba, kukhiqizwa amathani angamakhulu ambalwa kuphela, futhi ngenxa yokusebenzisa kwalo okubalulekile, libiza kakhulu futhi liyinkimbi ethengiswayo eyigugu kakhulu.
Joseph Ngwenya
UJoseph Ngwenya (owazalwa ngoMashi 30, 1981 ePlumtree ) ungumdlali webhola lezinyawo waseZimbabwe.
Isimiso somchamo
Isimiso somchamo, esaziwa nangokuthi isimiso somchamo noma isimiso sezinso, siqukethe izinso, ama-ureter, isinye, kanye ne-urethra. Inhloso yesimiso somchamo ukukhipha imfucumfucu emzimbeni, ukulawula isilinganiso segazi nomfutho wegazi, ukulawula amazinga ama-electrolytes nama-metabolites, kanye nokulawula i-pH yegazi.Umgudu womchamo uhlelo lokukhishwa komzimba ukuze kukhishwe umchamo ekugcineni. Izinso zinomthamo wegazi omningi ngemithambo yezinso eshiya izinso ngomthambo wezinso. Inso ngayinye iqukethe ama-unit asebenzayo abizwa ngokuthi ama-nephrons.Ngemuva kokucwengwa kwegazi nokuqhubeka nokucubungula, imfucumfucu (esimweni somchamo) iphuma ezinso ngama-ureter, amapayipi enziwe ngemicu yemisipha ebushelelezi edlulisa umchamo uye emgudwini womchamo, lapho ugcinwa khona bese uphuma emzimbeni ngokuchama (ukungafaki).Isimiso somchamo sowesifazane nesoduna sifana kakhulu, sihlukile kuphela ngobude be-urethra.
Joseph Ngwenya
Ikholishi
UNgwenya wafunda eMzilikazi High School kwaBulawayo, wabaholela kwi-Zimbabwe National High School Championship ngo-1999, ngaphambi kokuthuthela eMelika ngo-2000 ukuyofunda nokudlala ibhola lasekolishi eCoastal Carolina University. Uhole i- NCAA ngokushaya amagoli ngama-21 kanye nezinsiza eziyi-14 futhi waqokwa njengeQembu Lokuqala i-All-American ngo-2003.
Ngesikhathi seminyaka yakhe yasekolishi waphinde wadlala ku- USL Premier Development League yeCape Cod Crusaders owayihola isicoco se-PDL, washaya amagoli angu-17 emidlalweni engu-13.
Ochwepheshe
UNgwenya wabhalwa okwesithathu seMLS SuperDraft yango-2004 yiLos Angeles Galaxy yeMajor League Soccer. Ngonyaka wakhe wokuqala neGalaxy, wadlala kubo bobabili phambili naphakathi nenkundla futhi waqeda unyaka ngamagoli amane emidlalweni engama-22, iningi lawo lalivela ebhentshini. Ngonyaka wakhe wesibili, wayekhathazwa ukulimala akazange athole igoli noma i-assist. UNgwenya wayebambe iqhaza ekuhwebeni kwabantu abawu-4 ngoMeyi 12, 2006, okwamthumela kuCrew, okwakuzodlalela yena imidlalo engu-20 nokushaya amagoli amahlanu ngo-2006.
Esikhathini esalandela isizini ka-2006, uNgwenya waya ecaleni eGetafe esigabeni sokuqala saseSpain, kepha wehluleka ukuthola inkontileka. Wathengiswa eHouston Dynamo ngenkathi ka-2007 u-Alejandro Moreno. UNgwenya ushaye igoli elibophela umdlalo emdlalweni wamanqamu we-MLS Cup 2007 ngo-2007 iHouston yanqoba ngo 2-1 eRFK Stadium.
Ngemuva kwesizini yeMLS ka-2007, uNgwenya ujoyine iqembu lesigaba sesibili saseGerman i-Alemannia Aachen ukuthola ithuba lokuziqeqesha nokuzama neqembu leBundesliga.
NgoJanuwari 21, 2008,uNgwenya wasayinwa yiqembu lase-Austrian Bundesliga i-SK Austria Kärnten. Ngemuva kokuthi uKärnten eqede inkontileka yakhe ehlobo ngo-2008 wathola ithuba lokuziqeqesha neqembu lokuqala leFC Bayern Munich amasonto amathathu. NgoJulayi 23, 2008, uNgwenya wavela kwi-T-Home German Supercup engekho emthethweni yeBayern Munich ibhekene neBorussia Dortmund.
Ngemuva kokuhamba cishe unyaka engenakilabhu ngo-Ephreli 6, 2010, uHouston Dynamo wamemezela ukuthi uNgwenya uzohlolwa isonto elilodwa ukuze kubhekwe ukubuyela eqenjini. IDynamo isibonile isidingo sosizo lapho ibheke phambili ngemuva kokuthi uBrian Ching elimale umsipha ngesikhathi evula ikhaya lakhe bedlala neReal Salt Lake. Wavumelana nemibandela neHouston ngo-Ephreli 12, 2010.
Uchithe isizini ka-2011 neDC United, eshaya amagoli angashayi emidlalweni engu-16.Ekupheleni kwesizini, iklabhu yenqabile inkontileka yakhe yango-2012 futhi wangena kwi-2011 MLS Re-Entry Draft .UNgwenya akazange akhethwe kulolu hlaka waba ngumuntu okhululekile.
Kwamenyezelwa ngoNovemba 5, 2013, ukuthi uNgwenya usayine inkontileka neqembu le-USL Pro iPittsburgh Riverhounds yesizini ka-2014.
Okwamanye amazwe
UNgwenya uqokwe eqenjini laseZimbabwe elizodlala imidlalo yeNdebe yoMhlaba ka-2010, waqala ukudlala neGuinea nomdlalo wakhe wokuqala wabakhaya neNamibia.
INguquko yezezibhangqiwe
Inguquko yezezibhangqiwe ( DX ) ukuphembabusha ubuchwepheshe bezezibhangqiwe okwenziwa yinhlangano ukuze ishintshele kwezezibhangqiwe imikhiqizo, izinkonzo noma imigidingo okungeyona eyezezibhangqiwe. Impokophelo yokugunundwa kwako, ukukhulisa ubugugu ngocandululo, ukuqamba, nobungcweti babathengi nokwenza ngokufanele.
UkuGuqulela kwezeziBhangqiwe inqubo yokuguqula ukwaziswa kwenzuko kube isimo sezezibhangqiwe ngokusebenzisa isiguqulanzuko, esifana nesigqayi semifanekiso noma seziqoshwa zesilalelwa sezezibhangqiwe. Njengoba ukusetshenziswa koxhakaxholo kuye kwanda kusukela ekuqaleni kweye-1990, ukusetshenziswa kokuguqulela kwezezibhangqiwe nakho kwandile. Kodwa inguquko yezezibhangqiwe, ibanzi ukwedlula ukuguqulela kwezezibhangqiwe kwezinqubo ezikhona. Inguquko yezezibhangqiwe ihilela ukucubungula ukuthi imikhiqizo, izinqubo, nezinhlangano zingashintshwa kanjani ngokusetshenziswa kwezobuchwepheshe bezezibhangqiwe ezintsha. Imbuyekezo yowezi-2019 yaphakamisa incasiselo yelithi inguquko yezezibhangqiwe ethi "inqubo ejonge ukuthuthukisa inhlangano ngokuletha ushintsho olubalulekile empahleni yayo ngokuhlanganiswa kokwaziswa, ezokucikiza, ezokuxhumana nezobuchwepheshe bokuxhumana." Inguqulo yezezibhangqiwe ingabukwa njengohlelo lobuchule-mphakathi.
Ukwamukela ubuchwepheshe bezezibhangqiwe kungaletha izibusiso esihwebini, kodwa, amanye amasiko wemishumanqa angadonsa kanzima ngenxa yezinguki ezidingwa inguquko yezezibhangqiwe.
Umbiko wezi-2015 waveza ukuthi imishumanqa ezathuthuka yezezibhangqiwe yayisebenzisa ukusingatha ngefu, izinkundla zokuxhumana, omakhalekhukhwini nezihlaziyi zemininingo, kuyilapho eminye imishumanqa yayisebenzisa ezobuchwepheshe ngazinye ezinkingeni eziqondile. Ngowezi-2017, ucwaningo olunye lwathola ukuthi zingaphansi kwama-40 ekhulwini izimboni eseziguqukele kwezezibhangqiwe (nakuba kwakwenziwa kakhulu kwezezindaba, ezehwebo, nezimboni zobuchwepheshe).
Umncwebe
Umncwebe uyisinqumela esinamachwe (noma amachembe) ahlelenjwe ngesifanelo esiwuhlaka olusimoncinci. Imincwebe yakhiwa imitshoko ngenqubo ebizwa ukuncwebeka, ewuhlobo lokuguquka kwesimo. Ngokuvamile umtshoko kuba uketshezi, Kodwa imincwebe iyakheka nangohowo. Ngokwesibonelo, iqhwa liyimincwebe yamanzi ebunjwe kusuka emoyeni oqukethe umhwamuko wamanzi (amanzi ahwamukile). Ukuncwebeka kungenzeka ngokukhazeka (freezing) komtshoko olula. Ngezinye izikhathi umchadamezo nengcindezi kuyadingeka ukuze isiqa sibumbe imincwebe. Idayimani liwumncwebe womcalahle obumbeke ngaphansi komchadamezo nengcindezi. Imincwebe iyatholakala ngokwemvelo noma ingakhandwa.
Mekhadma
IMekhadma ngumasipala futhi yidolobha elikwisifundazwe se Biskra, e-Aljeriya.
Djedeida
IDjedeida ngumasipala futhi yidolobha elikwisifundazwe se Manouba, eThuniziya.
Serere District
ISerere yisifunda esingaphansi kwesifundazwe se Eastern, eYuganda. Isiqongo salesifunda yi-Serere.
Mtwara Region
IMtwara yisifundazwe sase Thanzaniya. Isiqongo salesifundazwe yi-Mtwara.
Um Al Gura District
I-Um Al Gura yisifunda esingaphansi kwesifundazwe se Gezira, eSudan.
IKomga
IKomga yidolobha eliseMpumalanga Kapa, eNingizimu Afrika.
Kebri Dahar (woreda)
IKebri Dahar yi-woreda engaphansi kwesifundazwe se Somali, e-Itiyopiya.
Meziraa
IMeziraa ngumasipala futhi yidolobha elikwisifundazwe se Biskra, e-Aljeriya.
UNDP South Africa
I-United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) eNingizimu Afrika ingelinye lamahhovisi ayi-166 ezinhlangano zomhlaba wonke ze-United Nations Development Programme futhi lisenhlokodolobha yezwe iPitoli. Inhloso yakhona ukuthi inikeze izimpilo zabantu amandla futhi isize amazwe ukuba abe namandla futhi azinze ngokwengeziwe. Njengengxenye yemizamo ebanzi yokuthuthuka kwe-UNDP, ihhovisi lendawo libhekele ukwenziwa kweSustainable Development Goals (SDG) eNingizimu Afrika. Izindawo ezigxile eNingizimu Afrika ukunciphisa ubuphofu, ukubusa ngentando yeningi kanye nemvelo namandla. Amanye amaphrojekthi okuthuthukisa abhekisisa ezemfundo kanye nokuvimbela kanye nokwelashwa nge-HIV / AIDS.
Umlando
IRiphabhuliki yaseNingizimu Afrika yamukela ngokusemthethweni ubulungu be-UNDP ngo-1994 futhi yamukelwa esigungwini esiphezulu se-UNDP ngoJanuwari 1998. [5] INingizimu Afrika isebentisa Litiko Letangaphandle, ihlela imisebenti ye-UNDP. I-UNDP ibambe iqhaza emiklamweni eminingi eNingizimu Afrika ebhekene neminyango ehlukahlukene kahulumeni emaphakathi nasesifundazweni.
Tebourba
ITebourba ngumasipala futhi yidolobha elikwisifundazwe se Manouba, eThuniziya.
UkuQaqulula
Ukuqaqulula kuyinqubo yezibalo eyenziwe ngamabomu eguqula igalelo elilodwa noma ngaphezulu kube umphumela owodwa noma ngaphezulu noma imiphumela. Leli bizo lisetshenziswa ngemiqondo ehlukahlukene, kusuka ekwenzeni uqaqululo lwesibalo olusebenzisa umcikizo, kuya kuxazuluko (heuristics) olungacacile lokuqaqulula iqhingasu emcintiswaneni, noma ukuqaqulula ithuba lokuba khona kobudlelwane obunempumelelo phakathi kwababili.
UNDP South Africa
Imikhiqizo yolwazi
Ihhovisi lezwe likhipha imikhiqizo eminingi yolwazi ehlukaniswe phakathi kwemibiko esiza isu lokusebenzisa uhlelo lwehhovisi lezwe kanye nemibiko yocwaningo ehlose ukusiza uhulumeni ekuthuthukisweni kwenqubomgomo nasekuqalisweni kwayo.
Mayéyé District
IMayéyé yisifunda esingaphansi kwesifundazwe se Lékoumou, eKhongo-Brazzaville.
UkuQaqulula
Ngokwesibonelo, ukwandisa isikhonbisa 7 kasithupha 6 isibalo esilula soqaqululo lomcikizo. Ukuqagela intengo engachemile yezinsiza zezimali usebenzisa unongo luka-Black–no-Scholes kuwuqaqululo lomcikizo oluyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu.
UNDP South Africa
Imikhiqizo yolwazi
Imibiko yokuthuthukiswa kwenqubomgomo kahulumeni:
INkece yezezibhangqiwe
Inkece yezezibhangqiwe (ebizwa ngangokuthi imali yezezibhangqiwe, imali yenzuba noma inkece yenzuba) iyinoma iyiphi inkece, imali, noma impahla esamali ngokuyinhloko ephathekayo, egciniwe noma eyenanwa ezimisweni zesiCikizi sezezibhangqiwe, ikakhulu kuxhakaxholo. Izinhlobo zenkece yezezibhangqiwe zihlanganisa inkecesomane, inkece yendwalazo (virtual currency) kanye nenkece yezezibhangqiwe yebhangengodla. Inkece yezezibhangqiwe ingaqoshwa kungcinamininigo okungeyomshumanqa noma ibhange, ngaphakathi kwezihele zezezibhangqiwe noma ekhadini elifakwe inani.
Izinkece zezezibhangqiwe zinezakhi ezifanayo nezezinkece ezingokwesiko, kodwa imvama azinas isimo esingokoqobo senkece esemthethweni ngokomlando okwaziyo okuyiphatha ngesandla, njengezinkece zephepha elishicilelwe noma izinhlamvu ezinyathelisiwe - kodwa zinaso isimo esingokoqobo ngomqondo wanamuhla wokunanana ukusuka esicikizini kuya kwesinye isicikizi nokusuka esicikizini kuya kumuntu kanye nokwaziswa namandla wokuhidanisa weziphakeli ezigcina futhi zigcine umkhondo wemali. Lesi simo soqobo sanamuhla sivumela ukutyengiaelana okusheshayo kuxhakaxholo futhi kwehlisa kakhulu izindleko eziyamaniswa nokusabalalisa imali yephepha nezinhlamvu. Ngokuvamile, izinkece zendwalazo, ezingakhishwa uhulumeni, azithathwa njengezisemthethweni futhi zivumela ukudluliswa kobunikazi nangaphesheya kwemingcele kahulumeni.
Isinqumela
Isinqumela noma umkhumanqa ungesinye sezimo zotho ezine eziyisisekelo (ezinye nguketshezi, uhowo nonyazani). Amachembe anqumile asuke agaqene ndawonye kakhulu futhi aqukethe inani elincane lesidlakathi somdiki. Umkhamanqa waziwa ngokuba nohlaka oluqatha nokumelana nesiphoqi esithinta ubuso bawo. Ngokungafani noketshezi, into emkhamanqa ayigelezi ukuze ifane nesimo segobongo wawo, futhi awunwebeki ukuze ugcwalise umthamo wonke osele njengohowo.
INkece yezezibhangqiwe
Lolu hlobo lwenkece lingasetshenziselwa ukuthenga izingudla zoqobo nezinkonzo, kodwa lungavmbelwa emphakathini ethile efana njengokusebenza ngaphakathi komfeketho wakuxhakaxholo.
Isiolo County
I-Isiolo yisifundazwe sase Khenya.
INkece yezezibhangqiwe
Imali yezezibhangqiwe ingaba enyombonisiwe (centralised), lapho kunesikhundla esiyinhloko esilawula ukuhlinzekwa kwayo ( isb. njengebhange) noma ibe ngenyomboluliwe (decentralised), lapho ulawulo phezu kwemali lunqunywa kusengaphambili noma kuvunyelwana ngaso ngokombusowabantu noma intando yeningi.
uMlando
Ngonyaka we-1983, iphepha locwaningo elinesihloko esithi "Blind Signatures for Untraceable Payments" lika-David Chaum langenisa isu lemali yezezibhangqiwe. Ngowe-1989, wasungula i-DigiCash, umshumanqa wemali yenzuba, e-Amsterdam ukuze afake amasu wocwaningo lwakhe kwezentengiselwano. Yafaka isicelo sokuhluleka ukukhokha izikweletu ngowe-1998.
Imali yoxhakaxholo yokuqala eyasethsenziswa kabanzi, ebizwa e-gold, yangeniswa ngowe-1996, futhi yakhula yaba nabasebenzisi bayo abayisigidi ngaphambi kokuba uhulumeni waseMelika ayivale ngowe-2008. Lomshumanqa obizwa e-gold kuye kwabhekiselwa kuwo ngelithi "inkece yezezibhangqiwe" kokubili izikhulu zaseMelika nakwezemfundo ephakeme. Ngowe-1997, i-Coca-Cola yethula uhlelo lokuthenga ngokukhokha ngomakhalekhukhwini ezinguxeni zokudayisa. Ngowezi-2009, kwanyakulwa i-Bitcoin, okwaba isiqalo sezinkece zezezibhangqiwe ezinyombululiwe ezisekwe kwingqukuhlu engenaso isiphakeli esiyinhloko, nengenazo izingqangqa eziphathekayo ezigodliwe. Izinceke zezezibhangqiwe ezisekwe kwiNgqukuhlu, eziphindwe zaziwe ngokuthi inkecesomane zaveza ukuba nenkani emizamweni kahulumeni yokuzilawula, ngoba kwakungenanhlangano noma umuntu ophethe nonamandla wokuzivala.
Inkece yezezibhangqiwe ngokumelene nenkece yendwalazo
Inkece yendwalazo ichasiswa yiBhangengidla laseYurophu ngowezi-2012, ngokuthi "uhlobo lwemali yezezibhangqiwe, engalawuliwe, ekhishwa futhi ifinizwe ngabathuthukise bayo, futhi esetshenziswa futhi yamukelwe ngamalunga womphakathi wendwalazo."
Debre Berhan
IDebre Berhan yidolobha futhi yi-woreda engaphansi kwesifundazwe se Amhara, e-Itiyopiya.
Ubumba
Ubumba luyisithako segcaki elincushuziwe esakheke lapho amatshe eqhephuka. Ubumba olumanzi luntibintibi futhi lungabunjwa lube yinoma isiphi isimo sokwenza amakhamba, izitini nezinye Izinto. Lapho kubunjwe into ngalo, luyashisw emphandwini (kiln) ukuze luqine, lube umkhiqizo wdongwe.
Ubumba luvame ukuqukatha amanzi ngoba amachembe wamanzi anamathela ezinhlamvukazini ezincane.
INkecesomane
Iziqoshwa zobunikazi bomuntu ngamunye bezinhlamvu zigcinwa kwisiqophaminano sezezibhangqiwe (digital ledger), okuyisizindamininingo esicikizwe ngomchazanyandla oqatha wokuphephisa iziqoshwa zokuthengiselana, ukulawula ukukhanda kwezinhlamvu ezengeziwe, nokuqinisekisa ukudluliswa kobunikazi bezinhlamvu. Naphezu kwegama layo, izinkecesomane azithathwa njengenkece yangempela ngomqondo owamukelwe, ngaphezu kokuphathwa ngezindlela ezingafani, kuhlanganisa ukujinjwa njengezithengiswa (commodities), izintwisha (securities), nezinkece, izinkecesomane ngokuvamile zithathwa njengesigaba esihlukile sezingqangqa. Ezinye izinhlelo zezinkecesomane zisebenzisa abaqinisekisi ukuze zinakekele inkecesomane. Onongweni lobufakazi bezinhlamvu (proof-of-stake), abanikazi bafaka izinhlamvu zabo njengesibambiso. Njengembuyiselo, bathola igunya kulezo zinhlamvu ngokulingana nezinhlamvu abazifakile. Ngokuvamile, labanikazi abafaka izinhlamvu bathola ubunikazi obengeziwe kuzo, emva kwesikhathi esithile.
Pallisa District
IPallisa yisifunda esingaphansi kwesifundazwe se Eastern, eYuganda. Isiqongo salesifunda yi-Pallisa.
East al Gazera District
I-East al Gazera yisifunda esingaphansi kwesifundazwe se Gezira, eSudan.
Inkindisi
Kumchazandalo wezinhlayiyana, inkindisi iwuhlobo lwenhlayiyana eyinhlanganisela yechwe equkethe inani eliyinqaba lezinkemfe zembumbelo (okungenani ezin-3).