UNelson_Mandela
Ingqungquthela enkulukazi eyaziwa ngelokuthi yi-Congress of the People kanye nokuquliswa icala elikhulukazi elaziwa ngokuthi yi-Treason Trial: 1955–61
Ngemuva kokubalwa kwakhe umlomo kwesibili ngoSeptemba 1955, uMandela waya eholideyini wayosebenza eTranskei ukuxoxa ngemiphumela yomthetho wokugudlulela abantu abamnyama kumabantustan ngomthetho we-the Bantu Authorities Act, 1951 nabaholi bemiphakathi yakubo, kanye nokuvakashela umama wakhe uNoengland ngaphambi kokubawith adlulele e-Cape Town.<span class="mw-ref" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMandela1994253.E2.80.93274Smith2010130.E2.80.93132Sampson201196.E2.80.9399_94-0" rel="dc:references"> [94]  <span class="mw-ref" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMandela1994253.E2.80.93274Smith2010130.E2.80.93132Sampson201196.E2.80.9399_94-0" rel="dc:references"> NgoMashi ka 1956, wabuye wavalwa umlomo futhi okwesithathu, nokunqatshelwa ukuthi angakhulumi nabantu abaningi, lokhu okwakumbophezela ukuthi angaphumi endaweni yase-Johannesburg iminyaka emihlanu, kodwa waweqa lo mthetho owawumvimbela ukuthi angaphumi eJohannesburgit.<span class="mw-ref" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMandela1994275Meredith2010147Sampson2011101.E2.80.93102_95-0" rel="dc:references"> [95]   <span class="mw-ref" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMandela1994275Meredith2010147Sampson2011101.E2.80.93102_95-0" rel="dc:references"> Umendo wakhe wabhidlika, kanti u-Evelyn wamshiya uMandela, wathatha izingane zabo wahamba nazo, wayohlala nomfowabo. Lapho evula icala ledivosi, wathi uMandela ubemhlukumeza emshaya, kodwa uMandela waliphika icala lokuthi ubemhlukumeza umkakhe, kanti futhi walwela ukuthi athole izingane.<span class="mw-ref" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMeer198879.E2.80.9380Meredith2010143.E2.80.93144Smith2010100.E2.80.93102Sampson2011110_96-0" rel="dc:references"> [96]  <span class="mw-ref" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMeer198879.E2.80.9380Meredith2010143.E2.80.93144Smith2010100.E2.80.93102Sampson2011110_96-0" rel="dc:references"> U-Evelyn walihoxisa icala ngoNovemba, kodwa uMandela yena waqhubeka necala ledivosi ngoJanuwari ka 1958, idivosi yabo yaphethwa ngoMashi, kanti izingane zanikezwa u-Evelyn.<span class="mw-ref" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMeer198879.E2.80.9380Mandela1994296Smith2010102.E2.80.93104Sampson2011110_97-0" rel="dc:references"> [97]   <span class="mw-ref" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMeer198879.E2.80.9380Mandela1994296Smith2010102.E2.80.93104Sampson2011110_97-0" rel="dc:references"> Ngesikhathi bedivosa waqala ukuqomisa kanye nokufakela umoya wezepolitiki kumsebenzi wezenhlalakahle u-Winnie Madikizela, ashada naye eBizana ngoJuni 1958. Kanti kamuva uWinnie wangenela imizabalazo ye-ANC, ngemuva kwalokho waboshwa izihlandla eziningi engena ephuma ejele amavik.<span class="mw-ref" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBenson198674.E2.80.9376Meer198893Mandela1994306.E2.80.93311Meredith2010144.E2.80.93149Smith2010104.2C_132.E2.80.93145Sampson2011110.E2.80.93113_98-0" rel="dc:references"> [98]  <span class="mw-ref" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBenson198674.E2.80.9376Meer198893Mandela1994306.E2.80.93311Meredith2010144.E2.80.93149Smith2010104.2C_132.E2.80.93145Sampson2011110.E2.80.93113_98-0" rel="dc:references"> Bobabili noWinnie baba nezingane ezimbili, uZenani owazalwa ngoFebruwari ka 1959 kanye noZindziswa yena owazalwa ngoDisemba 1960.<span class="mw-ref" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMeredith2010165.2C_186_99-0" rel="dc:references"> [99]   <span class="mw-ref" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMeredith2010165.2C_186_99-0" rel="dc:references"> Ngo,Disemba ka 1956, uMandela waboshwa, eboswa namanye amalunga esigungu sikazwelonke se-ANC, wabekwa icala lokufuna ukuwisa umbuso elaziwa kakhulu ngelokuthi i-"high treason". Wafakwa ejele laseJohannesburg, kanti ngaleso sikhathi kwakunemibhikisho eminingi, kanti bakhishwa ngebheyili ngemuva kokuba behloliwe.<span class="mw-ref" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBenson198668.2C_71.E2.80.9372Meer198883Mandela1994283.E2.80.93292Meredith2010136.E2.80.93141Smith2010163.E2.80.93164Sampson2011103.E2.80.93106_101-0" rel="dc:references"> [101]  <span class="mw-ref" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBenson198668.2C_71.E2.80.9372Meer198883Mandela1994283.E2.80.93292Meredith2010136.E2.80.93141Smith2010163.E2.80.93164Sampson2011103.E2.80.93106_101-0" rel="dc:references"> Ukushushiswa nokuvikelwa kwecala kwaqala ngoJanuwari ka-1957, kanti amagqwetha abo, ayenganyelwe ngu-Vernon Berrangé, kanti ukuqulwa kwecala kwaqhubeka kwaze kwamiswa ngoSeptemba. NgoJanuwari ka 1958, u-Oswald Pirow waqokwa ukuba ngumshushisi wecala, kwathi ngoFebruwari, ijaji lanquma ukuthi kunobufakazi obenele lokuthi abamangalelwa ukuthi bayiswe eNkantolo eNkulu ye-Transvaal Supreme Court.<span class="mw-ref" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMandela1994299.E2.80.93305Meredith2010142Smith2010167.E2.80.93168Sampson2011116.E2.80.93117_102-0" rel="dc:references"> [102]  <span class="mw-ref" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMandela1994299.E2.80.93305Meredith2010142Smith2010167.E2.80.93168Sampson2011116.E2.80.93117_102-0" rel="dc:references">   Icala labo le-Treason Trial laqala ngokomthetho ePretoria ngo-Agast 1958, kanti abamangalelwa benza isicelo sokuthi amajaji amathathu asuswe esikhundleni sawo kungene amanye ngoba onke ayexhumane ne-National Party. Ngo-Agast ishaji eyodwa yasuswa, kanti ngo-Okthoba, abashushisi bahoxisa icala, balihlela kabusha, babuya ngoNovemba sebelihlele kabusha, ngokuthi abaholi be-ANC benze icala le-high treason, ngouthi bafune ukuqumba umbuso wabamhlophe phansi ngokumemezela ukuthi kusetshenziswe izikhali, kanti abamangalelwa baliphika leli cala..<span class="mw-ref" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMandela1994331.E2.80.93334Meredith2010162.2C_165Smith2010167Sampson2011122.E2.80.93123_103-0" rel="dc:references"> [103]  <span class="mw-ref" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMandela1994331.E2.80.93334Meredith2010162.2C_165Smith2010167Sampson2011122.E2.80.93123_103-0" rel="dc:references">