UNelson_Mandela
Isiqiwi se-Robben Island: 1964–82
Ekupheleni kweminyaka yoma 1960, udumo lukaMandela isikhundla salo sasesiqala ukuthathwa Steve Biko kanye nentshukumo ye-Black Consciousness Movement (BCM). Ngokubona ukuthi umsebenzi we-ANC wawungabonakali umphumela waowo, i-BCM yamemezela ukuthi kuqalwe intshukumo yezinyathelo ezishisayo, kodwa ngemuva kokuba kube novukelo lwaseSoweto, olwaziwa ngokuthi yi-Soweto uprising lwango-1976, iningi lamashanhliziyo e-BCM laboshwa, lwagqunywa ejele le-Robben Island.<span class="mw-ref" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBenson1986186.E2.80.93188Meer1988304.E2.80.93306Meredith2010324.E2.80.93327Sampson2011259.E2.80.93276_166-0" rel="dc:references"> [166]  <span class="mw-ref" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBenson1986186.E2.80.93188Meer1988304.E2.80.93306Meredith2010324.E2.80.93327Sampson2011259.E2.80.93276_166-0" rel="dc:references"> UMandela wazama ukwakha ubudlelwane na la mashanhliziyo amasha, ngisho noma wayenokubasola ngobudlamlilo babo, kanye nokuthi la mashanhliziyo ayebukela phansi izishukumi zabamhlophe ezazilwa nobandlululo.<span class="mw-ref" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMeredith2010327.E2.80.93328Sampson2011277.E2.80.93283_167-0" rel="dc:references"> [167]   <span class="mw-ref" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMeredith2010327.E2.80.93328Sampson2011277.E2.80.93283_167-0" rel="dc:references"> Ukuvuseleleka kodumo lukaMandela, kwabuye kwaqala ngoJulayi ka 1978, lapho eqeda iminyaka engama 60.<span class="mw-ref" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESampson2011296_168-0" rel="dc:references"> [168]   <span class="mw-ref" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESampson2011296_168-0" rel="dc:references"> yokuzalwa kwakhe. Wanikezwa iziqu zokubungazwa zobudokotela eLesotho, kanye nendlondlo ye-LeJawaharlal Nehru Award for International Understanding ezweni laseNdiya ngo-1979, kanti futhi wanikezwa nenkululeko yedolobha ebizwa i-Freedom of the City of Glasgow, ezweni lase-Scotland ngo 1981.<span class="mw-ref" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMeer1988313.2C_314Sampson2011315.E2.80.93316_169-0" rel="dc:references"> [169]  <span class="mw-ref" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMeer1988313.2C_314Sampson2011315.E2.80.93316_169-0" rel="dc:references"> Kwathi ngoMashi ka 1980 isiqubulo noma isilogeni sokuthi Makukhululwe uMandela se-"Free Mandela!" sasungulwa ngumbhali wezindaba u-Percy Qoboza, kanti lesi siqubulo saqala umkhankaso omkhulukazi wamazwe omhlaba, owabangela ukuthi abophiko lwezokuvikelela kwinhlangano yeZizwe ezihlangane, i-UN Security Council yenze isimemezelo sokuthi akhululwe ejele.<span class="mw-ref" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMeredith2010338.E2.80.93339Sampson2011319.E2.80.93320_170-0" rel="dc:references"> [170]  <span class="mw-ref" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMeredith2010338.E2.80.93339Sampson2011319.E2.80.93320_170-0" rel="dc:references"> Ngisho noma kwaba nengcindezi enkulu yamazwe angaphandle, uhulumeni wobandlululo wenqaba ukumkhulula, kanti futhi kulokhu, uhulumeni wobandlululo wayesekelwa yinqubo yomshoshaphansi yamazwe amakhulu eyaziwa ngelokuthi yi-Cold War kodwa uhulumeni wobandlululo wathola ukwesekelwa nguMongameli we-US uMongameli u-Ronald Reagan kanye noNdunankulu (uPrime Minister) waseBrithani u-Margaret Thatcher; bobabili laba baholi bamazwe amakhulu aphesheya, bathi inhlangano kaMandela i-ANC, yinhlangano yobuphekula zikhuni (terrorist organisation) kanti futhi izwelana nobukhomanisi, futhi laba baholi basekelwa ukuthi i-ANC iqhubeke nokucindezelwa umbuso wobandlululo.<span class="mw-ref" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarber200424Sampson2011321_171-0" rel="dc:references"> [171]   <span class="mw-ref" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarber200424Sampson2011321_171-0" rel="dc:references">