cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Gcina Mhlophe
Izixhumanisi zangaphandle
Isigaba: Ukuzalwa kuka-1959 Isigaba: Abantu Abaphilayo Isigaba: Izimbongi Zabantu Abesifazane baseNingizimu Afrika Isigaba: Ababali Bezindaba Zabesifazane Isigaba: Abadlali BamaDrama Nababhali Bokudlala baseNingizimu Afrika Isigaba : abesifazane bemidlalo kanye bemidlalo Isigaba: bekhulu lama-20 zaseNingizimu Afrika izimbongi Isigaba: abalobi abesifazane bekhulu lama-20 Isigaba: BBC 100 abesifazane Isigaba: Ningizimu Afrika abadlali Isigaba: Izishoshovu ezilwa nobandlululo
IsiThununu sezimboni
Isithununu sezimboni siwuhlelo lwesithununu olusetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza. Izithununu zezimboni ziyahlelelekwa (automated), ziyahleleliseka (programmable) futhi ziyakwazi ukuhamba ngamachopho amathathu noma amane.
Imisebenzi ewunongo yezithununu ihlanganisa ukushisela, ukubheca, ukuhlanganisa, ukuhlakahla, ukukhuphulula nokubeka eziqengqeni zomthandelo ezishicilelwe, ukugcishaza nokugqaba, ukuqhinqa, ukuhlola imikhiqizo, nokuvavanya; yonke efezwa ngokukhuthazela, ngejubane eliphezulu nobunyoninco.
Ngonyaka wezi-2000, kuqagelwa ukuthi izithununu zezimboni ezingaba isigidi esi-1.64 zazigidingiswa umhlaba wonke.
Céline Dion
Céline Marie Claudette Dion (30 ngoNdasa 1968) ungulabeleli eKhanada.
Isilinganiso
Isilinganiso siwukungakanisa ubungako bento noma isehlo, ukuze kusetshenziswe ukuqhathaniseni nezinye izinto noma izehlo. Ngamanye amazwi, isilinganiso siyinqubo yokunquma ubukhulu noma ubuncane bomgangatho obonwayo uma kuqhathaniswa nephatho eliyisiseko lomgangatho wohlobo olufanayo. Ubunjalo nokusetshenziswa kwesilinganiso kuncike komongo nomkhakha okukhulunywa ngawo. Kwezenzululwazi yemvelo nezobunjiniyela, izilinganiso azibhekiseli ezakhini ezicatshangwayo zezinto noma izehlo, okuhambisana neziqondiso zenhlangano ebhekele ízisindo nezilinganiso emhlabeni. Kodwa, kweminye imikhakha efana nezibalo kanye nezinzululwazi zomphakathi nokucondoza, izilinganiso zingaba namazinga amaningi, angahlanganisa lawo acatshangwayo, aqondile, angumgama kanye namanani okuqhathanisa.
Omboué
I-Omboué yidolobha elikwisifundazwe se Ogooué-Maritime, eGabhoni.
Isilinganiso
Isilinganiso siwumgogodla wohwebo, inzululwazi, ubuchwepheshe nocwaningo lokungakanisa kwezoqeqeshwa eziningi. Ngokomlando, ziningi izinhlelo zokulunganisa ezazikhona zemikhakha ehlukahlukene yokuphila kwabantu ukuze zilekelele ekuqhathaniseni kuleyo mikhakha. Ngokuvamile lokhu kwakufezekiswa izivumelwano zasendaweni phakathi kwabahwebelanayo. Kusuka ngekhulu le-18, izintuthukiso zaqombolela ekuhkanganiseni, izindinganiso ezamukelwe kabanzi ngokuzihlanganisa zibe isimiso semivo somhlaba ( International System of Units (SI). Lesi simiso sinciphisa zonke izilinganiso zibe inhlanganiso yomchazazibalo yemivo yesibalo isikhonbisa. Inzululwazi yokulinganisa iphishekelwa emkhakheni womchazakulingana (metrology).
Isilinganiso sichasiswa njengomdludlungu wokuqhathanisa umngakonani ongaziwa ngomngakonani owaziwayo.
Namuno District
INamuno yisifunda se Cabo Delgado, eMozambiki.
IMount Edgecombe
IMount Edgecombe yindawo eKwaZulu-Natali, eNingizimu Afrika. Lendawo isenyakatho yeTheku. Lendawo yazelwa ngokuba nezindawo eziningi zokuzijabulisa kanye nemidlalo yegalofu.
Isondo
Isondo liyisigcoyi esiyindilinga esihloselwe ukundiyaza emshizeni. Isondo liyisigcoyi esibalulekile sesondo nomshiza okuyingxenye yezinguxa ezilula eziyisithupha. Amasondo, lapho ehlangane nemishiza, avumela ukuba izinto ezinzima kube lula ukuzihambisa ngokwenza ukuthi kube khona umdiki noma intutho kuyilapho aseka umthwalo, noma enza umsebenzi ezinguxeni. Amasondo afana nesondo lomkhumbi, isondo lokuqondisa, isondo lombumbi, kanye nesondo lokundiza.
Izibonelo ezivamile zesondo zitholakala kwezokuthutha. Isondo liphunguza umshikisho ngokwenza ukunyukuza lapho liqonqoloza kanye nemishiza. Ukuze isondo lindiyaze, kudingeka kube nesiphoqi esizokwenza kube nomjijayane oqombolayo. Ngokusebenzisa isondo, abase-Sumeri baqamba isilekeleli espimpilizisa ubumba lapho umbumbi elubumba kube into ayifunayo.
Tigzirt District
ITigzirt yisifunda esingaphansi kwesifundazwe se Tizi Ouzou, e-Aljeriya.
Naledi Local Municipality, IFuleyisitata
Naledi Local Municipality kwakungumasipala wase Fuleyisitata. Ngo-2016, lomasipala wahlanganiswa nabanye omasipala kwasungulwa umasipala omusha omkhulu i-Mangaung Metropolitan Municipality.
Ukudlwengula
Ukudlwengula uhlobo ngokocansi ngokuvamile okuhilela nobuhlobo bobulili noma ezinye izinhlobo sokungena ngokocansi eyenziwa ngokumelene umuntu ngaphandle ukuthi lomuntu kwemvume.Lesi senzo singenziwa ngamandla, ukuphoqelelwa, ukusetshenziswa kabi kwegunya, noma ngokumelene nomuntu ongakwazi ukunikeza imvume evumelekile, njengalowo ongazi lutho, okhubazekile, okhubazeke ngokwengqondo, noma ongaphansi kweminyaka esemthethweni yokuvuma.Igama elithi ukudlwengula kwesinye isikhathi lisetshenziswa ngokungafani negama elithi ukuhlukunyezwa ngokocansi.
Izinga lokubika, ukushushisa kanye nokutholakala enecala lokudlwengula liyehluka phakathi kweziphathimandla. Kumazwe omhlaba, izehlakalo zokudlwengulwa ezirekhodwe ngamaphoyisa ngonyaka ka-2008 zazibalelwa kubantu abayi-100 000, zisuka ku-0,2 e- Azerbaijan zaya ku-92.9 eBotswana zaya ku-6.3 eLithuania njengomuntu ophakathi nendawo. Emhlabeni jikelele, udlame lwezocansi, kubandakanya nokudlwengula, lwenziwa ikakhulukazi ngabesilisa kwabesifazane. Ukudlwengula abangabazi ngokuvamile bungavami kuka ukudlwengula abantu isisulu uyazi, futhi wesilisa-on-besilisa kanye nabesifazane-on-zesifazane ejele okudlwengula kuvamile futhi kungenzeka amafomu okungenani kubika okudlwengula.
INapier, INtshonalanga Kapa
INapier yisigodi esiseNtshonalanga Kapa, eNingizimu Afrika.
Ukudlwengula
Ukudlwengulwa okubanzi futhi okuhlelekile (isb. Ukudlwengulwa kwempi ) nokugqilazwa ngokocansi kungenzeka ngesikhathi sezimpi zomhlaba.Le mikhuba ngamacala abhekene nobuntu kanye namacala empi.Ukudlwengulwa kuphinde kubhekwe njengengxenye yecala lokuqothulwa kohlanga lapho kwenziwa ngenhloso yokucekela phansi, lonke noma ingxenye yalo, uhlanga oluthile.
OpenSolaris
OpenSolaris - umsebenzi uhlelo ikhompyutha.
Ukudlwengula
Abantu abadlwenguliwe bangahlukumezeka bese beba nengcindezi yangemva kokuhlukumezeka .Ukulimala kanzima kungaholela kanye nengozi yokukhulelwa kanye nezifo ezithathelwana ngocansi.Umuntu angabhekana nodlame noma izinsongo ezivela kumdlwenguli, kanti kwesinye isikhathi, angabhekana nomndeni nezihlobo zakhe.
IMac
iMac uhlobo lwamakhompiyutha ahlanganisa konke kokukodwa (all-in-one) akhiwa yinkampani yaseMelika eyaziwa ngeApple Inc. Lolu lobo lwamkhompiyutha lwaba yingxenye eyinhloko yeminikelo yekhompiyutha abathengi kusukela ekuqaleni kwayo ngoNwcaba we-1998, futhi iguquke ngamafomu ayisikhombisa ahlukene. Ngendlela yayo yasekuqaleni, i-iMac G3 yayibukeka njengeqanda insiskrini sohlobo lwe-CRT esihlanganiswe ngocwazi elinemibala ehlukene.
Iselusi sesiCikizi
Iselusi sesicikizi siyisilekeleli esiwumphumo wokubukisa ngokwaziswa ngesimo sezithombe noma izilobo. Iselusi esisodwa ziqukethe isibukisi sokubukwa (visiual display), izizubi eziwusizo (support electronics), isihlinzeki sidlakalasi, umshaba, izixhumi zamazuba, nezilawuli ezingaphandle zomsebenzisi.
Owendo
I-Owendo yidolobha elikwisifundazwe se Estuaire, eGabhoni.
Mako (woreda)
IMako yi-woreda engaphansi kwesifundazwe se Oromia, e-Itiyopiya.
Imoto ezishayelayo
IMoto ezishayelayo, ephinde yaziwe ngokuthi imoto yenhleleleko, imoto engenamshayeli, noma imoto eyisithununu, iyimoto efakwe inhleleleko yesithuthi, okusho ukuthi iyisithuthi esihamba emhlabeni esikwazi ukuzwa indawo esizungezile futhi sihambe ngokuphepha ngaphandle kokungenelela komuntu. IziMoto ezizishayelayo zihlanganisa izinhlobonhlobo zeziNzwi ukuze zizwe indawo ezungezile, lezi kungaba izithwebuli zomchadamezo, isiFunimaza, isifunikhanyo, sonar, GPS, isilinganisibanga, nemivo yezilinganiso zomjijo. Izinhlelo zokulawula ezithuthukile zikhumusha ukwaziswa kwezinzwi ukuze zihlonze imikhondo yokugegeleza eqondile, kanye nezithiyo nezimpawu ezimqoka. UHlakahlisombulu lungasetshenziswa ukuze lufunde konke ukwaziswa kwezinzwi okubuthiwe ukuze lulawule isithuthi futhi lweseke imisebenzi yokuzishayela-okuyinhleleleko ehlukene. Njengezobuchwepheshe zangomuso, lezi moto zibikezelwa njengezizoba negalelo elikhulu ezimbonini zezokuhamba, ezempilo, ezenhlakakahle, ezokuhlelwa kwezidlidli, isinyokotho, umqiniseko, indayi yezisebenzi kanye neminye imikhakha.
Mangaung Metropolitan Municipality
Mangaung Metropolitan Municipality umasipala omkhulu waseFuleyisitata, eNingizimu Afrika.
El Chavo del 8
El Chavo del 8 Mexican ewuchungechunge yethelevishini owadalwa Roberto Gómez Bolaños, udedelwe June 20, 1971
Lejweleputswa District Municipality
Lejweleputswa District Municipality umasipala omkhulu waseFuleyisitata, eNingizimu Afrika.
I-Onrusrivier
I-Onrusrivier yindawo eseNtshonalanga Kapa, eNingizimu Afrika.
IsiThununu senkonzo
IsiThununu senkonzo sakhelwe ukusiza abantu, imvama ngokwenza imisebenzi engcolile, ethunazayo, ekude, eyingozi noma ephindaphindwayo. Imvama ziyazihleleleka (autonomous) noma zigidingiswe uhlelo lokulawula olwakhelwe kuzo, olunemikhetho yokuphambimyalo (override) ngesandla. Ibizo elithi "isithununu senkonzo" alinayo incasiselo eqondile. Inhlangano yoMhlaba yokuNdinganisa ichasisa "isithununu senkonzo" njengesithununu "esenza imisebenzi ewusizo kubantu noma emathuluzini ngaphandle kwemisebenzi yenhleleleko yezimboni”.
Mayonnaise
imayonnaise isithako esinandisa ukudla esivame ukusetshenziswa ngokuxutshwa nekabishi namazambane athosiwe nokunye okuningi
ISwidi
ISwidi (Sverige) izwe laseYurophu. IsiQongo saseSwidi IStokholmu. Ulimi isiSwidi.
Garani (woreda)
IGarani yi-woreda engaphansi kwesifundazwe se Afar, e-Itiyopiya.
Tokologo Local Municipality
Tokologo Local Municipality umasipala wase Fuleyisitata.
Quissanga District
IQuissanga yisifunda se Cabo Delgado, eMozambiki.
IPinetown
IPinetown yidolobha eliKwaZulu-Natali, eNingizimu Afrika.
Ada'ar (woreda)
I-Ada'ar yi-woreda engaphansi kwesifundazwe se Afar, e-Itiyopiya.
Tizi Ghenif District
ITizi Ghenif yisifunda esingaphansi kwesifundazwe se Tizi Ouzou, e-Aljeriya.
IYerusalem
IYerusalem iyisiqongo saseIsreyili.
Wamba, Haut-Uélé
IWamba yidolobha elikwisifundazwe se Haut-Uélé, eKhongo-Kinshasa.
Masilonyana Local Municipality
Masilonyana Local Municipality umasipala wase Fuleyisitata.
Marovoay
IMarovoay yidolobhakazi elikwisifundazwe se Boeny, eMadagasika.
IMpaphamo
IMpaphamo isho ukuba ophapheme, ovukile, oxwayile, nosabelayo kokukuzungezeli nokungaphakathi. Kodwa ngenxa yokungabi nesichasiso esiqondile, sekuvele izichasiso ezingafani emkhakheni ehlukene. Kunempikiswano phakathi kosonjulalwazi, abachazithixo, izazi zolimi nosonzululwazi. Bonke abavumelani ukuthi yini edinga ukufundwa noma ukucubungulwa ngempaphamo. Kwezinye izincazelo, impaphamo imqondofana nengqondo, kanti kwezinye izikhathi, iyingxenye yomqondo. Endulo, yayichazwa ngokuthi "ingaphakathi", lomuntu, unembeza wakhe, imidlinzo yangasase, imikhanyango nentando yakhe. Namuhla, ihlanganisa noma ikuphi ukuqonda, ubungcweti, kanye nomuzwa nokwazi. Kungaba ukuqwasha, ukulumuka ngokuqwasha, noma ukuzilumuka siqu. Ukungafani kwezici zocwaningo, imiziyo nokuqayiza kuvusa ilukuluku ngokuphathelene nokuthi ingabe kubuzwa imibuzo efanele ngalokhu.
Izibonelo zezichaziso, izincasiso noma izincazelo yilezi: ukuqhwasha, umuzwa womuntu ngokuba nguye siqu noma umphefumulo ohlwaywe "ngokuzibheka ngaphakathi"; noma ngokuba isingathekiso sesimo sengqondo, isehlo sengqondo noma inqubo yengqondo eyenzeka ebuchosheni.
Izintshwayo zemikhakha ehlukile
Osonjulalwazi basentshona kusukela esikhathini sikaDesikhatesi noLokhe baye bazabalaza ukuqonda isimo sempaphamo nokuthi liyini iqhaza layo emhlabeni. Lemibuzo isaphakama nanamuhla kunjulalwazi yezwekazi neyenhlaziyo, umchazasimongotho (phenomenology) kanye nomchazangqondo womqondo.
Impaphamo seyiphenduke isihloko esibalulekile ocwaningwni lwemikhakha embaxa lenzululwazi yokuqonda (cognitive science), ebandakanya imikhakha efana nomchazangqondo (psychology), ezezilimi (linguistics), umchazasintu (anthropology), umchazangqondo weziNzwa (neuropsychology) kanye nenzululwazi yezinzwa (neuroscience). Okugxilwe Kukho ngokuyinhloko ukuqonda ukuthi kusho ukuthini ngomchazampilo nangokomchazangqondo ukuba ukwaziswa kube khona kwimpaphamo —okusho, ukunquma ukuhlobana kwezinzwa nomchazangqondo zempaphamo.
uMsuka
Osonjulalwazi basekupheleni kwekhulu lama-20 babelokhu bephikisana ngokuthi iyini impaphamo nokuthi ingabe usonjulalwazi ongumGriki u-Aristotile wayenesicabango esinembile ngayo. Kodwa u-Aristotile usebenzisa amazwi amaningana ukuchaza lesi simongotho. Usonjulalwazi Caston ugomela ngokuthi ku-Aristotile, Ukulumuka kwentshwayo kwakufana nalokho osonjulalwazi banamuhla abakubiza ngempaphamo.
U-John Locke encwadini yakhe ethi 'Isibhalwa ngokuPhathelene nokuQonda koMuntu (Essay Concerning Human Understanding), eyashicilelwa ngo-1690, wachasisa impaphamo ngokuthi "intshwayo yalokho okwenzeka emqondweni womuntu". Lesibhalwa sathonya imibono yempaphamo yangekhulu le-18, futhi incasiselo yakhe yavela kusichazamazwi esinesibunge sangowe-1755 sika Samuel Johnson. Umqulu wonyaka we-1753 weNgqoqelolwazi yesifulentshi uchasisa impaphamo ngokuthi "uvo noma umuzwa wangaphakathi esiba nawo ngalokho esikwenzeyo."
Igama lesizulu elithi "impaphamo" lisuselwa esenzweni esithi "phaphama" esisho 'ukuvuka, ukuba ngovukile, ukuba olumukile, oqaphelayo, ohlakaniphile noma onolwazi." Liyasebenza lapho kukhulunywa ngomuntu uhlakaniphile obizwa ngesiphaphami, bese lowo oyisnwazeyama abizwe ngolele. Ukuphaphama kuhlobene nokubona ngamehlo, ngoba lapho umuntu elele, akakuboni okwenzeka eduze kwakhe. Kodwa lapho ephapheme, evukile, ebhekile, ubona konke, okuyindlela azuza ulwazi ngayo, ngokuqaphela nokulumuka indawo ezungezile, naye uqobo lwakhe. Lokhu kuhlobanisa igama elithi impaphamo nesisho esiyisibunge esithi 'ukungazi kufana nokungaboni', okuzosho ukuthi lempaphamo akukhona nje ukuhlahla amehlo ugqolozele izwe, kodwa kuhambisana nolwazi lwalokho umuntubakubonayo, ukukuqonda nokuba nolwazi lokuthi kuyini nokuthi umuntu ngokwakhe uhlobana kanjani nakho.
Kibungo
IKibungo yidolobha elikwisifundazwe se Eastern, eRuwanda.
Mitooma
IMitooma yidolobha elikwisifundazwe se Western, eYuganda. Leli dolobha liyisiqongo sesifunda se Mitooma.
Nala Local Municipality
Nala Local Municipality umasipala wase Fuleyisitata.
Tswelopele Local Municipality
Tswelopele Local Municipality umasipala wase Fuleyisitata.
Matjhabeng Local Municipality
Matjhabeng Local Municipality umasipala wase Fuleyisitata.
Petit Loango
IPetit Loango yidolobha elikwisifundazwe se Ogooué-Maritime, eGabhoni.
Chicualacuala District
IChicualacuala yisifunda se Gaza, eMozambiki.
La Soukra
ILa Soukra ngumasipala futhi yidolobha elikwisifundazwe se Ariana, eThuniziya.
Setsoto Local Municipality
Setsoto Local Municipality umasipala wase Fuleyisitata.
African National Congress
. i-African National Congress (iANC) yiqembu lezombusazwe laseNingizimu Afrika elasungulwa yizingqalabutho ezinjengo John Langalibalele Dube (umafukuzela) owaba ngumongameli wokuqala ngonyaka we-1912, kanti ngemva kwalokho kwalandela uPixley ka Isaka Seme,Inkosi uAlbert Lutuli nabanye. futhi inhlangano ubuzwemnyama. Njengoba zazivinjelwe eNingizimu uhulumeni 1960-90, I-ANC yanqoba.
Umlando
Bheka ikhasi eliyinhloko:Umlando we-ANC Ngeminyaka yo-1960 abaholi bayo badingiswa kanti abanye babo babanjwa bagqunywa ejele iminyaka eminingi, okubalwa o-Oliver Tambo noNelson Mandela kanye nabanye, kanti nalo leli qembu lamiswa ukuba lingabe lisaqhubeka nemisebenzi yalo, lamiswa ngumbuso wengcindezelo wabamhlophe. Maningi amalungu we-ANC adingiswa kanti amanye abulawa, ikakhulukazi amalungu lawo abengaphansi kwamasosha e-ANC Umkhonto Wesizwe. I-ANC yona yayilwela umbuso wentando yeningi, ubulungiswa obulinganayo kuzo zonke izinhlanga zabantu.Ngonyaka we-1994 kwaba khona ukhetho lwezwe lokuqala lwentando yeningi mhla zinga-27 uMbasa .Okhethweni lokuqala lwentando yeningi yezwe we-1994 nomhloli walo, uNelson Mandela, waba ngumengameli wezwe. I-ANC edume ngokhongolose yavotelwa ngelikhulu isasasa ngabantu abangaphezu kwamaphesenti angama-60.
Emva kwe-1994
Leli qembu likakhongolose (ANC) laletha izinguquko eziningi eNingizimu Afrika, yonke imithetho yengqindezelo yasulwa,kwangena intando yeningi kanti nomthethosisekelo nawo wabunjwa kabusha. Iqembu le-ANC laphucula izimpilo zabantu ngokwezempilo,kwezenhlalakahle, zepolitiki,zomnotho, zokuvikela, nakweminye imikhakha. Ngonyaka we-1994 umengameli osedlule kuleli uNelson Mandela wayesengumengameli waleliqembu ngemva kokukuphatha isikhathi eside kuka Oliver Tambo. Ngonyaka we-1999,leli qembu laphinda futhi lanqoba ukhetho lukazwelonke,lokho okwalenza ukuthi libe namalungu amaningi ephalamende lesizwe kanti nasezikhundleni zikahulumeni. Ngawo lowo nyaka we1999, uMnu Thabo Mbeki wagcotshwa ukuba abe ngumengameli wezwe. Ladlondlobala kanjalo iqembu likakhongolose (ANC) kwaze kwafika unyaka we-2009 lapho umengameli wezwe kwaba nguJacob Zuma.
IPearly Beach
IPearly Beach yisigodi esiseNtshonalanga Kapa, eNingizimu Afrika.
Chibuto District
IChibuto yisifunda se Gaza, eMozambiki.
IPringle Bay
IPringle Bay yisigodi esiseNtshonalanga Kapa, eNingizimu Afrika.
ILatviya
ILatviya (isiLatviya: Latvija) izwe laseYurophu. Isiqongo saseLatviya iRiga (Riga). Ulimi isiLatviya.
Thabo Mofutsanyana District Municipality
Thabo Mofutsanyana District Municipality umasipala omkhulu waseFuleyisitata, eNingizimu Afrika.
Chigubo District
IChigubo yisifunda se Gaza, eMozambiki.
Terekeka County
ITerekeka yisifunda esingaphansi kwesifundazwe se Central Equatoria, eNingizimu Sudan. Leli gama elithi "Terekeka" lichaza into elahliwe noma ekhohliwe.
Mille (woreda)
IMille yi-woreda engaphansi kwesifundazwe se Afar, e-Itiyopiya.
Miarinarivo
IMiarinarivo yidolobhakazi elikwisifundazwe se Itasy, eMadagasika.
IQueensburgh
IQueensburgh yidolobha eliKwaZulu-Natali, eNingizimu Afrika. Ngonyaka ka-1924, amalokhishi amane; iMalvern, i-Escombe, iNorthdene kanye neMoseley ahlanganiswa ukuze kwakheke idolobha elibizwa nge Malvern. Ngonyaka ka-1952, leligama lashintshwa labuyiselwa kuleli elithi "Queensburgh".
Dihlabeng Local Municipality
Dihlabeng Local Municipality umasipala wase Fuleyisitata.
Tizi Rached District
ITizi Rached yisifunda esingaphansi kwesifundazwe se Tizi Ouzou, e-Aljeriya.
Imfundo eShayina
Imfundo eShayina iyinqubo yemfundo eqhutshwa wumbuso, kanti ingaphansi khwehhovisi likaNgqongqoshe wezeMfundo. Zonke izakhamizi kumele ziye esikoleni iminyaka eyisishagalolunye, eyeziwa njengemfundo ephoqelelayo, kanti futhi ithola imali evela kuhulumeni. Le nqubo ibandakanya iimfundo yeprayimari, eqala lapho izingane zineminyaka eyisithupha noma eyisikhombisa, kanye neminyaka emithathu yemfundo yezinga eliphansi lesekondari (isikole esiphakathi naphakathi) kwiminyaka engu 12 ukuya kwengu 15. Amanye amaprovinsi anemfundo yeprayimari yeminyaka emihlanu, kodwa iminyaka emine yenziwa esikoleni esiphakathi naphakathi. Ngemuva kokuqeda imfundo yesikole esiphakathi naphakathi, kuneminyaka emithathu yesikole esiphakeme esibandakanya imfundo yesekondari. Ihhovisi likaNgqongqoshe wezeMfundo, libika ukuthi cishe kunokungenwa kwesikole kwezinga elingamaphesente angu 99 esikoleni seprayimari, kanti amaphesente angu 80 esikole esiphakathi naphakathi.
Nketoana Local Municipality
Nketoana Local Municipality umasipala wase Fuleyisitata.
Imfundo eShayina
<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space: nowrap;">[<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2009)">citation needed ] Ngo 1985, uhulumeni waqeda imfundo ephakeme ethola imali yentela kanti lokhu kudinga ukuthi abantu abenza izicelo zokuya eyunivesithi ukuthi baqhudelane ukuthola ama-scholarships ngokulandela ikhono labo kwezemfundo. Eminyakeni yoma 1980, uhulumeni wavumela okokuqala ukuthi kusungulwe izikole zangasese, lokho kwanyusa isibalo sabafundi abathola iziqu zokuqala eyunivesithi kanye nenani labantu abaneziqu zezinga lobudokotela ngezinga eliphindwe kahlanu phakathi kukanyaka ka 1995 nonyaka ka 2005. Ngo 2003, iShayina yasekela izikhungo ezingu 1,552 zemfundo ephakeme (amakholishi kanye namayunivesithi) kanye noprofesa bakhona abangu 725,000 kanye nezitshudeni ezingu 11 miliyoni (bheka Uhla lwamayunivesithi eShayina). Kunamayunivesithi angaphezulu kwangu 100 abalulekile kazwelonke, abandakanya i-Peking University kanye ne-Tsinghua University. Ukusetshenziswa kwemali kunyuke ngo 20% ngonyaka ukusukela ngo 1999, manje lelil nani selifinyelela ku-$100bn, kanti kwaba nezitshudeni ezilinganiselwa ku 1.5 miliyoni ezifundele isayense nobunjiniyela eziphothule iziqu kwizifundo zesayense nobunjiniyela, eziphothule izifundo kumayunivesithi aseShayina ngo 2006. IShayina yashicilela imibhalo yezifundo engu 184,080 ngo 2008. IShayina sekuyindawo yedumela kakhulu kubafundi bamazwe. Ukusukela ngo 2013, izwe laseShayina libe ngelidume kakhulu nelithathw akakhulu zitshudeni zamazwe omhlaba e-Asia As of 2013, kanti lisezingeni lesithathu kuwo wonke amazwe.
Imithetho elawula inqubo yemfundo, ibandakanya ukulawulwa kwama-Academic Degrees, imfundo yezomthetho ephoqelelayo ebizwa i-Compulsory Education Law, umthetho wezothisha (Teachers Law), umthetho wezemfundo (Education Law), umthetho wokufundela imisebenzi ethile, ie-Law on Vocational Education, kanye nomthetho wemfundo ephakeme i-Law on Higher Education. Bheka futhi ku: Law of the People's Republic of China.
Njengoba i-Shanghai kanye ne-Hong Kong zingezinye zezindawo zemfundo esebenza ngeqophelo eliphezulu kakhkulu kunamanye amazwe kuhlolo lwamazwe omhlaba lwe-Programme for International Student Assessment, inqubo yemfundo eShayina inconywa kakhulu ngobunzulu nokugxila kwayo,  kanye nokugcizelela ekufundeni ngekhanda ukulungiselela ama-test, okwaziwa ngokuthi yi-rote memorization kanye nokulungiselelela ama-test.
Umlando
Ukusukela ekupheleni kwerivolushini yezamasiko i-Cultural Revolution (1966–76), inqubo yemfundo yaseShayina ilokhu ihlala ihlose nokuqikelela ukuguqula umnotho ukuthi  ube ngowesimanje (economic modernization).
<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space: nowrap;">[<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2009)">citation needed ] Ngo 1985, uhulumeni kazwelonke wadedela inqubo yemfundo yesisekelo wayinikeza ohulumeni bezindawo, lokhu okwenziwa ngokuthatha isinqumo esathathwa yisigungu esiphezulu seqembu lamakhomanisi, i-Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party's "Decision on the Reform of the Educational Structure." Ekuphothuleni inguquko kwezemfundo ngoMeyi 1985, iziphathimandla zamemezela ukuthi kube nemfundo ephoqayo yeminyaka eyisishagalolunye kanye nokusungulwa kweKhomishini yeMfundo yoMbuso i-State Education Commission (eyakhiwa ngenyanga elandelayo). Ukuzimisela ngokomthetho ukuthuthukisa imfundo kwabonakala kakhulu  ngokunyusa imali yezemfundo ngohlelo lweminyaka eyisikhombisa i-Seventh Five-Year Plan (1986–90), eyaba yinani lamaphesente angu 72 kunalelo elalinyikezwa ezemfundo kwisikhathi sohlelo olwedlule sango  (1981–85). Ngonyaka ka 1986, inani lamaphesente angu 16.8 kwibhajethe yombuso (state budget) yabekelwa eceleni ibekelwe ezemfundo, uma kuqhathaniswa namaphesente angu 10.4 kanyaka ka 1984. Ukusukela ngo 1949, imfundo ihlala njalo iwumkhakha okuphikiswana ngawo eShayina. I-GhienCongNghe.Net iyiwebhusayithi enakekela izindaba zobuchwepheshe ezidumile eVietnam  Ngenxa yokuqhubeka yokuqhubeka kokuhlelwa kabusha kwezinto okubizwa ngokuthi yi-intraparty realignments, umgomo wangokosiko ubuhlala uqhathaniswa nezinto ezibonwa zibalulekile ngokulandela i-idiyoloji kanye nezinto ezibalulekile ngokulandela izinto ezibambekayo nezibonelela ukusubenzeka kwezinto emizameni yekuqhubela phambili intuthukko kazwelonke. Kodwa ukulandela i-idiyoloji inkinga wukuthi kuhlala kunokuphambana phakathi kokubonelela izinto ezisebenzisekayo neziwusizo ngokwesimo, kanye ne-idiyoloji ngakolunye uhlangothi.Kodw ainqubekela phambili enkulu eyayibizws angokuthi yi-The Great Leap Forward (1958–60) kanye nentshukumo yemfundo yesoshalizimi ebizwa ngokuthi yi-Socialist Education Movement (1962–65) yaqikelela ukuqeda inqubo ebizwa ngokuthi yi-academic elitism, ukuze kuvalwe igebe kwezenhlalisano nezendabuko okubizwa ngokuthi yi-narrow social and cultural gaps phakathi kwabasebenzi, abaphila ngokulima emakhaya abaziwa ngokuthi ama-peasant kanye naphakathi kwabantu basemadolobheni nasemakhaya, kanye nokuqeda umkhuba wokuthi izifundiswa ezizaziwa ngokuthi ama- scholars kanye nabasebenza ngemisebenzi yezingqondo ama-intellectuals babukele phansi umsebenzi owenziwa ngezandla obizwa ngokuthi yi-manual labor. Ngesikhathi senqubo yentshukumo eyaziwa ngokuthi yi-Cultural Revolution, kwaba nokuqikelelwa kakhulu ukuthi kube nenqubo yokulingana eyaziwa ngokuthi yi-social equality phakathi kwabantu, le nqubo yiyo eyabonwa njengento ebaluleke kakhulu nokumele kuqalwe ngayo ukwenziwa.
History
Ubuholi bangemuva komholi wangaphambili u-Mao Zedong Chinese Communist Party babona imfundo njengesisekelo sokuqala semikhakha eminye yenqubo yesimodeni, eyayibizwa njenge-Four Modernizations. Ngeminyaka yoma-1980, imfundo yesayense netheknoloji yagxiliswa kakhulu ekubalulekeni kumgomo wemfundo. Ngonyaka ka 1986 ukuqeqeshwa kwamabasebenzi kumakhono okunabisa ulwazi lwesayense nobuthekniki kwabekelwa ezingeni eliphezulu nelibaluleke kakhulu. Ngisho noma umkhakha we-humanities nawo wabonwa ubalulekile, kodwa amakhono okuqeqeshelwa imisebenzi kanye namakhono atheknikhali, nawo abekwa ezingeni eliphezulu nelibalulekile kwizinhloso zokwenza iShayini libe yizwe lenqubo yesimodeni. Ukuhlelwa kwabusha kwezinto ezibalulekile nokumele zenziwe kuqala kwezemfundo kwaba yisu eliphambili likaDeng Xiaoping ukwenzela intuthuko yezomnotho. Kwagxilwa kakhulu nakuqeqesho oluqhubekela phambili lwalabo ababevele sebefundile, ukuze baqhubele phambili inqubo yokwenza izinto ngendlela yesimodeni kwiminyaka ezayo. Ukugcizelela kakhulu kwisayense yesimodeni netheknoloji, kwenza ukuthi kwamukelwe, ukusukela ngonyaka ka 1976, umgomo owawubonelela okuvela kwamanye amazwe aphesheya, lokhu okwakhuthaza ukuthi kufundwe kanye nokuboleka izinqubo nezinto zamazwe angaphandle, ukuqhubela kakhulu kwizinga eliphezulu ezoqeqesho, kwimikhakha yezesayense.
The post-Mao Zedong Chinese Communist Party leadership viewed education as the foundation of the Four Modernizations. In the early 1980s, science and technology education became an important focus of education policy. By 1986 training skilled personnel and expanding scientific and technical knowledge had been assigned the highest priority. Although the humanities were considered important, vocational and technical skills were considered paramount for meeting China's modernization goals. The reorientation of educational priorities paralleled Deng Xiaoping's strategy for economic development. Emphasis also was placed on the further training of the already-educated elite, who would carry on the modernization program in the coming decades. Renewed emphasis on modern science and technology led to the adoption, beginning in 1976, of an outward-looking policy that encouraged learning and borrowing from abroad for advanced training in a wide range of scientific fields.
Ekuqaleni kweNgqungquthela yawo wonke amalunga yesithathu (Third Plenum) yeKhongrese yeshumi nanye kazwelonke, yeKomidi lesikhungu esiphezulu i-Central Committee ngoDisemba ka 1978, izifundiswa zakhuthazwa ukuthi zenze ucwaningo (research)  olusekela imikhakha emine yenqubo yesimodeni, inqaba nje uma belandela izimiso ezisemqoka ezine ezazaziwa ngokuthi ama-"Four Cardinal Principles" lezi zifundiswa zazinikezwa inkululeko. Kodwa inhlangano yamakhomanisi kanye nohulumeni yibo ababebeka imikhawulo yalezo zimiso ezisemqoka ezine ezibalulekile, kodwa futhi uma bebena ukuthi ucwaningo aluhlangabezana nalezo zimiso, babekwazi ukulumisa lolo cwaningo..
Beginning at the Third Plenum of the Eleventh National Party Congress Central Committee in December 1978, intellectuals were encouraged to pursue research in support of the Four Modernizations and, as long as they complied with the party's "Four Cardinal Principles" they were given relatively free rein. But when the party and the government determined that the strictures of the four cardinal principles had been stretched beyond tolerable limits, they did not hesitate to restrict intellectual expression.
Ezemibhalo ye-Literature kanye neze-arts le mikhakha nayo yavuselelwa kakhulu ngeminyaka yoma 1970 kanye noma 1980. Imibhalo yamandulo nayo yavuselelwa futhi kanti futhi nezinye izinhlobo zemibhalo ye-literature nezamasiko, zangaphandle, nazo zavunyelwa ukuze zifakelwe kwinqubo yale mibhalo.
Literature and the arts also experienced a great revival in the late 1970s and 1980s. Traditional forms flourished once again, and many new kinds of literature and cultural expression were introduced from abroad.
Ukusukela ngonyaka ka 2015, izikhungo zemfundo kakhulumeni yeprayimari kanye namasekondari ezinga eliphansi (junior high), lezi zikole eShayina, zinabafundi abangama 28.8 miliyoni.
Intuthuko
Ukusukela ngeminyaka yoma 1950, iShayini ihlinzeka ngemfundo ephoqelelayo yeminyaka eyisishagalolunye, kubantu abayisibalo sengxenye yokunye-kokuhlanu uma kuqhathaniswa nesibalo sabantu bomhlaba wonke. Ngonyaka ka 1999, imfundo yeprayimari ibisiyinto eyande kakhulu endaweni engu 90% yezwe laseShayina, kanti futhi imfundo ephoqelelayo yeminyaka eyisishagalolunye, manje isiyongamele inani labantu abangu 85% baseShayina. Kanti uhulumeni kazwelonke kanye nohulumeni bamaprovinsi, bahlinzeka ngemali yemfundo, kodwa izinga lokuhlinzeka ngemali liyehlukahluka kwiprovinsi neprovinsi, kanti futhi ukuhlinzekwa ngemali yemfundo kusezingeni eliphansi, kunezindawo zomasipala basemadolobheni. Imindeni nayo kumele ixhase kwimali ekhishwa nguhulumeni yemfundo, lokhu okusho ukuthi ezinye izingane imali ephansi. Kodwa abazali bayithathela phezulu imfundo, lokhu okwenza ukuthi bazinikele kakhulu ekuxhaseni ezemfundo ngisho noma bengenamali kahle, futhi bathumela izingane zabo esikoleni ukuyofinyelela eyunivesithi. Izinga lokungafundi ezinganeni ukuya kwabadadlana lehle kakhulu ukusukela kumaphesenti angu 80 ukuya kumaphesenti amahlanu. Inqubo yemfundo iqeqeshe abantu abanamaprofeshini abangamamliyoni angu 60 kwimikhakha yamaprofeshini aphakathi-naphakathi ukuya kumkhakha ophezulu, kanti cishe abasebenzi abangamamiliyoni angu 400 nabo baqeqeshiwe ukufinyelela kwizinga lemfundo yesikole ephezulu. Namuhla eShayina abantu abangu 250 miliyoni eShayina bathola imfundo yamazinga amathathu esikole, (okusho izinga lesikole le-elementary, ijunior kanye nesenior), lokhu okuphinde kabili izinga lokunyuka kwezemfundo uma kuqhathaniswa namazwe omhlaba. Ukungena isikole kwenyuka kwafinyelela amapesenti angu 98,8 kanti esikole sezinga eliphezulu khona kufinyelela amapesenti angu 94.1.
Izinga lemfundo eShayina liya ngokwenaba kakhulu. Eminyakeni elishumi eyedlule, iziqu ze-MBA zazingekho, kodwa ngonyaka ka 2004, kwase kunabantu abangu 47 000 abaneziqu ze-MBA, ababeqeqeshwe kwizikhungo ezingu 62. Abantu abaningi benza izicelo zokuthola amakhwalifikheshini amaprofeshini kumazwe omhlaba, ukwenza iziqu ze-EMBA ne-MPA; cishe kunabafundi abangu 10,000 ababhalisele iziqu ze-MPA ezikhungweni ezingu 47 zemfundo ephakeme, ezibandakanya i-Peking University kanye ne-Tsinghua University. Imakethe yezemfundo inyuke ngezinga nesivinini esiphezulu, kanti uqeqesho nokuhlolwa kwamakhwalifikheshini amaprofeshini kuphezulu, kanti ukuqeqeshwa ngamakhompyutha kanye nolwazi lwezilimi zangaphandle, yinto esezingeni eliphezulu. Imfundo eqhubekela phambili yinto eyenzeka kakhulu ngokuvamile, kanti abantu bafuna ukufunda izimpilo zabo bonke.
Since the 1950s, China has been providing a nine-year compulsory education to what amounts to a fifth of the world's population. By 1999, primary school education had become generalized in 90% of China, and mandatory nine-year compulsory education now effectively covered 85% of the population. While the central and provincial governments provide some funding for education, this varies from province to province, and funding in the rural areas is notably lower than in major urban municipalities. Families must supplement money provided to school by government with tuition fees, which means that some children have much less. However, parents place a very high value on education, and make great personal sacrifices to send their children to school and to university. Illiteracy in the young and mid-aged population has fallen from over 80 percent down to five percent. The system trained some 60 million mid- or high-level professionals and near 400 million laborers to junior or senior high school level. Today, 250 million Chinese get three levels of school education, (elementary, junior and senior high school) doubling the rate of increase in the rest of the world during the same period. Net elementary school enrollment has reached 98.9 percent, and the gross enrollment rate in junior high schools 94.1 percent.
China's educational horizons are expanding. Ten years ago the MBA was virtually unknown but by 2004 there were 47,000 MBAs, trained at 62 MBA schools. Many people also apply for international professional qualifications, such as EMBA and MPA; close to 10,000 MPA students are enrolled in 47 schools of higher learning, including Peking University and Tsinghua University. The education market has rocketed, with training and testing for professional qualifications, such as computer and foreign languages, thriving. Continuing education is the trend, once in one's life schooling has become lifelong learning.
Ukusebenzisana nokuxhumana namazwe angahandle kwezemfundo kuya kunyuka ngezinga eliphezulu minyaka yonke.Izwe laseShayina linabafundi abaningi abafunda kumazwe angaphandle, ukusukela ngonyaka ka 1979 kube nabafundi abangu 697 000 baseShayina abafunda kumzwe angu 103 kanye namarijini, kanti kulelinani, abangu 185 000 babuyele eShayina ngemuva kwezifundo zabo. Inani labafundi bamanye amazwe abafunda eShayina nabo linyukile, ngonyaka ka 2004, bekunabafundi bamanye amazwe abangu 110 000 abavela kumazwe angu 178 ababefunda kumayunivesithi aseShayina..
Utshalomali kwezemfundo lunyukile eminyakeni eyedlule; izinga lemali efakelwe kwezemfundo lenyuke ngephesenti elilodwa kunyaka nonyaka ukusukela ngo 1998. Ngokulandela uhlelo lukaNgqongqoshe wezeMfundo, uhulumeni uzosungula inqubo yezezimali ngokuhambisana nenqubo yezimali zomphakathi, ukuqinisa indima yohulumeni kuyo yonke imikhakha yotshalomali lwemfundo, kanye nokuqinisekisa ukuthi ukwabiwa kwezimali kwezemfundo kukhula kakhulu ngesivinini ukudlula ingeniso lemali evamile. Uhlelo lubeka nenhloso kahulumeni yotshalomali kwimfundo, nokuthi kumele kube ngezinga lamaphesenti amane e-GDP ngesikhathi esifishane.
Kwimfundo engaphoqelelele, iShayina yamukele inqubo yokuthi kwabelwane ngenkokhelo, ukukhokhisa imali yokufunda ngamaphesenti athile ezindleko. Kodwa ukuqinisekisa ukuthi abafundi bemindeni eyeswele, bakwazi ukufinyelela kwimfundo ephakeme, uhulumeni uqale izindlela ezibambekayo zokusiza ngemigomo kanye nezinqubo zama-scholarship, izinhlelo zokufunda abantu bebebesebenza, ukuphungulelwa inkokhelo yokufunda, ama-subsidy kubafundi abanobunzima kwezezimali kanye nokuthi abanye bangakhokhi kanye nokuthola imixhaso kahulumeni.
Ukusebenzisana kwamazwe omhlaba kanye nokushintshisana kwezemfundo kuyenyuka unyaka nonyaka. Izwe laseShayina linabafundi basemayunivesithi namakholishi abafunda kumazwe aphesheya, abaningi ukudlula amanye amazwe; ukusukela ngo 1979, kube nabafundi bamaShayina abangu 697 000, abafunda kumazwe angu 103 kanye namarijini, okanti inani elingu 185 000 labo babuyela eShayina lapho beqede ukufunda izifundo zabo. Inani labafundi bangaphandle abafunda eShayina, nalo lenyuke ngokushesha; ngonyaka ka 2004, kwakunabafundi abangaphezulu kwenani lika 110 000 ababuye kumazwe angu 178, ababefunda emayunivesithi aseShayina.
Investment in education has increased in recent years; the proportion of the overall budget allocated to education has been increased by one percentage point every year since 1998. According to a Ministry of Education program, the government will set up an educational finance system in line with the public finance system, strengthen the responsibility of governments at all levels in educational investment, and ensure that their financial allocation for educational expenditure grows faster than their regular revenue. The program also set out the government's aim that educational investment should account for four percent of GDP in a relatively short period of time.
Uhulumeni uzimisele ukwenyusa izinga lemfundo kakhulu, njengoba kubonakala kubufakazi bohlelo lwemfundo lukaNgqongqoshe, lwango 2020 kubantu abangu 100 000 wabantu, abangu 13 500 bazobe benemfundo digri yezinga lokuqala lekholishi noma ngaphezulu kwalo, kanti abangu 31 000bazobe benemfundo yesikole sezinga eliphezulu, izinga labantu abangakwazi ukufunda nokubhala lizokwehla ngamaphesenti amathathu, kanti inani labangena isikole lizokwenyuka uusukela eminyakeni ayisishagalombili uuya kwiminyaka engu 11.
Abalingisi Bamafilimu angcolile
Umlingisi wefilimu yezocansi noma umlingisi, umlingisi wabantu abadala, noma inkanyezi yezocansi umuntu owenza izenzo zocansi kuvidiyo evame ukubonakala njenge- movie yezocansi. Amavidiyo anjalo ajwayele ukwenziwa ezinhlotsheni eziningana ezihlukile zezithombe zobulili ezingcolile futhi azame ukwethula iphupho lezocansi futhi abalingisi abakhethelwe indima ethile bakhethwa ikakhulukazi emandleni abo okudala noma okulingana naleyo fantasy. Amavidiyo wezithombe zobulili ezingcolile abonakala njenge- " softcore ", engaqukethe ukungeniswa kokuya ocansini noma " fetishism ngokweqile" ne- " hardcore ", engaqukatha ukuboniswa kokungena noma fetishism okweqile, noma kokubili.Izinhlobo namandla okuya ocansini kwamavidiyo ikakhulukazi kunqunywa ngokufunwa.Ngokuya ngohlobo lwefilimu, ukubukeka esikrinini, iminyaka, nezici zomzimba zabalingisi abaphambili kanye namandla abo okwenza imizwa yezocansi yevidiyo kubaluleke kakhulu.Iningi labalingisi ligxile ezinhlotsheni ezithile, njengobulili bobungqingili, ubulili besifazane abathandana nabobulili obufanayo, ubugqila, ukubopha ocansini, ucansi lwendunu, ukungena kabili,ukugwinya isidoda, abesifazane abasebasha, ubuzwe noma ama-MILF.
IRiviersonderend
IRiviersonderend yisigodi esiseNtshonalanga Kapa, eNingizimu Afrika.
UkuCikiza
Ukucikiza kuyinoma ibuphi ubuqhebeqhebe obugxike empokopheleni obudinga izinsiza, buzuze kuzo, noma budale izinguxa zokucikiza. Ukucikiza kuhlanganisa ucwaningo nomgcanso ngezinqubo zomkholezima, nokuthuthukiswa kokubili kwezinsiza ezingaphandle neziphakathi. Ukucikiza kunezici zenzululwazi, zobunjiniyela, zomchazazibalo, zobuchwepheshe nezomphakathi. Izigaba zokucikiza ezinkulu zihlanganisa ubunjiniyela besicikizi, inzululwazi yesicikizi, (cybersecurity), inzululwazi yemininingo, izimiso zokwaziswa, ezobuchwepheshe bokwaziswa kanye nobunjiniyela behlelokusebenza.
Ibizo elithi "ukucikiza" limqondofana nelithi 'ukubala nelithi 'ukuqaqulula'. Ezikhathini zangaphambili, lalisetshenziswa uma kukhulunywa ngomsebenzi owenziwa abacikizi abangabantu, manje osowenziwa izinguxa zokucikiza.
Dugdaa Daawwaa (woreda)
IDugdaa Daawwaa yi-woreda engaphansi kwesifundazwe se Oromia, e-Itiyopiya.
Faka igama
Faka igama isiko social lapho ukudla (ngokuvamile inyama) iphekwe on a hlupha noma izoso phezu kwamalahle avuthayo. Isiko ekuqaleni waqala Afrikaners, kodvwa kusukela kwasakazekela kubantu bonke abanye baseNingizimu Afrika, kuhlanganise Botswana, Namibia, Lesotho, Zimbabwe kanye Zambia.
Ngaphandle inyama ismaiji, ummbila, amazambane ucwecwiwe amakhowe ngokuvamile okuthosiwe, ngokuvamile njengoba side izitsha, kodwa futhi ngezinye izikhathi ungalungiswa njengempepho isidlo imifino.
Guijá District
IGuijá yisifunda se Gaza, eMozambiki.
Faka igama
Like izwi amasosishi izwi izoso kufakwe ngesiNgisi kanye ngezilimi kakhulu saseningizimu ne-Afrika.
Maluti-a-Phofung Local Municipality
Maluti-a-Phofung Local Municipality umasipala wase Fuleyisitata.
IsiVenda
IsiVenda singulimi lwamaVenda. Ngulimi lwesiNguni. Sikhulunywa eNingizimu Afrika ngabantu abangama-1 300 000 (ukubala kwesizwe kuka-2011). Ezisemthethweni imibhalo nemiqulu yakwaHulumeni. Bese kuthi uphiko lobuchwepheshe bamagama lona lwelekelela ngokusombulula.
Ezinye zezilimi ezisukela olimini lwesiVenda singabala IsiXhosa, Isindebele kanye nesiSwati. Lezi zilimi zonke isiSwazi, isiZulu, isiNdebele nesiXhosa, ziyizilimi zesiNguni.
IFinlandi
IFinlandi (isiFinlandi: Suomi; isiSwidi: Finland) izwe laseYurophu. IsiQongo saseFinlandi IHelsinki (Helsinki) futhi idolobha lesibili ngobukhulu iTampere (Tammerfors). Izilimi isiFinlandi nesiSwidi.
Faka igama
National Braai Day
Braai Day ngokokuqala ngqá ngo-2005 eyayihlelwe Mzansi Braai Institute, futhi kusukela ngo-2008 ibizwa elitholakalayo ngaphansi kohlelo olubizwa ngokuthi yi Braai Ngefa (Braai4Heritage), isinyathelo non-profit. Ngo-September 5, 2007, uArchbishop Desmond Tutu abavikela esimisiwe usuku. isInyathelo wathola ngo-2008 kwemvume yeziphathimandla we-South African National Heritage Council.
ITongaat
eThongathi noma iTongaat yidolobha elikwisifundazwe saKwaZulu-Natali, eNingizimu Afrika.
Chókwè District
IChókwè yisifunda se Gaza, eMozambiki.
IsiVenda
Isifunda sakwaBulawayo esise Zimbabwe naso singesinye sezifunda ezisebenzisa lolu limi lwesiVenda.
Mabalane District
IMabalane yisifunda se Gaza, eMozambiki.
Kabuga
IKabuga yidolobha elikwisifundazwe se Kigali, eRuwanda.
I-Morphine
I-Morphine ngumuthi wezinhlungu womndeni we- opiate otholakala ngokwemvelo ngombala onsundu, onenhlaka, ovela esitshalweni se-poppy ( Papaver somniferum ). Ingathathwa ngomlomo noma ijojowe; kuyabhenywa kaningi. Isebenza ngqo ohlelweni lwezinzwa oluphakathi (CNS) ukukhulisa imizwa yenjabulo nokuphumula okufudumele nokunciphisa izinhlungu, futhi kuvame ukuhlukunyezwa ngale njongo. Ingathathwa ngazo zombili izinhlungu ezibuhlungu nobuhlungu obungapheli futhi ijwayele ukusetshenziselwa ubuhlungu obuvela ku- infarction ye-myocardial, amatshe ezinso, nangesikhathi sokubeletha. I-morphine ingalawulwa ngomlomo, ngomjovo emsipheni, ngomjovo ngaphansi kwesikhumba, ngemithambo yegazi, ngomjovo esikhaleni esizungeze umgogodla, noma ngohlangothi. Umphumela wayo omkhulu ufinyelelwa ngemuva kokucishe kube ngu-20 imizuzu lapho ifakwa ngemithambo yegazi kanye nama-60 imizuzu lapho ilawulwa ngomlomo, kanti ubude bomphumela wayo ngu-3-7 amahora. hgUkwakhiwa okusebenza isikhathi eside kwe-morphine kuyatholakala njenge-MS-Contin, iKadian, namanye amagama emikhiqizo kanye nangokomkhiqizo.
Watsa
IWatsa yidolobha elikwisifundazwe se Haut-Uélé, eKhongo-Kinshasa.
Phumelela Local Municipality
Phumelela Local Municipality umasipala wase Fuleyisitata.
Yei County
IYei yisifunda esingaphansi kwesifundazwe se Central Equatoria, eNingizimu Sudan.
Miandrivazo
IMiandrivazo yidolobha elikwisifundazwe se Menabe, eMadagasika.
IRooi-Els, INtshonalanga Kapa
'IRooi-Els yidolobha eliseNtshonalanga Kapa, eNingizimu Afrika.
Zéralda District
IZéralda yisifunda esingaphansi kwesifundazwe se Algiers, e-Aljeriya.
Mantsopa Local Municipality
Mantsopa Local Municipality umasipala wase Fuleyisitata.
Moyo, Idolobha
IMoyo yidolobha elikwisifundazwe se Northern, eYuganda. Leli dolobha liyisiqongo sesifunda se Moyo.
INoki
INoki au INorweyi (isiNoki: Norge, Noreg) izwe ini iYurophu. IsiQongo u Oslo. Ulimi - isiNoki.
Umbogintwini
Umbogintwini yidolobha eliKwaZulu-Natali, eNingizimu Afrika.
Lillian Ngoyi
Lilian Masediba Matabane Ngoyi "Mama Ngoyi", (*25 Mandulo 1911 – † 13 Ndasa 1980), wabe eysishoshovu asabe silwa nohlelo lobandlulo eNingizimu Afrika  Waba ngowokuqala wesimame ukuba aqokelwe esigungwini esiphezulu se-African National Congress (ANC) waphinde wasiza ekubunjweni kweNhlangano yoMama baseNingizimu Africa (Federation for South African Women(Fedsaw)). Ngaphambi kokuba asebenze emshinini efemini lendwangu, lapho ayeqashwe khona kusukela ngonyaka we-1945 kuya kowe-1956, uNgoyi wabhalisela ukuba ngumhlengikazi.
IsiSuthu sasenyakatho
IsiSuthu sasenyakatho (isiPedi, Sepedi) singulimi lwasoPedi neNingizimu Afrika. Ayiyona ulumi lwasiNguni. Singulimi lwasiSuthu (sifana nesiTswana nesiSuthu). Sikhulunywa ngabantu abayizigidi 4,6.
Yangambi
IYangambi yidolobha elikwisifundazwe se Tshopo, eKhongo-Kinshasa.
IsiTsonga
IsiTsonga singulimi lwamaTsonga. Ngulimi lwesiNguni. Sikhulunywa eNingizimu Afrika ngabantu abangama-4 000 000 (ukubala kwesizwe kuka-2011) futhi siqondwa ngabantu abangama-13 000 000. Ezisemthethweni imibhalo nemiqulu yakwaHulumeni. Bese kuthi uphiko lobuchwepheshe bamagama lona lwelekelela ngokusombulula.
Ezinye zezilimi ezisukela olimini lwesiTsonga singabala IsiXhosa, Isindebele kanye nesiSwati. Lezi zilimi zonke isiSwazi, isiZulu, isiNdebele nesiXhosa, ziyizilimi zesiNguni.
Isifunda sa kwa Mozambiki naso singesinye sezifunda ezisebenzisa lolu limi lwesiTsonga.
Isibonelo
Baba wethu ngesiTsonga:
Ikhambi lokugoma
Ukunika umuntu umuthi oqeqesha amasosha omzimba kuthiwa ukugoma. Akukho okuhlula ukugoma ekuvimbeni ukutheleleka ngezifo ezidalwa amagciwane. *United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2011). A CDC framework for preventing infectious diseases. Accessed 11 September 2012. "Vaccines are our most effective and cost-saving tools for disease prevention, preventing untold suffering and saving tens of thousands of lives and billions of dollars in healthcare costs each year." ukugoma kwaqeda izifo okubalwa kuzo ingxibongo, kwaphinde kwanciphisa amazinga ezifo okubalwa kuzo i-polio, isimungumungwane, kanye ne-tetanus. Imithi kugoma kwaziwa igwema izifo okubalwa kuzo umkhuhlane, i-HPV, kanye nenqubulunjwana.
Igama lomuthi womgongo kuthiwa i-vaccine ngesiNgisi okuyigama elaqanjwa ngu-Edward Jenner owalisungula olimini lwesiLathini olusho inqubulunjwana yezinkomo ngesitkhathi eqamba umuthi wokuligoma.
Ukusebenza kwalo
Imithi yoku goma iphephile futhi iyasebenza kahle ukulwa nezifo ezithelelanayo. Kodwa ke, kukhona izindawo lapho ugugoma kuba buthaka khona.
Amandla emithi yomgomo anqunyelwe izinto eziningi njenge:
Uma umuntu ogonyiwe uyasithola isifo agonyelwe sona (lokhu kuthiwa isifo esingena ngenkani) kuvamile ukuthi kwehle ukuthelelanana kwalesi sifo kwabanye abantu abangagonyiwe.
Okulandelayo izinto okumele ziqaphelwe ukuze luzosebenza kahle uhlelo lokugoma abantu:
Uma iningi labantu bangomile. Kuba nzima kakhulu ukuthi isifo sibhebhetheke. Lokhu kwaziwa ngokuthi ukuphepha komhlambi.
Ukugoma kuvimba ukuqala kokumelana nokusebenza komuthi obulala amagciwane. Umzekelo; izinhlelo zomgomo sezehlise amazinga ukumelana nokusebenza kwemithi efana ne-penicillin ebulala amagciwane anjenge-Streptococcus pneumoniae edala inyumoniya.
Umgomo wesimungumungwana uvimbela ukufa kwabantu abangama 1-million minyaka yonke.
Imithelela emibi
Ukugoma kwabantwana kuphephile. Imithelela emibi ijwayele ukuba mncane. Imithelela ijwayele ukuba imfiva, ubuhlungu endaweni yokujova, kanye nezinhlungu zomsipha.
Imithelela emibi kakhulu ayijwayelekile.
Izinhlobo
Imithi yomgomo yakhiwe ngezincezu zamagciwane.
Ziningi izihlobo ezisetshenziswayo.
Okucishiwe
Kukhona imithi yomgomo eyakhiwe ngamagciwane acishiwe kusetshenziswa amakhemikhali, ukushisa, noma imisebe endmandla. Imizekelo kungabalwa kuyo imithi yokugoma elwa nezifo ezifana ne-polio, hepatitis A, amarabi, kanye nomkhuhlane.
Okuncishisiwe
Kukhona imithi yomgomo enamagciwane aphilayo, ancishisiwe. Le nhlobo yomgomo yenza umzimba ube namandla anyukile ukulwa nezifo kodwa awuphephile ukusetshenziswa kubantu abamasosha omzimba abuthaka.
Obekunobuthi
Kukhona indlela yokuthatha into ewubuthi, bucishwe ubuthi bayo ukuze kwakhiwe ngayo umuthi yomgomo obizwa nge-toxoid.