UNelson_Mandela
Isiqiwi se-Robben Island: 1964–82
UMandela kanye nalabo ayequliswa nabo icala basuswa ePitori basiwa ejele lasesiqiwini e-Robben Island, kanti bagqunywa kulelo jele iminyaka engu 18.<span class="mw-ref" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBenson1986165Meer1988262Mandela200475.E2.80.9378Smith2010307.E2.80.93308Sampson2011204_142-0" rel="dc:references"> [142]  <span class="mw-ref" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBenson1986165Meer1988262Mandela200475.E2.80.9378Smith2010307.E2.80.93308Sampson2011204_142-0" rel="dc:references"> Babengavunyelwa ukuhlangana nezinye iziboshwa ezingezona ezepolitiki, ezaziku-Section B, UMandela wayebekwe kwiseli elimanzi elinomsokama likasimende, elilingana u 8 feet (2.4  m) by 7 feet (2.1  m), kanti wayelaliswa ecansini eliwucwecwana.<span class="mw-ref" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMandela200479.E2.80.9380Meredith2010279Sampson2011205_143-0" rel="dc:references"> [143]   <span class="mw-ref" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMandela200479.E2.80.9380Meredith2010279Sampson2011205_143-0" rel="dc:references"> Wayehlala ethukwa kanye nokuhlukunyezwa emzimbeni ngonogada bejele abamhlophe, kanti futhi yena nayeboshwe nabo ecaleni le-Rivonia, babesetshenziswa ukuqhekeza amatshe nsuku zonke, kwaze kwathi ngo-1965 baqala ukusetshenziswa kwi-quarry ye-lime. UMandela wayengavunyelwe ukufaka izibuko zamehlo ukumvikela elangaeni kanye nakwi-lime, kanti lokhu kwalimaza unomphela amahlo akhe.<span class="mw-ref" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBenson1986166.2C_182Meer1988266Mandela200482.E2.80.9384.2C_108.E2.80.93116Meredith2010281.E2.80.93283.2C_290.E2.80.93291Sampson2011206.E2.80.93207_144-0" rel="dc:references"> [144]  <span class="mw-ref" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBenson1986166.2C_182Meer1988266Mandela200482.E2.80.9384.2C_108.E2.80.93116Meredith2010281.E2.80.93283.2C_290.E2.80.93291Sampson2011206.E2.80.93207_144-0" rel="dc:references"> Kanti ebusuku wayefunda, efundela isiqu se-LLB, kanti futhi babenqatshelwa nokuthola amanyuziphepha, futhi yena wayekhiyelwa endaweni yakhe yedwa ekwi-solitary confinement izikhathi eziningi ngokutholakala eshushumbise izicashunywana ezinqanyulwe kumaphephandaba.<span class="mw-ref" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBenson1986174Mandela2004126Meredith2010299Sampson2011205.2C_258_145-0" rel="dc:references"> [145]   <span class="mw-ref" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBenson1986174Mandela2004126Meredith2010299Sampson2011205.2C_258_145-0" rel="dc:references"> Ekuqaleni wayebekwe kwizinga eliphansi kakhulu lobuboshwa lika-Class D, lokhu okusho ukuthi wayevunyelwe ukuvakashelwa kanye kanye nokuthola incwadi kanye ezinyangeni eziyisithupha, kanti futhi zonke ezinye izincwadi nemibhalo, wayengavunyelwe ukukuthola.<span class="mw-ref" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBenson1986169Mandela2004102.E2.80.93108Meredith2010283Sampson2011205_146-0" rel="dc:references"> [146]   <span class="mw-ref" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBenson1986169Mandela2004102.E2.80.93108Meredith2010283Sampson2011205_146-0" rel="dc:references"> Iziboshwa zezepolitiki, zazenza umsebenzi kanye nesiteleka sokudikila ukudla (hunger strikes) – kanti ukudikila ukudla kwakungelona isu elisebenza kahle, ngokubona kukaMandela – lokhu babekwenzela ukuthuthukisa isimo sasejele, kanti futhi lokhu bekubona njengengxenye yomzabalazo wokulwa nombuso wobandlululo.<span class="mw-ref" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBenson1986175Mandela200483.2C_90.2C_136.E2.80.93138Meredith2010284.2C_296.E2.80.93298_147-0" rel="dc:references"> [147]  <span class="mw-ref" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBenson1986175Mandela200483.2C_90.2C_136.E2.80.93138Meredith2010284.2C_296.E2.80.93298_147-0" rel="dc:references"> Iziboshwa ze-ANC, zamkhetha ukuba yingxenye  yekomidi eliphezulu elaziwa ngokutyi yi-"High Organ" labesilisa abane, okwakungo-Sisulu, uGovan Mbeki, kanye no-Raymond Mhlaba, kanti futhi wazibandanya neqembu elalimele zonke iziboshwa zezepolitiki esiqiwini le-Ulundi, kanti lokhku kwenza ukuthi baxhumane ne-PAC, kanye namalunga eqembu le-Yu Chi Chan Club.<span class="mw-ref" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMeredith2010298.E2.80.93299Sampson2011210.E2.80.93214_148-0" rel="dc:references"> [148]   <span class="mw-ref" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMeredith2010298.E2.80.93299Sampson2011210.E2.80.93214_148-0" rel="dc:references"> Ngokusungula iYunivesithi yesiqiwi i-"University of Robben Island", lapho khona zonke iziboshwa zazifundisa abanye emikhakheni ezinolwazi olunzulu kuyo, yena wayexoxa ngezihloko eziqondene nezenhlalisano nezepolitiki kumaqabane akhe.<span class="mw-ref" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMeredith2010292.E2.80.93295Sampson2011236.E2.80.93241.2C_288.E2.80.93294_149-0" rel="dc:references"> [149]   <span class="mw-ref" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMeredith2010292.E2.80.93295Sampson2011236.E2.80.93241.2C_288.E2.80.93294_149-0" rel="dc:references">