cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Andile Khumalo
U-Andile Khumalo (owazalwa ngomhlaka 12 Meyi 1978) ungumqambi wezingoma waseNingizimu Afrika futhi ungumfundisi wezomculo e- University of Witwatersrand. Ngo-2013, waphothula izifundo zakhe zeDoctor of Musical Arts eColumbia University ngaphansi kweso likaGeorge Lewis .Lapho wafunda noFabien Levy noTristan Murail. Ngaphambi kwe-DMA yakhe, uKhumalo wafunda ngaphansi kukaMarco Stroppa eStaatliche Hochschule für Musik und Darstellende Kunst Stuttgart (HMDKS) kanye noJürgen Bräuninger e- University of KwaZulu-Natal. Izingoma zikaKhumalo ikakhulukazi zisesitayeleni se-spectral.
Impilo yokuqala nemfundo
UKhumalo waqashwa njengomfundisi wethiyori yomculo,ukuqamba kanye ne-orchestration e-University of Witwatersrand ngo-2013.Ubuye futhi wasebenza eSterkfontein Composers Meeting futhi waba ngumfundisi weSouth African Society for Research in Music's new meeting.
Kondar, Thuniziya
IKondar ngumasipala futhi yidolobha elikwisifundazwe se Sousse, eThuniziya.
Kalâa Seghira
IKalâa Seghira ngumasipala futhi yidolobha elikwisifundazwe se Sousse, eThuniziya.
Cacuaco
ICacuaco yidolobha futhi ngumasipala okwisifundazwe se Luanda, e-Angola.
Arris, Batna
I-Arris ngumasipala futhi yidolobha elikwisifundazwe se Batna, e-Aljeriya.
Ukhahlamba
Ukhahlamba yizintaba ezinkulu kunazo zonke eNingizimu Afrika. Enkulu kunazo zonke itholakala oSotho, lapho ezaziwa khona ngokuthi Maloti. Ukhahlamba luphinde lwaziwe ngezimphophoma zalo eziningi, nemidwebo emigedeni eyadwetshwa ngama khoi khoi. UKhahlamba-Drakensberg Park, eyasungulwa ngonyaka ka 2000, iyi UNESCO World Heritage Site esingatha inxenye yalezi zintaba.
Ulimi lwesiNagri
Ulimi lwesiNagri' noma IsiSyloti' Ulimi lwase-Indorian olukhulunywa eSigodini saseSurma engxenyeni esenyakatho-mpumalanga ye-Bangladesh, eBarak. Isigodi esisenyakatho-mpumalanga indian isifunda Assam, kanye nesifunda esisenyakatho ye-Tripura ye-Tripura. Ulimi nalo lukhulunywa into ebalulekile inani labantu kwezinye izifundazwe ezisenyakatho-mpumalanga yeNdiya kanye naphakathi kwabafuduki baseNdiya baya United Kingdom. Okwamanje, abantu abayizigidi ezingu-8 bakhuluma lolu limi e-Bangladesh, abantu abayizigidi ezingu-3 e-India, kanye 300,000 nabantu base Umbuso Ohlangeneyo.
Andile Jho
U-Andile Jho ungumdlali wenyunyana yombhoxo waseNingizimu Afrika ogcine ukudlala ku Izindlovu Zesifundazwe SaseMpumalanga kwiCurrie Cup nakuRugby Challenge .Isikhundla sakhe esijwayelekile simaphakathi.
Ulimi lwesiNagri
Umlando Wolimi lwe-Sylhetti
I-Sylhetti diaspora, ehlanganisa ikakhulukazi abantu abafuduke besuka e-Sylhet baya Umbuso Ohlangeneyo, USA, Canada nase-Australia, isize ukukhuphula ulimi kuze kufike ezingeni lamazwe ngamazwe. kahle. Ngenxa yokufinyelela ezinkundleni zokuxhumana, lolu limi selufinyeleleka kalula kulabo abaluthakaselayo ngokolimi nangokwesiko lolu limi.
Andile Jho
Umsebenzi webhola lombhoxo
Udlale IBorder Bulldogs emiqhudelwaneni yentsha eyahlukahlukene phakathi kuka-2005 no-2010. Ukwenza kahle kwakhe kuholele ekutheni afakwe eqenjini laseNingizimu Afrika labaneminyaka engaphansi kwengu-16 Elite ngo-2008, ku-Under-18 High Performance squads ngo-2009 nango-2010 nasesouth Schools ngo-2009.
Ulimi lwesiNagri
Izici zolimi lwe-Sylhetti
Onkamisa bolimi lwesiSylheti bahlukile kwezinye izilimi zaseMpumalanga. Ihluke kakhulu ngokwe-pronunciation, ifonetiki, magama kanye uhlelo lolimi kwezinye izilimi zaseMpumalanga. Isilulumagama se-Sylheti siboleka kakhulu amagama kweminye imindeni yezilimi, okuhlanganisa isi-Hindi, isi-Urdu kanye nesi-Arabic. Izici eziyingqayizivele zalolu limi, kanye nezincwadi zalo ezinothile, ziye zaholela ekuvuseleleni umdlandla weSylheti phakathi kwesizukulwane esisha. Naphezu kokusibekela izilimi ezisemthethweni, isiSylheti sisakhulunywa izigidi zabantu e-Bangladesh, e-India kanye nasemiphakathini yaseSylhetti ediaspora emhlabeni jikelele.
Chellala District
IChellala yisifunda esingaphansi kwesifundazwe se El Bayadh, e-Aljeriya.
Ulimi lwesiNagri
Ngokwezindawo
[[File:Sylheti world.jpg|thumb|upright=1.2|Izikhulumi zolimi lwesiNagri emhlabeni jikelele.
Andile Jho
Umsebenzi webhola lombhoxo
Ngemuva kwalokho wajoyina IBlue Bulls academy, ebadlalela ezingeni lika-Under-19 ngo-2011 no-Under-21 level ngo-2012.
Ulimi lwesiNagri
Ngokwezindawo
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Butajira
IButajira yidolobha futhi yi-woreda engaphansi kwesifundazwe se SNNPR, e-Itiyopiya.
Andile Jho
Umsebenzi webhola lombhoxo
Ngo-2013, wajoyina i- Amakhosi Esifundazwe SaseMpumalanga. Wafakwa esikwatini seVodacom Cup sango-2013, lapho ayengasetshenziswanga ukubamba iqhaza U-Pampas XV, kodwa wenza i-debut yakhe ngokumelene IFree State XV.
Mwatate Constituency
IMwatate yisifunda esingaphansi kwesifundazwe se Taita–Taveta, eKhenya.
Andile Jho
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Ungumfowabo omdala kaSomila Jho, naye owadlalela umbhoxo wesigaba sokuqala i Amakhosi Esifundazwe SaseMpumalanga .Ngo-14 Meyi 2016, laba bazalwane bobabili badlala ndawonye emdlalweni wekilasi lokuqala okokuqala lapho beqokwa njengendawo yokuqala yokubhangqa ukuhlulwa kwabo kweziqu zeCurrie Cup ngo-2016 Isifundazwe saseNtshonalanga eKapa .U-Andile ushaye i-try yakhe yokuqala enkulu kulo mdlalo ngokuhlulwa ngo-10-50.
El Bayadh District
I-El Bayadh yisifunda esingaphansi kwesifundazwe se El Bayadh, e-Aljeriya.
N'Gaous
IN'Gaous ngumasipala futhi yidolobha elikwisifundazwe se Batna, e-Aljeriya.
Kalongo
IKalongo yidolobha elikwisifundazwe se Northern, eYuganda.
Rogassa District
IRogassa yisifunda esingaphansi kwesifundazwe se El Bayadh, e-Aljeriya.
Andile Mngxitama
UJohn Andile Mngxitama ngusopolitiki waseNingizimu Afrika osebenza njengomengameli weqembu leBlack First Land First kusukela ngo-Okthoba 2015. Phambilini wayeyilungu le- Economic Freedom Fighters, wasebenza njengelungu lePhalamende Likazwelonke laseNingizimu Afrika leqembu kusukela ngoMeyi 2014 waze waxoshwa ngo-Ephreli 2015.
Umsebenzi wezepolitiki
UMngxitama ujoyine i- Economic Freedom Fighters ezinsukwini zayo zokuqala ngo-2013 wabekwa endaweni yeshumi ohlwini lwabazongenela ukhetho lukazwelonke okhethweni lwangoMeyi 2014 .Ufungiswe njengoba iLungu kuSigungu Savelonkhe 21 Meyi 2014 futhi wabelwa eKomidi abhekele Wezokuthuthukiswa Kwezindawo Zasemakhaya Nezinguquko Kwezomhlaba ngoJuni 2014.
Engqungqutheleni yobuholi be-EFF ngoDisemba 2014, uMngxitama wenqaba ukuphakanyiswa kwesikhundla sokuba seCentral Command Team yaleli qembu. Ube eseqala ukungaphatheki kahle ngobuholi obusha beqembu. NgoFebhuwari 2015, wasola umholi weqembu uJulius Malema nephini lakhe uFloyd Shivambu ngokwenza isivumelwano ne- African National Congress ukuqeda amalungu e-EFF ayisikhombisa. Ngo-13 Ephreli, uMngxitama waxoshwa ku-EFF futhi walahlekelwa yilungu lobulungu bephalamende ngokuya ngokwesigaba 47 (3) (c) soMthethosisekelo.
Ngo-Okthoba wonyaka ofanayo, wasungula iqembu leBlack First Land First. Iqembu licabangele ukungenela ukhetho lomasipala lwango-2016. Abazange bayibambe.UMngxitama ube ngumsekeli wezwi lomndeni wakwaGupta osenkingeni enkabeni ye- state capture eNingizimu Afrika. Ngesikhathi uchungechunge lwama-imeyili olubizwa ngokuthi yiGupta Leaks luphuma lubonisa ngobudlelwano bomndeni obukhohlakele nokubandakanyeka ekusebenziseni ipolitiki yaseNingizimu Afrika, kwavela ukuthi uMngitxama wayecele lo mndeni imali yokuxhasa iBlack First Land First.
Iqembu laphikisana nokhetho lukazwelonke lwangoMeyi 2019 futhi aluzange lunqunyelwe muntu ePhalamende noma kuzishayamthetho zezifundazwe eziyisishiyagalolunye.NgoJulayi, i-IEC yamemezela ukuthi kuchithwa ukubhaliswa kweqembu, kulandela isicelo se- Freedom Front Plus. Iqembu lisidlulisile lesi sinqumo kodwa lasekelwa ngoNovemba.
Kalisizo
IKalisizo yidolobha elikwisifundazwe se Central, eYuganda.
Thando
UThando igama elinikezwa ubulili bonke, elivamile eningizimu ye-Afrika, okusho ukuthi "uthando".Kungabhekisa ku:
Kalungu, Yuganda
IKalungu yidolobha elikwisifundazwe se Central, eYuganda. Leli dolobha liyisiqongo sesifunda se Kalungu.
Andile Ngcaba
UNgcaba owazalwa ngomhlaka-12 Juni 1956, eDuncan Village, e-East London (esifundazweni sase-Eastern Cape) uhlala eGoli naseMountain View, eCalifornia.
Ungusihlalo,umsunguli nomninimasheya omningi weqembu lotshalo-mali iConvergence Partners futhi uphinde waba nguSihlalo oPhethe weDimension Data Middle East nase-Afrika, inkampani engaphansi kweDimension Data plc Group, esanda kutholwa yiNippon Telegraph kanye neTelefoni Inhlangano (NTT) 1. Ngabalingani beConvergence, uNgcaba ubambe iqhaza ezinhlelweni ezintsha zengqalasizinda yezokuxhumana kulo lonke elase-Afrika kufaka phakathi iSeacom (uhlelo lokuqala lwentambo ye-undersea fiber optic esebenzela i-East Coast yase-Afrika) eyayilungele ukusebenza ngomhlaka 23 Julayi 2009, isathelayithi yokuqala yezinkampani ezizimele e-Afrika (Intelsat INew Dawn) eyethulwe ngomhlaka 22 Ephreli 2011, umsebenzi ohlanganyelwe wokuletha amandla aphezulu, i-fiber yomhlaba omude eNingizimu Afrika (i-FibreCo) futhi muva nje ubambiswano olusha neGoogle lokutshala imali ku-CSquared, inkampani yengqalasizinda ye-broadband ekomkhulu layo eNairobi, EKenya.
UNgcaba phambilini wayeyisishoshovu esasihambisana ne- African National Congress ngesikhathi somzabalazo wokulwa nobandlululo, ngemuva kwalokho waba nguMqondisi Jikelele Wezokuxhumana kuhulumeni wokuqala wentando yeningi waseNingizimu Afrika ngo-1994. Ushiye kuHulumeni ngo-2003 wayofundela umsebenzi emkhakheni ozimele.
M'saken
IM'saken ngumasipala futhi yidolobha elikwisifundazwe se Sousse, eThuniziya.
Andile Lili
U-Andile Lili ungowaseNingizimu Afrika osebenze njengelungu lePhalamende Lesifundazwe saseNtshonalanga Kapa kusukela ngoMeyi 2019, emele i- African National Congress. Ungumkhulumeli weqembu kwezokuhlaliswa kwabantu. Phambilini wayeyikhansela leDolobha laseKapa.
Ngo-2013,uLili waxoshwa njengekhansela ngemuva kokuthi ehole ababhikishi ukuba baphonse indle yabantu ezinyathelweni zebhilidi likahulumeni wesifundazwe nasesikhumulweni sezindiza saseKapa. Wabe esesungula iSes'khona People's Rights Movement.Wakhethwa esikhundleni sokuphatha i-ANC esifundazweni ngo-2015. ULili ubuyele emkhandlwini ngemuva kokhetho lwango-2016.
Illizi District
I-Illizi yisifunda esingaphansi kwesifundazwe se Illizi, e-Aljeriya.
Cazenga
ICazenga yidolobha futhi ngumasipala okwisifundazwe se Luanda, e-Angola.
Endegagn
I-Endegagn yi-woreda engaphansi kwesifundazwe se SNNPR, e-Itiyopiya.
Thando Bula
UThando Bula (owazalwa ngomhlaka 7 Januwari 1981) ungumdlali wekhilikithi wokuqala waseNingizimu Afrika.Wafakwa eqenjini leqembu lekhilikithi laseMpumalanga le -Africa T20 Cup ka-2015.
Ouésso District
I-Ouésso yisifunda esikhulu esingaphansi kwesifundazwe se Sangha, eKhongo-Brazzaville.
Enemorina Eaner
I-Enemorina Eaner yi-woreda engaphansi kwesifundazwe se SNNPR, e-Itiyopiya.
Batna, Aljeriya
IBatna ngumasipala futhi yinhlokodolobha yesifundazwe se Batna, e-Aljeriya.
Garissa Township Constituency
IGarissa Township yisifunda esingaphansi kwesifundazwe se Garissa, eKhenya.
Missenyi District
IMissenyi yisifunda esingaphansi kwesifundazwe se Kagera, eThanzaniya.
Sidi Bou Ali
ISidi Bou Ali ngumasipala futhi yidolobha elikwisifundazwe se Sousse, eThuniziya.
Kaliro
IKaliro yidolobha elikwisifundazwe se Eastern, eYuganda. Leli dolobha liyisiqongo sesifunda se Kaliro.
Ben Foudhala El Hakania
I-Ben Foudhala El Hakania ngumasipala futhi yidolobha elikwisifundazwe se Batna, e-Aljeriya.
Dadaab Constituency
IDadaab yisifunda esingaphansi kwesifundazwe se Garissa, eKhenya.
Sousse Jawhara
ISousse Jawhara ngumasipala futhi yidolobha elikwisifundazwe se Sousse, eThuniziya.
Thando Sikwila
Thandolwethu Emily uNomvula Sikwila, eyaziwa mononymously njengo Thando, umculi wengoma kanye nom mlingisi ohlala e Melbourne, Victoria.Ungishiya enhle kakhulu ngoba ukubukeka kwakhe ku uchungechunge yesithathu ka The Voice Australia, futhi ekuvezeni wakhe ka Effie White ekukhiqizeni wokuqala Australia zochwepheshe Dreamgirls eyethulwe StageArt.
Isiqalo sokuphila
UThando wazalelwa kwaBulawayo, eZimbabwe ngomhlaka 9 Ephreli 1993 kubazali uNokuthula noVictor Sikwila. UThando ukhuluma izilimi ezimbili ukwazi ukukhuluma isiNdebele.
Kamwenge
IKamwenge yidolobha elikwisifundazwe se Western, eYuganda. Leli dolobha liyisiqongo sesifunda se Kamwenge.
Thando Hopa
UThando Hopa (owazalwa ngo-1989 eSebokeng ) uyimodeli yaseNingizimu Afrika, isishoshovu kanye nommeli. Ungowesifazane wokuqala one- albinism ukuba <i id="mwCg">sembozweni yeVogue</i> .Ngenkathi esebenza njengomshushisi, wahlolisiswa nguGert-Johan Coetzee ukuba asebenze njengesibonelo. IHopa ihlose ukuveza ubu-albino ngendlela enhle.Walingiswa njengeNkosazana Yezinhliziyo Kukhalenda likaPirelli lika- 2018, waba ngumuntu wokuqala waseNingizimu Afrika onebala ukuvela kulo. Ngo-2018, uHopa wahlonishwa ngomklomelo wabesifazane abayi -100 ovela kwi- BBC ngokuhlukahluka kwakhe kanye nokukhuthaza ukumbandakanya.
Geta (woreda)
IGeta yi-woreda engaphansi kwesifundazwe se SNNPR, e-Itiyopiya.
Wadi Halfa
IWadi Halfa yidolobha elikwisifundazwe se Northern, eSudan.
Muleba District
IMuleba yisifunda esingaphansi kwesifundazwe se Kagera, eThanzaniya.
Wad Madani
IWad Madani noma Madani yidolobha eliyisiqongo sesifundazwe se Gezira, eSudan.
Djambala
IDjambala yidolobha elikwisifundazwe se Plateaux, eKhongo-Brazzaville.
Aïn Taghrout District
I-Aïn Taghrout yisifunda esingaphansi kwesifundazwe se Bordj Bou Arréridj, e-Aljeriya.
Bordj Bou Arréridj District
IBordj Bou Arréridj yisifunda esingaphansi kwesifundazwe se Bordj Bou Arréridj, e-Aljeriya.
In Amenas District
I-In Amenas yisifunda esingaphansi kwesifundazwe se Illizi, e-Aljeriya.
Andile Yenana
Iminyaka yokuqala
Uthando lomculo luka-Andile, owazalwa ngo-1968 eKing William's Town, lwaqala esemncane. Wakhulela emndenini owawuthandwa kakhulu umculo. Ubaba wakhe, uFelix Thamsanqa Yenana, ubeneqoqo elikhulu lomculo, kusuka ku-jazz kuya eMotown, nezinye izinhlobo zomculo omnyama wasedolobheni futhi lokhu kwaba nomthelela omkhulu empilweni ka-Andile. U-Andile wenza izifundo zomculo ngaphansi kukaDarius Brubeck eUniversity of Natal 's School of Jazz and Popular Music Kulapho ke aba ngumngani nomculi we-saxophon uZim Ngqawana nomshayi wecilongo uFeya Faku.
Ujoyine i-quartet kaZim Ngqawana wasebenza noZim Ngqawana kuwo wonke ama-albhamu akhe ama-5, kufaka phakathi iSan Song eqoshwe noBjorn Ole Solburg neSan Ensemble yakhe yaseNorway.Uke wasebenza futhi ne-pan-African music project Mahube nomculi we-saxophonist uSteve Dyer nabanye. Ubuye wasebenza njengomhleli weSibongile Khumalo, uGloria Bosman noSuthukazi Arosi. Ngo-2005 wakhethwa njengo-2005 Standard Bank Young Artist weJazz.
Bétou
IBétou yidolobha elikwisifundazwe se Likouala, eKhongo-Brazzaville.
Draa Etine
IDraa Etine ngumasipala futhi yidolobha elikwisifundazwe se Batna, e-Aljeriya.
Kanoni
IKanoni noma Kanoni–Gomba yidolobha elikwisifundazwe se Central, eYuganda. Leli dolobha liyisiqongo sesifunda se Gomba.
Sousse Médina
ISousse Médina ngumasipala futhi yidolobha elikwisifundazwe se Sousse, eThuniziya.
Kanungu
IKanungu yidolobha elikwisifundazwe se Western, eYuganda. Leli dolobha liyisiqongo sesifunda se Kanungu.
Kamuli
IKamuli yidolobha elikwisifundazwe se Eastern, eYuganda. Leli dolobha liyisiqongo sesifunda se Kamuli.
Kebena (woreda)
IKebena yi-woreda engaphansi kwesifundazwe se SNNPR, e-Itiyopiya.
Luanda Municipality
ILuanda ngumasipala okwisifundazwe se Luanda, e-Angola. Ngonyaka ka-2014, inani labantu elalingaphansi kwalo masipala kwakuyizi-2,194,747. Ubukhulu bendawo yalo masipala ngamakhilomitha ayi-116.
Fafi Constituency
IFafi yisifunda esingaphansi kwesifundazwe se Garissa, eKhenya.
Mlele District
IMlele yisifunda esingaphansi kwesifundazwe se Katavi, eThanzaniya.
Umm Badr
I-Umm Badr yidolobha elikwisifundazwe se North Kordofan, eSudan.
Quiçama
IQuiçama yidolobha futhi ngumasipala okwisifundazwe se Luanda, e-Angola.
Gumer (woreda)
IGumer yi-woreda engaphansi kwesifundazwe se SNNPR, e-Itiyopiya.
Sousse Riadh
ISousse Riadh ngumasipala futhi yidolobha elikwisifundazwe se Sousse, eThuniziya.
Bir Kasd Ali District
I-Bir Kasd Ali yisifunda esingaphansi kwesifundazwe se Bordj Bou Arréridj, e-Aljeriya.
Ezha (woreda)
I-Ezha yi-woreda engaphansi kwesifundazwe se SNNPR, e-Itiyopiya.
Balambala Constituency
IBalambala yisifunda esingaphansi kwesifundazwe se Garissa, eKhenya.
Umm Dam
I-Umm Dam yidolobha elikwisifundazwe se North Kordofan, eSudan.
Kinkala
IKinkala yidolobha eliyisiqongo sesifundazwe se Pool, eKhongo-Brazzaville.
Makabana
IMakabana yidolobha elincane elikwisifundazwe se Niari, eKhongo-Brazzaville.
Viana, Luanda
IViana yidolobha futhi ngumasipala okwisifundazwe se Luanda, e-Angola.
Bordj Ghedir District
IBordj Ghedir yisifunda esingaphansi kwesifundazwe se Bordj Bou Arréridj, e-Aljeriya.
Bitam, Batna
IBitam ngumasipala futhi yidolobha elikwisifundazwe se Batna, e-Aljeriya.
Lagdera Constituency
ILagdera yisifunda esingaphansi kwesifundazwe se Garissa, eKhenya.
Boumagueur
IBoumagueur ngumasipala futhi yidolobha elikwisifundazwe se Batna, e-Aljeriya.
Ícolo e Bengo
I-Ícolo e Bengo yidolobha futhi ngumasipala okwisifundazwe se Luanda, e-Angola.
Tarbaj Constituency
ITarbaj yisifunda esingaphansi kwesifundazwe se Wajir, eKhenya.
Thando Thabethe
UThando Thabethe (owazalwa ngomhlaka-18 Juni 1990) ungumlingisi waseNingizimu Afrika, umlingisi we- TV kanye no-Radio DJ owayengumsakazi wohlelo lwethelevishini uThando Bares All esiteshini se-TLC kanye nomshayeli wesikhathi sokushayela ku-947.Uyinxusa lokuqala lomkhiqizo likaNivea e-Afrika. Ngo-2019, uThando waqokwa njengomunye wabangu-30 abangaphansi kuka-30 <i id="mwEg">beForbes</i> Africa. Ungumphathi we-947 Drive With Thando.
Impilo yokuqala nemfundo
Ngemuva kokuphothula izifundo zakhe zamabanga aphakeme, uThando wafunda eNyuvesi yaseGoli, lapho athola khona iziqu zeBachelor of Commerce (BCom. Iziqu ze-Accounting ngo-2011. UThabethe wayehlala nomama wakhe yedwa iminyaka eminingi yobusha njengoba ubaba wakhe adlula emhlabeni eneminyaka engu-13.
UThabethe ubambe iqhaza emidlalweni yeshashalazi ngeminyaka yakhe yobusha ngaphambi kokuthola indima yakhe yokuqala ye-TV eneminyaka engu-14. Ubuye wabamba iqhaza emidlalweni yeshashalazi e-UJ Arts Centre ngenkathi eyunivesithi wasebenza e- UJFM, isiteshi somsakazo somphakathi esizinze e- University of Johannesburg, waqala njengomfundi wezindaba futhi kamuva waba ngu-DJ womsakazo.
Boulhilat
IBoulhilat ngumasipala futhi yidolobha elikwisifundazwe se Batna, e-Aljeriya.
Mpanda District
IMpanda yisifunda esingaphansi kwesifundazwe se Katavi, eThanzaniya.
Ijara Constituency
I-Ijara yisifunda esingaphansi kwesifundazwe se Garissa, eKhenya.
Fesdis
IFesdis ngumasipala futhi yidolobha elikwisifundazwe se Batna, e-Aljeriya.
Umm Bel
I-Umm Bel yidolobha elikwisifundazwe se South Kordofan, eSudan.
Sousse Sidi Abdelhamid
ISousse Sidi Abdelhamid  ngumasipala futhi yidolobha elikwisifundazwe se Sousse, eThuniziya.
Ewo, Khongo-Brazzaville
I-Ewo yisigodi esikwisifundazwe se Cuvette-Ouest, eKhongo-Brazzaville.
Bordj Zemmoura District
IBordj Zemmoura yisifunda esingaphansi kwesifundazwe se Bordj Bou Arréridj, e-Aljeriya.
Kokir Gedebano
IKokir Gedebano noma Gedebano Gutazer Welene yi-woreda engaphansi kwesifundazwe se SNNPR, e-Itiyopiya.
Katakwi
IKatakwi yidolobha elikwisifundazwe se Eastern, eYuganda. Leli dolobha liyisiqongo sesifunda se Katakwi.
Zaouiet Sousse
IZaouiet Sousse ngumasipala futhi yidolobha elikwisifundazwe se Sousse, eThuniziya.
Meskane (woreda)
IMeskane noma Meskan yi-woreda engaphansi kwesifundazwe se SNNPR, e-Itiyopiya.
Kayunga
IKayunga yidolobha elikwisifundazwe se Central, eYuganda. Leli dolobha liyisiqongo sesifunda se Kayunga.
Buhigwe District
IBuhigwe yisifunda esingaphansi kwesifundazwe se Kigoma, eThanzaniya.
Mpanda
IMpanda yidolobha futhi yisifunda esingaphansi kwesifundazwe se Katavi, eThanzaniya.
Suakin
ISuakin yidolobha elikwisifundazwe se Red Sea, eSudan.
Mareko (woreda)
IMareko yi-woreda engaphansi kwesifundazwe se SNNPR, e-Itiyopiya.
Zaouia-Ksiba-Thrayet
IZaouia-Ksiba-Thrayet ngumasipala futhi yidolobha elikwisifundazwe se Sousse, eThuniziya.
Wajir North Constituency
IWajir North yisifunda esingaphansi kwesifundazwe se Wajir, eKhenya.
Shendi
IShendi noma Shandi yidolobha elikwisifundazwe se River Nile, eSudan.
Wajir South Constituency
IWajir South yisifunda esingaphansi kwesifundazwe se Wajir, eKhenya.
Bouzina
IBouzina ngumasipala futhi yidolobha elikwisifundazwe se Batna, e-Aljeriya.
Boumia, Aljeriya
IBoumia ngumasipala futhi yidolobha elikwisifundazwe se Batna, e-Aljeriya.
Etoumbi
I-Etoumbi yidolobha elikwisifundazwe se Cuvette-Ouest, eKhongo-Brazzaville.
Kapchorwa
IKapchorwa yidolobha elikwisifundazwe se Eastern, eYuganda. Leli dolobha liyisiqongo sesifunda se Kapchorwa.
Caungula
ICaungula yidolobha futhi ngumasipala okwisifundazwe se Lunda Norte, e-Angola.
Kibingo, Yuganda
IKibingo yidolobha elikwisifundazwe se Western, eYuganda. Leli dolobha liyisiqongo sesifunda se Sheema.
Chitato
IChitato yidolobha futhi ngumasipala okwisifundazwe se Lunda Norte, e-Angola.
Wajir East Constituency
IWajir East yisifunda esingaphansi kwesifundazwe se Wajir, eKhenya.
Sennar
ISennar yidolobha eliyisiqongo sesifundazwe se Sennar, eSudan.
Soddo (woreda)
ISoddo yi-woreda engaphansi kwesifundazwe se SNNPR, e-Itiyopiya.
Muhor Na Aklil
IMuhor Na Aklil yi-woreda engaphansi kwesifundazwe se SNNPR, e-Itiyopiya.
Singa, Sudan
ISinga yidolobha elikwisifundazwe se Sennar, eSudan.
Capenda-Camulemba
ICapenda-Camulemba yidolobha futhi ngumasipala okwisifundazwe se Lunda Norte, e-Angola.
El Hamadia District
I-El Hamadia yisifunda esingaphansi kwesifundazwe se Bordj Bou Arréridj, e-Aljeriya.
Messaadine
IMessaadine ngumasipala futhi yidolobha elikwisifundazwe se Sousse, eThuniziya.
Kibaale
IKibaale yidolobha elikwisifundazwe se Western, eYuganda. Leli dolobha liyisiqongo sesifunda se Kibaale.
Djaâfra District
IDjaâfra yisifunda esingaphansi kwesifundazwe se Bordj Bou Arréridj, e-Aljeriya.
Eldas Constituency
I-Eldas yisifunda esingaphansi kwesifundazwe se Wajir, eKhenya.
Djerma, Aljeriya
IDjerma ngumasipala futhi yidolobha elikwisifundazwe se Batna, e-Aljeriya.
Kasulu
IKasulu yidolobha futhi yisifunda esingaphansi kwesifundazwe se Kigoma, eThanzaniya.
Chemora
IChemora ngumasipala futhi yidolobha elikwisifundazwe se Batna, e-Aljeriya.
Ezzouhour, Sousse
I-Ezzouhour ngumasipala futhi yidolobha elikwisifundazwe se Sousse, eThuniziya.
Medjana District
IMedjana yisifunda esingaphansi kwesifundazwe se Bordj Bou Arréridj, e-Aljeriya.
Kibondo District
IKibondo yisifunda esingaphansi kwesifundazwe se Kigoma, eThanzaniya.
Lafey Constituency
ILafey yisifunda esingaphansi kwesifundazwe se Mandera, eKhenya.
Mandera West Constituency
IMandera West yisifunda esingaphansi kwesifundazwe se Mandera, eKhenya.
IsiThununu
Isithununu siyinguxa- ehleleliseka ngesiCikizi- ekwazi ukugununda uchunge lwemisebenzi eyinkimbinkimbi ngokuhleleleka. Isithununu singalawulwa ngesiLekeleli esingaphandle kwaso, noma silawulwe isiLekeleli esifakwe ngaphakathi kuso. Izithununu zingakhiwa zifane nommomo womuntu, kodwa iningi lezithununu ziyizinguxa zokwenza imisebenzi, eziklanyelwe ukugxila kwezikwenzayo, kunokuba ezinombalazi oncomekayo. Izithununu zingaba ngezihlelekiwe noma ezihlelelekwe kancane futhi zihluka kusuka kwezisamuntu ezifana nesakwaHonda esibizwa uASIMO noma esakwa-TOSY esibizwa TOPIO, kuya kuzithununu zezimboni, izithununu zokuhlinza, izithununu ezisiza iziguli, izithununu zokwelapha izinja, izithununu eziwuswebezane oluhleleliswe ndawonye, izidongoyi kanye nezithununu ezincane kakhulu. Ngokulingisa ummomo wento ephilayo noma iminyakazo eyinhleleleko, isithununu singadlulisa umuzwa wokuba nobuhlakani noma imicabango ngokwaso. Izinto ezinenhleleleko zilindeleke ukuba zande esikhathini esizayo, lapho izithununu zasendlini kanye nezimoto ezinehleleleko kuzoba yizo eziholayo.
Isigaba sezobuchwepheshe esibhekene nokuklanywa, ukwakhiwa, ukugidinga, nokusebenza kwezithununu, kanye nezinhlelo zesiCikizi zokuzilawula, ukubika kweziNzwi, kanye nokucubungula ukwaziswa sibizwa ngokuthi ezobuthununu. Lobubuchwepheshe bubhekene nezinguxa ezihlelelekiwe nezingathatha isikhundla sabantu ezimweni eziyingozi noma ezinqubweni zokukhiqiza, noma zifuze abantu ngommomo, ukucondoza, noma ukuqonda. Iningi lezithununu zanamuhla zivele ngenxa yokunikela kwemvelo emkhakheni wezobuthununu obu-bio-inspired. Lezi zithununu sezidale isigaba esisha sezobuthununu: ezobuthununu ezithambile.
Kusuka ngesikhathi sempucuko yasendulo, bekunemibiko yezilekeleli ezihlelelekelwe ukuhlelwa ozisebenzisayo kanye nezihlelelekwa ezifuze abantu noma ezinye izilwane, ngokuyinhloko eziklanyelwe ukunandisa. Njengoba ubunyoninco bezinguba buthuthuka ngesikhathi seminyaka yezimboni, kwavela izinsebenziso zokwenza ezifana nezinguxa ezihlelelekiwe, izilawuli buqamama nezilawuli buqamama ezingenantambo.
Igama elithi "isithununu" liqhamuka kwelesizulu elisho 'umuntu uyisigqila, obukelwa phansi, ongathathwa njengomuntu.'
Isithununu sokuqala sesimanje sezezibhangqiwe futhi esihlelelisekayo saqanjwa nguGeorge Devol ngowe-1954.
Izithununu sezithathe isikhundla sabantu ekwenzeni imisebenzi ephindaphindayo neyingozi leyo abantu abangayithandi, noma leyo abahluleka ukuyenza ngenxa yemikhawulo yobungako, noma eyenzelwa ezimweni ezibucayi njengasemkhathini noma ekujuleni kolwandle. Kunezikhalazo mayelana nokwanda kokusetshenizswa kwezithununu nendima yazo emphakathini. Kugxekwa izithununu ngokukhuphuka kokungaqashwa kwezobuchwepheshe njengoba zithathele abantu imisebenzi. Ukusetshenziswa kwezithununu empini nakho kuphakamisa izikhalazo zemicondozo. Amathuba wokuzimela nezishayo ezingase zibe khona sekuye kwaphathwa ezinganekweni futhi kungaba izikhalazo zangempela ngomuso.
Lubalo
ILubalo yidolobha futhi ngumasipala okwisifundazwe se Lunda Norte, e-Angola.
Ana Lemo
I-Ana Lemo yi-woreda engaphansi kwesifundazwe se SNNPR, e-Itiyopiya.
Welkite
IWelkite yidolobha futhi yi-woreda engaphansi kwesifundazwe se SNNPR, e-Itiyopiya.
Duna (woreda)
IDuna yi-woreda engaphansi kwesifundazwe se SNNPR, e-Itiyopiya.
Djezar
IDjezar ngumasipala futhi yidolobha elikwisifundazwe se Batna, e-Aljeriya.
Ghomrassen
IGhomrassen ngumasipala futhi yidolobha elikwisifundazwe se Tataouine, eThuniziya.
Remada
IRemada ngumasipala futhi yidolobha elikwisifundazwe se Tataouine, eThuniziya.
Cuilo
ICuilo yidolobha futhi ngumasipala okwisifundazwe se Lunda Norte, e-Angola.
Kiruhura, Yuganda
IKiruhura yidolobha elikwisifundazwe se Western, eYuganda. Leli dolobha likhulu kunawo wonke amadolobha asesifundeni se Kiruhura.
Mansourah District (Bordj Bou Arréridj)
IMansourah yisifunda esingaphansi kwesifundazwe se Bordj Bou Arréridj, e-Aljeriya.
Baghlia District
IBaghlia yisifunda esingaphansi kwesifundazwe se Boumerdès, e-Aljeriya.
Loukoléla
ILoukoléla yidolobha elikwisifundazwe se Cuvette, eKhongo-Brazzaville.
Sousse
ISousse noma Soussa ngumasipala futhi yidolobhakazi eliyisiqongo sesifundazwe se Sousse, eThuniziya.
Mandera South Constituency
IMandera South yisifunda esingaphansi kwesifundazwe se Mandera, eKhenya.
Kellé, Khongo-Brazzaville
IKellé yidolobha elikwisifundazwe se Cuvette-Ouest, eKhongo-Brazzaville.
Enyellé
I-Enyellé yidolobha elikwisifundazwe se Likouala, eKhongo-Brazzaville.
Umm Ruwaba
I-Umm Ruwaba noma Umm Ruaba yidolobha elikwisifundazwe se North Kordofan, eSudan.
Ed Dueim
I-Ed Dueim yidolobha elikwisifundazwe se White Nile, eSudan.
Kigoma
IKigoma yidolobha futhi yisifunda esingaphansi kwesifundazwe se Kigoma, eThanzaniya.
Kihihi
IKihihi yidolobha elikwisifundazwe se Western, eYuganda. Ngobukhulu benani labantu leli dolobha lilandela i-Kanungu.
Mandera North Constituency
IMandera North yisifunda esingaphansi kwesifundazwe se Mandera, eKhenya.
Kasulu District
IKasulu yisifunda esingaphansi kwesifundazwe se Kigoma, eThanzaniya.
Kiryandongo
IKiryandongo yidolobha elikwisifundazwe se Western, eYuganda. Leli dolobha liyisiqongo sesifunda se Kiryandongo.
Muglad
IMuglad yidolobha elikwisifundazwe se West Kordofan, eSudan.
Boudouaou District
IBoudouaou yisifunda esingaphansi kwesifundazwe se Boumerdès, e-Aljeriya.
Hai District
IHai yisifunda esingaphansi kwesifundazwe se Kilimanjaro, eThanzaniya.
Koboko
IKoboko yidolobha elikwisifundazwe se Northern, eYuganda. Leli dolobha liyisiqongo sesifunda se Koboko.
Smâr
ISmâr ngumasipala futhi yidolobha elikwisifundazwe se Tataouine, eThuniziya.
Lucapa
ILucapa yidolobha futhi ngumasipala okwisifundazwe se Lunda Norte, e-Angola.
Dehiba
IDehiba ngumasipala futhi yidolobha elikwisifundazwe se Tataouine, eThuniziya.
Tataouine North
ITataouine North ngumasipala futhi yidolobha elikwisifundazwe se Tataouine, eThuniziya.
Bordj Ménaïel District
IBordj Menaïel yisifunda esingaphansi kwesifundazwe se Boumerdès, e-Aljeriya.
Kigoma Rural District
IKigoma Rural yisifunda esingaphansi kwesifundazwe se Kigoma, eThanzaniya.
Banissa Constituency
IBanissa yisifunda esingaphansi kwesifundazwe se Mandera, eKhenya.
Cacolo
ICacolo yidolobha futhi ngumasipala okwisifundazwe se Lunda Sul, e-Angola.
Merowe, Sudan
IMerowe yidolobha elikwisifundazwe se Northern, eSudan.
Bir Lahmar
IBir Lahmar ngumasipala futhi yidolobha elikwisifundazwe se Tataouine, eThuniziya.
Uvinza District
I-Uvinza noma Neu Gottorp yidolobha futhi yisifunda esingaphansi kwesifundazwe se Kigoma, eThanzaniya.
INguxa
INguxa iyisimiso esiphathekayo esisebenzisa isidlakalasi ukuze sifake iziphoqi futhi silawule ukudikiza ukuze senze umsebenzi. Leli bizo livame ukusetshenziswa ezilekelelini, ezifana nalezo ezisebenzisa ezinjini nezidikizisi. Izinguxa zingashayelwa izilwane nabantu, zingalawulwa iziphoqi zemvelo ezifana nesivungu namanzi, futhi zingalawulwa isidlakalasi sevanga, umchadamezo noma amaZuba, futhi zihlanganisa izimiso zobunguxa ezibumba amagalelo eZenzi ukufezekisa umsebenzi ocacisiwe wemiphumela yeziphoqi nomdiki. Izinguxa zingahlanganisa neziCikizi neziNzwi ezilusa ukusebenza futhi zisongoze umdiki, ngokuvamile ezibizwa ngokuthi izinhlelo zobunguxa.
Wajir West Constituency
IWajir West yisifunda esingaphansi kwesifundazwe se Wajir, eKhenya.
INguxa
Izazi zefilosofi engokwemvelo zeMveselelo zihlonze iziNguxa eyisithupha ezilula okwakuyizilekeleli eziyisisekelo ezifaka umthwalo kumdiki, futhi zabala isilinganiso sesiphoqi esiwumphumela ngesiphoqi segalelo, namuhla okwaziwa ngokuthi uMenzelelo wobuNguxa.
Dala, Angola
IDala yidolobha futhi ngumasipala okwisifundazwe se Lunda Sul, e-Angola.
INguxa
Izinguxa zanamuhla ziyizimiso eziyinkimbinkimbi ezihlanganisa izici zohlaka, ukusebenza kobunguxa nezigcoyi zokulawula futhi zihlanganisa izixhakasimo (interfaces) zokuzisebenzisa kalula. Izibonelo zihlanganisa: izinhlobo ezihlukene zezithuthi, izimoto, izikebhe nezindiza; izilekeleli zasendlini nasehhovisi (home and office appliances), ezihlanganisa izicikizi, iziphathamoya zezakhiwo nomthumbelo wamanzi (water handling systems); kanye nezinguxa zezolimo, izinsiza eziyizinguxa kanye nezimiso zenhleleleko yasemkhando nezithununu zezimboni.
Mbinda
IMbinda yidolobha elikwisifundazwe se Niari, eKhongo-Brazzaville.
INguxa
uMsuka
Igama lesizulu elithi 'inguxa' liqhamuka kweliyisenzokuthi esithi 'guxa' esilingisa umsindo owenziwa izinsimbi ezihlanganisiwe zaba malungalunga, okuthi lapho zidikiza zenze umsindo oguxazelayo. Into ekulesi simo ibizwa ngokuthi inguxanguxa, livele lapho elithi inguxa. Leli gama lihumusha elithi 'machine', ngesizulu elibizwa ngokuthi umshini.
uMlando
Izembe, elenziwe ngokuqhephula uhlalu lube itshopi, lapho lisesandleni somuntu ludlulisa isiphoqi nomdiki wethuluzi kube iziphoqi eziqhezulayo eziluqombotha nomdiki wesisetshenzuswa. Izembe liyisibonelo sokuqala setshopi (wedge), inguxa elula endala kunezinye kweziyisithupha okusekelwe kuzo izinguxa eziningi. Inguxa elula engeyesibili ngobudala insiza emise okogxalo (ramp), ebikade osetshenziswa kusuka ezikhathini zanguna ukudikiza Izinto ezisindayo.
Kubikwa ukuthi ezinye ezinguxa ezilula zaqanjwa eMpuma eseDuze. Isondo, kanye kanye nesondo nomshiza nokusebenza komshiza, kwaqanjwa eMesopothamiya (namuhla ibizwa Iraq) enkathini yenkulungwane yesi-5 BC. Isixakaxo sona savela eminyakeni eyizi-5,000 edlule eMouma eseDuze, lapho esasisetshenziswa khona njengomlinganiso wokulunganisa (balance scale), nokudikizisa Izinto ezinkulu kwezobuchwepheshe baseGibhithe lasendulo. Isixakaxo sasisetshenziswa njengensiza yokuthwala amanzi, inguxa eyisijibi ( crane machine) yokuqala, eyavela okokuqala eMesopothamiya cishe ngowezi-3000 BC, kanye nasebuchwephesheni baseGibhithe lasendulo cishe ngowezi-2000 BC. Ubufakazi bokuqala bomdonso buseminyakeni yokuqala yenkulungwane yesibili BC eMesopothamiya, futhi naseGibhithe lasendulo enkathini yoSendo lweshumi nambili (1991-1802 BC). Isibhinyi (screw), okuyinguxa elula yokugcina eyaqanjwa, savela okokuqala eMesopothamiya ngenkathi yangemva kwe-Asiriya (911-609) BC. Izitshopolonco zaseGibhithe zakhiwa kusetshenziswa izinguxa ezilula ezintathu, igxalo, itshopi, nesixakaxo.
Necdet
I-Necdet ( pronounced [nedʒdet] ) igama elinikezwe iTurkey labesilisa. Abantu okuthiwa i-Necdet bafaka
Dellys District
IDellys yisifunda esingaphansi kwesifundazwe se Boumerdès, e-Aljeriya.
Lóvua
ILóvua yidolobha futhi ngumasipala okwisifundazwe se Lunda Norte, e-Angola.
Kiboga
IKiboga yidolobha elikwisifundazwe se Central, eYuganda. Leli dolobha liyisiqongo sesifunda se Kiboga.
Tataouine South
ITataouine South ngumasipala futhi yidolobha elikwisifundazwe se Tataouine, eThuniziya.
Gomibora
IGomibora yi-woreda engaphansi kwesifundazwe se SNNPR, e-Itiyopiya.
Mirab Badawacho
IMirab Badawacho yi-woreda engaphansi kwesifundazwe se SNNPR, e-Itiyopiya.
Kaduqli
IKaduqli yidolobha eliyisiqongo sesifundazwe se South Kordofan, eSudan.
Boumerdès District
IBoumerdès yisifunda esingaphansi kwesifundazwe se Boumerdès, e-Aljeriya.
Moshi Rural District
IMoshi Rural yisifunda esingaphansi kwesifundazwe se Kilimanjaro, eThanzaniya.
Sembé, Khongo-Brazzaville
ISembé yidolobha elikwisifundazwe se Sangha, eKhongo-Brazzaville.
Misha (woreda)
IMisha yi-woreda engaphansi kwesifundazwe se SNNPR, e-Itiyopiya.
Kosti, Sudan
IKosti yidolobha elikwisifundazwe se White Nile, eSudan.
Limo (woreda)
ILimo yi-woreda engaphansi kwesifundazwe se SNNPR, e-Itiyopiya.
Zanaga
IZanaga yidolobha elikwisifundazwe se Lékoumou, eKhongo-Brazzaville.
Isser District
I-Isser yisifunda esingaphansi kwesifundazwe se Boumerdès, e-Aljeriya.
Muconda
IMuconda yidolobha futhi ngumasipala okwisifundazwe se Lunda Sul, e-Angola.
Kotido
IKotido yidolobha elikwisifundazwe se Northern, eYuganda. Leli dolobha liyisiqongo sesifunda se Kotido.
Kyazanga
IKyazanga yidolobha elikwisifundazwe se Central, eYuganda.
Saku Constituency
ISaku yisifunda esingaphansi kwesifundazwe se Marsabit, eKhenya.
Moyale Constituency
IMoyale yisifunda esingaphansi kwesifundazwe se Marsabit, eKhenya.
North Horr Constituency
INorth Horr yisifunda esingaphansi kwesifundazwe se Marsabit, eKhenya.
Mwanga District
IMwanga yisifunda esingaphansi kwesifundazwe se Kilimanjaro, eThanzaniya.
Kauda, Sudan
IKauda yidolobha elikwisifundazwe se South Kordofan, eSudan.
Moshi Urban
IMoshi Urban yisifunda esingaphansi kwesifundazwe se Kilimanjaro, eThanzaniya.
Isiolo North Constituency
I-Isiolo North yisifunda esingaphansi kwesifundazwe se Isiolo, eKhenya.
Kisoro
IKisoro yidolobha elikwisifundazwe se Western, eYuganda. Leli dolobha liyisiqongo sesifunda se Kisoro.
Saurimo
ISaurimo yidolobha eliyisiqongo sesifundazwe se Lunda Sul, e-Angola.
Tataouine
ITataouine ngumasipala futhi yidolobha eliyisiqongo sesifundazwe se Tataouine, eThuniziya.
Rombo District
IRombo yisifunda esingaphansi kwesifundazwe se Kilimanjaro, eThanzaniya.
Geneina
IGeneina yidolobha eliyisiqongo sesifundazwe se West Darfur, eSudan.
Hosaena
IHosaena yidolobha futhi yi-woreda engaphansi kwesifundazwe se SNNPR, e-Itiyopiya.
Hazoua
IHazoua ngumasipala futhi yidolobha elikwisifundazwe se Tozeur, eThuniziya.
Kyegegwa
IKyegegwa yidolobha elikwisifundazwe se Western, eYuganda. Leli dolobha liyisiqongo sesifunda se Kyegegwa.
Same District
ISame yisifunda esingaphansi kwesifundazwe se Kilimanjaro, eThanzaniya.
El-Obeid
I-El Obeid yidolobha elikwisifundazwe se North Kordofan, eSudan.
Cacuso
ICacuso yidolobha elikwisifundazwe se Malanje, e-Angola. Ngonyaka ka-2014, leli dolobha lalinabantu abayizi-39,302.
Uhlu lwezifundazwe zaseGabhoni ngokwezinga lentuthuko yabantu
Ngezansi uhlu lwezifundazwe zase Gabhoni ngokwezinga lentuthuko yabantu onyakeni wezi-2017.
Khemis El Khechna District
IKhemis El Khechna yisifunda esingaphansi kwesifundazwe se Boumerdès, e-Aljeriya.
Gibe (woreda)
IGibe yi-woreda engaphansi kwesifundazwe se SNNPR, e-Itiyopiya.
Isiolo South Constituency
I-Isiolo South yisifunda esingaphansi kwesifundazwe se Isiolo, eKhenya.
Laisamis Constituency
ILaisamis yisifunda esingaphansi kwesifundazwe se Marsabit, eKhenya.
Soro (woreda)
ISoro yi-woreda engaphansi kwesifundazwe se SNNPR, e-Itiyopiya.
Er Rahad
I-Er Rahad yidolobha elikwisifundazwe se North Kordofan, eSudan.
Shashogo
IShashogo yi-woreda engaphansi kwesifundazwe se SNNPR, e-Itiyopiya.
Necdet Darıcıoğlu
UNecdet Darıcıoğlu (Meyi 4, 1926 e- Antalya, eTurkey - Septhemba 14, 2016, Ankara ) wayeyijaji laseTurkey .Wayengumongameli weNkantolo Yomthethosisekelo waseTurkey kusukela ngoMashi 2, 1990 kuze kube nguMeyi 4, 1991.
Buuri Constituency
IBuuri yisifunda esingaphansi kwesifundazwe se Meru, eKhenya.
Kyenjojo
IKyenjojo yidolobha elikwisifundazwe se Western, eYuganda. Leli dolobha liyisiqongo sesifunda se Kyenjojo.
Siha District
ISiha yisifunda esingaphansi kwesifundazwe se Kilimanjaro, eThanzaniya.
Hinda, Khongo-Brazzaville
IHinda yidolobha eliyisiqongo sesifundazwe se Kouilou, eKhongo-Brazzaville.
Kalâa Kebira
IKalâa Kebira ngumasipala futhi yidolobha elikwisifundazwe se Sousse, eThuniziya.
Cambundi-Catembo
ICambundi-Catembo yidolobha futhi ngumasipala okwisifundazwe se Malanje, e-Angola.
Tamerza
ITamerza yidolobha elikwisifundazwe se Tozeur, eThuniziya.
Nefta, Thuniziya
INefta ngumasipala futhi yidolobha elikwisifundazwe se Tozeur, eThuniziya.
Nyala, Sudan
INyala yidolobha eliyisiqongo sesifundazwe se South Darfur, eSudan.
Naciria District
INaciria yisifunda esingaphansi kwesifundazwe se Boumerdès, e-Aljeriya.
Necdet Karababa
Necdet Karababa usopolitiki kanye obengumholi we -Democratic Left Party.
Wakhethwa njengomholi weDemocratic Left Party emhlanganweni wayo omkhulu owawubanjwe ngoMashi 7, 1988 kulandela ukwesula kwakhe nokushiya ipolitiki kaBülent Ecevit esikhathini esedlule.Washiya kulesi sikhundla ngoDisemba 28, 1988 ngemuva kokungezwani okuqhubekayo nomlingani ka-Ecevit uRahşan.UNecdet Karababa akazange asingenele lesi sikhundla engqungqutheleni yeqembu eyalandela ngoJanuwari 15, 1989, walandelwa nguBülent Ecevit, owabuyela kwezombusazwe futhi ngemuva kokufunwa ngamandla ngamalungu eqembu.
UKarababa ushade no-Atifet Karababa kanti lo mbhangqwana unezingane ezintathu.
Necdet Öztorun
U-tztorun waphumelela e- Turkish Military Academy e-1943 nase- Turkish Military College e-1959. Uthathe umhlalaphansi ngo-1987.
Ogbonnaya Onu
U-Ogbonnaya Onu (owazalwa ngoDisemba 1, 1951) ungusopolitiki waseNigeria, umbhali nonjiniyela.Wayengumbusi wokuqala womphakathi wase- Abia State kanye noNgqongqoshe Wezesayensi Nobuchwepheshe ngokushesha, iFederal Republic yaseNigeria.
Thénia District
IThénia yisifunda esingaphansi kwesifundazwe se Boumerdès, e-Aljeriya.
Kakonko District
IKakonko yisifunda esingaphansi kwesifundazwe se Kigoma, eThanzaniya.
Amapiano
I-Amapiano ( isiXhosa esisho "the pianos " ) isitayela somculo we- house esavela eNingizimu Afrika  ngo-2012. Kuyingxube ye- deep house, i-jazz kanye nomculo wokuphumula obonakala ngama-synths, ama-airy pad nama-bassline abanzi. Ihlukaniswa ngamaculo opiyano aphakeme kakhulu, olayini be- Kwaito basslines, izigqi ze-low tempo 90s zaseNingizimu Afrika nezingoma ezivela kolunye uhlobo lwasendaweni lwe-house eyaziwa ngokuthi i- Bacardi.
Umsuka
Nakuba lolu hlobo lomculo lwathola ukuduma eKatlehong, ilokishi elisempumalanga yeGoli, kuningi okungaqondakali kanye nenkulumompikiswano mayelana nemvelaphi yalo, kulandisa okuhlukahlukene kwezitayela zomculo emalokishini aseGoli - Soweto, Alexandra, Vosloorus nase Katlehong. Ngenxa yokufana kohlobo ne-Bacardi, abanye abantu bathi lolu hlobo lwaqala ePitoli. Ama-akhawunti ahlukahlukene okuthi ubani owakha uhlobo oludumile akwenza kube nzima ukukhomba ngokunembile umsuka walo.
Isici esibalulekile sohlobo ukusetshenziswa "kwesigubhu se-log", ukusetshenziswa kwayo okubangelwa umculi we-amapiano MDU a.k.a TRP. Iphayona le-Amapiano uKabza De Small uthe:"Angazi ukuthi kwenzekani. Angazi ukuthi wacabanga kanjani isigubhu se-log. Umculo we-Amapiano uhlale ekhona, kodwa nguye owaqhamuka nomsindo wesigubhu se-log. Laba bafana njengokuzama. Bahlala behlola ama-plug-ins amasha. Ngakho lapho uMDU ecabanga, wagijima nayo."
Ukuduma
Ngo-2019, lolu hlobo lwathola ukuthandwa okukhulayo ezwenikazi lonke lase- Afrika ngokwanda okuphawulekayo kokusakazwa kwedijithali nempumelelo yamashadi emazweni akude nemvelaphi yawo yaseNingizimu Afrika.
Izithenjwa
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Izifundazwe zase Gabhoni
IGabhoni inezifundazwe eziyi-9. Ngezansi uhlu lwalezozifundazwe kanye neziqongo zazo.
En Nahud
I-En Nahud yidolobha elikwisifundazwe se West Kordofan, eSudan.
Cangandala
ICangandala yidolobha futhi ngumasipala okwisifundazwe se Malanje, e-Angola.
Tozeur
ITozeur ngumasipala futhi yidolobha eliyisiqongo sesifundazwe se Tozeur, eThuniziya.
Isitolo sezocansi
A esitolo ucansi (obizwa nangokuthi omdala esitolo, esikisela ucansi noma omdala incwadi esitolo) kuwuumthengisi ukuthi udayisa imikhiqizo ezihlobene omdala ukuzijabulisa ngokocansi noma ezivusa inkanuko, ezifana ubulili amathoyizi, Lingerie, izingubo, izithombe zobulili ezingcolile, kanye neminye imikhiqizo ehlobene.
Ngokusobala ugogo wesitolo sesimanje sezocansi kwakuyizitolo eziningi ezahlelwa ngawo-1920 nguLéon Vidal wodumo lweDiana Slip, eParis.Izitolo zakhe zathengisa izincwadi ezivusa inkanuko, izithombe nezingubo zangaphansi.
E-Australia
Izitolo zocansi bezisebenza e- Australia kusukela ngawo-1960, okokuqala ezindaweni ezisemadolobheni eSydney, ikakhulukazi iKings Cross.Ukuthuthukiswa kwezitolo zocansi ezweni kwasizwa ngokubhaliswa ngokusemthethweni kokungeniswa komagazini bezithombe zobulili ezingcolile ngo-1971, ukuvela kwama-vibrator akhiqizwa ngobuningi anikwa amandla ngamabhethri ngawo-1970 nokufika kwamavidiyo alinganiselwe i-X ngawo-1980.Ukuthandwa kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile ze-Intanethi eminyakeni yama-2000 kuholele ekwehleni kokuthengiswa kwezitolo zocansi, ezinye ukuvalwa kwezitolo nokuhlukahluka kube yizimpahla zabantu abadala ezingahlobene nezocansi.
Izitolo zocansi e-Australia zilawulwa yimithetho yezwe futhi zingaphansi kokulawulwa kokuhlelwa kwasendaweni. Yize imithetho yehluka phakathi kwezifundazwe, abanamalayisense kumele bathobele imibandela eqinile evame ukuthi indawo ibe okungenani amamitha ayi-200 ukusuka ezikoleni nasemasontweni.AmaWindows kuvame ukuthi adanyiswe futhi kungeniswe kuphela kuma 18s, ngamacala ashushiswa ngamaphoyisa ngaphansi kwesigaba 578E soMthetho Wobugebengu.
Esifundazweni saseNew South Wales (NSW) izitolo zocansi azikwazi ukuhweba ezingeni lomgwaqo futhi kudingeka ukuthi zihwebe ngenhla noma ngaphansi komhlaba.Ngaphansi komthetho we-NSW, imikhiqizo yezocansi engavimbeli inzalo ingathengiswa kuphela ezitolo ezinikezwe ilayisense evinjelwe yimikhandlu yendawo.Noma kunjalo, ngo-2013 izitolo eziningi zangaphansi ze-NSW zase ziqale ukuthengisa amathoyizi abantu abadala nezincwadi ezitolo ezinkulu ngaphandle kokunikezwa ilayisense.
Eshayina
Ngo-2013 kwakukhona izitolo zocansi ezingaphezu kuka-2 000 eBeijing.Iningi lemikhiqizo yabo lenziwe eChina.
ECanada
Isitolo sokuqala socansi eNyakatho Melika sabizwa ngokuthi yiJardin. Kuvulwe ngo-Okthoba 1971 ngu-Ivor Sargent kuCrescent Street enkabeni yedolobha iMontreal, eQuebec.Ingadi ihlanganise imiqondo esetshenziswe uBeate Uhse eJalimane kanye no- Ann Summers e-UK.Ukuvulwa kwesitolo kudonse ulayini omude wabathengi. IPalm Beach Post iphawule yathi: "Njengenkukhu noma impikiswano yamaqanda, akekho onesiqiniseko sokuthi ngubani owafika kuqala-isitolo sezitolo zocansi noma lokho okwakuthiwa inguquko kwezocansi ".
Ayikho imithetho ethile emelene nokusebenzisa noma ukuthenga amathoyizi ocansi kunoma iyiphi iminyaka ethile, kepha kunemithetho evimbela ukuthengwa kwezithombe zocansi.Yize iminyaka yemvume ingu-16 eCanada, iminyaka engu-18 + iyadingeka ukuthenga noma ukubuka izithombe zocansi.Iningi lezitolo zocansi lithengisa ama-video abantu abadala, okusho ukuthi amathoyizi amaningi ocansi ahlala ezandleni zabantu abadala.
I-Italy
Isitolo sokuqala socansi e-Italy savulwa ngo-1972 eMilan ngu-Angela Masia nomyeni wakhe u-Ercole Sabbatini.Lesi bekuyisitolo sokuqala "esisemthethweni" sezocansi. Kusukela lapho sekuvulwe izitolo eziningi zocansi, ikakhulukazi eRoma.Ngo-2018 idolobha lasePistoia eTuscany lavimbela ukuvulwa kwezitolo ezintsha zocansi esikhungweni somlando sedolobha.
EJapan
EJapan, izitolo zocansi ziqukethe omagazini be-hentai, amavidiyo abantu abadala nama-DVD.
Abase-Netherlands
Izitolo zokuqala zocansi eNetherlands zavulwa ekuqaleni kwawo-1970, osomabhizinisi abanjengoBeate Uhse noLasse Braun.Isitolo sokuqala ngqá samaSulumane esise-inthanethi esibizwa nge- El Asira savulwa eNetherlands ngo-2010. Ibinama-70,000 hits kuwebhusayithi ezinsukwini ezine zokuqala zokusebenza.
ISingapore
Izitolo zocansi azivamile eSingapore. Zimbalwa ebezivulwe ngo-2005, kepha cishe zingu-1-2 kuphela ezikhona njengamanje.Lezi zitolo zidayisa kakhulu izingubo zangaphansi nezamathoyizi ahlukahlukene ocansi.Izimpahla zabo zingabonakala ngewindi lesitolo.
Iningizimu Afrika
Ngemuva kokuthi uNelson Mandela esekele umthetho wokulwa nobandlululo owawugunyaza amathoyizi ocansi,"I-Adult World" yasungulwa ngo-1994 njengesitolo sokuqala ngocansi saseNingizimu Afrika.I-Adult World ize nezitolo ezingama-52 eseNingizimu Afrika nezitolo eziyi-15 e-Australia.Imiphakathi eminingi yamaKrestu ikholwa ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwalezi zikhungo zokuphila kwabantu abadala kuzoholela emazingeni aphezulu obugebengu futhi kwazanywa ukuhlela imiboniso yabantu abaningi lapho kuvulwa khona ukuphoqa ukuvalwa kwe-Adult World.
NgoJulayi 1998, i-Adult World yavula isitolo sabo esikhulu kunazo zonke sokuphila kwabantu abadala eParow, eKapa abayiqamba ngokuthi "i-Adult World Warehouse".Lesi sihlabani esidala samabhayisikobho uChristi Lake ubekhona lapho kuvulwa lesi sitolo, lapho imashi yabantu abangu-500 bebhikishe kwaletha isiminyaminya.Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ezalandela ababhikishi babephethe izingqwembe ezazimemezela ukuthi "Amadoda angempela awazidingi izithombe zobulili ezingcolile" nokuthi "Vikela abantu bethu ezithombeni ezingcolile ezivinjelwe".Ngesikhathi kuvulwa isitolo, kwatholakala ukuthi ama-70% amakhasimende kwakungabesifazane ababefisa ukufunda kabanzi ngemikhiqizo yokuphila kwabantu abadala.
Njengoba i-Adult World yanda kakhulu, kwagxilwa ekwakhiweni kwezitolo zabantu abadala e-Australia.
i-United Kingdom
Cishe zonke izitolo zabantu abadala ezinelayisense e-UK azivunyelwe ukuba nezimpahla zabo emafasiteleni avulekile ezitolo ngaphansi komthetho i- Indecent Displays Act 1981, okusho ukuthi imingcele yezitolo ibanjwa phezulu noma imbozwe izingqwembe.Uphawu lwesexwayiso kumele lukhonjiswe kahle emnyango wesitolo, futhi akukho zincwadi zocansi (ngokwesibonelo, izithombe zocansi noma amathoyizi ocansi) okufanele zibonakale emgwaqweni.Kodwa-ke, izingubo zangaphansi, amakhava angacasuli okokusebenza kwabantu abadala, njll. Angakhonjiswa ngokuya ngezimo zelayisense zikamasipala wendawo.IVideo Recordings Act 1984 yethule ukuhlukaniswa okulinganiswe ngama-R18 kwamavidiyo atholakala kuphela ezitolo zocansi ezinelayisense.Alikho ikhasimende elingaba ngaphansi kweminyaka engu-18 ubudala.
ELondon, amadolobha ambalwa anelayisense yezitolo zocansi.Esifundeni saseSoho ngaphakathi kweDolobha laseWestminster idlanzana lezitolo zocansi lavulwa nguCarl Slack ekuqaleni kwawo-1960, kwathi maphakathi nawo-1970 inani lase likhule laba ngama-59.Abanye babenamakamelo angemuva "ayimfihlo" ethengisa izithombe namanoveli alukhuni, kufaka phakathi izinhlelo ze- Olympia Press.