UNelson_Mandela
I-idiyoloji yezePolitiki
Ngo 1955, kwiShatha yamalungelo, i-Freedom Charter, uMandela alekelela ekwenzweni kwayo, yayimemezela ukuthi amabhangi, izimauimi zegolide kanye nomhlaba kumele kufakelwe ngaphansi kobunikazi besizwe ngenqubo eyaziwa ngelokuthi yi-nationalisation, ngokukholelwa ukuthi lokhu yinto efanele ukuze kwabiwe umnotho wesizwe ngendlela elinganayo..<span class="mw-ref" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKalumba1995164.E2.80.93165_381-0" rel="dc:references"> [381]  <span class="mw-ref" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKalumba1995164.E2.80.93165_381-0" rel="dc:references"> Ngisho noma uMandela wayenale nkolelo, uMandela waqala inqubo yokuthengiswa kwempahla yombuso, ngenqubo ebizwa i-privatisation ngesikhathi esesikhundleni sobungameli bezwe, kanti lokhu kwakuhambisana nokwenzeka kwamanye amazwe ngalesi sikhathi.<span class="mw-ref" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFreund2014294_382-0" rel="dc:references"> [382]   <span class="mw-ref" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFreund2014294_382-0" rel="dc:references"> Kunombono wokuthi uMandela wayengathanda ukuthi kube nenqubo yomnotho ye-social democratic economy eNingizimu Afrika, kodwa lokhu kwakungakhonakali ngenxa yesimo sengcindezi kwezomnotho kanye nezepolitiki kumkhakha wamazwe aphesheya, ngezikhathi zeminyaka yoma 1990.<span class="mw-ref" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFreund2014294_382-1" rel="dc:references"> [382]   <span class="mw-ref" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFreund2014294_382-1" rel="dc:references"> Lesi sinqumo sabangelwa nawukubona ukuwa kwemibuso yamazwe yenqubo yobusoshalisi kuwo wonke amazwe ayaziwa ngelokuthi ama-socialist states kuzwekazi le-Soviet Union kanye namanye amazwe aseMpuma ayaziwa ngokuthi ama-Eastern Bloc lokhu kuwa kwale mibuso okwenziwa ekuqaleni kweminyaka yoma 1990.<span class="mw-ref" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESampson2011433.E2.80.93435_383-0" rel="dc:references"> [383]   <span class="mw-ref" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESampson2011433.E2.80.93435_383-0" rel="dc:references"> Kanti futhi ngakolunye uhlangothi, kwakukhona ukukhula komnotho ngesidumo kwizwe laseShayina elalisebenzissa inqubo yomnotho ye-"socialist market economy", kanti futhi uMandela wayethanda ukucaphuna kakhulu kwinkulumo yobuhlakani ka-Deng Xiaoping's aphorism: eyayithi, akunandaba noma yiyiphi inqubo esetshenziswawayo, inqaba nje uma isebenza kahle inemiphumela, ngesisho esithi, akunandaba noma ikati limnyama noma limhlophe, inqaba nje uma likwazi ukubamba amagundane ("It doesn't matter whether a cat is black or white, so long as it catches mice.)" Esikhathini sempilo yakhe, waqala ukugqugquzelela inqubo yomzabalazo ngokuthula, kodwa kamuva lapho le nqubo ingasebenzi, waqala wagqugquzelela umzabalazo wezikkhali, kanti futhi waqala lo mzabalazo wezikhali, kwase kuthi ekugcineni wasingathi inqubo yokubonisana ngezingxoxo kanye nomoya wokubuyisana.<span class="mw-ref" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBoehmer2008107_385-0" rel="dc:references"> [385]  <span class="mw-ref" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBoehmer2008107_385-0" rel="dc:references"> Lapho eqala ukugqugquzelela inqubo yomzabalazo wezikhali, kungoba wayengayiboni enye indlela engaba nempumelelo, ngoba wayebona umbuso wabamhlophe ungaquguki kwinqubo yawo wengcindezelo, kodwa wayehlala ezimisele ukuthi uma ithuba lomzabalazo woxolo liba khona, uyolandlela wone, inqaba nje uma izoholela ekubeni nezingxoxo zandawonye.<span class="mw-ref" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBoehmer2008105.2C_108_386-0" rel="dc:references"> [386]   <span class="mw-ref" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBoehmer2008105.2C_108_386-0" rel="dc:references">