cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Taribo West
Inkolo nezinkolelo
Ku-2010, kwabikwa ukuthi iWest namanye amazwe aseNigeria, njengoJay-Jay Okocha, uNwankwo Kanu no- Obafemi Martins, babebadala kakhulu kunalokho ababezibiza ngakho.Ngo-Ephreli 2013, u- oarko Zečević, owayengunobhala jikelele we-FK Partizan, wathi iNtshonalanga imdala ngeminyaka eyi-12 kunaleyo ebekiwe.Ngokushesha ngemuva kwalokho, uWest waliphika leli cala.
Iklabhu
I-Auxerre
I-Internazionale
Okwamanye amazwe
ENigeria
UMvethezo
Igama elithi UMvethezo Noma umMvethezo (kusuka esenzweni sokuvetheza, lisho 'ukukhuluma ulimi lwabezizwe'), lingabhekisela kunoma yiluphi lwezinhlobo ezimbili zolimi oluhlukile. :
Boukhelifa
IBoukhelifa ngumasipala futhi yidolobha elikwisifundazwe se Bejaia, e-Aljeriya.
Ezibuchophokhulu
Ezibuchophokhulu ziwuhlelo lwezilwane ezincelisayo ezinhlobonhlobo.
Cazengo
ICazengo yidolobha futhi ngumasipala okwisifundazwe se Cuanza Norte, e-Angola.
Migori County
IMigori yisifundazwe sase Khenya.
Ukujula
Ukujula ukudedelwa kwesidoda (the ejaculate; ngokuvamile aqukethe isidoda ) kusukela besilisa ipheshana reproductory ngenxa i orgasm.Kuyinto esigabeni sokugcina futhi umgomo zemvelo besilisa ukushukuma ngokobulili, futhi isakhi esibalulekile zemvelo nje ebamba isisu. Ezimweni ezingavamile, ukuphuma kwe-ejaculation kwenzeka ngenxa yesifo se-prostatic.Ukujula kungenzeka futhi ngokuzenzekelayo ngesikhathi sokulala ( ukuphuma kobusuku noma "iphupho elimanzi").Ukweqa ngokweqile yisimo sokungakwazi ukukhipha i-ejaculate.Ukukhishwa kwe-ejaculation kuvame ukujabulisa kakhulu amadoda; i-dysejaculation i-ejaculation ebuhlungu noma engathandeki.Ukujikisa kabusha kwe-Retrograde yisimo lapho isidoda sihamba sibuyela emuva esinyeni kunokukhipha i- urethra.
Ukugqugquzela
Ukujula ngaphambi kwesikhathi yilapho ukukhishwa kwe-ejaculation kwenzeka ngaphambi kwesikhathi osifunayo.Uma owesilisa engakwazi ukukhipha umuthi ngesikhathi esifanele ngemuva kokuvuselelwa ngokocansi isikhathi eside, naphezu kwesifiso sakhe sokwenza lokho, kubizwa ukubambezeleka kwe-ejaculation noma i- anorgasmia .I-orgasm engahambisani ne-ejaculation yaziwa njenge- orgasm eyomile.
Ikhwalithi
Inombolo yesidoda ku-ejaculation nayo iyahlukahluka kakhulu, kuya ngezici eziningi, kufaka phakathi isikhathi kusukela ku-ejaculation yokugcina,ubudala, amazinga okuxineka, ne- testosterone.Ubude obukhulu besikhuthazo sobulili ngokushesha okwandulelayo kwe-ejaculation kungaholela ekugxileni okuphezulu kwesidoda. Isibalo sesidoda esiphansi ngokungajwayelekile, asifani nevolumu yesilisa ephansi, saziwa njenge- oligospermia, futhi ukungabi bikho kwanoma yisiphi isidoda esisuka kwisidoda kubizwa ngokuthi yi-azoospermia.
Ngesikhathi sokuthomba
Ukujula kokuqala kwabesilisa kuvame ukwenzeka cishe ezinyangeni eziyi-12 ngemuva kokuqala kokuthomba, imvamisa ngokushaya indlwabu noma ukuphuma ebusuku (amaphupho anamanzi).Leli volumu lokuqala lesidoda lincane.Ukujula okujwayelekile ezinyangeni ezintathu ezilandelayo kuveza okungaphansi kwe-1 ml yesidoda. Isidoda esikhiqizwa ngesikhathi sokuthomba sibuye sicace ngokujwayelekile.Ngemuva kokukhishwa kwesidoda lesi sidoda sokuqala sihlala sifana nejeli futhi, ngokungafani nesidoda esivela emadodeni avuthiwe, sehluleka ukuncibilika.Isifinyezo sokukhula kwesidoda siboniswa kuThebula 1.
Ama-ejaculations amaningi okuqala (amaphesenti angama-90) awanaso isidoda.Kuma-ejaculation ambalwa okuqala aqukethe isidoda, iningi lesidoda (i-97%) liswela ukunyakaza. Isidoda esisele (3%) sinokunyakaza okungajwayelekile.
Njengoba owesilisa eqhubeka nokuthomba, isidoda sakha izici ezivuthiwe ngobuningi obukhulayo besidoda esijwayelekile.Isidoda sikhiqize izinyanga eziyi-12 kuya kwezingu-14 ngemuva kokuqala kokukhishwa kwe-ejaculation ngemuva kwesikhathi esifushane.Kungakapheli izinyanga ezingama-24 kwe-ejaculation yokuqala, ivolumu yesidoda nobungako nezimpawu zesidoda kufana nokwedoda endala.
Lawula kusuka ohlelweni oluphakathi lwezinzwa
Kukhona i- generator yephethini emaphakathi entanjeni yomgogodla, eyenziwe ngamaqembu ama- interneuron womgogodla, okubandakanyeka ekuphenduleni kwesigqi kwe-ejaculation. Lokhu kwaziwa njenge- generator yomgogodla we-ejaculation.
Ukwenza imephu yokusebenza kwe-neuronal kobuchopho ngesikhathi sokuphendula okujula, abacwaningi bafunde ukubonakaliswa kwe- c-Fos, iproto-oncogene evezwe kuma-neuron ngokuphendula ukukhuthazwa ngamahomoni nama-neurotransmitters. Ukuchazwa kwe-c-Fos ezindaweni ezilandelayo kuye kwabonwa:
Ukuchama okungenazandla
Yize kungavamile, amanye amadoda angafeza ama-ejaculation ngesikhathi sokushaya indlwabu ngaphandle kokuvuselelwa okwenziwa ngesandla.Amadoda anjalo ajwayele ukukwenza ngokugoqa nokuguquguqula imisipha yabo yesisu neyezinqe kanye nokucabanga ngamandla.Abanye bangakwenza ngokuxegisa indawo ezungeze ipipi, okungaholela ekuvinjweni okunzima ikakhulukazi uma kufakwe umfutho.
Ukucindezela kwe-Perineum nokubuyisa kabusha i-ejaculation
Ukucindezela kwe-Perineum kuholela ekujuleni okubanjelwe emuva ngokucindezela i-perineum noma i-urethra ukuphoqa uketshezi lwesisu ukuba luhlale ngaphakathi.Esimweni esinjalo, uketshezi lwesisu luhlala ngaphakathi emzimbeni luye kwesinye.Abanye abantu bakwenza lokhu ukugwema ukwenza ukungcola ngokugcina sonke isidoda ngaphakathi. Njengesimo sezokwelapha, kubizwa ngokuthi yi- retrograde ejaculation.
Ezinye izilwane
Ezilwaneni ezincelisayo nezinyoni, ukujula okuningi kuvamile.Ngesikhathi sokucobelelana, izinhlangothi zombili zomthondo ka-echidna onemilomo emifushane zisetshenziswa ngokulandelana.Ukushintshana phakathi kwezinhlangothi zombili kuvumela ukukhuthazwa okuqhubekayo ukwenza i-ejaculation ngaphandle kokuvimbela isikhathi sokuphikisa.
Ezingxenyeni ezinkulu zamahhashi, ukujula kuhambisana nokunyakaza komsila okwaziwa nge- "flag flagging".Lapho impisi yesilisa ikhipha umjelo, amandla ayo okugcina okhalo angase abe made.Inkawu i-rhesus eyesilisa ivame ukukhipha imisipha engaphansi kwemizuzwana eyi-15 ngemuva kokungena ngokocansi .Umbiko wokuqala nemidwebo yokuchichima okuzenzakalela esilwaneni esincelisayo sasemanzini yaqoshwa ehlelweni lasendle i-Indo-Pacific dolphin eduze naseMikura Island, eJapan, ngo-2012.
Emahhashini, ezimvwini nasezinkomeni, ukukhishwa kwesisu kwenzeka emizuzwaneni embalwa, kepha ezingulubeni, kungathatha imizuzu emihlanu kuya kwamashumi amathathu .Ukujula kwezingulube kuyakhuthazeka lapho umthondo omise okokuhlangana ungena nomlomo wesibeletho sowesifazane.Ingulube evuthiwe ingaveza yesidoda ngesikhathi esisodwa.Ku-llamas kanye ne-alpaca, i-ejaculation yenzeka ngokuqhubekayo ngesikhathi sokuhlangana.
Isidoda sezinja zesilisa sikhishwa ngezigaba ezintathu ezihlukene.Isigaba sokugcina sokuphuma kwe-canine wesilisa senzeka ngesikhathi sethayi yokukopisha, futhi siqukethe kakhulu uketshezi lwe-prostatic.
El Haouaria
I-El Haouaria ngumasipala futhi yidolobha elikwisifundazwe se Nabeul, eThuniziya.
Tokar District
ITokar yisifunda esingaphansi kwesifundazwe se Red Sea, eSudan.
Golungo Alto
IGolungo Alto yidolobha futhi ngumasipala okwisifundazwe se Cuanza Norte, e-Angola.
El Mida
I-El Mida ngumasipala futhi yidolobha elikwisifundazwe se Nabeul, eThuniziya.
Chelata
IChelata ngumasipala futhi yidolobha elikwisifundazwe se Bejaia, e-Aljeriya.
Kitgum, Yuganda
IKitgum ngumasipala futhi yidolobha elikwisifundazwe se Northern, eYuganda. Leli dolobha liyisiqongo sesifunda se Kitgum.
Bongoyo Island
IBongoyo yisiqhingi esingaphansi kwesifundazwe se Dar es Salaam, eThanzaniya.
Fort Portal
IFort Portal yidolobha elikwisifundazwe se Western, eYuganda. Leli dolobha liyisiqongo sesifunda se Kabarole.
Djebel Messaâd District
IDjebel Messaâd yisifunda esingaphansi kwesifundazwe se M'Sila, e-Aljeriya.
Mizan Teferi
IMizan Teferi yidolobha futhi yi-woreda engaphansi kwesifundazwe se SNNPR, e-Itiyopiya.
Homa Bay County
IHoma Bay yisifundazwe sase Khenya.
Guagusa Shekudad
IGuagusa Shekudad yi-woreda engaphansi kwesifundazwe se Amhara, e-Itiyopiya.
Uhlelo lwenhlonzabuso
Uhlelo lwenhlonzabuso liwubuchwepheshe obukwazi ukuqathanisa ubuso bomuntu obusemfanekisweni wezezibhangqiwe noma uhlakana lombukiso kanye nesizindamininingo esigcina iqoqo lobuso. Lolu hlelo luvame ukusetshenziswa ukuqinisekisa abasebenzisi bokuthile ngezinkonzo zokuqinisekisa, futhi busebenza ngokukhomba kanye nokulinganisa ulwangu lobuso olusesithombeni esikhethiwe.
Ukuthuthukiswa kwalobuchwepheshe kwaqala ngezinhlelo ezifanayo eminyakeni ye-1960, njengohlobo lenhlelokusebenza lwesiCikizi. Kusuka lapho, uhlelo lwenhlonzabuso luye lwasetshenziswa kabanzi ezikhathini zakamuva komakhalipha nakwezinye izinhlobo zobuchwepheshe, ezifana nezobuthununu. Ngenxa yokuthi inhlonzabuso yesicikizi ibandakanya ukulinganisa izici zochazomzimba zomuntu, uhlelo lwenhlonzabuso lumunxaniswa njengesilinganisimuntu (biometric). Nakuba ukunemba kwezinhlelo zenhlonzabuso njengobuchwepheshe besilinganisimuntu kuphansi kunobenhlonzaliso (iris recognition) nobenhlonzazithupha (fingerprint recognition), busethsenziswa kabanzi ngenxa yenqubo yabo yokungathintani nabantu. Izinhlelo zenhlonzabuso ziyasetshrnziswa kwisinanelo somuntu-nesicikizi esithuthukile, ibukwa lesiqaphabukhoma (surveillance video) kanye nokufaka ohlwini kwezithombe ngokwenhleleleko.
Izinhlelo zenhlonzabuso zisetshenziswa namuhla ngohulumeni nayimishumanqa esilulu emhlabeni wonke. Igqino lwazo luyahlukahluka, futhi izinye izinhlelo endulo ziye zayekwa ngenxa yokungabi negqino. Ukusetshenziswa lohlelo lwenhlonzabuso kuye kwavusa izimpikiswano, lapho abanye bethi luhlukumeza ingasese lezakhamuzi, futhi luvame ukuhlonza abantu ngokunganembile, lukhuthaza ukuhlukaniswa ngokobulili nangokobuhlanga, futhi aluvikeli imininingo elinganisimpilo ebalulekile. Ukuvela kwezinsiza ezifana nombukonyali (deepfake) nakho kuphakamise iminako ngokuphepha kwazo. Lokhu kukhuluma sekuholele ekunswinyweni kwezinhlelo zenhlonzabuso ezidlaveleni ezimbalwa kwelaseMelika. Ngenxa yokukhula kwezikhalazo zomphakathi, umShumanqa iMeta seyimemezele izinhlelo zokuvala uhlelo lwenhlonzabuso lwe-Facebook, yacisha nemininingo yesigqaya buso yabasebenzisi abangaphezu kwezigidigidi. Lolushintsho luzomelela ukugudluka okukhulu ekusetshenzisweni kwenhlonzabuso emlandweni wezobuchwepheshe.
uMlando wobuchwepheshe benhlonzabuso
Inhlonzabuso ehlelekile yethulwa eminyakeni ye-1960.U-Woody Bledsoe, u-Helen Chan Wolf, no-Charles Bisson beza nesu lokusebenzisa isiCikizi ukuba sihlonze ubuso babantu. Inkebengo yabo yenhlonzabuso yokuqala yabizwa ngokuthi "umuntu-nguxa" ngokuba ukuma kolwangu lobuso esithombeni kwakufanele kucaciswe ngumuntu kuqala ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa isiCikizi.
Ngoko District
INgoko yisifunda esingaphansi kwesifundazwe se Cuvette, eKhongo-Brazzaville.
Abu Hamad District
I-Abu Hamad yisifunda esingaphansi kwesifundazwe se River Nile, eSudan.
Khoubana District
IKhoubana yisifunda esingaphansi kwesifundazwe se M'Sila, e-Aljeriya.
Hammam Ghezèze
IHammam Ghezèze ngumasipala futhi yidolobha elikwisifundazwe se Nabeul, eThuniziya.
I-ChatGPT
I-ChatGPT iyisiqavithi sohlakahlisombulu esithuthukiswe yi-OpenAI esanyakulwa ngoLwezi wezi-2022. Yakhelwe phezu kwamahlelokusebenza we-OpenAI womndeni we-GPT-3 wezinongo zolimi ezinkulu futhi yalungiswa-ngobunomfiya kusetshenziswa ubunyoninco bokufunda okuqondiswayo nokufunda okufakelelwayo.
Unongo olusha lakwa-OpenAI olubizwa GPT-4, lwakhululwa mhla zili-14 kuNdasa 2023, futhi seluyatholakala kubasebenzisi be- ChatGPT Plus.
Chemini
IChemini ngumasipala futhi yidolobha elikwisifundazwe se Bejaia, e-Aljeriya.
Fungu Yasini Island
IFungu Yasini yisiqhingi esingaphansi kwesifundazwe se Dar es Salaam, eThanzaniya.
Ad Damer District
I-Ad Damer yisifunda esingaphansi kwesifundazwe se River Nile, eSudan.
Elizabeth Poe
Elizabeth Poe, ozwala, Elizabeth "Eliza" Arnold, Jr. Hopkins Poe, (1787 or 1788 - 1811), wayengunina ka Edgar Allan Poe (1809 - c. 1849).
IsiCikizikhulu
IsiCikizikhulu siyisicikizi esinezinga eliphezulu lokusebenza uma siqhathaniswa nesicikizi senjongo evamile. Insebenzo yesiCikizikhulu ivame ukulinganiswa ngemigidingo yezintantanani (float points, FLOPS) ngomzuzwana kuneziyalelo eziyisigidi ngomzuzwana (MIPS). Kusuka ngowezi-2017, sekube khona isicikizikhulu ezingenza ezintantnani eziyi-1017. Uma kuqhathaniswa, isiCikizi sasendlini singasebenza maphakathi namakhulu izintantananinqindi (1011) kuya emashumini ezintantananizaca (1013). Kusuka ngoLwezi kowezi-2017, zonke isicikizikhulu ezisheshayo zomhlaba ezingama-500 bezisebenza ngezingqalahlelo olusekwe kwi-Linux. Ucwaningo olwengeziwe luyenziwa kwelaseMelikq, eYurophu, eThayiwani, eJaphani, naseShayina ukuze kwakhiwe iziCikizikhulu zomlinganisokhulu ezinamandla kakhulu nezibuqabavu ngokobuchwepheshe.
Igwababa
Igwababa, kwakuyinkondlo eyanyatheliswa okokuqala ngo Januwari 29, 1845, ephephandabeni, "The Evening Mirror". Inkondlo yabhalwa Quarles (enye yamagama mbumbulu kwe Imbongi yaseMelika kanye nombhali, Edgar Allan Poe (1809, - c. 1849).). Umugqa odume kakhulu wenkondlo yilapho, "Igwababa" ithi, Ungalokothi.
Amakha
Perfume (UK: /ˈpɜːfjuːm/, US: /pərˈfjuːm/; isiFulentshi: parfum) iyingxube yamafutha abalulekile anephunga elimnandi noma amakha (amakha), izinto ezilungiswayo nezincibilikisayo, ngokuvamile eziwuketshezi, ezisetshenziselwa ukunikeza umzimba womuntu, izilwane, ukudla, izinto, kanye nezindawo zokuhlala iphunga elimnandi. Ngo-1939, owathola umklomelo kaNobel weKhemistry, uLeopold Ružička wathi "kusukela ezinsukwini zokuqala zesayensi yesayensi kuze kube manje, iziqholo zibe negalelo elikhulu ekuthuthukisweni kwamakhemikhali ezinto eziphilayo mayelana nezindlela, ukuhlukaniswa okuhlelekile, kanye nethiyori.
Imibhalo yasendulo nemivubukulo ibonisa ukusetshenziswa kwamakha kweminye yemiphakathi yakudala yabantu. Iziqholo zesimanje zaqala ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-19 ngokuhlanganiswa kwezentengiselwano kwenhlanganisela yephunga elimnandi njenge-vanillin noma i-coumarin, eyayivumela ukwakheka kwamakha anephunga elalingatholakali ngaphambilini elivela kuma-aromatics emvelo.
Umlando
Igama elithi perfume lisuselwa kwelesiLatini elithi perfumare, elisho "ukubhema". Iziqholo, njengobuciko bokwenza iziqholo, zaqala eMesophothamiya yasendulo, eGibhithe, empucukweni yase-Indus Valley futhi ngokunokwenzeka neChina Yasendulo. Yabuye yacwengisiswa amaRoma namaSulumane.
Kilwa Kisiwani
IKilwa Kisiwani yisiqhingi esingaphansi kwesifundazwe se Lindi, eThanzaniya.
Amakha
Umlando
Ezwenikazi laseNdiya, amakha neziqholo zazikhona empucukweni yase-Indus (3300 BC - 1300 BC).
I-allembic yaseByzantium yayisetshenziselwa ukudidiyela amakha
Ngonguembo
INgonguembo noma IGonguembo yidolobha futhi ngumasipala okwisifundazwe se Cuanza Norte, e-Angola.
Amakha
Umlando
Isitsha samakha saseGibhithe lasendulo esimise okwenkawu; 1550-1295 BC; faience; ukuphakama: 6.5 cm, ububanzi: 3.3 cm, ukujula: 3.8 cm; I-Metropolitan Museum of Art (eNew York City)
Ngo-2003, abavubukuli bathola lokho okukholelwa ukuthi [ngubani?] kungamakha amadala kakhulu asekhona ePyrgos, eCyprus. Amakha asukela eminyakeni engaphezu kuka-4,000. Atholwa endaweni yasendulo yokwenza iziqholo, ifektri engamamitha-skwele angu-300 (3,230 sq ft) [8] enezindawo zokumisa okungenani ezingu-60, izitsha zokuxuba, amafaneli, namabhodlela eziqholo. Ezikhathini zasendulo abantu babesebenzisa amakhambi nezinongo, njenge-alimondi, i-coriander, i-myrtle, i-conifer resin ne-bergamot, kanye nezimbali. NgoMeyi 2018, isiqholo sakudala esithi "Rodo" (Rose) siphinde sadalelwa umbukiso weminyaka yonke weGreek National Archaeological Museum "Izici Ezingenakubalwa Zobuhle", okuvumela izivakashi ukuthi zisondele emandulo ngokusebenzisa ama-olfaction receptors azo.
UXhoxho lweziNzwa
Uxhoxho lwezinzwa uxhoxho noma intandelo yezinzwa ezingokwemvelo, noma, ngomqondo wanamuhla, uxhoxho lwezinzwa-mbulu noma amaqhuzu. Kanjalo, uxhoxho lwezinzwa lungaba uxhoxho lwezinzwa olungokwemvelo noma, uxhoxho lwezinzwa olumbulu, futhi lusetshenziselwe ukuxazula izinkinga zohlakahlisombulu. Uxhumano lwenzwa engokwemvelo liwunongo olwenziwe kumaxhoxho ezinzwa-mbulu njengezisindo phakathi kwamaqhuzu. Iqhuzu elivumayo (positive) limelela uxhomano olukhabathayo (excitatory connection), kuyilapho amanani aphikayo emelela uxhumano oluvimbayo (inhibitory connections). Wonke amagalelo agwebukiswa isisindo bese aba isamba. Lobuqhebeqhebe bubizwa ngokuthi inhlanganisela ewumugqa Ekugcineni, insebenzo yokuqhebezisa ilawula ukuqubuka (amplitude) yeziphumo. Ngokwesibonelo, amazinga amukelekile eziphumo avame ukuba phakathi kwe-0 Kanye no-1, noma angaba phakathi ko-1 kanye no-1.
Dawa Chefe
IDawa Chefe yi-woreda engaphansi kwesifundazwe se Amhara, e-Itiyopiya.
Menzel Bouzelfa
IMenzel Bouzelfa ngumasipala futhi yidolobha elikwisifundazwe se Nabeul, eThuniziya.
Darguina
IDarguina ngumasipala futhi yidolobha elikwisifundazwe se Bejaia, e-Aljeriya.
Loukoléla District
ILoukoléla yisifunda esingaphansi kwesifundazwe se Cuvette, eKhongo-Brazzaville.
Ntokou District
INtokou yisifunda esingaphansi kwesifundazwe se Cuvette, eKhongo-Brazzaville.
Bati (woreda)
IBati yi-woreda engaphansi kwesifundazwe se Amhara, e-Itiyopiya.
Quiculungo
IQuiculungo yidolobha futhi ngumasipala okwisifundazwe se Cuanza Norte, e-Angola.
M'Sila District
IM'Sila yisifunda esingaphansi kwesifundazwe se M'Sila, e-Aljeriya.
Ukungabekezelelani kwe-lactose
Ukungabekezelelani kwe-Lactose yisimo esivamile esidalwa ukwehla kwekhono lokugaya i-lactose, ushukela otholakala emikhiqizweni yobisi. Labo abathintekile bayehluka ebuningini be-lactose abangabubekezelela ngaphambi kokuba izimpawu ziqhamuke Izimpawu zingabandakanya ubuhlungu besisu, ukuqunjelwa, isifo sohudo, igesi kanye nesicanucanu. kuncike enanini umuntu alidlayo noma aliphuzayo.Ukungabekezelelani kwe-lactose akubangeli ukulimala emgodini wamathumbu.
Ukungabekezelelani kwe-Lactose kungumphumela wokushoda kwe-lactase, okungaba yizakhi zofuzo (i-hypolactasia eyinhloko kanye ne-alactasia eyinhloko yokuzalwa) noma okubangelwa imvelo (i-hypoalactasia yesibili noma etholakele). Kunoma ikuphi, izimpawu zibangelwa amazinga anganele e-lactase kulwelwesi lwe-duodenum. I-Lactose, i-molecule ye-disaccharide etholakala obisini nasemikhiqizweni yobisi, ayikwazi ukufakwa ngqo odongeni lwamathumbu amancane iye egazini, ngakho-ke, lapho i-lactase ingekho, idlula ihambisane nekholoni [ukucaphuna kuyadingeka]. Amagciwane kukholoni angakwazi ukugaya i-lactose, futhi ukuvutshelwa okuvelayo kuveza inani eliningi legesi (ingxube ye-hydrogen, i-carbon dioxide, ne-methane) edala izimpawu ezahlukahlukene zesisu. Ushukela ongagunyaziwe nemikhiqizo yokuvutshelwa nayo iphakamisa ingcindezi ye-osmotic yekoloni, idala ukugeleza kwamanzi okwenyuka kuya emathunjini (isifo sohudo).
Uhlobo lwe-LCT luhlinzeka ngemiyalo yokwenza i-lactase. Ukulandelana okuthile kwe-DNA kuhlobo lwe-MCM6 kusiza ukulawula ukuthi ngabe uhlobo lwe-LCT luvuliwe noma luvaliwe. Okungenani eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane ezimbalwa ezedlule, abanye abantu baqala ukuguquka kwesakhi sofuzo se-MCM6 esigcina isakhi sofuzo se-LCT sivuliwe noma ngabe ukumiswa kokuncelisa ibele. Izakhi zofuzo ze-LCT ne-MCM6 zombili zitholakala engalweni ende (q) ye-chromosome 2 esifundeni 21. I-locus ingachazwa njenge-2q21. Ucwaningo lwango-2016 lwabahlanganyeli abangaphezu kuka-60,000 abavela emazweni angama-89 bathola ukwanda kwesifunda kwe-lactose malabsorption kwakungu- "64% (54-74) e-Asia (ngaphandle kwaseMpumalanga Ephakathi), 47% (33-61) empumalanga yeYurophu, eRussia, nasezweni elaliyiSoviet Republic, 38% (CI 18-57) eLatin America, 70% (57-83) eMiddle East, 66% (45-88) enyakatho ye-Afrika, 42% (13-71) enyakatho neMelika, 45% ( 19-71) e-Oceania, 63% (54-72) e-Afrika eseningizimu yeSahara, kanye no-28% (19-37) enyakatho, eningizimu nasentshonalanga yeYurophu. " NgokukaJohn Hopkins Medicine, ukungabekezelelani kwe-lactose kungaphezulu ezivamile kubantu base-Asia baseMelika, baseMelika baseMelika, baseMelika baseMexico nabaseMelika baseMelika. Ukuhlaziywa kwe-DNA yamathambo asendulo angama-94 eYurophu naseRussia kwaphetha ngokuthi ukuguquka kokubekezelelana kwe-lactose kwavela eminyakeni engaba ngu-4 300 edlule futhi kwasakazeka kulo lonke elaseYurophu.
Ukuqoqwa kwezici ze-epigenetic, ngokuyinhloko i-DNA methylation, esifundeni se-LCT esandisiwe, kufaka phakathi isithuthukisi sezakhi zofuzo esisejini ye-MCM6 eduze ne-C / T-13910 SNP, nakho kungaba nomthelela ekuqaleni kokungabekezelelani kwe-lactose kubantu abadala. I-LCT kumagundane i-epithelium yamathumbu ibe yi-DNA methylation ku-enhancer gene.
Jile Timuga
IJile Timuga yi-woreda engaphansi kwesifundazwe se Amhara, e-Itiyopiya.
Ukungabekezelelani kwe-lactose
I-hypolactasia eyinhloko
Berber District
IBerber yisifunda esingaphansi kwesifundazwe se River Nile, eSudan.
Ukungabekezelelani kwe-lactose
I-hypolactasia eyinhloko, noma ukushoda kwe-lactase okuyisisekelo, kuyizakhi zofuzo, kuthinta kuphela abantu abadala, futhi kubangelwa ukungabikho kokuphikelela kwe-lactase. Kubantu ngaphandle kokuphikelela kwe-lactase, i-lactase encane ikhiqizwa ngumzimba ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, okuholela ku-hypolactasia lapho usumdala. Imvamisa yokuphikelela kwe-lactase, evumela ukubekezelelana kwe-lactose, yehluka kakhulu emhlabeni wonke, nokutholakala okuphezulu kakhulu eNyakatho-ntshonalanga Yurophu, kwehla ngaseningizimu yeYurophu naseMpumalanga Ephakathi futhi kuphansi e-Asia nakwiningi le-Afrika, yize kuvamile kubantu abelusayo abavela e-Afrika.
Ukuhlelwa kwe-hypolactasia kwesibili
I-hypolactasia yesibili noma ukushoda kwe-lactase yesibili, okubizwa nangokuthi ukutholwa kwe-hypolactasia noma ukutholakala kwe-lactase, kubangelwa ukulimala emathunjini amancane. Lolu hlobo lokungabekezelelani kwe-lactose lungenzeka kuzo zombili izinsana nakubantu abadala be-lactase futhi luyaguquguquka.Lungabangelwa i-gastroenteritis, isifo se-celiac, isifo sikaCrohn, i-ulcerative colitis, i-chemotherapy, izimuncagazi emathunjini (njenge-giardia), noma ezinye izimbangela zemvelo. .
Soliman, Thuniziya
ISoliman ngumasipala futhi yidolobha elikwisifundazwe se Nabeul, eThuniziya.
Inzululwazi yemvelo
Inzululwazi yemvelo ingelinye lamagatsha esayensi aphathelene nencaziso, ukuqonda nokubikezela izimongotho zemvelo, ngokusekelwe ebufakazini obunamandla obuvela ezingqaphelweni nasemigcansweni. Izinyathelo ezifana nembuyekezo ecubungulayo nokuziphindaphinda kwemiphumela kusetshenziswa ukuqinisekisa ukuba yiqiniso kokuqombola kwenzululwazi.
UmQhekezani
Isihlahla somQhekezani ( Cocos nucifera ) siyilungu lomndeni wesundu ( Arecaceae ) kanye nokuphela kwezinhlobo elliptical zomqhinqo wozalo lweCocos.
Arua
I-Arua yidolobha elikwisifundazwe se Northern, eYuganda. Leli dolobha liyisiqongo sesifunda se Arua.
Tchikapika District
ITchikapika yisifunda esingaphansi kwesifundazwe se Cuvette, eKhongo-Brazzaville.
Magra District
IMagra yisifunda esingaphansi kwesifundazwe se M'Sila, e-Aljeriya.
Kabale
IKabale yidolobha elikwisifundazwe se Western, eYuganda. Leli dolobha liyisiqongo sesifunda se Kabale.
UmNgcikisho wesiCikizi
UmNgcikisho wesiCikizi uyigatsha lomngcikisho wamazuba kanye nenzululwazi yesicikizi elididiyela imikhakha eminingana yenzululwazi yesicikizi nomngcikisho wesizubisi obudingekayo ukuze kuthuthukiswe izingxenyekazi zesicikizi nehlelokusebenza.
Siaya County
ISiaya yisifundazwe sase Khenya.
Takelsa
ITakelsa ngumasipala futhi yidolobha elikwisifundazwe se Nabeul, eThuniziya.
Draâ El-Kaïd
IDraâ El-Kaïd ngumasipala futhi yidolobha elikwisifundazwe se Bejaia, e-Aljeriya.
U-Ashoka
U-Ashoka (304 - 232 BCE), owaziwa nangokuthi u-Ashoka Omkhulu, wayengumbusi waseNdiya woMbuso WaseMaurya. Wabusa cishe lonke izwekazi laseNdiya kusukela 268 BCE kuya ku-232 BCE. I-Ashoka yakhuthaza ukusabalala kweBuddhism kulo lonke elase-Asia yasendulo. Abaningi babembheka njengomunye wababusi abakhulu emhlabeni.
Sunoman Igundane
Sunoman Igundane (IsiNgisi: Mickey Mouse). Disney Television Animation. Disney-ABC Domestic Television. 2013.
IGcagcane
Kusilinganisazwe sika-Ekilidu, igcagcane lingumacalazaqa ovamile, okusho ukuthi linezinhlangothi ezine ezilinganayo nama izingoni ezine ezilinganayo (izingoni ezingamazinga angama-90, π/2 ama-radian angles, noma izingoni eziqhiyeme ).
Dawa Harewa
IDawa Harewa yi-woreda engaphansi kwesifundazwe se Amhara, e-Itiyopiya.
Tomoaki Makino
まーきのまーきの.
Yebo
Spaghetti Cooking Instructions: services:7pour 4litres of water Into a deep 10ml salt(optional)and bring to a brisk boil.Gently push 500 g spaghetti into Bolling water.Stir to separate strands. Briefly cover with lid until water boils again .Cook uncovered in fast bolling water for9-11 minutes until barely tender (Al dente). Remove from heat and drain in a colander or seive Serve immediately with your favourite sauce or topping
UmQhibuki
UmQhibuki ngumuntu onekhono kwezobuchwepheshe bokwaziswa nosebenzisa ulwazi analo lobuchule ukuze afinyelele empokophelweni noma anqobe ingqinamba, ngaphakathi kwesimiso esicikizwe ngezindlela ezingezona ezindinganiso ebekiwe. Nakuba ibizo elithi umqhibuki seliyamaniswa bokuqhibuka ezokuphepha – umuntu osebenzisa ulwazi analo lobuchule ukuze axhaphaze futhi agqekeze ezimisweni zesicikizi futhi afikelele imininingo engenakufikelelwa kalula – ukuqhibuka ikhono elingasetshenziswa nayizikhungo zomthetho ezimweni ezithile. Ngokwesibonelo, izinhlangano zomthetho nabaswbenzi bazo ngezinye izikhathi zisebenzisa ubunyoninco bokuqhibuka ukuze ziqoqe ubufakazi ngezigilamkhuba nezigebengu. Lokhu kungahlanganisa amathuluzi wokungaziwa (afana ne-VPN, noma ulwebu olufiphele) ukuze zisitheze ubuhlonzi bazo kuxhakaxholo, ngokuzishaya sengathi ziyizigebengu nazo. Ngokufanayo, izinhlangano zabancondi zomhlaba nazo zingasebenzisa ubunyoninco bokuqhibuka emisebenzini yazo engokomthetho. Kolunye uhlangothi, ukuqhibuka nokugasela kuxhakaxholo izinto ezisetshenziswa ngokungemthetho izinhlangano zomthetho nezokuphepha (lapho zenza ubuqhebeqhebe obungagunyaziwe), futhi zisetshenziswa nawumbuso njengesikhali empini engokomthetho nengekho emthethweni.
Sheko (woreda)
ISheko yi-woreda engaphansi kwesifundazwe se SNNPR, e-Itiyopiya.
N'dalatando
I-N'dalatando yidolobha eliyisiqongo sesifundazwe se Cuanza Norte, e-Angola.
Mafia Island
IMafia yisiqhingi futhi yisifunda esingaphansi kwesifundazwe se Pwani, eThanzaniya.
U-Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar
U-Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar (1891 - 1956) wayengungqondongqondo waseNdiya, i-philanthropist, isazi sezomnotho kanye nomguquli wezenhlalakahle. Ubhale uMthethosisekelo waseNdiya. Uthathwa njengomunye wezihlakaniphi ezinkulu eNdiya. Waqala inhlangano yama-Dalit Buddhist futhi wabuyisela ubuBuddha eNdiya.
Artuma Fursi
I-Artuma Fursi yi-woreda engaphansi kwesifundazwe se Amhara, e-Itiyopiya.
Maziwi Island
IMaziwi noma Maziwe yisiqhingi sase Thanzaniya.
Atbara District
I-Atbara yisifunda esingaphansi kwesifundazwe se River Nile, eSudan.
El-Flaye
I-El-Flaye ngumasipala futhi yidolobha elikwisifundazwe se Bejaia, e-Aljeriya.
Umhwebo
Umhwebo (noma Ibhizinisi) umkhuba wokuziphilisa noma ukwenza imali ngokukhiqiza noma ukuthenga nokudayisa imikhiqizo ( njengezingudla nezinkonzo ).
Inani lobuchwe
Inani lobuchwe noma inani lomlelesa wenuzi (uphawu Z) yenhlwa yevanga liyinani lomlelesa osenuzini yechwe. Enuzini evamile, leli nani lilingana nenani lenelesi noma inani lezinelesi ezisenuzini yawo wonke amachwe aleyonhlwa. Inani lobuchwe lingasasetshenziswa njengesihlonzi sezinhlwa zevanga ezivamile. Echweni elivamile elingaleleswanga, inani lobuchwe lilingana nenani lezinzuba.
EChweni elivamile eliqukethe iziNelesi, iziNtunge neziNzuba, isamba senani leChwe Z kanye nenani leNtunge N zakha inani lesisindo seChwe A. Njengoba iziNelesi neziNtunge cishe zinesisindo esifanayo (futhi isisindo seziNzuba zishaywa indiva ngezinjongo eziningi), isisindo seChwe noma yiliphi lapho sivezwa ngomuvo wenani lesisindo seChwe, siphakathi komuvo ekhulwini (1%) walo lonke inani A.
Porto Amboim
IPorto Amboim yidolobha futhi ngumasipala okwisifundazwe se Cuanza Sul, e-Angola.
Medjedel District
IMedjedel yisifunda esingaphansi kwesifundazwe se M'Sila, e-Aljeriya.
Menzel Temime
IMenzel Temime ngumasipala futhi yidolobha elikwisifundazwe se Nabeul, eThuniziya.
Intandelo yezinzwa
Intandelo yenzwa igama elisho isibalo esiphelele sazo zonke izinzwa ezihlanganiswe amanombe (synapses) ukuze zigununde izinsebenzo eziqinile lapho ziqebheziswa. Izintandelo zezinzwa zixhumaxhumene enye kwenye futhi zakha amaxhoxho obuchopho amakhulukazi.
Amaxhoxho weziNzwa zemvelo afake ugqozi ekuklanyweni kwamaxhoxho ezinzwa-mbulu, kodwa lawo maxhoxho ezinzwa-mbulu imvama awazona izifaniselo eziphelele zamaxhoxho ezinzwa zemvelo.
Moroto, Idolobha
IMoroto yidolobha elikwisifundazwe se Northern, eYuganda. Leli dolobha liyisiqongo sesifunda se Moroto.
Okuza Island
I-Okuza yisiqhingi sase Thanzaniya.
Busia County
IBusia yisifundazwe sase Khenya.
Mbomo District
IMbomo yisifunda esingaphansi kwesifundazwe se Cuvette-Ouest, eKhongo-Brazzaville.
Mbudya Island
IMbudya yisiqhingi esingaphansi kwesifundazwe se Dar es Salaam, eThanzaniya.
Ewo District
I-Ewo yisifunda esingaphansi kwesifundazwe se Cuvette-Ouest, eKhongo-Brazzaville.
Isabella Scherer
U-Isabella Medeiros Scherer (17 February 1996 - ) owaziwa nangokuthi u-Isabella Scherer, ungumlingisi waseIBrazili. UngowaseIBrazili.
Ouled Derradj District
I-Ouled Derradj yisifunda esingaphansi kwesifundazwe se M'Sila, e-Aljeriya.
Cassongue
ICassongue yidolobha futhi ngumasipala okwisifundazwe se Cuanza Sul, e-Angola.
Ouled Sidi Brahim District
I-Ouled Sidi Brahim yisifunda esingaphansi kwesifundazwe se M'Sila, e-Aljeriya.
Feraoun
IFeraoun ngumasipala futhi yidolobha elikwisifundazwe se Bejaia, e-Aljeriya.
Umcikizo
Umcikizo yinoma yiluphi uhlobo lokuqaqulula lwesibalonqangi olulandela unongo oluchasiswe kahle (isb, Umkholezima).
iziLekeleli eziyizinguxa noma zamazuba (noma, ngokomlando, abantu) abenza imicikizo abaziwa ngokuthi abacikizi. Umkhakha owaziwa kakhulu ngokufunda ngemicikizo yilowo wenzululwazi yesicikizi.
Inhlangano engenzi nzuzo
Inhlangano engenzi nzuzo ( NPO ), eyaziwa nangokuthi inhlangano engesona isihwebi, [ ] inhlangano engeyona eyenzuzo,  noma isikhungo esingenzi nzuzo,  yinhlangano esemthethweni ehlelelwe futhi egidingelwa inzuzo yabathile noma yomphakathi, ngokungafani nenhkangano eligidinga njengesihwebi esihlose ukukhiqizela abanikazi balo inzuzo.
Lucala
ILucala yidolobha futhi ngumasipala okwisifundazwe se Cuanza Norte, e-Angola.
Kelle District
IKelle yisifunda esingaphansi kwesifundazwe se Cuvette-Ouest, eKhongo-Brazzaville.
Okoyo District
I-Okoyo yisifunda esingaphansi kwesifundazwe se Cuvette-Ouest, eKhongo-Brazzaville.
Kemise
IKemise yidolobha futhi yi-woreda engaphansi kwesifundazwe se Amhara, e-Itiyopiya.
Argobba special woreda (Amhara)
I-Argobba yi-woreda engaphansi kwesifundazwe se Amhara, e-Itiyopiya.
Pangavini Island
IPangavini yisiqhingi sase Thanzaniya.
Ifenain Ilmathen
I-Ifenain Ilmathen ngumasipala futhi yidolobha elikwisifundazwe se Bejaia, e-Aljeriya.
Cela, Angola
ICela yidolobha futhi ngumasipala okwisifundazwe se Cuanza Sul, e-Angola.
UmNgcikisho
Ibizo lesizulu elithi 'umNgcikisho' lithathwe esenzweni sokungcikisha (esimqondofana 'ukulumba'), esisho 'ukuqamba, ukukhanda', esifanayo negama lesilathini okuthathwe kulo elithi enginneering (Latin 'ingenium', meaning "cleverness" and ingeniare, meaning "to contrive, devise.)
Incasiselo
UMkhandlu wabaNgcikishi baseMelika wokuThuthukiswa okuChwepheshile (The American Engineers' Council for Professional Development) uchasisa 'umngcikisho' ngokuthi: "Ukusetshenziswa ngobunomfiya kwezimiselo zenzululwazi lapho kuklanywa noma kuthuthukiswa izinhlaka, izinguxa, amathuluzi, noma izinqubo zokukhiqiza, noma imisebenzi ezisebenza zodwa noma ngokuzihlanganisa; noma ukuzakha noma ukuzigidinga ngokolwazi lomklamo wazo; noma ngokuqagula ukucondoza kwazo ngaphansi kwezimo zokugidinga ezithile; ngokuvumelana nokusebenza okuhlosiwe, amancozu wokugidingwa kwazo nokuphepha kwempilo nempahla."
uMlando
Umngcikisho yinto ebilokhu ikhona kusuka endulo lapho abantu bengcikisha iziqambo ezifana netshopi, isixakaxo, isondo nomdonso njll.
Ibizo lesizulu elithi umngcikisho lisuselwa esenzweni sokungcikisha, (esisho ukulumba, ukuqamba, ukukhanda, ukuklama). Leli kwakuyigama elisho isenzo sokuqamba amathuluzi amasha, nezindlela ezintsha zokwakha. Entshona leli bizo lalisho ukuqanjwa kwezinguxa zasempini zokuhlasela, ezifana nezihlingi (catapult), ezazikikijela amatshe abuthayo ngaphezu kwezingange zemizi engangeneki kalula. Elinye igama elihlone nelithi umNgcikisho, elithi ukulumba liyasetshenziswa ekuhumusheni elithi engine ngokuthi 'isilumbamdiki'.
Kamuva, lapho sekuklanywa izinhlaka zomphakathi, ezifana nemicabeko nemibijongo, futhi nazo zithathwa njengoqeqesho lobuchule, igama elithi 'umngcikisho wengqalasizinda' layeka ukusebenza kwezempi nasekuqambeni amathuluzi kuphela, futhi lakwazi ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwalabo abagxile ekwakheni izinhlaka onkungezona ezempi nalabo ababandakanyeka oqeqeshweni lomngcikisho wezempi.
Enkathini yasendulo
Izitshopolonco zaseGibhithe lasendulo, namadongolo waseMesopothamiya, umuzisiqongo (acropolis) yaseGrisi, namathumbamanzi waseRoma, umgwaqo wase-Aphiya neNkundlakazi (Colosseum), i-Teotihuacán, nendlu engcwele ka-Brihadeeswarar yase-Thanjavur, phakathi kwezinye, zimi njengobufakazi bobuchule nekhono labangcikishi bezempi nengqalasizinda basendulo. Izinye izakhiwo, ezingasmile, ezifana neziNsimu ezilengayo zaseBhabhiloni namaFaro wase-Alexandriya, zaziwukufezwa komngcikisho okubalulekile ngaleso sikhathi futhi zazibalwa phakathi kweziMangaliso eziyisiKhombisa zeZwe laseNdulo.
Izinguxa ezilula zakudala eziyisithupha zazaziwa emazweni amaningi njengaseMpuma ePhakathi yaseNdulo. Itshopi/izembe kanye negxalo zazaziwa kusuka enkathi yanguna. Isondo, nomshiza onesondo, kwaqanjwa kwelaseMesopotamiya ngenkulungwane yesi-5 BC. Zazikhona naseGibhithe zisetshenziswa njengomlunganiso wokulingana, nokunyukuzisa izinto ezinkulu ebuchwepheshenibemishini baseGubhithe lasendulo. Isixakaxo naso sasisetshenziselwa ekukhuphuleni amanzi emthonjeni, njengesigwadlulo sokuqala eminyakeni eyizi-3000 BC edlule. Ubufakazi bomdonso wokuqala nawo uvela kuzo lezi zindawo ezimbili. Isibhinyi, naso saqanjwa eMesophothamiya, enkathini yeminyaka (911-609 BC) emva kombuso wase-Asiriya. Izitshopolonco zaseGibhithe zakhiwa kusetshenziswa izinguxa ezilula ezintathu kulezo eziyisithupha ezaziwayo.
UmNgcikishi wengqalasizinda wangaphambili owaziwayo wayebizwa ngokuthi ngu-Imhotep. Njengesinye sezikhulu zikaFaro uDjoseri, kungenzeka uyena uwaklama futhi waqondisa ukwakhiwa kwesitshopolonco sikaDjoseri, esiseSaqqara eGibhithe cishe ngowezi-2630-2611 BC. Izinguxa zokuqala ezazifukuthwa ngamanzi ezisebenzayo, isondo lamanzi, lona lavela okokuqala embusweni wasePheresiya ekhulwini lesi-4 BC, endaweni namuhla eyaziwa nge-Iraq ne-Iran.
IKushi lona lathuthukisa i-Sakhiya ekhulwini lesi-4 BC, elalisebenza ngamandla wezilwane kunesidlakathi sabantu. I-Hafiri lathuthukiswa njengohlobo lwechibi ukuze luqakathe futhi lugcine amanzi futhi luxhase ekucheleleni. Abangcikishimpi babesetshenziswa ukwakha imicabekwana lapho kunemikhankaso yezempi. Obabamkhulu bamaKushi bakha namaliba enkathini yeThusi emaphakathi kwezi-3709-3250 BC.
IGrisi lasendulo lona lakha izinguxa zengqalasizinda nezempi. Kanjalo neRona lasendulo, kanye nelaseShayina lasendulo, amabutho wakulamazwe ayesebenzisa izinguxa zempi neziqambo zakhona ezifana nemicibisholo eyathuthukiswa cishe ngekhulu lesi-4 BC, kanye nomkhumbi wempi, isicibasidli (ballista) kanye nesihlingi.
UmNgcikisho weziQa
UmNgcikisho weziQa ungukusetshenziswa komchazandalo, umchazatho, umchazampilo kanye nezimiselo zomngcikisho ukuze kugunundwe imidludlungu yeziqa ezingeni lezentengiselwano, ezifana nokukhiqiza kwezithengiswa zeziqa, iziqa ezikhethelo, ukuhluzwa kwamafutha, ukulumbancinci (microfabrication), ukuvubela, nokukhiqizwa kwamachembempilo.
Nakasongola
INakasongola yidolobha elikwisifundazwe se Central, eYuganda. Leli dolobha liyisiqongo sesifunda se Nakasongola.
UmNgcikisho
UmNgcikisho weNgqalasizinda
UmNgcikisho weNgqalasizinda ungukuklanywa nokwakhiwa kwemisebenzi yasobala nesisulu, efana nengqalasizinda (izikhumulo zezindiza, imigwaqo, ujantshi, ukuhlinzeka ngamanzi nokuhlanzwa kwawo njll), imicabeko, imigudu, amachibi, nezakhiwo.
UmNgcikisho wamazuba
UmNgcikisho wamazuba ungukuklanywa, ukufundwa, nokukhiqizwa kwezinhlelo ezihlukene zamazuba nezezizubisi, ezifana nomNgcikisho wokusakaza, izintandelo zamazuba, izidikizisi zamazuba, izinguxa zobunzubawonga nezobunzubanguxa, izinguxa zamazuba, izintandelo zezizubisi, izinxoza zokukhanya, izinguxa zenzubakhanyo, izimiso zesicikizi, amathuluzi wezokuxumanade, izimiso zokulawula, kanye nezizubisi.
UmNgcikisho wezinguxa
UmNgcikisho wezinguxa ungukuklanywa nokukhiqizwa kwezimiso zezinguxa (imishini), ezifana nezimiso zamandla nesidlakathi, imikhiqizo yezindiza, izimiso zezikhali, imikhiqizo yezokuthutha, izilumbamdiki, izibuthazi (compressors), Ubuchwepheshe belinya, izifukuli zokuqhinga umqhikizeko, ezokukhiqiza, ezezithununu, izindiyane, amathuluzi wokulalela, nezobuNguxazubi (mechatronics).
UmNgcikishampilo
UmNgcikishampilo (Bioengineering) ungukungcikishwa kwezimiso eziphilayo ngokwenjongo ewusizo. Izibonelo zocwaningo lomngcikishampilo zihlanganisa Izinungwana ezingcikishelwe ukukhiqiza iziqa, ubuchwepheshe obusha bokufanisa, izinguxa eziphathwayo zokuxilonga izifo ngokushesha, prosthetics, amakhambempilo, kanye nezitho ezingcikishwe izicubu.
Shendi District
IShendi yisifunda esingaphansi kwesifundazwe se River Nile, eSudan.
UmNgcikisho
umNgcikisho wasemkhathini
umNgcikisho wasemkhathini uhlanganisa ukuklama, ukuthuthukisa ukukhanda nomgidingo wezindiza, amaduna, nezicibazulu.
umNgcikisho wamanzi
umNgcikisho wamanzi uhlanganisa ukuklama, ukuthuthukisa, ukukhanda nomgidingo wezikebhe nezinhlaka ezinganyakazi ezifana nemiganga yamafutha nezikhumulo.
umNgcikisho wesiCikizi
umNgcikisho wesiCikizi uyigatsha limngcikisho elididiyela imikhakha embalwa yenzululwazi yesiCikizi kanye nomngcikisho wezizubisi ezidingekayo ekutuuthukiseni izingxenye namahlelokusebenza wesiCikizi. Abangcikishi besiCikizi imvama baqeqeshelwe umNgcikisho wesizubisi, ukuklama ihlelokusebenza nokunye okuhlobene.
Al Matammah District, Sudan
I-Al Matammah yisifunda esingaphansi kwesifundazwe se River Nile, eSudan.
Gena Bosa
IGena Bosa yi-woreda engaphansi kwesifundazwe se SNNPR, e-Itiyopiya.
Vihiga County
IVihiga yisifundazwe sase Khenya.
Korba, Thuniziya
IKorba ngumasipala futhi yidolobha elikwisifundazwe se Nabeul, eThuniziya.
Mao-Komo special woreda
IMao-Komo yi-woreda engaphansi kwesifundazwe se Benishangul-Gumuz, e-Itiyopiya.
Ighil Ali
I-Ighil Ali ngumasipala futhi yidolobha elikwisifundazwe se Bejaia, e-Aljeriya.
Conda, Angola
IConda yidolobha futhi ngumasipala okwisifundazwe se Cuanza Sul, e-Angola.
Isara (woreda)
I-Isara yi-woreda engaphansi kwesifundazwe se SNNPR, e-Itiyopiya.
Grombalia
IGrombalia ngumasipala futhi yidolobha elikwisifundazwe se Nabeul, eThuniziya.
Indwemozwe
Indwemozwe (inhlanganisela yamagama 'indwemo' elivela esenzweni esithi 'ukundwema' nelithi 'izwe ') igama elivamise ukuchaza umphakathi ocatshangwayo, wamaphupho noma umphakathi onezimfanelo ezifiseleka kakhulu noma ezicishe ziphelele kumalungu awo. Kodwa, lingabhekisela emphakathini ohlosiwe.
Izindwemozwe ezihlawumbiselwayo zigxila —phakathi kokunye—ekulinganeni, naseminxeni efana nezomnotho, uhulumeni nobulungisa, kodwa ngendlelasu nohlaka lokuzigununda oluhlukahlukayo ngokusekwa inkolelombono. ULyman Tower Sargent uveza ukuthi isimo sendwemozwe sinokuziphikisa ngokwaso ngoba imiphakathi ayishoni nganxanye njengamanzi futhi inezinkanuko eziphikisanayo ngalokho ayikwazi ukwaneliswa ngokufanayo. Uma simcaphuna uthi: "Kunezindwemozwe zocosulelwano, zobuhlohlesakhe, zobukhosi, zombusowabantu, zokungabuswa, zoxhaxhamvelo, zobufazanisi, zobunzalamizi, zokulingana, zobuqhiwu, zokucwasa ngokwebala, zophiko lobunxele, zophiko lobunene, zokulungisa, zothanda olukhululekile, zomkhaya ojijiwe, zomndeni omncane, zobungqingili, nezinye eziningi ezifana nezobundalo, namaKristu anqunu,... abanye baphika ngokuthi, ubundwemozwe, bumqoka ekuthuthukisweni isimo soluntu. Kodwa uma busethsenziswa kabi, bungaba ingozi. Kulapho indwemozwe eba nokuziphikisa khona. Utopianism: A very short introduction (2010) Okulungene nendwemozwe yilokho okubizwa ngobuNuphe (dystopia). Izinganeko zendwemozwe nobuNuphe zinesibunge emunxeni wezincwadi.
Sidi Aïssa District
ISidi Aïssa yisifunda esingaphansi kwesifundazwe se M'Sila, e-Aljeriya.
Kisumu County
IKisumu yisifundazwe sase Khenya.
IsiTumbuka
Ulimi lwesiTumbuka wulimi lwesiBantu olukhulunywa esifundeni esiseNyakatho neMalawi futhi nasesifundeni iLundazi eZambia. Kuyaziwa nangokuthi Chitumbuka noma Citumbuka - isiqalo se- chi- phambi kweTumbuka sisho "ulimi lwama-", futhi kulokhu kuyaqondakala ukuthi kusho ukuthi "ulimi ( lwabantu baseTumbuka )".Isi-Tumbuka kungokwalabo iqembu elifanayo ulimi ( Guthrie Zone N ) njengoba Chewa futhi Sena.
Asosa (woreda)
I-Asosa noma Assosa yi-woreda engaphansi kwesifundazwe se Benishangul-Gumuz, e-Itiyopiya.
IsiTumbuka
I-World Almanac (1998) ilinganisela ukuthi kunezikhulumi zesiTumbuka ezibalelwa ku-2 000 000,yize eminye imithombo ilinganisela inani elincane kakhulu. Iningi lezikhulumi zesiTumbuka kuthiwa zihlala eMalawi. IsiTumbuka sikhulunywa kakhulu ezilimini zaseNyakatho Malawi, ikakhulukazi ezifundeni zaseRumphi, eMzuzu, naseMzimba.
Kukhona umehluko omkhulu phakathi kohlobo lwesiTumbuka olukhulunywa ezindaweni ezisemadolobheni eMalawi (okuboleka amanye amagama avela esiSwahili naseChewa ) kanye "nomzana" noma "isijulile" isiTumbuka esikhulunywa ezigodini.Ukuhluka kweRumphi kuvame ukubhekwa njenge "msulwa ngokwamalimi", futhi kwesinye isikhathi kubizwa nge- "Tumbuka yangempela". I Mzimba lwesigodi iye kakhulu ukuthonywa Zulu (chiNgoni), ngisho kude ukuze abe ukuchofoza ngamagama afana chitha "chama",okungekho kwezinye izilimi.
Ulimi lwesiTumbuka lwahlupheka ngesikhathi sokubusa kukaMongameli uHastings Kamuzu Banda,lusukela ngo-1968 ngenxa yenqubomgomo yakhe yolimi olulodwa, lwalahlekelwa isikhundla salo njengolimi olusemthethweni eMalawi.Ngenxa yalokho, uTumbuka wasuswa ezifundweni zesikole, emsakazweni kazwelonke, nakwabezindaba abaphrintayo. Ngokufika kwentando yeningi yamaqembu amaningi ngo-1994, izinhlelo zesiTumbuka zaqalwa futhi emsakazweni, kodwa inani lezincwadi nokunye okushicilelwa ngesiTumbuka lisalokhu liphansi.
I-Orthography
Ababili izinhlelo yokubhala Isi-Tumbuka kuyasetshenziswa: isipelingi bendabuko (wasebenzisa isibonelo Chitumbuka nguqulo ye Wikipedia nasemaphephandabeni Fuko ), ngamagama banthu 'abantu' chaka 'unyaka' zibhalwe ngo-'b 'no' ch ', kanye nesipelingi esisha esisemthethweni (esisetshenziswe ngokwesibonelo kusichazamazwi seCitumbuka esishicilelwe online yiCentre for Language Studies kanye naseBhayibhelini eliku-inthanethi), lapho amagama afanayo abhalwe khona 'W' futhi 'c', isib ŵanthu futhi caka. (Umsindo 'wa' uyindilinga eseduze [w] obizwa ngolimi endaweni eseduze-i. ) cakulya 'nokuthi' l 'kuphi, isb cakulya (Isichazamazwi) noma i- cakurya (IBhayibheli) 'ukudla'. (Empeleni [l] kanye no- [r] kukhona allophones okufanayo phoneme . Kukhona futhi ukungabaza phakathi kwezipelingi 'sk' no 'sy' (womabili miskombe futhi misyombe ('bamboo') zitholakala kusichazamazwi seCitumbuka).
Onkamisa
Onkamisa abafanayo /a/, /ɛ/, /i/, /ɔ/, /u/ no syllabic /m̩/ batholakala esiTumbuka njengasolimini olungumakhelwane iChewa.
Ongwaqa
Ongwaqa besiTumbuka nabo bayafana nalabo beChewa esakhelene nabo, kepha ngokuhlukahluka okuthile. Imisindo eqhubekayo ethi /ɣ/, /β/ no /h/, engekho noma ebekelwe eceleni eChewa, ijwayelekile eTumbuka. Okunye futhi okuvamisile ukuthi kube yimisindo e-palatalised /vʲ/, /fʲ/, /bʲ/, /pʲ/, /skʲ/, /zgʲ/, kanye /ɽʲ/. ETumbuka azikho izifunda ezifana /psʲ/, /bzʲ/, /t͡s/, /d͡z/. Imisindvo /s/ kanye /z/ nsómba, kuze Chewa nsómba ('fish') = somba. Umsindo /ʃ/ utholakala kuphela kumagama angaphandle afana shati ('ihembe') kanye ne- shuga ('ushukela'). UTumbuka /ɽ/ kwesinye isikhathi uhambelana neChewa /d/, ngokwesibonelo Chewa kudwala 'to be ill' = Tumbuka kulwala, Chewa kudya 'to eat' = Tumbuka kulya. Ukuphinyiselwa kwe- "sk" ne- "zg" kuyahlukahluka ngokuya ngolimi lwesigodi.
Pawe special woreda
IPawe yi-woreda engaphansi kwesifundazwe se Benishangul-Gumuz, e-Itiyopiya.
Songo Songo Island
ISongo Songo yisiqhingi esincane esingaphansi kwesifundazwe se Lindi, eThanzaniya.
Adjumani
I-Adjumani yidolobha elikwisifundazwe se Northern, eYuganda. Leli dolobha liyisiqongo sesifunda se Adjumani.
IsiTumbuka
Ongwaqa
Ongwaqa besiTumbuka bavamise ukuzalwa (okusho ukuthi kulandelwa ngu / y /) noma kuyindilinga (isb. Kulandelwa ngu / w /. Ezinye zazo zingaphinde zandulelwe nge- homorganic nasal (/ n /, / ng '/ noma / m /). Inhlanganisela yongwaqa ongaba khona ikhonjiswa etafuleni elingezansi:
Ithoni
Omunye umehluko omkhulu phakathi kweChewa nesiTumbuka ukuthi isiChewa ulimi lwethoni, kanti esiTumbuka akukho mehluko wethoni phakathi kwegama negama.
UTumbuka unezimpawu zokuthona kodwa ngendlela elinganiselwe kakhulu, ngokuthi igama ngalinye, elikhulunywa lodwa, linezwi elifanayo lokuwa esihlahleni sokugcina (nalo elihambisana nengcindezi). Ngakho-ke akwenzeki ukuthi esiTumbuka kuqhathaniswe amagama amabili ahlukene noma izinkathi ezimbili ezahlukene ngokwe-tonally, njengoba kunjalo ngesiChewa nezinye izilimi zeBantu. Kodwa-ke, leli thoni lokugcina lokuwa livela hhayi kuwo wonke amagama, kodwa kuphela egameni lokugcina lomusho wephonological; isib. emshweni olandelayo, igama lesibili kuphela elinethoni, elokuqala alinalo ithoni:
Etoumbi District
I-Etoumbi yisifunda esingaphansi kwesifundazwe se Cuvette-Ouest, eKhongo-Brazzaville.
Abim, Yuganda
I-Abim yidolobha elikwisifundazwe se Northern, eYuganda. Leli dolobha liyisiqongo sesifunda se Abim.
I-Enon, IMpumalanga Kapa
I-Enon yidolobha elincane eliseMpumalanga Kapa, eNingizimu Afrika.
Inkampani
Inkampani ingenziwa ibe ngumuntu osemthethweni kuze inkampani ngokwayo ulibe nesimelo esiwumkhawulo lapho amalunga ehluleka ukwenza imisebenzi yawo ngokwesimemezelo sasobala sokuba inkampani, noma inqubomgomo eshicilelwe. Lapho inkampani ivalwa, kungadingeka ukuba ithengise ukuze igweme isibopho esingokomthetho.
Izincazelo nezincasiselo
Inkampani ingachasiswa ngokuthi "umenzo okhandiwe", ongabonakali, ongaphatheki, odalwa ngokomthetho, onesithunzi esingokomthetho, uchunge lwaphakade, nomqwamba owodwa. Ngaphandle kwezikhundla ezithile eziphezulu, izinkampani azithintwa ukufa, ukuhlanya, noma izikweletu zamalungu wazo.
Sekuru Kaguvi
Sekuru Kaguvi (Kagubi, Kakubi), kwaba svikiro ( medium ), umholi ubuzwe eZimbabwe pre-koloni, futhi umholi Shona kokuhlubuka kuka-1896-1897 ngokumelene European umthetho, eyaziwa ngokuthi i- Chimurenga Okokuqala. I-soubriquet "Kaguvi" wanikwa yona ngoba kwathiwa uzokhulumela umoya wendabuko wamaShona uNkulunkulu. Lapho ukuhlubuka kudilika, wabekwa icala lokubulala iphoyisa lase-Afrika elibizwa ngokuthi 'uCharlie', ayelisola ngokusebenzisana neziphathimandla zamakoloni. UKaguvi watholakala enecala futhi walengiswa ngo-1898.
UbuChwepheshe boKwaziswa
Ubuchwepheshe bokwaziswa ( CK ) buwukusetshenziswa kweziCikizi ukwakha, ukudludlunga, ukugcina, ukubuyisa nokushintshanisa zonke izinhlobo zemininingo nokwaziswa. Ubu-CK yakha ingxenye yobuChwepheshe boKwaziswa nokuXhumana (CKX). Isimiso sobuchwepheshe bokwaziswa ngokuvamile okuyisimiso sokwaziswa, isimiso sezokuxhumana, noma ngokungagunci, isimiso sesiCikizi — sihlanganisa zonke izingxenye, amahlelokusebenza, nezifukuli ezixhunywayo — ezigidingwa iqembu elincane labasebenzisi bo-CK.
Sekuru Kaguvi
Ezinye izazi-mlando zamaNdebele zithi igama elithi "Kaguvi" liyisinengiso segama lakhe ngabantu baseYurophu,nokuthi igama lakhe langempela kwakungu "Kakubi Ncube". Baphinde bathi ngokubambisana noNehenda, waqinisekisa ukuthi amaShona azovuka kanyekanye namaNdebele eFirst Chimurenga.