cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Norton, Zimbabwe
INorton noma IChivero yidolobha elikwisifundazwe se Mashonaland West, eZimbabwe.
Paul McCartney
Paul McCartney ngumdlali ngebhendi Ama-Beatles.
Doodota
IDoodota yi-woreda engaphansi kwesifundazwe se Oromia, e-Itiyopiya.
Nsama District
INsama yisifunda sesifundazwe se Northern, eZambiya.
Londiani
ILondiani yidolobha elikwisifundazwe se Kericho, eKhenya.
Otjinene Constituency
I-Otjinene yisifunda esikwisifundazwe se Omaheke, eNamibhiya.
Senga District
ISenga yisifunda sesifundazwe se Northern, eZambiya.
Transvaal Province
Isifunda weTransvaal yasifunda e-Umbuso waseNingizimu Afrika ngo-1910 - 1961, neRiphabliki yaseNingizimu Afrika, ngo-1961 - 1994.
El Fahs
I-El Fahs ngumasipala futhi yidolobha elikwisifundazwe se Zaghouan, eThuniziya.
Shanghai
Shanghai amadolobha iShayina elikhulu. IShanghai ingomunye womasipala abane abaphethwe ngqo bePeople's Republic of China. Ingaphansi kokuphathwa okuqondile koMkhandlu Wombuso waseChina. Idolobha lisogwini oluseningizimu yeYangtze, noMfula iHuangpu ugeleza ngalo. Ngabantu abayizigidi ezingama-24.28 kusukela ngo-2019, iyindawo enabantu abaningi kakhulu emadolobheni aseChina futhi idolobha lesibili elinabantu abaningi emhlabeni. IShanghai iyisikhungo somhlaba wonke sezezimali, ucwaningo, ezobuchwepheshe, ezokukhiqiza nezokuthutha, kanti iPort of Shanghai iyichweba lamabhasi elixakeke kakhulu emhlabeni.
IShanghai ichazwe njenge "mbukiso" womnotho odlondlobele waseChina. Iqukethe izitayela eziningi zokwakha ezifana ne-Art Deco ne-shikumen, idolobha laziwa kakhulu nge-Lujiazui skyline, iminyuziyamu kanye nezakhiwo zomlando-kufaka phakathi i-City God Temple, i-Yu Garden, i-China Pavilion kanye nezakhiwo ezise-Bund. IShanghai yaziwa futhi ngokudla kwayo okunoshukela, ulimi oluhlukile kanye nobukhazikhazi bamazwe omhlaba obunamandla. Njalo ngonyaka, idolobha liba nemicimbi eminingi yezwe neyamazwe omhlaba, kufaka phakathi iShanghai Fashion Week, iChinese Grand Prix, neChinaJoy. Ngo-2018, iShanghai isingathe umbukiso wokuqala we-China International Import Expo (CIIE), okuwumbukiso wokuqala wezwe lonke wokungenisa.
Boksburg
Boksburg iyidolobha eGauteng.
Meskiana
IMeskiana ngumasipala futhi yidolobha elikwisifundazwe se Oum El Bouaghi, e-Aljeriya.
Chavuma District
IChavuma yisifunda sesifundazwe se North-Western, eZambiya.
Ikelenge District
IKelenge yisifunda sesifundazwe se North-Western, eZambiya.
Gobabis Constituency
IGobabis yisifunda esikwisifundazwe se Omaheke, eNamibhiya.
Michelangelo
Michelangelo di Lodovico Buonarroti Simoni (6 ngoNdasa 1475 – 18 ngoNhlolanja 1564), isiga Michelangelo.
Gatundu South Constituency
IGatundu South yisifunda esingaphansi kwesifundazwe se Kiambu, eKhenya.
Gcuwa, kwaXhosa
Gcuwa (emva kwa-Butterworth) iyidolobha kwaXhosa eRiphabliki yaseNingizimu Afrika.
Dudu Mntowaziwayo Ndlovu
UDudu Mntowaziwayo Ndlovu (25 Disemba 1957 - 4 Meyi 1992), owayedume ngelikaDudu Zulu, wayengumdansi wamaZulu, owayeshaya izingoma, futhi ecula namaqembu aseNingizimu Afrika iJuluka kanye (kamuva) noSavuka.UNdlovu udanse nozakwabo uJohnny Clegg iminyaka eminingi, esiteji nasemigwaqweni yaseSoweto naseJeppestown.
NgoMeyi 1992, ngenkathi eya kwakhe eSiphongweni esuka komakhelwane, uDudu wadutshulwa wabulawa eseduze.Lokhu kuhlasela kwenzeke emzileni othuli ngaseGreytown KwaZuluNatal.Akuqiniseki ukuthi uNdlovu wayehlosiwe yini, noma wayephutha ngomunye umuntu.Ezinye izakhamizi zidutshulwe "ngephutha" empini yamatekisi yasendaweni.
Ngonyaka olandelayo,uJohnny Clegg noSavuka baqopha i-albhamu yokugcina ndawonye:Heat, Dust and Dreams.UClegg unikele ngevidiyo yomculo ethi "The Crossing (Osiyeza)",iculo eliku-albhamu, wayibhalela uNdlovu.
Kalahari Constituency
IKalahari yisifunda esikwisifundazwe se Omaheke, eNamibhiya.
ILibhiya
Libhiya (‏ليبيا, isiBerber: ⵍⵉⴱⵢⴰ, Libya) yizwe lase Afrika.
Lokichogio
ILokichogio yidolobha elikwisifundazwe se Turkana, eKhenya.
Honqoolo Waabe
IHonqoolo Waabe yi-woreda engaphansi kwesifundazwe se Oromia, e-Itiyopiya.
Kabompo District
IKabompo yisifunda sesifundazwe se North-Western, eZambiya.
IRashiya
IRashiya (isiRashiya: Россия Rossíya) izwe laseYurophu eMpumalanga nalase-Eshiya eseNyakatho. IRashiya yizwe elikhulu kunawo wonke amazwe omhlaba. Isiqongo saseRashiya IMoskwa (Москва, Moskvá). Ulimi isiRashiya.
Dutywa
IDutywa (emva kwa-Idutywa) yidolobha elikwisifundazwe se Mpumalanga Kapa, eNingizimu Afrika. Leli dolobha liyindawo yokuzalwa kwa-Thabo Mbeki, owayenguMongameli waseNingizimu Afrika ngonyaka we-1999 kuya onyakeni wezi-2008. Amakhilomitha amashumi amathathu nanhlanu enyakatho kwa-Gcuwa endlela N2. Idutywa eMasipala Mbhashe kwaHlelo Amathole.
Umlando
Wayetholakala ngo-1858. Igama isho "indawo wenhlupheko" esiXhosa. Igama wayeshintsha "Idutywa" kuya "Dutywa", 16 ngo-July 2004.
Oued Nini
I-Oued Nini ngumasipala futhi yidolobha elikwisifundazwe se Oum El Bouaghi, e-Aljeriya.
IMadagasika
IMadagasika yizwe lase-Afrika.
Zarzouna Delegation
IZarzouna yisifunda esingaphansi kwesifundazwe se Bizerte, eThuniziya.
Mostaganem Province
IMostaganem yisifundazwe sase Aljeriya.
Alla Pugacheva
U-Alla Pugatshova (isiRashiya: Алла Пугачёва; 15 ngoMbasa 1949) unguhlabeleli eRashiya.
AmaNyangatom
INyangatom eyaziwa nangokuthi iDongiro futhi ngokujongwa njengeBumé ngabelusi bezolimo baseNilotic abahlala emngceleni oseningizimu-ntshonalanga ye- Ethiopia naseningizimu-mpumalanga yeSouth Sudan nase- Ilemi Triangle enabantu abahlala kuwo womabili la mazwe.bangabalimi abaxubekile Bakhuluma ulimi lwesiNyangatom.
Ukubuka konke
I Nyangatom bangamalungu Ateker noma Karamojong cluster ukuthi iqukethe Turkana, Toposa, Karamojong, futhi Jie abakhuluma izilimi ahlobene eduze. Babalwa cishe ngama-30,000 anabantu eSouth Sudan nase-Ethiopia.AmaNyangatom amaningi ayimizulane, ahlala ezigodini ezihamba imfuyo ezingathutha kaningana ngonyaka.Inani elikhulu leNyangatom nalo lihlala ezigodini ezihlala njalo.Kujwayelekile ukuthi abantu bahambe phakathi kwamakamu ezinkomo ezihambahambayo kanye nemizana ehlala unomphela.
I Nyangatom babe ukungqubuzana ngakanye nge omakhelwane babo abaningi babethembe, ikakhulukazi Turkana, Dassanetch, futhi Suri .Uhulumeni waseKenya unikeza ukusekelwa kwamasosha eTurkana kulezi zingxabano.Yize kunengozi yokungqubuzana kwamaqembu, iNyangatom eningi inezihlobo ezisondelene namalungu amanye amaqembu futhi kunobudlelwano bezohwebo phakathi kweNyangatom nomakhelwane bayo abaningi.
Kanye namanye amaqembu eLower Omo Valley, iNyangatom ibhekene nezinselelo esikhathini esizayo sokuziphilisa namasiko abo ngenxa yemiklamo emikhulu yezolimo eyenzeka endaweni yabo.
IHlelo Amathole
iHlelo Amathole iyihlelo eRiphabliki yaseNingizimu Afrika.
IJalimani
iJalimani iyisizwe laseYurophu.
Gatundu North Constituency
IGatundu North yisifunda esingaphansi kwesifundazwe se Kiambu, eKhenya.
Brett Murray
Brett Murray (ubezalwa ngo-1961) ubependa umdwebo The Spear.
Otjombinde Constituency
I-Otjombinde yisifunda esikwisifundazwe se Omaheke, eNamibhiya.
Aminuis Constituency
I-Aminuis yisifunda esikwisifundazwe se Omaheke, eNamibhiya.
Kasempa District
IKasempa yisifunda sesifundazwe se North-Western, eZambiya.
Ruwa
IRuwa yidolobha elikwisifundazwe se Mashonaland East, eZimbabwe.
Okorukambe Constituency
I-Okorukambe yisifunda esikwisifundazwe se Omaheke, eNamibhiya.
Illoula Oumalou
I-Illoula Oumalou ngumasipala futhi yidolobha elikwisifundazwe se Tizi Ouzou, e-Aljeriya.
Frederik Willem de Klerk
Frederik Willem de Klerk (ubezalwa 18 ngoNdasa 1936 - Novemba 11, 2021) ungumongameli udlulile weRipabhliki yaseNingizimu Afrika. Uyayenza Isisekelo F. W. de Klerk.
Kalumbila District
IKalumbila yisifunda sesifundazwe se North-Western, eZambiya.
Manyinga District
IManyinga yisifunda sesifundazwe se North-Western, eZambiya.
Nadhour
INadhour ngumasipala futhi yidolobha elikwisifundazwe se Zaghouan, eThuniziya.
Murqub District
IMurqub yisifundazwe sase Libhiya.
Lodwar
ILodwar yidolobha eliyisiqongo sesifundazwe se Turkana, eKhenya.
Bouderbala
IBouderbala ngumasipala futhi yidolobha elikwisifundazwe se Bouïra, e-Aljeriya.
Gabes Medina Delegation
IGabes Medina yisifunda esingaphansi kwesifundazwe se Gabès, eThuniziya.
Bagrut certificate
Ukubuka konke
Isitifiketi saseBagrut sinikezwa nguMnyango Wezemfundo wakwa -Israyeli kubafundi abaphasa izivivinyo ezibhalwe phansi (futhi kwezinye izimo zomlomo) izivivinyo zezihloko ezinamamaki okudlula (55% noma ngaphezulu) esivivinyweni ngasinye.Isitifiketi Bagrut Nokho akufanele kudidaniswe nge -diploma esikoleni esiphakeme (te'udat g'mar tichon, Hebrew  ، Isi-Arabhu : شهادة انهاء الثانويّة), okuyisitifiketi esikhishwe nguMnyango Wezemfundo esifakazela ukuthi umfundi uqede iminyaka eyi-12 yokufunda.Izikolo zeBagrut zingenye yezinqubo ezihlolwe ekusetshenzisweni kwamayunithi aphambili ezempi kanye nezikhungo zemfundo zakwa-Israyeli.Ezinye izindlela zibandakanya amamaki ezikole zamabanga aphezulu kanye nePsychometric Entrance Test.
Ukuhlolwa kweBagrut kuvame ukuqhathaniswa  eya eNew York State Regents Examinations, izivivinyo ze-College Board 's Advanced Placement (AP), amaBritish A-level, ama- Abitur aseJalimane kanye ne-European Matura.
Izivivinyo zeBagrut
Ukuhlolwa kweBagrut kuhlola ulwazi ngezifundo ezifundwe esikoleni esiphakeme. Inqubo yokubhala umatikuletsheni kwa-Israyeli igadwe nguMnyango Wezemfundo wezwe.Ukuhlolwa kwazo zonke izifundo eziphoqelekile kanye nezifundo eziningi zokukhetha kuklanywa futhi kwabhalwa nguMnyango, ngaleyo ndlela kwakha isilinganiso esijwayelekile solwazi lwabafundi ezweni lonke.Ezikoleni eziphakeme ezigxile ezifundweni, iminyaka emibili edlule yezifundo yenzelwe ukulungiselela abafundi izivivinyo ze-bagrut.
Izihloko eziphoqelekile
Izifundo ezincike ezikoleni
Izinga lokushaya nelokuphasa
Izivivinyo eziningi zitholakala emazingeni ahlukene obunzima, avezwe "kumayunithi wokufunda".Ezifundweni eziningi, abafundi bangakhetha inani lamayunithi abahlolwa kuwo.Ukuze uthole isitifiketi “esigcwele” sikamatikuletsheni, umfundi kufanele athathe futhi aphumelele okungenani ukuhlolwa okukodwa kwezifundo ezingeni lobunzima lamayunithi ama-5 futhi athole inani lamayunithi okungenani angama-21 ahlangene okufunda kuzo zonke izivivinyo ze-bagrut ezithathiwe.Ngokunjalo, ukwakheka kwamakilasi abafundi phakathi neminyaka yabo yokufunda esikoleni samabanga aphezulu kufaniswa namayunithi abafundi okulindeleke ukuthi bafunde kuwo lapho bezohlolwa khona ezivivinyweni zabo ze-bagrut.Ngakho-ke, ngokwesibonelo, umfundi ohlela ukwenza isivivinyo se-5-unit mathematics uzothatha izifundo zezibalo eziklanyelwe izinga lobunzima lamayunithi ama-5 kuwo wonke umsebenzi wakhe wesikole esiphakeme.
U-65.5% wabafundi abaphothule esikoleni esiphakeme sakwa-Israeli sakwa-2014, noma abanye abantu abafundela ukuhlolwa kuka-2014 (imvamisa abantu abasebenza empini ngemuva kokuphoqeleka abagcwalisa izidingo zeBagrut kamuva empilweni ukuze bafake isicelo semfundo ephakeme) sebedlulise izidingo zokufanelekela ukuthola iBagrut isitifiketi.Kubantu bonke ababeneminyaka yobudala yokuphothula esikoleni esiphakeme ngo-2019, ama-76.1% ayenelungelo lokuthola isitifiketi seBagrut.
Umlando wakamuva
Ikhophi yezivivinyo zezibalo zango-2010 (emazingeni amane kuya kwayisihlanu) yadalulwa izitshudeni, kodwa uthisha wabikela iziphathimandla kwafakwa okunye ukuhlolwa.
Ouled Gacem
I-Ouled Gacem ngumasipala futhi yidolobha elikwisifundazwe se Oum El Bouaghi, e-Aljeriya.
Anamulenge Constituency
I-Anamulenge yisifunda esikwisifundazwe se Omusati, eNamibhiya.
IPod
I-iPod
Bagrut certificate
Umlando wakamuva
Ngo-2011, iphesenti labaneminyaka engu-17 abaphumelela izivivinyo zebanga leshumi lenyuka laya kumaphesenti angama-48.3, futhi nenani labafundi ababhala izivivinyo kuzo zombili izinhlelo zezikole zamaJuda nezama-Arab zakhula.
Futhi, eminyakeni eyishumi edlule, izivivinyo ze-bagrut zisaputshuka imizuzu engu-5-10 ngaphambi kwesikhathi sokuqala kwezivivinyo.
Guuna (woreda)
IGuuna yi-woreda engaphansi kwesifundazwe se Oromia, e-Itiyopiya.
Chegutu
IChegutu yidolobha elikwisifundazwe se Mashonaland West, eZimbabwe.
Thika Town Constituency
IThika Town yisifunda esingaphansi kwesifundazwe se Kiambu, eKhenya.
Zahara
Zahara ngumculi nembongi yaseNingizimu Afrika. Iqoqo ukuqala lathengisa ama-100,000 ezinsuku ama-19.
Isekela Mongameli eNingizimu Afrika
Isekela Mongameli eNingizimu Afrika manje nguDavid Mabuza.
Amasekela Mongameli ngaphambilini nguJacob Zuma, Kgalema Motlanthe noThabo Mbeki.
Mushindamo District
IMushindamo yisifunda sesifundazwe se North-Western, eZambiya.
Mufumbwe District
IMufumbwe yisifunda sesifundazwe se North-Western, eZambiya.
Wayne Coyne
Wayne Michael Coyne (ubezalwa 13 ngoMasingane 1961).
Gugu Mbatha-Raw
Gugulethu Sophia Mbatha-Raw MBE ( /Ɡ U ɡ U əm b AE t ə r ɔː / ;owazalwa ngomhlaka 21 Ephreli 1983) ungumlingisi ongumNgisi. Ngemuva kokufunda eRoyal Academy of Dramatic Art, waqala ukulingisa kumabonakude waseBrithani nakwimidlalo yasesiteji, wavela ochungechungeni lwezinganekwane zesayensi uDoctor Who (2007), waqhubeka wabonakala kwifilimu yamahlaya kaTom Hanks uLarry Crowne (2011), nochungechunge lwesikhashana lwethelevishini i- Undercovers (2010) neTouch (2012).
Isiqalo sokuphila
UGugulethu Sophia Mbatha-Raw wazalwa ngomhlaka 21 Ephreli 1983 e- Oxford, indodakazi kaPatrick Mbatha, ongudokotela waseNingizimu Afrika, kanye no-Anne Raw, umhlengikazi oyiNgisi.Wakhulela eWitney. Igama lakhe lokuqala ukusikwa kwe- igugu lethu, okusho ukuthi "umcebo wethu" ngesiZulu nangesiXhosa.
Unentshisekelo ekulingiseni, emdansweni, nakwithiyetha yomculo kusukela esemncane, uMbatha-Raw wafunda e- Henry Box School futhi wabamba iqhaza kwiNational Youth Theatre. Izikweletu zakhe zifaka ukudansa eJudy Tompsett School of Dance, manje esaziwa ngeMarsh Tompsett School of Dance. Ngo-2001, wathuthela eLondon ukuyoziqeqesha eRoyal Academy of Dramatic Art. Ngesikhathi sakhe njengomfundi ubesebenza endaweni ekhangayo esanda kuvulwa, iThe London Eye.
Umsebenzi wokuqala
UMbatha-Raw wadlala izindima ezincane ochungechungeni lwethelevishini olufana neBad Girls (2006) neMarple (2007). KuDoctor Who ayebhalwe njengoTish Jones, udadewabo womlingani uMartha Jones, ovelele kakhulu ku- " The Lazarus Experiment " (2007). Esinye seziqalo zakhe zedrama kwakuseRomeo noJuliet eRoyal Exchange Theatre, eManchester ngo-2005, edlala uJuliet ebhekene noAndrew Garfield njengoRomeo. UMbatha-Raw uqokwe njengomlingisi ovelele kumaManchester Evening News Theatre Awards ngokulingisa kwakhe uJuliet. Uphinde wavela njengo-Octavia e- Antony naseCleopatra enkundleni efanayo yaseshashalazini ngo-2005.
Ngo-2009, uMbatha-Raw wadlalwa njengo-Ophelia eHamlet eLondon eWest End naseBroadway, okuphambene noJud Law njengendima ephambili NgoSepthemba 2010,wadlalwa emdlalweni kamabonakude kaJJ Abrams i- Undercovers, ngemuva kokumbona eHamlet .Uchungechunge lakhanselwa ezinyangeni ezimbili kamuva.
Apple
Apple iyinkampane yaseMelika eyenza amakhompyutha. Yenza i-iPod ne-iPad kanye ne-iPhone.
Website: Apple.com
iPhone
I-iPhone ilayini wama-Smartphones aklanywe futhi athengiswa yi-Apple Inc. asebenzisa uhlelo olusebenzayo lwe-Apple lwe-Apple. I-iPhone yesizukulwane sokuqala yamenyezelwa ngowayengumphathi we-Apple uSteve Jobs ngoJanuwari 9, 2007. Kusukela lapho u-Apple ukhiphe minyaka yonke izinhlobo ezintsha ze-iPhone nezibuyekezo ze-iOS. Kusukela ngoNovemba 1, 2018, sekuthengiswe ama-iPhones angaphezu kwezigidigidi ezi-2.2.
Gabes West Delegation
IGabes West yisifunda esingaphansi kwesifundazwe se Gabès, eThuniziya.
Juja Constituency
IJuja yisifunda esingaphansi kwesifundazwe se Kiambu, eKhenya.
Etayi Constituency
I-Etayi yisifunda esikwisifundazwe se Omusati, eNamibhiya.
Litein
ILitein yidolobha elincane elikwisifundazwe se Kericho, eKhenya.
Mbeki
Mbeki kuyisibongo.Abantu abaphawulekayo abanesibongo bafaka:
Bechloul
IBechloul ngumasipala futhi yidolobha elikwisifundazwe se Bouïra, e-Aljeriya.
Ouled Hamla
I-Ouled Hamla ngumasipala futhi yidolobha elikwisifundazwe se Oum El Bouaghi, e-Aljeriya.
IGumelo loxhakaxholo
IGumelo loxhakaxholo (GX) luyigumelo lwezokuxhumana kwesendlalelo soxhoxho olutholaka phakathi kwegumelo loxhakaxholo lokudlulisa imininingonyanda kuyo yonke imingcele yoxhoxho.
Ogongo Constituency
I-Ogongo yisifunda esikwisifundazwe se Omusati, eNamibhiya.
Jafara District
IJafara yisifundazwe sase Libhiya.
Zvishavane
IZvishavane yidolobhakazi elikwisifundazwe se Midlands, eZimbabwe.
Bill Clinton
William Jefferson "Bill" Clinton (ubezalwa 9 ngoNcwaba 1946]) ngumongameli wezolo weMelika, 1993 - 2001. Ngaphambi kokuba ngumholi, wenza izinto e-Arkansas. UClinton wayengumuntu osele futhi ukhunjulwa ngokuxhumana ngokocansi nenceku egama linguMonica Lewinsky, okwaholela ekutheni asuswe esikhundleni sikamongameli. Unkosikazi wakhe, uHillary Clinton, kamuva wagijimela ukhetho ngo-2016, kodwa akazange anqobe. UClinton uvunyelwe kakhulu ukuba ngumengameli wakhe, kepha eminyakeni yakamuva usolwe ngezinto ezimbi.
Saouaf
ISaouaf ngumasipala futhi yidolobha elikwisifundazwe se Zaghouan, eThuniziya.
Abantu abansundu
Abantu abansundu luhlobo. Okumnyama ukuhlukaniswa ngokwezinhlanga kwabantu, ngokuvamile isigaba esisekelwe kumbala wepolitiki nesikhumba kubantu abathile abanebala elinsundu eliphakathi nendawo elimnyama. Akubona bonke abantu ababhekwa "abamnyama" abanesikhumba esimnyama; emazweni athile, ngokuvamile ezinhlelweni ezisekelwe emphakathini zokuhlukaniswa kwezinhlanga emazweni aseNtshonalanga, igama elithi "abamnyama" lisetshenziselwa ukuchaza abantu abathathwa njengabansundu uma beqhathaniswa nabanye abantu. Isetshenziswa kakhulu kubantu bokhokho base-Afrika eseningizimu yeSahara kanye nabantu bomdabu base-Oceania, nakuba iye yasetshenziswa ezimweni eziningi kwamanye amaqembu, futhi ayiyona inkomba yanoma ibuphi ubuhlobo obuseduze bokhokho. Imiphakathi yomdabu yase-Afrika ayisebenzisi igama elithi umuntu omnyama njengophawu lobuhlanga ngaphandle kwemithelela elethwa amasiko aseNtshonalanga. Igama elithi "omnyama" lingase libe nofeleba noma lingabi nalo.[1][2] I-AP Stylebook yashintsha umhlahlandlela wayo ukuze isebenzise u-"b" ngokumnyama ngo-2020.[1][2] I-ASA Style Guide ithi igama elithi "b" akufanele libhalwe ngosonhlamvukazi.[3]
Abanye babona "okumnyama" njengelebula elihlambalazayo, eliphelelwe yisikhathi, elinciphisayo noma elingameleli ngenye indlela, futhi ngenxa yalokho abalisebenzisi noma balichaza, ikakhulukazi emazweni ase-Afrika angenawo umlando omncane wokuhlukaniswa ngokobuhlanga kobukoloni.[4]
I-Afrika enyakatho
Imiphakathi eminingi yabantu abanebala elimnyama ikhona eNyakatho Afrika, eminye iphuma emiphakathini yangaphambi komlando. Abanye beza kubafuduki ngokuhwebelana komlando kwe-Trans-Saharan noma, ngemva kokuhlasela kwama-Arab eNyakatho Afrika ngekhulu lesi-7, bevela ezigqileni zokuhweba ngezigqila e-Trans-Saharan eNyakatho Afrika.[5][6]
Ngekhulu le-18, uSultan Moulay Ismail waseMoroccan "Inkosi Yeqhawe" (1672-1727) wakhulisa amasosha amnyama ayi-150,000, abizwa ngokuthi uMlindi wakhe Omnyama.[7][8]
NgokukaCarlos Moore, isazi esiyisakhamuzi saseBrazil University of the State of Bahia, ekhulwini lama-21 abantu bezinhlanga ezihlukahlukene zama-Afro emazweni ama-Arabhu, kuhlanganise nama-Arab aseNyakatho Afrika, baziveza ngezindlela ezifana nezinhlanga eziningi eLatin America. Uthi ama-Arabhu anezwi elimnyama, njengaseLatin America anezwi elimnyama, azibheka njengabamhlophe ngenxa yokuthi anokhokho abamhlophe abakude.[9]
UMongameli waseGibhithe u-Anwar Sadat wayenomama owayengowesifazane onesikhumba esimnyama saseNubian Sudanese (Sudanese Arab) kanye nobaba owayengumGibhithe onesikhumba esikhanyayo. Eziphendulela esikhangisweni sesikhundla sokulingisa, esemncane uthe, "Angimhlophe kodwa futhi angiyena mnyama impela. Ubumnyama bami buthanda ukuba bomvu".
Abanye abantwana bezinhlanga ezixubile balandela oyise njengababusi, njengoSultan Ahmad al-Mansur, owabusa iMorocco kusukela ngo-1578 kuya ku-1608. Wayengabhekwanga ngokobuchwepheshe njengengane yesigqila esiyingxubevange; unina kwakunguFulani nesancinza sikayise.[13]
Ekuqaleni kuka-1991, abangewona ama-Arabhu abantu baseZaghawa eSudan bafakaza ukuthi babeyizisulu zomkhankaso wobandlululo wama-Arabhu owawushuba, uhlukanisa ama-Arab kanye nabangewona ama-Arab (ikakhulukazi, abantu bozalo lwamaNilotic).[14] Ama-Arabs aseSudan, ayephethe uhulumeni, ayebizwa kabanzi ngokuthi ayeqhuba ubandlululo kubantu baseSudan ababengewona ama-Arab. Uhulumeni wasolwa "ngokukhohlisa (ing) ubumbano lwama-Arab" ukuze enze izinqubomgomo zobandlululo kanye nokuhlanzwa kobuhlanga.[15]
Ama-Arabhu aseSudan nawo angabantu abamnyama ngoba angabantu bomdabu baseSudan ngokwesiko nangezilimi baseSudan iningi labo amaNilo-Sahara, amaNubian,[16] kanye namaKushite[17]; isikhumba sabo nokubukeka kwabo kufana nokwabanye abantu abamnyama.
Isazi sezomnotho saseNyuvesi yaseMelika uGeorge Ayittey usole uhulumeni wama-Arab waseSudan ngokwenza izenzo zokucwasa izakhamuzi ezimnyama.[18] Ngokuka-Ayittey, "ESudan... ama-Arabhu athatha amandla futhi abashiya ngaphandle abamnyama - ubandlululo lwama-Arab." [19] Abahlaziyi abaningi base-Afrika bajoyina u-Ayittey ekusoleni iSudan ngokwenza ubandlululo lwama-Arab.[20].
I-Sahara
Ngokufanayo, abantu bomdabu baseSahrawi eNtshonalanga Sahara baqaphela uhlelo lwezigaba oluhlanganisa abantu besigaba esiphakeme nabaphansi. Ngaphandle kwale mingcele yezizwe zendabuko kwakunezigqila "zamaNegro", ezazidonswa ezindaweni ezizungezile.[22]
Ouled Zouaï
I-Ouled Zouaï ngumasipala futhi yidolobha elikwisifundazwe se Oum El Bouaghi, e-Aljeriya.
Okahao Constituency
I-Okahao yisifunda esikwisifundazwe se Omusati, eNamibhiya.
Abantu abansundu
ENyakatho-Mpumalanga Afrika
E-Ethiopia naseSomalia, izigaba zezigqila ikakhulukazi zazihlanganisa abantu abathunjwa abavela emingceleni yamazwe ngamazwe yaseSudan-Ethiopia kanye neKenyan-Somali [23] noma ezinye izindawo ezizungezile zabantu baseNilotic kanye neBantu ababaziwa ngokuhlanganyela ngokuthi amaShanqella[24] kanye ne-Adone (zombili izifaniso kuya ku-"negro" kumongo okhuluma isiNgisi).[25] Ezinye zalezi zigqila zazithunjwa phakathi nezingxabano zezindawo oPhondweni lwe-Afrika zabe sezithengiswa kubathengisi bezigqila.[26] Ukuvezwa kwasekuqaleni kwaleli siko kususela kumbhalo oqoshiwe wekhulu lesikhombisa noma lesi-8 BC okungewoMbuso WaseDamat.[27]
Lezi zithunjwa kanye nabanye be-morphology efanayo bahlukaniswa ngokuthi i-tsalim barya (isigqila esimnyama) ngokuphambene nezicukuthwane ezikhuluma isi-Afroasiatic noma i-saba qayh ("amadoda abomvu") noma isigqila esikhanyayo; kuyilapho ngakolunye uhlangothi, izindinganiso zesigaba saseNtshonalanga zobuhlanga azihlukanisi phakathi kuka-saba qayh (“amadoda abomvu”—abanesikhumba esikhanyayo) noma i-saba tiqur (“amadoda amnyama”—abanesikhumba esinsundu) Ama-Horn Africans (okungaba abakhuluma isi-Afroasiatic, amaNilotic- ukukhuluma noma imvelaphi yesiBantu) ngaleyo ndlela ethatha bonke "njengabantu abamnyama" (futhi kwezinye izimo "ama-negro") ngokombono womphakathi waseNtshonalanga wobuhlanga.[28][29][30]
INingizimu Afrika
ENingizimu Afrika, isikhathi sokubusa kwamakoloni saholela ezinyunyaneni nasemishadweni eminingi phakathi kwama-Europe nama-Afrika (abantu baseBantu baseNingizimu Afrika kanye namaKhoisan) abavela ezizweni ezihlukahlukene, okwaholela ekutheni kube nezingane ezixube izinhlanga. Njengoba amakholoniyali aseYurophu ethola ukulawula indawo, ngokuvamile aphusha abantu bezinhlanga ezixubile kanye nama-Afrika endaweni yesigaba sesibili. Phakathi nengxenye yokuqala yekhulu lama-20, uhulumeni owawubuswa abamhlophe wahlukanisa inani labantu ngokwezinhlanga ezine eziyinhloko: Abamnyama, Abamhlophe, abase-Asia (iningi labo okungamaNdiya) namaKhaladi. Iqembu lamaKhaladi lalihlanganisa abantu bokhokho abaxubile baBantu, amaKhoisan, nabaseYurophu (abanozalo oluthile lwaseMalay, ikakhulukazi eNtshonalanga Kapa). Incazelo yamaKhaladi yathatha isikhundla sepolitiki esimaphakathi phakathi kwezincazelo zabaMnyama nabaMhlophe eNingizimu Afrika. Yabeka uhlelo lokuhlukaniswa ngokobuhlanga ngokomthetho, inkimbinkimbi yemithetho eyaziwa ngokuthi wubandlululo.
Iziphathimandla zobandlululo zakha imibandela eyinkimbinkimbi (futhi evame ukungafaneleki) kuMthetho Wokubhaliswa Kwabantu ka-1945 ukuze kunqunywe ukuthi ubani owayekuliphi iqembu. Izikhulu ezincane zenze izivivinyo zokuphoqelela ukuhlukaniswa. Lapho kungacaci ngokubukeka komuntu ukuthi kufanele athathwe njengoKhaladi noma uMnyama, kwasetshenziswa "ukuhlolwa kwepensela". Ipensela yayifakwa ezinweleni zomuntu ukuze kutholakale ukuthi izinwele zazigoqene ngokwanele ukuba zingabamba ipensela, kunokuba zidlule, njengoba zazingenza ngezinwele ezibushelelezi. Uma kunjalo, lo muntu wayebhekwa njengoMnyama.[31] Izigaba ezinjalo ngezinye izikhathi zazihlukanisa imikhaya.
Ruiru Constituency
IRuiru yisifunda esingaphansi kwesifundazwe se Kiambu, eKhenya.
Abantu abansundu
INingizimu Afrika
USandra Laing ungowesifazane waseNingizimu Afrika owahlukaniswa njengeKhaladi yiziphathimandla ngesikhathi sobandlululo, ngenxa yebala lakhe lesikhumba nokubukeka kwezinwele, nakuba abazali bakhe babengabonisa okungenani izizukulwane ezintathu zokhokho base-Europe. Lapho eneminyaka engu-10, waxoshwa esikoleni sakhe sabamhlophe. Izinqumo zezikhulu ezincike ekubukekeni kwakhe ngendlela exakile ziphazamise impilo yakhe yomndeni nempilo yabantu abadala. Ube yisihloko sefilimu yango-2008 ye-biographical dramatic Skin, eyawina imiklomelo eminingi. Ngezikhathi zobandlululo, labo ababethathwa ngokuthi “ngamaKhaladi” babecindezelwa futhi bebandlululwa. Kodwa, babenamalungelo alinganiselwe futhi bebonke benezimo zezenhlalo nezomnotho ezingcono kunalezo ezithathwa ngokuthi "Abamnyama". Uhulumeni wayefuna ukuba abaMnyama namaKhaladi bahlale ezindaweni ezihlukene nabaMhlophe, bakhe amalokishi amakhulu aqhelelene namadolobha njengezindawo zabaMnyama.
Ezikhathini zangemuva kobandlululo, uMthethosisekelo waseNingizimu Afrika usumemezele izwe “njengentando yeningi engacwasi ngokwebala”. Emzamweni wokulungisa ukungabi nabulungiswa okwedlule, uhulumeni we-ANC wethule imithetho yokweseka izinqubomgomo zokuqinisekisa ukuthi abantu abaNsundu bavunyelwe ukwenza okuthile; ngaphansi kwalokhu bachaza abantu "abaMnyama" ukuthi bahlanganise "ama-Afrika", "amaKhaladi" kanye "nama-Asia". Eminye imigomo yesenzo esivumayo ivuna "ama-Afrika" kune "amaKhaladi" mayelana nokufanelekela izinzuzo ezithile. Abanye abantu baseNingizimu Afrika abafakwe esigabeni sama-"African Black" bathi "amaKhaladi" awazange ahlupheke kakhulu njengoba ahlupheka ngesikhathi sobandlululo. "AmaKhaladi" abantu baseNingizimu Afrika baziwa ngokuxoxa ngenkinga yabo ngokuthi, "sasingemhlophe ngokwanele ngaphansi kobandlululo, futhi asibona abamnyama ngokwanele ngaphansi kwe-ANC (African National Congress)".
Ngo-2008, iNkantolo Ephakeme yaseNingizimu Afrika yakhipha isinqumo sokuthi amaShayina aseNingizimu Afrika ayeyizakhamuzi ngesikhathi sobandlululo (kanye nenzalo yawo) kufanele afakwe esigabeni kabusha ngokuthi "abantu abaNsundu," ukuze nje bathole izinzuzo ze-affirmative action, ngoba "abancishwe amathuba" ngokubandlululwa ngokobuhlanga. Abantu baseShayina abafika ezweni ngemva kokuphela kobandlululo abafaneleki ukuthola lezo zinzuzo.[35]
Ngaphandle kokubukeka, "Imibala" ngokuvamile ingahlukaniswa kokuthi "Abamnyama" ngolimi. Iningi likhuluma isiBhunu noma isiNgisi njengolimi lokuqala, uma kuqhathaniswa nezilimi zesiNtu njengesiZulu noma isiXhosa. Futhi bavame ukuba namagama azwakala kakhulu e-Europe kunamagama esiNtu.[36]
I-Eshiya Eshonalanga
Izazi-mlando zilinganisela ukuthi phakathi kokufika kwe-Islam ngo-650 CE nokuqedwa kobugqila eNhlonhlweni Yase-Arabia phakathi nekhulu lama-20, abantu abamnyama base-Afrika abayizigidi eziyi-10 kuya kweziyi-18 (abaziwa ngokuthi amaZanj) bagqilazwa abahwebi bezigqila baseMpumalanga Afrika bayiswa ezweni. I-Peninsula yase-Arabia namazwe angomakhelwane. Leli nani lalidlula kude inani lezigqila ezayiswa emazweni aseMelika. Kunezici ezimbalwa ezithinte ukubonakala kwenzalo yalokhu kuhlakazeka emiphakathini yama-Arabhu yekhulu lama-21: Abahwebi babethumela izigqila zesifazane eziningi ngomkhumbi kunabesilisa, njengoba kwakunesidingo sokuba zisebenze njengezancinza ezindlini zabesifazane eNhlonhlweni Yase-Arabia nasemazweni angomakhelwane. Izigqila zesilisa zazithenwa ukuze zibe onogada besifazane. Inani lokufa kwezigqila ezinsundu zase-Afrika ngenxa yokusebenza ngempoqo laliphezulu. Izingane zezinhlanga ezixubile zezigqila zesifazane nabanikazi bama-Arab zahlanganiswa emindenini yabanikazi bama-Arab ngaphansi kohlelo lokuzalana kwe-patrilineal. Ngenxa yalokho, imbalwa imiphakathi yama-Afro-Arab eye yasinda eNhlonhlweni Yase-Arabia nasemazweni angomakhelwane.
Imiphakathi yabantu abamnyama abahlukene nabazazisayo iye yabikwa emazweni afana ne-Iraq, okubikwa ukuthi bangu-1.2 million abantu abamnyama (ama-Afro-Iraqis), futhi bafakazela umlando wokucwasa. Lezi nzalo zeZanj ziye zafuna isikhundla esincane kuhulumeni, ongagcina izihlalo ezithile ePhalamende zabamele abantu bazo. Ngokuka-Alamin M. Mazrui et al., ngokuvamile eNhlonhlweni Yase-Arabia nasemazweni angomakhelwane, iningi lale miphakathi lihlonza kokubili abamnyama nama-Arab.
Iran
Ama-Afro-Iranian angabantu bokhokho base-Afrika abamnyama abahlala e-Iran. Ngesikhathi sobukhosi baseQajar, imindeni eminingi ecebile yayingenisa abesifazane abamnyama base-Afrika nezingane njengezigqila ukuze zenze umsebenzi wasekhaya. Lokhu kugqilazwa kwathathwa ikakhulukazi kumaZanj, okwakungabantu abakhuluma isiBantu ababehlala eduze kwe-African Great Lakes, endaweni ehlanganisa iTanzania yanamuhla, iMozambique kanye neMalawi.[44][45].
Gabes South Delegation
IGabes South yisifunda esingaphansi kwesifundazwe se Gabès, eThuniziya.
Zambezi District
IZambezi yisifunda sesifundazwe se North-Western, eZambiya.
Abantu abansundu
Israel
Babalelwa ku-150,000 abantu baseMpumalanga Afrika nabamnyama abahlala kwa-Israel, okungaphezudlwana kuka-2% wabantu besizwe. Iningi lalaba, abangaba ngu-120,000, yi-Beta Israel,[46] iningi labo okungabafuduki bakamuva abafika ngeminyaka yawo-1980 nawo-1990 bevela e-Ethiopia.[47] Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Israel iyikhaya lamalungu angaphezu kuka-5,000 enhlangano yamaHebheru ase-Afrika ase-Jerusalem angabokhokho bama-Afrika aseMelika athuthela kwa-Israyeli ngekhulu lama-20, futhi ahlala ikakhulukazi endaweni ehlukile edolobheni laseNegev eDimona. Izinombolo ezingaziwa zabamnyama abaguqukela ebuJudeni zihlala kwa-Israel, iningi labo livela e-United Kingdom, eCanada, nase-United States.
Bindura
IBindura yidolobha elikwisifundazwe se Mashonaland Central, eZimbabwe.
Joseph Smith
UJoseph Smith Jr. (Disemba 23, 1805 - Juni 27, 1844) wayengumholi wezenkolo waseMelika nomsunguli weMormonism kanye nenhlangano yeLatter Day Saint. Lapho eneminyaka engama-24, uSmith washicilela iNcwadi kaMormoni. Ngesikhathi sokushona kwakhe, eminyakeni eyi-14 kamuva, wayesehehe amashumi ezinkulungwane zabalandeli futhi wasungula inkolo eqhubeka kuze kube manje nezigidi zabalandeli bomhlaba wonke.
Abantu abansundu
Israel
Ukwengeza, kukhona ababalelwa ku-60,000 abokufika base-Afrika abangewona amaJuda kwa-Israel, abanye babo abacele ukukhoseliswa. Iningi labafuduki livela emiphakathini yaseSudan nase-Eritrea, ikakhulukazi amaqembu eNuba akhuluma iNiger-Congo aseningizimu yeNuba Mountains; abanye bangabafiki ngokungemthetho.[48][49].
Mwinilunga District
IMwinilunga yisifunda sesifundazwe se North-Western, eZambiya.
Joseph Smith
USmith wazalelwa eSharon, eVermont. Ngo-1817, wayesethuthele nomndeni wakhe baya entshonalanga yeNew York, okuyindawo yokuvuselelwa kwezenkolo okukhulu ngesikhathi sesibili sokuvuka okukhulu. USmith uthe uhlangabezane nochungechunge lwemibono, kuhlanganisa noyedwa ngo-1820 lapho abona khona "abantu ababili" (abagcina ebachaze njengoNkulunkulu uBaba noJesu Kristu), nomunye ngo-1823 lapho ingelosi yamkhomba khona eya encwadini yokungcwaba izingcwecwe zegolide ezibhalwe ngomlando wamaJuda namaKrestu wempucuko yasendulo yaseMelika. Ngo-1830, uSmith washicilela lokho athi kwakuwukuhunyushwa kwesiNgisi kwalezi zingcwephe ezibizwa ngokuthi yiNcwadi kaMormoni. Ngawo lowo nyaka wahlela iSonto likaKristu, walibiza ngokuthi ukubuyiselwa kwesonto lokuqala lobuKristu. Amalungu esonto kamuva abizwa ngokuthi "Latter Day Saints" noma "amaMormon", kanti uSmith wamemezela isambulo ngo-1838 esabiza leli bandla ngokuthi yiChurch of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints
Chikankata District
IChikankata yisifunda sesifundazwe se Southern, eZambiya.
Abantu abansundu
I-Turuki
Kusukela emakhulwini ambalwa eminyaka adlule, ngesikhathi soMbuso Wase-Ottoman, amashumi ezinkulungwane ezithunjwa zeZanj alethwa abahwebi bezigqila emasimini nasezindaweni zezolimo eziphakathi kwe-Antalya ne-Istanbul, okwadala inani labantu base-Afro-Turk ezweni lanamuhla laseTurkey. [50] Abanye bokhokho babo bahlala endaweni, futhi abaningi bathuthela emadolobheni amakhulu namadolobhana. Ezinye izigqila ezimnyama zayiswa eKrethe, lapho zona noma inzalo yazo kamuva zafika endaweni yase-İzmir ngokushintshana kwabantu phakathi kweGreece neTurkey ngo-1923, noma ngokungaqondile zisuka e-Ayvalık ziphishekela umsebenzi.[51]
Ngaphandle komlando wokuba khona kwe-Afro-Turk Turkey iphinde ibe nenani labantu abansundu abavela kwamanye amazwe kusukela ekupheleni kweminyaka yawo-1990. Umphakathi wakhiwe ikakhulukazi abokufika besimanje abavela eGhana, Ethiopia, DRC, Sudan, Nigeria, Kenya, Eritrea, Somalia naseSenegal. Ngokwezibalo ezisemthethweni abantu base-Afrika abayizigidi ezingu-1.5 bahlala eTurkey futhi cishe ama-25% abo atholakala e-Istanbul.[52] Olunye ucwaningo luthi iningi lama-Afrika eTurkey lihlala e-Istanbul futhi libika uTarlabaşı, Dolapdere, Kumkapı, Yenikapı kanye noKurtuluş njengabakhona base-Afrika abaqinile.[53]
Iningi labafuduki base-Afrika eTurkey beza eTurkey ukuze baqhubeke nokufudukela eYurophu. Abokufika abavela eMpumalanga Afrika bavame ukuba ababaleki, kanti ukuthuthela kwelinye izwe kwaseNtshonalanga nase-Afrika Emaphakathi kubikwa ukuthi kuqhutshwa umnotho.[53] Kubikwa ukuthi abokufika base-Afrika eTurkey bahlale bebhekana nezinselele zezomnotho nezenhlalo, ikakhulukazi ukucwasa ngokwebala kanye nokuphikiswa kokufika kwabantu bendawo. [54]
I-Eshiya Ningizimu
AmaSiddi ayisizwe esihlala eNdiya nasePakistan. Amalungu avela kubantu baseBantu baseNingizimu-mpumalanga Afrika. Abanye babengabathengisi, amatilosi, izisebenzi, izigqila noma ama-mercenaries. Inani labantu baseSiddi njengamanje lilinganiselwa kubantu abangaba ngu-270,000–350,000, abahlala kakhulu eKarnataka, eGujarat, naseHyderabad eNdiya naseMakran naseKarachi ePakistan.[55] Emgqeni waseMakran ezifundazweni zaseSindh naseBalochistan eningizimu-ntshonalanga yePakistan, lezi nzalo zeBantu zaziwa ngokuthi amaMakrani.[56] Kube khona inhlangano emfushane ethi "Black Power" eSindh ngeminyaka yawo-1960 futhi amaSiddi amaningi ayaziqhenya futhi agubha amadlozi awo ase-Afrika.[57][58]
INingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia
I-Negritos, iqoqo labantu abahlukahlukene, ngokuvamile abangahlobene, abake babhekwa njengeqembu elilodwa elihlukile lamaqembu ahlobene eduze, kodwa izifundo zofuzo zabonisa ukuthi ziphuma endaweni efanayo yasendulo yaseMpumalanga Eurasian meta-population eyabangela abantu banamuhla baseMpumalanga Asia, futhi iqukethe amaqembu amaningana ahlukene, kanye nokubonisa ukuhlukahluka kofuzo.[59][60][61] Bahlala ezindaweni ezingazodwa eNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, futhi manje bavalelwe ikakhulukazi eSouthern Thailand, [62] eNhlonhlweni yaseMalay, kanye naseziqhingini zase-Andaman zaseNdiya.[63]
Ukuhlaziywa kwe-Population genomic "TreeMix" kwe-Malaysian Negritos (Semang) kanye nezibalo zabantu ezihlobene eduze (isb. Abantu baseMpumalanga Asia kanye nabantu base-Andamanese).
I-Negrito isho ukuthi "abantu abancane abamnyama" ngesi-Spanish (i-negrito iyisinciphiso seSpanishi se-negro, okungukuthi, "umuntu omnyama"); yilokho abaseSpain abakubiza ngokuthi aboMdabu abahlangana nabo ePhilippines.[64] Igama elithi Negrito ngokwalo liye lagxekwa emazweni afana ne-Malaysia, lapho manje selishintshashintsha khona ne-Semang eyamukeleka kakhudlwana,[65] nakuba leli gama empeleni libhekisela eqenjini elithile.
Zinesikhumba esimnyama, ngokuvamile zinezinwele ezigoqene kanye nezici zobuso zase-Asia, futhi zakhiwe kahle.[66][67][68]
AmaNegrito ePhilippines avame ukubhekana nokucwaswa. Ngenxa yendlela yokuphila yabazingeli bendabuko, bakhishwa inyumbazane futhi baphila ngobumpofu, abakwazi ukuthola umsebenzi.[69]
I-Ostreliya
I-Ostreliya (noma I-Australiya; isiNgisi: Australia) izwe nezwekazi elikhulu lase-Ostreliya. Isiqongo sase-Ostreliya i-Khanbhera (Canberra). Ulimi isiNgisi.
Umlando
I-Ostreliya izuphi letspek izsokul.
Inkandla
INkandla yidolobha eliKwaZulu-Natali, eNingizimu Afrika. Lelidolobha liyindabuko kanye ne khaya la Jacob Zuma, owayenguMongameli wase Ningizimu Afrika.
The Spear (umdwebo)
The Spear singumbdwebo nga-Brett Murray.
Ayanda Mabulu
Ayanda Mabulu (ubezalwa ngo-1981) ngumpendi baseNingizimu Afrika. Lompendi waziwa ngokudweba umdwebo owasusa umsindo ngonyaka we-2010, ayewiqambe ngokuthi Ngcono ihlwempu kunesibhanxa sesityebi. Lodwebo uveza abaholi kanye nosombuswazwe bamazwe ahlukahlukene benqunu. Lodwebi esezidonsele amanzi ngomsele ngodweba eminye imidwebo emingi lapho eveza khona osombusazwe baseNingizimu Afrika bequnu.
Dhaboolaq
IDhaboolaq yidolobha elikwisifundazwe se Maroodi Jeex, eSomaliland.
Mbeki Mwalimu
UMbeki Mwalimu ungumlingisi waseKenya, umkhiqizi nomqondisi oneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-10 yeshashalazi kanye nesipiliyoni se-TV.Uqale umsebenzi wakhe emidlalweni yeshashalazi yaseKenya ngo-2004 kuMbalamwezi Players ngaphambi kokujoyina i-Festival Of Creative Arts (FCA) ngo-2007 futhi selokhu waba ngusaziwayo njengomlingisi wasesteji nomlingisi,umphathi wezokukhiqiza, umphathi wesiteji nophrojusa.
Kgalema Motlanthe
{| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" uKgalema Petrus Motlanthe (ubezalwa 19 ngoNtulikazi 1949) ungumongameli isekela waseNingizimu Afrika.
Mbeki Mwalimu
Udume ngemidlalo yasesiteji ngaphakathi kweFCA nangeqhaza lakhe njengoZoe Mackenzie kwi-Swahili Swahili telenovela Selina kwiMaisha Magic futhi ubuye wabonakala efilimini i-Sincerely Daisy, eyaqala ukukhonjiswa kuNetflix ngo-Okthoba 9, 2020.
Beitbridge, Zimbabwe
IBeitbridge yidolobha elikwisifundazwe se Matabeleland South, eZimbabwe.
Mbeki Mwalimu
Umsebenzi
Uke wasebenza njengomethuli wezinhlelo zethelevishini eKenya Broadcasting Corporation futhi wabamba imibukiso iGood Morning Kenya  neThe Ultimate Choir.
InDuna
INduna (ubuningi: iziNduna ) iyisihloko sesiZulu / isiXhosa esisho umeluleki, umholi omkhulu, inxusa, induna noma umphathi weqembu lamaqhawe. Kungasho futhi ukuthi umkhulumeli noma umlamuleli, njengoba iziNduna zazivame ukusebenza njengebhuloho phakathi kwabantu nenkosi.Isiqu besigcinelwe izikhulu eziphezulu eziqokwe yinkosi noma yinkosi futhi sinikezwa abantu ababhekwe kakhulu ngenxa yezimfanelo zabo zobuholi, isibindi noma ukusebenzela umphakathi. Lezi ziNduna bezihlangana njalo kwi- Indaba kudingidwe izindaba ezibalulekile.
Mbeki Mwalimu
Umsebenzi
Usungule ingubo yakhe yaseshashalazini i- Back to Basics ngo-2018,ngenhloso yokukhulisa impilo yaseshashalazini eKenya.
InDuna
Phakathi Ndebele ethemini lalisetshenziselwa bebonke ubheke neqembu lamasosha ase-elite ezisebenza ngaphansi Induna ethize.
Illilten
I-Illilten ngumasipala futhi yidolobha elikwisifundazwe se Tizi Ouzou, e-Aljeriya.
InDuna
Igama elithi ithole ukusetshenziswa kabanzi e -South African isiZulu kanye nesiBhunu, bese kuba inkomba ezivamile kumqashi noma umuntu phambili. Ezikhathini zanamuhla amagama uSihlalo nezinduna kwesinye isikhathi asetshenziswa ngokungafani.
Choma District
IChoma yisifunda sesifundazwe se Southern, eZambiya.
InDuna
Induna isetshenziswe njengegama
Igama Induna lisetshenziswa njalo njengegama ukukhombisa okuthile okukhulu ( okukhulu ) noma okubalulekile:
Okalongo Constituency
I-Okalongo yisifunda esikwisifundazwe se Omusati, eNamibhiya.
Mbeki Mwalimu
Umsebenzi
Ubuye futhi abe yilungu lekomidi eKenya Actors Guild (KAG).
Githunguri Constituency
IGithunguri yisifunda esingaphansi kwesifundazwe se Kiambu, eKhenya.
Lang'ata
ILang'ata yidolobha elikwisifundazwe se Nairobi, eKhenya.
Sampler (musical instrument)
In music production, a sampler is a device or software program that allows you to record, store, and manipulate digital audio samples. A sample is a short audio clip, usually a few seconds long, that can be played back at various pitches and speeds to create musical phrases and patterns.
Samplers can be used to record and manipulate virtually any sound, including acoustic instruments, vocals, and environmental sounds. Once a sample is recorded, it can be edited, trimmed, looped, and manipulated in a variety of ways to create new musical ideas.
Redcliff, Zimbabwe
IRedcliff yidolobha elikwisifundazwe se Midlands, eZimbabwe.
Griffiths Mxenge
Isiqalo sempilo yakhe
UGriffiths Mlungisi Mxenge wayeyindodana endala kaJohnson Pinti noHannah Nowise Mxenge. Abazali bakhe babengabalimi KwaRayi. Waqala imfundo yamabanga aphezulu esikoleni samabanga aphezulu eForbes Grant Secondari, eGinsberg kodwa waqeda umatukuletsheni wakhe esikoleni saseNewell High ePort Elizabeth ngezi-1956.
INgilandi
INgilandi (isiNgisi: England) izwe laseYurophu. Isiqongo saseNgilandi iLondon. Ulimi isiNgisi. INgilandi yizwe eliyingxenye yOmbuso Ohlangeneyo. Lingumakhelwane nesiKotilandi enyakatho kanjalo neWelisi entshonalanga; Ulwandle lwase-Ayilendi luse nyakatho-ntshonalanga, Ulwandle lwaseKeltiki luseningizimu-ntshonalanga kanti Ulwandle lwaseNyakatho lusempumalanga, Insungubezi yamaNgisi eningizimu ihlukanisa iNgilandi kwizwekazi laseYurophu (continental Europe). Ingxenye enkulu yeNgilandi yakhiwe yingxenye emaphakathi nengxenye eseningizimu ye-island (izwe elincane elizungezwe amanzi ngokuphelele) yaseBrithani Enkulu (Great Britain) e-Atlantic eseNyakatho. INgilandi ihlanganisa futhi amazwe amancane azungezwe amazi ngokuphelele angaphezu kwekhulu njenge-ziqhingi Sicilly ne-siqhingi Wight.
Barack Obama
Barack Hussein Obama II (ubezalwa 4 ngoNcwaba 1961) wayengumongameli weMelika kusukela 20 ngoMasingana 2009. Wayehla esihlalweni ngo 20 ngoMasingana 2017
Iyibizo futhi weculo ngebhendi Izingane Zoma.
Oshikuku Constituency
I-Oshikuku yisifunda esikwisifundazwe se Omusati, eNamibhiya.
Griffiths Mxenge
Isiqalo sempilo yakhe
Wabhalisela izifundo ze-LLB degree eNyuvesi yaseNatali kodwa ngo-1962, ngawo lowo nyaka waganana noVictoria Mxenge.
Ngo-1966, izifundo zakhe zaphazanyiswa lapho egqunywa ejele ngaphandle kokuquliswa icala (detention) izinsuku ezingama-190. Nge-1967, waboshwa iminyaka emibili eRobben Island ngaphansi koMthetho wokucindezela ubuKhomanisi kanye nokuqhubekisela phambili izinhloso ze-ANC. Indodana yokuqala kaMxenge, uMbasa, yazalwa ngesikhathi eboshiwe.
Nge-1969, uMxenge wakhululwa eRobben Island futhi wanikezwa isijeziso somyalelo wokuvalwa umlomo (banning order) iminyaka emibili kanti phakathi kwezinye izinto lo myalelo wawumvimbela ukuthi angalubeki unyawo eNyuvesi. Ngosizo lukaDean of Law Faculty, uSolwazi ongasekho uTony Matthews, wakwazi ukuqeda izifundo zakhe ze-LLB futhi waziphothula nge-1970.
Indodana yakhe yesibili, uViwe wazalwa ngo-1970.
Ukuqhubeka komsebenzi
Nge-1971 uMxenge waqala ukusebenza ngaphansi koqeqesho nokwenganyelwa nguRabie Bugwandeen weNatali Indian Congress. Wabuye wazeziswa ngomyalelo wokuvalwa umlomo weminyaka emihlanu ngalowo nyaka.
Nge-1974, wamukelwa ukuba ngummmeli weNkantolo Ephakeme yaseNingizimu Afrika iSupreme Court of South Africa. Ngonyaka olandelayo, nge-1975, wavula ihhovisi lakhe lobumeli lezomthetho eThekwini. Indodakazi yakhe, uNamhla, nayo yazalwa. Wamela amalungu e-African National Congress namanye amaqembu. Okwaziwa kakhulu, wamela uJoseph Mduli, ilungu le-ANC noMkhonto WeSizwe, owabulawa ngesihluku. Ngengqayizivele engavamile, ngemuva kwemizamo kaMxenge, kanye nengcindezi yamazwe angaphandle, amaphoyisa amane abekwa icala lokubulala uMduli.
UMxenge waphinda wagqunywa ejele ngaphandle koukbekwa icala, ngenxa yendima yakhe kwicala lokubulawa kukaMduli.
Gwembe District
IGwembe yisifunda sesifundazwe se Southern, eZambiya.
Griffiths Mxenge
Ukuqhubeka komsebenzi
Wayeyilungu leKomiti elaligqugquzelela ukukhululwa ejele kukaMandela futhi wasebenza njengelungu lenhlangano yabaMmeli bamalungelo abantu iLawyers for Human Rights. UMxenge wayengomunye wamalungu asungula inhlangano ye-South African Democratic Lawyers Association.
Ukufa kwakhe
Nge-1981, uMxenge wabulawa yiqembu lezigelekeqe lababulali ababesebenzela umbuso wobandlululo, elaliholwa nguDirk Coetzee, elokishini laseMlazi eningizimu neTheku. Wadunywa ngaphambi kokuba izigebengu zababulali zombuso wobandlululo zimgwaze izinhlandla zamanxeba angama-45, zamgidlabeza ngesando futhi zamnqamula umphimbo wakhe. Umzimba wakhe watholakala eduzane nenkundla yebhola e-Umlazi.
Eminyakeni emine ngemuva kokubulawa komyeni wakhe, uVictoria Mxenge wadutshulwa wabulawa phambi kwezingane zakhe ekhaya labo laseMlazi eThekwini.
Ngomhlaka-4 kuNovemba 1996, umphathi wezigelekeqe zaseVlakplaas,uDirk Coetzee, wanikeza ubufakazi ngokubandakanyeka kwakhe ekubulaweni kukaGriffiths Mxenge. Wabuye wacela ushwele kwiKhomishana yamaQiniso Nokubuyisana. Ngisho noma abomndeni kaMxenge baphikisana nesicelo sakhe sikashwele, uCoetzee wanikezwa ushwele.
IHlakala
Kumhlakahlo womuntu, ihlakala lichasiswa ngokuhluhluka ngokuthi (1) amathambo asekiminwe noma esihlakala, okungamathambo ayisiphohlongo ayisixhoxho esakha ucezu lwesikhehle oluseduze nesandla; (2) ilunga lohlakala; (3) indawana yomhlakahlo ezungeze isihlakala ehlanganisa izingxenye eziphakathi zamathambo omkhono nezingxenye eziseduze zezisekaminwe okungamathambo amahlanu kanye nochunge lwamalunga alawo mathambo, konke okubhekiselwa ngokuthi amathambo ohlakala.
Griffiths Mxenge
Idumela lomlando
UMxenge nomkakhe bobabili banikezwa i-Order of Luthuli yeSiliva nguhulumeni waseNingizimu Afrika. Umklomelo wakhe waqaphela nokubonga ukuzinikela kwakhe emkhakheni wezomthetho kanye nokuzinikela kwakhe okukhulu akwenza ekulweni nombuso wobandlululo eNingizimu Afrika
IHlakala
Isibhakela(Umdlalo)
Ukwakhiwa kwesibhakela ngenhloso yokushaya isibhakela ulwazi oluyisisekelo kakhulu olufundiswa emdlalweni wesibhakela. Izibhakela zifundiswa kwezobuciko obufana nekarati, i-kung fu, ne-taekwondo ngenqubo yokushaya isibhakela nokuteleka. I-Fight 100% ithi "abantu abangaphezu kuka-90% empeleni abazi ukuthi bangasenza kanjani isibhakela kahle", futhi unezela ngokuthi ukwakheka okulungile kusho ukuthi umsebenzisi "ngeke aphule [isandla] sakhe", "ngeke acindezele isihlakala "," sizokwazi ukuvula izibhakela ezinamandla kakhulu ", futhi" sikwazi ukukhipha umuntu ngesibhakela esisodwa ".
Griffiths Mxenge
Idumela lomlando
Inkulumo yesikhumbuzo ngoVictoria noGriffiths Mxenge ibanjwa kunyaka nonyaka eHoward College yaseNyuvesi yaKwaZulu Natali.
IHlakala
Isibhakela(Umdlalo)
Ukwakheka kahle kwesibhakela ngenkathi ukushaya noma ukushaya into kungadala ukulimaza nokuphuka kwamathambo amancane esandleni esaziwa ngokuthi yiBoxer fracture. Ukwehlukaniswa kweBoxer kwenzeka lapho ama-metacarpals noma amathambo amancane esandleni ephuka ohlangothini lwe-pinky nomunwe wendandatho. Leli gama lisuselwa ekutheni ukulimala okunjalo kuvame kakhulu kubashayisibhakela nakubasebenza bakwezinye ubuciko bokulwa.
Okunye ukusetshenziswa
Isibhakela esiphakamisiwe naso siwuphawu lokuhlubuka, impi, ukumelana nobunye.