cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Inhlanzi
Iningi lezinhlanzi liyi- ectothermic ("igazi elinamakhaza"), livumela amazinga okushisa emizimba yabo ukuthi ehluke njengoba amazinga okushisa asendaweni eguqukayo, yize abanye babhukudi abakhulu abasebenza njengoshaka omhlophe ne- tuna bengabamba izinga lokushisa eliphakeme kakhulu. Izinhlanzi zingakwazi ukuxhumana ngomsindo, ikakhulukazi esimweni sokudla, ulaka noma ukuqomisana.
Izinhlanzi zigcwele emanzini amaningi.Bona zingatholakala ezindaweni cishe zonke izilwane zasemanzini, kusukela entabeni ende ukusakaza (isib, wezinhlamvu futhi gudgeon ) kuya abyssal ngisho hadal ekujuleni kwezilwandle ejulile (isib, cusk-eels futhi snailfish ), nakuba kungekho silwane kuye okwamanje atloliwe ukujula okungama-25% kolwandle. Njengoba kunezinhlobo ezingama-34,300 ezichaziwe, izinhlanzi zikhombisa ukuhlukahluka kwezinhlobo ezinkulu kunanoma yiliphi elinye iqembu lama-vertebrate.
Izinhlanzi ziwumthombo obalulekile wabantu emhlabeni wonke, ikakhulukazi njengokudla.Abadobi bezentengiselwano nabaziphilisa ngokuzingela bazingela izinhlanzi ezindaweni zokudoba zasendle noma bazifuye emachibini noma emakhejini olwandle (e- aquaculture )Babanjwa futhi ngabadobi bezokungcebeleka, bagcinwe njengezilwane ezifuywayo, bakhuliswe ngabagcini bezinhlanzi, futhi bakhonjiswe ku- aquaria yomphakathi.Izinhlanzi zibe neqhaza emasikweni kuyo yonke le minyaka, zisebenza njengonkulunkulu, izimpawu zenkolo, futhi njengezihloko zobuciko, izincwadi namamuvi.
EzeziThununu
Ezobuthununu igatsha elimikhakhaminingi lenzululwazi nobunjiniyela besiCikizi. Ezobuthununu zihilela ukuklama, ukwakha, ukugidinga, nokusebenzisa izithununu. Impokophelo yezobuthununu ukuklama izinguxa ezizokwazi ukusiza nokunceda abantu. Ezobuthununu zihlayiza imikhakha yobunjiniyela benguxa (mechanical engineering), Ubunjiniyela bokwaziswa (information engineering), Ubunjiniyela bamazuba (electrical engineering), mechatronics, ezenzuba (electronics), ubunjiniyela bempilo (bioengineering), Ubunjiniyela besiCikizi (computer engineering), Ubunjiniyela bokulawula (control engineering), Ubunjiniyela bamahlelokusebenza (software engineering), nomchazazibalo, njll.
Ezobuthununu zithuthukisa izinguxa ezingangena esikhundleni sabantu futhi zinyalize izenzo zabo. Izithununu zingasetshenziswa ezimweni eziningi ngezinjongo eziningi, kodwa namuhla iningi lisetshenziswa ezimweni eziyingozi (ezihlanganisa ukuhlola izithako eziyonzayo, ukuhlonga nokuqhebelula iziqhumani), izinqubo zokukhiqiza, noma lapho abantu abangenakuphila khona (isb. emkhathini, phansi kwamanzi, emchadamweni omkhulu, nasekuhlanzweni kwezithako eziyingozi nemiyonzi). Lokho kuvezwa njengesizathu esizosiza ekwamukelweni kwezithununu emicondozweni enyaliza izinto ezenziwa ngabantu. Izithununu ezinjalo zilinga ukunyaliza ukuhamba, ukukhuphula, inkulumo, ukuqonda, noma ezinye iziqhebetho zabantu.
Umnotho wehwanzi
Umnotho wehwanzi usebenzisa ihwanzi ukuze ukhiphe umcalahle emikhakha yezomnotho okunzima ukuyifakela amazuba, empeleni, leyo imikhakha "okunzima ukuyiyeka" njengosimende, inqimbi, ezokuthutha ezihamba ibanga elide njll. Ukuze kukhishwe izivuthisi zentshicwa (fossil fuels) futhi kwehliswe ukuguquka kwezulu, ihwanzi likhandwa ngamanzi kusetshenziswa imithombo evuselelekayo efana nesivungu nokukhanya kwelanga, futhi ukuvutha kwayo kuphafuza umusi wamanzi (water vapor) kumoyambulunga.
IHwanzi liyisivuthisi esinesibhekubheku, kuvame ukusetshenziswa njengesivuthisi sezicibazulu, kodwa izinselele ezithile ezimbalwa zivimbela ukukhiqizwa komnotho wehwanzi wezinga elikhulu. Lokhu kuhlanganisa nobunzima bokukhanda izangxoko zesikhathi eside, amathumbu kanye namathuluzi enjini; ukuntuleka kobuchwepheshe benjini obungathengwa nobusebenza ngokuphephile ngehwanzi; ukukhatyazeka ngezokuphepha mayelana nokulumbana okuphezulu kwesivuthisi sehwanzi nesOhwe emoyeni ozungezile; izindleko zokukhiqiza ihwanzi ngenqubo yesicazwamazabu (electrolysis); kanye nokuntuleka kobuchwepheshe bebanesiqa (photochemical) obucazukisa amanzi ngokufanele. IHwanzi lungasabela ngaphakathi kwekhukhu lesivuthisi, elikhiqiza ngokufanele amazuba ngenqubo egusha isiCazwamazuba samanzi. Noma kunjalo umnotho wehwanzi uyathuthuka lusilili njengengxenye encane yomnotho womcalahle ophansi. Nakuba ekuqaleni uhowo lwehwanzi kwakucatshangwa ukuthi alutholakali ngokwemvelo ngobuningi, lokhu sekuveziwe ukuthi akulona iqiniso; isimiso sehwanzi kuyimanje siyasetshenziswa esifundeni saseBourakebougou, eMali, ukukhiqizela amanxuluma azungezile amazuba. Sekuphinde kwavubukulwa ihwanzi elingokwenvelo ezindaweni ezisezwekazini, nezisemanzini eminyakeni yakamuva futhi lokhu kuvule indlela yomkhakha olugwadlu yehwanzi elingokwemvelo, kuseke imizamo yoshintsho lwesidlakalasi. Ngonyaka wezi-2019, cishe zonke (okungama-95%) izindodla zehwanzi ezingama-70 million ezisetshenziswa minyaka yonke kuhidaniso lwezimboni, ikakhulukazi kwizikhuthazi zokudla komhlaba ezingama-45 ekhulwini, zikhiqizwa ngesiguqula jawani somusi (SMR) eaibuye siphafuzele emoyeni uhowo olungcolile umCalahle ontuhlambili
Moroni (umprofethi)
Moroni ( /m ə r oʊ n aɪ / ), ngokuvumelana iNcwadi yamaMormon, owokugcina Nephite umprofethi, isazi-mlando, futhi umlawuli wamabutho owayehlala aseMelika ngasekupheleni ekhulwini lesine ekuqal kwekhulu lesihlanu.Waziwa kamuva ngokuthi yi- Angel Moroni, owethula izingcwephe zegolide kuJoseph Smith, owahumusha izingcwephe okwakubhalwe kuzo iNcwadi kaMormoni ekuqaleni.
Isiqalo sokuphila
NgokweNcwadi kaMormoni, uMoroni wayeyindodana kaMormoni, umprofethi lowo iNcwadi kaMormoni eqanjwe ngaye.UMoroni wabelana negama noKaputeni Moroni, isibalo sangaphambi kweNcwadi kaMormoni, uMormon asibhala kakhulu.
INcwadi kaMormoni isitshela ukuthi uMoroni wayekhonza ngaphansi kukayise, umphathi wamaqembu angama-23 angama-10,000 amaNefi ngalinye, elwa namaLamani.Ngokuhlulwa kwamaNefi eCumorah, uMoroni waphoqeleka ukuba acashe futhi azulazule ezindaweni ngezindawo ukugwema ukubulawa ngamaLamani.UMoroni waba ngowokugcina owasinda esizweni samaNefi.
UMoroni wayethunywe nguyise ukuba aqedele irekhodi lamaNefi, uMormoni ayelifinyezile kumarekhodi angaphambilini.UMoroni ngumbhali obhalwe phansi wezahluko 8 no-9 zerekhodi likaMormon ngaphakathi kweNcwadi enkulu kaMormoni, yonke iNcwadi kaMoroni, kanye Ikhasi Lesihloko leNcwadi kaMormoni.Wabuye wengeza iNcwadi ka-Ether emapuletini, okuyisifinyezo semibhalo yamaJaredite, kepha futhi iqukethe ukuphawula okubanzi kukaMoroni, ikakhulukazi e- Ether 4, u- Ether 5, u- Ether 8, no- Ether 12 .UMoroni wayengumphrofethi wokugcina ukubhala eNcwadini kaMormoni.
UMoroni ube esebhala ukuthi wayekhulume noJesu futhi wathola imibono eminingi ngekusasa.Ekhuluma ngqo nabafundi bosuku lwanamuhla beNcwadi kaMormoni, uMoroni uyabhala, "Bhekani, ngikhuluma kini sengathi benikhona, kanti nokho anikho.Kepha bheka, uJesu Kristu ukukhombisile kimi, futhi ngiyakwazi okwenzayo ".
Ekuqedeni kwerekhodi, elibhalwe ezingcwepheni zegolide, uMoroni kuthiwa wafaka amapuleti ebhokisini lamatshe egqumeni endaweni manje eyiWayne County, eNew York, lapho uJoseph Smith abika khona ukuthi uwathole; itshe lesikhumbuzo i-granite nethusi eliyi-12-m kuMoroni libekwe yi- The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints kuleli gquma.
Impilo yangaphambili
Enkolweni Engcwele Yosuku Lokugcina, uMoroni wavuswa ngemuva kokufa kwakhe futhi waba yingelosi eyalela uJoseph Smith endaweni yamapuleti egolide angcwatshwe ngawo-1820s.
Abadla
I-Abadla ngumasipala futhi yidolobha elikwisifundazwe se Bechar, e-Aljeriya.
Umbuso wabantu
Umbuso wabantu noma intando yeningi, igama elisetshenziswa ukuhumusha elesiGriki elithi Democracy (δημοκρατία: umvubo wamabizi amabili, elithi dēmos 'abantu' nelithi kratos 'umbuso') elisho uhlobo lukahulumeni lapho abantu banegunya lokucubungula nokunquma ngokushaywa komthetho ("umbuso wabantu oqondile"), noma lapho bekhetha izikhulu zikahulumeni ezizokwenza lokho ("umbuso wabantu ngababhekeli"). Labo abathathwa ngokuthi "abantu" nokuthi igunya lihlukaniselwana kanjani noma abantu baliphathiswa ababhekeli kanjani ezinye izinto ezaguquka emva kweminyaka nangamazinga ahlukene emazweni ehlukene, kodwa emva kweminyaka iningi labantu bamazwe ombusowabantu liye labandakanywa nalo ohlelweni. Izinsika zombusowabantu zihlanganisa inkululeko yokubuthana, nokuzihlanganisa nanoma ubani, amalungelo empahla, inkululeko yenkolo nokuba nezwi, ukubandakanywa nokulingana, ubusakhamuzi, ukuvuma kwababuswayo, amalungelo okukhetha, inkululeko ekuphucweni nguhulumeni ngokungemthetho ilungelo lokuphila nenkululeko, kanye namalungelo abayingcosana.
Isicabango sombuso wabantu siye saguquka kakhulu emva kwesikhathi. Uhlobo lwendabuko lombusowabantu kwakungumbuso wabantu oqondile. Uhlobo lombusowabantu oludumile namuhla umbusowabantu ngababhekeli, lapho abantu bekhetha izikhulu zikahulumeni ezizobabusela njengombusowabantu womgwamaqa (parliamentary) noma umbusowabantu kamongameli.
Ukwenziwa kwezinqumo kwansuku zonke okuvamile emibusweni yabantu kusebenzisa intando yeningi, nakuba ezinye izindlela zokuthathwa kwezinqumo ezifana nobuningikazi (supermajority) nokuvumelana nazo zibe ingxenye yemibuso yabantu. Lezi zifeza injongo emqoka ekubandakanyweni nasekubeni ngokomthetho okubanzi ezindabeni ezibucayi—ngokuphambukulingana ubuningi—futhi kanjalo kube isandulela ezingeni lomthethosisekelo. Kumxhantela ovamile wombusowabantu wobukhululeki, amandla weningi asebenza ngaphakathi kohlaka lababhekeli bombusowabantu, kodwa umthethosisekelo ukhawula iningi futhi uvikela ingcosana—imvama ngokuhlanganyela kwabo bonke emalungelweni omuntu ngamunye athile, isb. inkululeko yokuba nezwi noma inkululeko yokuzihlanganisa nanoma ubani. pipiounkakiinpipikakaland
Bhonasi ye-roulette
I-Roulette iwumdlalo wekhasino oqanjwe ngegama lesiFulentshi elisho isondo elincane okungenzeka lathuthukiswa lisuka kumdlalo wase-Italy othi Biribi. Emdlalweni, umdlali angase akhethe ukubheja enombolweni eyodwa, amaqoqo e zinombolo ahlukahlukene, umbala obomvu noma omnyama, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi inombolo iyinqaba noma ngisho, noma izinombolo ziphezulu noma ziphansi. Ukuze unqume inombolo ewinile, i-croupier ijikelezisa isondo ohlangothini olulodwa, bese iphotha ibhola kwelinye icala elizungeze ithrekhi eyindilinga etshekile ezungeza unqenqema lwangaphandle lwesondo. Ibhola ligcina lilahlekelwe umfutho, lidlule endaweni yeziphambukisi, bese liwela esondweni libe kweyodwa kwezingamashumi amathathu nesikhombisa (i- roulette bonus yesitayela esizimele, yesiFulentshi noma yaseYurophu) noma yamashumi amathathu nesishiyagalombili (i-double-ziro, i-roulette yesitayela saseMelika) noma amashumi amathathu nesishiyagalolunye amaphakethe anombala nanezinombolo esondweni. Okuwinile kube sekukhokhelwa kunoma ubani obeke ukubheja ngempumelelo.
Ukulandelana kwenombolo yesondo le-roulette
Amaphakethe wesondo le-roulette anezinombolo ukusuka ku-0 kuye ku-36.
Ezibalweni zezinombolo ukusuka ku-1 kuye ku-10 no-19 kuye ku-28, izinombolo eziyinqaba zibomvu futhi zimnyama. Ezibangeni ezisuka ku-11 kuye ku-18 kanye naku-29 kuye ku-36, izinombolo eziyinqaba zimnyama futhi zibomvu.
Kunephakethe eliluhlaza elinenombolo 0 (zero).
Ku-roulette yaseMelika, kukhona iphakethe lesibili eliluhlaza eliphawulwe ngokuthi 00. I-oda lenombolo yephakethe esondweni le-roulette ithobela ukulandelana kwewashi kumakhasino amaningi:
Izinhlobo zokubhejwa
Ku-roulette, ukubheja kungaba ngaphakathi noma ngaphandle.
Ukubhejwa ngaphandle :
Ukubheja kwangaphandle kuvamise ukuba nezinkokhelo ezincane ezinethuba elingcono lokuwina. Ngaphandle njengoba kuphawuliwe, konke lokhu kubheja kuyalahleka uma kuvela u-zero.
1 kuya ku-18 (Low noma Manque), noma 19 to 36 (High or Passe)
Okubomvu noma okumnyama (Rouge ou Noir)
Ukubheja kweshumi
Ukubhejwa kwekholomu
Ukubhejwa Inyoka
Imodeli yezibalo
Njengesibonelo, imodeli ye-roulette yaseYurophu, okungukuthi, i-roulette eneziro eyodwa kuphela, ingahlolwa. Njengoba le roulette inamaseli angu-37 anamathuba alinganayo okushaya, lena imodeli yokugcina yamathuba enkambu.
Nahr Atbara District
INahr Atbata yisifunda esingaphansi kwesifundazwe se Kassala, eSudan.
Gozamin
IGozamin yi-woreda engaphansi kwesifundazwe se Amhara, e-Itiyopiya.
Beni Hassen
IBeni Hassen ngumasipala futhi yidolobha elikwisifundazwe se Monastir, eThuniziya.
Ceel-Ogadeen
ICeel-Ogadeen yi-woreda engaphansi kwesifundazwe se Somali, e-Itiyopiya.
Namisindwa District
INamisindwa yisifunda esingaphansi kwesifundazwe se Eastern, eYuganda. Isiqongo salesifunda yi-Bupoto.
I-Aberdeen, IMpumalanga Kapa
I-Aberdeen yidolobha eliseMpumalanga Kapa, eNingizimu Afrika.
Bocoio
IBocoio yidolobha futhi ngumasipala okwisifundazwe se Benguela, e-Angola.
Guelb El Kébir District
IGuelb El Kébir yisifunda esingaphansi kwesifundazwe se Médéa, e-Aljeriya.
Mary Morrissey
UMary Morrissey (owazalwa ngo-1949) ungumbhali waseMelika futhi eyisishoshovu sokungabi nabudlova kwamanye amazwe. Ungumbhali wencwadi ethi Yakha Insimu Yakho Yamaphupho, exoxa ngemizabalazo nezifundo zikaMorrissey kusukela esemncane. Uphinde abe ngumbhali wencwadi ethi No Less Than Greatness, incwadi ekhuluma ngokuphulukisa ubudlelwano. Ngo-2002 waqoqa futhi wahlela incwadi ethi New Thought: A Practical Spirituality.
Umlobi waseMelika uWayne Dyer wambiza ngokuthi "omunye wothisha abacabangela kakhulu besikhathi sethu."
Esebenza kusukela emsebenzini wakhe wokuqala wokusiza abantu emhlabeni wonke, uMorrissey wasungula i-Association for Global New Thought ngo-1995 futhi wayengumongameli wayo wokuqala.
Ngo-1997 wahlanganyela nomzukulu ka -Mahatma Gandhi, u-Arun Gandhi, ekusunguleni Isizini Yamazwe Ngamazwe Yokungenzi Udlame. Kusukela ngoJanuwari 2019, iSikhathi Sokungabi Nodlame sagujwa emhlabeni wonke njengethuba "lokuhlanganisa imiphakathi, ukuyinika amandla okucabanga nokusiza ukudala umhlaba ongenalo udlame."
Lindokuhle Mkhwanazi
ULindokuhle "Linda" Mkhwanazi (owaziwa nangokuthi "Bob") (owazalwa ngomhlaka 12 Julayi 1985 eRichards Bay, eNingizimu Afrika )ungumdlali webhola lezinyawo waseNingizimu Afrika odlala njengomdlali wasesiswini ozivikela kuThanda Royal Zulu kwiPremier Soccer Africa Iligi.
Mary Morrissey
Ukugxekwa
Encwadini yakhe ethi, I-Shadow Medicine: The Placebo in Conventional and Alternative Therapies, uJohn S. Haller uxwayisa ngokuthi ezinye izindlela zokwelapha, ezinikezwa nguMary Morrissey, akufanele zithathwe njengengxenye yemithi evamile.
Kirinyaga County
IKirinyaga yisifundazwe sase Khenya.
Lindokuhle Mkhwanazi
Umsebenzi
Impumelelo kaMkhwanazi ngePirates ngesikhathi esesezinhlakeni zayo zentuthuko ifaka phakathi ukumela izwe kowamanqamu weNike Premier Cup ngonyaka odlule e-England ngemuva kokuthi iqembu lakhe lishaye iSupersport United ngo 4-3 sekukhahlelwa amaphenathi ekhaya.
Umsebenzi wamazwe omhlaba
UMkhwanazi ubelokhu encintisana ezingeni lomhlaba neqembu lama-Olympic labangaphansi kweminyaka engama-23 kusukela ngo-2004.
Kassala District
IKassala yisifunda esingaphansi kwesifundazwe se Kassala, eSudan.
Thembi Mtshali-Jones
UThembi Mtshali-Jones (owazalwa 7 November 1949), umlingisi waseNingizimu Afrika.Uthathwa njengomunye wabaculi abadume kakhulu eNingizimu Afrika, uThembi uphawuleka ngokulingisa emidlalweni eminingi kamabonakude ethandwayo okubalwa kuyo uSgudi 'Snaysi, Stokvel, Silent Witness nethi Imbewu.Ngaphandle kokulingisa, ubuye abe ngumculi odumile, umbhali wemidlalo yeshashalazi kanye ne-Associate Teaching Artist eGlobal Arts Corps eKosovo kanjalo nomqeqeshi eCambodia.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Wazalwa ngomhlaka 7 Novemba 1949 eSabhoza, isigodi esiseduze noLundi, eThekwini, eNingizimu Afrika .Abazali bakhe bahlukanisa ngemuva nje kokuzalwa kwakhe.Kamuva wakhulela elokishini laKwaMashu lapho aqedela khona izifundo zakhe.Ngezikhathi zesikole, wakhulelwa ngakho-ke waphoqeleka ukuba ashiye isikole.
Ngo-1998, waba nokuhlala eGallaudet University eWashington DC, e-USA kwathi kamuva waba se- University of Louisville, e-USA ngo-2004. Nge umnikelo emkhakheni wezobuciko, yena wenziwe Honorary Citizen of Louisville yiMeya futhi wathola emavi ekubonga yi Kentucky iSigele. Kamuva uMbusi waseKentucky wamnika isihloko esithi Honorary Kentucky Colonel, udumo oluphakeme eKentucky.
Unendodakazi eyodwa, uPhumzile wasemshadweni wakhe wokuqala owagcina ngesehlukaniso. Kamuva, wayeshade no-Emrys Jones, owayemncane ngeminyaka eyishumi kunoThembi. Uhlangane no-Emrys, ngesikhathi ezobuka owesifazane oyedwa kaThembi ekhombisa i- A Woman in Waiting. Babenezinyanga eziyisishiyagalombili bethandana futhi ekugcineni bashada. U-Emrys wasebenza njengomhlaziyi webhizinisi enkampanini kawoyela ezinze eLondon. Bahlala ndawonye iminyaka engu-17, waze washona ngo-2016 kulandela isifo senhliziyo.
Umsebenzi
Ithalente lakhe lokulingisa latholwa nguWelcome Msomi lapho uThembi adlala khona emdlalweni wakhe wokuqala uMabatha. Wabe esejoyina i-'Musical Ipi Tombi ', waba ngowesifazane oholayo njengo-'Mama Tembu'. Wenza izinkambo eziningi zomhlaba wonke ezibandakanya iWest End neBroadway. Kamuva waya e-USA ukuze athuthukise umsebenzi wakhe wezomculo lapho ahlangana khona nabaculi abadumile uHugh Masekela noMiriam Makeba .Bavakashela iYurophu ne-Afrika iminyaka eminingana. Ngo-1987, uThembi wabuyela eNingizimu Afrika wajoyina iMarket Theatre. Etheatre, uthole ithuba lokusebenza noJanice Honeyman kwiBlack And White Follies.
Kusukela ngawo-1970, ubedlala esiteji ngenombolo yemidlalo ethile. NoGcina Mhlophe noMaralin Vanrenen, ubebhalile futhi wadlala umdlalo wasesteji Owake Wambona uZandile. Uwine i-Fringe First e- Edinburgh Festival Fringe ngendima ayidlalile kulowo mdlalo. Ngaleyo mpumelelo, wabe esehlanganyela ngokubhala umdlalo we- Edeni nezinye izindawo kanye nabesifazane base-Afrika noBarney Simon .Khonamanjalo, wahambela e-UK nase-USA ngomculo weMalcom Purkey ' uMarabi '. Ngo-1998, wathola ilungelo lokuculela ingoma kamongameli wangaleso sikhathi uNelson Mandela ngosuku lwakhe lokuzalwa lwama-80 eWashington DC. Ingoma yasakazwa bukhoma kwi- CNN.
Kodwa-ke, waduma ngomdlalo wethelevishini obizwa ngo-1986 uSgudi 'Snaysi ngendima ka'Thoko '.Ngo-1988, wenza ukuba intombazane yakhe ibukeke njengowesifazane ohola phambili eMapantsula. Le filimu yaklonyeliswa njengeBest New Film e- Cannes Film Festival ngalowo nyaka. Ngo-1999, wabhala ngokubhala umdlalo wesifazane oyedwa othi A Woman in Waiting. Lo mdlalo ubususelwa empilweni yangempela kaThambile futhi ubudlalelwa eJoseph Paps Theatre eNew York. Umdlalo kamuva wanqoba iFringe First e-Edinburgh Festival. Ngo-2001, lo mdlalo wadlalwa eNew Ambassador Theatre, eLondon futhi kamuva eNingizimu Afrika, eTunisia, eCanada, e-US naseBermuda Island.Ngo-1999, uThembi wahlabana ngendondo yeBest Actress Award eThe Carthage Festival eTunisia. Kamuva wenza uhlelo lomsakazo i-BBC 4, futhi wawina iSony Gold Award ngo-2002.
Ngo-2002, wajoyina isitokofela sethelevishini ngendima ethi 'Hazel'. Kamuva waphakanyiselwa i- International Emmy Award ngo-2004 ngale ndima. Ngo-2002 waqokwa emkhakheni we-African Excellence in Entertainment & Arts kwiTribute Achievers Awards Ceremony. Ngo-2006, uThembi wajoyina umkhankaso wamazwe omhlaba i- Truth In Translation owawuqondiswe ngumqondisi waseMelika uMichael Lessac. Lo mdlalo wavulwa eRwanda futhi kamuva wadlala e-US, eYurophu nase-Afrika kanye naseBaxter Theatre Centre ngo-2007. Ngo-2009, wathola i-Lifetime Achievement Award yeDolobha laseThekwini kanye nesiFundazwe saKwaZulu-Natali. Wabe esethola umklomelo we-Lifetime ku-Arts and Culture Trust ngo-2015.
Ubumormoni
Imfundiso yenkolo yamaMormon igxile eNcwadini kaMormoni, ezichaza njengomlando wabantu bokuqala bomdabu baseMelika kanye nokusebenza kwabo noNkulunkulu.Imfundiso yenkolo yamaMormon ifaka phakathi izinkolelo ezijwayelekile zobuKristu ezinokuguqulwa okuvela kwizambulo eziya kuSmith nabanye abaholi benkolo.Lokhu kufaka phakathi ukusetshenziswa nokukholelwa eBhayibhelini, kanye neminye imibhalo yenkolo ehlanganisa iMfundiso neziVumelwano neParele leNani eliKhulu .I-Mormonism ifaka izimfundiso ezibalulekile zomshado waphakade, ukuqhubeka okungapheli, ukubhabhadiswa kwabafileyo, isithembu noma umshado weningi njengokugunyazwa nguNkulunkulu, ubumsulwa bezocansi, ezempilo (ezichazwe eZwini leNhlakanipho), ukuzila ukudla nokugcinwa kweSabatha.
Imfundiso yenkolo uqobo ayifani; ekuqaleni kuka-1831, futhi okubaluleke kakhulu ngemuva kokushona kukaSmith, amaqembu ahlukene ahlukana neSonto likaKristu elasungulwa nguSmith.Ngaphandle kokwehluka ebuholini, la maqembu ahluke kakhulu ezimeni zawo zesithembu, iSonto LDS elizinze e-Utah elalivimbele ngo-1890, kanye noZiqu-zintathu, okuyinto iSonto le-LDS elingaqinisekisi ngalo.Igatsha lemfundiso yenkolo elifuna ukugcina umkhuba wesithembu laziwa njengeMormon basicism futhi lifaka amasonto ahlukahlukene.Amanye amaqembu aqinisekisa uZiqu-zintathu, njengeCommunity of Christ (eyayiyiReorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints), futhi bachaza imfundiso yabo njengoZiqu-zintathu owabuyisela ubuKristu.
I-Cultural Mormonism yigama eliqanjwe ngamasiko amaMormon ahlangana namasiko, ikakhulukazi akhona e-Utah nase-Idaho, kepha hhayi ukuthi azihloniphi ngemfundiso yenkolo.
Ukubuka konke komlando
Izimfundiso zikaMormonism zaqala ngomfana wasepulazini uJoseph Smith ngawo-1820s entshonalanga yeNew York ngesikhathi senjabulo engokwenkolo eyaziwa ngokuthi yi- Second Great Awakening.Ngemuva kokukhuleka ngokuthi iyiphi inhlangano okufanele ayijoyine, uSmith wathi wathola umbono entwasahlobo yango-1820.Ebizwa ngokuthi " Umbono Wokuqala ", uSmith wathi uNkulunkulu uBaba kanye nendodana yakhe uJesu Kristu bavele kuye futhi bamyalela ukuthi angajoyini nelilodwa lamasonto akhona ngoba bonke babenephutha. Ngawo-1820s uSmith walandisa ngokuvakashelwa izingelosi izikhathi eziningana, futhi ekugcineni watshelwa ukuthi uNkulunkulu wayezomsebenzisa ukumisa kabusha ibandla lobuKristu beqiniso.
UJoseph Smith uthe iNcwadi kaMormoni yahunyushelwa ekubhalweni kwamapuleti egolide ngolimi lwaseGibhithe olwenziwe kabusha, lahunyushwa ngosizo lwe- Urimi neThumimi namatshe okubona.Uthe ingelosi iqale yamkhombisa ukuthi amapuleti ayekhona ngo-1823, angcwatshwa egqumeni eliseduze .Ngosizo lukaMartin Harris, umlandeli wokuqala, uSmith waqala ukuyala umbhalo weNcwadi kaMormoni ngo-Ephreli 12, 1828.Yize ukuhumusha kwaphazanyiswa ukushushiswa, ukuqhubeka kukaSmith emsebenzini ukuze ondle umndeni wakhe, nokulahleka kukaHarris kwamakhasi ayi- 116, umbhalo wesandla weNcwadi kaMormoni waqedwa ngoJuni 1829.USmith uthe amapuleti abuyiselwa engelosini ngemuva kokuqeda ukuhumusha.Ngesikhathi uSmith ethi unamapuleti, abantu abangu-15 bavunyelwe ukuthi babone ukuthi babekhona.
INcwadi kaMormoni ithi ingumlando wama- Israyeli akuqala asuka eMpumalanga Eseduze aya emazweni aseMelika.Incwadi iqala ngendaba yokuhamba komndeni kaLehi (umprofethi) eJerusalema ngokunxuswa nguNkulunkulu c. 600 BC, futhi kamuva ngomkhumbi waya emazweni aseMelika c. 589 BC.Abantu baseMelika babhalwa njengabakholelwa kuKristu emakhulwini eminyaka ngaphambi kokuzalwa kwakhe, bebona ukuvakasha kukaKristu kubo ngemuva kokuvuka kwakhe, futhi ekugcineni balahlekelwa ubuKristu emva kwezizukulwane zezimpi nokuhlubuka. INcwadi kaMormoni nezambulo eziqhubekayo kungaba yindlela yokusungula imfundiso elungile yebandla elibuyisiwe.USmith, u-Oliver Cowdery, nabanye abalandeli bokuqala baqala ukubhabhadisa abasanda kuguquka ngo-1829 futhi bahlelwa ngokusemthethweni ngo-1830 njengeSonto likaKristu.Smith wabonwa abalandeli bakhe njengoba banamuhla umprofethi.
Isimo sikaNkulunkulu
Ku-Mormonism wama-orthodox, igama uNkulunkulu ngokujwayelekile libhekisa kuNkulunkulu wasebhayibhelini onguYise, lowo ama- Latter Day Saints abhekise kuye njengo- Elohim,  futhi igama elithi ubuNkulunkulu libhekisele emkhandlwini wabantu abathathu abahlukene bakaNkulunkulu abanoNkulunkulu uBaba, uJesu Kristu (iNdodana yakhe eyizibulo, uLatter Day Saints ambiza ngoJehova ), noMoya oNgcwele. Ama-Latter Day Saints akholelwa ukuthi uBaba, iNdodana, noMoya oNgcwele yizinto ezintathu ezihlukile, nokuthi uBaba noJesu baphelelise, bakhazimulisa, imizimba yenyama, kanti uMoya oNgcwele ungumoya ongenawo umzimba wenyama. Ama-Latter Day Saints nawo akholelwa ukuthi kukhona abanye onkulunkulu nonkulunkulukazi ngaphandle kobuNkulunkulu, njengoMama waseZulwini — ongumfazi kaNkulunkulu uBaba — nokuthi abaNgcwele beziNsuku zokuGcina abathembekile bangathola ubuNkulunkulu emva kokufa. UJoseph Smith wafundisa ukuthi uNkulunkulu wake waba indoda kwenye iplanethi ngaphambi kokuba luphakanyisiwe godhood.
Lo mqondo wehlukile kuMfundiso kaZiqu-zintathu wamaKhristu ngezindlela eziningi, enye yazo ngukuthi iMormonism ayizange yamukele noma iqhubeke nokubamba imfundiso yeSivumo Sokholo saseNicaea, ukuthi uYise, iNdodana noMoya oNgcwele bangabantu noma into efanayo.Futhi, iMormonism ifundisa ukuthi ukuhlakanipha okuhlala kumuntu ngamunye kuhlangene noNkulunkulu. AmaMormon asebenzisa igama elithi umninimandla onke ukuchaza uNkulunkulu, futhi ambheka njengoMdali: amqonda njengonamandla onke naphakade kodwa angaphansi komthetho wemvelo waphakade olawula ubuhlakani, ubulungiswa kanye nesimo saphakade sendaba (okusho ukuthi uNkulunkulu wahlela umhlaba kepha akazange kuyidalele lutho). Mormon conception noNkulunkulu anithethelela kuyahluka kakhulu kusukela isiko lamaJuda ka monotheism nezimiso zokuziphatha lapho elohimi (אֱלֹהִים) kuyinto nje ebamba isisu ehluke ngokuphelele.
Ukubuyiselwa
Mormonism lichaza uqobo njengoba abangena ngaphansi izwe ubuKristu, kodwa njengoba esihlukile abuyiselwe kwenchubo ; lizibonakalisa njengelona kuphela uhlobo lwangempela lwenkolo yobuKristu kusukela ngesikhathi sokuhlubuka okukhulu okwaqala kungekudala emva kokukhuphuka kukaJesu Kristu. Ngokusho kwamaMormon lokhu kuhlubuka kwakuhilela ukonakala kwemfundiso emsulwa, yobuKristu yokuqala kanye namaGreki namanye amafilosofi, nabalandeli behlukana ngamaqembu emibono ehlukene. Ukwengeza, amaMormon athi ukufela ukholo kwabaPhostoli kwaholela ekulahlekelweni kwegunya lobuPristi lokuphatha iSonto kanye nezimiso zalo.
AmaMormon akholelwa ukuthi uNkulunkulu walimisa kabusha iSonto LamaKristu lokuqala njengoba litholakala eTestamenteni Elisha ngoJoseph Smith.Ikakhulukazi, amaMormon ziyakholwa ukuthi izingelosi ezifana uPetru, uJakobe, uJohane, futhi uJohane uMbhapathizi wabonakala uJoseph Smith nabanye futhi pha ahlukahlukene Ubupristi iziphathimandla phezu kwabo. AmaMormon akholelwa ukuthi iSonto lawo "yilo kuphela isonto leqiniso neliphilayo" ngoba igunya elingcwele labuyiselwa kulo ngoSmith.Ngaphezu kwalokho, amaMormon akholelwa ukuthi uSmith nabalandela bakhe ngokusemthethweni abaprofethi banamuhla abathola isambulo esivela kuNkulunkulu ukuhola ibandla.Bamile ekutheni ezinye izinkolo zinengxenye yeqiniso futhi ziholwa ukukhanya kukaKristu.
I-cosmmology
I-cosmology kaSmith ibekwe ikakhulu kwizambulo nezintshumayelo zakamuva zikaSmith, kepha ikakhulukazi iNcwadi ka-Abraham, iNcwadi kaMose kanye nenkulumo yeNkosi Follett. KaMomoni Cosmology izipho umbono kaNkulunkulu ehlukile futhi yonke, futhi izindawo ukubaluleka phezulu womuntu ejensi.KuMormonism, impilo emhlabeni iyingxenye emfushane yokuphila okuphakade.AmaMormon akholelwa ukuthi ekuqaleni, bonke abantu babekhona njengemimoya noma "ubuhlakani," ebukhoneni bukaNkulunkulu.Kulesi simo, uNkulunkulu waphakamisa icebo lensindiso ababengathuthuka ngalo futhi babe "nelungelo lokuqhubekela phambili njengaye."Imimoya yayikhululekile ukwamukela noma ukwenqaba lolu hlelo, futhi "ingxenye yesithathu" yabo, eholwa nguSathane yalwenqaba.Bonke abanye balwamukela uhlelo, beza emhlabeni futhi bemukela imizimba ngokuqonda ukuthi bazohlangabezana nesono nokuhlupheka.
KuMormonism, ingxenye esemqoka yecebo likaNkulunkulu ukubuyisana kukaJesu Kristu.AmaMormon akholelwa ukuthi inhloso eyodwa yempilo yasemhlabeni ukufunda ukukhetha okuhle kunokubi.Kule nqubo, nakanjani abantu benza amaphutha, bengafaneleki ukubuyela ebukhoneni bukaNkulunkulu.AmaMormon akholelwa ukuthi uJesu wakhokhela izono zomhlaba nokuthi bonke abantu bangasindiswa ngenhlawulo yakhe.AmaMormon amukela ukubuyisana kukaKristu ngokholo, ukuphenduka, izivumelwano ezisemthethweni noma izimiso ezifana nokubhabhadiswa, nangokuzama njalo ukuphila impilo efana noKristu.
Melika
Imfundiso yenkolo yamaMormon ifundisa ukuthi i- United States iyindawo eyingqayizivele nokuthi amaMormon angabantu bakaNkulunkulu abakhethiwe, abakhethelwe ikusasa elilodwa.Incwadi kaMormon ikhomba e-United States njengezwe elithenjisiwe eliseBhayibhelini, noMthethosisekelo wase-United States uphefumulelwe ngokwaphezulu, futhi uthi iMelika iyisizwe esihlukile.
E- Upstate New York ngo-1823, uJoseph Smith wathi waba nombono lapho u- Angel Moroni amtshela khona ngamacwecwe egolide aqoshwe agqitshwe egqumeni eliseduze.Ngokusho kukaSmith, wathola imiyalo elandelayo kuMoroni futhi, eminyakeni emine kamuva, wagebenga amapuleti wawahumusha asuka " eGibhithe eliguqulelwe kabusha " aya esiNgisini; iNcwadi kaMormoni eyaba nomphumela-eyabizwa kanjalo ngemuva komprofethi wasendulo waseMelika, owathi, ngokukaSmith, wahlanganisa umbhalo owaqoshwa ezingcwepheni zegolide – ulandisa umlando wesizwe sakwa- Israyeli, oholwa ngumprofethi uLehi, owathutha esuka eJerusalema waya Amazwe aseMelika ngekhulu lesi-7 BCE. KuMormonism, lezi zizwe zakwa-Israyeli ezafudukela eMelika emakhulwini eminyaka ngaphambi kokuzalwa kukaJesu Kristu zithathwa njengeziphakathi kokhokho baseMelika baseMelika bangaphambi kweColombia.
UJoseph Smith wathi iJerusalema Elisha leminyaka eyinkulungwane lalizokwakhiwa eMelika (i-10th Article of Faith ). Ku- Doctrine and Covenants, uSmith uqopha uNkulunkulu ethi "akulungile ukuthi noma yimuphi umuntu abe yizigqila zomunye nomunye. Futhi ngale njongo ngiwusungulile uMthethosisekelo waleli zwe, ngezandla zabantu abahlakaniphileyo engabakhulisa ngafinyelela kuyo le njongo, futhi ngahlenga umhlaba ngokuchitheka kwegazi ”(Mf & V 101: 79–80). KumaMormon, lokhu kubeka iMelika njengomsunguli wenkululeko nenkolo, kuyilapho kubhekwa isidingo sokwandisa lezi zimiso zaseMelika emhlabeni jikelele.
Yize ngokusemthethweni kuvinjelwe iSonto le-LDS, amaMormon angama-fundamentalist akholelwa ku- White Horse Prophecy, ethi amaMormon azocelwa ukuthi alondoloze uMthethosisekelo njengoba ulenga "ngentambo".
Izimiso
KuMormonism, isimiso isiko lenkolo elibaluleke ngokukhethekile, imvamisa lifaka ukwakheka kwesivumelwano noNkulunkulu. Izimiso zenziwa ngegunya lobupristi kanye nangegama likaJesu Kristu.Leli gama linencazelo ecishe ifane naleyo yegama elithi " isakramente " kwamanye amahlelo obuKristu. Ukonga izimiso (noma izimiso ezibukwa njengokudingakalayo ekusindisweni) kufaka phakathi: ukubhaphathizwa ngokucwilisa ngemuva kweminyaka yokuziphendulela (imvamisa iminyaka yobudala eyi-8); ukuqinisekiswa nokwamukelwa kwesipho sikaMoya oNgcwele, esenziwa ngokubeka izandla ekhanda lelungu elisanda kubhapathizwa; ukugcotshelwa ubupristi buka -Aroni nobukaMelkisedeki kwabesilisa; isipho (kufaka phakathi ukuwashwa nokugcotshwa ) okutholwe emathempelini ; nomshado (noma ukubekwa uphawu ) koshade naye.
AmaMormon futhi enze nezinye izimiso, ezifaka hlangana ukuhlahluba kwantambama SeNkosi (evame ukubizwa ngokuthi isakramente ), efaka i nesibusiso izingane, enika izibusiso ubupristi kanye izibusiso wezinzalamizi, okugcoba uyawubusisa ogulayo, ukubamba iqhaza emibuthanweni umthandazo, futhi ukubekela eceleni abantu ababizwa esontweni izikhundla.
KuMormonism, izimiso ezisindisayo zibonakala zidingekile ekusindisweni, kepha azanele ngokwazo.Isibonelo, ukubhabhadiswa kuyadingeka ekuphakanyisweni, kepha ukumane ubhabhadiswe akuqinisekisi noma yimuphi umvuzo waphakade.Umuntu obhapathiziwe kulindeleke ukuthi alalele imiyalo kaNkulunkulu, aphenduke kunoma yikuphi ukuziphatha okuyisono okulandelayo lapho ebhapathizwa, futhi athole nezinye izimiso ezisindisayo.
Ngoba amaMormon akholelwa ukuthi wonke umuntu kumele athole izimiso ezithile ukuze asindiswe, amaMormon enza izimiso egameni labantu abangasekho.Lezo zimiso zenziwa ngokungahambisani noma "ngummeleli" egameni labafileyo.Ngokuvumelana nenkolelo yabo "kunkululeko yamahhala" yomuntu ngamunye, ephilayo noma efile, amaMormon akholelwa ukuthi umufi angamukela noma anqabe umthetho owunikezwayo ezweni lemimoya, njengoba nje yonke imimoya yanquma ukwamukela noma ukwenqaba uhlelo lukaNkulunkulu ekuqaleni.Ngaphezu kwalokho, le mithetho "enemibandela" eyenzelwa abafileyo yenziwa kuphela uma imininingwane yozalo lomuntu oshonile isihanjisiwe ethempelini futhi isetshenzwa kahle lapho ngaphambi kokuba kwenziwe isiko lokumiswa. Izimiso zensindiso kuphela ezenzelwa abantu abangasekho.
UmBhalo
AmaMormon bakholelwa ku Old and eTestamente Elisha, kanye LDS Church esebenzisa iBhayibheli lesiZulu elivamile njengoba umbhalo wayo olusemthethweni sembhalo we iBhayibheli.Ngenkathi amaMormon ekholelwa ekunembeni okuvamile kombhalo wosuku lwanamuhla weBhayibheli, nawo akholelwa ukuthi awaphelele nokuthi amaphutha angenisiwe. Emfundisweni kaMormon, amaqiniso amaningi alahlekile abuyiselwa eNcwadini kaMormoni, amaMormon abamba ukuthi angumbhalo waphezulu futhi alingana negunya leBhayibheli.
Kénadsa
IKénadsa ngumasipala futhi yidolobha elikwisifundazwe se Bechar, e-Aljeriya.
Ubumormoni
Isambulo
KuMormonism, isambulo esiqhubekayo yisimiso sokuthi uNkulunkulu noma amanxusa akhe aphezulu aqhubeke nokuxhumana nesintu.Lokhu kuxhumana kungabonakala ngezindlela eziningi: amathonya kaMoya oNgcwele (ifomu eliyinhloko lapho lesi simiso sibonakala khona), imibono, ukuvakashelwa kwezidalwa zaphezulu, nabanye.UJoseph Smith wasebenzisa isibonelo sezambulo zeNkosi kuMose kuDuteronomi ukuchaza ukubaluleka kwesambulo esiqhubekayo:
AmaMormon akholelwa ukuthi uSmith kanye nabaholi besonto abalandelayo bangakhuluma umbhalo "lapho beqhutshwa nguMoya oNgcwele."Ngaphezu kwalokho, amaMormon amaningi akholelwa ukuthi abaprofethi basendulo kwezinye izifunda zomhlaba bathola izambulo ezaholela kweminye imibhalo elahlekile futhi okungenzeka, ngelinye ilanga, ibe khona.KuMormonism, isambulo asigcini kumalungu esonto.Isibonelo, ama-Latter Day Saints akholelwa ukuthi uMthethosisekelo wase-United States ngumbhalo ophefumulelwe ngokwaphezulu.
AmaMormon ayakhuthazwa ukuba akhe ubuhlobo bomuntu noMoya oNgcwele futhi athole isambulo somuntu siqu ngokuqondiswa kwabo kanye nokwomndeni wabo.Umqondo wesambulo se-Latter Day Saint wembandakanya inkolelo yokuthi isambulo esivela kuNkulunkulu siyatholakala kubo bonke abasifuna ngobuqotho ngenhloso yokwenza okuhle. Iphinde lifundisa ukuthi wonke umuntu unelungelo lokuthola isambulo siqu mayelana yakhe nobuphathi (ubuholi umthwalo).Ngakho-ke, abazali bangathola ugqozi oluvela kuNkulunkulu ekukhuliseni imindeni yabo, abantu ngabanye bangathola ugqozi olungcwele lokubasiza bahlangabezane nezinselelo zabo, abaphathi bebandla bangathola isambulo kulabo ababasebenzelayo.
Ukuhlobana nobuKrestu obujwayelekile
Mormonism categorizes uqobo ngaphakathi kobuKristu, futhi cishe zonke amaMormon self-ukukhomba njenge Christian. Kwabanye abantu ichaze ubuKristu phakathi izimfundiso ubuKatolika, Eastern futhi Oriental-Orthodox, le Amasonto aseMpumalanga, futhi EsengamaProthestani, umehluko Mormonism sika ngiyibeke ngaphandle isambulela kobuKristu.
AmaMormon akholelwa kuJesu Kristu njengeNdodana kaNkulunkulu noMesiya, ukubethelwa kwakhe njengesiphetho somnikelo wesono, kanye nokuvuka okulandelayo.Kodwa-ke, ama-Latter-day Saints (LDS) ayazenqaba izivumo zokholo zamasonto kanye nencazelo kaZiqu -zintathu. (Ngokuphambene nalokho, ihlelo lesibili ngobukhulu beLatter Day Saint, uMphakathi kaKristu, ungoweZiqu-zintathu futhi ukholelwa kuNkulunkulu munye. ) AmaMormon anombono wokuthi iTestamente Elisha laprofetha kokubili ukuhlubuka ezimfundisweni zikaKristu nabaphostoli bakhe kanye nokubuyiselwa kwezinto zonke ngaphambi kokubuya kwesibili kukaKristu.
Ukungezwani okuthile okuphawuleka ngobuKrestu obujwayelekile kufaka phakathi: Inkolelo yokuthi uJesu waqala ukubuyisana kwakhe ensimini yaseGetsemane futhi wakuqhubekisela ekubethelweni kwakhe, kunenkolelo evamile yokuthi ukubethelwa kukodwa kwakuwukuhlawulelwa komzimba; kanye nokuphila kwangemva kokufa okunamadigri amathathu enkazimulo, isihogo (esivame ukubizwa ngejele lomoya ) siyinqolobane yesikhashana yababi phakathi kokufa nokuvuka.Ngokwengeziwe, amaMormon awakholelwa endalweni ex nihilo, akholelwa ukuthi into ingunaphakade, futhi indalo yayihilela uNkulunkulu ukuhlela udaba olukhona.
Iningi lesimiso senkolelo yamaMormon siqondiswe ngokwendawo ezungeze amazwekazi aseNyakatho naseNingizimu Melika.AmaMormon akholelwa ukuthi abantu beNcwadi kaMormoni babehlala enkabazwe esentshonalanga, ukuthi uKristu wavela enkabazwe esentshonalanga ngemuva kokufa nokuvuka kwakhe, ukuthi ukholo lweqiniso lwabuyiselwa e- Upstate New York nguJoseph Smith, ukuthi iNsimu yase-Edene yayikhona eNyakatho Melika, nokuthi iJerusalema Elisha lizokwakhiwa eMissouri.Ngalesi sizathu nezinye, kufaka phakathi inkolelo yamaMormon amaningi e- American exceptionalism, uMolly Worthen ucabanga ukuthi yingakho uLeo Tolstoy echaze iMormonism "njengenkolo 'yaseMelika" engapheli.
Ukuhlobana nobuJuda
Yize amaMormon engasho ukuthi ayingxenye yobuJuda, imfundiso yenkolo yamaMormon ithi ibeka iMormonism ngaphakathi komongo wobuJuda kuze kube sezingeni elingaphezulu kwalokho okushiwo ngamanye amahlelo obuKrestu. Inkolo ifaka imibono eminingi yeTestamente Elidala emfundisweni yayo, futhi izinkolelo zamaMormon kwesinye isikhathi zifana nezobuJuda nezinto ezithile zesiko lamaJuda.Ezinsukwini zokuqala zamaMormonism, uJoseph Smith wafundisa ukuthi abomdabu baseMelika babengamalungu ezinye zezizwe ezilahlekile zakwa-Israyeli .Kamuva, wafundisa ukuthi amaMormon ayengama-Israyeli, nokuthi bangafunda ngokuhlangana kwabo kwesizwe phakathi kwezizwe eziyishumi nambili zakwa-Israyeli.Amalungu eSonto le-LDS athola izibusiso zePatriarchal ezimemezela uhlu lozalo lomamukeli kwesinye sezizwe sakwa-Israyeli.Uhlu lozalo lungolayini weqiniso noma ukutholwa.ISonto le-LDS lifundisa ukuthi uma umuntu engeyona inzalo eqondile yesinye sezizwe eziyishumi nambili, lapho ebhapathizwa wamukelwa kwesinye sezizwe.Izibusiso zezinzalamizi zifaka nemininingwane yomuntu uqobo eyembulwa ngosomandla ngamandla wobupristi.
Kube khona ukuphikisana okubandakanya amaqembu amaJuda abona isenzo sezinto ezithile zeMormonism njengezinyanyekayo.Ngama-1990s, amaqembu amaJuda aphikisana kakhulu nomkhuba we-LDS wokubhabhadisela abafileyo egameni lezisulu ezingamaJuda zokuQothulwa Kwesizwe kanye namaJuda jikelele.Ngokusho LDS Isonto igunya jikelele Monte J. Brough, "amaMormon labo ababebhapathizwa 380.000 ukuQothulwa Kwesizwe izisulu kwakhe abangu eshukunyiswa uthando nesihe futhi abazange baqonde isenzo sabo kungase kubacasule amaJuda ... bona babengazi ukuthi lokho okuhloswe njengendlela 'isenzo Christian yomsebenzi '' ubulahlekile futhi ungazweli '".AmaMormon akholelwa ukuthi lapho abafileyo bebhapathizwa ngommeleli, banenketho yokwamukela noma ukwenqaba lo mthetho.
Ukuhlukana ngokwenkolo
Imfundiso yenkolo kaMormon ifaka phakathi ukunyakaza okuyinhloko okuthathu. Okukhulu kunakho konke lokhu yi "Mormonism ejwayelekile", echazwe ubuholi beThe Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church).Ukunyakaza okubili okubanzi ngaphandle kwamaMormonism ajwayelekile yi- Mormon basicism, kanye ne-liberal reformist Mormonism.
ISonto LDS lifuna ukuziqhelelanisa namanye amagatsha amaMormonism, ikakhulukazi lawo enza isithembu.Isonto ligcina izinga elithile le-orthodoxy ngokususa noma ukujezisa amalungu alo athatha izikhundla noma enza imikhuba ebhekwa njengokuhlubuka.Isibonelo, iSonto le-LDS lixosha amalungu enza isithembu noma amukela izinkolelo nemikhuba ye-Mormon basicism.
Ubufandamentali bukaMormon
Enye indlela iMormonism ehlukanisa ngayo izinto neMormonism ejwayelekile ngomkhuba wokushada ngobuningi .Ama-Fundamentalists aqale aqhamuka eSontweni LDS ngemuva kokuthi leyo mfundiso inqanyulwe ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20.Isisekelo samaMormon sifundisa ukuthi ukushada ngobuningi kuyisidingo sokuphakanyiswa (okuyizinga eliphakeme kakhulu lensindiso), okuzobenza baphile njengonkulunkulu nonkulunkulukazi empilweni yangemva kokufa.Ama-Mormon ajwayelekile, ngokwahlukana, akholelwa ukuthi umshado owodwa waseCelestial uyadingeka ukuze uphakanyiswe.
Ngokuhlukile neSonto le-LDS, ama-Mormon fundamentalists nawo avame ukukholelwa kwezinye izimfundiso eziningi ezifundiswe futhi zenziwa nguBrigham Young ngekhulu le-19, lelo iSonto le-LDS elizishiyile, lazenqaba, noma lazibeka enkingeni.Lokhu kufaka phakathi:
Abalandeli be-Mormon bakholelwa ukuthi lezi zimiso zashiywa ngokungafanele noma zashintshwa yiSonto LDS, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yesifiso sobuholi bayo namalungu ukuba bahlanganyele emphakathini omkhulu waseMelika futhi bagweme ukushushiswa nokuxabana okwakubonakala esontweni eminyakeni yayo yokuqala.Abanye bakholelwa ukuthi bekuyisidingo ngesinye isikhathi ukuthi "ukubuyiselwa kwezinto zonke" kube yiSonto elibuyiselwe ngokweqiniso.
Ukugxekwa
Njengehlelo elikhulu kunawo wonke ngaphakathi kweMormonism, iSonto LDS liye laba yinto yokugxekwa kusukela yasungulwa nguJoseph Smith ku-1830.
Mhlawumbe okuyimpikiswano enkulu, futhi okuyiyona nto ebambe iqhaza ekubulaweni kukaSmith, isimangalo sokuthi umshado weningi (njengoba abavikeli bawubiza kanjalo) noma isithembu (njengoba abagxeki besibiza kanjalo) sigunyazwe ngokweBhayibheli. Ngaphansi kwengcindezi enkulu - i- Utah yayingeke yamukelwe njengombuso uma kwenziwa isithembu - isonto ngokusemthethweni lawalahla lo mkhuba ngo-1890.Isimo sika-Utah salandela ngokushesha.Kodwa-ke, umshado weningi uhlala uyimpikiswano futhi uhlukanisa, njengoba naphezu kokulahlwa okusemthethweni kwe-1890, kusenabazwelayo, abavikeli, kanye nabasebenza ngasese ngaphakathi kweMormonism, yize bengekho eSontweni LDS.
Ukugxekwa kwakamuva kugxile emibuzweni yokubuyekezwa komlando, ukuzonda abathandana nobulili obufanayo, ukucwasa ngokobuhlanga, izinqubomgomo zobulili, ukudalulwa kwemali okunganele, kanye nobuqiniso obungokomlando beNcwadi kaMormoni.
Izinkomba
Citations
Izisekelo zakamomoni
Izisekelo kamomoni(obizwa nangokuthi Fundamentalist Mormonism) liqiniso elikhethiwe eliyisisekelo zezici zobumomoni njengoba kufundiswa futhi zenziwa yekhulu nesishiyagalolunye, ikakhulukazi phakathi kohulumeni ka uJoseph Smith, Brigham Young, futhi uJohn Taylor, ezintathu zokuqala omongameli of The ISonto likaJesu Kristu LamaSuku Okugcina (i-LDS Church).AmaMormonistsists afuna ukusekela izinkambiso nemikhuba engasabanjwa ngamaMormon ajwayelekile (amalungu eSonto LDS).Isimiso esivame ukuhlotshaniswa nobufundamentali bukaMormon umshado wobuningi, uhlobo lwesithembu esafundiswa okokuqala ekuhambeni kwe- Latter Day Saint ngumsunguli wenhlangano, uSmith.Umgomo wesibili futhi ohlotshaniswa kakhulu yilowo we- United Order, uhlobo lobumbano obulinganayo.Abalandeli be-Mormon bakholelwa ukuthi lezi kanye nezinye izimiso zashiywa ngokungafanele noma zaguqulwa yiSonto LDS emizamweni yalo yokubuyisana nomphakathi omkhulu waseMelika.Namuhla, iSonto le-LDS lixosha noma imaphi amalungu alo enza umshado weningi noma ozihlanganisa kakhulu nemikhuba yamaMormon eyimfundiso eqinile.
Umlando
ISonto le-LDS laqala ukwenqabela ukwenza imishado ngobuningi ngaphakathi e- United States e-1890 ngemuva kwesimemezelo esenziwe ngumongameli wesonto uWilford Woodruff.Kodwa-ke, lo mkhuba uqhubeke ngomshoshaphansi e-US futhi ngokusobala emakoloni amaMormon enyakatho yeMexico naseningizimu ye- Alberta.Ngokusho kweminye imithombo, amadoda amaningi ayenesithembu e-United States aqhubeka nokuhlala namakhosikazi awo ngobuningi ngemvume yabongameli besonto uWoodruff, uLorenzo Snow noJoseph F. Smith. Lorin_C._Woolley2.jpg|thumb|200x200px| ULorin C. Woolley (1882)
Baso Liben
IBaso Liben yi-woreda engaphansi kwesifundazwe se Amhara, e-Itiyopiya.
Izisekelo zakamomoni
Umlando
Waziwa njengobaba kaMormon wobufundamentali phakathi kwamahlelo amaningi kakhulu ]] Abanye abakholelwa emlandweni baphikise ngokuthi iManifesto yango-1890 yayingeyona isambulo sangempela sohlobo olunikezwe uNkulunkulu nguJoseph Smith, uBrigham Young, uJohn Taylor, nabanye, kodwa ukuthi kwakuyincwadi ephumelelisayo kwezepolitiki eyayihloselwe nguWoodruff ukuba ibe yisikhashana kuze kube I-Utah Territory ithole umbuso.Benza impikiswano yabo isuselwe ebufakazini bombhalo naseqinisweni lokuthi i- "Manifesto" ayibhaliwe ngokuhambisana nezambulo ezifanayo emibhalweni ye-LDS.Le mpikiswano iqhubeka ithi ngemuva kokujoyina i-Union, i-Utah ibizoba negunya lokushaya imithetho yayo maqondana nomshado, kunokuba iboshwe yimithetho yendawo yase-US enqabela isithembu.Ngaphambi kokuthi kunikezwe umbuso ngo-1896, noma kunjalo, uhulumeni wobumbano wayedinga ukuthi i-Utah ifake umbandela kumthethosisekelo wayo wezwe othi "imishado yesithembu noma yobuningi ivinjelwe unomphela." Ama-Fundamentalists (kanye nezazi eziningi zomlando wamaMormon) nawo akholelwa ukuthi umfutho oyinhloko we-Manifesto yango-1890 kwakungu- Edmunds – Tucker Act wango-1887, umthetho oqinile wesifundazwe owaqeda ngokusemthethweni iSonto LDS, abesifazane ababengavunyelwe amalungelo (ababenikezwe ivoti e-Utah ngo-1870), futhi wacela abavoti ukuthi bathathe isifungo sokulwa nesithembu ngaphambi kokuba bavunyelwe ukuvota okhethweni.
Namuhla, iSonto le-LDS liyaqhubeka nokuxosha amalungu akhuthaza izimfundiso zokuqala zamaMormon ezifana nomshado weningi, angene noma aqinise imishado yobuningi (kungaba e-United States noma kwenye indawo), noma asekele ngenkuthalo amaqembu amaMormon aphikisayo noma aphikisayo.Yize amanye amalungu eSonto le-LDS eqhubeka nokukholelwa emfundisweni yomshado wobuningi ngaphandle kokukwenza, Izimfundiso zikaJoseph Smith ngomshado wobuningi zihlala ziyingxenye yohlu lwezincwadi zeSonto LDS.ISonto le-LDS livimbela noma imaphi amalungu alo azwelana nezimfundiso zamaMormon zokuqina ukuze angene emathempelini alo.
Ezinye izimfundiso eziyisisekelo zokuhamba kwe-Latter Day Saint ngaphandle kwesithembu, ikakhulukazi i- United Order (i-communalism), yize ibaluleke ngokulinganayo emikhubeni yamahlelo athile e-basicist, ayizange ihlolwe noma ihlolwe ngendlela efanayo nomshado weningi, kanye ne-LDS Church eyinhloko uye wasishaya indiva lesi sici sobufandamentali; nganoma yisiphi isimo, akukho sambulo noma isitatimende esilahlayo esake sakhishwa.
IModjadjiskloof
IModjadjiskloof yidolobha elincane eliseLimpopo, eNingizimu Afrika.
Leleti Khumalo
ULeleti Khumalo (owazalwa ngomhlaka 30 Mashi 1970) ngumlingisi waseNingizimu Afrika owaziwa ngendima yakhe ephambili emdlalweni weshashalazi nakumdlalo wasesiteji uSarafina! nangezindima zakhe kwamanye amafilimu afana neHotel Rwanda, Izolo ne- Invictus,kanye nomdlalo owuchungechunge othi Imbewu: The Seed lapho edlala khona uNokubonga "MaZulu" Bhengu.
Impilo yokuqala kanye noSarafina!
UKhumalo uzalelwe elokishini KwaMashu, enyakatho yeTheku,eNingizimu Afrika. Ekhombisa intshisekelo yokunandisa kusukela esemncane,wajoyina iqembu lomdanso wasemakhaya elalibizwa nge-Amajika, elalifundiswa nguTuNokwe.
Ngo-1985 wenza inhlolokhono yomculo kaMbongeni Ngema okwakuzoba yi-blockbuster yamazwe omhlaba iSarafina! ; UNgema ubhale umlingisi ophambili kuSarafina ebhalela uKhumalo. Phambilini wayeshade naye. Njengamanje ushade nosomabhizinisi uSkhutazo Winston Khanyile futhi wazala amawele abo u-Ulwenzile noJamukelani Khanyile.