cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Sedzo
ISedzo yidolobha elikwisifundazwe se Kwilu, eKhongo-Kinshasa.
AmaBhungane
Uphenyo lwabo lokuveza amaahlazo e-"#GuptaLeaks" luveze izindaba eziningi eminyakeni edlule ezembula inkohlakalo yezimali enkulu kwezepolitiki kuhulumeni waseNingizimu Afrika, imisebenzi yabo yophenyo yamukelwa ngemiklomelo eminingi yokuhlonishwa kophenyo lobuntatheli. Le mibiko ikhombise ukuthi umndeni wakwaGupta "uthumbe umbuso" ngobungani bawo nalowo owayenguMongameli uZuma futhi kubukeka sengathi unomthelela ekuhlulweni kwe-ANC kukhetho luka-2016 kumadolobha amakhulukazi aseNingizimu Afrika, ukwehlulwa kukaZuma njengoMongameli we-African National Congress ngomhla ka 18 Disemba 2017 kanye nokwesula kukaZuma esikhundleni sokuba yinhloko yombuso ngomhla ka 14 kuFebhuwari 2018. Baphinde baba nomthelela ekudululweni kwe-Paradise Papers neminye imibiko eminingi ephathelene nomnotho wezepolitiki waseNingizimu Afrika.
Imiklomelo
Lokhu okulandelayo kubandakanya imiklomelo embalwa enikezwe amaBhungane namalungu eqembu labo:
Walmara (woreda)
IWalmara yi-woreda engaphansi kwesifundazwe se Oromia, e-Itiyopiya.
INxelesi
iNzuba iyinhlayiyana yechwe (emelwe izimpawu e noma β) enobuzuba obubodwa obuphikayo. Wonke amachwe anezinzuba ezizungeza indeni yechwe. Izinzuba ziyingxenye yeqembu lokuqala emndenini wezinhlayiyana eziyiZinhlamvwana, futhi kucatshangwa ukuthi ziyizinhlayiyana eziyisisekelo ngenxa yokungabi nezakhi ezincane noma izinhlakana ezaziwayo. Isisindo senzuba cishe sincane izikhathi eziyi-1836 kunaleso seNelesi. Izakhi eziwubuNguxa boMngako zenzuba zihlanganisa umjijiyane osangoni (ukumpimpiliza), wenani eliyingxenye, oboniswa ngemivo yezibalo zikaPlanck. NjengezikaFelimi, akunakwenzeka ukuba izinzuba ezimbili zibe sesimweni soMngako esifanayo, ngokuvumelana nesimiso sikaPauli somgonqo. Izinzuba, njengezinye izinhlayiyana eziyisisekelo zinezakhi zezinhlayiyana nezaMaza: Zingagqushana nezinye izinhlayiyana futhi zingasakazeka njengokukhanya. Izakhi zamaza wenzuba kulula ukuzibukisisa ngemigcanso kunalezo zezinye izinhlayiyana ezinjengeziNtunge neziNelesi ngoba izinzuba zinesisindo esiphansi, ingakho kunebangacuphi lika-de Broglie kumpekumpeku ngayinye.
Izinzuba zineqhaza elimqoka kwizimongotho zoqobo ezimbalwa, ezifana namazuba, ubuwonga, Umchazatho nokudlulisa umchadamezo, futhi ziyahlanganyela kwiminano yomnyondo, inzubawonga nokunanana okubuthaka. Selokhu inzuba yaba nomlelesa, inomzuba oyizungezile, futhi Uma leyo nzuba, ihamba ngokwesimelana nengqapheli, lowo oyingqapheli uzoyibona iphehla ubuwonga. Izinkundla zenzubawonga ezikhiqizwe kweminye imithombo ziba nomthelela emdikini wenzuba ngokomthetho wesiphoqi kaLorentz. Izinzuba ziyonza noma zimunyunge isidlakathi esisesimweni samabane lapho zikhawuleziswa. Amathuluzi asengqalabeni anekhono lokucupheza izinzuba ngazinye kanye nonyazani lwenzuba ngokusebenzisa izinkundla zenzubawonga. Izihlongamkhathi ezikhethekile ziyakwazi ukuhlonga unyazani lwenzuba emkhathingeni. Izinzuba zibandakanyeka lwimisebenzi eminingi efana nomchazaphehlu (tribology) noma ukufukutha ngomshikisho, isicazwanzuba (electrolysis), inzubavanga (electrochemistry), ezobuchwepheshe besiphathanzuba, ezobunzuba (electronics), ukushisela (welding), i-cathode-ray tubes, amazubebane (photoelectricity), iziphempe zesivuvebane (photovoltaic solar panels), Izibonancinci zenzuba, ukwelapha ngemiyonzi (radiation therapy), izicwazi, izihlonga kuhonyozeka kohowo (gaseous ionization detectors)  nezikhawulezisi zenhlayiya.
Katsushika Hokusai
Katsushika Hokusai (31 ngoMfumfu 1760 - 10 ngoNhlaba 1849) ugumpende waJaphani.
Jama kaNdaba
Jama kaNdaba (c. 1757 - 1781), wayeyindodana kaNdaba kaMageba, wayeyinkosi ephekema esizweni samaZulu kususukela ziyi-1763 kuya kwi-1781. Umkhulu wakhe wayekhona Mageba kaGumede. Indodana kaJama kwabe kunguSenzangakhona kuthi indodakazi yakhe kube nguMkabayi.
Rusizi District
IRusizi yisifunda esingaphansi kwesifundazwe se Western, eRuwanda. Isiqongo salesifunda yi-Cyangugu.
Ndaba kaMageba
Ndaba kaMageba wabe eyinkosi yesizwe samaZulu kusukela ngonyaka we-1745 kuya kowe-1763. Undaba wayezalwa nguMageba Indodana yakhe kwabe kunguJam owathat isikhundla sokuba yinkosi kwakhe uMageba.
Tonj East County
ITonj East yisifunda esingaphansi kwesifundazwe se Warrap, eNingizimu Sudan.
IGroot Marico
IGroot Marico yindawo eseNyakatho-Ntshonalanga, eNingizimu Afrika.
Inkalane
Inkalane (ILatin: Aloe arborescens), noma umhlabane uhlobo lwesihlahla olubizwa ngokuthi inhlaba esimila kwaZulu-Natali, eMpumalanga kanye nase Limpopo esisetshenziswa ngabalephi bendabuko ukwelapha. Lesi sihlahla sinamahlamvu amade aqinile aluhlaza cwe acijile emachosheni. Uma sekusondele ubusika ngenyanga kaNhlaba kuze kube nguNtulikazi lesi sihlahla sikhipha izimbali ezinombala okhangayo. Lezi zimbali zinemibala egqamile okubalwa kuyo obomvu kanye nophuzi kanti zithandwa kakhulu izinyosi kanye nezinyoni ngoba zithanda umpe oluthokala kulezi zimbali.
Ukusetshenziswa
Lesi sihlahla sisetshenziswa ukwelapha izifo ezingi ebantwini kanye nasezilwaneni. Amahlamvu enhlaba ayagaywa bese ephuziswa lowo onesisu esibuhlungu. Amahlamvu agayiwe abuye anikezwe izinkukhu ukuzivikela ezifweni ezinigi. Amahlamvu alesi sihlahla abuye asetshenziswe ukulapha amathole. Omunye umsebenzi obalulekile walesi sihlahla ukulapha isikhumba somuntu oshile.
Béni Douala District
IBéni Douala yisifunda esingaphansi kwesifundazwe se Tizi Ouzou, e-Aljeriya.
Sesshū Tōyō
Sesshū Tōyō (1420 - 26 ngoNcwaba 1506) ugumpende waJaphani.
IWorcester, INtshonalanga Kapa
IWorcester yidolobha eliseNtshonalanga Kapa, eNingizimu Afrika.
Tonj North County
ITonj North yisifunda esingaphansi kwesifundazwe se Warrap, eNingizimu Sudan.
Umkitizo wenguxa
Kwezokuhlelelisa isicikizi, umkitizo wenguxa ulimi olusezingeni eliphansi lokuhlelelisa, oluqukethe iziyalezo zolimi lwenguxa, ezisetshenziselwa ukulawula isihidanisi esiyinhloko sesicikizi (CPU). Isiyalezo ngasinye zibangela i-CPU ukuba yenze umsebenzi othile, ofana nokugidlabeza, ukugcina, ukweqa, noma umgidingo wenhluzo yesibalonqangi (ALU) engxenyeni eyodwa noma ukweqayombhaliso we-CPU noma inkumbulo.
Tiffany Tailor
Tiffany Tailor (ubezalwa 17 ngoNdasa 1991, Orlando, Florida) kuyinto umlingisi ezingcolile waseMelika. Yena wangena imboni omdala ifilimu ngo-2011 eneminyaka engu-20 ezizungeze.
Kitagawa Utamaro
Kitagawa Utamaro (1753 - 31 ngoMfumfu 1806) ugumpende waJaphani.
Lwengo
ILwengo yidolobha elikwisifundazwe se Central, eYuganda. Leli dolobha liyisiqongo sesifunda se Lwengo.
Gumede kaZulu
Gumede kaZulu.
Ruth First
URuth First (4 Meyi 1925 - 17 Agasti 1982) wayeyisishoshovu saseNingizimu Afrika esasilwa nobandlululo nesazi saseGoli, eNingizimu Afrika. Ubeyindodakazi ka Jewwish Immigrants Julius no Matilda First .uJulius ubeyi furniture manufacture wazalwa eLavitvia bese wazohlala eNingizimu Afrika ngonyaka ka1906 eneminyaka eyishumi umatilda yena weza eNingizimu Afrika esukabeLithuania eseneminyaka yesine .bobabili bebayingxenye yeCommunist Party South Africa ngonyaa 1921.uRuth ubenomfowabo abambiza ngoronald .bakhule bobabili ndawonye.uRuth wenza ibanga leshumi nabili eJeppe high School lapho kufunda amantombazane wondwa. Wathi eqeda ukufunda esikoleni wafunda umatikuletsheni eWitwaterstand Johannesburg,sukela ngonyaka 1940 ukuya kunyaka 1946. Waqeda ne BA Social studies wathola isikhundla sokuqala isifundo seSocialogy, Anthropology kanye ne Economic histroy. Wayefunda noNelson Mandela, Eduardo Mandlana, Joe Slovo, TN Singh and Ismail.
Ngonyaka 1974 waqala wasebenza ukuba eJohannesburg City Council kodwa wayeka ngoba enqaba izenzo zokuba iCouncil wase waba yi Johannesburg editor kumaphephabhuku. Njengomuntu ongumthathi ndaba ubesebenza ukuthutha izindaba ngabantu abasebenza ensimini kanye nokunye ngonyaka ka 1950 .Washada noJoe Slovo ngonyaka ka1946 obekangumeli asebenza kanzima njengoNkosikazi wakhe uRuth First.Bobabili bebanabantwana abathathu uShawn, Gillian noRobyn. Ubengumlweli wenkululeko,umsizi wethu,iqhawekazi lethu nomvikeli wethu .Nesizulu siyasho ukuthi izandla ziyagezana lokho kusho ukuthi usisizile nathi asimsize ngokuphathana kahle njengoba walwela inkululeko. Wabulawa yibomb .uRuth First washona ngosuku lweshumi nesikhombisa August 1982 endaweni yaseMaputo eMozambique.
Buchwepheshe obugqokekayo
Ubuchwepheshe obugqokile, ogqokayo, ubuchwepheshe bemfashini, ubuciko bezinto zobuchwepheshe, noma imishini yama-elekthronikhi ngamadivayisi we-elekthronikhi smart (idivaysi ye-elekthronikhi ene-micro-controlers) egqoke eduze noma / noma ebusweni besikhumba, lapho bethola khona, bahlaziye, futhi bedlulise imininingwane mayelana isib amasignali womzimba anjengezimpawu ezibalulekile, kanye / noma idatha esetshenziswayo futhi evumela kwezinye izimo ngokushesha i-biofeedback kulowo ogqokile
Barney Pityana
UNyameko Barney Pityana FKC GCOB (owazalwa ngo-7 Ncwaba 1945) ungummeli wamalungelo abantu nesazi semfundiso yenkolo eNingizimu Afrika. Ungumsekeli we-Black theology.
Umlando
UPityana wazalelwa e-Uitenhage futhi wafunda eNyuvesi yaseFort Hare. Ubengomunye wabasunguli beSouth African Student 'Organisation yeBlack Consciousness Movement noSteve Biko. Ubuye futhi waba yilungu le-African National Congress Youth League, [ecidingwa] futhi wamiswa ngenxa yokuphonsela inselelo igunya lothisha abangamaBhunu kanye nemigomo yoobandlululo ye "Bantu yemfundo".
Buchwepheshe obugqokekayo
Ubuchwepheshe obugqokiwe bunezicelo ezahlukahlukene ezikhula njengoba insimu ngokwayo inwebeka. Kubonakala ngokugqamile kuma-elekthronikhi abathengi ngokuthandwa kwe-smartwatch kanye ne-tracker yomsebenzi. Ngaphandle kokusetshenziswa kwezentengiso, ubuchwepheshe obugqokile bufakwa ezinhlelweni zokuhamba, izindwangu ezisezingeni eliphakeme nokunakekelwa kwempilo.
Barney Pityana
Umlando
UPityana uthole iziqu ezivela eNyuvesi yaseNingizimu Afrika ngonyaka we-1976 kodwa wavinjelwa ukuthi enze umthetho ePort Elizabeth nguhulumeni wobandlululo. Ngo-1978, efunda imfundiso yenkolo eKing's College London kanye nokuqeqeshelwa inkonzo Ripon College Cuddesdon e-Oxford. Ngemuva kwalokho wasebenza njenge-curlic yase-Anglican eMilton Keynes nanjengo-Birmingham. Kusukela ngo-1988 kuya ku-1992 wayenguMqondisi woHlelo Lokulwa Nobuhlanga e-World Council of Churches eGeneva.
Buchwepheshe obugqokekayo
Umlando
Umlando wangaphambi kobuchwepheshe obambekayo uqala ngewashi, ebeligqokwa ngabantu ukutshela isikhathi. Ngo-1500 umsunguli waseJalimane uPeter Henlein wenza amawashi amancane ayegqokwa njengemigexo. Ngemuva kwekhulu leminyaka, amadoda aqala ukuphatha amawashi awo emaphaketheni awo njengoba okhalweni kwaba yinto yemfashini, okwaholela ekwakhiweni kwamawashi ephakeji. Ama-wristwatches nawo akhiwa ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yama-1600 kepha ayegqokwa kakhulu abesifazane njengamasongo. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, iwashi liba lincane futhi liqonde ngokwengeziwe. Ngo-1904, umshayeli wezindiza u-Alberto Santos-Dumont waphayona wasebenzisa iwashiwatch ngoba lalimvumela ukuba izandla zakhe zingaphazamiseki lapho eshayela. Lokhu kufakazele ukuthi isihlakala siyindawo ekahle yokugqoka iwashi okuholele ekutheni abantu baqale ukusebenzisa amawashi. Abantu baqala ukwenza izinto zokugqoka ezizosetshenziswa kuzo zonke izikhathi, kusuka kumathuluzi abasiza ukunqoba emidlalweni yokugembula, izindandatho ezisetshenziswa njengesixhobo se-computational ngabathengisi, kuya kumakhanda asekhompyutheni asetshenziswa njengendawo yokugqoka kumidlalo yaseshashalazini, nekhamera egqokekayo eboshwe inyoni iye thatha izithombe zasemoyeni, phakathi kwabanye.
Barney Pityana
Umlando
UPityana wabuyela eNingizimu Afrika ngonyaka ka-1993, kulandela ukuphela kobandlululo. Waqhubeka nokusebenza kwezemfundo kanye namalungelo esintu, eqeda i-PhD kwi-Religious Studies eNyuvesi yaseKapa ngo-1995. Waqokwa waba yilungu leKhomishini Yamalungelo Abantu YaseNingizimu Afrika ngonyaka ka-1995, wasebenza njengosihlalo wekhomishini kusukela ngo-1995 kuya ku-2001. Ubuye wasebenza kwiKhomishini yase-Afrika Yamalungelo Abantu Nabantu kwi-Organisation of African Unity ngonyaka ka-1997. USolwazi uPityana waba yiPhini Likandunankulu kanye noNgqongqoshe Wenyuvesi yaseNingizimu Afrika ngonyaka ka-2001 futhi wabamba lesi sikhundla iminyaka eyisishiyagalolunye.
Buchwepheshe obugqokekayo
Umlando
Ubuchwepheshe besimanje obugqokiwe buhlobene nokukhompiyutha okubili nomlando kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwamakhompyutha angakwazi ukuwabamba. Izindwangu zenza ubuchwepheshe buthande ukubufaka empilweni yansuku zonke. Ngomlando nokuthuthuka kwamakhompiyutha angagqokeki, amaphayona azamile ukuthuthukisa noma ukunweba ukusebenza kwezingubo, noma ukudala izinto ezigqokwa njengezesekeli ezikwazi ukuhlinzeka abasebenzisi ngobuhlakani - ukuqoshwa komsebenzi ngokujwayelekile ngokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obuncane obuthathekayo noma obuphathekayo. Ukulandelela imininingwane efana nokunyakaza, izinyathelo, kanye nesilinganiso senhliziyo kuyingxenye yokunyakaza kokuzenzela.
Barney Pityana
Umlando
Ungumbhali weKolishi leTransfiguration (i-Anglican) eGrahamstown (kusukela ngo-2011 kuze kube ngu-2014),
Buchwepheshe obugqokekayo
Umlando
Umsuka wobuchwepheshe besimanje obugqokile buthonywa yizo zombili izimpendulo kumbono we-compi ubiquitous. Olunye ucezu lwangaphambi kobuchwepheshe olwemukelwa ngaphambi kwesimanje kwaba iwashi lokubala, elethulwa ngawo-1980s. Ubuchwepheshe obabugqokwa ngisho nangaphambilini babusizo lokuzwa.
Zulu kaNtombhela
Zulu kaNtombhela.
Barney Pityana
Imiklomelo
Umsebenzi wakhe ngamalungelo abantu uye waqashelwa kabanzi, kwathi ngoZibandlela 2002, wanikezwa uMhlonishwa uMklomelo Ohlonishwa Wemiklomelo ye-UNESCO Yemfundo Yamalungelo Abantu ka-2002.
Buchwepheshe obugqokekayo
Umlando
Ngo-2004, i-design design yefashini i-CuteCircuit yaveza umqondo ngo-elekhthronikhi oxhumeke kwi-Bluetooth obizwa nge-HugShirt ku-CyberArt festival eBilbao, Spain, lapho wawina khona Umklomelo Omkhulu emkhosini. I-HugShirt, eyenzelwe ukudlulisa ucingo ngokudlula kude ngebanga, ihlukile kuzibonelo zobuchwepheshe bokuqala obugqokekayo (isib. Amawashi noma ukwakheka kwezigqoko zezigqoko zekhompiyutha egqokekayo ngo-1990s) ngoba umkhiqizo ungubuchwepheshe bokuqala obugqokekayo obathatha isimo sendwangu yokugqoka. Njengoba kunje, iyingxenye yokuqala yezambatho ezixhunyiwe kwi-Bluetooth nezixhunywe kwi-inthanethi. Lo mkhiqizo ufakiwe kumagazini okhethekile we- "Best Inuction of the Year" wephephabhuku.
Barney Pityana
iPolitiki Yamanje
Ungumgxeki omkhulu wobuholi be-ANC obukhona manje ngaphansi kukaJacob Zuma, ufuna ukuthi uZuma ashiye phansi, futhi uxhumene nezinhlangano ezishayisana ne-ANC
Oda Nobunaga
Oda Nobunaga (23 ngoNhlangula 1534 - 21 ngoNhlangula 1582) daimyo waJaphani.
Buchwepheshe obugqokekayo
Umlando
Ngo-2008, u-Ilya Fridman wafaka imakrofoni efihliwe ye-Bluetooth endlebeni yamacici. Cishe ngasikhathi sinye, kwavela iSpy Tie, "intambo emfushane yentambo enekhamera yombala efihliwe".
Barney Pityana
Bona Futhi
Uhlu lwabantu olungaphansi kwemiyalo yokuvinjwa ngaphansi kobandlululo
Buchwepheshe obugqokekayo
Umlando
IMcLear neFitbit yizinkampani zokuqala ezimbili zobuchwepheshe ukuthuthukisa izinto zokugqoka zesimanje zokusetshenziswa kwabathengi abaningi, hhayi ngemikhiqizo yokuqagela ye-future future. IMcLear, namuhla isengomunye wabaholi esikhaleni sokufaka amandla ekhompiyutha, yaqala ucwaningo nentuthuko kuma-smartwatches yasungula indandatho ehlakaniphile ngo-2010, futhi yasungulwa ngabasunguli be-elekthronikhi abasebenza ngogesi uJoe Prencipe noJohn McLear.
UFitbit ukhiphe i-counter step yakhe yokuqala ngasekupheleni kuka-2010; Imikhiqizo ye-Fitbit igxile ikakhulu ekulandeleleni umsebenzi. UFitbit manje ungumnikazi wama-Alfabhethi futhi akasaseyona inkampani ezimele yokugqoka enobuchwepheshe.
Eminyakeni elandelayo, ama-smartwatches aqala ukukhishwa yizinkampani ezinkulu ze-elekthronikhi nangokuqala okusha. Omunye weminikelo yokuqala kwakuyi-Samsung Galaxy Gear ngoSepthemba 2013. I-Apple ilandele isikhathi esingaphezu konyaka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi nge-Apple Watch ngo-Ephreli 2015. NgoJanuwari 2018, ibhizinisi elincane, i-Empatica, lithole imvume yokuqala ye-FDA ye-smartwatch yabo kwi-Neurology, i-Embrace, eqapha futhi isexwayisa ngokuxhuga okuyisimanga, ngenkathi futhi ibona nezinyathelo nokulala.
Ngo-2012, u-Oculus wethula umkhankaso we-Kickstarter ukuqala ukuthengisa i-headset engokoqobo yabathengi bangempela. Ngo-2016, inkampani, i-HTC yakhipha isizukulwane esisha samahedisethi we-VR evumela abasebenzisi ukuthi bahambe ngokukhululeka ngaphakathi kwendawo ebonakalayo.
Prototypes
Kusuka ngo-1995-1997, uJennifer Healey noRosalind Picard eMIT Media Lab baklama, bakha futhi bakhombisa ukuqoqwa kwemininingwane nokwenza izinqumo kusuka kokugqoka okuqaphele idatha eqhubekayo yomzimba kusuka kogqokile. Lezi zicucu, ubucwebe nezesekeli zokugqoka ziqoqe imininingwane ehlobene nesimo sokuxhumana namakhamera alawulwayo namanye amadivaysi.
Ngo-2009, abakwaSony Ericsson bahlangana neLondon College of Fashion kumncintiswano wokwakha izembatho zedijithali. Owinile bekungubo yokudla e-cocktail enobuchwepheshe be-Bluetooth okwenza kube lula lapho kukholwa ucingo.
UZach "Hoeken" Smith wodumo lweMotBot wenza ibhulukwe lekhibhodi ngesikhathi semhlangano "Yokuqothula Imfashini" enhlanganweni yokuqamba eNew York City.
I-Tyndall National Institute e-Ireland yathuthukisa ipulatifomu "yokuqapha yeziguli engabonakali ukuthi isetshenziswe kanjani" eyayisetshenziselwa ukuhlola ikhwalithi yedatha ekhiqizwe izinzwa zeziguli nokuthi abasebenzisi bokugcina bangavuma kanjani ubuchwepheshe.
Muva nje, inkampani yezemfashini eseLondon i-CuteCircuit idale izingubo zomculi uKaty Perry obenezibane ze-LED ukuze izingubo zishintshe umbala zombili ngesikhathi sesiteji nokubonakala kukhaphethi obomvu. Ngo-2012, i-CuteCircuit yakha ingubo yokuqala emhlabeni ukufaka ama-Tweets, njengoba egqokwa ngumculi uNicole Scherzinger.
Ngo-2014, abafundi abaphothule eTisch School of Arts eNew York baklama i-hoodie eyayithumela imiyalezo yangaphambi kohlelo ebangelwa ukunyakaza komzimba.
Cishe ngasikhathi sinye, kwaqala ukuvela ama-prototypes ezinwele ezidijithali ezinamakhanda phezulu (HUD).
Amasosha ase-US asebenzisa i-headgear enezibonisi zamasosha asebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obizwa nge-holographic Optics.
Ngo-2010, i-Google yaqala ukukhulisa ama-prototypes esibonisi sayo esibekwe phezulu se-Google Glass, esangena kwi-beta yekhasimende ngoMashi 2013.
Abahlali baseMjondolo
Inhlangano yaBahlali baseMjondolo inhlangano enkulu yabantu abampofu eNingizimu Afrika. Akusiyo inhlangano yezepolitiki. Isebenzisana nabanye Abahlali baseMjondolo okubalwa kubo nabadayisi basemgwaqeni,Inamalungu emijondolo engu 34 eyehlukene. Ikhule ngokuqala kubhikishwe eKennedy Road ngoMashi 2005. Umhlaba abawuthenjiswa ukuthi bazokwakhelwa kuwo bathola ukuthi usudayiselwe abacebile, Lokhu kwabenza bagana unwabu ,baqonda lapho bavimba ukuthi kuqhutshekwe nokwakhiwa. Bamashela ku M19 bashisa amathayi lapho kwaboshwa khona abawu 14. uAlfred Mdletshe ohlala kuKennedy wathi bakhathele ukudlala amakhansela ebadayisa. etshela intatheli u-Fred Kockott emva kwalokho Abahlali abawu1200 kuKennedy bamasha befuna kudedelwe amalungu abo awu 14 kodwa avinjwa ngamaphoyisa ngezinja nesisa esikhalisa unyembezi .Ngalobobusuku uSbu Zikode owayengusihlalo ngalesosikhathi emhlanganweni womphakathi wathi “Sisele Sodwa”.
Ngakusasa bavela e nkantolo belimele ngenxa yokushaywa kanzima amaphoyisa.Unsumpa wale police station u Glen Nayeger wathwetshulwa amanye amaphoyisa eshaya ngesihluku o Sbu no Philani ebangqubuza ezindongeni nokwa holela ekutheni u Philani aquleke.Nase Motala Heights kwenziwa isihluku esifanayo sokuhlukunyezwa kwabantu amaphoyisa,nakweminye imijondolo eminingi.Lolu dlame olubhekiswe kwabampofu lusho ukuthi Abahlali Base Mjondolo basahlalelwe umsebenzi omkhulu wokususwa nokufudulwa kwabantu ngenkani ezindaweni zabo.Abahlali basebenza kanzima beqoqa bafundise imphakathi ngamalungelo abo. Nokubhekana no Masipala ukuthi uma ebahlukumeza, kumele bamyise kanjani e Nkantolo. Umzabalazo uyaqhubeka.
Abahlali Basemjondolo bayisa uHulumeni Wesifunda enkantolo ngokushaywa komthetho wokudilizwa kwemijondolo
Ntombhela kaMalandela
Ntombela kaMalandela.
Abahlali baseMjondolo
NgoLwesibili safaka isicelo enkantolo ephakeme sicela ukuthi inkantolo iveze ukuthi umthetho wesifundazwe sakwa Zulu Natal wokudilizwa kwemijondolo awuhambisani nomthewtho sisekelo wezwe. Namuhla sizwakalisa ukuthi isikhonzi senkantolo sesiwahambisile amaphepha anezethulo zethu kwizikhulu zikahulumeni wesifunda. Iziphakamiso zethu kanye neze sifunda zisezithebeni ukuze izwe lonke lazi ngazo.
Seke-Banza
ISeke-Banza yidolobha elikwisifundazwe se Kongo Central, eKhongo-Kinshasa.
Abahlali baseMjondolo
Umthetho wokudilizwa kwemijondolo uwukuhlasela abantu abampofu futhi kuthakaselwa kakhulu izinkampani ezidayisa ngemihlaba nakuba abampofu lokhu kubakhalisa. Kucaca ngokusobala ukuthi lomthetho usibuyisela emuva emithethweni yobandlululo njengo (Slums Act sika 1934) kanye nomthetho ka 1951 owawuphikisana nokuhlala endaweni ngaphandle kwemvume. Namuhla sithi emnyangweni wezezindlu akubekhona ingqungquthela ezothanyelwa izinhlangano ezikhethwe ngentando yeningi ezizoxoxisana nohulumeni ngemithetho nezinhlelo zokwakhiwa kwezindlu. Ngeke sikwamukele ukuthi kulomzabalazo ongaka singaqhubela silawulwe imigomo engasiphumelelisi ndawo.
Sithi uhulumeni wethu akafunde kwamanye amazwe ngemithetho elawula izinhlelo zokwakhi wa kwezindlu. Singaphawula amazwe afana nezwe lase Brazil kanye nelase Thailand. Sidinga imithetho ezoqinisekisa amalungelo abantu abampofu emadolobheni. Sidinga imithetho ezoqin isekisa ukuthi imihlaba esemadolobheni yabiwa ngokwezidingo zabantu hayi nje ngokwezidingo zongxiwankulu. Sidinga imithetho ezovikela abantu abahlala emijondolo ukuthi bangabulawa imililo, izikhukhula njengoba kwenzeka e Ash Road eMgungundlovu, ukungalandwa kwemfucuza kanye nezifo ezibangelwa ukungabiko kwezindlu zangasese. Sidinga imithetho ezovimba omasipala ukuthi bachitha imali eningi kwakhiwa izinkundla zemidlalo nezindawo zokungcebelaka sibe thina nezingane zethu sisha nemililo emjondolo, namagundane edla izingane. Kuyinhlamba kithi ukuthi imali iyamoshwa kodwa abantu bebe bebulawa indlala. Sidinga imithetho ezoqinisekisa ukuthi amadolobha ethu ayindawo ephephile kubantu besimame nezingane, nokuthi amaphoyisa azosebenzela abantu, kube nogesi womuntu wonke, izindlu zangasese eziphephile kanye nezokuthutha ezisezingeni elingcono. Sidinga imithetho ezoqinisekisa ukuthi kunoxhaso olubhekene nezinkulisa ezindaweni esihlala kuzo. Imithetho ezovimba ukuthi izizukulwane ezintathu zinqwabelane endlini engamasikwemitha angu 30 ngoba lokho kuthina kuyingcindezelo akusiyo intuthuko. Sidinga imithetho ezonika izidingo nqangi nezinsiza ezifana nezikhungo zezempilo, imitapo yolwazi, ezokuthutha ezibiza kangcono izinkundla kubantu abaxoshwa ezindaweni bayiswa ezindaweni ezifana ne Parkgate ePhoenix kanye neFrance eMgundundlovu. Sidinga imithetho ezonika abantu abampofu amandla okuthatha izinqumo ngendlela abathanda ukuphila ngayo, kubeyibo ababamba iqhaza elikhulu ekuhleleni ukuthi indawo yabo yakhiwe kanjani ngokubambisana nohulumeni kungabi nje ukuthi bathathwelwa izinqumo uhulumeni nezinhlangano asebenzisana nazo. Ngonhlaka 28 September 2007 sabhikisha ngobuningi bethu silwa nalomthetho, sashaywa abangu 14 phakathi kwethu baboshwa.
Ngomhlaka 21 June 2007 sathumela ithimba lethu ephalamende lesifunda ukuyophikisa lomthetho kodwa saphucwa ilungelo lokhuluma.
Ngomhlaka 4 May 2007 sabuthana ehholo lomphakathi e Kennedy ukuzoveza ngokusobala kuhulumeni ukuthi lomthetho asiwufuni kodwa asizange sinakwe. Siya enkantolo ngoba siyazi ukuthi enkantolo ngeke sishaywe, noma siboshwe, noma siphucwe ilungelo lokukhuluma noma singanakwa.
Ngenkathi lomthetho usavivinywa sawufunda umusho ngomusho sizihlukanise ngamaqembu amancane. Sabe sesenza iziphakamiso saxoxisana namalungu ethu ase Thekwini, Pinetown nase Mgungundlovu, ngezizathu nangamaphuzu enza sigxeke lomthetho. Saphinda sahlaba ikhwela lokuthi bonke abathintekayo nabamele ubulungiswa ababhukule babambe iqhaza emkhankasweni wokuqeda lomthetho. Isikhungo sezomthetho e Goli (i CALS) sasabela ngokukhulu ukuzimisela. Kwabakhona uchungechunge lezingxoxo kuboniswana kwaze kwaba kunohlu olwakhiwayo lwezethulo esilufaka enkantolo ephakeme. Konke lokhu kwenziwa ngokubambisana nethimba lethu lezincitha buchopho ezingabahlali basemjondolo. Lelithimba nalo konke elikwenzayo nelikushoyo likuthatha kumalungu ombutho wabahlali basemjondolo. Abameli abaphuma kwa CALS baya enkantolo hayi nje namathemba abantu basemijondolo kodwa namaphuzu okuhlaziya enziwe yibo kanye abahlali basemjondolo. Siya batusa kakhulu abakwa CALS ngabakwenzile.
Kukho konke ukuboshwa esake sabhekana nako kusikela ngo 2005, akukho nelilodwa ilungu lethu eselake latholakala linecala. Asikaze futhi sihlulwe enkantolo uma siyisa uhulumeni. Sahlula imenenja yeTheku iphikisa imashi yethu ngo 2006, sahlula umasipala echitha imijondolo ngokungemthetho ngo 2006 ngokubambisana nabameli bakwa LRC. Nabo futhi sibatusa kakhulu.
Sizwakalisa ukweseka kwethu bonke abahlali basemjondolo abalwisana nokuchithwa kwemizi yabo egameni lokuqedwa kwemijondolo, ikakhulukazi ozakwethu baseKapa abaphikisana nokuxoshwa ngenkani. Siseka yonke imizamo yabo yokuzicabangela nokuzenzela nokuhola umzabalazo wabo. Siseka nemizabalazo yabantu abathengisa izimpahla ukudla nezithelo emgaqweni. Siseka abahlali basemapulazini abayingxenye yemizabalazo elwa nokudilizwa kwezindlu zabo, ukudliwa kwemfuyo nokuxoshwa emapulazini, ikakhulukazi abahlali base Nkwalini.
Siseka nomzabalazo wabahlali baseZimbabwe abadilizelwa izindlu zabo ngaphansi kohlelo iMurambatswina. Siseka umzabalazo wabahlali baseHaiti abalwa nokucindezelwa ngamazwe ayizikhondlakhondla njengeMelika.
Wonke umuntu ubalulekile ngakho udinga ukuvikeleka kanye nokuhlonishwa kwesithunzi sakhe. Asikwamukeli ukuthi abantu abampofu baphila emijondolo abanye bahlala ezindlini ezingekho esimweni esamukelekile. Kumele siqhubeke nokwakha izikhungo zethu zokuhlaziya amacebo okunqoba kulomzabalazo. Asilwe nokuxoshwa ngenkani, siqhubezele phambili umzabalazo womhlaba nezindlu kuwo wonke amadolobha.
Izindawo esihlala kuzo zingamakhaya kithi akusiyo nje imijondolo yokudilizwa.
Abahlali baseMjondolo
ILehurutshe
ILehurutshe yidolobha eliseNyakatho-Ntshonalanga, eNingizimu Afrika.
Toyotomi Hideyoshi
Toyotomi Hideyoshi (2 ngoNhlolanja 1536/26 ngoNdasa 1537 - 18 ngoMandulo 1598) daimyo waJapani.
I-Arniston, INtshonalanga Kapa
I-Arniston yidolobha elincane eliseNtshonalanga Kapa, eNingizimu Afrika.
UDongoyi (inyosi)
UDongoyi inyosi yoju yeduna. Ngokungafani nenyosi eyinsebenzi yensikazi, odongoyi abanazo izindosi. Ababutheli kokubili isikhupha noma impova futhi abakwazi ukuzifunza ngaphandle kosizi lwezinyosi eziyizinsebenzi. Indima yodongoyi ukuzeka nendlovukazi ekundizeni kokuzalanisa.
Rutsiro District
IRutsiro yisifunda esingaphansi kwesifundazwe se Western, eRuwanda. Isiqongo salesifunda yi-Gihango.
Teboho MacDonald Mashinini
UTeboho "Tsietsi" MacDonald Mashinini (owazalwa ngo-27 Januwari 1957 - 1990) eCentral Western Jabavu, Soweto, eSouth Africa, washona ehlobo, ngo-1990 eConakry, iGini), wangcwatshwa u-Avalon Cemetery, wayengumholi wabafundi ophambili weSungeto Uprising eyaqala phakathi ISoweto futhi yasakazekela iNingizimu Afrika yonke ngoJuni, 1976.
Tonj South County
ITonj South yisifunda esingaphansi kwesifundazwe se Warrap, eNingizimu Sudan.
Médouneu
IMédouneu yidolobha elincane elikwisifundazwe se Woleu-Ntem, eGabhoni. Leli dolobha liyisiqongo sesifunda se Haut-Ntem.
Yvonne Mokgoro
U-Yvonne Mokgoro (wazalwa mhla ka 19 kuMfumfu - Okthoba 1950) wayengumahluleli wangaphambili weNkantolo yoMthethosisekelo waseNingizimu Afrika kanye nonkosikazi kaJob Mokgoro.
Umlando ngomsebenzi
UMokgoro waqokwa ebhentshini ngo-1994 nguNelson Mandela. UMokgoro uyilungu lebhodi leSikhungo Samalungelo Abantu i-Centre for Human Rights eNyuvesi yasePitoli futhi unguSihlalo wamanje weKhomishana ye-South African Law Reform Commission.
Wafunda eNyuvesi yaseNorth-West lapho athola khona iziqu ze-B.luris ngo-1982, wathola iziqu ze-LLB eminyakeni emibili kamuva, kanye ne-LLM ngo-1987. Ubuye wafunda e-University of Pennsylvania Law School e-US, lapho aklonyeliswa khona ngenye i-LLM degree.
Ukwamukelwa nokubongwa
Phakathi kwenqwaba yezindondo anikezwe zona kubalwa indondo yeHuman Rights Award eyanikezwa yiBlack Lawyers Association, (1995) i-Oude Molen Reserve Order of Merit (1995/1996), iLegal Profession's Woman Achiever Award yiCentre for Human Rights, University of Pretoria (2001), University of the North School of Law Excellence Award (2003), i-Kate Stoneman Democracy Award (2003), i-Tshwane Outstanding Service Award (TOSA) ngo-2006 kanye ne-James Wilson Award yi-University of Pennsylvania Law School ( 2008).
IsiGwinqa
isiGwinqa siyindawo emkhathingeni lapho umNyondo unamandla kangangokuba akunanto engakwazi ukuphunyuka noma ukuphuma kuso, ngisho Izinhlayiyana noma iMiyonzi yeNzubawonga ("electromagnetic radiation") enjengokukhanya uqobo azikwazi ukuphuma esiGwinqeni. Kukhona imbulunga ezungeze isigwinqa. Noma yini engena kuyo soze iphume. Lembulunga iwumngcele ongabalekwa futhi yaziwa ngokuthi umkhawulo wesehlo. Isigwinqa simnyama ngenxa yokuthi sigwinya konke ukukhanya okusondela kuso, futhi asikukhwentuzi sikubuyisele emuva. Ngaphansi kobuNguxa boMngako iziGwinqa zinamazinga okushisa futhi zikhafula imiyonzi kaHawking okunzima okuyihlonga ngokuqondile, kodwa lokhu kwenza iziGwinqa zibe zincane.
Izindikimba ezisemkhathini lezo umnyondo wazo unamandla kakhulu ukuba ukukhanya kungaphunyuka zaqala ukunakwa ekhulwini le-18 ngu-John Michell no-Pierre-Simon Laplace. Ngonyaka we-1916, u-Karl Schwarzschild wathola isixazululo sokuqala sanamuhla sesimelana jikelele (general relativity) esasizogagula isiGwinqa. U-David Finkelstein, ngonyaka we-1958, washicilela okokuqala inhlakahlo "yesiGwinqa" njengesifunda somkhathinga okungaphunyuki lutho kuso. Izigwinqa sekuyisikhathi zithathwa njengelukuluku lezibalo; kuze kwaba seminyakeni yowe-1960 ukuthi umsebenzi walowombono uqale uveze ukuthi kwakumane kuyizibikezelo zesimelana jikelele. Ukuvubukulwa kwenkanyezi eyintunge (neutron star) ngu-Jocelyn Bell Burnell ngowe-1967 kwavuselela intakaso ezindikimbeni ezihlangene zokuwohloka komnyondo njengesimo soqobo sasemkhathini. Isigwinqa sokuqala esaziwa ngokuthi Cygnus X-1, sahlonzwa abacwaningi abambalwa ngowe-1971.
Malandela kaLuzumana
King Malandela kaLuzumana (BORN:1478-DIED:1551)RULED THE ABANGUNI MUZUMANA KINGDOM FROM 1507 TO 1551
Dumisa Ntsebeza
UDumisa Buhle Ntsebeza (owazalwa mhlaka-31 zika-Mfumfu 1949) ngummeli, isikhulumi, nombhali waseNingizimu Afrika ozelwe eTranskei, eMthatha ngaseEastern Cape. Ungumfowabo kaSolwazi Lungisile Ntsebeza. UnguSihlalo weDesmond Tutu Peace Trust njalo uyisikhulu seNelson Mandela Foundation. Wabamba iqhaza emzabalazweni wezepolitiki wokulwa nobandlululo. Ngenxa yalokho yena nabafowabo baboshwa ngo 1976. Ngenkathi eboshiwe wenza iziqu zakhe zomthetho. Ngo 1995 uNtsebeza ube yingxenye yeKhomishini yeQiniso nokuBuyisana iTruth and Reconciliation Commision. UNtsebeza waqokwa ukuba yi-chancellor ye-University of Fort Hare Ngenyanga kaMasingana ngo 2017.
Ebuntwaneni
UNtsebenza ukhulele, eTranskei endlini ekwakungeyona indlu yezepolitiki eyeqisayo, nabazali ababili ababengothisha bonke. Ngeskhathi bekhula ubaba kaNtsebeza wayekhuthaza ingane zakhe ukuthi bafunde iincwadi ukuze bathole ulwazi ngento ezihlukene. Yena no mfowabo badonswa ukungenela ezepolitiki zokuphikisana ngenxa yokukhuthazwa ngubaba wabo ebakhuthaza ukuba "bafunde futhi bazi ukuthi kwenzekani emhlabeni".
Imfundo
UNtsebeza wenza izifundo zakhe zebanga eliphansi eCala United Primary School naseDutch Reformed Church School. Waqeda ustandard six ngo 1961 waqhubeka ngemfundo zakhe eArthur Tsengiwe Practical School ngo 1962 -1964. UNtsebenza wenza izifundo zikamatric eSt John's College eMthatha.
Waqokwa njenge chancellor eYunivesi yase Fort hare ngo 2017 kukaMasingana. Ummeli Ntsebeza wengezwe njengo meli ngo 1984.
Umele inqwaba yamabanjwa ezepolitiki phakathi nawo-1980 futhi ekuqaleni kwawo 1990 wamisa waba ngomunye wababizi, enkulumeni kanye nenhlangano yokubuyisana. Ungumsunguli wenhlangano yezwe Iningizimu Afrika wentando yeningi abameli kanye nabongameli bayo yena wakhona njengo mongameli wokumangalelwa wabameli abamnyama.
Inhleleliso yesiCikizi
Inhleleliso yesiCikizi iluchungechunge noma iqoqo lemiyalelo ngolimi lokuhlelelisa ukuze isiCikizi sisebenze. Izinhleleliso zesiCikizi ziyisigcoyi esisodwa sehlelokusebenza, kuhlanganise nomibhalo nezinye izigcoyi ezingaphatheki.
Inhleliso yesicikizi uma isesimweni sokufundwa umuntu ibizwa umkitizo (source code). Umkitizo udinga enye inhleleliso yesicikizi ukuze ugununde ngenxa yokuthi izicikizi zigununda iziyalelo zenguxa yazo kuphela. Ngalokho, umkitizo ungahunyushelwa kwiziiyalelo zenguxa ngokusebenzisa isikhumushi (compiler) solimi. (Izinhleleliso zolimi lwenguxa zihunyushwa ngokusebenzisa isihleli (assembler).) Uhele (file) oluba ngumphumela lubizwa ngokuthi isidledlwa (executable). Kolunye uhlangothi, umkitizo ungagunudwa ngaphakathi kwesihlakahli solimi.
Uma isidledlwa sifuneka ukuze sigunundwe, khona ingqalahlelo (operating system) izolugidlabeza enkumbulweni bese iqala inqubo. Isidludlungi esimqoka (central processing unit) ngokushesha sizoqhebezela kuleyo nqubo ukuze silande, siguquzelele, futhi sigununde umyalelo ngamunye wenguxa.
Uma umkitizo udingeka ukuze ugunundwe wona, khona ingqalahlelo izogidlabeza isihlakahli esihambisanayo enkumbulweni bese iqala inqubo. Ngalokho isihlakahli sizogidlabeza umkitizo enkumbulweni ukuze sihumushe futhi sigununde umusho ngamunye. Ukudledla umkitizo kusilili (kudla isikhathi) kunokudledla isidledlwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isihlakahli kufanele sifakwe esiCikizini.
Béni Yenni District
IBéni Yenni yisifunda esingaphansi kwesifundazwe se Tizi Ouzou, e-Aljeriya.
Sibusiso Nyembezi
Usolwazi Cyril Lincoln Sibusiso Nyembezi (6 Zibandlela 1919 - 27 Nhlangulana 2000) wabe engumbhali wezincwadi zesiZuliu, engusonkondlo, enguthisha aphinde abe ngumhleli waseNingizimu Afrika. UNyembezi waziwa kakhulu ngencwadi ayibhala eyabe yaziwa ngokuthi Inkinsela yaseMgungundlovu eyaba yisasa elikhulu yaze yaphendulwa umdlalo womoya kanye nowamabonakude.
Luzumana
King Luzumana kaMdlani (BORN:1440-DIED:1507) was the king of Abanguni Muzumana kingdom from 1479 to 1507
Sibusiso Nyembezi
Isiqalo sempilo nemfundo
UNyembezi wazalelwa endaweni yaseBabanango, eMelmoth, enyakatho neKwaZulu-Natali. Ngokokuzalwa ungowesibili kubafowabo abane. Wafunda amabanga akhe aphansi ezikoleni eziseFilidi kanye naseDriefontein ngaseMnambithi. Waqala ukufunda amabanga aphezulu eMariannhill, St Francis College. Waqeqeshelwa ubuthisha eNuttall Training College, e-Edenedale kanye nase-Adams College, e-Amanzimtoti.
Ngonyaka wezi-1941 waqala imfundo ephakeme eNyuvesi yase Fort Hare lapho aphothula khona izifundo ze-B.A waphasa ngamalengiso ezifundweni zesiNgisi kanye nesiZulu. Ngonyaka wezi-1946 waphothula izifundo zakhe eNyuvesi yaseNingizimu Afrika athola neziqu ze-B.A. Ngonyaka wezi-1947 waqhubeka nezifundo zakhe eNyuvesi yaseWitswatersrand (Wits) lapho athola khona i-Honours yakhe kwi-B.A. Ngonyaka wezi-1950 wafunda wagogoda waze wathola izifundo zeM.A.
Imisebenzi
Emva kokuphothula izifundo zobuthisha waqala ukufundisa esikoleni samabanga aphezulu esibizwa ngokuthi Newcastle Secondary School. Emva kokuphothula izifundo zakhe eWits wakhethwa njengomsizi wezeziLimi kuyo lenyuvesi emnyangweni weziFundo zase-Afrika (Department of African Studies) ngonyaka wezi-1948. Kusukela ngonyaka wezi-1948 kuya kowezi-1953 uNyembezi wabe engumfundisi (Lecturer) eNyuvesi yaseWits lapho ayefundisa khona ulimi lwesiZulu kanye nesiXhosa. Ngonyaka wezi-1954 emva kokuthola i-M.A waqokwa ukuba nguSolwazi kanye nomphathi womnyango weBantu Languages enyuvesi yase Fort Hare. Lesi sikhundla wasibamba kwaze kwaba ngunyaka wezi-1959 lapho esula khona ngenxa yemithetho kahulumeni wobandlululo eyabe inengcindezi kwimfundo yama-Afrika. Abanye esula nabo sikhundleni eFort Hare kubalwa u-Ambrose Phahle, Ethena Mayisele kanye no Selbourne Ngcobo.
Ngonyaka wezi-1960 uNyembezi wathola umsebenzi enkampanini yabashicileli eMgungundlovu eyaziwa ngokuthi i-Shuter and Shooter, lapho aba khona ngumhleli omkhulu wezilimi zama-Afrika. Ngonyaka wezi-1975 wajoyina ibhodi kuyo lenkampani. Ngonyaka wezi-1976 wajoyina ibhodi le-KwaZulu Booksellers lapho adlalo khona indima enkulu ekushintshweni kwegama kuyiwe kwelithi-Reach Out Publishers. Ngonyaka wezi-1979 wajoyina ibhodi lenhlangano yabashicileli eyaziwa ngokuthi i-The Natal Witness, lapho aphatha khona kwaze kwaba isikhathi sokuthi adlule emhlabeni.
Njengendoda eyabe igqamile kwezonkolo, wabe engumongameli esigungwini seNdzodelelo yebandla lamaWeseli. Wayephinde abe ngomunye wabasunguli be-Edendale Lay Ecumenical Centre.
IBaardskeerdersbos
IBaardskeerdersbos yisigodi esiseNtshonalanga Kapa, eNingizimu Afrika.
Sibusiso Nyembezi
Imisebenzi yakhe
Imisebenzi kaNyembezi ifaka phakathi amanoveli, izinkondlo, ubuciko bomlomo, ucwaningo, izichazimazwi kanye nohlelo lolimi.
Mini Pipes
Mini Pipes (owazalwa Amber Wheaton) kuyinto i actress ezingcolile waseMelika.
Sibusiso Nyembezi
Ukufa Kwakhe
Ngonyaka wezi-1997 kwatholaka ukuthi unesifo solwembu lwengqondo, akazange aze alulame emva kwalokho. Wadlula emhlabeni mhla zingama-27 kuNhlangulana wezi-2000. Wadlula emhlabeni washiya unkosikazi wakhe kanye nabantwana bakhe abane. .
Ifa
Ngonyaka wezi-2005 ibhilidi eliseMgungungundlovu elabe libizwa ngokuthi iseSymonds Centre lashintshwa igama labizwa ngokuthi uSolwazi Sibusiso Nyembezi Centre, ukuhlonipha imisebenzi yakhe. UNyembezi uyohlezi ekhunjulwa ngegalelo aba nalo ekuthuthukiseni ulimi lwesiZulu.
Mdlani
Mdlani
Tokugawa Ieyasu
Tokugawa Ieyasu (31 ngoMasingane 1543 - 1 ngoNhlangula 1616) shogun waJaphani.
Rutongo
IRutongo yidolobha elikwisifundazwe se Kigali, eRuwanda.
Nkosinkulu
Nkosinkulu.
Duma Ndlovu
UDuma Ndlovu (owazalwa ngezi-12 kuMfumfu ngonyaka ka-1954) imbongi, umqophi wamafilimu, i-producer, intatheli kanye nombhali wemidlalo yeshashalazi waseNingizimu Afrika. Waziwa kakhulu kwimboni yezakumabonakude eNingizimu Afrika, ngokusungula izinhlelo ezihamba phambili kanjenge Muvhango, Imbewu: The Seed kanye no-Uzalo. Phakathi kuka 1996 no 2004 wayengusihlalo we South African Music Awards.
Ukukhula
UDuma Ndlovu ungumZulu, futhi wazalelwa eSoweto, eGoli; kodwa omkhulu nokhokho bakhe base Bergville, kwaZulu Natali. Wafunda e-Sekano Ntoane High School ese Senaoane.
Ngemuva kokuqeda isikole, waqala wabhalela iphephandaba okuthiwa i-The World. Wabe esesungula i-Medupe Writers Association, iqembu elaligqugquzela intsha emnyama ukuba ithande ukuba ngababhali. Waba ngumongameli walenhlangano kwaze kwaba nguyaka ka 1977 ngesikhathi uhulumeni wobandlululo elidingisa leliqembu ngenxa yokuzibandakanya nenqubekela phambili yabantu abamnyama kanye nokubhikishela ukuphela kwobandlululo.
Ngemuva kokuba uNdlovu namalunga e-Medupe Writers Association amaningi adingiswe nguhulumeni wobandlululo, wayishiya INingizimu Afrika waya eMelika ukuvimba ukuboshwa nguhulumeni wobandlululo. EMelika wakwazi ukufunda aze aqede i-master's degree e-Hunter College edolobheni elikhulu i-New York.
Ngonyaka ka-1985, uNdlovu wasungula iWoza Afrika Foundation ukuze azonikeza abalingisi nabalingisikazi abancane, abamnyama futhi abasakhula ithuba lokuphumelelisa amaphupho abo nokuqoqa iminikelo yokuxhasa ubuciko baseNingizimu Afrika bonkana. Waphinde wafundisa i-African-American literature nomculo e-State University of New York e-Stony Brook.
Umsebenzi
Ngonyaka ka 1992 uDuma Ndlovu wabuyela eNingizimu Afrika, wasungula i-Word Of Mouth Productions, ukusebenza ngomculo, ishashalazi kanye nokuqopha ezikamabonakude. Lemboni yaba yimpumelelo enkulu kwathi emuva kweminyaka embalwa yaqokwa njengeyona mboni eNingizimu Afrika emelwe ukuqoka abalingisi bomdlalo wase-Broadway, i-Disney's The Lion King.
IsiPhilincinci
IsiPhilincinci siyisiPhili esinobungako obuyisimoncinci, nesingaphila njengengqamuzana elilodwa noma njengesixheke samangqamuzana.
Ukuba khona kweziphili ezincinyane ezingabonakali kwakucatshangelwa kusuka ezikhathini zasendulo, njengasemibhalweni yamaJayini yasendiya yangekhulu lesithupha BC. Ucwaningo lwenzululwazi lweziphilincinci lwaqala ngokunyalulwa ngesiBonancinci ngowe-1670 ngu-Anton van Leeuwenhoek. Ngowe1850, uLouis Pasteur wathola iziphilincinci ezibangela ukuphuhla ezidlweni, okwaphikisa umbono wokuvela esithubeni. Ngo1880, uRobert Koch wavubukula ukuthi iziphilincinci zibangela isifo sofuba, uhudo, ujiyomgudu (diphtheria), kanye nombhicosho.
Ngenxa yokuthi iziphilincinci zihlanganisa iningi leziphili ezingunongqamuzana zazo zontathu izidlangala zempilo lokhu kwenza zingafani. Izidlangala ezimbili kwezintathu, ingunazane nezinungwana, yizona eziqukethe iziphilincinci kuphela. Isidlangala sesithathu esiyiNswelandeni sihlanganisa zonke iziphili ezingumangqamuzana kanye nezinanjazane nezinambi ezingunongqamuzana oyigciwane. Ezinye ezinambi zihlobene nezilwane bese ezinye zahlobana nezimila. Kukhona neziphili ezingumangqamuzana ezisimoncinci ezifana nezilwanencinci, ezinye izikhunta, nezinye i-algae, kodwa lezi ngokuvamile azithathwa ngeziphilincinci.
Iziphilincinci zingaba nezindawo ezihlukile ezihlala kuzo, futhi ziphile ndawo zonke kusuka emachopheni kuya enkabazweni, ogwaduleni, geysers, ematsheni, kanye nasekujuleni kwezilwandle. Ezinye sezikwazi ukuhlala ezindaweni ezishisa kakhulu noma iziqanda kakhulu, ezinye ngaphansi komfutho omkhulu, kanti ezimbalwa ezifana ne-Deinococcus radiodurans, zihlala ezimweni ezinemiyonzi ephezulu. Iziphilincinci zakha imiphakathinci etholakala kuzo zonke iziphili ezingumangqamuzana. Kunobufakazi bokuthi amatshe aneminyaka eyizigidigidi ezintanthu ase-Ostraliya ake aqukatha iziphilincinci, okuwubufakazi obuqondile basendulo bempilo emhlabeni.
Iziphilincinci zibalulekile kusikompilo lomuntu nezempilo ngezindlela eziningi, zikhonza ngokuvubelisa izidlo kanye nokuhlanza intuthandle, kanye nokukhiqiza isivuthisi, izinzwayiza, kanye neminye imixube yoqebethompilo. Iziphilincinci ziyizinsiza ezimqoka kumchazampilo njengeziphili eziyisibonelo futhi seziye zasetshenziswa ekuhlaseleni ngamagciwane, nasebuphekuleni ngawo. Iziphilincinci ziyisigcoyi esibalulekile somhlabathi ovundile. Emzimbeni womuntu, iziphilincinci zakha umphakathinci womuntu, kuhlanganisa negut flora emqoka. Amagciwane abanga izifo ezithelelanayo ayiziphilincinci futhi, ngalokho, ayizigcibishe zezinyathelo zenhlanzeko.
INgqoqelolwazi
INgqoqelolwazi iyincwadi yamaphatho noma iqoqovane elinikeza izifinyezo zolwazi olujwayelekile noma olukhethekile emkhakheni othile noma isifundo. Izingqoqelokwazi zihlukaniswe zaba izibhalwa noma izifako ezihlelwe ngokwabosonhlamvu bamagama ezihloko noma ngeminxa yezihloko, noma akhongcoziwe futhi ayahlwayeka ngofikelelo olungahleliwe. Ngokuvamile, izibhalwa zengqoqelolwazi zigxila ekwazisweni okuyiqiniso okumayelana nendaba eshiwo esihlokweni sesebhalwai; lokhu akufani nezifako zesichazamazwi, ezigxile ekwazisweni kolimi okumayelana namagama, njengemsuka yawo, incazelo, ukuphimisela, ukusetshenziswa, kanye nezinhlobo zohlelo lolimi.
Incwazuba
Incwazuba (noma Umbikombani) eyaziwa ngesiNgisi ngokuthi i-email kuyindlela yokuthumelelana imilayezo phakathi kwabantu ngokusebenzisa izisebenziso zombani ("electronic devices"). Incwazubai yadalwa ngenhloso yokuthi ibe uhlobo lwencwadi yeposi ethunyelwa manje ifike manje. Ekuhambeni kwesikhathi incwazuba yase isiphenduka umdeko wokuxhumana nokubathumela imininingwane kanye nemilayezo. Manje, incwazuba isiyisisekelo seningi lezinhlangano nemisebenzi emhlabeni, futhi uneqhaza elibalulekile kwezezifundo, ezokungcwebeleka, nezinye zezigaba zempilo nenhlalo yabantu eningini lamazwe omhlaba jikelele. Incwazubo iwumntungo, besekuthi umyalezo nomyalezo othunyelwa kuyona ubizwa ngokuthi uyincwaziba
INgqoqelolwazi
Ukuvela kwezinhlobo zemithombevulekile nezezibhangqiwe kulelikhulu lama-21, ezifana neWikipedia, kukukhulise kakhulu ukufikelelwa, abafundi, abalobi kanye nezifako zengqoqelolwazi ezihlukene.
uMsuka wegama
Igama elithi 'ingqoqelolwazi' livela ekuhlanganisweni kwamagama amabili, elithi "ingqoqelelo" nelithi "ulwazi", womabili asho ulwazi oluqoqiwe, noma iqoqo lolwazi nemfundo. Lendlela iwukuhumusha kwelesigriki okususelwa kulo elesingisi elithi encyclopedia, ngokwezwi nezwi elisho imfundo evamile noma ulwazi oluphelele.
Incwazuba
Ngokwendabuko kwakuyinsiza yokuxhumana ngesiqakaqo-sodwa se-ASCII, incwazuba loxhakaxholo lwajijwa ngeziJiji zeNcwadi yoXhakaxholo eNhlosoningi (Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (MIME) ukuze sithwale umbhalo wamanye amaqoqo ezimpawu kanye nezinamekwa zesiqikili sezinzisaningi. Incwazuba loMhlabawonke, olusemthethweni Kodwa olungamukelwanga ndawo zonke, lwasabalalisa Emazweni wonke amakheli wencwazuba ngokusebenzisa i-UTF-8.
INgqoqelolwazi
IziNkondolo zayo
INgqoqelolwazi yanamuhla yathuthukiswa kusuka encwadini yesichazamazwi ekhulwini le-18. Ngokomlando, kokubili iziNgqoqelolwazi neziChazamazwi ziye zacwaningwa futhi zalotshwa izingcweti zesiqikili ezifunde zagogoda, kodwa azifani indlela uhlaka lwazo oluhlelwe ngayo. IsiChazamazwi siwumsebenzi wolimi ngokuyinhloko ogxile ohlwini losonhlamvukazi bamazwi nezincasiselo zawo. Amabizo amqondofana Kanye nalawo ahlobene nawo ngesihloko ahlakazeka yonke indawo phakathi kuso, ngaphandle kokuwaqoqa kube indaba eyodwa ejulile. Ngaleyondlela, isiChazamazwi sivame ukuba nokwaziswa, inhlaziyo nesizinda okulinganiselwe ngezwi elichasiswayo. Nakuba siphana ngencasiselo, sishiya umfundi waso entula ukuqonda incazelo, ubumqoka nemikhawulo yebizo, kanye nokuthi lelo bizo lihlobana kanjani nomkhakha wolwazi obanzi.
Ekubhekaneni nalezo zidingo, isibhalwa sengqoqelolwazi ngokuvamile asipheleli ezincasiselweni, futhi asipheleli ekuchasiseni izwi ngalinye, kodwa sihlinzeka ngomqondo obanzi wesihloko noma uqeqesho. Ngaphezu kokuchasisa kanye nokwenza uhlu lwamazwi ayimiqondofana waleso sihloko, isibhalwa siyakwazi ukudingida umqondo obanzi wesihloko ngokujulile futhi sidlulise ulwazi oluqongelelwe olufanele ngaleso sihloko. Isibhalwa seNgqoqelolwazi sivame ukuhlanganisa amabalazwe amaningi nemifanekiso, kanye noluhlumibhalo nezibalomininingo. INgqoqelolwazi ngokuvamile ayibhalelwa ukuba igculise, nakuba enye yezimpokophelo zayo kungukugculisa umfundi wayo ngobuqiniso bayo.
Incwazuba
uMlando
Ukuthumela imiyalezo ngesicikizi okwenzeka phakathi kwabasebenzisi bohlelo olufanayo kwaba yinto eyenzeka emva kokufika kokucobelela-ngesikhathi ekuqaleni kweminyaka ye-1960, okwagqanyiswa lapho kugunundwa isimiso sokucobelelana ngesikhathi saseNyuvesi yobuChwepheshe yase-Massachusetts ngowe-1965. Iningi labathuthukisi bokuqala beziCikiznkulu neziCikizana bathuthukisa izinhlelo zezincwazuba ezifanayo, kodwa ezihlengezelayo. Ngowe-1971uxhoxho lwencwazuba lokuqala lwe-ARPANET lwathunyelwa, kanjalo lwangenisa uhlelo lwamazwi ekheli oseludumile olunophawu '@' olubonisa uhlelo lwekheli lolusebenzisayo. Emva kochungechunge lwama-RFCs, kwalungiswa imithetho yokuthumela imiyalezo yencwazuba ngeGumelo lokuDlulisa uHele (FTP).
INgqoqelolwazi
Izici ezine eziyinhloko
Kunezici ezine eziyinhloko ezichasisa INgqoqelolwazi: izihloko zayo, ukujula kwayo, indlelasu yokuhleleka kwayo, kanye nendlelasu yokukhiqizwa kwayo:
Incwazuba
uMlando
Izinhlelo zeNcwadi yamazuba zaqala ukuvela ngokushesha. Izinkampani i-IBM, CompuServe ne-Xerox zazisebenzisa izinhlelo zazo zencwazuba eminyakeni ye-1970; i-CompuServe yona yayidayisa ezinye zezinhlelo zayo kusuka ngowe-1978 neyalandelwa i-IBM ne-Xerox ngowe-1981.
IGumelo lokuDlulisa iNcwazuba elilula (SMTP) lagunundwa ngowe-1983 yi-ARPANET. Izinhlelo zencwazuba ze-LAN zavela maphakathi neminyaka ye-1980.
Mnguni
Sfiso Mnguni Mbokazi.