cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Chhiah-chúi-tìn
Chhiah-chúi-tìn (赤水鎮) sī Tiong-kok Hok-kiàn-séng Choân-chiu-chhī Tek-hòe-koān ê chi̍t-ê tìn.
Ji̍t-pún Kok-tō 447-hō
Kok-tō 447-hō (Hàn-jī: 国道447号; Kana: こくどう447ごう) sī chi̍t tiâu Ji̍t-pún ê it-poaⁿ kok-tō.
Stehag
Stehag sī Sūi-tián Skåne Koān Eslöv Chū-tī-chhī ê chi̍t-ê tē-hng (tätort) siâⁿ-chhī.
Kun-kù Sūi-tián koaⁿ-hong tī 2010 nî ê jîn-kháu phó͘-cha, Stehag ū 1122-ūi ki-bîn.
Chham-khó
Lūi-pia̍t:Sūi-tián ê siâⁿ-chhī Lūi-pia̍t:Skåne Koān ê siâⁿ-chhī
Monsters, Inc.
Monsters, Inc. sī 2001 nî Pixar chè-chok, Bí-kok ê tōng-ōe tiān-iáⁿ.
Chham-khó
Lūi-pia̍t:Tōng-oē Lūi-pia̍t:Bí-kok tiān-iáⁿ Lūi-pia̍t:Disney
Bandar-e Gaz
Bandar-e Gaz (Pho-su-gí: بَندِر گَز) sī chi̍t ê tī Iran Islam Kiōng-hô-kok Golestan Séng Bandar-e Gaz Kūn Tiong-iong Koān ê siâⁿ-chhī. Tī 2016 nî phó͘-cha ê sî-chūn, chit-ê siâⁿ-chhī ū 20,742 ê lâng tòa, chóng-kiōng ū 4,679 hō͘ jîn-ke.
Chham-khó
Lūi-pia̍t:Bandar-e Gaz Kūn ê siâⁿ-chhī
Chiūⁿ-éng-tìn
Chiūⁿ-éng-tìn (上湧鎮) sī Tiong-kok Hok-kiàn-séng Choân-chiu-chhī Tek-hòe-koān ê chi̍t-ê tìn.
Marzano Appio
Marzano Appio (Italia-bûn: Comune di Marzano Appio) sī Italia Campania toā-khu Caserta Séng ê chi̍t ê comune.
Chiūⁿ-éng-tìn
Lūi-pia̍t:Hok-kiàn-séng
Marzano Appio
Tē-lí
Tī Marzano Appio ê sì-ûi ū Conca della Campania, Roccamonfina, Vairano Patenora, Caianello, Presenzano, kap Tora e Piccilli téng siâⁿ-chhī he̍k-chiá chng-siā.
Liân-kiat
Lūi-pia̍t:Caserta Séng ê kong-siā
Eng-gí
Eng-gú (英語) ia̍h-sī Eng-gí, Eng-kiat-lī-gí (英吉利語), sī 1 chióng Se Tek-gí-hē ê gí-giân, i ê goân-thâu tī Eng-kok. Eng-gí ê bó-gí jîn-kháu chhiau-kòe 4-ek (2002 nî sò͘-kì). Liân-ha̍p Ông-kok kap āu--lâi Bí-kok tī kun-sū, keng-chè, kho-ha̍k, chèng-tī, bûn-hòa ê éng-hióng tì-sú Eng-gí chiâⁿ-chò sè-kài chú-iàu ê thong-hêng-gí chi it.
Kán-sú
Kóng Tek-gí-hē gí-giân ê Angle, Saxon, Jute téng-téng ê pō͘-lo̍k tī Se-goân 500 nî chó-iū khai-sí si̍t-bîn Britain-tó. In chi-phoè pún-té í-keng tī England tē-khu ê Celt-gí cho̍k-kûn. In ê hong-giân sī Eng-gí ê sian-chó͘, āu--lâi chheng-ho͘ sī Kó͘ Eng-gí (Old English). Kó· Eng-gí oan-nā siū Kó͘ Norse-gí (Old Norse) chit ê Tek-gí-hē hong-giân éng-hióng. Hiān-tāi ê hun-lūi jīn-ûi Kó͘ Eng-gí î-chhî kàu 1100 nî, Norman-lâng chhim-lio̍k Britain-tó liáu-āu bô joā kú. Beowulf sī Kó͘ Eng-gí ê tāi-piáu-chok.
Norman-lâng toà--lâi ê Kó͘ Hoat-gí (Old French) chhim-chhim éng-hióng Tiong Eng-gí (Middle English), iok-lio̍k tùi 1100 nî (Norman-lâng tī 1066 nî khai-sí thóng-tī) kàu 1500 nî (ìn-soat-ki hoat-bêng liáu-āu). Tiong Eng-gí sî-kî lâu--lo̍h-lâi siōng ū miâ-siaⁿ ê tù-chok sī Geoffrey Chaucer ê The Canterbury Tales. Chit toāⁿ sî-kî Eng-gí keng-koè Ūn-bó Toā Soá-ūi (Eng-gí: Great Vowel Shift) ê im-ta̍t piàn-chhian, liáu-āu chiâⁿ-chò Hiān-tāi Eng-gí (Modern English).
Hiān-tāi Eng-gí tùi William Shakespeare ê sî-tāi khai-sí hoat-tián. I ê gí-hoat, hoat-im chêng hit-chūn kàu taⁿ goân-chek-siōng bô kái-piàn, ke̍k-ke sû-lūi ū toā cheng-ka niā-niā. Ū-ê ha̍k-chiá khu-pia̍t chá-kî kap āu-kî (1800 nî) ê Hiān-tāi Eng-gí. 1800 nî liáu-āu, Tai-eng Tè-kok chiàm-niá sè-kài toā pō͘-hūn, siâng-sî ia̍h siū hia ê gí-giân éng-hióng.
Hun-lūi
Eng-gí sio̍k Ìn-Au gí-hē chi-hā ê Tek-gí-hē.
San Diego (Cesar)
San Diego sī Colombia Cesar séng ê chi̍t ê chū-tī-thé.
Eng-gí
Hun-lūi
Eng-gí siōng chhin ê hiān-tāi chhin-chiâⁿ sī Scots kap Frysk. Koan-hē khah hn̄g--tām-po̍h-á ê gí-giân sī Kē-tē Saxon-gí (tī Hô-lân tang-pêng kap Tek-kok pak-pō͘). Kî-thaⁿ ū koan-hē ê gí-giân ū Hô-lân-gí, Afrikaans, Tek-gí, Pak Au ê gí-giân. In-ūi Eng-gí tùi Norman-lâng ê Hoat-gí khip-siu chē-chē sû-lūi, bat Eng-gí ê lâng mā ē-tit liáu-kái chin chē Hoat-gí ê sû; phèng-im, ì-sù mā sio-oá he̍k-chiá kāng-khoán.
Bussang
Bussang sī ūi-tī Hoat-kok Lorraine toā-khu Vosges koān ê chi̍t ê commune.
Eng-gí
Gōa-pō͘ liân-kiat
*
Bussang
Tē-lí
Tī Bussang ê sì-ûi ū Le Ménil, Saint-Maurice-sur-Moselle, Ventron, Fellering, Urbès, kap Fresse-sur-Moselle téng siâⁿ-chhī he̍k-chiá chng-siā.
San Diego (Cesar)
Liân-kiat
Lūi-pia̍t:Cesar ê chū-tī-thé
Kepahiang Koān
Kepahiang sī Ìn-tō͘-nî-se-a Sumatera Bengkulu ê chi̍t ê koān.
Lūi-pia̍t:Bengkulu ê koān
Prostore (Bilokurakyne Koān)
Prostore (Ukraina-gí: Просторе) sī chi̍t ê tī Ukraina Kiōng-hô-kok Luhansk Chiu Bilokurakyne Koān ê chng-thâu (selo).
Bukta (Igliauka)
Bukta sī chi̍t ê tī Lietuva Kiōng-hô-kok Marijampolė Kūn Marijampolė Igliauka Tiúⁿ-ló-khu ê chng-thâu. Chit-ê chng-thâu tī 2011 nî ê sî-chūn ū 2 ê lâng tòa.
Chham-khó
Lūi-pia̍t:Marijampolė Chū-tī-thé ê chng-thâu Lūi-pia̍t:Igliauka Tiúⁿ-ló-khu
Prostore (Bilokurakyne Koān)
Chham-khó
Lūi-pia̍t:Luhansk Chiu ê chng-thâu
Kutuzovka (Ukraina)
Chham-khó
Lūi-pia̍t:Donetsk Chiu ê chng-thâu
Sosnivka (Nedryhailiv Koān)
Chham-khó
Lūi-pia̍t:Sumy Chiu ê chng-thâu
Saint-Domet
Saint-Domet sī ūi-tī Hoat-kok Limousin tōa-khu Creuse séng ê chi̍t-ê commune.
Tē-lí
Tī Saint-Domet ê sì-ûi ū Champagnat, Peyrat-la-Nonière, kap La Serre-Bussière-Vieille téng siâⁿ-chhī he̍k-chiá chng-siā.
Gōa-pō͘ liân-kiat
Lūi-pia̍t:Creuse ê commune
Bronów (Poddębice Kūn)
Bronów sī chi̍t ê tī Pho-lân Kiōng-hô-kok Łódź Séng Poddębice Kūn Wartkowice Kong-siā ê chng-thâu.
Chham-khó
Lūi-pia̍t:Poddębice Kūn ê chng-thâu
Kài-tek-tìn
Kài-tek-tìn (蓋德鎮) sī Tiong-kok Hok-kiàn-séng Choân-chiu-chhī Tek-hòe-koān ê chi̍t-ê tìn.
Lūi-pia̍t:Hok-kiàn-séng
Kare (Madiun)
Kare sī Ìn-tō͘-nî-se-a Tang Jawa Séng Madiun Koān ê chi̍t ê hiong (kecamatan).
Chham-khó
Lūi-pia̍t:Tang Jawa ê hiong Lūi-pia̍t:Madiun Koān ê hiong
Lebong Koān
Lebong sī Ìn-tō͘-nî-se-a Sumatera Bengkulu ê chi̍t ê koān.
Lūi-pia̍t:Bengkulu ê koān
Chhun-bí-hiuⁿ
Chhun-bí-hiuⁿ (春美鄉) sī Tiong-kok Hok-kiàn-séng Choân-chiu-chhī Tek-hòe-koān ê chi̍t-ê hiuⁿ.
Lūi-pia̍t:Hok-kiàn-séng
Stockamöllan
Stockamöllan sī Sūi-tián Skåne Koān Eslöv Chū-tī-chhī ê chi̍t-ê tē-hng (tätort) siâⁿ-chhī.
Kun-kù Sūi-tián koaⁿ-hong tī 2010 nî ê jîn-kháu phó͘-cha, Stockamöllan ū 300-ūi ki-bîn.
Chham-khó
Lūi-pia̍t:Sūi-tián ê siâⁿ-chhī Lūi-pia̍t:Skåne Koān ê siâⁿ-chhī
Kok-pó-hiuⁿ
Kok-pó-hiuⁿ (國寶鄉) sī Tiong-kok Hok-kiàn-séng Choân-chiu-chhī Tek-hòe-koān ê chi̍t-ê hiuⁿ.
Lūi-pia̍t:Hok-kiàn-séng
Himmetli (Saimbeyli)
Himmetli sī chi̍t ê tī Türkiye Adana séng Saimbeyli koān ê chng-thâu.
Chham-khó
Lūi-pia̍t:Adana Séng ê chng-thâu Lūi-pia̍t:Saimbeyli
Courdemanche (Sarthe)
Courdemanche sī ūi-tī Hoat-kok Pays de la Loire toā-khu Sarthe koān ê chi̍t ê commune.
Chham-khó
Lūi-pia̍t:Sarthe ê commune
San Eduardo
San Eduardo sī Colombia Boyacá séng ê chi̍t ê chū-tī-thé.
Liân-kiat
Lūi-pia̍t:Boyacá ê chū-tī-thé
Cannon Ball (North Dakota)
Cannon Ball sī Bí-kok North Dakota chiu Sioux kūn ê chi̍t ê chng-thâu (CDP).
Jîn-kháu
Chit ūi tī 2010 nî ê jîn-kháu-sò͘ sī 875 lâng.
Lūi-pia̍t:North Dakota ê chng-thâu
Saint-André-de-Sangonis
Saint-André-de-Sangonis sī ūi-tī Hoat-kok Languedoc-Roussillon tōa-khu Hérault séng ê chi̍t ê commune.
Tē-lí
Tī Saint-André-de-Sangonis ê sì-ûi ū Brignac, Canet, Ceyras, Gignac, Jonquières, Lagamas, Montpeyroux, Pouzols, Saint-Félix-de-Lodez, kap Saint-Saturnin-de-Lucian téng siâⁿ-chhī he̍k-chiá chng-siā.
Liân-kiat
Lūi-pia̍t:Hérault ê commune
Ji̍t-pún Kok-tō 448-hō
Kok-tō 448-hō (Hàn-jī: 国道448号; Kana: こくどう448ごう) sī chi̍t tiâu Ji̍t-pún ê it-poaⁿ kok-tō.
Keng-kòe ê só͘-chāi
448
Bí-ô͘-hiuⁿ
Bí-ô͘-hiuⁿ (美湖鄉) sī Tiong-kok Hok-kiàn-séng Choân-chiu-chhī Tek-hòe-koān ê chi̍t-ê hiuⁿ.
Lūi-pia̍t:Hok-kiàn-séng
Kuzmynivka (Bakhmut Koān)
Kuzmynivka (Ukraina-gí: Кузьминівка) sī chi̍t ê tī Ukraina Kiōng-hô-kok Donetsk Chiu Bakhmut Koān ê chng-thâu (selo).
Chham-khó
Lūi-pia̍t:Donetsk Chiu ê chng-thâu
Bronówek (Łódź Séng)
Chham-khó
Lūi-pia̍t:Poddębice Kūn ê chng-thâu
Bân-lâm-gú
Bân-lâm-gú/Bân-lâm-gí (Hàn-jī: 閩南語) sī Hàn-gí-cho̍k Bân-gí-chi ê chit-châng tōa chhiū-châng ê chi̍t ki chhiū-oe, sī siōng-kài ū éng-hiáng-la̍t ê Bân-gí gí-giân. Kóng-gī ê Bân-lâm-gú hun-pò͘ hōan-ûi chiâⁿ-khoah, chú-iàu thong-hêng tī Hok-kiàn lâm-pō͘ ê Chiang-chiu, Chôan-chiu, Ē-mn̂g; Tâi-ôan; Kńg-tang Tiô-chiu, Sòaⁿ-thâu tē-khu, Lûi-chiu pòan-tó; Hái-lâm-tó; Chiat-kang-séng lâm-pō͘ ê Chhong-lâm-kōan, Pêng-iông-kōan, Tōng-thâu-kōan; Hok-kiàn sai-pō͘ Lêng-nâ (龍巖) ê chhī-khu kah Chiang-pêng-kōan; Hok-kiàn tang-pak-pō͘ ê Hok-tiáⁿ-chhī; Tang-lâm-a chi̍t-kóa-á kok-ka kah tē-khu.
Nā phó͘-thong-sî lâng kóng Bân-lâm-gú, he thàu-té sī leh kóng Hok-kiàn lâm-pō͘ Chôan-Chiang-Hā tē-khu kah Tâi-ôan chit-tah ê gí-giân.
Kè-khì tī Tiong-kok Chheng-tiâu ê sî-tāi, Se-iûⁿ lâng kā Bân-lâm-gú kiò-chòe Amoy (che sī Eng-gú, sī Ē-mûi ê piàn-im). Tī tang-lâm-a, Bân-lâm-gú hō͘-lâng kiò-chòe “Hokkien” (Hok-kiàn-oē ê ì-sù), tī Tâi-ôan kiò-chò Ho̍h-ló-ōe, Tâi-oân-oē, Tâi-gú. Tī Hiong-káng mā kiò Ē-gú (Ē-mn̂g-oē ê ì-sù).
Bân-lâm-gú hoat-gôan-toē (siāng gôan-thâu ê só͘-chāi) si Hok-kiàn lâm-pō͘ ê Ē-mn̂g, Chiang-chiu kah Chôan-chiu chit saⁿ ê só͘-chāi.
Ē-mn̂g-ōe kah Tâi-ôan-ōe hō͘ lâng kong-jīn sī Bân-lâm-gú ê phiau-chún. Tī Hái-lâm, iōng Bûn-chhiong-oē chòe tāi-piáu.
Hō-miâ
Kóng--khí-lâi sī kāng chi̍t chióng gú-giân, put-jî-kò tī bô-kâng ê hiuⁿ-lí, hōan-sè to̍h ū bô-kâng ê miâ-chheng. Hiān-chú-sî, tī Hok-kiàn, lâng thàu-té kā kiò-chòe “Bân-lâm-gú / Bân-lâm-ōe”, ū-tang-sî-á ka-kī lâng tùi ka-kī lâng mā kóng “Lán-lâng-ōe”. Tī Tang-lâm-a, thàu-té kā kiò-chòe Hok-kiàn-ōe, m̄-koh tiàm Hui-lu̍t-pin mā chhêng-chāi ū leh kóng “Lán-chhù-ōe”. Tâi-ôan ê kóng-hoat siōng-kài chōe, ū “Tâi-gí”, “Ho̍h-ló-ōe”, “Bân-lâm-gí” chōe-chōe chióng. Tong-jiân, kāng-khóan mā-sī ū lâng kóng “Lán-chhù-ōe”.
Tâi-oân ū chē-chē lâng jīn-ûi Tâi-gí m̄-sī Bân-lâm-gí. In jīn-ûi hiān-chú-sî ê Tâi-gí hām Hok-kiàn Bân-lâm-gí sī nn̄g chióng bô siô-siâng ê gí-giân. Chú-tiuⁿ chit-hāng koan-tiám ê lí-iû sī:
Chú-im
Bân-lâm-gú ê chú-im (siaⁿ-bó) ti̍t-chiap kè-sêng Siōng-kó͘ Hàn-gú (上古漢語) ê siaⁿ-bó hē-thóng, tī chit hong-bīn lâi kóng, Bân-lâm-gú pēng bô siū-tio̍h Tiong-kó͘ sî-kî Hàn-gú-hē gú-im ián-piàn ê éng-hiáng. Hiān-chú-sî, lâng phó͘-piàn jīn-ûi Siōng-kó͘ Hàn-gú ū 19 ê siaⁿ-bó. Àn-chiàu thôan-thóng ê Bân-lâm-gú si̍p-ngó͘-im (十五音) lâi hun-sek, hoat-hiān Bân-lâm-gú ê siaⁿ-bó ū 15 ê, iā-to̍h-sī kóng Siōng-kó͘ Hàn-gú 19 ê, Bân-lâm-gú kā pó-liû 15 ê.
Siōng-kó͘ Hàn-gú ū chi̍t-kóa-á te̍k-tiám:
① Bô khin-tûn-im (“Kó͘ bû khin-tûn”);
② Bô chi̍h-téng-im (“Kó͘ bû sia̍t-siōng-im”);
③ Kāu chi̍h-á-im (“Kó͘ to sia̍t-im”).
① Bân-lâm-gú kā hui-chó͘ (非組) kah pang-chó͘ (幫組) tha̍k kāng im (to̍h-sī siaⁿ-bó tha̍k kāng im), pí-lūn kóng “飛” tha̍k [pue˦˦] / [pe˦˦], “蓬” tha̍k [pʰaŋ˨˦], “吠” tha̍k [pui˨˨], “微” tha̍k [bi˨˦];
② Ti-chó͘ (知組) Bân-lâm-gú ê tha̍k-hoat hām toan-chó͘ (端組) sio-siâng, pí-lūn “豬” tha̍k [ti˦˦] / [tu˦˦] / [tɯ˦˦], “醜” tha̍k [tʰiu˥˧], “程” tha̍k [tʰiŋ˨˦];
③ Bân-lâm-gú kā chiâⁿ chōe chiong-chó͘ (章组) ê jī tha̍k chòe kah toan-chó͘ kāng-khóan, chhan-chhiūⁿ “唇” tha̍k [tun˨˦], “振” tha̍k [tin˥˧], “召” tha̍k [tiau˨˨], “注” tha̍k [tu˨˩].
Bó-im kah siaⁿ-tiāu
Bân-lâm-gú ê bó-im kah siaⁿ-tiāu thé-hiān Tiong-kó͘-im (中古音) ê te̍k-tiám. Bó-im lâi kóng, Bân-lâm-gú ôan-chéng pó-chûn Tiong-kó͘-im 6 ê hú-im-ūn ūn-bóe, kî-tiong [-p̚], [-t̚], [-k̚] sī sat-im (塞音), [-m], [-n], [-ŋ] sī phīⁿ-im.
Siaⁿ-tiāu hong-bīn, Tiong-kó͘-im “piâⁿ, sióng, khì, ji̍p” pun im-iông ê te̍k-tiám chôan-pō͘ tī Bân-lâm-gú lāi-té tit-tio̍h thé-hiān. Chiang-chiu-khiuⁿ ū “im-piâⁿ, im-sióng, im-khì, im-ji̍p, iông-piáⁿ, iông-khì, iông-ji̍p” 7 ê tiāu; Chôan-chiu-khiuⁿ ū iông-sióng-tiāu.
Sû-gú
Chit-chūn Bân-lâm-gú ê sû-gí ū chiâⁿ chōe sio̍k-î Kó͘-Hàn-gú ê sêng-hūn, siōng kó͘-chá ē-tàng khan khì kàu Chhun-Chhiu, Chiàn-kok ê nî-tāi, pí-lūn kóng Bân-lâm sio̍k-gú “Ji̍t--sî cháu-phā-phā, àm--sî tiám teng-la̍h.” Chit lāi-tóe ê “la̍h” to̍h-sī hit-ê sî-tāi ê giân-gí. Si-keng (詩經) Siáu-ngá (小雅) Sìn-lâm-san (信南山): “Chip kî loân to, í khé kî mô͘, chhú kî hiat liâu. (執其鸞刀, 以啟其毛, 取其血膋.)” Koh pí-lūn kóng “saⁿ-khò͘”, “lâng-kheh”, “thàn-chîⁿ”, “bîn-chhn̂g”, “chiaⁿ-bah”, “kún-chúi” téng-téng lóng-sī Tông, Sòng í-lâi Kó͘-Hàn-gú ê iōng-sû.
Bân-lâm-gú chi̍t-kóa-á kò͘-sû ê hong-sek hām hiān-tāi Hôa-gú tú-hó tian-tò-péng, put-jî-kò soah hām Kó͘-Hàn-gú sio-siâng, chhan-chhiūⁿ “ah-bó”, “hong-thai”, “lâng-kheh”, “chhin-tông”, “kha-chhiú”.
Bân-lâm-gí chi̍t-kóa-á kò͘-sû ê hong-sek hām hiān-tāi Hôa-gí tú-hó tian-tò-péng, put-jî-koh soah hām kó͘-hàn-gí sio-siâng, chhin-chhiūⁿ "ah-bú", "hong-thai", "lâng-kheh", "chhin-tông", "kha-chhiú"...
Hàn-jī ê bûn-pe̍h ī-tho̍k
Tī Hàn-gú-hē kok gú-giân tong-tiong, beh kóng “bûn-pe̍h ī-tho̍k” ê hiān-siōng, Bân-lâm-gú iāng ho̍k-cha̍p. “Bûn” to̍h-sī “bûn-tho̍k-im”, a̍h-sī kóng “tha̍k-chheh-im”. “Pe̍h” tāi-piáu “kháu-gí-im” a̍h-sī “pe̍h-ōe-im”. Bân-lâm-gú ê “tha̍k-chheh-im” kah “kháu-gí-im” ē-sái kóng sī nn̄g ê hō͘-siong tùi-èng ê hē-thóng. Bûn-pe̍h hē-thóng ê hêng-sêng sī chi̍t-tōaⁿ chin-chiàⁿ ho̍k-cha̍p ê le̍k-sú kòe-thêng. Bân-lâm-gú ê bûn-pe̍h ī-tho̍k, kú-lē jû-hā:
Kó͘-tāi Bân-oa̍t-gú ê sêng-hun
Bân-lâm-gú ê hêng-sêng sī kó͘-tāi Tiong-gôan Hàn-gú hām kó͘-tāi Bân-oa̍t-cho̍k gú-giân sio-thàu-lām ê kòe-thêng. Hiān-chú-sî, Bân-lâm-gú lāi-té iu-gôan koh pó-liû tio̍h chōe-chōe kó͘-tāi Bân-oa̍t-gú ê sêng-hūn, pí-lūn kóng “ka-cháu”, “ka-cho̍ah”, “ka-lēng”, “tō͘-kâu”, “tō͘-ún”, “káu-hiā”, “ka-lún-sún”, “phah-kha-chhiùⁿ”, “tio̍h-ka-cha̍k”.
Gōa-lâi-gú ê chioh-sû
Ùi Tông-tiâu ê sî-tāi khai-sí, Chôan-chiu to̍h hoat-tián chiâⁿ-chòe "tang-hong tē-it tōa-káng", kó͘-tāi Hái-siōng Si-tiû chi Lō͘ ê khí-tiám tī Chôan-chiu. Chhú-khì, Bân-lâm chit-tah hām Tiong-tang, Tang-lâm-a ê lâi-óng ke-chiâⁿ chia̍p. Kòe-hoan ê hoan-kheh chiong gōa-hiuⁿ ê gí-giân chah tńg-lâi Hok-kiàn, nî-kú-go̍eh-chhim, ū ê gōa-lâi-gú ê gí-sû soah lām-lo̍h Bân-lâm-gú, chiâⁿ-chòe Bân-lâm-gú ê chi̍t-pō͘-hūn. Chit-khóan--ê, pí-lūn “sat-bûn”, “pa-sat”, “chi-ku-la̍t”, “chu-lu̍t”, “phia̍t-á”, “tōng-kak”, “si̍p-pán-á”, “ba̍k-thâu”, “àu-sài”, “te̍k-sî”, “pa-sū”, “má-tih”, “gō͘-kha-kī”, “ka-po̍k / ka-pò͘-mî”, “ko-pi” téng-téng.
Tâi-ôan Bân-lâm-gú ū koh-khah chē ê gōa-lâi-gí chioh-sû, kî-tiong siōng chē--ê sī Ji̍t-gí chioh-sû, pí-lūn kóng: “o͘-tó͘-bái”, “khí-mo͘-chih”, “chu-ná-mih”, “tò-sàng”, “sa-sí-mih”. Che í-gōa, ôan-á ū khip-siu chi̍t-kóa Pêⁿ-po͘-cho̍k-gí kah kî-thaⁿ gōa-gí ê sêng-hūn.
Phèng-im ê hē-thóng
Múi chi̍t-chióng jîn-lūi gú-giân lóng ū ka-tī ê im-phiau hē-thóng. Bo̍k-chiân, múi chi̍t-chióng gú-giân ê im-phiau hē-thóng lóng sú-iōng hû-hō lâi kì-lio̍k. Ū-ê gú-giân ê im-phiau hē-thóng siâng-sî chûn-chāi kúi-nā-chióng phèng-im hû-hō, pí-lūn kóng Bân-lâm-gú.
Sè-kài kok-tē ê ha̍k-chiá tùi “phèng-im hû-hō” ê lōe-hâm ū bô kāng-khóan ê lí-kái. Ū-ê lâng chú-tiuⁿ kā phèng-im hû-hō tòng-chòe bûn-jī lâi khòaⁿ-thāi, put-jî-kò mā ū lâng hóan-tùi.
Tâi-ôan ū chiâⁿ chē gú-giân ha̍k-chiá chú-tiuⁿ Bân-lâm-gí phèng-im hû-hō mā sī bûn-jī, pí-lūn kóng Pe̍h-oē-jī to̍h-sī tang-tiong ê chi̍t-chióng.
Ēng Pe̍h-ōe-jī chò im-phiau
Àn-chiàu le̍k-sú ê kak-tō͘ lâi khòaⁿ, Pe̍h-oē-jī chêng-kàu-taⁿ lóng sī hō͘-lâng tòng-chò bûn-jī teh sú-iōng. Chí-put-kò, Pe̍h-oē-jī oân-á kū-pī phèng-im ê kong-lêng, só͘-í ū-sî Pe̍h-oē-jī iū-koh pān-ián tio̍h im-phiau ê kak-sek. Koan-hē Pe̍h-ōe-jī ê im-phiau hē-thóng chhiáⁿ chham-khòaⁿ Ē-mn̂g-ōe gú-im hē-thóng chit-phiⁿ.
Tâi-ôan ê Bân-lâm-gú im-phiau
Taⁿ Bân-lâm-gú ê im-phiau siāng-chió chhiau-kòe 64 chióng (Iûⁿ Ún-giân, Tiuⁿ Ha̍k-khiam, 1999 nî), ē-sái kóng sī pah-pah-khóan. Ū-ê iōng chù-im hû-hō, ū-ê iōng Khá-nah, ū-ê iōng Hangeul. Ah siāng-kài chē--ê sī sú-iōng Lô-má-jī. Chóng--sī, bo̍k-chiân lóng iáu-bōe thóng-it. Chōe-chōe chióng phèng-im tang-tiong, siāng-kài sî-kiâⁿ, sú-iōng jîn-kháu siāng-kài chē--ê sī Tâi-lô, Pe̍h-ōe-jī (Kàu-hōe Lô-má-jī), TLPA kah Tong-iōng Phèng-im.
Pí-kàu
1991 nî 8 go̍eh 17 hō, ha̍k-chiá Âng Ûi-jîn, Tiuⁿ Jū-hông, Táng Tiong-su saⁿ lâng chhōa-thâu sêng-li̍p Tâi-ôan Gú-bûn Ha̍k-hōe. Bô lōa kú liáu-āu, Tâi-ôan Gú-bûn Ha̍k-hōe tī Pe̍h-ōe-jī im-phiau hē-thóng ê ki-chhó͘ siōng chè-tēng chhut chi̍t-thò sin ê Tâi-gí Im-phiau, hō-miâ “Tâi-gú Im-phiau Hong-àn” (Taiwan Language Phonetic Alphabet, kán-chheng TLPA).
Beh chè-tēng TLPA ê gôan-in sī:
(1) Tâi-gí im-phiau ū chin chōe thò, chó͘-gāi Tâi-ôan gú-giân ê ha̍k-si̍p kah hoat-tián;
(2) Pe̍h-ōe-jī bô ôan-chôan sek-ha̍p tiān-náu.
TLPA hām POJ siōng chú-iàu ê chha-pia̍t sī:
TLPA kong-pò͘ liáu-āu, tī Tâi-ôan Bân-lâm-gí-kài ín-khì chin tōa ê hong-pho, chō-chiâⁿ TLPA ê chi-chhî-chiá hām POJ chi-chhî-chiá nn̄g phài chi-kan tn̂g-kî lâi leh tùi-khòng.
Chá-kî ê Bân-lâm-gú bûn-ha̍k
Tiong-kok kó͘-tāi Hàn-gú bûn-ha̍k, thàu-té sī Khóng-chú-jī ê bûn-hiàn chiàm cho̍at-tùi ê iâⁿ-bīn, iah nā sio̍k-î pe̍h-ōe-bûn ê Tn̂g-lâng-jī, to̍h chiâⁿ hán-tit the̍h lâi chòe bûn-ha̍k chhòng-chok. It-ti̍t kàu kah Bêng, Chheng ê sî-tāi, chiah khah chia̍p ū leh khòaⁿ tio̍h thong-sio̍k ê kháu-gú siáu-soat, pí-lūn Tiong-kok ê kó͘-tián sù tāi bêng-chok to̍h-sī chit-ê sî-kî ê chok-phín. Tī chit-chióng khôan-kéng kah pōe-kéng chi-hā, siōng chá ê Bân-lâm-gú bûn-ha̍k chok-phín Lē-kiàⁿ-kì chhut-pán, pēng-chhiáⁿ tī Chôan-chiu kah Tiô-chiu chit-tah chiâⁿ-chòe kài sî-kiâⁿ ê hì-bûn. Put-jî-kò si̍t-chāi kóng, Lē-kiàⁿ-kì iáu-koh m̄-sī chin-chin-chiàⁿ-chiàⁿ ê Bân-lâm-gú bûn.
Siōng-kài ē-tàng tāi-piáu chá-kî Bân-lâm-gú bûn-jī--ê sī kì-chài Chôan-chiu lâm-kóan gē-su̍t (pau-koat lâm-kóan-ga̍k hâm lâm-kóan-hì) ê ga̍k-phó͘ kah lō͘-bóe kì-chài koa-á-hì hì-bûn ê koa-á-chheh.
20 sè-kì téng-pòaⁿ-tōaⁿ ê Bân-lâm-gú-bûn ūn-tōng
Se-gôan 20 sè-kì ê chá-kî kah tiong-kî, Tâi-ôan khì hō͘ Ji̍t-pún si̍t-bîn thóng-tī. Hit-tong-sî, chi̍t-kóa-á Tâi-ôan chāi-tōe ê bûn-ha̍k jîn-sū hoat-kak tio̍h pún-thó͘ gú-giân ê tiōng-iàu. In ho͘-iok Tâi-ôan chāi-tōe-lâng to̍h-ài iōng “siōng-kài chhin-chhiat ê Tâi-ôan-ōe lâi chhòng-chok Tâi-ôan ê bûn-ha̍k”. Put-jî-kò in-ūi Ji̍t-pún si̍t-bîn chèng-hú ūi-tio̍h thui-hêng hông-bîn-hòa ūn-tōng, soah chôan-bīn kìm-chí tī Tâi-ôan sú-iōng Hàn-bûn, tì-sú tú leh puh-íⁿ ê hiong-thó͘ bó-gú bûn-ha̍k ūn-tōng soah chôaⁿ chhàu-ta o͘-áu khì. Chit-ê sî-kî, thui-sak hiong-thó͘ bó-gú bûn-ha̍k ūn-tōng ê tāi-piáu jîn-bu̍t, chú-iàu pau-koat: Liân Un-kheng (連溫卿), Liân Ngá-tông (連雅堂), N̂g Se̍k-hui (黃石輝), Keh Chhiu-seng (郭秋生).
1970 nî-tāi ê Bân-lâm-gú-bûn ūn-tōng
Tū Kok-bîn-tóng chèng-hú soan-pò͘ kái-giâm liáu-āu, Tâi-ôan ê Bân-lâm-gú-bûn chhòng-chok chôaⁿ hiông-hiông sî-kiâⁿ--khí-lâi, chiâⁿ-chōe chok-ka kah ha̍k-chiá mā lóng ka-ji̍p “Bân-lâm-gú-bûn chhòng-chok” chit-ki tūi-ngó͘. Iú-koan chu-liāu ê kì-chài hián-sī, chit-tīn lâng tang-tiong khah chú-iàu--ê sī: Lîm Gím-hiân (林錦賢), Lîm Chong-gôan (林宗源), N̂g Kèng-liân (黃勁連), Lîm Iong-bín (林央敏), Âng Ûi-jîn (洪惟仁), Tēⁿ Liông-úi (鄭良偉), Tân Bêng-jîn (陳明仁), Tō͘-Phoaⁿ Hong-keh, (杜潘芳格), Ngô͘ Siù-lē (吳秀麗), Lí Khîn-hōaⁿ (李勤岸) téng-téng.
Bân-lâm-gú-bûn ê su-siá hē-thóng
Bân-lâm-gú sī Hàn-cho̍k gí-giân ê chi̍t-chió̍ng. I ê su-siá hē-thóng hām Hiān-tāi Hàn-gú Pe̍h-ōe-bûn (iā-to̍h-sī Hôa-gí su-bīn-gú) ôan-chôan bô sio-siâng. Bân-lâm-gú ê su-siá hē-thóng siá--ê sī Bân-lâm-gú pe̍h-ōe-bûn, mā-sī kháu-gú. Bân-lâm-gú pe̍h-ōe-bûn ū-tang-sî-á kán-chheng hō͘-chòe “Bân-lâm-gú-bûn”. Tâi-ôan khah chia̍p kóng chòe “Tâi-gí-bûn”.
Siá Bân-lâm-gú-bûn, chhái-iōng tó-chi̍t-chióng bûn-jī--leh? Si̍t-chāi kóng, chit-ê būn-tôe tī bú-gú-kài kàu taⁿ pēng bô kiōng-sek, jî-chhiáⁿ chit hong-bīn ê khang-khè chú-iàu mā kan-na sī Tâi-ôan-lâng teh chòe. Tī Tâi-ôan, Bân-lâm-gú ê su-siá, chú-iàu ū:
Chóng--sī, hiān-chú-sî, Tâi-ôan Bân-lâm-gú ê su-siá ôan-á iáu-bē ta̍t-sêng thóng-it ê ì-kiàn, phài-hē chiâⁿ chōe, khó-pí chi̍t-iūⁿ bí chhī phah-iūⁿ lâng, hō͘ lâng khòaⁿ kah bū-sahⁿ-sahⁿ koh hoe-kô-kô. Put-jî-kò, chêng 1990 nî-lâi í-lâi, chú-tiuⁿ kiâⁿ chôan-Lô lō͘-sòaⁿ ê siaⁿ-soeh kài tōa, tang-tiong siāng hiáⁿ-ba̍k--ê sī Pe̍h-ōe-jī-bûn. Chi-chhî-chiá kái-soeh kóng chôan-Lô khí-bé ū ē-kha ê iu-tiám, sī Hán-jī a̍h-sī kî-thaⁿ hêng-sek ê bûn-jī hû-hō bô hoat-tō͘ thang pí-phēng--ê:
Chi-chhî thoat-Hàn--ê koh ū nn̄g chióng bô kâng koan-tiám ê lâng. Chi̍t chióng jīn-ûi beh thoat-Hàn sī in-ūi Hàn-jī bô-kàu iōng, hāu-ek kē, chiâⁿ lióng-kong. Lēng-gōa chi̍t chióng chú-tioⁿ chí-ū thoat-Hàn chiah ē-tàng hō͘ Tâi-ôan tī bûn-hòa siōng ôan-chôan lâi kah Tiong-kok chhé hō͘-i lī-lī-lī.
Bo̍k-chiân, Tâi-ôan Bân-lâm-gú-bûn ê su-siá, khah sêng-kong--ê pau-koat:
(1) Chit-kòa-á chhái-iōng chôan-Lô a̍h-sī Hàn-Lô ê khan-bu̍t, pí-lūn kóng Tâi-bûn Thong-sìn, Tâi-bûn Bóng-pò téng-téng;
(2) Bāng-chām, chhan-chhiūⁿ ôan-chôan chhái-iōng POJ (mā-ū Hàn-jī ia̍h-bīn) ê Bân-lâm-gí Wikipedia kah i ê chí-bē sū-kang téng-téng.
Tān-sī iōng choân-Lô iah-sī phian-Lô ê bûn-jī su-siá, e̍k chō-sêng kóng Bân-lâm-gí ê bîn-chiòng khòaⁿ-bô, piàn-sêng chi̍t-chióng chū-ngô͘ ê hong-hoat, hō͘ ta̍k-ke khòaⁿ-bô ê bûn-thé ê hoat-tián sī khah khùn-lân ê.
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Broszęcin-Kolonia
Broszęcin-Kolonia sī chi̍t ê tī Pho-lân Kiōng-hô-kok Łódź Séng Pajęczno Kūn Rząśnia Kong-siā ê chng-thâu.
Chham-khó
Lūi-pia̍t:Pajęczno Kūn ê chng-thâu
San Felipe (Colombia)
San Felipe sī Colombia Guainía séng ê chi̍t ê chū-tī-thé.
Lūi-pia̍t:Guainía ê chū-tī-thé
Lwówek Śląski Kūn
Lwówecki Kūn (Pho-lân-bûn: powiat lwówecki) sī Pho-lân Dolnośląskie séng ê chi̍t ê hiuⁿ-siā kūn (powiat ziemskie). Kūn ê ē-kha koh khu-hun chò 5 ê gmina.
Tē-lí
Tī pún só͘-chāi sì-ûi ê tē-hng ū Lubański Kūn, Bolesławiecki Kūn, Złotoryjski Kūn, kap Jeleniogórski Kūn.
Liân-kiat
Lūi-pia̍t:Ē Silesia Séng ê hiuⁿ-siā kūn
Thng-thâu-hiuⁿ
Thng-thâu-hiuⁿ (湯頭鄉) sī Tiong-kok Hok-kiàn-séng Choân-chiu-chhī Tek-hòe-koān ê chi̍t-ê hiuⁿ.
Lūi-pia̍t:Hok-kiàn-séng
Sainte-Feyre
Sainte-Feyre sī ūi-tī Hoat-kok Limousin tōa-khu Creuse séng ê chi̍t-ê commune.
Tē-lí
Tī Sainte-Feyre ê sì-ûi ū Ajain, Glénic, Guéret, Peyrabout, La Saunière, Savennes, Saint-Fiel, kap Saint-Laurent téng siâⁿ-chhī he̍k-chiá chng-siā.
Gōa-pō͘ liân-kiat
Lūi-pia̍t:Creuse ê commune
Canton (Michigan)
Jîn-kháu
Chit ūi tī 2010 nî ê jîn-kháu-sò͘ sī 90,173 lâng.
Liân-kiat
Lūi-pia̍t:Michigan ê chng-thâu
Ji̍t-pún Kok-tō 449-hō
Kok-tō 449-hō (Hàn-jī: 国道449号; Kana: こくどう449ごう) sī chi̍t tiâu Ji̍t-pún ê it-poaⁿ kok-tō.
Keng-kòe ê só͘-chāi
449
Świerże Zielone
Świerże Zielone sī chi̍t ê tī Pho-lân Kiōng-hô-kok Masovia Séng Ostrów Mazowiecka Kūn Zaręby Kościelne Kong-siā ê chng-thâu.
Chham-khó
Lūi-pia̍t:Ostrów Mazowiecka Kūn ê chng-thâu
Mignano Monte Lungo
Mignano Monte Lungo (Italia-bûn: Comune di Mignano Monte Lungo) sī Italia Campania toā-khu Caserta Séng ê chi̍t ê comune.
Tē-lí
Tī Mignano Monte Lungo ê sì-ûi ū Galluccio, Rocca d'Evandro, San Pietro Infine, Sesto Campano, Conca della Campania, Presenzano, San Vittore del Lazio, kap Venafro téng siâⁿ-chhī he̍k-chiá chng-siā.
Courgenard
Courgenard sī ūi-tī Hoat-kok Pays de la Loire toā-khu Sarthe koān ê chi̍t ê commune.
Mignano Monte Lungo
Liân-kiat
Lūi-pia̍t:Caserta Séng ê kong-siā
Kuznetsi (Ukraina)
Kuznetsi (Ukraina-gí: Кузнеці) sī chi̍t ê tī Ukraina Kiōng-hô-kok Donetsk Chiu Novoazovsk Koān ê chng-thâu (selo).
Tāi-bêng-hiuⁿ
Tāi-bêng-hiuⁿ (大銘鄉) sī Tiong-kok Hok-kiàn-séng Choân-chiu-chhī Tek-hòe-koān ê chi̍t-ê hiuⁿ.
Kuznetsi (Ukraina)
Chham-khó
Lūi-pia̍t:Donetsk Chiu ê chng-thâu
Tāi-bêng-hiuⁿ
Lūi-pia̍t:Hok-kiàn-séng
Chio̍h-gû-soaⁿ
Chio̍h-gû-soaⁿ (石牛山) sī Tiong-kok Hok-kiàn-séng Choân-chiu-chhī Tek-hòe-koān Chúi-kháu-tìn ê chi̍t-chō soaⁿ.
Lūi-pia̍t:Hok-kiàn-séng
Courgenard
Tē-lí
Tī Courgenard ê sì-ûi ū Gréez-sur-Roc, Saint-Jean-des-Échelles, Cormes, kap Théligny téng siâⁿ-chhī he̍k-chiá chng-siā.
Chham-khó
Lūi-pia̍t:Sarthe ê commune
Colonard-Corubert
Colonard-Corubert sī ūi-tī Hoat-kok Basse-Normandie toā-khu Orne koān ê chi̍t ê commune.
Tē-lí
Tī Colonard-Corubert ê sì-ûi ū Courcerault, Bellou-sur-Huisne, Mauves-sur-Huisne, Perche-en-Nocé, Saint-Jean-de-la-Forêt, Saint-Maurice-sur-Huisne, Saint-Ouen-de-la-Cour, kap Sérigny téng siâⁿ-chhī he̍k-chiá chng-siā.
Chham-khó
Lūi-pia̍t:Orne ê commune
Certilleux
Certilleux sī ūi-tī Hoat-kok Lorraine toā-khu Vosges koān ê chi̍t ê commune.
Chham-khó
Lūi-pia̍t:Vosges ê commune
Saint-Aunès
Saint-Aunès sī ūi-tī Hoat-kok Languedoc-Roussillon tōa-khu Hérault séng ê chi̍t ê commune.
Tē-lí
Tī Saint-Aunès ê sì-ûi ū Vendargues, Le Crès, Castelnau-le-Lez, Montpellier, Mauguio, kap Baillargues téng siâⁿ-chhī he̍k-chiá chng-siā.
Liân-kiat
Lūi-pia̍t:Hérault ê commune
Vrahovice
Vrahovice sī Chesko chi̍t-ê chng-thâu, sio̍k Olomouc Chiu koán lāi.
Canton Valley (Connecticut)
Canton Valley sī Bí-kok Connecticut chiu Hartford kūn ê chi̍t ê chng-thâu (CDP).
Lūi-pia̍t:Connecticut ê chng-thâu
Mukomuko Koān
Mukomuko sī Ìn-tō͘-nî-se-a Sumatera Bengkulu ê chi̍t ê koān.
Lūi-pia̍t:Bengkulu ê koān
San Fernando (Colombia)
San Fernando sī Colombia Bolívar séng ê chi̍t ê chū-tī-thé.
Liân-kiat
Lūi-pia̍t:Bolívar ê chū-tī-thé
Örtofta
Örtofta sī Sūi-tián Skåne Koān Eslöv Chū-tī-chhī ê chi̍t-ê tē-hng (tätort) siâⁿ-chhī.
Kun-kù Sūi-tián koaⁿ-hong tī 2010 nî ê jîn-kháu phó͘-cha, Örtofta ū 202-ūi ki-bîn.
Hocallı (Yüreğir)
Hocallı sī chi̍t ê tī Türkiye Adana séng Yüreğir koān ê chng-thâu.
Mondragone
Mondragone (Italia-bûn: Comune di Mondragone) sī Italia Campania toā-khu Caserta Séng ê chi̍t ê comune.
Koài-siù Tāi-ha̍k
Kòai-siù Tāi-ha̍k (怪獸大學, Monsters University) sī 2013 nî Pixar chè-chok, Bí-kok ê tōng-ōe tiān-iáⁿ.
Mondragone
Tē-lí
Tī Mondragone ê sì-ûi ū Castel Volturno, Sessa Aurunca, Cancello e Arnone, kap Falciano del Massico téng siâⁿ-chhī he̍k-chiá chng-siā.
Hocallı (Yüreğir)
Chham-khó
Lūi-pia̍t:Adana Séng ê chng-thâu Lūi-pia̍t:Yüreğir
Ji̍t-pún Kok-tō 450-hō
Kok-tō 450-hō (Hàn-jī: 国道450号; Kana: こくどう450ごう) sī chi̍t tiâu Ji̍t-pún ê it-poaⁿ kok-tō.
Sovynka
Sovynka (Ukraina-gí: Совинка) sī chi̍t ê tī Ukraina Kiōng-hô-kok Sumy Chiu Konotop Koān ê chng-thâu (selo).
Chham-khó
Lūi-pia̍t:Sumy Chiu ê chng-thâu
Tolombeh-ye Emanollah Qasemi
Chham-khó
Lūi-pia̍t:Gerash Kūn ê chng-thâu
Ji̍t-pún Kok-tō 450-hō
Keng-kòe ê só͘-chāi
450
Mondragone
Liân-kiat
Lūi-pia̍t:Caserta Séng ê kong-siā
Prychepylivka
Prychepylivka (Ukraina-gí: Причепилівка) sī chi̍t ê tī Ukraina Kiōng-hô-kok Luhansk Chiu Novoaidar Koān ê chng-thâu (selo).
Chham-khó
Lūi-pia̍t:Luhansk Chiu ê chng-thâu
İdemköy (Kozan)
İdemköy sī chi̍t ê tī Türkiye Adana séng Kozan koān ê chng-thâu.
Chham-khó
Lūi-pia̍t:Adana Séng ê chng-thâu Lūi-pia̍t:Kozan (Adana)
Saint-Bauzille-de-la-Sylve
Saint-Bauzille-de-la-Sylve sī ūi-tī Hoat-kok Languedoc-Roussillon tōa-khu Hérault séng ê chi̍t ê commune.
Tē-lí
Tī Saint-Bauzille-de-la-Sylve ê sì-ûi ū Aumelas, Gignac, Popian, Le Pouget, kap Vendémian téng siâⁿ-chhī he̍k-chiá chng-siā.
Chham-khó
Lūi-pia̍t:Hérault ê commune
Tuulna
Tuulna sī chi̍t ê tī Estonia Kiōng-hô-kok Harju Koān Lääne-Harju Kàu-khu ê chng-thâu (küla).
Chham-khó
Lūi-pia̍t:Harju Koān ê chng-thâu Lūi-pia̍t:Lääne-Harju Kàu-khu ê chng-thâu
Chúi-káu
Chúi-káu, mā kiò hái-lông, ia̍h chúi-thoah, sī chi̍t-kóa tòa chúi-ni̍h, kiam chúi-piⁿ ê chhī-leng tōng-bu̍t. Seng-bu̍t-ha̍k ê hun-lūi sī a-kho. Latin-miâ kā hō-chò Lutrinae, lóng-chóng ū 7-ê sio̍k, 13-ê bu̍t-chéng.
Chham-chiàu
Otter Llúdria Vydry Wëdra Dwrgi Oddere Otter Otter Lutro Lutrinae Lutrinae fa:سمور آبی Saukot Loutre Dobharchú Dòbhran Dooarchoo Vidre Vidraformák Berang-berang Lutrinae カワウソ 수달아과 Lutrinae Ūdri Memerang Otters Otrer Loira Wydry Lontra Выдровые Otter Uttrar นาก Видрові Rái cá 水獺
Kartoharjo (Magetan)
Kartoharjo sī Ìn-tō͘-nî-se-a Tang Jawa Séng Magetan Koān ê chi̍t ê hiong (kecamatan).
Chham-khó
Lūi-pia̍t:Tang Jawa ê hiong Lūi-pia̍t:Magetan Koān ê hiong
Brudnów (Łódź Séng)
Brudnów sī chi̍t ê tī Pho-lân Kiōng-hô-kok Łódź Séng Poddębice Kūn Dalików Kong-siā ê chng-thâu.
Chham-khó
Lūi-pia̍t:Poddębice Kūn ê chng-thâu
Romans d'Isonzo
Romans d'Isonzo (Italia-bûn: Comune di Romans d'Isonzo) sī Italia Friuli-Venezia Giulia Tōa-khu Gorizia Séng ê chi̍t-ê comune.
Tē-lí
Tī Romans d'Isonzo ê sì-ûi ū Gradisca d'Isonzo, Mariano del Friuli, San Vito al Torre, Villesse, Medea, kap Campolongo Tapogliano téng siâⁿ-chhī he̍k-chiá chng-siā.
Liân-kiat
Lūi-pia̍t:Gorizia Séng ê kong-siā Lūi-pia̍t:Friuli-Venezia Giulia ê siâⁿ-chhī
Comblot
Comblot sī ūi-tī Hoat-kok Basse-Normandie toā-khu Orne koān ê chi̍t ê commune.
Tē-lí
Tī Comblot ê sì-ûi ū Courgeon, Mauves-sur-Huisne, Le Pin-la-Garenne, kap Réveillon téng siâⁿ-chhī he̍k-chiá chng-siā.
Pùn-kháu-thâng
Pùn-kháu-thâng sī 1 chióng pe̍h-sek ê kià-seⁿ-thâng.
Lūi-pia̍t:Tōng-bu̍t-ha̍k
San Francisco (Antioquia)
San Francisco sī Colombia Antioquia séng ê chi̍t ê chū-tī-thé.
Būdviečiai (Marijampolė)
Būdviečiai sī chi̍t ê tī Lietuva Kiōng-hô-kok Marijampolė Kūn Marijampolė Sasnava Tiúⁿ-ló-khu ê chng-thâu. Chit-ê chng-thâu tī 2011 nî ê sî-chūn ū 34 ê lâng tòa.
中華人民共和國
Lūi-pia̍t:Kok-ka Lūi-pia̍t:Tiong-kok
Būdviečiai (Marijampolė)
Chham-khó
Lūi-pia̍t:Marijampolė Chū-tī-thé ê chng-thâu Lūi-pia̍t:Sasnava Tiúⁿ-ló-khu
Maków Kūn
Makowski Kūn (Pho-lân-bûn: powiat makowski) sī Pho-lân Mazowieckie séng ê chi̍t ê hiuⁿ-siā kūn (powiat ziemskie). Kūn ê ē-kha koh khu-hun chò 10 ê gmina.
Tē-lí
Tī pún só͘-chāi sì-ûi ê tē-hng ū Wyszkowski Kūn, Pułtuski Kūn, Ciechanowski Kūn, Przasnyski Kūn, kap Ostrołęcki Kūn.
Liân-kiat
Lūi-pia̍t:Masovia Séng ê hiuⁿ-siā kūn
Löberöd
Löberöd sī Sūi-tián Skåne Koān Eslöv Chū-tī-chhī ê chi̍t-ê tē-hng (tätort) siâⁿ-chhī.
Kun-kù Sūi-tián koaⁿ-hong tī 2010 nî ê jîn-kháu phó͘-cha, Löberöd ū 1127-ūi ki-bîn.
Chham-khó
Lūi-pia̍t:Sūi-tián ê siâⁿ-chhī Lūi-pia̍t:Skåne Koān ê siâⁿ-chhī
Gû-sái-ku
Gû-sái-ku sī 1 chióng kim-ku.
Spadshchyna (selo)
Chham-khó
Lūi-pia̍t:Sumy Chiu ê chng-thâu
Kuznetsovo-Mykhailivka
Kuznetsovo-Mykhailivka (Ukraina-gí: Кузнецово-Михайлівка) sī chi̍t ê tī Ukraina Kiōng-hô-kok Donetsk Chiu Telmanove Koān ê chng-thâu (selo).
Chham-khó
Lūi-pia̍t:Donetsk Chiu ê chng-thâu
Courtillers
Courtillers sī ūi-tī Hoat-kok Pays de la Loire toā-khu Sarthe koān ê chi̍t ê commune.
Tē-lí
Tī Courtillers ê sì-ûi ū Sablé-sur-Sarthe, Vion, Pincé, kap Précigné téng siâⁿ-chhī he̍k-chiá chng-siā.
Kang-gia̍p Kek-bēng
Kang-gia̍p Kek-bēng, ia̍h Sán-gia̍p Kek-bēng, sī 18 kàu 19 sè-kí tùi Eng-kok khai-sí ê lông-gia̍p, chè-chō-gia̍p, khòng-gia̍p, ūn-su-gia̍p ê kek-sin. Tī chit-ê sî-kî, siā-hōe keng-chè kap bûn-hòa ū chin-toā ê piàn-tōng.
Mûi-thòaⁿ chāi chit tōaⁿ sî-kî chiām-chiām chhú-tāi bo̍k-chhâi kap kî-tha thoân-thóng jiân-liāu. Í chiū-gia̍p lâi kóng, chit-chō-gia̍p tī hit-tong-sî chin phó-phiàn, mā sī chá-kî hiān-tāi-hòa seng-sán ê tāi-piáu.
Lūi-pia̍t:Au-chiu ê le̍k-sú
Sainte-Feyre-la-Montagne
Sainte-Feyre-la-Montagne sī ūi-tī Hoat-kok Limousin tōa-khu Creuse séng ê chi̍t-ê commune.
Tē-lí
Tī Sainte-Feyre-la-Montagne ê sì-ûi ū Moutier-Rozeille, Néoux, kap Saint-Frion téng siâⁿ-chhī he̍k-chiá chng-siā.
Gōa-pō͘ liân-kiat
Lūi-pia̍t:Creuse ê commune
Świerże-Kiełcze
Chham-khó
Lūi-pia̍t:Ostrów Mazowiecka Kūn ê chng-thâu
Cantu Addition (Texas)
Cantu Addition sī Bí-kok Texas chiu Brooks kūn ê chi̍t ê chng-thâu (CDP).
Jîn-kháu
Chit ūi tī 2010 nî ê jîn-kháu-sò͘ sī 188 lâng.
Lūi-pia̍t:Texas ê chng-thâu
Brudzew (Łódź Séng)
Brudzew sī chi̍t ê tī Pho-lân Kiōng-hô-kok Łódź Séng Sieradz Kūn Błaszki Kong-siā ê chng-thâu.
Chham-khó
Lūi-pia̍t:Sieradz Kūn ê chng-thâu
Orta di Atella
Orta di Atella (Italia-bûn: Comune di Orta di Atella) sī Italia Campania toā-khu Caserta Séng ê chi̍t ê comune.
Chamagne
Chamagne sī ūi-tī Hoat-kok Lorraine toā-khu Vosges koān ê chi̍t ê commune.
Orta di Atella
Tē-lí
Tī Orta di Atella ê sì-ûi ū Marcianise, Succivo, Gricignano di Aversa, Sant'Arpino, Frattaminore, Caivano, kap Crispano téng siâⁿ-chhī he̍k-chiá chng-siā.
Liân-kiat
Lūi-pia̍t:Caserta Séng ê kong-siā
Chamagne
Tē-lí
Tī Chamagne ê sì-ûi ū Saint-Germain, Charmes, Socourt, Gripport, Bainville-aux-Miroirs, kap Villacourt téng siâⁿ-chhī he̍k-chiá chng-siā.
Kasembon (Malang)
Kasembon sī Ìn-tō͘-nî-se-a Tang Jawa Séng Malang Koān ê chi̍t ê hiong (kecamatan).
Chham-khó
Lūi-pia̍t:Tang Jawa ê hiong Lūi-pia̍t:Malang Koān ê hiong
Chamagne
Liân-kiat
Lūi-pia̍t:Vosges ê commune
Üksnurme
Üksnurme sī chi̍t ê tī Estonia Kiōng-hô-kok Harju Koān Saku Kàu-khu ê chng-thâu (küla).
Pak Bengkulu Koān
Lūi-pia̍t:Bengkulu ê koān
Ronchi dei Legionari
Ronchi dei Legionari (Italia-bûn: Comune di Ronchi dei Legionari) sī Italia Friuli-Venezia Giulia Tōa-khu Gorizia Séng ê chi̍t-ê comune.
Tē-lí
Tī Ronchi dei Legionari ê sì-ûi ū Doberdò del Lago, San Canzian d'Isonzo, San Pier d'Isonzo, Fogliano Redipuglia, Monfalcone, kap Staranzano téng siâⁿ-chhī he̍k-chiá chng-siā.
Liân-kiat
Lūi-pia̍t:Gorizia Séng ê kong-siā Lūi-pia̍t:Friuli-Venezia Giulia ê siâⁿ-chhī
Ji̍t-pún Kok-tō 451-hō
Kok-tō 451-hō (Hàn-jī: 国道451号; Kana: こくどう451ごう) sī chi̍t tiâu Ji̍t-pún ê it-poaⁿ kok-tō.
Baqerabad (Minudasht)
Baqerabad (Pho-su-gí: باقراباد) sī chi̍t ê tī Iran Islam Kiōng-hô-kok Golestan Séng Minudasht Kūn Tiong-iong Koān Chehel Chay Hiong ê chng-thâu. Tī 2006 nî phó͘-cha ê sî-chūn, chit-ê chng-thâu ū 74 ê lâng tòa, chóng-kiōng ū 21 hō͘ jîn-ke.
Spartak (Nedryhailiv Koān)
Spartak (Ukraina-gí: Спартак) sī chi̍t ê tī Ukraina Kiōng-hô-kok Sumy Chiu Nedryhailiv Koān ê chng-thâu (selo).
Chham-khó
Lūi-pia̍t:Sumy Chiu ê chng-thâu
Kyrylivka (Nikolske Koān)
Chham-khó
Lūi-pia̍t:Donetsk Chiu ê chng-thâu
Saint-Bauzille-de-Montmel
Saint-Bauzille-de-Montmel sī ūi-tī Hoat-kok Languedoc-Roussillon tōa-khu Hérault séng ê chi̍t ê commune.
Tē-lí
Tī Saint-Bauzille-de-Montmel ê sì-ûi ū Montaud, Carnas, Buzignargues, Fontanès, Galargues, Sainte-Croix-de-Quintillargues, Saint-Mathieu-de-Tréviers, kap Vacquières téng siâⁿ-chhī he̍k-chiá chng-siā.
Chham-khó
Lūi-pia̍t:Hérault ê commune
Sa-te-mī
Sa-te-mī (沙茶麵) sī 1 chióng sài sa-te choè tiâu-bī-liāu ê mī, sī Bân-lâm ê ti̍k-sik sió-chia̍h.
Lūi-pia̍t:Mī
İğdebel (Tufanbeyli)
İğdebel sī chi̍t ê tī Türkiye Adana séng Tufanbeyli koān ê chng-thâu.
Chham-khó
Lūi-pia̍t:Adana Séng ê chng-thâu Lūi-pia̍t:Tufanbeyli
Främmestad
Främmestad sī Sūi-tián Västra Götaland Koān Essunga Chū-tī-chhī ê chi̍t-ê tē-hng (tätort) siâⁿ-chhī.
Kun-kù Sūi-tián koaⁿ-hong tī 2010 nî ê jîn-kháu phó͘-cha, Främmestad ū 393-ūi ki-bîn.
Chham-khó
Lūi-pia̍t:Sūi-tián ê siâⁿ-chhī Lūi-pia̍t:Västra Götaland Koān ê siâⁿ-chhī
Lîm Chek-sû
Lîm Chek-sû (林則徐, ), Hok-kiàn Hok-chiu lâng, sī Tiong-kok Boán-chheng sî-hāu ê 1 ê chèng-tī-ka. I tī 1839 nî tī Kńg-tang bu̍t-siu Eng-kok seng-lí-lâng ê A-phiàn chi̍p-tiong huí-bia̍t, Eng-kok-lâng chioh chiah chioh-kháu hoat-tōng A-phiàn Chiàn-cheng.
Hàn-Chōng gí-hē
Hàn-Chōng gí-hē lóng-chóng ū 4-ê gí-cho̍k, in sī: Hàn, Tông-Thài, Miâu-Iâu, Chōng-Bián.
Hàn-Chōng gí-hē tang-tiong kok-chióng gí-giân ê chú-iàu te̍k-tiám sī:
Lūi-pia̍t:Giân-gú
San Francisco (Putumayo)
San Francisco sī Colombia Putumayo séng ê chi̍t ê chū-tī-thé.
Liân-kiat
Lūi-pia̍t:Putumayo ê chū-tī-thé
Champdray
Champdray sī ūi-tī Hoat-kok Lorraine toā-khu Vosges koān ê chi̍t ê commune.
Liân-kiat
Lūi-pia̍t:Vosges ê commune
Crannes-en-Champagne
Crannes-en-Champagne sī ūi-tī Hoat-kok Pays de la Loire toā-khu Sarthe koān ê chi̍t ê commune.
Tē-lí
Tī Crannes-en-Champagne ê sì-ûi ū Brains-sur-Gée, Souligné-Flacé, Tassillé, Vallon-sur-Gée, Auvers-sous-Montfaucon, Chemiré-le-Gaudin, kap Maigné téng siâⁿ-chhī he̍k-chiá chng-siā.
Prydorozhne (Krasnodon Koān)
Prydorozhne (Ukraina-gí: Придорожне) sī chi̍t ê tī Ukraina Kiōng-hô-kok Luhansk Chiu Krasnodon Koān ê chng-thâu (selo).
Crannes-en-Champagne
Chham-khó
Lūi-pia̍t:Sarthe ê commune
Prydorozhne (Krasnodon Koān)
Chham-khó
Lūi-pia̍t:Luhansk Chiu ê chng-thâu
Rejang Lebong Koān
Rejang Lebong sī Ìn-tō͘-nî-se-a Sumatera Bengkulu ê chi̍t ê koān.
Lūi-pia̍t:Bengkulu ê koān
Cantua Creek (California)
Cantua Creek sī Bí-kok California chiu Fresno kūn ê chi̍t ê chng-thâu (CDP).
Jîn-kháu
Chit ūi tī 2010 nî ê jîn-kháu-sò͘ sī 466 lâng.
Kasiman (Bojonegoro)
Kasiman sī Ìn-tō͘-nî-se-a Tang Jawa Séng Bojonegoro Koān ê chi̍t ê hiong (kecamatan).
Chham-khó
Lūi-pia̍t:Tang Jawa ê hiong Lūi-pia̍t:Bojonegoro Koān ê hiong
Cantua Creek (California)
Jîn-kháu
Lūi-pia̍t:California ê chng-thâu
Ji̍t-pún Kok-tō 452-hō
Keng-kòe ê só͘-chāi
452
胡錦濤
Lūi-pia̍t:Tiong-kok chèng-tī jîn-bu̍t
Tolombeh-ye Eskandar Asadi
Tolombeh-ye Eskandar Asadi (Pho-su-gí: تلمبه اسكندراسدي) sī chi̍t ê tī Iran Islam Kiōng-hô-kok Fars Séng Qir kap Karzin Kūn Tiong-iong Koān Mobarakabad Hiong ê chng-thâu.
Chham-khó
Lūi-pia̍t:Qir kap Karzin Kūn ê chng-thâu
Sagrado
Sagrado (Italia-bûn: Comune di Sagrado) sī Italia Friuli-Venezia Giulia Tōa-khu Gorizia Séng ê chi̍t-ê comune.
Tē-lí
Tī Sagrado ê sì-ûi ū Farra d'Isonzo, Gradisca d'Isonzo, Savogna d'Isonzo, Doberdò del Lago, kap Fogliano Redipuglia téng siâⁿ-chhī he̍k-chiá chng-siā.
Liân-kiat
Lūi-pia̍t:Gorizia Séng ê kong-siā Lūi-pia̍t:Friuli-Venezia Giulia ê siâⁿ-chhī
Malbork Kūn
Malborski Kūn (Pho-lân-bûn: powiat malborski) sī Pho-lân Pomorskie séng ê chi̍t ê hiuⁿ-siā kūn (powiat ziemskie). Kūn ê ē-kha koh khu-hun chò 6 ê gmina.
Tē-lí
Tī pún só͘-chāi sì-ûi ê tē-hng ū Gdański Kūn.
Liân-kiat
Lūi-pia̍t:Pomerania Séng ê hiuⁿ-siā kūn
Commeaux
Commeaux sī ūi-tī Hoat-kok Basse-Normandie toā-khu Orne koān ê chi̍t ê commune.
Tē-lí
Tī Commeaux ê sì-ûi ū Montabard, Occagnes, Ri, Rônai, kap Sentilly téng siâⁿ-chhī he̍k-chiá chng-siā.
Chham-khó
Lūi-pia̍t:Orne ê commune
廣西
Lūi-pia̍t:Tiong-kok ê It-kip-hêng-chèng-khu
Świerże-Kończany
Świerże-Kończany sī chi̍t ê tī Pho-lân Kiōng-hô-kok Masovia Séng Ostrów Mazowiecka Kūn Zaręby Kościelne Kong-siā ê chng-thâu.
Chham-khó
Lūi-pia̍t:Ostrów Mazowiecka Kūn ê chng-thâu
Brudzewice (Łódź Séng)
Brudzewice sī chi̍t ê tī Pho-lân Kiōng-hô-kok Łódź Séng Opoczno Kūn Poświętne Kong-siā ê chng-thâu.
Saint-Bauzille-de-Putois
Saint-Bauzille-de-Putois sī ūi-tī Hoat-kok Languedoc-Roussillon tōa-khu Hérault séng ê chi̍t ê commune.
Brudzewice (Łódź Séng)
Chham-khó
Lūi-pia̍t:Opoczno Kūn ê chng-thâu
Saint-Bauzille-de-Putois
Tē-lí
Tī Saint-Bauzille-de-Putois ê sì-ûi ū Agonès, Brissac, Ferrières-les-Verreries, Laroque, Montoulieu, kap Moulès-et-Baucels téng siâⁿ-chhī he̍k-chiá chng-siā.
Liân-kiat
Lūi-pia̍t:Hérault ê commune
Parete
Parete (Italia-bûn: Comune di Parete) sī Italia Campania toā-khu Caserta Séng ê chi̍t ê comune.
Tē-lí
Tī Parete ê sì-ûi ū Giugliano in Campania, Lusciano, Villa Literno, kap Trentola-Ducenta téng siâⁿ-chhī he̍k-chiá chng-siā.
Ióng-kám Thoân-soat
Ióng-kám Thoân-soat (勇敢傳說, Brave) sī 2012 nî Pixar chè-chok, Bí-kok ê tōng-ōe tiān-iáⁿ.
Kyrylivka (Volnovakha Koān)
Chham-khó
Lūi-pia̍t:Donetsk Chiu ê chng-thâu
Spaske (Krolevets Koān)
Spaske (Ukraina-gí: Спаське) sī chi̍t ê tī Ukraina Kiōng-hô-kok Sumy Chiu Krolevets Koān ê chng-thâu (selo).
Chham-khó
Lūi-pia̍t:Sumy Chiu ê chng-thâu
Jonslund
Jonslund sī Sūi-tián Västra Götaland Koān Essunga Chū-tī-chhī ê chi̍t-ê tē-hng (tätort) siâⁿ-chhī.
Kun-kù Sūi-tián koaⁿ-hong tī 2010 nî ê jîn-kháu phó͘-cha, Jonslund ū 293-ūi ki-bîn.
Ilıcaköy (Kozan)
Ilıcaköy sī chi̍t ê tī Türkiye Adana séng Kozan koān ê chng-thâu.
Būriškiai
Būriškiai sī chi̍t ê tī Lietuva Kiōng-hô-kok Marijampolė Kūn Marijampolė Liudvinava Tiúⁿ-ló-khu ê chng-thâu. Chit-ê chng-thâu tī 2011 nî ê sî-chūn ū 22 ê lâng tòa.
Ilıcaköy (Kozan)
Chham-khó
Lūi-pia̍t:Adana Séng ê chng-thâu Lūi-pia̍t:Kozan (Adana)
Būriškiai
Chham-khó
Lūi-pia̍t:Marijampolė Chū-tī-thé ê chng-thâu Lūi-pia̍t:Liudvinava Tiúⁿ-ló-khu
Kun-chú li̍p-hiàn
Kun-chú li̍p-hiān (君主立憲), tio̍h sī ū hiàn-hoat ê ông-kok chè-tō͘, sī chi̍t khóan chèng-tī thé-chè: tī chia, kok-ka ê thâu-lâng sī ông, m̄-koh i bô cho̍at-tùi ê khôan-le̍k; chit-ê ông ê chèng-hú ài chiàu hiàn-hoat lâi kiâⁿ. Ū hiàn-hoat ê ông-kok ê chèng-hú ê thâu-lâng tiāⁿ-tiāⁿ kiò-chò siú-siòng.
Chhin-chhiūⁿ Pe̍k-ní-gī, Ji̍t-pún, Kampuchea, Hô-lân, Liân-ha̍p Ông-kok, Se-pan-gâ, Thài-kok lóng sī ū hiàn-hoat ê ông-kok.
Chham-khó
Monarchia
Hô-lân (tē-tài)
Hô-lân (Holland) sī Hô-lân ê 1 ê só·-chāi, goân-pún sī Hô-lân ê 1 ê séng, 1840 nî hun chòe 2 ê séng, Pak Hô-lân kap Lâm Hô-lân.
Lūi-pia̍t:Hô-lân
Champ-le-Duc
Champ-le-Duc sī ūi-tī Hoat-kok Lorraine toā-khu Vosges koān ê chi̍t ê commune.
Tē-lí
Tī Champ-le-Duc ê sì-ûi ū Laval-sur-Vologne, Laveline-devant-Bruyères, Beauménil, Bruyères, kap Fiménil téng siâⁿ-chhī he̍k-chiá chng-siā.
Chham-khó
Lūi-pia̍t:Vosges ê commune
Ülejõe (Anija Kàu-khu)
Ülejõe sī chi̍t ê tī Estonia Kiōng-hô-kok Harju Koān Anija Kàu-khu ê chng-thâu (küla).
Chham-khó
Lūi-pia̍t:Harju Koān ê chng-thâu Lūi-pia̍t:Anija Kàu-khu ê chng-thâu
Cantwell (Alaska)
Cantwell sī Bí-kok Alaska chiu Denali kūn ê chi̍t ê chng-thâu (CDP).
Jîn-kháu
Chit ūi tī 2010 nî ê jîn-kháu-sò͘ sī 219 lâng.
Lūi-pia̍t:Alaska ê chng-thâu
Cré
Cré sī ūi-tī Hoat-kok Pays de la Loire toā-khu Sarthe koān ê chi̍t ê commune.
Tē-lí
Tī Cré ê sì-ûi ū Bazouges-sur-le-Loir, Fougeré, Saint-Quentin-lès-Beaurepaire, kap La Flèche téng siâⁿ-chhī he̍k-chiá chng-siā.
Chham-khó
Lūi-pia̍t:Sarthe ê commune
Bân-pak-gí
Bân-pak-gú (閩北語, Mâing-bă̤-ngṳ̌) sī 1 chióng Bân-gí, kòng chiah oē ê lâng chú-iàu hun-pò͘ tī Hok-kiàn-séng ê Lâm-pêng, pau-koat Lâm-bêng chhī-khu, Kiàn-au-chhī, Bú-î-soaⁿ-chhī, Siông-khe-koān, Chèng-hô-koān, Phó͘-siâⁿ-koān kap Sūn-chhiong-koān.
Seluma Koān
Seluma sī Ìn-tō͘-nî-se-a Sumatera Bengkulu ê chi̍t ê koān.
Lūi-pia̍t:Bengkulu ê koān
Baqerabad (Ramian)
Baqerabad (Pho-su-gí: باقراباد) sī chi̍t ê tī Iran Islam Kiōng-hô-kok Golestan Séng Ramian Kūn Tiong-iong Koān Qaleh Miran Hiong ê chng-thâu. Tī 2006 nî phó͘-cha ê sî-chūn, chit-ê chng-thâu ū 246 ê lâng tòa, chóng-kiōng ū 67 hō͘ jîn-ke.
Ji̍t-pún Kok-tō 453-hō
Kok-tō 453-hō (Hàn-jī: 国道453号; Kana: こくどう453ごう) sī chi̍t tiâu Ji̍t-pún ê it-poaⁿ kok-tō.
Keng-kòe ê só͘-chāi
453
Baqerabad (Ramian)
Chham-khó
Lūi-pia̍t:Ramian Kūn ê chng-thâu
San Canzian d'Isonzo
San Canzian d'Isonzo (Italia-bûn: Comune di San Canzian d'Isonzo) sī Italia Friuli-Venezia Giulia Tōa-khu Gorizia Séng ê chi̍t-ê comune.
Tē-lí
Tī San Canzian d'Isonzo ê sì-ûi ū Fiumicello, Grado, Ronchi dei Legionari, Staranzano, San Pier d'Isonzo, kap Turriaco téng siâⁿ-chhī he̍k-chiá chng-siā.
Liân-kiat
Lūi-pia̍t:Gorizia Séng ê kong-siā Lūi-pia̍t:Friuli-Venezia Giulia ê siâⁿ-chhī
Bân-tiong-gí
Bân-tiong-gí (閩中語) sī 1 chióng Bân-gí ê giân-gú, kòng chiah oē ê lâng chú-iàu hun-pò͘ tī Hok-kiàn-séng Sam-bêng ê chhī-khu, Éng-an-chhī kap Soa-koān.
Saint-Éloi (Creuse)
Saint-Éloi sī ūi-tī Hoat-kok Limousin tōa-khu Creuse séng ê chi̍t-ê commune.
Tē-lí
Tī Saint-Éloi ê sì-ûi ū Azat-Châtenet, La Chapelle-Taillefert, Janaillat, Sardent, Saint-Christophe, kap Saint-Victor-en-Marche téng siâⁿ-chhī he̍k-chiá chng-siā.
Gōa-pō͘ liân-kiat
Lūi-pia̍t:Creuse ê commune
Kyselivka (Amvrosiivka Koān)
Kyselivka (Ukraina-gí: Киселівка) sī chi̍t ê tī Ukraina Kiōng-hô-kok Donetsk Chiu Amvrosiivka Koān ê chng-thâu (selo).
Chham-khó
Lūi-pia̍t:Donetsk Chiu ê chng-thâu
Brutus (Łódź Séng)
Chham-khó
Lūi-pia̍t:Pajęczno Kūn ê chng-thâu
Prykhodkivka
Prykhodkivka (Ukraina-gí: Приходьківка) sī chi̍t ê tī Ukraina Kiōng-hô-kok Luhansk Chiu Bilokurakyne Koān ê chng-thâu (selo).
Chham-khó
Lūi-pia̍t:Luhansk Chiu ê chng-thâu
Kasreman (Ngawi)
Kasreman sī Ìn-tō͘-nî-se-a Tang Jawa Séng Ngawi Koān ê chi̍t ê hiong (kecamatan).
Nossebro
Nossebro sī Sūi-tián Västra Götaland Koān Essunga Chū-tī-chhī ê chi̍t-ê tē-hng (tätort) siâⁿ-chhī.
Kun-kù Sūi-tián koaⁿ-hong tī 2010 nî ê jîn-kháu phó͘-cha, Nossebro ū 1846-ūi ki-bîn.