cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
I-carbon
I-Carbon yikhemikhali ebaluleke kakhulu, enecsimboli yekhemikhali engu-C. Yonke  into ephilayo emHlabeni ivela kuyo. I-Carbon inenombolo ye-atomic mass engu-12 kwane-atomic number engu-6. Intsingiselo yayo i-nonmetal, into ethetha ukuthi ayiyo-metal.
Rhulumente
Imbali
Uphuhliso lwezolimo kunye neeprojekhthi zolawulo lwamanzi zazingunobangela wophuhliso loorhulumente. Ngamaxesha athile inkosi yesizwe yayinyulwa ngezithethe ezahlukeneyo okanye kuvavanyo lwamandla okulawula isizwe sayo, ngamanye amaxesha neqela labadala besizwe njengebhunga. Ukukwazi kwabantu ukunxibelelana ngokuchanekileyo, ulwazi olufundileyo luvumele abantu ukuba basebenze ngakumbi kwezolimo, [6] kwaye oko kuvumele ukwanda kwabantu okuxineneyo. [3] UDavid Christian uchaza ukuba oku kukhokelele njani kwizizwe ezinemithetho noorhulumente.
I-carbon
Ibaluleke ngantoni?
I-Carbon, i-hydrogen, i-nitrogen, i-oxygen, nezinye ii-elements ezifana ne-sulfur ne-phosphorus xa zizonke zizo ezenza i-life emhlabeni (jonga i-Organic chemistry noludwe lwee-elements ezibalulekileyo kwi-ologically). I-Carbon yenza inani  leorganic compounds elikhulu kakhulu kuba kuba iyakwazi ukwenza unxulumano olumandla nezinye ii-elements. ngenxa yesixa se-carbon esikwizinto eziphefumlayo, zonke ke ngoko zithathwa njengezinto ezibomi bazo busekwe kwi-carbon. Kananjalo, i-carbon atom nganye iyakwazi ukwenza ii-covalent bonds ezine. Ii-carbon  atoms ezininzi zixhumana nee-hydrogen atoms ukuze zenze i-plastic. Kananjalo, i-Carbon kukuphela kwe-element engenza into efana netyathanga lee-molecules elide. Xa i-iron ithe yatshiswa ne-carbon, kwenzeka  i-steel esomeleleyo.
Rhulumente
Imbali
Ukuqala ekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-17, ukuxhaphaka kweeriphabliki zoorhulumente kwanda. I- Glorious Revolution eNgilani, i- American Revolution kunye ne- French Revolution yaba negalelo ekukhuleni kweentlobo zoburhulumente. ISoviet Union yaba lilizwe lokuqala elikhulu ukuba norhulumente wamaKomanisi. [2] Ukusukela oko kwawa udonga lwaseBerlin, inkululeko yenkululeko yaba yeyona ndlela ixhaphakileyo kurhulumente. [7]
I-carbon
I-Etymology- Imvelaphi yegama
Igama le-carbon livela kwisiLatin kwigama elithi carbo, gama elo lithetha ukuthi charcoal. Kwiilwimi ngeelwimi amagama athi carbon,  amalatye kunye ne-charcoal azizithetha nto nye.
Iintlobo ze-carbon
Ngokwendalo i-carbon ifumaneka ngeendlela ezintathu ezibizwa ngokuba  zii-allotropes: i-diamond, i-graphite, kunye ne-fullerenes. I-Graphite, inodongwe, ifumaneka kwii-pensile zokubhala. Ithambe kakhulu. Ii-carbon atoms zenza izazinge kwalapha kuzo, ezi zazinge zibelekene enye esinye siphezu kwesinye kwaye zikekela lula. Ii-dayimani zezona mineral.zendalo eziqine kakhulu. I-Fullerenes zii-carbon ezikumila  okwe"bhola yesoka". Ziyathandwa kakhulu kwi-science. I-allotrope okanye kwiindlela ezahlukeneyo emile ngayo i-carbon kukho le inomahluko, ime okomcu ebizwa ngokuba yi-carbon nanotube. Ii-Carbon nanotubes zomelele kakhulu, ngoko ke zinokusetyenziswa kwi-armor. Ii-Nanotubes zingabaluleka kwi-nanotechnology. Zizizigidi ezili-10 ezaziwa ngokuba zii-carbon compounds.
Rhulumente
Imbali
Kwinkulungwane yeshumi elinesithoba neyamashumi amabini, kwabakho ukonyuka okubonakalayo kubungakanani kunye nomgangatho woburhulumente kwinqanaba lesizwe. [8] Oku kubandakanya umgaqo wokudibana kwamashishini kunye nophuhliso lombuso wentlalontle. [7]
I-carbon
IKhemestri ye-carbon
Lonke uhlobo lweKhemestri, lwe-organic Khemestri, lumalunga ne-carbon kunye nee-compounds zayo. I-Carbon yenza iintlobo ezininzi zee-compounds. I-Hydrocarbons zii-molecules ezine-carbon kunye ne-hydrogen. I-Methane, i-Propane, nezinye iintlobo ze-fuels okanye zamafutha azii-hydrocarbons. Uninzi lwezinto ezisetyenziswa ngabantu mihla le zizii-organic compounds.
Rhulumente
Ukwahlulahlula
Kwinzululwazi yezopolitiko, bekusoloko kuyinjongo yokwenza itypology okanye uqoqosho lwerhafu, njengoko iinkqubo zenkqubo yezopolitiko zingabonakali. Kubaluleke ngokukodwa kwicandelo lezenzululwazi zopolitiko kwezopolitiko xa kuthelekiswa nakubudlelwane bamazwe. Njengazo zonke iindidi ezichongiweyo ngaphakathi kweendlela zikarhulumente, imida yokwahlulwa kukarhulumente nokuba kungamanzi okanye akuchazwa gwenxa.
I-carbon
Ifumaneka phi i-carbon?
I-Carbon ifumaneka kwiindawo ezininzi apha emhlabeni. Yaqala yenziwa kwiinkwenkwezi zakudala. I-Carbon yi-element yesine ukuxhaphaka elangeni. Phantse yonke i-atmosphere ye-Mars iyi-Carbon dioxide.
I-Carbon ibalulekile emzimbeni womntu kunye nezinye izinto eziphilayo, kwaye iyi-element yesibini exhaphakileyo emzimbeni womntu, nge-23% yabo bonke ubunzima bomntu. Ikwa sesona sitshixo see-molecules kwizinto ezinobomi   (ii-molecules ezisebenza kwizinto eziphilayo).
Rhulumente
Ukwahlulahlula
Ukuchonga uhlobo lukarhulumente nako kunzima kuba iinkqubo ezininzi zopolitiko zivela njengemibutho yezentlalo nezoqoqosho ethi isiwe koorhulumente ngamaqela azibiza ngaloo mibutho; yonke ikhuphisana ngeembono zopolitiko. Amava ngalemibutho xa zisesihlalweni, kunye namaqhina aqinileyo abanokuba nawo kwiindlela ezithile zikarhulumente, kunokubangela ukuba bathathwe njengeendlela zikarhulumente kubo.
I-carbon
Ifumaneka phi i-carbon?
Uninzi lwe-carbon lufumaneka emHlabeni ngamalahle. I-Graphite yona ifumaneka kwiindawo ezomileyo (ezifana kanye nentlango), eziquka i-Sri Lanka, i-Madagascar, kwakunye ne-Russia. Idayimani inqabile kwaye ifumaneka kakhulu e-Africa. I-Carbon ikwafumaneka kwezinye ii-meteorites.
Rhulumente
Ukwahlulahlula
Ezinye iingxaki zibandakanya ukungavumelani ngokubanzi okanye " ukugqwetha okanye ukukhetha " ngabom kweenkcazo zobugcisa ezifanelekileyo kwiingcamango zezopolitiko kunye neendlela zokulawula, ngenxa yobume bezopolitiko kwixesha langoku. Umzekelo: Intsingiselo "ye- conservatism " e- United States ayinanto ininzi ifanayo nendlela inkcazo yegama esetyenziswa ngayo kwenye indawo. Njengokuba esitsho uRibuffo, "oko abantu baseMelika ngoku bakubiza ngokuba yi-conservatism uninzi lwehlabathi lubiza inkululeko okanye ubungqangi "; " olondolozayo " eFinland uya kubizwa ngokuba " ngusoshiyali " eMelika. Ukusukela ngeminyaka yoo-1950 i-Conservatism e-United States ibinxulumene ikakhulu ne- Republican Party. Nangona kunjalo, ngexesha leyantlukwano uninzi lwamaDemokhrasi aseMazantsi ayengabantu abalondolozayo, kwaye badlala indima ebalulekileyo kwi- Conservative Coalition eyayilawula iCongress ukusuka ngo-1937 ukuya ku-1963.
Iintlobo
Enye indlela yokwahlula oorhulumente ngabantu apho banegunya lokulawula. Oku kunokuba ngumntu omnye (i-autocracy, enjenge-monarchy), iqela elikhethiweyo labantu (i-aristocracy), okanye abantu bebonke (idemokhrasi, njengeriphabliki).
Ukuzimela geqe yinkqubo yorhulumente apho amandla aphezulu egxilwe ezandleni zomntu omnye, izigqibo zakhe ziphantsi kothintelo olusemthethweni lwangaphandle okanye iindlela ezenziwa rhoqo zolawulo oludumileyo (ngaphandle kwesoyikiso sobhukuqo- mbuso okanye ubunzima Uqhushululu ).
Ulawulo lwentando yesininzi
Uninzi lwee monarchies lwaluzizidwangube, nangona kwimimandla yomgaqo-siseko yanamhlanje inkosi ngokwayo inamandla amancinci. Igama elithi aristocracy linokubhekisa nakubantu abangabalimi, abangabasebenzi, nabangengabo abedolophu kwinkqubo ye-feudal.
Idemokhrasi
Idemokhrasi yinkqubo karhulumente apho abemi basebenzisa amandla ngokuvota. Kwidemokhrasi ethe ngqo, abemi bebonke benza iqumrhu elilawulayo kwaye bavote ngokuthe ngqo kumba ngamnye. Kwidemokhrasi emele abemi bonyula abameli phakathi kwabo. Aba bameli badibana ukwenza ibhunga lolawulo, njengendlu yowiso -mthetho. Kwidemokhrasi yomgaqo -siseko amandla esininzi ayasetyenziswa ngaphakathi kwesakhelo sedemokhrasi emele, kodwa umgaqo-siseko umisela umda uninzi kwaye ukhusele abambalwa, ngesiqhelo ngokuzonwabisa ngawo onke amalungelo athile, umzekelo inkululeko yenkululeko yokuthetha, okanye inkululeko yokuzibandakanya.
Iiriphabliki
Iriphabliki luhlobo lukarhulumente apho ilizwe lithathwa "njengemicimbi yoluntu" (ngesiLatin: res publica ), hayi inkxalabo yabucala okanye ipropathi yabalawuli, nalapho iiofisi zamazwe zikhethwa ngokuthe ngqo okanye ngokungathanga ngqo okanye zichongwe endaweni Ilifa. Abantu, okanye isahlulo esithile sabo, banegunya lokulawula urhulumente nalapho iiofisi zikarhulumente zinyulwa okanye zikhethwe ngabantu abanyuliweyo. Inkcazo eqhelekileyo elula yeriphabliki ngurhulumente apho intloko yelizwe ingenguye inkosi. IMontesquieu ibandakanya zombini idemokhrasi, apho bonke abantu banesabelo kulawulo, kunye neeristocracies okanye ii- oligarchies, apho kuphela abanye abantu belawula, njengeendlela zorhulumente zeriphabhlikhi.
Amanye amagama asetyenziselwa ukuchaza iiriphabliki ezahlukileyo zibandakanya iriphabliki yedemokhrasi, iriphabliki yepalamente, iriphabliki yomongameli, iriphabliki yomongameli, iriphabliki yomanyano, kunye neRiphabhlikhi yamaSilamsi.
I-Federalism
I-Federalism yingcinga yezopolitiko apho iqela lamalungu libotshelelwe kunye ngomnqophiso nentloko yommeli olawulayo. Igama elithi "federalism" likwasetyenziselwa ukuchaza inkqubo karhulumente apho ulawulo luhlulwe ngokomgaqo-siseko phakathi kwegunya elilawulayo eliphambili kunye neeyunithi zezopolitiko, ezahlukeneyo ezibizwa ngokuba ngamaphondo, amaphondo okanye enye indlela. I-Federalism yinkqubo esekwe kwimigaqo yedemokhrasi kunye namaziko apho amandla okulawula ekwabelwana ngawo phakathi kozwelonke kunye noorhulumente bamaphondo / oorhulumente, besenza oko kubizwa ngokuba ngumanyano. Abaxhasi bahlala bebizwa ngokuba ngama- federalists.
Iinkqubo zoqoqosho
Ngokwembali, uninzi lweenkqubo zopolitiko zavela njengeengcinga zentlalo noqoqosho. Amava ngaloo ntshukumo yasemandleni kunye namaqhina aqinileyo abanokuba nawo kwiindlela ezithile zikarhulumente kunokubangela ukuba bathathwe njengeendlela zikarhulumente kubo. Iimpawu ezithile eziphambili zichaza iintlobo ezithile; ezinye ngokwembali zinxulunyaniswa neentlobo ezithile zikarhulumente.
Ukuzimela
Olu luhlu lujolise kwiindlela ezahlukileyo ezenziwa ziinkqubo zopolitiko kusasazo lolawulo, kunye nokuzimela kwemimandla ngaphakathi kurhulumente.
Dundonald, Mpumalanga
Dundonald yidolophu encinci efumaneka kwilixa lakwa Gert Sibande District Municipality, Mpumalanga, eMzantsi Afrika.
Diepgezet
Diepgezet yidolophu encinci efumaneka kwilixa lakwa Gert Sibande District Municipality, Mpumalanga, eMzantsi Afrika.
I-Mercury
Uphawu oluthiHg lumele igama layo lesiLatini isiGreki i-hydrargyrum, elintsingiselo yalo ibhekiselele kwinto ebumanzi okanye emanzi isilivere.
Bettysgoed
Bettysgoed yidolophu encinci efumaneka kwilixa lakwa Gert Sibande District Municipality, Mpumalanga, eMzantsi Afrika.
Izdegerdes (General)
Izdegerdes (Greek: Ιζδεγερδές) kwaba ngenkulungwane yesithandathu Sassanid ezisemthethweni, esebenzayo phantsi shah Cavades I. Ngokutsho kuZekariya buciko, yena ngumtshana ka a vitaxa. Izdegerdes ivela 531, ngoxa omi Arzanene kunye Gadar, nabamahashe bakhe 700. Apho, ukuba bahlaselwa luKhuphiswano lweTshawe neTshawekazi kweMilambo Bessas, abatshabalalisa umkhosi wasePersi yaye wayithimba Izdegerdes, ngubani wasiwa Martirópolis. Xa ukuziphindiselela, Cavades Cavades wayalela Aspebedes, Chanaranges kunye Mermeroes sitiassem Martirópolis.
Edirne
Edirne eyaziwa ngokuba Adrianople; eyasekwa baseRoma bekumkani uHadrian kwicala lendawo yokuhlala iTracacian ebizwa ngegama elithi Uskudama), sisixeko esikumantla ntshona iTurki IPhondo lase-Edirne, kufutshane neTurkiya imida neGriki ​​kunye iBulgaria. U-Edirne wasebenza njengedolophu yesithathu yedolophu yeUbukhosi base-Ottoman ukusuka ngo-1369 ukuya ku-1453, ngaphambi  IConstantinople (yanamhlanje Istanbul)  yaba ikomkhulu lesine nobukumkani bokugqibela phakathi kowe-1453 nowe-1922. Inani labemi besixeko liqikelelwa ngonyaka ka-2014 ibingama-165,979.
Diepdale
Diepdale yidolophu encinci efumaneka kwilixa lakwa Gert Sibande District Municipality, Mpumalanga, eMzantsi Afrika.
Ujiko lokutsala isiciko sewayini
I-corkscrew sisixhobo esisetyenziswa ukuvula ibhotile yeveyn. Ifakwa kwi-cork kuze kutsalwe ngayo isiciko sitsho sithi bhoncu siphume kwibhotile yewayini. Amajiko okutsala isiciko sewayini ayafunekaare kuba ayikho enye indlela enokutsala esi siciko.
Clements Kadalie
Clements Kadalie (Nge-Epreli 1896 ukuya kowe-1951) wayeyinkokeli yomZantsi Afrika wokuqala obhinqileyo imanyano yabasebenzi.
Iziduko zethu
Bamba : Krila, Thangane, Bhodlinja, Mbombo. Rhasu, Gushu.
Bangula : Dumba kaNobangula Bhelu Hlaselo Mthithi Sajiji Nkunta Khiwayo Mabengel'entsikeni ngenxa yoswel'umbambeli Mcwane Makhwenkwe Magqab'akadliwa adliwa zibhokwe zona ziwadla ziwakhetha Sihlobo sikaBhala
Bhatshe><\: mbukhwana, mphanya, nodudumba, xhwili, ubhisi kampuku, noncum'ukuhleka,isikhuni somthathi siqhutuwa singeva, mfazi obele lide phesheya komlanjana
Bhayi : UKhetshe. Inyok' emnyam' ecand' isiziba nkonjane emnyama ebhabha emafini umeva omhlopho abeSuthu abayinxal'nye yakwa xhosa
Bhedla: Bhedla ka Mpulana Mnqabe,Ndimande,Mtshoni,Khanju, uNondiza,Mbingwa ,uBhalis’abeNguni ngentololwane, Ishlahla sesundu esithi sigawulwa sibe sihluma, umth’ontsingalala phezu komlambo umdumbi, mlambo awuwelwa uwelwa zintaka kuphela ngoba zona zinamaphiko, mntu womlambo.
Bhele : Dlambulo, Nomane, Novaphi, Nozicolane, Zinuka, Ntsundwana, Msundul' omnye emva kwendlebe: ingaba mibini wafika nonina. Ntshangase, Mlomane, Mbikazi. Abangawudl' umbilini wenkomo, abadl' owenyamazana. AbakwaNontanda kuphakanyiswa. Kungavuthw' ilitye kusal' iBhele. Khonzani nigoduka ningathinjwa lithambo lasemzini. Sisigubudu esagubuda, sawufak' umkhala, sawudontsa, sanga singawudabula. NguGid' amakhwaba emva kwezindlu zakowabo. NgooPhungela ziyophulana. Ngumfazi oncancisa ephesheya koThukela.
Bhele : Langa, Guda, Nomsingilili, uNtlangothi, uVeza, uZshiyane. KwaNqaba yenkomo. Ngabahlamba ngengcwayi kuba amanzi ayabaguzula. Ngabadabul' umbona bashiy' ukhula ngenxa yolaka. Ngabasembukwas' aph' abantu bazibuka khona. NgooNtitha bathwebule amavila namavilakazi. Ngabakwaziy' ukupha: abaph' esibayeni, endkundleni, entundeleni yebandla; balunguze nje endlwini kanti sebehluthi.
Dzanibe : Nqolo Dzanibe Mahlambahlaletyeni thsayise indathane Ndzabedvolo a bakhibexonya bengaleluki ningayigqabi mbola maNqolo ngoba nibahle kakhulu abantwabahle basemanzini oomahlamba ahlambe ahlaletyeni ngenxa yokel itawuli Nomvalo Mchiza Msuthu Fokoxo Mkhonzi Notloko Nqwaba yemfuyo yeNqolo
Miya : Siyakhuleka kwaMiya. Nina eniphuza udrink abanye bephuza amanzi. Nina enishaya ngoBMW abanye beshaya ngamabhara. Nina boMamamiya.
Mkentane:
Ndima ka Ndelu Thotholo Mzimkhulu Rhoyi Ntanzi Nzimande Masoka Mqokozo onzima
Mvusi|Mchiza|Dzanibe:
Nqolo,Dzanibe,Dzakathane,Mahlambahlaletyeni thsayise indathane ndzabedvolo, a bakhibexonya bengaleluki, ningayigqabi! mbola maNqolo ngoba nibahle kakhulu abantwabahle! abasemanzini oomahlamba ahlambe ahlaletyeni ngenxa yokel tawuli, Mchiza, Msuthu Mvusi,Fokoxo;Mkhonzi,Notloko,Nqwaba yemfuyo yeNqolo!
Mpandla: Mpandla,Tshayingwe Tyibashe,Mbona,Nombamba,Khiphi,Tyhetha!!
Nyawuza : Nyawuza, Faku ofakayo ungathi uyifakile kanti uyikade eboyeni, Yindlana, Dakhile, Thahla kaNdayeni, Hlamba ngobubende amanzi ekhona, Ziqelekazi, Ngqungqushe, Msiza, Ntlwana'ntle, Mbingwa, Ndamase, Matshob'endlovu, Mpondo kaNjanya kaSibiside
Nokutela Dube
UNokutela Dube (1873 - 25 Januwari 1917) wayengumfazi wokuqala wase-Mzantsi Afrika ukuya esikolweni. Ubuye wagxininisa kwiphephandaba I-Ilanga Ele Natala, iZiko le-Ohlange kunye ne-Native Congress (umphathiswa we-Native National Congress) xa wayetshata noJohn Langalibalele Dube. Bobabini baya e-United States, apho uNttela wayechazwa njengomfazi onamava. Usweleke eswelekile umyeni wakhe, owayengumongameli we-African National Congress.
Unyawo alunampumlo
Eliqhalo lithetha ukuthi xa umosha umtu namhlanje ube ucinga awusoze uphinde umbone lonto awuqinesekanga ngayo Kuba kaloku unyawo alijoji
Tschukundu
I-Tschukundu kunye ne-Indlovu zizikhephe ezitsalwayo, ezakhiwe eMzantsi Afrika yi -Farocean Marine ukuyilwa ngabakhi beenqanawa baseDamen iDamen Group. Uyilo lwe-tug lwalusekelwe kwi- Damen Stan Tug 2006. Iinqanawa zinezaphetha ezikhethekileyo zokuphatha iinkwili zoMkhosi waManzi woMzantsi Afrika. Zaziswa ngoFebruwari 2006 kwizibuk lasekhaya laseSimonstown.
I-National Ports Authority yaseMzantsi Afrika ikwasebenzisa i-crane edadayo ebizwa ngokuba yi -Indlovu, ezinze eThekwini.
Isakhono
Isakhono okanye iqhinga kukufunda ukubanakho ukwenza into. Isenokuba kukudlala ngesixhobo somculo okanye ukudlala uhlobo oluthile lomdlalo okanye ukwenza into nje elula efana nokusebenzisa i-corkscrew. Umntu othi ezama ukwenza into abe engaphumeleli kusenokwenzeka okokuba usebenzisa iqhinga elingafanelekanga kuloo nto ayenzayo. Isakhono asilindelekanga ukuba sibe yinto ephathekayo: sisenokubhekisa kuloo ndlela umntu ayivela ngayo ingxaki ethile.
Imizekelo yezakhono nantsi:
Johann Sebastian Bach
UJohann Sebastian Bach (ngoMatshi 21, 1685-Julayi 28, 1750) wayengumqambi wase IJaman i wexesha lamaBaroque. Uthathwa njengenye yeemvumi ezinkulu kwimbali yaseNtshona. UBach wayenempembelelo kubaqambi abanjengoWolfgang Amadeus Mozart, uBeethoven, noWagner, kwaye umculo wakhe uthathwa njengelona lihle kwixesha lakhe. Umculo kaBach waziwa ngobuhle bawo, ubucukubhede, ukuqaqamba kunye namandla. Ngenxa yempumelelo yakhe ebalaseleyo, uhlala ebizwa njengeyona mvumi ibalaseleyo kwimbali yaseNtshona. Umculo weBach uqhelisiwe, uyafundwa kwaye uyonwabele kwihlabathi liphela.
Ibali lobomi
UBach wazalelwa e-Eisenach ngo-1685. Wafundiswa ukudlala ivayolini ngutata wakhe, uJohann Ambrosius, ixilongo lenkundla elalisebenza kwinkosana ye-Eisenach. UBach wayengekabi neminyaka elishumi ubudala ukusweleka kukayise, emshiya eyinkedama. Waya kuhlala kwikhaya lomntakwabo; umntakwabo wayehlala e-Ohrdruf. Ngenxa yelizwi lakhe eligqwesileyo, uBach wafumana umsebenzi kwikhaya leemonki laseMichaelis eLüneberg ngo-1700. Ilizwi lakhe latshintsha emva kwexesha elifutshane, kodwa waqhubeka njengemvumi. Emva kokuthatha umsebenzi okwexeshana eWeimar ngo-1703 njenge-violinist, uBach waba ngumbutho kwi-Neue Kirche e-Arnstadt (1703-1707). Ubudlelwane bakhe nebhunga lecawa babunzima njengoko imvumi eselula yayihlala ingaluhoyi uxanduva lwayo, ikhetha ukuziqhelanisa nelungu. Enye iakhawunti ichaza ikhefu leenyanga ezine elinikezwe uBach, ukuba aye eLubeck apho anokuziqhelanisa nomculo kaDietrich Buxtehude. Wabuyela eArnstadt kwakudala emva kokuba bekulindelwe, ecaphukisa ibhunga. Uye wakhonza ngokufutshane eSt.Blasius eMühlhausen njenge-organist, ukuqala ngoJuni 1707, watshata umzala wakhe, uMaria Barbara Bach, ekwindla. UBach wabhala iToccata yakhe edumileyo kunye neFugue kwi-D encinci (BWV 565) kunye nee-cantata zakhe zokuqala ngelixa wayeseMühlhausen. Emva koko wathatha umsebenzi kwi-Duke yase Sachsen-Weimar ngo-1708, esebenza njengonobumba wenkundla kwaye edlala kwi-okhestra, ekugqibeleni waba yinkokheli yayo ngo-1714. Wabhala iingoma ezininzi ngeli xesha, kuquka no-Orgel-Büchlein. UBach wayishiya iWeimar wafumana umsebenzi ngoDisemba 1717 njengoKapellmeister eCöthen. Ngo-1720, umfazi kaBach wasweleka ngesiquphe, wamshiya nabantwana abane (abanye abathathu basweleka besebusana). Kungekudala emva koko, wadibana nomfazi wakhe wesibini, u-Anna Magdalena Wilcke, owatshata naye ngoDisemba 1721. Wayeza kuzala abantwana abali-13, nangona bebahlanu kuphela abaya kuphila ebuntwaneni. IBrandenburg Concertos (BWV 1046-51) ezintandathu, phakathi kweminye imisebenzi emininzi, isusela kwiminyaka yakhe yaseCöthen. UBach waba nguKantor weSikolo sikaThomas eLeipzig ngoMeyi ngo-1723 kwaye wawugcina lo msebenzi de wasweleka. KwakuseLeipzig apho waqamba uninzi lwee-cantata zakhe. UBach ekugqibeleni akonelisekanga ngulo msebenzi, hayi ngenxa yomvuzo ophantsi kuphela, kodwa nangenxa yemisebenzi enzima kunye nezixhobo ezimbi. Ke ngoko, wamkela eminye imisebenzi, kubandakanya nokuyalela i-Collegium Musicum yesixeko, iqela leemvumi eziqeqeshiweyo kunye nabadlali ababesenza ikonsathi zeveki nganye, ngo-1729. Waphinda waba ngumlawuli womculo kwiNkundla yaseDresden ngo-1736, kwinkonzo kaFrederick Augustus II. Nangona wayenemisebenzi embalwa, wanikwa inkululeko yokwenza into ayifunayo. U-Bach waqala ukuhamba waya eBerlin nge-1740s, hayi kancinci kuba unyana wakhe, uCarl Philipp Emanuel, wayesebenza njengemvumi apho. Ugula ngesifo seswekile, uBach wasweleka ngoJulayi 28, 1750.
UHans Christian Andersen
UHans Christian Andersen (2 uEpreli 1805 - 4 Agasti 1875), wayengumbhali waseDenmark. Amaninzi amaninzi awawubhalayo aguqulelwe ngeziilwimi ezili-125. Amanye amabali akhe adumile aveliswe njengemidrama, idansa ye-ballet kunye namafilimu.
I-diagonal
I-Diagonal luhlobo lomgca ongqale ngendlela ethile. Lo mgca o-diagonal awusuki phezulu, ungasuki ezantsi, kwaye awunqumli (oko kuthetha ukuthi awusuki ngasekhohlo usiya ngasekunene)  Lo ngumngca oqhakamshelanisa okanye oxhumanisa iikona ezimbini ngokokumila kwento leyo kwenziwa kuyo umlinganiselo.
Kwa-mathematika, "i-diagonal" ineentsingiselo ezahlukeneyo. Umzekelo, kwi-jometri i-diagonal nguwo nawuphi na umgca ohamba phakathi kweekona ze-polygon. Ngoko ke i-square sinee-diagonals ezimbini,  ize ke loo imacala mahlanu ukumila ibe nee-diagonals ezintlanu. Lilonke xa sibala i-diagonal sisebenzisa i-formula ethi- [n(n-3)]/2 u-n ke apha linani elidibanisa amacala okumila kwaloo nto kwenziwa kuyo umlinganiselo.
Fenerbahce SK
Fenerbahçe S.k. i football club Turkish of Istanbul. Yasekwa ngo-1907, yenye kwiiklabhu kakhulu football Turkish. Ophumelele lo kwitumente kazwelonke amaxesha elinethoba, Fenerbahçe kuthatha igama basijoyine kunye ohloniphekileyo. bala labo, Fenerbahçe Şükrü Saracoğlu, ukwakweli kwicala Asia komzi.
imbali
Fenerbahçe yasekwa ngaphezu kwekhulu kweli phondo Kadiköy, Istanbul. Abasunguli uMnu Ziya Nurizade Songülen, uMnu Ayetullah kunye noMnu Mr Necip Okaner. Esi siseko Wagcinwa bazimele, ukuze ukufikelela kunqandwe yaye kwakungekho ngxaki nomthetho Ottoman imiqathango. Ngoko emxinwa Kwathi, Sultan Abdulhamit Okwesibini, lakuphelisa ulutsha Turkish ukujoyina club, kungekhona ukuze ulahle ibhola, loo mdlalo kweentsapho IsiNgesi lalo elifana esweni kunye nomona.
Emva kwentlanganiso yokuqala abaseki akhethwe uMnu Ziya Nurizade Songülen njengoko ngumongameli wokuqala. Ayetullah uNobhala kunye noMnu Necip Okaner uSister wathabatha phezu njengoko umphathi omkhulu. I lezinga yokuqala eklabhu yaba osentabeni, leyo yaboniswa Fenerbahce umnqwazi, kwaye imibala yokuqala club emhlophe kunye yellow: umbala ziintyatyambo Narcissus ukuba okwentyatyambo lonke Fenerbahçe peninsula. Le Umfuziselo kunye imibala kwatshintsha ngowe-1910, xa layilwa ngokutsha yi Topuz Hikmet kunye imibala watshintsha ube tyheli mnyama oluhlaza.
Kude kwakho umthetho latshintshwa ngowe-1908, imisebenzi Fenerbahçe kwenzeka emfihlekweni ngokupheleleyo. Noko ke, emva koko umhla, umthetho omtsha ucele ukuba iiklabhu kwakufuneka babhaliswe ukuba ufake emthethweni. Ukususela mhla, iklabhu iye uthathe indawo yawo phakathi iiklabhu eziphambili Turkey ndaza ngakumbi yimpumelelo.
Fenerbahçe Sports Club waquka squad yayo yokuqala football Asaf, Ziya Hasan, Sami, Ayatelluh, Mazhar, Necip Fethi, Galip, Hüseyin, Hasan kunye Nevzat. Eli qela bathatha inxaxheba Istanbul League ngo-1909, kodwa waphumelela yesihloko onyaka ezintathu zokuqala. Xa ixesha lonyaka ka-1912-1913 iqela ebunjwa Ali Said, Galip, Arif, Izzi, Hüseyin, sabri, Hikmet, uthi Sa`d Kamil, Nuri kunye Mico, waphumelela ubuntshatsheli club yokuqala. Yaba league yokuqala ibaluleke ngokwenene yaye iphumelele undefeated kulo lonke le tumente.
uphawu
Topuz Hikmet uchaza ibali Umfuziselo ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
"Emva kokuba utshintsho imibala club emthubi namhlophe ube tyheli mnyama oluhlaza, kwafuneka ukuba ukuhlela Umfuziselo kunye imibala zethu ezintsha. abahlobo bam wandinika lo msebenzi;"
AMADODA AMATHATHU
Ngolunye usuku uthe uLepoqo elee kweleentaba esalusa iinkomo zakowabo nje ngemihla yonke, suka wahliwa bubuthongo walala ngenxeni yesithukuthezi.
Fenerbahce SK
uphawu
Okokuqala, bendizise imibala Yiflegi yethu yesizwe, abomvu namhlophe. Emva koko wasondela simise intliziyo phezu elibomvu wamnika imibala etyheli emnyama blue ngokongeza igqabi oki, nto leyo imele amandla, amandla nokomelela. I wabhala igama club kunye nomhla isiseko phezu inxalenye emhlophe. Xa ukuzoba imifanekiso wethu, ndazama ukunika: a club inkonzo kunye neemvakalelo nentliziyo"
AMADODA AMATHATHU
Iinkomo ezi zakowabo beziyiqhelile kanobom indawo leyo. Ibilidlelo lazo ngeemini ezithile, be ziwazi amacala anengca ende nenencasa. Bezisithi zakufika kwiindawo ezinjalo, ziwise iintloko zazo emhlabeni zikhumathele engceni zingakhathazi.
Fenerbahce SK
uphawu
Uyilo savunywa abahlobo bam omfuziselo yethu entsha yenziwa nge ukukhokelwa Tevfik Haccar, lowo eJamani ebudeni beli xesha. Xa ke sivunyiwe oonobumba yethu entsha, uyilo yayigciniwe, kodwa igama club kwi omfuziselo latshintshelwa 'Fenerbahçe S.k. - 1907'.
Monte Águila
I-Monte Águila (IsiSpain: "intaba yokhozi") isixeko saseChile.
AMADODA AMATHATHU
Ngathi ubesathe ncwaba, waza wathi engenamgqaliselo utheni, wabona kufika kuyo le ndawo akuyo amadoda amathathu. akakhange aphaphame ncam, usuke wasesithubeni wanga uyaphupha, waza ngako oko ke akacacelwa kakuhle ngawo.
Fenerbahce SK
izihloko
ezingazange Champion
AMADODA AMATHATHU
Aye ambuza into awayeyenza kwelo leentaba, uthe walusa iinkomo zakowabo eMenkhoaneng.
Fenerbahce SK
Scorers
Olu luluhlu lwe scorers inkulu ezimbalini kunye neenjongo ubuncinane 162.
AMADODA AMATHATHU
Aambuza nobuntanga abubo, uphendule wathi, uvele kwizithuba zokufika kwalaa madoda mathathu kowabo evela kumaVundle.
UNDP South Africa
Inkqubo yoPhuhliso yeZizwe eziManyeneyo (i-UNDP) eMzantsi Afrika yenye yeeofisi ezili-177 zeNkqubo yoPhuhliso lweZizwe eziManyeneyo kuthungelwano lwehlabathi kwaye ikwikomkhulu leli lizwe iPitoli. Injongo yayo exeliweyo kukuxhobisa ubomi babantu kunye nokunceda izizwe ukuba zomelele kwaye zomelele ngakumbi. Njengenxalenye yeenzame ezibanzi zophuhliso lwe-UNDP, i-ofisi yengingqi inoxanduva lokufezekisa iiNjongo zoPhuhliso oluZinzileyo (i-SDG) eMzantsi Afrika kwaye ixhase urhulumente ukuba enze imigaqo-nkqubo. Iindawo ezithile ekugxilwe kuzo eMzantsi Afrika kukunciphisa indlala, ulawulo lwentando yesininzi ngokunjalo nokusingqongileyo namandla. Ezinye iiprojekthi zophuhliso zijolise kwezemfundo nakuthintelo lwe-HIV / AIDS kunye nonyango, igalelo ekulweni ukungalingani, ukukhuthaza umanyano kwezentlalo kunye nenxaxheba yabemi, izityalo nezilwanyana, amandla azinzileyo nacocekileyo.
AMADODA AMATHATHU
"Zingamayelana neshumi elinesine"
Benedict Wallet Vilakazi
UBenedict Wallet Vilakazi (EyoMqungu 6, 1906 – EyeDwarha 26, 1947) wayeyimbongi yesiZulu yaseMzantsi Afrika, umbhali weenoveli kwanetitshala. Ngo-1946 wafumana iziqu zakhe zobuProfesa (iPh.D), nokwathi kwamenza umntu ontsundu wokuqala waseMzantsi Afrika ukufumana esi sidanga. Ebuntwaneni bakhe wabangumelusi weenkomo zakowabo kwakhona efunda esikolweni seemishinari esasikwingingqi waze waba neminyaka eli-10, apho watshintsha waya kufunda eS.t Francis College eMariannhill Roman Catholic monastery. Apha kwesi sikolo wanikezwa igama lophehlelelo u“Benedict Wallet”, umama wakhe yena wabe efuna angayeki ukubizwa ngefani yakhe u“Vilakazi”, yaqhubeka ke yasetyenziswa ifani yakhe. Wafumana isatifiketi sobutitshala ngo-1923, wafundisa eMariannhill ekuhambeni kwexesha wafundisa kwiseemishinari e-Ixopo.
AMADODA AMATHATHU
Aye ancuma kwakhona, aza athetha odwa esithi, ulungelelanise kakuhle. "Ngubani igama lakho?".
UNDP South Africa
Umlando
Iriphabliki yoMzantsi Afrika yamkela ngokusesikweni ubulungu be-UNDP ngo-1994 kwaye yamkelwa kwibhodi yesigqeba ye-UNDP ngoJanuwari 1998. UMzantsi Afrika ngokusebenzisa iSebe leMicimbi yangaPhandle, ulungelelanisa imisebenzi ye-UNDP. I-UNDP iyabandakanyeka kwiiprojekthi ezininzi eMzantsi Afrika ezijongana namasebe oorhulumente akumbindi kunye nephondo.
Benedict Wallet Vilakazi
Ngo-1933 wakhupha inoveli yakhe yokuqala ethi "Nje nempela" (“Really and Truly”), neyincwadi yokuqala yesiZulu ethetha ngempucuko. Ngo-1935 walandelisa ngethi "Noma nini" nencwadi yemibongo "Inkondlo kaZulu", nekuyimibongo yesiZulu yokuqala eyayineempembelelo zaseNtshona.
AMADODA AMATHATHU
"NdinguLepoqo." "Njengokuba sikubhaqe kule ndawo ulele ubuthongo obulusizi, igama lakho lobuya liguqulwe libange eli likaLepoqo." "Yakha yaphi na intsomi enjalo?" "Yithi cwaka, kuba elo xesha lofika ungasalilindelanga." "Gxebe khanitsho imvelaphi yenu?"
"Sivela ngasentla-mpuma, sisisizukulwana saabaya bantu bakha bema eNtshwana-tsati kwimihla yamandulo."
Esihleliyo sidl'ukuhlala, esiphilayo sesithwethwayo
eli qhalo lithetha ngomfo uBernet George odlala ichess ohlala kwilokishi iKhutsong kwidolophi iCarletonville.
AMADODA AMATHATHU
"Ukuza kuba lapha kwenu, kungasizathu sini na?" "Hayi bethu, sihamba sibona izihlobo." "Nothini ukutsho?" "Noko ke asikhe sikufihlele njengoko usibuzayo."
"Ukuthi cakatha kwethu apha sasindululwe likomkhulu lethu, ukuba masihamba-hambe phakathi kwesizwe esi, ukuze sithi apho sifumana umzi onosana oluyinkwenkwe silulungise ngolwazi esinalo, khon'ukuze kuthi mhla lwakhula luvelele ewongeni lokongama ebuzweni.
UNDP South Africa
Iinkqubo zeOfisi yelizwe
I-ofisi yelizwe ikhupha iimveliso zolwazi ezahlulwe phakathi kweengxelo ezinceda inkqubo-qhinga yokuphumeza inkqubo ye-ofisi yelizwe kunye neengxelo zophando ezijolise ekuncedeni urhulumente *kuphuhliso lomgaqo-nkqubo nasekumiliselweni.
AMADODA AMATHATHU
"Okwenene ke siye sanduluka singenzanga sidelo naphike kwelo lakowethu sisisithathu sala madoda uwabonayo asithi namhla".
"Sathembisa ukuba siyakuqhuba njengoko siyaleziweyo. Sithe sisekufuphi namakhaya, sajongana nomzi omalunga nendlela yethu. sibone kuhhonywe ingcongolo kumnyango wenye yezindlu, saqonda ngokwesiko esibe silazi ukuba olu luphawu oluxela ukuba kukho usana olusandulukuzalwa - kukwamdlezana. Sithe sakuba sicele ukuphambuka singene, indlu yavungama yonke saphekuzwa ngamandla izwi lisithi, "kukwamdlezana apha akungenwa."
UNDP South Africa
Iinkqubo zeOfisi yelizwe
Iingxelo zenkqubo:
Benedict Wallet Vilakazi
Emva kokufumana iB.A yakhe ngo-1934, waqala ukusebenzela isebe lezifundo zeBantu kwiDyunivesithi yaseWitswatersrand ngo-1936 ephethwe yingcali yolwimi uC.M Doke owenza isichazi-magama esiqulethe isiZulu nesiNgesi. Ukubayititshala kukaVilakazi kwakhokela ekubeni abe ngontsundu wokuqala ukufundisa abamhlophe baseMzantsi Afrika edyunivesithi.
Iincwadi zikaVilakazi zaqhubeka nokubonisa ubomi bamaZulu bangale mihla, enye yeencwadi zakhe ephumeza oku ethi UDingiswayo kaJobe (1939) nenye ethi Nje nempela nekuyincwadi eyayibalisa ngesithembu sesiNtu. Imibongo yakhe yayineempembelelo zesitayile i-European Romantic esiquka indlela amagama alandelelana ngayo nezitanza ezazingaziwa kwisiZulu ngaphambilini kwizibongo nakwimibongo yesiNtu. Imibongo yakhe yaqala ukuba malunga ngezopolitiko nekwakuyinto eyayisenzeka ebomini bakhe, yabe ibonisa ukuxhatshazwa hayi nje kwamaZulu kodwa kwabantu abamnyama abangama-Afrika. Iinoveli nemibongo yakhe yonke zafunyanwa esaphila kwaye zisekho nanamhlanje.
Pipistrellus raceyi
Pipistrellus raceyi, eyaziwa njenge Racey ke pipistrelle, i - bat ukusuka Kazakhstan, genus Pipistrellus. Nangona unidentified ke ngoko ka - Pipistrellus bebe kusini na ngaphambili ukusuka Kazakhstan ukususela 1990s, P. raceyi akazange formally ekuthiwa de 2006. Kubalulekile apparently uninzi ngokusondeleleneyo enxulumene Asian ke ngoko P. endoi, P. paterculus, kwaye P. abramus, kwaye yayo ancestors mhlawumbi ufikelele Kazakhstan ukusuka e-Asia. P. raceyi wenziwe wabhala ku zine zephondo, zimbini empuma ezimbini entshona lowlands. Kwi-mpuma, kubalulekile zifunyanwa vula kwiindawo kwaye wenziwe zifunyenweyo roosting ngendlela yokwakha; kwi-west kuya kwenzeka emhlabeni owomileyo ihlathi. Ngenxa uncertainties malunga yayo ecology, kubalulekile ezidweliswe njengoko "Data Deficient" kwi - IUCN Red Uluhlu.
Nge forearm ubude 28.0 ukuba 31.2 mm (1.10 ukuba 1.23 kwi), Pipistrellus raceyi incinci ukuya medium-sized kuba ke ngoko ka - Pipistrellus. Umzimba reddish ngasentla kwaye etyheli-brown ngezantsi. I-aso ingaba onzulu kwaye iinyawo ingaba ezincinane. Males kuba elide penis kwaye baculum (penis ithambo), nto nje noko efanayo ukuba abo P. endoi, P. abramus kwaye P. paterculus. Kwi-skull, rostrum (ngaphambili inxalenye) ngaphantsi cambalala kwe kwi-enxulumene ke ngoko kwaye supraorbital ridges (ngasentla amehlo) ingaba ngabemi. Ngowesine ephezulu premolar akusebenzi touch oluphezulu canine kwaye yesibini thoba premolar kuhle-kwaphuhliswa.
Taxonomy
Ngowe-2006, Upawulos Bates kwaye nabo kusini na kwi ingqokelela ka-44 Malagasy "pipistrelles" wafumana yi - Harrison Institute, apho oku kubandakanya eziliqela ke ngoko entsha ukuba Kazakhstan, ngokunjalo enye ke ngoko entsha kwi-science. Oku ke ngoko, ilungu Pipistrellus, waba njengoko kuchaziwe Pipistrellus raceyi. Kwi-2007 inqaku, Steven Goodman kukhankanywe ngayo njengenxalenye yenkqubo okuncinane okungaphezulu kwendalo okunamandla omlingoname ezintsha bat ke ngoko ukususela Kazakhstan; inani ke ngoko lenyuka ukusuka 27 ngowe-1995 ukuya 37 kwi-2007. - ethile, igama, raceyi, honors bat wafumana Upawulos Racey kwaye describers wacebisa ukuba i - ngokufanayo igama "Racey ke pipistrelle bat". P. raceyi ngokusondeleleneyo resembles i-Asian ke ngoko P. endoi, P. paterculus, kwaye P. abramus, kwaye Bates kwaye nabo hypothesized ukuze ibe enxulumene ezi ke ngoko. Ukuba le yinyaniso, ancestors ka - P. raceyi presumably ufikelele Kazakhstan ukusuka e-Asia, hayi kwi-Afrika njenge uninzi island ke bat fauna. P. raceyi izahlulo oku umahluko kunye ezimbalwa ezinye Malagasy bats: enkulu isiqhamo bat Pteropus rufus kwaye omabini ke ngoko le incinci insectivorous bat Emballonura wabhala kwi Kazakhstan.
Inkcazelo
Pipistrellus raceyi ngu encinane ukuba medium-sized pipistrelle. kubalulekile elide-furred kwaye umzimba reddish ngasentla, kunye intloko a trifle mnyamana, kwaye yellowish-brown ngezantsi. I - glandular swellings kwi muzzle, esilandelayo ukuya nose, ingaba hairless. Ukuqina, emfutshane, macala onke ezindlebeni ubungqina ezintathu isihlanu ridges. I-crescent-emilisiweyo tragus (a dibanisa kwi ngaphakathi icala outer indlebe) malunga nesiqingatha njengoko ixesha elide njengoko indlebe kwaye iqulathe slight constriction kwi emva kwicala layo-base. I-aso ingaba onzulu. Lwesithathu nge-anesihlanu metacarpals (isandla amathambo) ingaba malunga ngokulinganayo ixesha elide, kodwa kuqala phalange (umnwe ithambo) ngomhla wesithathu umnwe ngu elifutshane. P. endoi sele ende kuqala phalange ngomhla wesithathu metacarpal. P. raceyi sele elifutshane tibiae (lower leg amathambo) kunye nabalobi iinyawo kwaye tail ngu shorter kunokuba intloko nomzimba. Forearm ubude ngu 28.0 ukuba 31.2 mm (1.10 ukuba 1.23 kwi), tail ubude ngu 22.9 ukuba 30.3 mm (0.90 ukuba 1.19 kwi), hindfoot ubude ngu 5.3 ukuba 7.5 mm (0.21 ukuba 0.30 kwi), kwaye indlebe ubude ngu-7.5 ukuba 10.6 mm (0.30 ukuba 0.42 kwi) kwi-13 measured specimens. Females avareji ngocoselelo inkulu kune males.
Males kuba elide, zayo penis nge ukuqhubela phakathi shaft kwaye narrow, egg-emilisiweyo glans penis. Kufutshane phezulu, penis ngu haired, kodwa isiseko ngu-phantse ze. Kwi - baculum (penis ithambo), shaft yindlela ende kwaye narrow kwaye ngocoselelo bomvu. - ubude penis kwaye baculum distinguish P. raceyi ukusuka zonke comparably sized Afrika kwaye Malagasy vespertilionids. P. endoi, P. paterculus, kwaye P. abramus kuba ngaphezulu efanayo bacula, kodwa oko P. abramus kubaluleke ngakumbi bomvu, shaft kwaye tip ingaba ngakumbi robust kwi - P. paterculus, kwaye proximal (kufutshane) end kubaluleke ngakumbi robust kwi - P. endoi. Kwi-males, penis ubude ngu-9.6 ukuba 11.8 mm (0.38 ukuba 0.46 kwi) kwaye baculum ubude ngu-8.8 ukuba 10.0 mm (0.35 ukuba 0.39 in).
Kwi-skull, kukho kakuhle-ochaziweyo lowered indawo kwi-ephakathi rostrum (ngaphambili inxalenye), apho phantse touches emva umda we-enkulu, V-emilisiweyo nasal ikroba (ivula kuba nose). Esilandelayo ukuya ikroba ingaba u-elevated iindawo, ngaphezu incisors. I - zygomatic arches (cheekbones) ingaba slender. I - supraorbital ridges (ebekwe ngasentla amehlo) ingaba kulungile-kwaphuhliswa. P. abramus, P. endoi, kwaye P. paterculus kuba anyhwalaze rostrum kwaye ngaphantsi ngabemi supraorbital ridges. - braincase ngu ka-avareji ubungakanani kwaye unika a poorly kwaphuhliswa sagittal bkuphumla kwi yayo kophahla. I - supraoccipital, backmost yinxalenye skull, convex. I-macala ye-bhenileyo palate ingaba malunga ehambelanayo.
Unikezelo, ecology, kwaye ukuziphatha
Pipistrellus raceyi ngu ezaziwayo ukusuka ezine iindawo kwi Kazakhstan, zonke ngezantsi 80 m (260 ft) ubukhulu, apho u-zi ngasentshona kwaye ababini kwi-mpuma icala island. Phakathi empuma uqokelelo zephondo, Kianjavato ngu kwiindawo zasemaphandleni town surrounded yi-farmland kwaye lwesibini forests, apho P. raceyi baba yesebe eqokelelweyo xa beshiya a hollow kwi-ithe ngqo eludongeni kwendlu kwaye mistnet phezu river, kwaye Tampolo kwi a heavily disturbed agriculturally kusetyenziswa indawo. Zombini western localities, Kirindy kwaye Mikea, ingaba emhlabeni owomileyo ihlathi. Kwi-Kirindy, pipistrelle Hypsugo anchietae zibonakele sele wabhala. Pi unikezelo ka - P. raceyi kusenokwenzeka inkulu kune ukuba okwangoku ezaziwayo. Nto yaziwa malunga yezosondlo, kodwa vespertilionid bats ngokubanzi kudla izinambuzane.
Kukho kakhulu limited i data kwi nokuzala. Young ingaba mhlawumbi kuzalwa kufutshane ukuqala lemvula, ngonovemba–disemba, xa ufumana ukutya plentiful. Ezintandathu bats baba ibambe ngomhla roost site kwi-Kianjavato, apho omnye kuphela ke ubudoda; oku kukhokelele Bates kwaye nabo ukuba phakamisa ukuba ke ngoko zibe polygynous, kunye amaqela equlathe indoda nomfazi ezininzi females.
Ulondolozo isimo
I - IUCN Red Uluhlu sele assessed Pipistrellus raceyi njengoko "Data Deficient" ngenxa akonelanga ulwazi malunga yayo ngobuninzi kwaye habitat iimfuno. Zonke ezine ezaziwayo zephondo ingaba kufutshane ihlathi, kodwa ukuba ibe isampulu artifact. Nangona deforestation babe posename a threat, ngamnye ingqokelela zephondo sele abanye khetha ka-ihlathi umyalelo wokhuselo amanyathelo kule ndawo.
I-oxygen
I-Oxygen (O) yi-chemical element. Ngokwendalo, i-oxygen yi-gas engenambala nengenavumba. I-Oxygen yi-Ikhemikhali ebaluleke kakhulu kuba iyinxalenye yomoya ophefumlwa ngabantu ikwayinxalenye yamanzi aselwa ngabantu. Ngenxa yoku, i-oxygen ixhasa ubomi. Izinto ezininzi eziphilayo (kuquka abantu zifuna i-oxygenukuze ziphile nokuze ziphefumle, nangona isibayityhefu kwezindle iindlela ekuphilwa kuzo. Kwi-liquid state of matter, i-oxygen
Ukufumaneka kwe-oxygen
i-Oxygen yaqala yafunyanwa ngo-1772 ngu-Carl Wilhelm Scheele. Kwaza kwalandela uJoseph Priestley naye wayifumana kwiminyaka emibini emva koko waza yena wazisasaza kuqala ezi ndaba engekazisasazi yena uScheele. Le nto yenza okokuba abantu bacinge okokuba nguPriestley owayifumana kuqala i-oxygen. Igama elithi oxygen livela kumagama esiGrike: oxus (acid) naku gennan (ukuvelisa). I-Oxygen iza emhlabeni isuka kuzo zonke iindawo zehlabathi kwi-meteorites. Ikwafumaneka nakwii-minerals nakwizityalo ezikhula emhlabeni nakwezinye ii-planethi.
I-Oxygen kwindalo
Amanzi ane-oxygen. Xa i-oxygen atom enye ithe yadibana nee-hydrogen atoms ezimbini, zenza i-Molecule yamanzi (akwabhalwa ngolu hlobo H2O). Laa manzi afuneka kuyo yonke into ephilayo ukuze ziphile.
I-Air nayo ine-oxygen. I-air yenziwe ngee-gases ezininzi eziye zangumxube. Imalunga nama-21% i-oxygen ekwi-air. I-Oxygen ibaluleke ngokukodwa kuba zonke izilwanyana zisebenzisa i-oxygen ukuze zifumane i-energy ekutyeni kwazo.
Imisebenzi ye-oxygen
I-Oxygen ikwayiyo eyenza okokuba ukuvutha oku kwenzeke. Oku ke kuthiwa kukuvutha. Xa into ethile isitsha okanye ivutha, i-oxygen idibana nenye into ize ivelise ubushushu nokukhanya. Umzekelo, xa utshisa ukhuni, i-oxygen esemoyeni idibana nokhuni kutsho kwenzeke umlilo. Obu buchule be-oxygen bunemisebenzi emininzi. Kodwa, ikwenza okokuba i-oxygen ecocekileyo ibeyingozi. Ukuba i-oxygen ecocekileyo ikhe yachukumisa idangatye okanye yaqhwitha, isenokuvutha ize ke ngoko yenze umonakalo omkhulu. Ukuvutha kungasetyenziswa ngeendlela ezininzi. umzekelo, xa i-oxygen ithe yaxutywa ne-acetylene, ingadala ilangatye elitshisa kakhulu. Ilangatye elitshisayo lisetyenziswa xa ukutshiswa kwentsimbi Ilangatye elitshisayo lisetyenziswa ukutshiswa kwentsimbi, apho intsimbi ithi itshiswe iphinde inyibilikiswe. Kananjalo, i-oxygen isetyenziswa ukwenza ii-fuels ezinamandla, ezinokusetyenziswa kwii-rockets nakwii-jets.
i-Oxygen isenokusetyenziswa ukunyibilikisa i-metal esuka kw-iore.
I-Oxygen isetyenziswa ezibhedlele ukubulala ii-bacteria. ikwasetyenziswa xa isigulana siye sanetyhefu ye-carbon monoxide.
i-Oxygen isetyenziswa ukucoca amanzi ukuze sibe sisela amanzi akhuselekileyo.
Ukwenziwa kwe-gas
I-oxygen ecocekileyo ingaveliswa ngeendlela ngeendlela. ngokwendalo, izityalo zisebenzisa ukukhanya kwelanga xa zivelisa i-oxygen, i-carbon dioxide (enye i-gas) kunye namanzi. Le nkqubo ibizwa ngokuba yi-photosynthesis. Uninzi lwe-oxygen esemoyeni yenziwe nge-photosynthesis. I-Oxygen isenokwenziwa ngabantu, besebenzisa inkqubo ekuthiwa yi-electrolysis. Kule nkqubo, umbane ihamba ngamanzi. Zitsho iimolecules zamanzi ziqhekeke zikhuphe i-oxygen kunye ne-gesi i-hydrogen.
Ukufana kwesakhiwo
Ubume besakhiwo okanye ipattern ngumbono, sisigama okanye uhlobo. Uhlobo lwento yinto enokuchazwa ngokwendlela ecingwa ngayo ngengqondo, ize ke ngoko isetyenziswe apho imelwe kukusetyenziswa khona. Ukuhambelana kwemo yento eyakhiweyo is checking if a certain pattern is present. Many patterns can directly be recognised by the senses.
IV. ABAKWAMGODELI
Izizwe zomnye umbalala asikuko nokuba ziyaxakwa ngamasiko abaNtsundu.
UMohaneng uzele oonyana abaninzi, ngamakhosikazi akhe awayekwangako.
Kanti ke bakho abanye oonyana abalibonayo tanci ilanga kunoyise kaMhlomi, kodwa baye abanakanelwa bukhulwini banto, kuba obona bukhulu yintshumayelo eyenziwayo esizweni, kuxelwe esidlangalaleni okokuba namhla kuzekwa umfazi waseBhotwe, nakuba base bekho abaphambili.
Kwinyakanyaka yoonyana bakaMohaneng abaziwayo, singakhe sikhankanye uMotloang noMgodeli (Mokoteli). UMotlaong livela tanci kuMgodeli. kubuye kwathi kuuphi kwajikwa kwathiwa kwinzala kaMotloang, ngabakwaMgodeli. Kube kungafanelekile ukuba kuguqulwe kutshiwo, kuba uMotloang akazalwa nguMgodeli, bangabantwana bendoda enye uMohaneng, waye uMgodeli esisinci.
UMotloang uhlelwe lilishwa, wafela edabini ebulawa ngamaKwakwa (maKhoakhoa) ekunye nabaSiya, esandul'ukuzeka intombi yomDawini (Motaung) wesizwe sakwaSonkomo.
Ngesiko lesi sizwe kufuneke uMgodeli evelisele umkhuluwa wakhe inzala kumhlolokazi lo.
Uye wamangala umfazi, kulapho athe uMgodeli makasel'engenwa ngabenzala kaNtsane abanto nye nabo, kodwa umhlolokazi lo akazange ayelele nakancinci.
Uye wazonyulela ngokwalathiswa yintliziyo yakhe unyana kaNtsele iHlubi, uMbuyeleli igama. Baacaphuka bajambajeka ngumsindo abaKwena sesi senzo.
Uthe umfazi lo ekuzalisekeni kwexesha lakhe, wazala umntwana oyinkwenkwe; wathiywa igama elinguMotshwane (Motsuane).
Bathe abateketisi ngokusoloko uyise umbuyeleli epitiliza isiSuthu nesiHlubi engakwazi ukuwatsolisa amagama xa athethayo, nguPete-"Peete-pete-pete le Tebele." Laalilo elavelelayo.
Lo mntwana waakhula esondliwa nguMgodeli, wamalusa. umzekele intombi yomDawini, oko kukuthi yayiyeyakulonina, kaloku sesona sihombo eso kubeSuthu, asichasekanga nganto phakathi kwabo.
Ngale ndlela azalwe ngayo uPete ibeligxeke elingelincinci ngesiko lesizwe, kuye kwacaca into yokuba ubukhosi mabuwele ezandleni zikaMgodeli nenzala yakhe. Makube igama likaMgodeli laaqalela kweli thuba ukuduma..
Ukudywidana ngobukhulu kule ndlu kuqhube kanobomi, kungekho mpumelelo isekuhleni.
Iinkomo ezilikhazi zizala umntu, zizale inkosi; makubeni uMotloang wafayo engashiye mntwana, kodwa umfazi wakhe njengokuba walotyolwayo kwaahlala kulindelekile ukuba mhla azalayo wozala umntwana owolunga kuye, elifeni nokuba kusebukhulwini bobukhosi xa bukho.
UMgodeli waamgcina lo mntwana, wamondla nkqi, wamkhulisa, apho ange emgodusile wamsa kulonina, xa ngaba wayefuna ukumahlula kulo mlibo wakowabo. Naleyo into yayingamnqabelayo ngesizathu sokuba lo mfazi wayelotyolwe.
Ngako oko ke lo mntwana uhlale esaziwa engokaMotlaong, unwele nozwane. Amawabo ayeman'ukumnyembenya, phofu engasenakuzisa lutho. Le nto imhlale kakubi uMgodeli. Asingeyazi eyona mbangeli nokuba wayelilela ukwaliwa, mhlawumbi egqitywa bubukhwele kusini na? Waasel'eman'ukuzingela uMbuyeleli ngokwenyamakazi, ezama ukumtshabalalisa. Akukho nto eyayizokubuye iyivuse nokuba wayephumelele ekumtshabalaliseni.
Ngentombi leyo yomDawini, uPete uzele uLibe noMkhatshane (Mokhachane).
Ekufeni kukaMgodeli iintambo zobukhosi ngakwicala lakowabo, zazifanelwe kukubanjwa nguPete, kodwa kwaafumaneka engenakho, ngokujonga ingqondo yakhe kwezombuso, kwaye nokuzalwa kwakhe kuvusa amaxoko-xoko egxeke macalana onke.
Kuthiwa umbhinqo wakhe ube wenziwe ngezintsu zeembila. Ube engumrhwebi erhweba ngengqalo, owofika umbone ezithe thande-thande ngomtya, aze azithi tyu emhlana, encediswa ngomnye umtyana ofika uhle kuhle egxeni, ubeth'esifubeni ubuthambeka, ude uye kubhijela ngaphantsi kwengalo yokhohlo, wandule ukubuya uphathelele kwakuzo.
Ulwimi lwasiFrentshi
Ulwimi lwasiFrentshi (français, la langue française) ulwimi lwesiFrentshi.
IV. ABAKWAMGODELI
Eyonanto ebengayinabele kuya phi bubukhulu belo cala lakowabo.
Eli xesha ibe lelona libalulekileyo kwelaseLusuthu, kuba ubukhosi babungakhathalelwe bani. Oyinkosi nongeyiyo bekufana. Oyinkulu kwindlu yakowabo, ebeyinkosi kuloo ndlu, engenanto yokwenza nezinye. Ngaxa lithile, athi eyinkulu nje, suka angabunanzi obo bukhulu, kuhlalwe loo ntlalo yokungaphathwa mntu nankosi.
Ilizwe eli lona laseLusuthu wayengazange walibumba lanto-nye.
Ngokunjalo ke noPete ebephila loo ntlalo yokungazigwagwisi ngabuni bakhe. "Apho kungekho nkosi akukho mthetho."
Oonyana aba babini bakaPete, yayingabantu abahlukileyo kuyise. Babekuzalelwe ukwazi ukuphatha abantu, ingqondo yabo ibityekele ikakhulu kwezombuso. Umzi okokwawo ubukholelwe kuLibe ngeendawana ezithile nangenxa yokuba ezelwe wayinkulu.
Makathi apho azakuwa khona, suka ngolunye usuku axhele inkomo, aze abize umninawa wakhe uMkhatshane, oyakuthi akuva ilizwi elivela kumkhuluwa wakhe, anduluke kwaoko angadendi, ephelekwa ngamadoda azukileyo.
Wosuke uLibe abonwe engena endlwini aze okanye anike umninawa wakhe yedwa loo nto ityiwayo, ize kuthi kunjalo laa madoda abekunye naye ahlale njeya, angafumani sabelo santo, oko kukuthi angacholi naphantsi.
Le nto uyenze amaxesha amaninzi eba akabonwa, kanti bagqibile ukumfunda oku.
Ulibe lo ke uthathwe ngokwenkosana engenasandla sokupha, waba ke ngoko uyathenwa ebukhulwini, kwaphakanyiswa umninawa wakhe, owathabatha isikhundla sokuba yeyona nkulu.
Ngathi usathe nqa nje mlesi libali eli, kuyahlengwa ngoku.
Masikhe siqhube senjenje: UTonyane (Khonyane) lo uzalwa nguNtsane kaMonaheng. Ukhe akavisisana naba bakwaMgodeli ngokusuka babahluthe uMamosongoa ngamandla, umhlolokazi lo kaRalati, baze basuka bathi bakuba benjenjalo, baphikele ukuyakuvela phezu kwamawa, bakhwaze bathi, "Udanile ndoda ndini, enembala esiswini!" Bakwenze oku imihla emininzi, wada uTonyane ngenxeni yokudikwa ngabo, wakha waya kufuna icebo kuMhlomi esithi, aba bantu bakwaMgodeli badlala ngaye, okokuba babengezizo izilumko, njengkoko benjalo, ubeya kukha abenze into embi.
Uphendule uMhlomi esebushushwini wathi, "Laa maNdebele makabulawe onke, aphele." - kaloku utsho kuba uPete ebesoloko egxekwa ngesizathu sikaMbuyeleli. "Wagcayisele!" uhambise watsho uMhlomi.