Charlotte_Maxeke
Iintshukumo zakhe zopolitiko elubhacweni naseMzantsi Afrika
Njengomhambi-tyalike ozinekeleyo, uMaxeke nodade wabo baxuma imiloji iAfrican Jubilee Choir ngowe-1891 batyelela iNgilani iminyaka emibini. Ngexesha lolu tyelelo, uMaxeke waye waculela uNkosazana Victoria evathe iimpahla zaseNgilane zelo xesha. Imithombo yolwazi ichaza ukuba la manenekazi akwaMaxeke ayengazivi ekhululekile ukuphathwa njengezitatanyiswa eLondon yaye kukho iingxelo zokuba ngeli xesha uMaxeke wayehamba iintetho zamanina ayeceba ukuvalisa isimbonono sokufuna ukuvota ezazibhexeshwa ngamanina afana noEmmeline Pankhurst. Ngethemba lokuqhubeka nemfundo uMaxeke waya kutyelelo eMelika nekwayela yakhe yecawa ngowe-1894 [eminye imithombo yolwazi ithi lomhla ngowe-1896]. Ukuphela kotyelelo, uMaxeke waye washeka eMelika wafunda kwiYunivesithi iWilberforce, eCleveland, Ohio neyaiphantsi kolawulo lwe-African Methodist Episcopal Church (AMEC). Kule yunivesithi wayegxile kwimfundo engobuLunda beAfrika, neyayiphantsi koW.E.B. Du Bois. Wayewathweswa isidanga seBSc. eYunivesithi iWilberforce nalapho wadibana khona nomyeni wakhe uMarshall Maxeke nowayeye kule yunivesithi ngowe-1896. Baye batshata ukubuyela kwabo eMzantsi Afrika ngowe-1901, uMaxeke engomnye wamanina okuqala aNtsundu ukufumana imfundo enomsila eyunivesithi. UMaxeke wayephembelelwe kakhulu yiAMEC yaye ngenxa yobudlelwane bakhe neNkonzo yamaTopiya Iamec yaye yasungulwa eMzantsi Afrika. Wabangumququzeleli weWomen’s Mite Missionary Society eRhawutini waze wadlulela ePolokwane (ngoko iPietersburg). Apha, waya wahlangana kwakhona nosapho lwakhe e\kumlambo iDwaars phantsi kweNkosi uRamakgopa nowanika uMaxeke imali yokuba aqale isikolo. Eso sikolo zange sigqitywe ngenxa yokunqongophala kwenkxaso kurhulumente nentlupheko eyayigquba kulo ngingqi. Emva koku, uMaxeke nomyeni wakhe bavula isikolo e-Evaton eRhawutini. AbakwaMaxeke baye bafundisa bavangela nakwezinye iindawo kuquka ebaThenjini eTranskei phantsi kweNkosi uSabata Dalindyebo. Kulapha apho uMaxeke wathi wathatha inxaxheba kwinkundla yobukhosi, inyhweba engaxhamlwayo ngamanina. Ekugqibeleni, baye bazinza eRhawutini apho baye bazibandakanya neentshukumo zopolitiko. Yena nomyeni wakhe bazimasa usungulwa kweSouth African Native National Congress (SANNC) eMangaung ngowe-1912. Noxa inkoliso yeziphakamiso zakhe zazingqamene necawe, uCharlotte wayebhala ngesiXhosa ngesikhundla samanina kwezentlalo nezopolitko. Kwincwadi Umteteleli wa Bantu wayegxile ‘kumbuzo wamanina’. Njengomntu owayechasene nokuphathwa kwamapasi ngamanina aNtsundu kwantlandlo, uMaxeke wazibandakanya kwintshukumo zopolitiko ubomi bakhe bobudala bonke. Wanceda ukuseka umbutho owayechasene nokuphathwa kwamapasi eMangaun ngowe-1913 waseka nePhiko laManina aNtsundu eSANCC ngowe-1918. Njengenkokheli yalo mbutho wakhokela isigqeba esayokuxoxa neNkulu-mbuso uLouis Botha ngemba yokuphathwa kwamapasi ngamanina. Le ngxoxo yalandelwa luqhankqalazo ngonyaka olandelayo. Wayekwabandakanyeka nokuqhankqalazo eRhawutini olwalumalunga norholo omncinci wakwa thatha inxaxheba kuseko lweIndustrial and Workers’ Union (ICU) ngowe-1920. UMaxeke wayekwabandakanyeka nakwimibutho entlanga-ninzi. Waye wabhekisa intetho kwiWomen’s Reform Club ePitoli, neyayingumbutho owawujongene namalungelo okuvota kwamanina waze wazimanya neBhunga eliHlanganeyo labaMhlophe nabaNtsundu. UMaxeke waye wonyulwa njengomongameli weWomen’s Missionary Society. Ngowe-1928, uMaxeke waye wazimasa ingqungquthela eMelika waze wazityanda igila ngakumbi ngempilo yabantu abaNtsundu. Waye wasungula i-arhente yengqesho eRhawutini waze wabalinina lokuqala ukuba ligosa lengqawule elijongene nabaphuli-mthetho abaselula