cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Isiphumo sokuxilonga
Ebugqirheni, unobangelasifo yinkqubo echaza okokuba sesiphi isifo okanye imeko-mpilo ecaciswa ziimpawu zomntu. Lenkqubo idla ngokubizwa njengo nobangelasifo ibe imeko yempilo ifakiwe. Ulwazi oludingekayo kuze kuqondwe unobangelasifo luqokelelwa kwintetha ephakathi kogqirha nosigulwana nangokuxilongwa komzimba walomntu udinga uncedo. Iqhelekile inkqubo yokuvavanya ngedlela ezinintsi kuze kuqondwe unobangelasifo. Ngamanye amaxesha kuba ngumceli mngeni ukufumana unobangelasifo xa iimpawu zesifo zingaveli kwangexesha okanye xa zingacacanga. Umzekelo, ububomvu emzimbeni bungabonakalisa iimpawu zezifo ezininzi oku akucaciseli okokuba yintoni kanye-kanye ingxaki ngokwempilo.
Iilwandle
Isimboli ecetywayo ye-Iilwandle ngu-.
Isiphumo sokuxilonga
Inqkubo
Amalungu akhoyo kwinqkubo yokuqonda unobangelaisifo ngokuxilonga ngendlela ezininzi aquka:
Iilwandle
Umbala
Nangona uninzi lwabantu lukholelwa ekubeni iilwandle ziluhlaza kuba isibhaka-bhaka sisiba sisipili kuzo, eneneni oku akusiyonyaniso. Amanzi anayo indawo yokubaluhlaza ngokombala kodwa ke lo mbala wamanzi ungabonakala kuphela xa kukho amanzi amaninzi. Kodwa ke esona sizathu sokuba iilwandle zibeluhlaza ngokwebala kukuba amanzi afunxa laandawo imbala ubomvu apha elangeni, kuze kubonakale le ndawo iluhlaza apha ekukhanyeni. Sitsho sikubone ke thina oku kukhanya kubonakalayo ngokungathi ngumbala wamanzi.
Isiphumo sokuxilonga
Isiphumo sokuxilonga iCovid-19
Ukuze kuqondwe ukuba umntu usuleleke nge covid-19 kungajongwa ukuba unazo iimpawu zesisifo, isiqinisekiso sifunyanwa ngokwe reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) kwincindi esulelekayo okanye ngomfanekiso weCT. Isiphononongo esaye senzwa eWuhan esithelekisa iPCR neCT sicebisa okokuba iCT ibuthathaka kakhulu kunePCR kodwa ayikwazi ukohlula phakathi kwe Covid 19 nezinye izifo ezibonisa iimpawu ezifanayo neCovid-19. Ukusukela ngenyanga yoKwindla kunyaka ka2020, iKholeji yaseMerika yenzululwazi ngeX-reyi neminye imitha esetyenziswa ngakumbi ekunyangeni icebisa okokuba "iCT inga setyenziswa ukuvavanya iCovid-19 okanye ingabiyindlela yokuqala yokuvavanya esisifo."
Iilwandle
Izityalo nezilwanyana
Izinto eziphila elwandle zinakho ukuphila kumanzi anetyuwa. Ziyaphazamiseka kukukhanya kwelanga, bubushushu, luxinzelelo lwasemanzini, yintshukumo yamanzi. Intlobo-ntlobo zezinto eziphila emanzini ziphila kakuhle xa zikufutshane nomphezulu wolwandle, kumanzi abanzi, nakumanzi anzulu. Ezo ziphila kufuphi nomphezulu wolwandle nezo zikwaxhomekeke kwimitha yelanga ukuze zikwazi ukuvelisa ukutya kuthiwa zii-phytoplankton. Phantse zonke izilwanyana zaselwandle zixhomekeke ngqo okanye (ngezinye iindlela) kwezi zityalo ukuze ziphile. Kumanzi abanzi, uyakufumana oorhexe kunye noononkala. Kumanzi anzulu, izilwanyana zolwandle ezikumila kuziindi-ngeendidi kwanobukhulu bazo ngkunjalo zidada ngokukhululekileyo elwandle. Ezi zibandakanya iintlobo-ntlobo zeentlanzi, ezifana nentlanzi yamanzanetyuwa i-tuna, udwayi olude lwentlanzi ethand'ukuhamba i-sword kunye nezilwanyana zamanzi ezincancisayo ezifana nee-dolphin kunye nee-whales. Kwisibhaka-bhaka phezu kolwandle olukhamisileyo likhaya leentaka ezinkulu zolwandle, ezifana nee-albatross.
Isiphumo sokuxilonga
Uvavanyo lwetsholongwane
iWHO ishicilele imithetho eyahlukeneyo yovavanya iRNA kwicoronavirus COVID-19, eyokuqala imithetho ikutshwe nge17 kweyoMqungu. Oluvavanyo lusebenzisa ireverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) ngokwenyani kwexesha (real time). Uvavanyo lungenziwa kwisampuli efumaneka kwincindi yomphefumlo okanye kwigazi. Iziphumo zifumaneka emveni kweyure okanye iintsuku ezimbalwa. Uvavanyo ludla ngokwenziwa ngokusebenzisa inasopharyngeal swab kodwa ingasetyenziswa neswab yomqala.
iiLebhu kunye nenkampani ezininzi ziqalisa uvavanyo olu-serological, oluvavanyo lufumana izilwa-sifo ezisegazini. Ukusukela nge6 kuTshazimpunzi, akukho nenye efunyanwe ichanekile ngokwaneleyo okokuba yamkelwe ukuze isetyenziswe ngokuthe saa. E-Merika uvavanyo lwe-serological oluqalwe yinkampani iCellex lwamkelwe okokuba lungasetyenziwa kwithuba lukaxakeka ziilebhu ezinemvume kuphela.
Umfanekiso
Uphawu-mfanekiso kwiifoto ze-X-reyi neComputed Tomography (CT) zabantu ababonakalisa iimpawu zesisifo lubandakanya i-asymmetric peripheral, iground glass opacities kunye ne-absent pleural effusions. Umbutho wonzululwazi ngeX-reyi lwaseItaly luqokelela ulwazi kwaye nemifanekiso ephandiweyo yabantu abanesisifo. Kunzima ukwahlula iCovid-19 kwezinye izifo zesifuba ngoko ke lemifanekiso iqokelelwayo kufuneka ingqinwe ngokusebenza i-PCR okanye ayizubaluncedo. Ingqokelela yolwazi eyenziwe eChina ithelekise iziphumo zeCT zezifuba ne PCR yaze yabonisa ukuba nangona imifanekiso yeCT yesisifo ingacaci, iyakhawuleza futhi ibuthathaka, lonto icebisa okokuba ingasetyenziswa njenge sixhobo sovavanyo lwesisifo sisulelayo kwiindawo ezichaphazelekileyo. I-Covolutional neural networks ezidalwe ngohlakanipho okungeyondalo zenziwe ukuze zikwazi ukubona imifanekiso yesisifo icovid-19 ngokusebenzisa i-Radiographics kwakunye ne-CT.
Iilwandle
Ukuvunwa kolwandle
Abantu abaninzi balubona ulwandle njengomthombo wokutya, izimbiwa namandla.
Ukuloba
Abafoti elwandle (ii-Oceanographers) ziqikelela okokuba zingaphaya kwama-15, 300 iintlanzi eziphila elwandle, ezinye zazo ziyatyiwa. Intlazi kukutya okungumthombo wee-proteni, baninzi kakhulu abantu abayityayo. Ushishino ngokuloba industries lubaluleke kakhulu kuba luza nemisebenzi, luncede nezigidi-ngezigidi zabantu ngokutya. Namhlanje, njengesiqhelo ngenxa yokuloba elwandle, ulwandle lusinika ii-calories ezifunwa ngabantu ezimalunga ne-2%. I-tuna, ii-ankhovi, kunye ne-herring zivunwa kufuphi nomphezulu wolwandle. Pollock, flounder kunye ne-cod zibanjwa kufuphi nalapho luphela khona ulwandle ngaphantsi, Zingaphezulu kwesigidi ii-toni zee-herring ezibanjwa qho ngonyaka kumNtla we-Pacific, nakumNtla we-Atlantic, kwaye phantse zisibhozo kwezilishumi iintlanzi ezityiwayo ngabantu. Ezinye iintlanzi zisetyenziselwa njenge sichumisi, isincamathelitsi, kunye nokutya kweekati nezinye izilwanyana.
Ubushushu bolwandle
Maninzi amaqondo obushushu bolwandle kulwandle oluvulekileyo, (kwintlangothi zombini - ukusuka phezulu ukuya ezantsi)kwanokusuka kwelinye icala ukuya kwelinye. ii-Icebergs zenziwe zaqamela ngamanzi abanda kakhulu kuyo yomibini le mida, abe wona amanzi avela kumbindi i-equator eshushu noko. Amanzi apholisa ekwafudumeza ngokuthe chu kunomhlaba, ke umhlaba onikwa ifuthe lulwandle uneezigaba eziza mva zamva nezinobushushwana kunomhlaba othe qelele elwandle.
Umphezulu wolwandle, nobizwa ngokuba ngu-mxube wenwebu, awubandi kangako nditsho sesidad'elenzulwini sisiy'ezantsi. emazantsi olu lwandle kulapho kukho inwebu apho kwenzeka khona utshintsho lwangesaquphe ekuthiwa xa lubizwa yi- thermocline. Le ke yinwebu esembindini ebude bayo busuka kumphezulu wolwandle buhle bubheke ezantsi ngokomlinganiselo omalunga neenyawo ezinga-2,600 (800 eemitha). Ii-Thermoclines zingenzeka kuphela ngokwamaxesha onyaka okanye zibe sisigxina, kodwa ke kungatshintsa oku, kuxhomekeke ekubeni kuphi kwaye lunzulu kangakanani na ulwandle. Nje ngoko kusenzeka umphushu, luqala ke ngoku luphole, kodwa ukuba amanzi aphuma ngokomphushu ngendlela ekhawulwzileyo, amanzi aya ngokuya evakala ityuwa. Amanzi anetyuwa nabandayo ngumehlisi wezinga lomkhenkce nelobushushu emanzini olwandle, utsho azike aye ezantsi. Yhiyo le nto amanzi ashushu nabandayo engaxubeki lula. Inkoliso yezilwanyana nezityalo ziphila kule nwebu ishushu ingaphezulu. Ezantsi kwe-thermocline, izinga lokubanda libaphezulu kakhulu, kude ukubanda kwawo kubengaphezulu kokomkhenkce - kube phakathi kwama-32 – 37.4 °F (0 – 3 °C).
Imithombo
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Campeonato Brasileiro Série A
I-Série A yiyona ntlukwano ebalulekileyo yebhola yaseBrazil. Ngoku iqulunqwe ngamaqela angama-20, apho amaqela angama-4 asezantsi avela kwi-Série A aphelelwa ngaphandle kwaye amaqela aphezulu angama-4 avela kwi-Serie B aphakanyiswa.
Apple II
I-Apple II (ebizwa ngokuba yi-Apple ][) ikhompyutheni yasekhaya eyi-8, enye yezinto eziphambili eziveliswe ngeprosoftcomputer, eyenziwe ngokukodwa nguSteve Wozniak (uSteve Jobs ujongene nophuhliso lwe-Apple II foam- Icala leplastiki kunye noRod Holt baqulunqa ukunikezelwa kwamandla kagesi).
Campeonato Brasileiro Série A
Ngokomlando, ubuqhankqalazi babedume ngokungazilungelelanisi kakhulu, kuba nemithetho yayo ishintshile ukususela kwixesha ukuya kwixesha (kunye ngamanye amaxesha nakwixesha eliphakathi kwenkathi), ngokubanzi ukukhusela amakilabhu emveli ukuba angabandakanywa (ngokukodwa ngo-1993, 1996 no-2000) okanye ngenxa yokuba Zetyala ezifakwe ngamachule ukuze zikhusele ukuba zixhomekeke (1997 no-2000). Nangona kunjalo, ukususela ngo-2003, i-Série A iye yaphikisana kwifom ye-double-robin format. Ngamanye amagama, iqela ngalinye lidlala ngokumelene nekhaya kwaye kude, kwaye iqela elinamanqaku amaninzi lichazwe njengeqhawe. Akukho mdlalo wokugqibela, ongowomxholo onzima kakhulu. Ngaphambi kuka-2003, iqela lobungqina beBrazil liye lagqitywa ngohlobo oluthile lwefomathi (ikakhulukazi "i-Octagonal"), apho amaqela aphezulu angama-8 aqhelekileyo aquka iqela elilodwa lokuphelisa), kunokuba imodeli yaseYurophu yamanqaku aqokelelwe ngexesha lonyaka . Nangona ezinye i-purist zikhalaza ukuba le nkqubo ayikho umdlalo we-playoffs kunye neyokugqibela, iqela liye labonisa ukuba lilungelelanise, ngaphandle kwenani elilinganiselwe lamagosa alawulwa kwilungu njengoko kufumaneka kwiilwimi ezininzi zaseYurophu.
Ngo-2005, iqela ngalinye lidlale imidlalo ye-42, i-21 ekhaya kunye ne-21, ukuya kuma-462 imidlalo. Iqhawe kunye nomgijimi-ogijima ngokuzenzekelayo kwi-Cup Libertadores ka-2006. Iqela lesithathu kunye neyesine elibekwayo lingaphinda limele iBrazil kwiiLebertadores ngokutshayisa amaqela angaphandle angagqitywa yiConmebol kwiilingo zangaphambili. Iqhawe kunye ne-5 ukuya kwe-11 ibeke amaqela aphumelele ilungelo lokumela iBrazil kwiCopa Sudamericana, elinye iqela lobungqina baseMzantsi Melika lobunzima obuphantsi. Iinqanaba ezine zokugqibela (ii-19, 20, 21 neye-22) zaxhaswa kwiSérie B.
Iimidlalo ezilishumi elinanye zokhuphiswano luka-2005 zachithwa ngenxa yesikhalazo sokulungisa umdlalo kwaye kwafuneka ziphindwe.
Ngonyaka we-2006, inani labadlali behlisiwe liye lancipha ukuya kuma-20, kwaye ii-CBF zibiza ukuba "ifomathi" ecacileyo.
Umchamo
Umchamo ngamanzi enziwe ngumzimba kwizintso. Agcinwa kwisinyi aze aphume emzimbeni womntu ngeurethra, umbhobho osuka kwisinyi usiya kwi-urethral meatus (meatus = imbobo esemzimbeni), kanye phaya kwincakam yomthondo (emadodeni) okanye isinene (ebafazini). Ukuchama yindlela umzimba ochitha ngayo izinto ezingafunekiyo egazini. Umchamo ngamanzi ekulahlwa kuwo ezi zinto. emva kokuba igazi sele liwutyhutyhe lawugqiba umzimba wonke, umthwalo wao uyatshintsha, kuba kaloku ezinye izinto egazini zithathwe ngumzimba, abe nawo umzimba ukhuphe ezinye izinto uzikhuphela egazini. Igazi nalo lizithathele ezinye izinto ekutyeni kwethu esikutyayo. Isibindi sisusa ityhefu eninzi (izinto eziyingozi) lize longeze ezinye izinto ezifunwa ligazi ezinjengeeamino acids, iiproteins, iicoagulation factors, iihormones, etc.). Zize ke zona izintso zisuse umchamo, iityuwa, etc. ngokuthi uzifake emchameni. Emva kokuba igazi lihambe ladlula ngesibindi ukuya kwizintso, libanomthwalo ofanelekileyo ofunwa ngumzimba. Umchamo ungamanzi ubukhulu becala, kwaye uneetyuwa zeeminerali, ize yona iurea ibe yi2%, eyenziwa esibindini ngeenjongo zokususa iammonia, eyingozi kakhulu. buphantsi kakhulu ubungozi kwiUrea, nangona ukuphakama kwezinga leurea egazini (imeko ekuthiwa yihyperuremia) kungadala isifo.
Umchamo ungangabinambala de ube tyheli okanye ubeqanda ngamanye amaxesha. lo mbala uqanda wenziwa yiurobilins, eyenziwa xa kuhluzwa ihemoglobin, into enika igazi umbala walo obomvu. Ukuba umntu womile akanamanzi emzimbeni wakhe, mncinane umchamo owenzekayo (mhlawumbi ngaphantsi kwelitha ngemini), kwaye uyakubanokungcola okuninzi. Ukuba umntu usela amanzi amaninzi, mninzi umchamo owenzekayo (mhlawumbi iilitha ezi-2 ngemini) kwaye awubinakungcola kungakanani.
Umchamo wenza umzimba ukwazi ukugxotha:
Ubugcisa
Ubugcisa bunendima enkulu kwinkcubeko, kwaye igama lithetha into engaphezulu ko   "bugcisa". Ubugcisa buquka koomabonakude, ubugcisa bokufunda nokubanosiba lokubhala (njengee ncwadi neminye imibhalo) kunye nobugcisa bokushukumisa amalungu omzimba (njengom culo, ukudanisa, umdlalo weqonga).
"Izifundo zobugcisa zidla ngokuthelekiswa nezo"bunzululwazi".
Intaba
Intaba kukukhukhumala kwendalo okwenzeka emhlabeni apha ngaphezulu yile ndawo ibayincochoyi (okanye incakam). Iba yindawo enyukayo nende kunenduli. Iintaba zisoloko zicingelwa okokuba zizinduli ezibude bazo bungaphaya kwama-600 eemitha (malunga nama-2000 eenyawo), kodwa lo mbono awunjalo kuwo onke amazwe.
iintaba zibalulekile kuba zisoloko zinamanzi phakathi kwazo, kwaye zisoloko zibakho apho aqalisa khona amanzi ukubaleka. Iintaba zinjengezihluzi, ngoko ke abantu bangafumana amanzi ahlaziyekileyo.
Cláudio Taffarel
Claudio André Mergen Taffarel, okanye nje Taffarel (Santa Rosa, May 8, 1966) is a webhola laseBrazil badlale nje unozinti. Yeyona umqeqeshi yangoku goalkeeping of Brazil.
It waphawulwa ukuba ube yincutshe ukuze azikhusele izohlwayo, ngokuphumelela yi kombalisi Galvão Bueno catchphrase, i "Fumana na eyeyakho, Taffarel!" Waphinda Galvão ngenxa nokubekwa egqibeleleyo kunye ukhuseleko ezinzima Archer.
Iimbali zamaXhosa
UTshiwo, uHleke noMdange, ngoonyana bakaNgconde. utshiwo waazalwa yedwa kokwabo, uHleke noMdange ngabeqadi lakokwabo. Le nto igama likaHleke lingembalasane, kungokuba engazange aphume kowabo, abe luphondo oluzimeleyo. uthe yena umdange waphuma wanga umka ngokuzingela iinyamakazi, yasuka yathi yonke impi yakomkhulu enevuso yaya kuye, kube njalo ke ukuze abenabantu, abelicala elivakalayo unanamhla. Buthe ke obukaHleke ubukhosi baphela ngokusuka alahle alibale kukujola izifuba zeenkomo komkhulu apho.
Ithi imbali amacala kaHleke ebemane: ibiyindlu eNkulu, ikunene, ilikhohlo, ilixhiba. Kwindlu eNkulu, wazala intombi yodwa, egama linguNtlushe, wathi ekunene wazala uMtyawu, inkulu kwanabanye. Ekhohlo uzele uMtshiza owaya kuthatyathwa, waza kufakwa kwiNdlw'eNkulu, kuba ibingenamntwana uyinkwenkwe. Ubeke yinkulu yomzi.
uthe ke yena wazala uManxa, awamshiya kulo mzi, wabuya yena waza kwaseKhohlo kwicala lakokwabo, eMahobeni. UManxa wazala uXili noVazi bengamawele. Kumfazi wokuqala uXili uzele Xhalata noNongongo. Wathi akuphind'ukuzeka, wazeka intombi yasemaMpingeni, uNokhandlo, ethe yona yazala uBini, uKwankwa noTshethse. UBini lowo wathathwa wasiwa kwindlw'eNkulu. Ngelakhe icala uVazi uyisekazi uzele uMambu, uCata noKula; ekunene uzele uBhadulo, uMpontsi nabanye. Uthe ke uBini akukhula wavulelwa okaXili umzi, akawunikwa owaseMbonjeni. OwaseMbonjeni wanikwa uNquku, intwenkulu kaMtshiza eyayingazalanga.
Amagxamesi aseMbonjeni ibingawakulo Ntsundwane, nowaseRosheni, nowaseTeke. Kwatshiwo ke kwathiwa makusale owaseMwangwini, usale usaluswa kwanguBini lowo.
Campanha da Cordilheira
IPhulo le Cordillera yaba wokugqibela ekhubekisayo eBrazil nxamnye Paraguay, ikhokelwa ngu Gaston d'Orleans, umzalwana Pedro II, soyisa abaseleyo imikhosi emzabalazweni Paraguay aze asithimbe ufile okanye uyaphila nguMongameli Solano López.
Battle of Children
Ke Gaston bahamba baya Paraguay zangaphakathi befuna Solano, ngoko ke ekugqibeleni ukufaka uzwilakhe Paraguay, imfazwe yokuqala enkulu yaba Battlefield Enkulu, apho López wathumela abantwana usebenzisa iindevu lobuxoki ubudala akwazi ukuphatha ilungelo a umpu okanye umpu, zamadoda abafazi noomama nabantwana, waseBrazil ngoko uhlaselwe Paraguayans babecinga ukuba umkhosi yobungcali, eqonda ukuba umkhosi abantwana, abasetyhini nabantu abadala ngubani na ukujolisa, kwaba sekupheleni kakhulu kwaye kwenziwa kubulawa. Umhla idabi ngoku Usuku lwabantwana e Paraguay. Kunye kubulawa sele yenziwe, intiyo phakathi Brazil nxamnye López wanda ngakumbi oku, waya nokuba benomfutho ngakumbi ngexesha leli phulo.
Impi yokugcina
Emva kweminyaka yemfazwe neenyanga iivoti, imikhosi eBrazil umkhosi Paraguay ikhokelwa ngu Solano López ngokwakhe e Cerro uLindiwe, Kumbindi Paraguay, imikhosi laseBrazil malunga amajoni 4,500 wabulala 450 Paraguayans, abo balwa ngenkalipho nxamnye Brazil Lopez ngoxa balwa abatoli umkhonto Cape Chico uMtyholi, Lopez ngazama ukubaleka, kodwa ekugqibeleni wafa kunxweme Rio Aquidabán emva kokuba watshayiswa imbumbulu eBrazil ngale, beza ngokusemthethweni esiphelweni, imfazwe Paraguay.
Umlomo
Umlomo lilungu lomzimba elisetyenziswa njengesixhobo sokuthetha. Kodwa zininzi izinto esizenza ngomlo. Zeziphi?
xela ezinye izinto esizenza ngomlo.
Umlomo unamazinyo anceda xa kuhlafunwa ukutya. Ngaphezu kwalo msebenzi wawo wokuqala wokusilwa kokusilwa kokutya, umlomo wabantu udlala indima enkulu nebonakalayo ekwenzeni intetho. Ngelo xesha ke amazwi wona enziwa emqaleni, elwimini, emilebeni, kwijaw, zikwanceda ukucwangcisa amazwi afumaneka kulwimi. Umlomo siwusebenzisa ukuncamisa siphinde sibonise indlela esivakalelwa ngayo ngomlomo.
IsiXhosa
Milani Saliwa
IsiXhosa lolunye lweelwimi zaseMzantsi Afrika ezingundoqo nezaziwayo. Sithethwa ngabantu abaqikelela kwi-7.6 sezigidi okanye i-18% lwabemi baseMzantsi Afrika luphela, ngakumbi kwiphondo leMpuma Koloni neleNtshona Koloni eMzantsi Afrika. Kwimbali yakwaXhosa sinamaqhawe ngamaqhawe kwimiba emininzi. Sinabo ababhali besiXhosa abathi baqaqamba ekunikeni imbali eyiyo ngoXhosa beyinika ngesiXhosa. Zininzi ke iingongoma abanyathela phezu kwazo aba babhali. Olu lwimi lusetyenziswa kakhulu kummandla waphesheya kweNciba (Transkei) nomneno-Nciba (Ciskei), nangona kukho umahluko omncinci kwindlela yokubiza amagama athile.
Njengazo zonke iilwimi zesiNtu, isiXhosa lulwimi oluhambisana kakhulu nezandi ezenziwa ngamagama. Oko kukuthi amagama abhalwa ngokufanayo nqwa angabizwa ngeendlela ezingafaniyo (ukuwa nokunyuka kwentsholo eyenziwayo xa kubizwa lo magama); namagama abhalwa ngokufanayo angaba neentsingiselo ezingafaniyo. Ngamanye amazwi isiXhosa sisebenzisa amaqabane kunye nezakhi ngokohlobo oluthile olwenza intsingiselo nemvakalo yamagama afanayo nqwa ingafani. Okona kubalulekileyo nangakumbi kulwimi lwesiXhosa kukuba lusebenzisa iziqhakancu, u-x, u-c, no-q.
Udumo lwesiXhosa lubonakala kumhobe wesizwe saseMzantsi Afrika, UNkosi sikelela iAfrika, owabhalwa nguEnoch Sontonga nowaye ngumXhosa ngokokuzalwa. Kwalona igama lolwimi lunesandi u-x. UMama uMiriam Makeba owayeyimvumi yaseMzantsi Afrika, walusasaza udumo lwengoma ethi "Igqirha lendlela" ebhalwe ngesiXhosa. Loo ngoma idume ngokuba nezandi/neziqhakancu u-q, u-gq no-ngq.
Lona ke ulwimi lubhala ngesiLatini, lunefonetiki nolwimi ulufundiswayo ezikolweni, koonokholeji nasezidyunivesithi.
Ulwimi lwesiXhosa kukuphela kolwimi lwesintu olufundiswa esikolweni eMpuma Koloni. Umzekelo: nangona amaMpondo ethetha isiMpondo, amaBhaca ethetha isiBhaca ngokuthi ayatshefula, nabanye abantu bethatha iilwimi zabo, kodwa xa kusiyiwa esikolweni, lunye ulwimi lwemveli olutitshwa ezikolweni, sisiXhosa. Zohluka-hlukene iintlanga zaseMpuma-Koloni. Kukho amaMpondo (utata uOliver Tambo uliMpondo, Kukho abaThembu (utata uMandela ungumThembu), amaBhaca, amaMpondomise, amaMfengu, amaRharhabe, amaGcaleka, amaNgqunukhwebe kunye nezinye izihlakani. Loo nto eye yadala ukubakho kwesiXhosa seengingqi.
Bona
IziDuko zomzi wakwaXhosa
UNontando Jabavu
Umbhali nentatheli uHelen Nontando (Noni) Jabavu wazalelwa kusapho lwezifundiswa eMpuma Koloni ngama-1919. Wathi akubaneminyaka elishumi elinesithathu, wafunda eNgilandi, waqhubekeka ehlala phaya iminyaka emininzi. Waba ngomnye wababhali neentatheli zase-Afrika ezingamanina. Ngama-1955 uNoni Jabavu wabuyela eMzantsi Afrika wahlala iinyanga ezintathu. Watyelela uyise uNjingalwazi D.D.T. Jabavu waseForthare, nezizalwane eMpuma Koloni naseGoli. i’The Ochre People’ eyapapashwa okokuqala ngama-1963 yingxelo ecacileyo yohambo lwakhe nequlathe iinkumbulo ezicace gca neziqondakalayo zelizwe awayelithanda nabantu awadibana nabo.
“Ilizwi lombhali” kuDrawn in Colour nalo lingabangumdla:
UJabavu wasweleka nge-19 kweyeSilimela ngama-2008 eneminyaka engama-88. Lo mqolo ulandelayo obhalwe yimbongi uMakhosazana Xaba yimbeko efanelekileyo enokunikwa ngenxa yesakhono sakhe sokubhala nobuntatheli.
Isigqibo sam sokubhala ibali ngobomi bukaNoni Jabavu siqhutywe kukufuna ukwazi nokucaphuka okungazenzisiyo ngenxa yento ebibonakala kum njengokungaqatshelwa kwendima yakhe yokuqala njengombhali nentatheli. Ubani kufuneka afunde nje iincwadi zakhe ezimbini (uDrawn in Colour noThe Ochre People) ukuze abone ukuba wayenesiphiwo kangakanani njengombhali weziganeko zobomi. Iikholamu zomhleli zakhe zobuntathetheli zibonakalisa isimbo sokuchaza esakha umfanekiso-ngqonweni ebekufanele ukuba besingaqhelekanga ngexesha lakhe. Ngelixa bendinodliwano-ndlebe noWally Serote owayehlala eBotswana mgokuya uNoni wayehlala khona naye, ndifunde nto eqinisekise iingcinga zam zokuqala ngaye.
“Wayesithi thina madoda asikwazi ukunxulumana naye (uNoni). Wayelinina elaliphila ngaphaya kwamaxesha ethu.” Le nto ithetha lukhulu nangakumbi kuba uSerote yingcali yoncwadi nezenkcubeko yena kuqala.
UTiyo Soga
Umhlahlindlela wengqondi yeAfrika uTiyo Soga wazalelwa kwiphondo leMpuma Koloni ngonyaka we-1829. Unina yayinguNosuthu, uyise, uJotello Soga wayengumcebisi omkhulu weNkosi eyongameleyo yamaXhosa, iNkosi uNgqika.
USoga wahamba isikolo seemishinari apho uphawu lwakhe lobulunga lwaqatshelwa yimishinari, uWilliam Chalmers owamlungiselela ukuba abhale uviwo lokungena eTyhume kwisikolo sabafundisi ngonyaka we-1844.
Usoga kuviwo, wakhwankqiswa yingxaki yokuthabatha elula ebhodini. Nangona kunjalo, uChalmers waqinisekisa intloko yaseTyhume, uWilliam Govan amkele uSoga owathi ekuhambeni kwexesha wazibonakalisa, engomnye wabo bathathu babephumelele emagqabini phantse kuzo zonke izifundo zakhe.
Ngonyaka we-1846, “iMfazwe yeZembe” yehla ngakumda kwiphondo leMpuma Koloni, uSoga wazikhusela kunye nonina eFort Armstrong, waqhubeka nokufunda ebusuku ngomlilo. UWilliam Govon wagqiba kwelokubuyela eScotland kwaye wathathela uSoga kuye ukuqhubela phambili amathuba akhe.
USoga ekuthiwa waguqukela ngokugqibeleleyo kwinkolo yobuKrestu eseyinkwenkwana ngenxa yamava okholo awawafumana kwisikolo secawa, waye waphehlelelwa eScotland ngonyaka we-1848.Wabuyela kwiphondo leMpuma Koloni, ukusukela ngonyaka we-1849 wasebenza njengotitshala ngenkolo yobuKrisru nomvangeli phambi kokuba abuyele eScotland ayokufunda izifundo zobuThixo. USoga wathweswa isidanga kwizifundo zobuThixo kwiYunivesithi iGlascow enama-27 eminyaka, wabekwa njengomfundisi webandla i-United Presbyterian Church ngonyaka we-1856, umAfrika wokuqala ukuphumelela oku.
Ngonyaka we-1857, watshata nentokazi yaseScotland,uJanet Burniside. Babenabantwana abasixhenxe. Phambi kokuba abhubhe ngonyaka we-1871, wayalela abantwana bakhe,abanye ewayefuna bafumane imfundo eScotland, ingazange yabenzela ntloni into yokuba uyise wabo wayengum-Afrika. “Yiyo nayiphi na intwana elunge necwenge njengaleyo yehla kwimithambo yabazalwane bam abanyanisekileyo”, wabhala.
Wabiza abantwana bakhe ukonwabela inkumbulo ngomama wabo “njengonobulungisa, inkathalo noqoqosho, intokazi engumKrestu”. “Nakuhlala ninombulelo nokunxulumana kwenu nolumanyano nohlanga olumhlophe”, wabayalela. USoga wabonisa nokuqondana ngokobuzwe ngokubhekiselele kulwabelwano lohambo lwawo onke ama-Afrika, kuquka ukuthi saa kwamakholwa. Kuhambo lwakhe lokubuyela eMzantsi Afrika ngonyaka we-1857, wabhala into ngoku eyaziwa njengephephandaba lokuqala ukuveliswa ngumntu omnyama woMzantsi Afrika.
UNtsikana
Emveni kobukhwetha nokungena ebudodeni, uNtsikana wathwalelwa abafazi ababini. uNontsonta owabangumama kaKobe, uNomamto owabangumama kaDukwana nabaninawa bakhe ababini. Ekuswelekeni kukatata wakhe, uNtsikana wafumana ilifa. Ngelixesha uNtsikane wayeneembono. Wayenenkunzi yenkomo awayeyithanda Kunene, yayilubhelu inamacokoza amhlobhe ineempondo ezinkulu igama layo inguHulushe. Ngenye intsasa wavukela ebuhlanti waya waphawula imitha yelanga ekhanya ukodlula eminye ikhanya kwicala lale nkunzi. Wakhangela imvelaphi yalemitha. Xa ebuza uKobe owayemi ecaleni kwakhe ukuba usibonile na esi sehlo, ukobe waphendula ngelithi hayi andibonanga nto. UNtsikana wamangaliswa sesisehlo. Kwenzeka omnye ummangaliso kwangaloomini emtshatweni. UNtsikana waya waguduka nosapho lwakhe, kwalapha endleleni waya wavasa imbola yakhe. Akekho owayekuqonda okwenzekileyo kuye. Ekuhambeni kweentsuku waqala wandumzela iculo elaphela iliculo lakhe lecawa. Waxelela abantu ukuba kumele bathandaze, waqala ngoko ukubamba inkonzo rhoqo. Wathi mabangalimameli ela xhwele uNxele. Oku yaba sisiqalo sebandla lakhe. UNtsikane akazange ahlale eMission kodwa wayemndwendwela umfundisi uWilliams, nasekuswelekeni kuka Williams waqhubekeka endwendwela umfundisi uBrownlee. Phambi kokuba asweleke ngonyaka we-1821 wayecinga nzulu ngokuyokuhlala kwimissioni iChumie (Hodgson 1981,6). UNtsikana wabhala amaculo ecawa amane, elona laziwayo leli lakhe. Onke asafumaneka kwiincwadi zale mihla zamaculo ecawa.
Albertina Nontsikelelo Sisulu
UNkosikazi Nontsikelelo Albertina Sisulu wayengomnye wabantu abafaka isandla ekulweni ingcinezelo, nokwangumhlolokazi wegqala lomzabalazo uMnumzana uWalter Sisulu. Umzabalazo weli loMzantsi Afrika udale iinkokheli ezibo0nakalise ukukhalipha nokuzimisela okubalaseleyo ekujongneni nenkohlakalo yentshutshiso.
U- Albertina Sisulu ube phambili kumzabalazo phantse isiqingatha  sonke senkulungwane esilwa inkohlakalo nentshutshiso yenqala, eyeyibangelwa lulawulo ngokobuhlanga. Akabanga ngumzekelo ophilayo nje kumoya wentshukumo yenkululeko, kodwa kwindima ebalulekileyo edlalwa ngabafazi kuwo.
U- Albertina wabangomye woomama ababekhokele amawaka amanina awayesingisele kwiZakhiwo Zomanyano ePitoli, ngexesha le-Women’s March eyindumasi. UAlbertina wazalelwa Phesha-KweNciba ngomnyaka wama-1918. Kwimpilo kamama wakhe eyayingentle, uAlbertina owayeneminyaka elishumi elinanye wayalelwa nguyise owayesele elele kwikhuko lakhe lokufa ukuba aze ajonge abanakwabo kunye noodade bakhe.
U- Albertina wayenezicwangciso zokuba nguNongendi, kodwa endaweni yoko waphela egqiba ekubeni abe ngumongikazi ukuze ukubhatala izifundo zabantakwabo. Ngomnyaka wama- 1944 waye wazimanya ngeqhina lomtshato kunye noMnumzana uWalter Sisulu. Umyeni wakhe wamkhuthaza ekubeni azibandakanye nezopolitiko nasekuncedeni uluntu. Njengomongikazi wayila ucwangciso-ntsapho kummandla wase-Orlando.
Uthe ngomnayaka wama -1955 wazibandakanya nombutho we – A.N.C Women’s League. Ngomnyaka wama – 1956 u-Albetina ekunye noLilian Ngoyi, u-Helen Joseph kunye no-Amila Cachalia, bakhokela amawaka amanina ukusingisela ukusingisela kwiZakhiwo Zomanyano ePitoli ngexesha le Women’s March eyindumasi eyayichasene noluntu oluntsundu ekunyanzelisweni ukuba luphathe amapasi.
Abakwa Sisulu balizwa ngabantwana abahlanu; u-Max, uLungi, uZwelakhe, uLindiwe kunye noNkululeko, nabantwana abathathu ababamnkela njengababo. Aba ke ngabantwana bodadeka – Walter; u- Gerald, u- Beryl kunye no- Samuel, udade kaWalter wakhula evana kakhulu noWalter ngexa wayeseluvalelweni eRobben Island.
Bonke abantwana babo bakhulele endlwini yabo eyayiseSoweto. Baye bafudukela endlwini entsha eyayise- Linden, eRhawutini kwiminyaka emine nje phambi kokusweleka kuka tata u- Walter, U- Albertina wayigqithisela kubantwana babo imbophelelo yakhe kumzabalazo. Unyana wabo omkhulu u- Max wabanjwa eneminyaka eli-17, waya elubhacweni emva kokubanjwa kukayise e- Rivonia ngomnyaka wama- 1963.
Umntakwabo uZwelakhe wabandakanyeka kupapasho lwe- New Nation eyayisele inyinwe izihlandlo eziliqela. Naye wakhe wabanjwa iminyaka emibini ngaphandle kwengxoxo yetyala lakhe. Sele iyiminyaka engamshumi amahlanu u- Albertina wazibophelela kwi- Albertina Sisulu Foundatione egxile kwimiceli-mngeni abantwana nabantu abadala abajongene nayo. Waye wahlonitshwa ngokuzinikela kwakhe kumzabalazo owawuchasene nocalu-calulo kunye nomsebenzi wentlalo-ntle phakathi kwamanina kunye nabantwana, mhla i- World Peace Council yase- Basel, e- Switzerland yamonyula njengo mongameli wayo.
Ngomnyaka wama-2002 umolokazana wakhe u-Ellinor Sisulu washicilela ibali ngobomi babazali bomyeni wakhe, eyathiywa ngesihloko esithi, “Walter & Albertina Sisulu – In Our Lifetime” apho achaza khona ibali lesi sibini sibalaseleyo. Umama uSisulu wasweleka  ngequbuliso ekhayeni lakhe elise – Linden, eRhawutini eneminyaka engama- 92 ngomhla we – 2 KweyeSilimela ngomyaka wama- 2011.
UWellington Gqoba (1840-88)
UWilliam Wellington Gqoba (1840-88) wayedume kakhulu ngasekupheleni kwenkulungwane yethoba, kwizifundiswa zaseAfrika, nezaziphuma kummandla weMpuma-Koloni yoMzantsi Afrika.
Ngokomsebenzi, wayengumakhi weenqwelo, engumshumayeli osesikweni weFree Church of Scotland, engutitshala, engumbhali wembali, eyimbongi, engumbalisi weembali, iintsomi namaqhalo, ekwanguye nomhleli. Ngokufutshane ngobomi bakhe, usebenze kwiizitishi zemishini njengomfundisi womthetho-siseko wenkolo yobuKhrestu, waze wayigqibezela inkqubela-phambili yobomi bakhe njengomhleli wephepha-ndaba laseLovedale, Isigidimi samaXhosa, apho athe wayila waze wancedisa ekubhaleni izibongo ezithetha phandle ngokubhukuqa nokugweba imfundo yaseNtshona, ukulawulwa kwabantu abamnyama ngabaseNtshona nocalu-calulo ababephantsi kwalo. Lo kaGqoba wayengumfanekiso wendoda yomXhosa efundileyo. Ngokungenakulinganiswa nabani na, ngexesha lakhe lohlobo loluhlu lokubhala kwakhe, ebengumbhali weeleta, amabali eembali ezimfutshane, iinkcazelo zamaqhina, iimbali nezibongo, kuquka izibongo ezimbini ezide ezikwintlobo yeengxoxo-mpikiswano nezabakho ngaphezu kweminyaka engamashumi amahlanu kulwimi lwesiXhosa.
UNontsizi Mgqwetho
UNontsizi Mgqwetho ebehlala kwiGoldfields zaseWitwatersrand eMzantsi Afrika, kodwa akazange ayilibale imvela phi yakhe yasemaphandleni phesheya kwenciba, nakumaxesha angaphambili olonwabo apho ubukhosi bamaXhosa obuzimeleyo babukhululekile kwingcinezelo yabebala. Kwisithuba esingangeminyaka elishumi, ukususela ngo1920 ukuya ku1929, wabhala izibongo kwiphephandaba laseRhawutini Umthetheli wa Bantu, Nguye kuphela umntu wokuqala oyimbongi yasetyhini ukuvelisa umsebenzi onobutyebi kwisiXhosa.
Ngaphandle koku kuvelisiweyo kule mibhalo kuncinane kakhulu okwaziwayo ngobomi bakhe. Nge23 kaOkthobha 1920 wayevutha embokweni liqhayiya, umfutho emele izibongo zabasetyhini. Wayethumela imibongo rhoqo kweliphephandaba kwisithuba seminyaka emithathu ukusuka ku1924 ukuya ku1926. ukhe waphumla iminyaka emibini de imibongo yakhe emibini yokugqibela yaphuma ngoDisemba ka1928 nangoJanuwari ka1929. Waze wanyamalala kwisithukuthezi senzolo awayeqhamke kuyo.
Emva koko azange kuvakalento ngakwicala lakhe, kodwa ezi zibongo wazishiyayo zakhawuleza zamenza omnye wamagcisa amakhulu oncwadi akhe abhala isiXhosa. ulilizwi labasetyhini ababandezelekileyo omelana nolawulo ngamadoda, ukhokhelo olungahambeli ndawo, ukungazibandakanyi kwabantsundu, nomnqweno wokubukula nokohluka kwabebala, ukugxojwa kwezoqoqosho kunye nembali eyintlekele yenkulungwane yeshumi elinesithoba yokuhluthwa komhlaba nenkcubeko.
Amandla akhe uwafumana kunqulo olulolwakhe lwalowo unguThixo wamakrestu, nomama Afrika, nanjengempelesi yentsana zakhe, abo, agxininisa ukuba akudingeki baphendule kwizicelo zokubuya kwakhe  njengokuba engazange ahambe, wayexhathise kubantu bakhe abamphoxayo.
Njengokuba imbongi kwakuhlala iyindoda, UNontsizi wayengavinjwa umboko wokubonga esidlangalaleni angakwazi ukunika intlonipho inkosi. Iphephandaba labeka izibongo zakhe ngokusesikweni laze lamnika itikiti lokungena kumphakathi owaphika isithethe. Wayekhululekile ukubonakali/ukuvelisa ilizwi lembongi, wathathe ilungelo lembongi lokugxeka iinkokheli. Njengembongi wayegxile kwimikhuba yoluntu, ejonge ukubumba indlela yokuziphatha kwabantu nokuhlanganisa izenzo zabo.
Amajuba District Municipality
Amajuba nguMasipala weSithili yePhondo yaKwaZulu-Natala, eMzantsi Afrika.
Amparo AC
Amparo Athlético Club liqela lebhola saseBrazil ukusuka kwisixeko Amparo, imo São Paulo. Isekelwe April 28, 1919, imibala zabo emnyama namhlophe kunye igama lakhe ngu Mountain Lion. Saba ezingama imbonakalo-23 kukhuphiswano eziququzelelwe liSebe Paulista Football Federation.
imbali
Igama lakho ugcina upelo loqobo, apho "Athlético" kubhalwe with "H" - nto leyo isenza ingqalelo kule mihla, ebonisa uthando nenkathalo Amparense wasilela ukugcina noontanga babo - njengokuba Paulista, Guarani, preta kunye Bragantino Bridge umzekelo, kodwa kukho iingxelo ngxabano yeqhawe nxamnye ebizwa ngokuba "Enkulu" - becala uloyiso phezu Sao Paulo kwi Paulista Capital.
Iqela eyimbangi imbali yengingqi i Ihlathi AC, yasekwa emva konyaka, ngowe-1920, yaye usukuzwano wasiza ukugcina ukhuphiswano amaqela. Ngowe-1929, ihlathi isithsaba yintshatsheli Interior ngu APEA. Yintoni umphumo? Isihloko kunyaka olandelayo wahlala e Amparo, kodwa eli xesha ezandleni Atletico kwi wokugqibela emangalisayo, wadlala nxamnye Paulista de Jundiaí, emdlalweni owaphela 6-2.
Ukuze babhiyozele isihloko, Atletico Bragantino umenyiwe, omnye imbangi yengingqi umdlalo lobuhlobo strong in 1931 yaye iphicothwe yi 4-1.
Ngexesha engahlawulwayo, oyimbangi ephambili Mountain Lion aba Uncedo Forest and Bragantino of Bragança Paulista, zazisoloko imidlalo ezinkulu kunye nemali eninzi zoluntu, ngaphandle ukusukuzana omkhulu ngelo xesha.
I-Mountain Lion liyifumene bi-yintshatsheli Interior (ngo-1930 no-1952), kunye nezinye izihloko kwi amaqela ezisisiseko kukhuphiswano zikarhulumente - ukuqokelela ukufikelela kunye ekwehleni kwiminyaka.
Ngowe-1984, Atletico wagqiba ekubeni kude webhola ohlawulwayo, ukuze loo nto ibenza abalandeli zabo kunye nabantu Amparo. Emva koko, i-Amparo waba wabonakala eye- professional e Series A-3 ka-92 kunye nama-93, Series B-2 ka-1998 no-2000 Series B-3, 2001 no Series B-1 (Division yangoku) ngo-2006 no-2010.
Ngo-2010, ayidlalileyo kwiCandelo yesiBini Championship, yaye akazange enze iphulo elungileyo, kuquka ethwele ngophanziso enkulu 9-0 Desportivo Brazil kumjikelo wokugqibela kwesigaba 1 of lobuntshatsheli.
Amafa isimo
- 1948 - 1949 - 1976 - 1980 - 1981 - 1982 - 1983 - 1984 - 1954 - 1956 - 1968 - 1969 - 1977 - 1978 - 1979 - 1992 - 1993 - 1962 - 2006 - 2010 - 2015 - 2016 - 2017 - 1998 - 2000 - 2001
Ilihlo
I lihlo lingungu lomzimba elisisazinge elisetyenziswa ukuva ukukhanya ukuze izilwanyana zikwazi ukubona. Zimalunga ne97 yeephesenti izilwanyana ezinamehlo. Image-resolving eyes are present in cnidaria, molluscs, chordates, annelids and arthropods.
Intaba yomgaqosiseko
Imbali
Intaba Yomgaqosiseko isekelwe kwisitrato se 11 Kotze Goli eBraamfontein. Isecaleni kwase Hillbrow.Umgaqo siseko sisihlalo senkundla yomgaqo siseko waseMzantsi Afrika.Indluli ngaphambili yayiyi ndawo yeqaba eyathi kamva yasetyenziswa njengentolongo.Indawo yase Old FORT prison yaziwa ngokuba yinombolo yesine.Intolongolo yasekuqaleni yakhiwele ukuhlala amabanjwa amhlophe angamadoda ngo 1892.I-Old Fort yakhiwa kule ntolongo ngu paul kruger ukusukela kunyaka ka we 1899 ukukhusela iriphabliki yase Mzantsi Afrika kwisongelo lokuhlasela kwe Britheyini.Emva kwexesha iinkokheli zemvazwe ze Anglo-Boer zavalelwa apha yi Britheyini.Intolongo yase Old Fort exesheni yandiswa ukuba ibandakanye iseli 'zemveli', ezibizwa ngokuba licandelo 4 kunye necandelo 5, kwaye,ngo1707, kongezwa labasetyhini, iGail yabasetyhini.Ibhlokhi yokulinda enlindelekileyo yakhiwa ngowe 1920s.Zombini izishoshovu zopolitiko ezazichasene nocalucalulo kunye nezikrelemnqa eziqhelekileyo zabanjwa kule ntolongo,kwathi ngo 1907, 1913 nangowe 1922 kwabanjwa abamhlophe.Ngexesha localucalulo,indawo yokubanjwa yabaphikisi abachasene nocalucalulo ngo 1907.I-1913 kunye ne 1922 ezo zithathwa njenge 'anti-kuanzisha'kunye nabo baphule imithetho nje yelo xesha.UMahatma Gandhi wavalelwa apha ngo 1906.UNelson Mandela, uJoe Slovo, uBram Fischer, uRobert Sobukwe kunye no Albert Luthuli ngamanye amabanjwa lawo adumileyo.Ngesi sizathu ikwabizwa ngokuba yi'Robben Island' yase Rhawutini ngenxa yokubamba amabanjwa azopolitiko.Indawo yayihlala amabanjwa kwaze kwangowe 1983, xa kwakuvalelwa amatshantliziyo yayihlala ibanjwa ilinde amabanjwa aze athyunyelwe eRobben Island okanye ePitoli ukuya ejele.
Ilihlo
Kwizilwanyana ezincancisayo, zimbini iintlobo zeecell, yirods kunye necones, zivumela ukubona ngokuthi zithumele umyalezo ngeoptic nerve oyaengqondweni.
Intaba yomgaqosiseko
Imbali
Ukuqhekeza ibhiya ngumsebenzi ongekho emthethweni ukuba umnyama kuba ubeka abantu basetyhini ejele,imeko eboniswe kwi Women Gaol.Ukanti abanye babanjwa besabelana ngesondo ngaphaya komqobo wombala okanye ngokwesini esifanayo.Phakathi kwezinto ebezixeliwe ngexesha lovalelwa, umdaniso ohlazisayo 'Tauza', ukubetha kwetyala elinegama elingu 4 lamadoda amnyama, ukuvalelwa iinyanga ezintandathu kwiindawo ezimdaka, kwiindawo ezixineneyo, kwindawo yokulinda ityala, okanye ukukhuthuzwa ngaphantsi kunye nesidima saba bakwi Gaol yabasetyhini.I-Old Fort yabhengezwa njengelitye lesizwe ngo-1964 nangona yaqhubeka njengejele elisebenzayo de kwangowe-1987, emva koko izakhiwo kunye nendawo yonke zathwaxwa kukumgakhathalelwa nokonaliswa.Umgaqo siseko Hill wavula iingcingo zawo njengemyusiyamu ngonyaka ka-2004, ukhenketho luthatha iindwendwe kwiimyuziyamu ezintathu zentolongo, iNombolo yesine, iGaol yabasetyhinikunye ne-Old Fort.Esi siza sibonisa inkundla yomgaqo-siseko kunye nokuqokelelwa kwenkundla yemisebenzi yobugcisa yaseMzantsi Afrika engama-200.
Ilihlo
ezinye izilwanyana zinakho ukubona ukukhanya okungenakubonwa ngabantu. Zinankho ukubona ukukhanya koomabonakude okanye ukukhanya okungaphezulu koko kuqhelekileyo.
Intaba yomgaqosiseko
Imbali
Idangatye Lentando Yesininzi
Ilihlo
I"nwebu" engaphambi kwelihlo isebenza njengekhamera. Ingatsalwa yimisonto yemyama engaphakathi kulo ibesibaca ngakumbi, okanye iphinde iiyekelele ibuyele endaweni yalo ikhamera yelihlo ibesisazinge kwakhona. Ngokuya abanye abantu bekhula ngokukhula, bangangakwazi ukwenza oku ngokugqibeleleyo. Abantu abaninzi bazalwa benezinye ingxakana ezininzi okanye badibane nezi ngxaki ebudaleni babo, baze ke ngoko bafune izpeks zamehlo (okanye "iinwebu ezenzelwe ukubona"') ngeenjongo zokusombulula le ngxaki.
Intaba yomgaqosiseko
Imbali
Umlilo ovutha amalongotye kwindawo yomgaqo-siseko eRhawutini, eMzantsi Afrika.Ngaphandle kweminyango yamaplanga yesakhiwo senkundla, embindini weplaza kwaye eyakhelwe kwelinye lamanqwanqwa wentolongo endala yiLanganye Ledemokhrasi.Umlilo waqaqanjelwa nge-10 ka-Disemba ngo-2011 xa uMzantsi Afrika ubhiyozela isikhumbuzo seminyaka eli-15 yokutyikitywa komgaqo siseko.
Umhlaba
Umhlaba (ngamanye amaxesha ubizwa ngokuba kukungcola) ngumxube wamatye, iziqendwana zeeminerali, izinto zendalo (eziphilayo nezingaphiliyo), amanzi, kunye nomoya. Ubukhulu becala umhlaba wenziwe ngeenkozwana zamatye athe angqubana entlitheka ngenxa yezivungu-vungu zomoya ovuthuzayo, izandyondyo zemvula, ilanga, ikhephu, njalo-njalo, noqhekeko lwamatye. Uhlobo lomhlaba luluxhomekeke kumxube wamatye aqhekekileyo nakubungakanani beenkozo zamatye. Iinkozo zingancinane kakhulu kunjalo nje zibebuthelezi, njengodongwe, okanye zingankulu ngaphezu kokuba zinkulu kakade, njengeenkozo zentlabathi okanye zisenokuba njengeengqalutye zamatye, Imihlaba ibaluleke kakhulu kwindlela izinto zendalo ezinxibelelana ngayo ngenxa yezi zizathu zintandathu: okokuqala, imihlaba yindawo apho zikhula khona izityalo; okwesibini, imihlaba ilawula isantya nokucoceka kwamanzi ahamba kuwo; okwesithathu, imihlaba ihlaziya iityuwa ezisuka kwizilwanyana nezityalo ezifileyo; okwesine, imihlaba itshintsha umoya ojikeleze umhlaba, obizwa ngokuba yi-atmosphere; okwesihlanu, imihlaba yindawo ekuhlala kuyo izilwanyana, izinambuzane, kunye nezinto eziphilayo ezincinane kakhulu ekuthiwa ziimicroorganisms; okwesithandathu, imihlaba zezona zixhobo zidala ezisetyenziswa ukwakha izakhiwo. Imozulu ibaluleke kakhulu xa kusenzeka umhlaba. Umhlaba ovela kwiimozulu ngeemozulu unganezakhiwo ezahlukeneyo izakhiwo ngokwahlukana kweentlobo zomhlaba apho usuka khona.
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Umhlaba sisijikelezi -langa sesithathu ukusuka eLangeni kwaye yindawo ekukuphela kwayo eyaziwayo kwindalo yonke apho ubomi bavela khona kwaye bafumana indawo yokuhlala. Ngelixa uMhlaba usenokungaqulathanga imithamo emikhulu yamanzi kwiSolar System, nguMhlaba kuphela ogcina amanzi angaphezulu kwamanzi, adlulela ngaphezu kwe-70.8% yesijikelezi-langa nolwandle lwayo, nto leyo eyenza ukuba libe lihlabathi lolwandle. Imimandla yencam encanyana okwangoku igcina uninzi lwawo onke amanye amanzi anamashiti amakhulu omkhenkce agqume ulwandle nomhlaba, athomalalisa amanzi aphantsi komhlaba, amachibi, imilambo kunye namanzi omoya. Enye i 29.2% yomphezulu woMhlaba ngumhlaba, oquka amazwekazi neziqithi, kwaye ugqunyelelwe ngokubanzi luhlaza. Ngaphantsi komphezulu weplanethi kukho uqweqwe, oluqulathe iipleyiti zetectonic ezininzi ezihamba kancinane, ezinxibelelana ukuvelisa udederhu lweentaba, iintaba-mlilo, kunye neenyikima. Ngaphakathi kuqweqwe loMhlaba kukho undoqo ongaphandle wolwelo ovelisa imagnethi, ejikisa uninzi lwemimoya etshabalalisayo yelanga kunye nemitha ye-cosmic.
I-uranium
I-Uranium yi-Khemikhali (imetal) kwi-periodic table. ine-atomic number engunombolo 92, into ethetha okokuba i-atom ye-uranium inee-protons ezingama-92 kumphakathi wayo obizwa ngokuba y-i-nucleus. I-Uranium eyombiwa emhlabeni izakwenziwa kwii-isotopes zentlobo ze-uranium ezintathu ezinamanani eeneutrons ezahlukeneyo kwii-nuclei zazo: Inkoliso yayo y-iranium-238; i-uranium-235 ayixhaphakanga kangako; i-uranium-234 yeyona inqabe kakhulu. I-Pitchblende yeyona ingundoqo eyembelwa i-uranium.
Umlinganiselo
Ukwenza ”umlinganiselo” wento kuxa iimpawu ezithile zento zinikwa inombolo. Ukwenza umlinganiselo wento kukubeka ubungakanani bayo ngamanani. Umlinganiselo ungabhalwa ngokuthi kusetyenziswe izinto ezininzi ezahlukileyo.
Yintoni ekungenziwa kuyo umlinganiselo?
Izinto ezininzi kungenziwa kuzo umlinganiselo. Ezinye zeempawu zezinto ekungenziwa kuzo umlinganiselo:
Ungenza umlinganiselo wezinto ezininzi.
Izinto ekwenziwa kuzo umlinganiselo
Uninzi lweempahla xa kusenziwa umlinganiselo wazo kusetyenziswa inombolo kunye i-unit of measurement [[nento yomlinganiselo. Into yomlinganiselo sisixa esimisiweyo. Inombolo ithelekisa impahla kwesa sixa simisiweyo. Oko kuthetha okokuba umthi obude bawo buzimitha eziphindwe kalishumi kuleyo yoluthi ebude buimitha ubude bawo buzimitha ezili-10.
Halle (Saale)
Halle (Saale) ngumzi eJamani. Uqhekekile umzi ibekwe Saxony-Anhalt.
KuTsolo
UTsolo yenye yeedolophu zephondo leMpuma Koloni kweloMzantsi Afrika. Eli liphondo elalifudula lahlulwe langamaphandle amabini ngexa lengcinezelo eMzantsi Afrika. La maphandle yaye iyiTranskei kunye neCiskei, ohlulwe ngumlambo iNciba. UTsolo lo ke yenye yeedolophu ezaziphantsi kweTranskei ngela lixa. Idolophu okanye isixeko sakuTsolo njengazo zonke ezinye iidolophu zaseTranskei ingqongwe ziilali ezininzi ngolona hlobo lumangalisayo.
Kubantu abaziwayo abaphuma kule dolophu ndingathi ndibalule umbhali weencwadi zesiXhosa owaziwayo uArchibald Campbell Mzolisa Jordan, umbhali wencwadi ethandwa kakhul luluntu iNgqumbo Yeminyanya, owazalelwa wakhulela kwilali iMbokothwane, ekuTsolo.
Ingqondo
Ingqondo yenye yeendawo ezilapha emntwini ekucingwa, kuqiqwe, kwenziwe imibono, iminqweno, kunyeneemvakalelo. Kwezinye iinkolo abantu bacinga okokuba ingqondo yahlukene nomzimba kwaye ibizwa ngokuba ngumphefumlo (jonga idualism). Ngokwenzululwazi, le nto abanye abantu bathi yingqondo yenziwa ngokupheleleyo kukusebenza kobuchopho. Inkcuba buchopho yefilosofi uGilbert Ryle uyibiza ingqondo njenge"Sporho esikumatshini", kwaye izimvo zokuba yahlukile ebuchotsheni kwaba yimpazamo yo"Mthetho ogunyaziswe ngokwaseburhulumenteni ".
Baninzi abantu abenza ingxwabangxwaba malunga nokokuba yintoni kanye le eyenza ingqondo. Abanye bathi kukuqiqa nokukhumbula kuphela okufumaneka engqondweni, kuba ziyingqiqo. ngokwalo mbono iimvakalelo ezifana nothando, ukucaphukela, ukoyika kunye nouvuyo zahlukile engqondweni. Abanye abantu abanalo mbono bathi iindlela zovakalelo ziyinxalenye yentliziyo. Abanye bathi imo yokuqiqa and neyeemvakalelo ayinakwahlukana kunjalo nje zonke kufuneka zibeyinxalenye yale nto kuthiwa yingqondo. Abantu basoloko besebenzisa ingqondo njengentsingiselo enye noku[[cinga: indlela esithetha sedwa ngayo "ngaphakathi kwiintloko zethu". Kulapho kukho iintetho ezithi "sebenzisani iingqondo zenu.", "tshintsah iingqondo zethu" kwanee[["ngqondo ezimbini" zivela khona. Enye yezinto zengqondo ebalulekileyo ngokwale ntetho kukuba isekhusini. Akukho mntu ungomnye u[[''nokwazi iingqondo zethu."
Ukhwekhwe lwexhwili
Le nyamakazi ilixhwili yinyamakazi eyahlal inokhwekhwe olungapheliyo. selisithi ke into ukuba ayivumi ukwahlukana nenye, sekusithiwa lukhwekhwe lwexhwili. URuti waba lukhwekhwe lwexhwili kuNahomi, uninazala, akavuma ukwahlukana naye. Isifo esithi sinyangwa sibe singaphumi, kuthiwa lukhwekhwe lwexhwili.
E-Tiburon
ITiburon lelinye lamazwana aseMelika.
1987–88 Primera B Nacional
I-1987-88 yase-Argentine Primera B Nacional yayingu-2º wonyaka wezakhono zecandelo lesibini kwibhola lebhola e-Argentina. Amanqaku angama-22 ahlangene; Iqhawe kunye nomgijimi-uphuculo lwaphakanyiswa kwi-Argentine Primera División.
Rio Aquidabán
I Rio Aquidabán i umlambo Ukuhlamba Paraguay. Wazalelwa Amambay y entabeni lomqolo ubaleka kwicala empuma-ntshona for km 250 kuwo onke amasebe ka Amambay kunye Concepcion, ephela e Paraguay River ebingasentla komzi ka Concepcion. Kuyinxalenye La Plata Basin aphambili ngabafakwa uviko unguye Trementina kunye Negla imilambo yawo.
Yafumana udumo War of Paraguay, ngenxa yokuba kufuphi kwenzeka Battle of Cerro Cora kwi Matshi 1 of 1870, eyaphelela umlo, kunye nokufa Solano Lopez.
Namhlanje yenye yeendawo owuthandayo lokuloba kunye imidlalo eyingozi, ngenxa yabo engxangxasi.
Umzinyathi District Municipality
Umzinyathi nguMasipala weSithili yePhondo yaKwaZulu-Natala, eMzantsi Afrika.
E-Marin County
IMarin County lelinye lamazwana aseMelika.
INamibia
INamibia lilizwe elinomda woMzantsi Afrika kuMntla-Mpuma.
Sfiso Ncwane
Sfiso Ncwane wazalelwa kwidoluphu yasePort Shepstone waze wahamba emhlabeni ngonyaka wama-2016.Wayesaziwa ngeculo elisihloko sithi "Kul'ngile baba". Abantwana bakhe ngu Nomthandazo Mickey Ngcobo, Snqobile Mzelemu, Mandisa Mseleku ,Nothile Ngcweti Kanye no Mawenzokuhle Ncwane
Ubuchopho
Ubuchopho lilungu lomzimba elisenza, nezinye izilwanyana, make sense of the world. It gets input from sense organs, and changes behaviour in response to this information. In humans, the brain also controls our use of language, and is capable of abstract thought. The brain is the control centre of the whole body. The brain is made up of a special type of cells. They are connected with each other and with the nerves in our body. In all animals the delicate brain is protected in some way. In ourselves, and all vertebrates, it is protected by the bones of the skull.
Isisila senkukhu sibonwa mhla ligquthayo
Ubunjani bomntu buvela mhla anomsindo okanye kukubi
Isikhonkwane
Isikhonkwane yinto eyinkcenkce enentloko esibaca kunye nomphambili wayo omde nocwejileyo. Isando okanye isibetheleli sikhonkwane sisetyenziswa ngokubekwa kwenye into. sisoloko sisetyenziswa ukudibanisa izinto ezimbini.