cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Amathe
Amathe yinto engamanzi eyenziwa emilonyeni yabantu nakwinxalenye yezilwanyana. Amathe aqala ulwetyiso lokutya emlonyeni, aze amanzise ukutya ukuze ukutya kuginyeke lula. Ngamanye amaxesha amathe kuthiwa ''ngumtsico."
Aliwal North
Aliwal North (IsiBhulu: Aliwal-Noord) (isiSotho: Maletswai) idolophi enkabeni eMzantsi Afrika kwa Orange/Senqu River, imi kwiPhondo laseMpuma Koloni (Eastern Cape Province). Aliwal North kuyinto esihlalweni "Walter Sisulu Local Municipality" ngaphakathi "Joe Gqabi District Municipality".
2014 Campeonato Brasileiro Série A
I - 2014 Campeonato Brasileiro Série A waba 58th uhlelo lwemfundiso Campeonato Brasileiro Série A, phezulu-inqanaba elinolwazi name kwi-Brazil. Cruzeiro, wayekhusela champions, uphumelele isihloko se-okwesibini kumqolo anesine kwinto yonke. I-championship wayenolwazi isithuba phakathi ninth kwaye oweshumi umjikelo we ngenxa 2014 FIFA World Cup, apho obubanjwe phakathi juni kwaye julayi kwi-Brazil. Cruzeiro wathabatha kukhokela kwi-macala onke 6 kwaye ukususela ngoko kwi, staying ngaloo indawo, ifumana i-isihloko emva 2-1 victory phezu Goiás kwi - Mineirão stadium, umjikelo 36.
Kwelinye icala itheyibhile, Criciúma, ukuba ndikulo relegation eselunxwemeni ukusukela umjikelo 17, kwaye igcine lokugqibela kwindawo ukusukela umjikelo 30, waba relegated emva 1-1 zoba ngokuchasene Flamengo, kanjalo kwi-macala onke 36. Ngendlela elandelayo macala onke, Botafogo waba relegated emva yokulahla ukuba Santos ngo 2-0. Kwi-umjikelo wokugqibela, Palmeiras, ngaphandle kuphela yokufumana a zoba yayo yokugqibela thelekisa, ngokuchasene Atlético Paranaense, guaranteed yayo survival kwi kuqala ukwahlula emva uyawoyisa yayo competitors, Vitória kwaye boa_ vista.
Ifomati
Kuba twelfth consecutive lokulima, tournament ngu idlalwe kwi double umjikelo-robin indlela. Eli qela kunye kakhulu inani amanqaku ekupheleni kwexesha lokulima ngu wavakalisa champion, ngexesha ezantsi ezine njengesiqhelo ingaba relegated kwaye ukudlala kwi - Campeonato Brasileiro Série B kwi-2015 lokulima.
Ngamazwe qualification
I-Série A usebenza njengokuba qualifier ukuba CONMEBOL's 2015 Copa Libertadores. Phezulu-ezintathu njengesiqhelo kwi-imiphakamo bafanele ukuba Yesibini Iqonga le-ukhuphiswano, ngeli wesine indawo kwi-imiphakamo bafanele Ekuqaleni Kwethuba.
Ikhompyutha
Ikhompyutha ngu-matshini (ubukhulu becala uhamba ngombane) okwaziyo ukuthatha ulwazi (ngamanye amagama i-input), ukwenza umsebenzi othile okanye ukwenza utshintsho kolo lwazi lukhoyo ngelo xesha (oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-process), ukuze kudidiyelwe ulwazi olutsha olubizwa ngokuba yi-output). Iikhompyutha zibekho kakhulu kwimbali yoluntu. Imizekelo yeekhompyutha zamandulo zii-astrolabe kunye nee-abacus. Mine imigaqo yokusebenza kwekhompyutha, yile: i-inputting, kukungeniswa kolwazi kwikhompyutha; i-outputting, ukugcinwa nokusetyenzwa kolwazi olungenisiweyo. Zizo zone ke iindlela zokunceda ukuba isebenze ikhompyutha.
Iikhompyutha zangoku zahluke kakhulu kwiikhompyutha zamandulo. Ezi zikhoyo ziimatshini ezisebenzisa amandla ombane ngakumbi. Kangangakuba ziyakwazi ukwenza izigidi-gidi zokubala ngomzuzwana ngamnye. Uninzi lwabantu lusebenzisa i-personal computer emakhayeni abo okanye kwiindawo abasebenza kuzo. Iikhompyutha zibaluleke kakhulu kwiintlobo-ntlobo zemisebenzi ngokwahlukana kwayo, apho i-automation kuyinto ebaluleke kakhulu. eminye imizekelo kukulawula ii-traffic lights, ii-vehicle computers, iinkqubo zokhuseleko, ii-washing machines kunye nee-digital televisions.
Iikhompyutha zisenokwenzelwa ukuba zenze nantoni na engolwazi. Iikhompyutha zisetyenziselwa ukulawula iifektri, nebezisoloko zilawulwa ngabantu kwiminyaka egqithileyo. Zikwakho nasemakhaya, apho zisetyenziswa kwizinto ezifana nokumalela ingoma, ukufunda iindaba, nokubhala.
Iikhompyutha zanamhlanje ziimatshini ezihamba ngoombane. Ikhompyutha ibaluleke kuphela xa inazo zombini i-hardware kunye ne-software. I-hardware yingqokolela yezi zinto sizibona ngamehlo sitsho sithi nantsi ikhompyutha - umzekelo, i-keyboard, i-mouse, i-screen, i-tower, kunye nee-circuits ezingaphakathi kuyo. I-Software yi-program yeekhompyutha, (ezinemiyalelo yakwamathematika). I-software isebenzisa i-hardware, xa kanye loo mntu uyisebenzisayo eyinika imiyalelo ize yona iyitshintshe ibe sisiphumo esilulutho eluntwini.
Iikhompyutha zisenokwenziwa ukuze zikwazi ukwenza phantse nantonina enolwazi. Iikhompyutha zisetyenziswa ukulawula iifektri, ezazisoloko zilawulwa ngabantu. Zikwakho nasekhaya, apho zisetyenziswa kwizinto ezifana nokumamela umculo, ukufunda iindaba, kwanokubhala.
Iikhompyutha ezininzi zanamhlanje zenza iintlobo zokubala ezizigidi-gidi. Zenza izibalo zemathematika imathematika ngokukhawuleza kodwa iikhomptha azikwazi "kucinga" zona ngokwazo. Zilandela nje imiyalelo kwii-programs zazo.
Iikhompyutha programs zenzelwe okanye zibhalwa zii-programmers zekhompyutha. Ii-programmers ezimbalwa zizibhala ngolwimi oluqondwa ziikhompyutha ii-programs olo lwimi lwaziwa ngokuba y-i-machine code. Ii-programs ezininzi zisebenzisa ulwimi lwe-programming olunjenge-C++, i-Java, kunye nePython. Ezii ntlobo zeelwimi lwe-programming zifana kakhulu nolwimi oluthethayo nolubhalayo mihla le. I-program ebizwa ngokuba yi-compiler iguqulela imiyalezo yalowo uyisebenzisayo iyise kwi-binary code (i-machine code) eyakuthi ikhompyutha iyiqonde ize yenze oko kufunekayo.
Inkcazo
Ikhompyutha ngumatshini ohamba ngombane onceda ekubeni kubelula ukusombulula iingxaki ngokukhawuleza nangokulula. Isombulula iingxaki ngokwemiyalelo eyinikwe nguloo msebenzisi wayo obizwa ngokuba zii-programs okanye i-software. Ngumatshini o-digital(osebenzisa ii-binary digits) nosetyenziswa kuwo onke amacandelo ophando.
I-Automation
Uluntu lunengxaki nge-maths. Uzuyiqonde loo nto, khawuzame ukubala u-584 x 3,220 ngentloko. kunzima ukukhumbula onke amanqanaba! Abantu benza izixhobo zokubanceda ukuze bakhumbule okokuba bebemi phi na kwezi ngxaki ze-maths. Enye ingxaki abanayo abantu yeyokokuba kufuneka baphinda-phinde besebenzana nale ngxaki amaxesha ngaxesha. Umntu osebenza ethilini kufuneka ayibale ngentloko itshintshi yabantu yonke imihla, okanye ayibale ephepheni. yonke loo migudu itya ixesha elininzi kwaye angade enze iimpazamo kuloo nto. Ngoko ke, abantu benza ii-calculators ezizakuphinda-phinda ziwenza lo msebenzi. Le ndawo kwi-compyutha ibizwa ngokuba y"i-history of automated calculation," intetho eshunqulelwe kakuhle kule ithi "imbali yeematshini eyenza kubelula kum ukuphinda-phinda ndisenza lengxaki ye-maths ngaphandle kokwenza iimpazamo."
I-abacus, i-slide rule, i-astrolabe kunye ne-Antikythera mechanism (ezimihla yazo yalathwa kwiminyaka ye-150-100 BC) yimizekelo yeematshini ze-automated calculation.
I-Programming
Abanye abantu abafuni matshini ozakuphinda-phinda usenza into enye ngalo lonke ixesha. Imizekelo, ibhokisi yomculo ngumatshini odlala umculo omnye rhoqo. Abanye abantu bafuna ukuba bakwazi ukuwuxelela umatshini wabo ukuba wenze izinto ezahlukileyo. Umzekelo, bafuna ukuyixelela ibhokisi yeengoma ukuba idlale ingxubevange yeengoma ngalo lonke ixesha. Baafuna ukuba bakwazi uku-programa ibhokisi yeengoma - bakwazi ukuyinika imiyalelo yokwenza ingxubevange yomculo. Eli candelo lembali yekhompyutha libizwa ngokuba y"i-history of programmable machines" intetho entle ephuma kwintetho ethi "Imbali yeematshini endinokuzinika imiyalelo yokokuba zenze ingxubevange yezinto ukuba nje ndiyakwazi ukuthetha ulwimi lwazo."
Omnye wemizekelo yokuqala yokwakhiwa kwazo yeyesakhiwo sikaHero of Alexandria (c. 10–70 AD). Waakha i-mechanical theater eyadlala umdlalo owathatha ishumi lemizuzu, kwaye lo mdlalo wawusenziwa nge-complex system yeentambo okanye iiruphu kunye nezigubhu okanye ii-drums. Ezi-ruphu nee-drums zazilulwimi lwematshini- zaziyalela ukuba mayenze ntoni, iyenze nini na loo nto imatshini. Abanye abantu baathi le yimatshini yokuqala e-programmable.
Iingcali zezembali azivumelani ngomba omalunga nokokuba ingaba zeziphi na iimatshini zokuqala ezaba z "iikhompyutha". Abaninzi bathi y"i-castle clock", i-astronomical clock eyenziwa ngu-Al-Jazari ngo-1206, yeyokuqala ukwaziwa programmable analog computer. Abanye bathi ikhompyutha yokuqala yeenziwa ngu-Charles Babbage. u-Al - Jazari's waabonisa i-zodiac, i-solar kunye ne-lunar orbits, i-crescent moon emile njengenyanga i-pointer eyayihamba inqumla indlela eya egayithini eyayisenza iingcango ezazivuleka qho ngeyure, kunye neemvumi ezazingathi zirobots ezintlanu ezazidlala umculo xa zibethwa nge-lever. Ubude bemini nobusuku bungatshintshwa (AKA re-programmed) yonke imihla ukuze kujongelwe ingqalelo ukutshintsha kobude bemini nobusuku unyaka wonke. U-Ada Lovelace waziwa nje ngomntu wokuqala ukuba yi-programmer.
Ixesha le-khompyu-ting
Kwathi xa kuphela ixesha le-Middle Ages, abantu eYurophu bacinga okokuba i-math ne-engineering zibaluleke kakhulu. Ngo-1623, uWilhelm Schickard weenza i-mechanical calculator. Baza ke abanye abantu bakwaseyurophu balandela ekhondweni ngokuthi benze ezinye ezininzi ii-calculators. Zazingezo khompyutha zanamhlanje kuba umsebenzi wazo yayikukubala kuphela, ukudibanisa okanye ukongeza inani kwelinye, ukuthabatha okanye ukucutha inani kwelinye, kwanokuphinda-phinda inani ngelinye - wawungenakuyitshintsha into eziyenzileyo uzenze zenze enye into enjengokuba uzenze zidlale i-Tetris. Ngenxa yoku sithi zazingekho-programmable.
Ngo-1801, uJoseph Marie Jacquard wasebenzisa i-punched paper cards xa exelela i-textile loom yakhe okokuba hlobo luni lwe-pattern olumelwe kukolukwa. wayesenokusebenzisa amakhadi e-punch ukuxelela i-loom ukuba yenze ntoni na, kwaye wayesenokuwatshintsha amakhadi e-punch,  oko kuthethe okokuba wayesenokuyi-programa i-loom ukuze yoluke ipattern ayifunayo. Oko kuthetha okokuba i-loom yayi-programmable.
U-Charles Babbage wafuna umatshini ofana nalo kodwa ke wona ube ngumatshini okwaziyo ukubala. Wawubiza ngokuba y-"i-Analytical Engine". Kwathi kuba u-Babbage wayengamali yanelelyo wasoloko eyitshintsha i-design yakhe xa athe wanombono ongcono, zange ayakhe i-Analytical Engine yakhe.
Kwathi ngokuya kuhamba ixesha, zaya zithandwa ngokya zithandwa iikhompyutha. Kwaba yinto ehamba yodwa ekuqaleni. Kungokuba abantu baya bekruquka kukusoloko besenz ainto enye ngalo lonke ixesha. Khawufan'ucinge xa unokuhla ubhala izinto kwikhadi le-index ubomi bakho bonke,uzigcina, uze uphinde kwakhona uhambe uyekuzifuna. I-U.S. Census Bureau yango-1890 yayinamakhulu-khulu abantu ababesenza loo nto nje kuphela. Baakruquka abantu de banodandatheko, de bathi, "Kufanel'ukuba kubekho indlela elula yokwenza le nto." Kwaza ke ngoko kwakho mntu uthile ukrelekrele ngengqondo owazama indlela yokwenza okokuba iimatshini zenze umsebenzi omninzi. U-Herman Hollerith wazama ukujonga okokuba angawenza njani na umatshini ongakwazi ukwengeza ulwazi oluqokolelwe yi-Census bureau. I-Computing Tabulating Recording Corporation (eyathi kamva yayi-IBM) yenza ii-matshini zakhe, kwaye wonke umntu wayonwabela loo nto. Bazonwabela de imatshini zabo zophuka, zaxinga, zaza zafuna ukulungiswa. kundeli lixa ke i-Computing Tabulating Recording Corporation yaqala ukufuna inkxaso ye-tech.
Ngenxa yeematshini ezinje nezi, kwaqala kwakho iindlela ezintsha zokuthetha nezi matshini, kwaba ke kukuzalwa kweekhompyutha njengokuba sele sizibona.
Iikhompyutha ze-Analog ne-Digital
Kanye kwisiqinga seminyaka yenkulungwane yama-20, zaqala iingcali ukusebenzisa iikhompyutha, ubukhulu becala boyena nobangela kukuba iingcali zinomsebenzi omninzi we-math abafunisela ngayo kwaye bafuna ukuchitha ixesha elininzi becinga ngemfihlelo yehlabathi endaweni yokuchitha ixesha labo bedibanisa amanani. Umzekelo, ukuba bazakwenza umsitho werocket ship, bekufuneka benze i-math eninzi ukuze baqiniseke okokuba i-rocket isebenza kakuhle.
Ngoko ke babezibeka ndawonye iikhompyutha. Ezi khompyutha zazisebenzisa iicircuits zeanalog, ezazisenza okokuba zi-programwe nzima kakhulu. Kwaza ke ngee-1930s, benza ii-khompyutha zedigital, ezathi zenza kwalula ukuzi-programa.
Iikhompyutha ezikumgangatho ophakamileyo
Iingcali ziye zafunisela okokuba zingazenza njani na iikhomputha ezi-digital ngeminyaka yoo-1930 neyoo- 1940. Iimbali zeenza inqwaba yeekhompyutha ezi-digital, bathi besazenza njalo, bazama ukujonga okokuba bangazibuza njani na imibuzo efanelekileyo ukuze bafumane eyona yona kuzo. Nazi iikhompyutha zeNazi ezimbalwa abazakhayo:
Umxube
ngokwakwakhemestri, umxube yinto eyenziwe ngezinto ezimbini nangaphezulu. Ezi zinto zisenokuba ngamalungu eekhemikhali okanye zibe ngumdibaniso weekhemikhali ngeekhemikhali. Umxube usenokuba ngamanzi, into engengomanzi, ejiyileyo neqinileyo, okanye igesi.
Xa kuthe kanti izinto ezixutyiweyo zingoomakufanwe xa zizonke ubunjani bento, njengezinto ezingengomanzi (izinto ezibujiya okanye ezibuqina kunamanzi, neziqinileyo), ezinje ngee-solid ezimbini, kuthiwa ngumxube womakufanwe. Ukuba izinto ezimbini ezahlukeneyo zidityanisiwe, njengentlabathi namanzi, ngumxube oheterogeneous.
Ukuba into enye kumxube inyibilika kwenye, ibizwa ngokuba yi-solution. Umzekelo, ukuba iswekile igalelwa emanzini yenza umxube, ize inyibilike ukuze kwenzeke i-solution. Ukuba ayinyibiliki, kuyakuthiwa yi-suspension.
Kanti nezinto ezingengomanzi, ezo zijiyileyo nezibuqina, zingayimixube. Iindidi zomhlaba ezininzi namatye olwalwa ayimixube [[iiminerali|yee-minerali ezahlukeneyo.
Mazi zanisa
Mazi zanisa (port: Mãos ao Ar) telenovela yase Brazil ye RecordTV. .
U-Euclid
UEuclid, ngamanye amaxesha ubizwa ngokuba nguEuclid wase Alexandria xa esohlulwa kuEuclid of Megara, waye engumpondo zihlanjiwe wezibalo wesizwe samaGrike, wayesoloko ebizwa ngokuba ng"utata weGeometry". Wayesebenza ngakumbi eAlexandria ngexesha lokuphatha kwePtolemy I (ukususela ngo323 ukuya ku283 BC). Imiba yakhe yeminye yeyona misebenzi yakhe yanefuthe kwimbali yezibalo, esebenza njengeyona ncwadi yesikhokhelo xa kufundiswa izibalo (ingakumbi igeometry) ukususela kulaa mhla wokupapashwa kwayo kude kuye kutsho ekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye19 leminyaka okanye ukuya kuthi xhaxhe phaya ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yeminyaka yama-20. Kwizinto ezibayingqokolela, lo kaEuclid wenza imithetho ekuthiwa namhlanje yiEuclidean geometry eyisusa kwingqokolela encinane yeeaxioms. U-Euclid ubhale imisebenzi kwiperspective, iconic sections, ispherical geometry, inumber theory kunye nerigor.
U-Euclid ligama eliguqulelwe esiNgesini libe lona iligama lesiGrike
Ubomi bakhe.
Zimbalwa iirefrensi ngobomi bakhe, kumbalwa esikufumanayo ngaye kwaye alukho ulwazi oluninzi ngobomi bakhe. Umhla teindawockunyennemiphumela yoluzhlwa nokufa kwakhe akwaziwa kwaye kuthekelelwe ngezinto ezichanzwe ngaye. Akachazwanga ngamany amaGrike ooMathematika avela emArchimedes y onwardambizahngo m "ὁ στοιχειώτης" umbhali wee Elements ts"). ezimbalwa ezembali ngaye zabhalwa emveni kukoba eswelekiled,ngu  Proclus c. 450 AD and Pappus of Alexandria c. 320 AD. ( le article ibhalwe ngu “ Amyoli Mbilase ” by Mbilase Productions, Mdantsane, Eastern Cape, South Africa )
U-Proclus wamazisa uEuclid kancinane ephikisana neeElements. NgokukaProclus, uEuclid waaxheshwa nguPlato kwaye weza nazo eziElements, esenza umsebenzi wokuqala ngabanye abantwana bakaPlato (ingakumbi iEudoxus yeCnidus, iTheaetetus kunye noPhilip kaOpus.) UProclus ukholelwa ukuba uEuclid akamncine kakhulu kwaba, kwaye ubemelwe kukuba wayephila ngexesha lePtolemy I kuba wayekhankanywe nguArchimedes (287–212 BC). Nangona ukukhankanywa kukaEuclid nguArchimedes bekubonwa njengeinterpolation ngabahleli bosebenzi wakhe bakamva, isekho inkolo yokokuba uEuclid wayibhala imisebenzi yakhe phambi kwale kaArchimedes.
Kamva uProclus waphinda wabalisa ibali elithi, wayesithi akubuzwa uPtolemy I ukuba ingaba yayikhona indlela eqhuphayo yokufunda igeometry kunaleyo yee-Elements zikaEuclid, "u-Euclid waphendula wathi akukho ndlela itshuqayo eya kwageometry." This anecdote is questionable since it is similar to a story told about Menaechmus and Alexander the Great.
Umntu onolwazana ngoEuclid, nguPappus, ukhankanywa ngokufutshane kwinkulungwane yesine yeminyaka apho athi uApollonius "wachitha ithuba elide  kakhulu ehlala nabantwana bakaEuclid eAlexandria, kulapho wathi wafunxa ulwazi oluphangaleleyo ngenzululwazi yamathamb'engqondo" c. 247–222 BC.
Amagqabantshintshi ngobomi bukaEuclid anikwe ngababhali bamaArabhu, umzekelo, bekhankanya,  a idolophu awazalelwa kuyo iTyre. Le ngxelo ngobomi bakhe ithathwa ngentsomi egqibeleleyo.
Kuba ukunqongophala kolwazi ngobomi bakhe kuyinto engaqhelekanga ngakumbi ngelo xesha (kuba kaloku ulwazi oluphangaleleyo ngobomi bezinye iingcali zezibalo lwaluthe saa lufumaneka nkqu   nezazikho zibalasele phambi nasemva kwexesha likaEuclid), zikho ezi iingcali zithi lo kaEuclid wayengabalulekanga ezimbalini kakade, kwaye imisebenzi yakhe yayibhalwe liqela leengcaphephe zezibalo esebenzisa igama elithi Euclid gama elo livela kwimbali engoEuclid waseMegara (thelekisa uBourbaki). Kodwa ke, le ngxelo ayamkelwa ngokupheleleyo zezinye iingcali kwaye buncinane kakhulu ubungqina ngalo mbono.
I-organism
I-organism yinto ephilayo. Kulula ukuyibona into ephilayo, kodwa akulula kangako ukuyichaza. Izilwanyana nezityalo zizinto eziphilayo, ngokuqinisekileyo. Ii-Organisms zi-i-biotic, okanye kukuphila, okuyinxalenye ye-environment. Amatye nokukhanya kwelanga ziyinxalenye yezinto ezingaphiliyo kwi-environment.
I-oganisms ziphila ngezinto ezintlanu. Ziphila ngomoya, ngamanzi, ngezakhamzimba (ngokutya), ngamandla nangendawo yokuhlala. Nangona kunjalo, asinakuthi zonke izinto eziphilayo ziphila ngezi zinto ngexesha elinye. Ii-organisms ezininzi azidingi moya kwaphela.
Kufuneka unikwe ingqwalasela umcimbi wee-viruses. Akukabikho sivumelwano malunga sokokuba zithathwe njengezinto eziphilayo kusinina. Zenziwe ngeprotein ne-nucleic acid, kwaye ziyakhula, eyona nto ibalulekileyo. Kodwa zifumaneka zikwiimo ezimbini ezahlukeneyo. Imo yokuqala yile ingudomi ingasebenziyo. Enye ingaphakathi kwi-cell yezinye ii-organism eziphilayo. Ize ke ngoko i-virus ibenamandla amaninzi okuzandisa. Khawujonge iprogram yekhompyutha. Ith'izibenamandla isebenze ibe ivuliwe, kungenjalo, ayisebenzi tu. Kodwa nangona kunjalo iseyi-program.
Omnye umzekelo ngowe-spore, inqanaba lokusasazwa kweebacteria, neefungus okanye ezinye izityalo. Azisebenzi de zibe zikwimeko elungele oko. Zinazo zonke indawo ezisebenzayo apha kuzo zokwakha i-organism epheleleyo, kodwa iyavalwa okwexeshana.
Intlalo
Intlalo yabantu liqela abanobudlelwane obusoloko bukho phakathi kwabo, okanye iqela elikhulu lasekuhlaleni kwingqingqi enye abaqokelelene behlala kuyo okanye kwindawo abahlala kuyo besabelana ngokwengingqi zabo ezifanayo okanye ngokwentlalo kwiziphaluka zabo, zibonisa ngokucacileyo okokuba zoyame kwigunya elinye kwezopolitiko kwaye zonganyelwe kokulindeleke kumasiko. Intlalo yoluntu ibonakala ngeendlela zobudlelwane (ubudlelwane basekuhlaleni) phakathi kwabantu ababelana ngesiko nangamaziko.
Umleqi maphupha
Kwezinye iinkcubeko zomthonyama eMntla Melika, umzingeli iphupha okanye dream umzingeli (ngesiFrentshi : Attrape-rêve) yinto yobugcisa yemvelaphi ye-Ojibwe (ebizwa ngokuba yi- asubakatchin okanye bawajige nagwaagan kolu lwimi) yenziwe ngehupula, ihlala i- willow, kunye nothungelwano lwemisonto ngendlela yomnatha. Imihombiso eyenzileyo yahlukile kwinto nganye yokubamba amaphupha. Ngokwenkolelo edumileyo, ukubamba iphupha kuthintela amaphupha amabi ekuhlaseleni ubuthongo bomphathi wawo. Ukusebenza njengesihluzi, kuthimba amaphupha athunyelwe ngoomoya, kugcina imifanekiso emihle yobusuku kwaye kutshise imibono emibi ekukhanyeni kokuqala kwemini.
sebenzisa
Kwinkcubeko yemveli, ababambisi bephupha baxhonywe ecaleni apho kuphuma khona ilanga, ukuze ukukhanya kwemini kutshabalalise amaphupha amabi athe azinza kubuhlanti nakwimisonto yewebhu.
Iintsomi ezininzi, ukusuka kwizizwe ezahlukeneyo zichaza imvelaphi kunye nokusebenza komthombo wephupha. Zihlala zinamanqaku amaninzi obuqhetseba phakathi kwabo: I-SENWARORS yephupha sele idluliselwe kumadoda, isigcawu, kwisilwanyana okanye iMfundiso yeThrimisi okanye iMfundiso yeTrama idluliselwa kwi-Spider Spider, njl.
Umbambisi wamaphupha ngoku ufumaneke kubugcisa beenkcubeko ezininzi zemveli eMntla Merika.
Iintsomi
Iintsomi ezininzi zenza ukuba ikwazi ukuchaza usulelo lwale nto ingcwele ebantwini. Ziyahluka ngokwezizwe kunye namaxesha avela kuzo. Amaphupha, amaphupha, isigcawu esilwanyana okanye kwifom kaThixo, i-spinader kwifom yeZilwanyana (iSpider) i-Pintur Premordial I-Algonquilwimi ye-Algonquia), abantwana "nakwiinkokeli zokomoya" (Shamans, amayeza e-MAMANE, njl. Njl.).
Sandwich
Isandwich yinto yokutya equkethe imifuno, ishizi okanye inyama, ifakwe okanye phakathi kweetyintsi zesonka, okanye ngokubanzi nantoni na isitya apho ezimbini okanye ezinye izonka zesinkwa zisebenza njengekhonkco okanye i-wrapper enye uhlobo lokutya. Isityuji saqala njengento yokutya ngomunwe ephathekayo kwihlabathi leNtshona, ngokugqithiseleyo ixesha liye labonakala liphela kwihlabathi jikelele.
Umleqi maphupha
Umzekelo: Intsomi kaHuron yombambisi wamaphupha
Endleleni, wabona umqolomba omkhulu apho unokufumana khona nayiphi na irhamncwa. Wangena kuwo onke amathemba akhe. Emqolombeni, i-moose yayingabikho. Endaweni yoko umoya onobungozi wawulapho. Indoda ivakala kakubi, inxenye yobukho obumnyama kwezi zinzulu. Yinto ephakamayo irhamncwa. Amehlo amabala egazi, iinwele ezimnyama njengobusuku, ukuqengqeleka kunye ne-fangs elungele ukuluma inyama. Indoda yatsiba yazaleka, yoyika, ishiya isaphetha sakhe emva kwakhe, sinomthubi omncinci wethemba lokuhlala ephila.
Emva elalini, le ndoda yayingalosi iingalo ezingenalo. Akukho kutya, okanye izixhobo zokugxotha ezinye izilwanyana. Kwaye woyika xa wayecinga ukuba ubuyile. Kwangolo tye, akazange alufumana ubuthongo. Nje ukuba alele, wabona la magama mabini anemifanekiso emibini ayilungisa kwaye irhamncwa elinenwele ezimnyama zilungele ukuyiqwenga. Ngengokuhlwa elandelayo, wazama ukulala, kodwa ngaphandle kwesiphumo. Ubusuku emva kobusuku, inyanga emva kwenyanga, le ndoda yayingasakwazi ukulala. Umoya werhamncwa emehlweni egazi umbilike. Ilanga elininzi lidlula kwaye akukho nto itshintshile.
Ngobunye ubusuku, le ndoda yaphakama emva kobusuku. Waphuma edolophini, waya ehlathini. Kodwa, ndidiniwe, walala emhlabeni ogutyungelwe ngamasebe. Ngemini elandelayo ngosuku okusesikweni, umntu wavuka wachukumiseka, akazange abe nobu busuku. Wajonga phezulu, wabona iwebhu kaguli apho umbethe wokusa wagqitha. Wabulala ubusuku emva, akukho busuku. Ukususela ngoko, le ndoda isalele kufutshane neWebhu ethi, ekuseni, ikhanyisiwe kwimitha yelanga. Emva koko wathi kweli bali kubantu bakhe, owamkela le ndlela.
Imikhosi yase Mabazana
Imikhosi yase Mabazana (port: Salsa e Merengue) telenovela yase Brazil ye Rede Globo.
ITeknoloji
Iteknoloji (lisuka kwisiGrike τέχνη, techne, "ubugcisa, ubuchule, umsebenzi wezandla"; kunye -λογία, -nengqiqo ) yingqokolela zamaqhinga, neendlela okanye iinkqubo ezisetyenziswa kwimveliso yeempahla neenkonzo okanye ekufezekiseni iinjongo eziphambili, ezifana nophando lobunzululwazi. ITeknoloji isenokuba lulwazi lwalamaqhinga, lweenkqubo, njalo njalo okanye ingabuthuma phaya kwiimatshini, kwiikhompyutha, kwizixhobo nakumaziko oshishino, olunokwenziwa ngabantu ngaphandle kweenkcukacha zolwazi lokwenza izinto ezi lolu hlobo.
I-sum
Kw-imathematics: Kwezinye iindawo: Njengoko i-ushunqulelo, ISIXA - meyi jonga:
Ababhali besiXhosa ngeminyaka yoo-1900
Isizukulwana esilandelayo saazeka mzekweni. Khawujonge!!
Kwiminyaka yoo1900-1950
{| class="wikitable" Imibongo
Uthukela District Municipality
Uthukela nguMasipala weSithili yePhondo yaKwaZulu-Natala, eMzantsi Afrika.
Santos FC
Santos FC, eyaziwa ngokuba Santos, It is a club eBrazil multi-kwezemidlalo izinze kwisixeko eselunxwemeni Santos. Isekelwe Aprili 14, 1912, waba ibhola omnye iiklabhu kakhulu ngempumelelo Brazil kunye elaziwa emhlabeni. Santos waba idumileyo 60s yi izihloko zikazwelonke nezamazwe ngamazwe eziliqela oyiswe kwaye lokuthetha Pele, ingqalelo lomdlali ilungileyo kwinkulungwane ngu FIFA kananjalo waqhokra eyona mitsi mini kwimbali Santos iqela lesizwe eBrazil.
Imibala akhe amhlophe namnyama, yaye kufuneka iayinwe iyunifomu yayo yemveli emhlophe ngokupheleleyo. Thumela imidlalo zabo kwibala yabo, i-Vila Belmiro, kodwa maxa wambi uye imidlalo yabo Pacaembu Stadium.
Ubungqina
Evidence|ubungqina yinto yokunika inkxaso kuloo nto kuthethwa kolo phando lwenziwayo. Bunika izizathu zokokuba kutheni into eyenzekayo iyinyaniso.
Umdiliya
Umdiliya sisityalo esigwencelayo oko sikwenza ngokusebenzisa isiqu okanye ii-runners zaso. Ezi-runners zisuka emhlabeni, zize zigwencele zibheke phezulu xa imeko izivumela. Yindlela eziqhele ukukhula ngayo ezi zityalo, singathi mhlawumbi yindlela eziphila ngayo le yokusebenzisa imithi ukuze ukukhaynya kufikelele kwazi ukufikelela ekukhanyeni kwelanga okufikelela kwizinto zendalo eziphila emhlabeni.
E-United Kingdom, igama elithi "vine" libhekisa ngokukodwa wee-grapes i-grapevine, libe lona igama elithi "isigwenceli" lisetyenziswa kuzo zonke izityalo ezikhula ngokuzijijela zigwencela ukubheka phezulu. I-grapevine, eyi-genus Vitis, ithwala ii-berries ezinokwenziwa zibe yiwayini. E-United States, zonke ke ezi zityalo zigwencelayo zibengamajiko-jiko ukubheka phezulu zibizwa ngokuba yimidiliya okanye zii-ivies okanye ke ngamanye amaxesha kuthiwe zii-creepers (njenge-Virigina Creeper).
Inkoliso yemidiliya ibazizityalo ezizintyatyambo. Ezi ke zisenokwahlulwa-hlulwa zibe yimidiliya eziinkuni mokanye ezii-lianas, enjenge-wisteria, i-kiwifruit, kunye ne-ivy exhaphakileyo, nemidiliya e-herbaceous (engezonkuni), efana ne-morning glory.
Ubungqina
Umzekelo, umntu udibana nekomityi yobisi oluchithekileyo, that person could look for evidence as to how the milk was spilled. If hairs of a cat and paw prints were found on the ground, they could be evidence that a cat was the cause of the spilled milk. If a witness saw the cat spilling the milk, her testimony would also be evidence.
Ukutya kwamaMpondo
Amampondo ngabantu abatya ukutya kwemveli. Nangona sele zikho nje izidlo zasemlungwini nekuzezona zithathelw aphezulu zezinye iintlanga ezizalana nawo, kodwa wona akashenxi ekutyeni kwawo kwemihla-ngemihla. Ubukhulu becala amaMpondo atya imifuno kunye nombona osiliweyo ngaxeshanye. Umgubo awutyiw angamandle kwemifuno. Nantsi imizekelo yokona kutya kuxhaphakileyo emaMpondweni:
IsiGwampa
Endaweni yethanga kuphekwa imifino ubukhulu becala. Ewe amabhola (amathanga asematsha) ayaphekwa nawo njenganqunqelayo. Iyakuthi isaqala nje ukubila le mifino, kugalelwe umgubo kuyo kuze kubondwe de kuyondelelane.
Ubomi Ingoma
Ubomi Ingoma Kanal I, ipapashwe kwi - Imeyl uphawu. Starring; Bushing Kuphela, Birkan Sokullu kwaye Ahmet Mümtaz Taylan izahlulo.
I-gland
Igland yinjini okanye yi-organ ebaluleke kakhulu ngaphakathi emzimbeni. Ifumaneka kwizilwanyana (ingakumbi ebantwini]]. I-gland yenza into ebaluleke kakhulu. Kumaxesha amaninzi ibayihormone. Le nto ke ifakwa kumsinga wegazi. Xa kunjalo ke i-gland ibizwa ngokuba yi-endocrine gland. Ukuba le nto ikhutshelwa kwenye indawo, i-gland kuthiwa yi-exocrine gland.
Imizekelo yeeglands ezifumaneka ebantwini nantsi:
Vladimir Putin
Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin (Влади́мир Влади́мирович Пу́тин, wazalelwa ngowe-1952) - isaphuli-mthetho semfazwe yaseRashiya
NgoFebruwari 24, 2022, waqalisa "umsebenzi wakhe okhethekileyo" eUkraine, nto leyo enyanisweni eyimfazwe. Le mfazwe isaqhubeka.
Ukutya
Ukutya yiyo nantonina esisondlo nenkxaso yomzimba. Idla ngokuba yinto esuka kwisityalo okanye isilwanyana ngokwemveli, kwaye iba yinto equlathe izakha mzimba ezinje ngamafutha, iiproteyini, iivithamini, okanye iityuwa zomzimba. Zonke ke ezi zinto zikukutya okuthi kungeniswe emzimbeni zizidalwa eziphilayo zize ke iimbewu zegazi (iicell) zomzimba zizithaphulele ke kuzo ezi zinto zikukutya ngeenjongo zokuba zibenamandla, zibenobomi, okanye zikhule kakuhle.
HNgokwembali, abantu bazigcinela ukutya ngeendlela ezimbini: ngokuzingela nangokudibana, nangokulima. Namhlanje, inkoliso yokutya kwamandla okufunwa ngamandla kukwanda koluntu lwehlabathi kuziswa ngamashishini okutya.
Isifo se-Coronavirus 2019
Isifo seCoronavirus ngo-2019 (COVID-19) sisifo esosuleleka xa umntu osulelwe intsholongwane ye-corona (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2) esosulela abanye abantu.. Umntu, okanye ngokuchukumisa imihlaba ebikade ichaphazelekile yile ntsholongwane kwaye emva koko achukumise okanye abambe amehlo, impumlo okanye umlomo. Ngokwesiqhelo, intsholongwane isasazeka ngamachaphaza okuphefumla awenziwa xa umntu osulelweyo ekhohlela okanye egungxula. Nabani na osondeleyo ngokwaneleyo (ngaphantsi kwe-1.8 yeemitha) kumntu otyibilikayo okanye okosulelayo wosulelwa kakhulu yile ntsholongwane. Ngenye indlela umntu unokuyifumana intsholongwane ngokuchukumisa umphezulu osulelekileyo aze achukumise amehlo, iindlebe okanye impumlo ngaphandle kokuchaphazela izandla zakho.
Imvelaphi
si sifo saqala ukubonwa e-Wuhan, idolophu elikhulukazi kwiphondo lase Hubei e China, ngasekupheleni kuka-2019. Ukusukela ngoko, esi sifo sisasazeke kwihlabathi lonke. Nge-11 Matshi 2020, Umbutho Wezempilo weHlabathi wabhengeza esi sifo sisifo. Ubhubhane sisifo esisasazeke kwiindawo ezinkulu zehlabathi okanye kwihlabathi liphela. Amazwe achaphazeleke kakhulu yile ntsholongwane afumene amaqondo aphezulu okusweleka kunye noxinzelelo olukhulu kwiinkqubo zawo zezempilo. Umlawuli jikelele woMbutho wezeMpilo kwiHlabathi, uGqr Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, wathi, "Le ayisiyongxaki yezempilo nje kuphela, yingxaki enokuthi ichukumise onke amacandelo - ngenxa yoko icandelo ngalinye nelungu ngalinye kufuneka libandakanyeke emzabalazweni".
Mzantsi Afrika
Okwangoku (ukusukela nge-2 ka-Tshazimpunzi ngo-2020) ngabantu abayi-1 462 abaye bavavanya i-coronavirus apha eMzantsi Afrika. Abantu abahlanu basweleke ngenxa yokosulelwa sesi sifo, ngelixa abantu abangama-31 besiphilisile. Ngokwesebe lezeMpilo leSizwe, "uqikelelo lwangoku luqikelela ukuba intsholongwane ichaphazela ama-60% abantu baseMzantsi Afrika ngaxa lithile, kodwa ngaxeshanye". Ukuthintela ukusasazeka kwesi sifo, ilizwe belikwi ukuvalwa ngokusemthethweni ngokususela nge-27 Matshi 2020. Ukongeza, uMongameli Ramaphosa wabhengeza nge-30 Matshi 2020 ukuba abasebenzi abangama-10 000 bezempilo babe sele bethathiwe ukutyelela amakhaya bevavanya abantu ukuba bayayifumana na intsholongwane.
Iimpawu kunye nonyango
Ezona mpawu ziqhelekileyo zosulelo zibandakanya ukukhohlela, umkhuhlane, ukudinwa kunye nokuphefumla okufutshane. Ezinye iimpawu zinokubandakanya iintlungu zemisipha, ukuvelisa umphunga, urhudo, umqala obuhlungu, ukuphulukana nephunga kunye nobuhlungu besisu. Ukuba umntu wosulelwe yi-coronavirus, iimpawu zingavela kwiintsuku ezi-2 ukuya kweli-14 emva kosulelo, kodwa uninzi lwabantu luya kubonisa iimpawu kwiintsuku ezintlanu emva kosulelo. Abantu abaninzi baya kubonisa kuphela iimpawu ezibuthathaka. Kwiimeko ezinzima, ukosuleleka kunokukhokelela kwi-pneumonia kunye nokungaphumeleli kwezitho. Iimpawu ezinobunzima zifuna ukhathalelo lonyango olungxamisekileyo.
Abantu banokusulelwa yintsholongwane kwaye bangabonakalisi zimpawu. Oku kwaziwa ngokuba kukuzonwabisa. Nangona umntu owosulelekileyo engabonisi zimpawu, baya kosulela abanye abantu abanxibelelana nabo. Esi sesinye sezizathu zokusasazeka kwesi sifo ngokukhawuleza.
Oogqirha bavavanya i-coronavirus ngokufumana i-swab yempumlo kumntu okrokrelwa ukuba unesifo. Oku kwaziwa njenge-nasopharyngeal swab. Esi sifo sinokufunyaniswa kusetyenziswa iskena esise-CT.
Ukuba umntu uvavanywa ukuba unayo intsholongwane, uyakulaliswa esibhedlele kwaye ahlulwe kubantu abangosuleleki. Nangona ngoku kungabikho nyango intsholongwane, uninzi lwabantu luyakusinda esi sifo ukuba lufumana unyango olufanelekileyo.
Intsebenziswano
Intsebenziswano luhlobo lombutho olusetyenziswa ngabantu ukuze ubomi babo bube ngcono. umbutho wokuqala yivenkile eseRochdale, eNgilane nowaqala ngo-1844. Abantu abawuqalayo babefuna ukutya okwakuphantsi ngexabiso kwaye kukwizinga elingcono. Ukusukela ngoko, abantu baafumana iindlela ezininzi zokusebenzisana. Umzekelo: Imibutho yentsebenziswano yimibutho yoluntu ngokubanzi kuba abanikazi bayo ngabantu abayisebenzisayo. Imibutho yentsebenziswano inceda abantu ukuba bakwazi ukumelana nobucapitalism. I-International Cooperative Alliance yaaqala ngo-1885. Inika ingxelo yokokuba kukho izigidi-gidi ezingama-800 zamalungu emibutho yentsebenziswano kwihlabathi jikelele.
Inyoka
Iinyoka zizilwanyana ezirhubuluzayo. ziyinxalenye yeyosapho lweSquamata. Azinamilenze, azinalizwi, azinandlebe, zingenaso nesikhumba sokuvala amehlo. Nangona kunjalo, iinyoka zizilwanyana ezinempumelelo enkulu phakathi kwezilwanyana ezitya ezinye, zineentsapho ezingama-20, nezinye ezingama500 kunye nama-and 3,400 eentlobo ntlobo zeenyoka.
Zinemizimba emide nebhityileyo, kwaye, zingenamilenze zinjalo, zinendlela yazo ezihamba ngayo kunjalo nje zihamba kakhulu. Uninzi lwazo luhlala kwitropics. Zimbalwa kakhulu iinyoka ezihlala ngaphaya kweTropic of Cancer okanye iTropic of Capricorn, lunye kuphela uhlobo, yiviper eqhelekileyo i(Vipera berus) ehlala ngaphaya kweArctic Circle. Isikhuma sayo sogqunywe ngoqweqwe. Zibona akuhle, kunjalo nje ziyakwazi ukuva ivumba ngolwimi lwazo ngokuthi ziman'ukulikhuphela ngaphandle ziphinde zilungenise ngaphakathi. Azidibani ke nokungcangcazela komhlaba.
Isibindi
Isibindi yinjini yomzimba efumaneka emazants’omzimba. Yinxalenye yeenkqubo zomziba ekuthiwa yigastrointestinal. Ngamanye amaxesha abantu basebenzisa isimaphambili uhepar- okanye u-hepat- xa bethetha ngesibindi.
Umsebenzi wesibindi
Zininzi izinto ezibalulekileyo ezenziwa sisibindi emzimbeni womntu:
Izifo zesibindi
zininzi iintlobontlobo zezifo zesibindi. Izifo zesibindi zingamenza agule kakhulu umntu ngenxa yayo yonke imisebenzi ebalulekileyo eyenziwa sisibindi. Abantu abanezifo ezimbi zesibindi bayafa ngaphandle kokuba bafumane isibindi esingathi similiselwe. Oku kwenzeka xa isibindi esithathwe komnye umntu ogqiba kubhubha size sifakelwe komnye umntu ngotyando. Utyando olu lolu hlobo lolunzima kakhulu kodwa lungabusindisa ubomi bomntu.
Iimpawu zezifo zesibindi
Iimpawu zesifo sesibindi zibonakala ngokuthi isibindi singabisawenza umsebenzi esimelwe kukuwenza.
Isibindi asinakuhluza tyhefu nakungcola kusuka emzimbeni, ngoko ke zonke ezi zinto zingalunganga emzimbeni zihlala egazini ixesha elide. Enye yezi zinto ethi yande egazini yinto ekuthiwa yibilirubin. Xa ziye zafa iired blood cells, ihemoglobin ekuzo ivuzela egazini. Ize ke ngoko ihemoglobin ibe yibilirubin (into etyheli eyenza ukuba inyongo ibetyheli.) Isibindi sikhupha ibilirubin egazini size siyifake enyongweni. Inyongo iyehla iye emathunjini ize ke ngoko iphume nokungcola komzimba. Ukuba isibindi sonzakele, asikwazi ukususa ibilirubin, ize ke ngoko ibilirubin ihlale egazini. Le nto yenza okokuba umzimba womntu ubonakale utyheli ize kuthiwe ke loo nto yijaundic. Ngoko ke amehlo atyheli kunye nesikhumba esityheli ziimpawu zesifo sesibindi.
Ezinye iimpawu zesibindi nazi:
Iintlobo zezifo zesibindi
IHepatitis kuxa iicell zesibindi zisitsha (ukugula.) Oku kungasuka kusuleleko lwivirus. Oku kungenziwa yityhefu. (Ityhefu exhaphakileyo eyenza ihepatitis yialcohol.) oku kungaba kusuka kwisifosofuzo. oku kungasuka kwisifo seautoimmune xa inkqubo zokomeleza umzimba zonzakeli.
ICirrhosis yenziwa kukufa kweecells zesibindi okwenzeka qho. xa zithe zafa iiceels, kwenzeka inyamana ekuthiwa siscar. esi scar siyayonakalisa indlela esimile ngayo isibindi. Oku kwenze okokuba isibindi singasebenzi. Oku kukwadaka uxinzelelo olukhulu kwimithambo eya esibindini. olu xinzelelo lungaka lwenza iesophageal varices. esona sizathu sixhaphakileyo sesifo icirrhosis emhlabeni lusuleleko lwehepatitis B virus.
Ezinye izifo zesibindi zinganyangwa kuphela ngofakelo sibindi.
UmGungundlovu District Municipality
UmGungundlovu nguMasipala weSithili yePhondo yaKwaZulu-Natala, eMzantsi Afrika.
Inzululwazi
Inzululwazi (Ngolwimi lwesiLatini kuthiwa yiscientia, oko kuthetha ukuthi "Ulwazi" ) yinkqubo eyenziwa ngezicwangciso, ngeendlela ezamkelekileyo nangemiqathango yophando kwinzululwazi ngendlela eya kwenza ukuba kubelula ukuba luvavanywe kunjalo nje luphicothwe, kutsho kubelula ukwenza uqikelelo ngeziphumo zophando olwenziwa kweli phakade. Yonke ke le miqathango yophando kufuneka ilandelwe ngenyameko xa kuqokolelwa ulwazi olu loluhlobo. Kwintsingiselo yakudla nekuyeyona ibusondela kule, inzululwazi ikwabhekisa kuhlobo lolwazi olunokugocwa-gocwa ngemibuzo ze ke ngoko lube lwakheke phezu kwezizathu ezivakalayo nezinokuthi zichazwe ngokwamanqaku avakalayo ze ke ngoko lube lulwazi ekunokungqiyanywa kulo ngenxa yokuthembeka kwalo ingakumbi xa lusetyenziswa. Lowo usebenza ngobunzululwazi kuthiwa yingcali yezophando.
Kwisigaba sexesha elide, inzululwazi njengohlobo lolwazi yayisondele kakhulu ngonxibelelwano kwiFilosofi.
Bonke abantu abafunda bekwaphanda ngeenzame zokufumanisa yonke into ngobunzululwazi babizwa ngokuba ziingcali zabaphandi. Ezi ngcali zifunda izinto ngokuthi zijonge kwizinto ezifunda ngazo ngononophelo, ngokuthi zenze umlinganiselo okanye zimente ezi zinto, zize zenze le misebenzi apho ziza kukhe zilinge khona ze ziphinde zikuvavanye konke oko. ezi ngcali zenza zonke iinzame ukuze zichaze okokuba kutheni na izinto zisenzeka ngale ngendlela ezenzeka ngayo, zize ziqikelele okuzakwenzeka.
Iindlela zokwenza uphando lobunzulwazi
Namhlanje, "inzululwazi" isoloko ibhekisa kwiindlela zokufumana ulwazi, ingekuko ukufumana uqobo lolwazi kuphela. Ijongene kuphela nokwenzekayo kwizinto ehlabathini. kwinkulungwane yeminyaka ye-17 neye-18 iingcali kwezenzululwazi bathi gqolo ukuseka ukwakhiwa kolwazi ngokwe "mithetho yendalo" enjengeNewton's laws of motion. Kwaza kwathi xa sele kudlule inkulungwane ye-19, igama elithi "Nzululwazi" liya linxulunyaniswa ngakumbi nendlela yokuphanda ngokobunzululwazi, njengendlela yokufunda indalo esemhlabeni, kuquka iphysics, ikhemistri, igeology kunye nebhayoloji.
Kuwakule nkulungwane ye19 apho eli gama lithi "umphandi wakwanzululwazi" lathi lathiywa nguWilliam Whewell. Injongo yakhe yayikukwahlula abo balangazelela ukwazi ngendalo kwabo bafuna olunye uhlobo lolwazi.
Iindlela zophando is the name given to the methods used by scientists to find knowledge. Ezona mpawu zibalulekileyo kwindlela yophando nazi:
Ezinye iimpawu zenzululwazi
akusibabo bonke abantu abavumelana nendlela esebenza ngayo inzululwazi. Ezinye iingcali zakwa Filosofi kunye nabaphandi okanye iingcali zakwanzululwazi zithi ulwazi oluthethwayo ngobunzululwazi lwamkelekile okwexeshana. Luthi ze lugcinwe kube kanti lunenkcazelo egqibeleleyo nenambithekayo ngenxa yokunyaniseka kwayo. Xa ke le ntehto ichazayo ngenzululwazi ingenasisekelo, iyashenxiswa kuze kubekwe enye endaweni yayo. Okanye, ngamanye amaxesha iingcali zakwanzululwazi zihlala phantsi ziyixovule ziyihlaziya endaweni yokuyishenxisa. Mhlawumbi ke ziqhubele phambili ngokuyisebenzisa ngethemba lokuba iyakubangcono ngokuya kuhamba ixesha isetyenziswa. Inzululwazi yindlela yokufumana ulwazi ngoku shenxisa into engeyonyaniso. Iingcali kufuneka ziqaphele ngokukodwa xa zinika ingcaciso engqamene naloo nto bayifunde beyijonge ngamehlo baza benza nomlinganiselo wayo. Bayakhuphisana ingulowo nalowo ufuna ukuza nenkcazo engcono. Ingcaciso isenokuba yenika umdla okanye yeyonelisayo, kodwa ukuba ayingqinelani noko kubonwa nokusele kulinganiswe zezinye iingcali, ziyakusuke zizame ukuba zifumane enye inkcazelo engcono
Phambi kokuba ibe linokupapashwa iphepha lobunzululwazi, iingcali ziqala zilifunde kuqala, zize zijonge okokuba ingaba le nkcazelo enikwe kweli phepha iyangqinelana na nale ifumaneka kuloo nto kuthethwa ngayo. sitsho sithethe ngengokuphicothwa kwephepha lusapho lwakwanzululwazi okanye zezinye iingcali. Emva kokuba epapashiwe amaphepha, kuyakubakho ezinye kwakhona iingcali eziya kujongisisa okokuba kusetyenziswe kwa ezi ndlela zovavanyo kusini na, kukwaphicothwe kwangendlela efanayo xa bekuphandwa, okanye kwenziwe uvavanyo olukwafana noluya, ngeenjongo zokubona okokuba ingaba iziphumo zizakufana kusini na. kuphicothwa kwephepha lusapho lwakwanzululwazi okanye zezinye iingcali] kunye nophinda-phindo lwezifundo okanye amalinge okufunda into akukuphela kwendlela yokuqinisekisa ubunyani nokuchaneka obukulwazi oluare the only way to be sure the knowledge is nokuchaneka correct kolwazi oluphandiweyo.
Inzululwazi yenza imizekelo efumaneka kwindalo, models of our universe}imizekelo efumaneka kweli hlabathi, kunye namachiza. Zininzi ke iintlobo-ntlobo ezifumaneka kwanzululwazi, kunjalo nje zinamagama azo. Nangona kunjalo, akufuneki ukuthi "inzululwazi ithi" nayiphi na into. Inzululwazi yinkqubo, akuyonyaniso okanye ingqokolela yenyaniso nje kuphela, kungeyomithetho ekukholelwa kuyo ngaxesha nye.
Benjamin Franklin
Benjamin Franklin wayeyipolymath Melika, oyayehala ukusuka 1706 - 1790.
I-Wikipedia
i-Wikipedia ngumsebenzi we-intanethi encyclopedia kwiilwimi-ngeelwimi. Ifumaneka simahla (akuxabisi mali ukuyisebenzisa). Kananjalo ikwa"vuleleke nakubani na," into ethetha ukuthi nabani na angazikopela ayisebenzise nakweyiphi na Hīiiiiiii afuna ukuyisebenzisa kuyo, ukuba nje abantu balandela imithetho nemigaqo yokusetyenziswa kwayo.
umzikazi wayo ngumbutho waseMelika, isiseko seWikimedia, esiseSan Francisco, eCalifornia.
Igama layo ngumxube wamagama amabini elokuqala yiwiki, igama laseHawai elithetha ukukhawuleza, kunye neencyclopedia. Kuba ngokudibanisa inxalenye yala magama, liyportmanteau.
Skukuza
Skukuza ke Main Restcamp ephambili Kruger National Park.
Igama, ihlelwe ngokusuka isiZulu elithi Sikhukhuza yaba igama osisilo James Stevenson-Hamilton. Oku kuthetha ukuba ngomtshayelo entsha, njengoko indawo Stevenson-Hamilton wazisula kubathengisi abangenamvume kunye nezinye iintlobo zezikrelemnqa. Le nkampu yasekwa ngowe-1902, yaye kuqala eyaziwa ngokuba Sabie Bridge de wathiywa igama lokuba Skukuza ngowe-1936.
Ammognich
I-cell
Umphandle we-cell wohlulwe kumphakathi wawo ngenwebu i-cell membrane. Ngaphakathi wezinye ii-cells, amalungwa azizicuku ze-cell ahlala ngokwahlukana kwamanye. Laa malungwana ngokwahlukana kwawo abizwa ngokuba zii-organelles (njengee-organs). Ilungwana ngalinye kwi-cell linomsebenzi walo owahlukileyo. Umzekelo ubonakala kwi-nucleus (apho i-DNA ikhoyo), kunye ne-mitochondria (apho kwenziwa khona amandla anokusetyenziswa).
Iintlobo zee-cell
Zimbini ezona ntlobo zee-cells: zii-prokaryotic kunye nee-eukaryotic. Ii-Prokaryotes, ii-bacteria kunye neearchaea, zii-cells ezibuthathaka kuba zingena cell nucleus. Zinee-bacterial microcompartments, igobhozana eliqulethe iiproteni nee-enzymes.
Ii-Eukaryotes zona zii-cells ezomeleleyo noko kuba zinee-organelles ezininzi kwakunye nezinye izakhiwo kwalapha kuyo i-cell. zinkulu zona kunee-prokaryote cells: Ubukhulu bazo bungaphinda-phindwa kali-1000. Ii-Eukaryotes zigcina i-information malunga negenetic (i-DNA) kwii-chromosomes ezikwi-cell nucleus. Ii-Organisms (izinto eziphilayo) ezenziwa kukwakheka kwee-cell ngokuphinda-phindeneyo kuthiwa zii-eukaryotes.
Iintlobo ezizii-organisms ze-prokaryotic
Zii-bacteria nee-archaea kukuphela kweentlobo zee-organisms ze-prokaryotic eziphilayo sithetha nje. Ii-organisms ze-Prokaryotic zikhula phambi kokuba zikhule ii-orgamisms ze-eukaryotic, ngoko ke kubakho ixesha apho ihlabathi lihlala lingenanto kodwa zibe zikhona zona ii-organisms ze-prokaryotic. Kukwakho nee-ntsholongwane, ekunzima kakhulu ukuzicalucalula ngokweentlobo zazo, zibe zingunozala wezifo. Iintsholongwane zenziwa y-i-RNA, okanye i-DNA, kunye ne-protein, kwaye ziyaqhama zizandise ngokwazo ngaphakathi kwii-cells ze-bacteria okanye kwi-eukaryotes.
i-Unicellular
Ii-organisms ezizii-Unicellular zenziwe nge-cell- enye. Imizekelo yezi organisms zizii-Unicellula nantsi:
Iiorganisms ezii-unicellula kufuneka zi:
Zonke ii-organisms ezizii-Unicellular kufuneka zi:
abanye bathi:
Multicellular
Iiorganisms ezizii-Multicellular zenziwa kwiicells ezininzi. Zii-organisms ezomeleleyo. Kusenokwenzeka okokuba liqaqobana nje elincinane lee-cells, ukanti isenokuba zizigidi zee-cels. Zonke ke izityalo nezilwanyana zii-organisms ezizii-multicellular. Ii-cells zee-organisms ezi-multicellular azifani. Zimi ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo kwaye azilingani nangobukhulu, kwaye zenza imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo kkuso nasiphi na isidalwa esiphilayo/kwi-organism. Ii-cells zinemisebenzi yazo. Oku kuthetha okokuba zenza olo hlobo luthile kuphela lomsebenzi. Ngokokwazo azikwazi ukwenza yonke into efuneka emizimbeni yezidalwa eziphilayo ukuze ziphile. kufuneka ezinye ii-cells zenze eminye imisebenzi efuneka emzimbeni. Zisoloko ziphila kunye ezi cells kuba zingenakuphila zizodwa, ngaphandle kwezinye ii-cells.
Amathumbu
Ilungu lokuqala kumathumbu amancinane kuthiwa yiduodenum. Kulapho ke ukutya kusilwa khona zii-enzymes ubukhulu becala. Ngaphezu koko, amathumbu amancinane afunxa izakha-mziba ezibalulekileyo eziphuma ekutyeni okusiliweyo. Oku akwenza ngemisetyana emincinane okanye ngeemfikimfelane zoboya. Zincinane kakhulu ke ezi zinto, ngathi ziinwele kumadonga angapkathi emathunjini.
I-cell
Imbali nge-cell
Ii-Cells zaabhaqwa nguRobert Hooke ngo-(1635–1703). Wasebenzisa i-microscope eyayinee-lenses ukujonga kwizakhiwo ezimbini zikacork, nokujonga amagqabi nakwezinye iiinsects. Wakwenza oku ukususela kwiminyaka yoo-1660, waza wanika ingxelo ngalo msebenzi kwincwadi i-Micrographica ngo-1665. Wathiya igama elithi cells ngegama legama le-siLatini elithi-cella, elithetha ukuthi 'gumbi'. Wayekwenza oku kuba wayecinga okokuba ii-cells zibonakala ngathi ngamagunjana amancinane.
Amathumbu
Amathumbu amakhulu wona akwabizwa ngokuba ngoogqongo. wona afunxa amanzi, nazo naziphi na ityuwa zomzimba ezishiyekileyo. Akwafunxa neevitamins ezenziwe yigut flora emathunjini. Okokugqibela achitha ukungcola akukhuphe ngeempundu.
Ugu District Municipality
Ugu nguMasipala weSithili yePhondo yaKwaZulu-Natala, eMzantsi Afrika.
Ukuziphatha
Ukuziphatha yinxalenye yefilosofi ejongene nokulunga nokungalungi. Ukuziphatha kuzama ukuphendula imibuzo enjengale:
Udonga
Udonga lolokwahlula lubhekephezulu. Yahlula amagumbi kwizakhiwo lukwakhusela izakhiwo. Ludla ngokwenziwa ngamatye okanye izitena. Zimbini ezona iinjongo zokwenza udonga: kukuxhasa uphahla lwesakhiwo, nokwahlula-hlula isakhiwo sibe ngamagumbi, kukunika ukhuseleko ekungeneni kwezinto ezingafanelekanga nakwimozulu.
Igama elithi "udonga" lihlala lisetyenziswa xa kubhekiswa kudonga lwaseBerlin, olwathi lwakhiwa ngemfazwe i-Cold War, neyathi yaphela ngo1989, kodwa uninzi lwabantu luthetha nge-album iPink Floyd ekwasebenzisa kwa eli gama.
Iilwandle
Ulwandle ngummandla omkhulu wamanzi anetyuwa phakathi kwamazwekazi. Iilwandle zinkulu kakhulu kwaye zidibana nezinye iilwandle ezincinci zitsho zimanyane. Xa zidibene zizonke, iilwandle zibangathi ‘’zilulwandle’’ olunye, kuba zonke iilwandle zimanyene. Iilwandle (okanye ii-marine biome) zithatha ama-70% zeli hlabathi siphila kulo.