cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Iimaski zobuso ngexesha lobhubhane we-coronavirus ka-2019 ukuya ku-2020
Iingcebiso zikarhulumente
Ukunxitywa kweemaski zobuso ngexesha lobhubhane we-coronavirus ka-2019 ukuya ku-2020 kuye kwafumana iingcebiso ezahlukeneyo kwii-arhente zezempilo zoluntu noorhulumente. Esi sihloko sibe yinto ekuxoxwa ngayo, ii-arhente zezempilo zoluntu kunye noorhulumente bengavumelani nomgaqo wehlabathi wokunxitywa kweemaski zobuso.
Vereeniging
Suburbs
Vereeniging consists of 29 suburbs, of which 7 forms part of Three Rivers:
Iimaski zobuso ngexesha lobhubhane we-coronavirus ka-2019 ukuya ku-2020
Isizathu
Ezinye zezizathu ezichazwe ngamagosa ezempilo aseTshayina ngokunxiba iimaski nangabantu abaphilayo zezi zilandelayo:
Vereeniging
Suburbs
Map of Three Rivers
Iimaski zobuso ngexesha lobhubhane we-coronavirus ka-2019 ukuya ku-2020
Isizathu
Ugqirha weentsholongwane kwiDyunivesithi yaseLeeds obizwa ngokuba nguStephen Griffin uthi 'Ukunxiba imaski kungalinciphisa ithuba [lokuba] abantu bachukumise ubuso babo, kuba ngumthombo wosulelo ngaphandle kococeko lwezandla olufanelekileyo. ''
Dättlikon
yidolophu esempuma yase eSwitzerland.
Iimaski zobuso ngexesha lobhubhane we-coronavirus ka-2019 ukuya ku-2020
Uhlobo lweemaski
Imaski yobuso yelaphu yimaski eyenziwe ngamalaphu aqhelekileyo enxitywa ngaphezulu komlomo kunye nempumlo, uninzi lwenziwe ngomqhaphu. Ngokungafaniyo neemaski zoogqirha zokuhlinza kunye neziphefumlisi, zona azikho phantsi kwemiqathango. Okwangoku kukho uphando oluncinci okanye isikhokelo ekusetyenzisweni kwazo njengenyathelo lokukhusela ekusasazeni isifo okanye ekungcoleni komoya.
Imaski kagqirha yokuhlinza sisixhobo esinxibeka khululekileyo, esilahlwayo esithi sidale umqobo phakathi komlomo kunye nempumlo yalowo uyinxibayo kunye nezinto ezinokubangela ukungcoliseka kwindawo ezikuyo. Imaski kagqirha yokuhlinza yenzelwe ukunceda ukuthintela amathontsi amakhulu amachaphaza, ukutshiza, okanye ukutshiza okukhulu okungaqulatha iintsholongwane kunye neebaktheriya ukuba inxitywe ngokufanelekileyo, ukuthintela ezi zinto ukuba zingafiki emlonyeni nakwimpumlo yalowo uyinxibileyo. Imaski kagqirha yokuhlinza inokuthi incede ekunciphiseni ukubonakala kwamathe alowo uyinxibileyo kunye nokuphefumla komoya kwabanye. Imaski kagqirha yokuhlinza ayenzelwanga ukuhluza okanye ukuvimba amathontsana amancinci emoyeni anokusasazeka kukukhohlela, ukuthimla, okanye iinkqubo ezithile zonyango. Imaski kagqirha yokuhlinza ayiboneleli ngokhuseleko olupheleleyo kwiintsholongwane kunye nezinye izinto ezingcolisayo ngenxa yokunxibeka okuthe tye phakathi komphezulu wemaski yobuso kunye nobuso. Imaski kagqirha yokuhlinza yenziwe ngelaphu elingelilo elenziwe ngokusebenzisa inkqubo yokuntyibilikisa.
Imaski engu-N95 lilatshana lobuso elisisihluzi samasuntswana okuphefumla esidibana ne-N95 ongumlinganiselo wokucoca umoya wase Melika kwiZiko elijongene noKhuseleko kunye neMpilo yaBasebenzi. Ihluza ubuncinci beepesenti ezingama-95 amasuntswana omoya. Ingumzekelo kamatshini osisixhobo sokuphefumla, osinika ukhuselo kumasuntswana, kodwa hayi iigesi okanye umphunga. Njengemaski kagqirha yokuhlinza, imaski engu-N95 yenziwa ngefabriki engatyibilikiyo ye-polypropylene. Imaski yobuso ehambelanayo esetyenziswa kwi-European Union yi-FFP2 respirator.
Iingcebiso zoMbutho wezeMpilo
Imibutho yezempilo iye yacebisa ukuba abantu bagqume umlomo kunye nempumlo ngengqiniba egobileyo okanye nge-tissue xa bekhohlela okanye bethimla, balahle i-tissue kwangoko.
Imaski kagqirha yokuhlinza iyacetyiswa kwabo banokuba bosulelekile,  njengoko ukunxiba imaski kunokunciphisa umyinge kunye nokuhamba umgama kwamachaphaza aphuma emlonyeni athi asasazeke xa uthetha, uthimla, naxa ukhohlela.
Iingcebiso zoMbutho wezeMpilo weHlabathi
Ingcebiso yoMbutho wezeMpilo weHlabathi kuluntu phantsi kwemeko ye-COVID-19 ixhasa ukusetyenziswa kweemaski kuphela phantsi kwale miqathango ilandelayo:
Umqeqeshi wezemidlalo
Kwimidlalo, umqeqeshi okanye umanejala ngumntu okhomb'indlela noqeqesha iqela lemidlalo okanye uba ngumntu wemidlalo. Ukuba kukho umahluko phakakthi komqeqeshi nomanejala, ingangulo: Iindawo ezenza ibhoda zizo ezikhetha iqela, zize zithenge abadlali abatsha.
IBhisho
Bhisho esi sisixeko esizinze phaya Mpuma-Koloni waseMzantsi Afrika.
Brazilian Soccer Team
I  'iqela lebhola ekhatywayo lesizwe Brazilian U-23', okwabizwa ngokuba Brazil U-23 kuzwelonke lebhola Brazilian labadlali abangaphantsi kweminyaka engama-23 ngonyaka s.
Ikhowudi yomthetho
ikhowudi yomthetho yinkqubo yomthetho ebhaliweyo. Xa umthethwa ukhowudwa kuxa umthetho ubhalwa phantsi ngendlela ecwangcisiweyo.
Untsikane
UNtsikana wasungula umbutho wokuqala wamakrestu angam’Afrika pha ngeminyaka ye-1815. Wayekwangumbali wokuqala ngesixhosa obalaseleyo waekulo ecawa, kwaye iinno lakhe elibalaseleyo liyavela kwiincwadi ezininzi zamaculo ecawa zalemihla. UNtsikane lo wazalwa pha ngeminyaka ye-1780 kwiziswe sikaNgqika owayongamele amaRharhabe, wabaliphakathi ngokomnombo. Wayekhona xeshikweni iwhite settlement ye Eastern Frontier isanda kwaye kukho ungquzulwano phakathi kwamaXhosa nalamasetilane matsha. Utata kaNtsikane, uGaba wayenesithembu njengenkoliso yamaXhosa phambi kokuba aguqulwe (Bokwe 1914,4). Umama wakhe uNonabe wayengumfazi wesibini. Umfazi wokuqala wayenesikhwele waza wathyola uNonabe ngobugqwirha, uNonabe wanyanzeleka ukuba abaleke asindise ubomi bakhe. Emveni kwenyanga ezimbalwa uNtsikana wazalwa. Utata kaNtsikana waya kumlanda xa wayeneminyaka elishuni elinesibini. Njengoko uGaba wayezele intombi kumfazi wokuqala, uNoyiki wamamkela njengonyana wakhe. UNtsikane ukhule esolusa umhlambi katata wakhe kwaye efunda nokuzingela. Xeshikweni elulutsha, uVan Der Kemp weLondon missionary society waza kulenginqgi ihlala uNtsikana. Ukusuka ngowe-1799 ukuya kowe-1801 lemissionary yazama ukushumayeza kodwa impumelelo yayo yabancinci. UNtsikane waqala ukuwuva kuye lomyalezo wobuKrestu. UVan Der Kemp wawushiya umhlaba kaNgqika waya kuhlala eGraaff-Reinet. Imfazwe yalandela kwi-eastern frontier phakathi kweenkosi eziitshatsheleyo zakwaRharhabe, uNgqika noNdlambe. Le mfazwe yaphela kwidabi lase-Amalinda apho uNgqika wohlulwa khona. Amajoni kaNdlambe ahlasele iGrahamstown ngowe1819 (kwi frontier war yesihlanu) kwaye umda wamiliselwa phakathi komlambo iKeiskamma ne Fish river. Zange kwafika missionary kwingingqi kaNtsikane de yabangowe-1816. Yayingumfundisi uJoseph Williams, owavula imissionary station ecaleni komlambo iKat.
Emveni kobukhwetha nokungena ebudodeni, uNtsikana wathwalelwa abafazi ababini. uNontsonta owabangumama kaKobe, uNomamto owabangumama kaDukwana nabaninawa bakhe ababini. Ekuswelekeni kukatata wakhe, uNtsikana wafumana ilifa. Ngelixesha uNtsikane wayeneembono. Wayenenkunzi yenkomo awayeyithanda Kunene, yayilubhelu inamacokoza amhlobhe ineempondo ezinkulu igama layo inguHulushe. Ngenye intsasa wavukela ebuhlanti waya waphawula imitha yelanga ekhanya ukodlula eminye ikhanya kwicala lale nkunzi. Wakhangela imvelaphi yalemitha. Xa ebuza uKobe owayemi ecaleni kwakhe ukuba usibonile na esi sehlo, ukobe waphendula ngelithi hayi andibonanga nto. UNtsikana wamangaliswa sesisehlo. Kwenzeka omnye ummangaliso kwangaloomini emtshatweni. UNtsikana waya waguduka nosapho lwakhe, kwalapha endleleni waya wavasa imbola yakhe. Akekho owayekuqonda okwenzekileyo kuye. Ekuhambeni kweentsuku waqala wandumzela iculo elaphela iliculo lakhe lecawa. Waxelela abantu ukuba kumele bathandaze, waqala ngoko ukubamba inkonzo rhoqo. Wathi mabangalimameli ela xhwele uNxele. Oku yaba sisiqalo sebandla lakhe. UNtsikane akazange ahlale eMission kodwa wayemndwendwela umfundisi uWilliams, nasekuswelekeni kuka Williams waqhubekeka endwendwela umfundisi uBrownlee. Phambi kokuba asweleke ngonyaka we-1821 wayecinga nzulu ngokuyokuhlala kwimissioni iChumie (Hodgson 1981,6). UNtsikana wabhala amaculo ecawa amane, elona laziwayo leli lakhe. Onke asafumaneka kwiincwadi zale mihla zamaculo ecawa.
Umzali
Abazali  bomntu ngumama notata okanye loo mntu ujojnge inzalo yakhe. ebantwini, umzali ngumntu ongumama okanye ongutata awomntwana. Basenokuba ngabazali abazala umntwana okanye babe bakwenza oko ngenxa yomthetho.
UKwindla
UKwindla, olubizwa ngokuba sisiwo emantla eMerika, lelinye lamaxesha amane onyaka. UKwindla lubonisa utshintsho phakathi kwehlobo nobusika, ngoSeptemba (kumazwe asemaNtla) ngoMatshi (kumazwe asemaZantsi) xa ubusuku buqala msinyane namaqondo obushushu esihla ngamandla. Olona phawu loKwindla kukuwa kwamagqabi emithini.
Santos
LabaNgcwele is a kumasipala lezibuko kwikomkhulu Baixada Santista ibekwe  coast of  São Paulo karhulumente kwi Brasil. Kunye nokuthatha inxaxheba kwezoqoqosho enkulu kummandla okhankanywe, ikhaya kwi inkulu izibuko of Latin America, ikakhulu elijongene nemiba yezoqoqosho isixeko ecaleni ukhenketho of lokuloba kunye norhwebo, Uhlala indawo 5 phakathi non capital ibaluleke kakhulu kuqoqosho laseBrazil wazibeka 10 njengako umgangatho wobomi. I isixeko na kwikomkhulu kwesebe São Paulo elinoLawulo oluPhezulu imini yonke Juni 13 ( kumaziko emfundo ephakamileyo.
Ikhalenda yesiXhosa
Kwikhalenda yesiXhosa, ngokwenveli, unyaka uqala kwinyanga yeSilimela uze uphele ngekaCanzibe, xa kanye i-Canopas, inkwnkwezi enkulu ebonakala kumZantsi-womDibaniso okwayindawo apho kujikeleza khona izinto zomhlaba ezibonakalayo ezithe ngcu kumzantsi we-equator.
Zimbini iindlela zokubiza iinyanga apha esiXhoseni: ngokwale mihla nangokwemveli. Kwimimandla yasezidolophini kusetyenziswa amagama ale mihla. Kodwa ke, ezilalini, kwimibongo, ingakumbi kumNtla Koloni kusetyenziswa amagama emveli.
Amagama eenyanga zonyaka
Ngokwale mihla
uJanuwari uFebhuwari uMatshi uApreli uMeyi uJuni uJulayi uAgasti uSeptemba uOktobha uNovemba uDisemba
Ngokwemveli amagama eenyanga asuka kumagama ezityalo neentyatyambo ezikhulayo okanye eziman'ukutshintsha ngokwamaxesha onyaka. Zezi: eyoMqungu (inyaka yengca iTambuki) eyoMdumba (inyanga yokudumba kweenkozo) eyoKwindla (inyanga yeziqhamo zokuqala) uTshazimpuzi (inyanga yokutshaza kwamathanga) uCanzibe (inyanga kaCanopus) isilimela (inyanga kaPleiades) eyeKhala / EyeNtlaba (inyanga yamakhala) eyeThupha (inyanga yokudubula kweentyatyambo) eyoMsintsi (inyanga yomthi umsintsi) eyeDwarha (inyanga yokuvela kwe-lilypad) eyeNkanga (inyanga yokuhluma kwee- daisies ezityheli) eyomNga (inyanga yokuvela komthi ohlabayo i-mimosa thorn tree kunye ne-simba)
Iintsuku zeveki
ngomVulo ngolwesiBini ngolwesiThathu ngolwesiNe ngolwesiHlanu ngomGqibelo ngeCawa
eKwindla uBusika iNtlakohlaza/iNtwasahlobo iHlobo
Abantu
Abantu okanye uluntu liqela labantu elizalanayo ngenxa yenye yezi zinto zilandelayo:-
Abantu bohlulwa ngeendlela ngeendlela, umzekelo: abo bantu bangachazwa njengeqela labantu abanonxibelelwano nabantu balo ndawo.
Kufundo kabanzi ngoluntu abantu abaninzi bahlala ngokwamaqela aphetheyo kwiqela elithile.
ITaipei101
Ubob Snodgrass
Snodgrass invented Dichroic glass (Dichro), uhlobo borosilicate glass mixed kunye igolide nesilivere leyo ivela ukutshintsha imibala ngendlela ezahlukeneyo ukukhanyisa. Namhlanje Snodgrass uqhubekeka neplanethi abahlala kuyo kwi-Oregon kwaye sele elide uluhlu apprentices abo kuqhubeka ekuphuculeni phezu umsebenzi wakhe. I-documentary wefilim, Degenerate Unguye, amaxwebhu heady glass subculture ukuba Snodgrass kwamnceda kunabela. Yena sibonwa "Godfather ka-artistic nzima glass."
I-South Pole
Umda emazantsi omhlaba yeyona ndawo isemanzi emathunjini omhlaba. Le ndawo ikwindawo ebizwa ngokuba yiAntarctica. Eneneni zimbini ezona poles. Enye imi isisigxina, ukanti ke enye iyajikeleza.
KumZantsi nakumNtla weepolesezingoozibuthe kulapho isiza esinozibuthe sikhombe khona. Ngokujonga nje kwisiza, abantu bangazixelela okokuba bakufuphi nezipoles. Ukusuka kwi-South Pole (ukusuka kwiSouth pole, yonke indawo ngumNtla(kodwa i-compass ayingqiyamanga kakhulu kwiipoles).
Iipoles ezikwimimandla eseMnatla nakumZantsi, zipoles ekujikeleza kuzo umhlaba, zezi zibonwa ngabantu kwihlabathi apho yonke imigca yaseNtshona/naseMzantsi idibana khona.
Ezipoles zihlala kwindawo enye, kwaye zezi sihlala sibhekisa kuzo xa sisithi iipoles zasemaNtla okanye zasemaZantsi. Ngokujonga nje kwiinkwenkwezi abantu bangazixelela okokuba sele bekwezi"poles (kwezi poles, inkwenkwezi ijikeleza kumphakamo ofanayo, ayisayikuze ingene nzulu kwihorizon)''.
I-Biota
I-Biota iligama elixhaphakileyo kwizifundo ezingendalo yezinto eziphilayo ezaziwa ngokuba zeze-bhayoloji. Igama elithi biota libhekisa kuzo zonke izinto eziphilayo ngelo xesha lokanye kuloo ndawo ithile. Imizekelo: i-Cambrian biota; i-Madagascan biota. Eli gama liquka zonke izinto eziphila kuloo ndawo ziphila kuyo, izinto ezinjengeentlobo-ntlobo zezityalo nezezilwanyana, ngenxa yeso sizathu, eli gama lithi biota lisetyenziswa ngakumbi kwizifundo ze-ecology. Igama elikwafana nalo lithi biome, lona ke libhekisa kwiingingqi zomhlaba ezinkulu ngokwendalo nezidalwa eziphila kuzo. I-Tundra is a biome.
I-South Pole
I-Antarctica yindawo ebanda kakhulu. Kwiveki ezininzi phakathi ebusika, ilanga alisayikuze livele. Xa kanye kuohakathi ehlotyeni, phaya kweyoMnga, de kuye kuthi xhaxhe phaya kweyoKwindla, ilanga alitshoni.
I-Biota
I-Flora, i-fauna nezinye izinto eziphilayoezifana ne-fungi zizonke ziqukwa phantsi kwegama elinye eliyi-biota.
I-South Pole
Kanye phaya kwipole, inyanga ezintandathu zonke zezobusika apho ungasoze ulibone ilanga liphuma. Liyakuthi xa lithe laphuma ilanga, ibe kukuqalisa kwehlobo leenyanga ezintandathu apho umntu anokusuka eme nangeyiphi na iyure abukele ilanga ngaphezu kwe-horizon livela lithe chu lihamba limjikeleza.
Uhlolo
Kunzima ukufikelela kwi-South pole. Akufani nakwiNorth pole, yona yogqunywe ngumkhenkce wplwandle, iSouth pole isezintabeni kwilizwekazi. Eli lizwekazi kuthiwa yi-Antarctica. Yogqunywe ngomkhence omkhulu (obukhulu bawo bungaphezulu bemayile phaya embindini) I-south Pole iphakame kakhulu, kwaye inomoya ovuthuzayo. Ikude kakhulu kwiindawo ezihlala abantu, kwaye neenqanawa eziya phaya zisoloko zizenzela iqhinga lokuhamba phezu kwalo mkhenkce wolwandle ungako ukuba mkhulu. Xa abahloli beendlela zokuhamba behamba kwiindawo zomhlaba owomileyo elwandle, bahamba iimayile ezingaphaya kwewaka leemayile phambi kokuba bafike kwi-pole. Kufuneka banqumle iishelf zomkhenkce ezi dada ngaphezulu, babe sele besenyuka besiya kumhlaba owogqunywe ngomkhenkce, benyuke iqhina lentaba yezigezenga zomnkhenkce eziqhekekileyo, umkhenkce ojijiwe wakekelela ngaselwandle, baza banqumla umhlaba okumgangatho ophakamileyo (i-plateau'') nowogqunywe ngomkhenkce waza watshayelwa ngumoya obanda oku komkhenkce noovuthuza ngandla.
Ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yama-20 kukho uhambo olwabanjwa kwade kwakabini, lukhokhelwa ngu Robert Falcon Scott, olwesibini lukhokhelwa ng u-Ernest Shackleton. Kuwo omabini lamatyeli abazange bade bafike kwi-’’South Pole’’, kodwa ke noko babuyela emva besagcinakele kakuhle. U-Shackleton waajika sele ekufuphi ne’’pole’’, kodwa ixesha lonyaka lalisele limkile kunjalo nje noovimba abaephila kubo sele bebuphelelwa. Wayesazi kakuhle okokuba uyakuba ububeka esichengeni ubomi babantu bakhe, waza ke ngoko wabuyela emva.
Olona hambo lwe’’South Pole’’ o lwaziwayo mhlawumbi lolo lungazange luphumelele konke-konke. Olu ke yayiluhambo lwamaBritane (kungeyiyo i-UK nje kuphela, yayiquka nabantu ababevela kubukumkani bamaBritane, ngelo xesha abo bantu babesaziwa ngokuba bangabemi baseBritane) ababekhokhelwa ngu-Robert Falcon Scott. U-Scott kunye namany’amadoda amane, nabo berhuqa izixhobo zabo ngethemba lokuba ngabokuqala ukuyakufika kwi-‘’Pole’’. Bathi bakufika, babona iflegi yaseNorway. Nantsi ileta eyayibekelwe uScott ibonakalisa okokuba u-Amundsen kunye neqela lakhe lamadoda bambethe ngenyanga yonke, ngokusebenzisa izinja ukuba zirhuqe izixhobo zabo.
Kwindlela yabo evela kwi-Pole, iqela likaScott lathi lakubona ubugoxo bempahla endala eyayiqokolelwe ndawo nye lafumanisa okokuba ininzi into eyayingekho neyayidingeka ngelo xesha, ingakumbi izinto ezifana ne-oli, iparafini kunye namafutha eenqwelo-mafutha nezibizwa ngokuba yi-Kerosene. I-Kerosene yayibaluleke kakhulu: ingabalulekanga ekuphekeni nje kuphela, kodwa nasekunyibilikiseni umkhenkce yayikwabalulekile. Yayisithi yakuphela, bangabinamanzi okusela. Enye indoda yafa isiqaqa yafa isahamba. U-Oates wayesazi okokuba iinyawo zakhe ezazisisankwankwa kukubethwa ngumkhenkce azinakho ukumthwala zimbuyisele kwindawo ababezinze kuyo, wabona ke ngoko okokuba makabalibazise oogxa bakhe abeke ubomi bakhe emngciphekweni. Wazibulala ngokwakhe ngokuthi aphume ahambe kwintente yabo aye kweqhaqhazelisa amazinyo yona ingqele. U-Scott nabahlobo bakhe ababini ababeshiyekile babulawa yindlala, kukunxanwa, nayingqele. – bevalelwe yimozulu embi de kwaphela nezinto zokuzixhasa ababenazo. KwiNtwasahlobo elandelayo, imizimba emithathu yafunyanwa ententeni liqela elalisuka kwindawo ababezinze kuyo abahambi, nababebuchibonke ubusika kwindlu yabahambi eyayimi ngaselwandle. Ileta kaScott eyayisiya kwinkosikazi yakhe, newayeyibhale esententeni kuba esazi okokuba wayezakufa, isanda kupapashwa (ngeyoMqungu ka-2007).
Ngaphandle kohambo luka Ernest Shackleton olwalunqumla i-Antarctic (okunye ukuphanza okwanenkuthazo, kodwa u Shackleton wawasindisa onke amadoda awayehamba nawo, emva kokunqumla ulwandle bekwisikhephe esivulekileyo, isenzo esaba nenkuthazo engummangaliso, kwanokunqumla izigaba zentaba engaziwayo bebhuqwa yindlala bekwaqothole yinggele) olu lwaba sisiphelo sexesha lobugorha kuhlolo. Ii-Moto, iiNqwelo-ntaka, ii-Radiyo, kunye ne-GPS zaqinisekisa okokuba ukhenketho olulandelayo aluzange lungaxhaswa.
Namhlanje kukho indawo esisiseko se‘’science’’ American kwi-‘’South Pole’’. Ibizwa ngokuba sisitishi se-iAmundsen-Scott South Pole esenzelwe ukunika imbeko yezi ntlola zimbini.
Ifonetiki
Ifonetiki (upelo /ifonetiki/, livela kwisiGrike: isandi, ilizwi) lisebe lofundo ngeelwimi eliquka ufundo ngezandi zentetho, okanye malunga nolwimi lokuthetha ngezandla isithetha- ntonye zizijekulo. Ibandakanya iimpawu zomzimba nezandi zentetho okanye iimpawu: ukuphinyiselwa kwazo, ukuvakala kwazo, ukuviwa ngeendlebe, nobume bazo ngokoluvo. Ifonoloji kwelinye icala, iqwalasela  izinto ezingabonakaliyo, ukuhlengahlengiswa konxulumano lwegrama lwezandi neempawu.
Isifundo sefonetiki sisifundo esiyimimango ngemimango esigxile kwintetho. Malunga neelwimi ezithethwayo zintathu iindlela zokufunda ezingundoqo: Yonke le miba inxulunyaniswa luthungelwano lwesandi, njengelizwi, ubude noyondelelwano.
Imbali
Ifonetiki yafundwa ukusukela kwiinkulungwane yesithathu phambi kokuzalwa kukaKrestu(BC) kwilizwana lase-India, ngoshicilelo lukaPanini lwendawo nendlela yokuphinyiselwa kwamaqabane kwiSanskrit. Ialfabhethi ezinkulu eIndic namhlanje zihlela amaqabane azo ngokohlelo lukaPanini.
Ifonetiki yanamhla iqala ngemizamo efana naleyo kaJoshua Steele (eProsodia Rationalis, 1779) noAlexander Melville Bell (in Visible Speech, 1867)—ukwazis iindlela zokupelwa kwzandi zentetho.
Ufundo lwefonetiki lukhule ngokukhawuleza ekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-19 ngenxa yokuveliswa komashini oshicilela izandi owawuvumela ukushicelela uphawu lwentetho. Oosofonetitiki babekwazi ukuphonda-phinda ukudlala izandi zentetho amatyeli ngamatyeli baze ke bafake izihluzi zentetho kuphawu olo. Ngokwenza njalo umntu wayenakho ukucubungula ngobunono ubume besandi kuphawu lwentetho.
Isohlwayo
Isohlwayo kuxa into kwenziwe into emntwini okanye kwisilwanyana abe loo mntu okanye eso silwanyana singayithandi loo nto eyenziwa kuye okanye kuso. kusenokwenzeka okokuba bophule umgaqo. Zininzi iintlobo zokohlwaya, zingasuka kwisigwebo sentambo kulo lonke ulwaphulo mthetho olumasikisi, kuye kwizinto ezithi zenziwe ngabazali xa besohlwaya abantwana, ezinje ngokubabetha okanye bathathe izixhobo zabo zokudlala.
Ukohlwaya kungabonwa njengento elungileyo ekuhlaleni, kuba kunqanda kukwakhusela abantu ukuba bangakwazi ukwenza izinto ezigwenxa. Kusenokubonwa nje ngesenzo esikhohlakeleyo nesingeyomfuneko. kusenokubonwa njengesenzo esidala ubungozi ngakumbi kunokuba kulungise.
UmZantsi Afrika mandulo!!!
Amaphandle i-TBVC
Oonobumba i-TBVC bamele e-Transkei; e-Bophuthatswana; e-Venda e-Ceskei. La maphandle amiswa ngokobuhlanga ngoorhulumente bamandulo eMzantsi Afrika, phambi komnyaka wama-1994. Bonke abantu bala maphandle babengavumelekanga ukuba bahambelane. ngaphandle kokuba bahamba ngemvume karhulumente. Yhiyo le nto kwakufuneka benamapasi okuya xa befuna ukuphuma kumaphandle abo.
Benalla Airport
I-Benalla Airport (IATA: BLN, ICAO: YBLA) yi-moya osendaweni kufuphi Benalla e Victoria, Australia. Lo moya likhaya loMmandla Ibanga ukuba uthethe Club of Victoria. Lo moya uye moya ezimbini :. A 1043 eemitha ubude-18 ububanzi yaye omnye imifuno, abaneemitha 718 ubude-30 ububanzi.
Igramma
i-Gramma ithetha imigaqo ebonisa indlela ekuthethwa nekubhalwa ngayo ulwimi. AmaGrike akudala ayedla ngokuyibiza nge-grammatikē tékhnē, ubuchule boonobumba. Isenokuba nayo nayiphi na intsingiselo kwezi zilandelayo:
Xa sithetha, sisebenzisa igramma yomnikazi lwimi, okanye sibebusondela kangangoko sinako. Xa sibhala, sizama ukubhala ngegramma echanekileyo. Ngoko ke ukuthetha nokubhala ulwimi inye kuzo inendlela yayo.
Ukutshintsha kolwimi
Igramma ebhaliweyo itshintsha kancinane kodwa yona igramma ethethwayo iyachebeleza okwamanziukutshintsha kwayo. Izivakalisi ezifunyanisea ngabantu abantetho isisiNgesi kule mihla, kungenzeka okokuba zazibonakala zingaqhelekanga kwiminyaka eli-100 eyadlulayo. kwaye isenokungaqheleki, kuba iintetho ezininzi esizithandayo zivela kwinguqulelo equnyazisiweyo kakumkani uKing james wasebhayibhileni, nakuShakesspear.
abanye abantu basebenzisa igramma eyahlukileyo kwabanye abantu xa bethetha. Umzekelo, abantu abasebenzisa into ekuthiwa yi-General American English okanye i-BBC English basenokuthi, I didn't do anything, ngeli lixa umntu othetha ulwimi olubizwa ngokuba yi-African American Vernacular English okanye i-AAVE asenokuthi, I didn't do nothing. Inguqulelo yaseLondon kwinqanaba labasebenzi: I ain't done nuffink! Ezi ke zibizwa ngokuba zii-double negatives, kwaye zifumaneka kulwimi phantse kulo lonke ulwimi oluthethwayo ubukhulu becala, hayi kulwimi olubhaliweyo.
Lo mahluko kuthiwa xa ubizwa zii-dialects. I-dialect esetyenziswa ngumntu isoloko ibayileyo ithethwa apho umntu ahlala khona. Nangona ii-dialects zesiNgesi ibangamagama awohlukileyo okanye alandelelana ngohlobo olwahlukileyo kwamanye, zihamba ngokwemigaqo yegramma. kodwa ke xa kubhalwa ngesiNgesi saseMelika, igramma isebenzisa imigaqo yesiNgesi saseMelika jikelele. Xa abantu bethetha ng'esona siNgesi sisiso', bathetha ngokusebenzisa igramma yesiNgesi saseBritane, njengoko sibhaliwe sacaciswa kakuhle kwimibhalo eshicilelwe ngokwasemthethweni. Imizekelo yesiNgesi esithethwa mihla le eBritane isoloko ibizwa ngokuba yi-received Pronunciation okanye yi-BBC English.
Izigaba zentetho
Kwigramma kufundwa ngezibizo, izimelabizo, izenzi, iziphawuli, izihlomelo, prepositions, isihlanganisi, izivakalisi, iintetho, izikhuzo.
Izibizo
Izibizo z'izinto' ezifana namagama anjenge'tafile kunye ne'situlo'. zizizinto eziphatheka ngezandla, izinto ozibona imihla ngemihla. Izibizo zezinto ezifana neendawo, amagama abantu, okanye ezinye izinto ezifana neentsuku zeveki. Igama elithi 'James' kuthiwa liyi-proper noun, njengo'lwesithathu' ne-'London'. Izibizo zisenokuba ngamagama ezinto ezingabonwayo ngamehlo okanye singathi izibizo zisenokubhekisa kuvakalelo njengaxa umntu exhwalekile okanye onwabile'.
Izenzi
Izenzi zichaza into eyenzekayo kunye nobume. Ukwenzeka kwento : "uJohn wajula ibhola . imeko/ubume: "Ndinexhala". Igama ekwakhelwe kulo isenzi kuthiwa yi-infinitive. I-infinitive ebhekisa kubukho bento ngu-"uku". umzekelo owaziwayo yintetho kaHamlet: ukuba njalo okanye ukungabinjalo, ngumbuzo lowo''.
Iziphawuli
Iziphawuli zichaza izibizo. Umzekelo, ubuhle k"ubuhle bebhayisikili" buthi ibhayisikili intle. Ngamanye amazwi, "ubuhle" buchaza ibhayisikili. Oku kusenokwenzeka nakwiindawo. Umzekelo, ubude, "sisakhiwo eside esi'' buchaza isakhiwo.
Justine Musk
Justine J. Musk
{| class="wikitable"
E-Bhizana
Idolophu yamaMpondo.
Izikolo zaseBhizana nazi
Iijunior secondary
Ukukholwa yeyokosa
Abantu abaninzi kudala bebekholwa yinyama eyosiweyo kunephekiweyo. eli qhalo livele ekubeni ebesithi umntu akudikwayephekiweyo aphambukele kweyosiweyo. Sekusithiwa ke umntu akuxakwa yinto, kuthiwe,- waakholwa yeyokosa.
Essendon Airport
I-Essendon Airport (IATA: MEB, ICAO: YMEN) yi-moya yoluntu isebenza moya zorhwebo, charter, Jets abucala lwembumba moya Aviation ngokubanzi. Oku zibekwe ngasentla kwihlomela-Essendon, Victoria, Australia, yaye li- ka-305 yeehektare. Lo moya yeyona ikufutshane kumbindi Melbourne. Enye engundoqo moya ka Melbourne ukususela 1970 le ndima kwabatyhutyha Tullamarine Airport.
Station laseNarrandera
I-laseNarrandera Airport (IATA: NRA, ICAO: YNAR) yi-moya encinane ommandla kummandla laseNarrandera kummandla Riverina, New South Wales, Australia. Lo moya ibekwe 7.4 km kumntla-ntshona laseNarrandera.
Phambi kokuba moya isakhiwo wamajoni Royal Australian Air Force, yaye isetyenziswe ngexesha Second World War.
Isisele sombinza
Umbinza ngumthi obutyiwa kakhulu emaXhoseni, ungenzelwa ndlala. Ubusithi ukuba ufunyenwe uluhlaza, ungekavuthwa, udwatywe, ukhiwe, umbelwe izisele, uthi wakufumana ukufudumala esiseleni ubehle uvuthwe kamsinya. Lukwanjalo uTongothi. Ke ezo zisele zombinza beziba zizisulu zokubiwa ngabantu bonke nezingalunge kubo. Livele apho ke eliqhalo. Ithi into yakuba luhlantlalala olungenabani, athi wonke umntu azenzele kuyo engayicelanga, kuthiwe sisisele sombinza.
I-Onchocerciasis
I-Onchocerciasis, ikwaziwa njenge-river blindness ne-Robles disease, isisifo esibangelwa lusuleleko lwentshulube esisifunxi-gazi i-Onchocerca volvulus. Iimpawu ziquka ukurhawuzelelwa ngamandla, iingongoma ezingaphantsi kwesikhumba, kunye nobumfama. Ingunobangela wesibini oxhaphakileyo wobumfama obubangelwa sisifo esosulelayo, emva kwe-trachoma.
Intshulube esisifunxi-gazi isasazwa ngokutyiwa yi-black fly yohlobo lwe-Simulium. Ukutyiwa kaninzi kudla ngokwenzeka phambi kolosuleleko. Ezi mpukane zihlala kufuphi nemilambo, kungeso sizathu le nto sibizwa ngeli gama esi sifo. Zakuba ngaphakathi emntwini, iintshulube ziyila imibunguethi iziyele esikhumbeni. Apha zingosulela i-black fly elandelayo ethi ilume umntu. Kukho iindlela ezininzi zokwenza uxilongo eziquka: ukubekwa zesikhumba kwi-placing kovavanyo lwezicwili zesikhumba kwi- normal saline kunye nokujongwa kokuphuma kombungu, ukujongwa elihlweni lemibungu, kunye nokujongwa ngaphakathi kweengongoma eziphantsi kwesikhumba zeentshulube ezindala.
Alukho ugonyo oluchaseneyo nesi sifo. Uthintelo lungokubaleka ukubethwa ziimpukane. Oku kungaquka ukusetyenziswa kweyeza lokugxotha izinambuzane kunye nesinxibo esifanelekileyo. Amanye amalinge aquka lawo okunciphisa isininzi seempukane ngokufefeza izibulala-zinambuzane. Asaqhubeka amalinge okuphelisa isifo ngokunyanga onke amaqela abantu kabini ngonyaka kuthotho lweendawo zasehlabathini. Unyango lwabo bosulelweyo lungechiza eliyi-ivermectin rhoqo ukusuka kwiinyanga ezintandathu ukuya kwezilishumi elinambini. Olu nyango luyawubulala umbungu kodwa alikwazi ukwenza njalo kwiintshulube ezindala. Ichiza eliyi- doxycycline, elibulala intsholongwane eyi-associated ekuthiwa yi-Wolbachia, ibonakala izithomalalisa iintshulube kwaye iyanconywa ngabanye kananjalo. Ukususwa kweengongoma ezingaphantsi kwesikhumba ngotyando nalo lungenziwa.
Ngabantu abamalunga nezigidi ezili-17 ukuya kwezingama-25 abosulelwe yi-river blindness, nabasondele kwisigidi se-0.8 abanentwana ethile yokulahlekelwa kukubona. Inkoliso yokosuleleka okuninzi yenzeka kwiAfrika engaphantsi kweSahara, nangona nezinye iimeko zixeliwe eYemen nakwiindawo ezimbalwa ezikukuMbindi nakuMzantsi weMelika. Ngo-1915, ugqirha uRodolfo Robles waqala ukumanyanisa le ntshulube nesifo samehlo. Sikwadweliswe yi-World Health Organization njengesifo setropiki esingahoywanga.
German Youth Football Team National
Amaqela German junior likazwelonke liya kuthatha inxaxheba kukhuphiswano yi UEFA kunye FIFA amaqela zolutsha. Abadlali eliphakathi nexesha elide kufuneka zifumaneka ukulungiselela iqela eziphezulu khuthazwa. Ekubeni Kuthathwa ngokuba kwinqanaba ulutsha, iminyaka ngumba enkulu ngamandla umdlali, liye laqalisa umda ubudala ukuba ukhuphiswano namaqela ngamnye ukuqinisekisa inqanaba lwezakhono efanayo. Ukuchonga amaqela U (= ngaphantsi) ukuba ziqaliswe ngonaphakade iphezulu abadlali nganye.
imbali
Iqela lokuqala junior wesizwe entsimini DFB yaba A-junior kazwelonke (U-18) e Liege ngomhla wama-31 Matshi 1953 - yadlalwa ngo-3 - ngethuba inkomfa eziququzelelwe liSebe kwitumente FIFA: waba 2 uloyiso phezu Argentina.
ukubunjwa Iqela esithi: Hannes - Peterek best - Hoffmann, Buderus, Scholz - Muhl, Seeler, Habig, Striker, Mattheus
Ngowe-1956, iqela umfundi kongezelelwa (U 15), ekuqaleni walwa ngaphandle internationals kuphela malungana nokukhethwa eNgilani. Ukususela 1975 imidlalo Ulutsha ngokwahlukeneyo ngenxa A-ulutsha (U 18) kunye B-nolutsha (U 16) iyakhutshwa. Ukuqaliswa lobuntshatsheli ehlabathini lobuntshatsheli yaseYurophu juniors, unyaka wokuzalwa ulwahlulo amaqela zolutsha kuphuhliswa
Xa abadala indawo 1955, junior kazwelonke (U 23) iye yamiselwa. I DFB kukhokelela ukususela 1974 akukho internationals junior "Ngaphantsi 23" elide, ngokubuyisela iqela "U-23" yi omtsha "U-21", owathatha kukhuphiswano lwamazwe ngamazwe njenge "European Championship U-23". Kwimidlalo yamazwe ngamazwe U-21 edlalwa ukususela Oktobha 10 1979th
imidlalo abaninzi === === Amadoda
scorer
Ayaziwa umqeqeshi
Vlamertinge
I-Vlamertinge iyidolophana kwiphondo laseBelgium yaseNtshona West kunye nommandla wesixeko saseYpres. Idolophana yaseVlamertinge yilali liphela ngaphandle kwidolophu yedolophu yaseYpres, ecaleni kwendlela enkulu uN38 ukuya kwidolophu ekufuphi yasePapa.
Ukongeza kwidolophu yedolophu yeYpres ngokwayo, iVlamertinge yinqaba enkulu yeYpres. Ngasentshonalanga yeVlamertinge, ecaleni kwendlela eya ePaperinge, yintsimi yaseBrandhoek.
Imbali
Idatha yokuqala yokuqala ngeVlamertinge ukusuka kwi-Middle Ages. Ngo-857 kwakhiwa isahlulo kwiVlamertinge. Kwi-970 Ypres yabhujiswa kwaye isahlulo seVlamertinge sitshisa. Umbhalo omdala kunayo yonke, owaziwayo njengamhla, oquka igama elithi Flambertenges, ngumsebenzi wonyaka we-1066. UBaldwin V, u-Count of Flanders, umkakhe uAdela kunye nendodana yabo uBaldwin, kulo myalelo banikezela impahla kwicawa kunye neSahluko (unqulo ) ukusuka eSint-Pieters nguLille. Ezi zinto, phakathi kwezinye, isahlulo seshumi esise-Elverdinge kunye neyeshumi eVlamertinge - "In territorio Furnensi, in villa Elverzenges, decinam unam ; Flambertenges decinam similiter unam".
Kwi-Ancien Régime iVlamertinge yayiyi "Heerlijkheid" yeVeinne-Ambacht kunye ne-22 backlendings kwaye ihlupheke kakhulu kwiieges zeYpres eziseduze. Ngexesha leMfazwe Yehlabathi yokuqala, yonke idolophana yabhujiswa ngombhobho. Ngomnyaka we-1944, ngexesha leMfazwe Yehlabathi yesiBini, uVlamertinge wakhululwa yiqela lasePoland.
Geography
I-Vlamertinge i-mitha ezili-17 ngaphezulu kwezinga elwandle. Umasipala unqamle umda we-Ypres eMpuma, iVoormezele ngasempuma-mpuma, iKemmel kunye neDikkebus eMzantsi, i-Reningelst eMzantsi-ntshona, i-Poperinge eWest, i-Elverdinge kumntla kunye neBrielen ngasentla-mpuma.
Uphuhliso lwabantu
Ukususela ngo-1487 ukuya ku-1697 sibona ukwehla okukhulu kubemi baseVlamertinge. Inkcazo ecacileyo kakhulu yale nto yayiza kuba yimfazwe yeMinyaka emashumi anesixhenxe kwiPhondo.
Deda mhlangala endaweni yenyhwangi
UMhlangala neNyhwangi ziinyamazana eziphants'ukufana ngezimilo zomzimba nemilomo yazo ukuba ziintshuntshute, koko noko nzahlukile ngamabalanange ziqu zazo. Eli qhalo laaqala kubazingeli namangqawa abehlala ewabona ukweyisana kwawo loo marhamncwa, aqonda kakuhle ukuba uMhlangala uyoyiswa yinyhwangi, ngangokuba uthi yakufika iNyhwangi apho ubukhona selusuka udeda umka kulii ndawo. Liqhalo athi akufika umntu omkhulu akufika kuhleli umntwana nokuba ngumntu amoyisayo, athi kuye "Deda mhlangala endaweni yenyhwangi."
I-Nile
I- Nile (Isi-Arabic: النيل an-nīl) ngumlambo ose Afrika. Ngowona mlambo mde emhlabeni (malunga nama- 6,650 km or 4,132 eemayile), uhamba uye kungena kwi Mediterranean Sea kufuphi  ne-  Alexandria. Igama lawo lisuka kwigama  lesiGrike  elithi  Νεῖλος Neilos.
Umlambo i-White Nile isuka eLake Victoria e-Uganda, uhambe ke nge-Sudan  uyekungena  e-Khartoum, apho uyakujoyinwa ngumlambo i-Blue Nile ukuze yenze umlambo i-Nile, uze ke ngoku wona uhambe nge Egypt. Umlambo i-Blue Nile uhamba nge-Ethiopia. Malunga nezigidi ezingama-300 zeemitha eziyiminqathana yamanzi ehamba esihla nge- Nile kusuku ngalunye.
I-Nile ibaluleke kakhulu kumazwe ehamba kuwo. Iidolophu ezininzi eJiphethe zakhiwe kufuphi nomlambo. Kananjalo ii-pyramid zikufuphi ne-Nile. Amanzi amaninzi ekukhuliswa ngawo izityalo eJiphethe afumaneka kwi-Nile, nanjengoko ubukhulu becala eli lizwe lithwaxwa yimbalela. I-Nile yayibaluleke kakhulu kumaJiphethe okuqala. AmaJiphethe okuqala afumana [[i- papyrus kwi-Nile.
Iintlobo-ntlobo ezininzi zezilwanyana zihlala kula manzi aseNile okanye zihlale kufuphi nawo, kuquka iigwenya, iintaka, Intlazi nezinye ezininzi. Akuzozilwanyana kuphela ezixhomekeke kwiNile ukuze ziphile, kodwa nabantu abahlala phaya bayawafuna amanzi eNile ukuze benze izinto zabo zemihla ngemihla ezinjengokuhlamba impahla, njengoko amanzi efumaneka, egcina izityalo zingomanga kwaneminye imisebenzi.
Ii-‘’Pyramids’’ zazakhiwe kufuphi ne-Nile kuba bezidinga Isanti evela kwi-Aswan ukuze zithwalwe ngezikhephe ezithwala imithwalo enzima kwehliwe nazo kusiyiwa kwiNile.
Intsingiselo nembali yegama i-Nile
Igama elithi "Nile"livela kwigama lesiGrike elithi Neilos. i-Neilos iveal kwigama elithi "river valley". Kulwimi lwesiJiphethe lwakdala-dala, i-Nile ibizwa ngokuba yi- Ḥ'pī okanye yiiteru, oko kuthetha ukuthi "Umlambo Omkhulu", imelwe Iimpawu nezibalo ezimele okubhaliweyo  ezibonakaliswe ngakwisandla sasekunene  (eziyi- itrw, kunye ‘'amanzi' determinative). I-Coptic, amagama athi piaro (Sahidic) okanye phiaro (Bohairic) athetha ukuthi "umlambo" (lit. p(h).iar-o "the.canal-great") avela kwakweli gama lakudala.
Ray Phiri
URaymond Chikapa Enock Phiri (23 kweyoKwindla ngo1947 - 12 uJulayi 2017) yimvumi yaseMzantsi Afrika ecula umculo wejazz, edidiyelelweyo kunye nombhaqanga, wazalelwa eMpumalanga ezalwa ngumsebenzi waseMalawi owayesebenza apha eMzantsi Afrika ekwayincutshe yomdlali wesiginci owayezaziswa ngegama elithi "Just Now" Phiri. uRay waba lilungu lokuqala elleza neqela ekuthiwa ziiCannibals kwiminyaka yoo1970. Zathi zakubhangiswa iiCannibals, uRay wazifumanela iqela leStimela, ngeli qela wakwazi ukushicilela amacwecwe antengiso yawo akwinqanaba legolide neplatinum njengefire, Passion hide=|y|Ecs|tacy (1991), Look, listen and decide (1992) kwakunye nengoma eyayisithi People Don't Talk So Let's Talk eyayivusa ingxwaba-ngxwaba yengxoxo.
Iminyaka yobutsha bakhe
URay Phiri wazalelwa kufuphi naseNelspruit kumntla weTransvaal, nesele ibizwa ngokuba Liphondo laseMpumalanga eMzantsi Afrika, kule mihla siphila kuyo. Ngo-1985, uPaul Simon wacela uRay kunye ne Ladysmith Black Mambazo ukuba bajoyine kwiphulo lakhe lokwenza icwecwe elithi Graceland, phulo elo laba yimpumelelo nelatsho lenza iimvumi zaseMzantsi Afrika zakwazi ukuqaqambisa amagama azo kumazwe aphesheya. URay wasebenzisana noPaul Simon kwakhona kwicwecwe likaSimon elithi Rhythm of the Saints, cwecwe elo elambeka kumaqonga afana neCentral Park kunye neMadison Square Garden kananjalo wayebonakala kwimiboniso yoomabonakude baseUSA ehamba phambili. Ngo2012, uPaul Simon wenza iphulo letheko lokugqiba unyaka kwatyelelwa eGraceland, apho ke wabakho uRay naye.
Amawonga awafumeneyo
UPhiri ufumene iimbasa ezininzi ehlonitshwa ngegalelo lakhe kwimveliso yomculo, enye yezi mbasa kuthiwa yiOrder of Ikhamanga kwisilivere ewongwa ngayo nguMongameli waseMzantsi Afrika. Le kwakuyimbeko awayeyinikwa ngenxa yegalelo lakhe elingagungqiyo kwimveliso yomculo nempumelelo yakhe ekusebenziseni inkcubeko njengesixhobo sokuzisa inguqu ekuhlaleni.
I-Choanal atresia
I-Choanal atresia lukhubazeko ozalwa nalo olwenzeka phaya ngasemva komzila wempumlo (obizwa ngokuba yi-choana) kutsho kuvaleke mba lo mzila, oko ke kudla ngokwenzeka xa kuthe kwakho ithambo elingaqhelekanga mhlawubi eli thambo linobudalwa obuthile, okanye  xa kuye kwakho i-tissue ethambileyo (enjengenwebu okanye into ebukhumbarha) ngenxa yokusilela kwe-recanalization yawo omabini amagumbi empulo (iimbobo zempulo esiphefumla ngazo) ngexesha lokukhula kwemveku isesesiswini sesilwanyana.
Ubume bayo
Isenokuba unilateral okanye ibe-bilateral.
Iimeko ezinxulumene nayo
Ngamanye amaxesha iimveku zizalwa ne-choanal atresia ziba nezinye iimpawu zobudalwa: Kanti ke neemeko ezenza uxinzelelo olumandla kwibhulorho yempulo okanye kwithanjana elahlula iimpulo zombini zinganxulunyaniswa ne-choanal atresia. Imizekelo ibandakanya i-craniosynostosis syndromes ezifana ne-Crouzon syndrome, Pfeiffer syndrome, Treacher Collins kunye ne-Antley-Bixler syndrome.
Singabonwa njani esi sifo
I-choanal atresia ingakrokrelwa xa kungenakufakelwa ithyubhu yempumloebizwa ngokuba yi-catheter yempumlo. Kwakhona, ukuba kubonakala ukunkcenkceza kwemifinya okuvela kwenye okanye kuzo zombini iimpumlo, oko kungaluphawu lwe- atresia. Olunye uphawu oluxhaphakileyo kukuvaleka kweempulo okubizwa ngokuba yi-cyanosis ebakwimveku xa incanciswa ngunina, njengoko xa ikule meko ukuphefumla kwayo kuxhomekeke kwiimpumlo. Olu phawu lungqinwa nge-radiological imaging, edla ngokwenziwa nge-CT scan.
Iimeko ezenza okokuba ubani abesemngciphekweni wokuba nesi sifo.
Zibalwa kakhulu iimeko esethe zabonwa ezinokudala okokuba umntu abekumngcipheko we-choanal atresia. Nangona unobangela wesi sifo ungekaziwa, ufuzo neemeko zendalo ziyakrokrelwa. Esinye isifundo sibonisa okokuba iikhemikhali ezisebenza njenge-endocrine interrupters zingayibeka emngciphekweni imveku engekazalwa. Isifundo se-epidemiological sango-2012 saqwalasela kwi-atrazine, i-herbicide exhaphakileyo kwelase-U.S., kwafunyaniswa okokuba abafazi abahlala kwiingingqi zolwawulo lwase Texas ezinale khemikhali ekwizinga eliphezulu nesetyenziselwa ukuncothula ukhula, kwaafunyaniswa okokuba aba malunga nama- 80 amathuba okuzala iintsana ezinale  choanal atresia okanye i-stenosis xa kuthelekiswa nabafazi abahlala kwiingingqi zolwawulo apho liphantsi izinga lale khemikhali. Enye ingxelo ye-epidemiological yango-2010 yafumanisa unxulumano olungaphezulu phakathi kokwanda kwezi meko ze-choanal atresia kwanokuvelela kwisandla sokutshaya, ekuphungeni ifofu, nakubantu abaphila ngokuthatha i-maternal zinc ne-B-12 kwanokuvelela kumayeza a-anti-infective urinary tract.
Unyango
Ukungxengwa kwayo okwethutyana kungayimpumelelo xa kunagfakelwa umzila wokuhamba komoya emlonyeni. Kodwa ke olona nyango lupheleleyo luqhaqho ukuze kulungiswe undonakele ngokuthi kombiwe i-atresia ngeenjongo zokudala indlela yokuhamba komoya obizwa ngokuba yi-nasopharyngeal. Ukuba uxinano lwenziwa lithambo lempumlo, elo thambo liyaqhawulwa kuze kufakelwe i-stent (ithyubhu yep-plastiki) fakelwa phakathi kweempumlo. Kufuneka ifunxwe yonke le nto kwisigulane, ikhutshelwe ngaphandle ngomatshini wombhobho womoya. Uyakuthi ke ugulayo ebudaleni bakhe xa kanye aselula okanye xa efikelela kumashumi amabini eminyaka, uphinde uvulwe ngakumbi ke lo mngxuma.
I-stent singafakelwa ngeenjongo   zokugcina le ndlela intsha yokuhamba komoya iselungelweni lokwenza oko,  okanye kusenokuphindwa kwa olwa qhaqho.
Ngokwesiko lesiqhelo
Kumdlalo bhanya-bhanya othi City of Angels, Ugq. Maggie Rice (odlalwa ngu-Meg Ryan) uye wawuchana unobangela wokokuba iimveku zisilele ukuba zibenokuphila ngokupheleleyo ngenxa ye-  choanal atresia.
I-Analogue
I-Analog okanye i-analogue zingabhekisa koku kulandelayo:
Fratello joseph
A UMzalwan’ uJoseph ngumKristu ongumKatolika, othabatha aze abazise abo bamlandelayo ngolwazi oluphathelele isiphelo sehlabathi. Olu lwazi luthatyathwe kwiimboni, ezinjengoLuz de Maria, abathi bayivile imiyalezo evela eZulwini. Kodwa asinguye yedwa weli qela. Amanye amajelo amaKatolika akhupha iividiyo ezingesiphelo sehlabathi. imiyalezo Kule miyalezo kuthiwa inxalenye enkulu yoluntu iya kufa ngenxa yokuba baye bahlukana kakhulu noThixo, kwaye kuphela abo bangamaKatolika abaya kukwazi ukuzisindisa, ukuguquka nokuguqula. Ikwabonisa ukuba icawe iyazikhwebula, njengoPopu uFrancis ethuka amaKristu, okanye ukutyunjwa kwe-antipope kunye neeleta eziyimfihlo ngokunjalo. Konke oku kuya kwenzeka kungekudala, kodwa kwixesha elizayo elingenammiselo.
Amakhonkco angaphandle
UIosephu
Impundulu
Uhlobo lwentaka engumlingo exhaphake kakhulu kwiintsomi zesiXhosa. Mandulo phaya le ntaka ibisayanyaniswa nombane, apho kudlale khona izulu bekukholelwa ukuba oko kubangelwe yimpundulu. Kwintlalo yamaXhosa kukholelwa ukuba yintaka yabafazi yokuthakatha athi umniniyo phambi kokuba asweleke ayishiye kwenye yeentombi zakhe. Ukuba ayabelwangwa mntu iba yingxaki neshologu ekuhlaleni kuba kaloku isoloko inxanelwe igazi.
Paraguay
Paraguay (,, Paraguay , ,  Paraguái ), ngokusesikweni  'Republic of Paraguay'  (in Spanish:  República del Paraguay ; kwi Guarani:  nditeta Paraguái ), lilizwe kwi embindini Melika do Sul, ezimbalwa ukuya emantla nasentshona yi Bolivia, i. emantla nasempuma yi Brazil naoko belimiwe elasezantsi ntshonalanga Argentina <Ref> </ Ref> Paraguay lelinye lamazwe mabini [ [Melika do Sul]] loo nto kuba eKFC elwandle, ndawonye Bolivia. Akaphilanga indawo of <Ref>  </ Ref> lilikhulu kancinci nje  karhulumente Brazil eiro of Mato Grosso do Sul <Ref>  </ Ref> abantu Paraguay liqikelelwa malunga 6.5 yezigidi ngo-2009, uninzi lwazo zicukene kummandla mpuma weli lizwe.
I-digital
Inkqubo yohlobo lwe-digital yinkqubo egcina ulwazi ngendlela eyodwa. Inkqubo echasene nale yeye-analogue, yona iqhubela phambili  wngalaa ndlela bekuqhutywa ngayo. Ngokwesiqhelo, iinkqubo ze-digital zilugcina  ngendlela ye-binary ulwazi; oko kuthetha ukuthi, yonke intwana yolwazi ayinakuba na-value eyenye ngaphandle ko-zero (ivalwe) okanye u-1 (ivulwe). Ulwazi oluthe xaxe lugcinwa luluthotho lwezi ntwana zolwazi, oko kuththa okokuba ingqokolela yoo-0 neyoo-1 inika intsingiselo kulw nkqubo.
Igama elithi digital lixhaphakile kwi-computing nakwi-electronics.
I-A & W zokutyela
I-A & W zokutyela yintambo yeevenkile zokutya okukhawulezileyo ezikhethwe yi-karoti kunye neerrot. I-A & W yayiyiyona nkampani yokuqala yokuphumelela ngemali-mali: ii-franchises zaqala eCalifornia malunga ne-1921. Ubunikazi beenkampani zithathwe kwi of yeentsebenziswano uRoy W. Allen noFrank Wright. Imenyu yale ndawo yokutyela ibandakanya, kodwa ayikhawulelwanga hamburgers, IsiFrentshi amafries kunye nezinja ezishushu. Indawo yokutyela ineendawo ezininzi emhlabeni jikelele kunye ne United States.
"Ukuzalwa wedwa ngumlu wanyama"
Eli qhalo lithethwa mhla kukubi, kulusizi. Lidla ngokuthethwa ngumntu, nokuba ngabantu abayekelweyo, nokuba kuserhamncweni, nokuba kusempini, ekuthi xa amanye amadoda aabuyelana eluhlwini, ngokuzalana kwawo, xa athi nokuba nguwuphi na oxakiweyo, nokuba ngowenzakeleyo kuwo, avakale ewabiza ngooyise, mhlawumbi ngesiduko sakowawo, athi akuthi,:- "Ndingasala nabani, wakoobani, mabandla akwaban?" abuye lawo akowabo nokuba sekunjani aye kufela ndawonye; athi kungenjalo amophule lowo ebeselefile, ukuba ayivelanga mizalwana yakhe, mhlawumbi impi yeziko lakowabo. ImiDange yakhe yamhlutha uTsili ngaloo nto kanye, eselesisiwa eRhini, elikhonkxwa, ngemfazwe yezembe, laathi ilawu awayeqhanywe nalo alinqumla isandla ngomkhonto, emka naye uTsili lowo, lathi kuba lalingenabani wakowalo lashiywa lisimayile, laba "ngumlu wanyama" ke ngoko. Ukuba "mlu wanyama," kukuba sisisulu sabantu bonke, kuba yinto ebiba namaqasho amaninzi alungele iintlobo-ntlobo zabantu, kude kube kwabasemzini; waye ukwasisisulu soozimpethu. Kutshiwo ngoko ke emaXhoseni, :-"Ukuzalwa wedwa ngumlu wanyama."
I-solid
I-Solid sesinye sezimo ezine ezixhaphakileyo sendlela ezimi ngayo izinto. Iimolecules kwi-isolids zisondelelene ngokungathi ziminxene, inye kuphela intshukumo ezinokuyenza, kukungcangcazela. Oku kuthetha okokuba ii-solids zinohlobo ezimile ngalo, hlobo olo lunokutshintsha kuhela xa kuthe kwakhoamandla athe asetyenziswa ukuzityhla okanye ukuzitsala. Akunjalo ke kwizinto ezingamanzi nakwizinto ezingumoya zona kaloku zisoloko zibhadula nje ziyabula nanini na zikhululekile, okokuyabula kwazo ke kuthiwa yi-flow.
Xa i-solid isibangamanzi, kuthiwa iyanyibilika. Izinto ezingamanzi zibayi-solid ziqothole zibengumkhenkce. Ezinye ii-solid ezifana nomkhenkce owomileyo, ziyakwazi ukutshintsha zibengumoya zingakhange ziqale zibenganzi kuqala. Olo tshintsho ke kuthiwa yi-sublimation.
Iindidi ze-solid
Amandla aphakathi kwee-atoms akw-isolid angabonakala ngeendlela ngeendlela. Umzekelo, i-crystal yesodium chloride (ityuwa eyaziwayoityuwa yesiqhelo) yenziwe ngeion sodium ne-chlorine, ezidityaniswe ngee-bond zeion. Kwidayimani okanye i-silicon, ii-atom zabelana ngeeelectron zize zenze iicovalent bonds. Kwiimetal, ii-electrons zikwi-metallic bonding. ezinye ii-solids, njengee organic compounds ezininzi, zidityaniswe ng"amandla evan der Waals" avela kwipolarization of the electronic charge cloud on each molecule. The dissimilarities between the types of solid come from the differences between their bonding.
Metals
Most metals are strong, dense, and good conductors of both electricity and heat. The mass of the elements in the periodic table, those to the left of a diagonal line drawn from boron to polonium, are metals. Mixtures of two or more elements in which the big component is a metal are known as alloys.
People have been using metals for many purposes since prehistoric times. The strength and relialbility of metals has led to their widespread use in making of buildings and other things, as well as in most vehicles, many tools, pipes, road signs and railroad tracks. Iron and aluminium are the two most commonly used metals. They are also the most common metals in the Earth's crust. Iron is most commonly used in the form of an alloy, steel, which has up to 2.1% carbon, making it much harder than pure iron.
Since metals are good conductors of electricity, they are valuable in electrical tools and for carrying an electric current over long distances with little energy loss. Because of this, electrical power grids rely on metal cables to get electricity. Home electrical systems, for example, are wired with copper for its good conducting uses. The high thermal conductivity of most metals also makes them useful for stovetop cooking utensils.