cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
I-Spacecraft
Ii-Satellites
Inxalenye yee-spacecraft ezibalulekileyo namhlanje zii-satellites ezenziweyo. Ii-satellite ezenziweyo zinganeno ngobukhulu,  kwaye zii-spacecraft ezingenabantu ngaphakathi kuzo. Ezinye zazo zihamba kwi-Low Earth orbit ukuze zijonge emhlabeni okanye zihamba kule ndawo ngezinye iinjongo. Ezinye zithunyelwa kwi-geostationary orbit ukuze zithumele ii-radio signals ezisuka kwindawo ethile emhlabeni zisiya kwenye indawo, okanye zijonge okwenzeka ezantsi emhlabeni zikwenza oko ziphezulu. Uqhagamshelwano lwe-satellite lubaluleke kakhulu kumabonakude nakwezinye iindlela zoqhagamshelwano, kwaye eainye ii-satellites zinceda kuqikelelo lwemozulu  nakweminye imisebenzi
Indlovu ayisindwa ngumboko wayo
"Indlovu ayisindwa ngumboko wayo" ithetha ukuba umntu akasindwa ngumthwalo wakhe.
Umgca manani
Umgca manani ngumgca onee-integers (amanani aqhelekileyo, ...-3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3...) aya esanda ngokwanda umlibe macala omabini. U-zero (0) udla ngokuba sembindini womgca manani. Amanani anikene izithuba ezilinganayo phakathi kwawo. Amanye amanani phakathi kwamanye amanani apha kulo mgca amele amanani a-rational, a-irrational, kwanezinye iintlobo zee-real numbers.
kukho omnye umgca manani, equally valid and useful, that extends vertically through 0 (the origin) at right angles to our traditional number line and uses imaginary numbers (i). These so-called imaginary numbers extend above and below the traditional number line and are used in very real calculations in many areas of science and technology and also extend in both directions forever (into infinity).
Different forms
A number line is usually drawn as a simple horizontal line. Another form is the helical number line. If the line of numbers is wrapped around a cylinder following an upward helical path, it becomes a helical number line. If the circumference of the cylinder is equal to the length occupied by ten numbers on the number line, it then becomes a decimal helical number line, and the numbers arrange themselves into columns, each number in a particular column having the same number ending.
Ngumsont'onyikinyiki
Eli qhalo lizekelwe ekubeni usinga ebekuthungwa ngalo iingubo zenkomo, imigqwetho, izikhaka, ibilolwenkomo: Pambi koko kwakuthungwa ngameva, kuba zaye zingekabikho izilanda, ziqale ukuba kho kwakufuthwa izinyikithi, zaze zanda ngakumbi khona kwakufika abelungu neengcingongcingo zabo. Ke ubusithi umsonto ukuba umanzi, awomile wanquma encamini, usuke uman'ukufingana. Iimvaba nezibozi bezithungwa ngemitya yentlonze, kugqojozwe amaqondo apho lo mtya uya[[Ukuthubungela|kuthubungela khona. Bekuthi ukuba umtya lowo ubunyetenyete, ufaniselana intunja yengqanda iwulungele, usuke uthi wakufakwa uman'ufingana, ungavumi ukuphumela kakuhle entunjeni, kuthiwe ke, "ngumsonto onyikinyiki." Namhla sekutshiwo nakumntu ofihle intloko entweni waxelisa esi silwana kuthiwa yinyekevu. Kuthiwe usuke wangumsilasila, ingqukunyembe, umsont'onyikinyiki. Umntu onjalo uyandwetyelwa kunene kuba sukuba enguNxazonke, engafuni kwaziwa elona cala alilo. Umntu onjalo kusuke kuthiwe, sithe sakuthetha naye ngalo mcimbi, wasuka "wangumsont'onyikinyiki"
Intloko
I-organ
Ngokwebayoloji, i-organ okanye i-viscus yingqokolela yee-tissues ezithi zidibane zimi ngohlobo oluthile ukuze zenze umsebenzi othile zibambisene kunye. In anatomy, a viscus is an internal organ, and viscera is the plural form.
Ii-Organs zenziwa yi-tissue enkulu, i-parenchyma, kunye nee-"sporadic" tissues, kunye ne-stroma.
I-e-mail
Iindaba okanye imiyalezo ehamba ngombane (okanye i-e-mail okanye i-email) yInkonzo eza nge-internet evumela abantu abanedilesi ye-e-mail (ii-akhawunti) ukuba bathumele okanye bafumane iileta ezihamba ngombane, Ezo ke zifana neeleta ezi ziposwayo, ngaphandle nje kokuba zona zifika ngokukhawuleza okukhulu kuneeleta ezihamba nge-snail mail xa zithunyelwa kwiindawo ezikude, kwaye sisoloko zithunyelwa simahla.
Njengezinye iindlela eziqhelekileyo zokuxhumana ngembalelwano, abasebenzisa olu hlobo bangazibona sele befumana uthotho lwembalelwano abayifuni nganto. Xa ke lusiza nge-mail, oku kuthiwa si-spam. Ezinye ii-program zenzelwe ukuba ze kuthi xa kuthunyelwa okanye kufunyanwa le mbalelwano zikwazi ukuzibona nokuzihluza ezi zipam zize ke ngoko zivaleleke zingakwazi kwaphela ukungena kwi-email yakho.
Xa uthumela okanye ufumana i- email ngokwendlela eqhelekileyo, kufuneka ubene-device (izinto ezinje nge-computer, nge-fowuni, njalo njalo.) eyakuthi ixhunyaniswe kwi-Internet nakwi-program ye-email (nebizwa ngokulula nje kuthiwe yi-mailer). Ziliqela ke iindlela  ekhoyo zeedilesi ze-email. Eyona ixhaphake kakhulu ibizwa ngokuba yi-RFC 2822, ibonakala  ngolu hlobo <tt>user@domain.com</tt>. Ubukhulu becala imiyalezo ye-email ithunyelwa ngamagama abhaliweyo,  kanti ke ngamanye amaxesha ithunyelwa ngohlobo lwe-HTML.
Ngamanye amaxesha ezinye iinkampani ziyakuvumela okokuba uyithumele i-email yakho simahla  kwi-website ekumgama omde kakhulu, kananjalo ukwazi ukuyifumana i-email yakho  evela kwi-website ekude kakhulu simahla. i-Gmail, i-Hotmail ne-Yahoo! ziphakathi kwezinye ii-website ezenza olu hlobo lwe-"web mail". I-Webmail yona ayilulandeli ncam olu hlobo luboniswe ngezantsi apha, kuba  kaloku i-webpage yi- web application kwaye inakekela iinkcukacha ezininzi ngokwayo. Kwindlela eqhelekileyo kusetyenziswa i-mailer, njengoko kuqhelekile kwi-smartphones.
I-Microsoft izenzele eyayo i-"communication protocol" (okanye uthotho lwemithetho yayo) yokuthumela okanye yokufumana i-mail okanye imbalelwano, ezizwa ngokuba yi-"Exchange". I-exchange protocol isebenza ngokwahlukile geqe kwindlela yesiqhelo kwaye ke eyayo indlela ayichazwanga apha.
Indlela eqhelekileyo
lo mzobo unika umzekelo wento eyenzekayo xa i-email isuka kumntu omnye iye komnye kusetyenziswa le ndlela iqhelekileyo. Kulo mzekelo, uAlice uthumela umyalezo nge-email kuBob.
Naruto
INaruto (waseJapan: NARUTO ナ ル ト) luluhlu lwe-manga lwamaJapan abhalwe kwaye aboniswa nguMasashi Kishimoto. Ibalisa ibali likaNaruto Uzumaki, i-ninja encinci efuna ukwamkelwa koontanga bakhe kunye namaphupha okuba yiHokage, inkokheli yelali yakhe. Ibali lixelwa kwiindawo ezimbini-iseti yokuqala kwiminyaka yangaphambi kokufikisa, kwaye eyesibini ikwishumi elivisayo. Olu luhlu lusekwe kwimifanekiso emibini kaKishimoto: Karakuri (1995), eyafumana uKishimoto ukuba akhankanywe kwi-Award ye-Hop Step Award kunyaka olandelayo, kunye no-Naruto (1997).
I-Naruto yafakwa kwi-magazine ye-Shueisha, ngeveki Shōnen Jump ukusuka ngo-1999 ukuya ku-2014, kwaye yakhululwa kwifom ye-tankōbon (incwadi) kwimiqulu engama-72. I-manga yahlengahlengiswa kuthotho lwe-TV kamabonwakude eveliswe nguPierrot kunye no-Aniplex, owayesasaza iziqendu ezingama-220 eJapan ukususela ngo-2002 ukuya ku-2007; uhlengahlengiso lwesiNgesi kuthotho olusasazwe kwiCartoon Network kunye neYTV ukusukela ngo2005 ukuya ku2009. UNaruto: Shippuden, elandelelana kuthotho lwantlandlolo, laqala ukuboniswa eJapan ngo-2007, lwaze lwaphela ngo-2017, emva kweziqendu ezingama-500. Ukutshintshwa kwesiNgesi kwasasazwa kwiDisney XD ukusukela ngo-2009 ukuya ku-2011, kusasazwa iziqendu zokuqala ezingama-98, emva koko kwatshintshelwa kwibloko yenkqubo yabantu abadala yokuDada ngoJanuwari ka-2014, ukuqala kwisiqendu sokuqala. Ukuziqhelanisa nesiNgesi kusaqhubeka veki nganye kuNdadi yaBadala ukuza kuthi ga namhlanje. Ngaphandle kothotho lwe-anime, uPierrot uphuhlise iimuvi ezilishumi elinanye kunye neempiliso zoqobo zevidiyo (ezilishumi elinambini). Olunye urhwebo olunxulumene neNaruto lubandakanya iinoveli ezikhanyayo, imidlalo yevidiyo, kunye namakhadi okurhweba aphuhliswe ziinkampani ezininzi. I-Viz Media ilayisenisile kwimanga kunye ne-anime kwimveliso yaseNyakatho Melika kunye ne-serial yeNaruto kwimagazini yabo yedijithali yeVeki yeShonen Jump. Uthotho lwe-anime lwaqala ukusasaza e-United States nase-Canada ngo-2005, nase-United Kingdom nase-Australia ngo-2006 nango-2007 ngokwahlukeneyo. Iifilimu kunye nee-OVAs ezininzi kuthotho zikhutshwe nguViz, kunye neyokuqala umboniso bhanyabhanya kumdlalo bhanyabhanya. I-Viz Media yaqala ukusasaza uthotho lwee-anime kwinkonzo yabo yokusasaza uNeon Alley ngoDisemba ka-2012. Ibali likaNaruto liyaqhubeka nonyana kaNaruto, uBoruto Uzumaki, eBoruto: Naruto Izizukulwana ezilandelayo: UBoruto unqwenela ukwenza eyakhe indlela ye-ninja endaweni yokulandela uyise. UNaruto luthotho lwesine lwama manga athengiswa kakhulu kwimbali, ethengisa iikopi ezizizigidi ezingama-250 kwihlabathi liphela kumazwe angama-46, kunye nezigidi ezili-153 zentengiso eJapan kuphela kwaye ezisele ikopi ezizigidi ezingama-97 kwenye indawo. Iye yaba lolunye uthotho lwama-manga athengiswa kakhulu eViz Media; Iinguqu zabo zesiNgesi zemiqulu ziye zavela kwi-USA Today kunye ne-New York Times uluhlu oluthengisa kakhulu, kwaye umqulu wesixhenxe waphumelela i-Quill Award ngo-2006. Ababuyekezi bancoma ukuphuculwa komlingiswa wama-manga, amabali abukhali, kunye nemidlalo yokulwa eyenziwe kakuhle, nangona Abanye baziva imiboniso yokulwa icothisa ibali. Abagxeki baqaphela ukuba imanga, enomxholo wobudala obudala, isebenzisa izingqinisiso zenkcubeko ezivela kwiintsomi zaseJapan nakwiConfucianism.
Icandelo I
Impungutye enamandla eyaziwa ngokuba yiNine-Tails ihlasela iKonoha, ilali yamagqabi efihliweyo kuMhlaba woMlilo (village hidden in the leaves in the Land of Fire), elinye lamazwe amahlanu amakhulu e-shinobi kwilizwe leNinja. Ukuphendula, inkokheli ka-Konoha oyiHokage yesine, u-Minato Namikaze (kunye nenkosikazi yakhe u-Kushina Uzumaki) batywina impungutye ngaphakathi komzimba wonyana wakhe osandul 'ukuzalwa, u-Naruto Uzumaki, esenza ukuba u-Naruto abe ngumkhosi werhamncwa; oku kuthabatha utata ka-Naruto ubomi bakhe, kwaye iHokage yesiThathu ibuya kumhlala-phantsi ukuze iphinde ibe yinkokheli yeKonoha. UNaruto uhlala egculelwa ngabantu baseKonoha ngokuba ngumgcini weNine-Tails. Ngenxa yommiselo owenziwe yi-Hokage yesiThathu ethintela nabani na ukuba akhankanye ezi ziganeko, uNaruto akazi kwanto malunga neNine-Tails de kwayiminyaka eli-12 kamva, xa uMizuki, i-ninja ekreqileyo, etyhila inyani kuNaruto. UNaruto emva koko woyisa uMizuki kumlo, efumana imbeko katitshala wakhe u-Iruka Umino.
Kungekudala emva koko, uNaruto uba yininja kwaye umanyana noSasuke Uchiha, ahlala ekhuphisana naye, kunye noSakura Haruno, lowo atyunyuziweyo naye, ukuba enze iQela lesi-7, phantsi komntu onamava, i-ninja ekumgangatho ophezulu uKakashi Hatake. Njengawo onke amaqela e-ninja avela kwilali nganye, iQela lesi-7 ligqibezela imisebenzi (missions) eliceliwe ngabantu belali, ukusukela ngokwenza imisebenzi kunye nokuba ngoonogada ukwenza ukubulala. Emva kwemisebenzi eliqela, kubandakanya eyona iphambili kwiLizwe lamaza, uKakashi uvumela iQela lesi-7 ukuba lenze uviwo lwe-ninja, elibenza bakwazi ukuqhubela phambili kwinqanaba eliphezulu kwaye bathathe imisebenzi enzima ngakumbi, eyaziwa njenge-Chunin Exams. Ngexesha leemviwo, uOrochimaru, ulwaphulo-mthetho olufunwayo, uhlasela i-Konoha aze abulale i-Hokage yesiThathu ukuziphindezela. UJiraiya, enye yeeninja ezintathu ezaziwayo, uyala isihloko seHokage yesihlanu kwaye yena noNaruto bakhangele uTsunade ukuba abe yiHokage yesihlanu endaweni yoko.
Ngethuba lokukhangela, kutyhilwa ukuba u-Orochimaru unqwenela ukuqeqesha uSasuke ngenxa yelifa lakhe elinamandla, i-Sharingan. Emva kokuzama kukaSasuke ukusilela ukubulala umntakwabo omkhulu u-Itachi xa wayevela eKonoha ukuba athimbe uNaruto, wahlangana noOrochimaru, ngethemba lokufumana kuye amandla afunekayo okubulala u-Itachi. Ibali lithatha indawo xa uSasuke eshiya ilali yaseKonoha kwaye xa uTsunade efumanisa, uthumela iqela le-ninja, kubandakanya uNaruto, ukuba athathe uSasuke, kodwa uNaruto akakwazi ukumcenga okanye amnyanzele ukuba abuye. UNaruto noSakura abayeki kuSasuke: UNaruto ushiya i-Konoha ukuze afumane uqeqesho kuJiraiya ukuze azilungiselele ixesha elizayo xa edibana noSasuke, ngelixa uSakura esiba ngumfundi kaTsunade.
Augustus
Augustus Octavian
Joe Slovo Park
Imvleaphi Yase Joe Slovo
I Joe Slovo Park yiLokishi encinane eyenziwa ukususa amaTyotyombe ase Marconi Beam kwakhiwe idolophu. Kodwa ke ngoku akho mehluko phakathi kwe Joe Slovo nalamatyotyombe ase Marconi Beam. Elinye icala lase Joe Slovo, I Mshini wam, ithiywe ngengoma yomzabalazo 'Umshini wami', ingoma ethandwa ukuculwa ngu Jacob Zuma xa efuna ukuVotelwa abenguMongameli wase Mzansi Africa. Yaqala ukwenziwa ngo 2006 endaweni ekwakukho izindlu ze RDP(Reconstruction and Deveopment Program). IMshini wam yatshiswa ngumlilo. Kwatsho kwaqalelwa phantsi ukwenziwa ngo 2012.
IJoe Slovo ithiywe emva kwe qhawe uJoe Slovo owayengu Ngqongqoshe wezindlu zase Mzansi Africa. Ize ingafaniswa ne Joe Slovo ekwa Langa, Ekapa.
Entlango
Intlango yingingqi ehlala izilwanyana nekumila kuyo izityalo kodwa umhlaba wayo ube yinkqantosi ngokoma. Ifumana imvula engaphantsi kwama25 ee-cm (malunga neeintshi ezili-9.8) zemvula ngonyaka. Omnye umphandi uyichaza intlango ''njengayo nayiphi na ingingqi esenokunqatyelwa ngamanzi kwisithuba esithile sonyaka. Ngamanye amazwi, zinganemvula okanye amanzi amancinane kakhulu ngonyaka kunalawo ziwakhupha emhlabeni ngeevaporation".
Joe Slovo Park
Ingxabano
Kukho uxinizelelo olukhulu ngoba kukho abantu abafuna ukwakha izindlu zabo kumhlaba ongenanto. Ngo okthobha 2012 abantu abangavumeliyo ukuba kwakhiwe kumhlaba uphethwe yi dolophu yas'Ekapa bafika basusa izindlu zabantu, lento yenza ukuba abantu base Joe Slovo baToyitoye. Ngo 2014 abantu base Joe Slovo babona indawo engase Sinenjongo High School bokha izindlu zabo kwaze uRhulumente wohluleka ukubasusa, ngoku iSinenjongo High school inabamelwane ngasesikolweni abangxolisa umculo mihla ngemihla bephazamisa abafundi abakwibanga lesi-11.
Entlango
Iindawo ezinje ngezi zithatha umhlaba ongangama-33% apha emhlabeni. Oko kuquka umhlaba omninzi waseAntarctica, apho umhlaba omninzi ungafumani liqhwa kwaphela. Eyona ntlango inkulu nenobushushu obuphakamileyo yintlango yaseSahara, emantla eAfrica, ithatha umhlaba ozii square kilomitha ezizizigidi ezilu-9.
Joe Slovo Park
Ezemfundo
inezikolo ezimbini enye yazo yi Sinenjongo High School enye ibeyi Marconi beam public Primary School. I library ekufuphi yi Milnerton Library.
Entlango
Inyaniso eyenza umdla
Kwiintlango ezitshisayo ungabona imirage okanye ifata morgana. Imirage ke kukukhanya okuqhathayo. Kungakwenza ucinge okokuba kukho ipuli yamanzi entlango, kube kungekho kwamanzi apho.
Joe Slovo Park
Ezempilo
Indawo ekufitshane yezempilo ise Elbow-Gardens (yikliniki yesihlali) eBrooklyn Milneron, iBrooklyn izikhilomitha ezine xa usuka e Joe Slovo. IMedi-Clinic ese Milpark Milnerton (ikliniki efihlakeleyo) yona ingamakhulu asiBhozo xa usuka e Joe Slovo.
ezokhuseleko
Ezinye izindlu ezise Joe Slovo zikhuselwe zinkampani zokhuseleko. Kodwa ke izindlu ezininzi zixhomekeke kumaPolisa ase Milnerton. Kukho amaPolisa ajonga I Joe Slovo iimini nobusuku. Indawo yamaPolisa ekufuphi ingase Seven Eleven kufuphi ngase Centre Point. akukho zicimamlilo e Joe Slovo, ekufuphi yiMilnerton Fire station.
Umthetho wokuqala
“NdinguYehova uThixo wakho, owakukhuphayo ezweni laseYiputa, endlwini yobukhoboka; ungabi nathixo bambi ngaphandle kwam. Uze ungazenzeli umfanekiso oqingqiweyo, nokuba ngowantoni na esemazulwini, nokuba yeyokuphantsi emhlabeni, nesemanzini aphantsi komhlaba. Uze ungaqubudi phambi kwazo, ungazikhonzi.” ( Eks 20:2-5 ) Kubhaliwe kwathiwa: “Uze unqule uYehova uThixo wakho, umkhonze yena yedwa” Xa umntu ekhetha ubukhoboka obutofotofo phezu kwenkululeko edinisayo. ukhonza izithixo. Utyekelo lomntu kukubeka into ethile njengeyona nto ibalulekileyo kubomi bukabani akulungeleyo ukuchitha ixesha efuna ulonwabo oluyimfuneko nolwanelisayo. Inkanuko yesithixo inyanzelisa ukulawulwa rhoqo kwamandla, athi, ethubeni, afunxwe ngokupheleleyo ngamabinzana ngokweminqweno okanye iminqweno kabani. Nangona kunzima ukuyichaza, izithixo zomntu zinokuba zingenakubalwa: amandla, imali okanye inyama yinxalenye yaloo mizekelo yenkcubeko yangoku ebekwe embindini wobuntu bakhe. Ngoxa izithixo ezinjalo namhlanje zingenakushenxiswa, akukho nto yimbi uThixo ayivumayo ebandakanyekileyo njengaye, njengoko ezivakalisa ukuba unguThixo onekhwele. Nangona kunjalo, ikhwele eluntwini yimbonakaliso egqibeleleyo yeso sivumelwano sokholo apho ubani athembisa ukubeka iNkosi kwincopho yezenzo zikabani, ukuze afumane inzuzo ayithembisayo ngokutshintshiselana nokuthembeka. Izithixo, ngelixa zinika ulonwabo lokuqala, zidala iziyobisi eziyityhefu, zithatha kancinci inkululeko esifuna ukuyinika isithixo endaweni yoko. Ke ngoko, ikhwele libubungqina obengeziweyo bomgcini kunye nenkathalo. Wonke umntu unesithuba sokuzalisa, ukuba akukho ndawo yeNkosi, abanye oothixo baya kuthatha isithuba, belungele ukubeka iingcambu ezonakalisayo, ke ngoko, ukuthintela oku kungenzeki, umntu makangaweli kwiziphazamiso ezinetyala, elungisa ukuthanda kwakhe nokuzibophelela kwakhe. usukelo olubalaseleyo olukhokelela kokuphela koThixo okhululayo. Ngoko ke, umyalelo wokuqala usisenzo sokuzithanda. Ukwenza yonke imidla yentlalo ngokucokisekileyo akusokuze kukhotyokiswe, endaweni yoko, kwinkululeko epheleleyo, uThixo ubonakala njengobuthixo obukhoyo nobuphaphileyo.
I-Mathematics
Yintoni i-Mathematics?
I-Mathematics sisifundo sokufunda ngamananiekubalwa ngawo, ngeendlela ezimile ngayo izinto nangeepatterns zezinto ekuthethwa ngazo ngelo xesha. Kumazwe afana neNgilane, i-Australia, New Zealand naseFrance liyashunqulelwa eli gama leMathematics kuthiwa yiMaths. Kanti eMelika, eCanada naseGermany kuthiwa yiMath. Xa uyi-Mathematician ke kufuneka wazi okokuba uzakufunda ngezi zinto sele zichaziwe apha ngasentla.
Ibaluleke ngantoni i-Mathematics?
I-Mathematics ibaluleke kakhulu kuba zisonjululwa ngayo iingxaki zasekuhlaleni ezisoloko zikho imihla-ngemihla. Baninzi abantu abangezo-Mathematicians abayisebenzisayo i-Mathematics kunjalo nje abaninzi bafunda ngayo. Khawufane ucinge xa ungugqirha ube ungazange wayifunda i-Mathematics, uzakuyibalela njani imixube yamayeza abantu abagulayo. Masithi mhlawumbi ungusomanxiwa, uzakuwazi njani umlinganiselo wamanxiwa. Zininzi izinto apha ebomini ezingenakwenzeka ngendlela efanelekileyo ngaphandle kweMathematics.
Zizisombulula njani iingxaki zemihla-ngemihla eziMathematicians?
Ezi Mathematicians ke zisebenzisa i-logic xa zisombulula iingxaki.
UNobhala Jikelele weZizwe eziManyeneyo
UNobhala-jikelele wezizwe eziManyeneyo ngomnye wabona bantu bakhe babaluleka kwumbutho weZizwe eziManyeneyo. UNobhala-Jikelele ubaluleke ngakumbi kwiingxoxo zehlabathi ngokubanzi. UNobhala-Jikelele okhoyo sithetha nje nguBan Ki-moon.
Imifuno
Asetyenziswa ngemihla, imifuno yiyo nayiphi na inxalenye yesityalo ukuba ningagqitywa ngabantu njengoko ukutya njengenxalenye yesidlo okunencasa. Igama elithi "yemifuno" liphantse engenasizathu, kunye becala kuchaziwe ngesithethe okupheka nenkcubeko. Idla ngaphandle nokunye ukutya efunyenwe kwi izityalo ezifana iziqhamo, iinqoba, ezinokutya okuziinkozo, kodwa kuquka iimbewu ezifana idanyaze. Intsingiselo lokuqala yemifuno ilizwi, isasetyenziswa nangoku zebhayoloji, ukuba ukuchaza zonke iintlobo zezityalo, njengoko kwi ngokwemiqathango "ubukumkani yemifuno" kwaye "izityalo".
Ekuqaleni, imifuno yaqokelelwa endle ngokuzingela waza wangena nokulima kwiindawo ezininzi zehlabathi, mhlawumbi ngethuba elisusela kwi-10,000 BC ukuya 7000 BC, xa indlela entsha yezolimo yobomi kuphuhliswa. Ekuqaleni, izityalo owakhulayo ekuhlaleni ange sasilinywa, kodwa njengoko ixesha lihamba, urhwebo wazisa izityalo zamanye ukusuka kwenye ukongeza iintlobo zasekhaya. Kule mihla, imifuno uninzi bakhulile lonke ihlabathi asivumela kwemozulu, kwaye izityalo ukuze kulinywa kwiindawo ekhuselweyo kwiindawo ngaphantsi ezifanelekileyo. China ke ngoyena mvelisi kwemifuno, kunye kurhwebo lwehlabathi iimveliso zezolimo ivumela abathengi ukuba bathenge imifuno ezikhuliselwe kumazwe akude. Isikali imveliso yahluka ukusuka kumafama ashishinayo axhobisa iimfuno zentsapho zabo ezinqwenelekayo ngenxa yesonka, ukuze ezolimo kunye acreages ezininzi izityalo elinye-kwimveliso. Kuxhomekeka kuhlobo yemifuno ochaphazelekayo, evuna isivuno ilandelwa kwalungiswa, ukugcina, ukuqhuba nokwazisa.
Imifuno kungatyiwa nokuba ukrwada okanye uphekiwe kwaye badlala indima ebalulekileyo ukutya babantu, ukuba kakhulu asezantsi kukutyeba necarbohydrates, kodwa eziphakamileyo weevithamini, iiminerali kunye nefayibha. Oorhulumente abaninzi ukukhuthaza abemi babo ukuba awadubadube kakhulu iziqhamo kunye nemifuno, izabelo ezintlanu okanye ngaphezulu ngosuku rhoqo kunconyelwayo.
E-Pitoli
iPitoli yenye yezixeko ezintathu ezilikomkhulu lelizwekazi iAfrica apha eMzantsi Afrika. Sisixeko esingundlu-nkulu kwimicimbi yolawulo lwaseburhulumenteni kwaneminye imicimbi yesixeko edl'umzi. Abanye oondlu-nkulu bezixeko ababini yiKapa apho kugqitywa khona ngemakwenziwe ngurhulumente(indlu yowiso-mthetho kunye neBloemfontein (iinkundla zokumilisela umthetho). Esi sixeko sisemantla ePhondo laseRhawutini, eMzantsi Afrika.
Iziphaluka nemozulu
iPitoli iphakathi kweHighveld neBushveld, malunga neekhilomitha ezingama-50 emantla eRhawuti emantla-mpuma oMzantsi Afrika. Sisixeko esikwingingqi eshushu, nebufihlakala. Ingingqi le ijikelezwe ziinduli zaseMagaliesberg ezenze[[intaba ngokulandelelana kwazo. Imozulu yasePitoli iyatshintsa-tshintsha kwaye kusoloko kukho umophu (Cwa in the Koeppen climate classification). Iliqhwa yinto ehlala ihlale iwe. apha ePitoli iliqhwa liwa kabini kwikhulu leminyaka.
Ubungakanani boluntu
Esi sixeko sinoluntu abamalunga ne-1.9 yezigidi zabantu. Ezona lwimi zithethwayo apha ePitoli ziquka isiBhulu, isiTswana, isiPedi, nesiNgesi.
Imbali
Abantu abantetho isisiNguni abafika bazinza apha yaba ngabantu bokuqala ukuhlala kumlambo wale ngingqi eyathi ekuhambeni kwethuba yabizwa ngokuba sisixeko sasePitoli.
I-Pitoli yathi yafunyanwa ngo-1855 nguMarthinus Wessel Pretorius. Wayeyinkokheli yeVoortrekkers. U-Pretoruis wathiywa eligama ngoyise owayenguAndries Pretorius. U-Andries Pretorius wabaligorha leVoortrekkers emva kwedabi elalibizwa ngokuba yiBattle of Blood River. Esi sixeko saba ngundlunkulu werhiphabhlikhi yaseMzantsi Afrika ngomhla woku-1 kaCanzibe, ngo-1860.
Ngexesha leMfazwe yokuQala yamaBhulu, esi sixeko saahlaselwa ngeyoMnga ngo-1880 nangeyoKwindla ngo1881. Isivumelwano soxolo esaphelisa imfazwe satyikitywa ePitoli ngeyeThupha 3, ngo1881 kwinkomfa yasePitoli.
Imfazwe yesiBini yamaBhulu (ngo-1899 ukuya ku1902) yeenza okokuba iRhiphabhlikhi yaseMzantsi Afrika iphele. Emva kwale mfazwe, iZiKumkani ezimanyeneyo zaluthathela kuzo ulawulo loMzantsi Afrika. Ngexesha lemfazwe, uWinston Churchill waavalelwa kwisikolo esasibizwa ngokuba yiStaats School ePitoli. Kamva waakhululwa waza waya eMozambique. Isixeko saanikezela kumajoni omkhosi waseBritane ngomhla wesi-5 kweyeSilimela, ngo1900. Le mfazwe yapheliswa ngokutyikitya isivumelwano soxolo esasibizwa ngokuba luxolo lwase Vereeniging ngomahla wama-31 kuCanzibe ngo-1902.
Intamo
Intamo yingingqi yomzimba edibanisa umqala nomzimba kwaye ivumela ukuphefumla nokugaya
E-Pitoli
Imbali
Ngo-1910, iPitoli yaba ke ngoko iba nguNdlunkulu wolawulo kuMzantsi Afrika uphela, yaza yona iKapa yaba ngundlu-nkulu wendlu yowiso-Mthetho. phakathi kweminyaka ka-1860 no-1994, esi sixeko sasikwa nguNdlunkulu wephondo laseTransvaal. Ngomhla we-14 kweyeDwarha ngo1931, isixeko sasePitoli saathi yaziswa ngokwaseburhulumenteni. Waathi xa uMzantsi Afrika wawusiba yiRhiphabhlikhi ngo1961, iPitoli yasigcina isikhundla sayo sokuba nguNdlunkulu kulawulo.
Kwabakho ixesha apho iPitoli yayisaziwa njengoNdlu-nkulu wengcinezelo yaseMzantsi Afrika. Oku kwatshintsha mhla uNelson Mandela waba nguMongameli wokuqala omnyama kweli lizwe.
Uqoqosho
IPitoli liziko lemveliso elubaluleke kakhulu. Inemizi yemveliso emininzi kakhulu singabalula eyentsimbi and iacciaio ebunkcenkce kunye nenqwelo ezitshintshayo, indlela kaloliwe kunye neematshini nemizi-mveliso.
I-logic
Igama elithi logic livela kwigama lesiGreek elithi logos. I-logos yona ingathetha isivakalisi, i-discourse, i-reason, i-rule, i-ratio. Ewe kona ezi ntsingiselo azinakunceda ngokwaneleyo ukunika intsingiselo eyiyo yegama elithi 'logic' ngale ndlela lisetyenziswa ngayo kungoku nje.
Ungayichaza uthi yintoni kanye kanye i-logic? Ngokufutshane singathi i-logic sisifundo ngeeprinciples ze-reasoning efanelekileyo okanye eyiyo, nekuthiwa ngokwakwa science yi-correct reasoning. Le nkcazo yeyexeshana nje kuba indlela ekuchazwa ngayo intsingiselo ye-logic ngumcimb'onzima otshis'ibunzi nodala ingxwaba-ngxwaba. kodwa ke, ngenxa yokokuba kufuneka sikwazisile mfundi ngesi sifundo se-logic, sicinga okokuba kubalulekile okokuba sikunike ufifi ngesi sifundo ozakube usifunda. yiloo nto kuphela esizakube siyenza kweli phepha okwangoku. Nje ngoko sele siwuchazile umahluko phakathi kwe-logic reasoning ne-psychology of reasoning phantsi kwesihloko esithi 'ii-principles, ngoku sizakuthetha kuvokotheke ngayo nge-logic neeprinciples zayo.
Ii-principles ze-logic
Khawutsho ke, zeziphi ezi principles zereasoning ezenza i-logic? zininzi ii-principles ezi lolu hlobo, kodwa ke eyona nto esiyifundayo (kungeyiyo yodwa) kwi-logic zii-principles ezilawula nezingumkhomba-ndlela obonisa i-validity yeengxoxo (okanye yee-arguments ukuze sikwazi ukubona okokuba ingaba izigqibo ezithile ekuthi kufikelelwe kuzo ziziziphumo zoko bekukukhe kwabekwa ngaphambili njengento enokwenzeka. Umzekelo, khawuqwalasele ezi ngxoxo zintathu zilandelayo:
Ukuba uZola uhlala ezilalini, ke uZola ulihlwempu. UZola uhlala ezilalini. Ngoko ke, uZola lihlwempu.
Ukuba u-K>10, ke u-K>2. u-K>10. Ngoko ke, u-K>2.
Ukuba i-Johannesburg iseRhawutini, ke i-Johannesburg ayikho se-Eastern Cape. I-Johannesburg ise-Rhawutini. Ngoko ke, i-Johannesburg ayikho se-Eastern Cape.
Ezi ngxoxo zintathu sizibonayo apha ngokuqinisekileyo ziingxoxo ezilungileyo kuba kaloku izigqibo ekufikelelwa kuzo ngazo zisekelezelwe zikwalandela ii-assumptions(oko sele kutshiwo ngaphambili). Ukuba ngaba ezi-assumptions ze-argument ngenene zinyanisekile okanye zi-true, nesigqibo se-argument ekufikelelwa kuso si-true. I-logician izakukuxelela okokuba zonke ziyimibandela yaloo argument ekuthiwa yi-modus ponens.
I-diffusion
I-diffusion eyenzeka ngokweenkqubo ezimbini: e-chemical ne-biological, ii- molecules zihamba zingumthombo zisuka kwinto okanye kwindawo ethile, esingathi  (ngamanye amagama apho kuqhuma khona) yi-high [//simple.wiktionary.org/wiki/concentration concentration] (apho zininzi khona ezi- molecules) zisiya kwindawo echazwa ngokuba i-low concentration (apho ke zimbalwa khona ezi molecules).
I-diffusion idla ngokwenzeka nge-gas okanye nge-liquid. Kuyenzeka okokuba uyibone i-diffusion isenzeka xa ii-liquids ezimbini zixutywe kwizitya ezi-[//simple.wiktionary.org/wiki/transparent transparent]. Ichaza intshukumo yee-particles emi eyenzeka ndawonye kuzo zonke ii-liquids kwanakwii- gases.ezi particles ziyabula zigqibe yonke indawo ekwesi sitya zide ziman'ukungqubana. I-diffusion ingasebenza kwii-gases nakwii-liquids. Nantsi inxalenye yemizekelo ye-diffusion: Ii-Molecules zithanda ukuhamba zisuka kwindawo apho zisuka okanye zininzi khona ezo ndawo ke sithi zii-high places concentration, ziye kwiindawo ezingekho kuzo nekuthiwa zii-low places of concentration, ngokuzihambela nje kwazo zingalawulwa nto. Umzekelo, kukho i-oxygen ethe chatha emphungeni xa kuthelekiswa naleyo isegazi ni, ngoko ke ii-molecules ze-oxygen ziyakuthanda ukuhamba zisiya egazini. Ngokunjalo, zingaphezulu ii-molecules ze-carbon dioxide egazini xa kuthelekiswa nezo zisemphungeni, ngoko ke ii-molecules ze-carbon dioxide ziyakuthanda ukuhamba ziye kungena emphungeni. .
Apho kukho ingxinano enkulu, ngenxa yokuyabula kwee-molecules ezingamanzi, ziyakuthanda ukuthi saa kuloo nto de zibe azisenako ukuhamba.
Usapho (lwakwa Bayoloji)
Kwa-bayoloji, usapho lukukulandelelana kwamamanqwanqwa, okanye i-taxon kwelo nqwanqwa kuthethwa ngalo. Usapho ngalunye lune-genera enye nangaphezulu. Inqwanqwa elilandelayo ngokubaluleka lele-order. Okuqhelekileyo, yinto yokokuba kwizilwanyana, igama losapho ligqibela ngo-"idae", lize ke elezityalo ligqibele ngo-"aceae". ngamatye amaxesha kubakho ii-subfamilies kunye nee-superfamilies. Ii-Subfamilies ziphela ngo-"inae" okanye ngo-"oideae".
Umzekelo, zombini i-walnuts (eyi-genus Juglans) ne-hickories (eyi-genus Carya) ziphantsi kosapho lwe-walnut (eyi-Juglandaceae).
IPoland
IPoland lelinye lamazwe aseYurophu. Ikomkhulu: Warszawa.
Orphan
Ngokwesilungu, Inkedama ngumntwana ongenabazali. Oku ke kungabangwa kukuba abazali bakhe baasweleka okanye baamlahla/ abamfuni. Ngenxa yezi meko iinkedama zihlala kwikhaya lazo ekuthiwa ngumzi weenkedama, okanye i-orphanage, kulapho abantwana abangenabazali bahlala khona. Abantwana abaninzi abahlala kweli khaya lee nkedama bakhuliswa ngumntu okanye ngabantu ababini.
Unobangela
Ngamanye amaxesha abazali bayagula bade bafe babe abantwana babo bona besebancinane, kuze kuthi ke xa kungekho sizalwane sabo sizimisele ukubakhulisa, zibe zingenakho kwaphela ukwenza oko, bakhuliswe kwikhaya leenkedama abantwana. Xa beliqela abantwana, umzekelo, oodade nabanakwabo beshiyeke beziinkedama, ngokwesiko lesilungu bayohlulwa; omnye umntwana asiwe kolunye usapho; ngeli lixa omnye eshiyeka kweli khaya leenkedama.
Maxa wambi basenokungabhubhi abazali, ntonje bangabinamisebenzi  namali, baze ke ngoko ngokwesiko lesilungu, babalahle abantwana babo kuba bengenakukwazi ukubakhulisa. Abazali bangafikelela kwisigqibo sokokuba ukuba kungakho mntu wumbi onokubakhulisa aba bantwana, mhlawumbi bangatsho babenekamva eliqaqambileyo kwixa elizayo.
UKunceda iinkedama
Kumazwe maninzi athwaxwa yindlala  iinkedama zisoloko zibonwa zidwakasa  zicela zicela amalizo e-mali nokutya; abaninzi basenokungayi nasesikolweni. Akukho nzame zingakanani ezenziwayo zokubanceda kula mazwe angathathi ntweni.
Kodwa kumazwe ekuhluthwayo kuwo,   imibutho kwanamaziko amaninzi ayazinceda iinkedama  aze aphinde ancede abazali ngonyango xa begula okanye mhlawumbi xa behluphekile, ukuze bangabalahli abantwana babo. Imibutho enje ngeecawa neenkonzo zasekuhlaleni, ziyabancedisa.
Imbali yeenkedama
Abalinganiswa abaninzi kwiincwadi nakwimidlalo bhanya-bhanya, bebesoloko bedlala indima yeenkedama,  imidlalo efana no-Oliver Twist, u-David Copperfield, u-Annie, u-Batman, kunye no-Harry Potter.
U'''Sarah Bernhardt'''
USarah Bernhardt wazalwa ngomhla wama(23 October 1844 – waza wasweleka ngomhla wama26 March 1923) wayengumFrentshi ongumdlali weqonga, owayesoloko ebizwa ngokuba "ngumdlali wodumo kwimbali yehlabathi". UBernhardt walwenza udumo lwakhe kumaqonnga aseYurophu ngeminyaka yoo1870, waza wasebenza eYurophu ngokukhawuleza naseUnited States. Wakhulisa isidima sakhe njengomdlali wokwenene, watsho wafumana isiteketiso esithi "The Divine Sarah."
Eselula
wazalelwa eParis enguMarie Henriette Bernardt, intombi kaJulie Bernardt noyise owayengumDatshi. Wongeza iqabane u"H" kwigama lakhe nakwifani yakhe, waza wasebenzisa igama likaEdouard Bernardt, umalume wakhe, njengegama likayise. Oko kwakusenzelwa ukufihla into yokokuba uyise wayengaziwa.
Ubizo
Ubizo lukaBernhardt lwaqala ngo1862, xa wayesengumfundi eComédie-Française. Wayehamba nzima apho, waza washiya waya kuba ngumsebenzi wenkundla zamatyala ngo1865. Waqala ukubanodumo eEurope ngoo1870, waza wathi ngokukhawuleza wabizwa ngapha nangapha kulo lonke elaseyurophu naseNew York. Waba ngoyena mdlali weqonga udumileyo ngeminyaka yenkulungwane ye-19. Wafunda ulutsha oluninzi kumantombazana ukudlala eqongeni, omnye wabo yaba nguLiane de Pougy.
Ubizo lwakamva
Ngo1905, xa kanye wayesadlala eRio de Janeiro, uBernhardt wonzakala kwidolo langasekunene kwisiqendu sokugqibela somdlalo xa kanye wayetsiba eskuka phezulu kudonga oluphakamileyo. awuzange uphinde unyangeke ngokupheleleyo umlenze wakhe, ubonakalisa iimpawu zokugruzuka. Ngo1915, iinyama zonyawo lwakhe zafa cum waza wonke umlenze wakhe wangasekunene wanqunyulwa, oko kuthetha okokuba wayehamba ngesitulo iinyanga eziliqela. Nangona kunjalo waqhubela phambili nobizo lwakhe. Wabamba ukhenketho olwaba nempumelelo olwalusiya eMelika ngo1915, waza wasweleka xa kanye wayebuyela eFransi. ngomhla wama-26 kweyoKwindla 1923, uBernhardt wabulawa yiuremia eyayilandela ukoyisakala kwezintso zakhe. Wangwatyelwa kumadlaka ePère Lachaise eParis.
Amanani a-natural
Amanani a-natural, asoloko ebizwa ngokuba ngamanani okubala, nganmanani asetyenziselwa ukubala izinto. Maxa wambi inani elilodwa elingu-zero kuthiwa nalo linanieli-natural. Maxa wambi u-inye ubizwa ngokuba lelona nani li-natural lakhe lalincinane. Amanani a-natural asoloko engamanani a-pheleleyo azii-(integers) kwaye akasokuze abe ngaphantsi kuka-zero.
Akukho nani li-natural likhe libe lelona likhulu kunamanye. Inanani eli-natural elinokulandela lingafumaneka kuphela ngokuthi kongezwe u-1 kwelo nani li-natural nelikhoyo ngaloo mzuzu, kutsho kwenzeke amanani ayakuqhubeka evela "umphelo". Akukho nani lingathi li-natural liphinde libe-infinite. Naliphi na inani eli-natural lingafumaneka ngokongeza u-1 kwinani eli-natural nekulelona lakhe lalincinane.
ipanslavism
Amanani angekho natural
Ezi ntlobo zamanani zilandelayo akungomanani a-natural:
Atteridgeville
Atteridgeville idolophu/ilokishi kwiPhondo yaRhawuti laseMzantsi Afrika.
Iliwa Inqanawa
iliwa inqanawa liliwa elifumaneka eItali, kufutshane nesiqithi sasePanarea. ilitye kwindawo yalo ephezulu liphezulu iimitha ezingama-49, kwaye likhulu nge-0.0042 km2.
amawa aseItali
Mayibuye indebendala
Kusadliwa ngendeb'endala kwaXhosa
Ndingaphozisanga maseko masingene emxholweni Abantu abantsundu baphelile apha phandle ngenxa yokulahla imbo ngophoyiyana. Xa</b> ungumntu kubalulekile ukuba uyazi imvelaphi yakho kwaye uwaxabise amasiko kunye nezithethe.Amaxhosa pha! mandulo ibingabantu abangumzekelo omhle, kodwa ngenxa yokulandela izinto zabantu abamhlophe babutshabalalisa oko. Xa kunokubuyiswa indebe endala zingatsho zihambe ngendlela izinto zakwaxhosa.Into iqala apha esinxibeni, xa unokujonga apha phandle akukho nomnye umntu osanxiba isintu.Abantu bazinxiba ngeharitageday kuphela,ukanti inkonde zakuthi bebezixabisile izinxibo zakwantu. Zininzi izinto ezinyundululu ezenziwa ngabantu abantsundu ngenxa yokulandela izinto zabantu abamhlophe.Ukhulelo lwamantombantombazana aselula yenye yezinto ezibangelwa kokulahlwa kwemvelaphi yakwaNtu ngoba pha mandulo ubungasoze umbone umntwana okhulelwa eselula. Luphelile ulutsha lwakuthi ngenxa yokulahlekiswa zizinto zabantu bangaphandle.Ukuphumelela kwabantu abantsundu kunqongophele ngoba bazibandakanya ngezinto ezingabakhiyo. Abantu abaninzi abasawenzi amasiko kanti ke isiko yinto ebalulekileyo ngoba xa ungayenzanga iyakulandela,ukanti abanye bathi sele bewenza bawenze ngendlela engeyiyo umzekelo. Abanye abantu bolukela ezibhedlele koko bekungenziwa oko kusadliwa ngendebe endala.
Izinto ezixatyisiweyo kwaXhosa
Olu ncwadi lwemveli belusenziwa xa kuchithwa isithukuthezi.Iintsomi zenziwa ngexesha langokuhlwa,bezithandwa ukwenziwa ngoomakhulu kunye nootatomkhulu kudala. Ubudlobongela bebunqongophele ngoba abantu abantsundu bebedla ngokozonwabisa amaxesha amaninzi.Ukubulalana kwabantu ngendlela ezimasikizi bekungenziwa.Emicimbini bekuculwa iingoma zakwaXhosa,kuxhentswe,kungqungqwe njalo-njalo.Ukubuyiswa kweNDEB'ENDALA kungabanga ukuba kubekho uxolo nothando eMzantai Afrika.Uqhawulo mtshato yinto ibingafane yenziwe,kodwa namhlanje sigagana nalo umhla nezolo phofu unobangela kukulahlwa kwendeb'endala.Abantu abangamabhinqa ababathobeli abantu abangotata' Amantombazane ebethwala kudala,umntu ebesendela emntwini angazange wancuma naye kodwa ekugqibeleni bebekwamkela oko.
Ilobola
Lobolo or Lobola in Zulu, Xhosa and northern and southern Ndebele (Mahadi in Sesotho, Roora in Shona, and Magadi in Northern Sotho), sometimes translated as bride price, is a traditional Southern African custom whereby the man pays the family of his fiancée for her hand in marriage. The primary purpose of lobola is to build relations between the respective families as marriage is seen as more than a union between two individuals. (Compare with the European dowry custom where the woman brings assets.) Traditionally the Lobolo payment was in cattle as cattle were the primary symbol of wealth in African society. However, many modern urban couples have switched to using cash. Some families even use electronic transfers and credit cards as a form of payment.
11 (inani)
11 (ishumi elinanye) linani. Liza phakathi kweshumi neshumi elinambini, yi-odd number, kwaye-prime number, emva koo-2, 3, 5, kunye no-7.
Kwii-Roman numerals, i-11 libhalwa ngolu hlobo  XI.
UmGaqo-siseko wasemZantsi Afrika
Yintoni umGaqo-siseko? UmGaqo-siseko weli lasemZantsi afrika ngumthetho owongameleyo kweli lizwe. Unika isiseko somthetho ngobukho bale riphabhlikhi yasemZantsi afrika, iwabeka acace gca amalungelo nekulindeleke ukuba kwenziwe ngabemi beli, ize icacise ngokupheleleyo indlela ame ngayo urhulumente weli lizwe. Lo mGaqo siseko ukhoyo usisikhokhelo sesihlanu kurhulumente wasemZantsi Afrika, nowathi waqhulunkqwa ePalamente eyonyulwa ngo-1994, unyulo lokuqala olubandakanya zonke iintlanga zeli lizwe. Lo mGaqo-siseko wabhengezwa nguMongameli uNelson Mandela ngomhla we-10 kuDisemba (kweyoMnga)ka-1996, waza waqala ukusebenza ngomhla wesi-4 kuFebhuwari (kweyoMdumba) ngo-1997. lo mGaqo-siseko wathi wathatha indawo yomGaqo-nkqubo wethutyana (interim Constitution) eyamiswa ngomnyaka ka-1993.
Ikhemikhali
Ilungu lekhemikhali liyi-substance enohlobo lwe-atom olunye kuphela. Ukuba i-substance ineentlobo zee-atoms ezimbini nangaphezulu,  yi-compound. I-element isenokuba yi-solid, yi-liquid okanye onye i-gas. Eyona particle incinane ye-element elolo hlobo yi-atom. Ii-atoms zenziwe ngee- protons, ii-neutrons, nangee-electrons.
I-Edinburgh
I-Edinburgh Enye yezona zikhulu esikhulu kunye nekomkhulu laseScotland, ummandla we-United Kingdom. teknapa
Ikhemikhali
Ilungu ngalinye linohlobo lwe-atom olunye kuphela. Inani lee-protons ezikwi-atom libizwa ngokuba yi-atomic number okanye yinombolo ye-atom, umzekelo, zonke ii-atoms ezinee-protons ezi-6 zezelungu lekhemikhali eliyi-carbon, kwaye zonke ii-atoms ezinee-protons ezingama-92 zona zezelungu ekuthiwa yi-uranium.
Amalungu okanye ii-elements zisisiseko sazo zonke iintlobo zee-substances. Xa zithe zadityaniswa, zingenza izinto ekuthiwa zi- imolecules.
Amalungu ekhemikhali ahlala ebekwa ngokulandelelana kwawo kwi-periodic table. Apho athi adweliswe khona nalapho sixelelwa khona ngeenkcukacha ezenza zibe nonxulumano  namanye amalungu eekhemikhali.
Umtshato wesintu/umendo
NgokwesiNtu umtshato (umendo) wakha ubuhlobo phakathi kwemizi emibini ethi itshatise indoda nomfazi ngokwasentlalweni nangokwasemthethweni emveni kokuba elotyolwe ngeenkomo zasemzini wakhe eziquka nezinye iimpahla ezinexabiso ekuvenwe ngazo ngokwemvano yobulawu. Ubuhlobo obu buphakathi kwale mizi mibini bungunaphakade, kanti buye bomelezwe ngakumbi kukuzalwa kwabantwana. Ukusiwa komfazi emini ngamawabo esingela ikhaya lakhe apho ebephila ubomi benkosazana kumphakamisela kwiqondo lobukhosikazi apha emzini. Kulapho ke ayakubalasela khona ngesakhono sakhe sothando, nenkathalo, nangokukhuthala, ngentembeko nangobundlezana. Ngokomzekeliso lo mfazi usisikhukukazi esifudumeza umntwana, ixhego, mikhuhlane nani zinkedama zalo mzi khonukuze zizive zonelisekile.
Ikhemikhali
Ii-Compounds
Ii-Elements okanye amalungu zingadibana (ngoku-reactha) ukuze zenze ii-pure compounds (ezifana namanzi, iityuwa, ii-oxides, kunye nee-organic compounds). Kwiimeko ezininzi, ezi compounds zine-fixed composition kwane-structure zazo nee- properties. Ii-properties ze-compound zingahluka kakhulu kwii-elements ezenziwe kuzo. I-Sodium y-imetal etshayo xa ithe yabekwa emanzini ane- chlorine iba yi-gas eyityhefu. xa zithe zadibana kwenzeka i-sodium chloride (ityuwa) into ke leyo engenabungozi kwaye yinto esenokusetyenziswa luluntu mhlawumbi ekutyeni.
Imixube
Ezinye ii-elements, ingakumbi ii-elements ze-metal ziyadibana zizodwa nangayiphi na i-proportion ukuze zenze izi-structures esintsha. Ezo structures ezintsha azizo compounds. zibizwa ngokuba yimixube.
Ii-Isotopes
Uninzi lwee-elements endalweni lwenziwe ngee-atoms ezinamanani ee-neutrons awohlukenenyo okanye angafaniyo. I-isotope luhlobo lwe-element olunenani elithile lee-neutrons. Umzekelo, i-carbon inee-isotopes ezimbini ezingagungqiyo kwelo nani, ezi ke zii-isotopes ezizenzekelayo:  i-carbon-12 (inee-neutrons ezi-6) ne-carbon-13 (ii-neutrons ezisi-7). I-Carbon-14 (nee-neutrons ezisi-8) yi-radioactive isotope e-carbon ezenzekelayo. Kwi-element nganye, ngaphandle kwe-Ununoctium, zimbini ii-isotopes ziyaziwa.
Ukwahlulwahlulwa kwee-elements
Ii-elements zisenokwahlulwa-hlulwa zibe zii-metals nee-non-metals. Kukwakho nezinye ezininzi ii- metals kunee-non-metals.
Nangona kunjalo, ii-elements ezimbalwa phakathi kwezizii-metals nakwezo zizii-non-metals. Ezi elements zibizwa ngokuba zii-semimetals (okanye ii-metalloids).
UWhitney Houston
UWhitney Elizabeth Houston (wazalwa ngeyeThupha ngomhla we-9, ngo1963 – walishiya eli ngeyoMdumba umhla we-11, ngo2012) engumlonjikazi waseMelika, ekwangumdlali, umdidiyeli, kunyenonobuhle. Ngo2009, Abashicileli bakwaGuinness World bamnika intshinga yokuba ngumdlali wasetyhini wamaxa onke. UHouston ngomnye weemvumi weengoma zepop ezona ngoma ezazisoloko zithengwa kakhulu kubugcisa bomculo ngalo lonke ixesha, intengiso yazi iqikelelwa kuma-170-200 ezigidi zamacwecwe athengiswe kwihlabathi jikelele. Ukhuphe oobhazabhaza abathandathu bamacwecwe, enye kuzo ngubhazabhaza weeholide abathathu ngabeengoma zemidlalo bhanyabhanya, zonke ke zizuze isetifikethi sedayimani,  i-multi-platinum, se-platinum okanye segolide, ukuzibonakalisa kwakhe lo kaHouston kwihlabathi kwithsathi yomculo, ngokunjalo nasekuqaqambeni kwakhe kwiMTV, ukususela kumboniso bhanyabhanya wengoma ethi "How Will I Know", abanefuthe elingummangaliso kumagcisa angamaAfrikakazi aseMelika amaninzi awayengabalandeli bakhe.
Amawa aseItali
Nalu uluhlu langqaqa aseItali:
UStevie Wonder
UStevland Hardaway Morris (wazalwa ngomhla we-13 kwekaCanzibe ngo1950, enguStevland Hardaway Judkins), waziwa ngegama lakhe leqonga ke elithi Stevie Wonder, ngumlonji waseMelika, imvumi, ukwangumbhali weengoma, nomdidiyeli wamacwecwe eengoma, aphinde abeyingcali edlala iiintlobo-ntlobo zezixhobo zomculo. Inkwenkwezi yomntwana, ubengomnye wabantwana abakhe banesiphiwo sobugcisa nowayebathanda kakhulu abadlali bomculo beminyaka yasekupheleni kwenkulungwane yamalate 20. UWonder watyikitya isivumelwano noMotown oyinkampani yombhalo kaTamla eseneminyaka eli-11 waza waqhubela phambili ukucula phambi kwezihlwele ekwashicilela uMotown ekuqaleni kweminyaka yoo2010. Wabayimfama esasandula ukuzalwa.'
Amawa aseItali
iliwa Inqanawa
Iliwa ISpinazzola
Iliwa IFaraone
Iliwa IFaraone
Iliwa laseFaraglione liliwa lase-Italiya, eliseziqithini zaseAeolian, malunga neemitha ezingama-300 ukusuka kwisiqithi saseSalina. iliwa linemvelaphi yentaba-mlilo kwaye likhulu nge-0,0049 km2.
Isixhobo se-output - isixhobo solwazi oluphekiweyo
Kwa-computing, isixhobo sesiphumo solwazi  oisixhobo sesiphumo solwazi sisisixhobo esiyi-peripheral equipment esisetyenziswa ukukhupha iziphumo zolwazi oluphononolongiweyo. Imizekelo yezixhobo ze-output ziquka ii-monitors, ii-printers, nee-speakers, kunye nezixhobo zematshini ye-numerical controlled machine.
Inkululeko
Intsingiselo yegama elithi inkululeko ixhomekeke kuloo nto kuthethwa ngayo ngelo xesha. Imizekelo yemibandela ekusetyenziswa kuyo igama elithi 'inkululeko' nantsi:
Imali
Imali iphepha elincinane elisetyenziwa ngabantu xabethenga Izinto abazifunayo sine ndithi zemali ima
Iliwa ISpinazzola
iliwa iSpinazzola liliwa lase-Italiya kwiziqithi zaseAeolian eSicily. Ngokulawulwayo yeyaLipari, kwiphondo laseMessina. inkulu 0.0055 km2
Ubuhlobo
Ubuhlobo kukubanobudlelwane obuhle, ombiza ngokuba ngumhlobo. Abantu aba kobu budlelwane bahloniphane bathandane. Ubuhlobo bahlukile kobo bantu abathandanayo; abahlobo bokwenene asibahlobo bathandanayo
Umhlobo ngumntu amthandayo umntu amaziyo. Abantu abangabahlobo bayathetha bazinike ixesha lokuba kunye. Bayancedana xa omnye esengxakini okanye elimele. Abahlobo ngabantu ekunokuthenjelwa kubo. Ngamanye amaxesha abantu ababaxeleli nditsho nabazali babo iimfihlo zabo, kodwa baxelela abahlobo babo. Abahlobo bahla ngothanda izinto ezifanayo. Umhlobo ngumntu oye athande ubuchule bomnye umntu aze amncede okanye amkhuthazeukuze akwazi ukukhetha ngobulumko.
Rio de Janeiro
Rio de Janeiro, iDolophu eBrazil (Brasil).
Benoni, Gauteng
Benoni idolophu kwiPhondo yaRhawuti laseMzantsi Afrika.
Brakpan
Brakpan idolophu kwiPhondo yaRhawuti laseMzantsi Afrika.
Iimpawu zokudibanisa nokuthabatha
Iimpawu zokudibanisa (+) kunye no kuthabatha(−) ziimpawu zakwamathematika ezisetyenziselwa ukubonisa ukuba-positive nokuba-negative kwakunye nokwenzekayo xa kudityaniswa naxa kuthatyathwa. Umsebenzi wazo ezimpawu wandiselwe nakwezinye iintsingiselo ezininzi, ezifanayo nezibufana. Uphawu lokukudibanisa ngesiNgesi kuthiwa ngu- Plus kanti lona olokuthabatha kuthiwa ngu-'''minus. U-Plus no-Minus ke ngamagama antsingiselo yawo iyeyesi-'''Latin athetha "ukongeza" "kuphungula" ngokulandelelana kwawo.
Imbali
Nangona ezi mpawu zibonakala ngokungathi ngoonobumba okanye amanani amaArabhu aseHindu, azi mpawu zakudala-dala. Uphawu lokudibanisa noluyindlela ethile ekubhalwa ngayo ekuthiwa yi-Egyptian hieroglyphic, umzekelo, efana nemilenze emibini ehamba ngomkhondo walapho kwakubhalwe khona lo mbhalo  (ngokwesi-Egyptian ungabhalwa macalana omabini ukusuka ngasekunene  ukuya ngasekhohlo okanye ukusuka ngasekhohlo ukuya ngasekunene), kodwa xa uphawu lubuyela ngasemva lubonisa okokuba luphawu lokuthabatha
Iphepha likaNicole Oresmeukusuka kwiminyaka wenkulungwane ye-14 libonisa omnye wemisebenzi yokuqala ebalulekileyo yephawu i-plus "+".
Ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yeminyaka ye-15 oonobumba u-"P" no "M" babesetyenziswa ngumntu wonke. Iimpawu u-(P onomgca up̄ omele u-più, oko kuthetha ukudibanisa plus, kunye no-M onomgca u-m̄ omele u-meno, oko kuthetha ukuthabatha minus) zavela okokuqala kulwazi-lwe-mathematika ye-Luca Pacioli, iSumma de arithmetica, i-geometria, i-proportioni i-et proportionalità, nombhalo wayo owakhutshwa wapapashwa okokuqala e-Venice ngo-1494. The + is a simplification of the Latin "et" (comparable to the ampersand &). The − may be derived from a tilde written over m when used to indicate subtraction; or it may come from a shorthand version of the letter m itself. In his 1489 treatise Johannes Widmann referred to the symbols − and + as minus and mer (Modern German mehr; "more"): "was − ist, das ist minus, und das + ist das mer".
Incwadi epapashwe nguHenricus Grammateus ngo-1518 yazithatha ezi mpawu yazisebenzisela olunye uhlobo lomsebenzi wokuqala wokudibanisa + nokuthabatha −.
Robert Recorde, the designer of the equals sign, introduced plus and minus to Britain in 1557 in The Whetstone of Witte: "There be other 2 signes in often use of which the first is made thus + and betokeneth more: the other is thus made – and betokeneth lesse."
ISpain
ISpain lelinye lamazwe aseYurophu. Ikomkhulu: Madrid.
Warszawa
Warszawa — iDolophu, ikomkhulu ePoland.
Centurion, Gauteng
Centurion, Gauteng idolophu kwiPhondo yaRhawuti laseMzantsi Afrika.
IFoggia
IFoggia sisixeko esiseItali, kwingingqi yePuglia, nakwiphondo elibizwa ngegama elinye.
ezinye izixeko
IMilan
Ukwenda
Umntu owendayo yintombi. Luxanduva olungummangaliso ukwenda kwe ntombi.