cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Atɛntenee
Ɔsoro ahyɛde
Wɔn a wɔkamfo ɔsoro ahyɛde nkyerɛkyerɛ kyerɛ no ka sɛ atɛntrenee, ne nokwarem no abrabɔ pa nyinaa, yɛ Onyankopɔn ahyɛde a ɛwɔ tumi. Sɛ nhwɛso no, awudi yɛ mfomso na ɛsɛ sɛ wɔtwe n’aso, efisɛ Onyankopɔn ka saa. Nsusuwii no nkyerɛase ahorow bi si so dua sɛ ɛsɛ sɛ wotie Onyankopɔn esiane sɛnea ɔne adesamma abusuabɔ te nti, afoforo nso ka sɛ ɛsɛ sɛ wotie Onyankopɔn efisɛ ɔyɛ papayɛ ankasa, na ɛnam so yɛ nea ɔka sɛ ɛbɛyɛ papa ama obiara.
Yebetumi ahu Ɔsoro ahyɛde nkyerɛkyerɛ a Plato de mae no ho adwennwen wɔ ne nkɔmmɔbɔ, Euthyphro mu. Wɔfrɛ no Euthyphro dilemma, na ɛkɔ so sɛnea edidi so yi: "So nea ɛyɛ abrabɔ pa no yɛ nea Onyankopɔn ahyɛ esiane sɛ ɛyɛ abrabɔ pa nti, anaasɛ ɛyɛ abrabɔ pa esiane sɛ Onyankopɔn na ɔhyɛ nti?" Nea ɛkyerɛ ne sɛ, sɛ nea etwa to no yɛ nokware a, ɛnde atɛntrenee boro owu ntease so; sɛ kan no yɛ nokware a, ɛnde abrabɔ pa wɔ hɔ a ɛde ne ho fi Onyankopɔn ho, na enti ɛhyɛ nnipa a wowuwu atemmu ase. Mmuae bi, a Immanuel Kant ne C. S. Lewis gyee din wɔ nsɛm abien mu ne sɛ ɛyɛ nea ɛfata wɔ deductively mu sɛ yɛbɛka sɛ abrabɔ pa a ɛwɔ botae bi a ɛwɔ hɔ no kyerɛ sɛ Onyankopɔn wɔ hɔ na nea ɛne no bɔ abira
Nkabom
Atɛntrenee yɛ abusuabɔ a ɛfata a ɛne ne ho hyia a ɛda onipa anaa kurow no afa horow a ɛreko no ntam. Enti, atɛntrenee ho nkyerɛkyerɛmu a Plato de ma ne sɛ atɛntrenee yɛ nea obi ankasa nya na ɔyɛ. Onipa a ɔteɛ yɛ onipa a ɔwɔ beae a ɛfata pɛpɛɛpɛ, ɔyɛ nea obetumi biara na ɔde nea wanya no yɛ pɛ pɛpɛɛpɛ ma. Eyi fa ankorankoro gyinabea ne amansan nyinaa gyinabea nyinaa ho. Obi kra wɔ afa abiɛsa – ntease, honhom ne akɔnnɔ. Saa ara nso na kurow bi wɔ afa abiɛsa – Socrates de teaseɛnam ho bɛ no kyerɛkyerɛ n’asɛm no mu: teaseɛnam yɛ adwuma sɛ ne nyinaa efisɛ apɔnkɔ abien no tumi no, teaseɛnamkafo no na ɔkyerɛ kwan. Ɛsɛ sɛ wɔn a wɔdɔ nyansa – nyansapɛfo, wɔ asɛmfua no ntease biako mu – di tumi efisɛ wɔn nkutoo na wɔte nea eye ase. Sɛ obi yare a, ɔkɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn sen sɛ ɔbɛkɔ okuafo nkyɛn, efisɛ oduruyɛfo no nim akwahosan ho asɛm. Saa ara nso na ɛsɛ sɛ obi de ne ho to ne kurow so ma obi a onim papa no ho ɔbenfo, na ɛnyɛ ɔmanyɛfo ara kwa a ɔbɔ mmɔden sɛ obenya tumi denam nea nkurɔfo pɛ a ɔde bɛma no so, sen sɛ ɔde nea eye ma wɔn bɛma wɔn. Socrates de hyɛn no ho mfatoho no di dwuma de kyerɛkyerɛ saa asɛm yi mu: kurow a ɛnteɛ no te sɛ hyɛn a ɛwɔ po a ɛda hɔ mu, a hyɛn mu panyin bi a ɔwɔ tumi nanso wabow nsa (nnipa mpapahwekwa), afotufo kuw bi a wontumi mfa wɔn ho nto wɔn so a wɔbɔ mmɔden sɛ wɔbɛdannan hyɛn no mu panyin no ma ɔde ama tumi wɔ hyɛn no kwan so (amammuifo), ne ɔkwankyerɛfo (nyansapɛfo) a ɔno nkutoo na onim sɛnea wɔde hyɛn no bɛkɔ hyɛn gyinabea. Wɔ Socrates fam no, ɔkwan biako pɛ a hyɛn no bɛfa so adu baabi a ɛrekɔ no – papa no – ne sɛ hyɛn no kwankyerɛfo no bɛfa so.[2]
Nsusuwii ahorow a ɛfa atɛntrenee a wɔde tua ka ho
Nsusuwii ahorow a ɛfa atɛntrenee a wɔde tua ka ho no fa asotwe a wɔde ma wɔ bɔne a wɔayɛ ho, na ɛsɛ sɛ wobua nsɛmmisa abiɛsa:
dɛn nti na ɛsɛ sɛ wɔtwe aso?
henanom na ɛsɛ sɛ wɔtwe wɔn aso?
asotwe bɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ wonya?
Saa ɔfa yi susuw atɛntrenee a wɔde tua ka ho kyerɛwtohɔ atitiriw abien no ho, ne wɔn mmuae a wɔde ma wɔ nsɛmmisa yi ho. Mfaso ho nsusuwii ahorow hwɛ nea ebefi asotwe mu aba daakye kwan, bere a nsusuwii ahorow a wɔde tua so ka no hwɛ nneyɛe pɔtee bi a wɔyɛ no akyi, na wɔbɔ mmɔden sɛ wɔbɛma asotwe a ɛfata akari pɛ.
Mfaso ho adwene
Sɛnea mfaso ho nimdefo no kyerɛ no, atɛntrenee hwehwɛ sɛ wɔde yiyedi a ɛwɔ hɔ nyinaa anaa nea wɔkyekyem pɛpɛɛpɛ no yɛ kɛse wɔ ankorankoro a ɛfa ho nyinaa mu. Asotwe ko tia nsɛmmɔnedi wɔ akwan abiɛsa so:
Nneɛma a wɔde siw ano. Ebia asotwe ho ahunahuna a wotumi gye di no bɛma nkurɔfo apaw nneɛma ahorow; ahunahuna a wɔayɛ no yiye betumi ama nkurɔfo apaw nneɛma a ɛbɛma wɔanya yiyedi kɛse. Eyi ne nsusuwii ahorow bi a emu yɛ den a ɛfa asotwe a ɛfata ho no hyia: sɛ mpɛn pii no ɛsɛ sɛ ɛne nsɛmmɔnedi no hyia.
Nneɛma a wɔde siesie wɔn ho. Ebia asotwe bɛma "nnipa bɔne" ayɛ wɔn a "wɔyɛ papa". Wɔ utilitarian no fam no, nea "onipa bɔne" betumi akyerɛ ara ne "onipa a ɛda adi sɛ ɔde nneɛma a wɔmpɛ (te sɛ amanehunu)" bɛba". Enti, mfaso ho adwene betumi akamfo asotwe a ɛsakra obi ma enti ɛnyɛ den koraa sɛ ɛde nneɛma bɔne bɛba no akyerɛ.
Ahobammɔ/Ahoɔden a wontumi nyɛ ho hwee. Ebia nnipa bi wɔ hɔ a wɔde nneɛma bɔne ba a wontumi nnye wɔn. Sɛ ɛte saa a, ebia wɔn a wɔde wɔn bɛto afiase no bɛma yiyedi ayɛ kɛse denam hokwan ahorow a wobenya de apira wɔn a wɔbɛto ano hye so na enti mfaso no wɔ ɔmanfo a wɔbɛbɔ wɔn ho ban no mu.
Enti, nea enti a wɔde asotwe ma ne sɛ wɔbɛma yiyedi ayɛ kɛse, na ɛsɛ sɛ asotwe yɛ obiara a ohia, ne ɔkwan ne sɛnea emu yɛ den biara a wohia na ama wadu saa botae no ho. Ɛtɔ mmere bi a eyi betumi ama wɔatwe wɔn a wɔn ho nni asɛm no aso, anaasɛ wɔde asotwe a emu yɛ den a ɛnsɛ bɛba wɔn so, bere a ɛno de nea eye sen biara bɛba wɔ ne nyinaa mu no (ebia sɛ wokum wɔn a wosusuw sɛ wɔyɛ sotɔɔ mu korɔnfo kakraa bi a wɔte ase wɔ television so a, ɛbɛyɛ ade a etu mpɔn a wɔde besiw sotɔɔ mu korɔnbɔ ano, sɛ nhwɛso no). Ɛsan nso kyerɛ sɛ ebia asotwe bɛyɛ nea ɛnteɛ da, a egyina nokwasɛm ahorow a ɛfa nea efi mu ba ankasa ho no so.[17]
Justice Party
Justice Party (JP) yɛ amanyɔkuo a na ɛwɔ Ghana ha a wɔtee se ɛrekasa atia Kofi Abrefa Busia amammuo no wɔ Ghana adehyeman anan no mu firi Afe apem ahenkron aduosia nkron kɔ si afe apem ahenkron aduoson mmienu mu.
Atɛntenee
Nsusuwii ahorow a ɛfa atɛntrenee a wɔde tua ka ho
Atuatua ho ka
Justice Party
Wɔnyaa Justice Party firii amanyɔkuo people's Action Party, United Nationalist Party ne  All People's Republican Party nkabom a wɔyɛɛ no wɔ afe apem ahenkron aduoson mu. Amanyɔkuo yi kandifoɔ ne E. R. T. Madjitey, boaa amanyɔkuo yi wɔ asrafoɔ a wɔtuu upported Ignatius Kutu Acheampong wɔ afe apem ahenkron aduoson mmienu no mu a ɛde Ghana adehyeman mmienu no baa awieɛ.
People's National Party
People's National Party (PNP) yɛ amanyɔkuo a na ɔbu Ghana man wɔ Ghana adehyeman mmiɛnsa no mu firi afe apem ahenkron aduoson nkron de kɔ si afe apem ahenkron aduowɔtwe baako no mun.
Wɔde ɔhyɛ too Amanyɔkuo a na ɛwɔ Ghana ha nyinaa so wɔ Ɔpɛpɔn bosome mu wɔ afe apem ahenkron aduoson mmienu mu bere a asrafoɔ a Col. Ignatius Kutu Acheampong dii wɔn anim  de tuu aban guiɛ no. Bere amanyɔkuo dwumadie hyɛɛ aseɛ bio wɔ afe korɔ no ara mu no, amanyɔkuo nnum na ɛgyinaa sɛ wɔnto wɔn so aba. PNP se wɔn amanyɔkuo no gyina hɔ ma Nkrumah 'heritage'.
Ɛwɔ abatoɔ a wɔtoo no wɔ Ayɛwohomummɔ bosome da ɛtɔ so du- nwɔtwe wɔ afe apem ahenkron aduoson nkron no mu na People's National Party frankaatuni ne Hilla Limann  a Ɔdii nkonim bere a ɔnyaa mma no ɔha mu nkyekyɛ mu aduasa num akyire po mmiɛnsa (35.3% ) ɛna ɔnyaa mmrahyɛbadwa nkonnwa no aduoson baako firii mmrahyɛbadwa nkonnwa ɔha aduanan no mu. Limann nyaa mma no aduosia mmienu wɔ Ayewohomummɔ bosome da ɛtɔ so nkron abatoɔ a wɔsane too no bio no mu bere a Victor Owusu  a na ɔgyina mu ma Popular Front Party (PFP) no dii nkoguo. Ɔbɛtenaa Ghana Ɔmanpanin akondwa no so wɔ Ɛbɔ bosome da ɛtɔ so aduonu nnan afe apem ahenkron aduoson nkron.
United Nationalist Party
United Nationalist Party (UNP) yɛ amanyɔkuo a na ɛwɔ Ghana ha wɔ Ghana Adehyeman mmienu no mu firi afe apem ahenkron aduosia nkron kɔ si afe apem ahenkron aduoson mmienu mu. Ɛwɔ Ɔsaana bosome da ɛtɔ so aduonu nkron mu wɔ afe apem ahenkron aduosia nkron abatoɔ no mu, United Nationalist Party nyaa mmrahyɛbadwafie nkonnwa no mmienu firii mmrahyɛbadwafie nkonnwa Ɔha ne aduanan no mu.
Asensene
Asensene yɛ tebea bi a obi kɔ mu a ɛma nnipadua no moa anaa yɛ ketewa na ɛdwodwo a ɛma nnipadua no wosowoso. Ɛnam sɛ epileptic seizures ka nsensene ho nti, edin nsensene yɛ adeɛ a ɛtɔ da a wɔde ma seizure. Nsensene ne anyinam ahoɔden a ɛma obi bɔpiti sisi so ne improper enriched Air scuba diving. Non-epileptic nsensene ne ɛtwerɛ nni twaka biara, na deɛ ɛdeba yɛ non-epileptic seizure. Nsensene yɛ edin bi kɛkɛ a yɛde ma honam a ɛmoamoa a yɛntumi nsi ano kwan. Wɔde nsensene sesa "seizure" berɛ biara. Seizure bɛtumi ama obi anya nsensene, nanso ɛnyɛ saa na ɛteɛ. Nsensene yɛ seizure su bi a ɛma adwene no nni dwuma yie. Mpempii no wɔnhunu nea ɛde nsensene ba. Yareɛ bɛtumi de nsensene aba, aduro bi ho nsunsuansoɔ anaasɛ tebea a obi kɔ mu sɛ ɔyare a. Ɛtɔ mmerɛ bi a wɔde edin ahoɔden gyina hɔ nsensene anaa epileptic seizure.
Nsɛnkyerɛnne
Sɛ obi wɔ nsensene a, ɔtumi nya nsɛnkyerɛnne ahodoɔ pii. Ebi ne a brief blackout, adwene ntanta, drooling, ɔntumi ngya ne nan, ne honam wosowoso, ɔntumi nhyɛ muscles spasms so, home twa mmerɛ tiawa bi ne nea ɛkeka ho. Yɛwɔ nsɛnkyerɛnne kakra bi a ɛno ba mmerɛ tiawa bi firi pere dekɔ sima, ɛwɔm sɛ ɛbɛtumi akyɛ deɛ. Nsensene a ɛba mmɔfra so ntɛntɛm no wɔ yɔbea no sesa.
Nea ɛde ba
Yɛwɔ tebea pii a ɛbɛtumi ayɛ ne ho sɛ nsensene.
Yɛwɔ nnoɔma kakra bi a ɛbɛtumi ayɛ nea ntira a nsensene ba a ebi ne, epileptic seizure,febrile seizures, non-epileptic seizures, paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia,  ne aduro bi nsunsuansoɔ. Epileptic seizure ahodoɔ pii ɛsan nnipa bɛyɛ ɔpepem aduosia wɔ wiase afanaa nyinaa.
Epileptic seizures.
Ɛtwerɛ yɛ neuronal disorder a ɛwɔ nnoɔma pii a ɛde ba. Ɛyɛ yareɛ bi a ɛntumi nsan obi na ɛtumi toa obi mpofirm. Seizure a ɛtumi toa obi mpofirm no yɛ adeɛ a ɛma adwene no anaa nnipadua no nyinaa sɛe. Epileptic bɛtumi asɛe adwene no akwaa pii. Epileptic seizure bɛtumi anya ɛsu foforɔ. Nsunsuansoɔ a ɛwɔ Epileptic seizure wɔ cerebral blood flow(CBF) no bɛtumi akyɛ.
Paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia
Yɛwɔ ɛkwan a ɛda infantile nsensene ne Paroxysmal dyskinesia mu. Paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia (PKD), nea ɛde ba yɛ sɛ obi ntumi ntu ne nan ɛna ɔbrɛ anaa anigyeɛ bi nti. Twaka a ɛda nsensene ne PKD ntam no yɛ pathophysiology nnoɔma bi.
Ntotoiɛ
Sɛ febrile nsensene ba mmɔfra so a, ɛho bɛba sɛ wɔbɛsa nea ɛde atiridii no baeɛ. Yɛwɔ ayaresa a yɛdikan de ma obi ahoɔden pii, a obi bɛtumi ayɛ de aboa ɔyarefoɔ bi a ɔwɔ nsensene.
Mmabunuberɛ
Mmabunuberɛ (a ɛfiri Latin adolescere mu a ɛkyerɛ sɛ ‘sɛ worenyini’) yɛ nsakraeɛ bi a ɛba nipadua ne adwene mu a ɛtaa ba wɔ berɛ a ɛfiri mmeranteberɛ ne mmabaaberɛ so kosi mpanin mfeɛ so (a mpɛn pii no ɛne mfeɛ a obi adi hyia). Mpɛn pii no, mmeranteberɛ ne mmabaaberɛ bata mmabunberɛ ho, nanso ne honam fam, adwene anaa amammerɛ mu nkyerɛkyerɛmu bɛtumi ahyɛaseɛ ntɛm anaasɛ ɛbɛba awieeɛ akyiri koraa. Mpɛn pii no, mmeranteberɛ ne mmabaaberɛ hyɛaseɛ berɛ a wonnii mfeɛ aduonu,ne titire wɔ mmaa mu. Nipadua mu nyini(titire wɔ mmarima mu) ne adwene mu nkɔsoɔ bɛtumi atrɛ asene mmabunu. Mfeɛ a obi adi ma yɛhunu sɛ obi aduru ne mpanin mfeɛ so, na abemfo nnye nkyerɛaseɛ pɔtee bi ntumi. Nkyerɛmu ahodoɔ bi hyɛaseɛ ntɛm bɛyɛ sɛ du (10) na aba awieeɛ wɔ aduonu num (25) anaa aduonu nsis(26)akyi. Wiase Nyinaa Kuo a ɛhwɛ yɛn Nnuro so ahyehyɛdeɛ no nkyerɛaseɛ no kyerɛ sɛ, ɔbabunu yɛ obi a wadi mfeɛ du (10)kosi du nsia(19).
Nkakraeɛ a ɛkɔ so wɔ Abɔdeɛ Akwaa ho
Adeɛ baako a ɛho wɔ mfasoɔ paa wɔ Mmabunberɛ mu a ɛma nkɔsoɔ paa ahodoɔ no bi fa nsakraeɛ a ɛba ankorankorɛ nipadua tenten ho, wɔn mu duru, wɔn nipadua mu nneɛma, ne mogya a ɛdi afurusane wɔ yɛn mu ne ɔhome a ɛkɔ so wɔ yɛn mu ho.Nsakraeɛ ahodoɔ yi firi nkwaadɔm a ɛma nipadua no yɛ adwuma no so nkɛntɛnsoɔ kɛse. Nkwammoaa di dwuma wɔ nhyehyɛeɛ mu, ɛhyɛ nipadua no ma ɛyɛ n’adeɛ wɔ ɔkwan pɔtee bi so berɛ a babunberɛ ahyɛ aseɛ pɛ no, na ɛdi dwuma a ɛyɛ nnam, a ɛkyerɛ nsakraeɛ a ɛba nkwaadɔm mu wɔ mmeranteberɛ ne mmabaaberɛ mu a ɛkanyan suban ne nipadua mu nsakraeɛ.
Mmabunberɛ nam adeɛ a ne kwan ware yie so na ɛhyɛ aseɛ denam nkwaadɔm a ɛma nipadua no yɛ adwuma a ɛkɔ soro so, na ɛno nso de nipadua mu nsakraeɛ ahodoɔ pii ba. Ɛyɛ asetena mu fa a ɔbarima ne ɔbaa nna su a ɛto so mmienu ɛda adi na ɛkɔ so (nhwɛso ne, nne a emu dɔ ne mene a emu dɔ anaa yɛ duru wɔ mmarimaa mu, ne nufo ne ɛtoɔ a ɛyɛ kurukuruwa na ɛda adi kɛse wɔ mmaa mu) ne nsakraeɛ a emu yɛ den ne atenka a ɛkɔ soro sɛ yɛduru yɛn Mpanimfeɛ so a. Nea ɛma no ba yɛ pituitary gland a ɛma hormone ahodoɔ a ɛkɔ mogya no mu kɔ mogya no mu, na ɛfiri aseɛ yɛ kurukuruwa. Ɛnam so ma ɔbarima ne ɔbaa gonads no yɛ adwuma, na ɛma ɛkɔ tebea a ɛma wɔnyini ntɛmntɛm mu; mprempren gonads a ɛkanyan no no firi aseɛ yɛ nkwaadɔm ahodoɔ pii. Hwoa no titire na ɛma awotwaa no, na nea ɛkura nkosua no titire na ɛma estrogen. Nkwammoaa yi a wɔyɛ no kɔ soro nkakrankakra kosi sɛ wobɛduru nna mu nyini ho. Mmarimaa binom bɛtumi anya mmaa mu yare esiane ɔbarima ne ɔbaa nna mu nkwaadɔm a ɛnkari pɛ, ntini a ɛyɛ adwuma anaa kɛseyɛ mmoroso nti.
Mpɛn pii no, anim nwi a ɛwɔ mmarima mu no pue nnidisoɔ nnidisoɔ pɔtee bi wɔ mmeranteberɛ ne mmabaaberɛ mu: Anim nwi a ɛdi kan a ɛda adi no taa nyini wɔ anofafa a ɛwɔ soro no ntwea so, mpɛn pii no ɛfiri mfeɛ du nnan kɔsi du nson. Afei ɛtrɛ ma ɛyɛ abɔgyesɛ wɔ anofafa a ɛwɔ soro no nyinaa so. Wei akyi no, nwi a ɛda adi wɔ afono no atifi, ne baabi a ɛwɔ anofafa a ɛwɔ fam no ase. Awieeɛ koraa no, nwi no trɛ kɔ anim ne ase hye so, ne anim ase nkae no ma ɛyɛ abɔgyesɛ a ɛyɛ ma.Sɛnea ɛte wɔ nnipa abɔde mu nneɛma dodow no ara ho no, nhyehyɛe pɔtee yi bɛtumi ayɛ soronko wɔ ankorankorɛ binom mu. Anim nwi taa ba wɔ mmeranteberɛ ne mmabaaberɛ awieeɛ, bɛyɛ mfeɛ du nson (17 )ne du nnwɔtwe 18, nanso ebia ɛrempue kɔsi akyiri yi kɛse.Mmarima binom nnya anim nwi a ɛyɛ pɛ mfeɛ 10 wɔ wɔn mmabunberɛ akyi. Anim nwiii kɔ so yɛ mmerɛ, ɛyɛ tuntum kɛse na ɛyɛ den mfe mmienu kɔsi nnam–4 bio wɔ mmeranteberɛ ne mmabaaberɛ akyi.Ade titiri a ɛkyerɛ mmarima mmabunberɛ ne spermarche, ɔbarima ne ɔbaa nna a ɛdii kan, a sɛ wɔkyekyem pɛpɛɛpɛ a, ɛba bere a wɔadi mfe 13.Wɔ mmea fam no, ɛyɛ brayɛ, brayɛ mfiase, a sɛ wɔkyekyem pɛpɛɛpɛ a, ɛba wɔ mfe 12 kosi 13 ntam.Mfeɛ a obi adi wɔ brayɛ mu no nya awosuobso nkɛntɛnsoɔ, nanso abaayewa aduan ne n’asetra kwan nso boa.Ɛmfa ho awosuo mu nkwaadɔm no, ɛsɛ sɛ abaayewaa nya nipadua mu sradeɛ fa bi na ama wanya brayɛ. Ne saa nti, mmayewa a wɔwɔ aduane a srade pii wom na wɔnyɛ apɔ-mu-teɛteɛ fi ase brayɛ ntɛm, sɛ wɔkyekyem pɛpɛɛpɛ a, sene mmayewaa a sradeɛ kakraa bi na ɛwɔ wɔn aduan mu na wɔn dwumadi ahorow no fa apɔw-mu-teɛteɛ a ɛtew srade so (e.g. ballet ne apɔw-mu-teɛteɛ).Ne saa nti, mmaayewaa a a wodi aduane a sradeɛ pii wɔm na wɔnyɛ Mmabaa a wonnya aduan pa nni anaasɛ wɔwɔ aman a wɔhwɛ kwan sɛ mmofra bɛyɛ nipadua mu adwuma wom mu no nso fi ase kɔ brayɛ mu wɔ wɔn mfeɛ a ɛdi akyiri mu.
Nyini a ɛba Ntɛnmtɛm
Sɛ mmaa duru wɔn Mmabunuberɛ berɛ mu a nsesaeɛ a ɛba wɔn mu honam fa mu no, wɔbɛtumi akyekyɛmu akuo mmiɛnsa a ɛsono emu biara. Wɔ ahyɛaseɛ a mpɛn pii no ɛma nnipa nyini ntɛmntɛm no, nufoɔ yɛ kɛseɛ na ne baa ne ne mmɔtoam ho fu nwii. Berɛ a nipadua mu nyini akɔ soro no ɛba bɛyɛ afe baako akyi a ɛne nna mu nyini gyinapɛn a ɛtɔ so mmienu no hyia. Bɛyɛ mfeɛ baako kɔsi baako ne fa wɔ ɔbarima ne ɔbea nna mu su a ɛtɔ so mmienu akyi no, mmaa kɔ gyinapɛn a ɛtɔ so mmiɛnsa a mpɛn pii no nea ɛka ho ne brayɛ mu. Saa berɛ yi deɛ, na wɔanyini ntɛm so na wɔn serɛ atrɛ ayɛ kɛseɛ na ɔsane nso nya sradeɛ nyini yɛ mpanin nso. Bio nso, nufoɔ no nyini wie koraa na nwii a ɛwɔ be baa so ne ne mmɔtoam no (axillary hair) nyinaa bɛyɛ tuntum na atrɛ. Sɛ wɔde toto mmaa ho a, ɛbɛtumi ayɛ ayɛ den sɛ wɔbɛkyerɛ berɛ pɔtee a mmarimaa ho akwaa hyɛ aseɛ nyini.
Wɔ mmarimaa fam no, mpɛn pii no ɛdi bɛyɛ mfeɛ nnum ansa na wɔawie, sɛdeɛ ɛyɛ mfeɛ mmiɛnsa pɛ wɔ mmaa fam no (menarche). Ɛduru saa berɛ yi mu a,  wɔanyini ntɛmntɛm dada na nsakraeɛ a ɛda adi wɔ wɔn nipadua, wɔn serɛ nso atrɛ dada ayɛ sɛ mpanin. Saa berɛ no nufoɔ no nyini wie. Wɔ mmarimaa fam no, wobɛtumi anya agyinapɛn nnan a ɛbata sɛnea nipadua no nyini nyinaa wɔ mmeranteberɛ ne mmabaaberɛ mu no ho. Mpɛn pii no, nsɛnkyerɛnne a ɛdi kan a ɛkyerɛ sɛ mmarimaa nyini ne "ɛbɛyɛ gramoo." Abarimaa a wanyini no mu yɛ duru yɛ kɛse na ɛkame ayɛ sɛ ne ho yɛ kurukuruwa, na sradeɛ a ɛba mmaa mu no ma wɔyɛ frɔmfrɔm. Ebia wei  ba ɛfiri sɛ wɔkanyan estrogen a Leydig nkwammoaa a ɛwɔ awotwaa mu no yɛ ansa na Sertoli nkwammoaa a ɛdɔɔso kɛse no ahyɛaseɛ ayɛ testosterone dodoɔ a ɛho hia. Bɛyɛ sɛ afe baako a hwoa no hyɛ aseɛ yɛ kɛseɛ no, wobɛhunu gyinapɛn a ɛtɔ so mmienu no. Saa berɛ yi mu no, sradeɛ a ɛwɔ honam ani no san kyekyɛ na ne baa ho nwii hyɛ aseɛ fu. Bɛyɛ bosome nnwɔtwe kɔsi dummienu mu no wɔnyinii ahoɔhare so, na gyinapɛn mmiɛnsa atoa so. Saa berɛ yi yɛ berɛ a ne srɛ trɛ yɛ akɛseɛ te sɛ mpanimfoɔ deɛ na nufoɔ no nyini. Sɛ wɔka ne nyinaa bom a, saa nneɛma mmiɛnsa yi kɔwie nkɔso a ɛba ma ankorankorɛ dodoɔ no ara. Saa berɛ yi deɛ, ammɔtoam nwii pue na anim nwii pue wɔ anofafa a ɛwɔ soro nkoaa so. Nnipadua no nyini ntɛmntɛm, na sradeɛ a ɛwɔ honam ani a ɛma no nyini no so te. Nwii a ɛba yɛnsa so fu pii na mmom ɛmfu mma yɛn srɛ ho. Ɔbarima no barima  ne ne hwoa no bɛyɛ kɛseɛ te sɛ mpanimfoɔ deɛ. Ɛyɛ den sɛ wobɛhunu gyinapɛn a ɛtɔ nnum a wɔde ma mmarimaa, a ɛba baabiara firi bosome du num kɔsi aduonu nan wɔ gyinapɛn a ɛtɔ so mmiɛnsa akyi no. Saa berɛ yi deɛ, tenten a ɔyɛ no pem. Nwii ba n'afono ho ne anofafa a ɛwɔ soro, mpanin su ne ho nnoɔma ne ahosuo a ɛwɔ wobaa so ne mmɔtoam nwii, ne nnipadua no nyini yie.
Nneɛma a atwa yɛn ho ahyia ho banbɔ (Environmental protection)
Nneɛma a atwa yɛn ho ahyia ho banbɔ yɛ adeyɛ a ankorankoro, akuw ne aban ahorow yɛ de bɔ abɔde mu nneɛma a atwa yɛn ho ahyia ho ban. Ne botae ahorow ne sɛ ɛbɛkora abɔde mu nneɛma ne abɔde mu nneɛma a atwa yɛn ho ahyia a ɛwɔ hɔ dedaw no so na baabi a ɛbɛyɛ yiye no, asiesie nneɛma a asɛe na wɔadan nneɛma a ɛrekɔ so no.
Esiane nhyɛso a ɛwɔ nneɛma a wɔde di dwuma boro so, nnipa dodow a ɛredɔɔso ne mfiridwuma mu nti, nneɛma a atwa yɛn ho ahyia a ɛwɔ abɔde mu no resɛe, ɛtɔ mmere bi a, ma asɛe no, woyɛ no hwee a ɛrenyɛ yie. Wɔahu eyi, na nniso ahorow afi ase de anohyeto ahorow reto dwumadi ahorow a ɛde nneɛma a atwa yɛn ho ahyia sɛe ba no so. Efi 1960 mfe no mu reba no, nneɛma a atwa yɛn ho ahyia ho akuw ama nkurɔfo ahu nneɛma a atwa yɛn ho ahyia ho haw ahorow pii. Wɔn mu pii adwene nhyia wɔ baabia a nnipa dwumadi aka nneɛma a atwa yɛn ho ahyia no ho akosi, enti ɛtɔ mmere bi a wogye ahobammɔ ho akyinnye.
Nneɛma a atwa yɛn ho ahyia ho apam ahorow a wofi wɔn pɛ mu yɛ
Wɔ aman a wɔyɛ mfiridwuma mu no, nneɛma a atwa yɛn ho ahyia ho apam ahorow a wofi wɔn pɛ mu yɛ no taa ma wonya kwan ma wogye nnwumakuw tom sɛ wɔakɔ akyiri asen mmara a ɛba fam koraa no na wɔnam saayɛ so aboa nneɛma a atwa yɛn ho ahyia ho nneyɛe a eye sen biara a wɔbɛyɛ. Sɛ nhwɛso no, wɔ India no, Nneɛma a Atwa Yɛn Ho Ahyia Nkɔso Ahotoso (Environment Improvement Trust (EIT)) ayɛ adwuma de abɔ nneɛma a atwa yɛn ho ahyia ne kwae ho ban fi afe 1998. Wɔ aman a afei na wɔrenya nkɔso te sɛ Latin Amerika mu no, wɔtaa de saa apam ahorow yi di dwuma de siesie mmara a wɔhyɛ sɛ wɔmfa nni dwuma kɛse no.
Abɔdeɛ a nkwa wom ho nhyehyɛeɛ kwan a wɔfa so yɛ adwuma
Abɔdeɛ a nkwa wom ho nhyehyɛeɛ kwan a wɔfa so di nneɛma ho dwuma ne nneɛma a atwa yɛn ho ahyia ho banbɔ botaeɛ ne sɛ wɔbɛsusu abusuabɔ a ɛyɛ den a ɛda abɔdeɛ a nkwa wom nyinaa ntam wɔ gyinaesie mu sene sɛ wɔbɛdi nsɛm ne nsɛnnennen pɔtee bi ho dwuma kɛkɛ. Sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ yiye no, gyinaesi nhyehyɛe ahorow a ɛwɔ ɔkwan a ɛte saa ase no bɛyɛ ɔkwan a wɔfa so yɛ nhyehyɛe ne gyinaesi a wɔbom yɛ a ɛfa nnipa ahorow pii a wɔde wɔn ho hyɛ mu wɔ aban dwumadibea ahorow a ɛfa ho nyinaa mu, ne nnwuma ananmusifo, nneɛma a atwa yɛn ho ahyia akuw, ne mpɔtam hɔfo nso. Saa kwan yi boa ma wɔsesa nsɛm yie, hu akwan a wɔbɛfa so asiesie ntawntawdi ne ɔmantam no mu nneɛma a wɔkora so a wɔbɛma atu mpɔn. Nyamesom ahorow nso di dwuma titiriw wɔ nneɛma a atwa yɛn ho ahyia a wɔbɛkora so no mu.
Amanaman ntam nneɛma a atwa yɛn ho ahyia ho apam ahorow
Asase so nneɛma pii yɛ nea ɛyɛ mmerɛw efisɛ nnipa nkɛntɛnso wɔ aman ahorow so nya so nkɛntɛnso. Esiane eyi nti, aman bɔ mmɔden pii sɛ wɔbɛyɛ apam ahorow a aban ahorow pii de wɔn nsa ahyɛ ase de asiw ɔsɛe ano anaasɛ wɔadi nkɛntɛnso a nnipa dwumadi nya wɔ abɔde mu nneɛma so no ho dwuma.
Awofoɔ
Ɔwofo yɛ obi a ɔhwɛ mma a wɔwɔ wɔn ankasa su mu. Wɔ nnipa mu no, ɔwofo ne abofra hwɛfo (baabi a "abofra" kyerɛ asefo, ɛnyɛ mfe a wadi ankasa). Ɔwofo a ɔwoo no ankasa yɛ obi a ne gamete no maa abofra, ɔbarima nam mmadwoa so, na ɔbea faa mmadwoa mu bae. Awofo a wɔwoo wɔn no yɛ abusuafo a wodi kan na wɔwɔ 50% awosu mu hyia. Ɔbea nso betumi afa awo ananmu abɛyɛ ɔwofo. Ebia awofo binom yɛ awofo a wogye wɔn mma, a wɔtete wɔn mma na wɔtete wɔn, nanso wɔne abofra no nni abusuabɔ wɔ awosu mu. Nnyisaa a wonni awofo a wɔfa wɔn sɛ wɔn mma no, wɔn nananom anaa abusua no mufo afoforo betumi atete wɔn.
Ɛnyɛ mmara sɛ awofo bɛtɔn wɔn mma, de anya mfaso anaasɛ wɔrennya mfaso, anaasɛ wɔbɛtɔn wɔn a wɔmpɛ.
Wobetumi nso akyerɛkyerɛ ɔwofo bi mu kɔ akyiri sɛnea nana bi yii awo ntoatoaso biako fii hɔ no. Esiane nnansa yi aduruyɛ mu nkɔso nti, wobetumi anya awofo bɛboro baanu a wɔwoo wɔn.[1][2][3] Nhwɛso ahorow a ɛfa awofo a wɔwoo wɔn a wɔto so abiɛsa ho no bi ne nsɛm a ɛfa awo a wɔde wɔn si ananmu anaa onipa a ɔto so abiɛsa a ɔde DNA nhwɛsode ahorow ama wɔ awo ho nhyehyɛe a wɔboa ma ɛsakraa wɔn a wɔde ma no no awosu mu nneɛma ho.[4]
Awofo ahorow a wɔtaa nya ne ɛnanom, agyanom, mpenanom, ne nananom. Ɛna ne, "ɔbea a ɛfa abofra anaa mmofra a wawo wɔn ho."[5] Nanso, baabi a ɛyɛ nea ɛfata wɔ asetra mu sɛ ɔwofo de ne ho bɛhyɛ wɔn mma asetra mu no gu ahorow wɔ amammerɛ biara mu ɛtɔ mmere bi a wɔka sɛ nea ɛda ne ho mu kakraa bi adi no da mmofra anibiannaso adi,[6] bere a ɛtɔ mmere bi a wɔka sɛ nea ɛde ne ho hyɛ mu dodo no bɔ ne ho ban dodo, ɛyɛ cosseting, ɛyɛ hwene, anaasɛ ɛde ne ho hyɛ mu.[7]
Ahorow ahorow
Abɔde a nkwa wom
Maame
Ɛna yɛ ɔbea a ɔne ankorankoro foforo wɔ ɛna abusuabɔ, sɛ́ ɛyɛ nea efi nyinsɛn mu, denam awo a ɔwo, anaasɛ ɔtetee onipa no wɔ ɔwofo dwumadi mu.[8] Ebia mmea bɛboro biako ne ankorankoro bi benya abusuabɔ a ɛte saa. Esiane sɛ ɛna asetra, amammerɛ, ne nyamesom mu nkyerɛkyerɛmu ne ne dwumadi ahorow yɛ den na ɛsono emu biara nti, ɛyɛ den sɛ wɔbɛkyerɛkyerɛ ɛna mu ma ɛne nkyerɛase a wogye tom wɔ amansan nyinaa mu no ahyia. Ɛna a wɔde si ananmu a wɔde di dwuma no betumi ama wɔakyerɛkyerɛ mu sɛ ɛnanom baanu a wɔwoo wɔn wɔ hɔ.[9]
Agya
agya yɛ ɔwofo barima a ɔwɔ asefo biara.[10] Ebetumi ayɛ onipa a ɔde ne ho hyɛ abofra ntetee mu anaasɛ ɔde abɔde mu nneɛma, mmadwoa, a ɛma abofra no wo ba no ama.
Nanabea
Nananom yɛ obi ankasa awofo awofo, sɛ́ ɛyɛ agya anaa ɛna no. Abɔde biara a ɔwo wɔ nna mu a ɔnyɛ awosu mu chimera no wɔ awosu mu nananom anan, awosu mu nananom awotwe, awosu mu nananom dunum ne nea ɛkeka ho. Ɛntaa mma, te sɛ nea ɛfa anuanom anaa anuanom fa a wɔne wɔn ho da ho no, dodow yi sua.
Agyayɛ ho nsɛm
Asɛm titiriw: DNA a wɔyɛ agyayɛ ho nhwehwɛmu
Wɔyɛ agyayɛ ho sɔhwɛ de kyerɛ sɛ ɔyɛ agyayɛ, kyerɛ sɛ, sɛ ebia ɔbarima bi ne onipa foforo agya a ɔwoo no anaa. Ebia eyi fata esiane hokwan ne nnwuma a agya no wɔ nti. Saa ara nso na wobetumi ayɛ awo ho nhwehwɛmu. Eyi ntaa mma, efisɛ anyɛ yiye koraa no, wɔ awo ne nyinsɛn mu, gye sɛ nyinsɛn a ɛfa nkwaboaa a wɔde kɔ baabi foforo anaasɛ wɔde nkesua ma ho no, ɛda adi sɛ onii ko a ɛna no yɛ. Nanso, wɔde di dwuma wɔ nsɛm dodow bi te sɛ mmara mu akodi a wɔkasa tia obi awo ho asɛm, baabi a ɛna no ntumi nsi pi esiane sɛ onhuu ne ba bere tenten nti, anaasɛ ɛho hia sɛ wohu nnipa a wɔawuwu no.
Ɛwom sɛ ɛnyɛ adanse a wotumi de ho to so koraa de, nanso awo mu su ahorow pii te sɛ aso a ɛbata ho, okunafo no anim a ɛpaapae, anaasɛ ne hwene a ɛpaapae no betumi ayɛ awofoyɛ (a ɛnyɛ) ho sɛnkyerɛnne a wɔahyɛ da ayɛ efisɛ wotumi hu no ntɛm ara na wonya denam awosu mu nkwaadɔm a ɛwɔ autosomal so no so.
Dwumadie ne asɛdeɛ
Mmara kwan so ɔhwɛfoɔ yɛ obi a ɔwɔ mmara kwan so tumi (ne asɛdeɛ a ɛne no hyia) sɛ ɔhwɛ onipa foforɔ ankasa ne n’agyapadeɛ yiedie so, a wɔfrɛ no ward. Wɔtaa de ahwɛfo di dwuma wɔ tebea horow abiɛsa mu: ɔhwɛ a wɔde ma ɔpanyin a ontumi nyɛ hwee (esiane onyin anaa mmerɛwyɛ nti), ɔhwɛ a wɔde ma abofra ketewaa bi, ne ɔhwɛ a wɔde ma mpanyimfo a wɔadi dɛm wɔ nkɔso mu.
Aman ne aman dodow no ara wɔ mmara a ɛkyerɛ sɛ abofra kumaa awofo ne mmara kwan so ahwɛfo a wɔhwɛ saa abofra no so, na awofo no betumi akyerɛ wɔn a wɔbɛyɛ abofra no mmara kwan so hwɛfo sɛ owu a, sɛ asɛnnibea no pene so. Atemmu ahorow bi ma ɔwofo a ɔwɔ abofra bi kwan ma ɔde tumi a mmara kwan so hwɛfo wɔ no di dwuma a wɔmfa asɛnnibea nhyɛ mmara ase. Wɔ tebea horow a ɛtete saa mu no, wɔfrɛ ɔwofo a ɔyɛ ade wɔ saa dibea no mu no sɛ saa ɔwofo no ba no awosu mu hwɛfo.
Awofoyɛ
Asɛm titiriw: Awofoyɛ
Ɔwofoyɛ anaa abofra ntetee yɛ adeyɛ a ɛma abofra nipadua, nkate, asetra, sikasɛm, ne adwene mu nkɔso fi ne mmofraase kosi ne mpanyin afe so no nya nkɔso na ɛboa. Ɔwofoyɛ kyerɛ afa horow a ɛfa abofra a wɔtete no ho a wɔde awosu mu abusuabɔ no to nkyɛn.[11]
Ɔbarima ne ɔbea nna ne ɔbarima ne ɔbea nna afrafra
Anyɛ yiye koraa no, abofra wɔ agya biako a ɔwoo no ne anyɛ yiye koraa no ɛna biako a ɔwoo no, nanso ɛnyɛ abusua biara na ɛyɛ atetesɛm mu nuklea abusua. Nneɛma pii wɔ hɔ a ɛsono emu biara, te sɛ mmofra a wɔfa wɔn sɛ wɔn mma, awofo a wɔkyɛ, mmusua a wɔyɛ mpena, ne LGBT awofo, a akyinnyegye aba ho.
Asetra mu nyansahu nhoma ahorow no pow adwene a ɛne sɛ awofo a wɔyɛ mmarima ne mmea a wɔde wɔn ho afra a eye sen biara wɔ hɔ anaasɛ mmofra ne mmabun a wɔwɔ awofo a wɔne wɔn bɔbeasu koro no nya nkɔso mu ɔhaw biara bere a wɔde toto wɔn a wɔwɔ awofo baanu a wɔne wɔn bɔbeasu bɔbeasu ho no. Mprempren adwumayɛfo ne fekuw akɛse no gye tom sɛ adwene a wɔagye atom yiye na wogye tom wɔ adwuma no mu sɛ awofo a wɔde wɔn ho bɛka abom a eye sen biara nni hɔ.[14] Abusua adesua nhoma ahorow no kyerɛ sɛ ɛyɛ abusua nhyehyɛe ahorow (te sɛ awofoyɛ ne abusuabɔ pa a ɛwɔ abusua no mu) na ɛboa ma wohu mmofra yiyedi ne "nea ebefi mu aba," sen abusua nhyehyɛe ahorow, ankasa, te sɛ dodow, ɔbarima ne ɔbea nna, nna ne awofo a wɔbom tra tebea.[13]
Wiase afanaa nyinaa mu nnipa dodoɔ
Nnipa nyinaa dodoɔ ɛhunu ɛyini ntoatoasoɔ wɔ Ɛkɔm Kɛseɛ a ɛbaeɛ wɔ afe apem ahasa ne dunum kɔ si afe apem ahasa ne dunson (1315-1317) akyi ne Owuo Tuntum (Black Death) wɔ 1350 mu, berɛ a na ɛbɛn ɔpepem ahasa ne aduoson (370,000,000) no. Wiase afanaa nyinaa dodoɔ yini wɔ ɔha nkyemu no, kɔɔ n'anim bɛboro ɔha nkyemu baaka ne akyirepɔ nwɔtwe (1.8%) afe biara, esii wɔ afe apem ahankron ne aduonum num (1955) ne afe apem ahankron ne aduoson num (1975) ntam, ɛrekɔ soro abɛn ɔha nkyemu mmienu ne akyirepɔ baako(2.1%) wɔ afe apem ahankron ne aduosia num (1965) ne afe apem ahankron ne aduoson (1970) ntam. Eyini ne nkɔsoa wɔ ɔha nkyemu mu no te baa fam ɔha nkyemu baako ne akyirepɔ baako (1.1%) wɔ mfeɛ mpem mmienu ne dunum (2015) ne mfeɛ mpem aduonu ne aduonu (2020) ntam na wɔrehwɛ anim sɛ ɛbɛsan ate aba fam wɔ sɛntiri a ɛtɔ so aduonu-baako no mu (21St century).
Amansan nyinaa awoɔ seesei yɛ (2015-2020) ɔpepepem ɔha ne aduanan (140 million )/afe, a wɔsusu sɛ ɛbɛkɔ n'anim wɔ 2040 -2045 wɔ ɔpepepem ɔha ne aduanan- baako(141 millon) anaa afe na asane aba fam nkarankara ɔpepepem ɔha ne aduonu-nsia (126million) anaa afe wɔ 2100 mu. Nnipa dodoɔ a wawu seesei yɛ ɔpepepem aduonum nson (57 million ) anaa afe na wɔsusu ɛbakɔ n'anim steadily ɔpepepem ɔha ne aduonu-baako(121million) anaa afe wɔ 2100.
Wɔ mfeɛ mpem aduonu ne aduonu mu (2020) no nnipa mfeɛ mfinimfin deɛ yɛ mfeɛ aduasa-baako (31years).
Abakɔsɛm
Wiase afanaa nyinaa nnipa dodoɔ kan ho nsusuiɛ hyɛɛ aseɛ wɔ 17th Century: William Petty, wɔ afe apem ahansia ne aduowɔtwe-mmienu bɔɔ ne tirim kaa sɛ awaise afanaa nyinaa nnipa dodoɔ yɛ ɔpepepem ahasa ne aduonu (320,000,000). Ɛyɛ den sɛ obi bɛhyɛda abɔ ne tirim aka a ɛbɛyɛ papa kyɛn nkontaabuo biara ara kɛkɛ.
Sɛ yɛde yɛn ani rebubu nnipa dodoɔ a ɛwɔ wiase wɔ mmerɛ kuayɔ baae no bɛyɛ 10,000BC no ɛda ɔpepepem baako (1,000,000) ne ɔpepepem dunum (15,000,000) ntam. Mpo ahyɛase no, nnipa mogya mu nhwehwɛmu kyerɛ sɛ nnipa bɛtumi afa nnipa dodoɔ kwan korɔ mu wɔ nnipa bɛyɛ 1,000 ne 10,000 wɔ 70,000 BC mu.
Amansan nyinaa mu nnipa dodoɔ ne nsesaeɛ
kɔpem mfeɛ mpem aduonu ne dummienu (2012) mu no, amansan ntonkabuo fa mmaa ne mmarima dodoɔ kyɛ ho no na ɛyɛ bɛyɛ mmarima 1.01 ma ɔbaa baako. Ɛyɛ bɛyɛ ɔha nkyemu aduonu nsia ne akyirepɔ mmiɛnsa (26.3%) wɔ amansan nyinaa nnipa dodoɔ a wɔn mfeɛ no bɛhyɛ mfeɛ dunum (15) ase, na mfeɛ dunum kɔ si aduosia nan (15-64) no yɛ ɔha nkyemu aduosia num ne akyirepɔ nkron (65.9%) ne wɔn a wɔwɔ mfeɛ aduosia-num ne akyire no yɛ ɔha nkyemu nson ne akyirepɔ nkron (7.9%). Wiase nyinaa nnipa dodoɔ mfeɛ a wɔkyekyɛm ekuokuo no, mfinimfin deɛ yɛ mfeɛ aduasa-baako (31) wɔ mfeɛ mpem aduonu ne aduonu (2020) mu, na wɔrehwɛ anim sɛ ɛbɛkɔ anim ayɛ mfeɛ 37.9 wɔ mfeɛ mpem aduonu ne aduonum (2050) mu.
sɛnea Wiase Nyinaa Akwahosan Ahyehyɛde kyerɛ no, sɛ wɔkyekyem pɛpɛɛpɛ a, wiase nyinaa nkwa nna yɛ mfeɛ 73.3 de besi mfeɛ mpem aduonu ne aduonu (2020), na sɛ wɔkyekyem pɛpɛɛpɛ a, mmaa mfeɛ yɛ 75.9 na mmarima nso mfeɛ yɛ bɛyɛ mfeɛ 70.8. Wɔ afe 2010 mu no, wɔbuu akontaa sɛ wiase nyinaa awoɔ dodoɔ yɛ mmɔfra 2.44 wɔ ɔbaa biara mu. Wɔ Ayɛwohomumu bosome wɔ mfeɛ mpem aduonu ne dummienu (2012)mu no, Britania nhwehwɛmufoɔ buu akontaa sɛ asase so nnipa dodoɔ nyinaa mu duru bɛyɛ tɔn ɔpepem 287 (nkaribo ɔpepepem 630), na sɛ wɔkyekyɛ mu a, onipa biara mu duru bɛyɛ kilogram 62 (137 lb).
Han Chinafoɔ yɛ wiase abusuakuo baako a ɛso sen biara, na wɔyɛ wiase nnipa dodoɔ bɛboro 19% wɔ afe 2011 mu. Kasa a wɔka no kɛse wɔ wiase ne Borɔfo (1.132B), Mandarin China (1.117B), Hindi (615M), Spania (534M) ne Franse (280M).
nyamesom akuo akɛse a ɛwɔ wiase de besi mfeɛ mpem aduonu ne aduonu (2020) mu no, wɔabu akontaa sɛnea edidi so yi: Kristosom (31%), Nkramosom(25%), Wɔn a Wɔnka Ho (16%) ne Hindusom (15%).
Wiase mu nnipa dodoɔ wɔ aman mu
Asase nsasepɔn nson no mu asia yɛ nea nnipa te hɔ daa wɔ ɔkwan kɛse so. Asia yɛ asasepɔn a nnipa dɔɔso sene biara, na emu nnipa ɔpepepem 4.64 na wɔyɛ wiase nnipa dodow 60%. Aman mmienu a nnipa dɔɔso wɔ mu wɔ wiase ne, China ne India, sɛ wɔka bom a, ɛyɛ wiase nnipa dodoɔ bɛyɛ 36%. Abibiman yɛ asasepɔn a ɛto so mmienu a nnipa dɔɔso sene biara, na nnipa bɛyɛ ɔpepepem 1.34, anaa wiase nnipa dodoɔ 17%. Europe nnipa ɔpepem ahanson ne aduanan nson (747) na wɔyɛ wiase nnipa dodoɔ 10% wɔ mfeɛ 2020 mu, berɛ a Latin America ne Caribbean mantam no yɛ nnipa bɛyɛ ɔpepem 653 (8%). Amerika Atifi fam, a United States ne Canada titire na wɔwɔ mu no, nnipa bɛyɛ ɔpepem 368 (5%), na Oceania, ɔmantam a nnipa kakraa bi na wɔte mu no, wɔ nnipa bɛyɛ ɔpepem 42 (0.5%). Antarctica nkutoo na ɛwɔ nnipa kakraa bi pɛ, a wɔsakrasakra a wɔyɛ bɛyɛ 1200 a wogyina po so nyansahu gyinabea ahodoɔ so titire.
'''Wiase afanaa nyinaa nnipa dodoɔ seesie ne neɛ wɔrehwɛ ɛnim. Nnipa dodoɔ no ɛwɔ (ɔpepepem ) mu ɛna ɔha nkyemu wɔ amansan nyinaa wɔ afe a etwam.'''
Ɔman Nhyehyɛeɛ (Nation Building)
Ɔman nkyekyereɛɔfo yɛ ɔman bi a ɛmu nnipa fa aban nhyehyɛeɛ so ma ɔman no mu nnipa nya  nkɔsoɔ, ebi ne asraafoɔ a wɔbɛgye wɔn ne ɔman no nhyehyeɛ a wɔwɔ ma nnipa dodoɔ nimdeeɛ a ɛfa nnwomasua ho. Ɔman nkyekyereɛ bɛtumi ayɛ nsɛmmɔnedi anaa nnwuma atitiriw a wɔde bɛyɛ adwuma de aboa ama asetena mu nkɔsoɔ ne sikasɛm nso akɔ n'anim. Sɛnea Columbia Sukuupɔn mu asetena ho ɔbenfo Andreas Wimmer kyerɛ no, nneɛma mmiɛnsa na ɛtaa kyerɛ sɛnea ɔman nkyekyereɛ no bɛdi nkonim wɔ berɛ tenten mu: "ɔmanfoɔ ahyehyɛdeɛ ahoroɔ a ɛba ntɛm, ɔman a ɛtumi de ɔmanfoɔ nneɛma kɔ aman foforɔ so ma pɛpɛɛyɛ ba, ne kwan a wɔfa so di nkitahodie ma nkabɔm ba."
Grease
Grease yɛ 1978 Amerika nnwom ɔdɔ ho aseresɛm sini a Randal Kleiser kyerɛɛ no kwan (wɔ ne dwumadi a edi kan a ɔyɛ ɔkwankyerɛfo titiriw mu) a efi Bronté Woodard sini a ɔkyerɛwee ne Allan Carr a ɔdan no, a egyina asɛnka agua so nnwom a Jim Jacobs ne Warren Casey yɛe a ɛwɔ din koro no ara so. Sini no kyerɛ Danny Zuko (John Travolta) a ɔyɛ srade ne Australiani osuani a ɔde kɔ baabi foforo Sandy Olsson (Olivia Newton-John) asetra, a wonya wɔn ho wɔn ho ho anigye wɔ awɔw bere mu ɔdɔ mu.
Ɔman Nhyehyɛeɛ (Nation Building)
Tɔfabɔ
Wɔ nnɛ berɛ yi mu no, ɔman nkyekyereɛ kyerɛ ɔman a abɔ ne ho mmɔden anya fahodie na ɔnhyɛ ɔman biara ase, sɛ wɔbɛyɛ nhyehyɛeɛ ahoroɔ a wobɛtumi de wɔn ho ato soɔ a ɛfa ɔman no ho, nhomasua, asraafoɔ ahobammɔ, abatoɔ, asase ho nsɛm a yɛtwerɛw to hɔ, nneɛma a wɔde fi amannɔne ba ho amanneɛbɔ, ɛne/anaa amannɔne dwadie,. Afei saa aman a wɔayɛ nsakraeɛ yi bɛtumi abɛyɛ ɔman ahyehyɛdeɛ a ɛtumi yɛ adwuma na ɛde ne ho so.
Grease
Paramount Pictures na woyii Grease adi wɔ United States wɔ June 16, 1978. Sini no dii yiye wɔ kasatia ne aguadi mu, na ɛbɛyɛɛ nnwom sini a enyaa sika kɛse sen biara saa bere no.[4] Ne nnwom nhoma no baa awiei wɔ afe 1978 mu sɛ nnwom nhoma a ɛto so abien a wɔtɔn sen biara wɔ afe no mu wɔ United States, na ɛwɔ 1977 sini Saturday Night Fever (a Travolta nso dii mu akoten) no nnyigyei akyi nkutoo,[5] na wɔde dwom "Hopelessly Devoted to You" too gua sɛ ɛnyɛ Academy Award for Best Original Song wɔ 51st Academy Awards. Sini no nso nyaa din anum wɔ Golden Globe Awards a ɛto so 36 no mu, a nea ɛka ho ne sɛ ɛyɛ Sini a Ɛsen Biara – Nnwom anaa Aseresɛm ne abien a ɛyɛ Mfitiase Dwom a Ɛsen Biara, wɔ "Grease" ne "You're the One that I Want" ho. Wɔ afe 2020 mu no, wɔpaw Grease sɛ wɔmfa nkora so wɔ United States National Film Registry mu wɔ Library of Congress sɛ "ɔyɛ nea ɛho hia wɔ amammerɛ, abakɔsɛm, anaa afɛfɛde mu".[6][7]
Ɔman Nhyehyɛeɛ (Nation Building)
Tɔfabɔ
Ɔman nkyekyereɛ nso ka ɔman no nneɛma bi ho te sɛ frankaa, "coats of arms", nnwom, ɔman nna, ɔman agorodibea, ɔman wiemhyɛn adwumayɛkuw, ɔman kasa, ne ɔman anansesɛm a wɔto. Wɔ ɔfa a ɛmu dɔ mu no, wɔbɛtumi ahyɛ da ahyehyɛ mmusuakuo ahorow bi su amma wɔn abɛyɛ sɛ ɔman bi no, ne titiriw esiane sɛ wɔ aman foforɔ pii mu no na atubrafoɔ nneyɛeɛ a ɛfa mpaapaemu ne nnisɔ ho no amma nnipa dodoɔ no ara ɛsono mmusuakuo a wɔbɔ.
Grease
Woyii nea ɛtoa so, Grease 2, adi wɔ 1982 mu, a Maxwell Caulfield ne Michelle Pfeiffer dii mu akoten sɛ sradefo kuw foforo. Mfitiase sini no mufo kakraa bi na wɔsan yɛɛ wɔn dwumadi ahorow no. Ɛde besi afe 2023 no, television so dwumadi a edi kan a enni bere tiaa bi, Grease: Rise of the Pink Ladies, dii kan wɔ Paramount +, a sini a edi kan, a wɔato din Summer Lovin', a mprempren wɔreyɛ.[8][9]
Ɔman Nhyehyɛeɛ (Nation Building)
Tɔfabɔ
Nteaseɛ a ɛwɔ ɔman nkyekyereɛ dwumadie ho no, sikasɛm ne asetena mu nneɛma nyinaa ɛwɔ nsusuansoɔ. Tebea ahodoɔ na ɛma amanaman ahodoɔ nya nkɔsoɔ wɔ mmerɛ ne mmeaeɛ ahodoɔ mu. Wɔakyerɛ sɛ nnipa atitiriw ne nnipadɔm a wɔwɔ Great Britain, France, ne United States nya kɔɔ wɔn anim nkakrankakra de wɔn ho bɔɔ aman foforɔ ho berɛ a wɔde saa aman no sii hɔ no na ɔmampɛ nyaa nkɔsoɔ berɛ a nnipa pii tumi de wɔn ho hyɛɛ amammusɛm mu na wo nyaa ɔmanfoɔ nneɛma a na wɔde gye toɔ no.
Grease
Asase
Wɔ 1958 ahohuru bere mu no, ɛhɔnom abarimaa Danny Zuko ne Australiani Sandy Olsson a ɔrekɔ akwamma hyiam wɔ mpoano na wɔdɔ wɔn ho. Sɛ awɔw bere no ba awiei a, Sandy haw sɛ ebia wɔrenhyia bio, nanso Danny ka kyerɛ no sɛ wɔn dɔ no yɛ "mfiase nkutoo".
Ɔman Nhyehyɛeɛ (Nation Building)
Tɔfabɔ
Na aman foforɔ pii haw wɔ cronyism (wɔn nyinaa a wɔayi wɔn afi mu gye nnamfoɔ); adifudepɛ a ɛsɛe ahotoso; ne mmusuakuw mu nyiyim (akansie a ɛda mmusuakuw ntam wɔ ɔman no mu). Ɛtɔ mmere bi a na eyi ma ɛkame ayɛ sɛ wɔpaapae wɔn mu, te sɛ mmɔden a Biafra bɔe sɛ ɛbɛtew ne ho afi Nigeria ho wɔ 1970 mu, anaasɛ Somaliafo a wɔkɔɔ so hwehwɛe sɛ wobenya fahodie koraa wɔ Ogaden mantam mu wɔ Ethiopia no. Rwanda mmusuakuw asetɔreɛ no, ne ɔhaw ahodoɔ a Sudan hyia mpɛn pii no nso betumi abata mmusuakuw, nyamesom, anaa mmusuakuw ntam baakoyɛ a ɛnni ɔman no mu ho. Mpɛn pii no ada adi sɛ ɛyɛ den sɛ wɔbɛka aman a wofi mmusuakuw korɔ mu nanso ɛsono atubrafo asetena mu no abom.
Grease
Asase
Wɔ mpanyimfo bere mfiase wɔ Rydell ntoaso sukuu mu no, Danny san fi ne dwumadi ase sɛ T-Birds srade kuw a Doody, Sonny, Putzie, ne n’adamfo paa Kenickie ka ho no kannifo. Sandy awofoɔ da so ara wɔ Amerika na wɔkyerɛw Sandy din wɔ Rydell baabi a ohyia greaser girl clique the Pink Ladies a Frenchy, Marty, Jan ne ɔkannifoɔ Rizzo ka ho.
Danny ne Sandy ka wɔn ɔdɔ tiawa no ho asɛm kyerɛ wɔn akuw no mu biara, Sandy kae awɔw bere bi a na ɔdɔ wom na Danny kyerɛ sɛ onyaa honam fam osuahu kɛse. Bere a awiei koraa no Sandy bɔ Danny din no, Rizzo yɛ nhyehyɛe ma wɔsan hyia bio wɔ pep nhyiam bi ase a Sandy hyia Tom, jock, na Kenickie da ne kar foforo a wɔde adi dwuma, Greased Lightnin’, a wayɛ nhyehyɛe sɛ obetu mmirika wɔ mmɔnten so bere a wɔasan asiesie akyi no adi. Esiane sɛ Danny akyere ne nkate ne ne din sɛ abarimaa bɔne nti, ɔbɔ Sandy animtiaa wɔ ne kuw no anim na ne bo fuw.
Ɔman Nhyehyɛeɛ (Nation Building)
Tɔfabɔ
Ebi a ɛbɛyɛ den titiriw sɛ wobedi kasa mu nsonsonoeɛ so wɔ ɔman kyekye nhyehyɛe no mu. Bere a ebinom bu Cameroon sɛ ɛyɛ nkonimdi ho nhwɛso no, mpaapaemu reba wɔ Anglophone haw no mu. Nkonimdi te sɛ Senegambia Apam no da ɔhaw ahorow a ɛwɔ Francophone ne Anglophone nsasesin a wɔbɛka abom mu adi.
Grease
Asase
Wɔ Pink Ladies pajama apontow bi ase no, Sandy yare esiane sɛ ɔnom, ɔsɔ sigaret hwɛe, na ɔma Frenchy tow n’aso nti, bere a Rizzo, bere a wadi Sandy nipasu a ɛyɛ papa na ɛho tew ho fɛw akyi no, ofi hɔ kɔda Kenickie wɔ ne kar mu, na bere a wɔn kɔndɔm no bubu Leo, basabasayɛ kuw a wɔredi akan, Scorpions, no kannifo ne n’adamfo abeawa Cha-Cha haw wɔn. Bere a nna apontow no aba awiei no, Sandy hu sɛ ɔda so ara dɔ Danny wɔ ne nyinaa akyi.
Ɔman Nhyehyɛeɛ (Nation Building)
Dwuma a nhomasua di
Wɔtaa gye di sɛ mfitiaseɛ sukuu nhyehyɛeɛ a wɔatrɛw mu no yɛ ade titiriw a ɛde ɔman kyekye nhyehyɛeɛ no ba. Europa sodifoɔ a na wɔwɔ afe ɔha a ɛto so 19 mu no de wɔn ho too mfitiaseɛ sukuu a ɔman no di so de kyerɛkyerɛɛ wɔn a wɔhyɛ wɔn ase no kasa baako, nipasu a wɔbom yɛ, ne ayɛyɛdeɛ ne nokwaredie ho adwene ma nnisɔ ba. Wɔ Prussia no, wɔde mfitiaseɛ nwomasua a nnipa pii bɛba de ahyɛ "nokwaredi, osetie ne ahofama a wɔde ma Ɔhene no" ho nkuran. Saa gyidi ahorow yi a ɛfa tumi a nhomasua ho wɔ nokwaredie a wɔde ma ɔhene no, aman a wɔwɔ wiase mmeae afoforɔ nso gye tomu, wɔ tebea horow a ɛnyɛ demokrase ne demokrase nyinaa mu. Amanneɛbɔ ahodoɔ a ɛfa sukuu ahodoɔ a ɛwɔ Soviet Union hɔ no kyerɛkyerɛ nokwasɛm a ɛyɛ sɛ ɛnyɛ nhomasua mu nsɛm ne ahokokwaw nko na nhomasua nhyehyɛeɛ ahodoɔ a aban boa no sii so dua, na mmom na ɛkyerɛkyerɛ “ɔman ho dɔ ne mmɔborohunu a wonni mma ɔtamfoɔ, atirimɔdensɛm a wɔde di nsɛnnennen so nkonim, dade ntoasoɔ, ne ɔdɔ nso.”
Grease
Asase
Ade kyee no, Danny pa Sandy kyɛw sɛ ɔbɔɔ no brush anadwo a atwam no na, ɛdenam Ɔkyerɛkyerɛfo Calhoun mmoa so no, ɔbɛyɛ mmirikatufo na odi nkonim wɔ ne nsam bio fi Tom nsam, nanso wɔn nnamfonom bɔ wɔn date no hwe ase, na Kenickie ne Rizzo tetew mu wɔ akyinnyegye akyi. Bere a ahoɔfɛ adesuakuw bi a asiane wom gyaw Frenchy a ne ti nhwi yɛ pink a ɛte sɛ ahwiesa akyi no, ɔmpɛ sɛ osi gyinae sɛ ɔbɛsan akɔ Rydell akɔwie ne ntoaso sukuu adesua.
Ɔman Nhyehyɛeɛ (Nation Building)
Beaeɛ a menyaa mmoa firiiɛ
Nkyekyεmu:Ɔman
Grease
Asase
Mmirikatu da no, Kenickie ankasa kar pon ma ne ho popo, enti Danny fa ntwahonan no, na odi nkonim wɔ mmirikatu no mu bere a Leo twitwiw ne ho akyi no. Sandy a ofi akyirikyiri rehwɛ na n’ani agye wɔ Danny nkonimdi no ho no de ba awiei sɛ ɔda so ara dɔ no na ɔhwehwɛ mmoa fi Frenchy hɔ ma ɔsakra ne suban na ɔhwɛ sɛ n’ani begye ho.
Adeyɛ
Ɔkwankyerɛfo Randal Kleiser faa ahofadi pii de mfitiase fibea nsɛm no, nea ɛda nsow kɛse ne sɛ ɔde tebea no fii Chicago nkurow akɛse mu tebea mu (a egyina William Howard Taft ntoaso sukuu so[10]), sɛnea na mfitiase nnwom no te no, kɔɔ nkurow no akyi beae kɛse, a ɛda n’ankasa mmabunbere adi wɔ Radnor ntoaso sukuu a ɛwɔ Philadelphia kurotia no mu. Ná onni sini no mu nnwom afã horow no so tumi kɛse; wɔpoo dwom a ɔpaw a ɛyɛ asɛmti dwom, a Charles Fox ne Paul Williams hyehyɛe no, bere a Robert Stigwood ne Allan Carr hyɛɛ dwom bi fii Stigwood afɛfo Barry Gibb hɔ wɔ simma a etwa to no mu no.[11][12]
Casting a wɔtow gu
John Travolta adi kan ne Stigwood ayɛ adwuma wɔ Saturday Night Fever, ɔkyeree nnwom 10 a ɛyɛ dɛ sen biara "Let Her In" wɔ 1976 mu, na na wadi kan ayɛ Doody wɔ akwantuo mu adeyɛ bi a ɛfa Grease asɛnka agua so fã no ho. Sɛ́ mfonini abiɛsa apam a wɔne Stigwood yɛe no fã no, wɔmaa Travolta dwumadi titiriw bere a Henry Winkler pow dwumadi no esiane suro a na osuro sɛ wɔbɛkyerɛw no sɛ obi a ɔde srade srade gu mu nti, efisɛ wayɛ bad-boy sradefo a ɔte saa ara Arthur Fonzarelli wɔ Anigye Nna mu fi 1974. (Akyiri yi Winkler benu ne ho wɔ gyinaesi no ho.)[13][14] Ná ɔkwankyerɛfo Randal Kleiser nkyerɛɛ agoruhwɛbea dwumadi biara kwan da ansa na eyi reba nanso na wakyerɛ Travolta kwan wɔ 1976 television so sini a wɔato din The Boy in the Plastic Bubble mu) sɛ ɔkwankyerɛfo; Kleiser ne Travolta nyaa platonic abusuabɔ a emu yɛ den wɔ bere a wɔreyɛ no mu, na ɛboaa Travolta ma ɔde n’adwene sii so bere a odii Diana Hyland (n’adamfo abeawa saa bere no ne ne maame a ɔwɔ sini mu wɔ Bubble) wu ho awerɛhow no.[13] Ansa na wɔrefa Newton-John adwuma no, na Allan Carr resusuw din ahorow pii te sɛ Carrie Fisher,[15][16] Ann-Margret, Deborah Raffin,[17] Susan Dey ne Marie Osmond ho sɛ wɔnyɛ adwuma titiriw. Fisher a na wawie Star Wars nkyɛe no, awiei koraa no wɔpoo efisɛ na Stigwood anaa Carr nnim sɛ obetumi ato dwom anaa.[13] Ɛkame ayɛ sɛ Osmond faa dwumadi no ansa na ɔrehu baabi a onipa no danee atuatewfo koduu na ɔpowee[18] sɛ ɔnyɛ Goin’ Coconuts mu ɔyɛkyerɛfo mmom. Awiei koraa no, Carr paw Newton-John bere a ohyiaa no kwa wɔ apontow bi a Helen Reddy yɛɛ ho nhyehyɛe mu akyi.[19] Ná Newton-John anyɛ agodie pii ansa na sini yi reba, na na sini abien pɛ na wɔde ho anuonyam maa no (1965 Funny Things Happen Down Under ne 1970 sini a wonhuu no pii a wɔfrɛ no Toomorrow, a edii n’anim ansa na ɔreto nnwom mu nkɔso) de besi saa bere no; ɔsrɛɛ sɛ wɔnyɛ no screen test ansa na ɔregye dwumadie no atom.[19] Newton-John penee so sɛ wɔbɛtew bo a wɔsrɛ so de agye nsoromma ho ka ne tumi a wɔde bɛsan akyerɛw nkyerɛwee no, a nea ɛka ho ne sɛ ɔbɛsesa ne suban no mfiase ayɛ no Australiani otubrafo (sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a ɛho renhia sɛ osuasua Amerikani kasa a wɔka no) na ɔmma ɔnyɛ obi a ɔnyɛ hwee. Wɔ asetra a wosuasua adwinni ho asɛm mu no, na Newton-John ankasa nnwom adwuma no bɛsakra te sɛ Sandy Olsson nipa no de no; ne nnwom nhoma a edi hɔ a odii Grease akyi, a wɔtoo din Totally Hot a ɛkanyan akɔnnɔ no, de ɔbarima ne ɔbea nna ne pop ho kwan a ɛsen biara adi, a Newton-John puei wɔ album no anim wɔ atade a ɛte saa ara a wɔde aboa nhoma nyinaa ayɛ ne ti nhwi a wɔserewee mu.
Grease yɛ sini a edi kan a ɛmaa varsity jacket ahorow gyee din no mu biako.
Wɔsusuu Elvis Presley ho sɛ ɔbɛyɛ The Teen Angel nanso owui ansa na wɔreyɛ.[18] Marie Osmond nuabarima ne ne hokafoɔ a ɔne no yɛ duet Donny Osmond yɛ Teen Angel foforɔ a ɔbɛtumi ayɛ ansa na wɔreyi Avalon,[18] sɛdeɛ na Frankie Valli nso teɛ, a na wɔama no kwan sɛ ɔbɛto dwom asɛmti no anaasɛ ɔbɛda ne ho adi sɛ Teen Angel (ɔpaw kan no).[21]
Ná Jeff Conaway, te sɛ Travolta, adi kan apue wɔ Grease asɛnka agua so dwumadi no mu; na wayɛ Danny Zuko bere a na ɔyɛkyerɛ no retu mmirika wɔ Broadway no. Wannya kwan ankɔbɔ Kenickie featured number "Greased Lightnin'" esiane Travolta nkɛntɛnso ne ɔpɛ a ɔwɔ sɛ obenya saa dwom no ama n'ankasa nti.[18] Jamie Donnelly san yɛɛ ne dwumadi sɛ Jan a ofi Broadway dwumadi no mu, na ɔyɛ sini no muni biako pɛ a ɔyɛɛ saa; bere a na ne ti nhwi afi ase reyɛ fitaa saa bere yi no, na ɛsɛ sɛ ɔde kɔla yɛ ne ti nhwi ma ɛyɛ te sɛ nea ɔyɛ wɔ agoprama so no.[22] Ná Kelly Ward adi kan ada ne ho adi sɛ obi a ɔboa no a ɔyɛ kasatia a ɔte saa ara wɔ The Boy in the Plastic Bubble a Travolta ka ho wɔ Kleiser ase no mu; wɔpaw no sɛ Putzie, a na ne fã kɛse no ara yɛ obi foforo.
Lorenzo Lamas yɛ obi a ɔde simma a etwa to sii Steven Ford a onyaa ehu wɔ asɛnka agua so bere tiaa bi ansa na wɔreyɛ sini no na ɔsan n’akyi, ne Mark Fidrych a ɔne ne bere nyinaa adwuma sɛ baseball bɔfo no nyaa ntawntawdi no ananmu. Na nkɔmmɔbɔ biara nni ne dwumadi no mu na na ɛhwehwɛ sɛ Lamas yɛ ne ti nhwi fitaa na wakwati sɛ ɔbɛyɛ sɛ T-Nnomaa no mu biako.[22][18]
Ɔbarima
Ɔbarima yɛ ɔbarima onipa a wanyin.[1][2] Ansa na obi nyin no, wɔka onipa barima ho asɛm sɛ abarimaa (abofra anaa ɔbabun a ɔyɛ ɔbarima). Te sɛ mmoa a wɔyɛ mmarima a wɔnom nufusu afoforo dodow no ara no, ɔbarima awosu mu nkwaadɔm taa nya X chromosome fi ɛna no hɔ na Y chromosome fi agya no hɔ. SRY awosu mu abɔde a ɛwɔ Y chromosome no so na ɛkyerɛ nsonsonoe a ɛda ɔbarima ne ɔbea nna mu no so. Wɔ mmabunbere mu no, hormone ahorow a ɛkanyan androgen a wɔyɛ no ma wonya nna mu su ahorow a ɛto so abien, na ɛnam so da nsonsonoe kɛse adi wɔ mmarima ne mmea ntam. Eyinom bi ne ntini a ɛyɛ kɛse, anim nhwi a enyin ne nipadua mu srade a ɛba fam.
Ɔbarima nipadua mu nkwaadɔm yɛ soronko wɔ ɔbea nipadua mu nneɛma ho denam ɔbarima awo nhyehyɛe a ɛka ho ne ɔbarima akyi berɛmo, awotwaa, mmadwoa kwan, prostate ntini ne epididymis, ne ɔbarima ne ɔbea nna ho su a ɛto so abien
Etymology ne nsɛmfua a wɔde di dwuma
Engiresi asɛmfua "onipa" no fi Proto-Indo-Europa ntini *man- (hwɛ Sanskrit/Avestan manu-, Slav mǫž "onipa, ɔbarima").[3] Sɛ yɛbɛka no tẽẽ a, asɛmfua no fi Engiresifo Dedaw mann mu. Na Engiresi kasa Dedaw no kyerɛ "onipa" anaa "onipa" titiriw na na ɛkyerɛ mmarima, mmea, ne mmofra nyinaa. Borɔfo kasa dedaw a wɔde gyina hɔ ma "ɔbarima" sɛ ɛda nsow wɔ "ɔbea" anaa "abofra" ho ne wer. Mann bae sɛ ɛbɛkyerɛ "onipa" wɔ Mfinimfini Borɔfo kasa mu nkutoo, de sii wer ananmu, a ɛda so ara wɔ hɔ nnɛ wɔ nsɛmfua "werewolf" (a efi Engiresi Dedaw mu werwulf, a ɛkyerɛ ankasa ne "man-wolf"), ne "wergild", a ɛkyerɛ ankasa ne "onipa-tua" nkutoo mu. .[4][5][6] Ɔde ne nsa kyerɛɛ ne so.
Abɔde a Nkwa Wom Ho Adesua
Wɔ nnipa mu no, mpɛn pii no, mmadwoa nkwammoaa no kura X anaa Y ɔbarima ne ɔbea nna mu nkwaadɔm. Sɛ mmadwoa nkwammoaa a ɛwɔ Y chromosome no ma ɔbea no ova a, mma no bɛyɛ ɔbarima (XY). Mpɛn pii no, wohu SRY awosu mu abɔde no wɔ Y chromosome no so na ɛno ne ade a ɛkyerɛ sɛnea ɔbarima ne ɔbea nna mu nsonsonoe te. Nsonsonoe a ɛda ɔbarima ne ɔbea nna mu wɔ mmarima mu no kɔ so wɔ ɔkwan a egyina testes so bere a mmea mu nsonsonoe no nnyina gonad so.[7]
Nnipa da nna mu su ahorow pii adi wɔ su ahorow pii mu, a emu pii ne awo tumi nni abusuabɔ biara tẽẽ, ɛwom sɛ saa su ahorow yi mu dodow no ara wɔ kyɛfa wɔ nna ho akɔnnɔ mu de. Wohu nna mu nneɛma abien a wɔda no adi wɔ nnipa mu dodow no ara wɔ ne tenten, ne mu duru, ne nipadua nhyehyɛe mu, ɛwom sɛ nhwɛso ahorow wɔ hɔ bere nyinaa a enni nhyehyɛe no nyinaa akyi de. Sɛ nhwɛso no, mmarima taa tenten sen mmea, nanso nnipa pii wɔ hɔ a wɔyɛ mmarima ne mmea nyinaa a wɔn tenten yɛ mfinimfini ma mmoa ahorow no.
Ɔbarima ne ɔbea nna ho su atitiriw (anaasɛ ɔbarima ne ɔbea nna ho akwaa) yɛ su ahorow a ɛwɔ hɔ bere a wɔawo no na ɛyɛ ade titiriw wɔ awo mu. Wɔ mmarima fam no, nna ho su atitiriw no bi ne ɔbarima akyi berɛmo ne awotwaa. Ɔbarima ne ɔbea nna ho su a ɛto so abien yɛ nneɛma a ɛda adi wɔ nnipa mmabunbere mu.[8][9] Nneɛma a ɛte saa no da adi titiriw wɔ nna mu dimorphic phenotypic su ahorow a ɛma nsonsonoe da mmarima ne mmea ntam no mu, nanso—ɛnyɛ ɔbarima ne ɔbea nna su atitiriw no—ɛnyɛ awo nhyehyɛe no fa tẽẽ. Nna mu su ahorow a ɛto so abien a ɛyɛ mmarima pɔtee no bi ne:
Mmati a wɔatrɛw mu;[13]